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Minneapolis Skyway System

2024-05-31T10:27:59Z

Luch4:

{{Short description|Pedestrian skyway system in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States}}
{{Coord|44|58|35|N|93|16|15|W|display=title}} 
{{Infobox urban feature
| name = Minneapolis Skyway System
| location = Downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| coordinates =
| length = 9.5 miles (15.3 km)
| builder = Leslie Park
| owner = Individual buildings
| website =
}}
[[File:Skyway1.jpg|thumb|Minneapolis skyway]]
[[File:World's Longest Skyway Gives Minneapolis Residents a Break From Harsh Winter.webm|thumb|right|[[Voice of America]] report on the Minneapolis Skyway System]]
[[File:Skyway2large.jpg|thumb|Skyway interior, Minneapolis. [[Nicollet Mall]] between 9th and 10th streets]]
[[File:Skyway3.jpeg|thumb|View through window, Minneapolis]]

The '''Minneapolis Skyway System''' is an interlinked collection of [[skyway|enclosed pedestrian footbridges]] that connect various buildings in 80 full city blocks over {{convert|9.5|mi|km}}<ref name="MeetMinneapolis">{{cite web |title=Your Guide to Navigating the Minneapolis Skyway System |url=https://www.minneapolis.org/map-transportation/minneapolis-skyway-guide/ |website=Meet Minneapolis |access-date=January 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522074224/https://minneapolis-2021.s3.amazonaws.com/images/hotels-minneapolis-skyway-map-3-23-22.pdf?v=1648051918 |archive-date=May 22, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Marshall |first1=Lillie |title=Why See the Minneapolis Skyway and Skyline? – Around the World "L" |url=https://www.aroundtheworldl.com/skyway-minneapolis-skyline/ |website=www.aroundtheworldl.com |access-date=January 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511185632/https://www.aroundtheworldl.com/skyway-minneapolis-skyline/ |archive-date=May 11, 2019 |date=April 15, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> of [[Downtown Minneapolis]], enabling people to walk in climate-controlled comfort year-round.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Meet Minneapolis |title=Your Guide to the Minneapolis Skyway System |url=https://www.minneapolis.org/map-transportation/minneapolis-skyway-guide/ |accessdate=September 23, 2020}}</ref> The skyways are owned by individual buildings in Minneapolis, and as such they do not have uniform opening and closing times.<ref name="MeetMinneapolis" /> The 9.5 miles of skyway are comparable to the [[Houston tunnel system]], the systems in [[Canada|Canadian]] cities such as Toronto's [[PATH (Toronto)|PATH]], Montreal's [[Underground City, Montreal|Underground City]],<ref>Ralph Blumenthal, [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/21/us/21tunnel.html It’s Lonesome in This Old Town, Until You Go Underground] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801074506/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/21/us/21tunnel.html |date=2017-08-01 }}, ''The New York Times'', August 21, 2007,</ref> [[Calgary]]'s 11-mile [[+15]] system and the 8-mile [[Edmonton Pedway]] system.

The Minneapolis skyways connect the second or third floors of various office towers, hotels, banks, corporate and government offices, restaurants, and retail stores to the [[Nicollet Mall]] shopping district, the [[Mayo Clinic Square]], and the sports facilities at [[Target Center]], [[Target Field]] and [[U.S. Bank Stadium]]. Several condominium and apartment complexes are skyway-connected as well, allowing residents to live, work, and shop downtown without having to leave the skyway system<ref name="HSP">{{Cite web |url=https://homesmsp.com/2018/01/minneapolis-condos-connected-skyway.html |title=Minneapolis condos connected to the Skyway |date= |access-date= |author=Sharlene Hensrud |website=homesmsp.com |lang=en }}</ref>.

==History and development==
The city's first skyways were planned by real estate developer Leslie Park and his architect Edward Baker (Baker Associates) in the early 1960s and built by Crown Iron Works Company of Minneapolis. Sensing pressure from indoor shopping malls such as [[Southdale Center]], Park wanted to create a similar environment in Downtown Minneapolis that would offer a climate-controlled space and a way for pedestrians to move from building to building. He built two skyways connecting the newly constructed [[Northstar Center]] building to the Northwestern Bank Building and the Roanoke Building. The skyway to the Northwestern Bank Building was built in 1962 and the skyway to the Roanoke Building followed the next year. The second skyway still remains in use today and is the system's oldest segment.<ref name="nathanson">{{cite web|last1=Nathanson|first1=Iric|title=Minneapolis' oldest skyway still in use turns 50|url=https://www.minnpost.com/minnesota-history/2013/07/minneapolis-oldest-skyway-still-use-turns-50|website=MinnPost|access-date=2016-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201040821/https://www.minnpost.com/minnesota-history/2013/07/minneapolis-oldest-skyway-still-use-turns-50|archive-date=2016-02-01|url-status=live}}</ref>

The system grew to seven total segments by 1972, though many of the skyways remained disconnected from one another. The construction of the [[IDS Center]] in 1972 helped to unify the system. The building featured skyways in all four directions as well as a spacious atrium area called the Crystal Court, allowing it to act as a central hub for the entire system. In 1976, the Downtown Council produced the first formal maps and signage for the system.<ref name="nathanson"/><ref name="aiareport">{{cite book |last1=Jacob |first1=Bernard |last2=Morphew |first2=Carol |title=Skyway Topology Minneapolis: A Study of the Minneapolis Skyways |date=1984 |publisher=AIA Press |location=Washington DC |page=25 }}</ref>

The 1987 album ''[[Pleased to Meet Me]]'' by The Replacements contained a song entitled ''Skyway.'' Inspired by Minneapolis, the song used the skyway as a metaphor for unrequited love.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nordheim |first=Dan |title=The making of Pleased to Meet Me by The Replacements - featuring Bob Mehr and Luther Dickinson |url=https://lifeoftherecord.com/the-replacements-notes |access-date=22 May 2024 |website=Life of the Record}}</ref>

In 2016, the [[U.S. Bank Stadium]] became connected to the Minneapolis skyway via a mixed-use development of office buildings and apartment complexes in [[Downtown East, Minneapolis]].<ref name="strib">{{cite web |last=Moore |first=Janet |title=Wells Fargo to spend $300M to build 2 towers near Vikings stadium |work=Minneapolis StarTribune |url=http://www.startribune.com/local/minneapolis/236591111.html |access-date=2014-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009133317/http://www.startribune.com/local/minneapolis/236591111.html |archive-date=2014-10-09 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Notable buildings connected==

* [[Fifth Street Towers]]
* [[Butler Square]]
* [[IDS Center]]
* [[Northstar Center]]
* [[Foshay Tower]]
* [[U.S. Bank Stadium]]
* [[Target Center]]
* [[Target Field]]
* [[Hawthorne Transportation Center]]
* [[Mayo Clinic Square]]
* [[Minneapolis Central Library]]
* [[Minneapolis Convention Center]]
* [[University of Saint Thomas (Minnesota)|University of St. Thomas]]
* [[Capella Tower]]
* [[Wells Fargo Center (Minneapolis)|Wells Fargo Center]]
* [[33 South Sixth]]/[[Minneapolis City Center]]
* [[Two22]] (formerly Campbell Mithun Tower)
* [[Ameriprise Financial Center]]
* [[Hennepin County Government Center]]
* [[US Bank Plaza (Minneapolis)|US Bank Plaza]]
* [[RBC Plaza Minneapolis|RBC Plaza]]
* [[US Bancorp Center]]
* [[AT&T Tower (Minneapolis)|AT&T Tower]]
* [[100 Washington Square]]
* [[510 Marquette Building]]

==Guides==
Various guides to navigation exist including paper and online maps<ref name="MeetMinneapolis" /> as well as an app.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Skyway Map Minneapolis - Apps on Google Play |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.adriapolis.skywaymappgoogle&hl=en_US |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=play.google.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://cdn.minneapolis.org/digital_files/154/hotels-skyways-hedberg.pdf Downtown Minneapolis – Hotels and Skyways map of system], Minneapolis CVB 2016
* [http://www.skywaymyway.com Downtown Minneapolis Skyway Guide] interactive map. Skyway My Way, 2012.


[[Category:Buildings and structures in Minneapolis]]
[[Category:Pedestrian bridges in Minnesota]]
[[Category:Pedways in the United States]]
[[Category:Skyways]]
[[Category:Transportation in Minneapolis]]

User:Luch4

2024-03-15T06:50:43Z

Luch4:

Hi everybody. Привет всем.

[[ru:User:Luch4]]

Minnesota

2023-11-08T12:00:08Z

Luch4: /* Judiciary */

{{Short description|U.S. state}}
{{about|the U.S. state|other uses||}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{pp-move|small=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox U.S. state
| name = Minnesota
| image_flag = Flag of Minnesota.svg
| flag_link = Flag of Minnesota
| image_seal = Minnesota-StateSeal.svg
| seal_link = Seal of Minnesota
| nicknames = Land of 10,000 Lakes; North Star State; Gopher State
| motto = {{lang|fr|[[L'Étoile du Nord]]}} (French: The Star of the North)
| anthem = "[[Hail! Minnesota]]"
| image_map = Minnesota in United States.svg
| OfficialLang = none
| Languages = * [[English language|English]] 88.9%
* [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
*[[Somali language|Somali]]
* [[Hmong language|Hmong]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mn.gov/admin/demography/data-by-topic/immigration-language|title=Minnesota State Demographic Center – Immigration & Language|access-date=November 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824050444/https://mn.gov/admin/demography/data-by-topic/immigration-language/|archive-date=August 24, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_demonym = Minnesotan
| LargestCity = [[Minneapolis]]
| LargestCounty = [[Hennepin County|Hennepin]]
| seat = [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|Saint Paul]]
| LargestMetro = [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul]]
| area_rank = 12th
| area_total_sq_mi = 86,935.83
| area_total_km2 = 225,163
| width_mi = 200–350
| width_km = 320–560
| length_mi = about 400
| length_km = 640
| area_water_percent = 8.40
| Latitude = 43° 30′ N to 49° 23′ N
| Longitude = 89° 29′ W to 97° 14′ W
| population_rank = 22nd
| population_as_of = 2022
| 2010Pop = 5,717,184<ref name="2022 Estimate">{{cite web |title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/MN/PST045222 |work=QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, 2021 Estimate |access-date=January 1, 2023 |archive-date=February 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213024646/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/MN/PST045222 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| 2000DensityUS = 68.9 
| 2000Density = 26.6 
| population_density_rank = 36th (2020 census)
| MedianHouseholdIncome = $74,593<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/?currentTimeframe=0|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|title=Median Annual Household Income|access-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220091007/http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/?currentTimeframe=0|archive-date=December 20, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
| IncomeRank = [[List of U.S. states and territories by income#States and territories ranked by median household income|13th]]
| elevation_max_point = [[Eagle Mountain (Minnesota)|Eagle Mountain]]<ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |title=Elevations and Distances in the United States |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |year=2001 |access-date=October 24, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |archive-date=October 15, 2011 }}</ref>{{efn|name = NAVD88|Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].}}
| elevation_max_ft = 2,301
| elevation_max_m = 701
| elevation_ft = 1,200
| elevation_m = 370
| elevation_min_point = [[Lake Superior]]<ref name=USGS />{{efn|name=NAVD88}}<ref>[http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/data/wlevels/data/superiorLevelsFeet.png "Lake Superior Water Levels"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807223014/http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/data/wlevels/data/superiorLevelsFeet.png |date=August 7, 2016}}, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. Updated daily.</ref>
| elevation_min_m = 183
| elevation_min_ft = 602
| Former = Minnesota Territory
| AdmittanceDate = May 11, 1858
| AdmittanceOrder = 32nd State in the Union
| Governor = {{nowrap|[[Tim Walz]] ([[Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party|DFL]])}}
| Lieutenant Governor = {{nowrap|[[Peggy Flanagan]] (DFL)}}
| Legislature = [[Minnesota Legislature]]
| Upperhouse = [[Minnesota Senate|Senate]]
| Lowerhouse = [[Minnesota House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]
| Judiciary = [[Minnesota Supreme Court]]
| Senators = {{nowrap|[[Amy Klobuchar]] (DFL)}} {{nowrap|[[Tina Smith]] (DFL)}}
| Representative = 4 Democrats 4 Republicans
| timezone1 = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|Central]]
| utc_offset1 = – 06:00
| timezone1_DST = [[Central Daylight Time|CDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST = – 05:00
| iso_code = US-MN
| postal_code = MN
| TradAbbreviation = Minn.
| website = MN.gov
| area_land_sq_mi = 79,626.74
| area_land_km2 = 206,232
| area_water_sq_mi = 7,309.09
| area_water_km2 = 18,930
| Capital = Saint Paul, Minnesota
}}
{{Infobox region symbols|country=United States

|state = Minnesota
|bird = [[Common loon]]
|butterfly = [[Monarch butterfly|Monarch]]
|fish = [[Walleye]]
|flower = [[Cypripedium reginae|Pink-and-white lady's slipper]]
|mushroom = [[Common morel]] (''Morchella esculenta'')
|tree = [[Norway pine]]<ref name="StateSymbolsUSA">{{cite web |url=https://statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/minnesota/state-tree/red-pine |title=Minnesota State Tree – Red Pine (Norway Pine) |date=October 11, 2014 |publisher=State Symbols USA |access-date=May 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525200203/https://statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/minnesota/state-tree/red-pine |archive-date=May 25, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|beverage = [[Milk]]
|food = {{ubl
|'''Fruit:''' [[Honeycrisp]] apple
|'''Muffin:''' [[Blueberry]]
|'''Mushroom:''' [[Morel]]
}}
|gemstone = [[Lake Superior agate]]
|other = '''Photograph:''' [[Grace (photograph)|Grace]]
| image_quarter = 2005 MN Proof.png
| quarter_release_date = 2005
}}

'''Minnesota''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Native Minnesotan Pronunciation.ogg|ˌ|m|ɪ|n|ᵻ|ˈ|s|oʊ|t|ə}} {{respell|MIH|nih|SOH|tə}}) is a [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[upper midwest|Upper Midwest]]ern region of the [[United States]]. It is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|12th largest U.S. state in area]] and the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|22nd most populous]], with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western [[prairie]]s, now given over to intensive agriculture; [[deciduous]] forests in the southeast, now partially cleared, farmed, and settled; and the less populated [[Laurentian Mixed Forest Province|North Woods]], used for mining, forestry, and recreation. Roughly a third of the state is [[Forest cover by state and territory in the United States|covered in forests]], and it is known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes" for having more than 14,000 bodies of fresh water covering at least ten acres each.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downing |first=John A. |date=May 17, 2021 |title=Minnesota: Land of How Many Lakes? |url=https://seagrant.umn.edu/news-information/directors-column/minnesota-land-how-many-lakes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101204342/https://seagrant.umn.edu/news-info/directors-column/minnesota-land-how-many-lakes |archive-date=January 1, 2023 |website=Minnesota Sea Grant}}</ref> More than 60% of Minnesotans live in the [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul]] metropolitan area, known as the "Twin Cities", the state's main political, economic, and cultural hub.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Estimates: Latest annual estimates of Minnesota and its Economic Development Regions' population and households, 2021 |url=https://mn.gov/admin/demography/data-by-topic/population-data/our-estimates/ |website=Population Data |publisher=Minnesota State Demographic Center |access-date=May 13, 2019 |date=August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513130752/https://mn.gov/admin/demography/data-by-topic/population-data/our-estimates/ |archive-date=May 13, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> With a population of about 3.7 million, the Twin Cities is the [[List of metropolitan statistical areas|16th largest metropolitan area in the U.S.]] Other minor [[Metropolitan statistical area|metropolitan]] and [[Micropolitan statistical area|micropolitan]] statistical areas in the state include [[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth]], [[Mankato, Minnesota|Mankato]], [[Moorhead, Minnesota|Moorhead]], [[Rochester, Minnesota|Rochester]], and [[St. Cloud, Minnesota|St. Cloud]].<ref name=":2">{{cite web|date=January 2017|title=Greater Minnesota Refined & Revisited|url=https://mn.gov/admin/assets/greater-mn-refined-and-revisited-msdc-jan2017_tcm36-273216.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412030707/https://mn.gov/admin/assets/greater-mn-refined-and-revisited-msdc-jan2017_tcm36-273216.pdf|archive-date=April 12, 2019|access-date=May 13, 2019|website=Greater Minnesota Status Report|publisher=Minnesota State Demographic Center}}</ref>

Minnesota, which gets its name from the [[Dakota language]], has been inhabited by various [[Native Americans in the United States|indigenous peoples]] since the [[Woodland period]] of the 11th century BCE. Between roughly 200 and 500 CE, two areas of the indigenous [[Hopewell tradition]] emerged: the [[Laurel complex]] in the north, and Trempealeau Hopewell in the [[Mississippi River Valley]] in the south. The [[Upper Mississippian|Upper Mississippian culture]], consisting of the [[Oneota]] people and other [[Siouan]] speakers, emerged around 1000 CE and lasted through the arrival of Europeans in the 17th century. French explorers and [[missionaries]] were the earliest Europeans to enter the region, encountering the [[Dakota people|Dakota]], [[Ojibwe]], and various [[Anishinaabe]] tribes. Much of what is now Minnesota formed part of the [[Louisiana Territory|vast French holding of Louisiana]], which [[Louisiana Purchase|the United States purchased]] in 1803. After several territorial reorganizations, the [[Minnesota Territory]] was [[Admission to the Union|admitted to the Union]] as the 32nd state in 1858. Minnesota's official motto, {{lang|fr|L'Étoile du Nord}}, is the only [[List of U.S. state and territory mottos|state motto]] in French; meaning "The Star of the North", this phrase was adopted shortly after statehood and reflects both the state's early French explorers and its position as the northernmost state in the contiguous U.S.

As part of the [[American frontier]], Minnesota attracted settlers and [[Homestead Acts|homesteaders]] from across the country. Its growth was initially based on timber, agriculture, and railroad construction. Into the early 20th century, European immigrants arrived in significant numbers, particularly from [[Scandinavia]], Germany, and [[Central Europe]]; many were linked to the failed [[revolutions of 1848]], which partly influenced the state's development as a center of [[American labor movement|labor and social activism]].<ref name="The transition of a new world Bohemia.">{{cite web|last1=Jerabek|first1=Esther|title=The transition of a new world Bohemia.|url=http://collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/15/v15i01p026-042.pdf|access-date=May 10, 2020|publisher=Minnesota Historical Society|archive-date=February 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224051452/http://collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/15/v15i01p026-042.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Minnesota's rapid industrialization and urbanization precipitated [[Progressive Era|major social, economic, and political changes]] in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; the state was at the forefront of [[Labor rights in the United States|labor rights]], [[Women's suffrage in the United States|women's suffrage]], and political reform.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Backerud |first=Thomas K. |date=August 26, 2014 |title=What it meant to be 'progressive' in turn-of-the-century Minnesota |url=https://www.minnpost.com/mnopedia/2014/08/what-it-meant-be-progressive-turn-century-minnesota/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202657/https://www.minnpost.com/mnopedia/2014/08/what-it-meant-be-progressive-turn-century-minnesota/ |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |access-date=June 22, 2021 |website=MinnPost |language=en-US}}</ref> Minnesota is considered [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]-leaning, having voted for every Democratic presidential nominee since 1976, longer than any other U.S. state.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ostermeier |first=Eric |date=September 3, 2015 |title=Republicans and Democrats Have Record Presidential Winning Streaks in 36 States |url=https://smartpolitics.lib.umn.edu/2015/09/03/republicans-and-democrats-have-record-presidential-winning-streaks-in-36-states/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111190857/https://smartpolitics.lib.umn.edu/2015/09/03/republicans-and-democrats-have-record-presidential-winning-streaks-in-36-states/ |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=June 18, 2022 |website=Smart Politics |language=en-US}}</ref>

Since the late 20th century, the core of Minnesota's economy has diversified, shifting from traditional industries such as agriculture and resource extraction to services, finance, and health care; it is consequently one of the richest in terms of GDP and per capita income. The state is home to 11 federally recognized [[Indian reservation|Native American reservations]] (seven Ojibwe, four Dakota), and remains a center of [[Scandinavian American|Scandinavian]] and [[German Americans|German]] cultures with an influence of [[Lutheranism]]. In more recent decades, Minnesota has become more multicultural, driven by both larger domestic migration and immigration from Latin America, Asia, the [[Horn of Africa]], and the Middle East; the state has the nation's largest population of [[History of Somalis in Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Somali Americans]] and second-largest [[History of the Hmong in Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Hmong population]].<ref name="MNHmong">{{cite web |last=Lee |first=Mai Na M. |date=October 5, 2021 |title=Hmong and Hmong Americans in Minnesota |url=https://www.mnopedia.org/hmong-and-hmong-americans-minnesota |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006025521/https://www.mnopedia.org/hmong-and-hmong-americans-minnesota |archive-date=October 6, 2021 |access-date=October 6, 2021 |website=MNopedia}}</ref> Minnesota's [[Standard of living in the United States|standard of living]] and level of education are among the highest in the U.S.,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Frohlich |first1=Thomas |last2=Hess |first2=Alexander E.M. |last3=Kent |first3=Alexander |last4=Serenbetz |first4=Robert |date=September 23, 2014 |title=America's Most (and Least) Educated States |url=http://247wallst.com/special-report/2014/09/23/americas-most-and-least-educated-states/2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203020651/http://247wallst.com/special-report/2014/09/23/americas-most-and-least-educated-states/2/ |archive-date=February 3, 2015 |access-date=February 2, 2015 |website=24/7 WallStreet}}</ref> and it is ranked among the best states in metrics such as employment, median income, safety, and governance.<ref>[https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/minnesota# Minnesota Rankings and Facts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622182544/https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/minnesota |date=June 22, 2021 }} | US News Best States</ref>

== Etymology ==

The word ''Minnesota'' comes from the [[Dakota language|Dakota]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2015 |title=Good Question: How Did Minnesota Get Its Name? |url=https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2015/05/11/good-question-how-did-minnesota-get-its-name/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716234507/https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2015/05/11/good-question-how-did-minnesota-get-its-name/ |archive-date=July 16, 2019 |access-date=September 9, 2019 |website=CBS Minnesota}}</ref> name for the [[Minnesota River]], which got its name from one of two words in Dakota: "{{Lang|dak|mní sóta}}", which means "clear blue water",<ref>New Lakota dictionary. Lakota Language Consortium (2008).</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://filemaker.cla.umn.edu/dakota/browserecord.php?-action=browse&-recid=1630 |title=Mnisota |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002143839/https://filemaker.cla.umn.edu/dakota/browserecord.php?-action=browse&-recid=1630 |archive-date=October 2, 2013 |work=Dakota Dictionary Online |publisher=University of Minnesota Department of American Indian Studies |date=2010 |access-date=October 6, 2016}}</ref> or "{{Lang|dak|Mníssota}}", which means "cloudy water".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://filemaker.cla.umn.edu/dakota/browserecord.php?-action=browse&-recid=1631 |title=Mnisota |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525200616/https://filemaker.cla.umn.edu/dakota/browserecord.php?-action=browse&-recid=1631 |archive-date=May 25, 2017 |work=Dakota Dictionary Online |publisher=University of Minnesota Department of American Indian Studies |date=2010 |access-date=October 6, 2016}}</ref><ref name="mnhs-name">{{cite web | title = Minnesota State | publisher = Minnesota Historical Society | url = http://mnplaces.mnhs.org/upham/otheritem.cfm?PlaceNameID=2007&BookCodeID=67&County=0&SendingPage=Results.cfm | access-date = April 26, 2008 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070901215624/http://mnplaces.mnhs.org/upham/otheritem.cfm?PlaceNameID=2007&BookCodeID=67&County=0&SendingPage=Results.cfm | archive-date = September 1, 2007 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> [[Dakota people]] demonstrated the name to early settlers by dropping milk into water and calling it ''{{Lang|dak|mní sóta}}''.<ref name="mnhs-name" /> Many places in the state have similar Dakota names, such as [[Minnehaha Falls]] ("curling water" or waterfall), [[Minneiska, Minnesota|Minneiska]] ("white water"), [[Minneota, Minnesota|Minneota]] ("much water"), [[Lake Minnetonka|Minnetonka]] ("big water"), [[Minnetrista, Minnesota|Minnetrista]] ("crooked water"), and Minneapolis, a [[hybrid word]] combining Dakota ''{{Lang|dak|mní}}'' ("water") and ''-{{Lang|el-latn|polis}}'' ([[Greek language|Greek]] for "city").<ref>{{cite web | title = Minnehaha Creek | publisher = Minnesota Historical Society | url = http://mnplaces.mnhs.org/upham/Waterway.cfm?PlaceNameID=2002&BookCodeID=9&County=27&SendingPage=Results.cfm | access-date = April 26, 2008 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110430112357/http://mnplaces.mnhs.org/upham/Waterway.cfm?PlaceNameID=2002&BookCodeID=9&County=27&SendingPage=Results.cfm | archive-date = April 30, 2011 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>

== History ==

{{Main|History of Minnesota}}

[[File:Minnesota Territory 1849.svg|thumb|left|Map of [[Minnesota Territory]] 1849–1858]]
When Europeans arrived in North America, the [[Dakota people]] lived in what is now Minnesota. The first Europeans to enter the region were French [[voyageurs]], [[fur trade]]rs who arrived in the 17th century. They used the [[Grand Portage National Monument|Grand Portage]] to access trapping and trading areas further into Minnesota. The [[Anishinaabe]] (also known as [[Ojibwe]] or Chippewa) were migrating into Minnesota, causing tensions with the Dakota people,<ref name="timepieces">{{cite web | title = TimePieces | url = http://events.mnhs.org/TimePieces/timeline.cfm | publisher = Minnesota Historical Society | access-date = September 19, 2006 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060917211935/http://events.mnhs.org/TimePieces/timeline.cfm | archive-date = September 17, 2006 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> and dislocated the [[Mdewakanton]] from their homelands along [[Mille Lacs Lake]]. Explorers such as [[Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut]], Father [[Louis Hennepin]], [[Jonathan Carver]], [[Henry Schoolcraft]], and [[Joseph Nicollet]] mapped the state.

The region was part of [[Louisiana (New Spain)|Spanish Louisiana]] from 1762 to 1802.<ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase – History, Facts, & Map |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/349302/Louisiana-Purchase |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501010249/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/349302/Louisiana-Purchase |archive-date=May 1, 2015 |access-date=December 31, 2014 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Chamberlain |first1=Charles |last2=Faber |first2=Lo |title=Spanish Colonial Louisiana |url=http://www.knowlouisiana.org/entry/spanish-colonial-louisiana |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219090342/http://www.knowlouisiana.org/entry/spanish-colonial-louisiana |archive-date=February 19, 2018 |access-date=February 18, 2018 |website=Know Louisiana}}</ref> The portion of the state east of the Mississippi River became part of the United States at the end of the [[American Revolutionary War]], when the [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Second Treaty of Paris]] was signed. Land west of the Mississippi was acquired with the [[Louisiana Purchase]], though the [[Hudson's Bay Company]] disputed the [[Red River Valley]] until the [[Treaty of 1818]], when the border on the [[49th parallel north|49th parallel]] was agreed upon.<ref name="Lass" /> In 1805 [[Zebulon Pike]] bargained with Native Americans to acquire land at the [[confluence]] of the Minnesota and Mississippi rivers to create a military reservation. The construction of Fort Snelling followed between 1819 and 1825.<ref name="Gilman">{{cite book | title = The Story of Minnesota's Past | last = Gilman | first = Rhoda R. | publisher = Minnesota Historical Society Press | location = St. Paul, Minnesota | date = July 1, 1991 | isbn = 978-0-87351-267-1}}</ref> Its soldiers built a [[grist mill]] and a [[sawmill]] at [[Saint Anthony Falls]], which were harbingers of the water-powered industries around which Minneapolis later grew. Meanwhile, squatters, government officials, and others had settled near the fort; in 1839 the army forced them off military lands, and most moved downriver, just outside the military reservation, to the area that became St. Paul.<ref name="hfs">{{cite web | url = http://www.mnhs.org/places/sites/hfs/history.html | title = Historic Fort Snelling | publisher = Minnesota Historical Society Press | access-date = July 6, 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120716231055/http://www.mnhs.org/places/sites/hfs/history.html | archive-date = July 16, 2012 | url-status=dead | df = mdy-all }}</ref>

Minnesota was part of several territorial organizations between acquisition and statehood. From 1812 to 1821 it was part of the [[Territory of Missouri]] that corresponded with much of the Louisiana Purchase. It was briefly an unorganized territory ([[Territories of the United States#Formerly unorganized territories|1821–1834]]) and was later consolidated with Wisconsin, Iowa and half the Dakotas to form the short-lived [[Territory of Michigan]] (1834–1836). From 1836 to 1848, Minnesota and Iowa were part of the [[Territory of Wisconsin]]. From 1838 to 1846, Minnesota west of the Mississippi River was part of the [[Territory of Iowa]]. Minnesota east of the Mississippi was part of Wisconsin until 1848. When Iowa gained statehood western Minnesota was in an Unorganized Territory again. [[Minnesota Territory]] was formed on March 3, 1849. The first territorial legislature, held on September 2, 1849,<ref>{{cite web |title=City History |url=http://www.ci.crystal.mn.us/about_crystal/city_history.php |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027214559/http://www.ci.crystal.mn.us/about_crystal/city_history.php |archive-date=October 27, 2014 |access-date=October 28, 2014 |website=Welcome to the City of Crystal, MN}}</ref> was dominated by men of [[New England]] ancestry.<ref>New England in the Life of the World: A Record of Adventure and Achievement By Howard Allen Bridgman page 112</ref> Thousands of pioneers had come to create farms and cut timber. Minnesota became the [[List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union|32nd U.S. state]] on May 11, 1858. The founding population was so overwhelmingly of New England origins that the state was dubbed "the New England of the West".<ref>A Collection of Confusable Phrases By Yuri Dolgopolov page 309</ref><ref>Minnesota: A History of the State By Theodore Christian Blegen page 202-203</ref><ref>Sketches of Minnesota, the New England of the West. With incidents of travel in that territory during the summer of 1849. With a map by E. S. SEYMOUR page xii</ref><ref>Northern Lights: The Stories of Minnesota's Past By Dave Kenney, Hillary Wackman, Nancy O'Brien Wagner page 94</ref>
[[File:Dakota War of 1862-stereo-right.jpg|thumb|upright|Mixed Dakota-Europeans who were rescued by "non-hostile" Dakota. The girl in the foreground wrapped in the striped blanket is Elise Robertson, the sister of Thomas Robertson, a mixed blood who acted as an intermediary between the Dakota and the European-Americans during the [[Dakota War of 1862]]|left]]

Treaties between the U.S. government and the eastern Dakota and Ojibwe gradually forced the natives off their lands and onto [[Indian reservation|reservations]]. As conditions deteriorated for the eastern Dakota, tensions rose, leading to the [[Dakota War of 1862]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Kunnen-Jones |first=Marianne |title=Anniversary Volume Gives New Voice To Pioneer Accounts of Sioux Uprising |publisher=University of Cincinnati |date=August 21, 2002 |url=http://www.uc.edu/news/sioux.htm |access-date=June 6, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619085622/http://www.uc.edu/news/sioux.htm |archive-date=June 19, 2008 }}</ref> The conflict was ignited when four young Dakota men, searching for food, killed a family of white settlers on August 17. That night, a faction of [[Little Crow]]'s eastern Dakota decided to try and drive all settlers out of the Minnesota River valley. In the weeks that followed, Dakota warriors killed hundreds of settlers, causing thousands to flee the area.<ref name="anderson2019">Anderson, Gary Clayton (2019). ''Massacre in Minnesota: The Dakota War of 1862, the Most Violent Ethnic Conflict in American History.'' Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. P. 107 {{ISBN|978-0-8061-6434-2}}</ref> The six-week war ended with the defeat of the eastern Dakota and 2,000 in custody, who were eventually exiled to the [[Crow Creek Reservation]] by the [[Great Sioux Reservation]] in [[Dakota Territory]]. The remaining 4,500 to 5,000 Dakota mostly fled the state into [[Rupert's Land]].<ref name="Lass">{{cite book | last = Lass | first = William E. | title = Minnesota: A History | edition = 2nd | publisher = W.W. Norton & Company | location = New York, NY | year = 1998 | orig-year = 1977 | isbn = 978-0-393-04628-1 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/minnesotahistory0000lass_v7g8 }}</ref> As many as 800 settlers were killed during the war.<ref>Steil, Mark and Tim Post. [http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/200209/23_steilm_1862-m/part4.shtml Hundreds of settlers killed in attacks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223010616/http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/200209/23_steilm_1862-m/part4.shtml |date=February 23, 2018 }}. Minnesota Public Radio. September 26, 2002.</ref>

Minnesota Governor [[Alexander Ramsey]] subsequently declared that "the Sioux Indians of Minnesota must be exterminated or driven forever beyond the borders of the state"<ref>{{cite news|title=The controversial career of Minnesota's first territorial governor, Alexander Ramsey |work=MinnPost |first=Jayne |last=Becker |date=October 1, 2018 |url=https://www.minnpost.com/mnopedia/2018/10/the-controversial-career-of-minnesotas-first-territorial-governor-alexander-ramsey/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104233734/https://www.minnpost.com/mnopedia/2018/10/the-controversial-career-of-minnesotas-first-territorial-governor-alexander-ramsey/|archive-date=November 4, 2020}}</ref> and placed a bounty of $25/scalp on the heads of the eastern Dakota men. Over 1,600 eastern Dakota women, children, and elderly walked from the Lower Sioux Agency to [[Fort Snelling]] to be held until the spring thaw allowed riverboats to take them out of Minnesota to Crow Creek Indian Reservation.<ref name="aftermath">{{cite news|title=U.S.-Dakota War's aftermath a 'dark moment' in Fort Snelling history "work=Pioneer Press |first=Nick |last=Woltman |date=May 2019 |url=https://www.twincities.com/2019/05/04/u-s-dakota-wars-aftermath-a-dark-moment-in-fort-snelling-history/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227171951/https://www.twincities.com/2019/05/04/u-s-dakota-wars-aftermath-a-dark-moment-in-fort-snelling-history/|archive-date=December 27, 2020}}</ref> [[William Crooks (colonel)|William Crooks]], commander of [[6th Minnesota Infantry Regiment|6th Minnesota]], had a [[palisade]] erected around the encampment on Pike Island, just below the fort, to protect native people from the soldiers and settlers.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2012/12/11/dakota-war-part10 |access-date=September 21, 2020 |date=December 11, 2012 |first=John |last=Biewen |title=Part 10: Payback for the Dakota – banishment |publisher=[[Minnesota Public Radio]] |archive-date=December 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203234241/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2012/12/11/dakota-war-part10 |url-status=live }}</ref> Conditions there were poor and between 125 and 300 died of disease.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://usdakotawar.org/history/aftermath/forced-marches-imprisonment |title=Forced Marches & Imprisonment |work=The U.S.-Dakota War of 1862 |date=August 23, 2012 |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society |access-date=July 6, 2013 |archive-date=March 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320010318/http://www.usdakotawar.org/history/aftermath/forced-marches-imprisonment |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bounty">Minnesota Bounties On Dakota Men During The US-Dakota War, Hamline University, C. Rotel, 2013,[https://open.mitchellhamline.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1261&context=facsch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922210952/http://open.mitchellhamline.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1261&context=facsch|date=September 22, 2017}}</ref> Around 400 Dakota men were tried after the war. 303 were sentenced to death, but [[Abraham Lincoln]] reviewed the convictions and approved 39 of the death sentences. In December 1862, 38 of them were hanged.<ref name="Lass"/>

In early 1863, Ramsey resigned as governor to become the Federal [[Indian Commissioner]]. His successor, Governor [[Henry Adoniram Swift|Henry Swift]], raised the bounty to $200/scalp. A total of $325 was paid out to four people collecting bounties, including for Little Crow who was killed in July 1863.<ref name="Bounty" /> Upon becoming Indian Commissioner, Ramsey set out to get Ojibwe lands too. In 1863 he negotiated the [[Treaty of Old Crossing]], whereby the Ojibwe ceded all their land in northern Minnesota and moved to reservations.

Logging, farming, and railroads were mainstays of Minnesota's early economy. The sawmills at Saint Anthony Falls and logging centers of [[Pine City, Minnesota|Pine City]], [[Marine on St. Croix, Minnesota|Marine on St. Croix]], [[Stillwater, Minnesota|Stillwater]], and [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] processed vast quantities of timber. These cities were on rivers that were ideal for transportation.<ref name="Lass" /> St. Anthony Falls was later tapped to provide power for flour mills. Innovations by Minneapolis millers led to the production of Minnesota "patent" flour, which commanded almost double the price of "bakers'" or "clear" flour which it replaced.<ref>{{cite web| last =Hazen| first =Theodore R.| title =New Process Milling of 1850–70| publisher =Pond Lily Mill Restorations| url =http://www.angelfire.com/journal/millrestoration/newprocess.html| access-date =May 11, 2007| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130619073151/http://www.angelfire.com/journal/millrestoration/newprocess.html| archive-date =June 19, 2013| url-status =live}}</ref> By 1900 Minnesota mills, led by [[Pillsbury Company|Pillsbury]], [[Northwestern Consolidated Milling Company|Northwestern]], and the Washburn-Crosby Company (an ancestor of [[General Mills]]), were grinding 14.1% of the nation's grain.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Danbom, David B. |date=Spring 2003 | title = Flour Power: The Significance of Flour Milling at the Falls | journal = Minnesota History | volume = 58 | issue = 5 | pages = 271–285}}</ref>
[[File:Phelpsmill ottertailcounty.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Phelps Mill]] in [[Otter Tail County, Minnesota|Otter Tail County]]]]

The state's iron-mining industry was established with the discovery of iron in the [[Vermilion Range (Minnesota)|Vermilion]] and [[Mesabi Range|Mesabi]] ranges in the 1880s, followed by the [[Cuyuna Range]] in the early 1900s. The ore went by rail to [[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth]] and [[Two Harbors, Minnesota|Two Harbors]] for ship transport east via the [[Great Lakes]].<ref name="Lass" />

Industrial development and the rise of manufacturing caused the population to shift gradually from rural areas to cities during the early 20th century. Nevertheless, farming remained prevalent. Minnesota's economy was hit hard by the [[Great Depression]], resulting in lower prices for farmers, layoffs among iron miners, and labor unrest. Compounding the adversity, western Minnesota and the Dakotas were hit by drought from 1931 to 1935. [[New Deal]] programs provided some economic turnaround. The [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] and other programs around the state established some jobs for Indians on their reservations, and the [[Indian Reorganization Act]] of 1934 provided the tribes with a mechanism of self-government. This gave Natives a greater voice within the state and promoted more respect for tribal customs because religious ceremonies and [[native language]]s were no longer suppressed.<ref name="Gilman" />

After World War II, industrial development quickened. New technology increased farm productivity through automation of [[feedlot]]s for hogs and cattle, machine milking at dairy farms, and raising chickens in large buildings. Planting became more specialized, with [[hybrid (biology)|hybridization]] of corn and wheat, and farm machinery such as [[tractor]]s and [[combine harvester|combines]] became the norm. [[University of Minnesota]] professor [[Norman Borlaug]] contributed to these developments as part of the [[Green Revolution]].<ref name="Gilman" /> Increased mobility in turn enabled more specialized jobs.<ref name="Gilman" /> Minnesota became a center of technology after World War II. [[Engineering Research Associates]] was formed in 1946 to develop computers for the [[United States Navy]]. It later merged with [[Remington Rand]], and then became [[Sperry Rand]]. [[William Norris (CEO)|William Norris]] left Sperry in 1957 to form [[Control Data Corporation]] (CDC).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hagley.lib.de.us/2015.htm |title=Engineering Research Associates Records 1946–1959 |publisher=Hagley Museum and Library |access-date=November 26, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060622021939/http://www.hagley.lib.de.us/2015.htm |archive-date=June 22, 2006 }}</ref> [[Cray]] Research was formed when [[Seymour Cray]] left CDC to form his own company. Medical device maker [[Medtronic]] also started business in the Twin Cities in 1949. The nonprofit [[Mayo Clinic]], which was founded in 1864 in [[Rochester, Minnesota|Rochester]], grew to become one of the country's leading medical systems, and, by the 21st century, Minnesota's largest private employer.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fye |first=W. Bruce |date=2010 |title=PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: The Origins and Evolution of the Mayo Clinic from 1864 to 1939: A Minnesota Family Practice Becomes an International "Medical Mecca" |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44448967 |journal=Bulletin of the History of Medicine |volume=84 |issue=3 |pages=323–357 |doi=10.1353/bhm.2010.0019 |issn=0007-5140 |jstor=44448967 |pmid=21037395 |s2cid=44839983 |access-date=June 19, 2023 |archive-date=June 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619031213/https://www.jstor.org/stable/44448967 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hoff |first=Jennifer |date=May 10, 2023 |title=Mayo Clinic, legislature standoff could lead to economic hit on Minnesota |url=https://www.kare11.com/article/news/local/mayo-clinic-legislature-standoff-could-lead-to-economic-hit-minnesota/89-665fda3f-3c47-41a4-b5c0-511907eb7255 |access-date=June 19, 2023 |website=kare11.com |language=en-US |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026185320/https://www.kare11.com/article/news/local/mayo-clinic-legislature-standoff-could-lead-to-economic-hit-minnesota/89-665fda3f-3c47-41a4-b5c0-511907eb7255 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1957, the legislature created a planning commission for the Twin Cities metropolitan area, which became the [[Metropolitan Council]] in 1967.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Gilman |first=Rhoda R. |title=The Story of Minnesota's Past |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society |year=1991 |isbn=0873512677 |location=Saint Paul, Minnesota}}</ref> In 1971, under Governor [[Wendell R. Anderson|Wendell Anderson]], a series of legislation called the "Minnesota Miracle" led to a broad reform in financing of Minnesota public schools and local governments that created a fairer distribution in taxation and education.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Berg |first=Tom |title=Minnesota's miracle: learning from the government that worked |date=2012 |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |isbn=978-0-8166-8053-5 |location=Minneapolis, MN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kenney |first1=Dave |title=Minnesota in the 70s |last2=Saylor |first2=Thomas |date=2013 |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society Press |isbn=978-0-87351-900-7 |location=St. Paul, MN}}</ref> Two postwar Minnesota governors, former dentist [[Rudy Perpich]] and former professional wrestler [[Jesse Ventura]], attracted national attention for their unconventional manner, but both enjoyed some popularity within the state.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> After a period of mostly divided government during the 21st century, the DFL ([[Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party|Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party]]) gained control of all three branches of Minnesota's government and passed significant reforms in the [[93rd Minnesota Legislature|2023 legislative session]], moving the state in a progressive direction.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last1=Bierschbach |first1=Briana |last2=Van Berkel |first2=Jessie |date=May 20, 2023 |title=Minnesota Legislature wrapping work on one of the most consequential sessions in state history |url=https://www.startribune.com/minnesota-legislature-wraps-work-on-one-of-the-most-consequential-sessions-in-state-history-tax/600276542/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521043216/https://www.startribune.com/minnesota-legislature-wraps-work-on-one-of-the-most-consequential-sessions-in-state-history-tax/600276542/ |archive-date=May 21, 2023 |access-date=May 21, 2023 |website=Star Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Berg |first=Tom |date=May 24, 2023 |title=Minnesota Miracle 2.0? Not quite, but close enough. |url=https://www.startribune.com/minnesota-miracle-2-0-not-quite-but-close-enough/600277536/ |access-date=June 18, 2023 |website=Star Tribune |archive-date=June 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618015110/https://www.startribune.com/minnesota-miracle-2-0-not-quite-but-close-enough/600277536/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Geography ==

{{Main|Geography of Minnesota}}
[[File:National-atlas-minnesota.svg|thumb|right|Scalable map of Minnesota, showing roads and major bodies of water]]

Minnesota is the second northernmost U.S. state (after [[Alaska]]) and northernmost contiguous state, as the isolated [[Northwest Angle]] in [[Lake of the Woods County]] is the only part of the 48 [[Contiguous United States|contiguous states]] north of the [[49th parallel north|49th parallel]]. The state is part of the U.S. region known as the [[Upper Midwest]] and part of North America's [[Great Lakes region (North America)|Great Lakes region]]. It shares a [[Lake Superior]] water border with [[Michigan]] and a land and water border with [[Wisconsin]] to the east. [[Iowa]] is to the south, [[North Dakota]] and [[South Dakota]] are to the west, and the [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Canadian provinces]] of [[Ontario]] and [[Manitoba]] are to the north. With {{convert|86,943|sqmi|km2}},<ref>{{cite web|title=Just the Facts |url=http://www.state.mn.us/portal/mn/jsp/content.do?id=-8542&subchannel=null&sc2=null&sc3=null&contentid=536879492&contenttype=EDITORIAL&programid=536888179&agency=NorthStar |publisher=Minnesota North Star (official state government site). |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401204836/http://www.state.mn.us/portal/mn/jsp/content.do?id=-8542&subchannel=null&sc2=null&sc3=null&contentid=536879492&contenttype=EDITORIAL&programid=536888179&agency=NorthStar |archive-date=April 1, 2009 }} Retrieved on July 4, 2009.</ref> or approximately 2.25% of the United States,<ref>{{cite web |year=2007 |title=Facts and figures |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/us/A0859662.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615062217/http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/us/minnesota-state-united-states-facts-figures.html |archive-date=June 15, 2013 |access-date=April 9, 2008 |publisher=Infoplease}}</ref> Minnesota is the 12th-largest state.<ref>{{cite web| title = Land and Water Area of States, 2008| publisher = Information Please| year = 2011| url = http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108355.html| access-date = October 13, 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130720013202/http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108355.html| archive-date = July 20, 2013| url-status = live}}</ref>

=== Geology ===

{{Main|Geology of Minnesota}}
{{See also|List of lakes in Minnesota|List of Minnesota rivers}}

[[File:StLouisRiver JayCooke.JPG|thumb|right|Tilted beds of the Middle [[Precambrian]] Thomson Formation in [[Jay Cooke State Park]]<ref name="MNGeog">{{cite book | last = Ojakangas | first = Richard W. |author2=Charles L. Matsch | others = Illus. Dan Breedy | title = Minnesota's Geology | year = 1982 | publisher = [[University of Minnesota Press]] | location= Minneapolis, Minnesota | isbn = 978-0-8166-0953-6}}</ref>]]

Minnesota has some of the earth's oldest rocks, [[gneiss]]es that are about 3.6{{spaces}}billion years old (80% as old as the planet).<ref name="MNGeog" /><ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web | title = Geologic Time: Age of the Earth | publisher = United States Geological Survey | date = October 9, 1997 | url = http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/age.html | access-date = April 9, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051223072700/http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/age.html | archive-date = December 23, 2005 | url-status = live }}</ref> About 2.7{{spaces}}billion years ago [[basalt]]ic [[lava]] poured out of cracks in the floor of the primordial [[ocean]]; the remains of this [[volcano|volcanic]] rock formed the [[Canadian Shield]] in northeast Minnesota.<ref name="MNGeog" /><ref name="Compass">{{cite book | last = Breining | first = Greg | title = Compass American Guides: Minnesota, 3rd Edition | edition = 3rd | publisher = [[Fodor's|Compass American Guides]] | date = December 2005 | isbn = 978-1-4000-1484-2 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/minnesota0003brei }}</ref> The roots of these volcanic mountains and the action of [[Precambrian]] seas formed the [[Iron Range]] of northern Minnesota. Since a period of [[volcanism]] 1.1{{spaces}}billion years ago, Minnesota's geological activity has been more subdued, with no volcanism or mountain formation, but with repeated incursions of the sea, which left behind multiple strata of [[sedimentary rock]].<ref name="MNGeog" />

In [[Glacial history of Minnesota|more recent times]], massive ice sheets at least one kilometer thick ravaged the state's landscape and sculpted its terrain.<ref name="MNGeog" /> The [[Wisconsin glaciation]] left 12,000 years ago.<ref name="MNGeog" /> These glaciers covered all of Minnesota except the far southeast, an area characterized by steep hills and streams that cut into the [[bedrock]]. This area is known as the [[Coulee Region|Driftless Zone]] for its absence of [[drift (geology)|glacial drift]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Natural history – Minnesota's geology |publisher=Minnesota DNR |url=http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/snas/naturalhistory.html |year=2008 |access-date=April 9, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010202724/http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/snas/naturalhistory.html |archive-date=October 10, 2006 }}</ref> Much of the remainder of the state has 50 feet (15{{spaces}}m) or more of [[glacial till]] left behind as the last glaciers retreated. Gigantic [[Lake Agassiz]] formed in the northwest 13,000 years ago. Its flatbed now is the fertile [[Red River of the North|Red River]] valley, and its outflow, [[glacial River Warren]], carved the valley of the [[Minnesota River]] and the Upper Mississippi downstream from [[Fort Snelling]].<ref name="MNGeog" /> Minnesota is geologically quiet today; it experiences [[earthquake]]s infrequently, most of them minor.<ref>{{cite web|title=Table Showing Minnesota Earthquakes |publisher=University of Minnesota, Morris |url=http://www.mrs.umn.edu/earthquakes/MNeqchart.html |access-date=April 9, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327204634/http://www.mrs.umn.edu/earthquakes/MNeqchart.html |archive-date=March 27, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Palisade, Shovel Point (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|[[Palisade Head]] on [[Lake Superior]] was formed from a [[Precambrian]] [[rhyolitic]] [[lava]] flow.<ref name="MNGeog" />]]

The state's high point is [[Eagle Mountain (Minnesota)|Eagle Mountain]] at 2,301 feet (701{{spaces}}m), which is only {{convert|13|mi|km}} away from the low point of 601 feet (183{{spaces}}m) at the shore of Lake Superior.<ref name="Compass" /><ref>{{cite web | title = {{convert|118|km|0|abbr=on}} SW of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada | website = Topographic map | publisher = U.S.G.S via terraserver.microsoft.com | date = July 1, 1964 | url = http://msrmaps.com/map.aspx?t=2&s=16&lon=-90.56700164&lat=47.79184974&w=600&h=400&opt=0 | access-date = April 13, 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131009100944/http://msrmaps.com/map.aspx?t=2&s=16&lon=-90.56700164&lat=47.79184974&w=600&h=400&opt=0 | archive-date = October 9, 2013 | url-status = live }}</ref> Notwithstanding dramatic local differences in elevation, much of the state is a gently rolling [[peneplain]].<ref name="MNGeog" />

Two major [[drainage divide]]s meet in Minnesota's northeast in rural [[Hibbing, Minnesota|Hibbing]], forming a triple [[Drainage basin|watershed]]. [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]] can follow the [[Mississippi River]] south to the [[Gulf of Mexico]], the [[Saint Lawrence Seaway]] east to the Atlantic Ocean, or the [[Canada Hudson Bay drainage|Hudson Bay watershed]] to the Arctic Ocean.<ref>{{cite web|title=Continental Divides in North Dakota and North America |publisher=National Atlas |date=October 2, 2007 |url=http://nationalatlas.gov/articles/geology/a_continentalDiv.html |access-date=April 9, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513163803/http://nationalatlas.gov/articles/geology/a_continentalDiv.html |archive-date=May 13, 2008 }}</ref>

The state's nickname "Land of 10,000 Lakes" is apt, as there are 11,842 [[Minnesota lakes]] over {{convert|10|acre|ha|0}} in size.<ref name="dnr">{{cite web | title = Lakes, rivers & wetlands | website = MN Facts | publisher = Minnesota DNR | year = 2008 | url = http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/faq/mnfacts/water.html | access-date = April 9, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130629143248/http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/faq/mnfacts/water.html | archive-date = June 29, 2013 | url-status = live }}</ref> Minnesota's portion of Lake Superior is the largest at {{convert|962,700|acre|ha km2}} and deepest (at {{convert|1290|ft|m|abbr=on}}) body of water in the state.<ref name="dnr" /> Minnesota has 6,564 natural rivers and streams that cumulatively flow for {{convert|69,000|mi|km}}.<ref name="dnr" /> The Mississippi River begins its journey from its [[headwaters]] at [[Lake Itasca]] and crosses the Iowa border {{convert|680|mi|km}} downstream.<ref name="dnr" /> It is joined by the [[Minnesota River]] at Fort Snelling, by the [[St. Croix River (Wisconsin-Minnesota)|St. Croix River]] near [[Hastings, Minnesota|Hastings]], by the [[Chippewa River (Wisconsin)|Chippewa River]] at [[Wabasha, MN|Wabasha]], and by many smaller streams. The Red River drains the northwest part of the state northward toward Canada's Hudson Bay. Approximately {{convert|10.6|e6acre|ha km2}} of wetlands are within Minnesota's borders, the most of any state outside Alaska.<ref name="weatheralmanac">{{cite book | last = Seeley | first = Mark W. | title = Minnesota Weather Almanac | publisher = [[Minnesota Historical Society]] press | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-87351-554-2 | url = https://archive.org/details/minnesotaweather0000seel }}</ref>

=== Flora and fauna ===

{{Main|Natural history of Minnesota}}

Minnesota has four ecological provinces: [[prairie]] parkland, in the southwestern and western parts of the state; the [[Temperate deciduous forest|eastern broadleaf forest]] ([[Big Woods]]) in the southeast, extending in a narrowing strip to the state's northwestern part, where it transitions into [[Tallgrass Aspen Parkland|tallgrass aspen parkland]]; and the northern [[Laurentian Mixed Forest Province|Laurentian mixed forest]], a transitional forest between the northern [[Taiga|boreal forest]] and the broadleaf forests to the south.<ref>[http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/natural_resources/ecs/province.pdf Ecological Provinces] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020104611/http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/natural_resources/ecs/province.pdf |date=October 20, 2017 }}, ''Ecological Classification System'', [[Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]] (1999). Retrieved on May 3, 2008.</ref> These northern forests are a vast wilderness of [[pine]] and [[spruce]] trees mixed with patchy stands of [[birch]] and [[Populus|poplar]].

Much of Minnesota's northern forest has undergone logging, leaving only a few patches of [[old growth forest]] today in areas such as the [[Chippewa National Forest]] and the [[Superior National Forest]], where the [[Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness]] has some {{convert|400000|acres|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} of unlogged land.<ref name="Heinselman">{{cite book | title = The Boundary Waters Wilderness Ecosystem | last = Heinselman | first = Miron | publisher = University of Minnesota Press | location = Minneapolis, Minnesota | year = 1996 |isbn = 978-0-8166-2805-6}}</ref> Although logging continues, regrowth and replanting keep about [[Forest cover by state and territory in the United States|a third of the state forested]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Bewer | first = Tim | title = Moon Handbooks Minnesota | publisher = Avalon Travel Publishing | year = 2004 | edition = First | isbn = 978-1-56691-482-6 | url = https://archive.org/details/minnesota00bewe }}</ref> Nearly all Minnesota's prairies and [[oak savanna]]s have been fragmented by farming, grazing, logging, and suburban development.<ref>{{cite web | title = Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition (NA0415) | website = Terrestrial Ecoregions | publisher = [[World Wildlife Fund]] | year = 2001 | url = http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/na/na0415_full.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20010429031358/http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/na/na0415_full.html | archive-date=April 29, 2001| access-date = September 3, 2012}} (archived from original June 11, 2008).</ref>

While loss of habitat has affected native animals such as the [[American marten|pine marten]], [[elk]], [[Migratory Woodland Caribou|woodland caribou]], and [[American bison|bison]],<ref>Bison disappeared in the mid-19th century; the last bison was reported in southwest Minnesota in 1879. {{cite book|title=Big Game in Minnesota, Technical Bulletin, no. 9|last=Moyle|first=J. B.|publisher=Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Game and Fish, Section of Research and Planning|year=1965|page=172}} As referenced in {{cite book|title=Southwestern Minnesota Archaeology|last=Anfinson|first=Scott F.|publisher=[[Minnesota Historical Society]]|location=St. Paul, Minnesota|year=1997|isbn=978-0-87351-355-5|page=20}}</ref> others like [[whitetail deer]] and [[bobcat]] thrive. Minnesota has the nation's largest [[Repopulation of wolves in Midwestern United States|population of timber wolves]] outside Alaska,<ref>[http://www.fws.gov/home/feature/2007/gray_wolf_factsheet.pdf Gray Wolf Factsheet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020104610/https://www.fws.gov/home/feature/2007/gray_wolf_factsheet.pdf |date=October 20, 2017 }}, [[U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]] (January 2007). Retrieved on May 3, 2008.</ref> and supports healthy populations of [[American black bear|black bears]], [[moose]], and [[gopher]]s. Located on the [[Mississippi Flyway]], Minnesota hosts migratory waterfowl such as [[Goose|geese]] and [[duck]]s, and game birds such as [[grouse]], [[pheasant]]s, and [[Turkey (bird)|turkeys]]. It is home to [[bird of prey|birds of prey]], including the largest number of breeding pairs of [[bald eagle]]s in the lower 48 states as of 2007,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/birds/bald_eagle/report/index.html|title=Center for Biological Diversity|website=www.biologicaldiversity.org|access-date=December 15, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323072614/http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/birds/bald_eagle/report/index.html|archive-date=March 23, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[red-tailed Hawk|red-tailed hawks]], and [[snowy owl]]s. [[Hawk Ridge, Duluth|Hawk Ridge]] is one of the premier birdwatching sites in North America. The lakes teem with sport fish such as [[walleye]], [[bass (fish)|bass]], [[muskellunge]], and [[northern pike]], while [[brook trout|brook]], [[brown trout|brown]], and [[rainbow trout]] populate streams in the southeast and northeast.

=== Climate ===

{{Main|Climate of Minnesota}}
[[File:Minnesota Köppen.svg|thumb|[[Köppen climate classification|Köppen climate types]] of Minnesota]]

Minnesota experiences [[List of Minnesota weather records|temperature extremes]] characteristic of its [[continental climate]], with cold winters and hot summers. The lowest temperature recorded was {{convert|-60|F|C}} at [[Tower, Minnesota|Tower]] on February 2, 1996, and the highest was {{convert|114|F|C}} at [[Moorhead, Minnesota|Moorhead]] on July 6, 1936.<ref name="extremes">{{cite web|title=Minnesota climate extremes |publisher=University of Minnesota |url=http://climate.umn.edu/doc/historical/extremes.htm |access-date=May 3, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061005084248/http://www.climate.umn.edu/doc/historical/extremes.htm |archive-date=October 5, 2006 }}</ref> Meteorological events include rain, snow, blizzards, thunderstorms, hail, [[derecho]]s, tornadoes, and high-velocity [[Downburst|straight-line winds]]. The growing season varies from 90 days in the far northeast to 160 days in southeast Minnesota near the Mississippi River, and average temperatures range from {{convert|37|to|49|F|C}}.<ref name="noaa">{{cite web | title = Climate of Minnesota | publisher = National Weather Service Forecast Office | url = http://www5.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_MN_01.pdf| access-date = May 3, 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080528042433/http://www5.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim60/states/Clim_MN_01.pdf |archive-date = May 28, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Average summer [[dew point|dewpoints]] range from about {{convert|58|F|C}} in the south to about {{convert|48|F|C}} in the north.<ref name="noaa" /><ref>{{cite web|title=104 Years of Twin Cities Dew Point Temperature Records: 1902–2006 |publisher=Minnesota Climatology Office |date=March 7, 2006 |url=http://climate.umn.edu/doc/twin_cities/mspdewpoint.htm |access-date=April 6, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070526112144/http://climate.umn.edu/doc/twin_cities/mspdewpoint.htm |archive-date=May 26, 2007 }}</ref> Average annual precipitation ranges from {{convert|19|to|35|in|cm}}, and droughts occur every 10 to 50 years.<ref name="noaa" />

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"
|+Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in Minnesota<ref name="Minnesota climate averages">{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/city.php3?c=US&s=MN&statename=Minnesota-United-States-of-America|title=Minnesota climate averages|publisher=Weatherbase|access-date=November 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009031433/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/city.php3?c=US&s=MN&statename=Minnesota-United-States-of-America|archive-date=October 9, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!Location
!July (°F)
!July (°C)
!January (°F)
!January (°C)
|-
|[[Minneapolis, Minnesota|Minneapolis]] || 83/64 || 28/18 || 23/7 || −4/−13
|-
|[[Saint Paul, Minnesota|Saint Paul]] || 83/63 || 28/17 || 23/6 || −5/−14
|-
|[[Rochester, Minnesota|Rochester]] || 82/63 || 28/17 || 23/3 || −5/−16
|-
|[[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth]] || 76/55 || 24/13 || 19/1 || −7/−17
|-
|[[St. Cloud, Minnesota|St. Cloud]] || 81/58 || 27/14 || 18/−1 || −7/−18
|-
|[[Mankato, Minnesota|Mankato]] || 86/62 || 30/16 || 23/3 || −5/−16
|-
|[[International Falls, Minnesota|International Falls]] || 77/52 || 25/11 || 15/−6 || −9/−21
|}

=== Protected lands ===

[[File:Pose lake Minnesota.jpg|thumb|right|Pose Lake in the [[Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness]]]]

Minnesota's first state park, [[Itasca State Park]], was established in 1891, and is the [[source (river or stream)|source]] of the Mississippi River.<ref>{{cite web | title = Itasca State Park | publisher = Minnesota Department of Natural Resources | url = http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/state_parks/itasca/narrative.html | access-date = May 3, 2008 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080403192641/http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/state_parks/itasca/narrative.html | archive-date = April 3, 2008 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Today Minnesota has [[List of Minnesota state parks|72 state parks]] and recreation areas, [[List of Minnesota state forests|58 state forests]] covering about four million acres (16,000{{spaces}}km2), and numerous state wildlife preserves, all managed by the [[Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]]. The [[Chippewa National Forest|Chippewa]] and [[Superior National Forest|Superior national forests]] comprise {{convert|5.5|e6acre}}. The Superior National Forest in the northeast contains the [[Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness]], which encompasses over a million acres (4,000{{spaces}}km2) and a thousand lakes. To its west is [[Voyageurs National Park]]. The [[Mississippi National River and Recreation Area]] (MNRRA) is a {{convert|72|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}} corridor along the Mississippi River through the Minneapolis–St. Paul Metropolitan Area connecting a variety of sites of historic, cultural, and geologic interest.<ref>{{cite web|title=Places To Go|url=http://www.nps.gov/miss/planyourvisit/placestogo.htm|publisher=National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior|access-date=May 3, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413225513/http://www.nps.gov/miss/planyourvisit/placestogo.htm|archive-date=April 13, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cities and towns ==

{{See also|List of cities in Minnesota|List of townships in Minnesota}}
[[File:OwatonnaBank.JPG|thumb|right|[[National Farmers Bank]] in [[Owatonna, Minnesota|Owatonna]] by [[Louis Sullivan]]]]

[[Saint Paul, Minnesota|Saint Paul]], in east-central Minnesota along the banks of the Mississippi River, has been Minnesota's [[List of capitals in the United States|capital city]] since 1849, first as capital of the [[Territory of Minnesota]], and then as the state capital since 1858.

Saint Paul is adjacent to Minnesota's most populous city, Minneapolis; they and their suburbs are collectively known as the [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul#Combined Statistical Area|Twin Cities metropolitan area]], the country's 16th-largest metropolitan area and home to about 55% of the state's population.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hibbs |first1=James |title=Analysis of the 2015 Population and Household Estimates |url=https://mn.gov/admin/assets/analysis-2015-population-household-estimates-msdc-nov2016_tcm36-270612.pdf |website=Demographic Reports and Analysis |publisher=Minnesota State Demographics Center |access-date=June 28, 2018 |page=2 |format=Presentation |date=November 1, 2016 |quote=Minnesota's estimated population in 2015 is 5,485,238. Over half (54.8%) of Minnesota's population lives in the seven Twin Cities area counties that make up Region 11. The population of Region 11 has surpassed three million. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628184332/https://mn.gov/admin/assets/analysis-2015-population-household-estimates-msdc-nov2016_tcm36-270612.pdf |archive-date=June 28, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The remainder of the state is known as "[[Regions of Minnesota|Greater Minnesota]]" or "Outstate Minnesota".<ref>{{cite web |title=Greater Minnesota Refined and Revisited |url=https://mn.gov/admin/assets/greater-mn-refined-and-revisited-msdc-jan2017_tcm36-273216.pdf |website=Minnesota State Demographics Center |publisher=State of Minnesota: Department of Administration |access-date=June 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628181622/https://mn.gov/admin/assets/greater-mn-refined-and-revisited-msdc-jan2017_tcm36-273216.pdf |archive-date=June 28, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The state has 17 cities with populations above 50,000 as of the 2010 census. In descending order of population, they are [[Minneapolis, Minnesota|Minneapolis]], [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|Saint Paul]], [[Rochester, Minnesota|Rochester]], [[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth]], [[Bloomington, Minnesota|Bloomington]], [[Brooklyn Park, Minnesota|Brooklyn Park]], [[Plymouth, Minnesota|Plymouth]], [[St. Cloud, Minnesota|Saint Cloud]], [[Woodbury, Minnesota|Woodbury]], [[Eagan, Minnesota|Eagan]], [[Maple Grove, Minnesota|Maple Grove]], [[Coon Rapids, Minnesota|Coon Rapids]], [[Eden Prairie, Minnesota|Eden Prairie]], [[Minnetonka, MN|Minnetonka]], [[Burnsville, Minnesota|Burnsville]], [[Apple Valley, Minnesota|Apple Valley]], [[Blaine, Minnesota|Blaine]], and [[Lakeville, Minnesota|Lakeville]].<ref name="popest">{{cite web|title=Population Estimates |publisher=Minnesota Demographic Center |url=http://www.demography.state.mn.us/estimates.html |access-date=April 7, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307174342/http://www.demography.state.mn.us/estimates.html |archive-date=March 7, 2008 }}</ref> Of these, only Rochester, Duluth, and Saint Cloud are outside the Twin Cities metropolitan area.

Minnesota's population continues to grow, primarily in the urban centers. The populations of metropolitan [[Sherburne County, Minnesota|Sherburne]] and [[Scott County, Minnesota|Scott]] counties doubled between 1980 and 2000, while 40 of the state's 87 counties lost residents over the same period.<ref name="EIA">{{cite web|title=Environmental Information Report, App. D Socioeconomic Information |publisher=Minnesota Pollution Control Agency |date=May 30, 2003 |url=http://www.pca.state.mn.us/publications/reports/eir-appendix-e.pdf |access-date=April 7, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406011936/http://www.pca.state.mn.us/publications/reports/eir-appendix-e.pdf |archive-date=April 6, 2008 }}</ref>
{{Largest cities
| country = Minnesota
| stat_ref = Source:<ref name="QuickFacts">{{cite web |title=QuickFacts |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/brooklynparkcityminnesota,duluthcityminnesota,bloomingtoncityminnesota,rochestercityminnesota,stpaulcityminnesota,minneapoliscityminnesota/POP010220 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 1, 2023}}</ref>
| list_by_pop = List of cities in Minnesota
| div_name =
| div_link = List of counties in Minnesota{{!}}County
| city_1 = Minneapolis
| div_1 = Hennepin County, Minnesota{{!}}Hennepin
| pop_1 = 425,336
| img_1 = Minneapolis skyline 51.JPG
| city_2 = Saint Paul, Minnesota{{!}}Saint Paul
| div_2 = Ramsey County, Minnesota{{!}}Ramsey
| pop_2 = 307,193
| img_2 = Saint paul mn.jpg
| city_3 = Rochester, Minnesota{{!}}Rochester
| div_3 = Olmsted County, Minnesota{{!}}Olmsted
| pop_3 = 121,465
| img_3 = SkylineRochesterMNreflectected.JPG
| city_4 = Bloomington, Minnesota{{!}}Bloomington
| div_4 = Hennepin County, Minnesota{{!}}Hennepin
| pop_4 = 89,298
| img_4 = Bloomingtontownhall.jpg
| city_5 = Duluth, Minnesota{{!}}Duluth
| div_5 = St. Louis County, Minnesota{{!}}St. Louis
| pop_5 = 86,372
| img_5 =
| city_6 = Brooklyn Park, Minnesota{{!}}Brooklyn Park
| div_6 = Hennepin County, Minnesota{{!}}Hennepin
| pop_6 = 84,526
| img_6 =
| city_7 = Plymouth, Minnesota{{!}}Plymouth
| div_7 = Hennepin County, Minnesota{{!}}Hennepin
| pop_7 = 79,828
| img_7 =
| city_8 = Woodbury, Minnesota{{!}}Woodbury
| div_8 = Washington County, Minnesota{{!}}Washington
| pop_8 = 76,990
| img_8 =
| city_9 = Lakeville, Minnesota{{!}}Lakeville
| div_9 = Dakota County, Minnesota{{!}}Dakota
| pop_9 = 72,812
| img_9 =
| city_10 = Blaine, Minnesota{{!}}Blaine
| div_10 = Anoka County, Minnesota{{!}}Anoka
| pop_10 = 70,935
| img_10 =
}}

The United States Navy has recognized
[[List of naval ships named for Minnesota|multiple Minnesota communities]].

== Demographics ==
{{Main|Demographics of Minnesota}}
=== Overview ===
[[File:Minnesota 2020 Population Density.png|thumb|right|Minnesota 2020 Population Density Map]]
{{US Census population
|1850= 6077
|1860= 172023
|1870= 439706
|1880= 780773
|1890= 1310283
|1900= 1751394
|1910= 2075708
|1920= 2387125
|1930= 2563953
|1940= 2792300
|1950= 2982483
|1960= 3413864
|1970= 3804971
|1980= 4075970
|1990= 4375099
|2000= 4919479
|2010= 5303925
|2020= 5706494
|estimate= 5717184
|estyear= 2022
|align-fn=center
|footnote=Source: 1910–2020<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical Population Change Data (1910–2020) |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |website=Census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 1, 2021 |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429012609/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2022 Estimate<ref name="2022 Estimate"/>
}}
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]] and the Minnesota State Demographic Center, Minnesota had a population of about 5.7 million in 2020, making it the 22nd-most populous U.S. state.<ref name="PopEstUS">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/MN,US/PST045222|title=QuickFacts Minnesota; UNITED STATES|website=2022 Population Estimates|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division|date=January 1, 2023|access-date=January 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011526/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/MN,US/PST045222|archive-date=February 12, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Its fertility rate in 2021 was slightly below the replacement rate at 1.75, but the state has seen growth over the past century through more births than deaths, and significant immigration.<ref name="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2018 y464">{{cite web | title=Stats of the State of Minnesota | website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | date=April 5, 2018 | url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/states/minnesota/minnesota.htm | access-date=July 11, 2023 | archive-date=July 11, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711002517/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/states/minnesota/minnesota.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> A destination for European immigrants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, primarily from [[Scandinavia]], [[Germany]], and [[Ireland]], it now attracts people from [[Latin America]], primarily Mexico; [[East Africa]], particularly [[Somalis]]; and [[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asia]], especially [[Hmong people|Hmong]], [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]], and [[Indian people|Indians]].<ref name="Immigration Language MN">{{cite web | title=Immigration & Language | website=Minnesota State Demographic Center | url=https://mn.gov/admin/demography/data-by-topic/immigration-language/ | access-date=June 27, 2023 | archive-date=June 9, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609162359/https://mn.gov/admin/demography/data-by-topic/immigration-language/ | url-status=live }}</ref> The state has a diverse population in terms of age, birthplace, ancestry, and socioeconomic status, with a well-educated populace and a median household income around $77,000.<ref name="Census Bureau QuickFacts 2022 f936">{{cite web | title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Minnesota | website=Census Bureau QuickFacts | date=July 1, 2022 | url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/MN/INC110221 | access-date=July 11, 2023 | archive-date=January 27, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127014543/http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/MN/INC110221 | url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Race and ethnicity ===
Minnesota's racial demographics have significantly diversified since its early settlement period. As of 2020, according to U.S. census data, the white population had fallen to 77.5% from over 98% in the early to mid-20th century.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census |author= |date=August 12, 2021 |website=census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-date=August 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815165418/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Concurrently, other racial populations have markedly increased. The Black population has risen to 7%, the Asian population to 5.3%, and those identifying as two or more races to 6.1%.

{|class="wikitable sortable collapsible nowrap" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: left; display:inline-table;"
|+ '''Racial composition in 2020<ref name="Census 2020">{{cite web | last=Bureau | first=U.S. Census | title=MINNESOTA: 2020 Census | website=Census.gov | date=May 12, 2022 | url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/state-by-state/minnesota-population-change-between-census-decade.html | access-date=September 25, 2022 | archive-date=June 9, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609103749/https://www.census.gov/library/stories/state-by-state/minnesota-population-change-between-census-decade.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! Race !! Percentage
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[White Americans|White]] || 77.5%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[African American|Black or African American]] || 7.0%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian ]] || 1.2%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Asian American|Asian]] || 5.3%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Pacific Islander American|Pacific Islander]] || 0.1%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Other race]] || 3.2%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Multiracial American|Two or more races]] || 6.1%
|}

According to the 2017 [[American Community Survey]], 5.1% of Minnesota's population were of [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] origin (of any race): [[Mexican American|Mexican]] (3.5%), [[Puerto Ricans|Puerto Rican]] (0.2%), [[Cuban American|Cuban]] (0.1%), and other Hispanic or Latino origin (1.2%).<ref name="ACS2016DEMO">{{cite web |title=2016 American Community Survey – Demographic and Housing Estimates |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_5YR/DP05/0400000US27 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=November 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213005744/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_5YR/DP05/0400000US27 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The ancestry groups claimed by more than 5% of the population were [[German Americans|German]] (33.8%), [[Norwegian American|Norwegian]] (15.3%), [[Irish American|Irish]] (10.5%), [[Swedish American|Swedish]] (8.1%), and [[English American|English]] (5.4%).<ref>{{cite web |title=2016 American Community Survey – Selected Social Characteristics |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_5YR/DP02/0400000US27 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=November 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213005732/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_5YR/DP02/0400000US27 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Minnesota has the country's largest [[Somalis|Somali]] population, and the largest Hmong population per capita.<ref name="Imgpnanss">[http://www.immigrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/docs/New_Americans_in_the_North_Star_State_2009.pdf New Americans in the North Star State] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226202334/http://immigrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/docs/New_Americans_in_the_North_Star_State_2009.pdf |date=December 26, 2013 }}</ref>

=== Religion ===
[[File:St Paul Cathedral 2012.jpg|thumb|right|150px|The [[French Renaissance architecture|French Renaissance]] style [[Cathedral of Saint Paul, National Shrine of the Apostle Paul|Cathedral of St. Paul]] in the city of St. Paul]]

Minnesota's religious landscape is also diverse, having evolved significantly over its history. The area's first Christian influence came from Catholic missionaries in the 17th and 18th centuries. 19th-century European settlers, especially Scandinavians, established Protestant denominations, particularly [[Lutheranism]]. [[Catholicism]] also continued to be significant due to Irish immigrants, and the [[Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis]] serves a substantial Catholic community. The 20th and 21st centuries witnessed growth in other Christian denominations and non-Christian religions due to further immigration, leading to the establishment of [[Buddhism|Buddhist]], Hmong, and [[Islam|Muslim]] communities, as well as a sizable [[Judaism|Jewish]] community.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.salatomatic.com/c/Minneapolis-St-Paul+42|title=Mosques and Islamic schools in Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minnesota – salatomatic.com: your guide to mosques & Islamic schools|access-date=October 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528005623/http://www.salatomatic.com/c/Minneapolis-St-Paul+42|archive-date=May 28, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite book| last =Gilman| first =Rhonda R.| title =The Story of Minnesota's Past| publisher =Minnesota Historical Society Press| year =1989| location =Saint Paul, Minnesota| page =99| isbn =978-0-87351-267-1}}</ref> A growing number of people identify as [[Irreligion|non-religious]], in line with national trends. As of 2014, 74% of Minnesotans identified as Christian, 5% belonged to non-Christian faiths, and 20% identified as religiously unaffiliated, according to the Pew Research Center.<ref>{{cite web | title = Religious Composition of Minnesota | website = Maps, U.S. Religious Landscape Survey | publisher = [[Pew Research Center]] | year = 2010 | url = http://religions.pewforum.org/maps | access-date = March 19, 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150506033840/http://religions.pewforum.org/maps | archive-date = May 6, 2015 | url-status = live }}</ref>

== Economy ==

{{Main|Economy of Minnesota}}
{{See also|List of Minnesota locations by per capita income}}

Once primarily a producer of raw materials, Minnesota's economy has transformed to emphasize finished products and services. Perhaps the most significant characteristic of the economy is its diversity; the relative outputs of its business sectors closely match the United States as a whole.<ref>{{cite web|title=Environmental Information Report, App. D Socioeconomic Information |date=May 30, 2003 |place=[[United States of America|US]], MN |url=http://www.pca.state.mn.us/publications/reports/eir-appendix-e.pdf |access-date=November 19, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205204209/http://www.pca.state.mn.us/publications/reports/eir-appendix-e.pdf |archive-date=February 5, 2007 }}</ref> Minnesota's economy had a [[gross domestic product]] of $383{{spaces}}billion in 2019,<ref>{{cite web |title=Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State |publisher=Bureau of Economic Analysis |date=October 2, 2020 |url=https://apps.bea.gov/itable/iTable.cfm?ReqID=70&step=1#reqid=70&step=1&isuri=1 |place=US |access-date=November 10, 2020 |archive-date=October 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023080037/https://apps.bea.gov/itable/iTable.cfm?ReqID=70&step=1#reqid=70&step=1&isuri=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> with 33 of the United States' top 1,000 publicly traded companies by revenue headquartered in Minnesota,<ref>{{cite web | url = https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2008/states/MN.html | website = Fortune 500 | year = 2006 | title = States | publisher = CNN Money | access-date = March 25, 2009 | archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/6HZRTW3wV?url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2008/states/MN.html | archive-date = June 22, 2013 | url-status = live }}</ref> including [[Target Corporation|Target]], [[UnitedHealth Group]], [[3M]], [[General Mills]], [[U.S. Bancorp]], [[Ameriprise]], [[Hormel]], [[Land O' Lakes]], [[SuperValu (United States)|SuperValu]], [[Best Buy]], and [[Valspar]]. Private companies based in Minnesota include [[Cargill]], the largest privately owned company in the United States,<ref>{{cite web | author= Forbes | title= Largest US Private Cos | website= [[Forbes]] | url= https://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/21/privates08_Cargill_5ZUZ.html | year= 2008 | access-date= January 25, 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090122061017/http://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/21/privates08_Cargill_5ZUZ.html | archive-date= January 22, 2009 | url-status= live }}</ref> and [[Carlson Companies]], the parent company of [[Radisson Hotels]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Our Brands |publisher=Carlson Companies |url=http://www.carlson.com/brands/index.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024112507/http://carlson.com/brands/index.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 24, 2007 |access-date=January 5, 2010 }}</ref>

Minnesota's [[List of U.S. states by income|per capita personal income]] in 2019 was $58,834, the thirteenth-highest in the nation.<ref>{{cite web | title = State Personal Income 2019 | place = US | publisher = Bureau of Economic Analysis | url = https://apps.bea.gov/regional/bearfacts/action.cfm | access-date = November 10, 2020 | df = mdy-all | archive-date = October 22, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181022232802/https://apps.bea.gov/regional/bearfacts/action.cfm | url-status = live }}</ref> Its 2019 [[median household income]] was $74,593, ranking thirteenth in the U.S. and fifth among the 36 states not on the Atlantic coast.<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2019-median-household-income.html | title= United States and States – R2001. Median Household Income | newspaper= Census.gov | publisher= Census Bureau | access-date= November 10, 2020 | place= US | archive-date= November 16, 2020 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201116233552/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2019-median-household-income.html | url-status= live }}</ref>

=== Industry and commerce ===

[[File:IDS reflecting Wells Fargo.jpg|upright|thumb|The [[IDS Tower]], designed by [[Philip Johnson]], is the state's tallest building,<ref>{{Cite news| last = Coleman| first = Nick| title = Capella Tower sports a cap, but it can't topple the IDS| work = Star Tribune| date = March 24, 2008| url = http://www.startribune.com/featuredColumns/16942626.html| access-date = November 19, 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121126040508/http://www.startribune.com/featuredColumns/16942626.html| archive-date = November 26, 2012| url-status = live}}</ref> reflecting [[César Pelli]]'s [[Art Deco]]-style [[Wells Fargo Center (Minneapolis)|Wells Fargo Center]].]]

Minnesota's earliest industries were fur trading and agriculture. Minneapolis grew around the flour mills powered by [[St. Anthony Falls]]. Although less than 1% of the population is now employed in the agricultural sector,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US27&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_DP3&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-_lang=en&-_sse=on |title=Minnesota – DP-3. Profile of Selected Economic Characteristics: 2000 |place=US |publisher=Census Bureau |access-date=November 26, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212041913/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US27&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_DP3&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-_lang=en&-_sse=on |archive-date=February 12, 2020 }}</ref> it remains a major part of the state's economy, ranking sixth in the nation in the value of products sold.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.nass.usda.gov/census/census02/profiles/mn/cp99027.PDF | title=Census of Agriculture, Minnesota State Profile | place = US | publisher = Department of Agriculture | access-date = December 3, 2006|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061001103025/http://www.nass.usda.gov/census/census02/profiles/mn/cp99027.PDF |archive-date = October 1, 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref> The state is the nation's largest producer of [[sugar beet]]s, [[sweet corn]], and [[pea]]s for processing, and farm-raised [[Turkey (bird)|turkeys]]. Minnesota is also a large producer of corn and soybeans,<ref name="resources">{{cite web | url = http://www.deed.state.mn.us/whymn/resources.htm | title = Wealth of Resources | publisher = Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development | access-date = November 26, 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061212194851/http://www.deed.state.mn.us/whymn/resources.htm | archive-date = December 12, 2006 | url-status = live }}</ref> and has the most food [[List of food cooperatives#United States|cooperatives]] per capita in the United States.<ref>{{cite news|title= The Co-Op Advantage|url= http://www.minnesotamonthly.com/media/Minnesota-Monthly/August-2008/Twin-Cities-Fresh-Taste-Festival/The-Co-Op-Advantage/|date= August 2008|publisher= Greenspring|work= Minnesota Monthly|access-date= February 10, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130115143853/http://www.minnesotamonthly.com/media/Minnesota-Monthly/August-2008/Twin-Cities-Fresh-Taste-Festival/The-Co-Op-Advantage/|archive-date= January 15, 2013|url-status=dead|df= mdy-all}}</ref> [[Forestry]] remains strong, including [[logging]], [[pulpwood]] processing and paper production, and forest products manufacturing. Minnesota was famous for its soft-ore mines, which produced a significant portion of the world's [[iron ore]] for more than a century. Although the high-grade ore is now depleted, [[taconite]] mining continues, using processes developed locally to save the industry. In 2016 the state produced 60% of the country's usable iron ore.<ref name="resources" /> The mining boom created the port of Duluth, which continues to be important for shipping ore, coal, and agricultural products. The manufacturing sector now includes technology and [[biomedical]] firms, in addition to the older food processors and heavy industry. The nation's first indoor [[shopping mall]] was [[Edina, Minnesota|Edina's]] [[Southdale Center]], and its largest is Bloomington's [[Mall of America]].

Minnesota is one of 45 U.S. states with its [[Minnesota State Lottery|own lottery]]; its games include [[Multi-State Lottery Association|multi-jurisdiction draws]], in-house draws, and other games.

=== Energy use and production ===

{{Further|List of power stations in Minnesota}}

Minnesota produces [[ethanol fuel]] and is the first to mandate its use, a 10% mix ([[E10 fuel|E10]]).<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ethanolproducer.com/article.jsp?article_id=1905 |publisher= Ethanol Producer Magazine |title= Hawaii to meet E10 mandate with imported ethanol |access-date= December 3, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130612002534/http://www.ethanolproducer.com/articles/1905/hawaii-to-meet-e10-mandate-with-imported-ethanol/ |archive-date= June 12, 2013 |url-status= live }}</ref> In 2019 there were more than 411 service stations supplying [[E85]] fuel, comprising 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://afdc.energy.gov/stations/states |title= Alternative Fueling Station Counts by State| publisher = US Department of Energy| access-date=February 24, 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190211145220/https://afdc.energy.gov/stations/states |archive-date = February 11, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> A 2% [[biodiesel]] blend has been required in [[diesel fuel]] since 2005. Minnesota is ranked in the top ten for wind energy production. The state gets nearly one-fifth of all its electrical energy from wind.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eia.gov/state/analysis.php?sid=MN|title=Minnesota: Profile Analysis|date=March 15, 2018|publisher=U.S. Energy Information Administration|access-date=September 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929000256/https://www.eia.gov/state/analysis.php?sid=MN|archive-date=September 29, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Xcel Energy]] is the state's largest utility and is headquartered in the state;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Xcel quarterly profits up 35%, buoyed by rate increases|url=https://www.startribune.com/xcel-quarterly-profits-up-35-buoyed-by-rate-increases/567423812/|website=Star Tribune|access-date=May 1, 2020|archive-date=February 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200209113328/http://www.startribune.com/xcel-quarterly-profits-up-35-buoyed-by-rate-increases/567423812/|url-status=live}}</ref> it is one of five investor-owned utilities.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=About MN's Municipal Utilities :: Minnesota Municipal Utilities Association|url=https://www.mmua.org/about/about-mns-municipal-utilities|website=www.mmua.org|access-date=May 1, 2020|archive-date=March 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303105555/https://www.mmua.org/about/about-mns-municipal-utilities|url-status=live}}</ref> There are also a number of municipal utilities.<ref name=":0" />

=== State taxes ===

Minnesota has a [[progressive income tax]] structure; the four brackets of state [[income tax]] rates are 5.35%, 7.05%, 7.85%, and 9.85%.<ref>{{cite web | title = Minnesota Income Tax Rates and Brackets: Income Tax Rates for 2013 | place = MN | publisher = Department of Revenue | url = http://www.revenue.state.mn.us/individuals/individ_income/Pages/Minnesota_Income_Tax_Rates_and_Brackets.aspx | access-date = August 28, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921165202/http://www.revenue.state.mn.us/individuals/individ_income/Pages/Minnesota_Income_Tax_Rates_and_Brackets.aspx | archive-date = September 21, 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref> As of 2008 Minnesota was ranked 12th in the nation in per capita total state and local taxes.<ref name="TF" /> In 2008 Minnesotans paid 10.2% of their income in state and local taxes; the U.S. average was 9.7%.<ref name=TF>{{cite web|title=Minnesota's State and Local Tax Burden 1977–2008 |publisher=The Tax Foundation |access-date=June 6, 2010 |url=http://www.taxfoundation.org/taxdata/show/462.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401070951/http://www.taxfoundation.org/taxdata/show/462.html |archive-date=April 1, 2010 }}</ref> The state [[sales tax]] in Minnesota is 6.875%, but clothing, prescription drug medications and food items for home consumption are exempt.<ref name="salestax">{{cite web|title=Sales and Use Tax Instruction Book |publisher=Department of Revenue |date=July 2009 |url=http://taxes.state.mn.us/sales/Documents/sales_tax_booklet.pdf |place=MN |access-date=June 6, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027093524/http://taxes.state.mn.us/sales/Documents/sales_tax_booklet.pdf |archive-date=October 27, 2011 }}</ref> The [[Minnesota Legislature|state legislature]] may allow municipalities to institute local sales taxes and special local taxes, such as the 0.5% supplemental sales tax in Minneapolis.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://taxes.state.mn.us/taxes/sales/publications/fact_sheets_by_name/content/BAT_1100111.pdf |publisher = Department of Revenue | title= Local Sales Tax and Use |access-date=November 26, 2006 | place = MN | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061009052806/http://www.taxes.state.mn.us/taxes/sales/publications/fact_sheets_by_name/content/BAT_1100111.pdf |archive-date = October 9, 2006}}</ref> [[Excise]] taxes are levied on alcohol, tobacco, and motor fuel. The state imposes a [[use tax]] on items purchased elsewhere but used within Minnesota.<ref name="salestax" /> Owners of [[real property]] in Minnesota pay [[property tax]] to their county, municipality, school district, and special taxing districts.{{clear left}}

== Culture ==

{{Main|Culture of Minnesota|Minnesotan Cuisine}}

=== Fine and performing arts ===

[[File:Mpls arts.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Minneapolis Institute of Art]]'s [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] north facade, designed by [[McKim, Mead, and White]]]]
[[File:Menagha St. Urho.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Sculpture of [[St. Urho]] in [[Menahga, Minnesota]], in 2020]]

Minnesota's leading [[fine art]] museums include the [[Minneapolis Institute of Art]], the [[Walker Art Center]], the [[Frederick R. Weisman Art Museum]], and [[The Museum of Russian Art]] (TMORA). All are in Minneapolis. The [[Minnesota Orchestra]] and the [[Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra]] are prominent full-time professional [[musical ensemble]]s who perform concerts and offer educational programs to the Twin Cities' community. The world-renowned [[Guthrie Theater]] moved into a new Minneapolis facility in 2006, boasting three stages and overlooking the Mississippi River. Attendance at [[theatre|theatrical]], [[music]]al, and [[comedy]] events in the area is strong. In the United States, Minneapolis's number of theater companies ranks behind only [[New York City]]'s,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tormoen |first1=Erik |title=Fake News: The Twin Cities Theater Scene's Claim to Fame |url=https://www.minnesotamonthly.com/featured/fake-news-the-twin-cities-theater-scenes-claim-to-fame/ |access-date=October 12, 2020 |work=[[Minnesota Monthly]] |date=November 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118171053/https://www.minnesotamonthly.com/featured/fake-news-the-twin-cities-theater-scenes-claim-to-fame/ |archive-date=January 18, 2020}}</ref> and about 2.3{{spaces}}million theater tickets were sold in the Twin Cities annually as of 2006.<ref name="Royce">{{cite news | last = Royce | first = Graydon Royce | title = New Guthrie casts a huge shadow over theater scene | publisher = Minneapolis Star-Tribune via SavetheGuthrie.org | date = April 1, 2006 | url = http://www.savetheguthrie.org/news/royce040106.htm | access-date = May 6, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060518153633/http://www.savetheguthrie.org/news/royce040106.htm |archive-date = May 18, 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Minnesota Fringe Festival]] in Minneapolis is an annual celebration of [[theatre]], [[dance]], [[improvisation]], [[puppetry]], kids' shows, [[visual art]], and musicals with more than 800 performances over 11 days. It is the country's largest non-juried performing arts festival.<ref>{{cite web| title = How to fringe| website = Fresh Art Delivered Daily| publisher = Minnesota Fringe Festival| year = 2006 | url = http://www.fringefestival.org/new.cfm| access-date = November 22, 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061114023612/http://www.fringefestival.org/new.cfm| archive-date = November 14, 2006}}</ref>

=== Literature ===

The rigors and rewards of pioneer life on the [[prairie]] are the subject of [[Giants in the Earth (novel)|''Giants in the Earth'']] by [[Ole Rolvaag]] and the [[Little House on the Prairie|''Little House'']] series of children's books by [[Laura Ingalls Wilder]]. Small-town life is portrayed grimly by [[Sinclair Lewis]] in the novel [[Main Street (novel)|''Main Street'']], and more gently and affectionately by [[Garrison Keillor]] in his tales of [[Lake Wobegon]]. St. Paul native [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]] writes of the social insecurities and aspirations of the young city in stories such as ''[[Winter Dreams]]'' and ''The Ice Palace'' (published in ''[[Flappers and Philosophers]]''). [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]]'s epic poem ''[[The Song of Hiawatha]]'' was inspired by Minnesota and names of many of the state's places and bodies of water. Minnesota native Robert Zimmerman ([[Bob Dylan]]) won the 2016 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]. Science fiction writer [[Marissa Lingen]] lives here.

=== Entertainment ===

{{Main|Music of Minnesota}}
[[File:First Avenue nightclub.jpg|thumb|left|[[First Avenue (nightclub)|First Avenue]] nightclub, the heart of Minnesota's music community<ref name="Compass" />]]

Minnesota musicians include [[Prince (musician)|Prince]], [[Bob Dylan]], [[Eddie Cochran]], [[The Andrews Sisters]], [[The Castaways]], [[The Trashmen]], [[Soul Asylum]], [[David Ellefson]], [[Chad Smith]], [[John Wozniak]], [[Hüsker Dü]], [[Semisonic]], [[The Replacements (band)|The Replacements]], [[Owl City]], [[Holly Henry]], [[Motion City Soundtrack]], [[Atmosphere (music group)|Atmosphere]], and [[Dessa]]. Minnesotans helped shape the history of music through popular American culture: the Andrews Sisters' "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy" was an iconic tune of World War II, while the Trashmen's "Surfin' Bird" and Bob Dylan epitomize two sides of the 1960s. In the 1980s, influential hit radio groups and musicians included [[Prince (musician)|Prince]], [[The Original 7ven]], [[Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis]], [[The Jets (Minnesota band)|The Jets]], [[Lipps Inc.]], and [[Information Society (band)|Information Society]].

Minnesotans have also made significant contributions to comedy, theater, media, and film. The comic strip ''[[Peanuts]]'' was created by St. Paul native [[Charles M. Schulz]]. [[A Prairie Home Companion]] which first aired in 1974, became a long-running comedy radio show on [[National Public Radio]]. A cult [[Science fiction|sci-fi]] cable TV show, ''[[Mystery Science Theater 3000]]'', was created by [[Joel Hodgson]] in Hopkins, and Minneapolis, MN. Another popular comedy staple developed in the 1990s, ''[[The Daily Show]]'', was originated through [[Lizz Winstead]] and [[Madeleine Smithberg]].

[[Joel and Ethan Coen]], [[Terry Gilliam]], [[Bill Pohlad]], and [[Mike Todd]] contributed to the art of [[filmmaking]] as writers, directors, and producers. Notable actors from Minnesota include [[Loni Anderson]], [[Richard Dean Anderson]], [[James Arness]], [[Jessica Biel]], [[Rachael Leigh Cook]], [[Julia Duffy]], [[Mike Farrell]], [[Judy Garland]], [[Peter Graves]], [[Josh Hartnett]], [[Garrett Hedlund]], [[Tippi Hedren]], [[Jessica Lange]], [[Kelly Lynch]], [[E.G. Marshall]], [[Laura Osnes]], [[Melissa Peterman]], [[Chris Pratt]], [[Marion Ross]], [[Jane Russell]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Seann William Scott]], [[Kevin Sorbo]], [[Lea Thompson]], [[Vince Vaughn]], [[Jesse Ventura]], [[James Hong]], and [[Steve Zahn]].

=== Popular culture ===

{{See also|List of television shows and movies in Minnesota}}
[[File:MNfiddles.jpg|thumb|right|upright=.7|A youth [[fiddle]] performance at the [[Minnesota State Fair]]]]

[[Stereotype|Stereotypical]] traits of Minnesotans include "[[Minnesota nice]]", [[Lutheranism]], a strong sense of community and shared culture, and a distinctive brand of [[North Central American English]] sprinkled with [[Scandinavia]]n expressions. [[Potluck]]s, usually with a variety of [[hotdish]]es, are popular small-town church activities. A small segment of the Scandinavian population attend a traditional [[lutefisk]] dinner to celebrate Christmas. Life in Minnesota has also been depicted or used as a backdrop, in movies such as ''[[Fargo (1996 film)|Fargo]]'', ''[[Grumpy Old Men (film)|Grumpy Old Men]]'', ''[[Grumpier Old Men]]'', ''[[Juno (film)|Juno]]'', ''[[Drop Dead Gorgeous (film)|Drop Dead Gorgeous]]'', ''[[Young Adult (film)|Young Adult]]'', ''[[A Serious Man]]'', ''[[New in Town]]'', ''[[Rio (2011 film)|Rio]]'', ''[[The Mighty Ducks (film series)|The Mighty Ducks films]],'' and in famous television series like ''[[Little House on the Prairie (TV series)|Little House on the Prairie]]'', ''[[The Mary Tyler Moore Show]]'', ''[[The Golden Girls]]'', ''[[Coach (TV series)|Coach]]'', ''[[The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show]]'', ''[[How I Met Your Mother]]'' and ''[[Fargo (TV series)|Fargo]]''. Major movies shot on location in Minnesota include ''[[That Was Then... This Is Now]]'', ''[[Purple Rain (film)|Purple Rain]]'', ''[[Airport (1970 film)|Airport]]'', ''[[Beautiful Girls (film)|Beautiful Girls]]'', ''[[North Country (film)|North Country]]'', ''[[Untamed Heart]]'', ''[[Feeling Minnesota]]'', ''[[Jingle All The Way]]'', ''[[A Simple Plan (film)|A Simple Plan]]'', and ''[[The Mighty Ducks (film series)|The Mighty Ducks films]]''.

The [[Minnesota State Fair]], advertised as ''The Great Minnesota Get-Together'', is an icon of state culture. In a state of 5.5{{spaces}}million people, there were more than 1.8{{spaces}}million visitors to the fair in 2014, setting a new attendance record.<ref>{{cite web| title = General Information: Attendance| publisher = Minnesota State Fair| url = http://www.mnstatefair.org/general_info/attendance.html| access-date = December 9, 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141209164621/http://www.mnstatefair.org/general_info/attendance.html| archive-date = December 9, 2014| url-status = live}}</ref> The fair covers the variety of Minnesota life, including [[fine art]], [[science]], [[agriculture]], food preparation, [[4-H]] displays, music, [[midway (fair)|the midway]], and corporate merchandising. It is known for its displays of [[seed art]], [[butter]] sculptures of [[Princess Kay of the Milky Way|dairy princesses]], the birthing barn, and the "fattest pig" competition. One can also find dozens of varieties of food on a stick, such as [[Pronto Pup]]s, [[Cheese curds#Fried cheese curds|cheese curds]], and deep-fried candy bars. On a smaller scale, many of these attractions are offered at numerous county fairs.

Other large annual festivals include the [[Saint Paul Winter Carnival]], the [[Minnesota Renaissance Festival]], Minneapolis' [[Minneapolis Aquatennial|Aquatennial]] and Mill City Music Festival, [[Moondance Jam]] in [[Walker, Minnesota|Walker]], the [[Judy Garland]] Festival in [[Grand Rapids, Minnesota|Grand Rapids]], the [[Eelpout Festival]] on Leech Lake, and the [[WE Fest]] in [[Detroit Lakes, Minnesota|Detroit Lakes]].

== Health ==

[[File:MayoMedicalCentersign2006-05-14.JPG|thumb|left|The [[Mayo Clinic]] in [[Rochester, Minnesota|Rochester]]]]

Minnesotans have low rates of premature death, infant mortality, cardiovascular disease, and occupational fatalities.<ref name = UHC>{{cite web | title = America's Health Rankings 2009 | publisher = United Health Foundation | year = 2009 | url = http://www.americashealthrankings.org/MN/2009 | access-date = December 3, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130115143839/http://www.americashealthrankings.org/MN/2009 | archive-date = January 15, 2013 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title = Statemaster Health Statistics – Death Rate per 100,000| publisher = Statemaster| url = http://www.statemaster.com/graph/hea_dea_rat_per_100-death-rate-per-100-000| access-date = August 16, 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130415130000/http://www.statemaster.com/graph/hea_dea_rat_per_100-death-rate-per-100-000| archive-date = April 15, 2013| url-status = dead}}</ref> They have long life expectancies,<ref>{{cite web | title = Explore Minnesota Living | publisher = Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development | url = http://www.deed.state.mn.us/publications/MNLiving.pdf | access-date = August 16, 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060822084115/http://www.deed.state.mn.us/publications/MNLiving.pdf | archive-date = August 22, 2006 | url-status = live }}</ref> and high rates of health insurance and regular exercise.<ref name = UHC /><ref>{{cite web| title = The Percentage of People Without Health Insurance Coverage by State Using 2- and 3-year Averages: 2003 to 2005| website = Health Insurance Coverage: 2005| publisher = U.S. Census Bureau, Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division| date = August 29, 2006 | url = https://www.census.gov/hhes/www/hlthins/hlthin05/hi05t10.pdf| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061006081530/http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/hlthins/hlthin05/hi05t10.pdf| url-status=dead| archive-date = October 6, 2006| access-date = November 24, 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Statemaster Health Statistics Physical Exercise by State | publisher = Statemaster | year = 2002 | url = http://www.statemaster.com/graph/hea_phy_exe-health-physical-exercise | access-date = August 16, 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130513182949/http://www.statemaster.com/graph/hea_phy_exe-health-physical-exercise | archive-date = May 13, 2013 | url-status = dead }}</ref> These and other measures have led two groups to rank Minnesota as the healthiest state in the nation; however, in one of these rankings, Minnesota descended from first to sixth in the nation between 2005 and 2009 because of low levels of public health funding and the prevalence of [[binge drinking]].<ref name = UHC /><ref>{{cite web | title = Health Statistics Health Index by state | publisher = Statemaster | url = http://www.statemaster.com/graph/hea_hea_ind-health-index | access-date = August 16, 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130525074940/http://www.statemaster.com/graph/hea_hea_ind-health-index | archive-date = May 25, 2013 | url-status = dead }}</ref> While overall health indicators are strong, Minnesota does have significant health disparities in minority populations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.startribune.com/despite-progress-ethnic-health-disparities-persist-in-minnesota/468711853/ |title=Despite progress, ethnic health disparities persist in Minnesota |author=Olsen, Jeremy|date=January 11, 2018|work=Star Tribune |access-date=November 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124003646/http://www.startribune.com/despite-progress-ethnic-health-disparities-persist-in-minnesota/468711853/ |archive-date=November 24, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On October 1, 2007, the [[Freedom to Breathe Act]] took effect, outlawing smoking in restaurants and bars in Minnesota.<ref>{{cite web | title = Put 'Em Out: Minnesota Smoking Ban Kicks In Monday | publisher = WCCO | url = http://wcco.com/health/local_story_272145441.html | date = September 30, 2007 | access-date = December 3, 2012 |archive-url = https://archive.today/20071227004710/http://wcco.com/health/local_story_272145441.html |archive-date = December 27, 2007}}</ref>

The [[Minnesota Department of Health]] is the primary state health agency responsible for public policy and regulation. Medical care in the state is provided by a comprehensive network of hospitals and clinics operated by a number of large providers including [[Allina]] Hospitals & Clinics, [[CentraCare Health System]], [[Essentia Health]], [[HealthPartners]], [[M Health Fairview]] and the [[Mayo Clinic Health System]]. There are two teaching hospitals and medical schools in Minnesota. The [[University of Minnesota Medical School]] is a high-rated teaching institution that has made a number of breakthroughs in treatment, and its research activities contribute significantly to the state's growing [[biotechnology]] industry.<ref>{{cite web|title=University of Minnesota Medical Milestones |publisher=University of Minnesota Medical School |year=2002 |url=http://www.med.umn.edu/faculty/handbook/info/home.html |access-date=August 14, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060830085610/http://www.med.umn.edu/faculty/handbook/info/home.html |archive-date=August 30, 2006 }}</ref> The [[Mayo Clinic]], a world-renowned hospital based in Rochester, was founded by [[William Worrall Mayo]], an immigrant from England.<ref name="Welbourn1990">{{cite book|author=Richard Burkewood Welbourn|title=The History of Endocrine Surgery|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R0Y9nQ9WngYC&pg=PA353|year=1990|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-92586-4|pages=353–|access-date=June 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906081012/https://books.google.com/books?id=R0Y9nQ9WngYC&pg=PA353|archive-date=September 6, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Haddy2011">{{cite book|author1=Francis J. Haddy |author2=Theresa B. Haddy|title=Minnesota Physicians in the 1862 Sioux Uprising|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ULCGhzS1iJ0C|date=July 12, 2011|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=978-1-4634-0264-8|access-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817075221/https://books.google.com/books?id=ULCGhzS1iJ0C|archive-date=August 17, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

''U.S. News & World Report''{{'s}} 2020–21 survey ranked 4,554 hospitals in the country in 12 specialized fields of care, and placed the Mayo Clinic in the top four in most fields. The hospital ranked first on the best hospitals honor roll. The only specialty where it fell outside the top ten was ophthalmology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/rankings|publisher=U.S. News & World Report|date=2021|title=Best Hospitals by Specialty|access-date=June 7, 2021|archive-date=August 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802174741/http://health.usnews.com/health-care/best-hospitals/articles/best-hospitals-honor-roll-and-overview|url-status=live}}</ref> The Mayo Clinic and the University of Minnesota are partners in the Minnesota Partnership for Biotechnology and Medical Genomics, a state-funded program that conducts research into [[cancer]], [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Coronary heart disease|heart health]], [[obesity]], and other areas.<ref>{{cite web | title = Minnesota Partnership for Biotechnology and Medical Genomics | publisher = University of Minnesota Medical School | year = 2002 | url = http://www.minnesotapartnership.info/ | access-date = August 14, 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060816052039/http://www.minnesotapartnership.info/ | archive-date = August 16, 2006 | url-status = live }}</ref>

== Education ==

{{Main|Education in Minnesota}}
{{See also|List of colleges and universities in Minnesota|List of high schools in Minnesota|List of school districts in Minnesota}}
[[File:Pillsbury Hall.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Richardsonian Romanesque]] Pillsbury Hall (1889) is one of the oldest buildings on the [[University of Minnesota]] Minneapolis campus.]]

One of the first acts of the Minnesota Legislature when it opened in 1858 was the creation of a [[normal school]] in Winona. Minnesota's commitment to education has contributed to a literate and well-educated populace. In 2009, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, Minnesota had the second-highest proportion of high school graduates, with 91.5% of people 25 and older holding a [[high school diploma]], and the tenth-highest proportion of people with bachelor's degrees.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2011/compendia/statab/131ed/tables/12s0233.pdf |title=Table 233. Educational Attainment by State: 1990 to 2009 |publisher=Census.gov |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017150539/http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0233.pdf |archive-date=October 17, 2011}}</ref> In 2015, Minneapolis was named the nation's "Most Literate City", while St. Paul placed fourth, according to a major annual survey.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/books/2015/04/10/americas-most-literate-cities-minneapolis/25531751/|title=Minneapolis ranked most literate city|website=[[USA Today]]|access-date=September 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020104620/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/books/2015/04/10/americas-most-literate-cities-minneapolis/25531751/|archive-date=October 20, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In a 2013 study conducted by the National Center for Educational Statistics comparing the performance of eighth-grade students internationally in math and science, Minnesota ranked eighth in the world and third in the United States, behind Massachusetts and Vermont.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2013/10/report-american-education-isnt-mediocre-its-deeply-unequal/280827/|title=Report: American Education Isn't Mediocre – It's Deeply Unequal|first=Julia|last=Ryan|website=[[The Atlantic]]|date=October 24, 2013|access-date=March 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327165530/https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2013/10/report-american-education-isnt-mediocre-its-deeply-unequal/280827/|archive-date=March 27, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014, Minnesota students earned the tenth-highest average composite score in the nation on the [[ACT (examination)|ACT exam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.act.org/newsroom/data/2014/states.html|title=Newsroom – Press Kit, Digital Media Library, and Press Releases|website=ACT|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415061951/http://www.act.org/newsroom/data/2014/states.html|archive-date=April 15, 2015}}</ref> In 2013, nationwide in per-student public education spending, Minnesota ranked 21st.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/local/wp/2015/06/02/the-states-that-spend-the-most-and-the-least-on-education-in-one-map/|title=The states that spend the most (and the least) on education, in one map|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=August 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603031405/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/local/wp/2015/06/02/the-states-that-spend-the-most-and-the-least-on-education-in-one-map/|archive-date=June 3, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> While Minnesota has chosen not to implement [[school voucher]]s,<ref name="vouchers">{{Cite news|last=Hallman |first=Charles |title=School vouchers: Who stands to gain at what cost? |work=Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder |date=March 14, 2007 |url=http://www.tcdailyplanet.net/node/3985 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723221706/http://www.tcdailyplanet.net/node/3985 |archive-date=July 23, 2014 }}</ref> it is home to the first [[charter school]].<ref name="Charter">{{cite web|title=Charter Schools |publisher=Minnesota Department of Education |year=2007 |url=http://education.state.mn.us/MDE/Academic_Excellence/School_Choice/Public_School_Choice/Charter_Schools/index.html |access-date=May 6, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070222235406/http://education.state.mn.us/MDE/Academic_Excellence/School_Choice/Public_School_Choice/Charter_Schools/index.html |archive-date=February 22, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The state supports a network of public universities and colleges, including 37 institutions in the [[Minnesota State Colleges and Universities System]], and five major campuses of the [[University of Minnesota system]]. It is also home to more than 20 private colleges and universities, six of which rank among the nation's top 100 [[liberal arts]] colleges, according to ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Best Colleges 2009: Liberal Arts Rankings |publisher=USNews.com |year=2009 |url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/college/liberal-arts-search/ |access-date=March 25, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090314061238/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/college/liberal-arts-search/ |archive-date=March 14, 2009 }}</ref>

== Transportation ==

{{Main|Transportation in Minnesota}}
[[File:Duluth canal.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Aerial Lift Bridge]] at [[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth]]]]

Transportation in Minnesota is overseen by the [[Minnesota Department of Transportation]] (MnDOT) at the state level and by regional and local governments at the local level. Principal transportation corridors radiate from the [[Twin Cities]] metropolitan area and along interstate corridors in Greater Minnesota. The major [[Interstate Highway System|Interstate highways]] are [[Interstate 35 in Minnesota|Interstate{{spaces}}35]] (I-35), [[Interstate 90 in Minnesota|I-90]], and [[Interstate 94 in Minnesota|I-94]], with I-35 and I-94 connecting the Minneapolis–St. Paul area, and I-90 traveling east–west along the southern edge of the state.<ref>{{cite map|publisher=[[Minnesota Department of Transportation]] |title=2007–2008 Official Highway Map |url=http://www.dot.state.mn.us/statemap/pdf/MNmap.pdf |format=PDF |access-date=April 7, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408220510/http://www.dot.state.mn.us/statemap/pdf/MNmap.pdf |archive-date=April 8, 2008 }}</ref> In 2006, a [[constitutional amendment]] was passed that required sales and use taxes on motor vehicles to fund transportation, with at least 40% dedicated to [[public transit]].<ref>{{cite web| title = Transportation amendment update| publisher = Minnesota Department of Transportation| year = 2006| url = http://www.dot.state.mn.us/information/mvst/index.html| access-date = April 7, 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080626041042/http://www.dot.state.mn.us/information/mvst/index.html |archive-date = June 26, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> There are nearly two dozen [[rail transport|rail]] corridors in Minnesota, most of which go through Minneapolis–St. Paul or Duluth.<ref>{{cite map|publisher=[[Minnesota Department of Transportation]] |title=Minnesota Rail System |year=2007 |url=http://www.dot.state.mn.us/ofrw/maps/RailLines20070806_1.pdf |format=PDF |access-date=April 7, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408220542/http://www.dot.state.mn.us/ofrw/maps/RailLines20070806_1.pdf |archive-date=April 8, 2008 }}</ref> There is water transportation along the [[Mississippi River]] system and from the ports of [[Lake Superior]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Minnesota Ports and Waterways |publisher=[[Minnesota Department of Transportation]] |url=http://www.dot.state.mn.us/ofrw/waterways.html |access-date=April 7, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317123114/http://www.dot.state.mn.us/ofrw/waterways.html |archive-date=March 17, 2008 }}</ref>
[[File:Green Line trains on both tracks.jpg|thumb|right|Two [[Metro Green Line (Minnesota)|Metro Green Line]] trains on the University of Minnesota–Twin Cities campus]]

Minnesota's principal airport is [[Minneapolis–St. Paul International Airport]] (MSP), a major passenger and freight hub for [[Delta Air Lines]] and [[Sun Country Airlines]]. Most other domestic carriers serve the airport. Large commercial jet service is provided at Duluth and Rochester, with scheduled commuter service to four smaller cities via [[Delta Connection]] carriers [[SkyWest Airlines]], [[Compass Airlines (North America)|Compass Airlines]], and [[Endeavor Air]].<ref name="DeltaRoutes">{{cite web | title = Delta Air Lines Map | publisher = Delta Air Lines | year = 2015 | url = http://dl.fltmaps.com/en | access-date = October 24, 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151025072507/http://dl.fltmaps.com/en | archive-date = October 25, 2015 | url-status = live }}</ref>

Public transit services are available in the regional urban centers in Minnesota including [[Metro Transit (Minnesota)|Metro Transit]] in the Twin Cities, opt-out suburban operators [[Minnesota Valley Transit Authority]], [[SouthWest Transit]], Plymouth Metrolink, Maple Grove Transit and others. In Greater Minnesota transit services are provided by city systems such as [[Duluth Transit Authority]], [[Mankato Transit System]], [[MATBUS (Fargo-Moorhead)]], [[Rochester, Minnesota#Transportation|Rochester Public Transit]], [[St. Cloud, Minnesota#Transportation|Saint Cloud Metro Bus]], Winona Public Transit and others. Dial-a-Ride service is available for persons with disabilities in a majority of Minnesota counties.<ref>{{cite web |title=Minnesota Public Transit Association |url=https://www.mpta-transit.org/transit-in-minnesota |website=Transit in Minnesota |publisher=Minnesota Public Transit Authority |access-date=November 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128210922/https://www.mpta-transit.org/transit-in-minnesota |archive-date=November 28, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In addition to bus services, [[Amtrak]]'s daily ''[[Empire Builder]]'' (Chicago–Seattle/Portland) train runs through Minnesota, calling at the [[Saint Paul Union Depot]] and five other stations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amtrak.com/midwest-train-bus-stations|title=Amtrak Train and Bus Stations in the Midwest|publisher=Amtrak|access-date=January 21, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119204439/http://www.amtrak.com/midwest-train-bus-stations|archive-date=January 19, 2013}}</ref> Intercity bus providers include [[Jefferson Lines]], [[Greyhound Bus Lines|Greyhound]], and [[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]]. Local public transit is provided by [[bus]] networks in the larger cities and by two rail services. The [[Northstar Line]] [[commuter rail]] service runs from [[Big Lake, Minnesota|Big Lake]] to the [[Target Field (Metro Transit station)|Target Field station]] in downtown Minneapolis. From there, [[light rail]] runs to Saint Paul Union Depot on the [[Green Line (Minnesota)|Green Line]], and to the MSP airport and the [[Mall of America]] via the [[Blue Line (Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro)|Blue Line]].

== Law and government ==
{{Also|Law of Minnesota}}

[[File:Minnesota state coat of arms (illustrated, 1876).jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Historical coats of arms of the U.S. states|historical coat of arms]] of Minnesota in 1876]]

Minnesota is governed pursuant to the [[Minnesota Constitution]], which was adopted on October 13, 1857, roughly one year before statehood.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the State of Minnesota|url=https://www.revisor.mn.gov/constitution/|url-status=live|website=Office of the Revisor of Statutes|access-date=August 9, 2021|archive-date=May 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502203236/https://www.revisor.leg.state.mn.us/constitution/}}</ref> Like all U.S. states and the federal government, Minnesota has a [[Republicanism in the United States|republican system]] of political representation with power divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.<ref>{{cite web|title=Minnesota Government |url=http://www.state.mn.us/portal/mn/jsp/content.do?id=-8494&agency=NorthStar |publisher=State of Minnesota |access-date=October 20, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018193346/http://www.state.mn.us/portal/mn/jsp/content.do?id=-8494&agency=NorthStar |archive-date=October 18, 2006 }}</ref> The state constitution includes a bill of rights that reaffirms many of the same rights and freedoms as its [[United States Bill of Rights|federal counterpart]], with some protected more strongly and explicitly.<ref name=":1" />

=== Executive ===

{{Main|Governor of Minnesota}}
[[File:Tim Walz official photo (cropped 2).jpg|thumb|upright|Governor [[Tim Walz]]]]

The executive branch is led by Minnesota's [[Governor (United States)|governor]], currently [[Tim Walz]], a [[Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party|DFLer]] who took office on January 7, 2019. As chief executive, the [[Governor of Minnesota|governor]] appoints the heads of state agencies and is responsible for faithful execution of the law. As commander-in-chief of the state's armed forces, the governor also has command and control over the [[Minnesota National Guard]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.revisor.mn.gov/constitution/#article_5|title=Article V, Minnesota Constitution|publisher=Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes|access-date=October 8, 2023|archive-date=May 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502203236/https://www.revisor.leg.state.mn.us/constitution/#article_5|url-status=live}}</ref> A [[Governor of Minnesota#Cabinet|cabinet]] consisting of the [[Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota|lieutenant governor]] and the heads of Minnesota's 22 state agencies consults and assists the governor in the business of state government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mn.gov/governor/about-gov/governors-cabinet/|title=Governor's Cabinet|publisher=Office of Governor Tim Walz & Lt. Governor Peggy Flanagan|access-date=October 8, 2023|archive-date=October 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010190246/https://mn.gov/governor/about-gov/governors-cabinet/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Aside from the governor and lieutenant governor, who are elected on a [[joint ticket]], Minnesotans separately elect three other constitutional officers: a [[Secretary of State of Minnesota|secretary of state]], an [[Minnesota Attorney General|attorney general]], and a [[Minnesota State Auditor|state auditor]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.revisor.mn.gov/constitution/#article_5|title=Article V, Minnesota Constitution|publisher=Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes|access-date=October 8, 2023|archive-date=May 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502203236/https://www.revisor.leg.state.mn.us/constitution/#article_5|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Efn|The secretary of state is custodian of state records and the [[Great Seal of the State of Minnesota|state seal]], registers businesses, and administers elections. The secretary of state also processes notary public applications and administers Minnesota's [[address confidentiality program]] for victims of crime, among other responsibilities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.revisor.mn.gov/index/statute/topic/SECRETARY%20OF%20STATE?year=2022|title=What does the Secretary of State's Office do?|publisher=Office of the Minnesota Secretary of State|access-date=October 8, 2023|archive-date=October 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010190246/https://www.revisor.mn.gov/index/statute/topic/SECRETARY%20OF%20STATE?year=2022|url-status=live}}</ref>}}{{Efn|The attorney general is the chief law officer for the state of Minnesota, representing state agencies in legal proceedings and issuing written opinions on questions of law. As chief law officer, the attorney general also enforces state consumer protection and antitrust laws, regulates charities, and advocates for people and small businesses in utilities matters, among other responsibilities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ag.state.mn.us/Office/|title=About Our Office|publisher=Office of the Minnesota Attorney General|access-date=October 8, 2023|archive-date=October 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010190247/https://www.ag.state.mn.us/Office/|url-status=live}}</ref>}}{{Efn|The state auditor supervises and audits the finances of Minnesota's nearly 5,000 local governments, which altogether spend over $40 billion annually.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.osa.state.mn.us/about/about-us/what-we-do/|title=What We Do|publisher=Office of the Minnesota State Auditor|access-date=October 8, 2023|archive-date=October 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015073657/https://www.osa.state.mn.us/about/about-us/what-we-do/|url-status=live}}</ref> The state auditor also performs under contract the annual [[single audit]] of [[Administration of federal assistance in the United States|federal programs]] administered by state agencies and their subrecipients. Public expenditures overseen by the state auditor are nearly double what state agencies spend annually.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.osa.state.mn.us/media/zubfptyn/2022-state-of-mn-single-audit.pdf|title=State of Minnesota Financial and Compliance Report on Federally Assisted Programs for the Year ended June 30, 2022|publisher=Minnesota Department of Management and Budget|access-date=October 8, 2023|archive-date=October 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010190247/https://www.osa.state.mn.us/media/zubfptyn/2022-state-of-mn-single-audit.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>}} These five "executive officers" together constitute the [[Minnesota Executive Council|Executive Council]], which has certain statutory responsibilities in matters of state finance, emergency management, and public lands administration.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.revisor.mn.gov/index/statute/topic/EXECUTIVE%20COUNCIL?year=2022|title=2022 Minnesota Statutes Index: Executive Council|publisher=Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes|access-date=October 8, 2023|archive-date=October 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010190247/https://www.revisor.mn.gov/index/statute/topic/EXECUTIVE%20COUNCIL?year=2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

Constitutional officeholders:
* Governor [[Tim Walz]] (DFL)
* Lt. Governor [[Peggy Flanagan]] (DFL)
* Secretary of State [[Steve Simon]] (DFL)
* Attorney General [[Keith Ellison]] (DFL)
* State Auditor [[Julie Blaha]] (DFL)

=== Legislature ===

{{Main|Minnesota Legislature}}
[[File:Minnesota State Capitol.jpg|thumb|The [[Minnesota State Capitol]] in Saint Paul, designed by [[Cass Gilbert]]]]

The [[Minnesota Legislature]] is a [[bicameral]] body consisting of the [[Minnesota Senate|Senate]] and the [[Minnesota House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]. The state has 67 districts, each with about 60,000 people. Each district has one senator and two representatives, each senatorial district being divided into ''A'' and ''B'' sections for members of the House. Senators serve for four years and representatives for two years.

Since 2023, both the House and Senate have had a slim DFL majority.<ref name="Faircloth 2022">{{cite web | last=Faircloth | first=Ryan | title=Democrats take control of the Minnesota Legislature | website=Star Tribune | date=November 7, 2022 | url=https://www.startribune.com/minnesota-legislature-control-republicans-senate-democrats-house-election-results-2022/600222707/ | access-date=January 26, 2023 | archive-date=January 26, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126222201/https://www.startribune.com/minnesota-legislature-control-republicans-senate-democrats-house-election-results-2022/600222707/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Judiciary ===

Minnesota's court system has three levels. Most cases start in the [[Minnesota District Courts|district courts]], which are courts of general jurisdiction. There are 279 district court judgeships in ten judicial districts. Appeals from the trial courts and challenges to certain governmental decisions are heard by the [[Minnesota Court of Appeals]], consisting of 19 judges who typically sit in three-judge panels. The seven-justice [[Minnesota Supreme Court]] hears all appeals from the tax court, the [[Minnesota Workers' Compensation Court of Appeals|workers' compensation court of appeals]], first-degree murder convictions, and [[Certiorari#State courts|discretionary appeals]] from the court of appeals; it also has [[original jurisdiction]] over election disputes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Minnesota Supreme Court |publisher=Court Information Office, State of Minnesota |url=http://www.courts.state.mn.us/documents/CIO/otherResources/SupremeCourt.doc |format=doc |access-date=October 19, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061101095530/https://www.courts.state.mn.us/documents/CIO/otherResources/SupremeCourt.doc |archive-date=November 1, 2006 }}</ref>

Two specialized courts within administrative agencies have been established: the workers' compensation court of appeals, and the tax court, which deals with non-criminal tax cases.

Supreme Court Justices<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mncourts.gov/SupremeCourt.aspx |title=Minnesota Supreme Court |access-date=December 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201093406/http://www.mncourts.gov/SupremeCourt.aspx |archive-date=December 1, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Chief Justice [[Natalie Hudson]]
Associate Justices
* [[Barry Anderson]]
* [[David Lillehaug]]
* [[Natalie Hudson]]
* [[Margaret Chutich]]
* [[Anne McKeig]]
* [[Paul Thissen]]

=== Regional ===

In addition to the city and county levels of government found in the United States, Minnesota has other entities that provide governmental oversight and planning. [[Regional Development Commissions|Regional development commissions]] (RDCs) provide technical assistance to local governments in the broad multi-county areas of the state. Along with this [[Metropolitan Planning Organizations]] (MPOs), such as the [[Metropolitan Council]], provide planning and oversight of land use actions in metropolitan areas. Many lakes and rivers are overseen by [[Watershed district (Minnesota)|watershed districts]] and [[soil and water conservation district]]s.

=== Federal ===

Minnesota's [[United States senator]]s are Democrats [[Amy Klobuchar]] and [[Tina Smith]]. The state has eight [[Minnesota Congressional Districts|congressional districts]]; they are represented by [[Brad Finstad]] ([[Minnesota's 1st congressional district|1st district]]; R), [[Angie Craig]] ([[Minnesota's 2nd congressional district|2nd]]; DFL), [[Dean Phillips]] ([[Minnesota's 3rd congressional district|3rd]]; DFL), [[Betty McCollum]] ([[Minnesota's 4th congressional district|4th]]; DFL), [[Ilhan Omar]] ([[Minnesota's 5th congressional district|5th]]; DFL), [[Tom Emmer]] ([[Minnesota's 6th congressional district|6th]]; R), [[Michelle Fischbach]] ([[Minnesota's 7th congressional district|7th]]; R), and [[Pete Stauber]] ([[Minnesota's 8th congressional district|8th]]; R).

Federal court cases are heard in the [[United States District Court for the District of Minnesota]], in Minneapolis, St. Paul, Duluth, and [[Fergus Falls]]. Appeals are heard by the [[Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals]] in [[St. Louis, Missouri]] and St. Paul.

=== Tribal ===

The State of Minnesota was created by the United States federal government in the traditional and cultural range of lands occupied by the [[Dakota people|Dakota]] and [[Anishinaabe]] peoples as well as other Native American groups. After many years of unequal treaties and forced resettlement by the state and federal government, the tribes re-organized into sovereign tribal governments. Today, the tribal governments are divided into 11 semi-autonomous [[Indian reservation|reservations]] that negotiate with the U.S. and the state on a bilateral basis:

Four Dakota [[Mdewakanton]] communities:
* [[Prairie Island Indian Community]]
* [[Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community]]
* [[Lower Sioux Indian Reservation]]
* [[Upper Sioux Community, Minnesota|Upper Sioux Community{{snd}}Pejuhutazizi Oyate]]

Seven Anishinaabe reservations:
* [[Bois Forte Band of Chippewa]]
* [[Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa]]
* [[Grand Portage Band of Chippewa]]
* [[Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe]]
* [[Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe]]
* [[White Earth Band of Ojibwe]]
* [[Red Lake Band of Chippewa]]

The first six of the Anishinaabe bands compose the [[Minnesota Chippewa Tribe]], the collective federally recognized tribal government of the Bois Forte, Fond du Lac, Grand Portage, Leech Lake, Mille Lacs, and White Earth reservations.

== Politics ==

{{Main|Politics of Minnesota}}
{{See also|List of political parties in Minnesota|United States congressional delegations from Minnesota|Minnesota's congressional districts|Political party strength in Minnesota}}
{{PresHead|place=Minnesota|source=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/compare.php?year=2008&fips=27&f=1&off=0&elect=0&type=state|title=Presidential General Election Results Comparison – Minnesota|publisher=US Election Atlas|access-date=October 27, 2022|author=Leip, David}}</ref>}}
{{PresRow|2020|Democratic|1,484,065|1,717,077|76,029|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|2016|Democratic|1,323,232|1,367,825|254,176|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|2012|Democratic|1,320,225|1,546,167|70,169|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|2008|Democratic|1,275,409|1,573,354|61,606|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|2004|Democratic|1,346,695|1,445,014|36,678|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|2000|Democratic|1,109,659|1,168,266|160,760|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1996|Democratic|766,476|1,120,438|305,726|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1992|Democratic|747,841|1,020,997|579,110|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1988|Democratic|962,337|1,109,471|24,982|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1984|Democratic|1,032,603|1,036,364|15,482|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1980|Democratic|873,241|954,174|224,538|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1976|Democratic|819,395|1,070,440|60,096|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|898,269|802,346|41,037|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1968|Democratic|658,643|857,738|72,129|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|559,624|991,117|3,721|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1960|Democratic|757,915|779,933|4,039|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1956|Republican|719,302|617,525|3,178|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1952|Republican|763,211|608,458|7,814|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1948|Democratic|483,617|692,966|35,643|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1944|Democratic|527,416|589,864|8,249|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1940|Democratic|596,274|644,196|10,718|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|350,461|698,811|80,703|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|363,959|600,806|38,078|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1928|Republican|560,977|396,451|13,548|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1924|Republican|420,759|55,913|345,474|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1920|Republican|519,421|142,994|73,423|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1916|Republican|179,544|179,152|28,668|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1912|Progressive|64,334|106,426|163,459|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1908|Republican|195,843|109,401|26,060|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1904|Republican|216,651|55,187|21,022|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1900|Republican|190,461|112,901|12,949|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1896|Republican|193,503|139,735|8,524|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1892|Republican|122,823|100,920|43,495|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1888|Republican|142,492|104,385|16,408|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1884|Republican|111,685|70,065|8,267|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1880|Republican|93,902|53,315|3,553|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1876|Republican|72,955|48,587|2,533|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1872|Republican|55,708|35,211|0|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1868|Republican|43,722|28,096|0|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1864|Republican|25,055|17,367|0|Minnesota}}
{{PresFoot|1860|Republican|22,069|11,920|748|Minnesota}}

Minnesota is known for a politically active citizenry, and [[populism]] has been a long-standing force among the state's [[political party|political parties]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Leigh|last=Pomeroy|title=Populism Is Alive and Well in Southern Minnesota|year=2007|publisher=Minnesota Monitor|access-date=August 4, 2008|url=http://www.minnesotamonitor.com/showDiary.do?diaryId=1728|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071008194926/http://www.minnesotamonitor.com/showDiary.do?diaryId=1728 |archive-date = October 8, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| last = Grayson| first = Katharine| title = Study: Minnesota tops nation in voter turnout| publisher = Minneapolis St. Paul Business Journal| date = September 18, 2006| url = http://twincities.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2006/09/18/daily3.html?surround=lfn| access-date = August 4, 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150629190509/http://twincities.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2006/09/18/daily3.html?surround=lfn| archive-date = June 29, 2015| url-status = live}}</ref> Minnesota has a consistently high [[voter turnout]]. In the [[2008 United States presidential election|2008 U.S. presidential election]], 78.2% of eligible Minnesotans voted{{snd}}the highest percentage of any U.S. state{{snd}}versus the national average of 61.2%.<ref>{{cite web|author=Michael P. McDonald |title=2008 Unofficial Voter Turnout |publisher=United States Elections Project, [[George Mason University]] |url=http://elections.gmu.edu/preliminary_vote_2008.html |access-date=November 20, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113104435/http://elections.gmu.edu/preliminary_vote_2008.html |archive-date=November 13, 2008 }}</ref> That figure was surpassed in 2020, when 79.96% of registered voters participated in the general election.<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical Voter Turnout Statistics |url=https://www.sos.state.mn.us/election-administration-campaigns/data-maps/historical-voter-turnout-statistics/ |website=Minnesota Secretary of State |publisher=State of Minnesota |access-date=May 27, 2021 |archive-date=May 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518175300/https://www.sos.state.mn.us/election-administration-campaigns/data-maps/historical-voter-turnout-statistics/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Voters can register on [[Election Day (United States)|election day]] at their [[polling places]] with evidence of residency.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=201.061&year=2011|title=201.061 – 2011 Minnesota Statutes|website=www.revisor.mn.gov|access-date=February 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202220242/https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=201.061&year=2011|archive-date=February 2, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Hubert Humphrey]] brought national attention to the state with his address at the [[1948 Democratic National Convention]]. Minnesotans have consistently cast their Electoral College votes for Democratic presidential candidates since 1976, longer than any other state. Minnesota is the only state in the nation that did not vote for [[Ronald Reagan]] in either of his presidential campaigns. Minnesota has voted for the Democratic nominee in every presidential election since 1960, with the exception of 1972, when the state was won by Republican [[Richard Nixon]].

Both the Democratic and Republican parties have major-party status in Minnesota, but its state-level Democratic party has a different name, officially known as the [[Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party]] (DFL). It was formed out of a 1944 alliance of the Minnesota Democratic and [[Minnesota Farmer-Labor Party|Farmer-Labor]] parties.

The state has had active third-party movements. The [[Reform Party of the United States|Reform Party]], now the [[Independence Party of Minnesota|Independence Party]], was able to elect former mayor of [[Brooklyn Park, Minnesota|Brooklyn Park]] and [[professional wrestler]] [[Jesse Ventura]] to the [[Minnesota gubernatorial election, 1998|governorship in 1998]]. The [[Independence Party of Minnesota|Independence Party]] has received enough support to keep major-party status. The [[Green Party of Minnesota|Green Party]], while no longer having major-party status, has a large presence in municipal government,<ref name="GrnOffHldrs">{{cite web | title = Office Holders | publisher = Green Party of Minnesota | url = http://www.mngreens.org/officeholders.php | access-date = April 18, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070107163820/http://www.mngreens.org/officeholders.php |archive-date = January 7, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> notably in Minneapolis and Duluth, where it competes directly with the DFL party for local offices. Major-party status in Minnesota (which grants state funding for elections) is reserved for parties whose candidates receive five percent or more of the vote in any statewide election (e.g., governor, secretary of state, U.S. president).

The state's [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] seats have generally been split since the early 1990s and in the [[108th United States Congress|108th]] and [[109th United States Congress|109th]] Congresses, Minnesota's congressional delegation was split, with four representatives and one senator from each party. In the 2006 mid-term election, Democrats were elected to all state offices, except governor and lieutenant governor, where Republicans [[Tim Pawlenty]] and [[Carol Molnau]] narrowly won reelection. The DFL posted double-digit gains in both houses of the legislature, elected Amy Klobuchar to the U.S. Senate, and increased the party's U.S. House caucus by one. Keith Ellison (DFL) was elected as the first [[African American]] U.S. Representative from Minnesota, as well as the first [[Muslim]] elected to Congress nationwide.<ref>{{cite news|title=Minnesota Democrat becomes first Muslim to win seat in Congress |newspaper=International Herald Tribune |agency=Associated Press |date=November 7, 2006 |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/11/08/america/NA_POL_US_Election_Muslim.php |access-date=December 11, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061128232133/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/11/08/america/NA_POL_US_Election_Muslim.php |archive-date=November 28, 2006 }}</ref> In 2008, DFLer and former comedian and radio talk show host [[Al Franken]] defeated incumbent Republican [[Norm Coleman]] in the U.S. Senate race by 312 votes out of three million cast.

In the 2010 election, Republicans took control of both chambers of the Minnesota legislature for the first time in 38 years and, with Mark Dayton's election, the DFL party took the governor's office for the first time in 20 years. Two years later, the DFL regained control of both houses, and with Dayton in office, the party had same-party control of both the legislative and executive branches for the first time since 1990. Two years later, the Republicans regained control of the Minnesota House,<ref>Pugmire, Tim, [http://www.mprnews.org/story/2014/11/04/mn-house-election ''Minn. House: Republicans take control''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119134322/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2014/11/04/mn-house-election |date=November 19, 2017 }}, Minnesota Public Radio, November 5, 2014</ref> and in 2016, the GOP also regained control of the State Senate.<ref>MPR News Staff, [http://www.mprnews.org/story/2016/11/08/david-hann-gop-leader-minnesota-senate-defeated ''Republicans take full control of Minnesota Legislature''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217230327/http://www.mprnews.org/story/2016/11/08/david-hann-gop-leader-minnesota-senate-defeated |date=February 17, 2017 }}, Minnesota Public Radio, November 5, 2014</ref>

In 2018, the DFL retook control of the Minnesota House, while electing DFLer [[Tim Walz]] as Governor.

In a 2020 study, Minnesota was ranked as the 15th easiest state for citizens to vote in.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=J. Pomante II |first1=Michael |last2=Li |first2=Quan |title=Cost of Voting in the American States: 2020 |journal=Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy |date=December 15, 2020 |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=503–509 |doi=10.1089/elj.2020.0666 |s2cid=225139517 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

== Media ==

{{Main|List of media in Minnesota}}{{See also|List of newspapers in Minnesota}}
[[File:KSTP Studio.jpg|thumb|right|[[KSTP-TV|KSTP studios]]]]

The Twin Cities area is the fifteenth largest [[media market]] in the United States, as ranked by [[Nielsen Media Research]]. The state's other top markets are [[Fargo–Moorhead]] (118th nationally), [[Twin Ports|Duluth–Superior]] (137th), Rochester–Mason City–Austin (152nd), and Mankato (200th).<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nielsenmedia.com/DMAs.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060517010320/http://www.nielsenmedia.com/DMAs.html |archive-date= May 17, 2006 |title= 210 Designated Market Areas – 03–04| publisher = Nielsen Media | access-date=November 26, 2006}}</ref>

[[Terrestrial television|Broadcast television]] in Minnesota and the Upper Midwest started on April 27, 1948, when [[KSTP-TV]] began broadcasting.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.kstp.com/article/stories/S278.shtml?cat=14 |title= 5 EYEWITNESS NEWS History |publisher= kstp.com |access-date= March 28, 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071011120258/http://kstp.com/article/stories/S278.shtml?cat=14 |archive-date= October 11, 2007 |url-status= dead }}</ref> [[Hubbard Broadcasting]], which owns KSTP, is now the only locally owned television company in Minnesota. Twin Cities [[CBS]] station [[WCCO-TV]] and [[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]] station [[KMSP-TV]] are [[owned-and-operated]] by their respective networks. There are [[List of television stations in Minnesota (by channel number)|39 analog]] broadcast stations and 23 [[digital television|digital]] channels broadcast over Minnesota.

The four largest daily newspapers are the ''[[Star Tribune]]'' in Minneapolis, the ''[[St. Paul Pioneer Press|Pioneer Press]]'' in Saint Paul, the ''[[Duluth News Tribune]]'' in Duluth, and the ''[[Post-Bulletin]]'' in Rochester. ''[[Minnesota Daily|The Minnesota Daily]]'' is the largest student-run newspaper in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web|title=Daily Board of Directors|url=http://www.mndaily.com/board.php|publisher=The Minnesota Daily|access-date=April 28, 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080408053528/http://www.mndaily.com/board.php |archive-date = April 8, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sites offering daily news on the Web include ''[[The UpTake]]'', ''[[MinnPost.com|MinnPost]]'', the Twin Cities ''Daily Planet'', business news site ''[[Finance & Commerce|Finance and Commerce]]'' and Washington D.C.-based ''[[Minnesota Independent]]''. Weeklies including ''[[City Pages]]'' and monthly publications such as ''Minnesota Monthly'' are available.

Two of the largest [[public radio]] networks, [[Minnesota Public Radio]] (MPR) and [[Public Radio International]] (PRI), are based in the state. MPR has the largest audience of any regional public radio network in the nation, broadcasting on 46 radio stations as of 2019.<ref>{{cite web | title = About MPR | publisher = Minnesota Public Radio | url = http://minnesota.publicradio.org/about/mpr/ | access-date = August 17, 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080918172247/http://minnesota.publicradio.org/about/mpr/ | archive-date = September 18, 2008 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mpr.org/listen/stations|title=MPR Stations|website=Minnesota Public Radio |access-date=October 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003073337/https://www.mpr.org/listen/stations/|archive-date=October 3, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> PRI weekly provides more than 400 hours of programming to almost 800 affiliates.<ref>{{cite web | title = PRI factsheet | url = http://www.pri.org/pri-facts.html | publisher = Public Radio International | access-date = May 7, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081218205641/http://www.pri.org/pri-facts.html | archive-date = December 18, 2008 | url-status = live }}</ref> The state's oldest radio station, [[KUOM]]-AM, was launched in 1922 and is among the 10-[[List of oldest radio stations|oldest radio stations]] in the United States. The University of Minnesota-owned station is still on the air, and since 1993 broadcasts a [[campus radio|college rock]] format.

== Sports, recreation and tourism ==

Minnesota has an active program of organized amateur and professional sports. Tourism has become an important industry, especially in the Lake region. In the North Country, what had been an industrial area focused on mining and timber has largely been transformed into a vacation destination. Popular interest in the environment and [[environmentalism]], added to traditional interests in [[hunting]] and fishing, has attracted a large urban audience within driving range.<ref>Aaron Shapiro, ''The Lure of the North Woods: Cultivating Tourism in the Upper Midwest'' (University of Minnesota Press, 2015).</ref>

=== Organized sports ===

{{Main|Sports in Minnesota}}
[[File:2006 WCHA Final Five.jpg|thumb|right|The [[University of North Dakota]] and [[St. Cloud State University]] during the [[Western Collegiate Hockey Association|WCHA]] Final Five at the [[Xcel Energy Center]]]]

Minnesota has professional men's teams in all major sports.

The [[Minnesota Vikings]] have played in the National Football League since their admission as an expansion franchise in 1961. They played in [[Metropolitan Stadium]] from 1961 through 1981 and in the [[Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome]] from 1982 until its demolition after the 2013 season for the construction of the team's new home, [[U.S. Bank Stadium]]. The Vikings' current stadium hosted [[Super Bowl LII]] in February 2018. [[Super Bowl XXVI]] was played in the Metrodome in 1992. The Vikings have advanced to the Super Bowl [[Super Bowl IV]], [[Super Bowl VIII]], [[Super Bowl IX]], and [[Super Bowl XI]], losing all four games to their AFC/AFL opponent.

The [[Minnesota Twins]] have played in the Major League Baseball in the Twin Cities since 1961. The Twins began play as the original [[Minnesota Twins|Washington Senators]], a founding member of the American League in 1901, relocating to Minnesota in 1961. The Twins won the 1987 and [[1991 World Series]] in seven-game matches where the home team was victorious in all games. The Twins also advanced to the [[1965 World Series]], where they lost to the [[Los Angeles Dodgers]] in seven games. The team has played at [[Target Field]] since 2010.

The [[Minneapolis Lakers]] of the National Basketball Association played in the [[Minneapolis Auditorium]] from 1947 to 1960, after which they relocated to Los Angeles. The [[Minnesota Timberwolves]] joined the NBA in 1989, and have played in [[Target Center]] since 1990.

The National Hockey League's [[Minnesota Wild]] play in St. Paul's [[Xcel Energy Center]], and reached 300 consecutive sold-out games on January 16, 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=Recap, Flames 3, Wild 2, SO |publisher=Minnesota Wild |date=January 17, 2008 |url=http://wild.nhl.com/team/app/?service=page&page=Recap&gameNumber=688&season=20072008&gameType=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118091528/http://wild.nhl.com/team/app/?service=page&page=Recap&gameNumber=688&season=20072008&gameType=2 |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 18, 2008 |access-date=April 7, 2008 }}</ref> Previously, the [[Minnesota North Stars]] competed in NHL from 1967 to 1993, which played in and lost the 1981 and 1991 [[Stanley Cup Finals]].

[[Minnesota United FC]] joined [[Major League Soccer]] as an expansion team in 2017, having played in the lower-division [[North American Soccer League (2010)|North American Soccer League]] from 2010 to 2016. The team plays at [[Allianz Field]] in St. Paul.<ref>{{cite news |last=Van Berkel |first=Jessie |date=December 12, 2016 |title=Minnesota United officials say 'big dig' at stadium site will begin in spring |url=http://www.startribune.com/minnesota-united-to-hold-ceremonial-groundbreaking-for-st-paul-stadium/406049026/ |work=Star-Tribune |access-date=April 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213212815/http://www.startribune.com/minnesota-united-to-hold-ceremonial-groundbreaking-for-st-paul-stadium/406049026/ |archive-date=December 13, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Previous professional soccer teams have included the [[Minnesota Kicks]], which played at [[Metropolitan Stadium]] from 1976 to 1981, and the [[Minnesota Strikers]] from 1984 to 1988.

Minnesota also has minor-league professional sports teams. The [[Minnesota Swarm]] of the [[National Lacrosse League]] played at the Xcel Energy Center until the team moved to Georgia in 2015. The [[St. Paul Saints]], who play at [[CHS Field]] in St. Paul, are the [[Triple-A (baseball)|Triple-A]] minor league affiliate of the Minnesota Twins.

Professional women's sports include the [[Minnesota Lynx]] of the Women's National Basketball Association, winners of the 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017 WNBA Championships, [[Minnesota Aurora FC]] of the [[United Soccer League]] [[USL W-League (1995–2015)|W-League]], the [[Minnesota Vixen]] of the [[Independent Women's Football League]], the [[Minnesota Valkyrie]] of the Legends Football League, and the [[Minnesota Whitecaps]] of the National Women's Hockey League.

The Twin Cities campus of the [[University of Minnesota]] is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I school competing in the [[Big Ten Conference]]. Four additional schools in the state compete in NCAA Division I ice hockey: the [[University of Minnesota Duluth]]; [[Minnesota State University, Mankato]]; [[St. Cloud State University]] and [[Bemidji State University]]. There are nine [[NCAA Division II]] colleges in the [[Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference]], and twenty [[NCAA Division III]] colleges in the [[Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference]] and [[Upper Midwest Athletic Conference]].<ref>{{cite web | title = NCAA Directory: Minnesota | publisher = NCAA | url = https://web3.ncaa.org/directory/memberList?type=12&state=MN | access-date = September 20, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180920164302/https://web3.ncaa.org/directory/memberList?type=12&state=MN | archive-date = September 20, 2018 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title = Upper Midwest Athletic Conference – History| publisher = Upper Midwest Athletic Conference| url = http://www.umacathletics.com/Sports/gen/2008/History.asp?nl=25&tab=abouttheumac| access-date = April 13, 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090503044213/http://www.umacathletics.com/Sports/gen/2008/History.asp?nl=25&tab=abouttheumac| archive-date = May 3, 2009| url-status=dead| df = mdy-all}}</ref>

Minneapolis has hosted the [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship]] in [[1951 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament|1951]], [[1992 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament|1992]], [[2001 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament|2001]], and [[2019 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament|2019]].

The [[Hazeltine National Golf Club]] has hosted the [[U.S. Open (golf)|U.S. Open]], [[U.S. Women's Open]], [[U.S. Senior Open]] and [[PGA Championship]]. The course also hosted the [[Ryder Cup]] in the fall of 2016, when it became one of two courses in the U.S. to host all major golf competitions. The Ryder Cup is scheduled to return in 2028.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hazeltinenational.com/|title=Hazeltine National Golf Club – Premier Golf Destination|first=Hazeltine National Golf|last=Club|website=hazeltinenational.com|access-date=November 21, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816063422/http://www.hazeltinenational.com/|archive-date=August 16, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Interlachen Country Club]] has hosted the [[U.S. Open (golf)|U.S. Open]], [[U.S. Women's Open]], and Solheim Cup.

[[Winter Olympic Games]] medalists from the state include twelve of the twenty members of the [[gold medal]] [[Miracle on Ice|1980 ice hockey team]] (coached by Minnesota native [[Herb Brooks]]) and the bronze medalist [[Curling at the 2006 Winter Olympics#Men's|U.S. men's]] [[curling]] team in the [[2006 Winter Olympics]]. Swimmer [[Tom Malchow]] won an Olympic gold medal in the [[2000 Summer Olympics|2000 Summer games]] and a silver medal in [[1996 Summer Olympics|1996]].

[[Grandma's Marathon]] is run every summer along the scenic [[North Shore (Lake Superior)|North Shore of Lake Superior]], and the [[Twin Cities Marathon]] winds around lakes and the Mississippi River during the peak of the [[color change in leaves|fall color season]]. Farther north, [[Eveleth, Minnesota|Eveleth]] is the location of the [[United States Hockey Hall of Fame]].

=== Outdoor recreation ===

[[File:Lake Calhoun MN.jpg|thumb|right|Fishing on [[Bde Maka Ska]] in Minneapolis<ref>{{cite web|url=https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/2020/a18-1007.html|title=Save Lake Calhoun v. Strommen|publisher=Minnesota Supreme Court|date=May 13, 2020|accessdate=June 14, 2023|archive-date=July 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709190207/https://law.justia.com/cases/minnesota/supreme-court/2020/a18-1007.html|url-status=live}}</ref>]]

Minnesotans participate in high levels of physical activity,<ref>{{cite web | title = Statemaster Health Statistics Physical Exercise by State | publisher = Statemaster | year = 2002 | url = http://www.statemaster.com/graph/hea_phy_exe-health-physical-exercise | access-date = April 7, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130513182949/http://www.statemaster.com/graph/hea_phy_exe-health-physical-exercise | archive-date = May 13, 2013 | url-status = dead }}</ref> and many of these activities are outdoors. The strong interest of Minnesotans in environmentalism has been attributed to the popularity of these pursuits.<ref>{{cite web | title = Green Hunters: Minnesota DNR | publisher = Fish & Wildlife Today | url = http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/fwt/back_issues/september97/message.html | access-date = April 7, 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080201043003/http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/fwt/back_issues/september97/message.html| archive-date = February 1, 2008}}</ref>

[[File:Listening Point sauna.jpg|thumb|An old [[sauna]] cabin of [[Listening Point]] on the shores of [[Burntside Lake]] in [[Morse Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota|Morse Township]], Minnesota]]

In the warmer months, these activities often involve water. Weekend and longer trips to family [[cottage|cabins]] on Minnesota's numerous lakes are a way of life for many residents. Activities include [[water sports]] such as [[water skiing]], which originated in the state,<ref>{{cite web|title=Water Skiing History |website=ABC of Skiing |publisher=MaxLifestyle.net "Go Skiing like Max!" |year=2006 |url=http://www.abc-of-skiing.com/water-skiing/history.asp |access-date=April 7, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421022737/http://www.abc-of-skiing.com/water-skiing/history.asp |archive-date=April 21, 2008 }}</ref> [[boating]], [[canoeing]], and [[fishing]]. More than 36% of Minnesotans fish, second only to Alaska.<ref>{{cite web | title = Managing for Results | publisher = Minnesota DNR | url = http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/aboutdnr/budget/budgetpres0303.pdf | access-date = April 7, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080406011936/http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/aboutdnr/budget/budgetpres0303.pdf | archive-date = April 6, 2008 | url-status = live }}</ref>

Fishing does not cease when the lakes freeze; [[ice fishing]] has been around since the arrival of early Scandinavian immigrants.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Benjamin
| first = Robert W.
| title = Ice Fishing can be a very exciting experience
| publisher = Buzzle.com
| date = July 15, 2006
| url = http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/7-15-2006-102438.asp
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20120730165044/http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/7-15-2006-102438.asp
| url-status=dead
| archive-date = July 30, 2012
| access-date = April 7, 2008}}</ref> Minnesotans have learned to embrace their long, harsh winters in ice sports such as [[ice skating|skating]], [[Ice hockey|hockey]], curling, and [[broomball]], and snow sports such as [[cross-country skiing]], [[alpine skiing]], [[luge]], [[snowshoeing]], and [[snowmobile|snowmobiling]].<ref>{{cite web
| title = Turning Snow into Sport
| website = Explore Minnesota Experiences
| publisher = Minnesota Department of Tourism
| url = http://www.exploreminnesota.com/experiences/outdoors/snow/index.aspx
| access-date = April 7, 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080401034153/http://www.exploreminnesota.com/experiences/outdoors/snow/index.aspx| archive-date = April 1, 2008}}</ref> Minnesota is the only U.S. state where [[bandy]] is played.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usabandy.com/|title=Home|website=USA Bandy|access-date=January 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211044326/http://www.usabandy.com/|archive-date=February 11, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

State and national forests and the 72 state parks are used year-round for hunting, [[camping]], and [[hiking]]. There are almost {{convert|20000|mi|km}} of snowmobile trails statewide.<ref>{{cite web| title = Snowmobiling Minnesota| publisher = Minnesota Department of Tourism | url = http://www.exploreminnesota.com/story.aspx?EntityId=19499| access-date = April 7, 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080604210514/http://www.exploreminnesota.com/story.aspx?EntityId=19499 |archive-date = June 4, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Minnesota has more miles of [[bike trail]]s than any other state,<ref>{{cite web| title = Take to the Trails! Explore Minnesota Biking| publisher = Minnesota Department of Tourism | url = http://www.exploreminnesota.com/experiences/outdoors/biking/index.aspx| access-date = April 7, 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080127122558/http://www.exploreminnesota.com/experiences/outdoors/biking/index.aspx |archive-date = January 27, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> and a growing network of [[trail|hiking trails]], including the {{convert|235|mi|km|adj=on}} [[Superior Hiking Trail]] in the northeast.<ref>{{cite web| title = Superior Hiking Trail| publisher = Minnesota Department of Tourism| url = http://www.exploreminnesota.com/things-to-do/2280/superior-hiking-trail/details.aspx| access-date = December 2, 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101231234219/http://www.exploreminnesota.com/things-to-do/2280/superior-hiking-trail/details.aspx| archive-date = December 31, 2010| url-status = dead}}</ref> Many hiking and bike trails are used for cross-country skiing during the winter.

== See also ==

{{Portal|United States|Minnesota}}
* [[Index of Minnesota-related articles]]
* [[Outline of Minnesota]]
{{clear}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{sister project links|Minnesota|voy=Minnesota}}

=== Culture and history ===
* [http://www.mnhs.org/ Minnesota Historical Society]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070814134732/http://mnplaces.mnhs.org/upham/ Minnesota Place Names]
* [http://reflections.mndigital.org/cdm/ Minnesota Reflections] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525200643/http://reflections.mndigital.org/cdm/ |date=May 25, 2017 }}
* [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/minnesota/index.html Minnesota State Guide] from the Library of Congress

=== General ===
* {{curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Minnesota}}

=== Government ===
* {{official website|http://www.state.mn.us/}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141022132614/http://mn.gov/indianaffairs/tribes.html Indian Affairs Council, State of Minnesota]
* [http://www.prairieisland.org/ Prairie Island Indian Community]
* [http://www.shakopeedakota.org/ Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community]
* [http://www.lowersioux.com/ Lower Sioux Indian Community]
* [http://www.uppersiouxcommunity-nsn.gov/ The Upper Sioux Community Pejuhutazizi Oyate]
* [http://www.mnchippewatribe.org/ Minnesota Chippewa Tribe]
* [http://www.boisforte.com/ Bois Forte Band of Chippewa]
* [http://www.fdlrez.com/ Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa]
* [http://www.grandportage.com/ Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa]
* [http://www.llojibwe.org/ Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe]
* [http://www.millelacsojibwe.org/ Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe]
* [http://www.whiteearth.com/ White Earth Indian Reservation Tribal Council]
* [http://www.redlakenation.org/ Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians]

=== Maps and demographics ===
* [https://mn.gov/admin/demography/ Minnesota State Demographic Center]
* [http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=27&StateName=Minnesota#.U85vdPldVu0 State Facts from USDA]
* [http://www.dot.state.mn.us/statemap/ Minnesota State Highway Map]
* [http://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/165471 Minnesota at OpenStreetMap]

=== Tourism and recreation ===
* [http://www.exploreminnesota.com/ Explore Minnesota]
* [http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/index.html Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]
* {{Wikivoyage inline}}
{{clear}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-bef|before = [[California]]}}
{{S-ttl|title = [[List of U.S. states by date of statehood]]|years = Admitted on May 11, 1858 (32nd)}}
{{S-aft|after = [[Oregon]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{Navboxes
|title = Topics related to Minnesota ''Land of 10,000 Lakes''
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{{Minnesota|expanded}}
{{Minnesota cities and mayors of 100,000 population}}
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{{New France}}
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{{Authority control}}
{{coord|46|-94|dim:300000_region:US-MN_type:adm1st|name=State of Minnesota|display=title}}

[[Category:Minnesota| ]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1858]]
[[Category:States of the United States]]
[[Category:Dakota toponyms]]
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[[Category:Contiguous United States]]

Oktyabrsky, Kalachyovsky District, Volgograd Oblast

2023-10-18T18:21:56Z

Luch4:

{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Oktyabrsky
|other_name =
|native_name = Октябрьский
|nickname =
|settlement_type = Settlement
|image_skyline = File:Oktyabrsky Kalachyovsky.jpg
|image_caption =
|pushpin_map = Russia Volgograd Oblast#Russia
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_mapsize =
|pushpin_map_caption =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = [[Russia]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[List of regions of Russia|Region]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Volgograd Oblast]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Russia|County]]
|subdivision_name2 =
|subdivision_type3 = [[Districts of Russia|District]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Kalachyovsky District]]
|subdivision_type4 = [[List of municipalities of Russia|Municipality]]
|subdivision_name4 =
|timezone1 =
|utc_offset1 = +4:00
|timezone1_DST =
|utc_offset1_DST =
|postal_code_type =
|postal_code =
|elevation_m =
|elevation_footnotes =
|coordinates = {{coord|48|39|N|43|48|E|display=inline}}<ref>[https://mapdata.ru/volgogradskaya-oblast/kalachevskiy-rayon/oktyabrskiy-poselok/ Октябрьский поселок на карте]</ref>
}}
'''Oktyabrsky''' ({{lang-ru|Октябрьский}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|rural locality]] (a [[Village#Russia|settlement]]) in Sovetskoye Rural Settlement, [[Kalachyovsky District]], [[Volgograd Oblast]], Russia. The population was 3,489 as of 2010.<ref>Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Численность населения городских округов, муниципальных районов, городских и сельских поселений, городских и сельских населённых пунктов Волгоградской области</ref> There are 2 streets.<ref>[https://mapdata.ru/volgogradskaya-oblast/kalachevskiy-rayon/oktyabrskiy-poselok/ Октябрьский поселок на карте]</ref>

== Geography ==
Oktyabrsky is located 27 km southeast of [[Kalach-na-Donu]] (the district's administrative centre) by road. Komsomolsky is the nearest rural locality.<ref>[http://allroutes.ru/rasstoyanie_oktjabrskij-34_kalach-na-donu Расстояние от Октябрьского до Калача-на-Дону]</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Rural localities in Kalachyovsky District}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rural localities in Kalachyovsky District]]

{{Kalachyovsky-geo-stub}}

Idel-Ural

2023-08-31T11:38:35Z

Luch4: Undid revision 1161994881 by Luch4 (talk) no picture - no legend, right?

{{Short description|Historical region in the southern Urals in Russia}}
[[File:Idel Ural within the Volga Federal District.svg|thumb|250px|Idel-Ural at the center of the [[Volga Federal District|Volga (Privolzhsky) Federal District]].]]

'''Idel-Ural''' ({{lang-tt-Cyrl|Идел-Урал|translit=Idel-Üral}}, {{lang-ru|Идель-Урал}}), literally '''Volga-Ural''', is a historical region in [[Eastern Europe]], in what is today [[Russia]]. The name literally means ''[[Volga]]-[[Urals]]'' in the [[Tatar language]]. The frequently used Russian variant is ''Volgo-Uralye'' ({{Lang-ru|Волго-Уралье}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://udmurt.info/pdf/library/belykh/belykh-istor.pdf |title=История народов Волго-Уральского региона |website=udmurt.info |author=Sergei Konstantinovich Belykh |access-date=7 October 2018 |language=ru }}</ref> The term Idel-Ural is often used to designate 6 [[republics of Russia]] of this region: [[Bashkortostan]], [[Chuvashia]], [[Mari El]], [[Mordovia]], [[Tatarstan]] and [[Udmurtia]], especially in Tatar-language literature or in the context of minority languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zmina.info/ru/news-ru/v_rosiji_rezhim_putina_pridushuje_samoidentifikacijiu_korinnih_narodiv__aktivisti/ |title=В России режим Путина подавляет самоидентификацию коренных народов – активисты |website=zmina.info |date=21 March 2018 |access-date=4 March 2021 |language=ru}}</ref>

Idel-Ural is at the center of the [[Volga Federal District]] (Поволжье, ''Povolzhye''). The major religions in the region are [[Islam]] and [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]].

Before being conquered by the [[Tsardom of Russia]] in the 16th century, the region was dominated by native Uralic tribes and a succession of empires, such as [[Volga Bulgaria]], the [[Khazars]], the [[Golden Horde]] and the [[Khanate of Kazan]]. At the time of [[Peter the Great]]'s death, in the early 18th century, the region had been made up of roughly 1 million people, with around half being [[Tatars]], [[Chuvash people|Chuvash]], and [[Bashkirs]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bushkovitch |first1=Paul |title=A concise history of Russia |date=2012 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-521-54323-1 |pages=111}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Idel-Ural State]]
* [[Idel-Ural Legion]]
* [[Free Idel-Ural]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal|last=Frank|first=Allen J.|url=https://journals.openedition.org:443/remmm/274|title=Historical Legends of the Volga-Ural Muslims concerning Alexander the Great, the City of Yelabuga, and Bāchmān Khān|journal={{ill|Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée|fr}}|year=2000|volume=89-90|issue=89–90 |pages=89–107|doi=10.4000/remmm.274|via=[[Centre pour l'Édition Électronique Ouverte]]|doi-access=free}} - Includes an abstract in English and an abstract in French. The French title is "Légendes historiques des musulmans de la région Volga-Ural concernant Alexandre le Grand, la ville de Yelabuga, et Bāchmān Khān."

[[Category:Historical regions in Russia]]
[[Category:Geography of Russia]]
[[Category:Historical regions]]

{{Russia-stub}}

Idel-Ural

2023-06-26T10:01:30Z

Luch4:

{{Short description|Historical region in the southern Urals in Russia}}
[[File:IdelUral.png|thumb|250px|Idel-Ural at the center of the [[Volga Federal District|Volga (Privolzhsky) Federal District]].]]

'''Idel-Ural''' ({{lang-tt-Cyrl|Идел-Урал|translit=Idel-Üral}}, {{lang-ru|Идель-Урал}}), literally '''Volga-Ural''', is a historical region in [[Eastern Europe]], in what is today [[Russia]]. The name literally means ''[[Volga]]-[[Urals]]'' in the [[Tatar language]]. The frequently used Russian variant is ''Volgo-Uralye'' ({{Lang-ru|Волго-Уралье}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://udmurt.info/pdf/library/belykh/belykh-istor.pdf |title=История народов Волго-Уральского региона |website=udmurt.info |author=Sergei Konstantinovich Belykh |access-date=7 October 2018 |language=ru }}</ref> The term Idel-Ural is often used to designate 6 [[republics of Russia]] of this region (see map): [[Bashkortostan]] (1), [[Chuvashia]] (2), [[Mari El]] (4), [[Mordovia]] (5), [[Tatarstan]] (12) and [[Udmurtia]] (13), especially in Tatar-language literature or in the context of minority languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zmina.info/ru/news-ru/v_rosiji_rezhim_putina_pridushuje_samoidentifikacijiu_korinnih_narodiv__aktivisti/ |title=В России режим Путина подавляет самоидентификацию коренных народов – активисты |website=zmina.info |date=21 March 2018 |access-date=4 March 2021 |language=ru}}</ref>

Idel-Ural is at the center of the [[Volga Federal District]] (Поволжье, ''Povolzhye''). The major religions in the region are [[Islam]] and [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]].

Before being conquered by the [[Tsardom of Russia]] in the 16th century, the region was dominated by native Uralic tribes and a succession of empires, such as [[Volga Bulgaria]], the [[Khazars]], the [[Golden Horde]] and the [[Khanate of Kazan]]. At the time of [[Peter the Great]]'s death, in the early 18th century, the region had been made up of roughly 1 million people, with around half being [[Tatars]], [[Chuvash people|Chuvash]], and [[Bashkirs]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bushkovitch |first1=Paul |title=A concise history of Russia |date=2012 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-521-54323-1 |pages=111}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Idel-Ural State]]
* [[Idel-Ural Legion]]
* [[Free Idel-Ural]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal|last=Frank|first=Allen J.|url=https://journals.openedition.org:443/remmm/274|title=Historical Legends of the Volga-Ural Muslims concerning Alexander the Great, the City of Yelabuga, and Bāchmān Khān|journal={{ill|Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée|fr}}|year=2000|volume=89-90|issue=89–90 |pages=89–107|doi=10.4000/remmm.274|via=[[Centre pour l'Édition Électronique Ouverte]]}} - Includes an abstract in English and an abstract in French. The French title is "Légendes historiques des musulmans de la région Volga-Ural concernant Alexandre le Grand, la ville de Yelabuga, et Bāchmān Khān."

[[Category:Historical regions in Russia]]
[[Category:Geography of Russia]]
[[Category:Historical regions]]

{{Russia-stub}}

Monarchism in Russia

2023-06-19T11:57:24Z

Luch4: /* Line of Maria Vladimirovna */

{{Short description|Hypothetical restoration of a Russian monarchy in today's Russian Federation}}
{{expand Russian|date=October 2021}}
{{Conservatism in Russia|Ideologies}}
A '''restoration of the Russian monarchy''' is a hypothetical event in which the [[Russian monarchy]], which has been non-existent since the [[Abdication of Nicholas II|abdication]] of [[Nicholas II]] on 15 March 1917 and [[Execution of the Romanov family|the execution of him and the rest of his closest family in 1918]], is reinstated in today's [[Russian Federation]]. The only political parties as of today which advocates such a restoration is the [[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia]] and the [[Monarchist Party of Russia|Monarchist Party]].

Most proposals for the restoration of the monarchy envision the return to be to a [[Constitutional monarchy|constitutional role]].

==Public opinion==
A study conducted by the [[All-Russian Center for Public Opinion]] showed that almost one third of the Russian population favor a restoration as of 2013.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

In 2017, a survey conducted by ''Izvestia'' found that 37 percent of all Russians were "not against the monarchy, but{{nbsp}}... did not see a candidate for such a post". The survey also found that of young Russians 46 percent were not opposed to the restoration of the monarchy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://royalcentral.co.uk/europe/37-percent-of-young-russians-want-to-restore-the-monarchy-in-russia-79065/|title=37 percent of young Russians want to restore the monarchy|date=March 25, 2017}}</ref>

==Political opinion==
The restoration has been proposed by, among others, [[Vladimir Petrov (politician)|Vladimir Petrov]], a politician of the ruling [[United Russia]] and affiliate of President [[Vladimir Putin]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Perring |first=Rebecca |url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/586470/Russia-royal-family-Vladimir-Putin-reinstate-Tsar-Nicholas-Second-Romanov |title=Vladimir Putin 'wants' to reinstate Russia's royal family and bring back the Tsars | World | News | Daily Express |website=Express.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2016-10-26}}</ref> [[Vladimir Zhirinovsky]], prominent politician and leader of [[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia|LDPR]], was also known to express such ideas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/zhirinovsky-wants-all-powerful-tsar-to-rule-over-russia/507703.html |title=Zhirinovsky Wants All-Powerful Tsar to Rule Over Russia |website=Themoscowtimes.com |date=2014-09-24 |accessdate=2016-10-26}}</ref>

== Possible lines of succession ==

=== Direct male line (male primogeniture) ===
<div class="treeview">
The direct male line of succession (based on descent from Emperor [[Nicholas I of Russia]]) to Prince Alexis Romanov, currently the senior [[Agnatic succession|agnatic]] heir to the House of Romanov, is:

{{Tree list}}
*[[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15x15px]] ''[[Nicholas I of Russia|Emperor Nicholas I]] (1796–1855)''
**{{Tree list/final branch}} ''[[Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia]] (1832–1909)''
***{{Tree list/final branch}} ''[[Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia]] (1866–1933)''
****''[[Prince Andrei Alexandrovich of Russia]] (1897–1981)''
*****{{Tree list/final branch}} ''[[Prince Andrew Romanov|Prince Andrew Andreevich]] (1923–2021)''
****** '''[[Prince Alexis Romanov|Prince Alexis Andreevich]]''' (b. 1953)
******'''(1)''' Prince Peter Andreevich (b. 1961)
******{{Tree list/final branch}} '''(2)''' Prince Andrew Andreevich (b. 1963)
****{{Tree list/final branch}} ''[[Prince Rostislav Alexandrovich of Russia]] (1902–1978)''
*****''Prince Rostislav Rostislavovich (1938–1999)''
******'''(3)''' [[Prince Rostislav Romanov (b. 1985)|Prince Rostislav Rostislavovich]] (b. 1985)
*******'''(4)''' [[Prince Rostislav Romanov (b. 1985)|Prince Rostislav Rostislavovich]] (b. 2013)
******{{Tree list/final branch}} '''(5)''' Prince Nikita Rostislavovich (b. 1987)
*****{{Tree list/final branch}} ''Prince Nicholas Rostislavovich (1945–2000)''
******'''(6)''' Prince Nicholas Christopher Nikolaievich (b. 1968)
******{{Tree list/final branch}} '''(7)''' Prince Daniel Joseph Nikolaievich (b. 1972)
*******{{Tree list/final branch}} '''(8)''' Prince Jackson Daniel Danilovich (b. 2009)
</div>

=== Line of Maria Vladimirovna ===
If one accepts that Vladimir Kirillovich's marriage to [[Leonida Bagration of Mukhrani]] was non-morganatic and that he was succeeded by his daughter, Maria Vladimirovna, then the line of succession is:

{{Tree list}}
*[[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15x15px]] ''[[Alexander II of Russia|Emperor Alexander II]] (1818–1881)''
**{{Tree list/final branch}} ''[[Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia]] (1847–1909)''
***{{Tree list/final branch}} ''[[Kirill Vladimirovich, Grand Duke of Russia]] (1876–1938)''
****{{Tree list/final branch}} ''[[Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia]] (1917–1992)''
*****{{Tree list/final branch}} '''[[Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia|Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna]]''' (b. 1953)
******{{Tree list/final branch}} '''(1)''' [[Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia|Grand Duke George Mikhailovich]] (b. 1981); has been styled [[List of Grand Dukes of Russia|Grand Duke of Russia]] since birth, also a [[:Category:Prussian princes|Prince of Prussia]] (a title which he does not generally use)
******* {{Tree list/final branch}} '''(2)''' His Serene Highness Prince Alexander Georgievich (b. 2022)

==== Note ====
In either case, at the death of the last uncontestable Head of the Imperial House of Romanov in 1992, all the other living male-line descendants and Grand-Dukes were morganatic.

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Asia topic|prefix=Monarchism in}}
{{Europe topic|prefix=Monarchism in}}
{{Conservatism navbox}}

[[Category:Monarchism in Russia| ]]
[[Category:Restoration of the monarchy]]
[[Category:Russian monarchy]]

Metro Blue Line (Minnesota)

2023-04-24T06:09:23Z

Luch4: /* External links */

{{Short description|Light rail line in Hennepin County, Minnesota}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{about|the light rail line in Minnesota|other Blue Lines|Blue Line (disambiguation)}}
{{redirect-multi|2|Hiawatha Line|Hiawatha LRT|the Amtrak route|Hiawatha (Amtrak){{!}}''Hiawatha Service''|the multi-use trail|Hiawatha LRT Trail}}
{{Infobox rail line
| name = Metro Blue Line
| color = {{rcr|Metro (Minnesota)|Blue}}
| image = Blue Line Warehouse District.png
| image_width = 300
| caption = Blue Line light rail in [[downtown Minneapolis]]
| type = [[Light rail]]
| system = [[Metro (Minnesota)|Metro]]
| status = Operational
| locale = [[Minneapolis–St. Paul]] Metropolitan: [[Minneapolis, Minnesota]] [[Fort Snelling, Minnesota]] [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport]] [[Bloomington, Minnesota]]
| start = [[Mall of America (Metro Transit station)|Mall of America]] (south)
| end = [[Target Field (Metro Transit station)|Target Field]] (north)
| stations = 19 open, 10 proposed
| routes =
| daily_ridership = 31,471 (avg. weekday, 2015)<ref name="Ridership">{{cite press release |date=January 22, 2016 |title=Metro Transit ridership tops 85.8 million in 2015 |url=https://www.Metrotransit.org/Metro-transit-ridership-tops-858-million-in-2015 |publisher=[[Metro Transit (Minnesota)|Metro Transit]] |access-date=August 3, 2016}}</ref>
| website = {{url|www.Metrotransit.org/light-rail|Metro Blue Line}}
| open = {{start date and age|2004|6|26}}
| close =
| owner =
| operator = [[Metro Transit (Minnesota)|Metro Transit]]
| character = Primarily [[At-grade intersection|At grade]], in mostly [[right of way (transportation)|separated right of way]], but with some [[street running]], one underground section, including one underground station.
| stock = [[Bombardier Flexity Swift|Bombardier LF-70]] or Siemens [[Siemens S700 and S70|S70 and S700]] 3-car trains (typical, maximum)
| linelength = {{convert|12|mi|km|1|abbr=on}}<ref name="BL-facts" />
| tracklength =
| tracks = 2
| gauge = {{RailGauge|ussg|allk=on}}
| minradius = {{convert|82|ft|m|0}}
| electrification = {{750 V DC|conductor=overhead}}
| speed = {{convert|55|mph|abbr=on}} max {{convert|18|mph|abbr=on}} average
| elevation =
| routenumber = 901
| map_state = collapsed
| map = {{METRO Blue Line}}
}}

The '''Metro Blue Line''' is a {{convert|12|mi|km|1|adj=on}}<ref name="BL-facts">{{cite web |url=http://www.Metrotransit.org/facts-about-trains-and-construction.aspx |title=Metro Blue Line - Facts About Trains and Construction |publisher=Metro Transit |year=2013 |access-date=June 15, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214014738/http://www.metrotransit.org/facts-about-trains-and-construction.aspx |archive-date=February 14, 2014 }}</ref> [[light rail]] line in [[Hennepin County]], [[Minnesota]], that is part of the [[Metro (Minnesota)|Metro]] network. It travels from downtown [[Minneapolis]] to [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport]] and the southern suburb of [[Bloomington, Minnesota|Bloomington]]. Formerly the '''Hiawatha Line''' ('''Route 55''') prior to May 2013,<ref name="Metro Transit Route Change Document">{{cite web |url=http://Metrotransit.org/routes-change-may-18 |title=These routes will change May 18 |publisher=Metro Transit |access-date=May 3, 2013}}</ref> the line was originally named after the [[Milwaukee Road]]'s [[Hiawatha (train)|Hiawatha passenger train]] and [[Hiawatha Avenue]], reusing infrastructure from the former and running parallel to the latter for a portion of the route. The line opened June 26, 2004, and was the first light rail service in Minnesota. An extension, [[Bottineau LRT]], is planned to open in 2028.

The Blue Line is operated by [[Metro Transit (Minnesota)|Metro Transit]], the primary bus and train operator in the [[Minneapolis–St. Paul|Twin Cities]]. As of December 2022, the service operates from approximately 3:19{{nbsp}}am to 12:50{{nbsp}}am with 15{{nbh}}minute [[headway]]s most of the day.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.metrotransit.org/route/blue | title=Schedules - Metro Transit }}</ref> The route averaged 32,928 daily riders in 2019, representing 13 percent of Metro Transit's ridership.<ref>{{cite web |title=Performance |url=https://www.metrotransit.org/performance |website=metrotransit.org |publisher=Metro Transit |access-date=December 17, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Light Rail Now">{{cite web|url=http://www.lightrailnow.org/news/n_newslog2008q3.htm#MIN_20080808|title=Minneapolis: More spectacular ridership gains for Hiawatha light rail transit|publisher=Light Rail Now|date=August 2008|access-date=December 17, 2009}}</ref> The line carried 10.6 million riders in 2015.<ref name="Ridership"/>

In [[South Minneapolis]], several bus routes converge at [[transit center]]s along the line, offering connections to other Metro lines and frequent bus routes. The line has two [[park and ride]] stations at [[Fort Snelling station|Fort Snelling]] and [[30th Avenue station]]s, with a combined capacity of 2,569 vehicles.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Del Rosario |first1=Ari |title=2019 Annual Regional Park & Ride System Report |url=https://metrocouncil.org/Transportation/Publications-And-Resources/Transit/Park-and-ride/2019-Park-and-Ride-Report.aspx |publisher=Metro Transit Engineering and Facilities, Planning and Urban Design |access-date=December 17, 2022 |date=January 2020}}</ref> Major destinations along the corridor include downtown Minneapolis, [[Lake Street (Minneapolis)|Lake Street]], [[Minnehaha Park]], Minneapolis–St. Paul International Airport, and the [[Mall of America]]. At the airport, the Blue Line provides free, [[24/7 service]] between [[Terminal 1-Lindbergh station|Lindbergh]] and [[Terminal 2-Humphrey station|Humphrey]] terminals. An [[owl service|owl]] [[shuttle train]], the '''Airport Shuttle''', runs between terminals during times when no Blue Line service is scheduled.<ref name="24-hour service">{{cite web |title=Airport - Metro Transit |url=https://www.metrotransit.org/airport |website=www.metrotransit.org |publisher=Metro Transit |access-date=September 4, 2022}}; {{cite web|title=Airport Shuttle - Schedules |url=https://www.metrotransit.org/route/airprt |access-date=September 4, 2022 |work=Metro Transit |date=August 20, 2022}}</ref>

==History==
{{More citations needed|section|date=February 2018}}
[[File:Hiawatha Line 46th Street Station.jpg|thumb|A two-unit Hiawatha Line train approaches 46th Street station from the south in 2005. The black, yellow, and silver livery was standard before the introduction of the [[Metro (Minnesota)|Metro]] system.]]

===Background===
The Minneapolis–St. Paul area once had an extensive network of streetcars (operated for many years by [[Twin City Rapid Transit]], a precursor of Metro Transit), but the tracks were removed and services were eliminated in the 1950s.

Over the years since the last trolley ran in 1954, many people have pushed for the reintroduction of rail transport in the Twin Cities. Proposals for a modern streetcar or light rail along the Hiawatha Avenue corridor appeared in the pages of the [[Star Tribune]] as early as 1974.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mike |first1=Anderson |title=Streetcars Proposed to Ease Transit Woe |publisher=Star Tribune |date=June 18, 1974}}</ref> The primary reason is that traffic congestion has grown considerably since the streetcar system ceased operation: a 2003 report by the [[Texas Transportation Institute]] indicated that the area was the 17th most congested area in the country, with the second fastest congestion growth.

Rail projects struggled to gain political support until the 1990s, when several factors combined to make the idea more palatable. Governor [[Jesse Ventura]] and Minnesota Transportation Commissioner [[Elwyn Tinklenberg]] heavily promoted the idea of rail transport, and significant amounts of money became available from the federal government. Previous governors had advocated light rail, but had not been able to get legislation passed. Governor [[Tim Pawlenty]] had campaigned on a promise to fight the expansion of light rail, but altered his opinions after taking office. He also initially opposed the [[Northstar Line]] [[commuter rail]] project, which is a rail corridor north of Minneapolis, but changed his mind about that project in January 2004 when a scaled-back version was shown to have good potential.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2004/08/03_mccalluml_northstarmoney/|title=Pawlenty finds money to jumpstart North Star rail line|author=Laura McCallum|publisher=Minnesota Public Radio|date=August 3, 2004}}</ref>

===Project development===
For many,{{who|date=February 2018}} the Hiawatha Avenue corridor was not the top choice for a new project. Popular other options included connecting Minneapolis with the western suburbs, though probably the most-desired option has been the [[Green Line (Minnesota)|Central Corridor]] connecting the Twin Cities themselves (Minneapolis and St. Paul) with a route down the middle of [[Interstate 94]] or [[University Avenue (Minneapolis-St. Paul)|University Avenue]]. However, much of the land had already been acquired by the state in the 1960s to build a sunken radial expressway into downtown that was never built. In addition to the available land, the desire to connect to the airport and at least reach the vicinity of the Mall of America proved to be the bigger draw for decision-makers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://community-wealth.org/_pdfs/articles-publications/tod/article-newberg.pdf |title=Light Rail Comes to Minnesota |last=Newberg |first=Sam |date=May 2004 |website=community-wealth.org |publisher=American Planning Association |access-date=December 3, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011062726/http://community-wealth.org/_pdfs/articles-publications/tod/article-newberg.pdf |archive-date=October 11, 2011 }}</ref>

The idea of running a rail line down Hiawatha Avenue had already been around for at least a decade by the time the decision was made to go forward. In 1985, the [[Minnesota Department of Transportation]] (Mn/DOT) had produced an [[Environmental Impact Statement]] that concluded that light rail was the best alternative for the corridor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.it.umn.edu/news/inventing/2004_Summer/righttrack.html|title=The Right Track|first=Trisha|last=Collopy|date=Summer 2004|publisher=Inventing Tomorrow (University of Minnesota)|access-date=December 17, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720092240/http://it.umn.edu/news/inventing/2004_Summer/righttrack.html|archive-date=July 20, 2011}}</ref> In 1996, the document was examined again as Mn/DOT looked at the possibility of adding [[bus rapid transit]] along the road, but money for light rail became available soon after, leading to the current layout.

===Construction and opening===
The line's cost totaled [[United States dollar|$]]715.3 million, with $334.3 million coming from the federal government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://Metrotransit.org/facts-about-trains-and-construction.aspx|title=Facts About Trains and Construction|publisher=Metro Transit|access-date=December 29, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100426171325/http://www.metrotransit.org/facts-about-trains-and-construction.aspx|archive-date=April 26, 2010}}</ref> This is considerably higher than initial budgets predicted—the figure was about $400 million in 1997. Opponents to the rail line state that it went far over-budget, but supporters of the line state that extensions of the route and other alterations, plus the impact of inflation, are the real reasons for the increased cost. Initial designs cut out the last stop in downtown, and the southern end of the line did not quite connect to the Mall of America. The Warehouse District stop was added early but another cost increase came from approximately $40 million to enhance the line (while construction was in progress) to bring the line directly into the Mall of America's transit hub. It was completed later than what was initially hoped for (a lot of literature points to 2003 as the opening year), but the mall connection was a significant contribution to the extra time requirements. These extensions are also why the line was initially reported to be {{convert|11.6|mi}} long, but ended up being {{convert|12|mi}} in length. The Target Field extension in 2009 added a few more tenths to the length. Groundbreaking for the line took place on January 17, 2001.

In March 2004, the labor union representing Metro Transit bus workers went on strike. This delayed the opening of the line from the anticipated start date of April 3, although there was some indication that the opening would have been delayed anyway. Apparently, some of the delay had to do with slow delivery of trainsets from Bombardier. Certain aspects of the design had been tried before, but the cars were the first to combine the factors of conforming to American standards (as opposed to [[Europe]]an), having low floors and being built at the company's Mexico plant. Some problems also cropped up during testing of the vehicles, but Bombardier said that the issues were not out of the ordinary.

When the buses began rolling again on April 19, the line's opening was rolled back to June 26. Testing of the track and vehicles continued during the bus strike, as much of the work was performed by Bombardier employees rather than Metro Transit workers. Train operators who had already gone through the training process were given refresher courses when the strike ended. Regular service began on the first phase of the line on June 26, 2004, with the second phase opening later that year on December 4. Each opening was accompanied with two days of free rides on the train and area buses. The line was tested for months before opening, with regular service simulated for about a month before each phase went online. The Hiawatha Line opened exactly 50 years and one week after the last regular-service streetcars ran in the city.

Light rail staff, security, and volunteers produced a largely hitch-free opening day for the new rail system on June 26, 2004.<ref>"Down the Line; Light Rail's First Day." Star Tribune; June 27, 2004</ref> Officials estimated 30,000 people boarded the electric-powered trains during the transit system's first day of service. Train rides were free. Each station featured live entertainment and food as a diversion for the long waits to board the trains. Predicted daily ridership was 19,300 for 2005 and 24,600 for 2020.

===Developments post-opening===
[[File:Light rail-Minneapolis-downtown.jpg|thumb|left|A [[pedestrian]] walking [[Level crossing|next to]] moving trains]]
Busways are still being examined for many future projects and it appears likely that at least one will be built. Construction of the area's second light rail line, the Green Line connecting downtown Minneapolis and St. Paul began in late 2010 and opened on June 14, 2014. On April 26, 2011, the U.S. government announced $478 million in funding for its construction.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blogs.citypages.com/blotter/2011/04/central_corridor_federal_funding.php|title=Feds signing over $478 million in Central Corridor funding today|first=Hart|last=Van Denburg|date=April 2011|newspaper=City Pages|access-date=April 26, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518205925/http://blogs.citypages.com/blotter/2011/04/central_corridor_federal_funding.php|archive-date=May 18, 2011}}</ref>

During [[Super Bowl LII]] on February 4, 2018, hosted at [[U.S. Bank Stadium]], the Blue Line was restricted to ticketholders and ran with non-stop service between a security checkpoint at the Mall of America and the [[U.S. Bank Stadium (Metro Transit station)|stadium station]]. Service at other stations was replaced with free shuttle buses.<ref>{{cite news |last=Harlow |first=Tim |date=January 12, 2018 |title=A month of Super Bowl disruptions ahead for Metro Transit riders |url=http://www.startribune.com/a-month-of-super-bowl-disruptions-ahead-for-metro-transit-riders/469074903/ |work=Star-Tribune |access-date=February 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Harlow |first=Tim |date=February 4, 2018 |title=Mixed reviews for Super Bowl Sunday transit service |url=http://www.startribune.com/first-metro-transit-fan-trains-start-rolling-toward-u-s-bank-stadium/472629983/ |work=Star-Tribune |access-date=February 10, 2018}}</ref>

In July 2011, the [[Metropolitan Council]] officially approved renaming the Hiawatha Line as the Blue Line. This is part of a broader color scheme for identifying Twin Cities transit lines, including the [[Green Line (Minnesota)|Green Line]] light rail to [[St. Paul, Minnesota|St. Paul]], the [[Orange Line (Minnesota)|Orange Line]] bus rapid transit along I-35W, and the operational [[Metro Red Line (Minnesota)|Red Line]] bus rapid transit service along Cedar Avenue.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.Metrocouncil.org/newsletter/transit2011/TransitLineColorsJuly.htm |title=Met Council approves line color names for region's developing transitway system |publisher=[[Metropolitan Council]] |date=July 2011 |access-date=August 31, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807233244/http://www.metrocouncil.org/newsletter/transit2011/TransitLineColorsJuly.htm |archive-date=August 7, 2011 }}</ref> The name officially changed on Friday, May 17, 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.startribune.com/local/west/207812381.html?refer=y|title=Hiawatha light-rail name to be phased out for Blue Line|newspaper=StarTribune|date=May 17, 2013|access-date=May 23, 2013}}</ref>

Starting July 8, 2022, in a planned 5 week project, the Blue line shut down 5 stops from Mall of America to Airport Terminal 2 for the '[https://bringmethenews.com/minnesota-lifestyle/blue-line-to-shut-down-for-5-weeks-between-msp-and-mall-of-america Largest construction project in the light rail line's history.'] According to Metro Transit, the project consists of replacing sections of tracks that "have worn out and upgrades technology that guides safety safety systems."

In addition, the updates will also bring safety enhancements and allow trains to switch tracks and turn around near the 30th Avenue Station, which will provide more opportunity to keep trains moving if a section of track is taken out of service. Ryan Heath, engineer for Metro Transit who is overseeing the project, said that "this is important for the Blue Line's next 40 years. We're looking out literally decades with an eye toward improving the reliability and maintainability of our system."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rider's Almanac Blog |url=https://www.metrotransit.org/long-shutdown-will-help-metro-blue-line-have-a-long-life |access-date=August 15, 2022 |website=www.metrotransit.org}}</ref>

===Proposed extension===
{{Main|Bottineau Boulevard Transitway}}
An extension of the line to [[Brooklyn Park, Minnesota|Brooklyn Park]] is planned. On August 3, 2020, after years of disagreements with The Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) Railway Company regarding use of BNSF's right-of-way, Metropolitan Council announced they would begin to "explore opportunities to advance this critical project without using BNSF Railway right of way."<ref>{{cite web |title=Project partners announce new direction for METRO Blue Line Extension|url=https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/MNORGMETC/bulletins/29891ee/ |access-date= August 3, 2020|date=August 3, 2020}}</ref> Current plans call for the Blue Line Extension to run west from [[Target Field]] to Lyndale Avenue, then through north Minneapolis via Lyndale Avenue, West Broadway Avenue, and Bottineau Boulevard, until it meets the originally planned route near 73rd Avenue and West Broadway.<ref>{{cite web |title=Route Modification Report|url=https://metrocouncil.org/Transportation/Projects/Light-Rail-Projects/METRO-Blue-Line-Extension/Route.aspx|access-date= June 2, 2022}}</ref>

==Route==
[[File:Minneapolis Light Train.jpg|thumb|right|Light rail spine along 5th Street downtown, shared by the [[Metro Green Line (Minnesota)|Green Line]].]]
The Blue Line runs from downtown Minneapolis to the Mall of America for a length of {{convert|12|mi|km|1|abbr=on}}.<ref name="BL-facts" /> The southern terminus at the [[Mall of America station]] and transit center is located beneath the east parking ramp of the mall and has direct access to the mall.<ref name="dedicated">{{cite web |last1=Moore |first1=Janet |title=New $25 million Mall of America transit station set to welcome visitors 'in style' |url=http://www.startribune.com/overhauled-mall-of-america-transit-station-officially-dedicated/567885132/ |website=Star Tribune |publisher=Star Tribune |access-date=February 27, 2020 |date=February 19, 2020}}</ref> The station offers connections to the [[Metro Red Line (Minnesota)|Red Line]] and other local bus routes including those operated by [[Minnesota Valley Transit Authority]]. From the Mall of America trains travel east towards the [[28th Avenue station]] park-and-ride ramp. The route travels through Bloomington's South Loop District before reaching the [[Terminal 2–Humphrey station]] of the MSP Airport across from [[Fort Snelling National Cemetery]]. To cross the MSP Airport the line then enters a pair of {{convert|7300|ft|m}} tunnels that required a [[tunnel boring machine]] and cost $110 million to construct. While traveling through the tunnels, trains stop at the {{convert|65|ft|m}} underground [[Terminal 1–Lindbergh station]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wascoe Jr. |first1=Dan |title=Looking for light at the end of the tunnel |work=Star Tribune |date=October 8, 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Wascoe Jr. |first1=Dan |title=A boring project that's anything but |work=Star Tribune |date=August 30, 2002}}</ref> Once emerging from the tunnel, the line serves two park-and-ride lots at [[Fort Snelling station]]. From Fort Snelling station, the line travels on the surface in separated right of way parallel to [[Minnesota State Highway 55]] while stopping at stations near the VA Medical center, [[Minnehaha Park]], and other locations in south Minneapolis. Trains travel on bridges over traffic at busy intersections near [[Lake Street (Minneapolis)|Lake Street]] and Franklin Ave with overhead stations located at each crossing.

After crossing to the other side of Highway 55, the line runs on the former [[Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railroad|Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific]] [[Short Line Bridge|Short Line]] roadbed which brought ''[[Hiawatha (passenger train)|Hiawatha]]'' passenger trains to the [[Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Depot Freight House and Train Shed|downtown depot]]. After crossing I-35W on a dedicated bridge, the train begins to share tracks with the Green Line and enters downtown by traveling around [[U.S. Bank Stadium]]. The [[U.S. Bank Stadium station]] is surrounded by a pedestrian plaza that is used for loading riders onto trains after events at US Bank Stadium.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Harlow |first1=Tim |title=Metro Transit's Rail Control Center leans in to stadium learning curve |url=https://www.startribune.com/metro-transit-s-rail-control-center-leans-in-to-learning-curve/391507741/ |access-date=June 4, 2021 |work=Star Tribune |date=August 27, 2016}}</ref> While passing the [[Downtown East Commons]], the route travels through downtown on surface streets. The line shares the road with one lane of automobile traffic through downtown with the exception of the block along [[Government Plaza station]] where the street is closed and a pedestrian plaza connecting the [[Minneapolis City Hall]] and the [[Hennepin County Government Center]].<ref>{{cite news |title=On Monday, chunk of 5th St. will be closed permanently |work=Star Tribune |date=March 2, 2002}}</ref> With a stop at [[Nicollet Mall]] the line offers connections to an important transit and pedestrian corridor. The train terminates at [[Target Field station]] which offers connections to the [[Northstar Commuter Rail]].
{{#tag:mapframe| {{Map of Metro Blue Line (Minnesota)}} | width="450" | height="600" | longitude="-93.24" | latitude="44.92" | zoom="12" | align="center" | text="Metro Blue Line interactive map"}}

=== Stations ===
[[File:Hiawatha Line-Government Plaza.jpg|thumb|right| [[Government Plaza (Metro Transit station)|Government Plaza station]] in front of [[Minneapolis City Hall|City Hall]] ]]
Each of the [[List of Metro (Minnesota) light rail stations|19 stations]] along the route is designed in a unique architectural style reflective of the station's surrounding community. This is not an entirely new idea for the region, as many of the higher-traffic bus stops around the city have distinctive designs. Due to the unique makeup of Minneapolis' population, ticket-dispensing machines present instructions in four languages: [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Somali language|Somali]] and [[Hmong language|Hmong]]. Travel time is roughly two to three minutes between most stations.

The airport used to operate a bus shuttle between the two terminals, but the light-rail line has replaced that service. No fare is required to ride between the two airport stations and trains run between these 2 stations 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.<ref name="24-hour service"/> Only seven of the original 17 stations was built to accommodate three car trains, but due to the need to increase the line's capacity, the remaining stations were retrofitted or extended to accommodate three-car trains in 2009. The extensions were paid for primarily with federal money but the Metropolitan Council, Hennepin County, and city of Bloomington also contributed some funds.<ref name="Strib2009">{{cite news |last1=Duch |first1=Kevinschere |title=Light-rail upgrades running on time |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79012843/ |access-date=June 5, 2021 |work=Star Tribune |date=August 26, 2009}}</ref>

=== Station additions ===
The Blue Line was extended several blocks northwest from the [[Warehouse District/Hennepin Avenue station]] to the [[Target Field (Metro Transit station)|Target Field Station]] in 2009. The station was paid for by the [[Minnesota Twins]] as part of the construction and opening of [[Target Field]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Duchschere |first1=Kevin |title=Sprucing up 'round the park |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79014675/sprucing-up-round-the-park/ |access-date=June 5, 2021 |work=Star Tribune |date=October 28, 2009}}</ref> The two-level station has light rail platforms on the upper level for use by Blue Line and [[Green Line (Minnesota)|Green Line]] light rail trains, and platforms next to the [[BNSF Railway|BNSF]] mainline tracks passing beneath the station to serve the [[Northstar Line]] commuter rail. The under construction Green Line extension, also known as the [[Southwest Corridor (Minneapolis)|Southwest Corridor]], will connect directly to the end of the Blue Line to share service with the station.<ref>{{cite web |title = Minneapolis Detail Map |publisher = Hennepin County (Southwest Corridor) |url = http://www.southwesttransitway.org/minneapolis-detail-map.html |access-date = February 4, 2009 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081008031659/http://southwesttransitway.org/minneapolis-detail-map.html |archive-date = October 8, 2008}}</ref>

Largely federal money but also with some local contributions was secured for construction of the new [[American Boulevard (Metro Transit station)|American Boulevard Station]] in Bloomington between the [[Airport – Terminal 2-Humphrey (Metro Transit station)|Humphrey Terminal Station]] and [[Bloomington Central (Metro Transit station)|Bloomington Central Station]]. This station was included in the line's original plans, but was postponed due to cost overruns. Because much of the necessary underground infrastructure for the station was installed when the line was constructed, the station was built with minimal service interruptions.<ref name="Strib2009"/><ref>{{cite web | title = Two New Stations in the Works for Hiawatha Line in Minneapolis | publisher = Mass Transit Magazine | url = http://www.masstransitmag.com/web/online/Top-Transit-News/Two-New-Stations-in-the-Works-for-Hiawatha-Line-in-Minneapolis/3$1153 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220405142454/http://www.masstransitmag.com/web/online/Top-Transit-News/Two-New-Stations-in-the-Works-for-Hiawatha-Line-in-Minneapolis/3%241153 | url-status = dead | archive-date = April 5, 2022 | access-date = February 4, 2009}}</ref>

==Service==
[[File:Hiawatha Line Ticket.gif|left|thumb|A Metro Transit Ticket, valid for 2½ hours after purchase.]]
Passengers who ride the rail system are charged the same fare as they would pay for the local Metro Transit bus system, and they are able to use their bus transfer cards to switch between the two different modes of transportation without making another payment. A new payment system using [[smart card]]s (locally known as [[Go-To Card]]s) was initially expected to be introduced along with the rail line in June 2004, but [[computer bug|software bug]]s delayed introduction. By September 2006, the bugs were worked out and the Go-To Cards became operational.

In basic service trains operate every 10 to 15 minutes and operate less frequently in the early morning and late-night. Additional trains operate on Friday and Saturday nights.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.Metrotransit.org/route/901 |title= Metro Blue Line - Mpls - Airport - MOA |publisher=Metro Transit |access-date=July 7, 2016}}</ref> The line shuts down for about four hours each night, except for a shuttle service between the two terminals at the MSP airport which run 24 hours a day.<ref name="24-hour service" /> Vehicles have a capacity of 66 seated passengers and 120 standing. Currently two or three vehicles are run together to increase capacity.

===Ridership===
The line accounts for about 13% of Metro Transit's total ridership. Less than two years after opening, the line had already exceeded its 2020 weekday ridership goal of 24,800.<ref name="Light Rail Now"/> The line carried 10.6 million riders in 2015.<ref name="Ridership"/> In 2018 weekday ridership on the Blue Line was 32,921.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kerr |first1=Drew |title=Light rail, Bus Rapid Transit lines set annual ridership records |url=https://www.metrotransit.org/light-rail-bus-rapid-transit-lines-set-annual-ridership-records |access-date=June 3, 2021 |date=February 11, 2019}}</ref> Rideship for both the Green and Blue Lines combined was down 59% in 2020 due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Moore |first1=Janet |title=Met Council: Ridership on Metro Transit plunged in 2020, owing to pandemic |url=https://www.startribune.com/met-council-ridership-on-metro-transit-plunged-in-2020-owing-to-pandemic/600026478/ |access-date=June 3, 2021 |work=Star Tribune |date=February 23, 2021}}</ref>

===Fares===
The Blue Line uses a [[proof-of-payment]] system, requiring riders to carry tickets at all times. Fares are purchased before boarding, either at ticket machines located in the stations or by scanning a [[Go-To card]] at dedicated pedestals. Tickets are valid for 2 1/2 hours after purchase, with transfers available to other Metro lines as well as any Metro Transit bus routes. Fares can range from 50¢ within the two Downtown Zones of Minneapolis and St. Paul to $2.50 for adults in rush hours.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fares |url=https://www.metrotransit.org/fares |publisher=Metro Transit |access-date=June 3, 2021}}</ref>

==Rolling stock==
{{Main|Metro Transit rolling stock}}

The Blue Line uses 27 [[Bombardier Flexity Swift]] light rail vehicles (LRVs) manufactured by and 12 [[Siemens S70]] LRVs. The system is designed to operate on 750 volts DC. Trains can reach [[speed]]s of {{convert|55|mph|1}}, but the "general service speed" is about {{convert|40|mph|1|abbr=on}} or slower (especially in the congested downtown region). They are of a 70% [[low floor|low-floor]] design, meaning that 70 percent of the floor inside is within about {{convert|14|in|mm|sigfig=3}} of the ground. This is the same height as the rail platforms, allowing stepless access for passengers dependent on wheelchairs or other mobility aids. The feature also makes it easier for passengers with bicycles or strollers to board the train. Each vehicle weighs about {{convert|107000|lb|kg|sigfig=5|lk=on}} when empty. Minneapolis is the first and only city to use this LRV model in the United States.<ref name="vehicles">{{cite web
| title = Bombardier FLEXITY Swift – Minneapolis/St. Paul, USA | publisher = [[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier]] | url = http://bombardier.com/en/1_0/1_1/1_1_1_3_5.jsp| access-date = January 31, 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816153104/https://www.bombardier.com/en/1_0/1_1/1_1_1_3_5.jsp |archive-date=May 31, 2022}}</ref>

Vehicles have a [[livery|color scheme]] that is primarily a combination of blue, yellow, and white. Yellow was the color used on the previous streetcar system in the area. Each vehicle has an ''A'', ''B'' and ''C'' section: The ''A'' and ''B'' sections are the large portions on each end, while the ''C'' section is a small portion that connects the two other pieces and has the vehicle's middle truck or [[bogie]]. Electricity is collected by a [[pantograph (rail)|pantograph]] mounted on the ''B'' section. The first "Type I" LRV was delivered on March 19, 2003. 14 of 15 delivered vehicles were operational for the opening weekend. The initial order was eventually bumped up to a full 24 vehicles, which were operational by early 2005. Three additional vehicles were ordered in the winter of 2006/2007, using leftover funds from the construction budget for one vehicle and Hennepin County funds for the other two.

The noses of these vehicles are built to a different design than is standard for the Flexity Swift, containing a small scoop-shaped area. This assists in the removal of snow, but the anticipated snow-management method is merely to run trains on a frequent basis rather than actually using snow removal equipment (this was what the earlier streetcar system usually did to keep lines clear, though they also often featured small scrapers in front of the lead wheels).

Each vehicle has a number of cameras on board, pointing both inward and outward, to monitor passenger activity and other areas of interest for security and safety. Train stations also have cameras. Video feeds and the position of each vehicle on the line are monitored in a control room at the system's maintenance facility, located between Cedar-Riverside and Franklin Avenue stations.

According to Metropolitan Council meeting notes dated July 30, 2010, for the August 9 Transportation Committee meeting, [[Siemens|Siemens Industry Incorporated]] agreed to build the Light Rail Vehicles for the three-car train expansion project in a joint procurement with the [[Metro Green Line (Minnesota)|Green Line's]] initial LRV procurement, at a per-LRV cost of $3,297,714 and a total contract value of $153,211,516.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://councilmeetings.metc.state.mn.us/Transportation/2010/0809/0809_2010_275.pdf| title= Transportation Committee Business Item 2010-275| publisher=[[Metropolitan Council]]| date=July 30, 2010| access-date=August 6, 2010}}</ref> According to Mark Fuhrmann's presentation at the July 26, 2010, Transportation Committee meeting, these "Type II" LRVs are mechanically, but not electronically, compatible with the current fleet of 27 "type I" vehicles, so while the two generations are able to run at the same time and either type would be able to push a malfunctioning unit of the other type, multiple-unit trains can only be assembled of one type.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://Metrocouncil.granicus.com/MediaPlayer.php?view_id=2&clip_id=757| title= Transportation Committee Meeting July 26, 2010| publisher=[[Metropolitan Council]]| date=July 26, 2010| access-date=August 6, 2010}}</ref> The Metro Blue Line uses 12 "Type II" [[Siemens S70|S70]] LRVs.

==Safety==
[[Image:suvplustrain.jpg|right|thumb|Aftermath of a non-fatal accident]]
With an expansion of the light rail system happening with the opening of the Green Line in 2014, Metro Transit rolled out a new rail safety campaign, with representatives of Metro Transit customers visiting schools and organizations situated near the Blue Line to discuss rail safety.<ref name='startrib_LRT_accidents2013'>{{cite news | first = Tim | last = Harlow | title = The Drive: Prohibited turns bring light-rail mishaps | date = September 13, 2013 | url = http://www.startribune.com/local/minneapolis/222022221.html | work = The Star Tribune}}</ref> The campaign won a visual design award from the Minnesota Association of Government Communicators.<ref name='MAGC_award'>{{cite web | url = http://www.magconline.org/PDF/2013_MAGC_NL_Results.pdf | title = 2013 Award Winners | author = Minnesota Association of Government Communicators | date = May 20, 2013 | work = Northern Lights Awards | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130930074617/http://www.magconline.org/PDF/2013_MAGC_NL_Results.pdf | archive-date = September 30, 2013 }}</ref> By January 2015, there had been 11 deaths from accidents on the line, eight of them pedestrians.<ref>{{cite web|last=Nelson|first=Tim| title=Minneapolis light rail train hits, kills pedestrian|url=http://www.mprnews.org/story/2014/01/13/news/minneapolis-light-rail-train-hits-kills-pedestrian?from=hp|access-date=January 13, 2014|publisher=Minnesota Public Radio|date=January 13, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=McKinney|first1=Matt|title=Woman struck and killed by Blue Line light-rail train in south Minneapolis|url=http://www.startribune.com/local/minneapolis/264030591.html#MJQVzAlY1p4QVWHo.97|website=StarTribune|access-date=June 20, 2014}}</ref> After two more people were killed in separate incidents on the Blue Line, one a bicyclist and one a man in a wheelchair, signs saying "See Tracks? Think Train" were added at locations of recent deaths along the Blue Line and Green Line.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harlow|first1=Tim|title=Man hit by light-rail train is ID'd; witness says wheelchair had wheel in air|url=http://www.startribune.com/man-hit-by-light-rail-train-is-id-d/364251051/|website=StarTribune|access-date=January 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Harlow|first1=Tim|title=Rail safety signs pop up near three pedestrian deaths|url=http://www.startribune.com/rail-safety-messages-pop-up-near-three-recent-pedestrian-deaths/365154201/|website=StarTribune|access-date=January 22, 2016}}</ref> As of September 2019, 15 people have died in crashes with Blue Line trains.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Harlow |first1=Tim |title=Bicyclist killed in Minneapolis crash with light-rail train was Richfield man |url=https://www.startribune.com/bicyclist-killed-in-blue-line-lrt-crash-was-a-richfield-man/559477142/ |access-date=June 5, 2021 |work=Star Tribune |date=September 6, 2019}}</ref>

Additionally, there has been concern over violent assaults, robberies, and disorderly conduct that occurs on the station platforms while people wait for the trains. There was a murder by stabbing at the Lake Street/Midtown station in December 2014.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Collins|first1=Liz|title=Rail safety signs pop up near three pedestrian deaths|url=http://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2015/09/10/serious-crimes-happening-on-light-rail-trains-platforms/|website=WCCO|access-date=January 22, 2016}}</ref> Aggravated assaults, which involve the use of a weapon to cause serious injury, continued to increase through 2019 including another murder by stabbing at the Lake Street/Midtown station in October 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fox9.com/news/danger-on-the-line-assaults-up-at-light-rail-stations|title=Danger on the line: Assaults up at light rail stations|last=Lyden|first=Tom|date=October 31, 2019|website=FOX 9|language=en-US|access-date=January 23, 2020}}</ref> Increased police officer hours, including the use of plainclothes police officers, were added to address safety concerns in 2019. Other efforts included allowing riders to text a number to communicate with police and teams dedicated to helping homeless riders were added in the same year.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Callaghan |first1=Peter |title=Met Council chief vows to improve safety on Twin Cities buses, light rail |url=https://www.minnpost.com/state-government/2020/02/met-council-chief-vows-to-improve-safety-on-twin-cities-buses-light-rail/ |access-date=June 3, 2021 |work=[[MinnPost]] |date=February 13, 2020}}</ref> In January 2020, the Met Council approved $1.3 million in spending to install new 360-degree [[4K resolution]] cameras on all Metro Transit light rail cars by the end of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/01/22/metro-transit-considers-adding-new-cameras-to-light-rail/|title=Metro Transit Considers Adding New Cameras To Light Rail|date=January 22, 2020|language=en-US|access-date=January 23, 2020}}</ref> Another stabbing that resulted in death occurred on a train in Bloomington in January 2020, but no charges were filed due to claims of self-defense.<ref>{{cite news |title=No charges filed in fatal stabbing on Blue Line train |url=https://www.twincities.com/2020/01/24/no-charges-filed-in-fatal-stabbing-on-minnesota-light-rail/ |access-date=June 6, 2021 |work=St. Paul Pioneer Press |agency=Associated Press |date=January 24, 2020}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Hiawatha LRT Trail]]
* [[Metro Green Line (Minnesota)]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Attached KML |display=title,inline}}
{{Commons category|METRO Blue Line}}
*[http://www.Metrotransit.org/light-rail Metro Transit: Metro Blue Line]
*[http://world.nycsubway.org/us/minneapolis/index.html nycsubway.org: Hiawatha Line image collection]
*[http://www.Metrotransit.org/Schedules/WebSchedules.aspx?route=901 Route map and schedule]
*[http://www.cityrailtransit.com/maps/minneapolis_map.htm Network map (to scale)]
* {{cite web
| url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0v6ajnDCrkM
| title=[Front view] METRO Blue Line: Target Field (Minneapolis) to Mall of America
| publisher=[[Youtube]]
| date = 20 December 2022 
| access-date=17 March 2023
| author=otter_us/OtterSou}}

{{Twin Cities Transit}}
{{USLightRail}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Light rail in Minnesota]]
[[Category:Minneapolis–Saint Paul]]
[[Category:Transportation in Minneapolis]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 2004]]
[[Category:Airport rail links in the United States]]
[[Category:Transportation in Hennepin County, Minnesota]]
[[Category:750 V DC railway electrification]]
[[Category:Metro Transit (Minnesota)]]

Governor of Minnesota

2023-04-18T10:45:43Z

Luch4: /* Cabinet */

{{short description|Head of state and of the government of the U.S. state of Minnesota}}
{{For|a list|List of governors of Minnesota}}
{{Infobox Political post
| post = Governor
| body = Minnesota
| insignia =
| insigniasize = 150px
| insigniacaption = [[Seal of Minnesota|State seal]]
| image = Tim Walz official photo (cropped 2).jpg
| inaugural = [[Henry Hastings Sibley|Henry H. Sibley]]
| incumbent = [[Tim Walz]]
| incumbentsince = January 7, 2019
| preceded by = [[Mark Dayton]]
| style = The Honorable
| residence = [[Minnesota Governor's Residence]]
| termlength = Four years, no term limit
| formation = May 24, 1858
| deputy = [[List of lieutenant governors of Minnesota|Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota]]
| salary = $127,629
| website = {{Official_website}}
}}
{{Politics of Minnesota}}

The '''governor of Minnesota''' is the [[head of government]] of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Minnesota]], leading the state's [[Executive (government)|executive branch]]. Forty people have been governor of Minnesota, though historically there were also three governors of [[Minnesota Territory]]. [[Alexander Ramsey]], the first territorial governor, also served as state governor several years later. State governors are elected to office by popular vote, but territorial governors were appointed to the office by the [[President of the United States|United States president]]. The current governor of Minnesota is [[Tim Walz]] of the [[Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party|Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party]] (DFL).

==Powers and qualifications==
Similar to the [[President of the United States|U.S. President]], the governor has [[veto]] power over bills passed by the [[Minnesota Legislature|Minnesota State Legislature]]. As in most states, but unlike the U.S. President, the governor can also make [[line-item veto]]es, where specific provisions in bills can be stripped out while allowing the overall bill to be signed into law.

The governor of Minnesota must be 25 years old upon assuming office, and must have been a Minnesota resident for one year before the election.

Since a 1958 amendment to the [[Minnesota Constitution]] governors are elected to four-year terms, with [[term limits in the United States|no limits]] on the number of terms they may serve.<ref>{{cite web| title = The Green Papers: Minnesota 2006 Midterm Election| publisher = Richard E. Berg-Andersson, Research and Commentary| url = http://www.thegreenpapers.com/G06/MN.phtml| access-date =2008-09-05}}</ref>

==Cabinet==
{{update|date=March 2022}}

The governor has a [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]] consisting of the leaders of various state departments. The governor appoints these department heads, who, other than the head of the Department of Military Affairs and the chairs of the Metropolitan Council and the Metropolitan Sports Facilities Commission, are called [[commissioner]]s. Cabinet members include:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mn.gov/governor/administration/|title=Governor's Cabinet |access-date=2023-04-06 |archive-date= |archive-url= |url-status= }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!colspan=3 |Cabinet
|-
!Office
!Incumbent
!data-sort-type="date" |Term began
|-
|data-sort-value="Administration" |[[Minnesota Department of Administration|Commissioner of Administration]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Alice Roberts-Davis]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Agriculture" |[[Minnesota Department of Agriculture|Commissioner of Agriculture]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Thom Petersen (farmer)|Thom Petersen]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Commerce" |[[Minnesota Department of Commerce|Commissioner of Commerce]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Steve Kelley (politician)|Steve Kelley]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Corrections" |[[Minnesota Department of Corrections|Commissioner of Corrections]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Paul Schnell]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Education" |[[Minnesota Department of Education|Commissioner of Education]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Willie Jett]]
|data-sort-value="20210401" |January 2, 2023
|-
|data-sort-value="Employment and Economic Development" |[[Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development|Commissioner of Employment and Economic Development]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Steve Grove]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Health" |[[Minnesota Department of Health|Commissioner of Health]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Brooke Cunningham]]
|data-sort-value="20180130" |January 2, 2023
|-
|data-sort-value="Higher Education" |[[Minnesota Office of Higher Education|Commissioner of the Minnesota Office of Higher Education]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Dennis Olsen (academic)|Dennis Olsen]]{{cn|date=January 2019}}
| data-sort-value="20190107"|January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Housing Finance" |[[Minnesota Housing Finance Agency|Commissioner of the Minnesota Housing Finance Agency]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Jennifer Ho]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Human Rights" |[[Minnesota Department of Human Rights|Commissioner of Human Rights]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[https://mn.gov/mdhr/about/commissioner.jsp Rebecca Lucero] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412210134/https://mn.gov/mdhr/about/commissioner.jsp |date=2020-04-12 }}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mn.gov/mdhr/about/commissioner.jsp|title=commissioner|website=Minnesota.gov|access-date=2020-03-17|archive-date=2020-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412210134/https://mn.gov/mdhr/about/commissioner.jsp|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 3,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mn.gov/mdhr/about/commissioner.jsp|title=commissioner|website=Minnesota.gov|access-date=2020-03-17|archive-date=2020-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412210134/https://mn.gov/mdhr/about/commissioner.jsp|url-status=dead}}</ref> 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Human Services" |[[Minnesota Department of Human Services|Commissioner of Human Services]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[https://mn.gov/dhs/media/executive-staff-bios/media-bio-harpstead.jsp Jodi Harpstead]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mn.gov/dhs/media/executive-staff-bios/media-bio-harpstead.jsp|title=Commissioner Jodi Harpstead|last=jon. wittman|website=Minnesota Department of Human Services|access-date=2020-03-17}}</ref>
|data-sort-value="20190107" |August, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation" |[[Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation Board|Commissioner of the Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation Board]]
|data-sort-value="Phillips, Mark"align="center" |[[Ida Rukavina]]
|data-sort-value="20150119" |January 2, 2023
|-
|data-sort-value="IT Services" |[[Minnesota IT Services|Commissioner and Chief Information Officer of MN.IT Services]]
|data-sort-value="Tomes, Tarek"align="center" |[[Tarek Tomes]]
|data-sort-value="20180218" |April 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Labor and Industry" |[[Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry|Commissioner of Labor and Industry]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Nicole Blissenbach]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 2, 2023
|-
|data-sort-value="Management and Budget" |[[Minnesota Department of Management and Budget|Commissioner of Management and Budget]]
|data-sort-value="Frans, Myron"align="center" |[[Myron Frans]]
|data-sort-value="20150105" |January 5, 2015
|-
|data-sort-value="Mediation Services" |[[Minnesota Bureau of Mediation Services|Commissioner of the Minnesota Bureau of Mediation Services]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |Janet Johnson
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Metropolitan Council" |[[Metropolitan Council|Chairperson of the Metropolitan Council]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Nora Slawik]]
|data-sort-value="2019027" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Military Affairs" |[[Minnesota National Guard|Adjutant General]]
|data-sort-value="Jensen, Jon"align="center" |Maj. Gen. Shawn Manke<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cambridge native named new leader of the Minnesota National Guard |url=https://www.hometownsource.com/county_news_review/free/cambridge-native-named-new-leader-of-the-minnesota-national-guard/article_ac376bb6-dccc-11ea-b745-63f9b00eed8d.html |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=hometownsource.com |language=en}}</ref>
|data-sort-value="20171104" |August 12, 2020
|-
|data-sort-value="Natural Resources" |[[Minnesota Department of Natural Resources|Commissioner of Natural Resources]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Sarah Strommen]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Pollution Control" |[[Minnesota Pollution Control Agency|Commissioner of the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Laura Bishop]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Public Safety" |[[Minnesota Department of Public Safety|Commissioner of Public Safety]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |Bob Jacobson
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 2, 2023
|-
|data-sort-value="Revenue" |[[Minnesota Department of Revenue|Commissioner of Revenue]]
|data-sort-value="Bauerly, Cynthia"align="center" |[[Paul Marquart]]
|data-sort-value="20150105" |January 2, 2023
|-
|data-sort-value="Transportation" |[[Minnesota Department of Transportation|Commissioner of Transportation]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Margaret Anderson Kelliher]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Veterans Affairs" |[[Minnesota Department of Veterans Affairs|Commissioner of Veterans Affairs]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Larry Herke]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|}

==Residence==
{{Main|Minnesota Governor's Residence}}
The Minnesota Governor's Residence is located in [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|Saint Paul]], at 1006 [[Summit Avenue (St. Paul)|Summit Avenue]].

==Succession==
{{main|Gubernatorial lines of succession in the United States#Minnesota}}

==See also==
*[[List of Minnesota gubernatorial elections]]
*[[List of lieutenant governors of Minnesota]]
*[[Minnesota Secretary of State]]
*[[Attorney General of Minnesota|Minnesota Attorney General]]
*[[Minnesota State Auditor]]
*[[Minnesota State Treasurer]] (office abolished January 6, 2003)
*[[Politics of Minnesota]]
*[https://mn.gov/governor/administration/ Governor's Cabinet]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.governor.state.mn.us/ Website of the governor and lieutenant governor]
*[https://www.revisor.leg.state.mn.us/constitution/#article_5 Minnesota Constitution, Article V] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630010307/https://www.revisor.leg.state.mn.us/constitution/#article_5 |date=2016-06-30 }}
{{Minnesota}}
{{Governors of Minnesota}}
{{Current U.S. governors}}
{{US Chief Executives}}
{{Minnesota statewide elected officials}}
{{Government of Minnesota}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Governor Of Minnesota}}
[[Category:Governor of Minnesota|*]]
[[Category:1858 establishments in Minnesota]]

Governor of Minnesota

2023-04-06T12:45:14Z

Luch4: /* Cabinet */

{{short description|Head of state and of the government of the U.S. state of Minnesota}}
{{For|a list|List of governors of Minnesota}}
{{Infobox Political post
| post = Governor
| body = Minnesota
| insignia =
| insigniasize = 150px
| insigniacaption = [[Seal of Minnesota|State seal]]
| image = Tim Walz official photo (cropped 2).jpg
| inaugural = [[Henry Hastings Sibley|Henry H. Sibley]]
| incumbent = [[Tim Walz]]
| incumbentsince = January 7, 2019
| preceded by = [[Mark Dayton]]
| style = The Honorable
| residence = [[Minnesota Governor's Residence]]
| termlength = Four years, no term limit
| formation = May 24, 1858
| deputy = [[List of lieutenant governors of Minnesota|Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota]]
| salary = $127,629
| website = {{Official_website}}
}}
{{Politics of Minnesota}}

The '''governor of Minnesota''' is the [[head of government]] of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Minnesota]], leading the state's [[Executive (government)|executive branch]]. Forty people have been governor of Minnesota, though historically there were also three governors of [[Minnesota Territory]]. [[Alexander Ramsey]], the first territorial governor, also served as state governor several years later. State governors are elected to office by popular vote, but territorial governors were appointed to the office by the [[President of the United States|United States president]]. The current governor of Minnesota is [[Tim Walz]] of the [[Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party|Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party]] (DFL).

==Powers and qualifications==
Similar to the [[President of the United States|U.S. President]], the governor has [[veto]] power over bills passed by the [[Minnesota Legislature|Minnesota State Legislature]]. As in most states, but unlike the U.S. President, the governor can also make [[line-item veto]]es, where specific provisions in bills can be stripped out while allowing the overall bill to be signed into law.

The governor of Minnesota must be 25 years old upon assuming office, and must have been a Minnesota resident for one year before the election.

Since a 1958 amendment to the [[Minnesota Constitution]] governors are elected to four-year terms, with [[term limits in the United States|no limits]] on the number of terms they may serve.<ref>{{cite web| title = The Green Papers: Minnesota 2006 Midterm Election| publisher = Richard E. Berg-Andersson, Research and Commentary| url = http://www.thegreenpapers.com/G06/MN.phtml| access-date =2008-09-05}}</ref>

==Cabinet==
{{update|date=March 2022}}

The governor has a [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]] consisting of the leaders of various state departments. The governor appoints these department heads, who, other than the head of the Department of Military Affairs and the chairs of the Metropolitan Council and the Metropolitan Sports Facilities Commission, are called [[commissioner]]s. Cabinet members include:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mn.gov/governor/administration/|title=Governor's Cabinet |access-date=2023-04-06 |archive-date= |archive-url= |url-status= }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!colspan=3 |Cabinet
|-
!Office
!Incumbent
!data-sort-type="date" |Term began
|-
|data-sort-value="Administration" |[[Minnesota Department of Administration|Commissioner of Administration]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Alice Roberts-Davis]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Agriculture" |[[Minnesota Department of Agriculture|Commissioner of Agriculture]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Thom Petersen (farmer)|Thom Petersen]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Commerce" |[[Minnesota Department of Commerce|Commissioner of Commerce]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Steve Kelley (politician)|Steve Kelley]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Corrections" |[[Minnesota Department of Corrections|Commissioner of Corrections]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Paul Schnell]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Education" |[[Minnesota Department of Education|Commissioner of Education]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Willie Jett]]
|data-sort-value="20210401" |January 2, 2023
|-
|data-sort-value="Employment and Economic Development" |[[Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development|Commissioner of Employment and Economic Development]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Steve Grove]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Health" |[[Minnesota Department of Health|Commissioner of Health]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Brooke Cunningham]]
|data-sort-value="20180130" |January 2, 2023
|-
|data-sort-value="Higher Education" |[[Minnesota Office of Higher Education|Commissioner of the Minnesota Office of Higher Education]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Dennis Olsen (academic)|Dennis Olsen]]{{cn|date=January 2019}}
| data-sort-value="20190107"|January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Housing Finance" |[[Minnesota Housing Finance Agency|Commissioner of the Minnesota Housing Finance Agency]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Jennifer Ho]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Human Rights" |[[Minnesota Department of Human Rights|Commissioner of Human Rights]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[https://mn.gov/mdhr/about/commissioner.jsp Rebecca Lucero] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412210134/https://mn.gov/mdhr/about/commissioner.jsp |date=2020-04-12 }}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mn.gov/mdhr/about/commissioner.jsp|title=commissioner|website=Minnesota.gov|access-date=2020-03-17|archive-date=2020-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412210134/https://mn.gov/mdhr/about/commissioner.jsp|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 3,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mn.gov/mdhr/about/commissioner.jsp|title=commissioner|website=Minnesota.gov|access-date=2020-03-17|archive-date=2020-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412210134/https://mn.gov/mdhr/about/commissioner.jsp|url-status=dead}}</ref> 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Human Services" |[[Minnesota Department of Human Services|Commissioner of Human Services]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[https://mn.gov/dhs/media/executive-staff-bios/media-bio-harpstead.jsp Jodi Harpstead]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mn.gov/dhs/media/executive-staff-bios/media-bio-harpstead.jsp|title=Commissioner Jodi Harpstead|last=jon. wittman|website=Minnesota Department of Human Services|access-date=2020-03-17}}</ref>
|data-sort-value="20190107" |August, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation" |[[Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation Board|Commissioner of the Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation Board]]
|data-sort-value="Phillips, Mark"align="center" |[[Ida Rukavina]]
|data-sort-value="20150119" |January 2, 2023
|-
|data-sort-value="IT Services" |[[Minnesota IT Services|Commissioner and Chief Information Officer of MN.IT Services]]
|data-sort-value="Tomes, Tarek"align="center" |[[Tarek Tomes]]
|data-sort-value="20180218" |April 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Labor and Industry" |[[Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry|Commissioner of Labor and Industry]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Nicole Blissenbach]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 2, 2023
|-
|data-sort-value="Management and Budget" |[[Minnesota Management and Budget|Commissioner of Management and Budget]]
|data-sort-value="Frans, Myron"align="center" |[[Myron Frans]]
|data-sort-value="20150105" |January 5, 2015
|-
|data-sort-value="Mediation Services" |[[Minnesota Bureau of Mediation Services|Commissioner of the Minnesota Bureau of Mediation Services]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |Janet Johnson
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Metropolitan Council" |[[Metropolitan Council|Chairperson of the Metropolitan Council]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Nora Slawik]]
|data-sort-value="2019027" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Military Affairs" |[[Minnesota National Guard|Adjutant General]]
|data-sort-value="Jensen, Jon"align="center" |Maj. Gen. Shawn Manke<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cambridge native named new leader of the Minnesota National Guard |url=https://www.hometownsource.com/county_news_review/free/cambridge-native-named-new-leader-of-the-minnesota-national-guard/article_ac376bb6-dccc-11ea-b745-63f9b00eed8d.html |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=hometownsource.com |language=en}}</ref>
|data-sort-value="20171104" |August 12, 2020
|-
|data-sort-value="Natural Resources" |[[Minnesota Department of Natural Resources|Commissioner of Natural Resources]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Sarah Strommen]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Pollution Control" |[[Minnesota Pollution Control Agency|Commissioner of the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Laura Bishop]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Public Safety" |[[Minnesota Department of Public Safety|Commissioner of Public Safety]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |Bob Jacobson
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 2, 2023
|-
|data-sort-value="Revenue" |[[Minnesota Department of Revenue|Commissioner of Revenue]]
|data-sort-value="Bauerly, Cynthia"align="center" |[[Paul Marquart]]
|data-sort-value="20150105" |January 2, 2023
|-
|data-sort-value="Transportation" |[[Minnesota Department of Transportation|Commissioner of Transportation]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Margaret Anderson Kelliher]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Veterans Affairs" |[[Minnesota Department of Veterans Affairs|Commissioner of Veterans Affairs]]
|data-sort-value="align="center" |[[Larry Herke]]
|data-sort-value="20190107" |January 7, 2019
|-
|}

==Residence==
{{Main|Minnesota Governor's Residence}}
The Minnesota Governor's Residence is located in [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|Saint Paul]], at 1006 [[Summit Avenue (St. Paul)|Summit Avenue]].

==Succession==
{{main|Gubernatorial lines of succession in the United States#Minnesota}}

==See also==
*[[List of Minnesota gubernatorial elections]]
*[[List of lieutenant governors of Minnesota]]
*[[Minnesota Secretary of State]]
*[[Attorney General of Minnesota|Minnesota Attorney General]]
*[[Minnesota State Auditor]]
*[[Minnesota State Treasurer]] (office abolished January 6, 2003)
*[[Politics of Minnesota]]
*[https://mn.gov/governor/administration/ Governor's Cabinet]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.governor.state.mn.us/ Website of the governor and lieutenant governor]
*[https://www.revisor.leg.state.mn.us/constitution/#article_5 Minnesota Constitution, Article V] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630010307/https://www.revisor.leg.state.mn.us/constitution/#article_5 |date=2016-06-30 }}
{{Minnesota}}
{{Governors of Minnesota}}
{{Current U.S. governors}}
{{US Chief Executives}}
{{Minnesota statewide elected officials}}
{{Government of Minnesota}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Governor Of Minnesota}}
[[Category:Governor of Minnesota|*]]
[[Category:1858 establishments in Minnesota]]

Metro Green Line (Minnesota)

2023-03-27T05:47:37Z

Luch4: /* External links */

{{About|the line in Minneapolis–St. Paul|other Green Lines|Green Line (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2022}}

{{Infobox rail line
| box_width =
| name = Metro Green Line
| logo = Metro Minnesota icon.svg
| logo_width = 30px
| color = {{rcr|Metro (Minnesota)|Green}}
| image = Stadium Village station.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| caption = A westbound train at [[Stadium Village station]] in 2015
| type = [[Light rail]]
| system = [[Metro (Minnesota)|Metro]] Light Rail
| status = Operational (Phase One) and ''under construction (Phase Two)''
| locale = [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul]], [[Minnesota]], U.S.
| start = {{stn|Target Field}} (West)
| end = [[Saint Paul Union Depot]] (East)
| stations = 23 (18 stations on the corridor to St. Paul & 5 shared with the [[Blue Line (Minnesota)|Blue Line]]) (''16 more planned on the [[Southwest LRT|Green Line Extension]]'')
| routes =
| daily_ridership = 44,004 (avg. weekday, 2019)<ref name="Ridership">{{cite press release |date=March 5, 2020 |title=Light rail, Bus Rapid Transit lines set annual ridership records |url=https://www.metrotransit.org/ridership-growing-in-corridors-with-fast-frequent-service |publisher=[[Metro Transit (Minnesota)|Metro Transit]] |access-date=March 10, 2020}}</ref>
| open = June 14, 2014<ref name="open-date">{{cite press release|title=Green Line Homepage|url=http://metrocouncil.org/Transportation/Projects/Current-Projects/Central-Corridor.aspx|publisher=Metropolitan Council|date=June 9, 2014|access-date=June 9, 2014}}</ref>
| close =
| owner =
| operator = [[Metro Transit (Minnesota)|Metro Transit]]
| character = At-grade
| stock = Siemens [[Siemens S700 and S70|S70 and S700]]<ref name="taut-2020oct">{{Cite news |last= |date=October 2020 |title=Worldwide Review [regular news section] |page=402 |work=[[Tramways & Urban Transit]] |publisher=Mainspring Enterprises Ltd. |issue=994 |location=UK |issn=1460-8324}}</ref>
| linelength = {{convert|11|mi|km|abbr=on}} (operational)<ref name="route" /> ''{{convert|26.8|mi|abbr=on}} (planned)''{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}
| tracklength =
| tracks =
| gauge = {{RailGauge|ussg|allk=on}}
| electrification = {{750 V DC|conductor=overhead}}
| speed =
| elevation =
| routenumber = 902 (whole line) 992 (night bus and replacement bus)
| map = {{Green Line (Minnesota)}}
| map_state = collapsed
| map_name = Route diagram
}}

The [[Metro (Minnesota)|Metro]] '''Green Line''' (formerly called the Central Corridor) is an {{convert|11|mi|km|adj=on}}<ref name="route">{{cite web |url=http://www.metrocouncil.org/Transportation/Projects/Current-Projects/Central-Corridor/Route.aspx|title=Central Corridor - Route |publisher=Metropolitan Council |access-date=June 15, 2014}}</ref><ref name="fact-sheet" /> [[light rail]] line that connects the central business districts of [[Minneapolis]] and [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|Saint Paul]] in [[Minnesota]] as well as the University of Minnesota. An [[Southwest LRT|extension]] is under construction that will extend the line to the southwest connecting [[St. Louis Park, Minnesota|St. Louis Park]], [[Hopkins, Minnesota|Hopkins]], [[Minnetonka, Minnesota|Minnetonka]] and [[Eden Prairie, Minnesota|Eden Prairie]]. The line follows the path of former [[Metro Transit (Minnesota)|Metro Transit]] bus route 16 along [[University Avenue (Minneapolis-St. Paul)|University Avenue]] and [[Washington Avenue (Minneapolis)|Washington Avenue]] (which runs from downtown Minneapolis through the [[University of Minnesota]] main campus). It is the second light-rail line in the region, after the [[METRO Blue Line|Blue Line]], which opened in 2004 and connects Minneapolis with the southern suburb of [[Bloomington, Minnesota|Bloomington]].

Construction on the Green Line began in late 2010.<ref name="official site">{{cite web| title=Central Corridor Light Rail Transit (LRT)| url=http://www.metrocouncil.org/transportation/ccorridor/centralcorridor.asp| publisher=Metropolitan Council| year=2010| access-date=December 30, 2010| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515075708/http://www.metrocouncil.org/transportation/ccorridor/centralcorridor.asp| archive-date=May 15, 2011| df=mdy-all}}</ref> It opened to the public on June 14, 2014.<ref name="start">{{cite web| author=Nelson, Tim | title=Green Line light rail service to start June 14 | url=http://www.mprnews.org/story/2014/01/22/news/green-line-light-rail-start-date?from=hp | publisher= Minnesota Public Radio | date=January 22, 2014 | access-date=January 22, 2014}}</ref> The travel time between the downtown Minneapolis and downtown St. Paul stops is about 46 minutes.<ref name="fact-sheet">{{cite web| title=Metro Green Line Fact Sheet| url=http://metrocouncil.org/Transportation/Projects/Current-Projects/Central-Corridor/Publications-And-Resources/Miscellaneous-Documents/Metro-Green-Line-Fact-Sheet.aspx| publisher=Metropolitan Council| year=2014| access-date=May 29, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140612212020/http://metrocouncil.org/Transportation/Projects/Current-Projects/Central-Corridor/Publications-And-Resources/Miscellaneous-Documents/Metro-Green-Line-Fact-Sheet.aspx| archive-date=June 12, 2014| url-status=dead}}</ref> The entire line originally operated 24 hours a day, seven days a week, but as of 2019 trains are replaced by buses from 2 am to 4 am on weekdays.<ref name="2019 Service Change">{{cite web|access-date=September 30, 2019|url=https://www.metrotransit.org/green-line-service-changes-protect-investment-shift-focus-to-better-housing-options|publisher=Metro Transit|title=Green Line service changes protect investment, shift focus to better housing options|date=May 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930055706/https://www.metrotransit.org/green-line-service-changes-protect-investment-shift-focus-to-better-housing-options
|archive-date=September 30, 2019}}</ref> In 2018, the line carried a total of 13.8 million passengers.<ref name="Ridership"/>

== History ==

===Former streetcar and bus lines===
The route is a descendant of the [[Twin City Rapid Transit Company]]'s St. Paul–Minneapolis [[streetcar]] line, also referred to as the [[Interurban]] line. Streetcars became practical along the route with the advent of [[Railway electrification system|electrification]], and full service began along the route on December 9, 1890.<ref name="olson37">{{cite book|title=The Electric Railways of Minnesota|author=Russell L. Olson|publisher=Minnesota Transportation Museum, Inc.|year=1976|location=Hopkins, Minnesota|page=37}}</ref> In the 1950s, a decision was made to convert the streetcar system to [[bus]]es. Streetcar service along the Interurban line ended in Saint Paul on October 31, 1953, and the route was the last to carry passengers in the city. Service continued a short while longer in Minneapolis, until November 28.<ref name="olson65">Olson. p. 65.</ref> However, due to fragmentary service elsewhere in Minneapolis, streetcars continued to use the tracks along University Avenue to reach the shops at [[Minnesota State Highway 51|Snelling Avenue]] in Saint Paul until June 1954.{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}

The route 16 bus was developed to replace the streetcar, and followed the route of the modern-day Green Line.<ref>{{cite web |date=June 13, 2013 |title=Route 16: The original Minneapolis-St. Paul connection |url=http://www.metrotransit.org/route-16-the-original-minneapolis-st-paul-connection |publisher=Metro Transit |access-date=November 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108195257/http://www.metrotransit.org/route-16-the-original-minneapolis-st-paul-connection |archive-date=November 8, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Other parallel service included freeway express service on route 94 and limited-stop service to the University of Minnesota on route 50.<ref>{{cite news |last=Platt |first=Adam |date=May 15, 2014 |title=Will Metro Transit's Green Line really replace 500 bus trips? |url=https://www.minnpost.com/twin-cities-business/2014/05/will-metro-transit-s-green-line-really-replace-500-bus-trips |work=[[MinnPost]] |access-date=November 7, 2016}}</ref> Twin City Lines continued to privately operate buses until 1970, when the company was taken over by the Metropolitan Transit Commission, a precursor to Metro Transit.{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}

===Proposals===
In 1972, the Regional Fixed Guideway Study for the Metropolitan Transit Commission (the forerunner of today's Metro Transit) proposed a $1.3 billion 37- or 57-mile (sources differ) heavy-rail [[rapid transit]] system, but the then-separate [[Metropolitan Council]] disagreed with that idea – refusing to even look at the plan – and continuing political battles meant that it was never implemented. The Met Council had its own plans for [[bus rapid transit]] in the metropolitan region. Another system using smaller [[people mover]]s was proposed in the 1975 Small Vehicle Fixed Guideway Study and gained the most traction with the Saint Paul city council, but was eventually dropped in 1980.

In the 1980s, light rail was proposed as an alternative and several possible corridors were identified, including the Central Corridor line which had a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) drawn up in 1982.<ref name="met-council-40">{{cite web|url=http://www.metrocouncil.org/about/metcouncilhistory.pdf|title=A bold experiment: the Metropolitan Council at 40|publisher=Metropolitan Council|access-date=December 16, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613070633/http://metrocouncil.org/about/MetCouncilHistory.pdf|archive-date=June 13, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.citypages.com/blotter/2008/05/a_train_between.php|title=A train linking Minneapolis and St. Paul? We had that scoop in 1984|work=City Pages|author=Jeff Severns Guntzel|date=May 19, 2008|access-date=February 17, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217082303/http://blogs.citypages.com/blotter/2008/05/a_train_between.php|archive-date=February 17, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=ALL ABOARD: For the Transit Study that Never Ends|work=City Pages|date=September 5, 1984}}</ref> It took another two decades before the Blue Line light rail line began operation. It began service on June 26, 2004, just over 50 years since the last regular-service streetcar ran on June 19, 1954.

===Central Corridor Coordinating Committee===
The ''Central Corridor Coordinating Committee'' was a workgroup in the [[Minneapolis, Minnesota|Minneapolis]]-[[St. Paul, Minnesota|St. Paul]] area set up to explore transit options for the [[Central Corridor (Minnesota)|Central Corridor]], the [[interurban]] corridor roughly following [[University Avenue (Minneapolis-St. Paul)|University Avenue]] in the Twin Cities area. After a long period of examination, this committee narrowed transit options for the corridor from a broad universe of choices to just three: a no-build option where services are only incrementally improved, a [[bus rapid transit]] (BRT) option, wherein buses run on semi-dedicated transitway, and a [[light rail transit]] (LRT) option using light rail vehicles (LRVs). In May 2006 the CCCC concluded its study by publishing a Draft Environmental Impact Study, which concluded that LRT was the best option for the corridor. After a period of public meetings and public comment, the CCCC recommended on June 6, 2006, that the [[Metropolitan Council]] select LRT as the locally preferred alternative for the corridor and apply for preliminary engineering to begin.<ref>{{cite news|first=Laurie |last=Blake |url=http://www.startribune.com/462/story/477369.html |title=Trains, not Buses on Central Corridor |publisher=[[Minneapolis Star-Tribune]] |date=June 6, 2006 |access-date=June 7, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070102052158/http://www.startribune.com/462/story/477369.html  |archive-date=January 2, 2007 }}</ref> On June 28, 2006, the Metropolitan Council concurred with the CCCC's decision and officially selected LRT as the locally preferred alternative.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.metrocouncil.org/news/2006/news_537.htm |title=Metropolitan Council approves light rail along Central Corridor |publisher=[[Metropolitan Council]] |date=June 28, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928094446/http://www.metrocouncil.org/news/2006/news_537.htm |archive-date=September 28, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.centralcorridor.org/|title=Welcome to the Central Corridor|publisher=Central Corridor Coordinating Committee|access-date=June 29, 2006}}</ref>

Metropolitan Council manages all transit, waterway, and other public resources for the seven-county area surrounding the Twin Cities, and as such, the Central Corridor project will now transition to Metropolitan Council. The work of the Central Corridor Coordinating Committee is now complete.

===Funding===
A 2003 study commissioned by the Central Corridor Coordinating Committee placed the cost at US$840 million. Cost estimates placed the cost of the light rail line in 2003, at about US$957 million, with the increase primarily due to inflation over the following decade.<ref name="MetCouncil_FAQ">{{cite web|title=Central Corridor LRT: Frequently asked questions |url=http://www.metrocouncil.org/transportation/ccorridor/ccfaq.htm |publisher=Metropolitan Council |date=June 27, 2008 |access-date=August 27, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612083026/http://www.metrocouncil.org/transportation/ccorridor/ccfaq.htm |archive-date=June 12, 2011 }}</ref> On June 6, 2006, the light rail option was endorsed by the Central Corridor Coordinating Committee.<ref>{{cite news| first=Laurie| last=Blake| url=http://www.startribune.com/462/story/477369.html|title=Trains, not Buses on Central Corridor| publisher=[[Minneapolis Star-Tribune]]| date=June 6, 2006| access-date=June 7, 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070102052158/http://www.startribune.com/462/story/477369.html  |archive-date = January 2, 2007}}</ref> The [[Metropolitan Council]] gave final approval to this decision on June 28, 2006.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.metrocouncil.org/news/2006/news_537.htm |title=Metropolitan Council approves light rail along Central Corridor |publisher=[[Metropolitan Council]] |date=June 28, 2006 |access-date=August 27, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928094446/http://www.metrocouncil.org/news/2006/news_537.htm |archive-date=September 28, 2007 }}</ref>

The existing Blue Line has exceeded ridership predictions, as is the case with many other light rail lines constructed in the U.S. during the last decade.<ref>{{cite web | title = Hiawatha Light Rail Transit facts | publisher = Metropolitan Council | url = http://www.metrocouncil.org/about/facts/HiawathaLRTFacts.pdf | access-date = April 9, 2008 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080411161159/http://www.metrocouncil.org/about/facts/HiawathaLRTFacts.pdf | archive-date = April 11, 2008 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> This led to some delays for the Central Corridor project because local transit officials were forced to retool ridership models before submitting projections to the [[Federal Transit Administration]] (FTA). The Metropolitan Council, which operates Metro Transit, submitted numbers showing that a light rail line would carry 43,000 passengers daily by the year 2030. The FTA agreed that the line would be cost-effective at this level, a key requirement for obtaining federal funding.<ref>{{cite news| first=Bill| last=Salisbury| url=http://www.twincities.com/mld/twincities/14154845.htm| title=Central Corridor light rail wins key OK| publisher=[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]]| date=March 22, 2006| access-date=April 5, 2006}}</ref>

In April 2008, Governor [[Tim Pawlenty]] initially [[line item veto|vetoed]] $70 million in funding for the Central Corridor project, along with other items, from the state budget. The funding was part of a state-local package of $227 million necessary to get federal transportation funds, and the future of the project was in doubt<ref>{{cite news | title=Central Corridor dead – or alive? | work=[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]] | first=Bill | last=Salisbury |author2=Dave Orrick | date=April 9, 2008}}</ref> until May 18, 2008, when a revised bonding bill including the $70 million for the Central Corridor was passed in the Legislature and signed into law by the governor.<ref>{{cite web| first=Tom | last=Scheck| date=May 18, 2008 | url=http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2008/05/18/deal/| title=Deal reached at Capitol with little time to spare | publisher=[[Minnesota Public Radio]]}}</ref> In August 2009 the Central Corridor project received a Record of Decision from the Federal Transit Administration. The FTA found the project to have fully and accurately completed its environmental documentation with the publication of the Final Environmental Impact statement earlier in the summer, thus clearing the project for final design.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.metrocouncil.org/transportation/ccorridor/ROD/RODAug2009.htm| title=Central Corridor Project Record of Decision| publisher=[[Metropolitan Council]]| date=August 19, 2009| access-date=August 20, 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430221902/http://www.metrocouncil.org/transportation/ccorridor/ROD/RODAug2009.htm| archive-date=April 30, 2010| df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Construction===
[[File:METRO Green Line construction (5596780051).jpg|thumb|Green Line under construction]]
The first construction began in late 2010, including work in downtown St. Paul and near the University of Minnesota campus.<ref name="official site" /> By November 2011, construction was about 32% complete, including most heavy construction such as the installation of track segments, a new bridge, partial completion of stations, a rebuilt skyway in St. Paul and the construction of Green Line facilities at St. Paul Union Station.<ref>{{cite web|title=Heavy construction wrapping up on Central Corridor light-rail project |url=http://www.progressiverailroading.com/passenger_rail/article/Heavy-construction-wrapping-up-on-Central-Corridor-lightrail-project--28719 |publisher=Progressive Railroading |access-date=November 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509215525/http://www.progressiverailroading.com/passenger_rail/article/Heavy-construction-wrapping-up-on-Central-Corridor-lightrail-project--28719 |archive-date=May 9, 2012 |date=November 3, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Due to scope of project, a venture was created by C.S. McCrossan and Ames to complete an area known as The Civil West Project. This area extended from the west side of the 35W abutment, over the Mississippi River, through the UofM campus and ending at Bedford St. From Bedford to Saint Paul, Walsh Construction served as the general contractor.

In July 2011, the Metropolitan Council officially named the Central Corridor as the Green Line.<ref name="color names">{{cite web|url=http://www.metrocouncil.org/newsletter/transit2011/TransitLineColorsJuly.htm |title=Met Council approves line color names for region's developing transitway system |publisher=[[Metropolitan Council]] |date=July 2011 |access-date=August 31, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807233244/http://www.metrocouncil.org/newsletter/transit2011/TransitLineColorsJuly.htm |archive-date=August 7, 2011 }}</ref> As of August 2013, construction was completed and test trains began running over the line which opened to the public on June 14, 2014.<ref name="start" />

An interesting component of the Green Line project was the complexities in design layout. Land surveyors worked directly with over twelve subcontractors to complete the work. A particular area required exclusive attention and support, that being outside the University of Minnesota's biology department. Between Pleasant and Harvard streets there was 1/8" of tolerance between design and as-builds. Control factors used in the biology labs would be impacted by the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nearby light rail. The 1/8" tolerance is said to cancel out any EMR that the light rail may produce.

=== Additional stations ===
[[File:Saint Paul Green Line Central Station.jpg|thumb|[[Central (Metro Transit station)|Central Station]] of the Green Line in downtown Saint Paul]]
Some in favor of the line have expressed concern with the number of stations.<ref name="Foti_2008a" /> The neighborhoods along University have demanded that the line have stations every half-mile, from Snelling to Rice Street, which would mean stations at Hamline Avenue, Victoria Street and Western Avenue. In February 2008, the Central Corridor Management Committee passed a resolution to include below-ground infrastructure for the Hamline, Victoria and Western stations "with the understanding that, if the CEI increases or other dollars are made available by mid-summer 2008, the first claim on those dollars would be one of the infill stations."<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.metrocouncil.org/transportation/ccorridor/CCMC/2008/022708Minutes.pdf| title=Meeting of the Central Corridor Management Committee February 27, 2008| publisher=Central Corridor Management Committee| date=February 27, 2008| access-date=August 20, 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616050240/http://metrocouncil.org/transportation/ccorridor/CCMC/2008/022708Minutes.pdf| archive-date=June 16, 2010| df=mdy-all}}</ref> The Metropolitan Council has included this infrastructure work in their Draft Environmental Impact Statement and has also committed to building one station if any funds become available.

As of 2009, the [[Federal Transit Administration]] has increased the Cost Effectiveness Index such that buildout of one station is now feasible.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.fta.dot.gov/planning/newstarts/planning_environment_9063.html| title=FY 2009 New Starts and Small Starts Evaluation and Rating Process| publisher=[[Federal Transit Administration]]| year=2009| access-date=August 20, 2009| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119064055/http://www.fta.dot.gov/planning/newstarts/planning_environment_9063.html| archive-date=January 19, 2010| df=mdy-all}}</ref> On January 25, 2010, the FTA announced that the three "infill" stations will be built. Upon opening, all five stations between Snelling and Rice Street were built - Hamline Ave, Lexington Pkwy, Victoria St, Dale St, and Western Ave.<ref name="metrotransit.org">{{Cite web|url=http://www.metrotransit.org/metro-green-line|title = METRO Green Line - Metro Transit| publisher= Metro Transit| access-date=August 14, 2022}}</ref>

==Route==
{{#tag:mapframe| {{Map of Metro Green Line (Minnesota)}} | width="650" | height="350" | longitude="-93.18" | latitude="44.96" | zoom="12" | align="center" | text="Metro Green Line interactive map"}}

== Opposition ==

Many businesses along the line were opposed to its development because of reduced access for automobiles.<ref name="Foti_2008a">{{cite news| first=Jim| last=Foti| url=http://www.startribune.com/local/stpaul/15960067.html| title=Central Corridor: Cost concerns put Plan B in driver's seat| publisher=Minneapolis Star-Tribune| date=February 25, 2008| access-date=August 27, 2008| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228034512/http://www.startribune.com/local/stpaul/15960067.html| archive-date=February 28, 2008| df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| first=Chris| last=Havens| url=http://www.startribune.com/local/stpaul/26013259.html| title=Giving up parking spots on University, but for what? | publisher=Minneapolis Star-Tribune| date=July 29, 2008| access-date=August 27, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| first=Laura| last=Yuen| url=http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2008/08/11/lrt_opposition/| title=University Avenue business owners step up opposition to LRT | publisher=Minnesota Public Radio | date=August 11, 2008| access-date=August 27, 2008}}</ref> Under the final plans, 87% of on-street parking disappeared along University Avenue between Raymond Avenue and Rice Street. At least one restaurant has cited light rail construction as a reason for closing.<ref>{{cite news| first=Rachel| last=Slavik| url=http://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2011/03/31/porkys-in-st-paul-to-close-doors-sunday/ |title=Porky's in St. Paul To Close Doors Sunday |publisher=CBS Minnesota |date=March 31, 2011| access-date=January 25, 2012}}</ref>

The corridor contains working-class residents and immigrant populations from [[Laos]] and [[Vietnam]]. Although the Green Line construction is mostly on an existing roadway and no land will be condemned, the disruption to existing transit and pedestrian ways was a concern to some groups. There is also concern that stops for light rail will be placed too far apart and along with reductions in bus service, transportation options for people will be reduced. Others are concerned about [[gentrification]], where rising property values and taxes could force out lower-income residents.<ref>{{cite news|first=Laura|last=Yuen|url=http://www.twincities.com/mld/twincities/14293474.htm|title=Rondo haunting light-rail debate|publisher=St. Paul Pioneer Press|date=April 9, 2006|access-date=April 9, 2006}}</ref>

Others have opposed using Washington Avenue for a pedestrian transit mall and have opposed using the Washington Avenue bridge, citing traffic concerns, along with the age of the bridge, when other bridges upriver could be used to cross the Mississippi River: the [[10th Avenue Bridge]], the [[I-35W Saint Anthony Falls Bridge|new I-35W bridge]] or the [[Northern Pacific Bridge Number 9]]. This last option was preferred by the [[University of Minnesota]], which feared traffic disruption and vibration at some of their research facilities from use of the Washington Avenue route.<ref>{{cite news| first=Jim| last=Foti| url=http://www.startribune.com/local/stpaul/19291439.html| title=Volume rises as U, Met Council debate Central Corridor route| publisher=Minneapolis Star-Tribune| date=May 28, 2008| access-date=August 27, 2008| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607002241/http://www.startribune.com/local/stpaul/19291439.html| archive-date=June 7, 2011| df=mdy-all}}</ref> In late summer 2008, preliminary engineering reports showed that mitigation work could negate the effects of vibrations on university laboratory equipment. The University of Minnesota renewed its objections over vibration concerns along Washington Avenue in late 2009. Negotiations between the Metropolitan Council and the university continued into early 2010. A compromise was reached between the university and the Metropolitan Council and the Washington Avenue bridge was selected for use. As of Summer 2011, work had begun on the Washington Avenue bridge.

In January 2009, [[Minnesota Public Radio]] (MPR) raised concerns over the effects of the light-rail trains on their recording studios on Cedar Street in downtown St. Paul. MPR presented the results of an engineering study which they sponsored that conflicted with that performed by the Metropolitan Council. A settlement between MPR and other involved parties will keep the light rail trains on Cedar Street and will also compensate MPR for the addition of sound-proof upgrades to their studios.

== Extension ==
{{Main|Southwest LRT}}
The line is to be extended to [[Southwest Station]] in [[Eden Prairie, Minnesota|Eden Prairie]] along the [[Southwest LRT]]. The extension will add 16 additional stations and {{convert|14.5|mi|km}} of trackage to the line, extending through [[St. Louis Park, Minnesota|St. Louis Park]], [[Hopkins, Minnesota|Hopkins]] and [[Minnetonka, Minnesota|Minnetonka]]. The estimated one-way travel time from [[Southwest Station]] in Eden Prairie to [[Target Field Station]] in Minneapolis is 32 minutes.<ref name="TravelTime">{{cite web | url=https://metrocouncil.org/getattachment/dc6b9712-865a-4128-9d3d-1a8132ad86e8/C-23_Council-2015m_Travel-Demand-Methodology-and-F.aspx | title=Travel Demand Methodology & Forecast | publisher=Metropolitan Council | date=February 2016 | access-date=December 5, 2018}}</ref> Due to neighborhood opposition from the Kenwood neighborhood and additional studies on the environmental effects of the Southwest Corridor, the opening has been delayed to 2023. Further delays have pushed back the planned opening to 2025.

== Transit links ==

The [[Northstar Line]] [[commuter rail]] line connects downtown Minneapolis with northwestern suburbs, with a station at the north/western terminus of the Blue and Green Lines. The two light rail lines share trackage through downtown.

The eastern terminus of the Green Line is a street level station in front of the [[Saint Paul Union Depot]], considered one of the great [[architecture|architectural]] achievements in the city and formerly one of the main points of departure for area train riders up until [[passenger rail]] service in the United States was restructured in the 1960s and 1970s. The concourse of the Union Depot is planned to become a transfer point for people coming into St. Paul along the proposed [[Rush Line Corridor|Rush Line]] and [[Metro Gold Line (Minnesota)|Gold Line]] bus rapid transit lines. As of June 2014, Union Depot is a transit center for Metro Transit, MVTA, Jefferson Lines, Megabus, Greyhound buses and [[Amtrak]]'s ''[[Empire Builder]]''.

== Bus service ==
[[File:Snelling Avenue Station, July 2014.jpg|thumb|[[Snelling Avenue (Metro Transit station)|Snelling Avenue Green Line station]]]]
Metro Transit Route 16 parallels the Green Line between St. Paul and Fairview Ave Station. Route 50 formerly operated alongside Route 16 during weekdays, but with stops generally spaced about one-half mile apart. It was discontinued when the Green Line entered service. After the Green Line opened, Route 16 service was cut back from 1 AM to 5 AM, frequency was reduced to every 20 minutes and the route was truncated at the University of Minnesota.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metrotransit.org/Schedules/ScheduleAssets/Print/13819_1.pdf|title=Local Bus Route 16 schedule|publisher=Metro Transit|access-date=March 23, 2015}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 2010, route 16 had an operating budget of $10 million and generated $3.7 million in revenue (a farebox recovery ratio of 37%), while Route 50 had a 2010 budget of $3.5 million and generated $1.3 million in revenue (37% farebox recovery ratio).<ref name="centralstudy">{{cite web|url=http://metrotransit.org/Data/Sites/1/media/pdfs/central/report/ExistingConditionsReport.pdf|title=Central Corridor Transit Service Study Existing Conditions Report|year=2012|publisher=Metro Transit|page=52|access-date=March 30, 2012}}</ref> Route 16 carried about 5 million passengers, with weekday ridership averaging 16,880 and Saturday and Sunday ridership averaging 12,082 and 7,110, respectively. Route 50 carried about 1.5 million riders over the course of the year, with weekday ridership averaging 6,886.<ref name="centralstudy"/>

Metro Transit also provides weekday express bus service along [[Interstate 94]] between the St. Paul and Minneapolis downtown areas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metrotransit.org/route/94|title=Metro Transit - Online Schedules - Route 94|website=www.metrotransit.org|access-date=May 17, 2017}}</ref>

== Vehicles ==
{{Main|Metro Transit rolling stock}}

[[Siemens|Siemens Industry Incorporated]] built 47 [[Siemens S70|S70]] Light Rail Vehicles for the Green Line,<ref>{{cite web |title=New light rail vehicles begin service |url=https://www.metrotransit.org/new-light-rail-vehicles-begin-service |publisher=Metro Transit |access-date=August 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325052342/https://www.metrotransit.org/new-light-rail-vehicles-begin-service |archive-date=March 25, 2015 |date=February 20, 2013}}</ref> at a per-LRV cost of $3,297,714 and a total contract value of $154,992,558.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://councilmeetings.metc.state.mn.us/Transportation/2010/0809/0809_2010_275.pdf| title= Transportation Committee Business Item 2010-275| publisher=[[Metropolitan Council]]| date=July 30, 2010| access-date=August 6, 2010}}</ref> The LRVs were built in [[Florin, California]], and the first vehicle was delivered on October 10, 2012.<ref name="ST082510">{{cite web|url=http://www.startribune.com/local/stpaul/101524299.html|title=Central Corridor contracts awarded|author=Kevin Giles|work=Star Tribune|date=August 25, 2010|access-date=August 28, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829080932/http://www.startribune.com/local/stpaul/101524299.html|archive-date=August 29, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metrocouncil.org/transportation/ccorridor/newsAlerts/FirstLRV20121010.pdf|title=First Central Corridor light rail vehicle, rebranded Hiawatha LRV meet the press|work=Metro Council|date=October 10, 2012|access-date=October 21, 2012}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Safety and health impacts==
During testing of the Green line before it opened, there were four accidents recorded.<ref>Blume, Paul - [http://www.myfoxtwincities.com/story/25726597/metro-green-line-train-car-collide-in-minneapolis New Green Line endures 4th crash before opening day] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611040848/http://www.myfoxtwincities.com/story/25726597/metro-green-line-train-car-collide-in-minneapolis |date=June 11, 2014 }} KMSP Fox 9, June 9, 2014</ref> One accident was at Portland Avenue and 5th Street in Downtown Minneapolis. This intersection was already in use by Blue Line and is now being shared by the Blue and Green Lines. The first death occurred in August 2014,<ref>{{Cite web|title = Authorities ID woman killed by Green Line train|url = http://www.mprnews.org/story/2014/09/02/shana-buchanan|website = www.mprnews.org|access-date = February 24, 2016|first = Tim|last = Nelson}}</ref> when Shana Buchanan, former attorney, was struck by a train as she attempted to cross the tracks at [[Westgate (Metro Transit station)|Westgate Station]].<ref>Lindberg, Joseph and Emily Gurnon -[http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_26451593/woman-killed-green-line-collision-near-minneapolis-st Woman killed by Green Line train was a former attorney]. Pioneer Press, September 3, 2014</ref> On April 30, 2015, the Minnesota Senate's office of counsel and research receptionist Lynne Thomas was the second pedestrian killed by a Green Line train since it began operating.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Woltman|first1=Nick|title=Pedestrian killed in Green Line accident was 'very safety conscious'|url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_28018981/green-line-train-hits-pedestrian-at-snelling-and|access-date=May 7, 2015|work=TwinCities.com|date=April 30, 2015}}</ref> On December 10, 2015, a third pedestrian, Nurto Abdi Aden, was struck and killed as she crossed the Green Line tracks near [[Hamline Avenue (Metro Transit station)|Hamline Avenue Station]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Blue Line train hits, kills bicyclist in Minneapolis|url = http://www.mprnews.org/story/2015/12/11/blue-line-train-accident-46th-street|website = www.mprnews.org|access-date = February 24, 2016|first = Jon|last = Collins}}</ref> On July 15, 2017, a fourth person, Nicholas Westlake, 29 had his car struck by a train and later died near University and Highway 280. Nic's girlfriend and [[Ballroom dance|ballroom dance partner]] Neli Petkova was in the passenger seat at the time of the collision and was subsequently treated for injuries and released from the hospital.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Dancer killed in light rail crash, train operator on leave|url = http://www.kare11.com/news/dancer-killed-in-light-rail-crash-train-operator-on-leave/457912270|website = www.kare11.com|access-date = July 20, 2017}}</ref> In response to the Westlake crash, in which the train operator illegally ran a red light, Minnesota legislators changed a law that had previously prevented light-rail train operators from being charged in fatal collisions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.startribune.com/new-minnesota-law-closes-prosecution-loophole-in-lrt-crashes/508541652/|title=New Minnesota law closes prosecution loophole in LRT crashes|website=Star Tribune|access-date=April 20, 2019}}</ref> A fifth fatality, a female pedestrian, was struck and killed on January 28, 2018, near the intersection of university and Pascal Avenues in St. Paul.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.startribune.com/light-rail-crash-halts-green-line-service-on-portion-of-route/471556634/|title=Pedestrian killed in Green Line crash Sunday afternoon|work=Star Tribune|access-date=January 28, 2018}}</ref> A sixth fatality, a male runner, was struck and killed on October 8, 2018, around 4:30 p.m., near Hamline Avenue; he died at the hospital.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://kstp.com/news/green-line-trains-delayed-crash-pedestrian-train-hamline-avenue/5100724/|title=Metro Transit: Man Dies After Being Struck by Green Line Train|work=KSTP|access-date=October 9, 2018|language=en}}</ref> A seventh person, a male pedestrian at the Stadium Village station near the University of Minnesota, was run over and killed by a departing train early on April 20, 2019, after he fell between two of its cars.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kstp.com/news/man-killed-by-light-rail-train-in-minneapolis/5323895/|title=Man killed by light rail train in Minneapolis|date=April 20, 2019|website=KSTP|language=en|access-date=April 20, 2019}}</ref> On August 30, 2019, the eighth fatality occurred, a female pedestrian, was struck just after 3 p.m. at the Dale Street Station. She was walking north in a crosswalk on University Ave. when she was struck by a westbound train.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bringmethenews.com/minnesota-news/woman-hit-and-killed-by-green-line-train-in-st-paul|title=Woman hit and killed by Green Line train in St. Paul|date=August 31, 2019|website=Bring Me The News}}</ref> An eastbound train struck a car near the Rice Street station in the afternoon of July 4, 2021, marking the line's ninth fatality. Another occupant of the car was hospitalized in critical condition, and the train's operator was taken for medical evaluation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=One killed, one critically hurt when Green Line train hits vehicle|url=https://www.startribune.com/one-killed-one-critically-hurt-when-green-line-train-hits-vehicle/600075016/|access-date=July 5, 2021|website=Star Tribune}}</ref> Around 10:30 a.m. on June 8, 2022, a bicyclist was stuck and killed by a light rail train at the Raymond Avenue Station, the tenth fatality since the line opened.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 8, 2022 |title=Bicyclist dies after being struck by Green Line train |url=https://www.kare11.com/article/news/local/bicyclist-dies-after-being-struck-by-green-line-train/89-2de3c409-d24f-4246-80b4-aecc8ff77268 |access-date=June 8, 2022 |website=kare11.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

The Minnesota Metro Green Line had a causal impact of improving people's access to health care by providing reliable public transportation. Researchers from the [[University of Minnesota]], [[Harvard Medical School]], and the [[Urban Institute]] conducted a [[Difference in differences]] study and found that the opening of the light rail line had a causal impact on reducing the rate of missed doctors appointments.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Scott|first=Dylan|date=November 18, 2021|title=Improving public transit makes it easier for people to stay healthy|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22787964/biden-infrastructure-bill-light-rail-doctors-appointments|access-date=December 22, 2021|website=Vox|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Attached KML |display=title,inline}}
{{Commons category}}
* [http://metrocouncil.org/Transportation/Projects/Current-Projects/Central-Corridor.aspx Metro Council Central Corridor Site]
* [http://onthegreenline.com Businesses on the Green Line]
* {{cite web
| url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4aDYHwN1a0
| title=[Front view] METRO Green Line: U.S. Bank Stadium (Minneapolis) to Union Depot (St. Paul)
| publisher=[[Youtube]]
| date = 01.01.2023 
| access-date=17.03.2023
| author=otter_us/OtterSou}}

{{Twin Cities Transit}}
{{USLightRail}}

[[Category:Light rail in Minnesota]]
[[Category:Transportation in Minneapolis]]
[[Category:Transportation in Saint Paul, Minnesota]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 2014]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in Minnesota]]
[[Category:750 V DC railway electrification]]
[[Category:Metro Transit (Minnesota)]]

Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine

2022-03-24T12:49:22Z

Luch4: /* 19 March */

{{Short description|Timeline of events during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
[[File:2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine animated.gif|thumb|Animated map of the invasion (for a more detailed, interactive map, see [[Template:Russo-Ukrainian War detailed map|here]])|440x440px]]
{{Campaignbox Russo-Ukrainian War}}
On February 24, 2022, [[Russia]] [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|invaded]] [[Ukraine]]. This [[timeline]] is a dynamic and fluid list, and as such may never satisfy criteria of completeness. Please note that some events may only be fully understood and/or discovered in retrospect.

== Background ==

{{Main|Prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine}}
On 24 February, Russia launched a comprehensive invasion of Ukraine, marking a major escalation of the ongoing [[Russo-Ukrainian War]]. The campaign had been preceded by a prolonged Russian military buildup (since early 2021), as well as numerous Russian demands for security measures and legal prohibitions against Ukraine joining [[NATO]].<ref>{{cite news|date=24 February 2022 |title=Why is Russia invading Ukraine and what does Putin want? |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56720589 |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=19 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219125518/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56720589 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Prelude ==

On 10 November 2021, the United States reported an unusual movement of Russian troops near the borders of Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news|date=24 February 2022 |title=Soldiers, Separatists, Sanctions: A Timeline Of The Russia-Ukraine Crisis |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/soldiers-separatists-sanctions-a-timeline-of-the-russia-ukraine-crisis-2782377 |access-date=28 February 2022 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225020037/https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/soldiers-separatists-sanctions-a-timeline-of-the-russia-ukraine-crisis-2782377 |url-status=live}}</ref> By 28 November, Ukraine reported a build-up of 92,000 Russian troops.
* On 7 December 2021, US President [[Joe Biden]] warned President of Russia, [[Vladimir Putin]], of "strong economic and other measures" if Russia attacks Ukraine.
* On 17 December 2021, Putin proposed limits on NATO's activities in eastern Europe, such as a prohibition on Ukraine ever joining NATO, which are rejected.
* On 17 January 2022, Russian troops began arriving in Russia's ally Belarus for military exercises.
* On 19 January 2022, the US gave Ukraine $200 million in security aid.
* On 19 January 2022, US President Joe Biden stated during a press conference that "And so, I think what you're going to see is that Russia will be held accountable if it invades. And it depends on what it does. It's one thing if it's a minor incursion and then we end up having a fight about what to do and not do, et cetera." Many critics of the US president felt this was leaving the door open for President of Russia Vladimir Putin to invade.<ref>{{cite web |date=19 January 2022 |title=Remarks by President Biden in Press Conference |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2022/01/19/remarks-by-president-biden-in-press-conference-6/ |access-date=11 March 2022 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313221607/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2022/01/19/remarks-by-president-biden-in-press-conference-6/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* On 24 January 2022, NATO put troops on standby.
* On 25 January 2022, Russian exercises involving 6,000 troops and 60 jets took place in Russia near Ukraine and [[Crimea]].
* On 10 February 2022, Russia and Belarus began 10 days of military maneuvers.
* On 17 February 2022, fighting escalated in separatist regions of eastern Ukraine.

== February 2022 ==

{{See also|List of military engagements during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine}}

=== 21 February ===

At 22:35 (UTC+3),<ref>{{cite web |date=21 February 2022 |title=Address by the president of the Russian Federation |url=http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/67828 |access-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221215128/http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/67828 |archive-date=21 February 2022 }}</ref> Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] announced that Russia recognizes the independence of two pro-Russian breakaway regions in eastern Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 February 2022 |title=Extracts from Putin's speech on Ukraine |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/extracts-putins-speech-ukraine-2022-02-21/ |access-date=3 March 2022 |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227182213/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/extracts-putins-speech-ukraine-2022-02-21/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This led to a first round of economic sanctions from NATO countries the following day.

In his televised speech before the announcement, Putin laid out that he believed that [[Vladimir Lenin]] was the "author and architect" of Ukraine and labeled Ukrainians who have taken down [[Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine|Lenin's monuments]] "ungrateful descendants", saying "This is what they call decommunization. Do you want decommunization? Well, that suits us just fine. But it is unnecessary, as they say, to stop halfway. We are ready to show you what real decommunization means for Ukraine."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reuters |date=2022-02-21 |title=Extracts from Putin's speech on Ukraine |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/extracts-putins-speech-ukraine-2022-02-21/ |access-date=2022-03-20}}</ref>

=== 24 February ===

{{see also|Attack on Snake Island|Siege of Mariupol|Battle of Antonov Airport|Siege of Chernihiv|Battle of Okhtyrka|Chuhuiv air base attack|Battle of Kharkiv (2022)|Battle of Konotop (2022)|Battle of Sumy|Battle of Chernobyl|Battle of Kherson|Kyiv offensive (2022)|Southern Ukraine offensive|Northeastern Ukraine offensive|Eastern Ukraine offensive|On conducting a special military operation}}
{{Listen
|filename=20220224-090000-VEN119-program - VOA News (24 February 2022).oga
|type=speech
|start=0.01
|title=VOA News broadcast, 24 February 2022 (4:00 a.m. EST)
|description=[[VOA News]] broadcast announcing the invasion of Ukraine at 4:00 a.m. EST on 24 February}}
[[File:Последствия удара ракеты по Голосеевскому району киева (6).jpg|thumb|Structure in [[Kyiv]] hit by a missile fragment, 24 February]]
[[File:Взятие под контроль аэродрома на территории Украины 001.png|thumb|Russian [[Anti-tank warfare|anti-tank team]] operates a [[9M113 Konkurs|Konkurs ATGM]] near [[Hostomel Airport]]]]
Shortly before 06:00 Moscow Time (UTC+3) on 24 February, Putin [[On conducting a special military operation|announced]] that he had made the decision to launch a "special military operation" in eastern Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news |title=Putin announces formal start of Russia's invasion in eastern Ukraine |date=24 February 2022 |newspaper=[[Meduza]] |url=https://meduza.io/en/news/2022/02/24/putin-announces-start-of-military-operation-in-eastern-ukraine |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224033732/https://meduza.io/en/news/2022/02/24/putin-announces-start-of-military-operation-in-eastern-ukraine |archive-date=24 February 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Russian President Vladimir Putin announces military assault against Ukraine in surprise speech |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/russian-president-vladimir-putin-announces-military-assault-against-ukraine-in-surprise-speech/ar-AAUebpI |access-date=24 February 2022 |website=[[MSN]] |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224064559/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/russian-president-vladimir-putin-announces-military-assault-against-ukraine-in-surprise-speech/ar-AAUebpI |url-status=live}}</ref> In his address, Putin claimed there were no plans to occupy Ukrainian territory and that he supported the right of the peoples of Ukraine to [[self-determination]].<ref>{{cite news|date=24 February 2022 |title=Путин принял решение о проведении операции по денацификации и демилитаризации Украины |language=ru |trans-title=Putin decided to conduct an operation to de-Nazify and demilitarise Ukraine |work=[[TASS]] |url=https://tass.ru/politika/13825671 |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224045055/https://tass.ru/politika/13825671 |url-status=live}}</ref> Putin also stated that Russia sought the "demilitarisation and denazification" of Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-60503037|title=Ukraine conflict: Russian forces attack after Putin TV declaration |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=24 February 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224064553/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60503037 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/02/24/russias-putin-announces-military-operation-in-ukraine-a76549 |title=Russia's Putin Announces Military Operation in Ukraine |website=[[The Moscow Times]] |date=24 February 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224064553/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/02/24/russias-putin-announces-military-operation-in-ukraine-a76549 |url-status=live}}</ref> He said that "all responsibility for possible bloodshed will be entirely on the conscience of the regime ruling on the territory of Ukraine."<ref>{{cite news |title=Full text: Putin's declaration of war on Ukraine |url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/full-text-putin-s-declaration-of-war-on-ukraine |work=[[The Spectator]] |date=24 February 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228192447/https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/full-text-putin-s-declaration-of-war-on-ukraine |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Russian Ministry of Defence]] asked air traffic control units of Ukraine to stop flights, and the airspace over Ukraine was restricted to non-civilian air traffic, and the whole area was deemed an active conflict zone by the [[European Union Aviation Safety Agency]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Operations in Flight Information Regions: FIR LVIV (UKLV), FIR KYIV (UKBV), FIR DNIPROPETROVSK (UKDV), FIR SIMFEROPOL (UKFV), FIR ODESA (UKOV) |url=https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/air-operations/czibs/czib-2022-01 |website=[[European Union Aviation Safety Agency|EASA]] |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224042902/https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/air-operations/czibs/czib-2022-01 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Eccles |first=Mari |date=24 February 2022 |title=Ukraine closes airspace as Putin orders military operation |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/ukraine-closes-airspace-as-putin-orders-military-operation/ |work=[[Politico]] |location= |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224102433/https://www.politico.eu/article/ukraine-closes-airspace-as-putin-orders-military-operation/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Within minutes of Putin's announcement, explosions were reported in [[Kyiv]], [[Kharkiv]], [[Odessa]], and the [[Donbas]].<ref>{{cite web|date=24 February 2022 |title=Putin announces 'special military operation' in Ukraine |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/putin-announces-special-military-operation-in-ukraine/ |access-date=24 February 2022 |website=[[Politico]] |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224064603/https://www.politico.eu/article/putin-announces-special-military-operation-in-ukraine/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Ukrainian officials said that Russian troops had landed in [[Mariupol]] and Odessa, and had launched [[Cruise missile|cruise]] and [[ballistic missile]]s at airfields, military headquarters, and military depots in Kyiv, Kharkiv, and [[Dnipro]].<ref name="OZ">{{cite news |last1=Osborn |first1=Andrew |last2=Zinets |first2=Natalia |title=Russian forces invade Ukraine with strikes on major cities |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putin-orders-military-operations-ukraine-demands-kyiv-forces-surrender-2022-02-24/ |access-date=23 February 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=23 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224033456/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putin-orders-military-operations-ukraine-demands-kyiv-forces-surrender-2022-02-24/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Keith |first1=Collins |last2=Lazaro |first2=Gamio |last3=Scott |first3=Reinhard |title=Maps: Tracking the Russian Invasion of Ukraine |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/world/europe/ukraine-maps.html |access-date=23 February 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=23 February 2022 |archive-date=22 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222221302/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/world/europe/ukraine-maps.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Isachenkov |first1=Vladimir |last2=Litvinova |first2=Dasha |last3=Karmanau |first3=Yuras |last4=Heintz |first4=Jim |title=Russia attacks Ukraine as defiant Putin warns US, NATO |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-europe-russia-moscow-kyiv-626a8c5ec22217bacb24ece60fac4fe1 |access-date=23 February 2022 |work=[[AP News]] |date=23 February 2022 |archive-date=23 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223102040/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-europe-russia-moscow-kyiv-626a8c5ec22217bacb24ece60fac4fe1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Military vehicles entered Ukraine through [[Senkivka (border checkpoint)|Senkivka]], at the point where Ukraine meets Belarus and Russia, at around 6:48 am local time.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hodge |first1=Nathan |last2=Lister |first2=Tim |last3=Kottasová |first3=Ivana |last4=Regan |first4=Helen |title=Russia launches military attack on Ukraine with reports of explosions and troops crossing border |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/23/europe/russia-ukraine-putin-military-operation-donbas-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=24 February 2022 |work=[[CNN]] |date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224060424/https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/23/europe/russia-ukraine-putin-military-operation-donbas-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A video captured Russian troops entering Ukraine from Russian-annexed Crimea.<ref>{{cite news |title=The war just started |url=https://multimedia.scmp.com/infographics/news/world/article/3168280/ukraine-crisis/ |access-date=24 February 2022 |work=[[South China Morning Post]] |date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224153643/https://multimedia.scmp.com/infographics/news/world/article/3168280/ukraine-crisis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Watch Russian vehicles enter Ukraine via Crimea |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/watch-russian-vehicles-enter-ukraine-via-crimea/article65080171.ece |access-date=24 February 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224155313/https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/watch-russian-vehicles-enter-ukraine-via-crimea/article65080171.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Kremlin planned to initially target artillery and missiles at [[command and control]] centres and then send fighter jets and helicopters to quickly gain [[air superiority]].<ref name="Step-by-step guide on how an all-out Russian invasion of Ukraine could unfold">{{cite news |last=Mendick |first=Robert |title=Step-by-step guide on how an all-out Russian invasion of Ukraine could unfold |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/02/24/mapped-step-by-step-guide-all-out-russian-invasion-ukraine-could/ |access-date=24 February 2022 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224083758/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/02/24/mapped-step-by-step-guide-all-out-russian-invasion-ukraine-could/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Center for Naval Analyses]] said that Russia would create a [[pincer movement]] to encircle Kyiv and envelop Ukraine's forces in the east, with the [[Center for Strategic and International Studies]] identifying three axes of advance: from Belarus in the north, from Donetsk, and from Crimea in the south.<ref name="Step-by-step guide on how an all-out Russian invasion of Ukraine could unfold"/> The US said it believed that Russia intended to "decapitate" Ukraine's government and install their own,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stewart |first1=Phil |last2=Ali |first2=Idrees |title=Russia plans to 'decapitate' Ukraine government -U.S. defense official |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-believes-russia-planning-decapitate-ukraines-government-2022-02-24/ |access-date=24 February 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224203851/https://www.reuters.com/world/us-believes-russia-planning-decapitate-ukraines-government-2022-02-24/ |url-status=live }}</ref> with [[US intelligence]] officials believing that Kyiv would fall within 96 hours given circumstances on the ground.<ref>{{cite web|date=24 February 2022 |title=Exclusive: U.S. expects Kyiv's fall in days, Ukraine source warns of encirclement |url=https://www.newsweek.com/us-expects-kyiv-fall-days-ukraine-source-warns-encirclement-1682326 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://www.newsweek.com/us-expects-kyiv-fall-days-ukraine-source-warns-encirclement-1682326 |archive-date=26 February 2022 |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=[[Newsweek]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

According to former [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)|Ukrainian Deputy Minister of Internal affairs]], [[Anton Herashchenko]], now serving as an official government advisor, just after 06:30 ([[Time in Ukraine|UTC+2]]), Russian forces were invading via land near the city of Kharkiv<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-23-22/index.html |title=Ukraine-Russia crisis: Live updates |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=23 February 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224044234/https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-23-22/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and large-scale [[Amphibious warfare|amphibious landings]] were reported in the city of Mariupol.<ref name="TroianovskiNYT">{{cite news |last1=Troianovski |first1=Anton |last2=MacFarquhar |first2=Neil |date=23 February 2022 |title=Ukraine Live Updates: Russia Begins Invasion From Land and Sea |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/24/world/russia-ukraine-putin|access-date=24 February 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224061947/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/24/world/russia-ukraine-putin |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/2022/2/23/22948534/russia-ukraine-war-putin-explosions |title=Russia has launched its war in Ukraine |publisher=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=23 February 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224055715/https://www.vox.com/2022/2/23/22948534/russia-ukraine-war-putin-explosions |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Russia takes military action in Ukraine as UN meets |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/24/putin-orders-military-operations-in-eastern-ukraine-as-un-meets |access-date=24 February 2022 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224053027/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/24/putin-orders-military-operations-in-eastern-ukraine-as-un-meets |url-status=live }}</ref> At 07:40, troops were also entering the country from Belarusian territory.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60454795 |title=Ukraine: Troops moving in from Belarus |author= |date=24 February 2022 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224064605/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60454795 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[State Border Guard Service of Ukraine|Ukrainian Border Force]] reported attacks on sites in [[Luhansk Oblast]], [[Sumy Oblast]], [[Kharkiv Oblast]], [[Chernihiv Oblast]], and [[Zhytomyr Oblast]], as well as from Crimea.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/824058 |title=Украинские пограничники сообщили об атаке границы со стороны России и Белоруссии |language=ru |trans-title=Ukrainian border guards reported an attack on the border from Russia and Belarus |website=[[Interfax]] |date=24 February 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224073734/https://www.interfax.ru/world/824058 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Ukrainian interior ministry reported that Russian forces captured the villages of Horodyshche and [[Milove]] in Luhansk.<ref name="TroianovskiNYT"/> The Ukrainian Centre for Strategic Communication reported that the Ukrainian army repelled an attack near [[Shchastia]] (near Luhansk) and retook control of the town, claiming nearly 50 casualties from the Russian side.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unian.net/war/vsu-otvoevali-schaste-unichtozheny-okolo-50-vragov-novosti-donbassa-11715445.html |title=ВСУ отвоевали Счастье: уничтожено около 50 врагов |language=ru |trans-title=Armed Forces of Ukraine won back Happiness: about 50 enemies were destroyed |website=[[Unian]] |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224092127/https://www.unian.net/war/vsu-otvoevali-schaste-unichtozheny-okolo-50-vragov-novosti-donbassa-11715445.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Shortly before 07:00 (UTC+2), Zelenskyy announced the introduction of [[martial law]] in Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/feb/23/ukraine-russia-news-crisis-latest-live-updates-putin-biden-europe-sanctions-russian-invasion-border-troops |title=Russia-Ukraine crisis live news: Putin has launched 'full-scale invasion', says Ukrainian foreign minister – latest updates |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 July 2018 |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224054309/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/feb/23/ukraine-russia-news-crisis-latest-live-updates-putin-biden-europe-sanctions-russian-invasion-border-troops |url-status=live }}</ref> Zelenskyy also announced that [[Russia–Ukraine relations]] were being severed, effective immediately.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/824153 |title=Украина разорвала дипломатические отношения с Россией |trans-title=Ukraine severed diplomatic relations with Russia |website=[[Interfax]] |language=ru |date=24 February 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224095330/https://www.interfax.ru/world/824153 |url-status=live}}</ref> Russian missiles targeted Ukrainian infrastructure, including [[Boryspil International Airport]], Ukraine's largest airport, {{convert|29|km|abbr=on}} east of Kyiv.<ref>{{cite web |last=Charpentreau |first=Clement |title=Ukraine closes airspace, Kyiv airport under attack |url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/30312-ukraine-closes-airspace-russia-attacks?_fb_noscript=1 |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=AeroTime Hub |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224151542/https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/30312-ukraine-closes-airspace-russia-attacks?_fb_noscript=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:VOA video of Eastern Ukraine during 2022 Russian invasion.webm|thumb|thumbtime=0:20|Scenes in eastern Ukraine during the invasion]]
At 10:00 (UTC+2), it was reported during the briefing of the Ukrainian presidential administration that Russian troops had invaded Ukraine from the north (up to {{convert|5|km|mi}} south of the border). Russian troops were said to be active in Kharkiv Oblast, in Chernihiv Oblast, and near [[Sumy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unian.net/war/voyska-rossii-na-severe-ukrainy-prodvinulis-vglub-do-pyati-kilometrov-arestovich-novosti-donbassa-11715571.html |title=Войска России на севере Украины продвинулись вглубь до пяти километров – Арестович |trans-title=Russian troops in northern Ukraine moved up to five kilometers deep – Arestovich |language=ru |website=[[Unian]] |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224091205/https://www.unian.net/war/voyska-rossii-na-severe-ukrainy-prodvinulis-vglub-do-pyati-kilometrov-arestovich-novosti-donbassa-11715571.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Zelenskyy's press service also reported that Ukraine had repulsed an attack in [[Volyn Oblast]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/prezident-uhvaliv-usi-neobhidni-rishennya-dlya-zahistu-krayi-73117 |title=President has made all necessary decisions to defend the country, the Armed Forces are actively resisting Russian troops – Adviser to the Head of the Office of the President |website=president.gov.ua |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224102445/https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/prezident-uhvaliv-usi-neobhidni-rishennya-dlya-zahistu-krayi-73117 |url-status=live }}</ref> At 10:30 (UTC+2), the Ukrainian Defence Ministry reported that Russian troops in Chernihiv Oblast had been stopped, a major battle near Kharkiv was in progress, and Mariupol and Shchastia had been fully reclaimed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mil.gov.ua/en/news/2022/02/24/general-staff-of-the-armed-forces-of-ukraine-operative-information-as-of-10-30/ |title=General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine: Operative information as of 10.30 |website=[[Ministry of Defence (Ukraine)|mil.gov.ua]] |date=24 February 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224103548/https://www.mil.gov.ua/en/news/2022/02/24/general-staff-of-the-armed-forces-of-ukraine-operative-information-as-of-10-30/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the Battle of Antonov Airport, Russian airborne troops seized the [[Hostomel Airport]] in [[Hostomel]], a suburb of Kyiv, after being transported by helicopters early in the morning; a Ukrainian counteroffensive to recapture the airport was launched later in the day.<ref>{{cite web|author=[[The Moscow Times]] |date=24 February 2022 |title=Russia Attacks Ukraine: As It's Happening |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/02/24/russia-attacks-ukraine-as-its-happening-a76553 |access-date=24 February 2022 |website=[[The Moscow Times]] |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224122327/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/02/24/russia-attacks-ukraine-as-its-happening-a76553 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Matthew |last1=Chance |first2=Aditi |last2=Sangal |date=24 February 2022 |title=On the ground: Russian forces take control of an air base near Kyiv, Ukraine |url=https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-24-22-intl/h_ab6cab437dff1920a9fcec2857593b70 |access-date=24 February 2022 |website=[[CNN]] |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224145330/https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-24-22-intl/h_ab6cab437dff1920a9fcec2857593b70 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Rapid Response Brigade of the Ukrainian National Guard stated that it had fought at the airfield, shooting down three of 34 Russian helicopters.<ref>{{cite news |title=Video shows helicopters flying toward Gomostel airfield in Ukraine |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/24/russia-ukraine-attack-news/#link-UMHNSQEUGZHETM37AQDV3MLYMA |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=24 February 2022 |date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224073822/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/24/russia-ukraine-attack-news/#link-UMHNSQEUGZHETM37AQDV3MLYMA |url-status=live }}</ref>

Because Belarus allowed Russian troops to invade Ukraine from the north, at 11:00 (UTC+2), Ukrainian border guards reported a border breach in [[Vilcha, Kyiv Oblast|Vilcha]] ([[Kyiv Oblast]]), and border guards in Zhytomyr Oblast were bombarded by Russian rocket launchers (presumably [[BM-21 Grad]]).<ref name="hromadske.online">{{cite web |date=24 February 2022 |title=Російсько-українська війна (текстовий онлайн) |trans-title=Russian-Ukrainian war (text online) |url=https://hromadske.ua/posts/rosijsko-ukrayinska-vijna-tekstovij-onlajn |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224060243/https://hromadske.ua/posts/rosijsko-ukrayinska-vijna-tekstovij-onlajn |archive-date=24 February 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |website=[[Hromadske]] |language=uk}}</ref> A helicopter without markings reportedly bombed Slavutych border guards from Belarus.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unian.net/society/so-storony-belarusi-vertolet-bez-opoznavatelnyh-znakov-obstrelyal-rayon-pered-kpp-slavutich-novosti-ukrainy-11715628.html |title=Со стороны Беларуси вертолет без опознавательных знаков обстрелял район перед КПП 'Славутич' |trans-title=From the side of Belarus, an unmarked helicopter fired at the area in front of the checkpoint 'Slavutich' |language=ru |website=[[Unian]] |date=24 February 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224112325/https://www.unian.net/society/so-storony-belarusi-vertolet-bez-opoznavatelnyh-znakov-obstrelyal-rayon-pered-kpp-slavutich-novosti-ukrainy-11715628.html |url-status=live }}</ref> At 11:30 (UTC+2), a second wave of Russian missile bombings targeted the cities of Kyiv, Odessa, Kharkiv, and [[Lviv]]. Heavy ground fighting was reported in the [[Donetsk Oblast|Donetsk]] and Luhansk Oblasts.<ref>{{cite news|date=24 February 2022 |title=Ukraine hit by second wave of missile strikes – official |work=[[National Post]] |url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/ukraine-hit-by-second-wave-of-missile-strikes-official |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224135835/https://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/ukraine-hit-by-second-wave-of-missile-strikes-official |url-status=live}}</ref>

By 12:04 (UTC+2), Russian troops advancing from [[Crimea]] moved towards the city of [[Nova Kakhovka]] in [[Kherson Oblast]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kyivindependent.com/uncategorized/russian-troops-moving-towards-town-of-nova-kakhovka-in-kherson-oblast/ |title=Russian troops moving towards town of Nova Kakhovka in Kherson Oblast. |date=24 February 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224213221/https://kyivindependent.com/uncategorized/russian-troops-moving-towards-town-of-nova-kakhovka-in-kherson-oblast/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Later that day, Russian troops entered the city of [[Kherson]] and took control of the [[North Crimean Canal]], which would allow them to resume water supplies for the peninsula.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/russian-troops-enter-ukraines-kherson-oblast-defense-ministry/2513722 |title=Russian troops enter Ukraine's Kherson Oblast: Defense Ministry |access-date=24 February 2022 |publisher=[[Anadolu Agency]] |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224213215/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/russian-troops-enter-ukraines-kherson-oblast-defense-ministry/2513722 |url-status=live }}</ref>

At 13:00 and 13:19 (UTC+2), Ukrainian border guards and Armed Forces reported two new clashes—near Sumy ("in the direction of [[Konotop]]") and [[Starobilsk]] (in Luhansk Oblast).<ref name="hromadske.online"/> At 13:32 (UTC+2), Valerii Zaluzhnyi reported four ballistic missiles launched from the territory of Belarus in a southwestern direction.<ref name="hromadske.online"/> Several stations of [[Kyiv Metro]] and [[Kharkiv Metro]] were used as bomb shelters for the local population.<ref name="hromadske.online"/> A local hospital in [[Vuhledar]] (Donetsk Oblast) was reported to have been bombed with four civilians dead and 10 wounded (including 6 physicians).<ref name="hromadske.online"/>

At 16:00 (UTC+2), Zelenskyy said that fighting between Russian and Ukrainian forces had erupted in the [[ghost cities]] of [[Chernobyl]] and [[Pripyat]].<ref name="rsullivan-fighting">{{cite web |last=Sullivan |first=Rory |date=24 February 2022 |title=Fighting breaks out near Chernobyl, says Ukrainian president |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/chernobyl-nuclear-russia-attack-ukraine-b2022444.html |access-date= |website=[[The Independent]] |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224151418/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/chernobyl-nuclear-russia-attack-ukraine-b2022444.html |url-status=live}}</ref> By around 18:20 (UTC+2), the [[Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant]] was under Russian control,<ref>{{cite web|date=24 February 2022 |title=В Офисе президента подтвердили захват россиянами Чернобыльской АЭС |trans-title=The Office of the President confirmed the capture of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant by the Russians |url=https://www.unian.net/war/rossiyskie-voyska-zahvatili-chernobylskuyu-aes-ofis-prezidenta-novosti-donbassa-11716741.html |access-date=24 February 2022 |website=[[UNIAN]] |language=ru |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224172911/https://www.unian.net/war/rossiyskie-voyska-zahvatili-chernobylskuyu-aes-ofis-prezidenta-novosti-donbassa-11716741.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|access-date=24 February 2022 |title=Chernobyl power plant captured by Russian forces – Ukrainian official |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/chernobyl-power-plant-captured-by-russian-forces-ukrainian-official-2022-02-24/ |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224174356/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/chernobyl-power-plant-captured-by-russian-forces-ukrainian-official-2022-02-24/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first1=Aditi |last1=Sangal |first2=Meg |last2=Wagner |first3=Adrienne |last3=Vogt |first4=Melissa |last4=Macaya |first5=Rob |last5=Picheta |first6=Lauren |last6=Said-Moorhouse |first7=Ed |last7=Upright |first8=Maureen |last8=Chowdhury |date=24 February 2022 |title=Russian troops seize Chernobyl nuclear power plant, Ukrainian official says |url=https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-24-22-intl/h_438d63764e04c5907533d2c095e73cfd |access-date=24 February 2022 |website=[[CNN]] |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224182927/https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-24-22-intl/h_438d63764e04c5907533d2c095e73cfd |url-status=live}}</ref> as were the surrounding areas.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Najjar |first1=Farah |last2=Child |first2=David |last3=Gadzo |first3=Mersiha |title=Russian forces seize Chernobyl site as Ukraine battles rage |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/23/ukraine-declares-state-of-emergency-amid-fears-of-invasion-liveblog |access-date=24 February 2022 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224091527/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/23/ukraine-declares-state-of-emergency-amid-fears-of-invasion-liveblog |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Zelenskiy Says Russian Forces Trying To Take Over Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-invasion-russian-forces-chernobyl-/31721240.html |access-date=24 February 2022 |website=[[RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty]] |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224182943/https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-invasion-russian-forces-chernobyl-/31721240.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="rsullivan-fighting"/>

At 16:18 (UTC+2), [[Vitali Klitschko]], the [[mayor of Kyiv]], proclaimed a curfew lasting from 22:00 to 07:00.<ref>{{cite web|date=24 February 2022 |title=Kyiv imposes curfew from 22:00 to 07:00, transport not to work at this time – Klitschko |url=https://ua.interfax.com.ua/news/general/801462.html |access-date=24 February 2022 |website=[[Interfax-Ukraine]] |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224160553/https://ua.interfax.com.ua/news/general/801462.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

At 22:00 (UTC+2), the [[State Border Guard Service of Ukraine]] announced that Russian forces had captured [[Snake Island (Black Sea)|Snake Island]] following [[Attack on Snake Island|a naval and air bombardment of the island]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Острів Зміїний захопили російські окупанти – ДПСУ |language=uk |trans-title=Snake Island was captured by the Russian occupiers – SBGS |url=https://gazeta.ua/articles/donbas/_ostriv-zmiyinij-zahopili-rosijski-okupanti-dpsu/1072429 |access-date=24 February 2022 |publisher=[[Gazeta UA]] |date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224202628/https://gazeta.ua/articles/donbas/_ostriv-zmiyinij-zahopili-rosijski-okupanti-dpsu/1072429 |url-status=live }}</ref> All thirteen border guards on the island were assumed to have been killed in the bombardment, after refusing to surrender to a Russian warship; a recording of the guards refusing an offer to surrender went viral on social media. President Zelenskyy announced that the presumed-dead border guards would be posthumously granted the title of [[Hero of Ukraine]], the country's highest honour.<ref name="BBC-2022-02-25">{{cite web|title=Ukraine-Russia invasion: Ukraine says Russian rockets hit Kyiv overnight |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-60517447 |access-date=25 February 2022 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225085334/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60517447 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lamothe |first=Dan |title=Ukrainian border guards may have survived reported last stand on Snake Island |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/02/26/ukraine-russia-snake-island/ |url-status=live|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/02/26/ukraine-russia-snake-island/ |archive-date=27 February 2022 |access-date=26 February 2022 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=26 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Seventeen civilians were confirmed killed, including thirteen killed in [[Southern Ukraine]],<ref>{{cite web |date=24 February 2022 |title=ரஷ்ய தாக்குதல்: தெற்கு உக்ரைன் பகுதியில் 22 பேர் கொல்லப்பட்டதாக தகவல் |trans-title=Russian offensive: 22 killed in southern Ukraine |language=ta |url=http://www.dailythanthi.com/News/TopNews/2022/02/24231956/South-Ukraine-region-says-13-civilians-9-troops-killed.vpf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224181739/https://www.dailythanthi.com/News/TopNews/2022/02/24231956/South-Ukraine-region-says-13-civilians-9-troops-killed.vpf |archive-date=24 February 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |website=[[Dina Thanthi|Dailythanthi.com]]}}</ref> three in Mariupol, and one in Kharkiv.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine death toll: What we know so far |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/24/russia-ukraine-invasion-casualties-death-toll |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/24/russia-ukraine-invasion-casualties-death-toll |archive-date=26 February 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Zelenskyy stated that 137 Ukrainian citizens (both soldiers and civilians) died on the first day of the invasion.<ref>{{cite news |date=24 February 2022 |title=Ukraine-Russia invasion: Russia launches attack on Ukraine from several fronts |publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60454795 |url-status=live |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224192206/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60454795 |archive-date=24 February 2022}}</ref>

Shortly after 23:00 (UTC+2), President Zelenskyy ordered a [[general mobilisation]] of all Ukrainian males between 18 and 60 years old; for the same reason, Ukrainian males from that age group were banned from leaving Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 February 2022 |title=Zelensky signs decree declaring general mobilization |url=https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/801769.html |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=[[Interfax-Ukraine]] |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225113724/https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/801769.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 25 February ===

{{see also|Millerovo air base attack|Battle of Ivankiv|Battle of Kyiv (2022)|Battle of Melitopol|Battle of Starobilsk|Battle of Volnovakha}}
[[File:Kyiv Tense as Russian Forces Advance.webm|thumb|left|"Kyiv Tense as Russian Forces Advance", video news report from [[Voice of America]]]]
Around 04:00 (UTC+2) local time, Kyiv was rocked with two explosions from cruise and ballistic missiles.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Helen |last1=Regan |first2=Jonny |last2=Hallam |title=Ukrainian capital Kyiv targeted with missile fire, official says|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/24/europe/ukraine-russia-invasion-friday-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=[[CNN]] |date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225040530/https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/24/europe/ukraine-russia-invasion-friday-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The Ukrainian government said that it had shot down an enemy aircraft over Kyiv, which then crashed into a residential building, setting it on fire.<ref>{{cite news |title=Explosions heard in Kyiv, official says enemy aircraft downed |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/explosions-heard-kyiv-official-says-enemy-aircraft-downed-2022-02-25/ |access-date=25 February 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225050231/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/explosions-heard-kyiv-official-says-enemy-aircraft-downed-2022-02-25/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was later confirmed that the aircraft was a Ukrainian [[Sukhoi Su-27|Su-27]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chance |first1=Matthew |last2=Lister |first2=Tim |last3=Smith-Spark |first3=Laura |last4=Regan |first4=Helen |title=Battle for Ukrainian capital underway as Russian troops seek to encircle Kyiv |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/24/europe/ukraine-russia-invasion-friday-intl-hnk/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=25 February 2022 |access-date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225040530/https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/24/europe/ukraine-russia-invasion-friday-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>{{unclear inline|Is this saying the Ukrainian military shot down its own craft, or...?|date=March 2022}}

Independent military analysts noted that Russian forces in the north of the country appeared to have been heavily engaged by the Ukrainian military. Russian units were attempting to encircle Kyiv and advance into Kharkiv but were bogged down in heavy fighting, with social media images suggesting that some Russian armoured columns had been ambushed. In contrast, Russian operations in the east and south were more effective. The best trained and equipped Russian units were positioned outside Donbas in the southeast and appeared to have manoeuvred around the prepared defensive trenches and attacked in the rear of Ukrainian defensive positions. Meanwhile, Russian military forces advancing from Crimea were divided into two columns, with analysts suggesting that they may have been attempting to encircle and entrap the Ukrainian defenders at Donbas, forcing the Ukrainians to abandon their prepared defences and fight in the open.<ref>{{cite web |last=Barnes |first=Julian E. |title=Russian forces are meeting more resistance near Kyiv and Kharkiv than farther south, analysts say. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/24/world/russia-attacks-ukraine/russian-forces-are-meeting-more-resistance-near-kyiv-and-kharkiv-than-farther-south-analysts-say |url-access=limited |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=25 February 2022 |date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225045412/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/24/world/russia-attacks-ukraine/russian-forces-are-meeting-more-resistance-near-kyiv-and-kharkiv-than-farther-south-analysts-say |url-status=live }}</ref>

On the morning of 25 February, Zelenskyy accused Russia of targeting civilian sites;<ref>{{cite news |last1=Graham-Harrison |first1=Emma |last2=Harding |first2=Luke |last3=Boffey |first3=Daniel |last4=Elias |first4=Visontay |title=Ukraine invasion: Zelenskiy strikes defiant tone as explosions ring out in Kyiv |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/25/ukraine-invasion-explosions-in-kyiv-as-uk-reports-fierce-resistance-across-the-nation |access-date=25 February 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225052024/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/25/ukraine-invasion-explosions-in-kyiv-as-uk-reports-fierce-resistance-across-the-nation |url-status=live }}</ref> Ukrainian Interior Ministry representative Vadym Denysenko said that 33 civilian sites had been hit in the previous 24 hours.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Polityuk |first1=Pavel |last2=Baczynska |first2=Gabriela |last3=Lawson |first3=Hugh |title=Ukraine ministry says Russia hit 33 civilian sites in last 24 hrs -Interfax |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/ukraine-ministry-says-russia-hit-075824163.html |access-date=25 February 2022 |work=[[Yahoo Finance]] |agency=[[Reuters]]/[[Interfax]] |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225113721/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/ukraine-ministry-says-russia-hit-075824163.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Ukraine's Defence Ministry stated that Russian forces had entered the district of [[Obolon, Kyiv]], and were approximately {{convert|9|km|mi}} from the [[Verkhovna Rada building]].<ref name="BBC-2022-02-25"/> Some Russian forces had entered northern Kyiv, but had not progressed beyond that.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bengali |first1=Shashank |last2=Bigg |first2=Matthew Mpoke |date=25 February 2022 |title=Ukrainian Fighters Battle to Hold Kyiv |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/25/world/russia-ukraine-war |url-access=limited |access-date=26 February 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227014441/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/25/world/russia-ukraine-war |url-status=live }}</ref> Russia's [[Spetsnaz]] troops infiltrated the city with the intention of "hunting" government officials.<ref>{{cite web|date=25 February 2022 |title=Russian special forces have entered Kyiv to hunt down Ukraine's leaders, says Zelensky |url=https://inews.co.uk/news/russia-special-forces-kyiv-ukraine-leaders-mercanaries-behind-lines-1483303 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://inews.co.uk/news/russia-special-forces-kyiv-ukraine-leaders-mercanaries-behind-lines-1483303 |archive-date=26 February 2022 |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=inews.co.uk |publisher=[[i (newspaper)|i News]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> An unmarked armored vehicle was filmed veering across the road and crushing a civilian car in northern Kyiv. Although widely captioned as the act of a Russian tank, experts suggested it was unclear who operated the military vehicle and why the incident occurred. The civilian driving the car, an elderly man, survived and was helped out by locals.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wood |first=Aden-Jay |date=25 February 2022 |title=Tank drives over man's car in Ukraine... And he lives to tell the tale – WATCH |url=https://www.gbnews.uk/news/tank-drives-over-mans-car-in-ukraine-and-he-lives-to-tell-the-tale-watch/235095 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://www.gbnews.uk/news/tank-drives-over-mans-car-in-ukraine-and-he-lives-to-tell-the-tale-watch/235095 |archive-date=26 February 2022 |access-date=26 February 2022 |publisher=[[GB News]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Chandler-Wilde |first=Helen |date=25 February 2022 |title=Ukrainian man run over in car by Russian tank rolling into northern Kyiv |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/02/25/ukrainian-man-crushed-car-russian-tank-rolling-northern-kyiv/ |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/02/25/ukrainian-man-crushed-car-russian-tank-rolling-northern-kyiv/ |archive-date=26 February 2022 |access-date=26 February 2022 |issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Russian tank swerves to crush civilian car in Kyiv, driver miraculously survives |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/tv/news/russian-tank-crushes-car-kyiv-b2023423.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://www.independent.co.uk/tv/news/russian-tank-crushes-car-kyiv-b2023423.html |archive-date=26 February 2022 |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=26 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/02/28/fact-check-video-russian-tank-hitting-car-kyiv-lacks-context/6953727001/ |title=Fact check: Unclear whether armored vehicle shown crushing car in Kyiv is Russian |date=28 February 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |first1=Ella |last1=Lee |first2=McKenzie |last2=Sadeghi |publisher=[[USA Today]] |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303175003/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/02/28/fact-check-video-russian-tank-hitting-car-kyiv-lacks-context/6953727001/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Житловий будинок у Києві (вул. Кошиця) після обстрілу.jpg|thumb|An apartment block in Kyiv (Oleksandr Koshyts Street) after shelling, 25 February]]

The mayor of [[Horlivka]] in the Russian-backed [[Donetsk People's Republic]] reported that a munition fired by the Ukrainian military hit a local school building, killing two teachers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sorting fact, disinformation after Russian attack on Ukraine |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/sorting-fact-disinformation-russian-attack-ukraine-83106752 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/sorting-fact-disinformation-russian-attack-ukraine-83106752 |archive-date=27 February 2022 |url-status=live |access-date=26 February 2022 |work=[[ABC News]] |date=26 February 2022 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>

As Russian troops approached Kyiv, Zelenskyy asked residents to prepare [[Molotov cocktail]]s to "neutralise" the enemy. Putin meanwhile called on the Ukrainian military to [[Military coup|overthrow the government]].<ref>{{cite web|date=25 February 2022 |title=Putin tells Ukrainian military to overthrow Zelensky – follow live |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-russia-putin-war-kyiv-invasion-latest-b2022971.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-russia-putin-war-kyiv-invasion-latest-b2022971.html |archive-date=26 February 2022 |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=[[The Independent]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine-Russia news live: Troops enter Kyiv as Putin makes offer of Minsk peace talks |url=https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-russia-war-live-latest-news-putin-kyiv-invasion-12541713 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-russia-war-live-latest-news-putin-kyiv-invasion-12541713 |archive-date=26 February 2022 |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=[[Sky News]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Ukraine distributed 18,000 guns to Kyiv residents who expressed a willingness to fight and deployed the [[Territorial Defense Forces (Ukraine)|Territorial Defence Forces]], the reserve component of the Ukrainian military, for the defence of Kyiv.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv residents take up arms as Russia advances |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60517447 |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=25 February 2022 |date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225085334/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60517447 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Defence Ministry also announced that all Ukrainian civilians were eligible to volunteer for military service regardless of their age.<ref name="OZ"/>

By the evening, [[the Pentagon]] stated that Russia had not established [[air supremacy]] of Ukrainian airspace, which US analysts had predicted would happen quickly after hostilities began. Ukrainian [[Anti-aircraft warfare|air defence]] capabilities had been degraded by Russian attacks, but remained operational. Military aircraft from both nations continued to fly over Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lamothe |first=Daniel |title=Airspace over Ukraine remains contested, with no one in control, Pentagon says |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/25/ukraine-invasion-russia-news/#link-RCVQQO7CNFC33LEDYG2O3Q3JAE |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/25/ukraine-invasion-russia-news/#link-RCVQQO7CNFC33LEDYG2O3Q3JAE |archive-date=26 February 2022 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=25 February 2022 |date=25 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The Pentagon also said that Russian troops were also not advancing as quickly as either US intelligence or Moscow believed they would, that Russia had not taken any population centres, and that Ukrainian command and control was still intact. The Pentagon warned that Russia had sent into Ukraine only 30 per cent of the 150,000–190,000 troops it had massed at the border.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cooper |first=Helene |title=Russian forces have lost some momentum, Pentagon official says. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/25/world/russia-ukraine-war/russian-forces-have-lost-some-momentum-pentagon-official-says|url-access=limited |access-date=25 February 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225191901/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/25/world/russia-ukraine-war/russian-forces-have-lost-some-momentum-pentagon-official-says |archive-date=25 February 2022}}</ref>

Reports circulated of [[Millerovo air base attack|a Ukrainian missile attack against the Millerovo air base]] in Russia, to prevent the base being used to provide air support to Russian troops in Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news|date=25 February 2022 |title=Вооруженные силы Украины атаковали Миллерово 'Точкой-У' |trans-title=Ukrainian Armed Forces attacked Millerovo with 'Tochka-U' |language=ru |work=Rostov Gazeta |url=https://rostovgazeta.ru/news/politics/25-02-2022/vooruzhennye-sily-ukrainy-atakovali-millerovo-tochkoy-u |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://rostovgazeta.ru/news/politics/25-02-2022/vooruzhennye-sily-ukrainy-atakovali-millerovo-tochkoy-u |archive-date=26 February 2022 |access-date=25 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Zelenskyy indicated that the Ukrainian government was not "afraid to talk about neutral status".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news/card/U1YDTnzZnlMsI6A2uzcb |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news/card/U1YDTnzZnlMsI6A2uzcb |archive-date=26 February 2022 |title=Zelensky Says Russia Is Striking Military and Civilian Targets |work=www.wsj.com |publisher=[[Wall Street Journal]] |first=James |last=Marson |access-date=25 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On the same day, President Putin indicated to [[Xi Jinping]], the Chinese [[paramount leader]] and [[general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party]], that "Russia is willing to conduct high-level negotiations with Ukraine".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/putin-tells-xi-that-russia-willing-to-hold-high-level-talks-with-ukraine-chinas-cctv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/putin-tells-xi-that-russia-willing-to-hold-high-level-talks-with-ukraine-chinas-cctv |archive-date=26 February 2022 |title=Putin tells Xi that Russia willing to hold high-level talks with Ukraine -China's CCTV |work=[[Financial Post]] |date=25 February 2022 |access-date=25 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

=== 26 February ===

{{see also|Battle of Mykolaiv|Battle of Vasylkiv}}
{{multiple image
| direction = horizontal
| width1 = 150
| image1 = Житловий будинок на вул. Лобановського, 6-А після обстрілу.jpg
| caption1 = Apartment block in Kyiv (Valeriy Lobanovskyi Avenue) struck by a missile, 26 February
| width2 = 182
| image2 = Apartment block in Kharkiv damaged during Russian invasion.jpg
| caption2 = Apartment block in [[Kharkiv]] partially destroyed by a missile, 26 February
}}
At 00:00 (UTC), heavy fighting was reported to the south of Kyiv, near the city of [[Vasylkiv]] and [[Vasylkiv Air Base|its air base]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-25-22/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-25-22/index.html |archive-date=26 February 2022 |title=Heavy fighting reported to the south of Kyiv |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=25 February 2022 |access-date=25 February 2022 |last1=Sangal |first1=Aditi |last2=Vogt |first2=Adrienne |last3=Woodyatt |first3=Amy |last4=Picheta |first4=Rob |last5=Upright |first5=Ed |last6=Yeung |first6=Jessie |last7=Renton |first7=Adam |last8=Macaya |first8=Melissa |last9=Wagner |first9=Meg }}{{cbignore}}</ref> The [[General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces|Ukrainian General Staff]] claimed that a Ukrainian Su-27 fighter had shot down a Russian [[Ilyushin Il-76|Il-76]] transport plane carrying [[paratroopers]] near the city.<ref>{{cite news |last=Давыгора |first=Олег |title=Месть за Луганск 2014: возле Василькова сбили Ил-76 с вражескими десантниками |trans-title=Revenge for Luhansk 2014: Il-76 with enemy paratroopers was shot down near Vasilkov |url=https://www.unian.net/war/mest-za-lugansk-2014-vozle-vasilkova-sbili-il-76-s-vrazheskimi-desantnikami-novosti-donbassa-11718622.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://www.unian.net/war/mest-za-lugansk-2014-vozle-vasilkova-sbili-il-76-s-vrazheskimi-desantnikami-novosti-donbassa-11718622.html |archive-date=26 February 2022 |access-date=26 February 2022 |work=[[Unian]] |date=26 February 2022 |language=ru}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Vasylkiv mayor Natalia Balasinovich said her city had been successfully defended by Ukrainian forces and the fighting was ending.<ref>{{cite news |last=Робейко |first=Ольга |title=Бой за Васильков завершился победой ВСУ |trans-title=The battle for Vasilkov ended with the victory of the Armed Forces of Ukraine |url=https://www.unian.net/war/boy-za-vasilkov-zavershilsya-pobedoy-vsu-novosti-kieva-11718874.html |access-date=26 February 2022 |work=[[Unian]] |date=26 February 2022 |language=ru |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226105516/https://www.unian.net/war/boy-za-vasilkov-zavershilsya-pobedoy-vsu-novosti-kieva-11718874.html |archive-date=26 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Around 03:00, more than 48 explosions in 30 minutes were reported around Kyiv, as the Ukrainian military was reported to be fighting near the CHP-6 power station in the northern neighbourhood of [[Troieshchyna]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grady |first1=Siobhán |last2=Kornfield |first2=Meryl |title=Multiple explosions rock Kyiv as Russian forces target city |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/25/ukraine-invasion-russia-news/#link-TAIGHCFPGRBUVBQRFBISDQJSL4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/25/ukraine-invasion-russia-news/#link-TAIGHCFPGRBUVBQRFBISDQJSL4 |archive-date=26 February 2022 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=26 February 2022 |date=25 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[BBC News]] reported the attack may be an attempt to cut off electricity to the city. Heavy fighting was reported near the [[Kyiv Zoo]] and the [[Shuliavka]] neighbourhood. Early on 26 February, the Ukrainian military said it had repelled a Russian attack on an army base located on [[Prospect Peremohy (roadway)|Peremohy Avenue]], a main road in Kyiv;<ref>{{cite news |title=Ukraine military says it repels Russian troops' attack on Kyiv base |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-troops-attack-kyiv-military-base-are-repelled-ukraine-military-2022-02-26/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-troops-attack-kyiv-military-base-are-repelled-ukraine-military-2022-02-26/ |archive-date=26 February 2022 |access-date=26 February 2022 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=26 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> it also claimed to have repelled a Russian assault on the city of [[Mykolaiv]] on the Black Sea.<ref>{{cite web |title=Heavy fighting reported around Kyiv |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60517447 |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=26 February 2022 |date=25 February 2022 |last=Perera |first=Ayeshea |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225085334/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60517447 |url-status=live }}</ref> American officials said a Russian Il-76 transport plane had been shot down by Ukrainian forces near [[Bila Tserkva]], about {{convert|50|mi|km|order=flip}} south of Kyiv.<ref name="AP_stand_firm">{{cite news |last1=Karmanau |first1=Yuras |last2=Isachenkov |first2=Vladimir |last3=Litvinova |first3=Dasha |last4=Heintz |first4=Jim |title=President refuses to flee, urges Ukraine to 'stand firm' |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-vladimir-putin-volodymyr-zelenskyy-boris-johnson-business-08f569df695831ee467979527ea2e241 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-vladimir-putin-volodymyr-zelenskyy-boris-johnson-business-08f569df695831ee467979527ea2e241 |archive-date=26 February 2022 |access-date=26 February 2022 |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |date=25 February 2022 }}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 February 2022 |title=Ukraine says it shot down large Russian plane |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60517447 |access-date=25 February 2022 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225085334/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60517447 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2022/02/26/ukraine-russian-war-updates-hundreds-of-casualties-as-russia-ukraine-fighting-spills-into-streets/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://nypost.com/2022/02/26/ukraine-russian-war-updates-hundreds-of-casualties-as-russia-ukraine-fighting-spills-into-streets/ |archive-date=26 February 2022 |title=Battle for Kyiv: Hundreds of casualties as fighting spills into streets |work=[[New York Post]] |date=26 February 2022 |access-date=26 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> President Zelenskyy, remaining in Kyiv, had refused US offers of evacuation, instead requesting more ammunition for Ukrainian troops.<ref>{{cite web |last=Braithwaite |first=Sharon |date=26 February 2022 |title=Zelensky refuses US offer to evacuate, saying 'I need ammunition, not a ride' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/26/europe/ukraine-zelensky-evacuation-intl/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/26/europe/ukraine-zelensky-evacuation-intl/index.html|archive-date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Hundreds of casualties were reported during overnight fighting in Kyiv, where shelling destroyed an apartment building, bridges, and schools.<ref name="AP_stand_firm"/> At 11:00, the Ukrainian General Staff reported that its aircraft had conducted 34 sorties in the past 24 hours, indicating that Russia had continued to, unexpectedly, fail to gain air superiority.<ref name="ISW Feb26">{{cite web |last1=Clark |first1=Mason |last2=Barros |first2=George |last3=Stepanenko |first3=Katya |title=Russia-Ukraine Warning Update: Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, February 26 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russia-ukraine-warning-update-russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-february-26|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russia-ukraine-warning-update-russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-february-26|archive-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Institute for the Study of War]] |access-date=27 February 2022 |url-status=live |date=26 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

By the afternoon, most of the Russian forces that had amassed around Ukraine were fighting in the country. Mayor [[Vitaly Klitschko]] of Kyiv imposed a curfew from 5 p.m. Saturday until 8 a.m. Monday, warning that anyone outside during that time would be considered enemy sabotage and reconnaissance groups.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ukrainian forces slow Russian advance as the U.S. and its allies take action on Russian banks.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/26/world/ukraine-russia-war/ukrainian-forces-fight-back-as-russia-pushes-on-three-cities|url-access=limited |access-date=26 February 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=26 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226122313/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/26/world/ukraine-russia-war/ukrainian-forces-fight-back-as-russia-pushes-on-three-cities |archive-date=26 February 2022}}</ref> Internet connections were disrupted in parts of Ukraine, particularly in the south and east.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pearson |first1=James |last2=Satter |first2=Raphael |title=Internet in Ukraine disrupted as Russian troops advance |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/internet-ukraine-disrupted-russian-troops-advance-2022-02-26/ |access-date=26 February 2022 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=26 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226105525/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/internet-ukraine-disrupted-russian-troops-advance-2022-02-26/ |archive-date=26 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> In response to a request from [[Mykhailo Fedorov]], the [[Vice-Prime Minister of Ukraine]], [[Elon Musk]] announced that he had turned on his [[Starlink]] service in Ukraine, with "more terminals en route".<ref>{{cite news |date=27 February 2022 |title=Elon Musk says SpaceX's Starlink satellites now active over Ukraine |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/starlink-service-ukraine-elon-musk-b2024184.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/starlink-service-ukraine-elon-musk-b2024184.html|archive-date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |work=[[The Independent]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Jin |first=Hyunjoo |date=27 February 2022 |title=Musk says Starlink active in Ukraine as Russian invasion disrupts internet |publisher=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/musk-says-starlink-active-ukraine-russian-invasion-disrupts-internet-2022-02-27/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.reuters.com/technology/musk-says-starlink-active-ukraine-russian-invasion-disrupts-internet-2022-02-27/ |archive-date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

[[File:Solemn Kyiv Copes with Bombs Gunfire.webm|thumb|upright=0.9|"Solemn Kyiv Copes with Bombs, Gunfire", a video news report from [[Voice of America]]]]
Ukrainian Interior Ministry representative Vadym Denysenko stated that Russian forces had advanced further towards [[Enerhodar]] and the [[Zaporizhia Nuclear Power Plant]]. He stated that they were deploying Grad missiles there and warned that they may attack the plant.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.polsatnews.pl/wiadomosc/2022-02-26/wojna-na-ukrainie-rosjanie-blisko-elektrowni-atomowej-jest-ryzyko-ze-zostanie-ostrzelana/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.polsatnews.pl/wiadomosc/2022-02-26/wojna-na-ukrainie-rosjanie-blisko-elektrowni-atomowej-jest-ryzyko-ze-zostanie-ostrzelana/ |archive-date=27 February 2022 |title=Wojna na Ukrainie. Rosjanie blisko elektrowni atomowej. Jest ryzyko, że zostanie ostrzelana |language=pl |trans-title=The war in Ukraine. Russians close to the nuclear power plant. There is a risk that it will be shot at |publisher=[[Polsat News]] |date=26 February 2022 |access-date=26 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The Zaporizhia Regional State Administration stated that the Russian forces advancing on Enerhodar had later returned to Bolshaya Belozerka, a village located {{convert|30|km|mi}} from the city, on the same day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nikopol.nikopolnews.net/ru/favorite/oficialno-o-situacii-v-energodare-27-fevralya/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://nikopol.nikopolnews.net/ru/favorite/oficialno-o-situacii-v-energodare-27-fevralya/ |archive-date=27 February 2022 |title=Официально о ситуации в Энергодаре 27 февраля |trans-title=Officially about the situation in Energodar on February 27 |first=Ekaterina |last=Andrus |work=[[Nikopol News]] |language=ru |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}
</ref>

A Japanese-owned cargo ship, the [[MV Namura Queen|MV ''Namura Queen'']] with 20 crew members onboard was struck by a Russian missile in the Black Sea. A Moldovan ship, [[MV Millennial Spirit|MV ''Millennial Spirit'']], was also shelled by a Russian warship, causing serious injuries.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=[[CNN]] |first1=Adrienne |last1=Vogt |first2=Lauren |last2=Said-Moorhouse |first3=Brad |last3=Lendon |first4=Steve |last4=George |first5=Meg |last5=Wagner |date=26 February 2022 |title=Japanese-owned cargo ship hit by a missile off Ukrainian coast |url=https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-26-22/h_d79d1d542a90f15d7c38c6e3b03d73ab |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-26-22/h_d79d1d542a90f15d7c38c6e3b03d73ab |archive-date=27 February 2022 |access-date=26 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

[[Ramzan Kadyrov]], the [[head of the Chechen Republic]], confirmed that the [[Kadyrovtsy#Ukraine|Kadyrovtsy]], units loyal to the [[Chechnya|Chechen Republic]], had been deployed into Ukraine as well.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 February 2022 |title=Chechen leader, a Putin ally, says his forces deployed to Ukraine |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/26/putins-chechen-ally-says-forces-deployed-ukraine-to-back-russia |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/26/putins-chechen-ally-says-forces-deployed-ukraine-to-back-russia |archive-date=27 February 2022 |access-date=26 February 2022 |agency=[[Al Jazeera]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Oleksiy Danilov]], the Secretary of Ukraine's [[National Security and Defense Council]], stated that members of Russia's [[Federal Security Service]] had tipped off Ukraine that Kadyrovtsy were attempting to infiltrate Kyiv and assassinate President Zelensky. Danilov stated that the Kadyrovtsy had split into two groups, with one destroyed by Ukrainian forces.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bella |first=Timothy |title=Assassination plot against Zelensky foiled and unit sent to kill him 'destroyed,' Ukraine says |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/03/02/zelensky-russia-ukraine-assassination-attempt-foiled/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=2 March 2022 |date=2 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303014223/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/03/02/zelensky-russia-ukraine-assassination-attempt-foiled/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

A six-year-old boy was killed and multiple others were wounded when artillery fire hit the Okhmatdyt Children's Hospital in Kyiv.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vogt |first1=Adrienne |last2=Moorhouse |first2=Lauren |last3=Ravindran |first3=Jeevan |last4=Yeung |first4=Jessie |last5=Lendon |first5=Brad |last6=George |first6=Steve |last7=Wagner |first7=Meg |last8=Amir |first8=Vera |date=26 February 2022 |title=Six-year-old boy killed in Kyiv clashes, several more Ukrainian civilians wounded |url=https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-26-22/h_60a7db10bfe4a64fb7fc9c2232fca43d |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-26-22/h_60a7db10bfe4a64fb7fc9c2232fca43d |archive-date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The Ukrainian military claimed to have blown up a convoy of 56 tankers in [[Chernihiv Oblast]] carrying diesel for Russian forces.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/02/26/7326282/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/02/26/7326282/ |archive-date=27 February 2022 |title=Ukrainian troops defending Chernihiv blow up 56 tanks of diesel fuel |work=[[Pravda]] |date=26 February 2022 |access-date=26 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

By the end of the day, Russian forces had failed in their attempts to encircle and isolate Kyiv, despite mechanised and airborne attacks.<ref name="CT Update 9">{{cite web |date=26 February 2022 |title=Ukraine Conflict Update 9: February 26, 2022 |url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/ukraine-conflict-update-9 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/ukraine-conflict-update-9 |archive-date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=Critical Threats |publisher=[[Institute for the Study of War]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The Ukrainian General Staff reported that Russia had committed its operational northern reserve of 17 [[battalion tactical group]]s (BTGs) after Ukrainian forces halted the advance of 14 BTGs to the north of Kyiv.<ref name="ISW Feb26"/> Russia temporarily abandoned attempts to seize Chernihiv and Kharkiv after attacks were repelled by determined Ukrainian resistance, and bypassed those cities to continue towards Kyiv.<ref name="CT Update 9"/> In the south, Russia took [[Berdiansk]] and threatened to encircle Mariupol.<ref name="ISW Feb26"/>

The [[Institute for the Study of War]] (ISW) said that poor planning and execution was leading to morale and logistical issues for the Russian military in northern Ukraine.<ref name="CT Update 9"/> US and UK officials reported that Russian forces faced shortages of gasoline and diesel fuel, leading to tanks and armoured vehicles stalling and slowing their advance.<ref>{{cite news |title=UK says Russian advance has slowed, likely caused by logistical problems, resistance |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/uk-says-russian-advance-has-slowed-likely-caused-by-logistical-problems-2022-02-26/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/uk-says-russian-advance-has-slowed-likely-caused-by-logistical-problems-2022-02-26/ |archive-date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=27 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Videos also emerged online of Russian tanks and [[armoured personnel carrier]]s, or APCs, stranded on the roadside.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 February 2022 |title=U.S., British Officials Say Russia Slowed By Logistics, 'Viable Ukrainian Resistance' |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/31724528.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.rferl.org/a/31724528.html |archive-date=27 February 2022 |access-date=26 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Russia continued to not use its full arsenal; the ISW said this was likely to avoid the diplomatic and public relations consequences of mass civilian casualties, as well as to avoid creating rubble that would impede the advance of its own forces.<ref name="ISW Feb26"/>

=== 27 February ===

{{see also|2022 Zhytomyr attacks|Battle of Berdiansk|Battle of Zaporizhzhia|Battle of Irpin|Battle of Bucha|Battle of Tokmak}}
[[File:Equipment of the sabotage and reconnaissance group captured in Odessa Oblast, 2022 (2) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Equipment of Russian sabotage and reconnaissance group captured in [[Odessa Oblast]]]]
Overnight, a gas pipeline outside Kharkiv was reported to have been blown up by a Russian attack,<ref>{{cite news|title=What's happening in the Ukraine crisis now |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60542877 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60542877 |archive-date=27 February 2022 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=27 February 2022 |date=27 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> while an oil depot in the village of Kriachky near Vasylkiv ignited after being hit by missiles.<ref>{{cite news |title=Update on Russian invasion: Vasylkiv hit with Russian missiles, oil depot nearby on fire |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3414231-russia-hits-kyiv-regions-vasylkiv-with-cruise-or-ballistic-missiles.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3414231-russia-hits-kyiv-regions-vasylkiv-with-cruise-or-ballistic-missiles.html |archive-date=27 February 2022 |publisher=[[UkrInform]] |access-date=27 February 2022 |date=27 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Heavy fighting near the [[Vasylkiv Air Base|Vasylkiv air base]] prevented firefighters from tackling the blaze.<ref>{{cite news |last=Орлова |first=Віолетта |title=Під Васильковом продовжується бій за аеропорт |trans-title=The battle for the airport continues near Vasylkiv |url=https://www.unian.ua/war/pid-vasilkovom-prodovzhuyetsya-biy-za-aeroport-novini-donbasu-11720173.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.unian.ua/war/pid-vasilkovom-prodovzhuyetsya-biy-za-aeroport-novini-donbasu-11720173.html |archive-date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |publisher=[[Unian]] |date=27 February 2022 |language=uk}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Also at night, it was reported that a group of [[Romani people in Ukraine|Ukrainian Roma]] (Gypsies) had seized a Russian tank in [[Liubymivka]], close to [[Kakhovka]], in the Kherson Oblast.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.unian.ua/war/pid-kahovkoyu-ukrajinski-romi-vkrali-u-rosiyskih-okupantiv-tank-novini-donbasu-11720335.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.unian.ua/war/pid-kahovkoyu-ukrajinski-romi-vkrali-u-rosiyskih-okupantiv-tank-novini-donbasu-11720335.html |archive-date=1 March 2022 |title=Під Каховкою українські роми вкрали у російських окупантів танк – місцеві |trans-title=Near Kakhovka, Ukrainian Roma stole a local tank from the Russian occupiers |language=uk |first=Violetta |last=Orlova |newspaper=Ukrainian Independent Information Agency |date=27 February 2022 }}{{cbignore}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.diglogs.com/cesko/the-ukrainian-roma-achieved-success-seizing-the-russian-tank/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.diglogs.com/cesko/the-ukrainian-roma-achieved-success-seizing-the-russian-tank/ |archive-date=1 March 2022 |title=The Ukrainian Roma achieved success, seizing the Russian tank |newspaper=DigLogs |date=27 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Furthermore, the Presidential Office stated that [[Kyiv International Airport (Zhuliany)|Zhuliany Airport]] was also bombed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-volodymyr-zelenskyy-kyiv-europe-united-nations-edc6df79755195b29473cfd6d38b1ebb |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-volodymyr-zelenskyy-kyiv-europe-united-nations-edc6df79755195b29473cfd6d38b1ebb |archive-date=27 February 2022 |title=Russia hits Ukraine fuel supplies, airfields in new attacks |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Russian-backed separatists in Luhansk province said that an oil terminal in the town of [[Rovenky]] was hit by a Ukrainian missile.<ref>{{cite news |title=Town near Ukraine's Kyiv hit by missiles, oil terminal on fire |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/town-near-ukraines-kyiv-hit-by-missiles-oil-terminal-fire-2022-02-27/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/town-near-ukraines-kyiv-hit-by-missiles-oil-terminal-fire-2022-02-27/ |archive-date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=27 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The [[State Emergency Service of Ukraine]] rescued 80 people from a nine-story residential building in Kharkiv after Russian artillery hit the building, extensively damaging it and killing a woman.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Adrienne |last1=Vogt |first2=Lauren |last2=Said-Moorhouse |first3=Jeevan |last3=Ravindran |first4=Peter |last4=Wilkinson |first5=Jessie |last5=Yeung |first6=Brad |last6=Lendon |first7=Steve |last7=George |first8=Meg |last8=Wagner |first9=Amir |last9=Vera |date=26 February 2022 |title=Russian aircraft banned from German airspace |url=https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-26-22/h_b166502aee8fd3e6916eed56d4c443f5 |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[CNN]] |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228214126/https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-26-22/h_b166502aee8fd3e6916eed56d4c443f5 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Nova Kakhovka's mayor, Vladimir Kovalenko, confirmed that the city had been seized by Russian troops, and he accused them of destroying the settlements of [[Kozatske]] and [[Vesele, Zaporizhzhia Oblast|Vesele]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Vinogradova |first=Ulyana |title=Новая Каховка полностью под контролем российских оккупантов – мэр |trans-title=New Kakhovka is completely under the control of Russian invaders – the mayor |url=https://korrespondent.net/ukraine/4452018-novaia-kakhovka-polnostui-pod-kontrolem-rossyiskykh-okkupantov-mer1 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://korrespondent.net/ukraine/4452018-novaia-kakhovka-polnostui-pod-kontrolem-rossyiskykh-okkupantov-mer1 |archive-date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |work=[[Korrespondent]] |language=uk}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Russian troops also entered Kharkiv, with fighting taking place in the city streets, including in the city centre.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russian troops enter Ukraine's Kharkiv -Ukrainian official |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-troops-enter-ukraines-kharkiv-ukrainian-official-2022-02-27/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-troops-enter-ukraines-kharkiv-ukrainian-official-2022-02-27/ |archive-date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=27 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> At the same time, Russian tanks started pushing into Sumy.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 February 2022 |title=A large column of Russian vehicles is pushing into the city of Sumy from the side of Khimprom |url=https://kyivindependent.com/uncategorized/a-large-column-of-russian-vehicles-is-pushing-into-the-city-of-sumy-from-the-side-of-khimprom/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://kyivindependent.com/uncategorized/a-large-column-of-russian-vehicles-is-pushing-into-the-city-of-sumy-from-the-side-of-khimprom/ |archive-date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[The Kyiv Independent]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Meanwhile, the Russian Defense Ministry announced that Russian forces had completely surrounded Kherson and Berdiansk, in addition to capturing [[Henichesk]] and [[Kherson International Airport]] in Chernobaevka.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-says-it-blocks-ukraines-kherson-berdyansk-ria-2022-02-27/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-says-it-blocks-ukraines-kherson-berdyansk-ria-2022-02-27/ |archive-date=27 February 2022 |title=Russia says it "blocks" Ukraine's Kherson, Berdyansk – RIA |first1=Olzhas |last1=Auyezov |first2=William |last2=Mallard |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pnp.ru/politics/v-minoborony-soobshhili-ob-unichtozhenii-975-voennykh-obektov-ukrainy.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.pnp.ru/politics/v-minoborony-soobshhili-ob-unichtozhenii-975-voennykh-obektov-ukrainy.html |archive-date=27 February 2022 |title=В Минобороны сообщили об уничтожении 975 военных объектов Украины |trans-title=The Ministry of Defense announced the destruction of 975 military facilities of Ukraine |language=ru |date=27 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> By the early afternoon, Kharkiv Oblast governor [[Oleh Synyehubov]] stated that Ukrainian forces had regained full control of Kharkiv,<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine restores full control over Kharkiv: City governor |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/world/ukraine-restores-full-control-over-kharkiv-city-governor/news |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.dailysabah.com/world/ukraine-restores-full-control-over-kharkiv-city-governor/news |archive-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Daily Sabah]] |access-date=27 February 2022 |date=27 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and Ukrainian authorities said that dozens of Russian troops in the city had surrendered.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-27-22/index.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-27-22/index.html |archive-date=27 February 2022 |title=Ukrainian commander in Kharkiv says dozens of Russians surrendered |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Hennadiy Matsegora, the mayor of [[Kupiansk]], later agreed to hand over control of the city to Russian forces.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/02/27/7326623/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/02/27/7326623/ |archive-date=1 March 2022 |title=In Kharkiv region, mayor admits to handing over city to occupiers |work=[[Pravda]] |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In a televised address, President Putin was shown to have ordered the Minister of Defence and the Chief of the General Staff "to put the deterrence forces of the Russian army into a special mode of combat service", in response to what he called "aggressive statements" by NATO members.<ref>{{cite news |title=Putin puts nuclear 'deterrence' forces on alert |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |url=https://www.dw.com/en/putin-puts-nuclear-deterrence-forces-on-alert/a-60936141 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228145012/https://www.dw.com/en/putin-puts-nuclear-deterrence-forces-on-alert/a-60936141 |archive-date=28 February 2022 |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Путин поручил Минобороны перевести силы сдерживания в особый режим |trans-title=Putin instructed the Ministry of Defense to transfer the containment forces to a special regime |url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/news/2022/02/27/911143-putin-poruchil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227160927/https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/news/2022/02/27/911143-putin-poruchil |archive-date=27 February 2022 |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |website=[[Vedomosti]] |language=ru |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Roth |first=Andrew |title=Vladimir Putin puts Russia's nuclear deterrence forces on high alert |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/27/vladimir-putin-puts-russia-nuclear-deterrence-forces-on-high-alert-ukraine |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220227/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/27/vladimir-putin-puts-russia-nuclear-deterrence-forces-on-high-alert-ukraine |archive-date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=27 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The phrase Putin used, namely "special mode of combat service", was unknown on the basis of open sources.<ref>{{cite web |title=Путин перевел силы ядерного сдерживания в особый режим. Что это значит? |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-60557013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228173509/https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-60557013 |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |date=28 February 2022 |website=[[BBC News Russian]] |language=ru |url-status=live }}</ref> Purported order was interpreted as a threat and met with criticism from NATO, the EU, and the [[United Nations]] (UN); NATO Secretary-General [[Jens Stoltenberg]] described it as being "dangerous and irresponsible", while UN official [[Stéphane Dujarric]] called the idea of a nuclear war "inconceivable".<ref>{{cite web |date=27 February 2022 |title=NATO chief calls Putin's alert irresponsible, dangerous rhetoric |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/2345548/nato-chief-calls-putin-alert-order-irresponsible-cites-dangerous-rhetoric |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/http://tribune.com.pk/story/2345548/nato-chief-calls-putin-alert-order-irresponsible-cites-dangerous-rhetoric |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date= |website=[[The Express Tribune]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=27 February 2022 |title=UN spokesman says idea of nuclear conflict 'inconceivable' |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/un-spokesman-says-idea-of-nuclear-conflict-inconceivable/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/un-spokesman-says-idea-of-nuclear-conflict-inconceivable/ |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date= |website=[[Times of Israel]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

According to the intelligence analyst firm Rochan Consulting, Russia had succeeded in connecting Crimea with areas in eastern Ukraine held by pro-Russian forces by besieging Mariupol and Berdiansk.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/dd28dd4c-ab02-4f06-a56a-e930d1ce0ffd |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.ft.com/content/dd28dd4c-ab02-4f06-a56a-e930d1ce0ffd |archive-date=1 March 2022 |title=Russia homes in on Kyiv and Kharkiv and pushes across Black Sea coast |work=[[Financial Times]] |first1=Henry |last1=Foy |first2=John Paul |last2=Rathbone |date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Oleksiy Arestovych]], an advisor to President Zelenskyy, stated that Berdiansk had been captured by Russian forces.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fakty.com.ua/ua/ukraine/suspilstvo/20220228-melitopol-zahopyly-bojovyky-u-harkovi-ta-sumah-tysha-arestovych-pro-sytuacziyu-v-ukrayini/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://fakty.com.ua/ua/ukraine/suspilstvo/20220228-melitopol-zahopyly-bojovyky-u-harkovi-ta-sumah-tysha-arestovych-pro-sytuacziyu-v-ukrayini/ |archive-date=1 March 2022 |title=Бердянськ захопили бойовики, у Харкові та Сумах – тиша: Арестович про ситуацію в Україні |trans-title=Berdyansk captured by militants, silence in Kharkiv and Sumy: Arestovych on the situation in Ukraine |work=[[Fakty i Kommentarii]] |first=Yulia |last=Zakharchenko |date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |language=Ukrainian}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The main Russian force from the Crimea was advancing north towards [[Zaporizhzhia]], while a Russian force on the east bank of the Dnipro threatened Mykolaiv.<ref name="ISW_update_10">{{cite web |title=Ukraine Conflict Update 10 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/ukraine-conflict-update-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/ukraine-conflict-update-10 |archive-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Institute for the Study of War]] |access-date=28 February 2022 |date=27 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Russian forces were pushed back in [[Bucha, Kyiv Oblast|Bucha]] and [[Irpin]] to the north-west of Kyiv. According to UK military intelligence, Russian mechanised forces had bypassed Chernihiv as they moved towards Kyiv.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |title=Russian forces advance on Kyiv: fighting on fourth day of invasion |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/27/kyiv-surrounded-says-mayor-fighting-on-fourth-day-of-russian-invasion-of-ukraine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/27/kyiv-surrounded-says-mayor-fighting-on-fourth-day-of-russian-invasion-of-ukraine |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=27 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Luhansk Oblast governor [[Serhiy Haidai]] accused Russian forces of destroying [[Stanytsia Luhanska]] and Shchastia before capturing them, while Donetsk Oblast governor [[Pavlo Kyrylenko]] also accused them of destroying [[Volnovakha]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/news/stanitsa-luganskaya-schaste-volnovaha-okazalis-1645985725.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/news/stanitsa-luganskaya-schaste-volnovaha-okazalis-1645985725.html |archive-date=1 March 2022 |title=Станиця Луганська, Щастя і Волноваха опинилися на межі гуманітарної катастрофи |trans-title=The village of Luhansk, Happiness and Volnovakha were on the verge of a humanitarian catastrophe |publisher=[[RBC Ukraine]] |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |language=uk}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

The ISW said that Russian forces in northern Ukraine had likely conducted an "operational pause" starting the previous day in order to deploy additional forces and supplies; Russian military resources not previously part of the invasion force were being moved toward Ukraine in anticipation of a more difficult conflict than initially expected.<ref name="ISW_update_10"/>

=== 28 February ===

{{see also|Siege of Enerhodar}}
[[File:Chernihiv, 28.02.2022 - State Emergency Service of Ukraine.webm|thumb|thumbtime=0:16|Ruins in [[Chernihiv]] after Russian shelling on 28 February]]
[[File:Russian shelling of Kharkiv, 28 February 2022.webm|thumb|thumbtime=0:26|Russian shelling of [[Kharkiv]] on 28 February]]
Fighting took place around Mariupol throughout the night.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fighting around Ukraine's Mariupol throughout the night – regional governor |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/fighting-around-ukraines-mariupol-throughout-night-regional-governor-2022-02-28/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/fighting-around-ukraines-mariupol-throughout-night-regional-governor-2022-02-28/ |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=28 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On the morning of 28 February, the UK defence ministry said that most Russian ground forces remained over {{convert|30|km|abbr=on}} north of Kyiv, having been slowed by Ukrainian resistance at Hostomel Airport. It also said that fighting was taking place near Chernihiv and Kharkiv, and that both cities remained under Ukrainian control.<ref>{{cite news |title=UK says Russian advance on Kyiv slowed by staunch Ukrainian resistance |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-britain-intelligence/uk-says-russian-advance-on-kyiv-slowed-by-staunch-ukrainian-resistance-idUSKBN2KX0LJ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-britain-intelligence/uk-says-russian-advance-on-kyiv-slowed-by-staunch-ukrainian-resistance-idUSKBN2KX0LJ |archive-date=1 March 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=28 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Maxar Technologies]] released satellite images that showed a Russian column, including tanks and self-propelled artillery, travelling toward Kyiv near [[Ivankiv]].<ref name="Beech-2022">{{cite news |last=Beech |first=Eric |date=28 February 2022 |title=Russian military convoy north of Kyiv stretches for 40 miles -Maxar |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-military-convoy-north-kyiv-stretches-40-miles-maxar-2022-03-01/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-military-convoy-north-kyiv-stretches-40-miles-maxar-2022-03-01/ |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The firm initially stated that the convoy was approximately {{Convert|17|mi|km|order=flip}} long, but clarified later that day that the column was actually more than {{Convert|40|mi|km|order=flip}} in length.<ref name="Beech-2022"/>

''[[The Times]]'' reported that the [[Wagner Group]] had been redeployed from [[Africa]] to Kyiv, with orders to assassinate Zelenskyy during the first days of the Russian invasion.<ref>{{cite news |first=Manveen |last=Rana |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/volodymyr-zelensky-russian-mercenaries-ordered-to-kill-ukraine-president-cvcksh79d |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/volodymyr-zelensky-russian-mercenaries-ordered-to-kill-ukraine-president-cvcksh79d |archive-date=1 March 2022 |title=Volodymyr Zelensky: Russian mercenaries ordered to kill Ukraine's president |work=[[The Times]] |date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Ukrainian advisor Oleksiy Arestovych claimed that more than 200 Russian military vehicles had been destroyed or damaged on the highway between Irpin and Zhytomyr by 14:00 EET.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://espreso.tv/do-1400-bulo-znishcheno-ponad-200-odinits-tekhniki-okupantiv-na-napryamkakh-trasi-irpin-zhitomir-arestovich |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://espreso.tv/do-1400-bulo-znishcheno-ponad-200-odinits-tekhniki-okupantiv-na-napryamkakh-trasi-irpin-zhitomir-arestovich |archive-date=1 March 2022 |title=До 14:00 було знищено понад 200 одиниць техніки окупантів на напрямках траси Ірпінь-Житомир, – Арестович |trans-title=By 14:00 more than 200 units of equipment of occupiers on the directions of the route Irpin-Zhytomyr were destroyed, – Arestovich |work=[[Espreso TV]] |date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |language=uk}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Ihor Terekhov]], the mayor of Kharkiv, stated that nine civilians were killed and 37 were wounded due to Russian shelling on the city during the day.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine invasion: Three children among nine dead as footage shows Kharkiv apartment block being rocked by series of blasts |url=https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-invasion-cluster-munition-strikes-buildings-in-kharkiv-as-dozens-killed-in-mass-shelling-12554056 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-invasion-cluster-munition-strikes-buildings-in-kharkiv-as-dozens-killed-in-mass-shelling-12554056 |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |work=[[Sky News]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Oksana Markarova]], the Ukrainian ambassador to the US, accused Russia of using a [[vacuum bomb]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Sabin |first=Lamiat |title=Russia used vacuum bomb during invasion, Ukrainian ambassador claims |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-ukraine-war-vaccuum-bomb-thermobaric-b2025344.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-ukraine-war-vaccuum-bomb-thermobaric-b2025344.html |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=1 March 2022 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=1 March 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Talks between Ukrainian and Russian representatives in [[Gomel]], Belarus, ended without a breakthrough.<ref>{{cite news |last=Harrison |first=Virginia |title=Ukraine: what we know on day six of Russia's invasion |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/01/ukraine-what-we-know-day-six-russia-invasion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/01/ukraine-what-we-know-day-six-russia-invasion |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=1 March 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=1 March 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hopkins |first=Valerie |title=Initial talks between Russia and Ukraine yield no resolution. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/28/world/europe/ukraine-russia-talks-belarus.html |access-date=3 March 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 February 2022 |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301041236/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/28/world/europe/ukraine-russia-talks-belarus.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As a condition for ending the invasion, Putin demanded Ukraine's [[Neutral country|neutrality]], "denazification" and "demilitarisation", and recognition of Crimea as Russian territory.<ref>{{cite news |title=Putin says Ukrainian neutrality key to any settlement |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/putin-says-ukrainian-neutrality-key-any-settlement-2022-02-28/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.reuters.com/world/putin-says-ukrainian-neutrality-key-any-settlement-2022-02-28/ |archive-date=1 March 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=28 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Russia increased strikes on Ukrainian airfields and logistics centres, particularly in the west, in an apparent attempt to ground the Ukrainian air force and disrupt resupply from nations to the west. In the north, the ISW called the decision to use heavy artillery in Kharkiv "a dangerous inflection". Additional Russian forces and logistics columns in southern Belarus appeared to be maneuvering to support a Kyiv assault.<ref>{{cite web |title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, February 28 2022 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-february-28-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-february-28-2022 |archive-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Institute for the Study of War]] |access-date=1 March 2022 |date=28 February 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> An analyst with the [[Royal United Services Institute]] stated that the Ukrainian regular army is no longer functioning in formations but in largely fixed defences, and was increasingly integrated with [[Territorial Defense Forces (Ukraine)|Territorial Defense Forces]] and armed volunteers.<ref>{{cite web |title='Russia has 75% of forces inside Ukraine' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60542877?ns_linkname=621dcac6ec502b53cd480359%26%27Russia%20has%2075%25%20of%20forces%20inside%20Ukraine%27%262022-03-01T07%3A37%3A57.818Z&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:341d7815-541d-4473-8a09-55b19f660556&pinned_post_asset_id=621dcac6ec502b53cd480359 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 March 2022 |date=1 March 2022 |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302202155/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60542877?ns_linkname=621dcac6ec502b53cd480359%26%27Russia+has+75%25+of+forces+inside+Ukraine%27%262022-03-01T07%3A37%3A57.818Z&pinned_post_locator=urn%3Aasset%3A341d7815-541d-4473-8a09-55b19f660556&pinned_post_asset_id=621dcac6ec502b53cd480359 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 28 February, a diplomatic crisis within [[Greece–Russia relations]] was sparked when the latter's air forces bombarded the two settlements of Buhas and [[Sartana, Ukraine|Sartana]], majority-populated by [[Ukrainian Greeks]] near Mariupol, killing 12 Greeks.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tanea.gr/2022/02/28/greece/polemos-stin-oukrania-nekroi-dyo-akomi-ellines-omogeneis-sto-xorio-sartana/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228115253/https://www.tanea.gr/2022/02/28/greece/polemos-stin-oukrania-nekroi-dyo-akomi-ellines-omogeneis-sto-xorio-sartana/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |title=Πόλεμος στην Ουκρανία: Νεκροί δύο ακόμη Ελληνες στο χωριό Σαρτανάς |trans-title=War in Ukraine: 2 more Greeks dead at the Sartana Village |language=el |website=tanea.gr |date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 }}</ref> Greece protested strongly, summoning the Russian ambassador. French President [[Emmanuel Macron]] and US Secretary of State [[Antony Blinken]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.state.gov/the-secretarys-call-with-greek-foreign-minister-dendias/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227175534/https://www.state.gov/the-secretarys-call-with-greek-foreign-minister-dendias/ |archive-date=27 February 2022 |title=The Secretary's Call with Greek Foreign Minister Dendias |website=[[United States Department of State]] |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> along with Germany,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.real.gr/kosmos/arthro/presbeia_germanias_stin_ellada_syllypitiria_stous_syggeneis_ton_10_amaxon_ellinikis_katagogis-813186/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227144156/https://www.real.gr/kosmos/arthro/presbeia_germanias_stin_ellada_syllypitiria_stous_syggeneis_ton_10_amaxon_ellinikis_katagogis-813186/ |archive-date=27 February 2022 |trans-title=German Embassy in Greece: 'Condolences to the relatives of the 10 civilians of Greek origin' |title=Πρεσβεία Γερμανίας στην Ελλάδα: 'Συλλυπητήρια στους συγγενείς των 10 αμάχων ελληνικής καταγωγής' |language=el |website=Real.gr |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> and other countries, expressed their condolences to Greece. Russian authorities denied responsibility, although Greek authorities stated that they had evidence of Russian involvement.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.efsyn.gr/politiki/exoteriki-politiki/333846_ypex-ehoyme-apodeixeis-oti-oi-ellines-skotothikan-apo-rosika |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227092445/https://www.efsyn.gr/politiki/exoteriki-politiki/333846_ypex-ehoyme-apodeixeis-oti-oi-ellines-skotothikan-apo-rosika |archive-date=27 February 2022 |trans-title=Greek Foreign Ministry: we have evidence that the Greeks were killed by Russian fire |title=ΥΠΕΞ: Έχουμε αποδείξεις ότι οι Έλληνες σκοτώθηκαν από ρωσικά πυρά |website=EfSyn |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |language=el |url-status=live }}</ref> In response, Greek prime minister [[Kyriakos Mitsotakis]] announced that his country would send defensive military equipment and humanitarian aid to support Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1178530/greece-to-send-defensive-military-equipment-to-ukraine/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227094310/https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1178530/greece-to-send-defensive-military-equipment-to-ukraine/ |archive-date=27 February 2022 |title=Greece to send defensive military equipment to Ukraine |website=Kathimerini |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/27/russian-air-strikes-in-ukraine-kills-10-greek-nationals-fm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227094829/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/27/russian-air-strikes-in-ukraine-kills-10-greek-nationals-fm |archive-date=27 February 2022 |title=Greece summons Russian envoy after bombing kills 10 nationals |website=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>

A [[Sky News]] reporting team, whilst attempting to return to Kyiv, came under gunfire from what Ukraine claimed was a Russian saboteur reconnaissance squad. [[Stuart Ramsay]], a member of the team, was wounded in the lower back.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sky News team's harrowing account of their violent ambush in Ukraine this week |url=https://news.sky.com/story/sky-news-teams-harrowing-account-of-their-violent-ambush-in-ukraine-this-week-12557585 |access-date=5 March 2022 |website=[[Sky News]] |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305173403/https://news.sky.com/story/sky-news-teams-harrowing-account-of-their-violent-ambush-in-ukraine-this-week-12557585 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=5 March 2022 |title=Sky journalist shot and wounded in Ukraine ambush |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-60627841 |access-date=5 March 2022 |website=[[BBC News]] |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305165809/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-60627841 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ensor |first=Josie |date=4 March 2022 |title=Sky News reporter Stuart Ramsay shot by Russian 'infiltrators' in Ukraine |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/03/04/sky-news-reporter-stuart-ramsay-shot-russian-infiltrators-ukraine/ |access-date=5 March 2022 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305170045/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/03/04/sky-news-reporter-stuart-ramsay-shot-russian-infiltrators-ukraine/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

A ranking Russian Army commander, Major General [[Andrey Sukhovetsky]], deputy commander of the [[41st Combined Arms Army]] of the [[Central Military District]], was killed in unspecified circumstances in Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Paul P. |last2=Pennington |first2=Josh |date=11 March 2022 |title=Russian major general killed in Ukraine at end of February |url=https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-putin-news-03-11-22/h_3e6ea2e4c7df77975ab58f7317aa5d71 |work=CNN |location= |access-date=11 March 2022 |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311161902/https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-putin-news-03-11-22/h_3e6ea2e4c7df77975ab58f7317aa5d71 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ukraine forces reportedly kill top Russian general in blow to invading army |url=https://www.newsweek.com/russia-ukraine-sukhovetsky-conflict-1684441 |access-date=3 March 2022 |work=[[Newsweek]] |date=3 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303113059/https://www.newsweek.com/russia-ukraine-sukhovetsky-conflict-1684441 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== March 2022 ==

=== 1 March ===
[[File:Kharkiv downtown street destroyed by Russian bombardment.jpg|thumb|A downtown street in [[Kharkiv]] after Russian bombardment]]
[[File:Russian military weapons destroyed and seized by the Armed Forces of Ukraine.jpg|thumb|Russian military vehicles destroyed on a road in the town of Bucha, close to the capital Kyiv on 1 March 2022]]
According to [[Dmytro Zhyvytskyi]], the governor of [[Sumy Oblast]], more than 70 Ukrainian soldiers had been killed during Russian shelling of a military base in [[Okhtyrka]].<ref>{{cite web |title=More than 70 Ukrainian soldiers killed after Russian artillery hit Okhtyrka base |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2022/feb/28/ukrainian-soldiers-killed-after-russian-artillery-/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2022/feb/28/ukrainian-soldiers-killed-after-russian-artillery-/ |archive-date=1 March 2022 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |publisher=[[The Washington Times]] |date=1 March 2022 |access-date=1 March 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> A Russian missile later hit the [[Kharkiv Oblast Council|regional administration building]] on [[Freedom Square (Kharkiv)|Freedom Square]] during a bombardment of Kharkiv, killing at least ten civilians, and wounding 35 others.<ref>{{cite news |last=Zinets |first=Natalia |title=Kharkiv official says Russian missiles hit administration building, residential areas |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/kharkiv-official-russian-missiles-hit-city-administration-residential-areas-2022-03-01/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/kharkiv-official-russian-missiles-hit-city-administration-residential-areas-2022-03-01/ |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=1 March 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=1 March 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Footage appears to show strike on Kharkiv local government building |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/least-10-killed-latest-rocket-strikes-ukraines-kharkiv-says-ukrainian-official-2022-03-01/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.reuters.com/world/least-10-killed-latest-rocket-strikes-ukraines-kharkiv-says-ukrainian-official-2022-03-01/ |archive-date=1 March 2022 |date=1 March 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022 |work=[[Reuters]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In southern Ukraine, the city of [[Kherson]] was reported to be under attack by Russian forces.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ukraine: Kharkiv attack was a war crime, says President Zelensky |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-60567162 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-60567162 |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=1 March 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=1 March 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The [[Ukrainian government]] announced that it would sell [[war bond]]s to fund [[Armed Forces of Ukraine|armed forces]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ukraine to sell 'war bonds' to fund armed forces |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-60566776 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-60566776 |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=1 March 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=1 March 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

The Ukrainian parliament stated that the [[Armed Forces of Belarus]] had joined Russia's invasion and were in [[Chernihiv Oblast]], northeast of the capital. [[UNIAN]] reported that a column of 33 military vehicles had entered the region. The US disagreed with these claims, saying that there was "no indication" that Belarus had invaded.<ref>{{cite news |title=US sees 'no indication' to back Ukrainian claim Belarus has joined Russia's invasion |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/belarus-russia-war-ukraine/amp/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.politico.eu/article/belarus-russia-war-ukraine/amp/ |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=1 March 2022 |first=Camille |last=Gijs |work=[[Politico]] |date=1 March 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Hours prior, Belarus's President Lukashenko said that Belarus would not join the war.<ref>{{cite web |title=Belarus leader says Minsk won't join Russian operation in Ukraine, Belta reports |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/belarus-leader-says-minsk-wont-join-russian-operation-ukraine-belta-reports-2022-03-01/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/belarus-leader-says-minsk-wont-join-russian-operation-ukraine-belta-reports-2022-03-01/ |archive-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Reuters]] |date=1 March 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

After Russia's Defense Ministry announced that it would hit targets to stop "information attacks", missiles struck broadcasting infrastructure for the primary television and radio transmitters in Kyiv, taking TV channels off the air.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Triebert |first1=Christiaan |last2=Willis |first2=Haley |last3=Tiefenthäler |first3=Ainara |last4=Koroleva |first4=Aleksandra |date=1 March 2022 |title=Kyiv's main radio and TV tower is hit by projectile, with other explosions nearby. |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/03/01/world/ukraine-russia-war |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/03/01/world/ukraine-russia-war |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=1 March 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Ukrainian officials said that the attack killed five people and damaged the nearby [[Babyn Yar Holocaust Memorial Center]], Ukraine's main Holocaust memorial.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 March 2022 |title=Live updates: Russia kills 5 in attack on Kyiv TV tower |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-spacex-kyiv-business-europe-6bcdf50c08dd62a4c5305aa34d045cce |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-spacex-kyiv-business-europe-6bcdf50c08dd62a4c5305aa34d045cce |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[AP News]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first1=Zachary |last1=Basu |first2=Dave |last2=Lawler |date=1 March 2022 |title=Russian strike on Kyiv TV tower kills 5 and damages Holocaust memorial: Zelensky |url=https://www.axios.com/ukraine-russia-peace-talks-zelensky-72a5de75-6cad-4780-9686-d28cec86edd8.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.axios.com/ukraine-russia-peace-talks-zelensky-72a5de75-6cad-4780-9686-d28cec86edd8.html |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

An official from the [[US Department of Defense]] stated that Russian forces had captured [[Berdiansk]] and [[Melitopol]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine live updates: Deadly blast at Kyiv TV tower after Russia warns capital |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-60542877 |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[BBC News]] |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302000857/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-60542877 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2 March ===

{{see also|Horlivka offensive|Battle of Sievierodonetsk (2022)|Battle of Voznesensk}}
The Ukrainian military reported a Russian paratrooper assault on northwest [[Kharkiv]], where a military hospital came under attack.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skynews.com.au/world-news/russian-paratroopers-launch-fresh-attack-on-embattled-kharkiv-with-battle-underway-at-military-hospital/news-story/4cbd5625944ddf500545c11291e46302 |title=Russian paratroopers launch fresh attack on embattled Kharkiv with battle underway at military hospital |work=[[Sky News]] |date=2 March 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref> Zhyvytskyi stated that Russian forces had captured [[Trostianets]] after entering it at 01:03.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/805132.html |title=Тростянець захоплено агресором – голова ОВА |trans-title=Trostyanets was captured by the aggressor - the head of the OVA |work=[[Interfax Ukraine]] |date=2 March 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022 |language=Ukrainian}}</ref>

Ukrainian advisor Oleksiy Arestovych stated that the Ukrainian forces had gone on the offensive for the first time during the war, advancing towards [[Horlivka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/805456.html |title=First in 7 days of war Ukrainian units go on offensive advancing to Horlivka – Arestovych |work=[[Interfax Ukraine]] |date=2 March 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022 |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302190129/https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/805456.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Russian troops also advanced, capturing the city of Kherson.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Schwirtz |first1=Michael |last2=Pérez-Peña |first2=Richard |last3=Bilefsky |first3=Dan |date=2 March 2022 |title=Ukraine Live Updates: First Key Southern City Falls, Ukrainian Officials Say |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/03/02/world/ukraine-russia-war |access-date=3 March 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303034234/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/03/02/world/ukraine-russia-war |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Valerii Zaluzhnyi]], the [[Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine]], stated that Ukrainian forces had recaptured [[Makariv]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://ukranews.com/en/news/838267-armed-forces-of-ukraine-liberate-makariv-in-kyiv-region-commander-in-chief-zaluzhnyi |title=Settlement of Makariv liberated – Valerii Zaluzhnyi |agency=Ukrainian News Agency |date=2 March 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303152559/https://ukranews.com/en/news/838267-armed-forces-of-ukraine-liberate-makariv-in-kyiv-region-commander-in-chief-zaluzhnyi |url-status=live }}</ref> Vadym Boychenko, the mayor of [[Mariupol]], reported that the residential areas in the city were being "relentlessly" shelled by the Russian military, with "scores of" casualties among civilians.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ukraine live updates: Russia attacks key Ukraine cities as invasion intensifies |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60582327 |access-date=2 March 2022 |agency=[[BBC News]] |date=2 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303144651/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60582327 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Bangladeshi [[bulk carrier]] ''Banglar Samriddhi'' was struck by a missile at 17:25 at the port of Olvia in [[Mykolaiv Oblast]], setting it on fire and killing a Bangladeshi engineer.<ref>{{cite news |title=Missile Sets Bangladeshi Vessel Ablaze in Ukraine Port, One Dead |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-03/missile-sets-bangladeshi-vessel-ablaze-in-ukraine-port-one-dead |first=Arun |last=Devnath |access-date=3 March 2022 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=2 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303152857/https://www.bloomberg.com/tosv2.html?vid=&uuid=a43d6354-9b06-11ec-a79c-546568596f46&url=L25ld3MvYXJ0aWNsZXMvMjAyMi0wMy0wMy9taXNzaWxlLXNldHMtYmFuZ2xhZGVzaGktdmVzc2VsLWFibGF6ZS1pbi11a3JhaW5lLXBvcnQtb25lLWRlYWQ= |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ukraine conflict: Bangladeshi killed in rocket attack on ship |url=https://unb.com.bd/category/bangladesh/ukraine-conflict-bangladeshi-killed-in-rocket-attack-on-ship/88555 |access-date=3 March 2022 |work=[[United News of Bangladesh]] |date=2 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303161403/https://unb.com.bd/category/bangladesh/ukraine-conflict-bangladeshi-killed-in-rocket-attack-on-ship/88555 |url-status=live }}</ref>

''[[Ukrayinska Pravda]]'' reported, with reference to a source in Ukraine's intelligence, that [[Viktor Yanukovych]], a former president of Ukraine with pro-Russia sympathies ousted following the [[Revolution of Dignity]], was in Minsk, Belarus, and that it was Russia's intention to declare him as president in the event of Russian forces gaining control of Kyiv.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/03/2/7327392/ |title=Ukraine's former President Yanukovych ousted in 2014 is in Minsk, Kremlin wants to reinstall him in Kyiv |date=3 March 2022 |website=[[Ukrayinska Pravda]] |access-date=3 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303005009/https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/03/2/7327392/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bhandari |first=Shashwat |date=2 March 2022 |title=Kremlin planning to declare ex-President Viktor Yanukovych as new head of Ukraine |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/world/russia-ukraine-war-kremlin-planning-to-declare-ex-president-viktor-yanukovych-as-new-head-of-ukraine-2022-03-02-762346 |access-date=3 March 2022 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303230049/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/world/russia-ukraine-war-kremlin-planning-to-declare-ex-president-viktor-yanukovych-as-new-head-of-ukraine-2022-03-02-762346 |url-status=live }}</ref> Nevertheless, some analysts think that Putin may put the pro-Russian [[Viktor Medvedchuk]] as president if Ukraine surrenders.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 February 2022 |title=If Putin Picks Puppet Ukraine Leader, Viktor Medvedchuk is Odds-on Favorite |work=[[Newsweek]] |url=https://www.newsweek.com/if-putin-picks-puppet-ukraine-leader-viktor-medvedchuk-odds-favorite-1682429 |access-date=5 March 2022 |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310031421/https://www.newsweek.com/if-putin-picks-puppet-ukraine-leader-viktor-medvedchuk-odds-favorite-1682429 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Sergey Lavrov]], the Russian [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]], accused the NATO and the EU of wanting to start a nuclear war and warned that "World War III would be nuclear and destructive".<ref>{{cite news |date=2 March 2022 |title=Russia's Sergei Lavrov says a third world war would be nuclear |work=[[National Post]] |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/world/russias-lavrov-says-a-third-world-war-would-be-nuclear-and-destructive-ria |access-date=3 March 2022 }}</ref>

=== 3 March ===

During a second round of talks, Russia and Ukraine agreed to open [[humanitarian corridor]]s for the evacuation of civilians.<ref>{{cite web |author=ABC News Team |title=2nd round of talks between Russia and Ukraine end with no cease-fire |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/2nd-round-talks-russia-ukraine-end-cease-fire/story?id=83226054 |website=abcnews.go.com |publisher=[[ABC News]] |access-date=4 March 2022 |archive-date=6 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306021906/https://abcnews.go.com/International/2nd-round-talks-russia-ukraine-end-cease-fire/story?id=83226054 |url-status=live }}</ref>
The Estonian cargo ship ''Helt'' sunk after an explosion near [[Odessa]]; all six crew members aboard the ship survived.<ref>{{cite news|last=Batchelor |first=Tom |title=Cargo ship sinks off coast of Ukrainian port Odessa 'after explosion' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-ship-explosion-estonia-odessa-b2027699.html |access-date=3 March 2022 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=3 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303144311/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-ship-explosion-estonia-odessa-b2027699.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Saul |first1=Jonathan |last2=Paul |first2=Ruma |title=Two cargo ships hit by blasts around Ukraine, one seafarer killed |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/bangladesh-cargo-ship-hit-by-missile-crew-member-killed-bangladesh-official-2022-03-03 |access-date=3 March 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=3 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303105115/https://www.reuters.com/world/bangladesh-cargo-ship-hit-by-missile-crew-member-killed-bangladesh-official-2022-03-03/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

The German [[Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action|Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs]] authorized the supply of 2,700 [[surface-to-air missile]]s (SAMs) to Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web |title=Germany to ship anti-aircraft missiles to Ukraine — reports |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-to-ship-anti-aircraft-missiles-to-ukraine-reports/a-60995325 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=3 March 2022 |access-date=5 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303152901/https://www.dw.com/en/germany-to-ship-anti-aircraft-missiles-to-ukraine-reports/a-60995325 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ukraine's parliament, the [[Verkhovna Rada]], passed a law allowing the seizure of assets owned by the Russian government or nationals.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukrainian-parliament-backs-bill-seize-russia-owned-assets-ukraine-2022-03-03/ |title=Ukrainian parliament backs bill to seize Russia-owned assets in Ukraine |work=[[Reuters]] |date=3 March 2022 |access-date=4 March 2022 |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305171142/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukrainian-parliament-backs-bill-seize-russia-owned-assets-ukraine-2022-03-03/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Russian Defense Ministry]] claimed it had captured [[Balakliia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2035291/world |title=Russia hits communications facility in Kyiv, takes town near Kharkiv -Ifax |work=Arab News |date=3 March 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303230949/https://www.arabnews.com/node/2035291/world |url-status=live}}</ref> Zelenskyy meanwhile asked to hold direct talks with Russian president Putin, saying that they are "the only way to stop this war".<ref>{{cite web |author=BBC News Team |title=Civilians trapped as Russia bombards port city |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60582327 |website=bbc.com |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=3 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303144651/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60582327 |url-status=live }}</ref> The United States stated that about 90% of the Russian forces that had amassed around Ukraine before the invasion had entered the country.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.stripes.com/theaters/europe/2022-03-03/ukraine-russian-invasion-war-pentagon-kherson-5213281.html |title=First Ukrainian city reportedly falls to Russia as Pentagon says 90% of Russian troops amassed for war are now in Ukraine |first=Caitlin |last=Doornobs |work=Stars and Stripes |date=3 March 2022 |access-date=4 March 2022 |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305171215/https://www.stripes.com/theaters/europe/2022-03-03/ukraine-russian-invasion-war-pentagon-kherson-5213281.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Zelenskyy also announced that the first batch of international volunteers had arrived in Ukraine to fight against Russian forces. He added that Ukraine was regularly receiving weapons from Western countries.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/europe/596718-zelensky-says-first-foreign-fighters-now-in-ukraine |title=Zelensky says first foreign fighters now in Ukraine |first=Olafimihan |last=Oshin |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=3 March 2022 |access-date=11 March 2022 |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311233107/https://thehill.com/policy/international/europe/596718-zelensky-says-first-foreign-fighters-now-in-ukraine |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 4 March ===

[[File:Lyceum 25, Zhytomyr, after an airstrike during Russian invasion (5).jpg|thumb|School in [[Zhytomyr]] after 4 March airstrike]]
At [[Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant]], a projectile hit within the plant site, causing a localised fire of a building that is not part of the reactors.<ref>{{cite news |date=3 March 2022 |title=Live updates: Russian troops shelling nuclear power station |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-live-updates-cbd6eed3e1b8f4946f5f490afd06b4be |access-date=4 March 2022 |newspaper=[[Associated Press]] |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303234454/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-live-updates-cbd6eed3e1b8f4946f5f490afd06b4be |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Fire breaks out at Ukraine's Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant amid shelling |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/fire-breaks-out-at-ukraines-zaporizhzhia-nuclear-power-plant-amid-shelling/ar-AAUAmzP |access-date=4 March 2022 |website=[[MSN]] |archive-date=4 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304103344/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/fire-breaks-out-at-ukraines-zaporizhzhia-nuclear-power-plant-amid-shelling/ar-AAUAmzP |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ukrainian officials confirm huge nuclear power plant is on fire |work=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/ukraine-russia-invasion-march3-2022-1.6371091 |access-date=3 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303155820/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/ukraine-russia-invasion-march3-2022-1.6371091 |url-status=live }}</ref> The State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine said that there were no changes to radiation levels and officials reported that the fire was extinguished after several hours. The [[transformer]] of Unit 6 had also been damaged.<ref>{{cite web |title=IAEA press release |url=https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/update-16-iaea-director-general-statement-on-situation-in-ukraine |access-date=10 March 2022 |website=IAEA |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313194617/https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/update-16-iaea-director-general-statement-on-situation-in-ukraine |url-status=live }}</ref> After a battle that killed three Ukrainian soldiers, Russian troops occupied the power plant.<ref>{{cite news |last=Boynton |first=Sean |title=Russian troops capture Europe's largest power plant in Ukraine after intense battle |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8658032/ukraine-russia-nuclear-plant-fire/ |newspaper=[[Global News]] |date=4 March 2022 |access-date=4 March 2022 |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305120527/https://globalnews.ca/news/8658032/ukraine-russia-nuclear-plant-fire/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The representative of the Russian Ministry of Defense, [[Igor Konashenkov]], announced that the attack on the power plant was an attempted provocation by a Ukrainian sabotage group.<ref>{{cite news|title=Минобороны заявило о попытке провокации Украины на Запорожской АЭС |language=ru |trans-title=The Ministry of Defense announced an attempt to provoke Ukraine at the Zaporozhye nuclear power plant |url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/04/03/2022/6221d9739a794707d97422f3 |website=[[РБК]] |date=4 March 2022}}</ref> The Secretary of the [[National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine]] [[Oleksiy Danilov]] said that the shelling of the power plant was carried out by the Russian side.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20220305/provokatsiya-1776652035.html |title=Азаров назвал цель провокации ВСУ на Запорожской АЭС |language=ru |trans-title=Azarov called the purpose of the provocation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine at the Zaporozhye NPP |website=[[РИА Новости]] |date=5 March 2022 |access-date=6 March 2022 |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305171459/https://ria.ru/20220305/provokatsiya-1776652035.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

NATO Secretary-General [[Jens Stoltenberg]] rejected Ukraine's request for imposing a no-fly zone over the country, stating that it would lead to a full-fledged war with Russia.<ref>{{cite news |title=NATO rejects no-fly zone; Ukraine slams 'greenlight for bombs' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/5/nato-rejects-no-fly-zone-ukraine-decries-greenlight-for-bombs |access-date=5 March 2022 |agency=[[Al Jazeera]] |publisher=AJ English |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305095359/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/5/nato-rejects-no-fly-zone-ukraine-decries-greenlight-for-bombs |url-status=live }}</ref> The United States stated that Russia had fired more than 500 missiles at Ukraine and the [[Russian Kyiv Convoy|Russian Kyiv convoy]] north of Kyiv was {{convert|15|miles|km}} away from the capital.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/russia-ukraine-power-plant-fire-war-news-latest-vladimir-putin-invasion/ |title=Pentagon says Russia's fired over 500 missiles in Ukraine invasion as NATO warns of "more death" |work=[[CBS News]] |date=5 March 2022 |access-date=5 March 2022 |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305095356/https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/russia-ukraine-power-plant-fire-war-news-latest-vladimir-putin-invasion/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 5 March ===

Russian armed forces announced a ceasefire for the organization of humanitarian corridors from Mariupol to allow around 200,000 civilians to evacuate the city which lacks water and electricity.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/4/russia-ukraine-moscow-blocking-access-to-facebook-liveblog |title=Moscow declares partial ceasefire in two Ukrainian cities |first1=Mersiha |last1=Gadzo |first2=Farah |last2=Najjar |website=www.aljazeera.com |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |access-date=5 March 2022 |archive-date=6 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306234139/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/4/russia-ukraine-moscow-blocking-access-to-facebook-liveblog |url-status=live }}</ref> Soon after this however, the ceasefire ended with Russia and Ukraine blaming each other for the breakdown.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ovz3hjgxC2A |title=Ukraine: Dire humanitarian situation in Mariupol after truce collapse |work=[[DW News]] |date=7 March 2022 |access-date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307073700/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ovz3hjgxC2A |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/4/russia-ukraine-moscow-blocking-access-to-facebook-liveblog |title=Latest Ukraine updates: Moscow resumes offensive on Mariupol |date=5 March 2022 |access-date=7 March 2022 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306234139/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/4/russia-ukraine-moscow-blocking-access-to-facebook-liveblog |archive-date=6 March 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Arestovych meanwhile stated that Russian troops had captured [[Bucha, Kyiv Oblast|Bucha]] and [[Hostomel]] during the day.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/06/europe/ukraine-russia-invasion-sunday-intl-hnk/index.html |title=Fears grow for safety of civilians fleeing Ukrainian cities after deadly explosion at checkpoint |first1=Tim |last1=Lister |first2=Josh |last2=Pennington |first3=Julia |last3=Hollingsworth |first4=Radina |last4=Gigova |work=[[CNN]] |date=6 March 2022 |access-date=6 March 2022 |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307184903/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/06/europe/ukraine-russia-invasion-sunday-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 6 March ===

[[File:Встреча подразделений ВС РФ и ЛНР в Новоайдаре 008.png|thumb|Russian troops in [[Novoaidar]] on 6 March.]]
The [[Havryshivka Vinnytsia International Airport]] was destroyed after being hit with Russian missile attacks during the day.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.axios.com/zelensky-no-fly-zone-vinnytsia-c0dfe259-6515-4821-aeed-66c6be5f3960.html |title=Zelensky pleas for no-fly zone as missiles destroy Vinnytsia airport |first=Ivana |last=Saric |work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]] |date=6 March 2022 |access-date=6 March 2022 |archive-date=6 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306185803/https://www.axios.com/zelensky-no-fly-zone-vinnytsia-c0dfe259-6515-4821-aeed-66c6be5f3960.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Zhytomyr Armour Plant was destroyed in a Russian airstrike as well.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/ukraine-conflict-ukroboronproms-zhytomyr-armour-plant-destroyed |title=Ukraine conflict: Ukroboronprom's Zhytomyr Armour Plant destroyed |first=Nicholas |last=Fiorenza |work=Janes Information Services |date=8 March 2022 |access-date=10 March 2022 |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310052725/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/ukraine-conflict-ukroboronproms-zhytomyr-armour-plant-destroyed |url-status=live }}</ref> A second attempt to evacuate civilians from Mariupol was meanwhile scuttled.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-invasion-second-attempt-to-evacuate-mariupol-to-begin-as-temporary-ceasefire-announced-12559009 |title=Ukraine invasion: Mariupol evacuation halted again as Russia 'regroups forces' |work=[[Sky News]] |date=6 March 2022 |access-date=6 March 2022 |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307083904/https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-invasion-second-attempt-to-evacuate-mariupol-to-begin-as-temporary-ceasefire-announced-12559009 |url-status=live }}</ref> A US defense official later stated that about 95% of the troops Russia had stationed around Ukraine before the start of the war were inside the country.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ukraine-nuclear-facility-russia-shuts-off-communications/ |title=Russia limiting communications at nuclear facility, watchdog says |work=[[CBS News]] |date=6 March 2022 |access-date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309005625/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ukraine-nuclear-facility-russia-shuts-off-communications/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 7 March ===

The Hostomel City Council announced that the city mayor Yuri Prilipko had been killed by Russian forces.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nv.ua/ukraine/events/napadenie-rossii-na-ukrainu-okkupanty-ubili-mera-gostomelya-yuriya-prilipko-novosti-ukrainy-50222857.html |title=Во время раздачи хлеба и лекарств. Российские оккупанты расстреляли мэра Гостомеля |trans-title=During the distribution of bread and medicines. Russian invaders shot the mayor of Gostomel |work=Novy Chas |date=7 March 2022 |access-date=7 March 2022 |language=Russian |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307190545/https://nv.ua/ukraine/events/napadenie-rossii-na-ukrainu-okkupanty-ubili-mera-gostomelya-yuriya-prilipko-novosti-ukrainy-50222857.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Oleksandr Markushin, the mayor of Irpin, was meanwhile reported to have been captured.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2022/03/7/7329025/ |title=Російські військові вбили голову Гостомеля і поранили мера Бучі |trans-title=The Russian military killed the head of Gostomel and wounded the mayor of Bucha |first=Olena |last=Roshchina |work=[[Ukrayinska Pravda]] |date=7 March 2022 |access-date=11 March 2022 |language=Ukrainian |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307143823/https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2022/03/7/7329025/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Ukrainian armed forces stated that Russian forces had captured [[Vasylivka]], [[Tokmak, Ukraine|Tokmak]] and [[Polohy]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://bnn-news.com/ukraine-after-11th-night-of-war-mayor-killed-towns-taken-moscow-promises-civilian-corridors-to-russia-233013 |title=Ukraine after 11th night of war: Mayor killed, towns taken, Moscow promises civilian corridors to Russia |work=Baltic News Network |date=7 March 2022 |access-date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307105415/https://bnn-news.com/ukraine-after-11th-night-of-war-mayor-killed-towns-taken-moscow-promises-civilian-corridors-to-russia-233013 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Vitaliy Kim]], the governor of Mykolaiv Oblast, said that Ukrainian forces had reclaimed the [[Mykolaiv International Airport]].<ref>{{cite news |date=7 March 2022 |title=Ukrainian forces have retaken Mykolayiv regional airport, says governor |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/ukrainian-forces-have-retaken-mykolayiv-regional-airport-says-governor-2022-03-07/ |access-date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310014744/https://www.reuters.com/world/ukrainian-forces-have-retaken-mykolayiv-regional-airport-says-governor-2022-03-07/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Ukrainian armed forces meanwhile claimed to have retaken [[Chuhuiv]] in a counter-attack overnight, in addition to killing two Russian commanders.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newsweek.com/ukraine-russia-recapture-chuhuiv-kharkiv-region-armed-forces-claim-facebook-1685356 |title=Ukraine Recaptures City of Chuhuiv, Kills Top Russian Commanders: Officials |work=[[Newsweek]] |date=7 March 2022 |access-date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309101852/https://www.newsweek.com/ukraine-russia-recapture-chuhuiv-kharkiv-region-armed-forces-claim-facebook-1685356 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Ukrainian Air Force]] also bombed the military airbase at the Russian-occupied [[Kherson International Airport]].<ref name="KhersonRussian"/>

The Russian Defense Ministry stated that it would open six humanitarian corridors. The Ukrainian government criticised the announcement since only two of them led to other Ukrainian territories, while the others led to Russia or Belarus.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/07/russia-humanitarian-corridors-ukraine-war-mariupol-kyiv |title=Ukraine decries 'immoral' Kremlin offer of civilian corridors to Russia or Belarus |first1=Jon |last1=Henley |first2=Peter |last2=Beaumont |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=7 March 2022 |access-date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309012307/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/07/russia-humanitarian-corridors-ukraine-war-mariupol-kyiv |url-status=live }}</ref>

A US defense official stated that Russia had deployed nearly 100% of the forces it had amassed around Ukraine before the invasion and fired more than 625 missiles.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putin-has-deployed-nearly-100-pct-pre-staged-forces-into-ukraine-us-official-2022-03-07/ |title=Putin has deployed nearly 100% of pre-staged forces into Ukraine- U.S. official |work=[[Reuters]] |date=7 March 2022 |access-date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308212455/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putin-has-deployed-nearly-100-pct-pre-staged-forces-into-ukraine-us-official-2022-03-07/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Ukrainian Ministry of Defence stated during the day that it had killed Russian [[Major General]] [[Vitaly Gerasimov]] near Kharkiv.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-russia-fighting-general-killed-b2030661.html |title=Ukraine claims it has killed another Russian general during fighting in Kharkiv |first=Graeme |last=Massie |work=[[The Independent]] |date=7 March 2022 |access-date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308100912/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-russia-fighting-general-killed-b2030661.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Two Russian missiles meanwhile hit oil depots in [[Zhytomyr]] and [[Cherniakhiv, Zhytomyr Oblast|Cherniakhiv]] at night, setting them ablaze.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.skynews.com.au/world-news/two-oil-depots-burst-into-flames-following-russian-airstrike-in-ukraine-as-putin-sends-in-nearly-100-per-cent-of-invading-troops/news-story/01fbe920dc8d5b80dea5af8c4b3ebb99 |title=Two oil depots burst into flames following Russian airstrike in Ukraine, as Putin sends in nearly 100 per cent of invading troops |work=[[Sky News Australia]] |date=8 March 2022 |access-date=8 March 2022 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308023545/https://www.skynews.com.au/world-news/two-oil-depots-burst-into-flames-following-russian-airstrike-in-ukraine-as-putin-sends-in-nearly-100-per-cent-of-invading-troops/news-story/01fbe920dc8d5b80dea5af8c4b3ebb99 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 8 March ===

Another attempt to evacuate civilians from Mariupol was prevented, with the Ukrainian government accusing Russian forces of targeting the evacuation corridor.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/ukraine-accuses-russia-of-attacking-humanitarian-corridors-as-civilians-flee-cities/ |title=Ukraine accuses Russia of attacking humanitarian corridors as civilians flee cities |last1=Zaks |first1=Dmitry |last2=Clark |first2=Dave |work=[[Agence France-Presse]] |publisher=[[The Times of Israel]] |date=8 March 2022 |access-date=8 March 2022 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308213843/https://www.timesofisrael.com/ukraine-accuses-russia-of-attacking-humanitarian-corridors-as-civilians-flee-cities/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Civilians were however able to evacuate from Sumy, the first such evacuation as part of an agreement between Ukraine and Russia on humanitarian corridors.<ref>{{cite news |title=Two children among at least 21 killed in Sumy airstrikes, officials say |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/08/two-children-among-killed-in-sumy-airstrikes-officials-say |first=Sam |last=Jones |access-date=8 March 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=8 March 2022 |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309020748/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/08/two-children-among-killed-in-sumy-airstrikes-officials-say |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 9 March ===

{{see also|Battle of Brovary}}
Poland offered to transfer all its 23 [[Mikoyan MiG-29|MiG-29]] fighter jets to the United States for free and deliver them to [[Ramstein Air Base]] in Germany, with the United States then delivering them to Ukraine. The US rejected the proposition, the Pentagon pronouncing Poland's proposal "not tenable".<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine war: US says Poland's offer of MIG-29 fighter jets to be passed to Ukraine 'not tenable' |url=https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-war-us-says-polands-offer-of-mig-29-fighter-jets-to-be-passed-to-ukraine-not-tenable-12561341 |first=Alexa |last=Phillips |access-date=9 March 2022 |website=[[Sky News]] |date=9 March 2022 |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309134057/https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-war-us-says-polands-offer-of-mig-29-fighter-jets-to-be-passed-to-ukraine-not-tenable-12561341 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Fisher |first1=Lucy |last2=Allen |first2=Nick |last3=Day |first3=Matthew |date=8 March 2022 |title=Poland offers fighter jets to help Ukraine repel Russians |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/03/08/poland-offers-fighter-jets-help-ukraine-repel-russians/ |access-date=9 March 2022 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309210229/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/03/08/poland-offers-fighter-jets-help-ukraine-repel-russians/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=US dismisses Polish plan to provide fighter jets to be sent to Ukraine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/08/poland-mig-29-jets-us-ukraine |date=9 March 2022 |access-date=9 March 2022 |first1=Julian |last1=Borger |first2=Patrick |last2=Wintour |work=[[The Guardian]] |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314012523/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/08/poland-mig-29-jets-us-ukraine |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Davyd Arakhamia]], a Ukrainian negotiator in talks with Russia, stated that more than 40,000 civilians were evacuated from various cities during the day.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-evacuated-40000-one-day-problems-with-mariupol-kyiv-kharkiv-areas-2022-03-09/ |title=Ukraine evacuated 40,000 in one day but problems with Mariupol, Kyiv and Kharkiv areas -official |work=[[Reuters]] |date=9 March 2022 |access-date=10 March 2022 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313053356/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-evacuated-40000-one-day-problems-with-mariupol-kyiv-kharkiv-areas-2022-03-09/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 10 March ===

[[File:Видео уничтожения двух боевых машин пехоты ВСУ высокоточным комплексом.ogv|thumb|Russian [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAV]] strikes two Ukrainian [[infantry fighting vehicle]]s, March 2022]]
[[File:Russian military vehicles marked with the V symbol bombed by Ukrainian troops.jpg|thumb|Russian military vehicles bombed by Ukrainian forces in the Kyiv region, March 2022]]
[[Turkey]] hosted a tri-lateral meeting between foreign ministers in [[Antalya]]. [[Dmytro Kuleba]], Ukrainian Foreign minister described his meeting with Lavrov as difficult, as they yielded no result.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/10/top-russia-ukraine-diplomats-arrive-in-turkey-for-talks |title='No progress' as top Russia, Ukraine diplomats talk in Turkey |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=10 March 2022 |access-date=11 March 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314003607/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/10/top-russia-ukraine-diplomats-arrive-in-turkey-for-talks |url-status=live }}</ref> The Russian Defense Ministry meanwhile stated that Russian forces would open humanitarian corridors everyday to Russia from 10:00.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/russia-ukraine-war-moscow-to-open-daily-humanitarian-corridors-from-ukraine-to-russia-2816273 |title=Moscow To Open Daily Humanitarian Corridors From Ukraine To Russia |work=[[Agence France-Presse]] |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=10 March 2022 |access-date=11 March 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314145306/https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/russia-ukraine-war-moscow-to-open-daily-humanitarian-corridors-from-ukraine-to-russia-2816273 |url-status=live }}</ref>

A senior US Defense Department official claimed that in the west of Kyiv, Russian military had advanced by about {{convert|5|km|mi}} closer to central Kyiv, in the vicinity of [[Hostomel Airport]]. The column advancing from the east was meanwhile 40 kilometres away from Kyiv. Furthermore, he claimed that [[Chernihiv]] was now "isolated".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-putin-news-03-10-22/h_a7f9e315b74913cd4d58f91015f3eba0 |title=Russian forces have moved about 3 miles closer to Kyiv and Chernihiv is now "isolated," US defense official says |first=Ellie |last=Kaufman |work=[[CNN]] |date=10 March 2022 |access-date=11 March 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314145258/https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-putin-news-03-10-22/h_a7f9e315b74913cd4d58f91015f3eba0 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/russian-forces-make-limited-advances-toward-kyiv-pentagon-says |title=Russian forces make limited advances toward Kyiv, Pentagon says |first=Mike |last=Brest |work=[[The Washington Examiner]] |date=10 March 2022 |access-date=11 March 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314154411/https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/russian-forces-make-limited-advances-toward-kyiv-pentagon-says |url-status=live }}</ref> Ukrainian forces meanwhile ambushed a Russian column in [[Brovary Raion]] and forced it to retreat after destroying several tanks and killing a tank commander.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/810680.html |title=Ukrainian military defeat tank regiment of Russian troops, eliminate commander Zakharov in Brovarsky district - Defense Intelligence |work=[[Interfax Kyiv]] |date=10 March 2022 |access-date=10 March 2022 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313065610/https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/810680.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine war: Drone footage shows Russian tank column retreat after artillery ambush |url=https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-war-drone-footage-shows-russian-tank-column-retreat-after-artillery-ambush-12562334 |access-date=11 March 2022 |website=[[Sky News]] |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314145247/https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-war-drone-footage-shows-russian-tank-column-retreat-after-artillery-ambush-12562334 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Parts of the Russian convoy approaching Kyiv from the north had meanwhile largely dispersed and redeployed according to [[Maxar Technologies]]. UK's Ministry of Defence stated that Russia was likely regrouping for an attack on Kyiv.<ref>{{cite web |title=The 40-mile-long Russian convoy near Kyiv has moved. Here's what it means for the Ukrainian capital |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/11/europe/kyiv-russian-convoy-intl/index.html |first1=Tim |last1=Lister |first2=Paul P. |last2=Murphy |first3=Gianluca |last3=Mezzofiore |first4=Celine |last4=Alkhaldi |date=11 March 2022 |access-date=11 March 2022 |work=[[CNN]] |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314015756/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/11/europe/kyiv-russian-convoy-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On this day, a Russian drone [[2022 Zagreb Tu-141 crash|crashed]] in [[Zagreb]], the capital city of [[Croatia]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Plenković o padu drona u Zagrebu: Lansiran je iz Ukrajine, ali ne znamo čiji je. Ovakvu situaciju ne možemo tolerirati. Ovo je bila prijetnja na koju treba reagirati|url=https://www.tportal.hr/vijesti/clanak/uzivo-plenkovic-o-padu-drona-u-zagrebu-lansiran-je-iz-ukrajine-ali-ne-znamo-ciji-je-foto-20220312|access-date=2022-03-12|website=[[Večernji list]]|language=hr|archive-date=12 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312225859/https://www.tportal.hr/vijesti/clanak/uzivo-plenkovic-o-padu-drona-u-zagrebu-lansiran-je-iz-ukrajine-ali-ne-znamo-ciji-je-foto-20220312|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 11 March ===

Russian forces expanded their offensive to [[Western Ukraine]], targeting [[Ivano-Frankivsk]] and [[Lutsk]]. Four Ukrainian soldiers were killed and another six wounded during rocket attacks on [[Lutsk Air Base]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Russian strikes hit western Ukraine as offensive widens |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/europe/russian-strikes-hit-western-ukraine-as-offensive-widens/articleshow/90151904.cms |work=Associated Press |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |date=11 March 2022 |access-date=11 March 2022 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313045650/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/europe/russian-strikes-hit-western-ukraine-as-offensive-widens/articleshow/90151904.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="FMT">{{cite news |title=2 Ukraine soldiers killed, 6 hurt at Lutsk airbase |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/world/2022/03/11/2-ukraine-soldiers-killed-6-hurt-at-lutsk-airbase/ |work=[[Agence France-Presse]] |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=11 March 2022 |access-date=11 March 2022 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313041035/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/world/2022/03/11/2-ukraine-soldiers-killed-6-hurt-at-lutsk-airbase/ |url-status=live }}</ref> while two boiler plants were shut down<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia widens attacks into western Ukraine as Putin allows Syrian fighters to join |url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2022/03/11/ukraine-western-cities-russia-attacks/2851646999325/ |first1=Clyde |last1=Hughes |first2=Danielle |last2=Haynes |work=United Press International |date=11 March 2022 |access-date=11 March 2022 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313173302/https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2022/03/11/ukraine-western-cities-russia-attacks/2851646999325/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the air base was destroyed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/12/russia-ukraine-live-updates.html |title=Ukrainian military airfield southwest of Kyiv completely destroyed by Russian strike, mayor says |publisher=[[CNBC]] |access-date=11 March 2022 |date=12 March 2022 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313112309/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/12/russia-ukraine-live-updates.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Missiles also hit [[Dnipro]], killing one civilian, while the Russian Defense Ministry claimed to have disabled the military airbase at [[Ivano-Frankivsk International Airport]].<ref name="FMT"/>

According to Ukrainian officials, the mayor of Melitopol, Ivan Fedorov, was abducted by Russian soldiers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Russian General Is Killed in Ukraine as Airstrikes Intensify |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/russian-airstrikes-intensify-in-western-ukraine-11646994808 |date=11 March 2022 |access-date=11 March 2022 |first1=Alan |last1=Cullison |first2=Alexander |last2=Osipovich |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311175725/https://www.wsj.com/articles/russian-airstrikes-intensify-in-western-ukraine-11646994808 |url-status=live }}</ref> Elsewhere, a top Russian commander, Maj. Gen. [[Andrei Kolesnikov (general)|Andrei Kolesnikov]], was reported by Ukrainian officials to have been killed in action. Western officials believe that around 20 Russian major generals were taking a personal part in the invasion to motivate demoralized Russian troops.<ref>{{cite news |title=Third Russian general killed in Ukraine 'in sign of weakness among Putin's forces' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-russian-general-dead-putin-b2034205.html |first=Sam |last=Hancock |access-date=11 March 2022 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=11 March 2022 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313181344/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-russian-general-dead-putin-b2034205.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Fighting intensified during the day to the northeast and east of Kyiv.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia widens attack on Ukraine's cities, striking western airfields and Dnipro |url=https://www.wktv.com/news/russia-widens-attack-on-ukraines-cities-striking-western-airfields-and-dnipro/article_5af1f027-46f2-5e87-9389-143e3abd76e5.html |access-date=11 March 2022 |first1=Tim |last1=Lister |first2=Gianluca |last2=Mezzofiore |first3=Paul |last3=Murphy |first4=Laura |last4=Smith-Spark |first5=Rob |last5=Picheta |work=[[CNN]] |publisher=WKTV |date=11 March 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314154356/https://www.wktv.com/news/russia-widens-attack-on-ukraines-cities-striking-western-airfields-and-dnipro/article_5af1f027-46f2-5e87-9389-143e3abd76e5.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Ukrainian Air Force]] later claimed that Russia had conducted a [[false flag]] operation to make the Armed Forces of Belarus enter the war, by using its jets to fire at the village of Kopani near Belarus' [[Belarus–Ukraine border|border with Ukraine]] from Ukrainian airspace.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 March 2022 |title=Ukraine says Russia wants to drag Belarus into war, warns of invasion plan |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-belarus-attacks-idAFKCN2L81M3 |access-date=12 March 2022 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313125725/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-belarus-attacks-idAFKCN2L81M3 |url-status=live }}</ref> It also claimed that two other Belarusian settlements were attacked as well. The [[Ministry of Defence (Belarus)|Belarusian Ministry of Defence]] however stated that no such attack had occurred.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 March 2022 |title=Ukraine Accuses Moscow Of 'False Flag' Operation To Lure Belarus Into War |work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-belarus-false-flag-operation-russia/31748531.html |access-date=12 March 2022 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313194904/https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-belarus-false-flag-operation-russia/31748531.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

President Putin approved the deployment of up to 16,000 volunteers from the Middle East to Ukraine during the day, with the Wagner Group already reported to have recruited more than 4,000 Syrians.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 March 2022 |title=US Sees No Evidence of Syrian, African Mercenaries in Ukraine |first=Jeff |last=Seldin |work=[[Voice of America]] |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/us-sees-no-evidence-of-syrian-african-mercenaries-in-ukraine/6481309.html |access-date=11 March 2022 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313075204/https://www.voanews.com/a/us-sees-no-evidence-of-syrian-african-mercenaries-in-ukraine/6481309.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Fighters from the [[Central African Republic]] also claimed to be preparing to fight for Russia in Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ball |first=Tom |title=African fighters prepare to join Russian troops |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/african-fighters-prepare-to-join-russian-troops-in-ukraine-jmhqlxrtv |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=[[The Times]] |date=11 March 2022 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313042538/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/african-fighters-prepare-to-join-russian-troops-in-ukraine-jmhqlxrtv |url-status=live }}</ref>

A Russian tank also allegedly shelled a care home in [[Kreminna]], killing 56 residents.<ref>{{cite web|title=Enemy shells nursing home in Kreminna, killing 56|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3434931-enemy-shells-nursing-home-in-kreminna-killing-56.html|publisher=Ukrinform|date=March 20, 2022|accessdate=March 20, 2022}}</ref>

=== 12 March ===

Heavy fighting occurred to the north of Kyiv and around other besieged cities during the day, while Ukrainian officials stated that the clashes and Russian airstrikes were threatening civilian evacuations. Russian forces destroyed the [[Vasylkiv Air Base]], while the Russian Defense Ministry also claimed they had destroyed the main center of radio and electronic intelligence of Ukrainian forces in [[Brovary]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/fighting-rages-outside-kyiv-ukraine-says-it-hopes-humanitarian-corridors-can-2022-03-12/ |title=Fighting rages outside Kyiv, Ukraine says evacuations threatened again |first1=Pavel |last1=Polityuk |first2=Natalia |last2=Zinets |work=[[Reuters]] |date=12 March 2022 |access-date=12 March 2022 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313044758/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/fighting-rages-outside-kyiv-ukraine-says-it-hopes-humanitarian-corridors-can-2022-03-12/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/811960.html |title=Airport completely destroyed due to missile attacks by invader in Vasylkiv, Kyiv region – mayor |work=[[Interfax-Ukraine]] |date=12 March 2022 |access-date=12 March 2022 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313000002/https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/811960.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/international/russia-disables-ukraine-military-s-main-radio-intelligence-facility-122031200444_1.html |title=Russia disables Ukraine military's main radio intelligence facility |work=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] |publisher=[[Business Standard]] |date=12 March 2022 |access-date=12 March 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314032050/https://www.business-standard.com/article/international/russia-disables-ukraine-military-s-main-radio-intelligence-facility-122031200444_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Kuleba during the day accused the Russian government of planning to stage a referendum in Kherson to create a "Kherson People's Republic", which would be run by a government sympathetic to Russia.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/ukraine-says-russia-plotting-to-create-a-pro-moscow-peoples-republic-in-kherson/ |title=Ukraine says Russia plotting to create a pro-Moscow 'people's republic' in Kherson |work=[[Agence France-Presse]] |publisher=[[The Times of Israel]] |date=12 March 2022 |access-date=12 March 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314044647/https://www.timesofisrael.com/ukraine-says-russia-plotting-to-create-a-pro-moscow-peoples-republic-in-kherson/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The forces of the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] (DPR) meanwhile captured [[Volnovakha]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.euronews.com/2022/03/12/heavy-fighting-leaves-much-of-volnovakha-in-ruins|title=Heavy fighting leaves much of Volnovakha in ruins|work=Associated Press|publisher=Euronews|date=March 12, 2022|access-date=March 13, 2022|archive-date=13 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313173034/https://www.euronews.com/2022/03/12/heavy-fighting-leaves-much-of-volnovakha-in-ruins|url-status=live}}</ref>

The General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces stated that Russia's advance had slowed down and had been stopped at many places. Ukraine's Deputy Prime Minister [[Iryna Vereshchuk]] meanwhile said that around 13,000 civilians were evacuated during the day.<ref name="Yavoriv"/>

Ukrainian officials accused Russia of using [[White phosphorus munitions|phosphorus bombs]] while attacking [[Popasna]] late on 12 March. The [[Sviatohirsk Lavra]] monastery was meanwhile damaged in Russian bombing around 22:00.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/03/13/moscow-accused-of-phosporous-gas-attacks-in-donbas-a76899|title=Strike in Donbas Wounds 30, Russia Accused of Chemical Attacks|work=Agence France-Presse|publisher=The Moscow Times|date=13 March 2022|accessdate=14 March 2022|archive-date=13 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313165128/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/03/13/moscow-accused-of-phosporous-gas-attacks-in-donbas-a76899|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-putin-news-03-13-22/h_e1905e260badeb635420976a05d72825|title=Russian airstrike damages historic Ukrainian monastery|author1=Alex Stambaugh|author2=Lizzy Yee|work=CNN|date=13 March 2022|accessdate=13 March 2022|archive-date=13 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313104709/https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-putin-news-03-13-22/h_e1905e260badeb635420976a05d72825|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news.com.au/world/europe/russia-ukraine-updates-live-putin-broadening-targets-after-air-strike-near-poland/news-story/cb87c004ae0fbe3b45efeae50c485db9|title=Russia Ukraine updates live: Russia accused of using 'filthy' chemical weapons|author1=Sam Clench|author2=Rohan Smith|work=Agence France-Presse; News.com.au|publisher=News.com.au|date=13 March 2022|accessdate=14 March 2022|archive-date=13 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313210022/https://www.news.com.au/world/europe/russia-ukraine-updates-live-putin-broadening-targets-after-air-strike-near-poland/news-story/cb87c004ae0fbe3b45efeae50c485db9|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 13 March ===

{{see also|Yavoriv military base attack}}
Russian forces bombed the [[Yavoriv military base|Yavoriv International Center for Peacekeeping and Security]], a military base used by the Ukrainian military to hold most of their drills with NATO countries, with more than 30 missiles according to [[Lviv Oblast]]'s governor [[Maksym Kozytskyy]]. He later stated that 35 people had been killed and 134 were wounded, while the Russian Defense Ministry claimed that up to 180 non-Ukrainian mercenaries were killed and many weapons supplied by other nations to Ukraine were destroyed. This was the westernmost strike carried out by Russia since the war began.<ref name="Yavoriv">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraines-zelenskiy-warns-desolation-if-russia-tries-take-kyiv-2022-03-13/|title=Russian strike on base brings Ukraine war close to NATO's border|author1=Pavel Polityuk|author2=Natalia Zinets|work=Reuters|date=13 March 2022|access-date=13 March 2022|archive-date=13 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313222616/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraines-zelenskiy-warns-desolation-if-russia-tries-take-kyiv-2022-03-13/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/13/russia-widens-attacks-on-ukraine-with-missile-strike-on-base-close-to-polish-border|title=Russia missile strike on Ukraine base close to Polish border kills 35, governor says|author1=Luke Harding|author2=Peter Beaumont|author3=Lorenzo Tondo|work=Reuters|date=13 March 2022|access-date=13 March 2022|archive-date=14 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314044702/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/13/russia-widens-attacks-on-ukraine-with-missile-strike-on-base-close-to-polish-border|url-status=live}}</ref> It also claimed that another Ukrainian military facility in Starichi was hit, while the mayor of Ivano-Frankivsk stated that the city's airport was hit again.<ref name="Yavoriv"/>

Heavy fighting was reported on multiple fronts during the day.<ref name="Yavoriv"/> Ukraine claimed that it was counter-attacking in Kharkiv Oblast and around Mykolaiv, while UK's Ministry of Defense stated that Russian forces were trying to isolate Ukrainian forces in Eastern Ukraine and the [[Russian Navy]] had effectively established a blockade around Ukraine's Black Sea coastline, stopping its international maritime trade.<ref name="Yavoriv"/>

President Zelenskyy stated that nearly 125,000 civilians had been evacuated under the humanitarian corridor agreement, while Russian and Ukrainian negotiators reported progress in peace talks.<ref name="Yavoriv"/> An American journalist, [[Brent Renaud]], was shot dead in Irpin as a result of fire opened by Russian forces, according to the Kyiv police department.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/american-journalist-brent-renaud-shot-dead-near-kyiv-lg5fq6rl9 |title=American journalist Brent Renaud shot dead near Kyiv |author=Keiran Southern |work=[[The Times]] |date=13 March 2022 |access-date=13 March 2022 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313224730/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/american-journalist-brent-renaud-shot-dead-near-kyiv-lg5fq6rl9 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On this day, an unarmed Russian [[Orlan-10]] reconnaissance drone crashed in the [[Romania]]n village of [[Dumitra|Tărpiu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=O dronă s-a prăbușit în apropiere de locuința unui bărbat din Bistrița. Parchet: "Nu a fost stabilită proveniența aeronavei" |url=https://www.libertatea.ro/stiri/ancheta-a-politiei-dupa-ce-o-drona-a-cazut-intr-o-curte-in-bistrita-nasaud-4031087 |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=Libertatea.ro |archive-date=15 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315125614/https://www.libertatea.ro/stiri/ancheta-a-politiei-dupa-ce-o-drona-a-cazut-intr-o-curte-in-bistrita-nasaud-4031087 |url-status=live|lang=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Russian-made Orlan-10 drone crashes in Romania |url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/30476-russian-made-orlan-10-drone-crashes-in-romania |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=aerotime.aero |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314180309/https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/30476-russian-made-orlan-10-drone-crashes-in-romania |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=An unmanned aerial vehicle, most likely of Russian origin, was found in the Romanian municipality of Dumitra, just over 100 kilometers south of the Ukrainian border. |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3429510-reports-of-russian-drone-landing-in-romania-media.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=Ukrinform |archive-date=15 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315162251/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3429510-reports-of-russian-drone-landing-in-romania-media.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 14 March ===

[[Denis Pushilin]], head of the DPR, said they had downed a Ukrainian [[OTR-21 Tochka|Tochka-U]] missile over the city of Donetsk in the morning, but the city centre was struck by the missile's fragments. The Russian Defense Ministry stated that 23 civilians were killed. The Ukrainian military however claimed that Russian forces were behind the attack.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Russia says 23 dead in missile attack on Donetsk |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/14/ukraine-missile-debris-kill-16-in-donetsk-separatists |date=14 March 2022 |access-date=14 March 2022 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314131029/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/14/ukraine-missile-debris-kill-16-in-donetsk-separatists |url-status=live }}</ref> In retaliation, the Russian Defence Ministry promised to take steps to destroy Ukraine's defence industry outfits.<ref>{{Cite news |title=ВС РФ примут ответные меры по выводу из строя предприятий ОПК Украины из-за удара «Точкой-У» по Донецку |url=https://tvzvezda.ru/news/20223141930-UJr6e.html |date=14 March 2022 |work=[[Zvezda (TV channel)|Zvezda]] |access-date=15 March 2022 |archive-date=15 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315004444/https://tvzvezda.ru/news/20223141930-UJr6e.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It also said that Russia knew the locations of all "foreign mercenaries in Ukraine" and the Russian forces would continue to strike them with precision.<ref>{{Cite news |title=«Никакой пощады не будет»: в МО РФ предупредили о точечных ударах по наемникам на Украине |url=https://tvzvezda.ru/news/20223141929-Ec65p.html |date=14 March 2022 |work=[[Zvezda (TV channel)|Zvezda]] |access-date=15 March 2022 |archive-date=15 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315004449/https://tvzvezda.ru/news/20223141929-Ec65p.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

A Russian missile strike hit a transmission tower in the village of Antopi in [[Rivne Oblast]] according to the oblast governor [[Vitaliy Koval]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=At least nine dead after strike on TV tower |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-60717902 |date=14 March 2022 |access-date=15 March 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314231410/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-60717902 |url-status=live }}</ref> Rivne Regional Military Administration chief Vitaliy Kova later stated that 21 civilians were killed and nine were wounded.<ref>{{Cite web |title=19 Search and rescue operations on TV tower in Rivne region completed, death toll rises to 21 – authorities |work=Interfax-Ukraine |url=https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/814176.html |date=16 March 2022 |access-date=16 March 2022 |language=uk |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316195313/https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/814176.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Dnipro Oblast]] governor Valentin Reznichenko stated that Russian bombardment on the [[Dnipro International Airport]] at night destroyed its runway and damaged the terminal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deadly blasts rattle Kyiv, talks with Russia to resume |work=Agence France-Presse |publisher=France 24 |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220315-deadly-blasts-rattle-kyiv-talks-with-russia-to-resume |date=15 March 2022 |access-date=15 March 2022 |archive-date=15 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315114704/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220315-deadly-blasts-rattle-kyiv-talks-with-russia-to-resume |url-status=live }}</ref> Civilians were able to evacuate Mariupol for the first time during the day.<ref>{{Cite news |title=First convoy of civilians escapes besieged Mariupol |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/14/ukraine-russia-war-mariupol-evacuation-convoy |date=14 March 2022 |access-date=14 March 2022 |work=Al Jazeera |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314183056/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/14/ukraine-russia-war-mariupol-evacuation-convoy |url-status=live }}</ref>

A senior US Department of Defence official meanwhile stated that Russia's advance had been stalled on almost all fronts, but it did not seem that it would stop its attacks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russia's offensive 'stalled' in Ukraine but Moscow not backing down: Pentagon |work=The National |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/us-news/2022/03/14/russias-offensive-stalled-in-ukraine-but-moscow-not-backing-down-pentagon/ |author=Joyce Karam |date=14 March 2022 |access-date=14 March 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314205802/https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/us-news/2022/03/14/russias-offensive-stalled-in-ukraine-but-moscow-not-backing-down-pentagon/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights]] also reported that over 40,000 Syrians had registered to fight for Russia in Ukraine. It added that recruitment notices had been sent out to [[Hossam al-Katerji|Al-Katerji]] militia, which had acted as an intermediary between the Syrian government and the [[Islamic State]] group in the past.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Over 40,000 Syrians reportedly register to fight for Russia in Ukraine |author=Haley Ott |work=CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russia-ukraine-war-syrians-reportedly-register-foreign-fighters/ |date=14 March 2022 |access-date=15 March 2022 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314232327/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russia-ukraine-war-syrians-reportedly-register-foreign-fighters/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 15 March ===

The Russian Defense Ministry claimed on 15 March that Russian forces had taken complete control of the [[Kherson Oblast]] and had shot down six [[Bayraktar TB2]] drones in the past 24 hours.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russian forces take control of Ukraine's Kherson region: Agencies |work=Reuters |via=Al Arabiya |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2022/03/15/Russian-forces-take-control-of-Ukraine-s-Kherson-region-Agencies |date=15 March 2022 |access-date=15 March 2022 |archive-date=15 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315082100/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2022/03/15/Russian-forces-take-control-of-Ukraine-s-Kherson-region-Agencies |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Landing ships]] of the Russian Navy were meanwhile approaching the coast of Odessa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russian Navy Landing Ships Seen Approaching Ukrainian Coast Near Odessa |author=H.I. Sutton |work=Naval News |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/03/russian-navy-landing-ships-seen-approaching-ukrainian-coast-near-odessa/ |date=15 March 2022 |access-date=16 March 2022 |archive-date=15 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315235229/https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/03/russian-navy-landing-ships-seen-approaching-ukrainian-coast-near-odessa/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Heraschenko later claimed that Russian Maj. Gen. [[Oleg Mityaev (general)|Oleg Mityaev]] was killed in Mariupol.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 March 2022 |title=Fourth Russian general killed in fighting, Ukraine says |work=Associated Press |via=The Washington Times |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2022/mar/15/oleg-mityaev-russian-general-killed-ukrainian-troo/ |access-date=16 March 2022 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316030526/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2022/mar/15/oleg-mityaev-russian-general-killed-ukrainian-troo/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Ukrainian Air Force]] meanwhile [[Kherson airport airstrike|struck the military airbase]] at [[Kherson International Airport]] again, destroying multiple Russian helicopters.<ref name="KhersonRussian">{{cite news |title=Ukraine Strikes Back: Barrage Leaves Russian-Occupied Kherson Airbase In Flames |work=The Drive |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/44780/ukraine-strikes-back-barrage-leaves-russian-occupied-kherson-airbase-in-flames |author1=Joseph Trevithick |author2=Tyler Rogoway |date=15 March 2022 |access-date=16 March 2022 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316012448/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/44780/ukraine-strikes-back-barrage-leaves-russian-occupied-kherson-airbase-in-flames |url-status=live }}</ref>

On the same day, President Zelenskyy stated that Ukraine will not join [[NATO]] any time soon, and "it's a truth and it must be recognized".<ref>{{cite web |author=[[The Independent]] |date=15 March 2022 |title=Volodymyr Zelensky says he accepts there is 'not an open door' to Ukraine joining Nato |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/zelensky-ukraine-conflict-nato-b2036280.html?amp |access-date=15 March 2022 |website=[[The Independent]] |archive-date=15 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315151935/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/zelensky-ukraine-conflict-nato-b2036280.html?amp |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=[[The Times of Israel]] |date=15 March 2022 |title=Zelensky says Ukraine is not joining NATO |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/zelensky-says-ukraine-is-not-joining-nato/ |access-date=15 March 2022 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |archive-date=15 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315145336/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/zelensky-says-ukraine-is-not-joining-nato/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Prime Minister of the Czech Republic]] [[Petr Fiala]], [[Prime Minister of Slovenia]] [[Janez Janša]], [[Prime Minister of Poland]] [[Mateusz Morawiecki]], and [[Deputy Prime Minister of Poland]] [[Jarosław Kaczyński]] later visited Kyiv and met with Zelenskyy to show support for Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Vanessa Gera |author2=Raf Casert |date=15 March 2022 |title=3 EU prime ministers visit Kyiv as Russian attacks intensify |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-kyiv-janez-jansa-jaroslaw-kaczynski-europe-95780a078715eb271edec313bfc683e7 |access-date=16 March 2022 |work=[[Associated Press]] |archive-date=15 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315235436/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-kyiv-janez-jansa-jaroslaw-kaczynski-europe-95780a078715eb271edec313bfc683e7 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 16 March ===

{{See also|Chernihiv breadline massacre|Kherson airport airstrike|Mariupol theatre airstrike}}

The [[Embassy of the United States, Kyiv|U.S. Embassy in Kyiv]] claimed that Russian forces had shot and killed 10 people queuing up for bread in Chernihiv, though it provided no evidence. Videos were later posted by others on social media showing the purported aftermath.<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. embassy says Russian troops "shot and killed 10 people standing in line for bread" in northeast Ukraine |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russia-troops-ukraine-kill-10-cherihiv-bread-line-us-embassy-says/ |author=Tucker Reals |work=CBS News |date=16 March 2022 |accessdate=16 March 2022 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316134358/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russia-troops-ukraine-kill-10-cherihiv-bread-line-us-embassy-says/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Ukraine later announced its forces had begun a counter-offensive to repel Russian forces approaching [[Kyiv]], with fighting in [[Bucha, Kyiv Oblast|Bucha]], [[Hostomel]], and [[Irpin]]. Additionally, Ukrainian forces also started an offensive near [[Mykolaiv]] towards [[Kherson]].<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Alan Cullison |author2=Isabel Coles |author3=Yaroslav Trofimov |date=16 March 2022 |title=Ukraine Mounts Counteroffensive to Drive Russians Back From Kyiv, Key Cities |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/ukraine-mounts-counteroffensive-to-drive-russians-back-from-kyiv-key-cities-11647428858 |access-date=16 March 2022 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316111106/https://www.wsj.com/articles/ukraine-mounts-counteroffensive-to-drive-russians-back-from-kyiv-key-cities-11647428858 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Lavrov and Zelenskyy meanwhile stated that talks were progressing, with Lavrov stating that neutrality of Ukraine was now being discussed. [[Dmitry Peskov]], spokesman for President Putin, stated that they were looking at a demilitarization model along the lines of Austria and Sweden, which have their own armies, but Zelenskyy's office rejected this shortly afterwards.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/16/russia-says-parts-of-a-ukraine-compromise-deal-are-close|title=Talk of 'compromise' as Russia-Ukraine peace talks set to resume|work=Al Jazeera|date=16 March 2022|accessdate=16 March 2022|archive-date=16 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316125903/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/16/russia-says-parts-of-a-ukraine-compromise-deal-are-close|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mykhailo Podolyak|Mikhail Podolyak]], one of the Ukrainian negotiators, stated that under the proposed peace plan, Ukraine would remain neutral, enshrine rights for Russian speakers, and ignore the issue of disputed territories. In return, it would keep its military, while allied countries would intervene in case it was invaded again.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/7b341e46-d375-4817-be67-802b7fa77ef1|title=Ukraine and Russia draw up neutrality plan to end war|author1=Max Seddon|author2=Roman Olearchyk|author3=Arash Massoudi|work=The Financial Times|date=16 March 2022|accessdate=16 March 2022|archive-date=17 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317140845/https://www.ft.com/content/7b341e46-d375-4817-be67-802b7fa77ef1|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Andriy Yermak]], Head of the Office of the President of Ukraine, later reported that Russian forces had released Melitopol's mayor [[Ivan Fedorov (politician)|Ivan Fedorov]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/814507.html|title=Mayor of Melitopol freed from Russian captivity – Yermak|work=Interfax-Ukraine|date=16 March 2022|accessdate=16 March 2022|archive-date=16 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316174859/https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/814507.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Donetsk Regional Drama Theatre|regional drama theater]] in Mariupol sheltering around 1,000 civilians was later [[Mariupol theatre airstrike|bombed]] during the day.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/16/mariupol-ukraine-russia-seized-hospital|title=Ukrainian officials accuse Russia of shelling civilians fleeing Mariupol|author1=Lorenzo Tondo|author2=Isobel Kosiw|work=The Guardian|date=16 March 2022|accessdate=16 March 2022|archive-date=16 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316140326/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/16/mariupol-ukraine-russia-seized-hospital|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 17 March ===

During the day, the city of [[Rubizhne]], in [[Eastern Ukraine]], was captured by Russia.<ref>{{cite tweet|author=Aldin 🇧🇦|title=Visual confirmation of Rubizhne now under full control of Russian Forces and Luhansk separatists.|user=aldin_ww|number=1504557716282429448|access-date=March 17, 2022}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=March 2022}} The city of [[Izium]], also in Eastern Ukraine, was reportedly captured,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pentagon says Russian advance is frozen |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60774819/ |author=[[BBC News]] |work=BBC News |date=17 March 2022 |accessdate=17 March 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317013837/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60774819 |url-status=live }}</ref> though fighting continues.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-march-18 |title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, March 18 |last1=Clark |first1=Mason |last2=Barros |first2=George |last3=Stepanenko |first3=Kateryna |date=18 March 2022 |website=Institute for the Study of War |publisher=Institute for the Study of War |access-date=20 March 2022 |quote=A Senior US Defense Official reportedly claimed that Russian forces took control of Izyum on March 17, though either the statement itself or media reporting was incorrect.}}</ref>

=== 18 March ===
{{See also|Battle of Mykolaiv#Ukranian military base missile attack}}
Russian artillery strikes on Ukrainian military barracks in [[Mykolaiv]], where around 200 soldiers were stationed. It is presumed nearly all 200 soldiers were killed, as only one survivor was pulled from the rubble the next day and temperatures reached below 6 °C (43 °F) during the night.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine conflict: Scores feared dead after Russia attack on Mykolaiv barracks |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60807636 |work=BBC News |date=18 March 2022 |access-date=March 18, 2022}}</ref>

=== 19 March ===
Russian forces [[Mariupol art school bombing|bombed]] an art school in Mariupol where 400 people were taking shelter.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine accuses Russia of bombing Mariupol school sheltering 400|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/20/ukraine-accuses-russia-of-bombing-mariupol-school-sheltering-400|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=March 20, 2022|accessdate=March 20, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ukraine war latest: School sheltering 400 'hit by Russian strike'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60802572?at_custom4=8A9243FC-A82F-11EC-BCD2-36840EDC252D&at_medium=custom7&at_campaign=64&at_custom2=twitter&at_custom1=%5Bpost+type%5D&at_custom3=%40BBCBreaking|publisher=BBC News|date=March 20, 2022|accessdate=March 20, 2022}}</ref>

=== 20 March ===

Deputy commander of the Russian [[Black Sea Fleet]] [[Andrey Paliy]] was confirmed to have been shot dead by Ukrainian forces.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hall |first=Sam |date=20 March 2022 |title=Ukraine-Russia evening briefing: Five developments as Putin's troops accused of killing 56 at care home |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/03/20/ukraine-russia-evening-briefing-five-developments-putins-troops/ |work=The Telegraph |location= |access-date=20 March 2022}} </ref>

=== 21 March ===
{{See also|Sumykhimprom chemical plant ammonia leak}}
An [[ammonia]] leak occurred from the Sumykhimprom chemical plant, located in [[Sumy]], [[Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Live updates: Ammonia leak contaminates area in east Ukraine |work=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/live-updates-ukraine-officials-say-russians-bombed-school/2022/03/20/b350573e-a820-11ec-8628-3da4fa8f8714_story.html |access-date=2022-03-21 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ammonia leaks from Sumy chemical plant. The governor of Sumy Oblast Dmytro Zhyvytsky said on March 21 that ammonia leaked from Sumykhimprom chemical plant at 4:30 a.m. local time as a result of Russian airstrike |url=https://twitter.com/kyivindependent/status/1505752410513416196 |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=Twitter}}</ref>

=== 22 March ===
The Ukrainian state agency responsible for the [[Chernobyl exclusion zone]] reported that Russian forces had destroyed a new laboratory at the [[Chernobyl nuclear power plant]]. The laboratory, which opened in 2015, worked to improve the management of [[radioactive waste]], among other things. "The laboratory contained highly active samples and samples of [[radionuclide]]s that are now in the hands of the enemy, which we hope will harm itself and not the civilized world," the agency said in its statement.<ref>{{Cite news |last=AP |date=2022-03-23 |title=Russians forces destroy laboratory in Chernobyl nuclear power plant |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/international/russians-forces-destroy-laboratory-in-chernobyl-nuclear-power-plant-122032300155_1.html |access-date=2022-03-23}}</ref>

== See also ==


{{Portal|Russia|Ukraine|War}}
* {{annotated link|Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation}}
* [[Control of cities during the Russo-Ukrainian War]]
* {{annotated link|International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic}}
* {{annotated link|Post-Soviet conflicts}}
* {{annotated link|Second Cold War}}
* {{annotated link|War in Donbas}}
* [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
* [[List of military engagements during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

{{2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine}}
{{Russo-Ukrainian War navbox}}

[[Category:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
[[Category:War crimes during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Russo-Ukrainian War]]
[[Category:Timelines of military conflicts since 1945]]
[[Category:Political timelines of the 2020s by year]]
[[Category:2022-related timelines|Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Timelines of the Russo-Ukrainian War]]

Libertarian Party (United States)

2020-12-24T16:43:28Z

Luch4: /* Size and influence */

{{Short description|National political party in United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Libertarian Party
| logo = [[File:Libertarian Party (United States) Banner Logo.svg|200px]]
| logo_size = 250px
| colorcode = {{Libertarian Party (US)/meta/color}}
| chairperson = {{nowrap|[[Joe Bishop-Henchman]] ([[Washington, D.C.|DC]])}}
| secretary = [[Caryn Ann Harlos]] ([[Colorado|CO]])
| foundation = {{start date and age|1971|12|11}}
| headquarters = 1444 Duke St. [[Alexandria, Virginia]] 22314
| membership_year = February 2020
| membership = {{increase}} 652,261<ref group=lower-alpha>Only includes individuals who have registered Libertarian in the 31 jurisdictions that allow registration with the Libertarian Party. Jurisdictions include Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Washington, D.C., Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, West Virginia and Wyoming.</ref><ref name="membership">{{cite web|url=https://ballot-access.org/2020/10/24/nationwide-voter-registration-data-by-party/|title=Nationwide Voter Registration Data by Party|first=Richard|last=Winger|date=October 24, 2020|work=ballot-access.org|accessdate=October 27, 2020}}</ref>
| ideology = {{nowrap|'''Majority:''' [[Libertarianism in the United States|Libertarianism]]<ref name="Murray Newton Rothbard 1978 p. 1">{{cite book|first=Murray Newton|last=Rothbard|title=For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto|url=https://archive.org/details/fornewlibertyl00roth|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/fornewlibertyl00roth/page/153 153]|year=1978|quote=Even more remarkably, the Libertarian party achieved this growth while consistently adhering to a new ideological creed—"libertarianism"—thus bringing to the American political scene for the first time in a century a party interested in principle rather than in merely gaining jobs and money at the public trough}}</ref> ''[[Laissez-faire]]''<ref name="fiscal con"/>
 [[Cultural liberalism]]<ref name="fiscal con"/> [[Classical liberalism]]<ref name="fiscal con"/> [[Economic liberalism]]<ref name="fiscal con"/> [[Fiscal conservatism]]<ref name="fiscal con">{{cite web|title=Ideological Third Parties and Splinter Parties|url=https://www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/interest-groups-7/minor-political-parties-58/ideological-third-parties-and-splinter-parties-335-8403/|ref=The Libertarian Party supports ''laissez-faire'' policies, small government, and is characterized by being socially liberal on some things, but in truth they are conservative socially because they do not support tax payer programs to help one another through government run programs and they are fiscally conservative. Source: Boundless. "Ideological Third Parties and Splinter Parties". Boundless Political Science. Boundless, January 6, 2015. Retrieved January 16, 2015|date=June 3, 2017|access-date=January 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116140223/https://www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/interest-groups-7/minor-political-parties-58/ideological-third-parties-and-splinter-parties-335-8403/|archive-date=January 16, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Non-interventionism]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Libertarian Party opposes further intervention in Iraq|url=http://www.lp.org/news/press-releases/libertarian-party-opposes-further-intervention-in-iraq|ref=The Libertarian Party supports a foreign policy of free trade and non-intervention.|date=June 18, 2014}}</ref>}} '''Factions:''' {{nowrap|[[Minarchism]]<ref name=Antman>Less Antman, [http://archive.lewrockwell.com/orig9/antman1.html The Dallas Accord is Dead], [[Lew Rockwell.com]], May 12, 2008.</ref> [[Anarcho-capitalism]]<ref name=Antman>Less Antman, [http://archive.lewrockwell.com/orig9/antman1.html The Dallas Accord is Dead], [[Lew Rockwell.com]], May 12, 2008.</ref> [[Libertarian socialism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collegemedianetwork.com/libertarian-socialists-organize-online-within-the-libertarian-party/|title=Libertarian Socialists Organize Online Within the Libertarian Party|author=Duane Paul Murphy|work=College Media Network|date=September 12, 2018|accessdate=February 20, 2020}}</ref> [[Paleolibertarianism]]<ref>[[Lew Rockwell|Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr.]] "[http://mises.org/journals/liberty/Liberty_Magazine_January_1990.pdf The Case for Paleo-libertarianism]" in ''[[Liberty (1987)|Liberty]]'', January, 1990, 34–38.</ref>}}
| position = [[Big tent]]
| international = [[International Alliance of Libertarian Parties]]
| seats1_title = [[United States Senate|Seats in the Senate]]
| seats1 = {{composition bar|0|100|hex={{Libertarian Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats2_title = [[United States House of Representatives|Seats in the House of Representatives]]
| seats2 = {{composition bar|1|435|hex={{Libertarian Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats3_title = [[Governor (United States)|State Governorships]]
| seats3 = {{composition bar|0|50|hex={{Libertarian Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats4_title = [[State legislature (United States)|Seats in state upper chambers]]
| seats4 = {{composition bar|0|1972|hex={{Libertarian Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats5_title = [[State legislature (United States)|Seats in state lower chambers]]
| seats5 = {{composition bar|1|5411|hex={{Libertarian Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats6_title = [[Governor (United States)|Territorial governorships]]
| seats6 = {{composition bar|0|6|hex={{Libertarian Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats7_title = [[Territories of the United States|Seats in territorial upper chambers]]
| seats7 = {{composition bar|0|97|hex={{Libertarian Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats8_title = [[Territories of the United States|Seats in territorial lower chambers]]
| seats8 = {{composition bar|0|91|hex={{Libertarian Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
| seats9_title = [[Electoral history of the Libertarian Party (United States)|Other elected offices]]
| seats9 = '''234 (2020)'''<ref name="lp eo">{{cite web|url=https://www.lp.org/elected-officials-2/|title=Elected Officials|accessdate=May 5, 2020}}</ref>
| colors = {{color box|{{Libertarian Party (US)/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} [[Gold-yellow]]
| symbol = [[File:Libertarian_Disc.svg|100px]]
| slogan = "Minimum government, maximum freedom."
| website = {{url|lp.org}}
| country = United States
}}
{{Libertarianism in the United States sidebar}}
{{Politics of the United States}}

The '''Libertarian Party''' ('''LP''') is a [[Political parties in the United States|political party in the United States]] that promotes [[civil liberties]], [[non-interventionism]], ''[[laissez-faire]]'' [[capitalism]], and [[Limited government|limiting the size and scope of government]]. The party was conceived in August 1971 at meetings in the home of [[David Nolan (libertarian)|David F. Nolan]] in [[Westminster, Colorado]],<ref name="DMartinNYT11222010">Martin, Douglas. [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/23/us/23nolan.html David Nolan, 66, Is Dead; Started Libertarian Party], ''[[New York Times]]'', November 22, 2010.</ref><ref name="history">{{cite web|url=http://www.freecolorado.com/colib/0111nolan.html|title=David Nolan Reflects on the Libertarian Party on its 30th Anniversary|work=Colorado Freedom Report|access-date=December 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630142121/http://www.freecolorado.com/colib/0111nolan.html|archive-date=June 30, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> and was officially formed on December 11, 1971 in [[Colorado Springs, Colorado]].<ref name="history"/> The founding of the party was prompted in part due to concerns about the [[Presidency of Richard Nixon|Nixon administration]], the [[Vietnam War]], [[Conscription in the United States#Vietnam War|conscription]], and the introduction of [[fiat money]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Michael Patrick|last=Murphy|title=The Government|page=555|publisher=[[iUniverse]]|year=2004|isbn=978-0-595-30863-7}}</ref>

The party generally promotes a [[Classical liberalism|classical liberal]] platform, in contrast to the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]'s [[Modern liberalism in the United States|modern liberalism]] and [[Progressivism in the United States|progressivism]] and the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]'s [[Conservatism in the United States|conservatism]]. [[Gary Johnson]], the party's [[presidential nominee]] in [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]] and [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]], claims that the Libertarian Party is more [[Cultural liberalism|culturally liberal]] than Democrats, and more [[Fiscal conservatism|fiscally conservative]] than Republicans.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gary Johnson: I'm More Conservative and More Liberal Than Both Parties|author=Julie Ershadi|url=http://atr.rollcall.com/gary-johnson-im-more-conservative-and-more-liberal-than-both-parties|work=Roll Call|date=April 30, 2013}}</ref> [[#Recent issue stances|Current fiscal policy positions]] include [[Tax cut|lowering taxes]], abolishing the [[Internal Revenue Service]] (IRS), decreasing the [[National debt of the United States|national debt]], allowing people to opt out of [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] and eliminating the [[welfare state]], in part by utilizing [[Charitable organization|private charities]]. Current cultural policy positions include [[Drug liberalization|ending the prohibition of illegal drugs]], advocating [[criminal justice reform]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lp.org/issues/crime-and-justice/ |title=Crime and Justice|publisher=Libertarian Party|accessdate=September 9, 2018}}</ref> supporting [[same-sex marriage]], ending [[capital punishment]] and supporting [[Right to keep and bear arms in the United States|gun ownership rights]].

It is currently the third largest [[Political parties in the United States|political party in the United States]] by voter registration,<ref name="membership"/> and currently has one member in [[United States Congress|Congress]], Representative [[Justin Amash]] of [[Michigan]]. Amash, the first Libertarian in Congress, declined to seek reelection in 2020;<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bowden|first=John|date=2020-07-16|title=Amash confirms he won't seek reelection|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/507776-amash-confirms-hes-not-campaigning-for-reelection|access-date=2020-11-10|website=TheHill|language=en}}</ref> as a result, Libertarians will not be represented in the United States Congress in 2021. In the [[2020 United States elections]], the Libertarians gained a seat in the [[Wyoming House of Representatives]], giving them their first state legislative win since 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Aspegren|first=Elinor|title=Not a Republican, not a Democrat: Wyoming's Marshall Burt wins Libertarian Party's first statehouse seat since 2002|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/11/04/election-2020-libertarian-party-wyoming-legislature-marshall-burt/6168203002/|access-date=2020-11-05|website=USA TODAY|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>http://ballot-access.org/2020/11/06/wyoming-newspaper-story-about-marshall-burt-new-libertarian-legislator/</ref><ref name="web.archive.org">https://web.archive.org/web/20170331190139/https://sos.nh.gov/2000RepGen.aspx?id=3187</ref> As of 2020, there were 211 Libertarians holding elected office: 89 of them partisan offices and 122 of them non-partisan offices. 58 of the partisan offices are minor positions in [[Pennsylvania]]. There are 609,234 voters registered as Libertarian in the 31 states that report Libertarian registration statistics and [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ballot-access.org/2020/03/27/march-2020-ballot-access-news-print-edition/|title=March 2020 Ballot Access News Print Edition|website=ballot-access.org}}</ref> The first [[Electoral College (United States)|electoral vote]] for a woman was that for [[Tonie Nathan]] of the party for [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]] in the [[1972 United States presidential election]] due to a [[faithless elector]] supporter who eschewed his expected vote for [[Richard Nixon]].

== History ==
{{main|History of the Libertarian Party (United States)|Electoral history of the Libertarian Party (United States)}}
[[File:NolanwithNolanChart1996.jpg|thumb|[[David Nolan (libertarian)|David Nolan]], founder of the Libertarian Party, with the [[Nolan Chart]]]]
The first [[Libertarian National Convention]] was held in June 1972. In 1978, [[Dick Randolph]] of [[Alaska]] became the first elected Libertarian [[State legislature (United States)|state legislator]]. Following the 1980 federal elections, the Libertarian Party assumed the title of being the third-largest party for the first time after the [[American Independent Party]] and the [[Conservative Party of New York]] (the other largest minor parties at the time) continued to decline. In 1994, over 40 Libertarians were elected or appointed which was a record for the party at that time. 1995 saw a soaring membership and voter registration for the party. In 1996, the Libertarian Party became the first [[Third party (United States)|third party]] to earn ballot status in all 50 states two [[United States presidential election|presidential]] [[Elections in the United States|elections]] in a row. By the end of 2009, 146 Libertarians were holding elected offices.<ref>"History." Libertarian Party of Kansas, lpks.org/history.</ref>

[[Tonie Nathan]], running as the Libertarian Party's vice presidential candidate in the [[1972 United States presidential election|1972 presidential election]] with [[John Hospers]] as the presidential candidate,<ref>{{cite web|last1=O'Grady|first1=Jane|title=John Hospers obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/jul/13/john-hospers-obituary|website=The Guardian|accessdate=20 August 2016|date=13 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://reason.com/blog/2011/06/13/john-hospers-rip |title = John Hospers, RIP |work = Reason |access-date = April 29, 2013 |date = June 13, 2011 }}</ref> was the first female candidate in the United States to receive an electoral vote.<ref name=history/><ref name="CATO">{{cite web|first=David|last=Boaz|url=http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/2008/08/29/first-woman|title=First Woman|work=Cato @ Liberty|publisher=[[Cato Institute]]|date=August 29, 2008|author-link=David Boaz}}</ref>

The [[2012 United States presidential election|2012 election]] Libertarian Party presidential candidate, former New Mexico Governor [[Gary Johnson]], received the highest number of votes—more than 1.2 million—of any Libertarian presidential candidate at the time.<ref>[http://www.upi.com/Libertarian-Party-buoyant-Greens-hopeful/46151352363400/ Libertarian Party buoyant; Greens hopeful]. UPI. 2012-11-08. Retrieved 2016-10-04.</ref> He was renominated for president in [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]], this time choosing former Massachusetts Governor [[William Weld]] as his running mate. Johnson/Weld shattered the Libertarian record for a presidential ticket, earning over 4.4 million votes.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/29/politics/libertarian-party-nominee-vote/ Libertarians pick ticket, slam Trump]. CNN. 2016-05-29. Retrieved 2016-10-04.</ref> Both Johnson and [[Green Party (United States)|Green Party]] candidate [[Jill Stein]] received significantly more news coverage in 2016 than third-party candidates usually get, with polls showing both candidates potentially increasing their support over the last election, especially among younger voters.<ref>[https://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2016/09/hillary-clinton-gary-johnson-juicier-target-jill-stein For Hillary Clinton, Gary Johnson Is a Juicier Target Than Jill Stein]. ''Mother Jones''. 2016-09-16. Retrieved 2016-10-04.</ref>

The Libertarian Party has had significant electoral success in the context of [[List of United States state legislatures|state legislatures]] and other local offices. Libertarians won four elections to the [[Alaska House of Representatives]] between 1978 and 1984 and another four to the [[New Hampshire General Court]] in 1992.<ref name="ypa">{{cite web |url = http://www.ypa.org/article.php?article=0030 |title = The Third Party Myth |publisher = Young Politicians of America |date = January 1, 2001 |access-date = December 10, 2013 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080104231600/http://www.ypa.org/article.php?article=0030 |archive-date = January 4, 2008 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> Neil Randall, a Libertarian, won the election to the [[Vermont House of Representatives]] in 1998 running on both the Libertarian and Republican lines.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.libertarianrepublican.net/2009/06/vermonts-only-elected-libertarian-state.html |title = Libertarian Republican |publisher = Libertarian Republican |date = June 13, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160127031843/http://www.libertarianrepublican.net/2009/06/vermonts-only-elected-libertarian-state.html |access-date = January 29, 2016 |archive-date = January 27, 2016 }}</ref> In 2000, [[Steve Vaillancourt]] won election to the New Hampshire General Court running on the Libertarian ballot line.<ref name="web.archive.org"/> [[Rhode Island House of Representatives|Rhode Island State Representative]] [[Daniel P. Gordon]] was expelled from the Republicans and joined the Libertarian Party in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |last1 = Cassidy |first1 = Austin |title = Our Exclusive Interview with Libertarian State Representative Dan Gordon of Rhode Island |url = http://www.uncoveredpolitics.com/2012/04/26/our-interview-with-libertarian-state-representative-dan-gordon-of-rhode-island/ |website = Uncovered Politics |access-date = June 16, 2015 }}</ref> In July 2016 and June 2017, the Libertarians tied their 1992 peak of four legislators when four state legislators from four different states left the Republican Party to join the Libertarian Party: [[Nevada Assembly]]man [[John Moore (Nevada politician)|John Moore]] in January,<ref>{{cite press release |url = https://www.lp.org/news/press-releases/nevada-state-assemblyman-john-moore-joins-libertarian-party |title = Nevada State Assemblyman John Moore Joins Libertarian Party |publisher = Libertarian Party }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com/2016/01/nevada-assemblyman-john-moore-joins-libertarian-party/ |title = Nevada Assemblyman John Moore joins Libertarian Party |work = Independent Political Report |first = Andy |last = Craig |date = January 8, 2016 |access-date = January 8, 2016 }}</ref> [[Nebraska Legislature|Nebraska Senator]] [[Laura Ebke]] (although the Nebraska Legislature is officially non-partisan) and [[New Hampshire House of Representatives|New Hampshire Representative]] [[Max Abramson]] in May<ref>{{cite news |title = Nebraska state senator leaves GOP, registers as Libertarian |url = http://www.ketv.com/news/nebraska-state-senator-leaves-gop-registers-as-libertarian/39852436 |publisher = [[KETV]] |date = June 1, 2016 |access-date = June 1, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://ballot-access.org/2016/07/27/new-hampshire-legislator-changes-registration-from-republican-to-libertarian/ |title = New Hampshire Legislator Changes Registration from 'Republican' to 'Libertarian |work = Ballot Access News |access-date = July 29, 2016 }}</ref> and [[Utah State Senate|Utah Senator]] [[Mark B. Madsen]] in July.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://reason.com/blog/2016/07/25/utah-state-sen-mark-madsen-switching-par |title = Utah State Sen. Mark Madsen Switching Parties from Republican to Libertarian, Endorsing Gary Johnson for President |date = July 25, 2016 |work = Reason |access-date = July 29, 2016 }}</ref> In the 2016 election cycle, Madsen<ref>{{cite web |url = http://electionresults.utah.gov/elections/senate/13 |title=Utah State Senate District 13 2016 Election Results}}</ref> and Abramson did not run for re-election to their respective offices while Moore lost his race after the Libertarian Party officially censured him over his support of taxpayer stadium funding.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://reason.com/blog/2016/11/04/libertarian-assemblyman-john-moore-of-ne|title=Libertarian Assemblyman John Moore of Nevada Censured by the Libertarian National Committee|date=November 4, 2016|accessdate=June 21, 2018}}</ref> Ebke was not up for re-election in 2016. New Hampshire Representative [[Caleb Q. Dyer]] changed party affiliation to the Libertarian Party from the Republican Party in February 2017. New Hampshire Representative [[Joseph Stallcop]] changed party affiliation to the Libertarian Party from the Democratic Party in May 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/libertarians/posts/10155000316982726|title=Libertarian Party|website=Facebook.com|accessdate=June 21, 2018}}</ref> New Hampshire State Legislator [[Brandon Phinney]] joined with the Libertarian Party from the Republican Party in June 2017, the third to do so in 2017 and matching their 1992 and 2016 peaks of sitting Libertarian state legislators.

In January 2018, sitting [[New Mexico Commissioner of Public Lands]] [[Aubrey Dunn Jr.]] changed party affiliation from Republican to the Libertarian Party, becoming the first Libertarian statewide officeholder in history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nmpoliticalreport.com/800005/dunn-switches-to-libertarian-party/|title=Dunn switches to Libertarian Party|author=Oxford, Andrew|work=NMPoliticalReport|date=January 28, 2018|accessdate=February 2, 2018}}</ref>

In April 2020, Representative [[Justin Amash]] of Michigan became the first Libertarian member of Congress after leaving the Republican Party and spending time as an independent. In June 2020, Amash, with [[Ayanna Pressley]] of the Democratic Party, introduced the [[Ending Qualified Immunity Act]] in response to the [[killing of George Floyd]] by a Minneapolis police officer. The bill was the first to gain support of members from the Democratic, Republican and Libertarian parties in the history of the United States Congress.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Binion |first1=Billy |date=June 11, 2020 |title=With 1 Republican Cosponsor, Rep. Justin Amash Gains Tripartisan Support To End Qualified Immunity |url=https://reason.com/2020/06/11/justin-amash-tom-mcclintock-republican-cosponsor-tripartisan-support-to-end-qualified-immunity/ |website=Reason |publisher=Reason |accessdate=27 August 2020}}</ref>

== Name and symbols ==
[[File:Libersign - TANSTAAFL.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Original TANSTAAFL logo]]
[[File:Libertarian Party.svg|thumb|upright=0.7|A recent logo of the Libertarian Party]]
In 1972, "Libertarian Party" was chosen as the party's name, selected over "New Liberty Party".<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|last=Winter|first=Bill|url=http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/cp3/message/9701|title=1971–2001: The Libertarian Party's 30th Anniversary Year: Remembering the first three decades of America's 'Party of Principle'|work=LP News|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525185828/https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/cp3/conversations/topics/9701|archive-date=May 25, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The first official slogan of the Libertarian Party was "[[There ain't no such thing as a free lunch]]" (abbreviated "TANSTAAFL"), a phrase popularized by [[Robert A. Heinlein]] in his 1966 novel ''[[The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress]]'', sometimes dubbed "a manifesto for a libertarian revolution". The current slogan of the party is "The Party of Principle".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://facefwd.com/libertarianism/|title=What is Libertarianism?|accessdate=May 5, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019111212/http://facefwd.com/libertarianism/|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref>

Also in 1972, the "Libersign"—an arrow angling upward through the abbreviation "TANSTAAFL"—was adopted as a party symbol.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> By the end of the decade, this was replaced with the [[Statue of Liberty|Lady Liberty]] until 2015, with the adoption of the current "Torch Eagle" logo.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://independentpoliticalreport.com/2015/07/lnc-selects-new-logo/|title=LNC selects new logo|date=July 19, 2015|newspaper=Independent Political Report|accessdate=December 11, 2016}}</ref>

In the 1990s, several state Libertarian parties adopted the Liberty Penguin ("LP") as their official mascot.<ref>{{cite news|last=Drake|first=Kerry|title=Laramie Libertarians adopt 'Liberty Penguin'|newspaper=Casper Star Tribune|date=July 26, 1996|postscript=;}} {{cite news|title=Libertarian picks penguin representation|newspaper=Fort Myers News Press|date=November 11, 1997|postscript=;}} {{cite news|title=Pragmatic penguin just the ticket for Wyo. Libertarians|newspaper=Denver Post|date=September 6, 1996|agency=Associated Press|postscript=;}} {{cite news|title=Libertarians Adopt County Artist's Design|newspaper=Grainger County News|date=April 22, 1999|location=Grainger County, TN}}</ref> Another mascot is the Libertarian porcupine, an icon that was originally designed by Kevin Breen in March 2006 and inspired by the logo of the [[Free State Project]] (FSP).<ref>[http://libertarianporcupine.org/info.html "Libertarian Porcupine"]. Retrieved September 27, 2012.</ref>

[[File:Justin Amash official photo.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Representative [[Justin Amash]], the first Libertarian member of Congress]]

== Structure and composition ==
The Libertarian Party is democratically governed by its members, with state affiliate parties each holding annual or biennial conventions at which delegates are elected to attend the party's biennial national convention. National convention delegates vote on changes to the party's national platform and bylaws and elect officers and "At-Large" representatives to the party's National Committee. The National Committee also has "Regional Representatives", some of whom are appointed by delegate caucuses at the national convention whereas others are appointed by the chairpersons of LP state affiliate chapters within a region.<ref name=PGPOSA-vol2>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ovKfDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA498|title=Political Groups, Parties, and Organizations that Shaped America: An Encyclopedia and Document Collection|last1=Ainsworth|first1=Scott H.|last2=Harward|first2=Brian M.|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|date=July 19, 2019|accessdate=September 23, 2019|volume=2|page=498|isbn=978-1-4408-5196-4}}</ref>

=== Libertarian National Committee ===
The [[Libertarian National Committee]] (LNC)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lp.org/organization/lncdirectory2.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011212927/http://www.lp.org/organization/lncdirectory2.shtml|url-status=dead|title=Libertarian Party National Committee|archive-date=October 11, 2007}}</ref> is a 27-member body including alternates, or 17 voting members and is currently chaired by [[Nicholas Sarwark]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lp.org/libertarian-national-committee/|title=Libertarian National Committee (LNC) – Libertarian Party|website=Lp.org|accessdate=June 21, 2018}}</ref> The LNC is responsible for overseeing day-to-day operations of the Libertarian Party and its national office and staff. [[Dan Fishman]] is currently the Executive Director of the Libertarian Party.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lp.org/carla-howell|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028170730/http://www.lp.org/carla-howell|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 28, 2012|title=Carla Howell, Political Director|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref>

=== State chapters ===
The Libertarian Party is organized in all 50 states and the [[District of Columbia]]. Each state affiliate has a governing committee, usually consisting of statewide officers elected by state party members and regional representation of one kind or another. Similarly, county, town, city and ward committees, where organized, generally consist of members elected at the local level. State and local committees often coordinate campaign activities within their jurisdiction, oversee local conventions and in some cases primaries or caucuses and may have a role in nominating candidates for elected office under state law.

=== Membership ===
Since the Libertarian Party's inception, individuals have been able to join the party as voting members by signing their agreement with the organization's [[Libertarian pledge|membership pledge]], which states that the signer does not advocate the initiation of force to achieve political or social goals. During the mid-1980s and into the early 1990s, this membership category was called an "instant" membership, but currently, these are referred to as "signature members". People joining the party are also asked to pay dues, which are on a sliding scale starting at $25 per year. Lifetime membership is granted with a $1,500 donation in one calendar year. Dues-paying members receive a subscription to the party's national newspaper, ''LP News''.<ref>{{ISSN|8755-1373}}</ref> Since 2006, membership in the party's state affiliates has been separate from membership in the national party,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lpar.org/help/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120221021341/http://lpar.org/help/|url-status=dead|title=Help the LPAR « Libertarian Party of Arkansas|archive-date=February 21, 2012}}</ref> with each state chapter maintaining its own membership rolls.

Most rights to participate in the governance of the party are limited to "bylaws-sustaining members" who have either purchased a lifetime membership or donated at least $25 within the past year. Most state parties maintain separate membership, which may be tied to either payment of dues to the state party, or voter registration as a Libertarian, depending on the state's election laws.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lp.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/2016_LP_Bylaws_and_Convention_Rules_w_2016_JC_Rules.pdf|title=Bylaws|date=2016|website=lp.org}}</ref>

== Platform ==
{{Duplication|dupe=#Political positions|date=September 2019}}
The preamble outlines the party's goals: "As Libertarians, we seek a world of liberty; a world in which all individuals are sovereign over their own lives and no one is forced to sacrifice his or her values for the benefit of others. [...] Our goal is nothing more nor less than a world set free in our lifetime, and it is to this end that we take these stands". Its Statement of Principles begins: "We, the members of the Libertarian Party, challenge the cult of the omnipotent state and defend the rights of the individual". The Statement of Principles is foundational to the ideology of the party and was created specifically to bind the party to certain core principles with a high parliamentary burden for any amendment.<ref>{{cite web |last = Ann |first = Caryn |url = http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com/2015/09/d-frank-robinson-the-libertarian-party-statement-of-principles/ |title = D. Frank Robinson, The Libertarian Party Statement of Principles |work= Independent Political Report |date = December 28, 2015 |access-date = June 25, 2016 }}</ref>

The platform emphasizes individual liberty in personal and economic affairs, avoidance of "foreign entanglements" and military and economic [[Interventionism (politics)|intervention]] in other nations' affairs, and free trade and migration. The party opposes [[gun control]]. It calls for [[United States Constitution|Constitutional]] limitations on government as well as the elimination of most state functions. It includes a "Self-determination" section which quotes from the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] and reads: "Whenever any form of government becomes destructive of individual liberty, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to agree to such new governance as to them shall seem most likely to protect their liberty". It also includes an "Omissions" section which reads: "Our silence about any other particular government law, regulation, ordinance, directive, edict, control, regulatory agency, activity, or machination should not be construed to imply approval".<ref name=platform/>

The party favors minimally regulated markets, a less powerful [[federal government]], strong [[civil liberties]] (including [[LGBT rights]], with the party supporting [[same-sex marriage]]), the [[drug liberalization|liberalization of drug laws]], [[separation of church and state]], [[open immigration]], [[non-interventionism]] and [[neutrality (international relations)|neutrality]] in diplomatic relations, [[free trade]] and [[freedom of movement|free movement]] to all foreign countries and a more representative republic.<ref name=platform>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/platform |title= Libertarian Party: Platform |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = June 6, 2012 }}</ref> In 2018, the Libertarian Party became the first in the United States to call for the decriminalization of sex work.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://reason.com/2018/07/02/libertarians-call-for-sex-work-decrim/ |title = Libertarian Party Adopts New Sex Work Plank |access-date = May 5, 2020}}</ref> The party's position on abortion is that government should stay out of the matter and leave it to the individual, but recognizes that some "good-faith" opinions on this issue are different.<ref name="abortion1.4">{{cite web |work = Platform |url = http://www.lp.org/platform |title = 1.4 Abortion |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = March 8, 2013 }}</ref> [[Ron Paul]], one of the former presidential nominees of the Libertarian Party in 1988, is strictly [[anti-abortion]]. [[Gary Johnson]], the party's [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]] and [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]] presidential candidate, is [[Abortion-rights movements|pro-abortion rights]], as were most of the party's past nominees other than Paul.

The Statement of Principles was written by [[John Hospers]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Libertarian Studies|volume=13|number=2|date=September 1998|pages=153–165|title=A Libertarian Argument Against Open Borders}}</ref> The Libertarian Party's bylaws specify that a 7/8ths supermajority of delegates is required to change the Statement of Principles.<ref>Article 3, section 1</ref> Any proposed platform plank found by the Judicial Committee to conflict with the Statement requires approval by a three-fourths supermajority of delegates.<ref>Rule 5</ref> Early platform debates included at the second convention whether to support [[tax resistance]] and at the 1974 convention whether to support [[anarchism]]. In both cases, a compromise was reached.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Burns, Jennifer|title=O Libertarian, Where Is Thy Sting?|journal=Journal of Policy History|volume=19|number=4|date=2007|pages=452–470|doi=10.1353/jph.2008.0001|s2cid=146214711}}</ref>

== Size and influence ==
{{more citations needed section|date=November 2016}}

=== Presidential candidate performance ===
[[File:GaryJohnsonLPConvention2012.jpg|thumb|Former Governor [[Gary Johnson]] during the [[2012 United States presidential election|2012 election]]]]
[[File:Libertarian party 1972 2016.png|thumb|The [[United States presidential election|presidential election]] results for all Libertarian Party candidates from 1972.]]
The first Libertarian presidential candidate, [[John Hospers]], received one electoral vote in 1972 when [[Roger MacBride]], a [[Virginia]] [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[faithless elector]] pledged to [[Richard Nixon]], cast his ballot for the Libertarian ticket. His vote for [[Tonie Nathan|Theodora ("Tonie") Nathan]] as vice president was the first electoral college vote ever to be cast for a woman in a United States presidential election.<ref>"{{cite web |url=http://www.fairvote.org/e_college/faithless.htm#4 |title=Faithless Electors |publisher=[[Center for Voting and Democracy]] |access-date=July 25, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906231513/http://www.fairvote.org/e_college/faithless.htm#4 |archive-date=September 6, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> MacBride became the Libertarian nominee himself in 1976. This was the last time that the Libertarian Party won an electoral vote until 44 years later, in the 2016 presidential election, when [[Texas]] Republican faithless elector Bill Greene, who was pledged to cast his vote for [[Donald Trump]], instead cast his vote for Libertarian Party member, 1988 presidential nominee, and former Republican congressman [[Ron Paul]] for president.<ref>[https://www.texastribune.org/2016/12/19/watch-texas-electoral-college-vote-begins-texas-ca/ Texas electors cast 36 votes for Trump, 1 for Kasich, 1 for Ron Paul]. ''Texas Tribune'' (December 19, 2016). Retrieved December 19, 2016.</ref>

During the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential election]], [[Gary Johnson]] and vice presidential candidate [[Bill Weld]] received a record percentage of 3.29% of the popular vote (4,489,233 votes),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|first=David|last=Leip |website=uselectionatlas.org|accessdate=June 21, 2018}}</ref> getting 9.34% in [[United States presidential election in New Mexico, 2016|New Mexico]], where Johnson had previously been elected Governor. In the [[2012 United States presidential election|2012 presidential election]], Johnson and running mate [[Jim Gray (jurist)|Jim Gray]] received 1,275,821 votes (1%).<ref name="clerk.house.gov">{{cite web |url=http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/2012election.pdf |title=2012 election |publisher=Clerk of the United States House of Representatives |access-date=June 25, 2016}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
![[President of the United States|Presidential]]/[[Vice President of the United States|Vice presidential]] candidate
!Popular votes
!Percentage
![[Electoral College (United States)|Electoral votes]]
!Image
|-
|[[1972 United States presidential election|1972]] || [[John Hospers]]/[[Tonie Nathan]]
|style="text-align:right"|3,674 || <0.01% || 1
|[[File:John Hospers 1998.jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[1976 United States presidential election|1976]] || [[Roger MacBride]]/[[David Bergland]]
|style="text-align:right"|172,553 || 0.21% || 0
|[[File:Roger MacBride 1976 Campaign.jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[1980 United States presidential election|1980]] || [[Ed Clark]]/[[David Koch]]
|style="text-align:right"|921,128 || 1.06% || 0
|[[File:Ed Clark.jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[1984 United States presidential election|1984]] || [[David Bergland]]/[[James A. Lewis|James Lewis]]
|style="text-align:right"|228,111 || 0.25% || 0
|[[File:David Bergland.jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[1988 United States presidential election|1988]] || [[Ron Paul]]/[[Andre Marrou]] ([[Ron Paul 1988 presidential campaign|campaign]])
|style="text-align:right"|431,750 || 0.47% || 0
|[[File:Ron paul.jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[1992 United States presidential election|1992]] || [[Andre Marrou]]/[[Nancy Lord]]
|style="text-align:right"|290,087 || 0.28% || 0
|[[File:Marrou-1988-Richmond.jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[1996 United States presidential election|1996]] || [[Harry Browne]]/[[Jo Jorgensen]]
|style="text-align:right"|485,759 || 0.50% || 0
|[[File:HarryBrowneLPCon1998 (cropped3).jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[2000 United States presidential election|2000]] || [[Harry Browne]]/[[Art Olivier]] ([[Harry Browne 2000 presidential campaign|campaign]])
|style="text-align:right"|384,431 || 0.36% || 0
|[[File:HarryBrowneLPCon1998 (cropped3).jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[2004 United States presidential election|2004]] || [[Michael Badnarik]]/[[Richard Campagna]] ([[Michael Badnarik 2004 presidential campaign|campaign]])
|style="text-align:right"|397,265 || 0.32% || 0
|[[File:SI-MichaelBadnarik1.JPG|100px]]
|-
|[[2008 United States presidential election|2008]] || [[Bob Barr]]/[[Wayne Allyn Root]] ([[Bob Barr 2008 presidential campaign|campaign]])
|style="text-align:right"|523,713 || 0.40% || 0
|[[File:Bob Barr-2008 cropped.jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[2012 United States presidential election|2012]] || [[Gary Johnson]]/[[Jim Gray (jurist)|Jim Gray]] ([[Gary Johnson 2012 presidential campaign|campaign]])
|style="text-align:right"|1,275,923 || 0.99% || 0
|[[File:Gary Johnson campaign portrait.jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[2016 United States presidential election|2016]] || [[Gary Johnson]]/[[Bill Weld|William Weld]] ([[Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign|campaign]])
|style="text-align:right"|4,489,341 || 3.29% || 0{{efn|Texas [[faithless elector]] Bill Greene cast his vote for Ron Paul, a member of the Libertarian Party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://71republic.com/2018/02/03/paul-attacks-libertarian-leadership/|title=Ron Paul Attacks Libertarian Leadership in Response to Controversy|author=Lau, Ryan|date=February 3, 2018|work=71Republic|accessdate=February 3, 2018|quote="I paid my lifetime membership, in 1987, with a gold coin, to make a point."}}</ref>}}
|[[File:Gary Johnson campaign portrait.jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[2020 United States presidential election|2020]] || [[Jo Jorgensen]]/[[Spike Cohen]] ([[Jo Jorgensen 2020 presidential campaign|campaign]])
|style="text-align:right"|1,865,858<ref name="AP2020 results">{{cite web|url=https://elections.ap.org/dailykos/results/2020-11-03/state/US/race/P/raceid/0|title=United States Elections Results: President - General|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=December 21, 2020}}</ref>|| 1.18% || 0
|[[File:Jo Jorgensen portrait 3 (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|}
{{election box begin|title=[[2016 United States presidential election|Election on November 8, 2016]]}}
{{election box candidate with party link||party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate='''[[Donald Trump]]'''|votes=62,853,625|percentage=45.03%|change=−3.3%}}
{{election box candidate with party link||party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=[[Hillary Clinton]]|votes='''65,985,105'''|percentage='''48.94%'''|change=−0.7%}}
{{election box candidate with party link||party=Libertarian Party (United States)|candidate=[[Gary Johnson]]|votes=4,489,341|percentage=3.27%|change=+2.3%}}
{{election box candidate with party link||party=Green Party of the United States|candidate=[[Jill Stein]]|votes=1,457,222|percentage=1.06%|change=+0.7%}}
{{election box candidate||party=Others|candidate=Others|votes=2,313,258|percentage=1.68%|change=+1.0%}}
{{election box plurality||votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{election box turnout||votes=134,754,939|percentage='''100%'''|change=}}
{{election box gain with party link||winner=Republican Party (United States)|loser=Democratic Party (United States)|swing=}}
{{election box end}}

=== House of Representatives results ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Popular votes
!Percentage
!Number of seats
|-
|[[1972 United States House of Representatives elections|1972]]
|style="text-align:right"|2,028 || 0.00% || 0
|-
|[[1974 United States House of Representatives elections|1974]]
|style="text-align:right"|3,099 || 0.01% || 0
|-
|[[1976 United States House of Representatives elections|1976]]
|style="text-align:right"|71,791 || 0.10% || 0
|-
|[[1978 United States House of Representatives elections|1978]]
|style="text-align:right"| 64,310 || 0.12% || 0
|-
|[[1980 United States House of Representatives elections|1980]]
|style="text-align:right"| 568,131 || 0.73% || 0
|-
|[[1982 United States House of Representatives elections|1982]]
|style="text-align:right"| 462,767 || 0.72% || 0
|-
|[[1984 United States House of Representatives elections|1984]]
|style="text-align:right"| 275,865 || 0.33% || 0
|-
|[[1986 United States House of Representatives elections|1986]]
|style="text-align:right"| 121,076 || 0.20% || 0
|-
|[[1988 United States House of Representatives elections|1988]]
|style="text-align:right"| 445,708 || 0.55% || 0
|-
|[[1990 United States House of Representatives elections|1990]]
|style="text-align:right"| 374,500 || 0.60% || 0
|-
|[[1992 United States House of Representatives elections|1992]]
|style="text-align:right"| 848,614 || 0.87% || 0
|-
|[[1994 United States House of Representatives elections|1994]]
|style="text-align:right"| 415,944 || 0.59% || 0
|-
|[[1996 United States House of Representatives elections|1996]]
|style="text-align:right"| 651,448 || 0.72% || 0
|-
|[[1998 United States House of Representatives elections|1998]]
|style="text-align:right"| 880,024 || 1.32% || 0
|-
|[[2000 United States House of Representatives elections|2000]]
|style="text-align:right"| 1,610,292 || 1.63% || 0
|-
|[[2002 United States House of Representatives elections|2002]]
|style="text-align:right"| 1,030,171 || 1.38% || 0
|-
|[[2004 United States House of Representatives elections|2004]]
|style="text-align:right"| 1,040,465 || 0.92% || 0
|-
|[[2006 United States House of Representatives elections|2006]]
|style="text-align:right"| 657,435 || 0.81% || 0
|-
|[[2008 United States House of Representatives elections|2008]]
|style="text-align:right"| 1,083,096 || 0.88% || 0
|-
|[[2010 United States House of Representatives elections|2010]]
|style="text-align:right"| 1,002,511 || 1.16% || 0
|-
|[[2012 United States House of Representatives elections|2012]]
|style="text-align:right"| 1,350,712 || 1.10% || 0
|-
|[[2014 United States House of Representatives elections|2014]]
|style="text-align:right"| 954,077 || 1.21% || 0
|-
|[[2016 United States House of Representatives elections|2016]]
|style="text-align:right"| 1,660,923 || 1.28% || 0
|-
|[[2018 United States House of Representatives elections|2018]]
|style="text-align:right"| 758,492 || 0.67% || 0
|}
* Source:<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://history.house.gov/Institution/Election-Statistics/Election-Statistics/|title=Election Statistics, 1920 to Present {{!}} Office of the Clerk, United States House of Representatives|accessdate=June 13, 2018}}</ref>

=== Senate results ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Popular votes
!Percentage
!Number of seats
|-
|[[1972 United States Senate elections|1972]]
|style="text-align:right"|N/A || 0.00% || 0
|-
|[[1974 United States Senate elections|1974]]
|style="text-align:right"|N/A || 0.00% || 0
|-
|[[1976 United States Senate elections|1976]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|78,588}} || 0.13% || 0
|-
|[[1978 United States Senate elections|1978]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|25,071}} || 0.09% || 0
|-
|[[1980 United States Senate elections|1980]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|401,077}} || 0.67% || 0
|-
|[[1982 United States Senate elections|1982]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|314,955}} || 0.61% || 0
|-
|[[1984 United States Senate elections|1984]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|160,798}} || 0.35% || 0
|-
|[[1986 United States Senate elections|1986]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|104,338}} || 0.21% || 0
|-
|[[1988 United States Senate elections|1988]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|268,053}} || 0.40% || 0
|-
|[[1990 United States Senate elections|1990]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|142,003}} || 0.41% || 0
|-
|[[1992 United States Senate elections|1992]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|986,617}} || 1.40% || 0
|-
|[[1994 United States Senate elections|1994]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|666,183}} || 1.16% || 0
|-
|[[1996 United States Senate elections|1996]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|362,208}} || 0.74% || 0
|-
|[[1998 United States Senate elections|1998]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|419,452}} || 0.78% || 0
|-
|[[2000 United States Senate elections|2000]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|1,036,684}} || 1.33% || 0
|-
|[[2002 United States Senate elections|2002]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|724,969}} || 1.74% || 0
|-
|[[2004 United States Senate elections|2004]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|754,861}} || 0.86% || 0
|-
|[[2006 United States Senate elections|2006]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|612,732}} || 1.01% || 0
|-
|[[2008 United States Senate elections|2008]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|798,154}} || 1.23% || 0
|-
|[[2010 United States Senate elections|2010]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|755,812}} || 1.14% || 0
|-
|[[2012 United States Senate elections|2012]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|956,745}} || 1.02% || 0
|-
|[[2014 United States Senate elections|2014]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|870,781}} || 1.98% || 0
|-
|[[2016 United States Senate elections|2016]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|1,788,112}} || 1.85% || 0
|-
|[[2018 United States Senate elections|2018]]
|style="text-align:right"|{{nts|570,045}} || 0.70% || 0
|}
Source:<ref name=":1"/>

=== Earning ballot status ===
Historically, Libertarians have achieved 50-state [[ballot access]] for their presidential candidate five times: in 1980, 1992, 1996, (in 2000, [[L. Neil Smith]] was on the Arizona ballot instead of the nominee, Harry Browne)<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.thegreenpapers.com/G00/AZ.html#Pre |title = Arizona November 2000 General Election |work = The Green Papers |access-date = July 19, 2010 }}</ref> 2016,<ref>{{cite web |url = http://theweek.com/speedreads/648701/gary-johnson-becomes-first-thirdparty-candidate-20-years-qualify-ballot-all-50-states |title = Gary Johnson becomes first third-party candidate in 20 years to qualify for the ballot in all 50 states |work = The Week |date = September 14, 2016|access-date = October 5, 2016 }}</ref> and have reached 50-state ballot access for the 2020 election.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://thencbeat.com/breaking-libertarian-candidate-jo-jorgensen-officially-on-ballot-in-all-50-states-plus-d-c/ |title = Libertarian candidate Jo Jorgensen officially on ballot in all 50 states plus DC |work = The NC Beat |date = September 14, 2020|access-date = October 22, 2020}}</ref>

In April 2012, the Libertarian Party of Nebraska successfully lobbied for a reform in ballot access with the new law requiring parties to requalify every four years instead of two.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/blogs/alicia-mattson/nebraska-libertarians-save-taxpayers-money-with-successful-lobbying-for-improve |title = Nebraska Libertarians Save Taxpayers Money with Successful Lobbying for Improved Ballot Access Laws|publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = May 5, 2015 |date = April 11, 2012}}</ref> Following the 2012 election, the party gained automatic ballot status in 30 states.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/blogs/staff/libertarian-votes-result-in-lp-having-ballot-access-in-30-states |title = Libertarian Votes Result in LP Having Ballot Access in 30 States |publisher = Libertarian Party |date = November 8, 2012 |access-date = November 20, 2012 }}</ref>

Following the 2016 election, the party announced that it had achieved automatic ballot status in 37 or 38 states plus the [[District of Columbia]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.lp.org/our-next-step/ |title = Our next step |publisher = Libertarian Party |date = November 17, 2016 |access-date = November 17, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.lp.org/big-ballot-access-wins-for-lp/|title = Big ballot access wins for LP! |publisher = Libertarian Party |date = November 9, 2016 |access-date = November 17, 2016 }}</ref>

=== Party supporters ===
In the Libertarian Party, some donors are not necessarily "members" because the party since its founding in 1972 has defined a "member" as being someone who agrees with the party's membership statement. The precise language of this statement is found in the party Bylaws.<ref>[http://www.lp.org/organization/bylaws.shtml Official Bylaws] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605025750/http://www.lp.org/organization/bylaws.shtml |date=June 5, 2008 }} of the Libertarian Party. Retrieved May 14, 2007</ref> As of the end of 2017, there were 138,815 Americans who were on record as having signed the membership statement.<ref name="hq.lp.org">{{Cite web|url=http://hq.lp.org/pipermail/lnc-business/attachments/20180103/93c34956/attachment-0001.pdf|title=Libertarian National Committee Membership Report, December, 2017}}</ref> A survey by David Kirby and [[David Boaz]] found a minimum of 14 percent of American voters to have libertarian-leaning views.<ref>{{cite web |first = David |last = Boaz |url = http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/2010/01/22/how-many-libertarian-voters-are-there/ |title = How Many Libertarian Voters Are There? |work = Cato@Liberty |publisher = Cato Institute |date = January 22, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="policy analysis page 1">{{cite web |first1 = David |last1 = Kirby |first2 = David |last2 = Boaz |url = http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa658.pdf |title = The Libertarian Vote in the Age of Obama |work = Policy Analysis |page = 1 |publisher = Cato Institute |date = January 21, 2010 }}</ref>

There is another measure the party uses internally as well. Since its founding, the party has apportioned delegate seats to its national convention based on the number of members in each state who have paid minimum dues (with additional delegates given to state affiliates for good performance in winning more votes than normal for the party's presidential candidate). This is the most-used number by party activists. As of December 2017, the Libertarian Party reported that there were 14,445 donating members.<ref name="hq.lp.org"/>

Historically, dues were $15 throughout the 1980s and in 1991 they were increased to $25. Between February 1, 2006, and the close of the 2006 Libertarian party convention on May 31, 2006, dues were set to $0.<ref name="LNC Approves Zero Dues">"[http://www.lp.org/lpnews/article_769.shtml LNC Approves Zero Dues]", ''LP News'', September 1, 2005. Retrieved on July 25, 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070416112128/http://www.lp.org/lpnews/article_769.shtml |date=April 16, 2007 }}</ref> However, the change to $0 dues was controversial and was ''de facto'' reversed by the 2006 [[Libertarian National Convention]] in [[Portland, Oregon]], at which the members re-established a basic $25 dues category (now called Sustaining membership) and further added a requirement that all National Committee officers must henceforth be at least sustaining members (which was not required prior to the convention).

=== Registered voters ===
Ballot access expert and editor of ''[[Ballot Access News]]'' [[Richard Winger]] periodically compiles and analyzes voter registration statistics as reported by state voter agencies and he reports that as of early 2020 the party ranked third in voter registration nationally with 609,234.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://ballot-access.org/2020/03/27/march-2020-ballot-access-news-print-edition/ |title = March 2020 Ballot Access News Print Edition |website = ballot-access.org }}</ref>

=== Libertarians in Office ===
Libertarians have had limited success in electing candidates at the state and local level. Since the party's creation, 10 Libertarians have been elected to [[State legislature (United States)|state legislatures]] and some other state legislators have switched parties after being originally elected as Republicans or Democrats. The most recent Libertarian candidate elected to a state legislature was [[Marshall Burt]] to the [[Wyoming House of Representatives]] in 2020. The party elected multiple legislators in New Hampshire during the 1990s as well as in Alaska during the 1980s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://100years.akleg.gov/bio.php?id=1077|title=100 Years of Alaska's Legislature|website=100years.akleg.gov|accessdate=June 21, 2018}}</ref> One of the party's Alaska state legislators, [[Andre Marrou]] was nominated for vice president in 1988 and for president in 1992.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqMhWHxF_ko|title=Andre Marrou, Libertarian Candidate for President, 1992. Interview part 1 of 2.|last=Samuel Wilson|date=November 4, 2008|accessdate=June 21, 2018|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>

As of 2017, there were 168 Libertarians holding elected office: 58 of them partisan offices and 110 of them non-partisan offices.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/candidates/elected-officials |title = Elected-Officials; Libertarian Party |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = August 3, 2010 }}</ref> In addition, some party members, who were elected to public office on other party lines, explicitly retained their Libertarian Party membership and these include former Representative Ron Paul, who has repeatedly stated that he remains a life member of the Libertarian Party.

Previously, the party has had four sitting members of state legislatures. [[Laura Ebke]] served in the nonpartisan [[Nebraska Legislature]] and announced her switch from being a Republican to a Libertarian in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.omaha.com/news/legislature/frustrated-state-sen-laura-ebke-switches-from-republican-to-libertarian/article_4bce0112-4914-58fb-abd1-efb9f3acd6e7.html|title='Frustrated' State Sen. Laura Ebke switches from Republican to Libertarian|first=Joe Duggan / World-Herald|last=Bureau|website=Omaha.com|accessdate=June 21, 2018}}</ref> Three members of the [[New Hampshire House of Representatives]] who were elected as either Republicans or Democrats in the 2016 election announced their switch to the Libertarian Party in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://reason.com/blog/2017/06/29/new-hampshire-now-has-third-sitting-libe|title=New Hampshire Now Has Third Sitting Libertarian Party Legislator|date=June 29, 2017|website=Reason.com|accessdate=June 21, 2018}}</ref>

State Senator [[Mark B. Madsen]] of Utah announced his switch from Republican to Libertarian in 2016, but also did not seek re-election that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://reason.com/blog/2016/07/25/utah-state-sen-mark-madsen-switching-par|title=Utah State Sen. Mark Madsen Switching Parties from Republican to Libertarian, Endorsing Gary Johnson for President|date=July 25, 2016|website=Reason.com|accessdate=June 21, 2018}}</ref> State Representative Max Abramson of New Hampshire switched from Republican to Libertarian before running as the party's gubernatorial candidate in 2016 instead of seeking re-election.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Max_Abramson|title=Max Abramson |website=Ballotpedia.org|accessdate=June 21, 2018}}</ref> State Representative John Moore of Nevada briefly switched parties, but he was defeated for re-election in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ballotpedia.org/John_Moore_(Nevada)|title=John Moore (Nevada) |website=Ballotpedia.org|accessdate=June 21, 2018}}</ref>

[[Aubrey Dunn Jr.]], the [[New Mexico Commissioner of Public Lands]], switched his voter registration from Republican to Libertarian in January, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/legislature/dunn-switches-to-libertarian-party/article_d7738457-695b-5b9b-a529-d6b424501be7.html|title=Dunn switches to Libertarian Party|first=Andrew |last=Oxford|website=Santafenewmexican.com|accessdate=June 21, 2018}}</ref> In doing so, Dunn became the first official elected to a statewide partisan office to have Libertarian voter registration.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ballot-access.org/2018/01/27/new-mexico-land-commissioner-switches-registration-from-republican-to-libertarian/|title=New Mexico Land Commissioner Switches Registration from Republican to Libertarian – Ballot Access News|website=ballot-access.org|accessdate=June 21, 2018}}</ref>

=== Best results in major races ===
{{more citations needed section|date=May 2019}}
{|class="wikitable" style="float:right;"
|-
!Office
!Percent
!District
!Year
!Candidate
|-
|rowspan="3"|President
|align=right|11.66%
|Alaska
|[[1980 United States presidential election in Alaska|1980]]
|[[Ed Clark]]
|-
|align=right|9.34%
|New Mexico
|[[2016 United States presidential election in New Mexico|2016]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Gary Johnson]]
|-
|align=right|6.22%
|North Dakota
|[[2016 United States presidential election in North Dakota|2016]]
|-
|rowspan="3"|US Senate
|align=right|33.47%
|Arkansas
|[[2020 United States Senate election in Arkansas|2020]]
|[[Ricky Dale Harrington Jr.]]
|-
|align=right|29.16%
|Alaska
|[[2016 United States Senate election in Alaska|2016]]
|[[Joe Miller (Alaska politician)|Joe Miller]]
|-
|align=right|18.43%
|Massachusetts
|[[2002 United States Senate election in Massachusetts|2002]]
|Michael Cloud
|-
|rowspan="3"|US House
|align=right|31.55%
|Kansas District 3
|[[2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas#District 3|2012]]
|Joel Balam
|-
|align=right|28.84%
|Mississippi District 2
|[[1998 United States House of Representatives elections#Mississippi|1998]]
|William Chipman
|-
|align=right|28.71%
|Washington State District 2
|[[2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington#District 2|2018]]
|Brian Luke
|-
|rowspan="3"|Governor
|align=right|14.91%
|Alaska
|[[1982 Alaska gubernatorial election|1982]]
|[[Dick Randolph]]
|-
|align=right|11.44%
|Indiana
|[[2020 Indiana gubernatorial election|2020]]
|Donald Rainwater
|-
|align=right|10.45%
|Wisconsin
|[[2002 Wisconsin gubernatorial election|2002]]
|[[Ed Thompson]]
|-
|rowspan="3"|Other statewide
|align=right|43.13%
|Montana Clerk Of The Supreme Court
|2012
|[[Mike Fellows (politician)|Mike Fellows]]
|-
|align=right|34.17%
|Georgia Public Service Commission 5
|2012
|David Staples
|-
|align=right|33.42%
|Georgia Public Service Commission 2
|2016
|Eric Hoskins
|-
|rowspan="3"|State Senate
|align=right|44.38%
|Nevada District Clark 2
|1992
|Tamara Clark
|-
|align=right|43.58%
|Nebraska District 32
|[[2018 Nebraska State Legislature election#District 32|2018]]
|[[Laura Ebke]]
|-
|align=right|37.59%
|Arkansas District 10
|2018
|Bobbi Hicks
|-
|rowspan="3"|State Representative
|align=right|54.43%
|Wyoming District 39
|[[2020 Wyoming House of Representatives election#District 39|2020]]
|[[Marshall Burt]]
|-
|align=right|49.61%
|rowspan="2"|Wyoming District 55
|2020
|rowspan="2"|Bethany Baldes
|-
|align=right|49.01%
|2018
|}

==== United States Senate elections ====
In [[2020 United States Senate election in Arkansas|2020]], [[Ricky Dale Harrington Jr.]] received 33% of the vote in a two-way race in [[Arkansas]], the best ever for a Libertarian candidate in a Senate election. In [[2016 United States Senate election in Alaska|2016]], [[Joe Miller (Alaska politician)|Joe Miller]] received 29% of the vote in a four-way race in [[Alaska]]. In [[2002 United States Senate election in Massachusetts|2002]], Michael Cloud received 18% of the vote in a three-way race in [[Massachusetts]]. In [[2018 United States Senate election in New Mexico|2018]], [[Gary Johnson]] received 15% of the vote in a three-way race in [[New Mexico]].

==== United States House of Representatives elections ====
In [[2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas|2012]], Joel Balam received 32% of the vote in a two-way race in [[Kansas's 3rd congressional district]], the best ever for a Libertarian candidate in a House election. In [[2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington|2018]], Brian Luke received 28% of the vote in a two-way race in [[Washington's 2nd congressional district]]. In [[1998 United States House of Representatives elections#Mississippi|1998]], William Chipman received 28% of the vote in a two-way race in [[Mississippi's 2nd congressional district]].

==== Gubernatorial elections ====
In [[1982 Alaska gubernatorial election|1982]], [[Dick Randolph]] received 15% of the vote in a four-way race in [[Alaska]], the best ever for a Libertarian candidate in a gubernatorial election. In [[2020 Indiana gubernatorial election|2020]], Donald Rainwater received 12% of the vote in a three-way race in [[Indiana]]. In [[2002 Wisconsin gubernatorial election|2002]], [[Ed Thompson]] received 10% of the vote in a three-way race in [[Wisconsin]].

==== Other statewide elections ====
In [[2012 Montana elections|2012]], [[Mike Fellows (politician)|Mike Fellows]] received 43% of the vote in a two-way race in [[Montana]] for clerk of the [[Montana Supreme Court]], the best ever for a Libertarian candidate in a statewide election. In [[2008 Georgia elections|2008]], [[John Monds]] received 33% of the vote in a race in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] for [[Georgia Public Service Commission]], becoming the first Libertarian ever to receive more than one million votes. Two later candidates for the same position, David Staples in [[2012 Georgia elections|2012]] and Eric Hoskins in [[2016 Georgia elections|2016]], received 34% and 33% of the vote, respectively.

==== State Senate elections ====
In [[2018 Nebraska State Legislature election|2018]], [[Laura Ebke]] received 44% of the vote in a non-partisan race in Nebraska's 32nd Legislative district in the [[Nebraska Legislature]], the best ever for a Libertarian candidate in a state senate election. Also in [[2018 Arkansas elections|2018]], Bobbi Hicks received 38% of the vote in a race in Arkansas's 10th Senate district in the [[Arkansas Senate]], the best ever for a Libertarian candidate in a partisan state senate election.

==== State House elections ====
Twelve Libertarians have been elected as state representatives. In [[2020 Wyoming House of Representatives election|2020]], [[Marshall Burt]] received 54% of the vote in a two-way race in Wyoming's 39th House district in the [[Wyoming House of Representatives]], the most recent Libertarian candidate elected to a state house as of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wyoming State House - District 39 Election Results {{!}} Des Moines Register|url=https://www.desmoinesregister.com/elections/results/race/2020-11-03-state-house-WY-51377/|access-date=2020-11-06|website=www.desmoinesregister.com|language=en}}</ref>{{-}}
{{Election box begin no change
| title = [[2016 United States Senate election in Alaska]]
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = '''[[Lisa Murkowski]] (incumbent)'''
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 138,149
| percentage = 44.4%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Joe Miller (Alaska politician)|Joe Miller]]
| party = Libertarian Party (United States)
| votes = 90,825
| percentage = 29.2%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Margaret Stock]]
| party = Independent (United States)
| votes = 41,194
| percentage = 13.2%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Ray Metcalfe]]
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 36,200
| percentage = 11.6%
}}
{{election box end}}

{{Election box begin no change
| title = [[2002 United States Senate election in Massachusetts]]
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = '''[[John Kerry]] (incumbent)'''
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 1,605,976
| percentage = 80%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Michael Cloud
| party = Libertarian Party (United States)
| votes = 369,807
| percentage = 18.4%
}}
{{election box end}}

{{Election box begin no change
| title = [[2018 United States Senate election in New Mexico]]
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = '''[[Martin Heinrich]] (incumbent)'''
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 376,998
| percentage = 54.1%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Mick Rich]]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 212,813
| percentage = 30.5%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Gary Johnson]]
| party = Libertarian Party (United States)
| votes = 107,201
| percentage = 15.4%
}}
{{election box end}}

=== 2016 election ===
[[File:2016 United States presidential election - Percentage of votes cast for Gary Johnson by county.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Gary Johnson's performance in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]] shown by county, with darker shades indicating stronger support]]
A [[Monmouth University]] opinion poll conducted on March 24, 2016 found Libertarian candidate [[Gary Johnson]] in double digits with 11% against [[Donald Trump]] (34%) and [[Hillary Clinton]] (42%) in a three-way race<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/mar/24/libertarian-gary-johnson-double-digits-race-agains/ |title = Poll shows Gary Johnson in double digits in 3-way race against Clinton, Trump |date = March 24, 2016 |last = Sherfinski |first = David |work = The Washington Times |access-date = May 14, 2016 }}</ref> while a [[CNN]] poll from July 16, 2016, found Johnson with a personal best 13% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2016/images/07/17/rel8a.-.2016.pdf |title=Images |website=i2.cdn.turner.com }}</ref> To be included in any of the three main presidential debates, a candidate must be polling at least 15% in national polls.

Following Trump's win in the Indiana Republican primary, making him the presumptive Republican nominee, the Libertarian Party received a rise in attention. Between 7 pm on May 3 and 12 pm on May 4, the Libertarian Party received 99 new memberships and an increase in donors as well as a rise in [[Google]] searches of "Libertarian Party" and "Gary Johnson".<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/libertarian-party-membership-applications-double-after-trump-becomes-gop-nominee/article/2590367 |title = Libertarian Party membership applications double after Trump becomes GOP nominee |last = Schow |first = Ashe |work = Washington Examiner |date = May 4, 2016 |access-date = May 10, 2016 }}</ref> On May 5, [[Mary Matalin]], a longtime Republican political strategist, made news when she switched parties to become a registered Libertarian, expressing her dislike of Trump.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.politico.com/story/2016/05/mary-matalin-registered-independent-222882 |title = Mary Matalin registers as Libertarian, says 'I'm a provisional Trumpster' |last = Gass |first = Nick |date = May 6, 2016 |work = Politico |access-date = May 10, 2016 }}</ref> On May 24, 2016, Matalin endorsed Missouri Libertarian candidate [[Austin Petersen]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.newsmax.com/Politics/Mary-Matalin-Endorses-Austin-Peterson-Libertarian/2016/05/24/id/730423/ |title = Mary Matalin Endorses Libertarian Austin Petersen for President |date = May 24, 2016 |work = NewsMax |last = Devaney |first = Jason |access-date = May 25, 2016 }}</ref>

Several Republican elected officials publicly stated that they considered voting for the Libertarian Party ticket in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/ben-sasse-might-support-gary-johnson-223924 |title = Ben Sasse might support Gary Johnson |last = East |first = Kristen |date = June 5, 2016 |access-date = June 10, 2016 |work = Politico }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/08/politics/reid-ribble-donald-trump-racist/ |title = GOP congressman: Trump 'likely a racist' |last = Raju |first = Manu |date = June 8, 2016 |access-date = June 10, 2016 |publisher = CNN }}</ref> That included 2012 Republican presidential nominee [[Mitt Romney]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/283118-romney-will-look-into-libertarian-ticket#.V1uHZo1UdSs.facebook |title = Romney will consider voting Libertarian, praises VP candidate |date = June 10, 2016 |access-date = June 12, 2016 |work = The Hill |last = Byrnes |first = Jesse }}</ref> It had been a common question and concern that the Libertarian ticket will exclusively draw away votes from [[Donald Trump]] and not the Democratic ticket. In response, Libertarian 2016 nominee Gary Johnson noted that analysis of national polls shows more votes drawn from [[Hillary Clinton]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRxe-3tb1v0 |title = Will The Libertarian Ticket Benefit From The Colbert Bump? |date = June 10, 2016 |access-date = June 10, 2016 }}</ref>

After the conclusion of the Electoral College in 2016, the Libertarian Party received one electoral college vote from a faithless elector in Texas. However, the party's 2016 nominee Gary Johnson did not receive the vote. The single faithless vote went instead to former Republican Congressman [[Ron Paul]], who had rejoined the Libertarian Party in 2015. He is the first Libertarian to receive an electoral vote since 1972.

=== Politicians leaving their parties for the Libertarians ===
After presidential candidate [[Donald Trump]] won Indiana's 2016 Republican primary, several Republican officeholders left the Party and changed their affiliation to the Libertarian Party. The first to do so was [[John Moore (Nevada politician)|John Moore]], a then-sitting Assemblyman in Nevada.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lp.org/news/press-releases/nevada-state-assemblyman-john-moore-joins-libertarian-party|title=Nevada State Assemblyman John Moore Joins Libertarian Party|website=Libertarian Party|accessdate=May 12, 2016|date=January 8, 2016}}</ref> Following the 2016 Nebraska State Legislative Session, state Senator [[Laura Ebke]] announced her displeasure with the Republican Party and announced she was registering as a Libertarian. After that, [[Mark B. Madsen]], a Utah State Senator, switched from the Republican Party to the Libertarian Party. From February to June 2017, three New Hampshire State Representatives ([[Caleb Q. Dyer]], [[Joseph Stallcop]] and [[Brandon Phinney]]) left the Republican and Democratic Parties and joined the Libertarian Party. In January 2018, [[New Mexico Commissioner of Public Lands]] [[Aubrey Dunn Jr.]] switched his party registration from Republican to Libertarian and subsequently announced he would run as the Libertarian nominee for the [[United States Senate election in New Mexico, 2018|Senate election in New Mexico]]. Dunn was the first Libertarian in a partisan statewide office and was the highest ever official from the Libertarian Party until US Representative [[Justin Amash]] switched his party registration from independent to Libertarian on April 29, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Justin Amash Becomes the First Libertarian Member of Congress|url=https://reason.com/2020/04/29/justin-amash-becomes-the-first-libertarian-member-of-congress/|date=2020-04-29|website=Reason.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-30}}</ref> In December 2020 Maine House of Representatives member John Andrews changed his party registration to Libertarian after winning re-election as a Republican.<ref>https://ballot-access.org/2020/12/14/maine-legislator-john-andrews-joins-libertarian-party/</ref>

== Presidential ballot access ==
The Libertarian Party has placed a presidential candidate on the ballot in all 50 states, as well as D. C., six times: 1980, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2016, and 2020. That level of ballot access has only been achieved by a third-party candidate four other times ([[John B. Anderson|John Anderson]] in 1980, [[Lenora Fulani]] in 1988, and [[Ross Perot]] in 1992 and 1996.) Although the territory of [[Guam]] has no electoral votes, it began holding presidential elections in 1980. The Libertarian Party presidential candidate appeared on the ballot in Guam in every election from 1980 through 2012. Anderson and Fulani were also on the ballot in Guam.<ref>{{cite web|author=Guam Election Commission|url=https://gec.guam.gov/index.php/about-the-gec/reports-studies-publications|title=Reports, Studies & Publications|publisher=Gec.guam.gov|accessdate=June 21, 2018}}</ref>

The following is a table comparison of ballot status for the Libertarian Party presidential nominee from 1972 to 2020. In some instances the candidate appeared on the ballot as an independent.
{|class=wikitable
|-
!
!style="text-align:center;"|[[1972 United States presidential election|1972]]
!style="text-align:center;"|[[1976 United States presidential election|1976]]
!style="text-align:center;"|[[1980 United States presidential election|1980]]
!style="text-align:center;"|[[1984 United States presidential election|1984]]
!style="text-align:center;"|[[1988 United States presidential election|1988]]
!style="text-align:center;"|[[1992 United States presidential election|1992]]
!style="text-align:center;"|[[1996 United States presidential election|1996]]
!style="text-align:center;"|[[2000 United States presidential election|2000]]
!style="text-align:center;"|[[2004 United States presidential election|2004]]
!style="text-align:center;"|[[2008 United States presidential election|2008]]
!style="text-align:center;"|[[2012 United States presidential election|2012]]
!style="text-align:center;"|[[2016 United States presidential election|2016]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lp.org/news/press-releases/libertarian-party-clears-hurdles-for-ballot-access-in-ohio-new-york|title=Libertarian Party clears hurdles for ballot access in Ohio, New York|publisher=Libertarian Party|date=August 17, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=July 2016 Ballot Access News Print Edition – Ballot Access News |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/07/30/july-2016-ballot-access-news-print-edition |website=ballot-access.org |publisher=[[Richard Winger]]}}</ref>
!style="text-align:center;"|[[2020 United States presidential election|2020]]<ref name="Jorgensen 2020 ballot access">{{cite web|url=https://www.lp.org/lp-presidential-nominee-on-the-ballot-in-all-50-states-plus-dc/|title=LP Presidential Nominee On The Ballot in All 50 States Plus DC|website=Libertarian Party of the United States|last1=Johnston|first1=Bob|date=September 16, 2020|accessdate=October 2, 2020}}</ref>
|-
!States
|align=center|'''2'''
|align=center|'''32''' (and D.C.)
|align=center|'''50''' (and D.C.)
|align=center|'''38''' (and D.C.)
|align=center|'''46''' (and D.C.)
|align=center|'''50''' (and D.C.)
|align=center|'''50''' (and D.C.)
|align=center|'''50''' (and D.C.)
|align=center|'''48''' (and D.C.)
|align=center|'''45'''
|align=center|'''48''' (and D.C.)
|align=center|'''50''' (and D.C.)
|align=center|'''50''' (and D.C.)
|-
!Electoral votes
|align=center|'''16'''
|align=center|'''341'''
|align=center|'''538'''
|align=center|'''403'''
|align=center|'''496'''
|align=center|'''538'''
|align=center|'''538'''
|align=center|'''538'''
|align=center|'''527'''
|align=center|'''503'''
|align=center|'''514'''
|align=center|'''538'''
|align=center|'''538'''
|-
!% of population (EVs)
|align=center|'''-'''
|align=center|'''-'''
|align=center|'''100%''' (100%)
|align=center|'''-'''
|align=center|'''-'''
|align=center|'''100%''' (100%)
|align=center|'''100%''' (100%)
|align=center|'''100%''' (100%)
|align=center|'''-'''
|align=center|'''95%''' (93%)
|align=center|'''95%''' (96%)
|align=center|'''100%'''
|align=center|'''100%'''
{{thickborder}}
|[[Alabama]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Alaska]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Arizona]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Arkansas]]
| colspan="2" {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="11" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[California]]
| {{maybe|Write-in}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Colorado]]
| colspan="13" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Connecticut]]
| colspan="2" {{no|Not on ballot}}
| {{yes|On ballot}}
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="5" {{yes|On ballot}}
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="3" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Delaware]]
| colspan="2" {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="11" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Florida]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| {{maybe|Write-in}}
| {{yes|On ballot}}
| {{maybe|Write-in}}
| colspan="9" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| {{maybe|Write-in}}
| {{yes|On ballot}}
| {{maybe|Write-in}}
| colspan="9" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Hawaii]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Idaho]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="13" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Illinois]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Indiana]]
| colspan="2" {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="2" {{yes|On ballot}}
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="9" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Iowa]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Kansas]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Kentucky]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="2" {{yes|On ballot}}
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="9" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Louisiana]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="8" {{yes|On ballot}}
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="3" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Maine]]
| colspan="2" {{maybe|Write-in}}
| {{yes|On ballot}}
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="5" {{yes|On ballot}}
| {{maybe|Write-in}}
| colspan="3" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Maryland]]
| colspan="2" {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="11" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Massachusetts]]
| colspan="2" {{maybe|Write-in}}
| {{yes|On ballot}}
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="10" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Michigan]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="9" {{yes|On ballot}}
| {{maybe|Write-in}}
| colspan="2" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Minnesota]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Mississippi]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Missouri]]
| colspan="2" {{no|Not on ballot}}
| {{yes|On ballot}}
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| {{maybe|Write-in}}
| colspan="8" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Montana]]
| colspan="2" {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="11" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Nebraska]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Nevada]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[New Hampshire]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="8" {{yes|On ballot}}
| {{maybe|Write-in}}
| colspan="4" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[New Jersey]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[New Mexico]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[New York (state)|New York]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="13" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[North Carolina]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="3" {{yes|On ballot}}
| {{maybe|Write-in}}
| colspan="8" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[North Dakota]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Ohio]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Oklahoma]]
| colspan="2" {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="6" {{yes|On ballot}}
| colspan="3" {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="3" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Oregon]]
| colspan="2" {{no|Not on ballot}}
| {{yes|On ballot}}
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="9" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Pennsylvania]]
| colspan="2" {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Rhode Island]]
| {{maybe|Write-in}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[South Carolina]]
| colspan="2" {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="11" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[South Dakota]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="2" {{yes|On ballot}}
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="10" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Tennessee]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Texas]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| {{maybe|Write-in}}
| {{yes|On ballot}}
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="9" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Utah]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Vermont]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| {{maybe|Write-in}}
| colspan="11" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Virginia]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="2" {{yes|On ballot}}
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="10" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Washington (state)|Washington]]
| colspan="13" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[West Virginia]]
| colspan="2" {{no|Not on ballot}}
| {{yes|On ballot}}
| colspan="2" {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="4" {{yes|On ballot}}
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="3" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Wisconsin]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[Wyoming]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| {{maybe|Write-in}}
| colspan="12" {{yes|On ballot}}
|-
|[[District of Columbia]]
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="8" {{yes|On ballot}}
| {{no|Not on ballot}}
| colspan="4" {{yes|On ballot}}
|}

== Political positions ==
The Libertarian Party supports ''[[laissez-faire]]'' [[capitalism]] and the abolition of the modern [[welfare state]]. It adopts pro-[[civil liberties]] and pro-[[cultural liberalism|cultural liberal]] approaches to cultural and social issues. Paul H. Rubin, professor of law and economics at [[Emory University]], believes that while [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] generally seek to control economic activities and [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] generally seek to control consumption activities such as sexual behavior, abortion and so on, the Libertarian Party is the largest political party in the United States that advocates few or no regulations in what he deems "social" and "economic" issues.<ref>{{cite book |title = Darwinian politics: The Evolutionary Origin of Freedom |first = Paul H. |last = Rubin |year = 2002 |publisher = [[Rutgers University Press]] |isbn = 978-0-8135-3096-3 |page = 130 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qZ1mSn7BoLMC&pg=PA130 }}</ref>

=== Economic issues ===
The "poverty and welfare" issues page of the Libertarian Party's website says that it opposes [[Regulatory economics|regulation]] of capitalist [[Institutional economics|economic institutions]] and advocates dismantling the entirety of the welfare state: <blockquote>We should eliminate the entire social welfare system. This includes eliminating food stamps, subsidized housing, and all the rest. Individuals who are unable to fully support themselves and their families through the job market must, once again, learn to rely on supportive family, church, community, or private charity to bridge the gap.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url = https://www.lp.org/issues/poverty-and-welfare |title = Poverty and Welfare |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = May 17, 2016 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160504174949/http://www.lp.org/issues/poverty-and-welfare |archive-date = May 4, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}</ref></blockquote>According to the party platform: "The only proper role of government in the economic realm is to protect property rights, adjudicate disputes, and provide a legal framework in which voluntary trade is protected" (adopted May 2008).<ref name="lp">{{cite web|url=http://www.lp.org/issues/current-issues|title=Current Issues|publisher=Libertarian Party|accessdate=May 5, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507012119/http://www.lp.org/issues/current-issues|archive-date=May 7, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

The Libertarian Party believes [[Economic regulation#Criticism of economic regulation|government regulations]] in the form of [[minimum wage law]]s drive up the [[Minimum wage#Debate over consequences|cost of employing additional workers]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/issues/poverty-and-welfare |title = Poverty and Welfare |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = May 5, 2015 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150511125038/http://www.lp.org/issues/poverty-and-welfare |archive-date = May 11, 2015 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> That is why Libertarians favor loosening minimum wage laws so that overall [[Economy of the United States#Employment|unemployment rate]] can be reduced and low-wage workers, unskilled workers, [[Immigration to the United States|visa immigrants]] and those with limited education or job experience can find employment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ca.lp.org/lp20090420.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113063659/http://www.ca.lp.org/lp20090420.shtml|url-status=dead|title=Time to Tax Sacramento with Tough Love|archive-date=January 13, 2010}}</ref>

==== Education ====
The party supports ending the [[Education in the United States|public school system]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.lp.org/platform#2.9 |title = Platform|publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = July 29, 2016 }}</ref> The party's official platform states that education is best provided by the free market, achieving greater quality, accountability and efficiency with more diversity of [[school choice]]. Seeing the education of children as a parental responsibility, the party would give authority to parents to determine the education of their children at their expense without interference from government. This includes ending [[School corporal punishment in the United States|corporal punishment]] within [[State school|public schools]]. Libertarians have expressed that parents should have control of and responsibility for all funds expended for their children's education.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/platform |title = Platform|publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = January 29, 2016 }}</ref>

==== Environment ====
{{see also|Free-market environmentalism}}
The Libertarian Party supports a clean and healthy environment and sensible use of [[natural resources]], believing that private landowners and conservation groups have a vested interest in maintaining such natural resources.<ref name=platform /> The party has also expressed that "governments, unlike private businesses, are unaccountable for such damage done to the environment and have a terrible track record when it comes to environmental protection".<ref name="Platform">{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/platform |title = Platform|publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = May 5, 2015 }}</ref> The party contends that the environment is best protected when individual rights pertaining to natural resources are clearly defined and enforced. The party also contends that [[free market]]s and [[Property rights (economics)|property rights]] (implicitly without government intervention) will stimulate the technological innovations and behavioral changes required to protect the environment and ecosystem because environmental advocates and [[social pressure]] are the most effective means of changing public behavior.<ref name="Platform"/>

==== Fiscal policies ====
The Libertarian Party opposes all government intervention and regulation on wages, [[price]]s, [[Renting|rents]], [[Profit (accounting)|profits]], production and [[interest rate]]s and advocate the repeal of all laws banning or restricting the advertising of [[price]]s, products, or services. The party's recent platform calls for the repeal of the [[income tax]], the abolition of the [[Internal Revenue Service]] and all federal programs and services, such as the [[Federal Reserve System]]. The party supports the passage of a [[Balanced Budget Amendment]] to the Constitution which they believe will significantly lower the [[National debt of the United States|national debt]], provided that the budget is balanced preferably by cutting expenditures and not by raising taxes. Libertarians favor free-market banking, with unrestricted competition among banks and depository institutions of all types. The party also wants a halt to [[inflationary]] monetary policies and legal tender laws. While the party defends the right of individuals to form corporations, cooperatives and other types of companies, it opposes government [[subsidies]] to business, labor, or any other [[special interest]].<ref name="Platform" />

==== Healthcare ====
The Libertarian Party favors a [[Free-market healthcare|free market health care]] system without government oversight, approval, regulation, or licensing. The party states that it "recognizes the freedom of individuals to determine the level of health insurance they want, the level of health care they want, the care providers they want, the medicines and treatments they will use and all other aspects of their medical care, including end-of-life decisions". They support the repeal of all social insurance policies such as [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] and [[Medicaid]] and favor "consumer-driven health care".<ref>{{cite press release |url = https://www.lp.org/news/press-releases/libertarian-party-opposes-health-care-plan |date = March 19, 2010 |title = Libertarian Party opposes health care plan |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = August 2, 2016 }}</ref> The Libertarian Party has been advocating for Americans' ability to purchase health insurance across state lines.

==== Immigration and trade agreements ====
The Libertarian Party consistently lobbies for the removal of governmental impediments to free trade. This is because their platform states that "political freedom and escape from tyranny demand that individuals not be unreasonably constrained by government in the crossing of political boundaries".<ref name="lp.org">{{cite web |url = https://www.lp.org/platform |title = Platform|publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = May 5, 2015 }}</ref> To promote economic freedom, they demand the unrestricted movement of humans as well as financial capital across national borders. However, the party encourages blocking immigration of those with violent backgrounds or violent intent.<ref name="Immigration - Issues">{{cite web|title=Immigration|url=https://www.lp.org/issues/immigration/|website=Libertarian Party|accessdate=8 November 2017}}</ref>

==== Labor ====
The Libertarian Party supports the repeal of all laws which impede the ability of any person to find employment while opposing government-fostered/forced retirement and heavy interference in the [[collective bargaining|bargaining process]]. The party supports the right of free persons to associate or not associate in [[Trade union|labor unions]] and believes that employers should have the right to recognize or refuse to recognize a union.<ref name="Platform"/>

==== Retirement and Social Security ====
The party believes that retirement planning is the responsibility of the individual, not the government. Libertarians would phase out the current government-sponsored [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] system and transition to a [[Privatization|private]] voluntary system. The Libertarians feel that the proper and most effective source of help for the poor is the voluntary efforts of [[Charitable organization|private groups]] and individuals, believing members of society will become more charitable and civil society will be strengthened as government reduces its activity in that realm.<ref name="Platform" />

=== Social issues ===
The Libertarian Party supports the legalization of all [[victimless crimes]],<ref name="http://www.lp.org/platform">{{cite web|url=http://www.lp.org/platform|title=Platform | Libertarian Party|publisher=Libertarian Party|accessdate=January 29, 2016}}</ref> including [[Recreational drug use|drugs]],<ref name="Eagles Johnston">{{cite book|title=Politics: An Introduction to Modern Democratic Government|last1=Eagles|first1=Munroe|last2=Johnston|first2=Larry|year=2008|publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]]|isbn=978-1-55111-858-1|page=110|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uw9BHYRdtsAC&pg=PA110}}</ref><ref name="Libertarian struggle">{{cite news|first=Karin|last=Miller|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uOwjAAAAIBAJ&pg=6583,6407110&dq=prostitution+libertarian-party&hl=en|title=Libertarian struggle to be taken seriously in presidential race|work=[[Deseret News]]|agency=Associated Press|date=September 12–13, 1996}}</ref><ref name="Co-founder">{{cite news|first=Emma|last=Brown|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/23/AR2010112306604.html|title=Co-founder of national Libertarian Party|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=November 24, 2010}}</ref><ref name="GALLOWAY Libertarian">{{cite news|first=Angela|last=Galloway|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/default/article/For-Libertarians-winning-is-a-work-in-progress-1155744.php |title = For Libertarians, winning is a work in progress|work=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]|date=October 3, 2004}}</ref> [[Libertarian Party (United States)#Pornography|pornography]],<ref name="Eagles Johnston"/> [[Libertarian Party (United States)#Prostitution|prostitution]],<ref name="Eagles Johnston"/><ref name="Libertarian struggle"/><ref name="Co-founder"/><ref name="GALLOWAY Libertarian"/> [[polygamy]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.azlp.org/platform.php|publisher=Arizona Libertarian Party|title=Home|accessdate=May 5, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503140844/http://www.azlp.org/platform.php|archive-date=May 3, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref> and [[gambling]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Understanding American Government and Politics|first=Duncan|last=Watts|year=2006|publisher=[[Manchester University Press]]|isbn=978-0-7190-7327-4|page=246|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SIeIARfRc1AC&pg=RA2-PT124}}</ref> supports the removal of restrictions on [[Libertarian Party (United States)#LGBT issues|homosexuality]],<ref name="Co-founder"/> opposes any kind of [[censorship]] and supports [[freedom of speech]],<ref name="Freedom of Speech">{{cite web|url=http://www.lp.org/issues/freedom-of-speech|title=Freedom of Speech|publisher=Libertarian Party|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514110414/http://www.lp.org/issues/freedom-of-speech|archive-date=May 14, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref> and supports the [[right to keep and bear arms]]<ref name="Libertarian struggle"/> while opposing Federal capital punishment.<ref name="ontheissues.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.ontheissues.org/Celeb/Libertarian_Party_Crime.htm|title=Libertarian Party on Crime|work=OnTheIssues.org|accessdate=January 29, 2016}}</ref> The Libertarian Party's platform states: "Government does not have the authority to define, license or restrict [[personal relationship]]s. Consenting adults should be free to choose their own sexual practices and personal relationships".<ref name="Platform"/>

[[File:LP-Prochoice-Rally-DC-11-12-1989.jpg|thumb|A Libertarian banner at an abortion rights rally]]

==== Abortion ====
{{see also|Libertarian perspectives on abortion}}
The official Libertarian party platform states: "Recognizing that abortion is a sensitive issue and that people can hold good-faith views on all sides, we believe that government should be kept out of the matter, leaving the question to each person for their conscientious consideration".<ref name="abortion1.4"/> Libertarians have very different opinions on the issue, just like in the general public. Some, like the group [[Libertarians for Life]], consider abortion to be an act of aggression against a baby, therefore necessitating government intervention to prevent it. Others, like the group Pro-Choice Libertarians, consider denying a woman the right to choose abortion to be an act of aggression from the government against her.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pro-choicelibertarians.net/|title=Pro-Choice Libertarians|accessdate=July 12, 2012}}</ref> The party has nominated both Pro-Life and Pro-Choice candidates and does not take a strong stance on the issue in general.

==== Crime and capital punishment ====
{{see also|Libertarian perspectives on capital punishment}}
Shortly before the [[2000 United States presidential election|2000 elections]], the party released a "Libertarian Party Program on Crime" in which they criticize the failures of a recently proposed Omnibus Crime Bill, especially detailing how it expands the list of [[capital crime]]s.<ref name="ontheissues.org"/> Denouncing Federal executions, they also describe how the party would increase and safeguard the [[rights of the accused]] in legal settings as well as limit the use of [[excessive force]] by police. Instead, criminal laws would be reduced to violations of the rights of others through either force or fraud with maximum [[restitution]] given to victims of the criminals or negligent persons.<ref name="lp.org"/> In 2016, the party expanded their platform to officially support the repeal of capital punishment.<ref name="http://www.lp.org/platform#1.8">[http://www.lp.org/platform#1.8 "2016 platform"].</ref>

==== Freedom of speech and censorship ====
The Libertarian Party supports unrestricted freedom of speech and is opposed to any kind of [[censorship]]. The party describes the issue in its website: "We defend the rights of individuals to unrestricted freedom of speech, [[freedom of the press]] and the right of individuals to [[dissent]] from government itself. [...] We oppose any abridgment of the freedom of speech through government censorship, regulation or control of communications media". The party claims it is the only political party in the United States "with an explicit stand against censorship of computer communications in its platform".<ref name="Freedom of Speech"/>

==== Government reform ====
The Libertarian Party favors election systems that are more representative of the [[Electoral district|electorate]] at the [[United States federal government|federal]], state and [[local government|local]] levels. The party platform calls for an end to any tax-financed subsidies to candidates or parties and the repeal of all laws which restrict voluntary financing of election campaigns. As a [[minor party]], it opposes laws that effectively exclude alternative candidates and parties, deny [[ballot access]], [[gerrymander]] districts, or deny the voters their right to consider all legitimate alternatives. Libertarians also promote the use of [[direct democracy]] through the [[referendum]] and [[recall election|recall]] processes.<ref name="auto"/>

==== LGBT issues ====
The Libertarian Party advocates repealing all laws that control or prohibit homosexuality.<ref name=calp>{{Cite web|url=http://ca.lp.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Platform-of-the-Libertarian-Party-of-California-as-amended-in-Convention-March-3-2012.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403014848/http://ca.lp.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Platform-of-the-Libertarian-Party-of-California-as-amended-in-Convention-March-3-2012.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Platform of the Libertarian Party of California as amended in Convention March 3, 2012|archive-date=April 3, 2015}}</ref> According to the Libertarian Party's platform: "Sexual orientation, preference, gender, or gender identity should have no impact on the government's treatment of individuals, such as in current marriage, child custody, adoption, immigration or military service laws".<ref name=Platform/>

Gay activist Richard Sincere has pointed to the longstanding support of gay rights by the party, which has supported [[same-sex marriage]] since its first platform was drafted in 1972 (40 years before the Democratic Party adopted same-sex marriage into their platform in 2012). Many LGBT political candidates have run for office on the Libertarian Party ticket<ref>{{cite news|first=John|last=Gallagher|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KGQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT46|title=It's my party|work=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]|date=October 29, 1996}}</ref> and there have been numerous LGBT caucuses in the party, with the most active in recent years being the Outright Libertarians. With regard to [[non-discrimination law]]s protecting LGBT people, the party is more divided, with some Libertarians supporting such laws, and others opposing them on the grounds that they violate [[freedom of association]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://fee.org/articles/freedom-of-association-is-no-excuse-to-target-gays/ | title=Freedom of Association is No Excuse to Target Gays | Casey Given| date=March 4, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.cato.org/blog/against-enda |title = Against ENDA|date = November 2013}}</ref>

In 2009, the [[Libertarian Party of Washington]] encouraged voters to approve [[Washington Referendum 71 (2009)|Washington Referendum 71]] that extended [[LGBT rights in the United States|LGBT relationship rights]]. According to the party, withholding [[Domestic partnership in the United States|domestic partnership]] rights from [[same-sex couple]]s is a violation of the [[Equal Protection Clause]] of the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]].<ref>Christopher Mangum, [http://www.advocate.com/printArticle.aspx?id=100523 Libertarians Endorse R-71] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919032631/http://www.advocate.com/printArticle.aspx?id=100523|date=September 19, 2011}}, ''[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]'', October 21, 2009.</ref> In September 2010, in the light of the failure to repeal the "[[Don't Ask, Don't Tell]]" policy (which banned openly gay people from serving in the military) during the [[Obama administration]], the Libertarian Party urged gay voters to stop supporting the Democratic Party and vote Libertarian instead.<ref>{{cite news|first=Julie|last=Bolcer|url=http://advocate.com/News/Daily_News/2010/09/24/Libertarians_to_Gays_We_Want_You/|title=Libertarians to Gays: We Want You|work=The Advocate|date=September 24, 2010}}</ref> The policy was repealed at the end of 2010.<ref>{{cite news|first=Sheryl Gay|last=Stolberg|title=With Obama's Signature, 'Don't Ask' Is Repealed|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 22, 2010|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/23/us/politics/23military.html|accessdate=December 22, 2010}}</ref>

==== Pornography and prostitution ====
The Libertarian Party views attempts by government to control [[obscenity]] or [[pornography]] as "an abridgment of liberty of expression"<ref name="Freedom of Speech"/> and opposes any government intervention to regulate it. According to former Libertarian National Committee chairman [[Mark Hinkle]], "Federal anti-[[obscenity]] laws are unconstitutional in two ways. First, because the Constitution does not grant Congress any power to regulate or criminalize obscenity, and second, because the First Amendment guarantees the right of [[free speech]]".<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.lp.org/news/press-releases/ridiculous-pornography-trial-violates-constitution|title=Ridiculous pornography trial violates Constitution|publisher=Libertarian Party|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref> This also means that the party supports the legalization of prostitution.<ref name="Eagles Johnston"/><ref name="Libertarian struggle"/><ref name="Co-founder"/><ref name="GALLOWAY Libertarian"/> Many men and women<ref name="Ex call-girl">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2JFdAAAAIBAJ&pg=6766,3289732&dq=prostitution+libertarian-party&hl=en|title=Ex-call girl seeks 'legal prostitution' job|work=The Telegraph-Herald|date=July 20, 1986}}{{full citation needed|date=August 2016}}</ref><ref name="Minor Party">{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/1084251322.html?dids=1084251322:1084251322&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Oct+13%2C+1986&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Bully+for+Minor+Party+Candidates&pqatl=google|title=Bully for Minor Party Candidates|last= Stall|first= Bill|page= B5|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=October 13, 1986|quote=There is Norma Jean Almodovar, the former Los Angeles prostitute running on the Libertarian Party ticket.}}</ref><ref name=Salon>{{cite news|url=http://www.salon.com/life/broadsheet/feature/2008/10/31/prop_k|title=Prostitutes before pimps|work=[[Salon.com|Salon]]|quote=After the meeting, Liu got into a friendly debate with Starchild—this is the Bay Area, folks!—a well-known sex worker and outreach director for the local Libertarian Party.}}</ref><ref name="Candidate fights">{{cite news|url=http://www.ebar.com/news/article.php?sec=news&article=1120|title=Candidate fights solicitation charge|work=[[Bay Area Reporter]]|quote=A member of the Libertarian Party and an activist for sex worker rights, Starchild has lashed out at the Fremont Police Department…}}</ref> with backgrounds in prostitution and activists for [[sex workers' rights]], such as [[Norma Jean Almodovar]]<ref name="Ex call-girl"/><ref name="Minor Party"/> and Starchild,<ref name=Salon/><ref name="Candidate fights"/> have run for office on the Libertarian Party ticket or are active members of the party. Norma Jean Almodovar, a former officer with the Los Angeles Police Department and former [[call girl]] who authored the book ''From Cop to Call Girl'' about her experiences, ran on the Libertarian Party ticket for California lieutenant governor in 1986 and was actively supported by the party. [[Mark Hinkle]] described her as being the most able "of any Libertarian" "to generate publicity".<ref name="Ex call-girl"/> The [[Massachusetts Libertarian Party]] was one of the few organizations to support a 1980s campaign to repeal prostitution laws.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jWE0AAAAIBAJ&pg=4871,3000823&dq=prostitution+libertarian-party&hl=en|title=Group begins campaign to repeal prostitution laws|work=[[Bangor Daily News]]|date=October 6, 1983}}</ref>

==== Second and Fourth Amendment rights ====
The Libertarian Party affirms an individual's right recognized by the [[Second Amendment to the United States Constitution|Second Amendment]] to keep and bear arms and opposes the prosecution of individuals for exercising their rights of [[self-defense]]. The party opposes laws at any level of government requiring registration of or restricting the ownership, manufacture, or transfer or sale of [[firearms]] or [[ammunition]].<ref name="Platform"/> The Libertarian Party has also shown support in the past for the abolition of the [[Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau]] and support for [[Constitutional carry]].<ref>[https://www.ontheissues.org/Archive/2000_Libertarian_Gun_Control.htm "National Platform of the Libertarian Party" (2000)].Libertarian Party. July 2, 2020. Retrieved Sept 8 2020.</ref><ref>https://www.ontheissues.org/Archive/2000_Libertarian_Gun_Control.htm</ref>

The party also affirms an individual's right to privacy through reforms that would give back rights of the [[Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourth Amendment]] of the United States of America's Bill of Rights to the citizens.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lp.org/issues/civil-liberties/|title=Civil Liberties {{!}} Libertarian Party|work=Libertarian Party|access-date=2018-10-05|language=en-US}}</ref> Often this coincides with a citizen's right against covert surveillance by the government of their privacy.<ref>{{Cite news|title=What Snowden Started.|last=McManus|first=Doyle|date=December 18, 2013|work=New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lp.org/blogs-staff-libertarian-party-defending-the-fourth-amendment-for-42-years/|title=Libertarian Party: Defending the Fourth Amendment for 42 years {{!}} Libertarian Party|date=2013-07-03|work=Libertarian Party|access-date=2018-10-05|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Foreign policy issues ===
Libertarians generally prefer an attitude of mutual respect between all nations.{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} Libertarians believe that free trade engenders positive international relationships. Libertarian candidates have promised to cut [[foreign aid]] and withdraw American troops from the Middle East and other areas throughout the world.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/issues/foreign-policy |title = Foreign Policy |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = May 5, 2015 }}</ref>

The Libertarian Party opposed the [[2011 military intervention in Libya]] and LP Chair [[Mark Hinkle]] in a statement described the position of the Libertarian Party: "President Obama's decision to order military attacks on Libya is only surprising to those who actually think he deserved the Nobel Peace Prize. He has now ordered bombing strikes in six different countries, adding Libya to Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Somalia, and Yemen."<ref>[[Press release]] (March 20, 2011). [http://www.lp.org/news/press-releases/they-hate-us-because-we-bomb-them-says-libertarian-chair "They Hate Us Because We Bomb Them, Says Libertarian Chair"]. Libertarian Party. Retrieved April 23, 2011.</ref><ref>Devine, James J.; essay (March 25, 2011). [http://njtoday.net/2011/03/25/voice-of-the-people-this-used-to-be-a-free-country/ "Voice of the People: This Used To Be a Free Country"]. Njtoday.net. Retrieved April 23, 2011.</ref>

==== Political status of Puerto Rico ====
While the Libertarian Party has not taken an official stance on the political status of [[Puerto Rico]], it did publish an article in which Bruce Majors – the party's [[United States House of Representatives elections, 2012|2012 candidate]] for the [[District of Columbia's at-large congressional district]] [[Delegate (United States Congress)|delegate]] election – expressed support to "put a [[referendum]] on the [[ballot]]" and "let residents decide whether they would like to be a state" and thereby give residents of Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico greater control over their level of [[Taxation in the United States|taxation]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/blogs/staff/uphill-battle-for-libertarian-in-dc-but-reward-is-possible |title = Uphill Battle for Libertarian in DC, But Reward Is Possible |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = May 5, 2015 |date = October 21, 2012 }}</ref>

== Internal debates ==
{{more citations needed section|date=November 2016}}
{{main|Factions in the Libertarian Party (United States)}}

=== "Radicalism" vs. "pragmatism" debate ===
A longstanding debate within the party is one referred to by libertarians as the [[Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism|anarchist–minarchist debate]]. In 1974, [[Anarcho-capitalism|anarchists]] and [[Minarchism|minarchists]] within the party agreed to officially take no position on whether or not government should exist at all and to not advocate either particular view. This agreement has become known as the [[Dallas Accord]], having taken place at the party's convention that year in [[Dallas, Texas]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BOrT8tMMS5AC|title=Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement|author=Doherty, Brian|publisher=[[PublicAffairs]]|date=April 28, 2009|chapter=Libertarian Zionism, the Koch Bubble, and America's Third Largest Political Party|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BOrT8tMMS5AC&q=%22libertarian+party%22+%22dallas+accord%22+%22national+convention%22&pg=PT375|author-link=Brian Doherty (journalist)|isbn=9780786731886}}</ref>

Libertarian members often cite the departure of [[Ed Crane (political activist)|Ed Crane]] (of the [[Cato Institute]], a libertarian [[think tank]]) as a key turning point in the early party history.<ref name="lr1981">{{cite news |last = Rothbard |first = Murray |author-link = Murray Rothbard |title = It Usually Ends With Ed Crane |url = https://www.lewrockwell.com/1970/01/murray-n-rothbard/it-usually-ends-with-ed-crane/ |access-date = October 11, 2013 |work = LewRockwell.com |date = January–April 1981 }}</ref> Crane (who in the 1970s had been the party's first Executive Director) and some of his allies resigned from the party in 1983 when their preferred candidates for national committee seats lost in the elections at the national convention. Others like [[Mary Ruwart]] say that despite this apparent victory of those favoring radicalism, the party has for decades been slowly moving away from those ideals.<ref name="librep2008">{{cite news |last = Dondero |first = Eric |title = Mary Ruwart set to announce for Libertarian Presidential race today: Controversy swirling over her past support for worst LP Prez campaign ever |url = http://www.libertarianrepublican.net/2008/03/mary-ruwart-set-to-announce-for.html |access-date = October 11, 2013 |work = Libertarian Republican |date = March 21, 2008 }}</ref>

In the mid-2000s, groups such as the Libertarian Party Reform Caucus generally advocated revising the party's platform, eliminating or altering the membership statement and focusing on a politics-oriented approach aimed at presenting libertarianism to voters in what they deemed a "less threatening" manner.<ref name="lr7-7-2006">{{cite news |last = Samuels |first = L.K. |title = Evicting Libertarian Party Principles: The Portland Purge |url = http://archive.lewrockwell.com/2006/07/lk-samuels/evicting-libertarian-party-principles-theportlandpurge |access-date = October 11, 2013 |work = LewRockwell.com |date = July 7, 2006 }}</ref> [[LPRadicals]] emerged in response and was active at the [[2008 Libertarian National Convention|2008]] and [[2010 Libertarian National Convention|2010]] [[Libertarian National Convention]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lpradicals.org/pages/home/key-points.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101102015759/http://www.lpradicals.org/pages/home/key-points.php|url-status=dead|title=LP Radicals Key points on LPRadicals.org|archive-date=November 2, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first = Alexander |last = Zaitchik |url = http://www.alternet.org/election08/86514/Is |title = Bob Barr the Ralph Nader of 2008? |work = [[Alternet.org]] |date = May 27, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first = Tom |last = Knapp |url = http://knappster.blogspot.com/2010/01/reasons-for-radicals-to-return-to.html |title = Reasons for Radicals (to return to the Libertarian Party) |date = January 5, 2010 |postscript = ; }} {{cite web |url = http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com/2010/06/knppster-on-libertarian-national-convention/#more-16361 |title = Kn@ppster on Libertarian National Convention |work = Independent Political Report |date = June 4, 2010 }}</ref> In its most recent incarnation, the Libertarian Party Radical Caucus was founded with the stated goal to "support the re-radicalization of the LP."<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lpradicalcaucus.org |title = Libertarian Party Radical Caucus |access-date = September 23, 2016 }}</ref>

At the [[2016 Libertarian National Convention]], the Radical Caucus endorsed Darryl W. Perry for President and Will Coley for Vice President, who respectively won 7% and 10% of the vote on the first ballot, both taking fourth place.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.c-span.org/video/?409917-1/libertarian-party-selects-gary-johnson-2016-nominee&live= |title = Libertarian Party Selects Gary Johnson to be 2016 Nominee |publisher = C-SPAN |access-date = July 29, 2016 }}</ref> Though not explicitly organized as such, most self-identified pragmatists or moderates supported the nomination of [[Gary Johnson]] for president and [[Bill Weld]] for vice president.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://reason.com/archives/2016/07/10/the-libertarian-party-moment |title = The Libertarian Party Moment |date = July 10, 2016 |work = Reason |access-date = July 29, 2016 }}</ref> Johnson and Weld were both nominated on the second ballot with a narrow majority after having both placed just shy of the required 50% on the first ballots. After the convention, the Libertarian Pragmatist Caucus ("LPC") was founded and organized with the goal "[t]o promote realistic, pragmatic, and practical libertarian candidates and solutions."<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.lpcaucus.org/ |title = Libertarian Pragmatist Caucus}}</ref> LPC supported Nicholas Sarwark in his successful bid for re-election as Chair of the party's national committee at the 2018 convention in New Orleans.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://reason.com/blog/2018/07/04/libertarian-party-rebuffs-mises-uprising |title = Libertarian Party Rebuffs Mises Uprising – Hit & Run|date = July 4, 2018}}</ref>

=== Platform revision ===
In 1999, a working group of leading Libertarian Party activists proposed to reformat and retire the platform to serve as a guide for legislative projects (its main purpose to that point) and create a series of custom platforms on current issues for different purposes, including the needs of the growing number of Libertarians in office. The proposal was incorporated in a new party-wide strategic plan and a joint platform-program committee proposed a reformatted project platform that isolated talking points on issues, principles and solutions as well as an array of projects for adaptation. This platform, along with a short Summary for talking points, was approved in 2004. Confusion arose when prior to the 2006 convention there was a push to repeal or substantially rewrite the Platform, at the center of which were groups such as the Libertarian Reform Caucus.<ref>"[http://www.reformthelp.org/ Victory in Portland! Libertarian Reform Caucus]"</ref> Their agenda was partially successful in that the current platform was much shortened (going from 61 to 15 planks – 11 new planks and 4 retained from the old platform) over the previous one.<ref name="platform2006">[http://www.lp.org/issues/platform_all.shtml National Platform of the Libertarian Party] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528182629/http://www.lp.org/issues/platform_all.shtml |date=May 28, 2008 }}, Official Website of the Libertarian National Committee. Retrieved on July 25, 2006</ref>

Members differ as to the reasons why the changes were relatively more drastic than any platform actions at previous conventions. Some delegates voted for changes so the party could appeal to a wider audience, while others simply thought the entire document needed an overhaul. It was also pointed out that the text of the existing platform was not provided to the delegates, making many reluctant to vote to retain the planks when the existing language was not provided for review.<ref>"[http://www.libertyforall.net/?p=6 Portland and the LP Platform: The Perfect Storm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312201243/http://www.libertyforall.net/?p=6 |date=March 12, 2007 }}", a review by George Squyres, Platform Committee chairman. Retrieved on November 2, 2006.</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=March 2009}}

Not all party members approved of the changes, some believing them to be a setback to libertarianism<ref>"[http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rockwell/lp-turkish-delight.html The LP's Turkish Delight] by [[Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr.]]".</ref> and an abandonment of what they see as the most important purpose of the Libertarian Party.<ref>L.K. Samuels, [http://archive.lewrockwell.com/orig7/samuels1.html Evicting Libertarian Party Principles: The Portland Purge], [[LewRockwell.com]], July 7, 2006.</ref>

At the 2008 Libertarian National Convention, the changes went even further with the approval of an entirely revamped platform.<ref name="lp-platform2008">{{cite web|url=http://www.lp.org/platform|title=National Platform of the Libertarian Party (2008)|publisher=Libertarian Party|date=May 2008|accessdate=October 11, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003074345/http://www.lp.org/platform|archive-date=October 3, 2013}}</ref> Much of the new platform recycles language from pre-millennial platforms.<ref name="lp-platform1996">{{cite web|url=http://www.lp.org/platform/|title=1996 National Platform of the Libertarian Party|publisher=Libertarian Party|date=July 1996|accessdate=October 11, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003074345/http://www.lp.org/platform|archive-date=October 3, 2013}}</ref> While the planks were renamed, most address ideas found in earlier platforms and run no longer than three to four sentences.<ref name="lp-platform2008"/>

== State and territorial parties ==
{{main|List of state parties of the Libertarian Party (United States)}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
* [[Libertarian Party of Alabama]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Alaska]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Arizona]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Arkansas]]
* [[Libertarian Party of California]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Colorado]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Connecticut]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Delaware]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Florida]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Georgia]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Hawaii]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Idaho]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Illinois]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Indiana]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Iowa]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Kansas]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Kentucky]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Louisiana]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Maine]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Maryland]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Massachusetts]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Michigan]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Minnesota]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Mississippi]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Missouri]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Montana]]
{{col-2}}
* [[Libertarian Party of Nebraska]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Nevada]]
* [[Libertarian Party of New Hampshire]]
* [[Libertarian Party of New Jersey]]
* [[Libertarian Party of New Mexico]]
* [[Libertarian Party of New York]]
* [[Libertarian Party of North Carolina]]
* [[Libertarian Party of North Dakota]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Ohio]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Oklahoma]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Oregon]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Pennsylvania]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Rhode Island]]
* [[Libertarian Party of South Carolina]]
* [[Libertarian Party of South Dakota]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Tennessee]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Texas]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Utah]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Vermont]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Virginia]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Washington]]
* [[Libertarian Party of West Virginia]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Wisconsin]]
* [[Wyoming Libertarian Party|Libertarian Party of Wyoming]]
* [[Libertarian Party of the District of Columbia]]
{{col-end}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Libertarianism}}
* [[Factions in the Libertarian Party (United States)]]
* [[Libertarianism in the United States]]
* [[Libertarian National Committee]]
* [[Libertarian National Convention]]
* [[List of libertarian organizations]]
* [[List of libertarian political parties]]
* [[List of libertarians in the United States]]
* [[List of political parties in the United States]]
* [[List of state parties of the Libertarian Party (United States)]]
* [[Political party strength in U.S. states]]
* [[Third party (United States)|Third parties in the United States]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|title=Left, Right, Out: The History of Third Parties in America|last=Epstein|first=David A.|publisher=Arts and Letters Imperium Publications|year=2012|isbn=978-0-578-10654-0}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa580.pdf|title=The Libertarian Vote|last2= Kirby|first2=David|date=October 18, 2006|publisher=[[Cato Institute]]|author-link=David Boaz|first1=David|last1=Boaz|work=Policy Analysis}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa658.pdf|title=The Libertarian Vote in the Age of Obama|last2=Boaz|first2=David|date=January 21, 2010|series=Policy Analysis|first1=David|last1=Kirby|work=Cato Institute}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Libertarian Party (United States)}}
*{{Official Website}}
* {{curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Society_and_Culture/Politics/Parties/Libertarian|Libertarian (party)}}
* [http://www.lpedia.org/Libertarian_Party_platform Libertarian Party Platform Archive]

{{Libertarian Party (United States)}}
{{United States political parties}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Libertarian Party (United States)}}
[[Category:Libertarian Party (United States)| ]]
[[Category:Libertarian parties in the United States]]
[[Category:Non-interventionist parties]]
[[Category:Organizations that support same-sex marriage]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1971]]
[[Category:Political parties in the United States]]

Volga–Don Canal

2020-07-09T16:47:58Z

Luch4: /* Operation */

{{short description|Canal in Russia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2012}}
{{Infobox canal
|name = Volga–Don Canal
|image = Volga-Don_Canal_-a.jpg
|image_caption = Volga–Don Canal in October 2009
|former_names =
|modern_name =
|original_owner =
|engineer =
|other_engineer =
|date_act =
|date_began = 1948
|date_use = 1 June 1952
|date_completed = 1952
|date_extended =
|date_closed =
|date_restored =
|length_mi= 63<ref>Сроки работы шлюзов (Lock operation periods), from the site of the Russian Shipping Companies' Association {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
|max_boat_length= {{convert|141|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=Egorov>{{Cite book |last1=Egorov |first1=E. V. |author2=I. A. Ilnytskyi |author3=V. I. Tonyuk |chapter=Dimensional Line-up of River-sea Navigational Tankers |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pcB5CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA518&lpg=PA518&dq=%22Volgo%E2%80%93Don+Max+Class%22#v=twopage&q=%22Volgo%E2%80%93Don%20Max%20Class%22&f=false |editor1-last=Guedes Soares |editor1-first=Carlos |editor2=Roko Dejhalla, Dusko Pavletic |year=2015 |title=Towards Green Marine Technology and Transport |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pcB5CgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=twopage&q&f=false |location=Boca Raton, Fla., US |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781315643496 |page=518 |access-date=19 May 2020}}</ref>
|original_boat_length_ft =
|original_boat_length_in =
|len_note =
|max_boat_beam = {{convert|16.8|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=Egorov/>
|max_boat_draft = {{convert|3.6|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=Egorov/>
|original_beam_ft =
|original_beam_in =
|beam_note =
|start_point = [[Volgograd]], [[Russia]]
|original_start =
|start_note =
|end_point = [[Tsimlyansk Reservoir]], near [[Volgodonsk]], [[Russia]]
|original_end =
|end_note =
|begin_coord = {{Coord|48.664591|43.7917066|region:RU_type:waterbody}}
|end_coord = {{Coord|48.523552|44.551892|region:RU_type:waterbody}}
|branch =
|branch_of =
|connects_to =
|locks = 13<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica">{{cite web | title=Volga-Don Canal - canal, Russia | website=Encyclopedia Britannica | url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Volga-Don-Canal | access-date=April 20, 2018}}</ref>
|original_num_locks =
|lock_note =
|elev_ft = 144
|elev_note =
|status = Open
|navigation_authority =
|map = [[File:Volga–Don_Canal.jpg|250px|center|Route map|center|Volga–Don Canal map]]
}}

'''Lenin Volga–Don Shipping Canal''' ([[Russian language|Russian]]:Волго-Донской судоходный канал имени, ''В. И. Ленина, Volga-Donskoy soudokhodniy kanal imeni V. I. Lenina'', abbreviated ВДСК, ''VDSK'') is a [[canal]] that connects the [[Volga River]] and the [[Don River, Russia|Don River]] at their closest points. Opened in 1952, the length of the waterway is {{convert|101|km|abbr=on}}, {{convert|45|km|abbr=on}} of which is through [[river]]s and [[reservoir (water)|reservoirs]].

The canal forms a part of the [[Unified Deep Water System of European Russia]]. Together with the lower Volga and the lower Don, the Volga–Don Canal provides the most direct navigable connection between the [[Caspian Sea]] and the world's oceans via the [[Sea of Azov]] and the [[Black Sea]].

==History==
{{See also|Don–Volga-Portage}}
There has been a trade and military route between the [[Volga]] and [[Don River|Don]] rivers from early human history. The existence of [[Tanais]] in the Don River delta, which dates backs the [[Bosporan Kingdom]] in c. 438 BC – c. 370 AD, indicates that this route may have existed for more than two thousand years. The [[Sarkel]] fortress, located in the left bank of the lower Don River, controlled this [[Volga trade route]].<ref> Elhaik E(2020)Diverse genetic origins of medieval steppe nomad conquerors – a response to Mikheyev et al(2019). </ref> Both [[Sarkel]] and [[Tanais]] were located on this trade route.

{{Multiple image
| align = center
| direction = horizontal
| width =
| image1 = Varangian_routes.png
| width1 = 288
| alt1 =
| caption1 = [[Sarkel]] and [[Tanais]] on the [[Volga trade route]]
| image2 = Sarkel.jpg
| width2 = 276
| alt2 =
| caption2 = [[Sarkel]] fortress
| total_width =
}}
The Don–Volga Portage got its name from its trade importance 1000 years ago<ref>https://www.ca-c.org/c-g/2009/journal_eng/c-g-1/14.shtml</ref>.

In 1569, the [[Ottoman Empire]] attempted to connect the Volga and Don rivers via a canal. The Ottomans wanted to create a maritime link to [[Central Asia]] (especially the cities of [[Bukhara]], [[Khwarazm]] and [[Samarkand]]) to facilitate trade.<ref name=Sokollu/> Together with a proposed [[Suez canal]], the Volga-Don canal would also allow [[Islam in Central Asia|Central Asian Muslims]] to perform [[Hajj|pilgrimage to Mecca]].<ref name=Sokollu>{{cite book|title=The Ottoman Age of Exploration|author=Giancarlo Casale|page=135-7}}</ref> According to most historians, the Ottomans managed to dig one-third of the canal,<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Halil İnalcık]]|title=The Origin of the Ottoman-Russian Rivalry|page=79-80}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Sediments of Time: Environment and Society in Chinese History|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=tAxmcRXKpaUC&pg=PA33&lpg=PA33&dq=ottoman+volga+don+canal+%22third%22&source=bl&ots=yFKg-q81Sn&sig=ACfU3U17SKjv2QPHEZ-vxK8nPvsqA9fLEg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIk5_wpe7pAhUsoXIEHc16Br8Q6AEwBXoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=ottoman%20volga%20don%20canal%20%22third%22&f=false|page=33|quote=The project was abandoned when one-third complete}}</ref> before work was abandoned due to adverse weather.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650: The Structure of Power|author=Colin Imber|page=44}}</ref> Other historians argue that the Ottomans merely leveled the ground so they could haul ships between the two rivers.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Turkish Expedition to Astrakhan' in 1569 and the Problem of the Don-Volga Canal|author=A. N. Kurat}}</ref> In the end, the Ottomans retreated from the area and Russia promised to respect trade and pilgrimage routes to Central Asia.<ref name=Sokollu/>

The first Russian attempts to connect the Volga and Don rivers were made by [[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]].<ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/where-is-the-volga-don-canal.html</ref> After capturing [[Azov]] in 1696, he decided to build a canal, but due to a lack of resources and other problems, this attempt was abandoned in 1701. He initiated a second attempt (the so-called [[Ivanovsky Canal]] at [[Yepifan]]) under the administration of [[Knyaz]] [[Matvey Gagarin]], however this canal was too shallow, as it was located in the upper course of both the Don and Volga rivers and their tributaries; [[Ilovlya River]] (a left tributary of the Don) and [[Kamyshinka river]] (right tributary of the Volga).<ref>Ilovlya (river in the RSFSR) // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.</ref><ref>Minh A. N. Historical and Geographical Dictionary of the Saratov Province / Comp. A.N. Minh. - Saratov, 1898-1902. - 5 t. - App. To the Works of the Saratov Scientific Archival Commission. - S. 383</ref> Compared to the current Volga–Don Canal it was much shorter, with the distance between this two rivers being 4 kilometers (2.5 mi). Between 1702 and 1707, twenty-four [[ship lock|lock]]s were constructed, and in 1707, about 300 ships passed the canal under difficult navigation conditions. This canal was named Petrov Val, after the city [[Petrov Val]], in honor of [[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]]<ref>https://vetert.ru/rossiya/volgogradskaya-oblast/sights/232-gorod-petrov-val.php</ref>. In 1709 due to financial difficulties caused by the [[Great Northern War]], the project was halted.
{{Multiple image
| align = center
| direction = horizontal
| width =
| image1 = Petrov_Val_canal.jpg
| width1 = 272
| alt1 =
| caption1 = Petrov Val canal
| image2 = Scheme_of_Tanais_fortifications.jpg
| width2 = 253
| alt2 =
| caption2 = Scheme of Tanais fortifications
}}
In 1711, under the terms of the [[Treaty of the Pruth]], Russia left Azov and Peter the Great lost all interest in the canal, which was abandoned and fell into ruin.<ref name="Сервер для туристов и путешественников Скиталец. Информационный сервер обо всех видах туризма">{{cite web | script-title=ru:Плечко Л.А.: Старинные водные пути | website=Сервер для туристов и путешественников Скиталец. Информационный сервер обо всех видах туризма | url=http://www.skitalets.ru/books/star_puti/index.htm | language=ru | access-date=April 20, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Словари и энциклопедии на Академике">{{cite web | script-title=ru:это... Что такое Ивановский канал? | website=Словари и энциклопедии на Академике | url=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/brokgauz_efron/43688/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9 | language=ru | access-date=April 20, 2018}}</ref> Over time, other projects for connecting the two rivers were proposed, but none were attempted. However, [[Dubovsko-Kachalinsky railway]], which was horse-drawn railway and [[Volga–Don railway]], which is now part of the [[South Eastern Railway (Russia)|South Eastern Railway]] were built in 1846 and 1852 respectively in order link the Volga and the Don at the shortest distance.<ref>Skolkov G.S. Tsaritsyn-Stalingrad in the past . - Stalingrad: Edition of the Stalingrad island of local history, 1928. - T. The first essay, 1589-1862.</ref> They were 68km and 73km long respectively.<ref>Collection of freight surface distances of Russian railways / Comp. I.F.Sauer. - St. Petersburg: Br. Panteleev, 1893. - S. 10. - 114 p.</ref><ref>Minh A.N. Dubovsko-Kachalinskaya railway // Historical and geographical dictionary of the Saratov province. - Saratov: Printing house of the provincial zemstvo, 1898. - T. 1, issue 2. - S. 276-277.</ref>
{{Multiple image
| align = center
| direction = horizontal
| width =
| image1 = Tsaritsyn_016.jpeg
| width1 = 325
| alt1 =
| caption1 = [[:ru:Волго-Донская_железная_дорога|Volga–Don Railway]]
| image2 = P70826-125649.jpg
| width2 = 269
| alt2 =
| caption2 = The remain of [[:ru:Дубовско-Качалинская_железная_дорога|Dubovsko-Kachalinsky Railway]]
| total_width =
}}

The construction of today's Volga–Don Canal, designed by [[Sergey Yakovlevich Zhuk|Sergey Zhuk]]'s [[Hydroproject]] Institute, began prior to the [[Second World War]], which interrupted the process. Construction works continued from 1948 to 1952 and the canal was opened on June 1, 1952. The canal and its facilities were built by about 900,000 workers including some 100,000 German POWs and 100,000 [[gulag]] prisoners. A day spent at the construction yard was counted as three days in prison, which spurred the prisoners to work. Several convicts were even awarded the [[Order of the Red Banner of Labour]] upon their release.

Upon completion, the Volga–Don Canal became an important link in the Unified Deep Water Transportation System of the [[Europe]]an part of the [[USSR]].

==Operation==
{{Multiple image
| align = center
| direction = horizontal
| width =
| image1 = Volga–Don Canal.jpg
| width1 = 246
| alt1 =
| caption1 = Satellite map of Volga–Don Canal
| image2 = Volgograd 1979.jpg
| width2 = 343
| alt2 =
| caption2 = Map of Volga–Don Canal
}}

The canal starts at the Sarepta backwater on the Volga River (south of [[Volgograd]]; Lock No. 1 and the gateway arch are at {{coord|48|31|10|N|44|33|10|E|name=start}}) and ends in the [[Tsimlyansk Reservoir]] of the Don River at the town of [[Kalach-na-Donu]]. The canal has nine one-chamber [[canal lock]]s on the Volga slope that can raise ships {{convert|88|m|abbr=on}}, and four canal locks of the same kind on the Don slope that can lower ships {{convert|44|m|abbr=on}}. The overall dimensions of the canal locks are smaller than those on the Volga River, however they can pass ships of up to 5,000 [[tonnes]] [[Tonnage#Weight measurements|cargo capacity]]. The smallest locks are {{convert|145|m|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|17|m|abbr=on}} wide, and {{convert|3.6|m|abbr=on}} deep. The maximum allowed vessel size is {{convert|141|m|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|16.8|m|abbr=on}} wide and {{convert|3.6|m|abbr=on}} deep (the ''Volgo–Don Max Class'').<ref name=Egorov/>

{{Multiple image
| align = center
| direction = horizontal
| width =
| image1 = Profile of volga don canal.jpg
| width1 = 324
| alt1 =
| caption1 = Profile of Volga–Don Canal
}}

The Volga–Don Canal is filled from the Don river, with three powerful [[pumping station]]s that maintain water levels. Water is also taken from the canal and used for irrigation.

Types of cargo transported from the Don region to the Volga region include coal from [[Donetsk, Ukraine]] as well as minerals, building materials, and grain. Cargo that get transported from the Volga to the Don includes [[lumber]], [[pyrite]]s, and [[petroleum products]] (carried mostly by [[Volgotanker]] boats). Tourist ships travel in both directions.

{{Wide image|Volgograd_Oblast_banner.jpg|800px|Panorama of the canal in [[Volgograd]]}}
{{Wide image|Volga-don panorama.JPG|800px|Panorama of the canal in the suburbs of [[Kalach-na-Donu]]}}

[[File:Krasnoameyskiy_district_of_Volgograd_002.jpg|thumb|Volga–Don Canal in [[Volgograd]] ]]

The Volga–Don Canal, together with the [[Tsimlyansky District|Tsimlyansky]] water-engineering system (chief architect Leonid Polyakov), form part of an [[Stalinist architecture|architectural ensemble]] dedicated to the battles for [[Tsaritsyn]] during the [[Russian Civil War]] and for [[Stalingrad]] during the [[German-Soviet War]]. The Russian [[European classical music|classical]] composer [[Sergei Prokofiev]] wrote the [[tone poem]] ''The Meeting of the Volga and the Don'' to celebrate its completion.

According to the Maritime Board (''Morskaya Kollegiya'') of the Russian government, 10.9 million tonnes of cargo were carried over the Volga–Don Canal in 2004.<ref>[http://www.morskayakollegiya.ru/morsk/morskie_i_rechny/rechnoj_transpor/ Морская коллегия: Речной транспорт] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307042851/http://www.morskayakollegiya.ru/morsk/morskie_i_rechny/rechnoj_transpor/ |date=7 March 2008 }} (Maritime Board: River Transport) {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

An alternate (not necessarily comparable) source claims 8.05 million tonnes of cargo was transported through the canal in total in 2006. Most of the cargo was moved from the east to the west. Namely, 7.20 million tonnes were transported through the canal from the Volga/Caspian basin to the Don/Sea of Azov/Black Sea basin, and only 0.85 million tonnes in the opposite direction. Just over half of all cargo was oil or oil products (4.14 million tonnes), predominantly shipped from the Caspian region.<ref>[http://www.kommersant.ru/doc-rss.aspx?DocsID=1045633 "Взвесить все"] (Supplement to the ''[[Kommersant]]'' newspaper, No. 195/P(4012), 27.10.2008 {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

It was reported in 2007 that in the first 55 years of the canal's operations 450,000 vessels had passed through carrying 336 million tonnes of cargo. Recent cargo volume stood at 12 million tonnes a year.<ref>[http://transportrussia.ru/2007-07-12/reaver/evrazia.html «Водный мир» для Евразии] ("Eurasia's 'Water World{{'"}}; {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080304003305/http://transportrussia.ru/2007-07-12/reaver/evrazia.html |date=4 March 2008 }}), ''Transport Rossii'', No. 28 (472) 12 July 2007 {{in lang|ru}}.
</ref>

In 2016, the core of [[Belarusian nuclear power plant]] [[VVER-1200]], which weighed 330 tonnes, was 13 meters high, and 4.5 meters in diameter, was transferred to its destination by exploiting [[Tsimlyansk Reservoir]], the Volga-Don Canal, the [[Volga–Baltic Waterway]], [[Volkhov River]] and [[Schnabel car|special rail car]].<ref>http://www.ng.ru/energy/2016-01-12/15_aes.html</ref>

== Stamp gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Stamp of USSR Волго-Донской канал. Шлюз 13. 1723.jpg|USSR stamp, 1953: Lock No. 13
File:Volgo-Don-Stalingrad.jpg|USSR stamp, 1951
File:USSR stamp 1952 CPA 1697.jpg|USSR stamp, 1952
File:Stamp Russia 2008 Volgogradskay oblast.jpg|Russia Stamp 2008
File:USSR 1634-1639.jpg|USSR collection
File:TeploxodStalina1953.jpg|Illustration of a [[Lock (water navigation)|lock]] on the Volga–Don Canal (1953) ({{coord|47|33|5.84|N|42|08|10.26|E|name=lock}})
</gallery>

==Future Plans==
In the 1980s, construction started on a second canal between the Volga and the Don. The new canal, dubbed Volga–Don 2 ({{lang-ru|[[:ru:Волго-Дон 2|Волго-Дон 2]]}}; {{coord|48|56|37|N|44|30|25|E|type:waterbody_region:RU|name=Volgo-Don 2 start}}) would start from the township of [[Yerzovka]] on the [[Volgograd Reservoir]], north (upstream) of the [[Volga Hydroelectric Station|Volga Dam]], as opposed to the existing Volga–Don Canal that starts south (downstream) of the dam.<ref name=godlevsky>Петр ГОДЛЕВСКИЙ, [http://www.businesspress.ru/newspaper/article_mId_21962_aId_440703.html «ВОЛГО-ДОН 2» — ШАГ В БУДУЩЕЕ]. «Торговая газета», номер 4-5(434—435) от 23.01.2008</ref> This canal would reduce the number of locks that ships coming from the Volgograd Reservoir, or from any other Volga or [[Kama River|Kama]] port farther north, would have to traverse on their way to the Don. The project was abruptly cancelled on 1 August 1990 due to financial considerations, although by that time more than 40 percent of allocated funds had already been spent.<ref name=godlevsky/><ref>D. J. Peterson, «Troubled Lands: The Legacy of Soviet Environmental Destruction»[http://www.rand.org/pubs/commercial_books/CB367/chap3.pdf Chapter 3]</ref><ref>[http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=266437 "ВОЛГО-ДОН-II: МЫ СТРОИЛИ, СТРОИЛИ И ЧТО?"] (We have been building... So what?") Журнал «Власть» (''[[Kommersant]]-Vlast'' Magazine), No. 30, 30.07.1990 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> Since then most of the stone and metal in the abandoned canal and its locks has been looted.<ref>[http://www.rol.ru/news/misc/news/00/11/14_221.htm "Строительство второго Волго-Донского канала, на нужды которого в свое время было затрачено 750 миллионов рублей, было заморожено 10 лет назад. А приехавшие по призыву комсомола люди так и остались там жить."] (14.11.2000)</ref>

As of 2007–2008, Russian authorities are considering two options for increasing the throughput of navigable waterways between the Caspian basin and the Black Sea. One option, which reuses the name "Volga–Don 2", is to build a second parallel channel ("second thread") of the Volga–Don Canal, equipped with larger locks {{convert|300|m|ft}} long. This plan would allow for an increase in the canal's annual cargo throughput from 16.5 million tonnes to 30 million tonnes. The other option, which seems to have more support from [[Kazakhstan]],<ref>[http://www.inform.kz/showarticle.php?lang=eng&id=164835 Nazarbayev insists on Eurasian canal construction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050505231255/http://www.inform.kz/showarticle.php?lang=eng |date=5 May 2005 }} Kazinform, 22 May 2008</ref> who would be either canal's major customer, is to build the so-called [[Eurasia Canal]] along a more southerly route in the [[Kuma–Manych Depression]], some sections of which currently form part of the much shallower [[Manych Ship Canal]]. Although this option would require digging a longer canal than Volga–Don, and would be of less use to vessels coming from the Volga, it would provide a more direct connection between the Caspian and the Sea of Azov. The Eurasia Canal would also require fewer locks than the Volga–Don, as elevations in the Kuma–Manych Depression are lower than the Volga–Don area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/International_Security/Energy/Analysis/2008/02/07/analysis_russia_kazakhs_eye_rival_canals/5702/|title=Top News, Latest headlines, Latest News, World News & U.S News - UPI.com|website=UPI|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209142025/http://www.upi.com/International_Security/Energy/Analysis/2008/02/07/analysis_russia_kazakhs_eye_rival_canals/5702/|archivedate=9 February 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Volgodonsk]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{kml}}

{{Volga River|nocat=yes}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Volga-Don Canal}}
[[Category:1952 establishments in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Canals in Russia]]
[[Category:Canals opened in 1952]]
[[Category:Don basin|CVolga-Don]]
[[Category:Gulag industry]]
[[Category:Ship canals]]
[[Category:Transport in Volgograd Oblast]]
[[Category:Volga basin|CVolga-Don]]

Voronezh

2019-01-31T11:56:42Z

Luch4: /* Foundation and name */

{{Infobox Russian city
|en_name=Voronezh
|ru_name=Воронеж
|image_skyline=Главное здание управления ЮВЖД.jpg
|image_caption=View of Voronezh
|coordinates = {{coord|51|40|18|N|39|12|38|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=right
|image_flag=Flag of Voronezh.png
|flag_caption
|image_coa=Coat of arms of Voronezh.png
|coa_caption=
|holiday=Third Saturday of September
|holiday_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mir36.ru/news/events/den-goroda-voronezh-2015/|title=День города Воронеж 2015|website=Mir36.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>
|federal_subject=[[Voronezh Oblast]]
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="Ref285"/>
|adm_data_as_of=December 2011
|adm_city_jur=Voronezh [[City of federal subject significance|Urban Okrug]]
|adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref285"/>
|adm_ctr_of1=Voronezh Oblast
|adm_ctr_of1_ref=<ref name="Ref285"/>
|adm_ctr_of2=Voronezh Urban Okrug
|adm_ctr_of2_ref=<ref name="Ref285"/>
|inhabloc_cat=City
|inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="Ref285"/>
|inhabloc_type=
|inhabloc_type_ref=
|mun_data_as_of=October 2005
|urban_okrug_jur=Voronezh Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref927"/>
|mun_admctr_of=Voronezh Urban Okrug
|mun_admctr_of_ref=<ref name="Ref927"/>
|leader_title=Mayor
|leader_name=[[Vadim Kstenin (politician)|Vadim Kstenin]]
|representative_body=[[City Duma]]
|representative_body_ref=
|area_km2=601
|area_km2_ref=<ref name="GKS">{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/munst/munst20/DBInet.cgi|title=База данных показателей муниципальных образований|website=Gks.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>
|pop_2010census=889680
|pop_2010census_rank=15th
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census" />
|pop_latest=1032895
|pop_latest_date=January 1, 2016
|pop_latest_ref=<ref name="2016Est" />
|established_date=1585<ref name="Foundation1585">{{cite web|url=http://www.voronezh-city.ru/mat/history.doc|script-title=ru:Историческая хроника|year=2009|publisher=Муниципальное учреждение культуры Централизованная библиотечная система города Воронежа Центральная городская библиотека имени А. Платонова|language=Russian|format=DOC|accessdate=March 28, 2012}}</ref> or much earlier
|established_title=
|established_date_ref=<ref name="FoundationEarlier">{{cite web|url=http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=386902|script-title=ru:Воронеж может оказаться намного старше|date=August 19, 2010|publisher=Вести|language=Russian|accessdate=March 28, 2012}}</ref>
|current_cat_date=1585
|current_cat_date_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voronezh-city.ru/city/history/ |title=История |website=Voronezh-city.ru |date= |accessdate=2016-12-16}}</ref>
|postal_codes=394000–394095
|postal_codes_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.e-adres.ru/postcodes/3800347/|title=Каталог компаний, справочник компаний России: Желтые страницы России - Евро Адрес|website=E-adres.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830143126/http://www.e-adres.ru/postcodes/3800347/|archivedate=August 30, 2009|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|dialing_codes=473
|dialing_codes_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kody.su/telcodes/russia/voronezh |title=Рекетнммши Йнд Цнпндю Бнпнмеф |website=Kody.su |date= |accessdate=2016-12-16}}</ref>
|website=http://www.voronezh-city.ru/
|website_ref
|date=September 2009
}}
'''Voronezh''' ({{lang-rus|Воро́неж|p=vɐˈronʲɪʂ|}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] and the [[administrative center]] of [[Voronezh Oblast]], [[Russia]], straddling the [[Voronezh River]] and located {{convert|12|km|sp=us}} from where it flows into the [[Don River (Russia)|Don]]. The city sits on the [[Southeastern Railway (Russia)|Southeastern Railway]], which connects European Russia with the [[Ural (region)|Ural]]s and [[Siberia]], the [[Caucasus]] and [[Ukraine]], and the [[M4 highway (Russia)|M4 highway]] ([[Moscow]]–Voronezh–[[Rostov-on-Don]]–[[Novorossiysk]]). Its population in 2016 was estimated to be 1,032,895;<ref name="2016Est">Voronezh Territorial Branch of the [[Russian Federal State Statistics Service|Federal State Statistics Service]]. [http://voronezhstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/voronezhstat/resources/af5cd4004b705cf09534b7797736af7f/Предварительная+оценка+численности+населения+Воронежской+области+на+1.01.2016+года.pdf], Voronezhstat.gks.ru, {{ru icon}}</ref> up from 889,680 recorded in the [[Russian Census (2010)|2010 Census]];<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> it is [[list of cities and towns in Russia by population|the fourteenth most populous city in the country]].

==History==
{{See also|Timeline of Voronezh}}

===Foundation and name===
[[File:Vrn-central.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Center of Voronezh at night]]
The first chronicle references to the word "Voronezh" are dated 1177, when the Ryazan prince Yaropolk, having lost the battle, fled "to Voronozh" and there was moving "from hail into hail." Modern data of archeology and history interpret Voronezh as a geographical region, which included the [[Voronezh River|Voronezh river]] (tributary of the [[Don River|Don]]) and a number of settlements. In the lower reaches of the river, an unique Slavic town-planning complex of the 8th – early 11th century was discovered, which covered the territory of the present city of Voronezh and its environs (about 42 km long, about 13 forts and many unfortified villages). By the 12th – 13th centuries, most of the old “hails” were desolate, but new settlements appeared upstream, closer to [[Ryazan]]<ref>В. П. Загоровский. "Воронежская историческая энциклопедия". Воронеж, 1992. Стр. 53.</ref><ref>А. З. Винников, А. Т. Синюк. "Дорогами тысячелетий: Археологи о древней истории Воронежского края". Издание 2-е. Воронеж, 2003. Стр. 185–187, 236–242.</ref><ref>Н. А. Тропин. "Южные территории Чернигово-Рязанского порубежья в XII–XV вв." Автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени доктора исторических наук. Москва, 2007.</ref><ref name=":0">П. А. Попов. "Воронеж: древнее слово и древние города, а также древние леса и древние реки России". Воронеж, 2016.</ref>.

For many years, the hypothesis of the Soviet historian [[Vladimir Zagorovsky]] dominated: he produced the toponym "Voronezh" from the hypothetical Slavic personal name ''Voroneg''. This man allegedly gave the name of a small town in the [[Chernigov Principality]] (now the village of Voronezh in [[Ukraine]]<ref>''Woroneż'' (Wronasz) is shown on the ''Woroneż'' river by [[Stefan Maria Kuczyński|Stefan Kuczyński]] (1936) in a historical map of 15th-century Chernigov, ''[[:File:Ziemie Czernihowsko-Siewierskie w XV wieku.jpg|«Ziemie Czernihowsko-Siewierskie pod rządami Litwy»]]''.</ref>). Later, in the XI or XII centuries, the settlers were able to "transfer" this name to the Don region, where they named the second city Voronezh, and the river got its name from the city<ref>В. П. Загоровский. "О древнем Воронеже и слове «Воронеж»". Издание 2-е. Воронеж, 1977.</ref><ref>Е. М. Поспелов. "Географические названия мира". Москва, 1998. Стр. 104.</ref>. However, now many researchers criticize the hypothesis, since in reality neither the name of ''Voroneg'' nor the second city was revealed, and usually the names of Russian cities repeated the names of the rivers, but not vice versa.

The linguistic [[comparative linguistics|comparative analysis]] of the name "Voronezh" was carried out by the Khovansky Foundation in 2009. There is an indication of the place names of many countries in Eurasia, which may partly be not only similar in sound, but also united by common Indo-European languages: [[Varanasi]], [[Varna]], [[Verona]], [[Brno]], etc.<ref name="Lazarev">А. Лазарев. "Тайна имени Воронежъ" (''The Mystery of the Name of Voronezh''). Воронеж, 2009.</ref>

A comprehensive scientific analysis was conducted in 2015–2016 by the historian Pavel Popov. His conclusion: "Voronezh" is a probable Slavic macrotoponym associated with outstanding signs of nature, has a root ''voron-'' (from the proto-Slavic ''vorn'') in the meaning of "black, dark" and the suffix ''-ezh'' ''(-azh, -ozh''). It was not “transferred” and in the 8th - 9th centuries it marked a vast territory covered with black forests (oak forests) - from the mouth of the Voronezh river to the Voronozhsky annalistic forests in the middle and upper reaches of the river, and in the west to the Don (many forests were cut down). The historian believes that the main "city" of the early town-planning complex could repeat the name of the region – Voronezh. Now the hillfort is located in the administrative part of the modern city, in the Voronezh upland oak forest. This is one of Europe's largest ancient Slavic hillforts, the area of which – more than 9 hectares – 13 times the area of the main settlement in [[Kiev]] before the baptism of Rus<ref name=":0" /><ref>П. А. Попов. "Комплексный подход в топонимических исследованиях в связи с историей русского градостроительства (на примере Центрального Черноземья)". Девятые всероссийские краеведческие чтения (Москва – Воронеж, 15–19 мая 2015 г.). Москва; Воронеж, 2016. Стр. 423–434.</ref>.

[[Folk etymology]] claims the name comes from combining the Russian words for raven (''[[:wikt:ворон#Russian|ворон]]'') and hedgehog (''[[:wikt:еж#Russian|еж]]'') into ''Воронеж''. According to this explanation two Slavic tribes named after the animals used this combination to name the river which later in turn provided the name for a settlement. There is not believed to be any scientific support for this explanation.

In the 16th century, the Middle Don basin, including the Voronezh river, was gradually conquered by Muscovy from the [[Nogai Horde]] (a successor state of the Golden Horde), and the current city of Voronezh was established in 1585 by [[Feodor I of Russia|Feodor I]] as a fort protecting the [[Muravsky Trail]] trade route against the raids of the Nogai and Crimean Tatars.The city was named after the river <ref name="Foundation1585"/>.

===17th to 20th centuries===
[[File:Памятник Петру 1.JPG|thumb|left|A monument to Peter the Great]]
[[File:Гото Предестинация у Адмиралтейской площади.JPG|thumb|Voronezh. Ship Museum [[Goto Predestinatsia]]]]
{{refimprove section|date=May 2014}}

In the 17th century, Voronezh gradually evolved into a sizable town.
''Weronecz'' is shown on the ''Worona'' river in [[Principality of Ryazan|Resania]] in [[Joan Blaeu]]'s map of 1645.<ref>''[[:File:Blaeu 1645 - Russiæ vulgo Moscovia pars australis.jpg|Russiæ, vulgo Moscovia, pars australis]]''
in ''Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, sive Atlas Novus in quo Tabulæ et Descriptiones Omnium Regionum, Editæ a Guiljel et Ioanne Blaeu'', 1645.</ref>
[[Peter the Great]] built a [[:ru:Воронежское адмиралтейство|dockyard in Voronezh]] where the Azov Flotilla was constructed for the [[Azov campaigns]] in 1695 and 1696. This fleet, the first ever built in Russia, included the first Russian [[ship of the line]], ''[[Goto Predestinatsia]]''. The Orthodox diocese of Voronezh was instituted in 1682 and its first bishop, [[Mitrofan of Voronezh]], was later proclaimed the town's patron saint.
[[File:Voronezhold.jpg|thumb|right|View of Voronezh in the 18th century]]

Owing to the Voronezh Admiralty Wharf, for a short time, Voronezh became the largest city of South Russia and the economic center of a large and fertile region. In 1711, it was made the seat of the [[Azov Governorate]], which eventually morphed into the [[Voronezh Governorate]].

In the 19th century, Voronezh was a center of the [[Central Black Earth Region]]. Manufacturing industry (mills, tallow-melting, butter-making, soap, leather, and other works) as well as bread, cattle, [[suet]], and the hair trade developed in the town. A railway connected Voronezh with [[Moscow]] in 1868 and [[Rostov-on-Don]] in 1871.

During [[World War II]], Voronezh was the scene of fierce fighting between Russian and combined Axis troops. The Germans used it as a staging area for their attack on [[Battle of Stalingrad|Stalingrad]], and made it a key crossing point on the Don River. In June 1941, two BM-13 (Fighting machine #13 ''[[Katyusha rocket launcher|Katyusha]]'') artillery installations were built at the Voronezh excavator factory. In July, the construction of ''Katyushas'' was rationalized so that their manufacture became easier and the time of volley repetition was shortened from five minutes to fifteen seconds. More than 300 BM-13 units manufactured in Voronezh were used in a counterattack near Moscow in December 1941. In October 22, 1941, the advance of the German troops prompted the establishment of a defense committee in the city. On November 7, 1941, there was a troop parade, devoted to the anniversary of the [[October Revolution]]. Only three such parades were organized that year: in Moscow, [[Samara, Russia|Kuybyshev]], and Voronezh. In late June 1942, the city was [[Battle of Voronezh (1942)|attacked]] by German and Hungarian forces. In response, Soviet forces formed the [[Voronezh Front]]. By July 6, the German army occupied the western river-bank suburbs before being subjected to a fierce Soviet counter-attack. By July 24 the frontline had stabilised along the Voronezh River as the German forces continued southeast into the Great Bend of the Don. The attack on Voronezh represented the first phase of the German Army's 1942 campaign in the Soviet Union, codenamed [[Case Blue]].

Until January 25, 1943, parts of the [[2nd Army (Wehrmacht)|Second German Army]] and the [[Second Army (Hungary)|Second Hungarian Army]] occupied west part of Voronezh. During [[Operation Little Saturn]], the [[Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive]], and the Voronezhsko-Kastornenskoy Offensive, the Voronezh Front exacted heavy casualties on Axis forces. On January 25, 1943, Voronezh was [[Battle of Voronezh (1943)|liberated after ten days of combat]]. During the war the city was almost completely ruined, with 92% of all buildings destroyed.

===1950s–2000s===
By 1950, Voronezh had been rebuilt. Most buildings and historical monuments were repaired. It was also the location of a prestigious [[Suvorov Military School]], a [[boarding school]] for young boys who were considered to be prospective military officers, many of whom had been orphaned by war.<ref>Alex Levin, ''[http://www.azrielifoundation.org/memoirs/books/under-the-yellow-and-red-stars/ Under The Yellow & Red Stars] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809010630/http://www.azrielifoundation.org/memoirs/books/under-the-yellow-and-red-stars/ |date=August 9, 2016 }}'' ([[Azrieli Foundation]], 2009), pp. 45ff., "The Suvorov Military School".</ref>

In 1950–1960, new factories were established: a tire factory, a machine-tool factory, a factory of heavy mechanical pressing, and others.
In 1968, Serial production of the [[Tupolev Tu-144]] supersonic plane was established at the Voronezh Aviation factory. In October 1977, the first Soviet domestic wide-body plane, [[Ilyushin Il-86]], was built there.

In 1989, [[Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union|TASS]] published details of an alleged [[Unidentified flying object|UFO]] landing in the city's park and purported encounters with [[extraterrestrials|extraterrestrial beings]] reported by a number of children. A Russian scientist that was cited in initial TASS reports later told the [[Associated Press]] that he was misquoted, cautioning, "Don't believe all you hear from TASS," and "We never gave them part of what they published",<ref name=AP>{{cite news|last=Dahlberg|first=John-Thor|title=Voronzeh Scientist Quoted by TASS Casts Doubt on UFO Landing Story|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1917&dat=19891011&id=-xQxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=y-AFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1042,2604606|accessdate=21 March 2014|newspaper=Associated Press|date=October 11, 1989}}</ref> and a TASS correspondent admitted the possibility that some "make-believe" had been added to the TASS story, saying, "I think there is a certain portion of truth, but it is not excluded that there is also fantasizing".<ref name=UPI>{{cite news|title=UFO lands in Russia? Writer now waffles|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=860&dat=19891010&id=y4FUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Wo8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6525,5193036|accessdate=21 March 2014|newspaper=United Press International|date=October 10, 1989}}</ref><ref name="FeinTimes">{{cite news|last1=Fein|first1=Esther B.|last2=Times|first2=Special To The New York|title=U.F.O. Landing Is Fact, Not Fantasy, the Russians Insist|work=The New York Times|page=6|date=11 October 1989|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/11/world/ufo-landing-is-fact-not-fantasy-the-russians-insist.html}}</ref>

===2010s===

From 10 to 17 September 2011, Voronezh celebrated its 425th anniversary. The anniversary of the city was given the status of a federal scale celebration that helped attract large investments from the [[Federal budget of Russia|federal and regional budgets]] for development.<ref>Интерактивная карта подготовки к 425-летию основания Воронежа (рус.). Сайт администрации города Воронеж (31.08.11). Проверено 24 января 2011</ref>

On December 17, 2012, Voronezh became the fifteenth city in Russia with a population of over one million people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://top.rbc.ru/society/17/12/2012/836948.shtml|title=В Воронеже родился миллионный житель|work=РБК|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>

Today Voronezh is the economic, industrial, cultural, and scientific center of the [[Central Black Earth Region]].
{{Clear}}

==Administrative and municipal status==
[[File:Мэрия.Воронеж.jpg|thumb|right|220px|The Mayor's office of Voronezh]]
[[File:Districts of voronezh.png|thumb|right|Administrative districts of Voronezh]]
Voronezh is the [[administrative center]] of the [[oblast]].<ref name="Ref285">Law #87-OZ</ref> Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], it is incorporated as '''Voronezh [[City of federal subject significance|Urban Okrug]]'''—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of Voronezh Oblast|districts]].<ref name="Ref285"/> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], this administrative unit also has urban okrug status.<ref name="Ref927">Law #66-OZ</ref>

===City divisions===
The city is divided into six [[City Raion|administrative districts]]:
*1. [[Zheleznodorozhny City District, Voronezh|Zheleznodorozhny]] (183,17 km²)
*2. [[Tsentralny City District, Voronezh|Tsentralny]] (63,96 km²)
*3. [[Kominternovsky City District|Kominternovsky]] (47,41 km²)
*4. [[Leninsky City District, Voronezh|Leninsky]] (18,53 km²)
*5. [[Sovetsky City District, Voronezh|Sovetsky]] (156,6 km²)
*6. [[Levoberezhny City District, Voronezh|Levoberezhny]] (123,89 km²)

===Demographics===
{| border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="5" style="margin:auto; border:1px solid #aaa;"
|- style="background:#aaf;"
|+ style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"| Demographic Evolution
|- style="background:#eef;"
! 1615 !! 1777 !! 1840 !! 1897 !! 1923 !! 1939 !! 1959 !! 1973 !! 1989 !! 1997
|- style="background:#f7f9ff;"
| align=center| 7,000
| align=center| 13,000
| align=center| 43,800
| align=center| 80,599
| align=center| 95,000
| align=center| 326,932
| align=center| 447,164
| align=center| 713,000
| align=center| 886,844
| align=center| 905,000
|- style="background:#eef;"
! 2010<ref name="2010Census" /> !! 2011 !! 2012 !! 2013 !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016<ref name="2016Est"/>
|- style="background:#f7f9ff;"
| align=center| 889,680
| align=center| 979,884
| align=center| 991,269
| align=center| 1,003,638
| align=center| 1,014,610
| align=center| 1,023,570
| align=center| 1,032,895
|}
'''Note:''' 1926–1970 and 2016 are population estimates; 1989 is the Soviet Census; 2002 and 2010 are census urban population only.

==Economy==
The leading sectors of the urban economy in the 20th century were [[mechanical engineering]], [[metalworking]], the [[electronics industry]] and the [[food industry]].

In the city are such companies as:
* [[Voronezh Aircraft Production Association]] (where, amongst other types, the [[Tupolev Tu-144]] was built)
[[File:RIAN archive 566221 Tu-144 passenger airliner.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Tupolev Tu-144]]
* [[Voronezhselmash]] (agricultural engineering)
* [[Sozvezdie]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sozvezdie.su/|title=Главная страница - АО "Концерн «Созвездие"|website=Vsm-sorter.com|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref> (headquarter, JSC Concern “Sozvezdie”, in 1958 the world's first created mobile telephony and wireless telephone [[Altai (mobile telephone system)|Altai]]
* Verofarm (pharmaceutics, owner [[Abbott Laboratories]]),
* [[Voronezh Mechanical Plant]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vmzvrn.ru/eng/|title=Voronezh Mechanical Plant|website=Vmzvrn.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref> (production of missile and aircraft engines, oil and gas equipment)
* Mining Machinery Holding - RUDGORMASH<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmhc-rudgormash.com|title=MMHC RUDGORMASH Mining Machinery Holding Company|website=Mmhc-rudgormash.com|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref> (production of drilling, mineral processing and mining equipment)
* VNiiPM Research Institute of Semiconductor Engineering<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vniipm.ru|title=НИИПМ-->О компании-->Институт сегодня|website=Vniipm.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref> (equipment for plasma-chemical processes, technical-chemical equipment for liquid operations, water treatment equipment)
* KBKhA [[Chemical Automatics Design Bureau]] with notable products:.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kbkha.ru|title="Конструкторское Бюро Химавтоматики" - Главная|website=Kbkha.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Pirelli]] Voronezh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pirelli.com/corporate/en/press/2013/01/30/pirelli-russian-technologies-joint-venture-launches-technologically-advanced-second-production-line-at-voronezh/|title=Pirelli, Russian Technologies joint venture launches technologically advanced second production line at Voronezh|website=Pirelli.com|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>

On the territory of the city district government Maslovka Voronezh region with the support of the Investment Fund of Russia, is implementing a project to create an industrial park, "Maslowski", to accommodate more than 100 new businesses, including the transformer factory of Siemens. On September 7, 2011 in Voronezh there opened a Global network operation center of Nokia Siemens Networks, which was the fifth in the world and the first in Russia.

===Building===
In 2014, 926,000 square meters of housing was delivered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.govvrn.ru/wps/portal/gov/!ut/p/a1/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfGjzOI9AryNPAwtjLz8_QwMDRyNPNx9jENDvIzNTIEKIoEKDHAARwNC-sP1o8BK8JhQkBthkO6oqAgAOPy3bA!!/?1dmy&current=true&urile=wcm%3Apath%3A%2Fvrnmain%2Fmain%2Fregularcontent%2Fnews%2Fnew%2B10042015%2Bs4|title=Официальный портал органов власти|website=Govvrn.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

===Clusters of Voronezh===
In clusters of tax incentives and different preferences, the full support of the authorities.
A cluster of Oil and Gas Equipment, Radio-electronic cluster, Furniture cluster, IT cluster, Cluster aircraft, Cluster Electromechanics, Transport and logistics cluster, Cluster building materials and technologies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cluster36.ru|title=Главная - ЦКР|website=Cluster36.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==Transportation==
===Air===
The city is served by the [[Voronezh International Airport]], which is located north of the city and is home to Polet Airlines. Voronezh is also home to the [[Pridacha Airport]], a part of a major aircraft manufacturing facility VASO (''Voronezhskoye Aktsionernoye Samoletostroitelnoye Obshchestvo'', Voronezh aircraft production association) where the [[Tupolev Tu-144]] (known in the West as the "Concordski"), was built and the only operational unit is still stored. Voronezh also hosts the [[Voronezh Malshevo]] [[air force]] base in the southwest of the city, which, according to a [[Natural Resources Defense Council]] report, houses [[nuclear bomber]]s.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}

===Rail===
[[File:Train Station Voronezh, Russia.jpg|thumb|Main entrance to Voronezh-1 Railway Station]]
Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Voronezh and Moscow.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/wokzal_voronezh.html |title=Жд вокзал Воронеж | Оригинал жд билета | Жд билеты | Международный аэропорт "Стригино" г. Нижний Новгород, РЖД билет, купить ж д билет, рейсы самолетов в нижний новгород, телефоны справочного бюро аэропорта стригино, заказ ж/д билетов, стоимость жд билетов, билеты на поезд, бронирование, авиарейсы - Аэропорт Нижний Новгород - Нижегородский аэропорт - сайт аэропорта нижний новгород стригино - МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ АЭРОПОРТ НИЖНИЙ НОВГОРОД |website=Nnov-airport.ru |date= |accessdate=2016-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630062522/http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/wokzal_voronezh.html |archive-date=June 30, 2017 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Rail services form a part of the [[South Eastern Railway (Russia)|South Eastern Railway]] of the [[Russian Railways]]. Destinations served direct from Voronezh include Moscow, Kiev, Kursk, Novorossiysk, Sochi, and Tambov.
The main train station is called Voronezh-1 Railway Station.

===Bus===
There are three Bus Stations in Voronezh that connect the city with a large number of destinations including [[Moscow]], [[Belgorod]], [[Lipetsk]], [[Volgograd]], [[Rostov-on-Don]], [[Astrakhan]] and many more.

==Climate==
Voronezh experiences a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Dfb'') with long, cold winters and short, warm summers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=22143&cityname=Voronezh,+Voronezj,+Russia&units=|title=Voronezh, Russia Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=2018-11-13}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location=Voronezh
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|Jan record high C=8.0
|Feb record high C=11.0
|Mar record high C=18.4
|Apr record high C=29.2
|May record high C=35.7
|Jun record high C=38.9
|Jul record high C=40.1
|Aug record high C=40.5
|Sep record high C=32.1
|Oct record high C=26.5
|Nov record high C=18.1
|Dec record high C=12.4
|year record high C=40.5
|Jan high C=-3.4
|Feb high C=-3.0
|Mar high C=2.9
|Apr high C=13.9
|May high C=21.1
|Jun high C=24.5
|Jul high C=26.6
|Aug high C=25.6
|Sep high C=18.9
|Oct high C=10.9
|Nov high C=2.3
|Dec high C=-2.5
|year high C=11.5
|Jan mean C=-6.1
|Feb mean C=-6.5
|Mar mean C=-1.0
|Apr mean C=8.3
|May mean C=14.8
|Jun mean C=18.5
|Jul mean C=20.5
|Aug mean C=19.2
|Sep mean C = 13.3
|Oct mean C = 6.9
|Nov mean C = -0.4
|Dec mean C = -5.0
|year mean C = 6.9
|Jan low C = -8.8
|Feb low C = -9.3
|Mar low C = -4.2
|Apr low C = 3.6
|May low C = 9.3
|Jun low C = 13.2
|Jul low C = 15.2
|Aug low C = 13.7
|Sep low C = 8.7
|Oct low C = 3.6
|Nov low C = -2.6
|Dec low C = -7.6
|year low C = 2.9
|Jan record low C = -36.5
|Feb record low C = -36.2
|Mar record low C = -32.0
|Apr record low C = -16.8
|May record low C = -3.3
|Jun record low C = -1.6
|Jul record low C = 5.0
|Aug record low C = 0.4
|Sep record low C = -5.2
|Oct record low C = -15.2
|Nov record low C = -25.1
|Dec record low C = -33.4
|year record low C = -36.5
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm = 41
|Feb precipitation mm = 37
|Mar precipitation mm = 33
|Apr precipitation mm = 38
|May precipitation mm = 46
|Jun precipitation mm = 74
|Jul precipitation mm = 62
|Aug precipitation mm = 52
|Sep precipitation mm = 61
|Oct precipitation mm = 50
|Nov precipitation mm = 46
|Dec precipitation mm = 44
|year precipitation mm = 584
|Jan humidity = 84
|Feb humidity = 82
|Mar humidity = 77
|Apr humidity = 66
|May humidity = 61
|Jun humidity = 67
|Jul humidity = 68
|Aug humidity = 67
|Sep humidity = 73
|Oct humidity = 79
|Nov humidity = 85
|Dec humidity = 85
|year humidity = 75
|Jan rain days = 8
|Feb rain days = 6
|Mar rain days = 8
|Apr rain days = 12
|May rain days = 13
|Jun rain days = 15
|Jul rain days = 13
|Aug rain days = 10
|Sep rain days = 13
|Oct rain days = 14
|Nov rain days = 13
|Dec rain days = 9
|year rain days = 134
|Jan snow days = 21
|Feb snow days = 20
|Mar snow days = 14
|Apr snow days = 3
|May snow days = 0.2
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0.1
|Oct snow days = 3
|Nov snow days = 12
|Dec snow days = 20
|year snow days = 93
|Jan sun = 62
|Feb sun = 86
|Mar sun = 125
|Apr sun = 184
|May sun = 268
|Jun sun = 284
|Jul sun = 286
|Aug sun = 254
|Sep sun = 185
|Oct sun = 111
|Nov sun = 45
|Dec sun = 38
|year sun = 1928
|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net,<ref name="pogoda">{{cite web
| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/34123.htm
| title = Pogoda.ru.net
| accessdate = December 10, 2015
| publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)
| language = Russian}}</ref>
|source 2 = NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)<ref name = NOAA >
{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/RE/34122.TXT
| title = Voronez (Voronezh) Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = December 10, 2015}}</ref>
|date=January 2011
}}

{{Clear}}

==Education and culture==
[[File:A parkway in Koltsovsky Garden Square, Voronezh, Russia.jpg|thumb|Snow at night in a Voronezh park]]

The city has seven theaters, twelve museums, a number of movie theaters, a philharmonic hall, and a circus. It is also a major center of higher education in central Russia. The main educational facilities include:

* [[Voronezh State University]]
* Voronezh State Technical University
* Voronezh State University of Architecture and Construction
* Voronezh State Pedagogical University
* Voronezh State Agricultural University
* Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies
* [[Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko]]
* Voronezh State Academy of Arts
* Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov
* Voronezh State Institute of Physical Training
* Voronezh Institute of Russia's Home Affairs Ministry
* Voronezh Military Aviation Engineering University
* Voronezh Institute of High Technologies
* Voronezh Air Force Academy named after Prof. Zhukovsky and Gagarin
* [[Plekhanov Russian University of Economics]] (Voronezh branch)
* Russian State University of Justice<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cb.rgup.ru/?mod=pages&id=1261|title=О филиале|website=Cb.rgup.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>
* Admiral Makarov State University of Sea and River Fleet (Voronezh branch)
* International Institute of Computer Technologies
* Voronezh Institute of Economics and Law

and a number of other affiliate and private-funded institutes and universities. There are 2000 schools within the city.

===Theaters===
* Voronezh Chamber Theatre<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chambervrn.ru/o-teatre.html|title=Воронежский камерный театр|website=Chambervrn.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821130235/http://chambervrn.ru/o-teatre.html|archivedate=August 21, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* Koltsov Academic Drama Theater<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voronezhdrama.ru|title=Воронежский Академический Театр драмы им. А. Кольцова|website=Voronezhdrama.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>
* Voronezh State [[Opera]] and [[Ballet]] Theatre<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theatre-vrn.ru/|title=Воронежский государственный театр оперы и балета – официальный сайт|website=Theatre-vrn.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>
* Shut Puppet Theater<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.puppet-shut.ru/|title=.:. Òåàòð Êóêîë - "ØÓÒ" .:.|author=|website=Puppet-shut.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>

===Festivals===
[[Platonov Arts Festival|Platonov International Arts Festival]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://platonovfest.com/festival|title=Фестиваль|website=Platonovfest.com|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>

{{Clear}}

==Sports==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Club !! Sport !! Founded !! Current League !! League Rank !! Stadium
|-
|[[FC Fakel Voronezh|Fakel Voronezh]]
|[[Association Football|Football]]
|1947
|[[Russian Football National League]]
|2nd
|[[Tsentralnyi Profsoyuz Stadion (Voronezh)|Tsentralnyi Profsoyuz Stadion]]
|-
|[[FC Energy Voronezh|Energy Voronezh]]
|[[Association Football|Football]]
|1989
|[[Russian Women's Football Championship|Women's Premier League]]
|1st
|Rudgormash Stadium
|-
|[[Buran Voronezh]]
|[[Ice Hockey]]
|1977
|[[Higher Hockey League]]
|2nd
|Yubileyny Sports Palace
|-
|VC Voronezh
|[[Volleyball]]
|2006
|Women's Higher Volleyball League A
|2nd
|Kristall Sports Complex
|}

==Religion==
[[File:Annunciation Cathedral in Voronezh1.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Annunciation Orthodox Cathedral in Voronezh]]

[[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]] is the prevalent religion in Voronezh.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}}

There is an orthodox Jewish community in Voronezh, with a synagogue located on Stankevicha Street.<ref>{{cite web|author=14:50 |url=http://rg.ru/2014/10/20/reg-cfo/sinagoga.html |title=В Воронеже открыли одну из крупнейших синагог России|website=Rg.ru |date= |accessdate=2016-12-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Jewish Community of Voronezh|url=http://evrei-vrn.ru/en/|website=evrei-vrn.ru|accessdate=6 August 2016}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==Notable people==
[[File:Nikolay Ge 015.jpeg|thumb|Nikolai Ge. Mary, sister of Lazarus, meets Jesus who is going to their house]]
{{Main|List of people from Voronezh}}
*[[Nikolay Basov]], physicist
*[[Ivan Bunin]], writer
*[[Alexey Andreyevich Khovansky|Alexey Khovansky]], editor
*[[Arkady Davidowitz]], writer and aphorist
*[[Pavel Cherenkov]], physicist
*[[Kirill Gerstein]], musician
*[[Mikhail Tsvet]], botanist
*[[Konstantin Feoktistov]], cosmonaut and engineer
*Poets and writers such as [[Andrei Platonov|Platonov]], [[Aleksey Koltsov|Koltsov]], [[Ivan Savvich Nikitin|Ivan S. Nikitin]], [[Samuil Marshak|Marshak]], [[Vasiliy Mihaylovich Peskov|Peskov]], Troepolsky;
*Painters [[Ivan Kramskoi|Kramskoi]], [[Nikolai Ge|Ge]], [[Alexander V. Kuprin|Kuprin]]
*[[Valerian Albanov]], navigator and polar explorer
*[[Alexander Litvinenko]], political dissident
*[[Grigory Sanakoev]], chess player
*[[Yelena Davydova]] and [[Aleksandr Tkachyov (gymnast)|Aleksandr Tkachyov]], gymnasts
*[[Yevgeny Lapinsky]], Olympic volleyball player
*[[Valentina Popova]], weightlifter
*[[Dmitri Sautin]], diver
*[[Volin]], anarchist
*[[Serge Voronoff]], surgeon
*[[Osip Mandelstam]], poet
*[[Vladimir Patkin]], Olympic volleyball player
*[[Andrei Platonov]], writer
*[[Sektor Gaza]], punk band
*[[Mitrofan Pyatnitsky]], musician
*[[Viktoria Komova]], Olympic gymnast
*[[Eduard Vorganov]], professional cyclist
*[[Igor Samsonov]], painter

==Sister Cities==
Source:<ref>{{cite web|author=Рациональная маршрутная сеть |url=http://www.voronezh-city.ru/index.php?r=hist&d=613 |title=Воронеж: официальный сайт администрации городского округа |publisher=Voronezh-city.ru |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="background:#ffffef; float:left;"
|-
! style="background:#811541" | Date
! style="background:#811541" |  
! style="background:#811541" | Sister City
|-
| 1968
| style="background:#ffffcf;"|{{flagicon|CZE}}
| '''[[Brno]]''', [[Czech Republic]]<ref name="Brno twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=2222&nav02=1249 |title=City of Brno Foreign Relations - Statutory city of Brno |publisher=2.brno.cz |language=Czech |accessdate=6 September 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115084015/http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=2222&nav02=1249 |archivedate=January 15, 2016 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brno.cz/index.php?nav02=1985&nav01=34&nav03=1010&nav04=1016&nav05=1249&nav06=1272|title=Brno - Partnerská města|publisher=Brno.cz|language=Czech|accessdate=2009-07-17}}</ref>
|-
| 1989
| style="background:#ffffcf;"|{{flagicon|GER}}
| '''[[Wesermarsch]]''', [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]
|-
| 1991
| style="background:#ffffcf;"|{{flagicon|USA}}
| '''[[Charlotte]]''', [[North Carolina]], [[United States]]
|-
| 1992
| style="background:#ffffcf;"|{{flagicon|PRC}}
| '''[[Chongqing]]''', [[China]]
|-
| 1995
| style="background:#ffffcf;"|{{flagicon|BUL}}
| '''[[Sliven]]''', [[Bulgaria]]
|-
| 1996
| style="background:#ffffcf;"|{{flagicon|ESP}}
| '''[[León, Spain|León]]''', [[Castile and León]], [[Spain]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.larazon.es/noticia/ciudades-y-pueblos-se-benefician-del-hermanamiento-con-otros-territorios|title=Ciudades y pueblos se benefician del hermanamiento con otros territorios|publisher=Larazon.es|date=|accessdate=2011-09-16}}</ref>
|}
{{Clear}}

==References==

===Notes===
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|vor|adm|law}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|vor|mun|list|voronezh}}

==Further reading==
{{See also|Timeline of Voronezh#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Voronezh}}
*Charlotte Hobson's book, ''Black Earth City'', is an account of life in Voronezh at the time of the fall of the Soviet Union based on her experiences after spending a year in Voronezh as a foreign student in 1991–1992.
*[[Nadezhda Mandelstam]]'s ''Hope Against Hope'', the first volume of her memoirs concerning her husband, the poet [[Osip Mandelstam]], provides many details about life in Voronezh in the 1930s under [[Stalinist]] rule.

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
* {{wikivoyage inline|Voronezh}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150102190817/http://www.voronezh-city.ru/en/ Official website of Voronezh]
*[http://www.voronezh-city.ru/ Official website of Voronezh] {{ru icon}}
*[https://archive.is/20121204162233/http://www.voronezh.net/ Unofficial website of Voronezh] {{ru icon}}
*[http://www.vsu.ru/english/index.html Voronezh State University]
*[http://maps.yandex.com/?text=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C%20%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%2C%20%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6&sll=39.204096%2C51.662496&ll=39.188868%2C51.664017&spn=0.234833%2C0.042274&z=12&l=map%2Cstv&ol=stv&oll=39.202978%2C51.661731&ost=dir%3A39.07641937637682%2C-0.5025945571323011~spn%3A90%2C55.517081202120046 Panoramic views of Voronezh]

{{Voronezh Oblast}}
{{Cities of Military Glory}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2012}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Archaeological sites in Russia]]
[[Category:Voronezh|*]]
[[Category:Cities of Military Glory]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1586]]
[[Category:Voronezh Governorate]]

Voronezh

2018-06-14T18:24:49Z

Luch4: /* Foundation and name */

{{Infobox Russian city
|en_name=Voronezh
|ru_name=Воронеж
|image_skyline=Главное здание управления ЮВЖД.jpg
|image_caption=View of Voronezh
|coordinates = {{coord|51|40|18|N|39|12|38|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=right
|image_flag=Flag of Voronezh.png
|flag_caption
|image_coa=Coat of arms of Voronezh.png
|coa_caption=
|holiday=Third Saturday of September
|holiday_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mir36.ru/news/events/den-goroda-voronezh-2015/|title=День города Воронеж 2015|website=Mir36.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>
|federal_subject=[[Voronezh Oblast]]
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="Ref285"/>
|adm_data_as_of=December 2011
|adm_city_jur=Voronezh [[City of federal subject significance|Urban Okrug]]
|adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref285"/>
|adm_ctr_of1=Voronezh Oblast
|adm_ctr_of1_ref=<ref name="Ref285"/>
|adm_ctr_of2=Voronezh Urban Okrug
|adm_ctr_of2_ref=<ref name="Ref285"/>
|inhabloc_cat=City
|inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="Ref285"/>
|inhabloc_type=
|inhabloc_type_ref=
|mun_data_as_of=October 2005
|urban_okrug_jur=Voronezh Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref927"/>
|mun_admctr_of=Voronezh Urban Okrug
|mun_admctr_of_ref=<ref name="Ref927"/>
|leader_title=Mayor
|leader_title_ref=<ref name="Leader">{{cite web|url=http://www.moe-online.ru/news/view/256982.html |title=Исполнять обязанности мэра Воронежа будет Геннадий Чернушкин Подробнее |website=Moe-online.ru |date=2014-12-30 |accessdate=2016-12-16}}</ref>
|leader_name=[[Gusev Alexander]] (''acting'')
|leader_name_ref=<ref name="Leader"/>
|representative_body=[[City Duma]]
|representative_body_ref=
|area_km2=601
|area_km2_ref=<ref name="GKS">{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/munst/munst20/DBInet.cgi|title=База данных показателей муниципальных образований|website=Gks.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>
|pop_2010census=889680
|pop_2010census_rank=15th
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census" />
|pop_latest=1032895
|pop_latest_date=January 1, 2016
|pop_latest_ref=<ref name="2016Est" />
|established_date=1585<ref name="Foundation1585">{{cite web|url=http://www.voronezh-city.ru/mat/history.doc|script-title=ru:Историческая хроника|year=2009|publisher=Муниципальное учреждение культуры Централизованная библиотечная система города Воронежа Центральная городская библиотека имени А. Платонова|language=Russian|format=DOC|accessdate=March 28, 2012}}</ref> or much earlier
|established_title=
|established_date_ref=<ref name="FoundationEarlier">{{cite web|url=http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=386902|script-title=ru:Воронеж может оказаться намного старше|date=August 19, 2010|publisher=Вести|language=Russian|accessdate=March 28, 2012}}</ref>
|current_cat_date=1585
|current_cat_date_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voronezh-city.ru/city/history/ |title=История |website=Voronezh-city.ru |date= |accessdate=2016-12-16}}</ref>
|postal_codes=394000–394095
|postal_codes_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.e-adres.ru/postcodes/3800347/|title=Каталог компаний, справочник компаний России: Желтые страницы России - Евро Адрес|website=E-adres.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830143126/http://www.e-adres.ru/postcodes/3800347/|archivedate=August 30, 2009|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|dialing_codes=473
|dialing_codes_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kody.su/telcodes/russia/voronezh |title=Рекетнммши Йнд Цнпндю Бнпнмеф |website=Kody.su |date= |accessdate=2016-12-16}}</ref>
|website=http://www.voronezh-city.ru/
|website_ref
|date=September 2009
}}
'''Voronezh''' ({{lang-rus|Воро́неж|p=vɐˈronʲɪʂ|}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] and the [[administrative center]] of [[Voronezh Oblast]], [[Russia]], straddling the [[Voronezh River]] and located {{convert|12|km|sp=us}} from where it flows into the [[Don River (Russia)|Don]]. The city sits on the [[Southeastern Railway (Russia)|Southeastern Railway]], which connects European Russia with the [[Ural (region)|Ural]]s and [[Siberia]], the [[Caucasus]] and [[Ukraine]], and the [[M4 highway (Russia)|M4 highway]] ([[Moscow]]–Voronezh–[[Rostov-on-Don]]–[[Novorossiysk]]). Its population in 2016 was estimated to be 1,032,895;<ref name="2016Est">Voronezh Territorial Branch of the [[Russian Federal State Statistics Service|Federal State Statistics Service]]. [http://voronezhstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/voronezhstat/resources/af5cd4004b705cf09534b7797736af7f/Предварительная+оценка+численности+населения+Воронежской+области+на+1.01.2016+года.pdf], Voronezhstat.gks.ru, {{ru icon}}</ref> up from 889,680 recorded in the [[Russian Census (2010)|2010 Census]],<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> and is [[list of cities and towns in Russia by population|the fourteenth most populous city in the country]].

==History==
{{See also|Timeline of Voronezh}}

===Foundation and name===
Voronezh originates as a settlement of the [[Kievan Rus]] in about the 12th century, first mentioned in the ''[[Hypatian Codex]]'' (dated 1177). The [[Voronezh River]] is likely named for the settlement, then in the [[Principality of Chernigov]].<ref>The existence of the 12th-century settlement is assumed in the historical atlas by [[Karl Spruner von Merz]] (1855), ''[[:File:Die Völker und Reiche der Slaven zwichen Elbe und Don bis 1125 - Chrobacia.jpg|Die Völker und Reiche der Slaven zwichen Elbe und Don bis 1125]]'', showing ''Woronesch'' on the river ''Woronesch'' ([http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~34432~1180585:Die-Volker-und-Reiche-der-Slaven-zw?sort=Pub_List_No_InitialSort%2CPub_Date%2CPub_List_No%2CSeries_No high-resolution scan at davidrumsey.com]).</ref>
The toponym is usually derived from a Slavic personal name ''Voroneg'', apparently a derivation from ''[[:wikt:ворон#Russian|voron]]'' "raven",
<ref>Е. М. Поспелов. "Географические названия мира". Москва, 1998. Стр. 104.</ref> The [[comparative linguistics|comparative analysis]] of the name "Voronezh" was carried out by the Khovansky Foundation in 2009.<ref name="Lazarev">А. Лазарев. "Тайна имени Воронежъ" (''The Mystery of the Name of Voronezh''), 2009.</ref>

[[Folk etymology]] displays the name of the city from a [[raven]] and a [[hedgehog]] ''(Воронеж = Ворон(Raven) + Еж(hedgehog))''; allegedly the Slavs called it a river in honor of their tribes, named in turn in honor of the animals concerned. Science does not seriously consider this version.

Voronezh was presumably still in existence when Chernigov was absorbed into the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] in the 15th century;<ref>''Woroneż'' (Wronasz) is shown on the ''Woroneż'' river by [[Stefan Maria Kuczyński|Stefan Kuczyński]] (1936) in a historical map of 15th-century Chernigov, ''[[:File:Ziemie Czernihowsko-Siewierskie w XV wieku.jpg|«Ziemie Czernihowsko-Siewierskie pod rządami Litwy»]]''.</ref>
Voronezh itself was not part of the territory of the Grand Duchy, the middle [[Don River (Russia)|Don]] basin, including the Voronezh river, during the 15th century formed part of the marches separating the Grand Duchies of Lithuania and [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Muscovy]] from the [[Golden Horde]]. In the 16th century, the area was gradually conquered by Muscovy from the [[Nogai Horde]] (a successor state of the Golden Horde), and the current city of Voronezh was established in 1585 by [[Feodor I of Russia|Feodor I]] as a fort protecting the [[Muravsky Trail]] trade route against the raids of the Nogai and Crimean Tatars.<ref name="Foundation1585"/>

===17th to 20th centuries===
[[File:Памятник Петру 1.JPG|thumb|A monument to Peter the Great]]
[[File:Vrn-central.jpg|thumb|right|Center of Voronezh at night]]
[[File:Гото Предестинация у Адмиралтейской площади.JPG|thumb|Voronezh. Ship Museum [[Goto Predestinatsia]]]]
{{refimprove section|date=May 2014}}

In the 17th century, Voronezh gradually evolved into a sizable town.
''Weronecz'' is shown on the ''Worona'' river in [[Principality of Ryazan|Resania]] in [[Joan Blaeu]]'s map of 1645.<ref>''[[:File:Blaeu 1645 - Russiæ vulgo Moscovia pars australis.jpg|Russiæ, vulgo Moscovia, pars australis]]''
in ''Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, sive Atlas Novus in quo Tabulæ et Descriptiones Omnium Regionum, Editæ a Guiljel et Ioanne Blaeu'', 1645.</ref>
[[Peter the Great]] built a [[:ru:Воронежское адмиралтейство|dockyard in Voronezh]] where the Azov Flotilla was constructed for the [[Azov campaigns]] in 1695 and 1696. This fleet, the first ever built in Russia, included the first Russian [[ship of the line]], ''[[Goto Predestinatsia]]''. The Orthodox diocese of Voronezh was instituted in 1682 and its first bishop, [[Mitrofan of Voronezh]], was later proclaimed the town's patron saint.
[[File:Voronezhold.jpg|thumb|right|View of Voronezh in the 18th century]]

Owing to the Voronezh Admiralty Wharf, for a short time, Voronezh became the largest city of South Russia and the economic center of a large and fertile region. In 1711, it was made the seat of the [[Azov Governorate]], which eventually morphed into the [[Voronezh Governorate]].

In the 19th century, Voronezh was a center of the [[Central Black Earth Region]]. Manufacturing industry (mills, tallow-melting, butter-making, soap, leather, and other works) as well as bread, cattle, [[suet]], and the hair trade developed in the town. A railway connected Voronezh with [[Moscow]] in 1868 and [[Rostov-on-Don]] in 1871.

During [[World War II]], Voronezh was the scene of fierce fighting between Russian and combined Axis troops. The Germans used it as a staging area for their attack on [[Battle of Stalingrad|Stalingrad]], and made it a key crossing point on the Don River. In June 1941, two BM-13 (Fighting machine #13 ''[[Katyusha rocket launcher|Katyusha]]'') artillery installations were built at the Voronezh excavator factory. In July, the construction of ''Katyushas'' was rationalized so that their manufacture became easier and the time of volley repetition was shortened from five minutes to fifteen seconds. More than 300 BM-13 units manufactured in Voronezh were used in a counterattack near Moscow in December 1941. In October 22, 1941, the advance of the German troops prompted the establishment of a defense committee in the city. On November 7, 1941, there was a troop parade, devoted to the anniversary of the [[October Revolution]]. Only three such parades were organized that year: in Moscow, [[Samara, Russia|Kuybyshev]], and Voronezh. In late June 1942, the city was [[Battle of Voronezh (1942)|attacked]] by German and Hungarian forces. In response, Soviet forces formed the [[Voronezh Front]]. By July 6, the German army occupied the western river-bank suburbs before being subjected to a fierce Soviet counter-attack. In July 24 frontline was stabilised along Voronezh river. This was the opening move of [[Case Blue]].

Until January 25, 1943, parts of the [[2nd Army (Wehrmacht)|Second German Army]] and the [[Second Army (Hungary)|Second Hungarian Army]] occupied west part of Voronezh. During [[Operation Little Saturn]], the [[Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive]], and the Voronezhsko-Kastornenskoy Offensive, the Voronezh Front exacted heavy casualties on Axis forces. On January 25, 1943, Voronezh was [[Battle of Voronezh (1943)|liberated after ten days of combat]]. During the war the city was almost completely ruined, with 92% of all buildings destroyed.

===1950s–2000s===
By 1950, Voronezh had been rebuilt. Most buildings and historical monuments were repaired. It was also the location of a prestigious [[Suvorov Military School]], a [[boarding school]] for young boys who were considered to be prospective military officers, many of whom had been orphaned by war.<ref>Alex Levin, ''[http://www.azrielifoundation.org/memoirs/books/under-the-yellow-and-red-stars/ Under The Yellow & Red Stars]'' ([[Azrieli Foundation]], 2009), pp. 45ff., "The Suvorov Military School".</ref>

In 1950–1960, new factories were established: a tire factory, a machine-tool factory, a factory of heavy mechanical pressing, and others.
In 1968, Serial production of the [[Tupolev Tu-144]] supersonic plane was established at the Voronezh Aviation factory. In October 1977, the first Soviet domestic wide-body plane, [[Ilyushin Il-86]], was built there.

In 1989, [[Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union|TASS]] published details of an alleged [[Unidentified flying object|UFO]] landing in the city's park and purported encounters with [[extraterrestrials|extraterrestrial beings]] reported by a number of children. A Russian scientist that was cited in initial TASS reports later told the [[Associated Press]] that he was misquoted, cautioning, "Don't believe all you hear from TASS," and "We never gave them part of what they published",<ref name=AP>{{cite news|last=Dahlberg|first=John-Thor|title=Voronzeh Scientist Quoted by TASS Casts Doubt on UFO Landing Story|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1917&dat=19891011&id=-xQxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=y-AFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1042,2604606|accessdate=21 March 2014|newspaper=Associated Press|date=October 11, 1989}}</ref> and a TASS correspondent admitted the possibility that some "make-believe" had been added to the TASS story, saying, "I think there is a certain portion of truth, but it is not excluded that there is also fantasizing".<ref name=UPI>{{cite news|title=UFO lands in Russia? Writer now waffles|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=860&dat=19891010&id=y4FUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Wo8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6525,5193036|accessdate=21 March 2014|newspaper=United Press International|date=October 10, 1989}}</ref><ref name="FeinTimes">{{cite news|last1=Fein|first1=Esther B.|last2=Times|first2=Special To The New York|title=U.F.O. Landing Is Fact, Not Fantasy, the Russians Insist|work=The New York Times|page=6|date=11 October 1989|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/11/world/ufo-landing-is-fact-not-fantasy-the-russians-insist.html}}</ref>

===2010s===

From 10 to 17 September 2011, Voronezh celebrated its 425th anniversary. The anniversary of the city was given the status of a federal scale celebration that helped attract large investments from the [[Federal budget of Russia|federal and regional budgets]] for development.<ref>Интерактивная карта подготовки к 425-летию основания Воронежа (рус.). Сайт администрации города Воронеж (31.08.11). Проверено 24 января 2011</ref>

On December 17, 2012, Voronezh became the fifteenth city in Russia with a population of over one million people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://top.rbc.ru/society/17/12/2012/836948.shtml|title=В Воронеже родился миллионный житель|work=РБК|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>

Today Voronezh is the economic, industrial, cultural, and scientific center of the [[Central Black Earth Region]].
{{Clear}}

==Administrative and municipal status==
[[File:Мэрия.Воронеж.jpg|thumb|left|220px|The Mayor's office of Voronezh]]
Voronezh is the [[administrative center]] of the [[oblast]].<ref name="Ref285">Law #87-OZ</ref> Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], it is incorporated as '''Voronezh [[City of federal subject significance|Urban Okrug]]'''—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of Voronezh Oblast|districts]].<ref name="Ref285"/> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], this administrative unit also has urban okrug status.<ref name="Ref927">Law #66-OZ</ref>
{{Clear}}

===City divisions===
[[File:Districts of voronezh.png|thumb|left|Administrative districts of Voronezh]]
The city is divided into six [[City Raion|administrative districts]]:
*1. [[Zheleznodorozhny City District, Voronezh|Zheleznodorozhny]] (183,17 km²)
*2. [[Tsentralny City District, Voronezh|Tsentralny]] (63,96 km²)
*3. [[Kominternovsky City District|Kominternovsky]] (47,41 km²)
*4. [[Leninsky City District, Voronezh|Leninsky]] (18,53 km²)
*5. [[Sovetsky City District, Voronezh|Sovetsky]] (156,6 km²)
*6. [[Levoberezhny City District, Voronezh|Levoberezhny]] (123,89 km²)
{{Clear}}

===Demographics===
{| border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="5" style="margin:auto; border:1px solid #aaa;"
|- style="background:#aaf;"
|+ style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"| Demographic Evolution
|- style="background:#eef;"
! 1615 !! 1777 !! 1840 !! 1897 !! 1923 !! 1939 !! 1959 !! 1973 !! 1989 !! 1997
|- style="background:#f7f9ff;"
| align=center| 7,000
| align=center| 13,000
| align=center| 43,800
| align=center| 80,599
| align=center| 95,000
| align=center| 326,932
| align=center| 447,164
| align=center| 713,000
| align=center| 886,844
| align=center| 905,000
|- style="background:#eef;"
! 2010<ref name="2010Census" /> !! 2011 !! 2012 !! 2013 !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016<ref name="2016Est"/>
|- style="background:#f7f9ff;"
| align=center| 889,680
| align=center| 979,884
| align=center| 991,269
| align=center| 1,003,638
| align=center| 1,014,610
| align=center| 1,023,570
| align=center| 1,032,895
|}
'''Note:''' 1926–1970 and 2016 are population estimates; 1989 is the Soviet Census; 2002 and 2010 are census urban population only.

==Economy==
The leading sectors of the urban economy in the 20th century were [[mechanical engineering]], [[metalworking]], the [[electronics industry]] and the [[food industry]].

In the city are such companies as:
* [[Voronezh Aircraft Production Association]] ([[Tupolev Tu-144]] is a retired jet airliner, which was the world's first commercial supersonic transport aircraft)
[[File:RIAN archive 566221 Tu-144 passenger airliner.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Tupolev Tu-144]]
* [[Voronezhselmash]] (the leading enterprise of the Russian Federation in the field of agricultural engineering)
* [[Sozvezdie]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sozvezdie.su/|title=Главная страница - АО "Концерн «Созвездие"|website=Vsm-sorter.com|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref> (headquarter, JSC Concern “Sozvezdie”, in 1958 the world's first created mobile telephony and wireless telephone [[Altai (mobile telephone system)|Altai]]
* Verofarm (pharmaceutics, owner [[Abbott Laboratories]]),
* [[Voronezh Mechanical Plant]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vmzvrn.ru/eng/|title=Voronezh Mechanical Plant|website=Vmzvrn.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref> (production of missile and aircraft engines, oil and gas equipment)
* Mining Machinery Holding - RUDGORMASH<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmhc-rudgormash.com|title=MMHC RUDGORMASH Mining Machinery Holding Company|website=Mmhc-rudgormash.com|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref> (production drilling, mineral processing and mining equipment )
* VNiiPM Research Institute of Semiconductor Engineering<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vniipm.ru|title=НИИПМ-->О компании-->Институт сегодня|website=Vniipm.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref> (equipment for plasma-chemical processes, technical-chemical equipment for liquid operations, water treatment equipment)
* KBKhA [[Chemical Automatics Design Bureau]] with notable products:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kbkha.ru|title="Конструкторское Бюро Химавтоматики" - Главная|website=Kbkha.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref> The first Russian built nuclear rocket engine [[RD-0410]] (in the years 1960–1980). The rocket engine [[RD-0109]], which was used in the flight by [[Yuri Gagarin]], the first human to space. And the oxygen-hydrogen liquid-propellant rocket engine for the space-rocket complex "Energiya-Buran", as well as a powerful gas-dynamic laser.
* [[Pirelli]] Voronezh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pirelli.com/corporate/en/press/2013/01/30/pirelli-russian-technologies-joint-venture-launches-technologically-advanced-second-production-line-at-voronezh/|title=Pirelli, Russian Technologies joint venture launches technologically advanced second production line at Voronezh|website=Pirelli.com|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref> and many others.

On the territory of the city district government Maslovka Voronezh region with the support of the Investment Fund of Russia is implementing a project to create an industrial park, "Maslowski", to accommodate more than 100 new businesses, including transformer factory of Siemens. September 7, 2011 in Voronezh opened Global network operation center of Nokia Siemens Networks, which was the fifth in the world and first in Russia.

===Building===
In 2014, 926,000 square meters of housing was delivered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.govvrn.ru/wps/portal/gov/!ut/p/a1/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfGjzOI9AryNPAwtjLz8_QwMDRyNPNx9jENDvIzNTIEKIoEKDHAARwNC-sP1o8BK8JhQkBthkO6oqAgAOPy3bA!!/?1dmy&current=true&urile=wcm%3Apath%3A%2Fvrnmain%2Fmain%2Fregularcontent%2Fnews%2Fnew%2B10042015%2Bs4|title=Официальный портал органов власти|website=Govvrn.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>

===Clusters of Voronezh===
In clusters of tax incentives and different preferences, the full support of the authorities.
A cluster of Oil and Gas Equipment, Radio-electronic cluster, Furniture cluster, IT cluster, Cluster aircraft, Cluster Electromechanics, Transport and logistics cluster, Cluster building materials and technologies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cluster36.ru|title=Главная - ЦКР|website=Cluster36.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==Transportation==
===Air===
The city is served by the [[Voronezh International Airport]], which is located north of the city and is home to Polet Airlines. Voronezh is also home to the [[Pridacha Airport]], a part of a major aircraft manufacturing facility VASO (''Voronezhskoye Aktsionernoye Samoletostroitelnoye Obshchestvo'', Voronezh aircraft production association) where the [[Tupolev Tu-144]] (known in the West as the "Concordski"), was built and the only operational unit is still stored. Voronezh also hosts the [[Voronezh Malshevo]] [[air force]] base in the southwest of the city, which, according to a [[Natural Resources Defense Council]] report, houses [[nuclear bomber]]s.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}

===Rail===
Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Voronezh and Moscow.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/wokzal_voronezh.html |title=Жд вокзал Воронеж | Оригинал жд билета | Жд билеты | Международный аэропорт "Стригино" г. Нижний Новгород, РЖД билет, купить ж д билет, рейсы самолетов в нижний новгород, телефоны справочного бюро аэропорта стригино, заказ ж/д билетов, стоимость жд билетов, билеты на поезд, бронирование, авиарейсы - Аэропорт Нижний Новгород - Нижегородский аэропорт - сайт аэропорта нижний новгород стригино - МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ АЭРОПОРТ НИЖНИЙ НОВГОРОД |website=Nnov-airport.ru |date= |accessdate=2016-12-16}}</ref> Rail services form a part of the [[South Eastern Railway (Russia)|South Eastern Railway]] of the [[Russian Railways]]. Destinations served direct from Voronezh include Moscow, Kiev, Kursk, Novorossiysk, Sochi, and Tambov.

===Bus===
There are three Bus Stations in Voronezh that connect the city with a large number of destinations including [[Moscow]], [[Belgorod]], [[Lipetsk]], [[Volgograd]], [[Rostov-on-Don]], [[Astrakhan]] and many more.

==Climate==
Voronezh experiences a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dfb'') with long, cold winters and short, warm summers.

{{Weather box
|location=Voronezh
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|Jan record high C=8.0
|Feb record high C=11.0
|Mar record high C=18.4
|Apr record high C=29.2
|May record high C=35.7
|Jun record high C=38.9
|Jul record high C=40.1
|Aug record high C=40.5
|Sep record high C=32.1
|Oct record high C=26.5
|Nov record high C=18.1
|Dec record high C=12.4
|year record high C=40.5
|Jan high C=-3.4
|Feb high C=-3.0
|Mar high C=2.9
|Apr high C=13.9
|May high C=21.1
|Jun high C=24.5
|Jul high C=26.6
|Aug high C=25.6
|Sep high C=18.9
|Oct high C=10.9
|Nov high C=2.3
|Dec high C=-2.5
|year high C=11.5
|Jan mean C=-6.1
|Feb mean C=-6.5
|Mar mean C=-1.0
|Apr mean C=8.3
|May mean C=14.8
|Jun mean C=18.5
|Jul mean C=20.5
|Aug mean C=19.2
|Sep mean C = 13.3
|Oct mean C = 6.9
|Nov mean C = -0.4
|Dec mean C = -5.0
|year mean C = 6.9
|Jan low C = -8.8
|Feb low C = -9.3
|Mar low C = -4.2
|Apr low C = 3.6
|May low C = 9.3
|Jun low C = 13.2
|Jul low C = 15.2
|Aug low C = 13.7
|Sep low C = 8.7
|Oct low C = 3.6
|Nov low C = -2.6
|Dec low C = -7.6
|year low C = 2.9
|Jan record low C = -36.5
|Feb record low C = -36.2
|Mar record low C = -32.0
|Apr record low C = -16.8
|May record low C = -3.3
|Jun record low C = -1.6
|Jul record low C = 5.0
|Aug record low C = 0.4
|Sep record low C = -5.2
|Oct record low C = -15.2
|Nov record low C = -25.1
|Dec record low C = -33.4
|year record low C = -36.5
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm = 41
|Feb precipitation mm = 37
|Mar precipitation mm = 33
|Apr precipitation mm = 38
|May precipitation mm = 46
|Jun precipitation mm = 74
|Jul precipitation mm = 62
|Aug precipitation mm = 52
|Sep precipitation mm = 61
|Oct precipitation mm = 50
|Nov precipitation mm = 46
|Dec precipitation mm = 44
|year precipitation mm = 584
|Jan humidity = 84
|Feb humidity = 82
|Mar humidity = 77
|Apr humidity = 66
|May humidity = 61
|Jun humidity = 67
|Jul humidity = 68
|Aug humidity = 67
|Sep humidity = 73
|Oct humidity = 79
|Nov humidity = 85
|Dec humidity = 85
|year humidity = 75
|Jan rain days = 8
|Feb rain days = 6
|Mar rain days = 8
|Apr rain days = 12
|May rain days = 13
|Jun rain days = 15
|Jul rain days = 13
|Aug rain days = 10
|Sep rain days = 13
|Oct rain days = 14
|Nov rain days = 13
|Dec rain days = 9
|year rain days = 134
|Jan snow days = 21
|Feb snow days = 20
|Mar snow days = 14
|Apr snow days = 3
|May snow days = 0.2
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0.1
|Oct snow days = 3
|Nov snow days = 12
|Dec snow days = 20
|year snow days = 93
|Jan sun = 62
|Feb sun = 86
|Mar sun = 125
|Apr sun = 184
|May sun = 268
|Jun sun = 284
|Jul sun = 286
|Aug sun = 254
|Sep sun = 185
|Oct sun = 111
|Nov sun = 45
|Dec sun = 38
|year sun = 1928
|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net,<ref name="pogoda">{{cite web
| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/34123.htm
| title = Pogoda.ru.net
| accessdate = December 10, 2015
| publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)
| language = Russian}}</ref>
|source 2 = NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)<ref name = NOAA >
{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/RE/34122.TXT
| title = Voronez (Voronezh) Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = December 10, 2015}}</ref>
|date=January 2011
}}

{{Clear}}

==Education and culture==
[[File:A parkway in Koltsovsky Garden Square, Voronezh, Russia.jpg|thumb|Snow at night in a Voronezh park]]

The city has seven theaters, twelve museums, a number of movie theaters, a philharmonic hall, and a circus. It is also a major center of higher education in central Russia. The main educational facilities include:

* [[Voronezh State University]]
* Voronezh State Technical University
* Voronezh State University of Architecture and Construction
* Voronezh State Pedagogical University
* Voronezh State Agricultural University
* Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies
* [[Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko]]
* Voronezh State Academy of Arts
* Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov
* Voronezh State Institute of Physical Training
* Voronezh Institute of Russia's Home Affairs Ministry
* Voronezh Military Aviation Engineering University
* Voronezh Institute of High Technologies
* Voronezh Air Force Academy named after Prof. Zhukovsky and Gagarin
* [[Plekhanov Russian University of Economics]] (Voronezh branch)
* Russian State University of Justice<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cb.rgup.ru/?mod=pages&id=1261|title=О филиале|website=Cb.rgup.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>
* Admiral Makarov State University of Sea and River Fleet (Voronezh branch)
* International Institute of Computer Technologies
* Voronezh Institute of Economics and Law

and a number of other affiliate and private-funded institutes and universities. There are 2000 schools within the city.

===Theaters===
* Voronezh Chamber Theatre<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chambervrn.ru/o-teatre.html|title=Воронежский камерный театр|website=Chambervrn.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821130235/http://chambervrn.ru/o-teatre.html|archivedate=August 21, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* Koltsov Academic Drama Theater<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voronezhdrama.ru|title=Воронежский Академический Театр драмы им. А. Кольцова|website=Voronezhdrama.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>
* Voronezh State [[Opera]] and [[Ballet]] Theatre<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theatre-vrn.ru/|title=Воронежский государственный театр оперы и балета – официальный сайт|website=Theatre-vrn.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>
* Shut Puppet Theater<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.puppet-shut.ru/|title=.:. Òåàòð Êóêîë - "ØÓÒ" .:.|author=|website=Puppet-shut.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>

===Festivals===
[[Platonov Arts Festival|Platonov International Arts Festival]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://platonovfest.com/festival|title=Фестиваль|website=Platonovfest.com|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>

{{Clear}}

==Sports==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Club !! Sport !! Founded !! Current League !! League Rank !! Stadium
|-
|[[FC Fakel Voronezh|Fakel Voronezh]]
|[[Association Football|Football]]
|1947
|[[Russian Football National League]]
|2nd
|[[Tsentralnyi Profsoyuz Stadion (Voronezh)|Tsentralnyi Profsoyuz Stadion]]
|-
|[[FC Energy Voronezh|Energy Voronezh]]
|[[Association Football|Football]]
|1989
|[[Russian Women's Football Championship|Women's Premier League]]
|1st
|Rudgormash Stadium
|-
|[[Buran Voronezh]]
|[[Ice Hockey]]
|1977
|[[Higher Hockey League]]
|2nd
|Yubileyny Sports Palace
|-
|VC Voronezh
|[[Volleyball]]
|2006
|Women's Higher Volleyball League A
|2nd
|Kristall Sports Complex
|}

==Religion==
[[File:Annunciation Cathedral in Voronezh1.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Annunciation Orthodox Cathedral in Voronezh]]

[[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]] is the prevalent religion in Voronezh.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}}

There is an orthodox Jewish community in Voronezh, with a synagogue located on Stankevicha Street.<ref>{{cite web|author=14:50 |url=http://rg.ru/2014/10/20/reg-cfo/sinagoga.html |title=В Воронеже открыли одну из крупнейших синагог России|website=Rg.ru |date= |accessdate=2016-12-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Jewish Community of Voronezh|url=http://evrei-vrn.ru/en/|website=evrei-vrn.ru|accessdate=6 August 2016}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==Notable people==
[[File:Nikolay Ge 015.jpeg|thumb|Nikolai Ge. Mary, sister of Lazarus, meets Jesus who is going to their house]]
{{Main|List of people from Voronezh}}
*[[Nikolay Basov]], physicist
*[[Ivan Bunin]], writer
*[[Alexey Andreyevich Khovansky|Alexey Khovansky]], editor
*[[Arkady Davidowitz]], writer and aphorist
*[[Pavel Cherenkov]], physicist
*[[Kirill Gerstein]], musician
*[[Mikhail Tsvet]], botanist
*[[Konstantin Feoktistov]], cosmonaut and engineer
*Poets and writers such as [[Andrei Platonov|Platonov]], [[Aleksey Koltsov|Koltsov]], [[Ivan Savvich Nikitin|Ivan S. Nikitin]], [[Samuil Marshak|Marshak]], [[Vasiliy Mihaylovich Peskov|Peskov]], Troepolsky;
*Painters [[Ivan Kramskoi|Kramskoi]], [[Nikolai Ge|Ge]], [[Alexander V. Kuprin|Kuprin]]
*[[Valerian Albanov]], navigator and polar explorer
*[[Alexander Litvinenko]], political dissident
*[[Grigory Sanakoev]], chess player
*[[Yelena Davydova]] and [[Aleksandr Tkachyov (gymnast)|Aleksandr Tkachyov]], gymnasts
*[[Yevgeny Lapinsky]], Olympic volleyball player
*[[Valentina Popova]], weightlifter
*[[Dmitri Sautin]], diver
*[[Volin]], anarchist
*[[Serge Voronoff]], surgeon
*[[Osip Mandelstam]], poet
*[[Vladimir Patkin]], Olympic volleyball player
*[[Andrei Platonov]], writer
*[[Sektor Gaza]], punk band
*[[Mitrofan Pyatnitsky]], musician
*[[Viktoria Komova]], Olympic gymnast
*[[Eduard Vorganov]], professional cyclist
*[[Igor Samsonov]], painter

==Sister Cities==
Source:<ref>{{cite web|author=Рациональная маршрутная сеть |url=http://www.voronezh-city.ru/index.php?r=hist&d=613 |title=Воронеж: официальный сайт администрации городского округа |publisher=Voronezh-city.ru |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="background:#ffffef; float:left;"
|-
! style="background:#811541" | Date
! style="background:#811541" |  
! style="background:#811541" | Sister City
|-
| 1968
| style="background:#ffffcf;"|{{flagicon|CZE}}
| '''[[Brno]]''', [[Czech Republic]]<ref name="Brno twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=2222&nav02=1249 |title=City of Brno Foreign Relations - Statutory city of Brno |publisher=2.brno.cz |language=Czech |accessdate=6 September 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115084015/http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=2222&nav02=1249 |archivedate=January 15, 2016 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brno.cz/index.php?nav02=1985&nav01=34&nav03=1010&nav04=1016&nav05=1249&nav06=1272|title=Brno - Partnerská města|publisher=Brno.cz|language=Czech|accessdate=2009-07-17}}</ref>
|-
| 1989
| style="background:#ffffcf;"|{{flagicon|GER}}
| '''[[Wesermarsch]]''', [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]
|-
| 1991
| style="background:#ffffcf;"|{{flagicon|USA}}
| '''[[Charlotte]]''', [[North Carolina]], [[United States]]
|-
| 1992
| style="background:#ffffcf;"|{{flagicon|PRC}}
| '''[[Chongqing]]''', [[China]]
|-
| 1995
| style="background:#ffffcf;"|{{flagicon|BUL}}
| '''[[Sliven]]''', [[Bulgaria]]
|-
| 1996
| style="background:#ffffcf;"|{{flagicon|ESP}}
| '''[[León, Spain|León]]''', [[Castile and León]], [[Spain]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.larazon.es/noticia/ciudades-y-pueblos-se-benefician-del-hermanamiento-con-otros-territorios|title=Ciudades y pueblos se benefician del hermanamiento con otros territorios|publisher=Larazon.es|date=|accessdate=2011-09-16}}</ref>
|}
{{Clear}}

==References==

===Notes===
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|vor|adm|law}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|vor|mun|list|voronezh}}

==Further reading==
{{See also|Timeline of Voronezh#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Voronezh}}
*Charlotte Hobson's book, ''Black Earth City'', is an account of life in Voronezh at the time of the fall of the Soviet Union based on her experiences after spending a year in Voronezh as a foreign student in 1991–1992.
*[[Nadezhda Mandelstam]]'s ''Hope Against Hope'', the first volume of her memoirs concerning her husband, the poet [[Osip Mandelstam]], provides many details about life in Voronezh in the 1930s under [[Stalinist]] rule.

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
* {{wikivoyage inline|Voronezh}}
*[http://www.voronezh-city.ru/en/ Official website of Voronezh]
*[http://www.voronezh-city.ru/ Official website of Voronezh] {{ru icon}}
*[https://archive.is/20121204162233/http://www.voronezh.net/ Unofficial website of Voronezh] {{ru icon}}
*[http://www.vsu.ru/english/index.html Voronezh State University]
*[http://maps.yandex.com/?text=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C%20%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%2C%20%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6&sll=39.204096%2C51.662496&ll=39.188868%2C51.664017&spn=0.234833%2C0.042274&z=12&l=map%2Cstv&ol=stv&oll=39.202978%2C51.661731&ost=dir%3A39.07641937637682%2C-0.5025945571323011~spn%3A90%2C55.517081202120046 Panoramic views of Voronezh]

{{Voronezh Oblast}}
{{Cities of Military Glory}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2012}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Archaeological sites in Russia]]
[[Category:Voronezh|*]]
[[Category:Cities of Military Glory]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1586]]
[[Category:Voronezh Governorate]]

Voronezh

2018-06-14T18:24:29Z

Luch4: /* Foundation and name */

{{Infobox Russian city
|en_name=Voronezh
|ru_name=Воронеж
|image_skyline=Главное здание управления ЮВЖД.jpg
|image_caption=View of Voronezh
|coordinates = {{coord|51|40|18|N|39|12|38|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=right
|image_flag=Flag of Voronezh.png
|flag_caption
|image_coa=Coat of arms of Voronezh.png
|coa_caption=
|holiday=Third Saturday of September
|holiday_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mir36.ru/news/events/den-goroda-voronezh-2015/|title=День города Воронеж 2015|website=Mir36.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>
|federal_subject=[[Voronezh Oblast]]
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="Ref285"/>
|adm_data_as_of=December 2011
|adm_city_jur=Voronezh [[City of federal subject significance|Urban Okrug]]
|adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref285"/>
|adm_ctr_of1=Voronezh Oblast
|adm_ctr_of1_ref=<ref name="Ref285"/>
|adm_ctr_of2=Voronezh Urban Okrug
|adm_ctr_of2_ref=<ref name="Ref285"/>
|inhabloc_cat=City
|inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="Ref285"/>
|inhabloc_type=
|inhabloc_type_ref=
|mun_data_as_of=October 2005
|urban_okrug_jur=Voronezh Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref927"/>
|mun_admctr_of=Voronezh Urban Okrug
|mun_admctr_of_ref=<ref name="Ref927"/>
|leader_title=Mayor
|leader_title_ref=<ref name="Leader">{{cite web|url=http://www.moe-online.ru/news/view/256982.html |title=Исполнять обязанности мэра Воронежа будет Геннадий Чернушкин Подробнее |website=Moe-online.ru |date=2014-12-30 |accessdate=2016-12-16}}</ref>
|leader_name=[[Gusev Alexander]] (''acting'')
|leader_name_ref=<ref name="Leader"/>
|representative_body=[[City Duma]]
|representative_body_ref=
|area_km2=601
|area_km2_ref=<ref name="GKS">{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/munst/munst20/DBInet.cgi|title=База данных показателей муниципальных образований|website=Gks.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>
|pop_2010census=889680
|pop_2010census_rank=15th
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census" />
|pop_latest=1032895
|pop_latest_date=January 1, 2016
|pop_latest_ref=<ref name="2016Est" />
|established_date=1585<ref name="Foundation1585">{{cite web|url=http://www.voronezh-city.ru/mat/history.doc|script-title=ru:Историческая хроника|year=2009|publisher=Муниципальное учреждение культуры Централизованная библиотечная система города Воронежа Центральная городская библиотека имени А. Платонова|language=Russian|format=DOC|accessdate=March 28, 2012}}</ref> or much earlier
|established_title=
|established_date_ref=<ref name="FoundationEarlier">{{cite web|url=http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=386902|script-title=ru:Воронеж может оказаться намного старше|date=August 19, 2010|publisher=Вести|language=Russian|accessdate=March 28, 2012}}</ref>
|current_cat_date=1585
|current_cat_date_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voronezh-city.ru/city/history/ |title=История |website=Voronezh-city.ru |date= |accessdate=2016-12-16}}</ref>
|postal_codes=394000–394095
|postal_codes_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.e-adres.ru/postcodes/3800347/|title=Каталог компаний, справочник компаний России: Желтые страницы России - Евро Адрес|website=E-adres.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830143126/http://www.e-adres.ru/postcodes/3800347/|archivedate=August 30, 2009|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|dialing_codes=473
|dialing_codes_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kody.su/telcodes/russia/voronezh |title=Рекетнммши Йнд Цнпндю Бнпнмеф |website=Kody.su |date= |accessdate=2016-12-16}}</ref>
|website=http://www.voronezh-city.ru/
|website_ref
|date=September 2009
}}
'''Voronezh''' ({{lang-rus|Воро́неж|p=vɐˈronʲɪʂ|}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] and the [[administrative center]] of [[Voronezh Oblast]], [[Russia]], straddling the [[Voronezh River]] and located {{convert|12|km|sp=us}} from where it flows into the [[Don River (Russia)|Don]]. The city sits on the [[Southeastern Railway (Russia)|Southeastern Railway]], which connects European Russia with the [[Ural (region)|Ural]]s and [[Siberia]], the [[Caucasus]] and [[Ukraine]], and the [[M4 highway (Russia)|M4 highway]] ([[Moscow]]–Voronezh–[[Rostov-on-Don]]–[[Novorossiysk]]). Its population in 2016 was estimated to be 1,032,895;<ref name="2016Est">Voronezh Territorial Branch of the [[Russian Federal State Statistics Service|Federal State Statistics Service]]. [http://voronezhstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/voronezhstat/resources/af5cd4004b705cf09534b7797736af7f/Предварительная+оценка+численности+населения+Воронежской+области+на+1.01.2016+года.pdf], Voronezhstat.gks.ru, {{ru icon}}</ref> up from 889,680 recorded in the [[Russian Census (2010)|2010 Census]],<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> and is [[list of cities and towns in Russia by population|the fourteenth most populous city in the country]].

==History==
{{See also|Timeline of Voronezh}}

===Foundation and name===
Voronezh originates as a settlement of the [[Kievan Rus]] in about the 12th century, first mentioned in the ''[[Hypatian Codex]]'' (dated 1177). The [[Voronezh River]] is likely named for the settlement, then in the [[Principality of Chernigov]].<ref>The existence of the 12th-century settlement is assumed in the historical atlas by [[Karl Spruner von Merz]] (1855), ''[[:File:Die Völker und Reiche der Slaven zwichen Elbe und Don bis 1125 - Chrobacia.jpg|Die Völker und Reiche der Slaven zwichen Elbe und Don bis 1125]]'', showing ''Woronesch'' on the river ''Woronesch'' ([http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~34432~1180585:Die-Volker-und-Reiche-der-Slaven-zw?sort=Pub_List_No_InitialSort%2CPub_Date%2CPub_List_No%2CSeries_No high-resolution scan at davidrumsey.com]).</ref>
The toponym is usually derived from a Slavic personal name ''Voroneg'', apparently a derivation from ''[[:wikt:ворон#Russian|voron]]'' "raven",
<ref>Е. М. Поспелов. "Географические названия мира". Москва, 1998. Стр. 104.</ref> The [[comparative linguistics|comparative analysis]] of the name "Voronezh" was carried out by the Khovansky Foundation in 2009.<ref name="Lazarev">А. Лазарев. "Тайна имени Воронежъ" (''The Mystery of the Name of Voronezh''), 2009.</ref>

[[Folk etymology]] displays the name of the city from a [[raven]] and a [[hedgehog]] (Воронеж = Ворон(Raven) + Еж(hedgehog)); allegedly the Slavs called it a river in honor of their tribes, named in turn in honor of the animals concerned. Science does not seriously consider this version.

Voronezh was presumably still in existence when Chernigov was absorbed into the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] in the 15th century;<ref>''Woroneż'' (Wronasz) is shown on the ''Woroneż'' river by [[Stefan Maria Kuczyński|Stefan Kuczyński]] (1936) in a historical map of 15th-century Chernigov, ''[[:File:Ziemie Czernihowsko-Siewierskie w XV wieku.jpg|«Ziemie Czernihowsko-Siewierskie pod rządami Litwy»]]''.</ref>
Voronezh itself was not part of the territory of the Grand Duchy, the middle [[Don River (Russia)|Don]] basin, including the Voronezh river, during the 15th century formed part of the marches separating the Grand Duchies of Lithuania and [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Muscovy]] from the [[Golden Horde]]. In the 16th century, the area was gradually conquered by Muscovy from the [[Nogai Horde]] (a successor state of the Golden Horde), and the current city of Voronezh was established in 1585 by [[Feodor I of Russia|Feodor I]] as a fort protecting the [[Muravsky Trail]] trade route against the raids of the Nogai and Crimean Tatars.<ref name="Foundation1585"/>

===17th to 20th centuries===
[[File:Памятник Петру 1.JPG|thumb|A monument to Peter the Great]]
[[File:Vrn-central.jpg|thumb|right|Center of Voronezh at night]]
[[File:Гото Предестинация у Адмиралтейской площади.JPG|thumb|Voronezh. Ship Museum [[Goto Predestinatsia]]]]
{{refimprove section|date=May 2014}}

In the 17th century, Voronezh gradually evolved into a sizable town.
''Weronecz'' is shown on the ''Worona'' river in [[Principality of Ryazan|Resania]] in [[Joan Blaeu]]'s map of 1645.<ref>''[[:File:Blaeu 1645 - Russiæ vulgo Moscovia pars australis.jpg|Russiæ, vulgo Moscovia, pars australis]]''
in ''Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, sive Atlas Novus in quo Tabulæ et Descriptiones Omnium Regionum, Editæ a Guiljel et Ioanne Blaeu'', 1645.</ref>
[[Peter the Great]] built a [[:ru:Воронежское адмиралтейство|dockyard in Voronezh]] where the Azov Flotilla was constructed for the [[Azov campaigns]] in 1695 and 1696. This fleet, the first ever built in Russia, included the first Russian [[ship of the line]], ''[[Goto Predestinatsia]]''. The Orthodox diocese of Voronezh was instituted in 1682 and its first bishop, [[Mitrofan of Voronezh]], was later proclaimed the town's patron saint.
[[File:Voronezhold.jpg|thumb|right|View of Voronezh in the 18th century]]

Owing to the Voronezh Admiralty Wharf, for a short time, Voronezh became the largest city of South Russia and the economic center of a large and fertile region. In 1711, it was made the seat of the [[Azov Governorate]], which eventually morphed into the [[Voronezh Governorate]].

In the 19th century, Voronezh was a center of the [[Central Black Earth Region]]. Manufacturing industry (mills, tallow-melting, butter-making, soap, leather, and other works) as well as bread, cattle, [[suet]], and the hair trade developed in the town. A railway connected Voronezh with [[Moscow]] in 1868 and [[Rostov-on-Don]] in 1871.

During [[World War II]], Voronezh was the scene of fierce fighting between Russian and combined Axis troops. The Germans used it as a staging area for their attack on [[Battle of Stalingrad|Stalingrad]], and made it a key crossing point on the Don River. In June 1941, two BM-13 (Fighting machine #13 ''[[Katyusha rocket launcher|Katyusha]]'') artillery installations were built at the Voronezh excavator factory. In July, the construction of ''Katyushas'' was rationalized so that their manufacture became easier and the time of volley repetition was shortened from five minutes to fifteen seconds. More than 300 BM-13 units manufactured in Voronezh were used in a counterattack near Moscow in December 1941. In October 22, 1941, the advance of the German troops prompted the establishment of a defense committee in the city. On November 7, 1941, there was a troop parade, devoted to the anniversary of the [[October Revolution]]. Only three such parades were organized that year: in Moscow, [[Samara, Russia|Kuybyshev]], and Voronezh. In late June 1942, the city was [[Battle of Voronezh (1942)|attacked]] by German and Hungarian forces. In response, Soviet forces formed the [[Voronezh Front]]. By July 6, the German army occupied the western river-bank suburbs before being subjected to a fierce Soviet counter-attack. In July 24 frontline was stabilised along Voronezh river. This was the opening move of [[Case Blue]].

Until January 25, 1943, parts of the [[2nd Army (Wehrmacht)|Second German Army]] and the [[Second Army (Hungary)|Second Hungarian Army]] occupied west part of Voronezh. During [[Operation Little Saturn]], the [[Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive]], and the Voronezhsko-Kastornenskoy Offensive, the Voronezh Front exacted heavy casualties on Axis forces. On January 25, 1943, Voronezh was [[Battle of Voronezh (1943)|liberated after ten days of combat]]. During the war the city was almost completely ruined, with 92% of all buildings destroyed.

===1950s–2000s===
By 1950, Voronezh had been rebuilt. Most buildings and historical monuments were repaired. It was also the location of a prestigious [[Suvorov Military School]], a [[boarding school]] for young boys who were considered to be prospective military officers, many of whom had been orphaned by war.<ref>Alex Levin, ''[http://www.azrielifoundation.org/memoirs/books/under-the-yellow-and-red-stars/ Under The Yellow & Red Stars]'' ([[Azrieli Foundation]], 2009), pp. 45ff., "The Suvorov Military School".</ref>

In 1950–1960, new factories were established: a tire factory, a machine-tool factory, a factory of heavy mechanical pressing, and others.
In 1968, Serial production of the [[Tupolev Tu-144]] supersonic plane was established at the Voronezh Aviation factory. In October 1977, the first Soviet domestic wide-body plane, [[Ilyushin Il-86]], was built there.

In 1989, [[Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union|TASS]] published details of an alleged [[Unidentified flying object|UFO]] landing in the city's park and purported encounters with [[extraterrestrials|extraterrestrial beings]] reported by a number of children. A Russian scientist that was cited in initial TASS reports later told the [[Associated Press]] that he was misquoted, cautioning, "Don't believe all you hear from TASS," and "We never gave them part of what they published",<ref name=AP>{{cite news|last=Dahlberg|first=John-Thor|title=Voronzeh Scientist Quoted by TASS Casts Doubt on UFO Landing Story|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1917&dat=19891011&id=-xQxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=y-AFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1042,2604606|accessdate=21 March 2014|newspaper=Associated Press|date=October 11, 1989}}</ref> and a TASS correspondent admitted the possibility that some "make-believe" had been added to the TASS story, saying, "I think there is a certain portion of truth, but it is not excluded that there is also fantasizing".<ref name=UPI>{{cite news|title=UFO lands in Russia? Writer now waffles|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=860&dat=19891010&id=y4FUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Wo8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6525,5193036|accessdate=21 March 2014|newspaper=United Press International|date=October 10, 1989}}</ref><ref name="FeinTimes">{{cite news|last1=Fein|first1=Esther B.|last2=Times|first2=Special To The New York|title=U.F.O. Landing Is Fact, Not Fantasy, the Russians Insist|work=The New York Times|page=6|date=11 October 1989|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/11/world/ufo-landing-is-fact-not-fantasy-the-russians-insist.html}}</ref>

===2010s===

From 10 to 17 September 2011, Voronezh celebrated its 425th anniversary. The anniversary of the city was given the status of a federal scale celebration that helped attract large investments from the [[Federal budget of Russia|federal and regional budgets]] for development.<ref>Интерактивная карта подготовки к 425-летию основания Воронежа (рус.). Сайт администрации города Воронеж (31.08.11). Проверено 24 января 2011</ref>

On December 17, 2012, Voronezh became the fifteenth city in Russia with a population of over one million people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://top.rbc.ru/society/17/12/2012/836948.shtml|title=В Воронеже родился миллионный житель|work=РБК|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>

Today Voronezh is the economic, industrial, cultural, and scientific center of the [[Central Black Earth Region]].
{{Clear}}

==Administrative and municipal status==
[[File:Мэрия.Воронеж.jpg|thumb|left|220px|The Mayor's office of Voronezh]]
Voronezh is the [[administrative center]] of the [[oblast]].<ref name="Ref285">Law #87-OZ</ref> Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], it is incorporated as '''Voronezh [[City of federal subject significance|Urban Okrug]]'''—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of Voronezh Oblast|districts]].<ref name="Ref285"/> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], this administrative unit also has urban okrug status.<ref name="Ref927">Law #66-OZ</ref>
{{Clear}}

===City divisions===
[[File:Districts of voronezh.png|thumb|left|Administrative districts of Voronezh]]
The city is divided into six [[City Raion|administrative districts]]:
*1. [[Zheleznodorozhny City District, Voronezh|Zheleznodorozhny]] (183,17 km²)
*2. [[Tsentralny City District, Voronezh|Tsentralny]] (63,96 km²)
*3. [[Kominternovsky City District|Kominternovsky]] (47,41 km²)
*4. [[Leninsky City District, Voronezh|Leninsky]] (18,53 km²)
*5. [[Sovetsky City District, Voronezh|Sovetsky]] (156,6 km²)
*6. [[Levoberezhny City District, Voronezh|Levoberezhny]] (123,89 km²)
{{Clear}}

===Demographics===
{| border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="5" style="margin:auto; border:1px solid #aaa;"
|- style="background:#aaf;"
|+ style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"| Demographic Evolution
|- style="background:#eef;"
! 1615 !! 1777 !! 1840 !! 1897 !! 1923 !! 1939 !! 1959 !! 1973 !! 1989 !! 1997
|- style="background:#f7f9ff;"
| align=center| 7,000
| align=center| 13,000
| align=center| 43,800
| align=center| 80,599
| align=center| 95,000
| align=center| 326,932
| align=center| 447,164
| align=center| 713,000
| align=center| 886,844
| align=center| 905,000
|- style="background:#eef;"
! 2010<ref name="2010Census" /> !! 2011 !! 2012 !! 2013 !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016<ref name="2016Est"/>
|- style="background:#f7f9ff;"
| align=center| 889,680
| align=center| 979,884
| align=center| 991,269
| align=center| 1,003,638
| align=center| 1,014,610
| align=center| 1,023,570
| align=center| 1,032,895
|}
'''Note:''' 1926–1970 and 2016 are population estimates; 1989 is the Soviet Census; 2002 and 2010 are census urban population only.

==Economy==
The leading sectors of the urban economy in the 20th century were [[mechanical engineering]], [[metalworking]], the [[electronics industry]] and the [[food industry]].

In the city are such companies as:
* [[Voronezh Aircraft Production Association]] ([[Tupolev Tu-144]] is a retired jet airliner, which was the world's first commercial supersonic transport aircraft)
[[File:RIAN archive 566221 Tu-144 passenger airliner.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Tupolev Tu-144]]
* [[Voronezhselmash]] (the leading enterprise of the Russian Federation in the field of agricultural engineering)
* [[Sozvezdie]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sozvezdie.su/|title=Главная страница - АО "Концерн «Созвездие"|website=Vsm-sorter.com|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref> (headquarter, JSC Concern “Sozvezdie”, in 1958 the world's first created mobile telephony and wireless telephone [[Altai (mobile telephone system)|Altai]]
* Verofarm (pharmaceutics, owner [[Abbott Laboratories]]),
* [[Voronezh Mechanical Plant]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vmzvrn.ru/eng/|title=Voronezh Mechanical Plant|website=Vmzvrn.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref> (production of missile and aircraft engines, oil and gas equipment)
* Mining Machinery Holding - RUDGORMASH<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmhc-rudgormash.com|title=MMHC RUDGORMASH Mining Machinery Holding Company|website=Mmhc-rudgormash.com|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref> (production drilling, mineral processing and mining equipment )
* VNiiPM Research Institute of Semiconductor Engineering<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vniipm.ru|title=НИИПМ-->О компании-->Институт сегодня|website=Vniipm.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref> (equipment for plasma-chemical processes, technical-chemical equipment for liquid operations, water treatment equipment)
* KBKhA [[Chemical Automatics Design Bureau]] with notable products:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kbkha.ru|title="Конструкторское Бюро Химавтоматики" - Главная|website=Kbkha.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref> The first Russian built nuclear rocket engine [[RD-0410]] (in the years 1960–1980). The rocket engine [[RD-0109]], which was used in the flight by [[Yuri Gagarin]], the first human to space. And the oxygen-hydrogen liquid-propellant rocket engine for the space-rocket complex "Energiya-Buran", as well as a powerful gas-dynamic laser.
* [[Pirelli]] Voronezh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pirelli.com/corporate/en/press/2013/01/30/pirelli-russian-technologies-joint-venture-launches-technologically-advanced-second-production-line-at-voronezh/|title=Pirelli, Russian Technologies joint venture launches technologically advanced second production line at Voronezh|website=Pirelli.com|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref> and many others.

On the territory of the city district government Maslovka Voronezh region with the support of the Investment Fund of Russia is implementing a project to create an industrial park, "Maslowski", to accommodate more than 100 new businesses, including transformer factory of Siemens. September 7, 2011 in Voronezh opened Global network operation center of Nokia Siemens Networks, which was the fifth in the world and first in Russia.

===Building===
In 2014, 926,000 square meters of housing was delivered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.govvrn.ru/wps/portal/gov/!ut/p/a1/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfGjzOI9AryNPAwtjLz8_QwMDRyNPNx9jENDvIzNTIEKIoEKDHAARwNC-sP1o8BK8JhQkBthkO6oqAgAOPy3bA!!/?1dmy&current=true&urile=wcm%3Apath%3A%2Fvrnmain%2Fmain%2Fregularcontent%2Fnews%2Fnew%2B10042015%2Bs4|title=Официальный портал органов власти|website=Govvrn.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>

===Clusters of Voronezh===
In clusters of tax incentives and different preferences, the full support of the authorities.
A cluster of Oil and Gas Equipment, Radio-electronic cluster, Furniture cluster, IT cluster, Cluster aircraft, Cluster Electromechanics, Transport and logistics cluster, Cluster building materials and technologies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cluster36.ru|title=Главная - ЦКР|website=Cluster36.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==Transportation==
===Air===
The city is served by the [[Voronezh International Airport]], which is located north of the city and is home to Polet Airlines. Voronezh is also home to the [[Pridacha Airport]], a part of a major aircraft manufacturing facility VASO (''Voronezhskoye Aktsionernoye Samoletostroitelnoye Obshchestvo'', Voronezh aircraft production association) where the [[Tupolev Tu-144]] (known in the West as the "Concordski"), was built and the only operational unit is still stored. Voronezh also hosts the [[Voronezh Malshevo]] [[air force]] base in the southwest of the city, which, according to a [[Natural Resources Defense Council]] report, houses [[nuclear bomber]]s.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}

===Rail===
Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Voronezh and Moscow.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/wokzal_voronezh.html |title=Жд вокзал Воронеж | Оригинал жд билета | Жд билеты | Международный аэропорт "Стригино" г. Нижний Новгород, РЖД билет, купить ж д билет, рейсы самолетов в нижний новгород, телефоны справочного бюро аэропорта стригино, заказ ж/д билетов, стоимость жд билетов, билеты на поезд, бронирование, авиарейсы - Аэропорт Нижний Новгород - Нижегородский аэропорт - сайт аэропорта нижний новгород стригино - МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ АЭРОПОРТ НИЖНИЙ НОВГОРОД |website=Nnov-airport.ru |date= |accessdate=2016-12-16}}</ref> Rail services form a part of the [[South Eastern Railway (Russia)|South Eastern Railway]] of the [[Russian Railways]]. Destinations served direct from Voronezh include Moscow, Kiev, Kursk, Novorossiysk, Sochi, and Tambov.

===Bus===
There are three Bus Stations in Voronezh that connect the city with a large number of destinations including [[Moscow]], [[Belgorod]], [[Lipetsk]], [[Volgograd]], [[Rostov-on-Don]], [[Astrakhan]] and many more.

==Climate==
Voronezh experiences a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dfb'') with long, cold winters and short, warm summers.

{{Weather box
|location=Voronezh
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|Jan record high C=8.0
|Feb record high C=11.0
|Mar record high C=18.4
|Apr record high C=29.2
|May record high C=35.7
|Jun record high C=38.9
|Jul record high C=40.1
|Aug record high C=40.5
|Sep record high C=32.1
|Oct record high C=26.5
|Nov record high C=18.1
|Dec record high C=12.4
|year record high C=40.5
|Jan high C=-3.4
|Feb high C=-3.0
|Mar high C=2.9
|Apr high C=13.9
|May high C=21.1
|Jun high C=24.5
|Jul high C=26.6
|Aug high C=25.6
|Sep high C=18.9
|Oct high C=10.9
|Nov high C=2.3
|Dec high C=-2.5
|year high C=11.5
|Jan mean C=-6.1
|Feb mean C=-6.5
|Mar mean C=-1.0
|Apr mean C=8.3
|May mean C=14.8
|Jun mean C=18.5
|Jul mean C=20.5
|Aug mean C=19.2
|Sep mean C = 13.3
|Oct mean C = 6.9
|Nov mean C = -0.4
|Dec mean C = -5.0
|year mean C = 6.9
|Jan low C = -8.8
|Feb low C = -9.3
|Mar low C = -4.2
|Apr low C = 3.6
|May low C = 9.3
|Jun low C = 13.2
|Jul low C = 15.2
|Aug low C = 13.7
|Sep low C = 8.7
|Oct low C = 3.6
|Nov low C = -2.6
|Dec low C = -7.6
|year low C = 2.9
|Jan record low C = -36.5
|Feb record low C = -36.2
|Mar record low C = -32.0
|Apr record low C = -16.8
|May record low C = -3.3
|Jun record low C = -1.6
|Jul record low C = 5.0
|Aug record low C = 0.4
|Sep record low C = -5.2
|Oct record low C = -15.2
|Nov record low C = -25.1
|Dec record low C = -33.4
|year record low C = -36.5
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm = 41
|Feb precipitation mm = 37
|Mar precipitation mm = 33
|Apr precipitation mm = 38
|May precipitation mm = 46
|Jun precipitation mm = 74
|Jul precipitation mm = 62
|Aug precipitation mm = 52
|Sep precipitation mm = 61
|Oct precipitation mm = 50
|Nov precipitation mm = 46
|Dec precipitation mm = 44
|year precipitation mm = 584
|Jan humidity = 84
|Feb humidity = 82
|Mar humidity = 77
|Apr humidity = 66
|May humidity = 61
|Jun humidity = 67
|Jul humidity = 68
|Aug humidity = 67
|Sep humidity = 73
|Oct humidity = 79
|Nov humidity = 85
|Dec humidity = 85
|year humidity = 75
|Jan rain days = 8
|Feb rain days = 6
|Mar rain days = 8
|Apr rain days = 12
|May rain days = 13
|Jun rain days = 15
|Jul rain days = 13
|Aug rain days = 10
|Sep rain days = 13
|Oct rain days = 14
|Nov rain days = 13
|Dec rain days = 9
|year rain days = 134
|Jan snow days = 21
|Feb snow days = 20
|Mar snow days = 14
|Apr snow days = 3
|May snow days = 0.2
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0.1
|Oct snow days = 3
|Nov snow days = 12
|Dec snow days = 20
|year snow days = 93
|Jan sun = 62
|Feb sun = 86
|Mar sun = 125
|Apr sun = 184
|May sun = 268
|Jun sun = 284
|Jul sun = 286
|Aug sun = 254
|Sep sun = 185
|Oct sun = 111
|Nov sun = 45
|Dec sun = 38
|year sun = 1928
|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net,<ref name="pogoda">{{cite web
| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/34123.htm
| title = Pogoda.ru.net
| accessdate = December 10, 2015
| publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)
| language = Russian}}</ref>
|source 2 = NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)<ref name = NOAA >
{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/RE/34122.TXT
| title = Voronez (Voronezh) Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = December 10, 2015}}</ref>
|date=January 2011
}}

{{Clear}}

==Education and culture==
[[File:A parkway in Koltsovsky Garden Square, Voronezh, Russia.jpg|thumb|Snow at night in a Voronezh park]]

The city has seven theaters, twelve museums, a number of movie theaters, a philharmonic hall, and a circus. It is also a major center of higher education in central Russia. The main educational facilities include:

* [[Voronezh State University]]
* Voronezh State Technical University
* Voronezh State University of Architecture and Construction
* Voronezh State Pedagogical University
* Voronezh State Agricultural University
* Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies
* [[Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko]]
* Voronezh State Academy of Arts
* Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov
* Voronezh State Institute of Physical Training
* Voronezh Institute of Russia's Home Affairs Ministry
* Voronezh Military Aviation Engineering University
* Voronezh Institute of High Technologies
* Voronezh Air Force Academy named after Prof. Zhukovsky and Gagarin
* [[Plekhanov Russian University of Economics]] (Voronezh branch)
* Russian State University of Justice<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cb.rgup.ru/?mod=pages&id=1261|title=О филиале|website=Cb.rgup.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>
* Admiral Makarov State University of Sea and River Fleet (Voronezh branch)
* International Institute of Computer Technologies
* Voronezh Institute of Economics and Law

and a number of other affiliate and private-funded institutes and universities. There are 2000 schools within the city.

===Theaters===
* Voronezh Chamber Theatre<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chambervrn.ru/o-teatre.html|title=Воронежский камерный театр|website=Chambervrn.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821130235/http://chambervrn.ru/o-teatre.html|archivedate=August 21, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* Koltsov Academic Drama Theater<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voronezhdrama.ru|title=Воронежский Академический Театр драмы им. А. Кольцова|website=Voronezhdrama.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>
* Voronezh State [[Opera]] and [[Ballet]] Theatre<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theatre-vrn.ru/|title=Воронежский государственный театр оперы и балета – официальный сайт|website=Theatre-vrn.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>
* Shut Puppet Theater<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.puppet-shut.ru/|title=.:. Òåàòð Êóêîë - "ØÓÒ" .:.|author=|website=Puppet-shut.ru|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>

===Festivals===
[[Platonov Arts Festival|Platonov International Arts Festival]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://platonovfest.com/festival|title=Фестиваль|website=Platonovfest.com|accessdate=July 22, 2015}}</ref>

{{Clear}}

==Sports==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Club !! Sport !! Founded !! Current League !! League Rank !! Stadium
|-
|[[FC Fakel Voronezh|Fakel Voronezh]]
|[[Association Football|Football]]
|1947
|[[Russian Football National League]]
|2nd
|[[Tsentralnyi Profsoyuz Stadion (Voronezh)|Tsentralnyi Profsoyuz Stadion]]
|-
|[[FC Energy Voronezh|Energy Voronezh]]
|[[Association Football|Football]]
|1989
|[[Russian Women's Football Championship|Women's Premier League]]
|1st
|Rudgormash Stadium
|-
|[[Buran Voronezh]]
|[[Ice Hockey]]
|1977
|[[Higher Hockey League]]
|2nd
|Yubileyny Sports Palace
|-
|VC Voronezh
|[[Volleyball]]
|2006
|Women's Higher Volleyball League A
|2nd
|Kristall Sports Complex
|}

==Religion==
[[File:Annunciation Cathedral in Voronezh1.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Annunciation Orthodox Cathedral in Voronezh]]

[[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]] is the prevalent religion in Voronezh.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}}

There is an orthodox Jewish community in Voronezh, with a synagogue located on Stankevicha Street.<ref>{{cite web|author=14:50 |url=http://rg.ru/2014/10/20/reg-cfo/sinagoga.html |title=В Воронеже открыли одну из крупнейших синагог России|website=Rg.ru |date= |accessdate=2016-12-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Jewish Community of Voronezh|url=http://evrei-vrn.ru/en/|website=evrei-vrn.ru|accessdate=6 August 2016}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==Notable people==
[[File:Nikolay Ge 015.jpeg|thumb|Nikolai Ge. Mary, sister of Lazarus, meets Jesus who is going to their house]]
{{Main|List of people from Voronezh}}
*[[Nikolay Basov]], physicist
*[[Ivan Bunin]], writer
*[[Alexey Andreyevich Khovansky|Alexey Khovansky]], editor
*[[Arkady Davidowitz]], writer and aphorist
*[[Pavel Cherenkov]], physicist
*[[Kirill Gerstein]], musician
*[[Mikhail Tsvet]], botanist
*[[Konstantin Feoktistov]], cosmonaut and engineer
*Poets and writers such as [[Andrei Platonov|Platonov]], [[Aleksey Koltsov|Koltsov]], [[Ivan Savvich Nikitin|Ivan S. Nikitin]], [[Samuil Marshak|Marshak]], [[Vasiliy Mihaylovich Peskov|Peskov]], Troepolsky;
*Painters [[Ivan Kramskoi|Kramskoi]], [[Nikolai Ge|Ge]], [[Alexander V. Kuprin|Kuprin]]
*[[Valerian Albanov]], navigator and polar explorer
*[[Alexander Litvinenko]], political dissident
*[[Grigory Sanakoev]], chess player
*[[Yelena Davydova]] and [[Aleksandr Tkachyov (gymnast)|Aleksandr Tkachyov]], gymnasts
*[[Yevgeny Lapinsky]], Olympic volleyball player
*[[Valentina Popova]], weightlifter
*[[Dmitri Sautin]], diver
*[[Volin]], anarchist
*[[Serge Voronoff]], surgeon
*[[Osip Mandelstam]], poet
*[[Vladimir Patkin]], Olympic volleyball player
*[[Andrei Platonov]], writer
*[[Sektor Gaza]], punk band
*[[Mitrofan Pyatnitsky]], musician
*[[Viktoria Komova]], Olympic gymnast
*[[Eduard Vorganov]], professional cyclist
*[[Igor Samsonov]], painter

==Sister Cities==
Source:<ref>{{cite web|author=Рациональная маршрутная сеть |url=http://www.voronezh-city.ru/index.php?r=hist&d=613 |title=Воронеж: официальный сайт администрации городского округа |publisher=Voronezh-city.ru |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="background:#ffffef; float:left;"
|-
! style="background:#811541" | Date
! style="background:#811541" |  
! style="background:#811541" | Sister City
|-
| 1968
| style="background:#ffffcf;"|{{flagicon|CZE}}
| '''[[Brno]]''', [[Czech Republic]]<ref name="Brno twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=2222&nav02=1249 |title=City of Brno Foreign Relations - Statutory city of Brno |publisher=2.brno.cz |language=Czech |accessdate=6 September 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115084015/http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=2222&nav02=1249 |archivedate=January 15, 2016 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brno.cz/index.php?nav02=1985&nav01=34&nav03=1010&nav04=1016&nav05=1249&nav06=1272|title=Brno - Partnerská města|publisher=Brno.cz|language=Czech|accessdate=2009-07-17}}</ref>
|-
| 1989
| style="background:#ffffcf;"|{{flagicon|GER}}
| '''[[Wesermarsch]]''', [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]]
|-
| 1991
| style="background:#ffffcf;"|{{flagicon|USA}}
| '''[[Charlotte]]''', [[North Carolina]], [[United States]]
|-
| 1992
| style="background:#ffffcf;"|{{flagicon|PRC}}
| '''[[Chongqing]]''', [[China]]
|-
| 1995
| style="background:#ffffcf;"|{{flagicon|BUL}}
| '''[[Sliven]]''', [[Bulgaria]]
|-
| 1996
| style="background:#ffffcf;"|{{flagicon|ESP}}
| '''[[León, Spain|León]]''', [[Castile and León]], [[Spain]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.larazon.es/noticia/ciudades-y-pueblos-se-benefician-del-hermanamiento-con-otros-territorios|title=Ciudades y pueblos se benefician del hermanamiento con otros territorios|publisher=Larazon.es|date=|accessdate=2011-09-16}}</ref>
|}
{{Clear}}

==References==

===Notes===
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|vor|adm|law}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|vor|mun|list|voronezh}}

==Further reading==
{{See also|Timeline of Voronezh#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Voronezh}}
*Charlotte Hobson's book, ''Black Earth City'', is an account of life in Voronezh at the time of the fall of the Soviet Union based on her experiences after spending a year in Voronezh as a foreign student in 1991–1992.
*[[Nadezhda Mandelstam]]'s ''Hope Against Hope'', the first volume of her memoirs concerning her husband, the poet [[Osip Mandelstam]], provides many details about life in Voronezh in the 1930s under [[Stalinist]] rule.

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
* {{wikivoyage inline|Voronezh}}
*[http://www.voronezh-city.ru/en/ Official website of Voronezh]
*[http://www.voronezh-city.ru/ Official website of Voronezh] {{ru icon}}
*[https://archive.is/20121204162233/http://www.voronezh.net/ Unofficial website of Voronezh] {{ru icon}}
*[http://www.vsu.ru/english/index.html Voronezh State University]
*[http://maps.yandex.com/?text=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C%20%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%2C%20%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6&sll=39.204096%2C51.662496&ll=39.188868%2C51.664017&spn=0.234833%2C0.042274&z=12&l=map%2Cstv&ol=stv&oll=39.202978%2C51.661731&ost=dir%3A39.07641937637682%2C-0.5025945571323011~spn%3A90%2C55.517081202120046 Panoramic views of Voronezh]

{{Voronezh Oblast}}
{{Cities of Military Glory}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2012}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Archaeological sites in Russia]]
[[Category:Voronezh|*]]
[[Category:Cities of Military Glory]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1586]]
[[Category:Voronezh Governorate]]

User:Luch4

2018-02-01T04:40:06Z

Luch4:

Hi everybody. Привет всем.

[[Grand Rounds Scenic Byway]]
[[Walk-in clinic]]

[[ru:User:Luch4]]

Phoebe and Her Unicorn

2018-01-18T12:57:35Z

Luch4: /* Publications */

{{Infobox comic strip
|title= Phoebe and Her Unicorn
|image= [[File:Phoebe and Her Unicorn title panel.png|275px]]
|caption=
|author= [[Dana Simpson]]
|url= [http://www.gocomics.com/phoebe-and-her-unicorn Phoebe and Her Unicorn at GoComics]
|rss=
|atom=
|status= Running
|syndicate= [[Universal Uclick]]
|publisher= [[Andrews McMeel Publishing, LLC|Andrews McMeel Publishing]]
|first= April 22, 2012 (as a webcomic) March 30, 2015 (in newspapers)
|last=
|genre= Humor, fantasy, children
|rating=
|preceded by=
|followed by=
}}

'''''Phoebe and Her Unicorn''''' is a daily [[comic strip]] by American cartoonist [[Dana Simpson]]. Originally called '''''Heavenly Nostrils''''', the strip debuted as a webcomic on April 22, 2012, in [[Universal Uclick]]'s [[GoComics]] website.<ref>{{cite web|title=Phoebe and Her Unicorn|url=http://www.gocomics.com/phoebe-and-her-unicorn/2012/04/22|website=GoComics|publisher=Universal Uclick|accessdate=21 May 2015}}</ref> It was later launched in more than 100 newspapers on March 30, 2015, under the current name.<ref>{{cite web|title=Universal Uclick Launches Phoebe and Her Unicorn in more than 100 Newspapers Worldwide|url=http://www.universaluclick.com/press/press_release/159|website=Universal uClick|accessdate=21 May 2015}}</ref>

The strip begins when 9-year-old Phoebe Howell, a girl in the fourth grade, skips a rock across a pond and accidentally hits a unicorn in the face. Freed from her own reflection, the unicorn—named Marigold Heavenly Nostrils—gives Phoebe one wish, which she decides to use by making the unicorn her best friend.

Marigold, like all unicorns in the series, is experienced in magic. Through various "spellcraft", she is able to perform such feats as divert or redirect rain and send [[Text messaging|text messages]] and broadcast a [[Wi-Fi hotspot]] through her horn. However, her most frequently-used spell is "The Shield of Boringness", which causes humans to view her as nothing out of the ordinary and allows her to interact with them on a daily basis.

== Influences ==

The design of the unicorns draws inspiration from Medieval depictions, including the series of tapestries entitled ''[[The Lady and the Unicorn]]'' and ''[[The Hunt of the Unicorn]]''. Marigold is drawn with [[Cloven hoof|cloven hooves]] and a [[swan]]-shaped body.<ref name="art style">{{cite web |url=http://pedantia.deviantart.com/art/How-to-draw-Marigold-453999231 |title=How to draw Marigold |last1= Simpson |first1= Dana |date= May 2014 |website= Dana Simpson's deviantArt account}}</ref> The latter set of tapestries was referenced in the opening sequence of ''[[The Last Unicorn (film)|The Last Unicorn]]''. Simpson has stated that [[The Last Unicorn|the book]] was one of the inspirations for her comic strip.

== Publications ==
* {{cite book | isbn = 1449446205 | title = Phoebe and Her Unicorn: A Heavenly Nostrils Chronicle | publisher = [[Andrews McMeel]] | year = 2014 }} Reprints comics from the first eight months (April 22, 2012 - November 18, 2012) of the strip in full color, whereas many were originally in black and white.
* {{cite book | isbn = 1449470769 | title = Unicorn on a Roll: Another Phoebe and Her Unicorn Adventure | publisher = [[Andrews McMeel]] | year = 2015 }}
* {{cite book | isbn = 1449476287 | title = Unicorn vs. Goblins: Another Phoebe and Her Unicorn Adventure | publisher = [[Andrews McMeel]] | year = 2016 }}
* {{cite book | isbn = 1449477917 | title = Razzle Dazzle Unicorn: Another Phoebe and Her Unicorn Adventure | publisher = [[Andrews McMeel]] | year = 2016 }}
* {{cite book | isbn = 9781449483579 | title = Unicorn Crossing: Another Phoebe and Her Unicorn Adventure | publisher = [[Andrews McMeel]] | year = 2017 }}
* {{cite book | isbn = 978-5-00117-278-9 | title = Фиби и единорог | publisher = [[Манн, Иванов и Фербер]] | year = 2018 }} , in russian.<ref>{{cite web
| author = Манн, Иванов и Фербер
| authorlink =
| datepublished =
| url = https://www.mann-ivanov-ferber.ru/books/fibi-i-edinorog-tom-1/
| title = Фиби и единорог (Дана Симпсон)
| format =
| work =
| publisher =
| accessdate =
| lang =
| description =
| archiveurl =
| archivedate =
}}</ref>

== Awards ==

* [[Washington State Book Award]], Scandiuzzi Children’s Book Award, 2015: Books for middle readers (ages 9 to 12)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/books/winners-of-the-washington-state-book-awards/ |title= Winners of the Washington State Book Awards (2015)| last1= Simpson |first1= Dana |date= October 10, 2015 |website=The Seattle Times |publisher= |access-date= October 11, 2015}}</ref> for ''Phoebe and Her Unicorn: A Heavenly Nostrils Chronicle''
* [[Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association Award|PNBA Book Award]], 2016 for ''Unicorn on a Roll''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pnba.org/2016-book-awards.html |title= 2016 PNBA Book Awards| last1= Simpson |first1= Dana |date= October 10, 2015 |website=Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association |publisher= |access-date= January 14, 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{UniversalPressSyndicate}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Phoebe and Her Unicorn}}
[[Category:American comic strips]]
[[Category:Comic strips started in the 2010s]]
[[Category:2012 webcomic debuts]]

{{comic-strip-stub}}

Template:Andrews McMeel Universal

2017-12-08T06:42:52Z

Luch4: Undid revision 814343484 by Luch4 (talk)

{{Navbox
| name = Andrews McMeel Universal
| title = [[Andrews McMeel Universal]]
| state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
| bodyclass = hlist

| above =
* [[Andrews McMeel Publishing|Andrews McMeel]]
* [[Universal Uclick]] ([[Universal Press Syndicate]]
* [[Uclick]])
* AMUSE

| group2= Comic strips
| list2 =
* ''[[Adam@home]]''
* ''[[The Argyle Sweater|Argyle Sweater]]''
* ''Baker Street Puzzle''
* ''[[Baldo]]''
* ''Biographic''
* ''[[Bloom County]]''
* ''[[Brainwaves (comic strip)|Brainwaves]]''
* ''[[Breaking Cat News]]''
* ''[[Calvin and Hobbes]]''
* ''[[Cathy]]''
* ''[[Cleats (comic strip)|Cleats]]''
* ''[[Close to Home (comic strip)|Close to Home]]''
* ''[[Condorito]]''
* ''[[Cornered (comic strip)|Cornered]]''
* ''[[Cul de Sac (comic strip)|Cul de Sac]]''
* ''[[Doonesbury]]''
* ''[[The Duplex]]''
* ''The Elderberries''
* ''[[The 5th Wave (comic strip)|The 5th Wave]]''
* ''The Flying McCoys''
* ''[[For Better or For Worse]]''
* ''[[FoxTrot]]''
* ''[[Fred Basset]]''
* ''[[The Fusco Brothers]]''
* ''[[Garfield]]''
* ''[[Gaturro]]''
* ''[[Ginger Meggs]]''
* ''[[Heart of the City (comic strip)|Heart of the City]]''
* ''[[In the Bleachers]]''
* ''In the Sticks''
* ''[[Ink Pen]]''
* ''[[James Bond (comic strip)|James Bond]]''
* ''[[Judge Dredd]]''
* ''[[La Cucaracha (comic strip)|La Cucaracha]]''
* ''[[Liō]]''
* ''[[Mutt and Jeff]]''
* ''[[Non Sequitur (comic strip)|Non Sequitur]]''
* ''[[Off the Mark]]''
* ''[[Overboard (comic strip)|Overboard]]''
* ''[[Peanuts]]''
* ''[[Phoebe and Her Unicorn]]''
* ''[[Pooch Café]]''
* ''[[Real Life Adventures]]''
* ''[[Red and Rover]]''
* ''[[Ronaldinho Gaucho (comic strip)|Ronaldinho Gaucho]]''
* ''[[Shortcuts (comics)|Shortcuts]]''
* ''[[Stone Soup (comic strip)|Stone Soup]]''
* ''[[Tank McNamara]]''
* ''[[Thatababy]]''
* ''[[Tom the Dancing Bug]]''
* ''[[What the Duck|W. T. Duck]]''
* ''[[You Can with Beakman and Jax]]''
* ''[[Ziggy (comic strip)|Ziggy]]''

| group3= Editorial cartoons
| list3 =
* [[Tony Auth]]
* ''[[Bad Reporter]]''
* [[Stuart Carlson]]
* [[Lalo Alcaraz]]
* [[Glenn McCoy]]
* [[Pat Oliphant]]
* [[Ted Rall]]
* [[Ben Sargent]]
* [[Tom Toles]]
* [[Kerry Waghorn]]

| group4= Editorial/ commentary
| list4 =
* [[Ann Coulter]]
* [[Maggie Gallagher]]
* [[Georgie Anne Geyer]]
* [[Ted Rall]]
* [[Richard Reeves (American writer)|Richard Reeves]]
* David Shribman
* [[Cynthia Tucker]]

| group5= Lifestyle
| list5 =
* ''[[Nick Corcodilos|Ask the Headhunter]]''
* ''Cookbook Nook''
* ''[[Dear Abby]]''
* ''Eugenia Last''
* ''Figuratively Speaking''
* ''[[Focus on the Family]]''
* ''[[Randy Cohen|On Ethics]]''
* ''The Needleworks''
* ''[[News of the Weird]]''
* ''Pet Connection''
* ''[[Scott Burns (newspaper columnist)|Scott Burns]]''
* ''7-Day Menu Planner''
* ''Smart Moves''
* ''Supermarket Sampler''
* ''Tell Me A Story''

| group6= Other
| list6 =
* Daily Front Row
* Dare to Ask
* Do Just One Thing
* [[Earthweek]]
* [[Roger Ebert]]
* [[Hidato]]
* ''[[The Independent]]''
* [[Magic Eye]]
* [[The Mini Page]]
* [[The Motley Fool]]
* [[Timothy Parker (puzzle designer)|Timothy Parker]]
* RealStyle
* [[Religion News Service]]
* Whatzit?
* Wheels
* [[Wonderword]]

}}<noinclude>

{{collapsible option}}

[[Category:Comic strip navigational boxes]]
</noinclude>

Template:Andrews McMeel Universal

2017-12-08T06:40:33Z

Luch4:

{{Navbox
| name = Andrews McMeel Universal
| title = [[Andrews McMeel Universal]]
| state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
| bodyclass = hlist

| above =
* [[Andrews McMeel Publishing|Andrews McMeel]]
* [[Universal Uclick]] ([[Universal Press Syndicate]]
* [[Uclick]])
* AMUSE

| group2= Comic strips
| list2 =
* ''[[Adam@home]]''
* ''[[The Argyle Sweater|Argyle Sweater]]''
* ''Baker Street Puzzle''
* ''[[Baldo]]''
* ''Biographic''
* ''[[Bloom County]]''
* ''[[Brainwaves (comic strip)|Brainwaves]]''
* ''[[Breaking Cat News]]''
* ''[[Calvin and Hobbes]]''
* ''[[Cathy]]''
* ''[[Cleats (comic strip)|Cleats]]''
* ''[[Close to Home (comic strip)|Close to Home]]''
* ''[[Condorito]]''
* ''[[Cornered (comic strip)|Cornered]]''
* ''[[Cul de Sac (comic strip)|Cul de Sac]]''
* ''[[Doonesbury]]''
* ''[[The Duplex]]''
* ''The Elderberries''
* ''[[The 5th Wave (comic strip)|The 5th Wave]]''
* ''The Flying McCoys''
* ''[[For Better or For Worse]]''
* ''[[FoxTrot]]''
* ''[[Fred Basset]]''
* ''[[The Fusco Brothers]]''
* ''[[Garfield]]''
* ''[[Gaturro]]''
* ''[[Ginger Meggs]]''
* ''[[Heart of the City (comic strip)|Heart of the City]]''
* ''[[In the Bleachers]]''
* ''In the Sticks''
* ''[[Ink Pen]]''
* ''[[James Bond (comic strip)|James Bond]]''
* ''[[Judge Dredd]]''
* ''[[La Cucaracha (comic strip)|La Cucaracha]]''
* ''[[Liō]]''
* ''[[Mutt and Jeff]]''
* ''[[Non Sequitur (comic strip)|Non Sequitur]]''
* ''[[Off the Mark]]''
* ''[[Overboard (comic strip)|Overboard]]''
* ''[[Peanuts]]''
* ''Phoebe and Her Unicorn''
* ''[[Pooch Café]]''
* ''[[Real Life Adventures]]''
* ''[[Red and Rover]]''
* ''[[Ronaldinho Gaucho (comic strip)|Ronaldinho Gaucho]]''
* ''[[Shortcuts (comics)|Shortcuts]]''
* ''[[Stone Soup (comic strip)|Stone Soup]]''
* ''[[Tank McNamara]]''
* ''[[Thatababy]]''
* ''[[Tom the Dancing Bug]]''
* ''[[What the Duck|W. T. Duck]]''
* ''[[You Can with Beakman and Jax]]''
* ''[[Ziggy (comic strip)|Ziggy]]''

| group3= Editorial cartoons
| list3 =
* [[Tony Auth]]
* ''[[Bad Reporter]]''
* [[Stuart Carlson]]
* [[Lalo Alcaraz]]
* [[Glenn McCoy]]
* [[Pat Oliphant]]
* [[Ted Rall]]
* [[Ben Sargent]]
* [[Tom Toles]]
* [[Kerry Waghorn]]

| group4= Editorial/ commentary
| list4 =
* [[Ann Coulter]]
* [[Maggie Gallagher]]
* [[Georgie Anne Geyer]]
* [[Ted Rall]]
* [[Richard Reeves (American writer)|Richard Reeves]]
* David Shribman
* [[Cynthia Tucker]]

| group5= Lifestyle
| list5 =
* ''[[Nick Corcodilos|Ask the Headhunter]]''
* ''Cookbook Nook''
* ''[[Dear Abby]]''
* ''Eugenia Last''
* ''Figuratively Speaking''
* ''[[Focus on the Family]]''
* ''[[Randy Cohen|On Ethics]]''
* ''The Needleworks''
* ''[[News of the Weird]]''
* ''Pet Connection''
* ''[[Scott Burns (newspaper columnist)|Scott Burns]]''
* ''7-Day Menu Planner''
* ''Smart Moves''
* ''Supermarket Sampler''
* ''Tell Me A Story''

| group6= Other
| list6 =
* Daily Front Row
* Dare to Ask
* Do Just One Thing
* [[Earthweek]]
* [[Roger Ebert]]
* [[Hidato]]
* ''[[The Independent]]''
* [[Magic Eye]]
* [[The Mini Page]]
* [[The Motley Fool]]
* [[Timothy Parker (puzzle designer)|Timothy Parker]]
* RealStyle
* [[Religion News Service]]
* Whatzit?
* Wheels
* [[Wonderword]]

}}<noinclude>

{{collapsible option}}

[[Category:Comic strip navigational boxes]]
</noinclude>

Phoebe and Her Unicorn

2017-12-08T06:39:37Z

Luch4: Undid revision 814343241 by Luch4 (talk)

{{Infobox comic strip
|title= Phoebe and Her Unicorn
|image= [[File:Phoebe and Her Unicorn title panel.png|275px]]
|caption=
|author= [[Dana Simpson]]
|url= [http://www.gocomics.com/phoebe-and-her-unicorn Phoebe and Her Unicorn at GoComics]
|rss=
|atom=
|status= Running
|syndicate= [[Universal Uclick]]
|publisher= [[Andrews McMeel Publishing, LLC|Andrews McMeel Publishing]]
|first= April 22, 2012 (as a webcomic) March 30, 2015 (in newspapers)
|last=
|genre= Humor, fantasy, children
|rating=
|preceded by=
|followed by=
}}

'''''Phoebe and Her Unicorn''''' is a daily [[comic strip]] by American cartoonist [[Dana Simpson]]. Originally called '''''Heavenly Nostrils''''', the strip debuted as a webcomic on April 22, 2012, in [[Universal Uclick]]'s [[GoComics]] website.<ref>{{cite web|title=Phoebe and Her Unicorn|url=http://www.gocomics.com/phoebe-and-her-unicorn/2012/04/22|website=GoComics|publisher=Universal Uclick|accessdate=21 May 2015}}</ref> It was later launched in more than 100 newspapers on March 30, 2015, under the current name.<ref>{{cite web|title=Universal Uclick Launches Phoebe and Her Unicorn in more than 100 Newspapers Worldwide|url=http://www.universaluclick.com/press/press_release/159|website=Universal uClick|accessdate=21 May 2015}}</ref>

The strip begins when 9-year-old Phoebe Howell, a girl in the fourth grade, skips a rock across a pond and accidentally hits a unicorn in the face. Freed from her own reflection, the unicorn—named Marigold Heavenly Nostrils—gives Phoebe one wish, which she decides to use by making the unicorn her best friend.

Marigold, like all unicorns in the series, is experienced in magic. Through various "spellcraft", she is able to perform such feats as divert or redirect rain and send [[Text messaging|text messages]] and broadcast a [[Wi-Fi hotspot]] through her horn. However, her most frequently-used spell is "The Shield of Boringness", which causes humans to view her as nothing out of the ordinary and allows her to interact with them on a daily basis.

== Influences ==

The design of the unicorns draws inspiration from Medieval depictions, including the series of tapestries entitled ''[[The Lady and the Unicorn]]'' and ''[[The Hunt of the Unicorn]]''. Marigold is drawn with [[Cloven hoof|cloven hooves]] and a [[swan]]-shaped body.<ref name="art style">{{cite web |url=http://pedantia.deviantart.com/art/How-to-draw-Marigold-453999231 |title=How to draw Marigold |last1= Simpson |first1= Dana |date= May 2014 |website= Dana Simpson's deviantArt account}}</ref> The latter set of tapestries was referenced in the opening sequence of ''[[The Last Unicorn (film)|The Last Unicorn]]''. Simpson has stated that [[The Last Unicorn|the book]] was one of the inspirations for her comic strip.

== Publications ==
* {{cite book | isbn = 1449446205 | title = Phoebe and Her Unicorn: A Heavenly Nostrils Chronicle | publisher = [[Andrews McMeel]] | year = 2014 }} Reprints comics from the first eight months (April 22, 2012 - November 18, 2012) of the strip in full color, whereas many were originally in black and white.
* {{cite book | isbn = 1449470769 | title = Unicorn on a Roll: Another Phoebe and Her Unicorn Adventure | publisher = [[Andrews McMeel]] | year = 2015 }}
* {{cite book | isbn = 1449476287 | title = Unicorn vs. Goblins: Another Phoebe and Her Unicorn Adventure | publisher = [[Andrews McMeel]] | year = 2016 }}
* {{cite book | isbn = 1449477917 | title = Razzle Dazzle Unicorn: Another Phoebe and Her Unicorn Adventure | publisher = [[Andrews McMeel]] | year = 2016 }}
* {{cite book | isbn = 9781449483579 | title = Unicorn Crossing: Another Phoebe and Her Unicorn Adventure | publisher = [[Andrews McMeel]] | year = 2017 }}

== Awards ==

* [[Washington State Book Award]], Scandiuzzi Children’s Book Award, 2015: Books for middle readers (ages 9 to 12)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/books/winners-of-the-washington-state-book-awards/ |title= Winners of the Washington State Book Awards (2015)| last1= Simpson |first1= Dana |date= October 10, 2015 |website=The Seattle Times |publisher= |access-date= October 11, 2015}}</ref> for ''Phoebe and Her Unicorn: A Heavenly Nostrils Chronicle''
* [[Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association Award|PNBA Book Award]], 2016 for ''Unicorn on a Roll''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pnba.org/2016-book-awards.html |title= 2016 PNBA Book Awards| last1= Simpson |first1= Dana |date= October 10, 2015 |website=Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association |publisher= |access-date= January 14, 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{UniversalPressSyndicate}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Phoebe and Her Unicorn}}
[[Category:American comic strips]]
[[Category:Comic strips started in the 2010s]]
[[Category:2012 webcomic debuts]]

{{comic-strip-stub}}

Phoebe and Her Unicorn

2017-12-08T06:38:23Z

Luch4:

{{Infobox comic strip
|title= Phoebe and Her Unicorn
|image= [[File:Phoebe and Her Unicorn title panel.png|275px]]
|caption=
|author= [[Dana Simpson]]
|url= [http://www.gocomics.com/phoebe-and-her-unicorn Phoebe and Her Unicorn at GoComics]
|rss=
|atom=
|status= Running
|syndicate= [[Universal Uclick]]
|publisher= [[Andrews McMeel Publishing, LLC|Andrews McMeel Publishing]]
|first= April 22, 2012 (as a webcomic) March 30, 2015 (in newspapers)
|last=
|genre= Humor, fantasy, children
|rating=
|preceded by=
|followed by=
}}

'''''Phoebe and Her Unicorn''''' is a daily [[comic strip]] by American cartoonist [[Dana Simpson]]. Originally called '''''Heavenly Nostrils''''', the strip debuted as a webcomic on April 22, 2012, in [[Universal Uclick]]'s [[GoComics]] website.<ref>{{cite web|title=Phoebe and Her Unicorn|url=http://www.gocomics.com/phoebe-and-her-unicorn/2012/04/22|website=GoComics|publisher=Universal Uclick|accessdate=21 May 2015}}</ref> It was later launched in more than 100 newspapers on March 30, 2015, under the current name.<ref>{{cite web|title=Universal Uclick Launches Phoebe and Her Unicorn in more than 100 Newspapers Worldwide|url=http://www.universaluclick.com/press/press_release/159|website=Universal uClick|accessdate=21 May 2015}}</ref>

The strip begins when 9-year-old Phoebe Howell, a girl in the fourth grade, skips a rock across a pond and accidentally hits a unicorn in the face. Freed from her own reflection, the unicorn—named Marigold Heavenly Nostrils—gives Phoebe one wish, which she decides to use by making the unicorn her best friend.

Marigold, like all unicorns in the series, is experienced in magic. Through various "spellcraft", she is able to perform such feats as divert or redirect rain and send [[Text messaging|text messages]] and broadcast a [[Wi-Fi hotspot]] through her horn. However, her most frequently-used spell is "The Shield of Boringness", which causes humans to view her as nothing out of the ordinary and allows her to interact with them on a daily basis.

== Influences ==

The design of the unicorns draws inspiration from Medieval depictions, including the series of tapestries entitled ''[[The Lady and the Unicorn]]'' and ''[[The Hunt of the Unicorn]]''. Marigold is drawn with [[Cloven hoof|cloven hooves]] and a [[swan]]-shaped body.<ref name="art style">{{cite web |url=http://pedantia.deviantart.com/art/How-to-draw-Marigold-453999231 |title=How to draw Marigold |last1= Simpson |first1= Dana |date= May 2014 |website= Dana Simpson's deviantArt account}}</ref> The latter set of tapestries was referenced in the opening sequence of ''[[The Last Unicorn (film)|The Last Unicorn]]''. Simpson has stated that [[The Last Unicorn|the book]] was one of the inspirations for her comic strip.

== Publications ==
* {{cite book | isbn = 1449446205 | title = Phoebe and Her Unicorn: A Heavenly Nostrils Chronicle | publisher = [[Andrews McMeel]] | year = 2014 }} Reprints comics from the first eight months (April 22, 2012 - November 18, 2012) of the strip in full color, whereas many were originally in black and white.
* {{cite book | isbn = 1449470769 | title = Unicorn on a Roll: Another Phoebe and Her Unicorn Adventure | publisher = [[Andrews McMeel]] | year = 2015 }}
* {{cite book | isbn = 1449476287 | title = Unicorn vs. Goblins: Another Phoebe and Her Unicorn Adventure | publisher = [[Andrews McMeel]] | year = 2016 }}
* {{cite book | isbn = 1449477917 | title = Razzle Dazzle Unicorn: Another Phoebe and Her Unicorn Adventure | publisher = [[Andrews McMeel]] | year = 2016 }}
* {{cite book | isbn = 9781449483579 | title = Unicorn Crossing: Another Phoebe and Her Unicorn Adventure | publisher = [[Andrews McMeel]] | year = 2017 }}

== Awards ==

* [[Washington State Book Award]], Scandiuzzi Children’s Book Award, 2015: Books for middle readers (ages 9 to 12)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/books/winners-of-the-washington-state-book-awards/ |title= Winners of the Washington State Book Awards (2015)| last1= Simpson |first1= Dana |date= October 10, 2015 |website=The Seattle Times |publisher= |access-date= October 11, 2015}}</ref> for ''Phoebe and Her Unicorn: A Heavenly Nostrils Chronicle''
* [[Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association Award|PNBA Book Award]], 2016 for ''Unicorn on a Roll''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pnba.org/2016-book-awards.html |title= 2016 PNBA Book Awards| last1= Simpson |first1= Dana |date= October 10, 2015 |website=Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association |publisher= |access-date= January 14, 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:American comic strips]]
[[Category:Comic strips started in the 2010s]]
[[Category:2012 webcomic debuts]]

{{comic-strip-stub}}

Libertarian Party (United States)

2017-01-27T18:11:22Z

Luch4: /* Size and influence */

{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox political party
|name = Libertarian Party
|logo = [[File:Libertarian Party US Logo.svg|center|100px|Libertarian Party Logo]]
|colorcode = {{Libertarian Party (US)/meta/color}}
|foundation = {{start date and age|1971|12|11}}
|ideology = [[Libertarianism in the United States|Libertarianism]]<ref name="Murray Newton Rothbard 1978 p. 1">{{cite book |first = Murray Newton |last = Rothbard |title = For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto |page = 1 |quote = Even more remarkably, the Libertarian party achieved this growth while consistently adhering to a new ideological creed—”libertarianism”—thus bringing to the American political scene for the first time in a century a party interested in principle rather than in merely gaining jobs and money at the public trough. |year = 1978 }}</ref> [[Non-interventionism]]<ref>{{cite web |title = Libertarian Party opposes further intervention in Iraq |url = http://www.lp.org/news/press-releases/libertarian-party-opposes-further-intervention-in-iraq |ref = The Libertarian Party supports a foreign policy of free trade and non-intervention. }}</ref> [[Fiscal conservatism]]<ref name="fiscal con">{{cite web |title = Ideological Third Parties and Splinter Parties |url = https://www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/interest-groups-7/minor-political-parties-58/ideological-third-parties-and-splinter-parties-335-8403/ |ref = The Libertarian Party supports laissez-faire policies, small government, and is characterized by being socially liberal on some things, but in truth they are conservative socially because they do not support tax payer programs to help one another through government run programs and they are fiscally conservative Source: Boundless. “Ideological Third Parties and Splinter Parties.” Boundless Political Science. Boundless, January 6, 2015. Retrieved January 16, 2015 from https://www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/interest-groups-7/minor-political-parties-58/ideological-third-parties-and-splinter-parties-335-8403/ }}</ref> [[Economic liberalism]]<ref name="fiscal con">{{cite web |title = Ideological Third Parties and Splinter Parties |url = https://www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/interest-groups-7/minor-political-parties-58/ideological-third-parties-and-splinter-parties-335-8403/ |ref = The Libertarian Party supports laissez-faire policies, small government, and is characterized by being socially liberal and fiscally conservative Source: Boundless. “Ideological Third Parties and Splinter Parties.” Boundless Political Science. Boundless, January 6, 2015. Retrieved January 16, 2015 from https://www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/interest-groups-7/minor-political-parties-58/ideological-third-parties-and-splinter-parties-335-8403/ }}</ref> [[Cultural liberalism]]<ref name="fiscal con">{{cite web |title = Ideological Third Parties and Splinter Parties |url = https://www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/interest-groups-7/minor-political-parties-58/ideological-third-parties-and-splinter-parties-335-8403/ |ref = The Libertarian Party supports laissez-faire policies, small government, and is characterized by being socially liberal and fiscally conservative Source: Boundless. “Ideological Third Parties and Splinter Parties.” Boundless Political Science. Boundless, January 6, 2015. Retrieved January 16, 2015 from https://www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/interest-groups-7/minor-political-parties-58/ideological-third-parties-and-splinter-parties-335-8403/ }}</ref> [[Laissez-faire]]<ref name="fiscal con" />
|headquarters = 1444 Duke St. [[Alexandria, Virginia]] 22314
|international = [[International Alliance of Libertarian Parties]], Interlibertarians<ref>{{cite web |url = http://interlibertarian.altervista.org/INTERLIBERTARIANS/Members_page.html |publisher = Interlibertarians |title = Together in freedom |access-date = May 5, 2015 }}</ref>
|website = [http://www.lp.org/ www.lp.org]
|country = United States
|chairperson = [[Nicholas Sarwark]] ([[Arizona|AZ]])
|student_wing = [[College Libertarians]]
|membership_year = October 2016
|membership = 499,492<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/11/21/new-voter-registration-national-totals/|title=New Voter Registration Nation Totals|first=Richard|last=Winger|date=21 November 2016|work=ballot-access.org|accessdate=21 November 2016}}</ref>
|seats1_title = [[United States Senate|Seats in the Senate]]
|seats1 = {{composition bar|0|100|hex={{Libertarian Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
|seats2_title = [[United States House of Representatives|Seats in the House]]
|seats2 = {{composition bar|0|435|hex={{Libertarian Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
|seats3_title = [[Governor (United States)|Governorships]]
|seats3 = {{composition bar|0|50|hex={{Libertarian Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
|seats4_title = [[State legislature (United States)|State Upper House Seats]]
|seats4 = {{composition bar|2|1972|hex={{Libertarian Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
|seats5_title = [[State legislature (United States)|State Lower House Seats]]
|seats5 = {{composition bar|0|5411|hex={{Libertarian Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
|seats6_title = [[Governor (United States)|Territorial Governorships]]
|seats6 = {{Composition bar|0|6|hex={{Libertarian Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
|seats7_title = [[Territories of the United States|Territorial Upper Chamber Seats]]
|seats7 = {{Composition bar|0|97|hex={{Libertarian Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
|seats8_title = [[Territories of the United States|Territorial Lower Chamber Seats]]
|seats8 = {{Composition bar|0|91|hex={{Libertarian Party (US)/meta/color}}}}
|seats9_title = [[Electoral history of the Libertarian Party (United States)|Local elected offices]]
|seats9 = '''210 (2017)'''<ref name='lp eo'>{{cite web |url = https://www.lp.org/elected-officials-2/ |title = Elected Officials |publisher = |access-date = January 5, 2017 }}</ref>
|colors = {{Color box|{{Libertarian Party (US)/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} Gold
}}
{{Libertarianism sidebar}}

The '''Libertarian Party''' ('''LP''') is a [[Libertarianism|Libertarian]] [[Political parties in the United States|political party in the United States]] that promotes [[civil liberties]], [[non-interventionism]], [[laissez-faire]] capitalism and the abolition of the [[welfare state]].<ref name="lp">{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/issues/current-issues |title = Current Issues |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = May 5, 2015 }}</ref> It is the third largest political party in the United States.

The LP was conceived at meetings in the home of [[David Nolan (libertarian)|David F. Nolan]] in [[Westminster, Colorado]] in 1971<ref name=history>{{cite web |url = http://www.freecolorado.com/colib/0111nolan.html |title = David Nolan Reflects on the Libertarian Party on its 30th Anniversary |work = Colorado Freedom Report }}</ref> and was officially formed on December 11, 1971, in [[Colorado Springs, Colorado]].<ref name="history" /> The founding of the party was prompted in part due to concerns about the [[Presidency of Richard Nixon|Nixon administration]], the [[Vietnam War]], [[Conscription in the United States#Vietnam War|conscription]], and the end of the [[gold standard]].<ref>{{cite book |first = Michael Patrick |last = Murphy |title = The Government |page = 555 |publisher = [[iUniverse]] |year = 2004 |isbn = 978-0-595-30863-7 }}</ref>

The party generally promotes a [[Classical liberalism|classical liberal]] platform, in contrast to the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]]' [[Modern liberalism in the United States|modern liberalism]] and [[Progressivism in the United States|progressivism]] and the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]]' [[Conservatism in the United States|conservatism]]. [[Gary Johnson]], the party's [[presidential nominee]] in [[United States presidential election, 2012|2012]] and [[United States presidential election, 2016|2016]], states that the LP is more [[Cultural liberalism|culturally liberal]] than Democrats, but more [[Fiscal conservatism|fiscally conservative]] than Republicans.<ref>{{cite news |title = Gary Johnson: I’m More Conservative and More Liberal Than Both Parties |author = Julie Ershadi |url = http://atr.rollcall.com/gary-johnson-im-more-conservative-and-more-liberal-than-both-parties |work = Roll Call |date = April 30, 2013 }}</ref> [[#Recent issue stances|Current fiscal policy positions]] include lowering taxes,<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/issues/taxes |title = Taxes |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = October 13, 2013 }}</ref> abolishing the [[Internal Revenue Service|IRS]],<ref name="platf"/> decreasing the [[National debt of the United States|national debt]],<ref name="platf">{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/platform#2.4 |title = Platform |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = July 29, 2016 }}</ref> allowing people to opt out of [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]],<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/issues/social-security |title = Social Security |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = October 13, 2013 }}</ref> and eliminating the [[welfare state]], in part by utilizing private charities.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/issues/poverty-and-welfare |title = Poverty and Welfare |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = October 13, 2013 }}</ref> Current cultural policy positions include ending the prohibition of illegal drugs,<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/issues/crime-and-violence |title = Crime and Violence |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = October 13, 2013 }}</ref> supporting [[same-sex marriage]],<ref>{{cite press release |date = June 10, 2011 |url = http://www.lp.org/news/press-releases/libertarians-say-marriage-equality-only-one-step-toward-ending-legal-discriminat |title = Libertarians say marriage equality only one step toward ending legal discrimination |publisher = Libertarian Party }}</ref> ending [[capital punishment]],<ref name="http://www.lp.org/platform#1.8">http://www.lp.org/platform#1.8</ref> and supporting [[Right to keep and bear arms in the United States|gun ownership rights]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/issues/gun-laws |title = Gun Laws |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = October 13, 2013 }}</ref> Many libertarians believe in lowering the drinking age to 18.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lpmn.org/issues/lower-drinking-age/|title=Lowering the Drinking Age|website=Libertarian Party of Minnesota|language=en-us|access-date=2016-09-27}}</ref>

There are 411,250 voters registered as Libertarian in the 27 states that report Libertarian registration statistics and [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://ballot-access.org/2016/03/27/march-2016-ballot-access-news-print-edition/ |title = March 2016 Ballot Access News Print Edition |website = ballot-access.org }}</ref> By that count, as well as popular vote in [[Elections in the United States|elections]] and number of candidates run per election, the LP is the country's third largest nationally organized party. The LP was the party under which the first [[Electoral College (United States)|electoral vote]] was cast for a woman, [[Tonie Nathan]], for [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] in a [[United States presidential election, 1972|United States presidential election]], due to a [[faithless elector]].<ref name="CATO">{{cite web |first = David |last = Boaz |url = http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/2008/08/29/first-woman |title = First Woman |work = Cato @ Liberty |publisher = [[Cato Institute]] |date = August 29, 2008 |authorlink = David Boaz }}</ref>

Though the party has never won a seat in the [[United States Congress]], it has seen electoral success in the context of [[List of United States state legislatures|state legislatures]] and other local offices. Three Libertarians were elected to the [[Alaska House of Representatives]] between 1978 and 1984 and another four to the [[New Hampshire General Court]] in 1992.<ref name="ypa">{{cite web |url = http://www.ypa.org/article.php?article=0030 |title = The Third Party Myth |publisher = Young Politicians of America |date = January 1, 2001 |access-date = December 10, 2013 }}</ref> Neil Randall, a Libertarian, won the election to the [[Vermont House of Representatives]] in 1998 and was re-elected until 2002, which marked the last time to date a Libertarian was elected to a [[State legislature (United States)|state legislature]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.libertarianrepublican.net/2009/06/vermonts-only-elected-libertarian-state.html |title = Libertarian Republican |publisher = Libertarian Republican |date = June 13, 2009 |access-date = January 29, 2016 }}</ref> [[Rhode Island House of Representatives|Rhode Island State Representative]] [[Daniel P. Gordon]] was expelled from the Republicans and joined the Libertarian Party in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |last1 = Cassidy |first1 = Austin |title = Our Exclusive Interview with Libertarian State Representative Dan Gordon of Rhode Island |url = http://www.uncoveredpolitics.com/2012/04/26/our-interview-with-libertarian-state-representative-dan-gordon-of-rhode-island/ |website = Uncovered Politics |access-date = June 16, 2015 }}</ref> In January 2016, the Libertarians tied their 1992 peak of four legislators when four state legislators from four different states left the Republican Party to join the Libertarian Party: [[Nevada Assembly]]man [[John Moore (Nevada politician)|John Moore]] in January,<ref>{{cite press release |url = https://www.lp.org/news/press-releases/nevada-state-assemblyman-john-moore-joins-libertarian-party |title = Nevada State Assemblyman John Moore Joins Libertarian Party |publisher = Libertarian Party }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com/2016/01/nevada-assemblyman-john-moore-joins-libertarian-party/ |title = Nevada Assemblyman John Moore joins Libertarian Party |work = Independent Political Report |first = Andy |last = Craig |date = January 8, 2016 |access-date = January 8, 2016 }}</ref> [[Nebraska Legislature|Nebraska Senator]] [[Laura Ebke]] and [[New Hampshire House of Representatives|New Hampshire Representative]] [[Max Abramson]] in May,<ref>{{cite news |title = Nebraska state senator leaves GOP, registers as Libertarian |url = http://www.ketv.com/news/nebraska-state-senator-leaves-gop-registers-as-libertarian/39852436 |location = |publisher = [[KETV]] |date = June 1, 2016 |access-date = June 1, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://ballot-access.org/2016/07/27/new-hampshire-legislator-changes-registration-from-republican-to-libertarian/ |title = New Hampshire Legislator Changes Registration from 'Republican' to 'Libertarian |work = Ballot Access News |publisher = |access-date = July 29, 2016 }}</ref> and [[Utah State Senate|Utah Senator]] [[Mark B. Madsen]] in July.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://reason.com/blog/2016/07/25/utah-state-sen-mark-madsen-switching-par |title = Utah State Sen. Mark Madsen Switching Parties from Republican to Libertarian, Endorsing Gary Johnson for President |date = July 25, 2016 |work = Reason |access-date = July 29, 2016 }}</ref> In the 2016 election cycle, Madsen<ref>{{cite web |url = http://electionresults.utah.gov/elections/senate/13 |title=Utah State Senate District 13 2016 Election Results}}</ref> and Abramson did not run for re-election to their respective offices, while Moore lost his race after the Libertarian Party officially censured him over his support of taxpayer stadium funding.<ref>http://reason.com/blog/2016/11/04/libertarian-assemblyman-john-moore-of-ne</ref> Ebke was not up for re-election in 2016.

== History ==
{{Main article|History of the Libertarian Party (United States)|Electoral history of the Libertarian Party (United States)}}
[[File:NolanwithNolanChart1996.jpg|thumb|[[David Nolan (libertarian)|David Nolan]], founder of the Libertarian Party, with the [[Nolan Chart]].]]
The first [[Libertarian National Convention]] was held in June 1972. In 1978, [[Dick Randolph]] of [[Alaska]] became the first elected Libertarian [[State legislature (United States)|state legislator]]. Following the 1980 federal elections, the Libertarian Party assumed the title of being the third-largest party for the first time after the [[American Independent Party]] and the [[Conservative Party of New York]], which were the other largest minor parties at the time, continued to decline. In 1994, over 40 Libertarians were elected or appointed which was a record for the party at that time. 1995 saw a soaring membership and voter registration for the party. In 1996, the Libertarian Party became the first [[Third party (United States)|third party]] to earn ballot status in all 50 states two presidential [[Elections in the United States|elections]] in a row. By the end of 2009, 146 Libertarians were holding elected offices.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}

[[Tonie Nathan]], running as the Libertarian Party's vice-presidential candidate in the [[United States presidential election, 1972|1972 presidential election]] with [[John Hospers]] as the presidential candidate,<ref>{{cite web|last1=O'Grady|first1=Jane|title=John Hospers obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/jul/13/john-hospers-obituary|website=The Guardian|accessdate=20 August 2016|date=13 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://reason.com/blog/2011/06/13/john-hospers-rip |title = John Hospers, RIP |work = Reason |access-date = April 29, 2013 }}</ref> was the first female candidate in the United States to receive an electoral vote.<ref name=history /><ref name="CATO" />

The [[United States presidential election, 2012|2012 election]] Libertarian Party presidential candidate, former New Mexico Governor [[Gary Johnson]], received the highest number of votes—more than 1.2 million—of any Libertarian presidential candidate at the time.<ref>[http://www.upi.com/Libertarian-Party-buoyant-Greens-hopeful/46151352363400/ Libertarian Party buoyant; Greens hopeful]. UPI. 2012-11-08. Retrieved 2016-10-04.</ref> He was renominated for president in [[United States presidential election, 2016|2016]], this time choosing former Massachusetts Governor [[William Weld]] as his running mate. Johnson/Weld shattered the Libertarian record for a presidential ticket, earning over 4.4 million votes.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/29/politics/libertarian-party-nominee-vote/ Libertarians pick ticket, slam Trump]. CNN. 2016-05-29. Retrieved 2016-10-04.</ref> Both Johnson and [[Green Party (United States)|Green Party]] candidate [[Jill Stein]] received significantly more news coverage in 2016 than third-party candidates usually get, with polls showing both candidates potentially increasing their support over the last election, especially among younger voters.<ref>[http://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2016/09/hillary-clinton-gary-johnson-juicier-target-jill-stein For Hillary Clinton, Gary Johnson Is a Juicier Target Than Jill Stein]. ''Mother Jones''. 2016-09-16. Retrieved 2016-10-04.</ref>

== Name and symbols ==
[[File:Libersign - TANSTAAFL.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Original TANSTAAFL logo]]
[[File:Libertarian Party.svg|thumb|150px|right|A recent logo of the Libertarian Party.]]
In 1972, "Libertarian Party" was chosen as the party's name, selected over "New Liberty Party."<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |last = Winter |first = Bill |url = http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/cp3/message/9701 |title = 1971–2001: The Libertarian Party's 30th Anniversary Year: Remembering the first three decades of America's 'Party of Principle' |work = LP News }}</ref> The first official slogan of the Libertarian Party was "[[There ain't no such thing as a free lunch]]" (abbreviated "TANSTAAFL"), a phrase popularized by [[Robert A. Heinlein]] in his 1966 novel ''[[The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress]]'', sometimes dubbed "a manifesto for a libertarian revolution." The current slogan of the party is "The Party of Principle."<ref>{{cite web |url = http://facefwd.com/libertarianism/ |title = What is Libertarianism? |publisher = |access-date = May 5, 2015 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131019111212/http://facefwd.com/libertarianism/ |archivedate = October 19, 2013 }}</ref>

Also in 1972, the "Libersign"—an arrow angling upward through the abbreviation "TANSTAAFL"—was adopted as a party symbol.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> By the end of the decade, this was replaced with the [[Statue of Liberty|Lady Liberty]] until 2015, with the adoption of the current "Torch Eagle" logo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://independentpoliticalreport.com/2015/07/lnc-selects-new-logo/|title=LNC selects new logo|date=2015-07-19|newspaper=Independent Political Report|language=en-US|access-date=2016-12-11}}</ref>

In the 1990s several state libertarian parties adopted the Liberty Penguin ("LP") as their official mascot.<ref>{{cite news |last = Drake |first = Kerry |title = Laramie Libertarians adopt 'Liberty Penguin' |newspaper = Casper Star Tribune |date = July 26, 1996 |postscript = ; }} {{cite news |title = Libertarian picks penguin representation |newspaper = Fort Myers News Press |date = November 11, 1997 |postscript = ; }} {{cite news |title = Pragmatic penguin just the ticket for Wyo. Libertarians |newspaper = Denver Post |date = September 6, 1996 |agency = Associated Press |postscript = ; }} {{cite news |title = Libertarians Adopt County Artist's Design |newspaper = Grainger County News |date = April 22, 1999 |location = Grainger County, TN }}</ref> Another mascot is the Libertarian porcupine, an icon that was originally designed by Kevin Breen in March 2006, that is also often associated with the [[Free State Project]].<ref>[http://libertarianporcupine.org/info.html]. Retrieved September 27, 2012.</ref>
[[File:Libertarian Party Porcupine (USA).svg|right|thumb|150px|A modern version of the Libertarian porcupine, styled after the original by Kevin Breen.]]

== Structure and composition ==
The Libertarian Party is democratically governed by its members, with state affiliate parties each holding annual or biennial conventions at which delegates are elected to attend the party's biennial national convention. National convention delegates vote on changes to the party's national platform and bylaws, and elect officers and "At-Large" representatives to the party's National Committee.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}

The National Committee also has "Regional Representatives", some of whom are appointed by delegate caucuses at the national convention; others are appointed by the chairpersons of LP state affiliate chapters within a region.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}}

=== Libertarian National Committee ===
The [[Libertarian National Committee]] (LNC)<ref>[http://www.lp.org/organization/lncdirectory2.shtml Libertarian Party National Committee] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011212927/http://www.lp.org/organization/lncdirectory2.shtml |date=October 11, 2007 }}</ref> is a 27-member body, currently chaired by [[Nicholas Sarwark]]. The LNC is responsible for overseeing day-to-day operations of the Libertarian Party and its national office and staff. [[Wes Benedict]] is currently the Executive Director<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/carla-howell |title = Carla Howell, Political Director |work = Libertarian Party |access-date = May 5, 2015 }}</ref> of the Libertarian Party. Former executive director [[Carla Howell]], whom he was picked to replace in 2013, was made the party's political director.

=== State chapters ===
The Libertarian Party is organized in all 50 states and the [[District of Columbia]]. Each state affiliate has a governing committee, usually consisting of statewide officers elected by state party members and regional representation of one kind or another. Similarly, county, town, city and ward committees, where organized, generally consist of members elected at the local level. State and local committees often coordinate campaign activities within their jurisdiction, oversee local conventions, and in some cases primaries or caucuses, and may have a role in nominating candidates for elected office under state law.

=== Membership ===
Since the Libertarian Party's inception, individuals have been able to join the party as voting members by signing their agreement with the organization's [[Libertarian pledge|membership pledge]], which states that the signer does not advocate the initiation of force to achieve political or social goals. During the mid-1980s and into the early 1990s, this membership category was called an "instant" membership; currently these are referred to as "signature members". People joining the party are also asked to pay dues, which are on a sliding scale starting at $25 per year. Lifetime membership is granted with a $1,500 donation in one calendar year. Dues-paying members receive a subscription to the party's national newspaper, ''LP News''.<ref>{{ISSN|8755-1373}}</ref> Since 2006, membership in the party's state affiliates has been separate from membership in the national party,<ref>[http://lpar.org/help/ Help the LPAR « Libertarian Party of Arkansas] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120221021341/http://lpar.org/help/ |date=February 21, 2012 }}</ref> with each state chapter maintaining its own membership rolls.

== Platform ==
The preamble outlines the party's goals: "As Libertarians, we seek a world of liberty; a world in which all individuals are sovereign over their own lives and no one is forced to sacrifice his or her values for the benefit of others" and "Our goal is nothing more nor less than a world set free in our lifetime, and it is to this end that we take these stands." Its Statement of Principles begins: "We, the members of the Libertarian Party, challenge the cult of the omnipotent state and defend the rights of the individual." The Statement of Principles is foundational to the ideology of the party and was created specifically to bind the party to certain core principles with a high parliamentary burden for any amendment.<ref>{{cite web |last = Ann |first = Caryn |url = http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com/2015/09/d-frank-robinson-the-libertarian-party-statement-of-principles/ |title = D. Frank Robinson, The Libertarian Party Statement of Principles |work= Independent Political Report |date = December 28, 2015 |access-date = June 25, 2016 }}</ref> The platform emphasizes individual liberty in personal and economic affairs, avoidance of "foreign entanglements" and military and economic [[Interventionism (politics)|intervention]] in other nations' affairs, and free trade and migration. It calls for [[United States Constitution|Constitutional]] limitations on government as well as the elimination of most state functions. It includes a "Self-determination" section which quotes from the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] and reads: "Whenever any form of government becomes destructive of individual liberty, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to agree to such new governance as to them shall seem most likely to protect their liberty." It also includes an "Omissions" section which reads: "Our silence about any other particular government law, regulation, ordinance, directive, edict, control, regulatory agency, activity, or machination should not be construed to imply approval."<ref name=platform />

This includes favoring minimally regulated markets, a less powerful [[federal government]], strong [[civil liberties]] (including [[LGBT rights]]), (the party supports [[same-sex marriage]]), the [[drug liberalization|liberalization of drug laws]], [[separation of church and state]], [[open immigration]], [[non-interventionism]] and [[neutrality (international relations)|neutrality]] in diplomatic relations, [[free trade]] and [[freedom of movement|free movement]] to all foreign countries, and a more representative republic.<ref name=platform>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/platform |title= Libertarian Party: Platform |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = June 6, 2012 }}</ref> The party's position on abortion is that government should stay out of the matter and leave it to the individual, but recognizes that some libertarians' opinions on this issue are different.<ref name="abortion1.4">{{cite web |work = Platform |url = http://www.lp.org/platform |title = 1.4 Abortion |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = March 8, 2013 }}</ref> [[Ron Paul]], one of the former Presidential nominees of the Libertarian Party, is strictly [[pro-life]], but believes that that is an issue that should be left to the states and not enforced federally. Meanwhile, [[Gary Johnson]], the party's [[United States presidential election, 2012|2012]] and [[United States presidential election, 2016|2016]] presidential candidate, is [[pro-choice]].

== Size and influence ==
{{Refimprove section|date=November 2016}}

=== Presidential candidate performance ===
[[File:GaryJohnsonLPConvention2012.jpg|thumb|Former Gov. [[Gary Johnson]] during the [[United States presidential election, 2012|2012 election]]|right]]
[[File:Libertarian party 1972 2016.png|400px|right]]

The first Libertarian Presidential candidate, [[John Hospers]], received one electoral vote in 1972 when [[Roger MacBride]], a [[Virginia]] [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[faithless elector]] pledged to [[Richard Nixon]], cast his ballot for the Libertarian ticket. His vote for [[Tonie Nathan|Theodora ("Tonie") Nathan]] as Vice President was the first electoral college vote ever to be cast for a woman in a U.S. presidential election.<ref>"{{cite web |url = http://www.fairvote.org/e_college/faithless.htm#4 |title = Faithless Electors |publisher = [[Center for Voting and Democracy]] |access-date = July 25, 2006 }}</ref> MacBride became the Libertarian nominee himself in 1976. This was the last time that the Libertarian Party won an electoral vote until 44 years later when [[Texas]] Republican faithless elector Bill Greene, who was pledged to cast his vote for [[Donald Trump]], instead cast his vote for Libertarian Party member and former congressman [[Ron Paul]] for President.<ref>[https://www.texastribune.org/2016/12/19/watch-texas-electoral-college-vote-begins-texas-ca/ Texas electors cast 36 votes for Trump, 1 for Kasich, 1 for Ron Paul]. ''Texas Tribune'' (December 19, 2016). Retrieved December 19, 2016.</ref>

During the [[United States presidential election, 2016|2016 presidential election]], [[Gary Johnson]] and vice-presidential candidate [[Bill Weld]] received a record percentage of 3.28% of the popular vote (4,488,919 votes),<ref>http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/</ref> getting as much as 9.34% in [[United States presidential election in New Mexico, 2016|New Mexico]], where Johnson had been previously been elected Governor. In the [[United States presidential election, 2012|2012 presidential election]], [[Gary Johnson]] and running mate [[James P. Gray|Jim Gray]] received 1,275,821 votes (1%),.<ref name="clerk.house.gov">{{cite web |url = http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/2012election.pdf |title = 2012 election |publisher = Clerk of the United States House of Representatives |date = |access-date = June 25, 2016 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Pres. candidate / [[Vice President of the United States|VP]]
! Popular votes
! Percentage
! [[Electoral College (United States)|Electoral votes]]
|-
| [[1972 United States presidential election|1972]] || [[John Hospers]] / [[Theodora Nathan]]
| style="text-align:right"| 3,674 || <0.01% || 1
|-
| [[1976 United States presidential election|1976]] || [[Roger MacBride]] / [[David Bergland]]
| style="text-align:right"| 172,553 || 0.21% || 0
|-
| [[1980 United States presidential election|1980]] || [[Ed Clark]] / [[David Koch]]
| style="text-align:right"| 921,128 || 1.06% || 0
|-
| [[1984 United States presidential election|1984]] || [[David Bergland]] / [[James A. Lewis|James Lewis]]
| style="text-align:right"| 228,111 || 0.25% || 0
|-
| [[1988 United States presidential election|1988]] || [[Ron Paul]] / [[Andre Marrou]] ([[Ron Paul presidential campaign, 1988|campaign]])
| style="text-align:right"| 431,750 || 0.47% || 0
|-
| [[1992 United States presidential election|1992]] || [[Andre Marrou]] / [[Nancy Lord]]
| style="text-align:right"| 290,087 || 0.28% || 0
|-
| [[1996 United States presidential election|1996]] || [[Harry Browne]] / [[Jo Jorgensen]]
| style="text-align:right"| 485,759 || 0.50% || 0
|-
| [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]] || [[Harry Browne]] / [[Art Olivier]] ([[Harry Browne presidential campaign, 2000|campaign]])
| style="text-align:right"| 384,431 || 0.36% || 0
|-
| [[2004 United States presidential election|2004]] || [[Michael Badnarik]] / [[Richard Campagna]] ([[Michael Badnarik presidential campaign, 2004|campaign]])
| style="text-align:right"| 397,265 || 0.32% || 0
|-
| [[2008 United States presidential election|2008]] || [[Bob Barr]] / [[Wayne Allyn Root]] ([[Bob Barr presidential campaign, 2008|campaign]])
| style="text-align:right"| 523,713 || 0.40% || 0
|-
| [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]] || [[Gary Johnson]] / [[James P. Gray|Jim Gray]] ([[Gary Johnson presidential campaign, 2012|campaign]])
| style="text-align:right"| 1,275,923 || 0.99% || 0
|-
| [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]] || [[Gary Johnson]] / [[William Weld]] ([[Gary Johnson presidential campaign, 2016|campaign]])
| style="text-align:right"| 4,429,019 || 3.28% || 0
|}

{{Election box begin | title=[[United States presidential election, 2016 | Election on November 8, 2016]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Republican Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Donald Trump]]
|votes = 62,985,105
|percentage = 45.94%
|change = -0.7%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Hillary Clinton]]
|votes = 65,853,625
|percentage = 48.03%
|change = -3.3%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Libertarian Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Gary Johnson]]
|votes = 4,489,233
|percentage = 3.27%
|change = +2.3%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Green Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Jill Stein]]
|votes = 1,457,222
|percentage = 1.06%
|change = +0.7%
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = Others
|candidate = Others
|votes = 2,313,258
|percentage = 1.68%
|change = +1.0%
}}
{{Election box plurality|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = '''134,754,939'''
|percentage = '''100%'''
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Republican Party (United States)
|loser = Democratic Party (United States)
|swing =
}}{{Election box end}}

=== U.S. House of Representatives results ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Popular votes
! Percentage
! Number of seats
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1972|1972]]
| style="text-align:right"| 2,028 || 0%|| 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1974|1974]]
| style="text-align:right"| 3,099 || 0%|| 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1976|1976]]
| style="text-align:right"| 71,791 || 0%|| 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1978|1978]]
| style="text-align:right"| 64,310 || 0%|| 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1980|1980]]
| style="text-align:right"| 568,131 || 1%|| 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1982|1982]]
| style="text-align:right"| 462,767 || 1%|| 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1984|1984]]
| style="text-align:right"| 275,865 || 0%|| 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1986|1986]]
| style="text-align:right"| 121,076 || 0%|| 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1988|1988]]
| style="text-align:right"| 445,708 || <1%|| 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1990|1990]]
| style="text-align:right"| 396,131 || <1%|| 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1992|1992]]
| style="text-align:right"| 848,614 || <1%|| 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1994|1994]]
| style="text-align:right"| 415,650 || <1%|| 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1996|1996]]
| style="text-align:right"| 651,448 || <1%|| 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1998|1998]]
| style="text-align:right"| 880,024 || 1%|| 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 2000|2000]]
| style="text-align:right"| 1,610,292 || <2%|| 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 2002|2002]]
| style="text-align:right"| 1,050,776 || 1%|| 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 2004|2004]]
| style="text-align:right"| 1,056,844 || 1%|| 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 2006|2006]]
| style="text-align:right"| 656,764 || 1%|| 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 2008|2008]]
| style="text-align:right"| 1,083,096 || 1%|| 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 2010|2010]]
| style="text-align:right"| 1,010,891 || 1%|| 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 2012|2012]]
| style="text-align:right"| 1,366,338 || 1% || 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 2014|2014]]
| style="text-align:right"| 948,315 || 1% || 0
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives elections, 2016|2016]]
| style="text-align:right"| 1,712,061<ref>http://ballot-access.org/2016/12/25/u-s-house-national-totals-by-party-2016/</ref> || 2% || 0

|}

=== U.S. Senate results ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Popular votes
! Percentage
! Number of seats
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 1972|1972]]
| style="text-align:right"| N/A || 0%|| 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 1974|1974]]
| style="text-align:right"| N/A || 0% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 1976|1976]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|78,588}} || 0% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 1978|1978]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|25,071}} || 0% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 1980|1980]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|401,077}} || <1% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 1982|1982]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|291,576}} || <1% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 1984|1984]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|160,798}} || 0% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 1986|1986]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|104,338}} || 0% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 1988|1988]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|268,053}} || 0% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 1990|1990]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|142,003}} || 0% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 1992|1992]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|986,617}} || 1% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 1994|1994]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|666,183}} || 1% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 1996|1996]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|362,208}} || 1% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 1998|1998]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|419,452}} || 1% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 2000|2000]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|1,036,684}} || 1% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 2002|2002]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|724,969}} || 2% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 2004|2004]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|754,861}} || 1% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 2006|2006]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|612,732}} || 1% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 2008|2008]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|798,154}} || 1% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 2010|2010]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|755,812}} || 1% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 2012|2012]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|956,745}} || 1% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 2014|2014]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|870,719}} || 2% || 0
|-
| [[United States Senate elections, 2016|2016]]
| style="text-align:right"| {{nts|1,700,969}} || TBD || 0
|}

=== Earning ballot status ===
Historically, Libertarians have also achieved 50-state [[ballot access]] for their presidential candidate four times, in 1980, 1992, 1996 (in 2000 [[L. Neil Smith]] was on the Arizona ballot instead of the nominee, Harry Browne),<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.thegreenpapers.com/G00/AZ.html#Pre |title = Arizona November 2000 General Election |work = The Green Papers |date = |access-date = July 19, 2010 }}</ref> and most recently 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://theweek.com/speedreads/648701/gary-johnson-becomes-first-thirdparty-candidate-20-years-qualify-ballot-all-50-states |title = Gary Johnson becomes first third-party candidate in 20 years to qualify for the ballot in all 50 states |work = The Week |date = |access-date = October 5, 2016 }}</ref>

In April 2012, the Libertarian Party of Nebraska successfully lobbied for a reform in ballot access with the new law requiring parties to requalify every four years instead of two.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/blogs/alicia-mattson/nebraska-libertarians-save-taxpayers-money-with-successful-lobbying-for-improve |title = Nebraska Libertarians Save Taxpayers Money with Successful Lobbying for Improved Ballot Access Laws|publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = May 5, 2015 }}</ref>
Following the 2012 election, the party gained automatic ballot status in 30 states.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/blogs/staff/libertarian-votes-result-in-lp-having-ballot-access-in-30-states |title = Libertarian Votes Result in LP Having Ballot Access in 30 States |publisher = Libertarian Party |date = November 8, 2012 |access-date = November 20, 2012 }}</ref>

Following the 2016 election, the party announced that it had achieved automatic ballot status in 37 or 38 states plus the [[District of Columbia]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.lp.org/our-next-step/ |title = Our next step |publisher = Libertarian Party |date = November 17, 2016 |access-date = November 17, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.lp.org/big-ballot-access-wins-for-lp/|title = Big ballot access wins for LP! |publisher = Libertarian Party |date = November 9, 2016 |access-date = November 17, 2016 }}</ref>

=== Party supporters ===
In the Libertarian Party, some donors are not necessarily "members", because the Party since its founding in 1972 has defined a "member" as being someone who agrees with the Party's membership statement. The precise language of this statement is found in the Party Bylaws.<ref>[http://www.lp.org/organization/bylaws.shtml Official Bylaws] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605025750/http://www.lp.org/organization/bylaws.shtml |date=June 5, 2008 }} of the Libertarian Party. Retrieved May 14, 2007</ref> There were 115,401 Americans who were on record as having signed the membership statement, as of the 2nd quarter of 2004.<ref>Membership Report prepared December 4, 2004 for cutoff of March 31, 2004, circulated by the LNC. Retrieved May 14, 2007</ref> A survey by David Kirby and [[David Boaz]] found a minimum of 14 percent American voters to have libertarian-leaning views.<ref>{{cite web |first = David |last = Boaz |url = http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/2010/01/22/how-many-libertarian-voters-are-there/ |title = How Many Libertarian Voters Are There? |work = Cato@Liberty |publisher = Cato Institute }}</ref><ref name="policy analysis page 1">{{cite web |first = David |last = Kirby |first2 = David |last2 = Boaz |url = http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa658.pdf |title = The Libertarian Vote in the Age of Obama |work = Policy Analysis |page = 1 |publisher = Cato Institute |date = January 21, 2010 }}</ref>

There is another measure the Party uses internally as well. Since its founding, the Party has apportioned delegate seats to its national convention based on the number of members in each state who have paid minimum dues (with additional delegates given to state affiliates for good performance in winning more votes than normal for the Party's presidential candidate). This is the most-used number by Party activists. As of December 31, 2006, the Libertarian Party reported that there were 15,505 donating members.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} 1,108 of the donors gave the federal minimum ($200) or more for required individually itemized contributions.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://query.nictusa.com/cgi-bin/com_ind/2005_C00255695 |title = FEC Disclosure Report Search Results |publisher = |access-date = May 5, 2015 }}</ref>

Historically, dues were $15 throughout the 1980s; in 1991, they were increased to $25. Between February 1, 2006 and the close of the 2006 Libertarian party convention on May 31, 2006, dues were set to $0.<ref name="LNC Approves Zero Dues">"[http://www.lp.org/lpnews/article_769.shtml LNC Approves Zero Dues]", ''LP News'', September 1, 2005. Retrieved on July 25, 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070416112128/http://www.lp.org/lpnews/article_769.shtml |date=April 16, 2007 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016}}</ref> However, the change to $0 dues was controversial and was ''de facto'' reversed by the 2006 [[Libertarian National Convention]] in [[Portland, Oregon]]; at which the members re-established a basic $25 dues category (now called Sustaining membership), and further added a requirement that all National Committee officers must henceforth be at least Sustaining members (which was not required prior to the convention).

=== Election victories ===
[[File:Libertarian Party Results.png|right|375x375px]]
Libertarians have had limited success in electing candidates at the state and local level. In 1988, The Rev. Dr. James W. Clifton made Michigan state history by becoming the first Libertarian to win office in a partisan contest for city council in Addison. He received more votes than either his Democratic or Republican opponents. Following the 2002 elections, according to its site,<ref>{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030812134740/www.lp.org/organization/officials.php |date=August 12, 2003 |title="website" }}</ref> 599 Libertarians held elected or appointed local offices and appointed state offices. Since the party's creation, 10 Libertarians have been elected to [[State legislature (United States)|state legislatures]]. The most recent Libertarian candidate elected to a state legislature was [[Steve Vaillancourt]] to the [[New Hampshire House of Representatives]] in 2000. Vaillancourt, then a Democratic member of the House with libertarian leanings, had lost the Democratic primary for a seat in the [[New Hampshire Senate]] that year and accepted the Libertarian nomination so as to keep his House seat.<ref>{{cite web |work = Ballot Access News |url = http://www.ballot-access.org/2009/05/20/former-libertarian-legislative-nominee-plays-key-role-in-ongoing-new-hampshire-same-sex-marriage-bill/ |title = Former Libertarian Legislative Nominee Plays Key Role in Ongoing New Hampshire Same-Sex Marriage Bill |date = May 20, 2009 |access-date = July 18, 2009 }}</ref>

Nationwide, there are 135 Libertarians holding elected office: 36 of them partisan offices and 99 of them non-partisan offices.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/candidates/elected-officials |title = Elected-Officials; Libertarian Party |publisher = Libertarian Party |date = |access-date = August 3, 2010 }}</ref> In addition, some party members, who were elected to public office on other party lines, explicitly retained their Libertarian Party membership; these include former Representative Ron Paul, who has repeatedly stated that he remains a Life Member of the Libertarian Party.

=== Best results in major races ===
Some Libertarian candidates for state office have performed relatively strongly in statewide races. In two [[Massachusetts]] Senate races ([[United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 2000|2000]] and [[United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 2002|2002]]), Libertarian candidates [[Carla Howell]] and [[Michael Cloud]], who did not face serious Republican contenders (in 2002 the candidate failed to make the ballot), received a party record-setting 12% and 18%<ref>{{cite web |url = http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/2002/2002Stat.htm#21 |title = 2002 Election Statistics |publisher = Clerk of the United States House of Representatives |date = |access-date = July 19, 2010 }}</ref> respectively. In [[United States Senate election in Indiana, 2006|Indiana's 2006 U.S. Senate race]], which lacked a Democratic candidate, [[Steve Osborn]] received 13% of the vote. In [[United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas, 2012|2012]], [[Joel Balam]] set a record for the largest percent of the vote in a [[U.S. House]] election{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}, running in [[Kansas's 3rd congressional district]] against Republican incumbent [[Kevin Yoder]] without a Democratic opponent and receiving 32% of the vote, he received 92,675 votes according to official Kansas State voting records. In [[Alaska gubernatorial election, 1982|1982]], [[Dick Randolph]] earned 15% of the vote in his race for [[Alaska]] Governor (best ever Libertarian result for Governor). In 2002, [[Ed Thompson]], the brother of former [[Wisconsin]] Governor [[Tommy Thompson]], received 11% of the vote (second best ever Libertarian result for Governor) [[Wisconsin gubernatorial election, 2002|running for the same office]], resulting in a seat on the state elections board for the Libertarian Party. In 2008, Libertarian Party of Georgia Public Service Commission candidate [[John Monds]] became the first Libertarian in history to garner 1,076,726 votes (33%).<ref>{{cite web |url = http://sos.georgia.gov/elections/election_results/2008_1104/012.htm |title = Official Results of the Tuesday, November 04, 2008 General Election |publisher = Georgia Secretary of State |date = |access-date = November 4, 2008 }}</ref> His opponent, Republican H. Doug Everett, won the race with 2,147,012 votes (67%). In 2012, Mike Fellows, the Libertarian Party candidate in Montana for the statewide position of Clerk of the Supreme Court received 43% of the vote as the sole opponent to Democratic candidate Ed Smith, winning 27 of the state's 56 counties. This was the best a Libertarian candidate has ever polled percentage wise for a statewide office.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

=== Voter base ===
Ballot access expert [[Richard Winger]], the editor of ''[[Ballot Access News]]'', periodically compiles and analyzes voter registration statistics as reported by state voter agencies, and he reports that as of October 2012, the Libertarians ranked fifth in voter registration nationally with 325,807.<ref name="regist">{{cite news |title = October 2014 Registration Totals |work = Ballot Access News |page = 3 |date = December 1, 2014 }}</ref> 

=== 2016 election ===
[[File:Libertarian Party ballot access (2016).svg|thumb|right|Ballot access in the [[United States presidential election, 2016|2016 presidential election]]]]
A [[Monmouth University]] opinion poll conducted on March 24, 2016, found Libertarian candidate [[Gary Johnson]] in double digits with 11% against [[Donald Trump]] (34%) and [[Hillary Clinton]] (42%) in a three-way race,<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/mar/24/libertarian-gary-johnson-double-digits-race-agains/ |title = Poll shows Gary Johnson in double digits in 3-way race against Clinton, Trump |date = March 24, 2016 |last = Sherfinski |first = David |work = The Washington Times |access-date = May 14, 2016 }}</ref> while a [[CNN]] poll from July 16, 2016 found Johnson with a personal best 13% of the vote.<ref>http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2016/images/07/17/rel8a.-.2016.pdf</ref> To be included in any of the three main presidential debates, a candidate must be polling at least 15% in national polls.

Following Trump's win in the Indiana Republican primary, making him the presumptive Republican nominee, the Libertarian Party received a rise in attention. Between 7 PM on May 3 and 12 PM on May 4, the Libertarian Party received 99 new memberships and an increase in donors as well as a rise in [[Google]] searches of "Libertarian Party" and "Gary Johnson".<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/libertarian-party-membership-applications-double-after-trump-becomes-gop-nominee/article/2590367 |title = Libertarian Party membership applications double after Trump becomes GOP nominee |last = Schow |first = Ashe |work = Washignton Examiner |date = May 4, 2016 |access-date = May 10, 2016 }}</ref> On May 5, [[Mary Matalin]], a longtime Republican political strategist, made news when she switched parties to become a registered Libertarian, expressing her dislike of Trump.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.politico.com/story/2016/05/mary-matalin-registered-independent-222882 |title = Mary Matalin registers as Libertarian, says 'I'm a provisional Trumpster' |last = Gass |first = Nick |date = May 6, 2016 |work = Politico |access-date = May 10, 2016 }}</ref> On May 24, 2016, Matalin endorsed Missouri Libertarian candidate Austin Petersen.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.newsmax.com/Politics/Mary-Matalin-Endorses-Austin-Peterson-Libertarian/2016/05/24/id/730423/ |title = Mary Matalin Endorses Libertarian Austin Petersen for President |date = May 24, 2016 |work = NewsMax |last = Devaney |first = Jason |access-date = May 25, 2016 }}</ref>

Several Republican elected officials have publicly stated they are considering voting for the Libertarian Party ticket in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/ben-sasse-might-support-gary-johnson-223924 |title = Ben Sasse might support Gary Johnson |last = East |first = Kristen |date = June 5, 2016 |access-date = June 10, 2016 |work = Politico }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/08/politics/reid-ribble-donald-trump-racist/ |title = GOP congressman: Trump 'likely a racist' |last = Raju |first = Manu |date = June 8, 2016 |access-date = June 10, 2016 |publisher = CNN }}</ref> This includes 2012 Republican presidential nominee [[Mitt Romney]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/283118-romney-will-look-into-libertarian-ticket#.V1uHZo1UdSs.facebook |title = Romney will consider voting Libertarian, praises VP candidate |date = June 10, 2016 |access-date = June 12, 2016 |work = The Hill |last = Byrnes |first = Jesse }}</ref> It has been a common question and concern that the Libertarian ticket will exclusively draw away votes from [[Donald Trump]] and not the Democratic ticket. In response, Libertarian 2016 nominee Gary Johnson noted that analysis of national polls shows more votes drawn from [[Hillary Clinton]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRxe-3tb1v0 |title = Will The Libertarian Ticket Benefit From The Colbert Bump? |date = June 10, 2016 |access-date = June 10, 2016 }}</ref>

After the conclusion of the Electoral College in 2016, the Libertarian Party received one electoral college vote from a faithless voter in Texas. However, the nominated Libertarian Candidate for 2016 [[Gary Johnson]] did not receive the faithless vote, the faithless vote went to former Congressman Ron Paul who changed party affiliations in 2015 to the Libertarian Party. He is the first libertarian to receive an electoral vote since 1972.

== Presidential ballot access ==
In the 2012 Presidential election, the Libertarian Party gained ballot access in 48 states plus the District of Columbia, missing only [[Michigan]] (write-in only) and [[Oklahoma]].<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/15/us/politics/gary-johnson-the-libertarian-partys-presidential-nominee-worries-republicans.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |title = Spoiler Alert! G.O.P. Fighting Libertarian's Spot on the Ballot |access-date = February 15, 2013 }}</ref>

During the 2008 United States Presidential election, the Libertarian Party gained ballot access in 45 states; missing [[Connecticut]], the [[District of Columbia]], [[Louisiana]], [[Maine]] (write-in only), [[Oklahoma]], and [[West Virginia]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/ballot-access |title = Libertarian ballot access |publisher = Libertarian Party }}</ref>

The following is a table comparison of ballot status for the Libertarian Party presidential nominee from 1972 to 2016 (signatures needed). At the 2014 Mid-Term election, the Party had ballot access in 35 states and DC.

{| class=wikitable
|-
!| 
! style="text-align:center;"|[[United States presidential election, 1972|1972]]
! style="text-align:center;"|[[United States presidential election, 1976|1976]]
! style="text-align:center;"|[[United States presidential election, 1980|1980]]
! style="text-align:center;"|[[United States presidential election, 1984|1984]]
! style="text-align:center;"|[[United States presidential election, 1988|1988]]
! style="text-align:center;"|[[United States presidential election, 1992|1992]]
! style="text-align:center;"|[[United States presidential election, 1996|1996]]
! style="text-align:center;"|[[United States presidential election, 2000|2000]]
! style="text-align:center;"|[[United States presidential election, 2004|2004]]
! style="text-align:center;"|[[United States presidential election, 2008|2008]]
! style="text-align:center;"|[[United States presidential election, 2012|2012]]
! style="text-align:center;"|[[United States presidential election, 2016|2016]]<ref group=lower-alpha>As of September 9, 2016</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lp.org/news/press-releases/libertarian-party-clears-hurdles-for-ballot-access-in-ohio-new-york |title=Libertarian Party clears hurdles for ballot access in Ohio, New York |publisher=Libertarian Party |date=August 17, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ballot-access.org/2016/07/30/july-2016-ballot-access-news-print-edition |title=''Ballot Access News'' |publisher=Ballot Access News ([[Richard Winger]]) |date=July 30, 2016 |accessdate=August 17, 2016}}</ref>
|-
!States
|align=center|'''2'''
|align=center|'''32''' (and DC)
|align=center|'''50''' (and DC)
|align=center|'''38''' (and DC)
|align=center|'''46''' (and DC)
|align=center|'''50''' (and DC)
|align=center|'''50''' (and DC)
|align=center|'''50''' (and DC)
|align=center|'''48''' (and DC)
|align=center|'''45'''
|align=center|'''48''' (and DC)
|align=center|'''50 (and DC)
|-
!Electoral votes
|align=center|'''16'''
|align=center|'''341'''
|align=center|'''538'''
|align=center|'''403'''
|align=center|'''496'''
|align=center|'''538'''
|align=center|'''538'''
|align=center|'''538'''
|align=center|'''527'''
|align=center|'''503'''
|align=center|'''514'''
|align=center|'''538'''
|-
!% of population (EVs)
|align=center|'''-'''
|align=center|'''-'''
|align=center|'''100%''' (100%)
|align=center|'''-'''
|align=center|'''-'''
|align=center|'''100%''' (100%)
|align=center|'''100%''' (100%)
|align=center|'''100%''' (100%)
|align=center|'''-'''
|align=center|'''95%''' (93%)
|align=center|'''95%''' (96%)
|align=center|'''100%''' (100%)

{{thickborder}}
|[[Alabama]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"| Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[Alaska]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[Arizona]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[Arkansas]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;" colspan="2"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="10"|On ballot
|-
|[[California]]
|align=center| (Write-in)
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[Colorado]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="12"|On ballot
|-
|[[Connecticut]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;" colspan="2"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;"|On ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="5"|On ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="2"|On ballot
|-
|[[Delaware]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;" colspan="2"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="10"|On ballot
|-
|[[Florida]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
|align=center| (Write-in)
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;"|On ballot
|align=center| (Write-in)
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="8"|On ballot
|-
|[[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
|align=center| (Write-in)
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;"|On ballot
|align=center| (Write-in)
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="8"|On ballot
|-
|[[Hawaii]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[Idaho]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[Illinois]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[Indiana]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;" colspan="2"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="2"|On ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="7"|On ballot
|-
|[[Iowa]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[Kansas]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[Kentucky]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="2"|On ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="8"|On ballot
|-
|[[Louisiana]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="8"|On ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="2"|On ballot
|-
|[[Maine]]
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| (Write-in)
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;"|On ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="5"|On ballot
|align=center| (Write-in)
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="2"|On ballot
|-
|[[Maryland]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;" colspan="2"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="10"|On ballot
|-
|[[Massachusetts]]
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| (Write-in)
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;"|On ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="8"|On ballot
|-
|[[Michigan]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="9"|On ballot
|align=center| (Write-in)
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;"|On ballot
|-
|[[Minnesota]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[Mississippi]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[Missouri]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;" colspan="2"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;"|On ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
|align=center| (Write-in)
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="7"|On ballot
|-
|[[Montana]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;" colspan="2"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="10"|On ballot
|-
|[[Nebraska]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[Nevada]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[New Hampshire]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="8"|On ballot
|align=center| (Write-in)
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="2"|On ballot
|-
|[[New Jersey]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[New Mexico]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[New York (state)|New York]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[North Carolina]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="3"|On ballot
|align=center| (Write-in)
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="7"|On ballot

|-
|[[North Dakota]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan=11"|On ballot
|-
|[[Ohio]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[Oklahoma]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;" colspan="2"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="6"|On ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;" colspan="3"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" |On ballot
|-
|[[Oregon]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;" colspan="2"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;"|On ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="8"|On ballot
|-
|[[Pennsylvania]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;" colspan="2"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="10"|On ballot
|-
|[[Rhode Island]]
|align=center| (Write-in)
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[South Carolina]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;" colspan="2"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="10"|On ballot
|-
|[[South Dakota]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="2"|On ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="8"|On ballot
|-
|[[Tennessee]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[Texas]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
|align=center| (Write-in)
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;"|On ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="8"|On ballot
|-
|[[Utah]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[Vermont]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
|align=center| (Write-in)
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="10"|On ballot
|-
|[[Virginia]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="2"|On ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="8"|On ballot
|-
|[[Washington (state)|Washington]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="12"|On ballot
|-
|[[West Virginia]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;" colspan="2"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;"|On ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;" colspan="2"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="4"|On ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="2"|On ballot
|-
|[[Wisconsin]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="11"|On ballot
|-
|[[Wyoming]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
|align=center| (Write-in)
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="10"|On ballot
|-
|[[District of Columbia]]
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="8"|On ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#C41E3A;"|Not on ballot
| style="text-align:center; background:#88ee88;" colspan="2"|On ballot
|}

== Recent issue stances ==
{{expand section|date=January 2011}}
The Libertarian Party supports [[laissez-faire]] [[capitalism]] and the abolition of the modern [[welfare state]]. It adopts pro-[[civil liberties]] and pro-[[cultural liberalism|cultural liberal]] approaches to cultural and social issues. Paul H. Rubin, professor of law and economics at [[Emory University]], believes that while [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] generally seek to control economic activities and [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] generally seek to control consumption activities such as sexual behavior, abortion etc., the Libertarian Party is the largest political party in the United States that advocates few or no regulations in what he deems "social" and "economic" issues.<ref>{{cite book |title = Darwinian politics: The Evolutionary Origin of Freedom |first = Paul H. |last = Rubin |year = 2002 |publisher = [[Rutgers University Press]] |isbn = 978-0-8135-3096-3 |page = 130 |url = https://books.google.com/?id=qZ1mSn7BoLMC&pg=PA130 }}</ref>

=== Economic issues ===
The "poverty and welfare" issues page of the Libertarian Party's website says that it opposes [[Regulatory economics|regulation]] of capitalist [[Institutional economics|economic institutions]], and advocates dismantling the entirety of the [[welfare state]]:<blockquote>We should eliminate the entire social welfare system. This includes eliminating food stamps, subsidized housing, and all the rest. Individuals who are unable to fully support themselves and their families through the job market must, once again, learn to rely on supportive family, church, community, or private charity to bridge the gap.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url = https://www.lp.org/issues/poverty-and-welfare |title = Poverty and Welfare|publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = May 17, 2016 }}</ref></blockquote>According to the party platform, "The only proper role of government in the economic realm is to protect [[property rights]], adjudicate disputes, and provide a legal framework in which voluntary trade is protected." – Libertarian Party Platform, Section 2.0 (adopted: May 2008)<ref name="lp" />

The Libertarian Party believes [[Economic regulation#Criticism of economic regulation|government regulations]] in the form of [[minimum wage law]]s drive up the [[Minimum wage#Debate over consequences|cost of employing additional workers]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/issues/poverty-and-welfare |title = Poverty and Welfare|publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = May 5, 2015 }}</ref> This is why Libertarians favor loosening minimum wage laws so that overall [[Economy of the United States#Employment|unemployment rate]] can be reduced and low-wage workers, unskilled workers, [[Immigration to the United States|visa immigrants]], and those with limited education or job experience can find employment.<ref>[http://www.ca.lp.org/lp20090420.shtml Time to Tax Sacramento with Tough Love] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113063659/http://www.ca.lp.org/lp20090420.shtml |date=January 13, 2010 }}</ref>

==== Education ====
The party supports ending the [[Education in the United States|U.S. public school system]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.lp.org/platform#2.9 |title = Platform|publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = July 29, 2016 }}</ref> The party's official platform states that education is best provided by the [[free market]], achieving greater quality, accountability and efficiency with more diversity of [[school choice]]. Seeing the education of children as a parental responsibility, the party would give authority to parents to determine the education of their children at their expense without interference from government. This includes ending [[School corporal punishment in the United States|corporal punishment]] within [[State school|public schools]]. Libertarians have expressed that parents should have control of and responsibility for all funds expended for their children's education.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/platform |title = Platform|publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = January 29, 2016 }}</ref>

==== Environment ====
{{See also|Free-market environmentalism}}
The Libertarian party supports a clean and healthy environment and sensible use of [[natural resources]], believing that private landowners and conservation groups have a vested interest in maintaining such natural resources.<ref name=platform /> The party has also expressed that "governments, unlike private businesses, are unaccountable for such damage done to the environment and have a terrible track record when it comes to environmental protection."<ref name="Platform">{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/platform |title = Platform|publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = May 5, 2015 }}</ref> The party contends that the environment is best protected when individual rights pertaining to natural resources are clearly defined and enforced. The party also contends that [[free markets]] and [[property rights]] (implicitly, without government intervention) will stimulate the technological innovations and behavioral changes required to protect the environment and ecosystem because environmental advocates and [[social pressure]] are the most effective means of changing public behavior.<ref name="Platform" />

==== Fiscal policies ====
The Libertarian Party opposes all government intervention and regulation on wages, [[price]]s, [[Renting|rents]], [[Profit (accounting)|profits]], production, and [[interest rate]]s and advocate the repeal of all laws banning or restricting the advertising of [[price]]s, products, or services. The party's recent platform calls for the repeal of the [[income tax]], the abolition of the [[Internal Revenue Service]] and all federal programs and services, such as the [[Federal Reserve System]]. The party supports the passage of a [[Balanced Budget Amendment]] to the U.S. Constitution which they believe will significantly lower the [[U.S. national debt|national debt]], provided that the budget is balanced preferably by cutting expenditures, and not by raising taxes. Libertarians favor [[free-market]] banking, with unrestricted competition among banks and depository institutions of all types. The party also wants a halt to [[inflationary]] monetary policies and legal tender laws. While the party defends the right of individuals to form corporations, cooperatives and other types of companies, it opposes government [[subsidies]] to business, labor, or any other [[special interest]].<ref name="Platform" />

==== Health care ====
The Libertarian Party favors a [[free-market health care]] system, without government oversight, approval, regulation, and licensing. The party states that it "recognizes the freedom of individuals to determine the level of [[health insurance]] they want (if any), the amount of health care they want, the care providers they want, the medicines and treatments they will use and all other aspects of their [[medical care]], including end-of-life decisions." They support the repeal of all social insurance policies, such as [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] and [[Medicaid]], and favor "consumer-driven health care".<ref>{{cite press release |url = https://www.lp.org/news/press-releases/libertarian-party-opposes-health-care-plan |date = March 19, 2010 |title = Libertarian Party opposes health care plan |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = August 2, 2016 }}</ref> The Libertarian Party has been advocating for Americans' ability to purchase health insurance across state lines.

==== Immigration and trade agreements ====
The Libertarian Party consistently lobbies for the removal of governmental impediments to free trade. This is because their platform states that "political freedom and escape from tyranny demand that individuals not be unreasonably constrained by government in the crossing of political boundaries".<ref name="lp.org">{{cite web |url = https://www.lp.org/platform |title = Platform|publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = May 5, 2015 }}</ref> To promote economic freedom, they demand the unrestricted movement of human as well as financial capital across national borders. However, the party encourages control over the entry into the country of foreign nationals who pose a credible threat to security, health or property.{{Citation needed|date=May 2015}}

==== Labor ====
The Libertarian Party supports the repeal of all laws which impede the ability of any person to find employment while opposing government-fostered/forced retirement and heavy interference in the [[collective bargaining|bargaining process]]. The party supports the right of free persons to associate or not associate in [[Trade union|labor unions]], and believes that employers should have the right to recognize or refuse to recognize a union.<ref name="Platform" />

==== Retirement and Social Security ====
The party believes that retirement planning is the responsibility of the individual, not the government. Libertarians would phase out the current government-sponsored [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] system and transition to a [[privatization|private]] voluntary system. The Libertarians feel that the proper and most effective source of help for the poor is the voluntary efforts of [[Charitable organization|private groups]] and individuals, believing members of society will become more charitable and civil society will be strengthened as government reduces its activity in this realm.<ref name="Platform" />

=== Social issues ===
The Libertarian Party supports the legalization of all [[victimless crimes]],<ref name="http://www.lp.org/platform">{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/platform |title = Platform | Libertarian Party |publisher = Libertarian Party |date = |access-date = January 29, 2016 }}</ref> including [[Recreational drug use|drugs]],<ref name="Eagles Johnston">{{cite book |title = Politics: An Introduction to Modern Democratic Government |last1 = Eagles |first1 = Munroe |last2 = Johnston |first2 = Larry |year = 2008 |publisher = [[University of Toronto Press]] |isbn = 978-1-55111-858-1 |page = 110 |url = https://books.google.com/?id=uw9BHYRdtsAC&pg=PA110 }}</ref><ref name="Libertarian struggle">{{cite news |first = Karin |last = Miller |url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uOwjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xewDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6583,6407110&dq=prostitution+libertarian-party&hl=en |title = Libertarian struggle to be taken seriously in presidential race |work = [[Deseret News]] |agency = Associated Press |date = September 12–13, 1996 }}</ref><ref name="Co-founder">{{Cite news |first = Emma |last = Brown |url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/23/AR2010112306604.html |title = Co-founder of national Libertarian Party |work = [[The Washington Post]] |date = November 24, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="GALLOWAY Libertarian">{{cite news |first = Angela |last = Galloway |url = http://www.seattlepi.com/default/article/For-Libertarians-winning-is-a-work-in-progress-1155744.php |title = For Libertarians, winning is a work in progress |work = [[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]] |date = October 3, 2004 }}</ref> [[Libertarian Party (United States)#Pornography|pornography]],<ref name="Eagles Johnston" /> [[Libertarian Party (United States)#Prostitution|prostitution]],<ref name="Eagles Johnston" /><ref name="Libertarian struggle" /><ref name="Co-founder" /><ref name="GALLOWAY Libertarian" /> [[polygamy]],<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.azlp.org/platform.php |publisher = Arizona Libertarian Party |title = Home |access-date = May 5, 2015 }}</ref> gambling,<ref>{{cite book |title = Understanding American Government and Politics |first = Duncan |last = Watts |year = 2006 |publisher = [[Manchester University Press]] |isbn = 978-0-7190-7327-4 |page = 246 |url = https://books.google.com/?id=SIeIARfRc1AC&pg=RA2-PT124 }}</ref> removal of restrictions on [[Libertarian Party (United States)#LGBT issues|homosexuality]],<ref name="Co-founder" /> opposes any kind of censorship and supports [[freedom of speech]],<ref name="Freedom of Speech">{{Cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/issues/freedom-of-speech |title = Freedom of Speech |publisher = Libertarian Party }}</ref> and supports the [[right to keep and bear arms]]<ref name="Libertarian struggle" /> while opposing Federal capital punishment.<ref name="ontheissues.org">{{cite web |url = http://www.ontheissues.org/Celeb/Libertarian_Party_Crime.htm |title = Libertarian Party on Crime |work = OnTheIssues.org |date = |access-date = January 29, 2016 }}</ref> The Libertarian Party's platform states: "Government does not have the authority to define, license or restrict [[personal relationship]]s. Consenting adults should be free to choose their own sexual practices and personal relationships."<ref name="Platform" />

[[File:LP-Prochoice-Rally-DC-11-12-1989.jpg|thumb|A Libertarian banner at a Pro-Choice rally, emphasizing the party's support for giving voters more choices in nearly all aspects of society.|right]]

==== Abortion ====
{{See also|Libertarian perspectives on abortion}}
The official Libertarian party platform states, "Recognizing that abortion is a sensitive issue and that people can hold good-faith views on all sides, we believe that government should be kept out of the matter, leaving the question to each person for their conscientious consideration."<ref name="abortion1.4"/> Libertarians have very different opinions on the issue, just like in the general public. Some, like the group [[Libertarians for Life]], consider abortion to be an act of aggression from the government or mother against a fetus. Others, like the group Pro-Choice Libertarians,<ref>{{cite web |url = http://pro-choicelibertarians.net/ |title = Pro-Choice Libertarians |access-date = July 12, 2012 }}</ref> consider denying a woman the right to choose abortion to be an act of aggression from the government against her.

==== Crime and capital punishment ====
{{See also|Libertarian perspectives on capital punishment}}
Shortly before the [[United States presidential election, 2000|2000 elections]], the party released a "Libertarian Party Program on Crime" in which they criticize the failures of a recently proposed Omnibus Crime Bill, especially detailing how it expands the list of [[capital crime]]s.<ref name="ontheissues.org" /> Denouncing Federal executions, they also describe how the party would increase and safeguard the [[rights of the accused]] in legal settings as well as limit the use of [[excessive force]] by police. Instead, criminal laws would be reduced to violations of the rights of others through either force or fraud with maximum [[restitution]] given to victims of the criminals or negligent persons.<ref name="lp.org" /> In 2016, the party expanded their platform to officially support the repeal of capital punishment.<ref name="http://www.lp.org/platform#1.8"/>

==== Freedom of speech and censorship ====
The Libertarian Party supports unrestricted [[freedom of speech]] and is opposed to any kind of censorship. The party describes the issue in its website: "We defend the rights of individuals to unrestricted freedom of speech, [[freedom of the press]] and the right of individuals to [[dissent]] from government itself.... We oppose any abridgment of the freedom of speech through government censorship, regulation or control of communications media." The party claims it is the only political party in the United States "with an explicit stand against censorship of computer communications in its platform."<ref name="Freedom of Speech" />

==== Government reform ====
The Libertarian Party favors election systems that are more representative of the [[electoral district|electorate]] at the [[United States federal government|federal]], state and [[local government|local]] levels. The party platform calls for an end to any tax-financed subsidies to candidates or parties and the repeal of all laws which restrict voluntary financing of election campaigns. As a [[minor party]], it opposes laws that effectively exclude alternative candidates and parties, deny [[ballot access]], [[gerrymander]] districts, or deny the voters their right to consider all legitimate alternatives. Libertarians also promote the use of [[direct democracy]] through the [[referendum]] and [[recall election|recall]] processes.<ref name="auto" />

==== LGBT issues ====
The Libertarian Party advocates repealing all laws that control or prohibit homosexuality.<ref name=calp>[http://ca.lp.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Platform-of-the-Libertarian-Party-of-California-as-amended-in-Convention-March-3-2012.pdf Platform of the Libertarian Party of California as amended in Convention March 3, 2012] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403014848/http://ca.lp.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Platform-of-the-Libertarian-Party-of-California-as-amended-in-Convention-March-3-2012.pdf |date=April 3, 2015 }}</ref> According to the Libertarian Party's platform, "Sexual orientation, preference, gender, or gender identity should have no impact on the government's treatment of individuals, such as in current marriage, child custody, adoption, immigration or military service laws."<ref name=Platform />

Gay activist Richard Sincere has pointed to the longstanding support of gay rights by the party, which has supported [[same-sex marriage]] since its first platform was drafted in 1972 (40 years before the Democratic Party adopted same-sex marriage into their platform in 2012). Many LGBT political candidates have run for office on the Libertarian Party ticket,<ref>{{Cite news |first = John |last = Gallagher |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KGQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT46 |title = It's my party |work = [[The Advocate]] |date = October 29, 1996 }}</ref> and there have been numerous LGBT caucuses in the party, with the most active in recent years being the [[Outright Libertarians]]. Many Outright Libertarians have expressed support for a proposed [[Employment Non-Discrimination Act]] that would end LGBT [[employment discrimination]].{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}

In 2009, the [[Libertarian Party of Washington]] encouraged voters to approve [[Washington Referendum 71 (2009)|Washington Referendum 71]] that extended [[LGBT rights in the United States|LGBT relationship rights]]. According to the party, withholding [[Domestic partnership in the United States|domestic partnership]] rights from [[same-sex couple]]s is a violation of the [[Equal Protection Clause]] of the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]].<ref>Christopher Mangum, [http://www.advocate.com/printArticle.aspx?id=100523 Libertarians Endorse R-71] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919032631/http://www.advocate.com/printArticle.aspx?id=100523 |date=September 19, 2011 }}, ''[[The Advocate]]'', October 21, 2009.</ref> In September 2010, in the light of the failure to repeal the "[[Don't Ask, Don't Tell]]" policy (which banned openly gay people from serving in the military) during the [[Obama administration]], the Libertarian Party urged gay voters to stop supporting the Democratic Party and vote Libertarian instead.<ref>{{cite news |first = Julie |last = Bolcer |url = http://advocate.com/News/Daily_News/2010/09/24/Libertarians_to_Gays_We_Want_You/ |title = Libertarians to Gays: We Want You |work = The Advocate |date = September 24, 2010 }}</ref> The policy was repealed at the end of 2010.<ref>{{cite news |first = Sheryl Gay |last = Stolberg |title = With Obama's Signature, 'Don't Ask' Is Repealed |newspaper = [[The New York Times]] |date = December 22, 2010 |url = http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/23/us/politics/23military.html |access-date = December 22, 2010 }}</ref>

==== Pornography and prostitution ====
The Libertarian Party views attempts by government to control [[obscenity]] or [[pornography]] as "an abridgment of liberty of expression"<ref name="Freedom of Speech" /> and opposes any government intervention to regulate it. According to former Libertarian National Committee chairman [[Mark Hinkle]], "Federal anti-[[obscenity]] laws are unconstitutional in two ways. First, because the Constitution does not grant Congress any power to regulate or criminalize obscenity, and second, because the First Amendment guarantees the right of [[free speech]]."<ref>{{cite press release |url = http://www.lp.org/news/press-releases/ridiculous-pornography-trial-violates-constitution |title = Ridiculous pornography trial violates Constitution |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = May 5, 2015 }}</ref> This also means that the party supports the legalization of prostitution.<ref name="Eagles Johnston" /><ref name="Libertarian struggle" /><ref name="Co-founder" /><ref name="GALLOWAY Libertarian" /> Many men and women<ref name="Ex call-girl">{{Cite news |url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2JFdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=klwNAAAAIBAJ&pg=6766,3289732&dq=prostitution+libertarian-party&hl=en |title = Ex-call girl seeks 'legal prostitution' job |work = The Telegraph-Herald |date = July 20, 1986 }}{{full citation needed|date=August 2016}}</ref><ref name="Minor Party">{{Cite news |url = http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/1084251322.html?dids=1084251322:1084251322&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Oct+13%2C+1986&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Bully+for+Minor+Party+Candidates&pqatl=google |title= Bully for Minor Party Candidates |last= Stall |first= Bill |page= B5 |work = [[Los Angeles Times]] |date = October 13, 1986 |quote = There is Norma Jean Almodovar, the former Los Angeles prostitute running on the Libertarian Party ticket. }}</ref><ref name=Salon>{{cite news |url = http://www.salon.com/life/broadsheet/feature/2008/10/31/prop_k |title = Prostitutes before pimps |work = [[Salon.com|Salon]] |quote = After the meeting, Liu got into a friendly debate with Starchild—this is the Bay Area, folks!—a well-known sex worker and outreach director for the local Libertarian Party. }}</ref><ref name="Candidate fights">{{cite news |url = http://www.ebar.com/news/article.php?sec=news&article=1120 |title = Candidate fights solicitation charge |work = [[Bay Area Reporter]] |quote = A member of the Libertarian Party and an activist for sex worker rights, Starchild has lashed out at the Fremont Police Department... }}</ref> with background in prostitution and activists for [[sex workers' rights]], such as [[Norma Jean Almodovar]]<ref name="Ex call-girl" /><ref name="Minor Party" /> and Starchild,<ref name=Salon /><ref name="Candidate fights" /> have run for office on the Libertarian Party ticket or are active members of the party. Norma Jean Almodovar, a former officer with the Los Angeles Police Department and former [[call girl]] who authored the book ''From Cop To Call Girl'' about her experiences, ran on the Libertarian Party ticket for California lieutenant governor in 1986 and was actively supported by the party. [[Mark Hinkle]] described her as being the most able "of any Libertarian" "to generate publicity".<ref name="Ex call-girl" /> The [[Massachusetts Libertarian Party]] was one of the few organizations to support a 1980s campaign to repeal prostitution laws.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jWE0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=1OAIAAAAIBAJ&pg=4871,3000823&dq=prostitution+libertarian-party&hl=en |title = Group begins campaign to repeal prostitution laws |work = [[Bangor Daily News]] |date = October 6, 1983 }}</ref>

==== Second Amendment rights ====
The Libertarian Party affirms an individual's right recognized by the [[Second Amendment to the United States Constitution|Second Amendment]] to keep and bear arms, and opposes the prosecution of individuals for exercising their rights of [[self-defense]]. They oppose all laws at any level of government requiring registration of, or restricting, the ownership, manufacture, or transfer or sale of [[firearms]] or [[ammunition]].<ref name="Platform" />

=== Foreign policy issues ===
Libertarians generally prefer an attitude of mutual respect between all nations{{citation needed|date=June 2016}}.
Libertarians believe that free trade engenders positive international relationships.
Libertarian candidates have promised to cut [[foreign aid]] and withdraw American troops from the Middle East and other areas throughout the world.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/issues/foreign-policy |title = Foreign Policy |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = May 5, 2015 }}</ref>

==== Political status of Puerto Rico ====
The Libertarian Party has not officially commented on their position of the status of [[Puerto Rico]]. However, they did publish an article in which Bruce Majors, the party's [[United States House of Representatives elections, 2012|2012 candidate]] for the [[District of Columbia's at-large congressional district]] [[Delegate (United States Congress)|delegate]] election, expressed support to "put a [[referendum]] on the [[ballot]] and let...residents decide whether they would like to be a state" and thereby give residents of Washington D.C. and Puerto Rico greater control over their level of [[Taxation in the United States|taxation]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lp.org/blogs/staff/uphill-battle-for-libertarian-in-dc-but-reward-is-possible |title = Uphill Battle for Libertarian in DC, But Reward Is Possible |publisher = Libertarian Party |access-date = May 5, 2015 }}</ref>

== Internal debates ==
{{Refimprove section|date=November 2016}}
{{Main article|Factions in the Libertarian Party (United States)}}

=== "Principle" vs. "Pragmatism" debate ===
The debate that has survived the longest is referred to by libertarians as the [[Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism|anarchist–minarchist debate]]. In 1974, [[Anarchism|anarchists]] and [[Minarchism|minarchists]] within the Party agreed to "cease fire" about the specific question of whether governments should exist at all, and focus on promoting voluntary solutions to the problems caused by government instead. This agreement has become known as the [[Dallas Accord]], having taken place at the party's convention that year in [[Dallas, Texas]].

In the opinion of some Party officials, members who emphasize "principle," even at the expense of electoral success, have dominated the party since the early 1980s. Libertarian members often cite the departure of [[Ed Crane (political activist)|Ed Crane]] (of the [[Cato Institute]], a libertarian [[think tank]]) as a key turning point.<ref name="lr1981">{{cite news |last = Rothbard |first = Murray |authorlink = Murray Rothbard |title = It Usually Ends With Ed Crane |url = https://www.lewrockwell.com/1970/01/murray-n-rothbard/it-usually-ends-with-ed-crane/ |access-date = October 11, 2013 |work = LewRockwell.com |date = January–April 1981 }}</ref> Crane, who in the 1970s had been the party's first Executive Director, and some of his allies resigned from the Party in 1983 when their preferred candidates for national committee seats lost in the elections at the national convention. Others, like [[Mary Ruwart]] say that despite this apparent victory of those favoring principle, the party has for decades been slowly moving away from its ideals.<ref name="librep2008">{{cite news |last = Dondero |first = Eric |title = Mary Ruwart set to announce for Libertarian Presidential race today: Controversy swirling over her past support for worst LP Prez campaign ever |url = http://www.libertarianrepublican.net/2008/03/mary-ruwart-set-to-announce-for.html |access-date = October 11, 2013 |work = Libertarian Republican |date = March 21, 2008 }}</ref>

The debate quieted for a time, then arose again in the mid-1990s, when a "Committee for a Libertarian Majority" (CLM) was formed and met in [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and worked up several proposals to alter many aspects of the Libertarian Party's operations. Two of their proposals (substantially altering the platform and abolishing the membership pledge) attracted a lot of attention and opposition sprang up in the form of another committee called PLEDGE. In the long run, CLM's proposals attracted some support at the national convention but did not prevail.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}

Beginning in roughly 2004, the debate arose anew as a division between "Purism" and "Pragmatism",<ref>{{cite news |last1 = Koerner |first1 = Robin |title = Libertarian Purists: Libertarian on Everything – Except Liberty |url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robin-koerner/libertarian-purists-liber_b_4969102.html |work = [[The Huffington Post]] |access-date = November 24, 2014 }}</ref> with the formation of several "pragmatist" groups, such as the Libertarian Party Reform Caucus. These groups generally advocate(d) revising the party's platform, eliminating or altering the membership statement, and focusing on a politics-oriented approach aimed at presenting libertarianism to voters in what they deemed a "less threatening" manner.<ref name="lr7-7-2006">{{cite news |last = Samuels |first = L.K. |title = Evicting Libertarian Party Principles: The Portland Purge |url = http://archive.lewrockwell.com/2006/07/lk-samuels/evicting-libertarian-party-principles-theportlandpurge |access-date = October 11, 2013 |work = LewRockwell.com |date = July 7, 2006 }}</ref> [[LPRadicals]] emerged in response and was active at the [[2008 Libertarian National Convention|2008]] and [[2010 Libertarian National Convention|2010]] [[Libertarian National Convention]]s.<ref>[http://www.lpradicals.org/pages/home/key-points.php LP Radicals Key points on LPRadicals.org] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101102015759/http://www.lpradicals.org/pages/home/key-points.php |date=November 2, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first = Alexander |last = Zaitchik |url = http://www.alternet.org/election08/86514/Is |title = Bob Barr the Ralph Nader of 2008? |work = [[Alternet.org]] |date = May 27, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first = Tom |last = Knapp |url = http://knappster.blogspot.com/2010/01/reasons-for-radicals-to-return-to.html |title = Reasons for Radicals (to return to the Libertarian Party) |date = January 5, 2010 |postscript = ; }} {{cite web |url = http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com/2010/06/knppster-on-libertarian-national-convention/#more-16361 |title = Kn@ppster on Libertarian National Convention |work = Independent Political Report |date = June 4, 2010 }}</ref>

At the [[2016 Libertarian National Convention]], a newly re-founded Radical Caucus endorsed Darryl W. Perry for President and Will Coley for Vice President, who respectively won 7% and 10% of the vote on the first ballot.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.c-span.org/video/?409917-1/libertarian-party-selects-gary-johnson-2016-nominee&live= |title = Libertarian Party Selects Gary Johnson to be 2016 Nominee |publisher = C-SPAN |access-date = July 29, 2016 }}</ref> Though not explicitly organized as such, most self-identified pragmatists or moderates supported the nomination of [[Gary Johnson]] for President and [[Bill Weld]] for Vice President.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://reason.com/archives/2016/07/10/the-libertarian-party-moment |title = The Libertarian Party Moment |date = July 10, 2016 |work = Reason |access-date = July 29, 2016 }}</ref> Johnson and Weld were both nominated on the second ballot with a narrow majority, after having both placed just shy of the required 50% on the first ballots. After the convention, the Libertarian Pragmatist Caucus was founded and organized with the goal "[t]o promote realistic, pragmatic, and practical libertarian candidates and solutions." <ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.facebook.com/LibertarianPragmatists/ |title = Security Check Required |publisher = |access-date = July 29, 2016 }}</ref> The Libertarian Party Radical Caucus which was very active at the 2016 Convention was founded and organized with the goal to "support the re-radicalization of the LP; and further to promote a clear, radical vision of libertarianism through education and electoral advocacy both within the LP and outside of it."<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lpradicalcaucus.org |title = Libertarian Party Radical Caucus |access-date = September 23, 2016 }}</ref>

=== Platform revision ===
In 1999, a working group of leading LP activists proposed to reformat and retire the platform to serve as a guide for legislative projects (its main purpose to that point) and create a series of custom platforms on current issues for different purposes, including the needs of the growing number of Libertarians in office. The proposal was incorporated in a new party-wide strategic plan and a joint platform-program committee proposed a reformatted project platform that isolated talking points on issues, principles and solutions, and an array of projects for adaptation. This platform, along with a short Summary for talking points, was approved in 2004. Confusion arose when prior to the 2006 convention, there was a push to repeal or substantially rewrite the Platform, at the center of which were groups such as the [[Libertarian Reform Caucus]].<ref>"[http://www.reformthelp.org/ Victory in Portland! Libertarian Reform Caucus]"</ref> Their agenda was partially successful in that the current platform was much shortened (going from 61 to 15 planks – 11 new planks and 4 retained from the old platform) over the previous one.<ref name="platform2006">[http://www.lp.org/issues/platform_all.shtml National Platform of the Libertarian Party] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528182629/http://www.lp.org/issues/platform_all.shtml |date=May 28, 2008 }}, Official Website of the Libertarian National Committee. Retrieved on July 25, 2006</ref>

Members differ as to the reasons why the changes were relatively more drastic than any platform actions at previous conventions. Some delegates voted for changes so the Party could appeal to a wider audience, while others simply thought the entire document needed an overhaul. It was also pointed out that the text of the existing platform was not provided to the delegates, making many reluctant to vote to retain the planks when the existing language wasn't provided for review.<ref>"[http://www.libertyforall.net/?p=6 Portland and the LP Platform: The Perfect Storm]", a review by George Squyres, Platform Committee chairman. Retrieved on November 2, 2006.</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=March 2009}}

Not all party members approved of the changes, some believing them to be a setback to libertarianism<ref>"[http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rockwell/lp-turkish-delight.html The LP's Turkish Delight] by [[Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr.]]".</ref> and an abandonment of what they see as the most important purpose of the Libertarian Party.<ref>L.K. Samuels, [http://archive.lewrockwell.com/orig7/samuels1.html Evicting Libertarian Party Principles: The Portland Purge], [[LewRockwell.com]], July 7, 2006.</ref>

At the 2008 national convention, the changes went even further; with the approval of an entirely revamped platform.<ref name="lp-platform2008">{{cite web |first = |last = Libertarian Party |author2 = |url = http://www.lp.org/platform |title = National Platform of the Libertarian Party (2008) |publisher = Libertarian Party |date = May 2008 |access-date = October 11, 2013 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131003074345/http://www.lp.org/platform |archivedate = October 3, 2013 }}</ref> Much of the new platform recycles language from pre-millennial platforms.<ref name="lp-platform1996">{{cite web |first = |last = Libertarian Party |author2 = |url = http://www.lp.org/platform/ |title = 1996 National Platform of the Libertarian Party |publisher = Libertarian Party |date = July 1996 |access-date = October 11, 2013 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131003074345/http://www.lp.org/platform |archivedate = October 3, 2013 }}</ref> While the planks were renamed, most address ideas found in earlier platforms and run no longer than three to four sentences.<ref name="lp-platform2008" />

== State and territorial parties ==
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
* [[Libertarian Party of Alabama]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Alaska]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Arizona]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Arkansas]]
* [[Libertarian Party of California]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Colorado]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Connecticut]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Delaware]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Florida]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Georgia]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Hawaii]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Idaho]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Illinois]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Indiana]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Iowa]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Kansas]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Kentucky]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Louisiana]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Maine]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Maryland]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Massachusetts]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Michigan]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Minnesota]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Mississippi]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Missouri]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Montana]]
{{Col-2}}
* [[Libertarian Party of Nebraska]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Nevada]]
* [[Libertarian Party of New Hampshire]]
* [[Libertarian Party of New Jersey]]
* [[Libertarian Party of New Mexico]]
* [[Libertarian Party of New York]]
* [[Libertarian Party of North Carolina]]
* [[Libertarian Party of North Dakota]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Ohio]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Oklahoma]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Oregon]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Pennsylvania]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Rhode Island]]
* [[Libertarian Party of South Carolina]]
* [[Libertarian Party of South Dakota]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Tennessee]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Texas]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Utah]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Vermont]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Virginia]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Washington]]
* [[Libertarian Party of West Virginia]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Wisconsin]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Wyoming]]
* [[Libertarian Party of the District of Columbia]]
* [[Libertarian Party of Puerto Rico]]
{{Col-end}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Libertarianism}}
* [[Factions in the Libertarian Party (United States)|Factions in the U.S. Libertarian Party]]
* [[Libertarianism in the United States]]
* [[Libertarian National Committee]]
* [[Libertarian National Convention]]
* [[List of libertarian organizations]]
* [[List of libertarian political parties]]
* [[List of libertarians in the United States]]
* [[List of political parties in the United States]]
* [[List of state Libertarian Parties in the United States]]
* [[Political party strength in U.S. states]]
* [[Third party (United States)|Third parties in the United States]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last= Epstein |first= David A. |year= 2012 |title= Left, Right, Out: The History of Third Parties in America |publisher= Arts and Letters Imperium Publications |isbn= 978-0-578-10654-0}}
* {{cite web |author-link= David Boaz |first1= David |last1= Boaz |first2= David |last2= Kirby |url= http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa580.pdf |title= The Libertarian Vote |work= Policy Analysis |publisher= [[Cato Institute]] |date= October 18, 2006}}
* {{cite web |first1= David |last1= Kirby |first2= David |last2= Boaz |url= http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa658.pdf |title= The Libertarian Vote in the Age of Obama |series= Policy Analysis |work= Cato Institute |date= January 21, 2010}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Libertarian Party (United States)}}
* [http://www.lp.org/ LP.org] (Official Website)
* {{dmoz|Regional/North_America/United_States/Society_and_Culture/Politics/Parties/Libertarian|Libertarian (party)}}
* [http://www.lpedia.org/Libertarian_Party_platform Libertarian Party Platform Archive]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zr9Vr5p-8Fs April 1, 2016 Libertarian Party Presidential Debate]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oP_8dkZwcmE Ballot Access of Libertarian Party Presidential Candidates 1972 - present]

=== Previous presidential candidates campaign sites ===
* [http://www.garyjohnson2012.com/ Gary Johnson 2012 web site]
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041105030539/http://badnarik.org/ |date=November 5, 2004 |title=Archive of 2004 LP presidential candidate web site }}
* [http://www.harrybrowne.org/hb2000/ Archive of 2000 LP presidential candidate web site]
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961105182150/http://www.harrybrowne96.org/ |date=November 5, 1996 |title=Archive of 1996 LP presidential candidate web site }}
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961105183021/www.harrybrowne96.org/jo/ |date=November 5, 1996 |title=Archive of 1996 LP vice presidential candidate web site }}

{{Libertarian Party (United States)}}
{{United States political parties}}

{{Coord|38.8996|-77.0555|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Libertarian Party (United States)}}
[[Category:Libertarian parties in the United States]]
[[Category:Libertarian Party (United States)| ]]
[[Category:Non-interventionist parties]]
[[Category:Organizations that support same-sex marriage]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1971]]
[[Category:Political parties in the United States]]

Third party (U.S. politics)

2017-01-27T18:05:36Z

Luch4: /* Barriers to third party success */

{{Politics of the United States}}
'''Third party''' is a term used in the United States for American [[political parties]] other than the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] parties.

==Current U.S. third parties==
{{Main|List of political parties in the United States}}
''This list does not include political organizations that do not run candidates for office but otherwise function similarly to third parties. For non-electoral political "parties", [[List of political parties in the United States#Non-electoral organizations|see here]].''

===Largest (voter registration over 100,000)===
* [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]] – [[Libertarianism in the United States|libertarianism]], [[laissez-faire]], [[civil liberties|pro-civil liberties]], [[anti-war]]
* [[Green Party of the United States|Green Party]] – [[Green politics]], [[Progressivism in the United States|progressivism]], [[civil liberties|pro-civil liberties]], [[anti-war]]

===Smaller parties by ideology===
This section includes only parties that have actually run candidates under their name in recent years.

====Right-wing====
''This section includes any party that advocates positions associated with [[American conservatism]], including both [[Old Right (United States)|Old Right]] and [[New Right]] tendencies.''

*[[America's Party (political party)|America's Party]]
* [[Constitution Party (United States)|Constitution Party]]
*[[Independent American Party]]

'''State-only parties'''
*[[Alaskan Independence Party]]
*[[Conservative Party of New York State]]

====Centrist====
''This section includes any party that is independent, populist, or any other that either rejects right-left politics or doesn't have a party platform.''
*[[American Solidarity Party]]
*[[Citizens Party of the United States|Citizens Party]]
*[[Modern Whig Party]]
*[[Reform Party of the United States of America]]
*[[Unity Party of America]]
*[[Veterans Party of America]]
*[[United States Pirate Party]]

'''State-only parties'''
*[[California National Party]]
*[[Independence Party of Minnesota]]
*[[Independent Party of Oregon]]
*[[Moderate Party of Rhode Island]]

====Left-wing====
''This section includes any party that has a left-liberal, progressive, social democratic, or Marxist platform.''
*[[Communist Party USA]]
*[[Freedom Socialist Party]]
*[[Party for Socialism and Liberation]]
*[[Peace and Freedom Party]]
*[[Justice Party (United States)|Justice Party USA]]
*[[Socialist Action (United States)|Socialist Action]]
*[[Socialist Equality Party (United States)|Socialist Equality Party]]
*[[Socialist Alternative (United States)|Socialist Alternative]]
*[[Socialist Party USA]]
*[[Socialist Workers Party (United States)|Socialist Workers Party]]
*[[Workers World Party]]
*[[Working Families Party]]

'''State-only parties'''
*[[California National Party]] (California)
*[[Liberal Party of New York]] (New York)
*[[Liberty Union Party]] (Vermont)
*[[Oregon Progressive Party]]
*[[United Independent Party]] (Massachusetts)
*[[Vermont Progressive Party]]

====Ethnic nationalism====

''This section includes parties that primarily advocate for granting special privileges or consideration to members of a certain race, ethnic group, religion etc.''

*[[American Freedom Party]]
*[[Black Riders Liberation Party]]
*[[National Socialist Movement (United States)|National Socialist Movement]]
*[[New Afrikan Black Panther Party]]

Also included in this category are various parties found in and confined to [[Indian reservation]]s, almost all of which are solely devoted to the furthering of the tribes to which the reservations were assigned. An example of a particularly powerful tribal nationalist party is the Seneca Party that operates on the [[Seneca Nation of New York]]'s reservations.<ref name=bn111611>Herbeck, Dan (November 15, 2011). [http://www.buffalonews.com/incoming/article633468.ece Resentments abound in Seneca power struggle]. ''The Buffalo News''. Retrieved November 16, 2011.</ref>

====Single-issue/protest-oriented====
''This section includes parties that primarily advocate [[single-issue politics]] (though they may have a more detailed platform) or may seek to attract [[protest votes]] rather than to mount serious political campaigns or advocacy.''
*[[Humane Party]]
*[[Legal Marijuana Now Party]]
*[[Objectivist Party]]
*[[Prohibition Party]]
*[[United States Marijuana Party]]

'''State-only parties'''
*[[Hawaii Independence Party]]
*[[Natural Law Party (United States)|Natural Law Party]] (Michigan)
*[[New York State Right to Life Party]]
*[[Rent Is Too Damn High Party]] (New York)

==Notable elections==
{{Main|List of third party performances in United States elections}}
{{main|List of third party performances in United States presidential elections}}
A number of third party, independent, and write-in candidates have performed well in many U.S. elections.<ref>Arthur Meier Schlesinger, ed. ''History of US political parties'' (5 vol. Chelsea House Pub, 2002). </ref>

Greens, Libertarians and others have elected state Legislators and local officials. The Socialists had 600 mayors at one time before World War I, including [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin]]; [[New Haven, Connecticut]]; [[Reading, Pennsylvania]]; and [[Schenectady, New York]]. There have been 20th Century governors elected as independents, and from such parties as Progressive, Reform, Farmer-Labor, Populist, and Prohibition. There were others in the century before.
However, the United States has had a [[two-party system]] for over a century. The [[Plurality voting system|winner take all]] system for [[presidential elections]] and the single-seat [[plurality voting]] system for [[United States Congress|Congressional]] elections have over time created the two-party system (see [[Duverger's law]]).

Third party candidates [[List of third party performances in United States elections|sometimes win elections]]. For example, such a candidate only won a U.S. Senate election twice (0.6%) since 1990. Sometimes a national [[Third party officeholders in the United States|officeholder not affiliated with and endorsed by one of the two major parties]] is elected. Currently, there is only one U.S. Senator, [[Angus King]], who is neither Democratic nor Republican, while no U.S. Representative hails from outside the major parties.
Although third party candidates rarely actually win elections, they can have an effect on them. If they do well, they are often accused of having a [[spoiler effect]]. Sometimes they have won votes in the [[electoral college]], as in the [[United States presidential election, 1832#Results|1832 Presidential election]]. They can draw attention to issues that may be ignored by the majority parties. If such an issue finds acceptance with the voters, one or more of the major parties may adopt the issue into its own [[party platform]]. Also, a third party may be used by the voter to cast a [[protest vote]] as a form of [[referendum]] on an important issue. Third parties may also help [[voter turnout]] by bringing more people to the polls. Third party candidates at the top of the ticket can help to draw attention to other party candidates down the ballot, helping them to win local or state office. In 2004 the U.S. electorate consisted of an estimated 43% registered Democrats and 33% registered Republicans, with independents and those belonging to other parties constituting 25%.<ref name="Neuhart">{{cite news |last=Neuhart|first=P.|url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/columnist/neuharth/2004-01-22-neuharth_x.htm|title=Why politics is fun from catbirds' seats.|newspaper=USA Today|accessdate=2007-07-11 | date=2004-01-22}}</ref>

The only three U.S. Presidents without a major party affiliation were [[George Washington]], [[John Tyler]], and [[Andrew Johnson]], and only Washington served his entire tenure as an independent. Neither of the other two were ever elected president in their own right, both being vice presidents who ascended to office upon the death of a president, and both became independents because they were unpopular with their parties. John Tyler was elected on the [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] ticket in 1840 with [[William Henry Harrison]] but was expelled by his own party. Johnson was the running mate for Abraham Lincoln, who was reelected on the [[National Union Party (United States)|National Union]] ticket in 1864; it was a temporary name for the Republican Party.

Currently [[Bill Walker (American politician)|Bill Walker]] of [[Alaska]] is the only independent Governor in the United States, having defeated incumbent [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Sean Parnell]] in the [[Alaska gubernatorial election, 2014|2014 gubernatorial election]]. He is also the first independent Governor since Alaska became a state (although not the first third party governor).

==Barriers to third party success==
[[File:Libertarian party 1972 2016.png|400px|right]]

===Winner-take-all vs. proportional representation===
In winner-take-all (or plurality-take-all), the candidate with the largest number of votes wins, even if the margin of victory is extremely narrow or the proportion of votes received is not a majority. Unlike in [[proportional representation]], [[runners-up]] do not gain representation in a [[Plurality voting system|first-past-the-post system]]. In the United States, systems of proportional representation are uncommon, especially above the local level, and are entirely absent at the national level. In Presidential elections, the majority requirement of the [[Electoral College (United States)|Electoral College]], and the Constitutional provision for the House of Representatives to decide the election if no candidate receives a majority, serves as a further disincentive to third party candidacies.

In the United States, if an interest group is at odds with its traditional party, it has the option of running sympathetic candidates in [[primary election|primaries]]. If the candidate fails in the primary and believes he has a chance to win in the general election he may form or join a third party. Because of the difficulties third parties face in gaining any representation, third parties tend to exist to promote a specific issue or personality. Often, the intent is to force national public attention on such an issue. Then one or both of the major parties may rise to commit for or against the matter at hand, or at least weigh in. [[H. Ross Perot]] eventually founded a third party, the [[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform Party]], to support his [[United States presidential election, 1996|1996]] campaign. In [[United States presidential election, 1912|1912]], [[Theodore Roosevelt]] made a spirited run for the presidency on the Progressive Party ticket, but he never made any efforts to help Progressive congressional candidates in 1914, and in the [[U.S. presidential election, 1916|1916 election]], he supported the Republicans.

===Ballot access laws===
Nationally, [[ballot access]] laws are the major challenge to third party candidacies. While the Democratic and Republican parties usually easily obtain ballot access in all fifty states in every election, third parties often fail to meet criteria for ballot access, such as registration fees. Or, in many states, they do not meet petition requirements in which a certain number of voters must sign a petition for a third party or independent candidate to gain ballot access.<ref name="hlrecord_201204">{{cite web | url=http://hlrecord.org/?p=10575 | title=The two party ballot suppresses third party change | publisher=Harvard Law | work=The Record | date=December 4, 2009 | accessdate=April 16, 2012 | author=Amato, Theresa | quote=Today, as in 1958, ballot access for minor parties and Independents remains convoluted and discriminatory. Though certain state ballot access statutes are better, and a few Supreme Court decisions (''Williams v. Rhodes'', 393 U.S. 23 (1968), ''Anderson v. Celebrezze'', 460 U.S. 780 (1983)) have been generally favorable, on the whole, the process—and the cumulative burden it places on these federal candidates—may be best described as antagonistic. The jurisprudence of the Court remains hostile to minor party and Independent candidates, and this antipathy can be seen in at least a half dozen cases decided since Nader's article, including ''Jenness v. Fortson'', 403 U.S. 431 (1971), ''American Party of Tex. v. White'', 415 U.S. 767 (1974), ''Munro v. Socialist Workers Party'', 479 U.S. 189 (1986), ''Burdick v. Takushi'', 504 U.S. 428 (1992), and ''Arkansas Ed. Television Comm'n v. Forbes'', 523 U.S. 666 (1998). Justice Rehnquist, for example, writing for a 6–3 divided Court in ''Timmons v. Twin Cities Area New Party'', 520 U.S. 351 (1997), spells out the Court's bias for the "two-party system," even though the word "party" is nowhere to be found in the Constitution. He wrote that "The Constitution permits the Minnesota Legislature to decide that political stability is best served through a healthy two-party system. And while an interest in securing the perceived benefits of a stable two-party system will not justify unreasonably exclusionary restrictions, States need not remove all the many hurdles third parties face in the American political arena today." 520 U.S. 351, 366–67.}}</ref> In recent presidential elections, [[Ross Perot]] appeared on all 50 state ballots as an independent in [[United States presidential election, 1992|1992]] and the candidate of the Reform Party in 1996. (Perot, a multimillionaire, was able to provide significant funds for his campaigns.) [[Patrick Buchanan]] appeared on all 50 state ballots in the 2000 election,<ref name="fec_201204a">{{Citation | url=http://www.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2000/2000presge.htm | title=2000 Presidential General Election Results | publisher=Federal Election Commission | accessdate=2007-12-20}}</ref> largely on the basis of Perot's performance as the Reform Party's candidate four years prior. The [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]] has appeared on the ballot in at least 46 states in every election since [[United States presidential election, 1980|1980]], except for [[United States presidential election, 1984|1984]] when [[David Bergland]] gained access in only 36 states. In 1980, 1992, 1996, and 2016 the party made the ballot in all 50 states and D.C. The [[Green Party (United States)|Green Party]] gained access to 44 state ballots in 2000 but only 27 in 2004. The [[Constitution Party (United States)|Constitution Party]] appeared on 42 state ballots in 2004.<ref name="fec_201204">{{cite web | url=http://www.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2004/2004pres.pdf | title=Official General Election Results for United States President | publisher=United States Federal Election Commission | work=Public Records Office Election Results | date=November 2, 2004 | accessdate=April 16, 2012}}</ref> Ralph Nader, running as an independent in 2004, appeared on 34 state ballots. In [[United States presidential election, 2008|2008]], Nader appeared on 45 ballots and D.C. For more information see [[ballot access]] laws.

===Debate rules===
[[United States presidential election debates|Presidential debates]] between the nominees of the two major parties first occurred in [[United States presidential election, 1960|1960]], then after three cycles without debates, took place again in [[United States presidential election, 1976|1976]] and have happened in every election since. Third party or independent candidates have been included in these debates in only two cycles. Ronald Reagan and [[John B. Anderson|John Anderson]] debated in 1980, but incumbent President Carter refused to appear with Anderson, and Anderson was excluded from the subsequent debate between Reagan and Carter.

Debates in other state and federal elections often exclude Independent and third party candidates, and the Supreme Court has upheld such tactics in several cases. The [[Commission on Presidential Debates]] (CPD) is a private company.
<ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.debates.org/pages/his_1980.html
|title=1980 Debates
|publisher=Commission on Presidential Debates
|accessdate=2007-12-20
|date=September 1980
|author=Lister, J
|volume=303
|issue=13
|pages=741–44
|issn=0028-4793
|pmid=6157090
|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine
|doi=10.1056/NEJM198009253031307}}</ref> Independent Ross Perot was included in all three of the debates with Republican [[George H. W. Bush]] and Democrat [[Bill Clinton]] in 1992, largely at the behest of the Bush campaign.{{Citation needed|date=November 2009}} His participation helped Perot climb from 7% before the debates to 19% on Election Day.<ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.opendebates.org/theissue/1992.html
|title=What Happened in 1992?
|accessdate=2007-12-20
|publisher=opendebates.org}}</ref>

Perot was excluded from the 1996 debates despite his strong showing four years prior.<ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.opendebates.org/theissue/1996.html
|title=What Happened in 1996?
|accessdate=2007-12-20
|publisher=opendebates.org}}</ref> In [[United States presidential election, 2000|2000]] revised debate access rules made it even harder for third party candidates to gain access by stipulating that, besides being on enough state ballots to win an Electoral College majority, debate participants must clear 15% in pre-debate opinion polls. This rule remained in place for [[United States presidential election, 2004|2004]],<ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.opendebates.org/theissue/2004.html
|title=What Happened in 2004?
|publisher=opendebates.org
|accessdate=2007-12-20}}</ref><ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.debates.org/pages/news_030924.html
|title=2004 Candidate Selection Criteria
|publisher=Commission on Presidential Debates
|date=September 24, 2003
|accessdate=2007-12-20}}</ref> when as many as 62 million people watched the debates,<ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.debates.org/pages/his_2004.html
|title=2004 Debates
|publisher=Commession on Presidential Debates
|accessdate=2007-12-20}}</ref> and has continued being in effect as of 2008.<ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.opendebates.org/theissue/15percent.html
|title=The 15 Percent Barrier
|publisher=opendebates.org
|accessdate=2007-12-20}}</ref><ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.debates.org/pages/news_111907.html
|title=Commission on Presidential Debates Announces Sites, Dates, Formats and Candidate Selection Criteria for 2008 General Election
|date=November 19, 2007
|publisher=Commission on Presidential Debates
|accessdate=2007-12-20}}</ref> The 15% criterion, had it been in place, would have prevented Anderson and Perot from participating in the debates they appeared in.
Currently, former [[governor of New Mexico]] and [[United States presidential election, 2016|2016]] Libertarian Party [[Gary Johnson presidential campaign, 2016|nominee]] [[Gary Johnson]] has filed suit to remove the 15% poll requirement. [[Jill Stein]], [[United States presidential election, 2016|2016]] Green Party [[Jill Stein presidential campaign, 2016|nominee]], has also been incredibly vocal about the 15% poll requirement.

===Major party marginalization===
A third party candidate will sometimes strike a chord with a section of voters in a particular election, bringing an issue to national prominence and amount a significant proportion of the popular vote. Major parties often respond to this by adopting this issue in a subsequent election. After [[United States presidential election, 1968|1968]], under President Nixon the Republican Party adopted a "[[Southern Strategy]]" to win the support of conservative Democrats opposed to the Civil Rights Movement and resulting legislation and to combat third parties with southern agendas. This can be seen as a response to the popularity of segregationist candidate [[George Wallace]] who gained 13.5% of the popular vote in the 1968 election for the American Independent Party.

In [[United States presidential election, 1996|1996]], both the Democrats and the Republicans agreed to deficit reduction on the back of Ross Perot's popularity in the [[United States presidential election, 1992|1992 election]]. This severely undermined Perot's campaign in the 1996 election.

==See also==
*[[Electoral College (United States)]]
*[[Independent (politics)]]
*[[Political party]]
*[[Political parties in the United States]]
*[[Proportional representation]]
*[[Third party (Canada)]]
*[[Third party (politics)]]
*[[Voting rights]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
===Surveys ===
* Epstein, David A. (2012). ''Left, Right, Out: The History of Third Parties in America''. Arts and Letters Imperium Publications. ISBN 978-0-578-10654-0
* Gillespie, J. David. ''Challengers to Duopoly: Why Third Parties Matter in American Two-Party Politics'' (University of South Carolina Press, 2012)
* Green, Donald J. ''Third-Party Matters: Politics, Presidents, and Third Parties in American History'' (Praeger, 2010)
* Herrnson, Paul S. and John C. Green, eds. ''Multiparty Politics in America'' (Rowman & Littlefield, 1997)
* Hesseltine, William B. ''Third-Party Movements in the United States'' (1962), Brief survey
* Hicks, John D. "The Third Party Tradition in American Politics." ''Mississippi Valley Historical Review'' 20 (1933): 3–28. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1902325 in JSTOR]
* Kruschke, Earl R. ''Encyclopedia of Third Parties in the United States'' (ABC-CLIO, 1991)
* Ness, Immanuel and James Ciment, eds. ''Encyclopedia of Third Parties in America'' (4 vol. 2006)
* Richardson, Darcy G. ''Others: Third Party Politics from the Nation's Founding to the Rise and Fall of the Greenback-Labor Party''. Vol. 1. iUniverse, 2004.
* Rosenstone, Steven J., Roy L. Behr, and Edward H. Lazarus. ''Third Parties in America: Citizen Response to Major Party Failure'' (2nd ed. Princeton University Press, 1996)
* Schlesinger, Arthur Meier, Jr. ed. ''History of U.S. Political Parties'' (1973) multivolume compilation compilation includes essays by experts on the more important third parties, plus some primary sources
* Sifry, Micah L. ''Spoiling for a Fight: Third Party Politics in America'' (Routledge, 2002)

===Scholarly studies===
* Abramson Paul R., John H. Aldrich, Phil Paolino, and David W. Rohde. "Third-Party and Independent Candidates in American Politics: Wallace, Anderson, and Perot." ''Political Science Quarterly'' 110 (1995): 349–67
* Argersinger, Peter H. ''The Limits of Agrarian Radicalism: Western Populism and American Politics'' (University Press of Kansas, 1995)
* Berg, John C. "Beyond a Third Party: The Other Minor Parties in the 1996 Elections," in ''The State of the Parties: The Changing Role of Contemporary American Parties'' ed by Daniel M. Shea and John C. Green (3rd ed. Rowman & Littlefield, 1998), pp. 212–28
* Berg, John C. "Spoiler or Builder? The Effect of Ralph Nader's 2000 Campaign on the U.S. Greens." in ''The State of the Parties: The Changing Role of Contemporary American Parties'', (4th ed. 2003) edited by John C. Green and Rick Farmer, pp. 323–36.
* Brooks, Corey M. ''Liberty Power: Antislavery Third Parties and the Transformation of American Politics'' (University of Chicago Press, 2016). 302 pp.
* Burden, Barry C. "Ralph Nader's Campaign Strategy in the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election." ''American Politics Research'' 33 (2005): 672–99.
* Carlin, Diana B., and Mitchell S. McKinney, eds. ''The 1992 Presidential Debates in Focus'' (1994), includes Ross Parot
* Chace, James. ''1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft and Debs – The Election that Changed the Country'' (2009)
* Darsey, James. "The Legend of Eugene Debs: Prophetic Ethos as Radical Argument." ''Quarterly Journal of Speech'' 74 (1988): 434–52.
* Gould, Lewis L. ''Four Hats in the Ring: The 1912 Election and the Birth of Modern American Politics'' (2008)
* Hazlett, Joseph. ''The Libertarian Party and Other Minor Political Parties in the United States'' (McFarland & Company, 1992)
* Hogan, J. Michael. "Wallace and the Wallacites: A Reexamination." ''Southern Speech Communication Journal'' 50 (1984): 24–48. On George Wallace in 1968
* Jelen, Ted G. ed. '' Ross for Boss: The Perot Phenomenon and Beyond'' (State University of New York Press, 2001)
* Koch, Jeffrey. "The Perot Candidacy and Attitudes Toward Government and Politics." ''Political Research Quarterly'' 51 (1998): 141–53.
* Koch, Jeffrey. "Political Cynicism and Third Party Support in American Presidential Elections," ''American Politics Research'' 31 (2003): 48–65.
* Lee, Michael J. "The Populist Chameleon: The People's Party, Huey Long, George Wallace, and the Populist Argumentative Frame." ''Quarterly Journal of Speech'' (2006): 355–78.
* Mowry, George E. ''Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement'' (1946), on 1912
* Rapoport, Ronald B., and Walter J. Stone. ''Three's a Crowd: The Dynamic of Third Parties, Ross Perot, and Republican Resurgence'' (University of Michigan Press, 2005)
* Richardson, Darcy G. ''Others: Third Parties During the Populist Period'' (2007) 506 pp
* Richardson, Darcy G. ''A Toast to Glory: The Prohibition Party Flirts With Greatness '' 59 pp
* Rohler, Lloyd. "Conservative Appeals to the People: George Wallace's Populist Rhetoric." ''Southern Communication Journal'' 64 (1999): 316–22.
* Rohler, Lloyd. ''George Wallace: Conservative Populist'' (Praeger, 2004)
* Rosenfeld, Lawrence W. "George Wallace Plays Rosemary's Baby." ''Quarterly Journal of Speech'' 55 (1969): 36–44.
* Ross, Jack. ''The Socialist Party of America: A Complete History'' (2015) 824 pp
* Shepard, Ryan Michael. "Deeds done in different words: a genre-based approach to third party presidential campaign discourse." (PhD Dissertation, University of Kansas 2011) [https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/8202/Shepard_ku_0099D_11445_DATA_1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y online]

==External links==
*[http://www.ballot-access.org/winger/iba.html The Importance of Ballot Access], essay by [[Richard Winger]]
*[http://www.ballot-access.org Ballot Access News] – Ballot Access news on all parties
*[http://www.freeandequal.org/ Free and Equal] – Election Reform to end partisan duopoly
*[http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com Independent Political Report] – Frequently updated source for third party news
{{United States political parties}}
{{US Third Party Election}}
{{United States topics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Third Party (United States)}}
[[Category:Political opposition]]
[[Category:Political parties in the United States]]

Zootopia

2016-03-15T09:10:13Z

Luch4: /* Cast */ 24 y.o. rabbit... They bo not live so long.

{{for|the zoo and safari park in Denmark|Givskud Zoo}}
{{Pp-semi|small=yes}}{{pp-move-indef}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Zootopia
| image = Zootopia.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = {{plainlist|
* [[Byron Howard]]
* [[Rich Moore]]

}}
| producer = [[Clark Spencer]]
| screenplay = {{plainlist|
* [[Jared Bush]]
* Phil Johnston<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome to Zootopia at D23 EXPO!|url=https://d23.com/welcome-to-zootopia-at-d23-expo/|publisher=D23|accessdate=August 30, 2015|date=August 15, 2015|registration=yes}}</ref>
}}
| story = {{plainlist|
* Byron Howard
* Rich Moore
* Jared Bush
* Joshie Trinidad
* [[Jim Reardon]]
* Phil Johnston
* [[Jennifer Lee (filmmaker)|Jennifer Lee]]
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Ginnifer Goodwin]]
* [[Jason Bateman]]
* [[Idris Elba]]
* [[J. K. Simmons|J.K. Simmons]]
* [[Tommy Chong]]
* [[Octavia Spencer]]
* [[Jenny Slate]]
* [[Shakira]]
}}
| music = [[Michael Giacchino]]<ref name=USATGiacchinoScore />
| cinematography = Thomas Baker<ref>{{cite web|title=Zootopia 2016!|url=http://salamdl.com/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86-zootopia-2016/}}</ref>
| editing = {{plainlist|
* Fabienne Rawley
* Jeremy Milton
}}
| studio = {{plainlist|
* [[Walt Disney Pictures]]
* [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]]
}}
| distributor = [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|2016|02|10|Belgium|2016|03|04|United States}}
| runtime = 108 minutes<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/zootropolis-film | title=''ZOOTROPOLIS'' (PG) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=February 17, 2016 | accessdate=February 17, 2016}}</ref>
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = $150 million<ref name="budget">{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/07/arts/zootopia-tops-the-box-office.html |title=‘Zootopia’ Tops the Box Office | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | accessdate=March 13, 2016}}</ref>
| gross = $438.9 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=disney2016.htm |title=Zootopia (2016) |website=''[[Box Office Mojo]]'' |accessdate=March 14, 2016}}</ref>
}}
'''''Zootopia''''' (known as '''''Zootropolis''''' in some territories)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.screendaily.com/news/disneys-zootopia-renamed-zootropolis-for-uk/5084129.article|title=Disney's 'Zootopia' renamed 'Zootropolis' for UK|last=Rosser|first=Stephen|work=ScreenDaily|publisher=[[Screen International]]|date=March 11, 2015|accessdate=March 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=43677|title=Disney's Zootopia Is Now Zootropolis|last=White|first=James|work=[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]|date=March 11, 2015|accessdate=March 11, 2015}}</ref> is a 2016 American [[3-D film|3D]] [[Computer-animated film|computer-animated]] [[comedy film|comedy]] [[adventure film]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=McNary|first1=Dave|title=Watch: Disney's ‘Zootopia’ Trailer Introduces Animal-Run World|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/disneys-zootopia-teaser-trailer-1201517794/|accessdate=July 25, 2015|work=Zootopia|date=June 11, 2015}}</ref> produced by [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] and released by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. It is the 55th animated feature in the [[List of Walt Disney Animation Studios films|Walt Disney Animated Classics]] series.

''Zootopia'' was directed by [[Byron Howard]] and [[Rich Moore]], co-directed by [[Jared Bush]], and features the voices of [[Ginnifer Goodwin]], [[Jason Bateman]], [[Idris Elba]], [[J. K. Simmons|J.K. Simmons]], [[Tommy Chong]], [[Octavia Spencer]], [[Jenny Slate]], and [[Shakira]]. The film details the unlikely partnership between a rabbit police officer and a red fox con artist as they uncover a conspiracy that involves the disappearance of civilians within a [[Mammal|mammalian]] [[utopia]].

''Zootopia'' was released in conventional 2D, [[Disney Digital 3D]], [[RealD 3D]], and [[IMAX 3D]] formats on March 4, 2016.<ref name="zoo"/><ref name="nasdaq1">{{cite news|last1=Newswire|first1=PR|title=Disney's Zootopia To Be Released In IMAX® 3D Theatres Domestically And In Select International Markets Including China|url=http://www.nasdaq.com/press-release/disneys-zootopia-to-be-released-in-imax-3d-theatres-domestically-and-in-select-international-20160203-00975|accessdate=February 3, 2016|publisher=deadline.com|date=February 3, 2016}}</ref> The film received critical acclaim, with praise directed towards the animation, voice acting, and screenplay; critics highlighted the film's topical themes of [[prejudice]] and [[stereotype]]s as timely.<ref>{{cite web|title=Zootopia|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/zootopia/|website=Rotten Tomatoes|accessdate=March 6, 2016}}</ref><ref name="rollingstone1">{{cite news|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/zootopia-20160303|title=''Zootopia''|date=March 3, 2016|last=Travers|first=Peter|authorlink=Peter Travers|work=[[Rolling Stone]]|accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> The film opened to record-breaking box office success in several countries.<ref>{{cite web|title='Zootopia' Scores Disney Animation's Largest Opening Ever|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=4164&p=.htm|website=Box Office Mojo|accessdate=March 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Busch|first1=Anita|title=‘Zootopia’ Is Disney Animation’s Biggest Debut Ever In China, Russia, ‘Mermaid’ Makes History With $503M In China — Int’l Box Office Sunday|url=http://deadline.com/2016/03/zootopia-biggest-debut-ever-china-russia-disney-animation-llondon-has-fallen-international-box-office-1201715311/|accessdate=March 6, 2016|publisher=Deadline|date=March 6, 2016}}</ref>

==Plot==

In a world populated by [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] mammals, Judy Hopps, a [[rabbit]] from rural Bunnyburrow, fulfills her dream of becoming the first rabbit officer in the police department of nearby city Zootopia. However, upon arrival, she is assigned parking duty by Chief Bogo, an [[African buffalo]], who doubts her potential due to her diminutive size. During one of her shifts, she meets Nick Wilde, a con artist [[Red fox|fox]].

Hopps abandons her shift to arrest a thief, Duke Weaselton. She is reprimanded by Bogo and nearly fired until Mrs. Otterton, an [[otter]], arrives pleading for help to locate her missing husband – one of many animals recently missing in Zootopia. To Bogo’s dismay, Hopps volunteers and agrees to resign if she cannot solve the case within 48 hours. She sees Wilde in the last known photo of Otterton and tracks him down, coercing him into to assisting her with the investigation.

After acquiring Mr. Otterton’s license plate number, Hopps and Wilde track the vehicle to Mr. Big, an [[Arctic shrew]] crime boss. Mr. Big informs the pair that Otterton, his florist, had gone savage and attacked his chauffeur Manchas, a black [[jaguar]]. Hopps and Wilde locate Manchas, who mentions “night howlers” were responsible for attacking him before he goes savage and chases the pair out of his home. When Bogo and his reinforcements arrive, Manchas disappears. Bogo demands Hopps resign, but Wilde takes a stand, insisting they have 10 more hours to solve the case. As the pair leaves, Hopps learns from Wilde that he was bullied by prey animals as a pup and became a criminal, believing he would be stereotyped as one no matter what due to being a fox.

Wilde realizes that the city’s traffic camera system may have captured Manchas’s disappearance, and the pair consults Assistant Mayor Bellwether, a sheep. They identify the captors as wolves, hence “night howlers”. Hopps and Wilde locate Mr. Otterton and the missing mammals at Cliffside Asylum. All are predators and have gone savage like Manchas. The two discover Mayor Lionheart consulting with a doctor about the predators' condition. The pair escape with the evidence and the police swarm the area, arresting Lionheart.

Having developed a friendship with Wilde throughout the case, Hopps requests that he joins the Zootopia Police Department and become her partner, which Wilde happily considers. However, during a press conference, Hopps mentions that the savage animals are predators and argues they have gone back to their “natural state.” Wilde is hurt and angrily walks out on her offer. Fear and discrimination against predators spread across Zootopia, and a guilt-ridden Hopps resigns. During this time, pop singer Gazelle holds a peaceful protest and publicly asks for the harmonious Zootopia she loves to be restored.

Back in Bunnyburrow, Hopps learns that “night howlers” are flowers that have severe psychotropic effects on mammals. Hopps returns to Zootopia and reconciles with Wilde. They locate Weaselton and learn that he has been collecting night howlers for a secret laboratory. The pair discovers the lab and find ram scientists creating a night howler serum, which has been injected into predators via dart guns. Hopps and Wilde race to the ZPD with the evidence, but the rams pursue them.

Just short of the ZPD, the pair encounters Bellwether, who tries to take the evidence. Realizing Bellwether is the mastermind of a species-supremacist conspiracy, Hopps and Wilde try to flee, but Bellwether shoots a dart at Wilde and calls the ZPD for help. Wilde becomes savage and corners Hopps, but it turns out the pair were acting and had swapped out Bellwether’s darts for blueberries. With Bellwether’s confession recorded on Hopps’s carrot pen, the two have enough evidence to unravel the conspiracy.

Some months later, Hopps is reinstated into the ZPD. The savaged mammals are cured. Lionheart is cleared of all charges and is reinstated as mayor. Wilde joins the ZPD as the first fox officer and Judy’s new partner. In the final scene, all of Zootopia enjoy a performance by Gazelle.

==Cast==
{{div col|2}}
* [[Ginnifer Goodwin]] as Officer Judy Hopps, a [[rabbit]] from Bunnyburrow who is a newly appointed member of the Zootopia Police Department.<ref name=THRGoodwinJoins>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/ginnifer-goodwin-joins-jason-bateman-793927|title=Ginnifer Goodwin Joins Jason Bateman in Disney Animation's 'Zootopia' (Exclusive)|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=May 6, 2015|accessdate=May 6, 2015}}</ref>
** Della Saba voices a younger Judy.
* [[Jason Bateman]] as Nicholas P. "Nick" Wilde, a [[red fox]] who is a small-time [[Confidence trick|con artist]].<ref name=THRGoodwinJoins /><ref name=THRBateman />
** [[Kath Soucie]] voices a younger Nick Wilde.
* [[Idris Elba]] as Chief Bogo, a [[African buffalo|cape buffalo]] who is the [[Chief of police|chief]] of the Zootopia Police Department's 1st Precinct.<ref name=DeadlineCast>{{cite web|last1=Pedersen|first1=Erik|title=Disney’s ‘Zootopia’ Cages Idris Elba, J.K. Simmons, Octavia Spencer & Others|url=http://deadline.com/2015/10/zootopia-cast-idris-elba-j-k-simmons-octavia-spencer-bonnie-hunt-tommy-chong-1201594498/|publisher=Deadline|accessdate=October 27, 2015|date=October 26, 2015}}</ref>
* [[J. K. Simmons]] as Leodore Lionheart, a noble [[lion]] who is the [[Mayor]] of Zootopia.<ref name="DeadlineCast" />
* [[Tommy Chong]] as Yax, an enlightened laid-back [[Yak]] who is the owner of the [[Nudist community|naturist club]] Mystic Springs Oasis.<ref name="DeadlineCast" />
* [[Octavia Spencer]] as Mrs. Otterton, a slender [[North American river otter]].<ref name="DeadlineCast" />
* [[Jenny Slate]] as Dawn Bellwether, a sweet [[sheep]] who is the [[deputy mayor|assistant mayor]] of Zootopia.<ref name="DeadlineCast" />
* [[Shakira]] as Gazelle, a [[Thomson's gazelle]] from Sahara Square who is a famous pop star and has a lot of fans.<ref name=THRShakira>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=Shakira Joins Voice Cast of Disney Animation's 'Zootopia'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/shakira-joins-voice-cast-disney-815586|accessdate=August 14, 2015|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=August 14, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Nate Torrence]] as Officer Benjamin Clawhauser, an obese [[cheetah]] who works as a [[dispatcher]] for the Zootopia Police Department.<ref name=DeadlineCast />
* [[Bonnie Hunt]] as Bonnie Hopps, a rabbit from Bunnyburrow who is the mother of Judy Hopps.<ref name="DeadlineCast" />
* [[Don Lake]] as Stu Hopps, a rabbit from Bunnyburrow who is the father of Judy Hopps and a known carrot farmer.<ref name="DeadlineCast" />
* [[Alan Tudyk]] as Duke Weaselton, a small-time [[weasel]] crook.<ref name="DeadlineCast" /> The name is a reference to the Duke of Weselton from ''[[Frozen (2013 film)|Frozen]]'', whom Tudyk also voices.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinemablend.com/new/Walt-Disney-Animation-Has-Found-Its-Own-John-Ratzenberger-Style-Good-Luck-Charm-97347.html |title=Walt Disney Animation Has Found Its Own John Ratzenberger-Style Good Luck Charm |publisher=Cinemablend |accessdate=March 13, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Raymond S. Persi]] as Flash, the "fastest" [[three-toed sloth]] in the [[Department of Motor Vehicles|DMV]] (short for Department of Mammal Vehicles).<ref name=DeadlineCast />
* [[Maurice LaMarche]] as Mr. Big, an [[arctic shrew]] who is the most fearsome crime boss in Tundratown.<ref>{{cite news|title=Four New Photos And Trailer Are Here For Disney’s ZOOTOPIA|url=http://www.wearemoviegeeks.com/2015/12/four-new-photos-and-trailer-are-here-for-disneys-zootopia/|date=December 31, 2015|accessdate=January 22, 2016}}</ref>
* Phil Johnston as Gideon Grey, a red fox from Bunnyburrow who used to bully the young rabbits and sheep when he was young. As an adult, he has made amends with those he picked on and became a much-respected baker.<ref name=PressKit/>
* Fuschia! as Drill Instructor, a [[polar bear]] who works at the Zootopia Police Academy.<ref name=PressKit/>
* [[John DiMaggio]] as Jerry Jumbeaux Jr., an [[African elephant]] who owns an elephant ice cream parlor called Jumbeaux's Café.<ref name=DeadlineCast />
* [[Katie Lowes]] as Dr. Madge Honey Badger, a [[honey badger]] who handles the most pressing medical cases.<ref name=DeadlineCast />
* Gita Reddy as Nangi, an [[Indian elephant]] that works as a yoga instructor at Mystic Springs Oasis.<ref name=PressKit/>
* [[Jesse Corti]] as Manchas, a black jaguar who is a chauffeur for Zootopia's biggest limo company.<ref name=DeadlineCast />
* [[Tom Lister, Jr.]] as Finnick, a [[fennec fox]] who is Nick's partner in crime.<ref name=DeadlineCast />
* [[Josh Dallas]] as Frantic Pig, a pig who is the owner of a flower shop called Floura and Fauna that is robbed by Duke Weaselton and frantically asks Judy for help, Dallas is also [[Ginnifer Goodwin]]'s husband<ref name="Kristen Bell in Zootopia"/>
* Leah Latham as Fru Fru, the daughter of Mr. Big who disapproves of her father doing his crime family business during her activities.<ref name="Kristen Bell in Zootopia"/>
* [[Rich Moore]] as Doug, a sheep [[chemist]] with puffy wool that works for Deputy Mayor Bellwether.<ref name="Kristen Bell in Zootopia"/>
* [[Peter Mansbridge]] as Peter Moosebridge, a [[moose]] co-anchor of the ZTV News.<ref>{{cite news|title=Peter Mansbridge voices moose in Disney film 'Zootopia'|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2015/11/13/peter-mansbridge-voices-moose-in-disney-film-zootopia|accessdate=November 14, 2015|work=Toronto Sun|agency=The Canadian Press|date=November 13, 2015}}</ref> - The moose is used in the standard version of the film, released in the United States, France, Canada, Russia, and Mexico.<ref name=Loughrey>Loughrey, Clarisse. "[http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/zootropolis-new-anchors-change-animal-depending-on-what-country-youre-in-a6916651.html Zootropolis' new anchors change animal depending on what country you're in]." ''[[The Independent]]''. March 7, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2016.</ref> In other countries the anchor is a different animal voiced by a different person.<ref name=Loughrey/> [[David Campbell (Australian musician)|David Campbell]] voices a [[koala]] newscaster in the Australian version<ref>Moran, Jonathon. "[http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/sydney-confidential/singer-david-campbell-adds-voice-to-new-aussie-disney-movie-zootopia/news-story/d30a4d3cf35701b7a49cb4eb4ba17e07 Singer David Campbell adds voice to new Aussie Disney movie Zootopia]." ''[[Daily Telegraph (Australia)|Daily Telegraph]]''. January 20, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2016.</ref> which was also distributed in New Zealand. The Brazilian version uses a [[jaguar]] that is voiced by [[Ricardo Boechat]]. The Japanese version uses a [[Japanese raccoon dog|tanuki]]. The Chinese version uses a [[giant panda]].<ref name=Loughrey/> The British version uses a [[Welsh Corgi|corgi]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Libbey |first=Dirk |url=http://www.cinemablend.com/new/One-Character-Zootopia-Changed-International-Audiences-116847.html |title=The One Character Zootopia Changed For International Audiences |publisher=Cinemablend |date=March 7, 2016 |accessdate=March 7, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Byron Howard]] as Bucky Oryx-Antlerson, a [[lesser kudu]] who is the neighbor of Judy Hopps.<ref name="Kristen Bell in Zootopia"/>
* [[Jared Bush]] as Pronk Oryx-Antlerson, a [[gemsbok]] who is the neighbor of Judy Hopps.<ref name="Kristen Bell in Zootopia"/>
* [[Mark Smith (actor)|Mark "Rhino" Smith]] as Officer McHorn, a [[black rhinoceros]] police officer who is part of the Zootopia Police Department.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}
* Josie Trinidad as Landlady, an unnamed [[nine-banded armadillo]] who is the landlady of the apartment that Judy Hopps moves into.
* [[John Lavelle (actor)|John Lavelle]] as Mouse Foreman<ref name=PressKit>{{cite web|url=http://www.wdsmediafile.com/media/Zootopia/writen-material/Zootopia56b018088218a.pdf|title=Zootopia Press Kit|website=wdsmediafile.com|publisher=Walt Disney Studios|format=PDF|accessdate=March 13, 2016|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}</ref>
* [[Kristen Bell]] as Priscilla, a three-toed sloth who is Flash's co-worker at the DMV.<ref name="Kristen Bell in Zootopia">{{cite web|url=http://www.stitchkingdom.com/disney-kristen-bell-sloth-zootopia-83823/ |title=Kristen Bell Voices a Sloth in Disney's 'Zootopia' |publisher=Stitchkingdom.com |date=February 1, 2016 |accessdate=March 13, 2016}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==Production==
{{multiple image
|direction = horizontal
|image1 = Byron Howard.jpg
|width1 = 135
|alt1 = Byron Howard
|image2 = Rich Moore Annecy2015.jpg
|width2 = 150
|alt2 = Rich Moore
|footer = Directors [[Byron Howard]] and [[Rich Moore]] presented footage from the film at the 2015 [[Annecy International Animated Film Festival]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=King|first1=Darryn|title=Annecy Will Host Genndy Tartakovsky, Masaaki Yuasa, ‘Zootopia’ Directors, Richard Williams|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/events/annecy-will-host-genndy-tartakovsky-masaaki-yuasa-zootopia-directors-richard-williams-112497.html|publisher=Cartoon Brew|accessdate=June 19, 2015|date=April 30, 2015}}</ref>
}}
The project was first announced in August 2013 at that year's [[D23 (Disney)|D23 Expo]].<ref name=CSD23Press>{{cite news|last=Graser|first=Marc|title=D23 Expo: Disney Reveals Animated ‘Zootopia’ for 2016|url=http://variety.com/2013/film/news/d23-expo-disney-reveals-animated-zootopia-for-2016-1200576434/|accessdate=March 1, 2014|newspaper=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=August 9, 2013}}</ref> The film, scripted by [[Jared Bush]], was scheduled for a March 2016 release.<ref name=CSD23Press /><ref>{{cite news|last=Kilday|first=Gregg|title=Pixar vs. Disney Animation: John Lasseter's Tricky Tug-of-War|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pixar-disney-animation-john-lasseters-661752|accessdate=December 4, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=December 4, 2013}}</ref> Prior to the official announcement, in May 2013, information about [[Jason Bateman]]'s casting was leaked to the press although little else about the film was known at the time.<ref name=THRBateman>{{cite news|last=Kit|first=Borys|title=Disney, 'Tangled' Director Plot New Animated Feature With Jason Bateman (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/disney-tangled-director-plot-new-451665|accessdate=June 1, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=May 3, 2013}}</ref> The idea originated with Howard wanting to do a film similar to Disney's [[Robin Hood (1973 film)|1970s adaptation]] of [[Robin Hood]] which also featured animals in anthropomorphic roles.<ref name=CSD23Press/> With this in mind, the city was envisioned as if animals designed it rather than humans.<ref name=CSD23Press/> According to Howard, ''Zootopia'' would be different from other animal anthropomorphic films, where animals either live in the natural world or in the human world. The concept, where animals live in a modern world designed by animals, was well received by chief creative officer [[John Lasseter]], who lifted Howard "in the air like a baby [[Simba]]" when he proposed the idea for the film.<ref name="EWD232013" /> Research for the film took place in [[Disney's Animal Kingdom]], as well as in [[Kenya]], where animators studied various animals walk cycles as well as fur color.<ref name=Insidemagic>{{cite web|last1=Celestino|first1=Mike|title=With next year’s "Zootopia", Walt Disney Animation Studios promises a different kind of talking animal movie|url=http://www.insidethemagic.net/2015/12/with-next-years-zootopia-walt-disney-animation-studios-promises-a-different-kind-of-talking-animal-movie/|website=Inside the Magic|date=December 1, 2015|accessdate=December 12, 2015}}</ref>

In March 2015, it was revealed that [[Rich Moore]] (''[[Wreck-It Ralph]]'') had been added as a director of the film, in addition to Jared Bush (''[[Penn Zero: Part-Time Hero]]'') as co-director,<ref name="Synopsis">{{cite news|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/415933-walt-disney-animation-studios-reveals-new-zootopia-concept-art|title=Walt Disney Animation Studios Reveals New Zootopia Concept Art|publisher=ComingSoon.net|date=March 3, 2015|accessdate=March 11, 2015}}</ref> and that the film's plot had been revised. As announced in 2013, the original plot would have featured a fast-talking fox named Nick Wilde, who goes on the run after being framed for a crime he did not commit. Zootopia's top cop, Lieutenant Judy Hopps, is hot on his tail, but when both become targets of a conspiracy, they are forced to team up and discover even natural enemies can become best friends.<ref name=CSD23Press /><ref name="EWD232013">{{cite news|last=Bahr|first=Lindsey|title=Disney Animation preview: 'Frozen,' 'Big Hero 6,' at Disney's D23, Plus 'Zootopia' announced|url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2013/08/09/disney-animation-d23/|accessdate=August 9, 2013|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=August 9, 2013}}</ref>

On May 6, 2015, Bateman and Ginnifer Goodwin had been respectively cast as Nick Wilde and Lieutenant Judy Hopps in the film.<ref name=THRGoodwinJoins /> The filmmakers chose Bateman because they wanted an actor who could bring "a funny yet heartfelt side" with "a wily, dry-witted sort of voice". Bateman described his character as "a crafty, sarcastic schemer", remarking similarity to many of his roles he was doing since he was 12.<ref name=USATPairsPals /> "I foolishly said, 'What kind of voice do you guys want me to do?' And they just looked at me like I was an idiot and said, 'Just do what you do. Just talk'".<ref name=USATPairsPals />

Eventually, the producers realized that the film's plot would be better served by focusing on Judy Hopps as a naive but heroic newcomer to the city and how her egalitarian ideals are challenged by Zootopia's prejudices as opposed to Nick Wilde cynically enduring them as an embittered native, and the screenplay was changed to make her the lead character.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lussier|first1=Germain|title=How Disney Fixed a Huge Mistake With Zootopia, Just One Year Before Release|url=http://io9.gizmodo.com/how-disney-fixed-a-huge-mistake-with-zootopia-just-one-1753845684|website=io9|publisher=Gizmodo|accessdate=January 20, 2016}}</ref> Commenting on the casting of Goodwin, Moore said that she brought "very centered sweetness, tremendous heart and a great sense of humor", describing Judy as "a little [[Pollyanna]] mixed with [[Furiosa (Mad Max)|Furiosa]]". On her character, Goodwin stated "People mistake kindness for naivete or stupidity, and she is a good girl through and through. But she's not a dumb bunny".<ref name=USATPairsPals>{{cite news|last1=Truitt|first1=Brian|title=Sneak peek: 'Zootopia' pairs unlikely pals|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2015/06/09/zootopia-exclusive-sneak-peek/28709913/|accessdate=July 25, 2015|work=USA Today|date=June 9, 2015}}</ref> In July 2015, Alan Tudyk has announced that he would join the cast;<ref>{{cite news|url=http://collider.com/alan-tudyk-voicing-roles-in-zootopia-and-moana/|title=Alan Tudyk Confirms Voice Roles in ZOOTOPIA and MOANA|last=Goldberg|first=Matt|date=July 9, 2015|accessdate=July 9, 2015|publisher=[[Collider.com]]}}</ref> his character's name was revealed to be Duke Weaselton.<ref name=DeadlineCast />

===Music===
The film's score is composed by [[Michael Giacchino]].<ref name=USATGiacchinoScore>{{cite news|last1=Truitt|first1=Brian|title=Michael Giacchino to score Disney's 'Zootopia'|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2015/11/16/michael-giacchino-disney-zootopia-animated-movie/75873332/|accessdate=November 16, 2015|work=USA Today|date=November 16, 2015}}</ref> It marks his first feature-length project for Walt Disney Animation Studios,<ref name=USATGiacchinoScore/> as he previously scored the [[Goofy]] short ''[[How to Hook Up Your Home Theater]]'', the two ''[[Prep & Landing]]'' specials and short film, and the short film ''[[The Ballad of Nessie]]''. In addition to her voice role of Gazelle, pop star [[Shakira]] also contributed an original song to the film titled "Try Everything", which was written by [[Sia Furler|Sia]] and [[Stargate (production team)|Stargate]].<ref name=THRShakira /><ref>{{cite web|title=This News Don't Lie: Shakira is Coming to a Disney Movie Near You|url=http://blogs.disney.com/disney-playlist/2015/08/14/this-news-dont-lie-shakira-is-coming-to-a-disney-movie-near-you/|publisher=Disney Playlist|accessdate=August 15, 2015|date=August 14, 2015}}</ref> The film's score was recorded with an 80-piece orchestra in November 2015, with Tim Simonec conducting.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/633307-disneys-zootopia-lands-composer-michael-giacchino#/slide/1|last=Evry|first=Max|title=Disney’s Zootopia Lands Composer Michael Giacchino|publisher=ComingSoon.net|date=November 16, 2015}}</ref>
;Soundtrack
{{Infobox album
| Name = Zootopia (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
| Type = [[Soundtrack album]]
| Artist = [[Michael Giacchino]]
| Cover = File:Zootopia_Soundtrack.jpg
| Released = {{Start date|2016|03|04}}
| Recorded = November 16, 2015 – November 20, 2015
| Studio = Eastwood Scoring Stage, [[Warner Bros.]], Los Angeles
| Genre = [[Film score]]
| Length = 62:34
| Label = [[Walt Disney Records|Walt Disney]]
}}
{{Track listing
| total_length = 62:34
| all_music = [[Michael Giacchino]] (except "Try Everything")
| music_credits = no
| writing_credits = yes
| headline =
| extra_column = Artist
| title1 = [[Try Everything]]
| extra1 = [[Shakira]]
| writer1 = [[Sia Furler]], [[Tor Erik Hermansen]], [[Mikkel S. Eriksen]]
| length1 = 3:16
| title2 = Stage Fright
| length2 = 0:39
| title3 = Grey's Uh-Mad At Me
| length3 = 1:44
| title4 = Ticket to Write
| length4 = 1:07
| title5 = Foxy Fakeout
| length5 = 2:08
| title6 = Jumbo Pop Hustle
| length6 = 1:50
| title7 = Walk and Stalk
| length7 = 1:29
| title8 = Not a Real Cop
| length8 = 1:34
| title9 = Hopps Goes (After) The Weasel
| length9 = 2:19
| title10 = The Naturalist
| length10 = 3:09
| title11 = Work Slowly And Carry a Big Shtick
| length11 = 0:44
| title12 = Mr. Big
| length12 = 2:47
| title13 = Case of the Manchas
| length13 = 4:00
| title14 = The Nick of Time
| length14 = 5:02
| title15 = World's Worst Animal Shelter
| length15 = 4:24
| title16 = Some of My Best Friends Are Predators
| length16 = 3:47
| title17 = A Bunny Can Go Savage
| length17 = 1:45
| title18 = Weasel Shakedown
| length18 = 2:04
| title19 = Ramifications
| length19 = 3:58
| title20 = Ewe Fell For It
| length20 = 6:37
| title21 = Three-Toe Bandito
| length21 = 0:43
| title22 = Suite from ''Zootopia''
| length22 = 7:28
}}

==Release==
''Zootopia'' was released on February 10, 2016 in Belgium,<ref name="De Redactie">{{cite news|url=http://deredactie.be/cm/vrtnieuws.english/videozone_ENG/1.2569320|title=Belgium first to see Disney’s Zootropolis|work=ScreenDaily|publisher=[[De Redactie]]|date=February 10, 2016|accessdate=February 10, 2016}}</ref> on February 12, 2016 in Spain, on February 17, 2016 in France, and on February 18, 2016 in Italy. The United States followed on March 4, 2016.<ref name="zoo">{{cite news|last1=Yamato|first1=Jen|title=Disney Dates 2016 Animated Pics ‘Zootopia’ & ‘Moana’|url=http://deadline.com/2014/11/disney-2016-zootopia-moana-1201280412/|accessdate=November 10, 2014|publisher=deadline.com|date=November 10, 2014}}</ref>
The film's European title, ''Zootropolis'', was released in Finland on March 4, 2016, and across other European countries on [[Good Friday|March 25]], 2016; six weeks after the initial theatrical release in Belgium.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2948356/?ref_=nv_sr_1|title=Zootropolis (2016)|publisher=Internet Movie Database|date=December 14, 2015|accessdate=December 31, 2015}}</ref>

''Zootopia'' was released in [[Disney Digital 3D]], [[RealD 3D]], and [[IMAX 3D]], making it the first animated Disney film since ''[[Treasure Planet]]'' to be shown in domestic [[IMAX]] theatres.<ref name="zoo">{{cite news|last1=Yamato|first1=Jen|title=Disney Dates 2016 Animated Pics ‘Zootopia’ & ‘Moana’|url=http://deadline.com/2014/11/disney-2016-zootopia-moana-1201280412/|accessdate=November 10, 2014|publisher=deadline.com|date=November 10, 2014}}</ref><ref name="nasdaq1"/>

===Marketing===
The first teaser trailer was released online at Walt Disney Animation Studios' [[YouTube]] page on June 11, 2015,<ref>Walt Disney Animation Studio, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9lmhBYB11U "Zootopia US Teaser Trailer"]</ref> and theatrically with [[Pixar]]'s ''[[Inside Out (2015 film)|Inside Out]]''.

A second teaser trailer was released online again at Walt Disney Animation Studios' YouTube page on November 23, 2015,<ref>Walt Disney Animation Studio, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bY73vFGhSVk "Zootopia Official US Sloth Trailer"]</ref> (and theatrically with Pixar's ''[[The Good Dinosaur]]'') featuring a sequence of the film where the main characters encounter a Department of Mammal Vehicles (based on the [[Department of Motor Vehicles|DMV]]) run entirely by sloths. The official theatrical trailer for the film was released online at Walt Disney Animation Studios' YouTube page on [[New Year's Eve]] 2015.<ref>Walt Disney Animation Studio, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWM0ct-OLsM "Zootopia Official US Trailer #2"]</ref> Figures of Judy Hopps and Nick Wilde were released for ''[[Disney Infinity 3.0]]'' on March 1, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gameinformer.com/games/disney_infinity_30/b/playstation4/archive/2015/08/16/good-dinosaur-zootopia-and-peter-pan-on-the-way.aspx|last=Hilliard|first=Kyle|title=Good Dinosaur, Zootopia, And Peter Pan On The Way|work=[[Game Informer]]|date=August 15, 2015}}</ref>

A [[digital marketing]] company, Allied Integrated Media, was contracted by Disney to reach out to members of the [[furry fandom]] on [[Meetup (website)|Meetup]], encouraging them to post photos of themselves in their [[fursuits]] on social media, with the movie hashtag, as a form of [[viral marketing]] for the movie.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Notopoulos|first1=Katie|title=Proof Disney Is Actually Marketing “Zootopia” To Furries|url=http://www.buzzfeed.com/katienotopoulos/proof-disney-is-actually-marketing-zootopia-to-furries#.fw13YbMro|website=[[BuzzFeed]]|publisher=BuzzFeed, Inc|accessdate=March 4, 2016|date=March 2, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303121845/http://www.buzzfeed.com/katienotopoulos/proof-disney-is-actually-marketing-zootopia-to-furries|archivedate=March 3, 2016|dead-url=no}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Box office===
{{Asof|2016|3|13|df=US}}, ''Zootopia'' has grossed $144 million in North America and $288.7 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $432.7 million.<ref name=BOM />

====North America====
In the United States and Canada, pre-release tracking suggested the film would open to $60–70 million from 3,827 theaters in its opening weekend.<ref name="PPP"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-preview-can-london-870594|title=Box-Office Preview: Can 'London Has Fallen' Redeem Gerard Butler After 'Gods of Egypt'?|first=Pamela|last=McClintock|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 3, 2016|accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> It played in 3,100 3D theaters, 365 IMAX theaters and 325 premium large formats screens.<ref name="PPP">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/03/zootopia-london-has-fallen-box-office-preview-whiskey-tango-foxtrot-deadpool-1201712794/|title=Disney Unleashed: ‘Zootopia’ Toon Expected To Roar Past $60M – Weekend Preview|first=Anthony|last=D'Alessandro|publisher=[[Deadline.com]]|date=March 2, 2016|accessdate=March 3, 2016}}</ref> It earned $1.7 million from Thursday previews, a record for a non-Pixar Disney animated film,<ref name="Zoo">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/03/weekend-box-office-zootopia-london-has-fallen-whiskey-tango-foxtrot-1201714373/|title=‘Zootopia’ $70M Opening Is A Record For Original Disney Toon; ‘London’ Raises $22M; ‘Whiskey’ Trips – Friday Night B.O.|first=Anthony|last=D'Alessandro|publisher=[[Deadline.com]]|date=March 4, 2016|accessdate=March 5, 2016}}</ref> for an animated film opening outside of summer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-zootopia-roars-friday-872657|title=Box Office: 'Zootopia' Roars Friday for Huge $63M-$65M Weekend|first=Pamela|last=McClintock and Rebecca Ford|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 4, 2016|accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> and seventh biggest all-time for an animated film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=4163&p=.htm|title=Disney's 'Zootopia' Targets March Animated Opening Record|first=Brad|last=Brevet|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=March 3, 2016|accessdate=March 5, 2016}}</ref> Buoyed by good [[word of mouth]], it earned $19.5 million on its opening day, also a record for a non-Pixar Disney animated film (breaking ''[[Frozen (2013 film)|Frozen]]''{{'}}s record),<ref name="Zoo"/> and the second biggest for a March animated film (behind ''[[Ice Age: The Meltdown]]'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2016/03/05/box-office-zootopia-could-score-75m-weekend-after-mammoth-19-5m-friday/|title=Box Office: 'Zootopia' Could Score $75M Weekend After Mammoth $19.5M Friday|first=Scott|last=Mendelson|work=[[Forbes]]|date=March 5, 2016|accessdate=March 6, 2016}}</ref> In its opening weekend, it scored a better than expected $75.1 million which is the biggest non-Pixar Disney animated opening (breaking ''[[Big Hero 6 (film)|Big Hero 6]]''{{'}}s record), the biggest opening weekend among Walt Disney Animation Studios films (breaking ''[[Frozen (2013 film)|Frozen]]''{{'}}s record), the biggest March animated opening (breaking ''[[The Lorax (film)|Dr. Seuss' The Lorax]]'' record), the fourth biggest March opening and the ninth biggest animated opening of all time.<ref name="OOO">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/03/weekend-box-office-zootopia-london-has-fallen-whiskey-tango-foxtrot-1201714373/|title=‘Zootopia’ $75.1M Opening Is A Record For Original Disney Toon; Pushes 2016 Past $2 Billion Mark – Monday B.O.|first=Anthony|last=D'Alessandro|publisher=[[Deadline.com]]|date=March 7, 2016|accessdate=March 8, 2016}}</ref><ref name="BOOM">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=4164&p=.htm|title='Zootopia' Scores Disney Animation's Largest Opening Ever|first=Brad|last=Brevet|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=March 6, 2016|accessdate=March 7, 2016}}</ref> Furthermore, its opening weekend is also the third biggest for an original film, behind only ''[[Inside Out (2015 film)|Inside Out]]'' and ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2016/03/06/weekend-box-office-zootopia-nabs-record-breaking-73m-debut-and-a-232m-worldwide-total/|title=Weekend Box Office: 'Zootopia' Nabs Record-Breaking $73M US Debut For $232M Worldwide Total|first=Scott|last=Mendelson|work=[[Forbes]]|date=March 6, 2016|accessdate=March 7, 2016}}</ref> It also performed exceptionally well in IMAX where the film brought in $5.2 million from 366 screens, the second best animated IMAX opening behind only ''[[Toy Story 3]]''{{'}}s $8.4 million.<ref name="BOOM"/>

In its [[Second weekend in box office performance|second weekend]], it fell gradually by 31.6% to $51.3 million and recorded one of the best holds for an animated film which is more or less on par with ''[[Wreck-It Ralph]]''{{'}}s second weekend drop of 32.7% but a bigger drop than ''[[The Lego Movie]]''{{'}}s 27% drop.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2016/03/13/weekend-box-office-zootopia-snags-50m-deadpool-topping-700m-worldwide-star-wars-tops-930m/|title=Weekend Box Office: 'Zootopia' Snags $50M, 'Deadpool Tops $700M Global, 'Star Wars' Crosses $930M|author=Scott Mendelson|work=[[Forbes]]|date=March 13, 2016|accessdate=March 14, 2016}}</ref>

====Outside North America====
Internationally, ''Zootopia'' is receiving a scattered release as [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] decided to take advantage of school holidays in various markets. It began opening in a very limited number of international markets in the weekend ending February 14, earning $4.5 million from 3 markets.<ref name="Overseas7thOpening">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/02/deadpool-zoolander-2-how-to-be-single-opening-international-box-office-1201702508/|title=‘Deadpool,’ ‘Zoolander 2,’ ‘How To Be Single’ All Jump Higher – Int’l Box Office Final|first=Anita|last=Busch|publisher=[[Deadline.com]]|date=February 16, 2016|accessdate=February 17, 2016}}</ref> It expanded to 22 markets in its second weekend, which is 36% of its total international markets and added $31.2 million.<ref name="Overseas8thOpening">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/02/deadpool-zootopia-mermaid-hail-caesar-international-box-office-overseas-weekend-results-1201706617/|title=‘Deadpool’ Scores $85.3M In 2nd Offshore Frame; Nears $500M Global – Intl Box Office|first=Nancy|last=Tartaglione|publisher=[[Deadline.com]]|date=February 21, 2016|accessdate=February 22, 2016}}</ref> It added another $33 million in its third weekend with no new markets added.<ref name="Overseas9thOpening">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/02/gods-of-egypt-deadpool-zootopia-mermaid-international-box-office-overseas-weekend-resuts-1201710506/|title=‘Deadpool’ At $609M Global; ‘Gods Of Egypt’ Bows To $24M, ‘Zootopia’ Lands $33M 3rd Frame – Int’l B.O. Final|first=Nancy|last=Tartaglione|publisher=[[Deadline.com]]|date=February 28, 2016|accessdate=March 1, 2016}}</ref> In its fourth weekend, it expanded to 45 countries and grossed $64.7 million coming in second place at the international box office, behind the Chinese film ''[[Ip Man 3]]''.<ref name="Overseas10thOpening">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/03/zootopia-biggest-debut-ever-china-russia-disney-animation-llondon-has-fallen-international-box-office-1201715311/|title=‘Zootopia’ Is Disney Animation Champ; ‘Mermaid’ Makes History; Best Picture ‘Spotlight’ Wins Big — Int’l Box Office Final|first=Anita|last=Busch|publisher=[[Deadline.com]]|date=March 6, 2016|accessdate=March 7, 2016}}</ref> $3.3 million came from IMAX showings.<ref name="Overseas10thOpening"/> It finally topped the box office in its fifth weekend after a strong second weekend gross in China. It added $89.3 million from 45 countries, an increase of 25% from its previous weekend.<ref name="Overseas11thOpening">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/03/divergent-series-allegiant-zootopia-gods-of-egypt-deadpool-international-box-office-weekend-results-overseas-1201719546/|title=‘Allegiant’ Pledges $26.7M; ‘Zootopia’ Hops With $83M 5th Frame – Intl B.O. Update|author=Nancy Tartaglione|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|date=March 13, 2016|accessdate=March 14, 2016}}</ref>

In its opening weekend – which varies between markets – it grossed $3.1 million in Spain and an additional $1.7 million in Belgium and Denmark. In Belgium, it scored the biggest ever animated opening for a Disney or Pixar movie.<ref name="Overseas7thOpening"/> It broke opening records for a non-Pixar Disney animated film in China ($23.6 million), France ($8.7 million) Russia ($7.9 million), Germany ($6.8 million), Poland ($1.2 million) and India.<ref name="Overseas8thOpening"/><ref name="Overseas10thOpening"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/russia-box-office-zootopia-opens-873849|title=Russia Box Office: 'Zootopia' Opens to Record $7.9M
|first=Vladimir|last=Kozlov|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 9, 2016|accessdate=March 10, 2016}}</ref> Elsewhere, Mexico opened with $4.6 million and Italy opened on a non-holiday weekend to $3.3 million.<ref name="Overseas8thOpening"/> Morevover, it had No. 1 openings in Austria, Switzerland, Portugal and South Africa.<ref name="Overseas10thOpening"/> In China, it was locally known as 疯狂动物城 (''Crazy Animal City'')<ref name="PRC">{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2016/03/08/zootopia-stampedes-across-china-to-record-box-office-results/|title='Zootopia' Stampedes Across China to Record Box Office Results|first=Rob|last=Cain|work=[[Forbes]]|date=March 8, 2016|accessdate=March 9, 2016}}</ref> and exceeded expectations;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/china-box-office-ip-man-873060|title=China Box Office: 'Ip Man 3' Opens to $75M Amid Fraud Allegations, 'The Mermaid' First to Cross $500M|first=Patrick|last=Brzeski|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 6, 2016|accessdate=March 7, 2016}}</ref> the film has been termed Hollywood's first breakout hit in China since ''[[Jurassic World ]]''earned $229 million there in summer of 2015.<ref name="RER">{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2016/03/13/zootopia-tramples-chinas-animation-record-with-60-million-weekend/#66ef5ac52cdb|title='Zootopia' Tramples China's Animation Record With $60 Million Weekend|author=Rob Cain|work=[[Forbes]]|date=March 13, 2016|accessdate=March 14, 2016}}</ref><ref name="RRR"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://chinafilminsider.com/china-box-office-disney-zootopia-is-setting-animation-records-in-china/|title=China Box Office: ‘Zootopia’ Is Setting Animation Records in China|author=Jonathan Papish|work=''China Film Insider''|date=March 14, 2016|accessdate=March 15, 2016}}</ref> It had an opening day of $3.4 million on its way to $23.8 million for its three day opening weekend, debuting in second place behind ''[[Ip Man 3]]'' and scoring the biggest non-sequel animated opening, as well as the second biggest three day opening for an animated film and the second biggest animated IMAX opening ($3 million from 278 screens), both of which were both behind ''[[Kung Fu Panda 3]]''.<ref name="Overseas10thOpening"/><ref name="PRC"/> In its ninth day of release (a Saturday), it recorded the biggest single day gross ever for an animated film with $25 million (compared to $10.6 million on its first Saturday) and passed the lifetime total of ''[[Big Hero 6 (film)|Big Hero 6]]'' to become the highest-grossing Disney animated film in China.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-zootopia-roars-record-874827|title=Box Office: 'Zootopia' Roars to Record $25M Saturday in China, Nears $100M|first=Pamela|last=McClintock|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 12, 2016|accessdate=March 13, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/03/zootopia-100-million-china-box-office-single-day-record-1201719363/|title=‘Zootopia’ Bunny-Hopping To $100M+ In China; Sets Single-Day Animation Record|first=Nancy|last=Tartaglione|publisher=[[Deadline.com]]|date=March 12, 2016|accessdate=March 13, 2016}}</ref> In its second weekend, it witnessed a huge jump by grossing $56.5 million, an increase of 139% from its previous weekend and crossed the $100 million mark (in its tenth day), becoming the third animated film in China to pass $100 million in ticket sales after ''Kung Fu Panda 3'' and ''[[Monkey King: Hero Is Back]]''.<ref name="Overseas11thOpening"/> While other Chinese sources reported $60 million.<ref name="RER"/> In mid-March the combined total of ''Kung Fu Panda 3'' and ''Zootopia'' alone broke 2014's record of $286 million in box office grosses for American animated features in China.<ref name="RRR">{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2016/03/14/americas-fastest-growing-export-to-china-talking-animals/#109e6f904035|title=America's Booming Export To China: Talking Animals|author=Rob Cain|work=[[Forbes]]|date=March 14, 2016|accessdate=March 14, 2016}}</ref>

In terms of total earnings outside of North America, ''Zootopia''{{'}}s largest markets are China ($109 million), followed by France ($23.8 million) and Russia ($20.6 million).<ref name="Overseas11thOpening"/> It will open next in Australia and Brazil (March 17), the United Kingdom and Ireland (March 25), and Japan (April 23).<ref name="RRSS">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/03/zootopia-crossing-300m-globally-100m-domestic-200m-international-1201718635/|title=‘Zootopia’ Crossing $300M Globally Today For Disney Animation|first=Anita|last=Busch|publisher=[[Deadline.com]]|date=March 11, 2016|accessdate=March 12, 2016}}</ref>

===Critical response===
''Zootopia'' received critical acclaim.<ref name="forbes"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/03/04/zootopia-reviews-roundup |title=Critical Mass: Is Zootopia another paradise for animation lovers?|work=Entertainment Weekly|first=Jonathon|last=Dornbush|accessdate=March 6, 2016}}</ref> On [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film has a rating of 99% based on 147 reviews and an average rating of 8.1/10. The consensus statement reads, "The brilliantly well-rounded ''Zootopia'' offers a thoughtful, inclusive message that's as rich and timely as its sumptuously state-of-the-art animation – all while remaining fast and funny enough to keep younger viewers entertained."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/zootopia/|title=Zootopia|website=Rotten Tomatoes|accessdate=March 11, 2016}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film has a score of 78 out of 100 based on 39 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/zootopia |title=Zootopia reviews |publisher=Metacritic |accessdate=March 7, 2016}}</ref> On [[CinemaScore]], audiences gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/03/weekend-box-office-zootopia-london-has-fallen-whiskey-tango-foxtrot-1201714373/ |title=‘Zootopia’ $73.7M Opening Sets Record For Original Disney Toon; ‘London’ Raises $21.7M; ‘Whiskey’ Trips |publisher=deadline.com}}</ref>

[[Neil Genzlinger]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' considered the movie "funny, smart, [and] thought-provoking."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/04/movies/zootopia-review.html|title=Review: In ''Zootopia'', an Intrepid Bunny Chases Her Dreams|date=March 3, 2016|first=Neil|last=Genzlinger|authorlink=Neil Genzlinger|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]''{{'s}} [[Peter Travers]] wrote that ''Zootopia'' "may be the most subversive movie of" 2016, praising its timely message about the harm of prejudice in the face of the prevailing xenophobic political rhetoric at the time of the film's release and the film's humor.<ref name="rollingstone1"/> Mark Hughes, writing for ''[[Forbes]]'', found it the best Disney feature since ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'', extolling its "wonderfully imaginative and joyfully expressive animation, consistently smart humor, instantly lovable and interesting characters, and remarkable commentary on race and culture."<ref name="forbes">{{cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/markhughes/2016/03/03/review-zootopia-is-the-best-disney-film-since-beauty-and-the-beast/|title=Review: 'Zootopia' Is The Best Disney Film Since 'Beauty And The Beast'|date=March 3, 2016|first=Mark|last=Hughes|work=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> Peter Debruge at ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' opined that ''Zootopia'' "plays directly to the studio's strengths."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/zootopia-film-review-1201703504/|title=Film Review: ‘Zootopia’|date=February 12, 2016|first=Peter|last=Debruge|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> [[IGN]] reviewer Eric Goldman gave the film a 9.0 out of 10 'Amazing' score, saying "Zootopia is a wonderful example of how Disney, at its best, can mix its past and present together in a very cool, compelling way. It takes the classic animation trope of animals walking, talking and acting like humans, but gives it a modern spin both in terms of its humor and animation style...and also in its themes, which are meaningful and fascinatingly topical."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2016/02/29/zootopia-review|title=Zootopia Review|publisher=IGN|first=Eric|last=Goldman|date=February 29, 2016|accessdate=March 6, 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://disney.com/zootopia}}
* {{IMDb title|2948356|Zootopia}}
* {{bcdb title|151185|Zootopia}}

{{Disney theatrical animated features}}
{{Walt Disney Animation Studios}}
{{Portal bar|Disney|Film in the United States|Cartoon|Animation|2010s}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
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Zootopia

2016-03-13T09:51:14Z

Luch4: /* Cast */

{{for|the zoo and safari park in Denmark|Givskud Zoo}}
{{Pp-semi|small=yes}}{{pp-move-indef}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Zootopia
| image = Zootopia.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = {{plainlist|
* [[Byron Howard]]
* [[Rich Moore]]

}}
| producer = [[Clark Spencer]]
| screenplay = {{plainlist|
* [[Jared Bush]]
* Phil Johnston<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome to Zootopia at D23 EXPO!|url=https://d23.com/welcome-to-zootopia-at-d23-expo/|publisher=D23|accessdate=August 30, 2015|date=August 15, 2015}}</ref>
}}
| story = {{plainlist|
* Byron Howard
* Rich Moore
* Jared Bush
* Joshie Trinidad
* [[Jim Reardon]]
* Phil Johnston
* [[Jennifer Lee (filmmaker)|Jennifer Lee]]
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Ginnifer Goodwin]]
* [[Jason Bateman]]
* [[Idris Elba]]
* [[J. K. Simmons|J.K. Simmons]]
* [[Tommy Chong]]
* [[Octavia Spencer]]
* [[Jenny Slate]]
* [[Shakira]]
}}
| music = [[Michael Giacchino]]<ref name=USATGiacchinoScore />
| editing = {{plainlist|
*Fabienne Rawley
*Jeremy Milton
}}
| studio = {{plainlist|
* [[Walt Disney Pictures]]
* [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]]
}}
| distributor = [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|2016|02|10|Belgium|2016|03|04|United States}}
| runtime = 108 minutes<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/zootropolis-film | title=''ZOOTROPOLIS'' (PG) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=February 17, 2016 | accessdate=February 17, 2016}}</ref>
| country = United States
| language = English
| gross = $311.7 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=disney2016.htm |title=Zootopia (2016) |website=''[[Box Office Mojo]]'' |accessdate=March 12, 2016}}</ref>
}}
'''''Zootopia''''' (known as '''''Zootropolis''''' in Europe)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.screendaily.com/news/disneys-zootopia-renamed-zootropolis-for-uk/5084129.article|title=Disney's 'Zootopia' renamed 'Zootropolis' for UK|last=Rosser|first=Stephen|work=ScreenDaily|publisher=[[Screen International]]|date=March 11, 2015|accessdate=March 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=43677|title=Disney's Zootopia Is Now Zootropolis|last=White|first=James|work=[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]|publisher=[[Bauer Media Group]]|date=March 11, 2015|accessdate=March 11, 2015}}</ref> is a 2016 American [[3-D film|3D]] [[Computer-animated film|computer-animated]] [[comedy film|comedy]] [[adventure film]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=McNary|first1=Dave|title=Watch: Disney's ‘Zootopia’ Trailer Introduces Animal-Run World|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/disneys-zootopia-teaser-trailer-1201517794/|accessdate=July 25, 2015|work=Zootopia|date=June 11, 2015}}</ref> produced by [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] and released by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. It is the 55th animated feature in the [[List of Walt Disney Animation Studios films|Walt Disney Animated Classics]] series.

''Zootopia'' was directed by [[Byron Howard]] and [[Rich Moore]], co-directed by [[Jared Bush]], and features the voices of [[Ginnifer Goodwin]], [[Jason Bateman]], [[Idris Elba]], [[J. K. Simmons|J.K. Simmons]], [[Tommy Chong]], [[Octavia Spencer]], [[Jenny Slate]], and [[Shakira]]. It was released in the [[Disney Digital 3D]], [[RealD 3D]], and [[IMAX 3D]] formats on March 4, 2016.<ref name="zoo"/><ref name="nasdaq1">{{cite news|last1=Newswire|first1=PR|title=Disney's Zootopia To Be Released In IMAX® 3D Theatres Domestically And In Select International Markets Including China|url=http://www.nasdaq.com/press-release/disneys-zootopia-to-be-released-in-imax-3d-theatres-domestically-and-in-select-international-20160203-00975|accessdate=February 3, 2016|publisher=deadline.com|date=February 3, 2016}}</ref> The film details the unlikely partnership between a rabbit police officer and a red fox con artist as they uncover a conspiracy that involves missing predator civilians.

''Zootopia'' received acclaim from critics, who praised the film's CGI animation, voice acting, and script and found its themes of [[prejudice]] and [[stereotype]]s timely.<ref>{{cite web|title=Zootopia|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/zootopia/|website=Rotten Tomatoes|accessdate=6 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="rollingstone1">{{cite news|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/zootopia-20160303|title=''Zootopia''|date=March 3, 2016|author=[[Peter Travers]]|work=[[Rolling Stone]]|accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> The film opened to record-breaking box office success in several countries.<ref>{{cite web|title='Zootopia' Scores Disney Animation's Largest Opening Ever|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=4164&p=.htm|website=Box Office Mojo|accessdate=6 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Busch|first1=Anita|title=‘Zootopia’ Is Disney Animation’s Biggest Debut Ever In China, Russia, ‘Mermaid’ Makes History With $503M In China — Int’l Box Office Sunday|url=http://deadline.com/2016/03/zootopia-biggest-debut-ever-china-russia-disney-animation-llondon-has-fallen-international-box-office-1201715311/|accessdate=6 March 2016|publisher=Deadline|date=6 March 2016}}</ref>

==Plot==

In a world populated by anthropomorphic mammals, Judy Hopps, a [[rabbit]] from rural Bunnyburrow, fulfills her dream of becoming the first rabbit officer in the police department of nearby city Zootopia. However, upon arrival, she is assigned parking duty by Chief Bogo, an [[African buffalo]], who doubts her potential due to her diminutive size. During one of her shifts, she meets Nick Wilde, a con artist [[Red fox|fox]].

Hopps abandons her shift to arrest a thief, Duke Weaselton. She is reprimanded by Bogo and nearly fired until Mrs. Otterton, an [[otter]], arrives pleading for help locating her missing husband – one of many animals recently missing in Zootopia. To Bogo’s dismay, Hopps volunteers and agrees to resign if she cannot solve the case within 48 hours. She sees Wilde in the last known photo of Otterton and tracks him down, coercing him into to assisting her with the investigation.

After acquiring Mr. Otterton’s license plate number, Hopps and Wilde track the vehicle to Mr. Big, an [[Arctic shrew]] crime boss. Mr. Big informs the pair that Otterton, his florist, had gone savage and attacked his chauffeur Manchas, a black [[jaguar]]. Hopps and Wilde locate Manchas, who mentions “night howlers” were responsible for attacking him before he goes savage and chases the pair out of his home. When Bogo and his reinforcements arrive, Manchas disappears. Bogo demands Hopps resign, but Wilde takes a stand, insisting they have 10 more hours to solve the case. As the pair leaves, Hopps learns from Wilde that he was bullied by prey animals as a pup and became a criminal, believing he would be stereotyped as one no matter what due to being a fox.

Wilde realizes that the city’s traffic camera system may have captured Manchas’s disappearance, and the pair consults Assistant Mayor Bellwether, a sheep. They identify the captors as wolves, hence “night howlers”. Hopps and Wilde locate the missing mammals (including Mr. Otterton) at Cliffside Asylum. All are predators and have gone savage like Manchas. The two discover Mayor Lionheart consulting with a doctor about the predators' condition. The pair escape with the evidence and the police swarm the area, arresting Lionheart.

Having developed a friendship with Wilde throughout the case, Hopps requests that he joins the Zootopia Police Department and become her partner, which Wilde happily considers. However, during a press conference, Hopps mentions that the savage animals are predators and argues they have gone back to their “natural state.” Wilde is hurt and angrily walks out on her offer. Fear and discrimination against predators spread across Zootopia, and a guilt-ridden Hopps resigns. During this time, pop singer Gazelle holds a peaceful protest and publicly asks for the harmonious Zootopia she loves to be restored.

Back in Bunnyburrow, Hopps learns that “night howlers” are flowers that have severe psychotropic effects on mammals. Hopps returns to Zootopia and reconciles with Wilde. They locate Weaselton and learn that he has been collecting night howlers for a secret laboratory. The pair discover the lab and find ram scientists creating a night howler serum, which has been injected into predators via dart guns. Hopps and Wilde race to the ZPD with the evidence, but the rams pursue them.

Just short of the ZPD, the pair encounters Bellwether, who tries to take the evidence. Realizing Bellwether is the mastermind of a species-supremacist conspiracy, Hopps and Wilde try to flee, but Bellwether shoots a dart at Wilde and calls the ZPD for help. Wilde becomes savage and corners Hopps, but it turns out the pair were acting and had swapped out Bellwether’s darts for blueberries. With Bellwether’s confession recorded on Hopps’s carrot pen, the two have enough evidence to unravel the conspiracy.

Some months later, Hopps is reinstated into the ZPD. The savaged mammals are cured. Lionheart is cleared of all charges and is reinstated as mayor. Wilde joins the ZPD as the first fox officer and Judy’s new partner. In the final scene, all of Zootopia enjoy a performance by Gazelle.

==Cast==
{{div col|2}}
* [[Ginnifer Goodwin]] as Officer Judy Hopps, a 24-year-old{{Citation needed}} [[rabbit]] from Bunnyburrow who is a newly appointed member of the Zootopia Police Department.<ref name=THRGoodwinJoins>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/ginnifer-goodwin-joins-jason-bateman-793927|title=Ginnifer Goodwin Joins Jason Bateman in Disney Animation's 'Zootopia' (Exclusive)|work=The Hollywood Reporter|publisher=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=May 6, 2015|accessdate=May 6, 2015}}</ref>
** Della Saba voices 9-year-old Judy.
* [[Jason Bateman]] as Nicholas P. "Nick" Wilde, a 27-year-old{{Citation needed}} [[red fox]] who is a small-time [[Confidence trick|con artist]].<ref name=THRGoodwinJoins /><ref name=THRBateman />
** [[Kath Soucie]] voices a younger Nick Wilde.
* [[Idris Elba]] as Chief Bogo, a [[African buffalo|cape buffalo]] who is the [[Chief of police|chief]] of the Zootopia Police Department's 1st Precinct.<ref name=DeadlineCast>{{cite web|last1=Pedersen|first1=Erik|title=Disney’s ‘Zootopia’ Cages Idris Elba, J.K. Simmons, Octavia Spencer & Others|url=http://deadline.com/2015/10/zootopia-cast-idris-elba-j-k-simmons-octavia-spencer-bonnie-hunt-tommy-chong-1201594498/|publisher=Deadline|accessdate=October 27, 2015|date=October 26, 2015}}</ref>
* [[J. K. Simmons|J.K. Simmons]] as Leodore Lionheart, a noble [[lion]] who is the [[Mayor]] of Zootopia.<ref name="DeadlineCast" />
* [[Tommy Chong]] as Yax, an enlightened laid-back [[Yak]] who is the owner of the [[Nudist community|naturist club]] Mystic Springs Oasis.<ref name="DeadlineCast" />
* [[Octavia Spencer]] as Mrs. Otterton, a slender [[North American river otter]].<ref name="DeadlineCast" />
* [[Jenny Slate]] as Dawn Bellwether, a sweet [[sheep]] who is the [[deputy mayor|assistant mayor]] of Zootopia.<ref name="DeadlineCast" />
* [[Shakira]] as Gazelle, a [[Thomson's gazelle]] from Sahara Square who is a famous pop star and has a lot of fans.<ref name=THRShakira>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=Shakira Joins Voice Cast of Disney Animation's 'Zootopia'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/shakira-joins-voice-cast-disney-815586|accessdate=August 14, 2015|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=August 14, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Nate Torrence]] as Officer Benjamin Clawhauser, an obese [[cheetah]] who works as a [[dispatcher]] for the Zootopia Police Department.<ref name=DeadlineCast />
* [[Bonnie Hunt]] as Bonnie Hopps, a rabbit from Bunnyburrow who is the mother of Judy Hopps.<ref name="DeadlineCast" />
* [[Don Lake]] as Stu Hopps, a rabbit from Bunnyburrow who is the father of Judy Hopps and a known carrot farmer.<ref name="DeadlineCast" />
* [[Alan Tudyk]] as Duke Weaselton, a small-time [[weasel]] crook.<ref name="DeadlineCast" /> The name is a reference to the Duke of Weselton from ''[[Frozen (2013 film)|Frozen]]'', whom Tudyk also voices.<ref>http://www.cinemablend.com/new/Walt-Disney-Animation-Has-Found-Its-Own-John-Ratzenberger-Style-Good-Luck-Charm-97347.html</ref>
* [[Raymond S. Persi]] as Flash, the "fastest" [[three-toed sloth]] in the [[Department of Motor Vehicles|DMV]] (short for Department of Mammal Vehicles).<ref name=DeadlineCast />
* [[Maurice LaMarche]] as Mr. Big, an [[arctic shrew]] who is the most fearsome crime boss in Tundratown.<ref>{{cite news|title=Four New Photos And Trailer Are Here For Disney’s ZOOTOPIA|url=http://www.wearemoviegeeks.com/2015/12/four-new-photos-and-trailer-are-here-for-disneys-zootopia/|date=December 31, 2015|accessdate=January 22, 2016}}</ref>
* Phil Johnston as Gideon Grey, a red fox from Bunnyburrow who used to bully the young rabbits and sheep when he was young. As an adult, he has made amends with those he picked on and became a much-respected baker.
* Fuschia! as Drill Instructor, a [[polar bear]] who works at the Zootopia Police Academy.
* [[John DiMaggio]] as Jerry Jumbeaux Jr., an [[African elephant]] who owns an elephant ice cream parlor called Jumbeaux's Café.<ref name=DeadlineCast />
* [[Katie Lowes]] as Dr. Madge Honey Badger, a [[honey badger]] who handles the most pressing medical cases.<ref name=DeadlineCast />
* Gita Reddy as Nangi, an [[Indian elephant]] that works as a yoga instructor at Mystic Springs Oasis.
* [[Jesse Corti]] as Manchas, a black jaguar who is a chauffeur for Zootopia's biggest limo company.<ref name=DeadlineCast />
* [[Tom Lister, Jr.]] as Finnick, a [[fennec fox]] who is Nick's partner in crime.<ref name=DeadlineCast />
* [[Josh Dallas]] as Frantic Pig<ref name="Kristen Bell in Zootopia"/>
* Leah Latham as Fru Fru, the daughter of Mr. Big who disapproves of her father doing his crime family business during her activities.<ref name="Kristen Bell in Zootopia"/>
* [[Rich Moore]] as Doug, a sheep [[chemist]] with puffy wool that works for Deputy Mayor Bellwether.<ref name="Kristen Bell in Zootopia"/>
* [[Peter Mansbridge]] as Peter Moosebridge, a [[moose]] co-anchor of the ZTV News.<ref>{{cite news|title=Peter Mansbridge voices moose in Disney film 'Zootopia'|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2015/11/13/peter-mansbridge-voices-moose-in-disney-film-zootopia|accessdate=November 14, 2015|work=Toronto Sun|agency=The Canadian Press|date=November 13, 2015}}</ref> - The moose is used in the standard version of the film, released in the United States, France, Canada, Russia, and Mexico.<ref name=Loughrey>Loughrey, Clarisse. "[http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/zootropolis-new-anchors-change-animal-depending-on-what-country-youre-in-a6916651.html Zootropolis' new anchors change animal depending on what country you're in]." ''[[The Independent]]''. March 7, 2016. Retrieved on March 7, 2016.</ref> In other countries the anchor is a different animal voiced by a different person.<ref name=Loughrey/> [[David Campbell (Australian musician)|David Campbell]] voices a [[koala]] newscaster in the Australian version<ref>Moran, Jonathon. "[http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/sydney-confidential/singer-david-campbell-adds-voice-to-new-aussie-disney-movie-zootopia/news-story/d30a4d3cf35701b7a49cb4eb4ba17e07 Singer David Campbell adds voice to new Aussie Disney movie Zootopia]." ''[[Daily Telegraph (Australia)|Daily Telegraph]]''. January 20, 2016. Retrieved on March 7, 2016.</ref> which was also distributed in New Zealand. The Brazilian version uses a [[jaguar]] that is voiced by [[Ricardo Boechat]]. The Japanese version uses a [[Japanese raccoon dog|tanuki]]. The Chinese version uses a [[giant panda]].<ref name=Loughrey/> The British version uses a [[Welsh Corgi|corgi]].<ref>Libbey, Dirk. "[http://www.cinemablend.com/new/One-Character-Zootopia-Changed-International-Audiences-116847.html The One Character Zootopia Changed For International Audiences]." ''[[Cinemablend]]''. March 7, 2016. Retrieved on March 7, 2016.</ref>
* [[Byron Howard]] as Bucky Oryx-Antlerson, an [[Arabian oryx]] who is the neighbor of Judy Hopps.<ref name="Kristen Bell in Zootopia"/>
* [[Jared Bush]] as Pronk Oryx-Antlerson an Arabian oryx who is the neighbor of Judy Hopps.<ref name="Kristen Bell in Zootopia"/>
* [[Mark Smith (actor)|Mark "Rhino" Smith]] as Officer McHorn, a [[black rhinoceros]] police officer who is part of the Zootopia Police Department.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bush|first1=Jared|title=Who's voicing Officer McHorn? @MarkRhinoSmith & he never wore a shirt to our recording sessions either.|url=https://twitter.com/thejaredbush/status/679597857091883008|publisher=Twitter|accessdate=December 30, 2015|date=December 23, 2015}}</ref>
* Josie Trinidad as Landlady, an unnamed [[nine-banded armadillo]] who is the landlady of the apartment that Judy Hopps moves into.
* [[John Lavelle (actor)|John Lavelle]] as Mouse Foreman
* [[Kristen Bell]] as Priscilla, a three-toed sloth who is Flash's co-worker at the DMV.<ref name="Kristen Bell in Zootopia">[http://www.stitchkingdom.com/disney-kristen-bell-sloth-zootopia-83823/ http://www.stitchkingdom.com/disney-kristen-bell-sloth-zootopia-83823/ Kristen Bell Voices a Sloth in Disney's 'Zootopia']</ref>
{{div col end}}

==Production==
{{multiple image
|direction = horizontal
|image1 = Byron Howard.jpg
|width1 = 135
|alt1 = Byron Howard
|image2 = Rich Moore Annecy2015.jpg
|width2 = 150
|alt2 = Rich Moore
|footer = Directors [[Byron Howard]] and [[Rich Moore]] presented footage from the film at the 2015 [[Annecy International Animated Film Festival]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=King|first1=Darryn|title=Annecy Will Host Genndy Tartakovsky, Masaaki Yuasa, ‘Zootopia’ Directors, Richard Williams|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/events/annecy-will-host-genndy-tartakovsky-masaaki-yuasa-zootopia-directors-richard-williams-112497.html|publisher=Cartoon Brew|accessdate=June 19, 2015|date=April 30, 2015}}</ref>
}}
The project was first announced in August 2013 at that year's [[D23 (Disney)|D23 Expo]].<ref name=CSD23Press>{{cite news|last=Graser|first=Marc|title=D23 Expo: Disney Reveals Animated ‘Zootopia’ for 2016|url=http://variety.com/2013/film/news/d23-expo-disney-reveals-animated-zootopia-for-2016-1200576434/|accessdate=March 1, 2014|newspaper=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=August 9, 2013}}</ref> The film is scripted by [[Jared Bush]], is scheduled for a March 2016 release.<ref name=CSD23Press /><ref>{{cite news|last=Kilday|first=Gregg|title=Pixar vs. Disney Animation: John Lasseter's Tricky Tug-of-War|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pixar-disney-animation-john-lasseters-661752|accessdate=December 4, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=December 4, 2013}}</ref> Prior to the official announcement, in May 2013, information about [[Jason Bateman]]'s casting was leaked to the press although little else about the film was known at the time<ref name=THRBateman>{{cite news|last=Kit|first=Borys|title=Disney, 'Tangled' Director Plot New Animated Feature With Jason Bateman (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/disney-tangled-director-plot-new-451665|accessdate=June 1, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=May 3, 2013}}</ref> The idea originated with Howard wanting to do a film similar to Disney's [[Robin Hood (1973 film)|1970s adaptation]] of [[Robin Hood]] which also featured animals in anthropomorphic roles.<ref name=CSD23Press/> With this in mind, the city was envisioned as if animals designed it rather than humans.<ref name=CSD23Press/> According to Howard, ''Zootopia'' will be different from other animal anthropomorphic films, where animals either live in the natural world or in the human world. The concept, where animals live in a modern world designed by animals, was well received by chief creative officer [[John Lasseter]], who lifted Howard "in the air like a baby [[Simba]]" when he proposed the idea for the film.<ref name="EWD232013" /> Research for the film took place in [[Disney's Animal Kingdom]], as well as in [[Kenya]], where animators studied various animals walk cycles as well as fur color.<ref name=Insidemagic>{{cite web|last1=Celestino|first1=Mike|title=With next year’s "Zootopia", Walt Disney Animation Studios promises a different kind of talking animal movie|url=http://www.insidethemagic.net/2015/12/with-next-years-zootopia-walt-disney-animation-studios-promises-a-different-kind-of-talking-animal-movie/|website=Inside the Magic|date=1 December 2015|accessdate=12 December 2015}}</ref>

In March 2015, it was revealed that [[Rich Moore]] (''[[Wreck-It Ralph]]'') had been added as a director of the film, in addition to Jared Bush (''[[Penn Zero: Part-Time Hero]]'') as co-director,<ref name="Synopsis">{{cite news|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/415933-walt-disney-animation-studios-reveals-new-zootopia-concept-art|title=Walt Disney Animation Studios Reveals New Zootopia Concept Art|work=ComingSoon.net|publisher=[[CraveOnline]]|date=March 3, 2015|accessdate=March 11, 2015}}</ref> and that the film's plot had been revised. As announced in 2013, the original plot would have featured a fast-talking fox named Nick Wilde, who goes on the run after being framed for a crime he didn't commit. Zootopia's top cop named Lieutenant Judy Hopps, is hot on his tail, but when both become targets of a conspiracy, they're forced to team up and discover even natural enemies can become best friends.<ref name=CSD23Press /><ref name="EWD232013">{{cite news|last=Bahr|first=Lindsey|title=Disney Animation preview: 'Frozen,' 'Big Hero 6,' at Disney's D23, Plus 'Zootopia' announced|url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2013/08/09/disney-animation-d23/|accessdate=August 9, 2013|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=August 9, 2013}}</ref>

On May 6, 2015, Jason Bateman and Ginnifer Goodwin had been respectively cast as Nick Wilde and Lieutenant Judy Hopps in the film.<ref name=THRGoodwinJoins /> The filmmakers chose Bateman because they wanted an actor who could bring "a funny yet heartfelt side" with "a wily, dry-witted sort of voice". Bateman described his character as "a crafty, sarcastic schemer", remarking similarity to many of his roles he was doing since he was 12.<ref name=USATPairsPals /> "I foolishly said, 'What kind of voice do you guys want me to do?' And they just looked at me like I was an idiot and said, 'Just do what you do. Just talk'".<ref name=USATPairsPals />

Eventually, the producers realized that the film's plot would be better served by focusing on Judy Hopps as a naive but heroic newcomer to the city and how her egalitarian ideals are challenged by Zootopia's prejudices as opposed to Nick Wilde cynically enduring them as an embittered native and the screenplay was changed to make her the lead character.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lussier|first1=Germain|title=How Disney Fixed a Huge Mistake With Zootopia, Just One Year Before Release|url=http://io9.gizmodo.com/how-disney-fixed-a-huge-mistake-with-zootopia-just-one-1753845684|website=io9|publisher=Gizmodo|accessdate=20 January 2016}}</ref> Commenting on the casting of Goodwin, Moore said that she brought "very centered sweetness, tremendous heart and a great sense of humor", describing Judy as "a little [[Pollyanna]] mixed with [[Furiosa (Mad Max)|Furiosa]]". On her character, Goodwin stated "People mistake kindness for naivete or stupidity, and she is a good girl through and through. But she's not a dumb bunny".<ref name=USATPairsPals>{{cite news|last1=Truitt|first1=Brian|title=Sneak peek: 'Zootopia' pairs unlikely pals|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2015/06/09/zootopia-exclusive-sneak-peek/28709913/|accessdate=July 25, 2015|work=USA Today|date=June 9, 2015}}</ref> In July 2015, Alan Tudyk has announced that he would join the cast;<ref>{{cite news|url=http://collider.com/alan-tudyk-voicing-roles-in-zootopia-and-moana/|title=Alan Tudyk Confirms Voice Roles in ZOOTOPIA and MOANA|last=Goldberg|first=Matt|date=July 9, 2015|accessdate=July 9, 2015|publisher=[[Collider.com]]}}</ref> his character's name was revealed to be Duke Weaselton.<ref name=DeadlineCast />

===Music===
{{Expand section|Track listing|date=March 2016}}
The film's score is composed by [[Michael Giacchino]].<ref name=USATGiacchinoScore>{{cite news|last1=Truitt|first1=Brian|title=Michael Giacchino to score Disney's 'Zootopia'|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2015/11/16/michael-giacchino-disney-zootopia-animated-movie/75873332/|accessdate=November 16, 2015|work=USA Today|date=November 16, 2015}}</ref> It marks his first feature-length project for Walt Disney Animation Studios,<ref name=USATGiacchinoScore/> as he previously scored the [[Goofy]] short ''[[How to Hook Up Your Home Theater]]'', the two ''[[Prep & Landing]]'' specials and short film, and the short film ''[[The Ballad of Nessie]]''. In addition to her voice role of Gazelle, pop star [[Shakira]] also contributed an original song to the film titled "Try Everything", which was written by [[Sia Furler|Sia]] and [[Stargate (production team)|Stargate]].<ref name=THRShakira /><ref>{{cite web|title=This News Don't Lie: Shakira is Coming to a Disney Movie Near You|url=http://blogs.disney.com/disney-playlist/2015/08/14/this-news-dont-lie-shakira-is-coming-to-a-disney-movie-near-you/|publisher=Disney Playlist|accessdate=August 15, 2015|date=August 14, 2015}}</ref> The film's score was recorded with an 80-piece orchestra in November 2015, with Tim Simonec conducting.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/633307-disneys-zootopia-lands-composer-michael-giacchino#/slide/1|last=Evry|first=Max|title=Disney’s Zootopia Lands Composer Michael Giacchino|publisher=ComingSoon.net|date=November 16, 2015}}</ref>

{{Infobox album
| Name = Zootopia (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
| Type = [[Soundtrack album]]
| Artist = [[Michael Giacchino]]
| Cover = File:Zootopia_Soundtrack.jpg
| Released = {{Start date|2016|03|04}}
| Recorded = November 16, 2015 – November 20, 2015
| Studio = Eastwood Scoring Stage, [[Warner Bros.]], Los Angeles
| Genre = [[Film score]]
| Length = 62:34
| Label = [[Walt Disney Records]]
}}

==Release==
''Zootopia'' was released on February 10, 2016 in Belgium,<ref name="De Redactie">{{cite news|url=http://deredactie.be/cm/vrtnieuws.english/videozone_ENG/1.2569320|title=Belgium first to see Disney’s Zootropolis|work=ScreenDaily|publisher=[[De Redactie]]|date=February 10, 2016|accessdate=February 10, 2016}}</ref> on February 12, 2016 in Spain, on February 17, 2016 in France, and on February 18, 2016 in Italy. The United States followed on March 4, 2016.<ref name="zoo">{{cite news|last1=Yamato|first1=Jen|title=Disney Dates 2016 Animated Pics ‘Zootopia’ & ‘Moana’|url=http://deadline.com/2014/11/disney-2016-zootopia-moana-1201280412/|accessdate=November 10, 2014|publisher=deadline.com|date=November 10, 2014}}</ref>
The film's European title, ''Zootropolis'', was released in Finland on March 4, 2016, and across other European countries on [[Good Friday|March 25]], 2016; six weeks after the initial theatrical release in Belgium.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2948356/?ref_=nv_sr_1|title=Zootropolis (2016)|work=Internet Movie Database|date=December 14, 2015|accessdate=December 31, 2015}}</ref>

''Zootopia'' was released in [[Disney Digital 3D]], [[RealD 3D]], and [[IMAX 3D]], making it the first animated Disney film since ''[[Treasure Planet]]'' to be shown in domestic [[IMAX]] theatres.<ref name="zoo">{{cite news|last1=Yamato|first1=Jen|title=Disney Dates 2016 Animated Pics ‘Zootopia’ & ‘Moana’|url=http://deadline.com/2014/11/disney-2016-zootopia-moana-1201280412/|accessdate=November 10, 2014|publisher=deadline.com|date=November 10, 2014}}</ref><ref name="nasdaq1"/>

===Marketing===
The first teaser trailer was released online at Walt Disney Animation Studios' [[YouTube]] page on June 11, 2015,<ref>Walt Disney Animation Studio, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9lmhBYB11U "Zootopia US Teaser Trailer"]</ref> and theatrically with [[Pixar]]'s ''[[Inside Out (2015 film)|Inside Out]]''.

A second teaser trailer was released online again at Walt Disney Animation Studios' YouTube page on November 23, 2015,<ref>Walt Disney Animation Studio, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bY73vFGhSVk "Zootopia Official US Sloth Trailer"]</ref> (and theatrically with Pixar's ''[[The Good Dinosaur]]'') featuring a sequence of the film where the main characters encounter a Department of Mammal Vehicles (based on the [[Department of Motor Vehicles|DMV]]) run entirely by sloths. The official theatrical trailer for the film was released online at Walt Disney Animation Studios' YouTube page on [[New Year's Eve]] 2015.<ref>Walt Disney Animation Studio, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWM0ct-OLsM "Zootopia Official US Trailer #2"]</ref> Figures of Judy Hopps and Nick Wilde were released for ''[[Disney Infinity 3.0]]'' on March 1, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gameinformer.com/games/disney_infinity_30/b/playstation4/archive/2015/08/16/good-dinosaur-zootopia-and-peter-pan-on-the-way.aspx|last=Hilliard|first=Kyle|title=Good Dinosaur, Zootopia, And Peter Pan On The Way|work=[[Game Informer]]|date=August 15, 2015}}</ref>

A [[digital marketing]] company, Allied Integrated Media, was contracted by Disney to reach out to members of the [[furry fandom]] on [[Meetup (website)|Meetup]], encouraging them to post photos of themselves in their [[fursuits]] on social media, with the movie hashtag, as a form of [[viral marketing]] for the movie.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Notopoulos|first1=Katie|title=Proof Disney Is Actually Marketing “Zootopia” To Furries|url=http://www.buzzfeed.com/katienotopoulos/proof-disney-is-actually-marketing-zootopia-to-furries#.fw13YbMro|website=[[BuzzFeed]]|publisher=BuzzFeed, Inc|accessdate=4 March 2016|date=2 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303121845/http://www.buzzfeed.com/katienotopoulos/proof-disney-is-actually-marketing-zootopia-to-furries|archivedate=3 March 2016|dead-url=no}}</ref>

===Junior novelization===
{{expand section|date=March 2016}}
A Junior Novelization of ''Zootopia''' was released.

==Reception==
===Box office===
{{Asof|2016|3|11|df=US}}, ''Zootopia'' has grossed $104.6 million in North America and $207.1 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $311.7 million.<ref name=BOM />

====North America====
In the United States and Canada, pre-release tracking suggested the film would open to $60–70 million from 3,827 theaters in its opening weekend.<ref name="PPP"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-preview-can-london-870594|title=Box-Office Preview: Can 'London Has Fallen' Redeem Gerard Butler After 'Gods of Egypt'?|author=Pamela McClintock|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 3, 2016|accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> It played in 3,100 3D theaters, 365 IMAX theaters and 325 premium large formats screens.<ref name="PPP">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/03/zootopia-london-has-fallen-box-office-preview-whiskey-tango-foxtrot-deadpool-1201712794/|title=Disney Unleashed: ‘Zootopia’ Toon Expected To Roar Past $60M – Weekend Preview|author=Anthony D'Alessandro|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|date=March 2, 2016|accessdate=March 3, 2016}}</ref> It earned $1.7 million from Thursday previews, a record for a non-Pixar Disney animated film,<ref name="Zoo">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/03/weekend-box-office-zootopia-london-has-fallen-whiskey-tango-foxtrot-1201714373/|title=‘Zootopia’ $70M Opening Is A Record For Original Disney Toon; ‘London’ Raises $22M; ‘Whiskey’ Trips – Friday Night B.O.|author=Anthony D'Alessandro|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|date=March 4, 2016|accessdate=March 5, 2016}}</ref> for an animated film opening outside of summer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-zootopia-roars-friday-872657|title=Box Office: 'Zootopia' Roars Friday for Huge $63M-$65M Weekend|author=Pamela McClintock and Rebecca Ford|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 4, 2016|accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> and seventh biggest all-time for an animated film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=4163&p=.htm|title=Disney's 'Zootopia' Targets March Animated Opening Record|author=Brad Brevet|work=''[[Box Office Mojo]]''|date=March 3, 2016|accessdate=March 5, 2016}}</ref> Buoyed by good [[word of mouth]], it earned $19.5 million on its opening day, also a record for a non-Pixar Disney animated film (breaking ''[[Frozen (2013 film)|Frozen]]''{{'}}s record),<ref name="Zoo"/> and the second biggest for a March animated film (behind ''[[Ice Age: The Meltdown]]'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2016/03/05/box-office-zootopia-could-score-75m-weekend-after-mammoth-19-5m-friday/#393fc0f9abcf|title=Box Office: 'Zootopia' Could Score $75M Weekend After Mammoth $19.5M Friday|author=Scott Mendelson|work=[[Forbes]]|date=March 5, 2016|accessdate=March 6, 2016}}</ref> In its opening weekend, it scored a better than expected $75.1 million which is the biggest non-Pixar Disney animated opening (breaking ''[[Big Hero 6 (film)|Big Hero 6]]''{{'}}s record), the biggest non-Pixar Disney animated single weekend (breaking ''[[Frozen (2013 film)|Frozen]]''{{'}}s record), the biggest March animated opening (breaking ''[[The Lorax (film)|Dr. Seuss' The Lorax]]'' record), the fourth biggest March opening and the ninth biggest animated opening of all time.<ref name="OOO">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/03/weekend-box-office-zootopia-london-has-fallen-whiskey-tango-foxtrot-1201714373/|title=‘Zootopia’ $75.1M Opening Is A Record For Original Disney Toon; Pushes 2016 Past $2 Billion Mark – Monday B.O.|author=Anthony D'Alessandro|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|date=March 7, 2016|accessdate=March 8, 2016}}</ref><ref name="BOOM">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=4164&p=.htm|title='Zootopia' Scores Disney Animation's Largest Opening Ever|author=Brad Brevet|work=''[[Box Office Mojo]]''|date=March 6, 2016|accessdate=March 7, 2016}}</ref> Furthermore, its opening weekend is also the third biggest for an original film, behind only ''[[Inside Out (2015 film)|Inside Out]]'' and ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2016/03/06/weekend-box-office-zootopia-nabs-record-breaking-73m-debut-and-a-232m-worldwide-total/#2b10dd5538f1|title=Weekend Box Office: 'Zootopia' Nabs Record-Breaking $73M US Debut For $232M Worldwide Total|author=Scott Mendelson|work=[[Forbes]]|date=March 6, 2016|accessdate=March 7, 2016}}</ref> It also performed exceptionally well in IMAX where the film brought in $5.2 million from 366 screens, the second best animated IMAX opening behind only ''[[Toy Story 3]]''{{'}}s $8.4 million.<ref name="BOOM"/>

====Outside North America====
Internationally, ''Zootopia'' is receiving a scattered release. This was done by Disney in order to take advantage of school holidays in various markets. It began opening in a very limited number of international markets in the weekend ending February 14, earning $4.5 million from 3 markets.<ref name="Overseas7thOpening">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/02/deadpool-zoolander-2-how-to-be-single-opening-international-box-office-1201702508/|title=‘Deadpool,’ ‘Zoolander 2,’ ‘How To Be Single’ All Jump Higher – Int’l Box Office Final
|author=Anita Busch|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|date=February 16, 2016|accessdate=February 17, 2016}}</ref> It expanded to 22 markets in its second weekend, which is 36% of its total international markets and added $31.2 million.<ref name="Overseas8thOpening">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/02/deadpool-zootopia-mermaid-hail-caesar-international-box-office-overseas-weekend-results-1201706617/|title=‘Deadpool’ Scores $85.3M In 2nd Offshore Frame; Nears $500M Global – Intl Box Office|author=Nancy Tartaglione|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|date=February 21, 2016|accessdate=February 22, 2016}}</ref> It added another $33 million in its third weekend with no new markets added.<ref name="Overseas9thOpening">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/02/gods-of-egypt-deadpool-zootopia-mermaid-international-box-office-overseas-weekend-resuts-1201710506/|title=‘Deadpool’ At $609M Global; ‘Gods Of Egypt’ Bows To $24M, ‘Zootopia’ Lands $33M 3rd Frame – Int’l B.O. Final|author=Nancy Tartaglione|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|date=February 28, 2016|accessdate=March 1, 2016}}</ref> In its fourth weekend, it expanded to 45 countries and grossed $64.7 million coming in second place at the international box office, behind the Chinese film ''[[Ip Man 3]]''.<ref name="Overseas10thOpening">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/03/zootopia-biggest-debut-ever-china-russia-disney-animation-llondon-has-fallen-international-box-office-1201715311/|title=‘Zootopia’ Is Disney Animation Champ; ‘Mermaid’ Makes History; Best Picture ‘Spotlight’ Wins Big — Int’l Box Office Final|author=Anita Busch|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|date=March 6, 2016|accessdate=March 7, 2016}}</ref> $3.3 million came from IMAX showings.<ref name="Overseas10thOpening"/>

In its opening weekend – which varies between markets – it grossed $3.1 million in Spain and an additional $1.7 million in Belgium and Denmark. In Belgium, it scored the biggest ever animated opening for a Disney or Pixar movie.<ref name="Overseas7thOpening"/> It broke opening records for a non-Pixar Disney animated film in China ($23.6 million), France ($8.7 million) Russia ($7.9 million), Germany ($6.8 million), Poland ($1.2 million) and India.<ref name="Overseas8thOpening"/><ref name="Overseas10thOpening"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/russia-box-office-zootopia-opens-873849|title=Russia Box Office: 'Zootopia' Opens to Record $7.9M
|author=Vladimir Kozlov|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 9, 2016|accessdate=March 10, 2016}}</ref> Elsewhere, Mexico opened with $4.6 million and Italy opened on a non-holiday weekend to $3.3 million.<ref name="Overseas8thOpening"/> Morevover, it had No. 1 openings in Austria, Switzerland, Portugal and South Africa.<ref name="Overseas10thOpening"/> In China where it was locally known as 疯狂动物城 (''Crazy Animal City''),<ref name="PRC">{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2016/03/08/zootopia-stampedes-across-china-to-record-box-office-results/#20377f2813fc|title='Zootopia' Stampedes Across China to Record Box Office Results|author=Rob Cain|work=[[Forbes]]|date=March 8, 2016|accessdate=March 9, 2016}}</ref> it exceeded expectations<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/china-box-office-ip-man-873060|title=China Box Office: 'Ip Man 3' Opens to $75M Amid Fraud Allegations, 'The Mermaid' First to Cross $500M|author=Patrick Brzeski|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 6, 2016|accessdate=March 7, 2016}}</ref> and had an opening day of $3.4 million on its way to $23.8 million for its three day opening weekend, debuting in second place behind ''[[Ip Man 3]]'' and scored the biggest non-sequel animated opening and the second biggest three day opening for an animated film as well as the second biggest animated IMAX opening ($3 million from 278 screens), both behind ''[[Kung Fu Panda 3]]''.<ref name="Overseas10thOpening"/><ref name="PRC"/> In its ninth day of release (a Saturday) it recorded the biggest single day gross ever for an animated film with $25 million (compared to $10.6 million on its first Saturday) and passed the liftefime total of ''[[Big Hero 6 (film)|Big Hero 6]]'' to become the highest-grossing Disney animated film in China.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-zootopia-roars-record-874827|title=Box Office: 'Zootopia' Roars to Record $25M Saturday in China, Nears $100M|author=Pamela McClintock|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 12, 2016|accessdate=March 13, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/03/zootopia-100-million-china-box-office-single-day-record-1201719363/|title=‘Zootopia’ Bunny-Hopping To $100M+ In China; Sets Single-Day Animation Record|author=Nancy Tartaglione|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|date=March 12, 2016|accessdate=March 13, 2016}}</ref>

In terms of total earnings outside of North America, ''Zootopia'''s largest markets are China ($89 million), followed by France ($22.4 million) and Russia with ($16.7 million).<ref name="RRSS">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/03/zootopia-crossing-300m-globally-100m-domestic-200m-international-1201718635/|title=‘Zootopia’ Crossing $300M Globally Today For Disney Animation|author=Anita Busch|work=''[[Deadline.com]]''|date=March 11, 2016|accessdate=March 12, 2016}}</ref> It will open next in Australia and Brazil (March 17), the United Kingdom and Ireland (March 25), and Japan (April 23).<ref name="RRSS"/>

===Critical response===
''Zootopia'' received critical acclaim.<ref name="forbes"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/03/04/zootopia-reviews-roundup |title=Critical Mass: Is Zootopia another paradise for animation lovers?|work=ew.com|author=Jonathon Dornbush|accessdate=March 6, 2016}}</ref> On [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film has a rating of 99%, based on 147 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The consensus statement reads, "The brilliantly well-rounded ''Zootopia'' offers a thoughtful, inclusive message that's as rich and timely as its sumptuously state-of-the-art animation – all while remaining fast and funny enough to keep younger viewers entertained."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/zootopia/|title=Zootopia|website=Rotten Tomatoes|accessdate=March 11, 2016}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film has a score of 78 out of 100, based on 39 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/zootopia |title=Zootopia reviews |website=Metacritic |accessdate=March 7, 2016}}</ref> On [[CinemaScore]], audiences gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/03/weekend-box-office-zootopia-london-has-fallen-whiskey-tango-foxtrot-1201714373/ |title=‘Zootopia’ $73.7M Opening Sets Record For Original Disney Toon; ‘London’ Raises $21.7M; ‘Whiskey’ Trips |work=deadline.com}}</ref>

[[Neil Genzlinger]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' considered the movie "funny, smart, [and] thought-provoking."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/04/movies/zootopia-review.html|title=Review: In ''Zootopia'', an Intrepid Bunny Chases Her Dreams|date=March 3, 2016|author=[[Neil Genzlinger]]|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]''{{'s}} [[Peter Travers]] wrote that ''Zootopia'' "may be the most subversive movie of" 2016, praising its timely message about the harm of prejudice in the face of the prevailing xenophobic political rhetoric at the time of the film's release and the film's humor.<ref name="rollingstone1"/> Mark Hughes, writing for ''[[Forbes]]'', found it the best Disney feature since ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'', extolling its "wonderfully imaginative and joyfully expressive animation, consistently smart humor, instantly lovable and interesting characters, and remarkable commentary on race and culture."<ref name="forbes">{{cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/markhughes/2016/03/03/review-zootopia-is-the-best-disney-film-since-beauty-and-the-beast/#2139ef395e0f|title=Review: 'Zootopia' Is The Best Disney Film Since 'Beauty And The Beast'|date=March 3, 2016|author=Mark Hughes|work=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> Peter Debruge at ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' opined that ''Zootopia'' "plays directly to the studio's strengths."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/zootopia-film-review-1201703504/|title=Film Review: ‘Zootopia’|date=February 12, 2016|author=Peter Debruge|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> [[IGN]] reviewer Eric Goldman gave the film a 9.0 out of 10 'Amazing' score, saying "Zootopia is a wonderful example of how Disney, at its best, can mix its past and present together in a very cool, compelling way. It takes the classic animation trope of animals walking, talking and acting like humans, but gives it a modern spin both in terms of its humor and animation style...and also in its themes, which are meaningful and fascinatingly topical."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2016/02/29/zootopia-review|title=Zootopia Review|publisher=IGN|author=Eric Goldman|date=February 29, 2016|accessdate=March 6, 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://disney.com/zootopia}}
*{{IMDb title|2948356|Zootopia}}
*{{bcdb title|151185|Zootopia}}

{{Disney theatrical animated features}}
{{Walt Disney Animation Studios}}
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Talk:Mall of America

2014-06-23T06:31:39Z

Luch4: /* Trivia */ new section

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{{WikiProject Shopping Centers|class=B
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{{WikiProject Minnesota|importance=High
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{{WikiProject Professional wrestling|class=Start|importance=Low}}
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"the mall receives 40 million visitors annually while the Minneapolis-St. Paul metro only receives 18 million visitors each year" -- this makes no sense. The Mall of America is in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metro area, so the people visiting the mall are a subset of visitors to the Minneapolis-St. Paul metro area. There's no way that a super-set can be smaller than one of its components. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/129.176.151.28|129.176.151.28]] ([[User talk:129.176.151.28|talk]]) 19:03, 7 November 2013 (UTC) 

==Meetup==
'''[[October 29]], [[2006]] Wikipedia [[Wikipedia:Meetup/Minneapolis|Minnesota Meetup location]]'''

==Size==
"Second-largest" prompts the obvious question. [[User:Michael Hardy|Michael Hardy]] 00:39 Jan 20, 2003 (UTC)

:[[West Edmonton Mall]] in [[Edmonton, Alberta]].

::Built by the same group of entrepreneurs, I believe. [[User:Michael Hardy|Michael Hardy]] 02:20 Jan 20, 2003 (UTC)

::And it's just had the zoning approved for another expansion, so don't any of you think of trying to beat us, either. :) [[User:Bryan Derksen|Bryan]]

:::Any reliable intelligence on what that expansion will be? I've heard rumors for years. It's never just "more stores". I've heard that apartments will be attached, so that you can live at the MegaMall. I've also heard that it will have a water park. I'll believe it when I see it with my own eyes. - [[User:Eisnel|Eisnel]] 11:39, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)

BTW, to all you Twin Cities folk: Does everyone call it "The MegaMall"? If so, that might be a neat tidbit to include. =o) - [[User:Eisnel|Eisnel]]
:Yes, we do call it the Megamall. it's a fairly common turn of phrase. [[User:The_shaggy_one|The_Shaggy_One]]
:We do call it the Megamall, that's for sure. But, contrary to the claims of this article, when I say I'm going to the mall, I usually mean Ridgedale. I've found that most people who don't live in the bloomington area (i.e.: those with convienent access to the '-dales', Eden Prarie Center, Nicollet Mall, etc.) avoid MOA for most shopping outings. [[User:Lekoman|Lekoman]] 02:52, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
::I'll second this. When I was living in Minneapolis, "The Mall" was ambiguous. It ''usually'' mean the MOA, but often refered to Rosedale as well. If one was specifically refering to MOA, "Megamall" seemed to be the most common slange. -- [[User:Kaszeta|Kaszeta]] 13:07, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Although "megamall" is still being used by a very few. The new cool slang that is being used is just "MOA". Megamall is just too 90's, by now, everyone in Minnesota knows it's big. And after going to it countless times, the Megamall just doesn't seem to Mega anymore. Therefore, Going to the MOA is a more common term. So to answer your question, no everyone does not call it the megamall. January 2006
*WCCO radio reporters used the term "Megamall" in early January when they reported the renaming of Camp Snoopy. [[User:Wahkeenah|Wahkeenah]] 05:03, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

Reporters may use megamall, but amongst my peers, I agree that moa is used alot more. "Megamall" is too cheesy. Maybe its that generation Y'ers are using moa more, and baby boomers are using "megamall". January 25 2006
*[[Moa]] is an extinct bird, which is ironic considering that the ''Wall Street Journal'' writer a couple of years referred to the MOA as a "dinosaur". So, do you pronounce it "M-O-A", or do you say "MOW-AH" like the bird? Or like a "New Yawkuh" trying to say "More", as in "Mega"? :) [[User:Wahkeenah|Wahkeenah]] 07:18, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

:I say it as "M-O-A", and most people around here seem to do the same. [[User:The shaggy one|shaggy]] 19:23, 25 January 2006 (UTC)
::Interesting. "Mo-ah" is faster. They could rename their fish petting zoo "MoA's Ark". [[User:Wahkeenah|Wahkeenah]] 23:58, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

*That's creative name! Perhaps you should suggest it for their petting area. 29 January 2006

*I think people would still call it M-O-A's Ark. 30 January 30 3006 [[User:Mall Lover|Mall Lover]]

*I cannot find any information on the exact foot print of the building and/or parking. How much actual land area does this facility take? — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/71.20.27.13|71.20.27.13]] ([[User talk:71.20.27.13|talk]]) 17:03, 27 March 2012 (UTC) 

----
For the phase II concept, I highly doubt they will have a waterpark inside of it. Across the street, the brand new Waterpark of America (not associated with the mall) is being built. The Waterpark of America is also being built with a hotel. Therefore, taking away any chances that the Mall of America will build their own waterpark. February 08 2006 [[User:Mineeesota|Mineeesota]]

*Not true. Plans submitted in May 2006 show a water park. See [http://www.ci.bloomington.mn.us/cityhall/dept/commdev/topics/moa_ph2/moa_ph2.htm] for details. --[[User:Stevep001|Steve Peterson]] 02:54, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

== West Edmington Mall references removed (Edmington... where's that?) ==

I removed all of the insulting language here, which was well, EVERYTHING written here. If someone is going to edit an article, then EDIT it. This is NOT the place to bandy about insults. If you see a problem, (Which in this case was the misspelling of the word "Edmonton") Then FIX IT WITHOUT ADDING COMMENTARY LIKE "AMERICAN SCHOOLS DON'T TEACH".

Do we really need so many editors with a Quatloo complex? WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A CLIQUE!
the mall of america has 300 stores
[[User:Osirisrising|Osirisrising]] ([[User talk:Osirisrising|talk]]) 18:49, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

:Edmington is in Alberto, Canadia. [[User:Baseball Bugs|Baseball Bugs]] ''[[User talk:Baseball Bugs|What's up, Doc?]]'' 03:02, 28 September 2008 (UTC)

== Rollercoaster Accident? ==

Wasn't there a rollercoaste accident on a coaster in Mall of America? I might be confused with another mall but I know there was one in the 80s that derailed and killed some people. Does anyone know any insight into what I have described? - Thanks --[[User:X1987x|x1987x]] 17:28, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)
:Gee, nevermind. [[http://www.coasterbuzz.com/rollback.htm]] Mindbender coaster in the West Edmonton Mall. hehe.
::I don't recall any rollercoaster accidents, but the "Mighty Axe" has had quite a few incidents in which is has gotten stuck upside down with riders on it (apparently it has a safety brake that kicked in). This happened at least three times between it's intro and 2001 when I left the area. -- [[User:Kaszeta|Kaszeta]] 13:07, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Two people have died in the Mall of Americ's Camp Snoopy, both young boys. One was a suicide, and he jumped from the Log Ride, the other I'm unsure of the exact location, there are memorials to both boys in the camp.

==Updated info==
With the exception of Hooters, all the bars, restaurants, and nightclubs on the 4th floor have closed down. Jillians (who owned just about every club on the floor) had declared bankruptcy last year, so they were on thin ice financially as it was, and the new law in Hennepin County which included bars in the state's public smoking ban nailed Jillians' coffin shut. So now all that's on the 4th floor is Hooters and AMC.
[[User:EmiOfBrie|EmiOfBrie]] 07:11, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

I was just up there a couple days ago and noticed all the night club windows had black plastic over them, but there are still large conference rooms in use.

== Actual Size ==

According to [http://www.easternct.edu/depts/amerst/MallsLarge.htm this] website, information regarding the [[King of Prussia Mall]], Mall of America, and [[Woodfield Mall]] is incorrect. Perhaps we should check this information and update accordingly? [[User:Ajwebb|Ajwebb]] 18:11, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

== Camp Snoopy ==

The MOA lost rights to use the Peanuts franchise recently. It's been temporarily renamed "The Park at MOA". This section should be re-written from scratch [[User:The shaggy one|shaggy]] 07:30, 13 January 2006 (UTC)
*So, what's stopping you? [[User:Wahkeenah|Wahkeenah]] 08:44, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

== Source needed. ==

I removed this unsourced assertion:
:''A few years ago a ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' writer described the style of the MOA as a "stegosaurus," although it remains a popular attraction.''
Feel free to replace when sourced. —''[[User:Encephalon|'''Encephalon''']] 06:49, 13 April 2006 (UTC)''

=="Formerly contained the restaurants..."==

Could Minnesota Picnic be added to this list? [[User:Vulcanlad|Chris]] 23:35, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

Please add a section on the rumored 'secrets of the mall of america' aka 'the darkside of the megamall', like the tunnels, etc. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:68.9.59.55|68.9.59.55]] ([[User talk:68.9.59.55|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/68.9.59.55|contribs]]) 
*Feel free to do some research and add the info to the article. [[User:Wahkeenah|Wahkeenah]] 03:54, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

==Original research==
Overall I think that this is a really good article, but I've placed an "original research" tag on it since it seems to make a lot of unsourced assertions. Can we please find some more references to show where the information is coming from, and to prove notability? I'm not saying that the mall ''isn't'' famous -- just that right now this article is way way outside of [[WP:V]]. --[[User:Elonka|Elonka]] 18:49, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

:It needs footnotes (so do a lot of articles), but it's very far from original research, which is a very specific concept. As such, I've removed the tag as inappropriate. [[User:Rebecca|Rebecca]] 23:53, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

== Most visited mall innacurate? ==

I was reading about the Ala Moana Center in Hawaii on wikipedia, and it stated that the Ala Moana Center gets 56 million visitors annually...

== Dinosaur Walk Museum ==
We were at MOA last night and the Dinosaur Walk museum was closed and shuttered. A few weeks ago it was still open. Anyone know what's up with that area? I'm still lamenting the closing of Golf Mountain... --[[User:Rehcsif|Rehcsif]] 21:17, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

== Section Merge ==

Should we merge the Square Footage / square metrage and Anchors section since most mall articles have the square feet after the anchor. Ex.
*[[Wal-Mart]](100,000 Square Feet)
Metallic95 [[User:Metallic95|User Page]] | [[User talk:Metallic95|Talk]] 04:26, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

== Operation hours ==

Just curious, does the mall of america ever close?
If it does close, than how does it stay warm because from what I understand, the light fixtures and heat from the people walking inside the mall are the only heaters for the building.

: In Minnesota we've learned how to build efficient buildings that lose very little heat and capture maximum daylight during the day. The Mall hours change regularly of course but stores generally close around 9pm. The building stays unlocked usually until midnight. It use to open until 2am on most nights because of the fourth level bars. Still, there is so much building mass, electrical components, and ambient lighting during the eight hours of being closed that it is unlikely to ever freeze. With the raw cubic feet of the mall as well, the air would take many days before it would become freezing. Much of the building shell is buffered by service hallways and in turn is buffered by stores. So the interior air of the walkways and Camp Snoopy is well insulated. [[User:75.72.162.175|75.72.162.175]] 07:32, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

From the way the Mall's about page is written (http://www.mallofamerica.com/about/community) the primary heat source for the mall is solar heat, with the electric appliances making up any difference when people aren't in there. My understanding is the HVAC system has to run in cool mode (which could mean simply sucking cold outside air in) even on the coldest day of winter when the mall is occupied with the general public.
[[User:P38fln|P38fln]] ([[User talk:P38fln|talk]]) 00:03, 2 May 2012 (UTC)

== Someone took off my part in the article...WHY? ==

I wrote about the rides, thrill, family, kiddie, and I don't know why its gone now. What happened?
--[[User:Gamekid|Gamekid]] 01:54, 27 July 2007 (UTC)
:A wiki encyclopedic article is pretty dry, factual, etc. It's not a place to hurrah or emotionally discuss how much the mall rocks. [[User:Davumaya|.:DavuMaya:.]] 15:27, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

== Additions ==

This article info should get sourced in http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/08/realestate/commercial/08mall.html?n=Top/News/Business/Companies/Simon%20Property%20Group,%20Inc. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Davumaya|Davumaya]] ([[User talk:Davumaya|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Davumaya|contribs]]) 17:10, 29 October 2007 (UTC) 

== retail space ==

Our article on [[Woodfield Mall]] says that it is the third largest in terms of retail space. So one of the articles is wrong. [[User:John Kenney|john k]] ([[User talk:John Kenney|talk]]) 07:15, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

== Spam ==
The recent attempts by IP addresses, to post a reference to some book and video, look like "[[Wikipedia:Coatrack|coatrack]]" attempts to post spam, i.e. to try to sell a product. Note the POV wording and that the thrust of the paragraph is not actually about the MOA, but about the author's attempt to sell something. [[User:Baseball Bugs|Baseball Bugs]] ''[[User talk:Baseball Bugs|What's up, Doc?]]'' 10:37, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

== No Heating Citation ==

The cited source ([http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2006-10/2006-10-10-voa42.cfm?CFID=210482910&CFTOKEN=86992807]) says:
:During the winter months, when temperatures in Minneapolis rarely climb about freezing, it remains warm inside the mall, even without a heating system. "Can you imagine a building this large, in the state of Minnesota, is not heated, even in January and February!" spokesman Daniel Jasper exclaims. "We heat the mall through our skylights and through body heat of all of our customers and light bulbs. Believe it or not! We don't have a central furnace."
I'm reverting the recent edit removing this and removing the failed verification tag. A separate source can be found for the Air conditioning claim. [[User:The shaggy one|shaggy]] ([[User talk:The shaggy one|talk]]) 01:01, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

:Yes you reverted the air conditioning sentence which I removed, not the heating sentence. The reason is, I believe it is hear say and not an actual definitive fact. I think it's been propagated here for so long and no one has bothered to remove it. In doing a google search, all I find are other wiki-like websites that have copied the sentence verbatim. I don't believe this is an actual fact, there is no primary source for it. Most likely if the mall was hot during the winter, they'd just circulate outside air (duh). I don't understand why air conditioning would need to be used if outside air is chilly. I'm asking for Consensus to remove the sentence altogether. [[User:Davumaya|.:davumaya:.]] 03:18, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

:Here you go - official, from the mall of america itself - "No central heating system"
http://www.mallofamerica.com/about/community
[[User:P38fln|P38fln]] ([[User talk:P38fln|talk]]) 00:05, 2 May 2012 (UTC)

:If someone gets real desparate, they could maybe contact the Mall and find out. [[User:Baseball Bugs|Baseball Bugs]] ''[[User talk:Baseball Bugs|What's up, Doc?]]'' 04:54, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

::Generally, you don't delete information just because you feel it isn't right. Give someone time to do the research and find a proper source, within a reasonable time. Finding the required information might take longer than 40 hours. [[User:The shaggy one|shaggy]] ([[User talk:The shaggy one|talk]]) 05:13, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

:::The information was added a long time ago, see this edit in 2005 [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall_of_America&diff=15455196&oldid=15410404]. In three years and dozens of editors the air conditioning fact still has not been resolved, I doubt another few days will do anything more. It's become a myth. [[User:Davumaya|.:davumaya:.]] 14:41, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

:The information comes from a presentation on The History Channel. I can neither remember the show nor the date, but it has been some time since I have seen it. 4 June 09 —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/152.14.232.100|152.14.232.100]] ([[User talk:152.14.232.100|talk]]) 09:35, 4 June 2009 (UTC) 

Here's a similar citation from WCCO [http://wcco.com/consumer/heating.costs.cold.2.638318.html] which has a notable disclaimer - the individual stores DO have heating. It's the common areas of the mall that lack a heating system. That changes the picture considerably. [[User:Baseball Bugs|Baseball Bugs]] ''[[User talk:Baseball Bugs|What's up, Doc?]]'' [[Special:Contributions/Baseball_Bugs|carrots]] 10:15, 4 June 2009 (UTC)

== Notable attractions ==
I removed non-notable attractions at MOA that appeared to be thinly veiled linkspam. --[[Special:Contributions/75.161.191.93|75.161.191.93]] ([[User talk:75.161.191.93|talk]]) 03:13, 15 February 2009 (UTC)
* American Girl Boutique and Bistro (Opened November 2008)
* Mall of America Concert Pavilion
* Moose Mountain 18-hole [[miniature golf]] course.
* The River Church at Mall of America
* [[Wedding chapel]] (called ''Chapel of Love'') —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/75.161.191.93|75.161.191.93]] ([[User talk:75.161.191.93|talk]]) 03:15, 15 February 2009 (UTC) 

i love mall of america cause it is fun to me im gowining may the15 i hope thay seve use stuff like food and dinner cuse im not gitining up its gone take use two days to get there im gone be sleep you here me but im gone get on the rids watch me thoy it just watch me your see me —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/75.21.195.72|75.21.195.72]] ([[User talk:75.21.195.72|talk]]) 22:55, 22 April 2009 (UTC) 
:The above serves as a testatment to our modern educational system. [[User:Baseball Bugs|Baseball Bugs]] ''[[User talk:Baseball Bugs|What's up, Doc?]]'' [[Special:Contributions/Baseball_Bugs|carrots]] 10:11, 4 June 2009 (UTC)

== Crime Statistics ==
Request: I'd like to see a section covering the history of crime in the Mall during the earlier years of the its history. [[Special:Contributions/75.72.53.191|75.72.53.191]] ([[User talk:75.72.53.191|talk]]) 22:42, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

Well then write it, you lazy ass. [[Special:Contributions/86.45.83.23|86.45.83.23]] ([[User talk:86.45.83.23|talk]]) 04:39, 7 July 2009 (UTC)

I work at the Mall of america and we are pretty convinced that there is the ghost of a young girl that visits our store every day or two. Does anyone know if there was ever a suspected kidnapping of a girl from the mall that may have been murdered?

i wouldnt say that i was gonna go but not any more im scared —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/75.120.202.142|75.120.202.142]] ([[User talk:75.120.202.142|talk]]) 04:09, 5 February 2011 (UTC) 

:Actually, it's haunted by a host of ghosts of stores that went bust. ←[[User:Baseball Bugs|Baseball Bugs]] ''[[User talk:Baseball Bugs|What's up, Doc?]]'' [[Special:Contributions/Baseball_Bugs|carrots]]→ 04:34, 5 February 2011 (UTC)

== american girl ==

american girl —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/173.19.84.208|173.19.84.208]] ([[User talk:173.19.84.208|talk]]) 20:54, 14 August 2010 (UTC) 
:I don't know what your saying, but it's there.--99 time 14:29, 9 October 2010 (UTC) —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Rockers99|Rockers99]] ([[User talk:Rockers99|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rockers99|contribs]])  

== Replace the Infobox building with Infobox shopping mall ==

I noticed this article is using [[Template:Infobox building]], and thought I'd suggest that it might be helpful to replace that with [[Template:Infobox shopping mall]] (currently used in ~2400 articles, eg. [[West Edmonton Mall]]). If there are parameters that are missing, then it might be helpful to improve the infobox, so that all shopping centers can benefit. Cheers. :) –[[User:Quiddity|Quiddity]] ([[User talk:Quiddity|talk]]) 01:23, 9 August 2013 (UTC)
:Seems reasonable to me. '''[[User:Ruby2010|Ruby]]''' [[User talk:Ruby2010|2010/]][[Special:Contributions/Ruby2010|2013]] 19:04, 7 November 2013 (UTC)

== Trivia ==

New logo of [[Russian Armed Forces]] is the old logo of Mall of America. (in russian): http://rufabula.com/news/2014/06/22/army-logo

--[[User:Luch4|Luch4]] ([[User talk:Luch4|talk]]) 06:31, 23 June 2014 (UTC)

Volga–Don Canal

2014-04-02T12:17:04Z

Luch4: /* Operation */

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2012}}
{{coord|48|34|12|N|44|09|00|E|region:RU_type:waterbody|display=title|name=end}}
[[File:Volgograd 1979.jpg|thumb|The Volga–Don Canal starts south of Volgograd, near the settlement of Krasnoarmeysk, and runs west and north-west, draining into the Tsimlyansk Reservoir near Volgodonskoy. The proposed Volga–Don II canal (not shown on map) would start north of Volgograd, near Yerzovka.]]
'''Lenin Volga–Don Shipping Canal''' ({{lang-ru|Волго–Донской судоходный канал имени В. И. Ленина, Volga-Donskoy soudokhodniy kanal imeni, V. I. Lenina}}, abbreviated ВДСК, ''VDSK'') is a [[canal]] which connects the [[Volga River]] and the [[Don River, Russia|Don River]] at their closest points. Opened in 1952, the length of the [[waterway]] is 101 km (45 km through [[rivers]] and [[reservoir (water)|reservoirs]]).

The canal forms a part of the Unified Deep Water System of European Russia. Together with the lower Volga and the lower Don, the Volga–Don Canal provides the most direct navigable connection between the [[Caspian Sea]] and the [[Sea of Azov]], and thus the world's oceans.

==History==
As the lower course of the Don approaches the lower course of the Volga near today's [[Volgograd]], the idea of connecting the two rivers by an artificial waterway has a long history. The first recorded canal work was done by the [[Ottoman Turks]] in 1569.
[[Image:Судоходный канал.JPG|thumb|300px|left| Lock No. 14 on the Volga-Don Canal]]

After capturing [[Azov]] in 1696, [[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]] decided to build the canal, but, because of a lack of resources and other problems, this attempt was abandoned in 1701 without success. In 1701, he initiated a second attempt (the so-called ''Ivanovsky Canal'') under the administration of [[Knyaz]] [[Matvey Gagarin]]. Instead of connecting the lower course of the Don with the lower course of the Volga near the present canal, the Ivanovsky Canal connected the upper course of the Don in what is now [[Tula Oblast]]. Between 1702 and 1707, twenty-four [[ship lock|lock]]s were constructed, and, in 1707, about 300 ships passed the canal under remarkably difficult navigation conditions. In 1709 due to financial difficulties caused by the [[Great Northern War]], the project was halted. In 1711, under terms of the [[Treaty of the Pruth]], Russia left Azov and Peter the Great lost all interest in the canal, which was abandoned and fell into ruin.<ref>[http://www.skitalets.ru/books/star_puti/index.htm Plechko L.A. Old water routes], Moscow, 1985. {{ru icon}}</ref><ref>[http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/brokgauz_efron/43688/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9 Ivanovsky Canal] {{ru icon}}</ref> Over time, other projects for connecting the two rivers were proposed, but none was attempted.

The actual construction of today's Volga–Don Canal, designed by [[Sergey Yakovlevich Zhuk|Sergey Zhuk]]'s [[Hydroproject]] Institute, began prior to the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]] campaign of 1941–1945, which would interrupt the process. From 1948 to 1952, construction was completed; navigation was opened 1 June 1952. The canal and its facilities were mostly built by [[gulag]] prisoners. In 1952 the number of convicts employed in construction topped 100,000. A day spent at the construction yard was counted as three days in prison, which spurred prisoners to work. Several convicts were even awarded with [[Order of the Red Banner of Labour]] upon their release.

Upon completion, the Volga–Don Canal became an important link of the Unified Deep Water Transportation System of the [[Europe]]an part of the [[USSR]].

==Operation==
The canal starts at the Sarepta backwater on the Volga River (south of [[Volgograd]]; Lock No. 1 and the gateway arch are at {{coord|48|31|10|N|44|33|10|E|name=start}}) and ends in the [[Tsimlyansk Reservoir]] of the Don River at the town of [[Kalach-na-Donu]]. The canal has nine one-chamber [[canal lock]]s on the Volga slope, which can raise ships 88 m, and four canal locks of the same kind on the Don slope, which can lower ships 44 m. The overall dimensions of the canal locks are smaller than those on the Volga River, however they can pass ships of up to 5,000 [[tonnes]] [[Tonnage#Weight measurements|cargo capacity]]. The smallest locks are 145 m long, 17.0 m wide, and 3.6 m deep. Maximum allowed vessel size is 140 m long, 16.6 m wide and 3.5 m deep (the ''Volgo–Don Max Class'').
[[Image:Volga-don panorama.JPG|thumb|400px|Panorama of the canal]]

The Volga–Don Canal is filled from the Don river; three powerful [[pumping station]]s maintain water levels. Water is also taken from the canal and used for [[irrigation]].

Types of [[cargo]] transported from the Don region to the Volga region include [[coal]] from [[Donetsk]], [[mineral]]s, [[building material]]s, and [[cereal|grain]]. Cargoes from the Volga to the Don include [[lumber]], [[pyrite]]s, and [[petroleum products]] (carried mostly by [[Volgotanker]] boats). Tourist ships travel in both directions.

The Volga–Don Canal, together with the Tsimlyansky water-engineering system (chief architect [[Leonid Polyakov]]), form part of an [[Stalinist architecture|architectural ensemble]] dedicated to the battles for [[Tsaritsyn]] during the [[Russian Civil War]] and for [[Stalingrad]] during the [[German-Soviet War]]. The Russian [[European classical music|classical]] composer [[Sergei Prokofiev]] wrote the [[tone poem]] ''The Meeting of the Volga and the Don'' to celebrate its completion.

According to the Maritime Board (''Morskaya Kollegiya'') of the Russian Government, 10.9 million tonnes of cargo were carried over the Volga–Don Canal in 2004.<ref>[http://www.morskayakollegiya.ru/morsk/morskie_i_rechny/rechnoj_transpor/ Морская коллегия: Речной транспорт] (Maritime Board: River Transport) {{ru icon}}</ref>

An alternate (not necessarily comparable) source claims 8.05 million tonnes of cargo was transported through the canal in total in 2006. Most of the cargo was moved from the east to the west: namely, 7.20 million tonnes were transported through the canal from the Volga/Caspian basin to the Don/Sea of Azov/Black Sea basin, and only 0.85 million tonnes in the opposite direction. Just over half of all cargo was oil or oil products (4.14 million tonnes), predominantly shipped from the Caspian region.<ref>[http://www.kommersant.ru/doc-rss.aspx?DocsID=1045633 "Взвесить все"] (Supplement to the [[Kommersant]] newspaper, No. 195/P(4012), 27.10.2008 {{ru icon}}</ref>

It was reported in 2007 that in the first 55 years of the canal's operations 450,000 vessels had passed through carrying 336 million tonnes of cargo. Recent cargo volume stood at 12 million tonnes a year.<ref>[http://transportrussia.ru/2007-07-12/reaver/evrazia.html «Водный мир» для Евразии] ("Eurasia's 'Water World'"), ''Transport Rossii'', No. 28 (472) 12 July 2007. {{ru icon}}
</ref>
[[File:TeploxodStalina1953.jpg|thumb|300px| Stamp illustration of a [[Lock (water transport)|lock]] on the Volga–Don Canal (1953) ({{coord|47|33|5.84|N|42|08|10.26|E|name=lock}})]]

==Future==
In the 1980s, construction started on a second canal between the Volga and the Don. The new canal, dubbed [[Volga–Don 2]] ({{lang-ru|[[:ru:Волго-Дон 2|Волго-Дон 2]], ''Volgo–Don 2''}}; {{coord|48|56|37|N|44|30|25|E|type:waterbody_region:RU|name=Volgo-Don 2 start}}) would start from the township of Yerzovka on the [[Volgograd Reservoir]], north (upstream) of the [[Volga Hydroelectric Station|Volga Dam]], as opposed to the existing Volga–Don Canal, which starts south (downstream) of the dam.<ref name=godlevsky>Петр ГОДЛЕВСКИЙ, [http://www.businesspress.ru/newspaper/article_mId_21962_aId_440703.html «ВОЛГО-ДОН 2» — ШАГ В БУДУЩЕЕ]. «Торговая газета», номер 4-5(434—435) от 23.01.2008</ref> This canal would reduce the number of locks that ships coming from the [[Volgograd Reservoir]] – or from any other Volga or [[Kama River|Kama]] port farther north – would have to traverse on their way to the Don. The project was abruptly canceled on 1 August 1990 due to financial considerations, although by that time more than 40 percent of allocated funds had already been spent.<ref name=godlevsky/><ref>D. J. Peterson, «Troubled Lands: The Legacy of Soviet Environmental Destruction»[http://www.rand.org/pubs/commercial_books/CB367/chap3.pdf Chapter 3]</ref><ref>[http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=266437 "ВОЛГО-ДОН-II: МЫ СТРОИЛИ, СТРОИЛИ И ЧТО?"] (We have been building... So what?") Журнал «Власть» (''[[Kommersant]]-Vlast'' Magazine), No. 30, 30.07.1990 {{ru icon}}</ref> Since then most of the stone and metal in the abandoned canal and its locks has been looted.<ref>[http://www.rol.ru/news/misc/news/00/11/14_221.htm "Строительство второго Волго-Донского канала, на нужды которого в свое время было затрачено 750 миллионов рублей, было заморожено 10 лет назад. А приехавшие по призыву комсомола люди так и остались там жить."] (14.11.2000)</ref>

As of 2007–2008, Russian authorities are considering two options for increasing the throughput of navigable waterways between the Caspian basin and the Black Sea. One option, for which the name "Volga–Don 2" has been reused, is to build a second parallel channel ("second thread") of the Volga–Don Canal, equipped with larger locks {{convert|300|m|ft}} long. This plan would allow for an increase in the canal's annual cargo throughput from 16.5 million tonnes to 30 million tonnes. The other option, which seems to have more support from [[Kazakhstan]]<ref>[http://www.inform.kz/showarticle.php?lang=eng&id=164835 Nazarbayev insists on Eurasian canal construction] Kazinform, 22 May 2008</ref> (who would be either canal's major customer), is to build the so-called [[Eurasia Canal]] along a more southerly route in the [[Kuma–Manych Depression]], some sections of which currently form part of the much shallower [[Manych Ship Canal]]. Although the second option would require digging a longer canal than Volga–Don, and would be of less use to vessels coming from the Volga, it would provide a more direct connection between the Caspian and the Sea of Azov. The Eurasia Canal would also require fewer locks than the Volga–Don, as elevations in the Kuma–Manych Depression are lower than the Volga–Don area.<ref>[http://www.upi.com/International_Security/Energy/Analysis/2008/02/07/analysis_russia_kazakhs_eye_rival_canals/5702/ Analysis: Russia, Kazakhs eye rival canals]</ref>

==See also==
*[[Volgodonsk]]

==References==
{{kml}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Volga River}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Volga-Don Canal}}
[[Category:Ship canals]]
[[Category:Canals in Russia]]
[[Category:Transport in Volgograd Oblast]]
[[Category:Gulag industry]]
[[Category:Volga basin]]
[[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1952]]

.la

2014-03-19T10:48:09Z

Luch4: /* History */

{{for|the .la file extension|Libtool}}
{{no footnotes|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox top level domain|
name='''.la'''|
background=#CCF|
image=[[Image:Dotla.png|.la]]|
introduced=1996|
type=[[Country code top-level domain]]|
status=Active|
registry=LA Names Corporation|
sponsor=Lao National Internet Committee|
intendeduse=Entities connected with {{LAO}} |
actualuse=Marketed as domain for [[Los Angeles]]|
restrictions=None; some names are reserved as "premium names" at extra cost|
structure=Registrations are taken directly at the second level|
document=[http://www.icann.org/cctlds/la/ ICANN .la MoU]|
disputepolicy=[[UDRP]]|
website=[http://www.la/ www.la]|
dnssec=yes}}
'''.la''' is the [[Internet]] [[country code top-level domain]] (ccTLD) for [[Laos]].<ref>[http://www.laopdr.gov.la/ National Portal of Lao PDR]</ref>

Although the .la domain is officially assigned to the country of Laos, it has also been rented out to some businesses in the city of [[Los Angeles]] in [[Southern California]].<ref name="investvine">{{cite web|url=http://investvine.com/laos-sells-la-domain-to-los-angeles-businesses/|title=Laos rents ‘.la’ Internet domain to Los Angeles businesses|first=Arno|last=Maierbrugger|work=Inside Investor|date=10 July 2013|accessdate=11 July 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6I7VHGyK4|archivedate=2013-07-14|deadurl=no}}</ref> No official or unofficial association exists between the .la domain and any government in the United States (See [[.gov]] and [[.org]]).

The .la domain is also used for [[domain hack]]s in the [[French language]] and the [[Chinese language]]. ''{{linktext|là}}'' means "there" in French, and in other [[Romance languages]]; "{{linktext|啦}}" ({{zh|p=Lā}}) is a common [[modal particle|modal word]] at the end of a sentense or a phrase in [[Mandarin Chinese]] and [[Cantonese]].

[[Mozilla Foundation]]'s URL shortener uses it with the "mzl.la" domain hack. {{Cn|date=December 2013}}

Domain names registered with the .la [[top-level domain]] start at $50.00 and skyrocket for other generic associations. {{Cn|date=December 2013}}

The [[Network information center]] of .la is oriented to pages based in Los Angeles.<ref>http://www.nic.la redirects to https://www.la/. Page https://www.la/e/about uses the slogan ''The Internet Address For Los Angeles''.</ref>

==History==
The LA Names Corporation, based in [[Guernsey]], has gained the rights to market .la registrations, and they had used the registry services of [[Afilias]] and, formerly, the registrar services of [[DreamHost]]. {{Cn|date=December 2013}} However, DreamHost has discontinued registrar services as of May, 2006. LA Names and CentralNic, Ltd. completed the transfer of the .LA domain name to the CentralNic system in 2007<ref>[http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/los-angeles-has-its-own-domain-name-722255.htm]</ref>.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.iana.org/root-whois/la.htm IANA .la whois information]

{{CcTLD}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:La}}
[[Category:Communications in Laos]]
[[Category:Country code top-level domains]]

{{Compu-domain-stub}}

[[sv:Toppdomän#L]]

Third party (U.S. politics)

2013-10-11T14:14:01Z

Luch4: /* Barriers to third party success */

{{Politics of the United States}}
{{Morefootnotes|date=May 2012}}
The term '''third party''' is used in the United States for any and all [[political parties]] in the United States other than one of the two major parties ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]). The term can also refer to [[independent (politician)|independent]] politicians not affiliated with any party at all and to [[write-in candidate]]s.

==Current U.S. third parties==
{{Main|List of political parties in the United States}}
''This list does not include political organizations that do not run candidates for office but otherwise function similarly to third parties. For non-electoral political "parties", [[List of political parties in the United States#Non-electoral organizations|see here]].''

===Largest (voter registration over 75,000)===
* [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]] - [[Libertarianism]], [[laissez-faire]], [[civil liberties|pro-civil rights]], [[anti-war]]
* [[Green Party of the United States]] - [[Green politics]], [[eco-socialism]], [[Progressivism in the United States|progressivism]]
* [[Constitution Party (United States)|Constitution Party]] - [[Social conservatism]], [[Christian right|religious right]], [[paleoconservatism]]

===Smaller parties by ideology===
====Right-wing====
''This section includes any party that advocates positions associated with [[American conservatism]], including both [[Old Right (United States)|Old Right]] and [[New Right]] tendencies.''
*[[America First Party (2002)|America First Party]]
*[[Christian Liberty Party]]
*[[America's Party (political party)|America's Party]]
*[[Independent American Party]]

'''State-only parties'''
*[[Conservative Party of New York]]
*[[Alaskan Independence Party]]

====Centrist====
''This section includes any party that is independent, populist, or any other that either rejects right-left politics or doesn't have a party platform.''
*[[Citizens Party of the United States|Citizens Party]]
*[[Modern Whig Party]]
*[[Reform Party of the United States of America]]
*[[Unity Party of America]]

'''State-only parties'''
*[[Moderate Party of Rhode Island]]
*[[Independence Party of Minnesota]]

====Left-wing====
''This section includes any party that has a liberal (progressive), social democratic, or Marxist platform.''
*[[Working Families Party]]
*[[Socialist Party USA]]
*[[Communist Party USA]]
*[[Socialist Labor Party of America]]*<noinclude>
*[[Party for Socialism and Liberation]]
*[[Peace and Freedom Party]]
*[[Socialist Equality Party (United States)|Socialist Equality Party]]
*[[Socialist Workers Party (United States)|Socialist Workers Party]]
*[[Freedom Socialist Party]]
*[[Socialist Action (United States)|Socialist Action]]
*[[Socialist Alternative (United States)|Socialist Alternative]]
*[[Workers World Party]]
*[[Justice Party (United States)|Justice Party USA]]

'''State-only parties'''
*[[Liberal Party of New York]]
*[[Oregon Progressive Party]]
*[[Vermont Progressive Party]]
*[[Liberty Union Party]]

====Libertarian====
''This section includes parties that primarily advocate [[Libertarianism|libertarian]] policies, or otherwise general reductions in the size and power of the Federal government.''
*[[American Conservative Party (United States)|American Conservative Party]]
*[[Objectivist Party]]

====Ethnic nationalism====
''This section includes parties that primarily advocate for granting special privileges or consideration to members of a certain race, ethnic group, religion etc.''
*[[National Socialist Movement (United States)|National Socialist Movement]]
*[[American Freedom Party]]

Also included in this category are various parties found in and confined to [[Indian reservation]]s, almost all of which are solely devoted to the furthering of the tribes to which the reservations were assigned. An example of a particularly powerful tribal nationalist party is the Seneca Party that operates on the [[Seneca Nation of New York]]'s reservations.<ref name=bn111611>Herbeck, Dan (November 15, 2011). [http://www.buffalonews.com/incoming/article633468.ece Resentments abound in Seneca power struggle]. ''The Buffalo News''. Retrieved November 16, 2011.</ref>

====Single-issue/protest-oriented====
''This section includes parties that primarily advocate [[single-issue politics]] (though they may have a more detailed platform), and/or may seek to attract [[protest votes]] rather than to mount serious political campaigns or advocacy.''
*[[Prohibition Party]]
*[[United States Marijuana Party]]
*[[Pirate Party of the United States]]

'''State-only parties'''
*[[New York State Right to Life Party]]
*[[Rent Is Too Damn High Party]]

==Notable elections==
{{Main|List of third party performances in United States elections}}

A number third party, independent, and write-in candidates have performed well in many U.S. elections.
Greens, Libertarians and others have elected state Legislators and local officials. The Socialists had 600 mayors at one time before World War I, including [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin]]; [[New Haven, Connecticut]]; [[Reading, Pennsylvania]]; and [[Schenectady, New York]]. There have been 20th Century governors elected as independents, and from such parties as Progressive, Reform, Farmer-Labor, Populist, and Prohibition. There were others in the century before.
However, the United States has had a [[two-party system]] for over a century. The [[Plurality voting system|winner take all]] system for [[presidential elections]] and the single-seat [[plurality voting]] system for [[United States Congress|Congressional]] elections have over time created the two-party system (see [[Duverger's law]]). Third party candidates very [[List of third party performances in United States elections|rarely win any elections]]. For example, such a candidate only won a U.S. Senate election twice (0.6%) since 1990. Therefore, it is very rare to have a national [[Third party officeholders in the United States|officeholder not affiliated with and endorsed by one of the two major parties]]. Currently, there are only two U.S. Senators ([[Joe Lieberman]] and [[Bernie Sanders]]), who are neither Democrat nor Republican, while no U.S. Representative hails from outside the major parties.
Although third party candidates rarely actually win elections, they can have an effect on them. If they do well, they are often accused of having a [[spoiler effect]]. Sometimes they have won votes in the [[electoral college]], as in the [[United States presidential election, 1832#Results|1832 Presidential election]]. They can draw attention to issues that may be ignored by the majority parties. If such an issue finds acceptance with the voters, one or more of the major parties may adopt the issue into its own [[party platform]]. Also, a third party may be used by the voter to cast a [[protest vote]] as a form of [[referendum]] on an important issue. Third parties may also help [[voter turnout]] by bringing more people to the polls. Third party candidates at the top of the ticket can help to draw attention to other party candidates down the ballot, helping them to win local or state office. In 2004 the U.S. electorate consisted of an estimated 43% registered Democrats and 33% registered Republicans, with independents and those belonging to other parties constituting 25%.<ref name="Neuhart">{{cite news |last=Neuhart|first=P.|url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/columnist/neuharth/2004-01-22-neuharth_x.htm|title=Why politics is fun from catbirds' seats.|newspaper=USA Today|accessdate=2007-07-11 | date=2004-01-22}}</ref>
The only three U.S. Presidents without a major party affiliation were [[George Washington]], [[John Tyler]], and [[Andrew Johnson]], and only Washington served his entire tenure as an independent. Neither of the other two were ever elected president in their own right, both being vice presidents who ascended to office upon the death of a president, and both became independents because they were unpopular with their parties. John Tyler was elected on the [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] ticket in 1840 with [[William Henry Harrison]] but was expelled by his own party. Andrew Johnson was elected with Abraham Lincoln on the [[National Union Party (United States)|National Union]] ticket in 1864, after serving as Democratic Senator and Governor in [[Tennessee]], but effectively governed as an independent as the new party floundered into oblivion.
Currently Governor [[Lincoln Chafee]], an independent in [[Rhode Island]], is the only serving governor not from one of the two major parties.

==Barriers to third party success==
[[File:Libertarian Presidential Election Results.png|400px|right]]
===Winner-take-all vs. proportional representation===
In winner-take-all (or plurality-take-all), the candidate with the largest number of votes wins, even if the margin of victory is extremely narrow or the proportion of votes received is not a majority. Unlike in [[proportional representation]], [[runners-up]] do not gain representation in a [[Plurality voting system|first-past-the-post system]]. In the United States, systems of proportional representation are uncommon, especially above the local level, and are entirely absent at the national level. In Presidential elections, the majority requirement of the [[Electoral College (United States)|Electoral College]], and the Constitutional provision for the House of Representatives to decide the election if no candidate receives a majority, serves as a further disincentive to third party candidacies.

In the United States, if an interest group is at odds with its traditional party, it has the option of running sympathetic candidates in [[primary election|primaries]]. If the candidate fails in the primary and believes he has a chance to win in the general election he may form or join a third party. Because of the difficulties third parties face in gaining any representation, third parties tend to exist to promote a specific issue or personality. Often, the intent is to force national public attention on a such an issue. Then one or both of the major parties may rise to commit for or against the matter at hand, or at least weigh in. [[H. Ross Perot]] eventually founded a third party, the [[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform Party]], to support his [[United States presidential election, 1996|1996]] campaign. In [[United States presidential election, 1912|1912]], [[Theodore Roosevelt]] made a spirited run for the presidency on the Progressive Party ticket, but he never made any efforts to help Progressive congressional candidates in 1914, and in the [[U.S. presidential election, 1916|1916 election]], he supported the Republicans.

===Ballot access laws===
Nationally, [[ballot access]] laws are the major challenge to third party candidacies. While the Democratic and Republican parties usually easily obtain ballot access in all fifty states in every election, third parties often fail to meet criteria for ballot access, such as registration fees. Or, in many states, they do not meet petition requirements in which a certain number of voters must sign a petition for a third party or independent candidate to gain ballot access.<ref name="hlrecord_201204">{{cite web | url=http://hlrecord.org/?p=10575 | title=The two party ballot suppresses third party change | publisher=Harvard Law | work=The Record | date=December 4, 2009 | accessdate=April 16, 2012 | author=Amato, Theresa | quote=Today, as in 1958, ballot access for minor parties and Independents remains convoluted and discriminatory. Though certain state ballot access statutes are better, and a few Supreme Court decisions (Williams v. Rhodes, 393 U.S. 23 (1968), Anderson v. Celebrezze, 460 U.S. 780 (1983)) have been generally favorable, on the whole, the process—and the cumulative burden it places on these federal candidates—may be best described as antagonistic. The jurisprudence of the Court remains hostile to minor party and Independent candidates, and this antipathy can be seen in at least a half dozen cases decided since Nader’s article, including Jenness v. Fortson, 403 U.S. 431 (1971), American Party of Tex. v. White, 415 U.S. 767 (1974), Munro v. Socialist Workers Party, 479 U.S. 189 (1986), Burdick v. Takushi, 504 U.S. 428 (1992), and Arkansas Ed. Television Comm’n v. Forbes, 523 U.S. 666 (1998). Justice Rehnquist, for example, writing for a 6-3 divided Court in Timmons v. Twin Cities Area New Party, 520 U.S. 351 (1997), spells out the Court’s bias for the “two-party system,” even though the word “party” is nowhere to be found in the Constitution. He wrote that “The Constitution permits the Minnesota Legislature to decide that political stability is best served through a healthy two-party system. And while an interest in securing the perceived benefits of a stable two-party system will not justify unreasonably exclusionary restrictions, States need not remove all the many hurdles third parties face in the American political arena today.” 520 U.S. 351, 366-67.}}</ref> In recent presidential elections, [[Ross Perot]] appeared on all 50 state ballots as an independent in [[United States presidential election, 1992|1992]] and the candidate of the Reform Party in 1996. (Perot, a multimillionaire, was able to provide significant funds for his campaigns.) [[Patrick Buchanan]] appeared on all 50 state ballots in the 2000 election,<ref name="fec_201204a">{{Citation | url=http://www.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2000/2000presge.htm | title=2000 Presidential General Election Results | publisher=Federal Election Commission | accessdate=2007-12-20}}</ref> largely on the basis of Perot's performance as the Reform Party's candidate four years prior. The [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]] has appeared on the ballot in at least 46 states in every election since [[United States presidential election, 1980|1980]], except for [[United States presidential election, 1984|1984]] when [[David Bergland]] gained access in only 36 states. In 1980, 1992, 1996 the party made the ballot in all 50 states and D.C. The [[Green Party (United States)|Green Party]] gained access to 44 state ballots in 2000 but only 27 in 2004. The [[Constitution Party (United States)|Constitution Party]] appeared on 42 state ballots in 2004.<ref name="fec_201204">{{cite web | url=http://www.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2004/2004pres.pdf | title=Official General Election Results for United States President | publisher=United States Federal Election Commission | work=Public Records Office Election Results | date=November 2, 2004 | accessdate=April 16, 2012}}</ref> Ralph Nader, running as an independent in 2004, appeared on 34 state ballots. In [[United States presidential election, 2008|2008]], Nader appeared on 45 ballots and D.C. For more information see [[ballot access]] laws.

===Debate rules===
[[United States presidential election debates|Presidential debates]] between the nominees of the two major parties first occurred in [[United States presidential election, 1960|1960]], then after three cycles without debates, took place again in [[United States presidential election, 1976|1976]] and have happened in every election since. Third party or independent candidates have been included in these debates in only two cycles. Ronald Reagan and [[John B. Anderson|John Anderson]] debated in 1980, but incumbent President Carter refused to appear with Anderson, and Anderson was excluded from the subsequent debate between Reagan and Carter.

Debates in other state and federal elections often exclude Independent and third party candidates, and the Supreme Court has upheld such tactics in several cases. The [[Commission on Presidential Debates]] (CPD) is a private company.
<ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.debates.org/pages/his_1980.html
|title=1980 Debates
|publisher=Commission on Presidential Debates
|accessdate=2007-12-20
|year=1980
|month=September
|author=Lister, J
|volume=303
|issue=13
|pages=741–4
|issn=0028-4793
|pmid=6157090
|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine
|doi=10.1056/NEJM198009253031307}}</ref> Independent Ross Perot was included in all three of the debates with Republican [[George H. W. Bush]] and Democrat [[Bill Clinton]] in 1992, largely at the behest of the Bush campaign.{{Citation needed|date=November 2009}} His participation helped Perot climb from 7% before the debates to 19% on Election Day.<ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.opendebates.org/theissue/1992.html
|title=What Happened in 1992?
|accessdate=2007-12-20
|publisher=opendebates.org}}</ref>

Perot was excluded from the 1996 debates despite his strong showing four years prior.<ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.opendebates.org/theissue/1996.html
|title=What Happened in 1996?
|accessdate=2007-12-20
|publisher=opendebates.org}}</ref> In [[United States presidential election, 2000|2000]] revised debate access rules made it even harder for third party candidates to gain access by stipulating that, besides being on enough state ballots to win an Electoral College majority, debate participants must clear 15% in pre-debate opinion polls. This rule remained in place for [[United States presidential election, 2004|2004]],<ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.opendebates.org/theissue/2004.html
|title=What Happened in 2004?
|publisher=opendebates.org
|accessdate=2007-12-20}}</ref><ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.debates.org/pages/news_030924.html
|title=2004 Candidate Selection Criteria
|publisher=Commission on Presidential Debates
|date=September 24, 2003
|accessdate=2007-12-20}}</ref> when as many as 62 million people watched the debates,<ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.debates.org/pages/his_2004.html
|title=2004 Debates
|publisher=Commession on Presidential Debates
|accessdate=2007-12-20}}</ref> and is still in effect for 2008.<ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.opendebates.org/theissue/15percent.html
|title=The 15 Percent Barrier
|publisher=opendebates.org
|accessdate=2007-12-20}}</ref><ref>{{Citation
|url=http://www.debates.org/pages/news_111907.html
|title=Commission on Presidential Debates Announces Sites, Dates, Formats and Candidate Selection Criteria for 2008 General Election
|date=November 19, 2007
|publisher=Commission on Presidential Debates
|accessdate=2007-12-20}}</ref> The 15% criterion, had it been in place, would have prevented Anderson and Perot from participating in the debates they appeared in.

===Major party marginalization===
A third party candidate will sometimes strike a chord with a section of voters in a particular election, bringing an issue to national prominence and amount a significant proportion of the popular vote. Major parties often respond to this by adopting this issue in a subsequent election. After [[United States presidential election, 1968|1968]], under President Nixon the Republican Party adopted a "[[Southern Strategy]]" to win the support of conservative Democrats opposed to the Civil Rights Movement and resulting legislation and to combat third parties with southern agendas. This can be seen as a response to the popularity of segregationist candidate [[George Wallace]] who gained 13.5% of the popular vote in the 1968 election for the American Independent Party.

In 1996, both the Democrats and the Republicans agreed to deficit reduction on the back of Ross Perot's popularity in the 1992 election. This severely undermined Perot’s campaign in the 1996 election.

==Third party officeholders==
{{Main|Third party officeholders in the United States}}

Third party officeholders in the U.S. are rare. Since the [[Reconstruction era of the United States|end of Reconstruction]], there have been a total of 31 U.S. Senators, 111 [[Third party United States House of Representatives|Representatives]], and 22 Governors that weren't affiliated with a major party.

==See also==
*[[Third party (politics)]]
*[[Political party]]
*[[Third party (Canada)]]
*[[Ballot access]]
*[[Electoral College (United States)]]
*[[Proportional representation]]
*[[Voting rights]]

==Resources==
*Epstein, David A. (2012). ''Left, Right, Out: The History of Third Parties in America''. Arts and Letters Imperium Publications. ISBN 978-0-578-10654-0
*[http://www.ballot-access.org/winger/iba.html The Importance of Ballot Access], essay by [[Richard Winger]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.ballot-access.org Ballot Access News] - Ballot Access news on all parties
* [http://www.freeandequal.org/ Free and Equal] - Election Reform to end partisan duopoly
* [http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com Independent Political Report] - Frequently updated source for third party news

{{United States political parties}}
{{US Third Party Election}}
{{United States topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Third Party (United States)}}
[[Category:Political parties in the United States]]

[[pl:TPA]]

User:Luch4

2012-12-16T10:30:17Z

Luch4:

Hi everybody. Привет всем.

[[Grand Rounds Scenic Byway]]

[[ru:User:Luch4]]

Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia

2012-09-25T15:08:40Z

Luch4:

{{Infobox royalty
| name = Maria Vladimirovna Romanova
| title = Grand Duchess of Russia
| image = Maria Vladimirovna Romanova.jpg
| caption =
| imgw = 200px
| succession = [[House of Romanov|Head of the House of Romanov]] (disputed)
| reign = 21 April 1992 - present
| reign-type = Time
| predecessor = [[Vladimir Cyrillovich, Grand Duke of Russia|Grand Duke Vladimir Cyrillovich]]
| successor = [[Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia|Grand Duke George Mikhailovich]]
| suc-type = Heir
| spouse = [[Prince Franz Wilhelm of Prussia]] (m.1976, div.1985)
| issue = [[Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia|Grand Duke George Mikhailovich]]
| full name = Maria Vladimirovna Romanova
| house = [[House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov]]
| father = [[Vladimir Cyrillovich, Grand Duke of Russia]]
| mother = [[Leonida Georgievna, Grand Duchess of Russia|Princess Leonida Bagration of Mukhrani]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1953|12|23|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Madrid]], Spain
| religion = [[Russian Orthodox Church]]
}}

'''Maria Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess of Russia''' ({{lang-ru|Мари́я Влади́мировна Рома́нова}}; born 23 December 1953 in Madrid), has been a claimant to the headship of the Imperial Family of Russia and pretender to the titles Empress and Autocrat of [[All the Russias]] (historically the modern states of [[Russia]], [[Belarus]], [[Ukraine]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Finland]], [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]] and [[Poland]]), since 1992. She has used [[List of Grand Duchesses of Russia|Grand Duchess of Russia]] as her [[pretender|title of pretension]] with the style [[Imperial Highness]] throughout her life, though her right to this title is disputed.<ref name=Massie269>Massie, p 269</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=John-Paul|last=Flintoff|title=Tsar Struck|url=http://www.flintoff.org/tsar-struck|publisher=[http://www.flintoff.org/ John-Paul Flintoff]|date=20 September 2003|accessdate=10 July 2012}}</ref> She is a great-great-granddaughter in the male-line of Tsar [[Alexander II of Russia]].

==Biography==
{{Russian Imperial Family|Maria}}

Maria Vladimirovna was born in [[Madrid]], the only child of [[Vladimir Kirillovich, Grand Duke of Russia]], Head of the Imperial Family of Russia and titular Emperor of Russia,<ref>{{cite news|title=Empress Maria in Vladivostok|url=http://vladivostoktimes.ru/show.php?id=11990|publisher=Vladivostok Times|date=11 July 2007|accessdate=11 August 2008}}</ref> and [[Grand Duchess Leonida Georgievna of Russia|Princess Leonida]] [[House of Mukhrani|Bagration-Mukhrani]] who was half-[[Poles|Polish]]. Her paternal grandparents were [[Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich of Russia]] and Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna (''née'' [[Princess Victoria Melita of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha]]). Maria was educated in Madrid and Paris, before spending a few terms at [[Oxford University]], where she studied Russian history and literature.<ref name=Massie263>Massie, p 263</ref><ref name=two>{{cite web|url=http://www.dynastic-law.com/russia-1.html |title=The Romanov Imperial dynasty in emigration XX century|accessdate=11 August 2008 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060828114521/http://www.dynastic-law.com/russia-1.html |archivedate = 28 August 2006}}</ref>

On 23 December 1969, upon reaching her dynastic majority, Maria swore an oath of loyalty to her father, to Russia, and to uphold the Fundamental Laws of Russia which governed succession to the [[abolished monarchy|defunct throne]]. At the same time, her father issued a controversial decree recognising her as [[heir presumptive|heiress presumptive]] and declaring that, in the event he predeceased other Romanov males whom he had recognised as [[dynasty#Dynasts|dynasts]], then Maria would become the "[[Curator|Curatrix]] of the Imperial Throne".<ref name=MariaI>{{cite web |url=http://www.imperialhouse.ru/eng/imperialhouse/chipdom/maria.html |title=Maria I Wladimirovna |accessdate=11 August 2008 |publisher=imperialhouse.ru }}</ref> until the death of the last male dynast. This has been viewed as an attempt by her father to ensure the succession remained in his branch of the imperial family,<ref name=Massie263/> while the heads of the other branches of the imperial family, the Princes [[Prince Vsevolod Ivanovich of Russia|Vsevolod Ioannovich]] of the ([[Branches of the Russian Imperial Family#Konstantinovichi|Konstantinovichi]]), [[Prince Roman Petrovich of Russia|Roman Petrovich]] of the ([[Branches of the Russian Imperial Family#Nikolaevichi|Nikolaevichi]]) and [[Prince Andrei Alexandrovich of Russia|Prince Andrei Alexandrovich]] of the ([[Branches of the Russian Imperial Family#Mihailovichi|Mihailovichi]]) declared that her father's actions were illegal.<ref name=Massie269/>

In [[Madrid]] on 22 September 1976, Maria married [[Prince Franz Wilhelm of Prussia]]<ref>{{cite book |title=[[Almanach de Gotha]] |edition=186th |year=2003 |isbn=0-9532142-4-9 |author=edited by John Kennedy. |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |location=Woodbridge |oclc=166702094 |page=317}}</ref>, a [[House of Hohenzollern|Hohenzollern]] great-grandson of Germany's last emperor, [[Wilhelm II]] and, like his bride, a great-great grandchild of [[Queen Victoria|Victoria, Queen of the British Empire]]. Franz Wilhelm converted to the [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox faith]] prior to the wedding, taking the name ''Michael Pavlovich'' and receiving the title of a Grand Duke of Russia from Maria's father.<ref>{{cite book |title=Royalty who wait: the 21 heads of formerly regnant houses of Europe |edition=|year=2001 |isbn=978-0-7864-0901-3|author=Olga S. Opfell|publisher=McFarland & Co., Inc Publishers |location=Jefferson, NC|oclc=|url=http://books.google.com/?id=9UFveIUgktIC&pg=PA79&lpg=PA79&dq=kaiser+wilhelm+ii+grandson+karl+franz+henriette#v=onepage&q&f=false|page=79}}</ref><ref>Massie, p 263-264</ref>

The couple separated in 1982, a year after the birth of their only child [[Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia|George Mikhailovich]], who had been granted the title Grand Duke of Russia at birth by his grandfather Vladimir. Following the divorce on 19 June 1985, Franz Wilhelm reverted to his Prussian name and style.<ref name=eight>Eilers, Marlene. ''Queen Victoria's Descendants''. 2nd ed. Rosvall Royal Books: Falkoping, Sweden, 1997.</ref>

Maria Vladimirovna lives in France and Spain. She is fluent in Russian, English, French and Spanish, and also speaks some German, Italian and [[Arabic language|Arabic]].<ref name=MariaI/>

==Succession claims and activities==
{{infobox hrhstyles|
royal name=Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia |
dipstyle=[[Her Imperial Highness]]|
offstyle=Your Imperial Highness|
altstyle=Ma'am|
image=[[File:Coat of Arms of Russian Empire.svg|75px]]}}

{{Main|Line of succession to the former Russian throne}}
Maria's grandfather's claim as emperor-in-exile was strongly disputed by other members of his family. One said: "To say the family is divided is a euphemism. The family is raving mad."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kurth|first=Peter|title=The mystery of the Romanov bones|newspaper=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|year=1993|date=January|url=http://www.peterkurth.com/ROMANOV+BONES.htm |accessdate=11 August 2008 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070503084027/http://www.peterkurth.com/ROMANOV+BONES.htm |archivedate = 3 May 2007}}</ref> Her father, Vladimir Cyrillovich, was considered by some to be the last male dynast of the Romanov family.<ref name=two/> When he died on 21 April 1992, Maria claimed to have succeeded him as head of the Russian Imperial Family, though this was disputed by [[Nicholas Romanov, Prince of Russia|Prince Nicholas Romanovich]], a male-line great-great-grandson of [[Nicholas I of Russia|Tsar Nicholas I]] who also claimed to have succeeded Vladimir.

Following the discovery of the remains of Emperor [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] and most of his immediate family in 1991, Maria Vladimirovna wrote to President [[Boris Yeltsin]], regarding the burial of the remains, saying of her Romanov cousins, whom she does not recognise as members of the Imperial family (including the grandchildren of Nicholas II's sister [[Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia|Grand Duchess Xenia]]), that they "do not have the slightest right to speak their mind and wishes on this question. They can only go and pray at the grave, as can any other Russian, who so wishes".<ref>Massie, p270</ref> At the behest of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] Maria did not recognise the authenticity of the remains and declined to attend the reburial ceremony in 1998.<ref name=one>{{cite web |url=http://www.imperialhouse.ru/eng/dynastynews/news/vin/360.html |title=Interview with Maria Vladimirovna |date=12 December 2005 |accessdate=11 August 2008 |publisher=imperialhouse.ru }}</ref> She has also said regarding her Romanov cousins, that "My feeling about them is that now that something important is happening in Russia, they suddenly have awakened and said, 'Ah ha! There might be something to gain out of this.'"<ref>Massie, p 274</ref>

Maria hopes for the restoration of the monarchy someday and is "ready to respond to a call from the people".<ref name=MariaI/> When questioned about the ongoing rift in the Romanov family, Maria said;

{{cquote|Attempts to disparage my rights have originated with people who, firstly, do not belong to the Imperial Family, and, secondly, either do not themselves know the relevant laws or think that others do not know these laws. In either case, there is unscrupulousness at work. The only thing that causes me regret is that some of our relatives waste their time and energy on little intrigues instead of striving to be of some use to their country. I have never quarreled with anyone about these matters and I remain open to a discussion and cooperation with all, including, of course, my relatives. But there can be no foundation for cooperation without respect for our dynastic laws, fulfilling these laws, and following our family traditions.<ref name=one/>}}

In 2002, Maria became frustrated with the internal strife within the Russian monarchist movement. When representatives of the Union of Descendants of Noble Families, one of two rival nobility associations (the other, older one being the Russian Nobility Association) were discovered to be distributing chivalric titles and awards of the Order of St Nicholas the Wonderworker, without her approval, she published a relatively strongly worded disclaimer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imperialhouse.ru/rus/allnews/news/2002/86.html |title=Declaration by Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna |date=11 December 2002 |accessdate=11 August 2008 |publisher=imperialhouse.ru }}</ref>

On January 5, 2010, Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna went to Istanbul, where she met with the [[Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople]] and Mustafa Cagrici, [[Grand Mufti]] of [[Istanbul]].<ref>{Визит Главы Дома Романовых в Стамбул http://nikolaevec.livejournal.com/90891.html}</ref> On 14 December of the same year, with the blessing of [[Kirill I of Moscow|Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia]], she made a pilgrimage to Bari, Italy, and visited Pope [[Benedict XVI]] and Secretary of State of the Holy See, Cardinal-Camerlengo [[Tarcisio Bertone]] in the [[Vatican City|Vatican]].

==Awards==
*[[Order of St. Andrew|Order of St. Andrew the First-Called]]
*[[Order of St Catherine|Dame Grand Cross Order of St Catherine]]
*[[Order of St. Alexander Nevsky]]
*[[Order of the White Eagle (Russia)|Order of the White Eagle]]
*[[Order of St. Anna|Order of St. Anna 1st Class]]
*[[Order of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker]] 1st Class
*[[Order of St. Anastasia]]
*[[Order of Saint Stanislaus|Order of Saint Stanislaus 1st Class]]<ref>[http://www.imperialhouse.ru/eng/dynastyhistory/honoursaward/honours/433.html Head of the Imperial House Of Russia and Grand Master of the Imperial and Royal Orders of Russia]</ref>
*[[Sovereign Military Order of Malta|Dame Grand Cross Sovereign Military Order of Malta]]<ref>[http://www.chivalricorders.org/royalty/gotha/russgen.htm Genealogy Of The Imperial House Of Russia]</ref>
*Order of St. Olga 1 Class ([[Patriarch Alexius II]], [[Russian Orthodox Church]])<ref>[http://www.imperialhouse.ru/rus/dynastynews/photo-gallery/20040114.html (rus)Награждение Государыни Марии Владимировны Орденом Святой Ольги]</ref>
*Order of St. Paraskeva 1 Class ([[Moldovan Orthodox Church]])
* Order of St. Barbara 1 Class ([[Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)]])
*[[Order of Saint Michael of the Wing|Dame Grand Cross Order of Saint Michael of the Wing]] ([[Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza]])<ref>[http://www.imperialhouse.ru/rus/dynastynews/photo-gallery/20031109_58.html (rus) Высочайший визит в Португалию Главы Российского Императорского Дома]</ref>
*Dame Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Queen of Sheba]] ([[Crown Council of Ethiopia]])
*Order of the Republic ([[Transnistria|Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic]])
*Lady of the Grand Collar of the [[Order of the Eagle of Georgia and the Tunic of Our Lord Jesus Christ]] ([[Irakli Bagration of Mukhrani]])
*Cross of Russian Nobility Association 1st Class

==Ancestors==
<center>{{ahnentafel top|Ancestors of Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia|width=100%}}
{{ahnentafel-compact5
|style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%;
|border=1
|boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
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|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Maria Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess of Russia '''
|2= 2. [[Vladimir Cyrillovich, Grand Duke of Russia]]
|3= 3. [[Princess Leonida Bagration of Mukhrani]]
|4= 4. [[Cyril Vladimirovich, Grand Duke of Russia]]
|5= 5. [[Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]
|6= 6. [[George Bagration of Mukhrani|George, Prince Bagration of Mukhrani]]
|7= 7. Countess Helena Nowina Złotnicka
|8= 8. [[Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia]]
|9= 9. [[Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]
|10= 10. [[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], [[Duke of Edinburgh]]
|11= 11. [[Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia]]
|12= 12. [[Alexander Bagration of Mukhrani|Prince Alexander Bagration of Mukhrani]]
|13= 13. Maria Dmitrievna Golovatcheva
|14= 14. Count Sigismund Nowina Złotnicki
|15= 15. Princess Maria Elisabarowna Eristavi of [[Ksani]]
|16= 16. [[Alexander II of Russia]]
|17= 17. [[Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse)|Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine]]
|18= 18. [[Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg|Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]
|19= 19. [[Princess Augusta Reuss of Köstritz|Princess Augusta Reuss-Köstritz]]
|20= 20. [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]
|21= 21. [[Queen Victoria|Victoria of the United Kingdom]]
|22= 22. [[Alexander II of Russia]] (= 16)
|23= 23. [[Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse)|Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine]] (= 17)
|24= 24. Prince Iraklij Konstantinovich Bagration of Mukhrani
|25= 25. Princess Katharina Ivanovna Argutinsky-Dolgorukow
|26= 26. Dmitri Zakharovitch Golovatchev
|27= 27. Leonida Igorevna von Hessen
|28= 28. Count Dmitri Nowina Złotnicki
|29= 29. Celestina Trzeciak h. Sas
|30= 30. Prince Elisabar Eristavi of Ksani
|31= 31. Princess Kethevan Eristavi of Ksani
}}
{{ahnentafel bottom}}</center>

==See also==
* [[List of Grand Duchesses of Russia]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite book |last=Massie |first=Robert K. |authorlink=Robert K. Massie |title=The Romanovs The Final Chapter |publisher=Jonathan Cape |isbn=0-224-04192-4 |year=1995 |oclc=185630578 }}

==External links==
* [http://www.imperialhouse.ru/eng/index.html Grand Duchess Maria's Official Site]
* [http://www.chivalricorders.org/royalty/gotha/russuclw.htm Vladimir Romanov's personal attorney Brien Purcell Horan's essay in support of Maria's claim]
* [http://www.chivalricorders.org/royalty/gotha/russucc.htm Argument in favour of Maria's claim] by [[Guy Stair Sainty]]
* [http://www.angelfire.com/pa/ImperialRussian/royalty/russia/mariavladimirovna.html Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna Article, Video Interview and Photographs] [[Royal Russia]]

{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Romanov|House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov]]|23 September|1953|Living||[[House of Oldenburg]]}}
{{S-pre|}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Vladimir Cyrillovich, Grand Duke of Russia|Grand Duke Vladimir Cyrillovich]]}}
{{S-tul|title=[[Tsar|Empress of Russia]]|years=21 April 1992 – present|reason=[[February Revolution|Empire abolished in 1917]]}}
{{S-inc|heir=[[Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia|Grand Duke George Mikhailovich]]}}
{{End}}
{{Russian grand duchesses}}
{{Pretenders to the Russian throne since 1917}}
{{Prussian princesses by marriage}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2010}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Maria Vladimirovna Of Russia, Grand Duchess
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 23 December 1953
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Madrid]], Spain
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Maria Vladimirovna Of Russia, Grand Duchess}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Oxford]]
[[Category:Russian grand dukes]]
[[Category:House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov]]
[[Category:People from Madrid]]
[[Category:Spanish people of Polish descent]]
[[Category:Pretenders to the Russian throne]]
[[Category:Russian people of Polish descent]]
[[Category:Prussian princesses]]
[[Category:Order of St. Alexander Nevsky recipients]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Queen of Sheba]]

[[ca:Maria de Rússia (cap de la casa imperial de Rússia)]]
[[da:Maria Vladimirovna af Rusland]]
[[es:María Vladímirovna Románova]]
[[eo:Maria Vladimirovna Romanova]]
[[fr:Maria Vladimirovna de Russie]]
[[it:Marija Vladimirovna Romanova]]
[[he:מריה ולדימירובנה רומנובה]]
[[nl:Maria Vladimirovna van Rusland]]
[[ja:マリヤ・ウラジーミロヴナ・ロマノヴァ]]
[[pl:Maria Władimirowna Romanowa]]
[[pt:Maria Vladimirovna da Rússia]]
[[ru:Романова, Мария Владимировна]]
[[sr:Марија Владимировна]]
[[sv:Maria Vladimirovna av Ryssland]]
[[tr:Mariya Vladimirovna Romanova]]

Aleksandar Kocić

2012-05-21T17:17:19Z

Luch4: disexamplecation

{{Infobox football biography
| name = Aleksandar Kocić
| image = http://cdn4.faniq.com/images/photos/photo_large/28/18001428-341.jpg
| fullname = Aleksandar Kocić
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|3|18}}
| birth_place = [[Vlasotince]], [[SFR Yugoslavia]]
| height = {{Height|m=1.91|precision=0}}
| position = [[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]]
| youthyears1 = 1984–1988
| youthclubs1 = [[FK Vlasina Vlasotince|Vlasina Vlasotince]]
| years1 = 1987–1989
| years2 = 1989–1990
| years3 = 1990–1996
| years4 = 1996
| years5 = 1996–1998
| years6 = 1998
| years7 = 1998–2001
| years8 = 2001–2006
| clubs1 = [[FK Vlasina Vlasotince|Vlasina Vlasotince]]
| clubs2 = [[FK Dubočica|Dubočica Leskovac]]
| clubs3 = [[FK Vojvodina|Vojvodina]]
| clubs4 = [[Levante UD|Levante]]
| clubs5 = [[AC Perugia|Perugia]]
| clubs6 = [[Empoli F.C.|Empoli]]
| clubs7 = [[Red Star Belgrade]]
| clubs8 = [[Ethnikos Achnas]]
| caps1 = 57
| caps2 = 30
| caps3 = 106
| caps4 = 7
| caps5 = 21
| caps6 = 2
| caps7 = 79
| caps8 = 102
| totalcaps = 397
| goals1 = 0
| goals2 = 0
| goals3 = 0
| goals4 = 0
| goals5 = 0
| goals6 = 0
| goals7 = 0
| goals8 = 0
| totalgoals = 0
| nationalyears1 = 1994–2001
| nationalteam1 = [[Serbia national football team|FR Yugoslavia]]
| nationalcaps1 = 22
| nationalgoals1 = 0
| manageryears1 = 2011-2012
| managerclubs1 = [[FK CSK Pivara|ČSK Pivara]]
| manageryears2 = 2012-
| managerclubs2 = [[Kavala F.C.|Kavala]] (GK coach)
}}

'''Aleksandar Kocić''' ([[Serbian Cyrillic]]: Aлeкcaндap Koцић ;born March 18, 1969 in [[Vlasotince]], [[SR Serbia]], [[SFR Yugoslavia]]), is a [[Serbia]]n former [[soccer|football]] [[Goalkeeper (association football)|goalkeeper]].

He played in many teams such as [[Vlasina Vlasotince]], [[FK Dubočica]], [[FK Vojvodina]], [[Levante UD]], [[AC Perugia]], [[Empoli F.C.]], [[Red Star Belgrade]] and [[Ethnikos Achnas]].

==External links==
* [http://www.national-football-teams.com/v2/player.php?id=10668 National Football Teams]
* [http://www.reprezentacija.rs/cgi-bin/index.pl?str=igraci&strana=Kocic_Aleksandar Profile at Serbian federation]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Kocic, Aleksandar
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =Koca,Kole...
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Serbian footballer
| DATE OF BIRTH = March 18, 1969
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Vlasotince]], [[SFR Yugoslavia]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kocic, Aleksandar}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Yugoslav footballers]]
[[Category:Serbian footballers]]
[[Category:Serbia and Montenegro international footballers]]
[[Category:FK Vojvodina players]]
[[Category:Perugia Calcio players]]
[[Category:Levante UD footballers]]
[[Category:Ethnikos Achna FC players]]
[[Category:Empoli F.C. players]]
[[Category:Red Star Belgrade footballers]]
[[Category:Serie A footballers]]
[[Category:Serbian expatriate footballers]]
[[Category:Expatriate footballers in Italy]]
[[Category:Expatriate footballers in Spain]]
[[Category:Expatriate footballers in Cyprus]]
[[Category:People from Vlasotince]]

{{Serbia-footybio-stub}}

[[it:Aleksandar Kocić]]
[[pl:Aleksandar Kocić]]

Rhyming slang

2012-05-21T17:17:00Z

Luch4: disexamplecation

{{Refimprove|date=July 2010}}

'''Rhyming slang''' is a form of phrase construction in the [[English language]] and is especially prevalent in dialectal English from the [[East End of London|East End]] of [[London]]; hence the alternative name, '''[[Cockney]] rhyming slang''' (or '''CRS'''). The construction involves replacing a common word with a rhyming phrase of two or three words and then, in almost all cases, omitting the secondary rhyming word, in a process called hemiteleia,<ref name ="roberts"/><ref name=mother>{{cite book|last=Bryson|first=Bill|title=Mother Tongue|publisher=Penguin|year=1990|isbn=0-14-014305-X}}</ref> making the origin and meaning of the phrase elusive to listeners not in the know.<ref name="ayto"/>

The most frequently cited example—although it is almost never employed by current users<ref name=mother/>—involves the replacement of "stairs" with the rhyming phrase "apples and pears". Following the usual pattern of omission, "(and) pears" is then dropped and "stairs" becomes "apples". Thus the spoken phrase "I'm going up the apples" means "I'm going ['up the stairs'/'upstairs']".

In similar fashion, "telephone" is replaced by "dog" (= 'dog-and-bone'); "wife" by "trouble" (= 'trouble-and-strife'); "eyes" by "minces" (= 'mince pies'); "wig" by "syrup" (= 'syrup of figs') and "feet" by "plates" (= 'plates of meat'). Thus a construction of the following type could conceivably arise: "It nearly knocked me off me plates—he was wearing a syrup! So I got straight on the dog to me trouble and said I couldn't believe me minces."

In some examples the meaning is further obscured by adding a second iteration of rhyme and truncation to the original rhymed phrase. For example, the word "Aris" is often used to indicate the buttocks. This has been subjected to a double rhyme, starting with the original rough synonym "arse", which was rhymed with "bottle and glass", leading to "bottle". "Bottle" was then [[Bruces' Philosophers Song|rhymed with "Aristotle"]] and truncated to "Aris".<ref name=mother/>

The use of rhyming slang has spread beyond the purely dialectal and some examples are to be found in the mainstream British English lexicon and internationally, although many users may be unaware of the origin of those words. One example is "berk", a mild pejorative widely used across the UK and not usually considered particularly offensive, although the origin lies in a contraction of "[[Berkeley Hunt]]", as the rhyme for the significantly more offensive "[[cunt]]".<ref>{{cite book|title=Oxford English Reference Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref>

Most of the words changed by this process are nouns. A few are adjectival e.g. 'bales' (of cotton = rotten), or the adjectival phrase 'on one's tod' ([[Tod Sloan (jockey)|Tod Sloan]], a famous jockey).

==History==

Rhyming slang is believed to have originated in the mid-19th century in the [[East End]] of [[London]], with several sources suggesting some time in the 1840s.<ref>Partridge, Eric. Dictionary of Historical Slang. Penguin, 1972.</ref><ref name="hott">{{cite book|last=Hotten|first=John Camden|title=A dictionary of modern slang, cant, and vulgar words|pages=133–136|chapter=Some account of the Rhyming Slang, the secret language of Chaunters and Patterers|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Zhk9h-w1negC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Dictionary+of+Modern+Slang,+Cant+and+Vulgar+Words&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false | year=1859 | publisher=John Camden Hotten}}</ref><ref name="vicweb"/>

According to Partridge (1972:12), it dates from around 1840 and arose in the East End of London, however [[John Camden Hotten]] in his 1859 ''Dictionary of Modern Slang, Cant and Vulgar Words'' states that (English) rhyming slang originated "about twelve or fifteen years ago" (i.e. in the 1840s) with 'chaunters' and 'patterers' in the [[Seven Dials]] area of [[Westminster]]. (The reference is to travelling salesmen of certain kinds. Chaunters sold sheet music and patterers offered cheap, tawdry goods at fairs and markets up and down the country). Hotten's ''Dictionary'' included a "Glossary of the Rhyming Slang", the first known such work. It included later mainstays such as "Frog and toad—the main road" and "Apples and pears—stairs" as well as many that later grew more obscure, e.g. "Battle of the Nile—a tile (vulgar term for a hat)", "Duke of York—take a walk", and "Top of Rome—home".

It remains a matter of speculation whether rhyming slang was a linguistic accident, a game, or a [[cryptolect]] developed intentionally to confuse non-locals. If deliberate, it may also have been used to maintain a sense of community. It is possible that it was used in the marketplace to allow traders to talk amongst themselves in order to facilitate [[collusion]], without customers knowing what they were saying. Another suggestion is that it may have been used by criminals ''(see [[thieves' cant]])'' to confuse the police.

==Evolution==
At any point in history, in any location, rhyming slang can be seen to incorporate words and phrases that are relevant at that particular time and place. Many examples are based on locations in London and, in all likelihood, will be meaningless to people unfamiliar with the capital e.g. "[[Peckham Rye]]", meaning "tie" (as in necktie), which dates from the late 19th century; "[[Hampstead Heath]]", meaning "teeth" (usually as "Hampsteads”), which was first recorded in 1887 and "[[Barnet Fair]]", meaning "hair", which dates from the 1850s. (In these examples and many subsequent ones the final step of hemiteleia has been omitted in order to allow the reader more readily to trace the origin of the substituted words).

By the mid-20th century many rhyming slang expressions used the names of contemporary personalities, especially actors and performers: for example "[[Gregory Peck]]" meaning "neck" and also "cheque"; "[[Ruby Murray]]" meaning "curry"; "Alans", meaning "knickers" from [[Alan Whicker]]; "[[Max Miller (comedian)|Max Miller]]" meaning "pillow" when pronounced /ˈpilə/ and "[[Henry Hall (bandleader)|Henry Halls]]".

The use of personal names as rhymes continued into the late 20th century, for example "[[Tony Blair]]s" meaning "flares", as in trousers with a wide bottom (previously this was "[[Lionel Blair]]s" and this change illustrates the ongoing mutation of the forms of expression) and "[[Britney Spears]]", meaning "beers".

Many examples have passed into common usage. Some substitutions have become relatively widespread in England in their contracted form. "To have a butcher's", meaning to have a look, originates from "[[butcher]]'s hook", an S-shaped hook used by butchers to hang up meat, and dates from the late 19th century but has existed independently in general use from around the 1930s simply as "butchers". Similarly, "use your loaf", meaning "use your head", derives from "loaf of [[bread]]" and also dates from the late 19th century but came into independent use in the 1930s.<ref name="ayto" />.

Rhyming slang, in keeping with the rest of the language, is at the mercy of what one might loosely refer to as "false etymology". An example occurs that involves the term "barney", which has been used to mean an altercation or fight since the late 19th century, although without a clear derivation.<ref>Partridge,Eric, A concise dictionary of slang and unconventional English. Routledge, 1991:22. (ISBN 0-415-06352-3)</ref> Thus, in 1964, in ''[[A Hard Day's Night (film)|A Hard Day's Night]]'', [[John Lennon]] taunts the road manager into “having a barney”.<ref>''A Hard Day’s Night'', [[United Artists]], 1964</ref> In the 2001 feature film ''[[Ocean's Eleven (2001 film)|Ocean's Eleven]]'' [[Don Cheadle]] uses the term "barney" and the claim is made that this rhyme is derived from [[Barney Rubble]],<ref>[http://www.phrases.org.uk/bulletin_board/13/messages/932.html Re: Having a barney]</ref> ("trouble") with references to a character from the ''[[Flintstones]]'' cartoon show. This usage can be seen as either an abuse of history, or as a good example of the ever-changing nature of rhyming slang.

== Regional and international variations ==
Rhyming slang is used mainly in London in England but can to some degree be understood across the country. Some constructions, however, rely on particular regional accents for the rhymes to work. The term "Charing Cross" for example (a place in London) has been used to mean "horse" since the mid-19th century<ref name="ayto" /> but does not rhyme unless "cross" is pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|r|ɔː|s}} to rhyme with "course". A similar example is "Joanna" meaning "piano", which is based on the pronunciation of "piano" as "pianna" {{IPAc-en|p|i|ˈ|æ|n|ə}}). Unique formations also exist in other parts of the United Kingdom, such as in the East Midlands, where the local accent has formed "Derby Road", which rhymes with "cold", a conjunction that would not be possible elsewhere in the UK.

Outside England, rhyming slang is used in many English-speaking countries. In Australian slang the term for an English person is "[[Alternative words for British#Pommy|pommy]]", which has been proposed as a rhyme on "pomegranate" rhyming with "immigrant".<ref>The ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' cites a well-known Australian weekly, ''[[The Bulletin]]'', which on 14 November 1912 reported: "The other day a Pummy Grant (assisted immigrant) was handed a bridle and told to catch a horse." [http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50183640?single=1&query_type=word&queryword=pomegranate&first=1&max_to_show=10 Online Oxford English Dictionary entry for "Pomegranate"].</ref><ref>Partridge,Eric, A concise dictionary of slang and unconventional English. Routledge,1991:342. (ISBN 0-415-06352-3)</ref> A more recent Australian invention is the term "reginalds" to describe underpants (referred to as "undies" in Australian slang), from "Reg Grundies" after [[Reg Grundy]], the Australia media tycoon. In Australia and South Africa, the colloquial term "China" is derived from "mate" rhyming with "China plate" (the identical form, heard in expressions like "me old China" is also a long-established Cockney idiom).

In London rhyming slang is continually evolving, and new phrases are introduced all the time. As mentioned new personalities replace old ones (as in [[Lionel Blair|Lionel]]/[[Tony Blair]]s—flairs), or pop culture introduces new words—as in "I haven't a Scooby" (from [[Scooby-Doo (character)|Scooby Doo]], the eponymous cartoon dog of the [[Scooby-Doo|cartoon series]]) meaning "I haven't a clue".

==Rhyming slang and taboo terms==
Rhyming slang is often used as a substitute for words regarded as taboo, often to the extent that the association with the taboo word becomes unknown over time. "[[Wiktionary:berk|Berk]]" (often used to mean "foolish person") originates from the most famous of all [[fox hunting|fox hunts]], the "[[Berkeley Hunt]]" meaning "cunt"; "[[Wiktionary:cobblers|cobblers]]" (often used in the context "what you said is rubbish") originates from "[[Stitching awl|cobbler's awls]]", meaning "balls" (as in testicles); and "hampton" meaning "prick" (as in penis) originates from "[[Hampton Wick]]" (a place in London).

Lesser taboo terms include "[[pony]] and [[Trap_(carriage)#Types_of_horse-drawn_carriages|trap]]" for "crap" (as in defecate, but often used to denote nonsense or low quality); "[[D'Oyly Carte]]" for "fart"; "Jimmy Riddle" for "piddle" (as in [[urinate]]), "[[J. Arthur Rank]]" (a film mogul), or "ham shank" for "[[wank (sexual act)|wank]]", "Bristol Cities" for "titties", etc. "Taking the Mick" or "taking the Mickey" is thought to be a rhyming slang form of "taking the piss", where "Mick" came from "Mickey Bliss".<ref>[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:jUkMbR9n8FAJ:www.bbc.co.uk/history/programmes/wordhunt/whoweretheyextras.shtml+mickey+bliss&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk&source=www.google.co.uk "Who Were They?—Tricky Verdicts", from ''Balderdash and Piffle'', BBC, August 2007]</ref>

Rhyming slang terms for [[Jew]] have included "[[Chelsea Football Club|Chelsea Blue]]", "[[Glue|Stick of Glue]]", "[[dimensional lumber|Four by Two]]" and "[[Shoemaking|Buckle my shoe]]".

In December 2004 [[Joe Pasquale]], winner of the fourth series of [[ITV]]'s ''[[I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!]]'', became well known for his frequent use of the term "Jacobs", for [[Jacob's|Jacob's Crackers]], a rhyming slang term for knackers i.e. [[testicles]].

==Rhyming slang in popular culture==

Rhyming slang is used, then described and a number of examples suggested as part of dialogue in one scene of the 1967 film ''[[To Sir With Love]]'' starring [[Sidney Poitier]]. The English students are telling their foreign teacher that the slang is a drag and something for old people.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aSFoY3W3NM To Sir With Love] YouTube</ref>

In Britain rhyming slang had a resurgence of popular interest beginning in the 1970s resulting from its use in a number of London-based television programmes such as ''[[Steptoe and Son]]'', ''[[Mind Your Language]]'', ''[[The Sweeney]]'' (the title of which is itself rhyming slang—"Sweeney Todd" for "[[Flying Squad]]", a rapid response unit of London’s Metropolitan Police), ''[[Minder (TV series)|Minder]],<ref>Hawkins, Brian, The Phenomenon that was Minder. Chameleon Press, 2002 (ISBN 962-86812-1-4)</ref> '' ''[[Citizen Smith]]'', ''[[Only Fools and Horses]]'', and ''[[EastEnders]]''. ''Minder'' could be quite uncompromising in its use of obscure forms without any clarification. Thus the non-Cockney viewer was obliged to deduce that, say, "iron" was "male homosexual" ('iron' = 'iron hoof' = 'poof'). One episode in Series 5 of ''Steptoe and Son'' was entitled "Any Old Iron", for the same reason, when Albert thinks that Harold is 'on the turn'.

In ''[[The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin]]'', a comic twist was added to rhyming slang by way of spurious and fabricated examples which a young man had laboriously to explain to his father (e.g. 'dustbins' meaning 'children', as in 'dustbin lids' = 'kids'; 'Teds' being 'Ted Heath' and thus 'teeth'; and even 'Chitty Chitty' being 'Chitty Chitty Bang Bang', and thus 'rhyming slang'...).

In modern literature, Cockney rhyming slang is used frequently in the novels and short stories of [[Kim Newman]], for instance in the short story collections "The Man from the Diogenes Club" (2006) and "Secret Files of the Diogenes Club" (2007), where it is explained at the end of each book.<ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/sherlock/shamblesinbelgravia1.shtml Shambles in Belgravia] BBC Cult</ref> Also, in the novel [[Moving Pictures (novel)|Moving Pictures]] by [[Terry Pratchett]], this slang is frequently used.

In popular music, London-based artists such as [[Audio Bullys]] and [[Chas & Dave]] (and others from elsewhere in the UK, such as [[The Streets]], who are from Birmingham) frequently use rhyming slang in their songs. The UK punk scene of the late 1970s introduced bands that glorified their working-class heritage: [[Sham 69]] had a hit song "The Cockney Kids are Innocent". The idiom made a brief appearance in the UK-based DJ reggae music of the 1980s in the hit "Cockney Translation" by [[Smiley Culture]] of [[South London]]; this was followed a couple of years later by Domenick and Peter Metro's "Cockney and Yardie". The 1967 [[Kinks]] song "Harry Rag" was based on the usage of the name [[Harry Wragg]] as rhyming slang for "fag" (i.e. a cigarette).

In movies, Cary Grant's character teaches rhyming slang to his female companion in the film ''[[Mr. Lucky (film)|Mr. Lucky]]'' (1943) and describes it as Australian rhyming slang. The closing song of the 1969 [[Michael Caine]] crime caper, ''[[The Italian Job]]'', ("Getta Bloomin' Move On" a.k.a. "The Self Preservation Society") contains many slang terms. In present day feature films rhyming slang is often used to lend authenticity to an East End setting. Examples include ''[[Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels]]'' (1998) (wherein the slang is translated via subtitles in one scene); ''[[The Limey]]'' (1999); ''[[Sexy Beast]]'' (2000); ''[[Snatch (film)|Snatch]]'' (2000); ''[[Ocean's Eleven (2001 film)|Ocean's Eleven]]'' (2001); and ''[[Austin Powers in Goldmember]]'' (2002); ''[[It's All Gone Pete Tong]]'' (2004), after BBC radio disc jockey [[Pete Tong]] whose name is used in this context as rhyming slang for "wrong"; ''[[Green Street Hooligans]]'' (2005).

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="ayto">{{cite book
|last=Ayto
|first=John
|title=The Oxford Dictionary of Rhyming Slang
|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]
|year=2002
|isbn=0-19-280122-8
}}
</ref>

<ref name="vicweb">
{{cite web
|url=http://www.victorianweb.org/history/slang1.html
|title="Weeping Willow" stands for "Pillow": Victorian Rhyming Slang
|last=Sullivan
|first=Dick
|accessdate=16 January 2010}}
</ref>

<ref name="roberts">
{{cite book
|last=Roberts
|first=Chri
s|title=Heavy Words Lightly Thrown: The Reason Behind Rhyme
|publisher=Thorndike Press|year=2006
|isbn=0-7862-8517-6}}
</ref>

}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rhyming Slang}}
[[Category:Rhyming slang|*]]
[[Category:British society]]
[[Category:English language in England]]
[[Category:Forms of English]]

[[es:Jerga rimada Cockney]]
[[fr:Rhyming slang]]
[[nl:Cockney rhyming slang]]

Minneapolis City Hall

2012-03-02T09:30:39Z

Luch4: /* Architecture */

{{Infobox NRHP | name =Minneapolis City Hall-Hennepin County Courthouse
| nrhp_type =
| image =Minneapolis City Hall circa 1900.jpg
| caption =Minneapolis City Hall, Franklin Bidwell Long and [[Frederick Kees]], architects, finished 1906 (view from northeast)
| location= [[Minneapolis, MN]]
| coordinates = {{coord|44.9773|N|93.2654|W |format=dms |region:US-MN_type:landmark |display=inline,title}}
| area =
| built=1888 - 1909
| added = December 4, 1974
| governing_body = Municipal Building Commission
| architect= [[Long and Kees]]
| architecture= [[Richardson Romanesque]]
| refnum=74001022
}}

'''Minneapolis City Hall and Hennepin County Courthouse''' (also known as the "Municipal Building"), designed by [[Long and Kees]] in 1888, is the main building used by the city government of [[Minneapolis, Minnesota]] as well as by [[Hennepin County, Minnesota]]. The structure has served many different purposes since it was built, although today the building is 60 percent occupied by the city and 40 percent occupied by the County. The building is jointly owned by the city and county divided right down the middle and controlled by the '''[http://www.municipalbuildingcommission.org/ Municipal Building Commission]'''. The Commission consists of the chair of the County Board, the mayor of the City of Minneapolis, a member of the County Board and a member of the [[Minneapolis City Council]]. The County Board chair serves as the president of the Commission and the mayor serves as the vice president.The City Hall and Courthouse was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1974.

==Architecture==
The building replaced an earlier City Hall that existed from 1873 until 1912 near the old intersection between [[Hennepin Avenue]] and [[Nicollet Avenue]]. That structure eventually was razed to make way for Gateway Park, which continues to occupy part of the old City Hall site. The building also replaced an earlier courthouse and also the earlier Hennepin County Jail, which was located where the [[Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome]] now stands.

The building, located at 350 South Fifth Street, is an example of [[Richardsonian Romanesque]] architecture. The design is based upon [[Henry Hobson Richardson]]'s [[Allegheny County Courthouse]] in [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]]. Washington School, the first schoolhouse in Minneapolis west of the Mississippi River, was demolished to make way for the new building. Groundbreaking took place in 1889, and the cornerstone was laid (a story off the ground) in 1891. Construction did not officially end until 1909, although the structural exterior was essentially complete by the end of 1895. The county began moving in to its side (4th Ave.) shortly after that, although the city (3rd Ave.) side was not fully occupied until 1906. Cost was about $3,554,000, which works out to 28¢ per cubic foot ($10/m³).

When constructed, the building claimed to have the world's largest [[clock]]. At 23 feet, 4 inches (slightly over 7 meters), the faces are four inches (10 cm) wider than those of the [[Great Clock of Westminster|Great Clock]] in London (which houses the famous hour bell [[Clock Tower, Palace of Westminster|Big Ben]]). The tower housing the clock reaches 345 feet (105 m) in height, and was the tallest structure in the city until the 1920s when the [[Foshay Tower]] was built. A 15-[[bell (instrument)|bell]] [[chime]] in the tower is played regularly, with noontime concerts provided to the public on holidays and on Fridays and certain Sundays during the warm months. The chime was originally 10 bells, and it was first played on March 10, 1896.

The building is built of [[Ortonville, Minnesota|Ortonville]] [[granite]], with many stones greater than 20 tons in weight. The granite was originally only going to be used for the foundation of the building, with brick used for the upper portion. However, the public appreciated the appearance of the foundation so much that they lobbied for the entire building to be made of granite. This may be a reason for the significant cost overruns — it was originally expected to cost only $1.15 million.

Unlike most buildings in downtown Minneapolis, there aren't any [[skyway]]s connecting the city hall to the rest of the city. Since any attempt at that would have been architecturally disastrous, [[tunnel]]s were constructed instead. Public pedestrian tunnels connect the building to the [[Hennepin County Government Center]] under 5th Street, and to the U.S. Courthouse under 4th Street. There are also restricted tunnels for use by the sheriff connecting under 4th Avenue to the Hennepin County Jail and to the Government Center. The [[Hiawatha Line|Blue Line]] [[light rail]] line has a stop on the south side of the building: the [[Government Plaza (Hiawatha Line station)|Government Plaza station]].

[[Image:Minneapolis Council Chambers 1900.JPG|thumb|left|250px|City council chambers around 1900]]

===Interior===
[[Image:Minneapolis City Hall.jpg|thumb|right|200px|City Hall with current copper roof]]
[[File:Father of Waters sculpture in Minneapolis City Hall.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The "Father of Waters" sculpture]]
Inside, on the 4th Street side, there is a large five-story [[rotunda (architecture)|rotunda]] including a large sculpture, "Father of Waters," by American sculptor [[Larkin Goldsmith Mead]] who lived in [[Florence, Italy]] at the time. According to legend, rubbing his big toe brings good luck. It was completed and placed inside the building in 1906.

Originally, the building had a red [[terra cotta]] roof, but it began leaking so a copper roof was installed. At 180,000 pounds (81.6 t), it was said to be the largest in the country. The copper has since acquired its characteristic green [[patina]].

Over the years, some of the larger spaces in the building were subdivided to make more office space. In the 1940s and 1950s, the city built a mezzanine floor over its side of the 3rd floor, and the county built an annex building on its side of the courtyard. In 1981, a committee plan recommended converting some of the spaces back to their original design and that other spaces be converted to a more modern design with corridors fronting onto the courtyard instead of going through the middle of each floor. The plan also called for the annex building in the courtyard to be demolished, the courtyard domed, and the Father of Waters sculpture moved in there. Many of these aspects of the plan were rejected, although restoration of certain historic spaces is still under consideration.

==See also==
*[[Minneapolis City Council]]
*[[List of tallest buildings in Minnesota]]

==References==
*(2001). [http://www.mplib.org/history/cg3.asp A History of Minneapolis: Municipal Building.] Minneapolis Public Library. Accessed September 18, 2004.
*Steve Ristuben and William Scott (1981). HABS/HAER MN-30 documentation. National Park Service/[http://memory.loc.gov/ Library of Congress.] Accessed September 19, 2004.
*More images. [http://www.flickr.com/search/?s=int&ss=2&w=68612399@N00&q=%22historic+minneapolis+city+hall%22&m=tags Public images.] Images from flickr.

==External links==
*[http://www.municipalbuildingcommission.org Official site]
*[http://www.towerbellfoundation.org Tower Bell Foundation] non-profit group that produces concerts on the chime

{{start box}}
{{succession box|
before=[[Metropolitan Building (Minneapolis)|Metropolitan Building]]|
title=[[List of tallest buildings in Minneapolis|Tallest Building in Minneapolis]]|
years=1895—1929 104 m|
after=[[Foshay Tower]]}}
{{end box}}
{{Minneapolis skyscrapers}}
{{Registered Historic Places}}

[[Category:Government buildings completed in 1909]]
[[Category:City and town halls in Minnesota]]
[[Category:County courthouses in Minnesota]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Minneapolis, Minnesota]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Minneapolis, Minnesota]]
[[Category:Rotundas]]
[[Category:Skyscrapers in Minneapolis, Minnesota]]
[[Category:Skyscrapers between 100 and 149 meters]]
[[Category:Clock towers in the United States]]
[[Category:Bell towers in the United States]]
[[Category:Romanesque Revival architecture in Minnesota]]
[[Category:Richardsonian Romanesque architecture]]

[[de:Minneapolis City Hall and Hennepin County Courthouse]]

Nicollet Island

2012-01-24T07:06:51Z

Luch4:

[[Image:Nicollet Island Inn MN.jpg|thumb|Visitors get ready for a ride in a horsedrawn carriage near the Nicollet Island Inn.]]
'''Nicollet Island''' is an island in the [[Mississippi River]] just north of downtown [[Minneapolis, Minnesota]], named for cartographer, [[Joseph Nicollet]]. [[DeLaSalle High School (Minneapolis)|DeLaSalle High School]] and the Nicollet Island Inn are located there, as well as three [[multi-family residential]] buildings and twenty-two restored [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]]-era houses located on the north end of the island. The Inn was built in 1893 as the Island Sash and Door Company.

The [[Hennepin Avenue Bridge]] crosses the Mississippi here connecting [[Northeast Minneapolis]] to downtown.

The south end of the island is home to the Nicollet Island Pavilion and the Bell of Two Friends, a gift from the city of [[Ibaraki, Osaka]] Japan. The pavilion was built in 1893 as the William Brothers Boiler Works. Nearby was a large Island Power building, which was razed in 1937. It housed a variety of shops driven by a cable connected to a [[hydropower|water-powered]] wheel near Hennepin Island.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]] the island has a land area of {{convert|194407|m2|sqmi|sigfig=2}} and a [[United States Census, 2000|2000 census]] population of 144 persons{{citation needed}}.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
Image:Lowerend.jpg|Lower end of Nicollet Island in 2006
Image:IronBridge.jpg|[[King Bridge Company]] plaque on [[Merriam Street Bridge]] connecting Nicollet Island with St. Anthony
Image:IslandInn.jpg|Nicollet Island Inn
Image:IslandPavilion.jpg|Nicollet Island Pavilion
Image:BellofTwoFriends.jpg|Bell of Two Friends; the nearby plaque says, "This sculpture represents a greatly enlarged half-mold of a dotaku bell found in [[Ibaraki, Japan]]. Such bells date to the [[Yayoi period]] of Japanese history, approximately 2000 years ago. The exact purpose of [[Dotaku]] bells is lost to history, but it is felt that they were largely ceremonial, rather than functional. The surface design of the bell suggests the importance of the ever-present waters and mountains of [[Japan]]."
</gallery>
{{Wide image|Panorama-Minneapolis-1915.jpg|1000px|[[Mississippi River|Mississippi]] riverfront and [[Saint Anthony Falls]] in 1915. In the foreground to the right are Nicollet Island and the [[Hennepin Avenue Bridge]], note the left side of the island, currently a park and the Nicollet Island Inn, is filled with milling buildings. At left, [[Pillsbury "A" Mill|Pillsbury]], power plants and the [[Stone Arch Bridge (Minneapolis)|Stone Arch Bridge]]. Today the [[Minnesota Historical Society]]'s Mill City Museum is in the [[Washburn "A" Mill]], across the river just to the left of the falls. At center left are [[Northwestern Consolidated Milling Company|Northwestern Consolidated]] mills. The tall building is [[Minneapolis City Hall]].}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Nicollet Island}}
* [http://www.nicolletisland.org/ Nicollet Island Home Page]
* [http://millcity.pconline.com/Plaque%20project/ Nicollet Island Memorial Bridge]
* [http://www.nicolletislandinn.com/ Nicollet Island Inn]
* [http://www.minneapolis-riverfront.com/ Minneapolis Riverfront District]

{{coord|44.98745|N|93.26320|W|source:placeopedia|display=title}}

[[Category:Islands of Minnesota]]
[[Category:Islands of the Mississippi River]]
[[Category:Geography of Minneapolis, Minnesota]]
[[Category:Mississippi National River and Recreation Area]]
[[Category:Parks in Minneapolis, Minnesota]]
[[Category:Protected areas on the Mississippi River]]
[[Category:Regional parks in Minnesota]]

[[es:Isla Nicollet]]

Volga–Don Canal

2012-01-05T21:36:42Z

Luch4:

{{coord|48|34|12|N|44|09|00|E|region:RU_type:waterbody|display=title|name=end}}

[[File:Volgograd 1979.jpg|thumb|The Volga–Don Canal starts south of Volgograd, near the settlement of Krasnoarmeysk, and runs west and north-west, falling into the Tsimlyansk Reservoir near Volgodonskoy. The proposed Volga–Don II canal (not shown on map) would start north of Volgograd, near Yerzovka.]]

'''Lenin Volga–Don Shipping Canal''' ({{lang-ru|Волго–Донской судоходный канал имени В. И. Ленина}}, abbreviated ВДСК, ''VDSK'') is a [[canal]] which connects the [[Volga River]] and the [[Don River, Russia|Don River]] at their closest points. The length of the [[waterway]] is 101 km (45 km through [[rivers]] and [[reservoir (water)|reservoirs]]).

The canal forms a part of the Unified Deep Water System of European Russia. Together with the lower Volga and the lower Don, the Volga–Don Canal provides the most direct navigable connection between the [[Caspian Sea]] and the [[Sea of Azov]], and thus the world's oceans.

== History ==

As the lower course of the Don approaches the lower course of the Volga near today's [[Volgograd]], the idea of connecting the two rivers by an artificial waterway goes back a long way in history. The first recorded canal work was done by the [[Ottoman Turks]] in 1569.

[[Image:Судоходный канал.JPG|thumb|300px|left| Lock No. 14 on the Volga-Don Canal]]

After capturing [[Azov]] in 1696, [[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]] decided to build the canal, but, because of a lack of resources and other problems, this attempt was abandoned in 1701 without success. In 1701, he initiated a second attempt (the so-called ''Ivanovsky Canal'') under the administration of [[Knyaz]] [[Matvey Gagarin]]. Instead of connecting the lower course of the Don with the lower course of the Volga near the present canal, the Ivanovsky Canal connected the upper course of the Don in what is now [[Tula Oblast]]. Between 1702 and 1707, twenty-four [[ship lock|lock]]s were constructed, and, in 1707, about 300 ships passed the canal under remarkably difficult navigation conditions. In 1709 due to financial difficulties caused by the [[Great Northern War]], the project was stopped. In 1711, under terms of the [[Treaty of the Pruth]], Russia left Azov and Peter the Great lost all interest in the canal, which was abandoned and fell into ruin.<ref>[http://www.skitalets.ru/books/star_puti/index.htm Plechko L.A. Old water routes], Moscow, 1985. {{ru icon}}</ref><ref>[http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/brokgauz_efron/43688/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9 Ivanovsky Canal] {{ru icon}}</ref> Over time, other projects for connecting the two rivers appeared, but these were not attempted.

The actual construction of today's Volga–Don Canal, designed by [[Sergey Yakovlevich Zhuk|Sergey Zhuk]]'s [[Hydroproject]] Institute, began prior to the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]] campaign of 1941–1945, which would interrupt the process. From 1948 to 1952, construction was completed; navigation was opened June 1, 1952. The canal and its facilities were predominantly built by prisoners detained in several specially organized [[corrective labor camp]]s. In 1952 the number of convicts employed in construction topped 100,000.

Upon completion, the Volga–Don Canal became an important link of the Unified Deep Water Transportation System of the [[Europe]]an part of the [[USSR]].

==Operation==
The canal starts at the Sarepta backwater on the Volga River (south of [[Volgograd]]; Lock No. 1 and the gateway arch are at {{coord|48|31|10|N|44|33|10|E|name=start}}) and ends in the [[Tsimlyansk Reservoir]] of the Don River at the town of [[Kalach-na-Donu]]. The canal has nine one-chamber [[canal lock]]s on the Volga slope, which can raise ships 88 m, and four canal locks of the same kind on the Don slope, which can lower ships 44 m. The overall dimensions of the canal locks are smaller than of those on the Volga River, however they can pass ships of up to 5,000 [[tonnes]] [[Tonnage#Weight measurements|cargo capacity]]. The smallest locks are 145 m long,
17.0 m wide and 3.6 m deep. Maximum allowed vessel size is 140 m long, 16.6 m wide and 3.5 m deep (so-called Volgo–Don Max Class).

[[Image:Volga-don panorama.JPG|thumb|400px|panorama of Canal]]

The Volga–Don Canal is filled from the Don river; three powerful [[pumping station]]s maintain water levels. Water is also removed from the canal and used for [[irrigation]].

Types of [[cargo]] transported from the Don region to the Volga region include [[coal]] from [[Donetsk]], [[mineral]]s, [[building material]]s, and [[cereal|grain]]. Cargoes from the Volga to the Don include [[lumber]], [[pyrites]], and [[petroleum products]] (carried mostly by [[Volgotanker]] boats). Tourist ships travel both ways.

The Volga–Don Canal, together with the Tsimlyansky water-engineering system (chief architect [[Leonid Polyakov]]), form part of an [[Stalinist architecture|architectural ensemble]] dedicated to the battles for [[Tsaritsyn]] during the [[Russian Civil War]] and for [[Stalingrad]] during the [[German-Soviet War]]. The Russian [[European classical music|classical]] composer [[Sergei Prokofiev]] wrote the [[tone poem]] ''The Meeting of the Volga and the Don'' to celebrate its completion.

According to the Maritime Board (''Morskaya Kollegiya'') of the Russian Government, 10.9 million tonnes of cargo were carried over the Volga–Don Canal in 2004.<ref>[http://www.morskayakollegiya.ru/morsk/morskie_i_rechny/rechnoj_transpor/ Морская коллегия: Речной транспорт] (Maritime Board: River Transport) {{ru icon}}</ref>

An alternate (not necessarily comparable) source claims 8.05 million tonnes of cargo was transported through the canal in total in 2006. Most of the cargo was moved from the east to the west: namely, 7.20 million tonnes were transported through the canal from the Volga/Caspian basin to the Don/Sea of Azov/Black Sea basin, and only 0.85 million tonnes in the opposite direction. Just over half of all cargo was oil or oil products (4.14 million tonnes), predominantly shipped from the Caspian region.<ref>[http://www.kommersant.ru/doc-rss.aspx?DocsID=1045633 "Взвесить все"] (Supplement to the [[Kommersant]] newspaper, No. 195/P(4012), 27.10.2008 {{ru icon}}</ref>

It was reported in 2007 that in the first 55 years of the canal's operations 450,000 vessels had passed through carrying 336 million tonnes of cargo. Recent cargo volume stood at 12 million tonnes a year.<ref>[http://transportrussia.ru/2007-07-12/reaver/evrazia.html «Водный мир» для Евразии] ("Eurasia's 'Water World'"), ''Transport Rossii'', No. 28 (472) 12 July, 2007. {{ru icon}}
</ref>
[[File:TeploxodStalina1953.jpg|thumb|300px| Stamp illustration of a [[Lock (water transport)|lock]] on the Volga–Don Canal (1953) ({{coord|47|33|5.84|N|42|08|10.26|E|name=lock}})]]
== Future ==
In the 1980s, construction started on a second canal between the Volga and the Don. The new canal, dubbed [[Volga–Don 2]] ({{lang-ru|[[:ru:Волго-Дон 2|Волго-Дон 2]], ''Volgo–Don 2''}}; {{coord|48|56|37|N|44|30|25|E|type:waterbody_region:RU|name=Volgo-Don 2 start}}) would start from the township of Yerzovka on the [[Volgograd Reservoir]], north (upstream) of the [[Volga Hydroelectric Station|Volga Dam]], as opposed to the existing Volga–Don Canal, which starts south (downstream) of the dam.<ref name=godlevsky>Петр ГОДЛЕВСКИЙ, [http://www.businesspress.ru/newspaper/article_mId_21962_aId_440703.html «ВОЛГО-ДОН 2» — ШАГ В БУДУЩЕЕ]. «Торговая газета», номер 4-5(434—435) от 23.01.2008</ref> This canal would reduce the number of locks that ships coming from the [[Volgograd Reservoir]] – or from any other Volga or [[Kama River|Kama]] port farther north – would have to traverse on their way to the Don. The project was abruptly canceled on the first of August 1990 due to financial considerations, although by that time more than 40 percent of allocated funds had already been spent.<ref name=godlevsky/><ref>D. J. Peterson, «Troubled Lands: The Legacy of Soviet Environmental Destruction»[http://www.rand.org/pubs/commercial_books/CB367/chap3.pdf Chapter 3]</ref><ref>[http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=266437 "ВОЛГО-ДОН-II: МЫ СТРОИЛИ, СТРОИЛИ И ЧТО?"] (We have been building... So what?") Журнал «Власть» (''[[Kommersant]]-Vlast'' Magazine), No. 30, 30.07.1990 {{ru icon}}</ref> Since then most of the stone and metal in the abandoned canal and its locks has been looted.<ref>[http://www.rol.ru/news/misc/news/00/11/14_221.htm "Строительство второго Волго-Донского канала, на нужды которого в свое время было затрачено 750 миллионов рублей, было заморожено 10 лет назад. А приехавшие по призыву комсомола люди так и остались там жить."] (14.11.2000) </ref>

As of 2007–2008, Russian authorities are considering two options for increasing the throughput of navigable waterways between the Caspian basin and the Black Sea. One option, for which the name "Volga–Don 2" has been reused, is to build a second parallel channel ("second thread") of the Volga–Don Canal, equipped with larger locks {{convert|300|m|ft}} long. This plan would allow for an increase in the canal's annual cargo throughput from 16.5 million tonnes to 30 million tonnes. The other option, which seems to have more support from [[Kazakhstan]]<ref>[http://www.inform.kz/showarticle.php?lang=eng&id=164835 Nazarbayev insists on Eurasian canal construction] Kazinform, 22-May-2008</ref> (who would be either canal's major customer), is to build the so-called [[Eurasia Canal]] along a more southerly route in the [[Kuma–Manych Depression]], some sections of which currently form part of the much shallower [[Manych Ship Canal]]. Although the second option would require digging a longer canal than Volga–Don, and would be of less use to vessels coming from the Volga, it would provide a more direct connection between the Caspian and the Sea of Azov. The Eurasia Canal would also require fewer locks than the Volga–Don, as elevations in the Kuma–Manych Depression are lower than the Volga–Don area.<ref>[http://www.upi.com/International_Security/Energy/Analysis/2008/02/07/analysis_russia_kazakhs_eye_rival_canals/5702/ Analysis: Russia, Kazakhs eye rival canals]</ref>

==See also==
*[[Volgodonsk]]

==References==
{{kml}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Volga River}}

[[Category:Ship canals]]
[[Category:Canals in Russia]]
[[Category:Gulag]]
[[Category:Volga basin]]

[[ca:Canal Volga-Don]]
[[da:Volga-Don-Kanalen]]
[[de:Wolga-Don-Kanal]]
[[es:Canal Volga-Don]]
[[fr:Canal Don-Volga]]
[[it:Canale Volga-Don]]
[[he:תעלת הוולגה-דון]]
[[lt:Volgos-Dono kanalas]]
[[nl:Wolga-Donkanaal]]
[[ja:ヴォルガ・ドン運河]]
[[no:Volga-Donkanalen]]
[[pl:Kanał Wołga-Don]]
[[pt:Canal Volga-Don]]
[[ru:Волго-Донской канал]]
[[fi:Volgan–Donin kanava]]
[[sv:Volga-Donkanalen]]
[[tr:Volga-Don Kanalı]]
[[uk:Волго-Донський канал]]
[[ur:ڈون۔وولگا نہر]]
[[zh:伏爾加-頓河運河]]

DDT (band)

2011-11-22T12:41:15Z

Luch4: /* Discography */ it's done

: ''For other uses: see [[DDT (disambiguation)]].''
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = DDT
| image = Jurij-sjevtjuk-2007-08-14 (18.09.2008 edit).jpg
| caption = Yuri Shevchuk in 2007
| image_size = 
| background = group_or_band
| alias =
| origin = [[USSR]], [[Russia]]
| instrument =
| genre = [[Hard rock]], [[Folk rock]]
| occupation =
| years_active = 1980–present
| label = Teatr DDT
| associated_acts =
| website = http://www.ddt.ru
| current_members = [[Yuri Shevchuk]] Pavel Borisov Aleksey Fedichev Tyoma Mamai Konstantin Shumaylov Ivan Vasilyev
| past_members = Vladimir Sigachov Rustem Asanbayev Rustam Karimov Gennady Rodin Nikita Zaytsev Andrey Vasilyev Sergey Ryjenko Igor Dotsenko Mikhail Chernov
| notable_instruments =
}}
'''DDT''' (or '''ДДТ''' in [[Cyrillic]]) is a popular [[Russia]]n [[rock band]] founded by its lead singer, [[Yuri Shevchuk]] (Юрий Шевчук), in [[Ufa]] ([[Bashkir ASSR]], [[RSFSR]]) in [[1980]]. It is one of the most successful and prolific Russian musical groups of the 20th and 21st centuries.

==History==
===1980-1985===
The band was formed in 1980<ref>[http://english.ddt.ru/history/ History of DDT, Official site]</ref> and originally consisted of 5 members:
* [[Yuri Shevchuk]] — vocals, guitar
* [[Vladimir Sigachyov]] — keyboard
* [[Rustem Asanbayev]] — guitar
* [[Gennady Rodin]] — bass
* [[Rustam Karimov]] — percussion<ref>[http://www.russia-ic.com/people/general/s/424/ Yuri Shevchuk]</ref>

In 1982, ''[[Komsomolskaya Pravda]]'' paper declared a competition for young music performers called ''[[Zolotoy Kamerton]]'' (Golden Tuning Fork). DDT submitted three compositions - "Inoplanetyane" (Aliens), "Chyornoye solntse" (Black Sun), and "Ne strelyai!" (Don't Shoot!). During the long-running competition, the group published their first album (on tape), ''[[Svinya na raduge]]'' (''Pig on a Rainbow''). The album contained elements of [[rock and roll]], [[blues]] and [[country music]]. During this time Russian popular music was divided between sanctioned "official" performers who were admitted to the musicians union, and unofficial artists. Unofficial artists were often highly trained musicians who also had other jobs. A complex underground network evolved in the 1980s and "unofficial" music became widely distributed (although, of course, without any compensation for the artists), in a similar way to the underground channels that had existed for non-state sanctioned literature ([[samizdat]]). Such "underground" artists became widely known, and their unofficial albums were sometimes mentioned in the press. In the 1980s, DDT straddled the line between underground and sanctioned artists, but leaned more towards the unsanctioned category.

DDT's submission to ''Zolotoy Kamerton'' reached the finals and the group was invited to perform in a concert at [[Moscow]]'s [[Orlyonok complex]], together with the other finalist, [[Rok-sentyabr]] (Rock-September) from [[Cherepovets]]. DDT and three members of Rock-September, [[Vyacheslav Korbin]], [[Yevgeny Belozyorov]] and [[Andrey Maslennikov]], soon produced a collaborative album (on tape), ''[[Monolog v Saigone]]'' (''Monologue in Saigon''). After recording the album, Sigachyov and Shevchuk returned to [[Ufa]].

Sigachyov distanced himself from the group, while Shevchuk recruited new members including Rodin, [[drummer]] [[Sergey Rudogo]], [[guitarist]] [[Rustam Rezvanov]] and [[Keyboard instrument|keyboard]] player [[Vladislav Strochillo]].

In May 1983, DDT successfully performed at the [[Luzhniki Stadium]] in Moscow, as part of a three-day, sanctioned festival, "[[Rok za mir]]" (Rock for Peace). Their performance, however, was edited out of the official television program covering the event.

The new collective produced the album ''[[Periferia]]'' (''Periphery'') in April 1984. After recording this album, some members of the group began to be watched and contacted by the [[KGB]]. Their music was banned, forcing them to go underground. In some ways this made them even more popular among young Soviets.

Although they never considered themselves political activists, Shevchuk always felt it his duty as a citizen and a songwriter to address not only the strengths but the weaknesses of his country's government, a stance none too popular in the U.S.S.R. DDT continued to work as a "non-conformist" group, producing albums and giving concerts throughout the Soviet Union. This was no easy feat, as they received little if any money for the records they produced during this period, and very little for their concerts as well. Like other dissident artists, they survived through a combination of cleverness, perseverance, and wit.

Shevchuk spent some time in Sverdlovsk (present-day [[Yekaterinburg]]), performing with the group [[Urfin Juis]]. In November 1985, DDT recorded the album ''Vremya'' (''Time'') in Moscow.<ref>[http://www.rockanet.ru/100/58.phtml 100 МАГНИТОАЛЬБОМОВ СОВЕТСКОГО РОКА] {{ru icon}}</ref>

===1986-1997===

In 1986, Shevchuk moved to Leningrad (now [[Saint Petersburg]]) with his wife, son and mother. This relocation also helped him to establish himself at the forefront of the Russian rock scene. In 1987 he rebuilt DDT. Its new members included:
*[[Vadim Kurylev]] — bass
*[[Andrey Vasiliev]] — guitar
*[[Igor Dotsenko]] — drums
*Nikita Zaitsev — violin, guitar
*[[Mikhail Chernov (musician)|Mikhail "Uncle Misha" Chernov]] — saxophone
*[[Andrey Muratov]] — keyboard

In June 1987, DDT performed at a St Petersburg rock-club festival. DDT performed in front of a crowd of 3,000, even though the venue's capacity was 1,000.

In the summer of 1988, DDT toured across the [[USSR]], and recorded a new album, ''[[Ottepel]]'' (''Thaw''). In 1988 they also made their first visit to the U.S., their concert in Los Angeles was covered by MTV.<ref>[http://english.ddt.ru/history/ History of DDT, Official site]</ref>

In 1989, they went on another tour with the group [[Alisa]], performing also at a rock festival in [[Hungary]]. In 1990, DDT performed several concerts in the [[United States|U.S.]] and [[Japan]]. They also performed as part of a concert in honor of [[Viktor Tsoy]]. After the U.S.S.R.'s collapse in 1991, DDT became even more popular at home and abroad, as their albums and concerts began to be broadcast and publicized widely. In 1991, DDT recorded another album, the bleak and keyboards-heavy ''[[Plastun (album)]]'' (''Crawler''), but after many months of work Shevchuk decided to shelve it; it was finally released in 1995.

In 1992 DDT released the album ''[[Aktrisa Vesna]]'' (''The Actress Spring''). This album yielded many hits, especially ''What is Autumn'' (Что такое осень). After releasing it, the band toured extensively. Soon afterwards the group changed its performance strategy by adding "programmes" - conceptually prepared concerts - to its repertoire. During December 1992 and January 1993, DDT presented its first program, ''[[Chyorny Pyos Peterburg]]'' (Black Dog Petersburg), and toured widely in [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] countries. On May 27, 1993, the anniversary of the founding of St. Petersburg, DDT performed a free concert on [[Palace Square|Dvortsovaya Square]].<ref>[http://www.russia-ic.com/people/general/s/424/ Yuri Shevchuk]</ref> 120,000 people attended.

During the summer of 1994, DDT took part in the rock festival [[White Nights of St. Petersburg]] in [[Berlin]]. That autumn, the group was awarded the prestigious [[Ovatsiya award]] (Ovation) for Best Rock Group of the Year. Yuri Shevchuk was also named Best Rock Musician of the Year.

In the beginning of 1994, a new album, ''[[Eto vsyo…]]'' (''That's all…''), was recorded. In January, Shevchuk went on a peace mission to [[Chechnya]], where he performed 50 concerts for both Russian troops and Chechen citizens alike.

On June 25, 1995, DDT performed a solo concert in [[Petrovsky stadium]], which attracted tens of thousands of fans.

Afterwards, the group toured with its newest programme, ''[[Ot i do]]'' (''From and To''). At the end of the winter of 1995–1996, the group worked in the USA. In February–March 1996, they recorded a new album, ''[[Lyubov (album)|Lyubov]]'' (''Love''), at [[Long View Farm]] in [[Massachusetts]] with two new musicians: bassist I. Tikhomirov (from the group [[Kino (band)|Kino]]) and keyboard player D. Galitsky.

In the summer of 1996, upon their return from the United States, the group headlined several festivals, including [[VladiROCKstok]], the first large-scale international music festival in the formerly closed city of [[Vladivostok]] on the Sea of Japan.

===1998-present===
[[File:DDT autograph session.jpg|thumb|right|270 px|DDT during the autograph-session in [[Moscow]], 2011]]
In May 1998, the band presented the new album ''Mir nomer nol'' (''World number zero'') which contained influences from [[industrial music]] and a wide use of computer technologies.

Since that time, the band has won many Russian music awards and numerous humanitarian citations for their creative and charitable work. Today, DDT is one of the most popular rock groups in Russia, and their concerts attract tens of thousands of people. Shevchuk and his group also regularly travel throughout the C.I.S. and other former Soviet republics to give benefit concerts: in the spring and summer of 2002, 10 out of 11 concerts that the band played were benefits for various social and cultural organizations. They are also reaching an ever-growing audience in the U.S. and Europe, and for the past 20 years have traveled frequently throughout the world making ever more converts to their unique sound. Shevchuk's music and lyrics are not only influenced by traditional "western" rock music, but also by the entire scope of Russian folk, classical, and religious music.<ref>[http://english.ddt.ru/history/ History of DDT, Official site]</ref> In many respects their years as an underground group shaped their philosophy towards their art. The question of their music's marketability was never part of the song writing process for there was no "market" in which to compete.

In 2005, they celebrated their 25th anniversary with an extended tour throughout Russia, Europe, and North America, and released a new CD entitled ''Propavshy bez vesti'' (''Vanished Without a Trace'') to huge critical acclaim.<ref>[http://english.ddt.ru/history/ History of DDT, Official site]</ref>

In 2007 DDT released the album ''Prekrasnaya lyobov''' (''Wonderful Love''), a collection of previously unreleased songs which had been performed by the group for many years in addition to several new songs.
[[File:DDT during the 2011 tour.jpg|thumb|270 px|DDT during the ''Inache''2011 tour]]
On March 3, 2008, DDT performed at the [[Dissenters' March]] in St. Petersburg to protest the controversial and possibly unfair election of [[Dmitry Medvedev]] as President of Russia. Recently, Shevchuk received considerable media attention following a pointed dialogue with Prime Minister [[Vladimir Putin]] in which he openly confronted him (on state television) with questions regarding such controversial topics as democracy, freedom of speech, assembly, and the press in Russia.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/01/world/europe/01russia.html?_r=2&scp=1&sq=Shevchuk&st=cse NY Times, Break in Protocol for a Rock Star With Putin, By MICHAEL SCHWIRTZ, May 31, 2010]</ref>

On September 24 and 26, 2008, DDT presented an anti-war program called ''Ne strelyay!'' (''Don't Shoot!''). These concerts were dedicated to victims of local wars, particularly the victims of the [[2008 South Ossetia war|war in South Ossetia]]. The concert in [[Saint Petersburg|Petersburg]] was shown on TV by [[Petersburg – Channel 5|Channel 5]] without commercial breaks.

In the summer of 2009, DDT participated in the "Rok nad Volgoy" festival ("Rock above Volga") in Samara and in the international music festival "Sotvorenie mira" ("World creation") in [[Kazan]].<ref>[http://www.sotmira.ru/uchastniki/2009/ddt Sotvorenie mira, Official site]</ref>

Om September 2, 2009, the band perfomed on [[All-Russia Exhibition Centre|VVC Square]] to protest against destruction of historical buildings in Moscow.

In 2011, DDT released the album ''Inache'' (''Otherwise''). The band is preparing to embark on a worldwide tour in 2011.

Shevchuk put together the first incarnation of the band in the summer of 1980, and although its members have changed over the years, Shevchuk continues to voice the concerns and frustrations of the Russian people in his music today just as he did in the band's infancy. The more than 20 albums in DDT's discography not only chronicle the history of a rock group; they are narratives that examine all aspects of life in the Soviet Union and Russia over the past 30 years.

==Discography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Transliterated title !! Original title !! Translation !! Year of release
|-
| Svinya na raduge || Свинья на радуге || Pig on a Rainbow || 1982
|-
| Kompromiss || Компромисс || Compromise || 1983
|-
| Periferiya || Периферия || Periphery || 1984
|-
| Vremya || Время || Time || 1985
|-
| Ya poluchil etu rol || Я получил эту роль || I received this role || 1988
|-
| Ottepel || Оттепель || Thaw || 1990
|-
| Plastun || Пластун || Scout ''(this is an archaic term originating with the Cossacks, see [[Plastun]])'' || 1991
|-
| Aktrisa Vesna || Актриса Весна || Spring the Actress || 1992
|-
| Chyorny pyos Peterburg || Чёрный пёс Петербург || Black Dog Petersburg (live album)|| 1993
|-
| Eto vsyo || Это всё || This is Everything ''(or: This is All)'' || 1994
|-
| Lyubov || Любовь || Love || 1996
|-
| Rozhdyonny v SSSR || Рождённый в СССР || Born in the USSR || 1997
|-
| Mir nomer nol (Single) || Мир номер ноль || World number zero (single) || 1998
|-
| Mir nomer nol || Мир номер ноль || World number zero || 1999
|-
| Prosvistela || Просвистела || (It) whistled by (compilation)|| 1999
|-
| Metel avgusta || Метель Августа || Snowstorm of August || 2000
|-
| Yedinochestvo I || Единочество I || Oneliness|| 2002
|-
| Yedinochestvo II. Zhivoy. || Единочество II. Живой. || Oneliness II. Alive. || 2003
|-
| Pesni || Песни || Songs (re-mixed hits) || 2003
|-
| Gorod bez okon. Vkhod. || Город без окон. Вход. || City with no windows. Entrance. (live album)|| 2004
|-
| Gorod bez okon. Vykhod. || Город без окон. Выход. || City with no windows. Exit. (live album)|| 2004
|-
| Propavshy bez vesti || Пропавший без вести || Vanished without a trace ''(Also: Missing in action)'' || 2005
|-
| Prekrasnaya lyubov || Прекрасная любовь || Wonderful love || 2007
|-
| Ne strelyay || Не стреляй! || Don't Shoot! (compilation) || 2008
|-
| Inache || Иначе || Otherwise || 2011
|}

==References==
<references />

==External links==
{{Commons category|DDT (band)}}
*{{official website|http://english.ddt.ru/}}
*{{musicbrainz artist|id=f7456b5b-e5a5-454e-b5db-047308210c8e|name=DDT}}
*[http://russmus.net/band.jsp?band=DDT DDT at Russmus]
*[http://antrakt.ng.ru/timeplace/2008-10-03/11_ddt.html Oct 2008 News article in NG Antrakt discussing Shevchuk's activism]
*[http://www.religare.ru/2_41464.html May 2007 Interview with Shevchuk in Religare publication]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/3568405.stm March 2004 Article on DDT in BBC News]

{{DEFAULTSORT:DDT}}
[[Category:Russian rock music groups]]

[[be:ДДТ, рок-гурт]]
[[bg:ДДТ (група)]]
[[ca:DDT (grup)]]
[[cs:DDT (rocková skupina)]]
[[de:DDT (Band)]]
[[fr:DDT (groupe)]]
[[hy:ԴԴՏ]]
[[ka:DDT (ჯგუფი)]]
[[lt:DDT (grupė)]]
[[pl:DDT (rosyjska grupa muzyczna)]]
[[ru:ДДТ (группа)]]
[[fi:DDT (yhtye)]]
[[sv:DDT (musikgrupp)]]
[[uk:ДДТ (гурт)]]

Talk:Occupy Wall Street

2011-11-22T12:23:10Z

Luch4:

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Dates are in MDY format, with the year being 2011 if unspecified.

== Criticism Section ==

Why even bother mentioning what Glenn Beck and Rush Limbaugh have to say in this article? I suggest getting rid of that, they have no relevance to this movement. --[[User:Caute AF|Caute AF]] ([[User talk:Caute AF|talk]]) 14:10, 8 November 2011 (UTC)
:It's to help build solidarity, so the page could grow some momentum. Now that we're past the critical "hump" of needed momentum, it's fine if you remove it. We initially put it there to make them look bad, but we don't have to let their comments litter our article. Kinda like the "recycled watering of plants" which was a good idea early on, but outlived its usefulness and relevance. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 14:27, 8 November 2011 (UTC)
::Yeah, I just reread it again. It's not even valid criticism, so I removed it. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 14:31, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

:::I will not argue the point, however I have felt all along that critics such as Limbaugh and Beck are as important to the article as the supporters are. Keep in mind that they have the support of millions of Americans. As for being outdated, isn't that what we basically do - document the past? [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 15:30, 8 November 2011 (UTC)
::::Well, it was cherry-picked and does not honestly reflect them. It's just like if you used [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSsFzue-V-I this abortion comment by Obama] which some right-wingers also cherry-picked to try and sum up Obama's view on abortion. It's flatly dishonest to aggrandize people who do not agree with us on OWS, and it undermines our integrity to this article if we overlook these subtle points and hold a double standard for certain points of view. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 16:29, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::That seems reasonable. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 16:40, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

It astounds me and you people ave the audacity to admit your blatantly deceitful tactics in this discussion page.So you added useless information that your admittedly cherry-picked just to make Beck and Limbaugh look bad? And now that it has served your purpose it is OK to delete it? The editors of this article should be ashamed of everything they have done. This has passed the point of ridiculousness. It is amazing how this extremely controversial movement that, according to gallop polling, has less than 20% support from the overall American population has next to no mention of any criticism at all. And the criticism it does have is half-baked, not real criticism about irrelevant things from irrelevant authorities just so you editors can say "look, we are NPOV". Then when anyone brings this forward you get all your friends to log on and give opposing "consensus" and the same 10 editors are the only ones giving consensus.I am appalled.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 18:10, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::: I undid this edit before reading the comment here. (When the edit was made, the editor should have written "see discussion page"). I agree and I put Beck and Limbaugh's criticism back in there. It is relevant since it is both of their initial comments made about the movement. They said little or nothing about the movement when it started and when they TOOK the opportunity to make a statement (the movement was growing and they couldn't ignore it, apparently) this is what they came up with. They do speak for millions and here's their opening [[sally (military)|sally]]. Gandydancer is right on both accounts. They represent millions and wikipedia does "document the past". [[User:Christian Roess|Christian Roess]] ([[User talk:Christian Roess|talk]]) 20:41, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::If we are going to have a criticism section, then Beck and Limbaugh should be in it. I don't think we need to put inflamatory quotes in, however.--[[User:Nowa|Nowa]] ([[User talk:Nowa|talk]]) 12:51, 11 November 2011 (UTC)

Are there any sources that discuss criticism towards the movement not from the far right or conservatives??? [[User:Morrison1630]] 15:37, 11 November 2011 (UTC)

:Don't these Occupiers claim to have no political leanings? So how is that relevant? If they were all from "fart-right sources" would that make them not notable or somehow inaccurate because they don't agree with your world-view?--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 01:04, 12 November 2011 (UTC)

::I see no reason to avoid the Limbaugh etc. quotes. They are criticisms from influential sources on the Right. Whatever we may think of the quotes, if well sourced they are notable criticisms. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 01:20, 12 November 2011 (UTC)
:::It makes Wikipedia look bad if the temporary agenda we had over-extends the original purpose, in our [[WP:CLUE|shaping the article into its future & current form]] Think of an architect building a tall structure--you put temporary scaffoldings until the article reaches the optimal pov. Then you remove the scaffoldings and now the article is "invisibily pov" through subtle tactics like the direction we took early on, to help set the tone of a very progressive-leaning article which is very facilitative to the OWS movement. I wouldn't be here on this article unless I knew it could make a difference to the readers who need an encyclopedic alternative to the propaganda machines known as cnn, fox, abc, nbc, cbs, new york times, etc... [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 14:48, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::What makes WP look bad is when agenda driven editors like yourself try to manipulate the process in order to present your own biased propaganda. What makes you different than the MSM that you seem to deride? Your personal bias is worse if nothing else, and you should be banned from editing this article. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 14:54, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::The process is [[WP:CONSENSUS]] and most of us are left-leaning. I've been a hugely positive help to the article, and review my differences if you like. I've made 41 of the last 500 edits (so about 8% of all edits to the OWS article) and I challenge you to find a single diff from the OWS article which I should be banned for. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 15:03, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::Well I'm sympathetic to the OWS movement but this is not the place to support it. Wikipedia's credibility suffers when editors push a POV, especially in terms as you outline above. It's ironic that Arzel is lecturing you about this, as he/she pushes from the opposite direction. -A98.. [[Special:Contributions/98.92.184.64|98.92.184.64]] ([[User talk:98.92.184.64|talk]]) 03:45, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

Null edit to prevent archival.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 02:04, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

How come the first part of the Criticism section, "A group of bloggers, led by political commentator Erick Erickson, organized a website criticizing the movement entitled 'We Are the 53%,' referring to the 53% of Americans who earn enough income to pay federal income taxes.[196] Although the conservatives of the '53%' have felt the effects of the recession as much as the liberals of the '99%,'" is allowed to imply that everyone that agrees with the 53% argument is a conservative and that everyone who agrees with the 99% Movement is a liberal? In the cited article, it never states or even alludes to this. Additionally, under the Public Opinion subsection of Reaction, it is stated that "National polls over October and November 2011 were mixed, with agreement/approval ratings for Occupy Wall Street varying from 59% to 22%, but approval was fairly consistently larger than disapproval, with large numbers often not giving an opinion." This seems heavily biased, as it only cites TWO surveys prior to this, only one of which is positive, and gives no criteria for what qualifies as "approval [is] fairly consistently larger than disapproval". Also,that first poll cited was taken within the first week of the Occupy Wall Street movement, before it had even spread globally. I find it hard to believe that one's opinion of a protest after two months would be the same after it for "THE PAST FEW DAYS", as quoted in the first survey by TIME. This seems further supported by the later mentioned and cited Gallup poll stating that 61% of Americans felt "they [didn't] know enough to decide" how they felt about the movement. Additionally, the last cited source in the Public Opinion subsection compares the popularity of Occupy Wall Street movement with the Tea Party movement for emphasis of popular support, even though they are completely unrelated. (For what it's worth, I'm a moderate with no particular backing of either association.) Has this article ever been checked for Non-NPOV or Weasel Words violations? — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/70.232.50.252|70.232.50.252]] ([[User talk:70.232.50.252|talk]]) 06:08, 20 November 2011 (UTC) 

:I'm glad you asked that, friend. The NPOV Warning tag has been placed and reverted on this article many times, because the article is POV but if it's your POV, you don't see it that way. If you can tell me specifically how you want the wording to be changed or if you think material should be moved or removed, please let me know and I'll see if I can help you out.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 13:55, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

== Request for comment ==

{{rfc|pol|rfcid=4BDF003}}
Should the fact that the American Nazi Party & the American Communist Party have endorsed the OWS be mentioned in the article? Here are some sources showing how widespread this has been reported. [http://townhall.com/tipsheet/katiepavlich/2011/10/17/nazi_party_supports_occupy_wall_street Town Hall][http://www.sunshinestatenews.com/blog/american-nazi-party-urges-members-join-occupy-protests Sunshine State News][http://www.drudge.com/news/149366/white-poweramerican-nazi-party-supports Drudge][http://www.occupyr.com/General/thread.php?id=151 This one is amuseing, Occupy Resistence][http://blogs.dailymail.com/donsurber/archives/44871 Charleston Daily Mail][http://thegazette.com/2011/10/24/occupy-wall-street-protesters-fail-to-deliver-coherent-message/ The Gazette][http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/post/occupy-wall-street-does-anyone-care-about-the-anti-semitism/2011/03/29/gIQA43p8rL_blog.html WAPO][http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/234995/20111020/occupy-wall-street-alan-king-says-martin-luther-king-would-not-support-99-percent-movement.htm IB Times][http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/special-report/2011/10/17/grapevine-dangerous-border-town-or-vacation-spot Fox News][http://finance.sfgate.com/hearst.sfgate/news/read/19794672/media_needs_to_rename_'occupy_wall_street'_'occupy_zuccotti_park'_until_protesters_move_to_the_'real_street SF Gate][http://www.thehoya.com/opinion/not-the-left-wing-s-party-1.2671951#.TqwS2_Qg9kY The Hoya][http://www.newsmax.com/InsideCover/wall-street-protests-antisemitism/2011/10/18/id/414817 Newsmax][http://www.fuse.tv/news/articles/?article=07cUdvJ5h43Uq Fuse TV][http://nation.foxnews.com/occupy-wall-street/2011/10/30/occupy-wall-streets-rap-sheet Fox again][http://www.lifenews.com/2011/11/02/planned-parenthood-teams-up-with-occupy-wall-st-movement/ Life News][http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/nov/1/my-challenge-to-occupy-wall-street/ Washington Times][http://mediamatters.org/blog/201110180001 Media Matters for America][http://michiganmessenger.com/53269/hundreds-peacefully-occupy-state-capitol-grounds-lansing-park Michigan Messenger][http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/the_hate_in_zuccotti_KyGNaMM6eLBirVJN24fEEP New York Post][http://www.delcotimes.com/articles/2011/10/21/opinion/doc4ea0e329ea692620824742.txt Delaware County Daily Times][http://www.bostonherald.com/news/opinion/op_ed/view.bg?articleid=1376082&srvc=rss Boston Herald][http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/gossip/2011/10/susan-sarandon-nazi-pope-benedict.html LA Times][http://www.myjournalcourier.com/articles/movement-35978-democratic-one.html Jacksonville Courier][http://www.hln.be/hln/nl/960/Buitenland/article/detail/1338580/2011/10/24/Amerikaanse-nazipartij-steunt-Occupy-Wall-Street.dhtml A Belgian paper][http://tehrantimes.com/index.php/opinion/3885-why-the-far-right-supports-the-occupy-movement Tehran times][http://www.israeltoday.co.il/tabid/178/nid/22978/language/en-US/Default.aspx Israel today Magazine][http://nation.foxnews.com/occupy-wall-street/2011/10/15/american-nazi-party-declares-its-full-support-occupy-wall-street-protests Fox Nation][http://www.theblaze.com/stories/american-nazi-party-endorses-occupy-wall-streets-courage-tells-members-to-support-protests-and-fight-judeo-capitalist-banksters/ The Blaze][http://dailycaller.com/2011/10/17/red-white-and-angry Daily Caller][http://www.irishcentral.com/story/news/from-the-right/would-there-be-room-for-jfk-in-todays-democrat-party-134151568.html Irish central][http://chronicle.augusta.com/opinion/letters/2011-11-18/occupy-movement-ruinous?v=1321656353 Augusta Chronicle][http://jacksonville.com/business/columnists/2011-11-15/story/media-treat-tea-party-and-occupy-groups-much-differently Florida Time Union]

Should the fact that antisemitism has also been widely reported be reflected in the article.[http://www.google.co.uk/search?rlz=1C1GGGE_enGB442&aq=f&gcx=w&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=Occupy+Wall+Street#hl=en&safe=off&rlz=1C1GGGE_enGB442&tbm=nws&sa=X&ei=o7y5TrbiFcvu8QPO1PzEBw&sqi=2&ved=0CCUQvwUoAQ&q=occupy+wall+street+anti+semitism&spell=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&fp=a0ab2c0de4713955&biw=1024&bih=499 513 hit on G news] [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 16:10, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

===Nazism discussion===
*'''No''', not until the Nazi Party supports OWS with money or man hours, and the fact is widely reported. A simple endorsement without concrete support is an empty endorsement. It is [[WP:Undue]] weight to list empty endorsements. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 00:27, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No,''' the sources above are widespread, but I wish you'd point out the best ones per [[WP:RS]]. Even those I looked up thinking they were the best like the Boston Herald turned out to be crap [http://www.bostonherald.com/news/opinion/op_ed/view.bg?articleid=1376082&srvc=rss]. Is there anything good in that list? [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 01:37, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:I had the same experience - I picked three I thought must be the "best" and they were total crap. Then I quit looking... [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 12:18, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' - The Nazi Party and Communist Party ''are'' fringe - but the ''coverage'' of their support is ''not''. This is widely spread, and there is no reason to keep it off. '''[[User:Toa Nidhiki05|''Toa'']] [[User talk:Toa Nidhiki05|''Nidhiki'']][[User:Toa Nidhiki05/Userboxes|''05'']]''' 02:47, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''': The ANP has done nothing else except issue a non-committal, meaningless and purely self-serving statement of "support". Support means a lot more than lip-service, especially when the lips are serving no one but themselves. Such statements are therefore not notable, and should not be mentioned at all. It serves no legitimate encyclopedic purpose. We don't mention Hitler in the article on vegetarianism, do we? Same rule applies here. [[User:Dominus Vobisdu|Dominus Vobisdu]] ([[User talk:Dominus Vobisdu|talk]]) 02:55, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No'''. This is little more than a smear campaign run by sections of the media. Wikipedia should have no part in it. [[User:AndyTheGrump|AndyTheGrump]] ([[User talk:AndyTheGrump|talk]]) 02:57, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:::BTW, I see that TLAM is still citing 'Media Matters' on this, in spite of the headline in the linked article: "The Latest Desperate Smear Of Occupy Wall Street Protests: The Nazis Like Them". Ridiculous... [[User:AndyTheGrump|AndyTheGrump]] ([[User talk:AndyTheGrump|talk]]) 03:00, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Not yet''' It may yet become evident that those in the movement share those views, but simply being supported by them would be a guilt by association. Also, I fail to see this as a "smear campaign" as ATG would say since the media has by and large not reported on any of the transgressions committed by OWS participants. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 03:07, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' - Seems like an obvious case of guilt by association. Hundreds of "groups/parties" have mentioned support for OWS. Why just mention these two? [[User:NickCT|NickCT]] ([[User talk:NickCT|talk]]) 04:18, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' - Mention these two because it is widely covered and they are fairly significant. It's also covered that the Black Panthers support the group so we should add that in there too as controversy because that's what it is. AndyGrump is nothing more than an apologetic propagandist come on here to do damage control for his OWS buddies.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.24.190|174.49.24.190]] ([[User talk:174.49.24.190|talk]]) 04:25, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''', because '''it's not true''', apparently. I think it's just a false meme. Looking at the sources, I'm skipping the one likes Drudge and the Tehran paper and a lot of the rest of them because they're obviously not reliable sources... looking for entities with some kind of reputation, I come to the Boston Herald. It's an opinion columnist, and he says that OWS is endorsed by a list of entities including the American Nazi Party and the ''government of the People's Republic of China''... this seems unlikely to be true, so I can't trust this source... next, the reputable LA Times... but its a gossip column (the "Ministry of Gossip")... it says "Meanwhile, the American Nazi Party on Sunday issued a statement of support for the Occupy Wall Street crowd" and they have a link. But the link is [http://www.americannaziparty.com/news/index.php here], which has says nothing of the sort, is not any kind of official statement, and doesn't mention Occupy Wall Street or come close... so this appears to be false. (There doesn't seem to be anything about Occupy Wall Street on the American Nazi Party website, that I could find.) Moving on, we have to drop a little in reliability, let's look at the Jacksonville Courier... it is not a news story but something called "Open Line", which may be an opinion column but is not signed and, inferring from its name, is just ''a place where readers can post stuff''... whatever it is, it appears to be a stream-of-consciousness post by a stoned or deranged person... it says ""The Wall Street Mob has gained some interesting supporters. Among them, The American Nazi Party..." with no support for that. I have zero confidence that the writer is reliable or even sober. How many more of these do I have to look at? And these are the best ones. My patience is exhausted with this subject and with the the editor initiating the RfC, who appears to be a troll. (FWIW, even if it was true it's trivial, of course.) [[User:Herostratus|Herostratus]] ([[User talk:Herostratus|talk]]) 04:35, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
::[http://www.americannaziparty.com/news/archives.php?report_date=2011-10-16] The ANP report was archived, so yes they have endorsed OWS. You appear to have missed a great many of the reliable sources which were posted, such as Fox, Politico, Washington post. Perhaps you ought look again at the sources presented? The point is this is widely reported on, millions of people will have read about it and then look here and see not a word, this damages wiki`s credibility. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 10:30, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:::OK, fine, but still. Who is the American Nazi Party and what is their organizational structure? Does that page constitute an actual endorsement by vote of any central committee, or is it basically some blogger who has discovered the wonders of the [[All caps|CAPS LOCK]] key? How many members do they have? What is there notability in the public discourse? If their name was "American Committee for Public Knowledge" instead of the inflammatory word "Nazi" how notable would this be? The fact is that I could convene a meeting of myself and my cats, call ourselves the Trotskyist Front, create a blog and endorse OWS, and if this was picked up by Drudge and Fox News and the Tehran papers, so what? This is maybe one step above "OWS was endorsed by Mrs. Pinckney Pruddle of 27 Hummingbird Lane, Sandusky, Ohio". It's not a notable event, at all. [[User:Herostratus|Herostratus]] ([[User talk:Herostratus|talk]]) 14:17, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
::::Your [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductio_ad_absurdum fallacious argument] of a meeting with your cats doesn't do a very good job at hiding the fact that you are clearly biased, nor does the equally fallacious comparison with a fictitious other statement. Whether or not *you* think a party is relevant is irrelevant. The fact that it was so widely reported makes it relevant, which is what people have been correctly arguing here.
*'''No''' per NickCT. Why not start a [[List of individuals and organizations that have endorsed Occupy Wall Street]]? — [[User:Malik Shabazz|Malik Shabazz]] [[User talk:Malik Shabazz|Talk]]/[[Special:Contributions/Malik Shabazz|Stalk]] 05:04, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' The first source provided is an editorial in [[Townhall.com]]. Townhall.com is, according to its Wikipedia article, "a web-based publication primarily dedicated to conservative United States politics". I suggest that The Last Angry Man gain familiarity with two important Wikipedia policies, [[WP:RS]] and [[WP:WEIGHT]]. Opinions expressed in fringe publications satisfy neither. Do you read this publication, or did you find it while Google-searching for a source that supports your POV? [[User:The Four Deuces|TFD]] ([[User talk:The Four Deuces|talk]]) 06:13, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
::Townhall has a full editorial staff and meets the criteria as [[W{:RS]] [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 22:57, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' because it's just guilt by association. Nothing could be more opposite from how these protests really are, than by linking them to Nazism. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 07:09, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' ANP is not relevant, their support is not relevant. Connecting them and their alleged support to the OWS is [[WP:SYN]] and even throwing the ANP, nevermind Nazism in the article is [[WP:UNDUE]].--'''[[User:Lvivske|Львівське]]''' ([[User talk:Lvivske|говорити]]) 08:27, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' Support is reported in WP:RS. WP is not censored. – [[user:Lionelt|Lionel]] ([[user talk:Lionelt|talk]]) 09:01, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''yes''' widely reported as fact. ''supports OWS with money or man hours'', that is a benefactor/volunteer, not endorsement. ''Boston Herald turned out to be crap'', http://mediamatters.org/blog/201110180001 Oct 18, Todd Gregory. ''non-committal, meaningless and purely self-serving statement'', none of which are requirements for notability. ''a smear campaign run by sections of the media.'' Few members of the ANP can actually read, no chance in hell they are members of the press. [[User:Darkstar1st|Darkstar1st]] ([[User talk:Darkstar1st|talk]]) 11:30, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' It's a poorly-sourced fringe issue attempting to link the movement to the Nazi party. I don't see this sort of accusation in the hundreds of articles that have been written on the protests in the mainstream media. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 12:31, 9 November 2011 (UTC) poorly sourced? ''The American Nazi Party chairman, said, "My heart is right there with these people. [[User:Darkstar1st|Darkstar1st]] ([[User talk:Darkstar1st|talk]]) 16:05, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Absolutely not. Not only are the groups [[WP:FRINGE|fringe]], but there are no [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] reporting any connection whatsoever. Beyond the reporting that this is a right-wing attempt to connect the groups to the group this article is about, there is no sourcing at all. Seeing as there is definite sourcing about the attempt to connect these groups to these protesters, perhaps we should look at the attempts to enter the information in the same manner. The editor/s who are making these attempts all seem to have the same [[WP:POV|goals]]. [[User:DD2K|Dave Dial]] ([[User talk:DD2K|talk]]) 19:51, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' We don't serve as the mouthpiece for the American Nazi Party. [[User:Hipocrite|Hipocrite]] ([[User talk:Hipocrite|talk]]) 21:41, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Obvious fringe problem but inclusion is also a [[wp:WEIGHT|weight]] problem: there is not any indication why this is a significant item that merits inclusion. The import of information should be obvious to our readers, but at the very least we should be able to explain its inclusion to our readers. Saying "Nazis support OWS" leads to the question, "So what?" and there is no good answer. The opinions of Nazis hold no value in any society. [[wp:GHITS]] and politically-motivated Op-Eds aren't persuasive. This is the same guilt by association nonsense that Americans saw in the 2008 election with [http://crooksandliars.com/jon-perr/al-qaeda-endorsement-highlights-mccains-h Hamas endorses Obama; Al Qaeda endorses McCain]. --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 23:13, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Lots of groups are trying to co-opt this movement, but it is a de-centralized, non-hierarchical movement. That gives it a low [[Drag coefficient]] that, miraculously, attracts many groups whose own agendas are floundering. For example, why is there widespread union support for OWS? The Union leadership announces their support. So that must mean everyone who belongs to such-and-such union needs to fall in line. Right? But then read the fine print. Because the bottom line is the "Union bosses" realized they were losing their own [[Rank and file]] to the movement (ie., their people were showing up at the occupy locations). Let's just say it was "expedient" for the unions to show support for the Occupy movements. But Unions are part of the OWS mix. They aren't dictating anything to OWS. OWS is not part of the Unions. Unions need OWS alot more than OWS needs them. (I would guess that the Nazi movement needs help with their own "rank and file", not to mention a HUGE credibility gap. Again, '''NO'''. If you need more examples of groups or individuals claiming support, I can name many more. How about [[Elizabeth Warren]] taking credit for providing the philosophical underpinnings and ballast for OWS? That's interesting Ms. Warren: if that's the case, then Warren is an anarchist in her roots, and is only (oh by-the-way) incidently running for public office. Could go on and on with examples of many groups and factions wanting a slice of the "OCCU" - pie. [[User:Christian Roess|Christian Roess]] ([[User talk:Christian Roess|talk]]) 23:47, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Based on what I've read, there doesn't seem to be any actual tangible connection between the ANP and the OWS movement (not even a diminutive one). [[User:AzureCitizen|AzureCitizen]] ([[User talk:AzureCitizen|talk]]) 02:25, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' unless we specifically mention all other groups as well that have voiced support. The list mentioned above, if it's started, could be a place for this information. --[[User:Dailycare|Dailycare]] ([[User talk:Dailycare|talk]]) 20:05, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' (My unelaborated !vote) [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 23:23, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' There's a discussion of the response to OWS from several other political bodies (the White House, Congress, 2012 political candidates) as well as the reaction from the public, celebrities, unions, Venezuela, etc. Of course a list of people and groups who support OWS is pointless and uninformative, but if and only if 1.credible sources are used and 2.those sources talk about the response more specifically than saying "the American Nazi Party supports the OWS movement" then just because you don't like the group doesn't mean their reaction is less deserving of mention than that of the Vatican. At a glance it doesn't look like many of the sources above are non-pov but that isn't fatal (to including the ANP's response, not to using the sources!). Re: the fringe problem, I have to agree with Toa Nidhiki05 that while the groups themselves are Fringe their response may well be poignant. And, frankly, if the only unifying feature of participants is membership in the 99% then why should the ANP be excluded? --[[Special:Contributions/68.149.110.63|68.149.110.63]] ([[User talk:68.149.110.63|talk]]) 09:46, 15 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Does not seem to be notable enough. [[User:Darkness Shines|Darkness Shines]] ([[User talk:Darkness Shines|talk]]) 01:25, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' There is no reason not to mention position of ANP. But, of course, this mention should not be ambiguity or impression that the Nazis supported this movement through their actions or money. --[[User:Luch4|Luch4]] ([[User talk:Luch4|talk]]) 12:09, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

===Anti-semitism discussion===
*'''Yes''' - Widely covered, notable. Anti-sementism is an element of the views of many OWS campers, and as they have no real leadership or manifesto, it warrants coverage. '''[[User:Toa Nidhiki05|''Toa'']] [[User talk:Toa Nidhiki05|''Nidhiki'']][[User:Toa Nidhiki05/Userboxes|''05'']]''' 02:49, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*No - again, it seems to be a smear campaign. [[User:AndyTheGrump|AndyTheGrump]] ([[User talk:AndyTheGrump|talk]]) 02:58, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''':There is no evidence that anti-semitism is shared by a significant proportion of OWS participants outside of a tiny minority. The fact that the movement has a few kooks in it is not surprising, nor is it notable enough to warrant mention here. [[User:Dominus Vobisdu|Dominus Vobisdu]] ([[User talk:Dominus Vobisdu|talk]]) 03:00, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' - Widely noted with many examples. No sense in hiding it under the rug. There is no requirement that it be shown to reach some magic number of people to be incorporated. Such faulty logic would dictate that nothing bad ever be reported because one could simply say that none those that do bad things don't represent the movement. If it was one or two incidents then probably not. It is clearly far more than that. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 03:04, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' - ...with requisites. The article on the Tea Party solved the issue of reporting on alleged racism by not trying to account for how widespread racism was, or by simply stating the Tea Party movement was racist. Rather, it focused on the discourse of some accusing it of racism while others defended it, and it focuses on a few major events. Similarly, this article need not state that the Occupy protest movement has an antisemitism problem, but rather has been accused of it, and it could include references to supposed events and counter arguments. This should likely fall not under goals, or philosophy, but rather as a sub-section on reception. --[[User:Cast|Cast]] ([[User talk:Cast|talk]]) 03:29, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' - I scanned the list of articles that came up in the nominators link. The two serious sources that appear (i.e. the [http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/22/nyregion/occupy-wall-street-criticized-for-flashes-of-anti-semitism.html New York Times] & [http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/where-are-the-anti-semites-of-occupy-wall-street/2011/10/24/gIQAP89eDM_story.html Washington Post Article]) refute the anti-semitic charge or point out that it's marginal. If we do want to add a sentence about anti-semitism it would have to be so heavily qualified that it probably wouldn't be worth mentioning. [[User:NickCT|NickCT]] ([[User talk:NickCT|talk]]) 04:24, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''', per NickCT. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 04:32, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*''''No'''. The nominator's link produces nothing of value. Doing my own search, I find (in reliable sources as opposed to polemic blogs etc.) only the same stuff that NickCT finds, to the effect of "some bloggers have claimed anti-semitism, but it appears to not be true". Not notable. [[User:Herostratus|Herostratus]] ([[User talk:Herostratus|talk]]) 04:59, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' per NickCT. I would just point out that the ''Washington Post'' link is an op-ed column, not a news article. — [[User:Malik Shabazz|Malik Shabazz]] [[User talk:Malik Shabazz|Talk]]/[[Special:Contributions/Malik Shabazz|Stalk]] 05:07, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*:re the op-ed column - Duly noted. Apologies for not stating it as such. [[User:NickCT|NickCT]] ([[User talk:NickCT|talk]]) 12:50, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' The first source provided is an editorial in [[Townhall.com]]. Townhall.com is, according to its Wikipedia article, "a web-based publication primarily dedicated to conservative United States politics". I suggest that The Last Angry Man gain familiarity with two important Wikipedia policies, [[WP:RS]] and [[WP:WEIGHT]]. Opinions expressed in fringe publications satisfy neither. Do you read this publication, or did you find it while Google-searching for a source that supports your POV? [[User:The Four Deuces|TFD]] ([[User talk:The Four Deuces|talk]]) 06:14, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' But I think maybe 1 sentence, with a response as user Cast has proposed, but not a whole entire section, which I'm against. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 07:07, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''yes''', if the tea party can have a "racial issues" section, so can ows. [[User:Darkstar1st|Darkstar1st]] ([[User talk:Darkstar1st|talk]]) 07:53, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*:There's no way an entire section will ever get consensus over here, like over at the tea party article, so 1-2 sentences, take it or leave it. If you're trying to divert attention away from the issue by comparing it to the tea party, you'll be hard pressed to convince anyone. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 08:24, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*::See [[WP:CONSENSUS]] to brush up on what it says, because that's what is common (and applied) to both articles. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 08:27, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' - seems [[WP:UNDUE]] to me to use individual comments and turn it into a standalone section. Unless this becomes a relevant part or chunk of the protests, then no. Unless it gains traction in the media in some form, then no. Until then, all of this can be summarized into a single sentence - a section is too much weight.--'''[[User:Lvivske|Львівське]]''' ([[User talk:Lvivske|говорити]]) 08:28, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' The incidents are being reported in WP:RS. Ironically racism by Tea Party members is only alleged. OWS members actually went on anti-semitic rants '''''on TV!''''' I saw it! – [[user:Lionelt|Lionel]] ([[user talk:Lionelt|talk]]) 09:01, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*:There are plenty of references for Tea party members shouting racial epithets (see [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/20/tea-party-protests-nier-f_n_507116.html] for example). The question isn't whether one or two guys within a much larger movement are racist/anti-semetic. The question is whether racism/antisemitism is a pervasive theme within a movement, or whether it represents a viewpoint pushed by a significant portion of a movement's members. [[User:NickCT|NickCT]] ([[User talk:NickCT|talk]]) 12:58, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*::The question is not if ows is racist, rather the several reports of the ANP endorsement the movement is notable. [[User:Darkstar1st|Darkstar1st]] ([[User talk:Darkstar1st|talk]]) 16:09, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*:::What's the difference? It's still guilt by association, and will attract edit warring & make the article unstable. Can't anyone else see that? [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 16:27, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*::::Typical wikipedia mob rule, published racism undue here, not undue at tea party. [[User:Darkstar1st|Darkstar1st]] ([[User talk:Darkstar1st|talk]]) 16:36, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*:::::If you're not in the majority, then just wait your turn. You're trying to change an OWS article during the height of OWS popularity. If you bring up a proposal (an entire section!!!) on antisemitism knowing it will fail, is just [[WP:POINTY|disrupting Wikipedia to prove a point]] which everyone knows nothing good will come from it. It just creates division between editors when the article still has plenty of peaceful improvements we could instead discuss otherwise. If you know an entire section will never gain consensus, then propose something more popular so that the "mob" will agree with it. When you're on the side of the minority, the burden is on you to work with the majority (unless you're like Dualus who bypasses consensus) because without consensus, even the most noble & well-intentioned edits will never stand, and you know that. The tea party is [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/20/tea-party-protests-nier-f_n_507116.html de facto racist] whereas only 2 reliable sources have barely said anything usable about OWS being antisemitic (because as user NickCT said) the statement would have to be so heavily qualified, that it wouldn't be worth mentioning. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 17:54, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*:::re ''"rather the several reports of the ANP endorsement the movement is notable"'' - I think you should be posting your comments in the section above, but as I said above, OWS has reportedly gained the support of [http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2011/11/09/occupy-wall-street-reporters-notebook-reveals-ties-between-percent-movement-and/ the latino community],[http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1111/67793.html former leaders of ACORN],[http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/ad-lib/2011/nov/9/occupy-america-labor-and-pro-choice-win-big/ labor unions],[http://rapfix.mtv.com/2011/11/09/jay-z-wears-occupy-wall-street-shirt-watch-the-throne-tour/ Kayne West],[http://blog.sfgate.com/nov05election/2011/11/09/one-bay-area-mayor-welcomes-occupy-protests-to-her-city/ the mayor of Richmond, California], [http://rapfix.mtv.com/2011/11/09/jay-z-wears-occupy-wall-street-shirt-watch-the-throne-tour/ Jay-Z], [http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/veterinarians-lend-a-hand-zuccotti-park-checking-pets-occupy-wall-street-protesters-article-1.972722 vetrinarians], [http://toronto.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20111108/occupy-wall-st-nanos-poll-111108/20111108/?hub=TorontoNewHome Canadians], etc etc. Should I go on? Get the point? You want to mention all of these groups? If not, why are you so focused on the ANP? [[User:NickCT|NickCT]] ([[User talk:NickCT|talk]]) 02:13, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
*::::Jayz, vets and acorn, you left out Communist Party USA, The American Nazi Party, Revolutionary Communist Party, Black Panthers, Nation of Islam’s Louis Farrakhan, CAIR, Iran’s Supreme Leader, the Ayatollah Khamenei, Hugo Chavez, Revolutionary Guards of Iran, The Govt of North Korea, Communist Party of China, Hezbollah, a regular who's who of obscurity. [[User:Darkstar1st|Darkstar1st]] ([[User talk:Darkstar1st|talk]]) 09:07, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
*:::::Ok.... But you're missing the point. You said we should mention ANP b/c their support has been noted in RSs. I pointed out that an endless slew of folk's support has been noted in RS, and that it's not piratical to mention them all. Again, why are you so focused on highlighting support from particular groups? [[User:NickCT|NickCT]] ([[User talk:NickCT|talk]]) 16:53, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Absolutely not. There are no [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] reporting any connection of this accusation whatsoever. Beyond the reporting of anonymous people who have shown up at some protests, there is no sourcing at all. [[User:DD2K|Dave Dial]] ([[User talk:DD2K|talk]]) 19:51, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:There are plenty of sources which mention it, your saying there is not is pointless. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 22:53, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Again, Wikipedia is not the mouthpiece for the far-right Wurlitzer. [[User:Hipocrite|Hipocrite]] ([[User talk:Hipocrite|talk]]) 21:42, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
::Nor is it a mouthpiece for the leftwing nutjobs of the OWS, wiki reports on what reliable sources have written. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 22:53, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''NO''' - This is more desperation from the Far Right. It's a story generated just like the recent ACORN connection given by an anonymous source to Fox News in the last few days. [[User:Christian Roess|Christian Roess]] ([[User talk:Christian Roess|talk]]) 23:59, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' Seems to have generated a great deal of controversy and has been covered in a great many reliable sources. [[User:Darkness Shines|Darkness Shines]] ([[User talk:Darkness Shines|talk]]) 01:27, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''', per NickCT and Dave Dial. --[[User:Dailycare|Dailycare]] ([[User talk:Dailycare|talk]]) 20:02, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
====Note to admin who closes====
Please take into account the lack of actual policy based reasons for excluding this content. Several editors have said there are no reliable sources regarding the antisemitic remarks being made. This is patently false, it was deemed a serious enough matter by the Anti Defamation League[http://www.adl.org/PresRele/ASUS_12/6138_12.htm] to release a statement on the matter. Some say no as they believe it is a smear campaign, this is not a policy that i am aware of, nor have any sources made this claim that I know of. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 12:35, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
:Regarding the antisemitism discussion? Or the Nazism discussion? (or both?) [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 12:49, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
::The antisemitism discussion, I will create a subsection for the ANP discussion as basically the same arguments have been put forth there as here. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 13:02, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
I would like to bring to your attention: [[Adbusters]] "Accusations of antisemitism". I think this makes any antisemitism remarks at OWS extremely relevant. Especially in light of the opening paragraph of the Origins section: "In mid-2011, the Canadian-based Adbusters Foundation, best known for its advertisement-free anti-consumerist magazine Adbusters..." [[Special:Contributions/74.101.47.220|74.101.47.220]] ([[User talk:74.101.47.220|talk]]) 02:56, 13 November 2011 (UTC)

=== [[Ali Khamenei]] discussion ===
[http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/americas/united-states/111012/ayatollah-ali-khamenei-occupy-wall-street-iran Ayatollah Khamenei on Occupy Wall Street: "It will bring down the capitalist system and the West"]. Should it be in the article? --[[User:Luch4|Luch4]] ([[User talk:Luch4|talk]]) 12:21, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

===Not all or nothing: presenting a 3rd option===

So do the yes's and no's agree to compromise and '''''just have a single, well-written sentence''''', as myself and others have said can be summarized? If so, then let us work on that sentence here, so we have something to look at from those who voted "yes" and we'll see their proposal below. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 08:34, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

:At one time we did have a short discussion with a good ref, but it's long gone. This situation is similar to the incident when a "protester" took a dump on a police car...or so it was said. I believe that we need to remember that there are thousands of homeless in NYC, and most of them live in the very same area that the protest is being held. Not to paint all the homeless with the same brush, but many of them are addicts and/or have serious mental problems. These people have been doing such things in NYC long before the movement established their occupation of the park, but it did not make national news. Same thing for racists - there's nothing new about blaming the Jews for our financial problems - and I can imagine that the protest would draw this sort of racist to the occupy site like bees to honey. Rather than report that the protesters are Nazi, Jew-hating, Commie, dirty hippies, etc., I believe that the information could be covered in an unbiased manner. If we had a reference... [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 12:55, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

::Agreed 100%, and the onus is on people who want to include it. Quick question though--are you saying the "good ref" is long gone? Or the discussion is still in archives or had been deleted? I think a single sentence, in context (with how rare that antisemitism is) can be added, as long as it is put into the proper perspective. There's no way an entire section on antisemitism will ever see the light of day here, and I think the nazism has even less of a chance than antisemitism. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 13:18, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

:::I'll see if I can find it. For all I know my memory could be wrong. I know we both agree that the task of any editing at all in this article was such a hellish experience till Dualus was banned that it was hard to keep up with what the hell was going on. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 14:54, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

::::I don't know if these are the refs from the inclusion I remember, but these two turned up from the past article. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/where-are-the-anti-semites-of-occupy-wall-street/2011/10/24/gIQAP89eDM_story.html] and [http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/22/nyregion/occupy-wall-street-criticized-for-flashes-of-anti-semitism.html?_r=1]. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 15:05, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

:Here is a reliable source, [[Media Matters]], that explains the issue, "[http://mediamatters.org/blog/201110180001 The Latest Desperate Smear Of Occupy Wall Street Protests: The Nazis Like Them]]". We could use that story for the article. [[User:The Four Deuces|TFD]] ([[User talk:The Four Deuces|talk]]) 16:13, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

::Good finds, Gandy, I'll check it out it. Thanks for link thefourdeuce but not quite controversial enough! ''';-)''' [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 16:24, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
::Media Matters is not a reliable source. It is like asking the arsonist who started the fire. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 16:42, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Not sure I would go that far, lol. They're a private non-profit, so they can allow their editors/bloggers more unrestricted and "no strings" journalism & blogs. It's a good site, has lots of recaps & summaries of what the other sides are saying. Each video is like a miniature documentary--highly recommended and very informative for any Wikipedia editor who works on poli-sci articles. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 17:41, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

:::MMfA has come up many times at RSN and is rs. You are confusing the neutrality of a source with its reliability. Certainly it is true that right-wing blogs are playing up the Nazi Party story. [[User:The Four Deuces|TFD]] ([[User talk:The Four Deuces|talk]]) 18:27, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

Here are multiple reliable sources for the Communist Party Support:
http://www.cpusa.org/communist-party-heralds-occupy-wall-street-movement/
http://dailycaller.com/2011/10/17/red-white-and-angry%E2%80%A8-communist-nazi-parties-endorse-occupy-protests/

Sources for Nazi Party support:
http://mediamatters.org/blog/201110180001
http://www.americannaziparty.com/news/archives.php?report_date=2011-10-16
http://whitehonor.com/white-power/the-occupy-wall-street-movement/
http://www.sunshinestatenews.com/blog/american-nazi-party-urges-members-join-occupy-protests

I also have reliable sources for many more so called "fringe" groups like the [[Black Panther]]s, CAIR, and the Socialist Party USA who express support for the OWS movement.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 17:45, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:If you have them, let's see them. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 17:56, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

:These groups may all support OWS, however with a U.S. population of 312,577,000 and most of these groups having less than a couple of thousand members, how can it be justified to add whatever they may believe to the article? I don't think the Black Panthers have any - aren't they defunct? How many are in the American Nazi Party - I'll bet it's not many. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 18:56, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:American Communist Party - 2,000 [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 18:59, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

If you want the sources, [[User:완젬스|완젬스]], then here they are.

Socialist Party USA: http://www.socialistparty-usa.org/occupywallstreet.html; http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2011/10/21/18694303.php; http://dailycaller.com/2011/10/17/thedc-morning-commies-and-nazis-sure-do-like-occupy-wall-street/

CAIR: http://www.washingtonpost.com/the-council-on-ameri/2011/10/21/gIQAgawr4L_photo.html; http://us1.campaign-archive2.com/?u=298c6f637e745b40f9bc04560&id=00ff1bf3e7

Hezbollah: http://almoqawama.org/?a=content.id&id=25969; http://almoqawama.org/?a=content.id&id=25867

Black Panthers: http://www.occupyoakland.org/ai1ec_event/black-panthers-david-hilliard-melvin-dixon-and-eseibio-halliday/; http://www.insidebayarea.com/top-stories/ci_19150533

I am not going to make a giant list of all of them because their are too many. But I have sources for many more.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 19:38, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Not necessary''' -- There are little to no reliable sources that even mention these groups, and the ones that do are either biased and not reliable sources for this article, or mention the attempted connection by right-wing blogs. etc.. If, in the future, these attempts do not subside, the only addition should be about the smear attempts. [[User:DD2K|Dave Dial]] ([[User talk:DD2K|talk]]) 14:51, November 9, 2011 (UTC)

I disagree,anonymous, ever single one of those sources are reliable and none of them are "right-wing". And if we are going to nullify sources because they are bias, then Huffington post, New York Times,and all these other extremely liberal media outlets should be nullified as well. And don't these Occupiers claim to be "grassroots" and have "no political leaning" (even though their funders and leaders and speakers are all democrats)? Since they claim that, isn't it irrelevant what political leanings sources have? Your argument is invalid and the fact that these groups support OWS is absolutely notable. This is no smear attempt, I was asked to give sources for these groups by another editor, and it is undeniable fact that they do support the OWS movement. Also, according to Gallop Polling, the OWS is a Fringe group, so there is no need to smear it, it is already smeared.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 20:07, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

* A single well-written sentence that makes it clear that both of these are being pushed by the far-right American press would be acceptable. [[User:Hipocrite|Hipocrite]] ([[User talk:Hipocrite|talk]]) 21:43, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
* What's in the article right now seems to at least have equally contradicting opinion. Can we live with it and the very short mention in lead or do we need changes?--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 20:32, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
::What you have added is perfect, the mention of the antisemitic remarks with the rebuttal is NPOV and balanced the way an article ought to be written. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 21:20, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Agreed 100%, and I have to say as the most vocal critic of including ANY momentum-halting criticism of OWS, I must proudly say that '''''Amadscientist''''' (an editor I admire for '''''being a great Wikipedian''''') has written the content in such a way as to make both sides happy. Somebody give this man a barn star! (I've given him one already too recently) [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 00:01, 11 November 2011 (UTC)

Null edit to prevent archiving [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 20:16, 13 November 2011 (UTC)

== Lede ==

The lede currently doe not summarize the article, there is no mention of the rapes, attempted rapes, sexual assaults, drug dealing, weapons, defecating in public areas (such as on a police car). Nor is there mention of the people who have endorsed the protests. All these need to be mentioned in the lede. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 12:49, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
:Are you saying it doesn't mention the individual subjects or a critical opposing view represented?--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 14:14, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
I have added more.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 15:00, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
::I am saying that the lede is meant to be an overview on the article in brief, as such anything in the article should also be mentioned in the lede, as in the specific items I mentioned in my previous post. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 16:25, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
:::I understand you feel there should be more weight to these issues but they don't have that weight in the article. They are brought up in the lead however.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 16:34, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
::::It doe not matter how I "feel", it is policy. The lede must reflect what is in the article, currently none of the criminal activity is mentioned at all. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 18:30, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::Guidelines are not absolutes in regards to lead content. Please link the guideline that you refer to for this.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 19:18, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::Or better yet...what's the main stuff you object to not going in besides full lists.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 20:05, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::That was all in the body of the article already and i moved it all into a controversy section and added a line in the lead.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 20:50, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::::Do you honestly believe that writing "there has been some complaints" actually covers rape, attempted rape, sexual assaults, drug dealing, defecating in public, drug dealing and other random acts of violence? Please stop whitewashing this article. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 21:16, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::::Whenever I hear the word "whitewash" used in reference to a WP article, alarm bells go off in my head. Are you really making the claim that these events have been high-profile enough that they need to be not just mentioned, but actually ''enumerated'', in the lead? Assuming you are, I'll object that listing specific criminal allegations and police reports in the lead would be undue weight to incidents that have received comparatively little attention from the press. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 23:21, 10 November 2011 (UTC)

Comparatively little attention? How about [http://thepatriotperspective.wordpress.com/2011/11/06/occupy-wall-street-sex-assault-round-up/ this], [http://news.yahoo.com/kitchen-volunteers-sex-assault-arrest-shocks-zuccotti-park-215348689.html this], [http://biggovernment.com/abreitbart/2011/11/01/rape-gropes-and-assaults-oh-my-mayor-bloomberg-shut-down-zuccotti-park/ this] or [http://abcnews.go.com/US/sexual-assaults-occupy-wall-street-camps/story?id=14873014#.Trxt28Mr27s this]? The crimes are very well covered and have received attention in major news outlets. These allegations wouldn't be undue in the lede.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 00:40, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::::::Are you sure of that? [http://www.google.co.uk/search?aq=f&hl=en&gl=uk&tbm=nws&btnmeta_news_search=1&q=%22occupy+wall+street%22+rape 514 hits on G News] 45 mill odd on google [http://www.google.co.uk/search?rlz=1C1GGGE_enGB442&aq=f&gcx=w&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=%22occupy+wallstreet%22+rape#sclient=psy-ab&hl=en&safe=off&rlz=1C1GGGE_enGB442&source=hp&q=%22occupy+wall+street%22+%2B+rape&pbx=1&oq=%22occupy+wall+street%22+%2B+rape&aq=f&aqi=g1&aql=&gs_sm=s&gs_upl=957l957l1l7614l1l1l0l0l0l0l268l268l2-1l1l0&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&fp=38016e1b6a6bc7ca&biw=1024&bih=499] Seems widely reported to me. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 00:42, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
{{od}} Yes, ''comparatively little attention''. Meaning, relative to pretty much every other aspect of the protests, it has received little attention. By definition, we can't give full-detail coverage in the lead of everything that's significant and discussed in RS's and mentioned in the article. Putting these details in the lead would basically be cherry-picking and highlighting one of the most negative aspect of the protests ''just because'' it is negative. This would be undue weight. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 16:51, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
:Not really, for NPOV you have to have some of the bad stuff in the lede as well as all that sugar. Also you seem to forget the majority of reports are the same old same old, the press is more or less repeating itself. But for neutrality you need to have some controversies in the lede. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 17:06, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
::Straw man, or just a bad argument. Mentioning controversy in the lead doesn't mean we have to list out every kind of allegation there's been. Again, undue weight to something that has received comparatively little attention from the press. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify 
(f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 20:20, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Some mention of the controversy specifically naming the most egregious incidents is required by WP:LEDE. Last Angry Man should have also noted the public nudity, public sexual intercouse and robberies at the protest. There are ample reports in RS. Ignore them all you want--but the fact is '''''they happened.'''''– [[user:Lionelt|Lionel]] ([[user talk:Lionelt|talk]]) 00:18, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Agree with Centrify. There is no WEIGHT argument for having these minor facets in the lead unless the lead were greatly expanded, which is not necessary. You can have various levels of summary in the lead: you can just hit the high points, preferable with a large article, or you can have a small mention of every point. This is a large article. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 01:10, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

* Sounds like some anti-Occupy editors want to paint the movement with overreaching judgements of its worst/fringe elements. While you're at it, why don't you add those juicy tidbits to the leads of other articles about [[New York City]], [[Manhattan]], and [[public parks]]. Oh, and then fix the lead of the [[Tea Party]] protests to reflect its own '''[[Jared Lee Loughner|worst]]''' elements, please. -A98 [[Special:Contributions/98.92.186.80|98.92.186.80]] ([[User talk:98.92.186.80|talk]]) 00:26, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::What worst elements of the tea party? The link you gave linked to a random article about a murderer, there was nothing about the Tea Party in the entire article. There are no fringe elements about the Tea Party, just Nancy Pelosi calling them nazis. And this isn't just worst/fringe elements this is significant support from very questionable groups and it has been widely publicized and just because becritical things it isn't necessary to expand on these points, it doesn't mean they shouldn't be expanded.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 01:59, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

== November 15 raid ==

Right afer Midnight on Nov 15, police raided the camp and evicted the protesters. However, can someone edit that they are now back and are angrier?--[[User:Fknp0nd|Fknp0nd]] ([[User talk:Fknp0nd|talk]]) 15:58, 15 November 2011 (UTC)

:At 1am on Tuesday Nov 15, the NYPD raided Zuccotti Park to clear out the protesters. Over 200 protesters were arrested. See reference: http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/nypd_raiders_roust_rabble_Dp5jSkaFLwGXYElqsxsWjO — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:WriteMe12345|WriteMe12345]] ([[User talk:WriteMe12345|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/WriteMe12345|contribs]]) 16:23, 15 November 2011 (UTC) 

::(indented above entry). In response to the first entry, their anger doesn't seem to have translated into a reoccupation of the space. With two months for the local governments to consider a response and a thetic assertion of a lack of organization, program, I think the outcome for this article is as I outline in the prior thread, with which this thread is redundant. [[Special:Contributions/72.228.177.92|72.228.177.92]] ([[User talk:72.228.177.92|talk]]) 19:48, 15 November 2011 (UTC)

*Only if reliable sources state that it's over should that language be used in the article. [[User:Somedifferentstuff|Somedifferentstuff]] ([[User talk:Somedifferentstuff|talk]]) 20:53, 15 November 2011 (UTC)
::It's nowhere near over. They are calling in bombthreats to the subway systems and/or the NYSE building on [http://2439-occupywallst-com.voxcdn.com/media/img/03QUh.jpg Nov 17th] (source, facebook page wall post) so let's all be patient for more to come or this to play out. Doesn't anyone know or belong to "affinity groups" for [[direct action]]? There's a whole lotta people on this discussion page who are trying to declare it's over, which it won't be until election night on Nov 2012. I tried to delete the last post which was another attempt to silence the disbelievers that this thing is over. Unless the New York Times says it's over, then it isn't over. The smaller you look into the "core of the core of the core" of the leaderless movement, you'll find some people are unwilling to see the occupy movement fail. So many people have nothing left to live for if this movement doesn't succeed. Who wants to hold a degree in psychology or liberal arts, be 30 years old, with Obama having failed us to bring about "hope and change" well this is the movement Obama supports, and it's from his own core supporters. It's up to us to bring about the "change" and all you gotta do is ''like'' their facebook page and you can read the wall posts for hours. Next time, don't call the OWS movement over, unless you have a [[WP:Reliable Source]]. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 05:33, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
*Are the above two posts meant to be in the previous thread "60 day wonder" instead? Just wondering... -98 [[Special:Contributions/98.92.186.80|98.92.186.80]] ([[User talk:98.92.186.80|talk]]) 23:54, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Uhhh. Bomb threats? Please explain. The poster you linked promises "non-violent" action. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 15:49, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
::::Isn't calling in a false bomb threat non-violent? (to shut down the nyse building and/or subways?) I'm not stupid enough to commit a felony, but only a real bomb would be violent, right? It's the same as pulling a fire alarm in the absence of a real fire, it would just clear the building. Aren't both of these examples non-violent methods of [[direct action]]? [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 22:21, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::Hmm. This may be splitting hairs. Like yelling FIRE in a crowded theatre, when there is no fire. I'd say it counts as violent because it is a threat of violence. Empty threats are still threats. By the way, I think we'd need a better source than a Facebook wall post (!). -98.. [[Special:Contributions/98.92.186.80|98.92.186.80]] ([[User talk:98.92.186.80|talk]]) 23:50, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::: http://www.cityofeastlansing.com/Home/Departments/Fire/FalseAlarms/ — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/173.2.81.177|173.2.81.177]] ([[User talk:173.2.81.177|talk]]) 00:26, 17 November 2011 (UTC) 

{{od}} Nah. A bomb scare is potentially dangerous regardless of whether it's a sincere threat to actually blow up a building. If you have any communication with these people, suggest to them that it's a very bad idea. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 01:14, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:That's what I told them (although I thought it was a felony, but this link says it's only a misdemeanor) because if they're going to do it, why are they so dumb to post it on facebook? There will be extra security tomorrow all over New York either way, and they said they're up against the ropes and don't want to go to jail for this. I feel sorry for them because the Nov 15th raid indirectly made everyone scramble, when it was supposed to be a day full of planning for [[direct action]] events planned at the 3 times cited on the poster. I feel bad that the best they can come up with is bomb threats to clear out the NYSE building--I recommended they just do stink bombs instead, like they do on [[Whale Wars]] for direct action, which nobody will go to jail for. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 01:43, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

===This is materializing apparently===
Wow, these guys were serious: http://online.wsj.com/article/APcaba350d658e4999a08e20f209387e40.html where it says ''"NEW YORK — Police say a 29-year-old Occupy Wall Street demonstrator has been arrested on a charge of making a terrorist threat after he was caught on video threatening to attack Macy's with a Molotov cocktail."'' I wonder if he got the idea off of the group's facebook wall? Any thoughts? (by the way, this article was posted 1 hour ago) The stuff came from AP--associated press. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 01:51, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:I'm trying to warn these guys on facebook to do stink bombs, rather than bomb threats. They're all so paranoid I doubt they will listen to random guys giving advice from Wikipedia. Is there any chance that OWS protesters might get charged with terrorism tomorrow? [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 01:52, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::Rape, robbery, illegal drug use, and violation of public sanitation codes seems be more the speed of OWS protesters than terrorism. I don't think the movement could be taken that seriously. [[User:Kelly|Kelly]] ([[User talk:Kelly|talk]]) 02:21, 17 November 2011 (UTC)\
::::Don't judge the movement by its worst/fringe elements. I know you don't do the same for Tea Party, Sarah Palin, et al. Also please see [[WP:NOT#FORUM]] and limit your posts to discussion of improving the article. Your personal views are not constructive. -A98.. [[Special:Contributions/98.92.186.80|98.92.186.80]] ([[User talk:98.92.186.80|talk]]) 03:18, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::You can't let the minority of protesters give us a bad name, otherwise it kills the good efforts done by the majority of ows protesters. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 02:41, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::Don't blame Kelly, blame the big media corporations. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 03:29, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::If a single OWS protester starts making bomb threats to advance the cause, it won't be the media's fault when public opinion of OWS splashes into the toilet . . . [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 12:13, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::Agreed, the OWS people on facebook are possibly under the influence of drugs/alcohol. They all partied all night long to prepare for today. I told them making a bomb threat is considered an act of terrorism on the facebook wall. Sighs, can't stop them now. Here we go, watch these fringe-OWS idiots go to jail now. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 13:57, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::::They're pretty well behaved at least here or we'd be getting emails from them (which I actually wouldn't have minded, but whatever). And this page has not been flooded with people trying to influence, as are many other controversial pages. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 03:01, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:@-A98, funny how you call out the [[WP:NOT#FORUM]] policy for Kelly but but not when [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] is giving a disruptive play-by-play of his facebook exploits on the discussion page. @[[User:완젬스|완젬스]] "blame the big media corporations"? First of all, refer to [[WP:NOT#FORUM]]. This is not a forum for propaganda or debate, if you have suggestions please make them. Secondly, all the big media corporations like CNN, Huffington Post, New York Times, etc. have all praised the movement as some revolutionary success, so even if what you said was appropriate, it is just wrong. And quit using this discussion page as an outlet to defame the Tea Party, I have had about enough of it. How many arrests were there during Tea Parties? How many complaints of trash or noise? How many sexual assaults or rapes? How many cases of violence or defecation? Before you google it, let me give you the answer, 0. Absolutely none.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 14:08, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::When an editor's judgement is obviously compromised, as you just illustrated, then I can certainly call them out on it. You are making the very same mistakes that critics of the Tea Party have made. I am not "defaming" the TP, I am drawing a parallel. There were plenty of criminal problems and otherwise unsavory issues with TP protests, you and others just choose to overlook them. Why? See [[WP:undue]] -- '''we don't frame articles by the subjects' worst elements'''. -A98.. [[Special:Contributions/98.92.184.64|98.92.184.64]] ([[User talk:98.92.184.64|talk]]) 03:58, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
::Trust me, I'm temporarily ashamed of being pro-OWS at the moment. I lost all respect by seeing dozens of people on facebook last night talk about breaking windows and using the shards of glass to slit throats. At first there were only 1-2 posts like this per day on facebook, but now it's 20-30. I hope that it isn't really the OWS people saying that, but people like Jacksoncw logging into facebook and writing that stuff on our wall, trying to make us look bad. I really hope the OWS people are smarter than that, and wouldn't go bragging about their plans to make bomb threats and flash mobs at the subway, halting train service. I hope these idiots know what "non-violent" means, because on facebook they have total disregard for the law, disregard for the good OWS supporters like myself, and most importantly don't care about how bad this will sabotage our movement if the whack crazies act out some of this stuff they're unabashedly posting online for all to see (well, only for those to see who like the facebook page). I feel like we're going to have to do some more censuring/white-washing/damage-control on this page after the bad stuff they plan on doing today. What can you do really, but try to dissuade them? [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 14:04, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::This is getting way off-topic. 완젬스, I understand your frustration with what's happening at Facebook, and I have had my own problems with Jackson's edits, but your above comment about him is simply out of line. And while I have found your comments to date more constructive than not, it's looking more and more like a COI might be getting in the way of your impartiality. Earlier you called yourself an opponent of "any momentum-destroying criticism" of OWS; FWIW, I find the concept of a political movement that is ''too important to be criticized'' very, very frightening. It's probably the case that everyone who doesn't have their head stuck in the sand has ''some'' POV about OWS at this point, but please consider keeping some of these thoughts to yourself. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 21:35, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::::The United States was born in blood partly over an issue of [[No taxation without representation|taxation without representation]]. We celebrate the result every 4th. Why the shock, people? No got history? I'm not advocating one way or another, or justifying. I just don't get the squeamishness or shock. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 21:45, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::Centrify, I've been trying for days to insert some criticism of OWS. If you value such freedom to use RS in this article without censorship, please try and help. The objections to the RS were spurious, though one might summarize them in a different way. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 21:56, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::I think that's a bit of an uphill battle, or at least it can be. By comparison, it's a relatively simple matter to keep obvious POV-pushing material out, whereas striking an appropriate balance between published criticism and praise is much more daunting. Actually ''summarizing'' or ''synthesizing'' a balance of criticism and praise (like we might wish to do in the lead) can be near-impossible without committing OR, unless there happens to be some comprehensive and neutral scholarly analysis on the subject, which there almost never is.

:::::There is already ''some'' criticism about OWS in the article. Are you suggesting there's way ''too little'' criticism, or just that there is specific critical material that has been wrongfully excluded? If the latter, I'm glad to help, but if the former, I'm with you in spirit but feel a little more hesitant to actually dig in, because that sounds like a boatload of thankless work. That said, I'll be away for a while and probably won't be able to respond again for a few hours. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 22:06, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::There are some really good sources which give general summaries of how conservatives have characterized OWS. It's insulting. But it's an accurate summary of the primary sources. Also, there are some quotes of very notable conservatives such as Rush criticizing OWS, and either the quotes or the general summary or both should be in the article. They're notable and significant relative to this subject. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 22:21, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

Becritical, you give very ''bias'' sources which give ''analyses'', not summaries, of comments that were cherry-picked to only be insulting comments and none of the intelligent or thought out criticisms that have been said. You also imply that all of the criticism of the OWS is coming from conservatives only, but the [http://www.quinnipiac.edu/x1295.xml?ReleaseID=1670| Quinnipiac University] poll done on November 3 shows that 42 percent of independent voters disagree with the movement while only 29 percent of them support it. You keep saying that it is against some policy to use primary sources for quotes, what policy is that? I think if we are going to add criticisms, we should add actual criticism and not cherry-pick the insulting words that conservatives throw out there. It's clear that you want to defame the conservatives and make the criticisms look foolish, but that's not what this article is for. You keep saying "reliable source reliable source", but there is no reason to add those quotes because it is neither an accurate representation of how the conservatives feel nor is it informative.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 00:56, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:Let me be really clear: the bias is irrelevant, only whether the sources are RS is relevant. The polling thing is a minor issue, and can be worked out. And were you to read my previous post directly above yours, you will see I'm not against the quotes, I'm trying to put them in. And don't accuse me of bias for using RS or quotations. It's not my fault if it sounds stupid or insulting, it's the primary source's fault. And the RS sources do have an accurate description of how conservatives have criticized, because their summary is confirmed by the quotes from conservatives. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 01:23, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

::::With regards to me commenting about what has been said about me, I did a quick pros/cons analysis and have chosen not to defend myself and drag out this off-topic stuff. However, I hope the editors of this page know I'm a great editor and everyone still considers me an ally, despite what a handful of editors have to say. I was instrumental in getting rid of Dualus, and returning power over the OWS articles back to fellow Wikipedians, and that may have been the most instrumental "contribution" I've done here. With that said, I want to say I've taken a day off to reflect, but I still think I'm an invaluable editor and I'm sorry to anyone who gets offended by my liberal/progressive bias. I won't quit, I won't give up, '''''I [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfUYuIVbFg0 won't stop believing]''''' or editing in my beloved Wikipedia. Not now, not ever, [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 04:14, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

@[[User:완젬스|완젬스]], Invaluable editors don't intentionally push "invisible POV" in articles to make them "facilitative" to your specific view point. @becritical, If you were to read ''my'' post directly above ''yours'' you would have read what I think about your RS. The RS doesn't convey conservative's opinions accurately, we should look at the actual quotes and put ''that'' in the article, not what the "RS" thinks about the article.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 16:05, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

== Reference Mix-Up ==

Please clean up the mix-up of references "Amy Goodman" and "David Goodman", both are referred to as '''ref name="Goodman"''' which causes wrong footnote links. Thank you. -- [[Special:Contributions/77.189.60.125|77.189.60.125]] ([[User talk:77.189.60.125|talk]]) 21:53, 15 November 2011 (UTC)
:I'm not sure where this problem arises in the article - but it could possibly be moot, as they are brother & sister and do work together. [[User:Cgingold|Cgingold]] ([[User talk:Cgingold|talk]]) 08:43, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

== Post-eviction photos removed ==

:[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street#November_15_Protesters_evicted_from_Zuccotti_Park Post eviction photo gallery at Commons]
[[File:Day 60 Occupy Wall Street November 15 2011 Shankbone 7.JPG|thumb|Hours after the protesters were evicted on November 15, the police cleaned up all the trash and there is little trace of them]][[File:Day 60 Occupy Wall Street November 15 2011 Shankbone 43.JPG|thumb|Protesters return to the park to confront the police after a court order ruled that they could re-occupy the park]]These two photos were [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&diff=461101358&oldid=461090933 removed] with the following edit summary: "Please discuss on Talk before adding any more of your unsourced images and captions (the article already had 15 before you added these two) -- especially ones with a sympathetic bias, which look like POV-pushing". I don't think a photo of an empty park that gives a full view of the area, which is lacking in the article, and one of a protester confronting a police officer are "sympathetic bias", but perhaps reasonable minds could disagree. I also don't know what "unsourced images and captions" are. Regardless, I uploaded roughly 50 photos from the morning of the eviction on Commons, so feel free to use them, or not. --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 13:08, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::I apologize if I offend anyone (I didn't check who removed it) but I totally agree with Shankbone here, especially on the empty park picture. It's a great idea to show the park during it's temporary eviction, because it adds pictures to what is in the timeline. The 2nd picture I'm neutral about whether it stays or goes, but the empty park picture has gotta stay. I don't know why anybody would object to that picture, unless they're objecting to "too many pictures in general" in which case I might add to delete the picture of recycling dishwater for the plants. Go figure, [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 14:11, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:::I agree with 완젬스|완젬스 and I like the other photo very much as well. I would consider it one of the best photos so far. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 15:52, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::::I would agree with removing editor. Shankbone, while a good photographer, has no objectivity regarding OWS, and the article is far too heavily weighed from his photo point of view. (has he uploaded a single picture of OWS doing anything that is not positive?) 완젬스 is/has actively tried to frame this entire article to push a specific propaganda based bias. Actively pumping up positive aspects early in the movement to build momentum for the movement and set the stage of the article (as he has freely stated above). This article is already a great example of misuse of WP to promote a personal agenda, additional pro-movement pictures by Shankbone do no service to WP as a whole. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 16:27, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::Your reasons for agreement are focusing on motivations of the editors, rather than the value of the images. Could you comment specifically on each of the two images in question, and provide your rationale for preferring each one ''not'' be included herein? I hardly think a picture of an empty park is pushing a point of view.--'''~[[User:True Pagan Warrior|T]][[User talk:True Pagan Warrior|P]][[Special:Contributions/True Pagan Warrior|W]]''' 16:34, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::Well I believe the primary editors have serious [[WP:COI]] issues. That aside, I see little additional value of the first picture of the empty park, other than self-promotion of Shankbone's pictures. The second picture adds little either. Protests inherently rely on a perception of right or good vs wrong or bad. When you have a photographer that does not appear to be objective (all positive images, nothing remotely negative) then his pictures promote that perception. Shankbone is simply too close to the movement to be viewed as objective with his images in this situation (IMO). He appears to be a photographer ''for'' the movement, rather than a photographer ''of'' the movement, thus I view most of his work as [[WP:SELFPUB|un-published]] work, and not a [[WP:NPOV|neutral]] depiction of the event. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 16:54, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::::::::We all come to Wikipedia with a POV. Arzel, you obviously have one when you state on the Obama talk page: "I would prefer that WP not be the biased cesspool that it has become on a number of articles. My opinion is based on fact, the fact that Obama has made unprecedented measures toward transparency and by all measures, except his own, failed miserably. Arzel (talk) 16:26, 23 May 2011 (UTC)" We are not expected to be without a POV. We ''are'' expected to attempt to produce articles that are without a slanted POV. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 17:02, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::::::You have ignored my statement completely. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 19:52, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::::::::::As it should be. -A98.. [[Special:Contributions/98.92.184.64|98.92.184.64]] ([[User talk:98.92.184.64|talk]]) 04:13, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

If you are going to add that caption, then make it accurate. "Hours after the protesters were evicted on November 15 there is little trace of them" should be changed to "Hours after the protesters were evicted, the police had cleaned up all the trash." You are clearly pushing a POV with that caption as if the protesters didn't leave trash all over the place. Gandy, You are right about producing articles that are without a slanted POV, and that caption slants it. --[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 19:15, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:I think we should be interested with the content of photographs like any other part of the article. I don't think David Shankbone is attempting to push POV. He may have a conflict of interest, but I think by now everyone contributing here knows that he has a lot of pics from actually being there. He isn't hiding the fact. He should defend a delete if he feels strongly about inclusion. Just having a conflict of interest doesn't mean he can't contribute. But with his having so many contributions already he must recognize how he is the main image contributor. It's a bold edit to add an image in an article already containing a high amount of your image contributions. But many of them have great value, even if I think some may not for this article. I say keep the park image in the time line and I'm against the image of the police as possible POV image. The "Hipster cop" was in GQ, but using anyone else is contentious and could be a BLP issue.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 20:53, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:*'''Comment'''. It should be fairly obvious that when I mentioned photos and captions reflecting a "sympathetic bias" that "look like POV-pushing", I was not referring to the photograph of the empty park, which happens to be the most innocuous and least promotional original image on the page. Is there anyone who disagrees that ''many'' of the numerous original images on the page lend themselves well to promotional purposes and have the appearance of having been selected, and their captions written, in order to emphasize positive aspects of the protest?

::The purpose of WP's policy on original images, so far as I can tell, is ''not'' to transform individual editors who happen to be photographers into "quasi-reliable sources" who are then given free reign to emphasize whatever aspects of the protests comport with their personal views on the article subject. Rather, the purpose is to provide a means for WP articles to include necessary and useful illustrations that could not otherwise be had due to WP's restrictions regarding copyrighted material.

::If anyone has an argument that this article would somehow be sorely lacking in illustrative content if it didn't have ''every last one'' of Shankbone's user-generated photos of, e.g., the lovely sustainable dishwater system, the pedal-powered battery station that protesters had to erect because of FDNY oppression, the hardcore protest-rock guitarist who happens to be a member of the [[Industrial Workers of the World]], various other photos of celebrity onlookers, random vistas of large crowds, union solidarity pictures, etc., I would really like to hear it. Otherwise, I don't see any reasonable rationale for having this article festooned with almost uniformly positive images and captions that are each the whole-cloth invention of one or more WP editors. That would be an end-run around [[WP:NOR]]. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 21:27, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::He has a huge amount at Commons. This isn't even close to "every last" one but he can still add them and we shouldn't be afraid to look at it any differently then content of any other kind, reference, claim etc. He is one of a handful of image contributers that has images that have great value in many different articles, and are used in many different ways. Trust me...this is but a small amount. If you saw all his other contributions you may be surprised. He may just be in the right place at the right time and we just need to be sure the use is encyclopedic.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 22:08, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::Rephrase, I just meant to ask, does anyone really think the article would be lacking without all the Shankbone images that are ''actually on'' the page? [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 22:13, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::I believe they improve the article a great deal. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 22:40, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::I believe the article has too many in a few sections and nothing in others. Undue weight to the over all article. It could use some clipping and maybe a few replaced for alternative images. What there is is David Shankbone images and an article is unlikely to have fair use images if freely available images can be used. Well, these can be used and are simply whats available. Do you want to go though image by image and discuss keep or delete and/or suggest replacements?--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 23:27, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::Generally, I think there are too many images overall (has more images than the article on [[Christmas]], for pete's sake, and it's less than two months old), and that they should be limited to pics that illustrate broader, widely reported themes rather than trivia, some of which really seems cherry-picked. I don't see having images of cheerful, well-groomed protesters recharging batteries, or sustainably dumping dishwater into the park, etc., as any more encyclopedic or any less POV than having pictures of people screaming at cops, sleeping amidst piles of trash, pooping on cop cars, and so forth. In other words, IMO the illustrative and encyclopedic value of such images is outweighed by their tendency to promote a POV. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 00:14, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
:Without commenting to anything else on this thread, photographs are not original research. [[Wikipedia:No_original_research#Original_images|Policy]]: "Original images created by a Wikipedian are not considered original research, so long as they do not illustrate or introduce unpublished ideas or arguments" I did not come anywhere close to falling afoul of this policy or NPOV. If I had witnessed someone shooting heroin between their toes or taking a pooh on a po-po, I would not have hesitated to photograph it and upload it. --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 04:57, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
[[File:Day 50 Occupy Wall Street November 5 2011 Shankbone 27.JPG|thumb|Looks no different than the Daily Mail 'protesters living with trash' photos in [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2046586/Occupy-Wall-Street-Shocking-photos-protester-defecating-POLICE-CAR.html this article]]][[File:Day 17 Occupy Wall Street October 3 2011 Shankbone 15.JPG|thumb|Same with this one as above]]
::What an unhappy accident, then, that your images all happened to turn out so one-sided; simply incredible that during the many weeks you extensively photographed OWS, nothing negative, such as unsightly piles of trash all over the place, happened to catch your attention. Without commenting on anything else in your comment, I'll point out once again that WP:OI is not an excuse to push POV, so it's misleading to simply say "photographs are not original research". [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 15:15, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
:::That's not true and you sound silly. In fact, quite a few of my photos were specifically used [http://ironicsurrealism.com/2011/09/25/occupywallstreet-zuccotti-park-squaters-ignore-owners-notice-to-gtfo-photos/ in this Patriot Action Network blog post] about the trashy conditions. Look at the photographs that go along with news media stories about protesters living among garbage; here is perhaps the most infamous from the [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2046586/Occupy-Wall-Street-Shocking-photos-protester-defecating-POLICE-CAR.html Daily Mail]. Most of those photos with the captions about trash piling up look no different than any of these photos of mine [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_50_Occupy_Wall_Street_November_5_2011_Shankbone_27.JPG] [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_36_Occupy_Wall_Street_October_21_2011_Shankbone_35.JPG] [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_17_Occupy_Wall_Street_October_3_2011_Shankbone_15.JPG ] [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_9_Occupy_Wall_Street_September_25_2011_Shankbone_21.JPG][http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Occupy_Wall_Street_Day_7_September_23_2011_Shankbone_3.JPG] [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_9_Occupy_Wall_Street_September_25_2011_Shankbone_25.JPG][http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_9_Occupy_Wall_Street_September_25_2011_Shankbone_12.JPG]. The problem with this "garbage meme" always was that what reporters called trash was in reality the tarps, provisions, clothing and personal items of the protesters that were piled up due to confined space. They weren't lying around in what they considered to be garbage, they were sitting on their possessions. Regardless, if you want photos like you saw in the news articles, I have plenty on Commons. Additionally, here is [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_50_Occupy_Wall_Street_November_5_2011_Shankbone_3.JPG a photo] of a deranged man slapping a protester, which I guess if you want to stretch it would evidence "violence"? What about people arguing?[http://www.flickr.com/photos/shankbone/6348416685/in/set-72157628012767577] Here is a picture of the [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_16_Occupy_Wall_Street_October_2_2011_Shankbone_4.JPG deranged 'Lotion Man'] whose anti-semitic rant went viral, but he wasn't part of the movement just an opportunist. The drum circles were universally despised by the neighbors and even by some protesters, and I have [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street#Dance_and_music many, many photos] of those, so "negative" is in the eye of the beholder. Centrify/Factchecker, I think the issue is that you are so blinded by your anti-OWS POV that you no longer know what is NPOV, seeing any photographs that aren't explicitly negative as obviously positive. I would encourage you to take care with your editing because I question whether your own strong POV is affecting your judgment. --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 23:55, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
::::What may or may not exist is tempered by the fact that this article is loaded with your positive images from the movement. While this is not inherently bad, it gives an overal biased impression of the article. This is largely the result of activist editors using WP to promote OWS. As I have said before, I think you take good pictures, and your photos of well-known people are quite valuable. My concern here is that you seem to be too closely involved with the movement, and as a result your pictures here lose their objectivity. I would view it the same as having an article written entirely from one single source, and as you know, a picture can be very effective at teling a story. Thus right now it looks like David Shankbone's view of OWS. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 15:09, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Ok David, I should give you credit for having taken some photos of things that could be seen in a negative light; I simply didn't notice these although I think it's fair to say that this was a reasonable oversight given that there are relatively few of them and the thumbnails are small. This still leaves my core concern, though, which is echoed by Arzel's comment above. Regardless of what's in your Commons page, what's in the article has been uniformly positive (and please, don't lecture that it's only an anti-OWS POV that makes me think that obvious puffery about sustainable battery charging and dishwater dumping is promotional). It's not that I think the article should have many images depicting both positive and negative things, but rather that the article is not really well-served by either. (To quote a comment I made above, ''"IMO the illustrative and encyclopedic value of such images is outweighed by their tendency to promote a POV."'') So yes, while adding, e.g., a pic of apparent filth and chaos, would do something to balance the images that may seem to have a promotional tone, it's better to, again, use ''fewer images'' that illustrate broad, widely reported themes, rather than also including photos that depict trivial stuff and tend to promote a POV. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 17:13, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
::::I don't think your point of view that there should be few images on this article would withstand a RfC. Images are a requirement for both GA and FA, and our [[Wikipedia:Images#Choosing_images|Manual of Style]] states, "Because the Wikipedia project is in a position to offer multimedia learning to its audience, images are an important part of any article's presentation. Effort should therefore be made to improve quality and choice of images or captions, rather than deleting them—especially on pages which lack visuals." You have been editing Wikipedia almost as long as I have, and I think you would be hard-pressed to make a persuasive argument to the community that a protest can't be illustrated when we have almost 800 images of various facets of it on Commons. I don't see any POV in the images, but I also remember being told by liberals that [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:David_Shankbone/Protests#Ground_Zero_Mosque_2010 I showed the 'Ground Zero Mosque' protesters in too favorable of a light]; and yet [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ground_Zero_Mosque_Protesters_5.jpg This image] will be featured in a two year exhibition at the [[Museum of the City of New York]]. So I'm used to all sides seeing what they want to see. --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 18:08, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::In fairness, I did not say, and am not saying, that there should be ''few'' images. What I said was that the article should have few''er'' images, and lean towards ones that depict broader themes and don't lend themselves to promotion of a POV. That's just inherent in encyclopedicity, IMO, although I'm sure reasonable minds could disagree with me on that. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 18:51, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== "Financial inequality" vs. inequality in total wealth ==

I've never heard of this term "Financial inequality". Is this just parrotting the source without understanding the term? And then [[WP:SYN]] with another source which has slightly different numbers, and then contrasting the two as if they are different concepts?

::''Financial inequality{{specify}} was greater than inequality in total wealth{{specify}}, with the top 1% of the population owning 42.7%, the next 19% of Americans owning 50.3%, and the bottom 80% owning 7%.<ref name="ForbesJacobs">[http://www.forbes.com/sites/deborahljacobs/2011/11/01/occupy-wall-street-and-the-rhetoric-of-equality/ Occupy Wall Street And The Rhetoric of Equality] ''Forbes'' November 1, 2011 by Deborah L. Jacobs</ref>''

If they are in fact different concepts, could we have a different wikilinks to these articles? Thanks.
[[User:Ufwuct|Ufwuct]] ([[User talk:Ufwuct|talk]]) 23:36, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:I've proposed new wording. If the consensus is to discard my proposed wording and revert the original, I would recommend linking directly to here [http://www2.ucsc.edu/whorulesamerica/power/wealth.html] so the reader doesn't need to go through two sources to find an explanation. [[User:Ufwuct|Ufwuct]] ([[User talk:Ufwuct|talk]]) 23:44, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::I put the definition in parenthesis. What this means is that the poor don't have liquid assets, they don't partake in the windfalls of the stock market or even rental properties etc. Most of their financial wealth is immediately spent on necessities, and they don't have anything left over to make investments to better their financial situation. That is why it takes money (liquid assets) to make money. The rich can make money because they have liquid assets outside of their houses. It's an important advantage of the rich, and you're in the 99% (or really bottom 80%) if you don't know about it. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 00:01, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
== Revamping the timeline section ==

I think the history section is in need of an overhaul. We have two articles that document the progression of events of OWS and the Occupy movement: [[Timeline of Occupy Wall Street]] and [[Occupy movement]]. I propose we revamp the history section on this page to focus solely on New York, and only major moments, with significant moments put on the Timeline article. Non-New York events should go to the location-specific articles, with major events repeated on the Occupy movement article. I think New York should be the central focus here, and the major moments of OWS deserve more attention. If we mention other movements, it should only be when those locations influenced New York (e.g. Scott Olsen in Oakland). Any thoughts? --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 04:33, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:Definitely. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 04:36, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

::This has been discussed before and I think that there was general agreement, however we were all so exhausted just trying to keep up with Dualus, or for whatever other reasons, it was not acted on. As for trying to sort out exactly what happened where, I wonder if it's possible? Will it restrict us when trying to reference something if the ref does not specify the NYC OWS? Or, for instance, we have four Occupy sites here in Maine, but none of them has their own article. What if something major happens (someone dies, etc.) here in Maine? - obviously it would need to go into this article. Or, I remember making a rather sarcastic comment re crime saying xxx did not even occur at the NYC site. But on the other hand, many of the major incidents did not happen in NYC... There is an existing article for all the U.S., however it has been suggested it be deleted...actually there are 2 of them... I've been thinking of putting some Maine info in one of them, but I don't want to go through a lot of work only to have the article deleted... Also, I would guess that any Wikipedia reader would come to this article for basic information. So, all in all, I wonder if it may be a little too early to do anything drastic? Well, just some thoughts. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 21:07, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:::It's a difficult problem, in that the movement is too large for one article. And this is the primary article, but [[Occupy Movement]] ought to be. Making this a generalized article might have support under [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Name#Common_names naming conventions], but then we'd have to revamp the article. An alternative is for editors to just decide to make this strictly OWS, and switch efforts to Occupy Movement. That is logical, but I'm not doing that till people decide to join me. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 21:16, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

::::Yes, it is difficult... I was a major contributor to the Gulf oil spill, the Haiti quake, and the flu pandemic, or perhaps the non-pandemic, and none of them were nearly as difficult as this one. I give everybody that has hung in with this one major credit - certainly anyone reading the article has no idea how much frustrating work has gone into it. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 21:43, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::I'm off my Wikibreak, I'll try to work on revamping the timeline suggestion mid-week and incorporating this feedback, and link to my edits in this section on the talk page when I'm done. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 17:21, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== OWS Library ==

Does anyone feel that the Occupy Wall Street Library merits its own article? It looks like the library has garnered significant coverage lately, i.e. from [[Boing Boing]], etc. So far it has a mention on [[List of destroyed libraries, archives and museums]].--[[User:DoctorWho42|DrWho42]] ([[User talk:DoctorWho42|talk]]) 06:33, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
:Unfortunately, no. At least, not yet. While there is both real and symbolic value, the library doesn't even have a section in this article. That would be the place to start if you can justify more coverage with reliable sources -- e.g. The Rachel Maddow show on MSNBC has featured it several times recently. -A98 [[Special:Contributions/98.92.184.64|98.92.184.64]] ([[User talk:98.92.184.64|talk]]) 12:12, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
::If you can gather enough reliable primary sources with thorough coverage, [[WP:BOLD|go for it]].   '''''— '''''[[User:CMBJ|'''''C M B J''''']]   12:27, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
:::[[WP:Bold]] The worst that can happen is maybe it fails AFD. I say if you have the passion, then go for it (and make sure to have reliable sources) and then tag it for [[WP:Article Rescue Squadron]] if all else fails. If you can write it in an encyclopedic way, then it should be a good read for the many of us casual Wikipedians. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 04:44, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
::::Since the consensus here seems to be in favor of creating the article, I went ahead and did so. Here we are: [[The People's Library]].   '''''— '''''[[User:CMBJ|'''''C M B J''''']]   08:08, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::Change the name to [[Occupy Wall Street Library]] since that is the mainstream coverage it gets. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 12:37, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

::::::Would it be possible to have the article be about Occupy libraries in general, since many (most?) of the different sites seem to have a library? [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 14:15, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

That article has almost no MSM reports that adequately serve as RS's. Most of it is based off blogs, opinion, and the ALA's self-published news releases. The article reads like propaganda. Are there any actual RS that talk about it in a neutral tone? Are there any RS's that make it notable in it's own right? [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 14:55, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:I agree - that material should be pared down, and whatever remaining content is reliable sourced should be merged with this article. [[User:Kelly|'''Kelly''']] [[User talk:Kelly|hi!]] 22:26, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
::OWS library merge is being discussed on its [[Talk:The People's Library|talk page]]. Please contribute if you are interested. Thanks--([[User:Wikipedian1234|Wikipedian1234]] ([[User talk:Wikipedian1234|talk]]) 16:11, 20 November 2011 (UTC))
:::If anyone's interested, the OWS people on facebook are organizing to procure a complete set of NY statutes and older editions of law books, to have a mini-law library within this library. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 12:51, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== [[Occupy Toronto]] ==

Change caption [[File:Occupy Bay Street.JPG|thumb|Right|Occupy [[Bay Street]] in [[Toronto]] was inspired by Occupy Wall Street.]] to include [[Occupy Toronto]]? [[Special:Contributions/99.181.134.6|99.181.134.6]] ([[User talk:99.181.134.6|talk]]) 07:22, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
{{clear}}

== Economic background is undue weight? ==

How are [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&action=historysubmit&diff=461309682&oldid=461308724 this] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&action=historysubmit&diff=461310477&oldid=461309682 this] correct? Isn't the main motivation for the protests economic? How many of the sources discuss economics as part of their coverage? Why did they choose Wall Street? So how are economic details undue weight? Especially compared to other sections. I thought the economic coverage should be expanded if anything. That's the main issue of OWS isn't it? [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 19:41, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:IMO it is never justified to wipe out large sections of an article without prior discussion. Isn't this supposed to be a joint effort? I would suggest the editor return the copy and ask for discussion. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 20:44, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

::The use of the information wasn't even referenced with context to the article (actually the whole intro to that section was un-referenced). It is undue weight to the "Occupy Wall Street" article but relevant and notable enough for due weight. I added a good deal to save the section in good faith to keep it referenced to the claim that it has to do with the movement in the manner mentioned etc. I added a few references to what was a bit of puffery.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 21:15, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:::Well, that seems reasonable! BeCritical?... :D [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 21:33, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

::::I really don't know what he's saying. The material which was originally in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&oldid=461308724#We_are_the_99.25 99%] section was thoroughly referenced, and was referenced to articles about OWS for the most part, with a few details referenced to sources which the articles on OWS themselves used as sources, such as the Congressional Budget Office. IOW, the sources used were about OWS, and discussed the economic details in reference to OWS, and made it clear that they were relevant to OWS. And that's OWS specifically, not just the Occupy movement. Does that answer the concerns or do I not understand? Also, [[We are the 99%]] is even worthy of its own article, so surely worthy of small section here. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 22:30, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::Neither of the two linked removals were 100% good. I think the article should explain, in brief summary, the main concerns of OWS, the ones that have been commented upon repeatedly by reliable sources. We should not try to research the topic of economics ourselves, of course, but our readers are coming here looking for an easily understood explanation. We should give it to them. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 23:07, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

::::::I think it explains in in a concise and accurate way how the slogan or phrase relates to the data and preserves the main essence of what was written originally with additional referenced accuracy. The portion left out simply went into more detail then was needed.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 23:45, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::I think it needs at least its own section with a link to the main 99% article. The summary can be either pared down or divided into a general overview paragraph and a further details paragraph. How about that? I really don't understand the WEIGHT objection. This is the most important motivator for the movement, and deserves probably the most prominent placing and WEIGHT in our "background" coverage. [[Occupy movement|"The Occupy movement is an international protest movement which is primarily directed against economic and social inequality."]] [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 02:09, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

I'm not sure WEIGHT is the fundamental concern; the section looks like there's a fair amount of OR. We're hanging, (coatracking), content on the economy onto an article about the protests. Sure the economy plays a part in why the protests occur but unless a source explicitly makes the connection between economy and OWS, we're dealing with WP:OR. I'm short on time but I did look at a couple of sources and they don't make that kind of connection, so that kind of source and the content they reference should be removed as non compliant. I may have time in the next days to look at the sources, but if not someone else might want to take a look and see if that explicit connection is there.([[User:Littleolive oil|olive]] ([[User talk:Littleolive oil|talk]]) 03:29, 19 November 2011 (UTC))

:Yes, I've been trying to straighten it out. Sources got removed, re-arranged, etc. I think I'm going to rewrite it and put the quotes in the ref tags so that they can't be lost. In a couple of cases, a source pointed us to a document, and I went to that document to get the details. For example, Forbes talked about "financial wealth," and referenced its source, so I went to that source for a definition when someone requested it. I believe all the text was ''originally'' sourced, but there have been too many changes and it's a section that's difficult to change without messing up. It's going to take some time. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 04:25, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:: Wishful thinking, the section has been OR from the start. Sources making a connection beyond that only in the editor's mind have been lacking all along. [[User:The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous|The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous]] ([[User talk:The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous|talk]]) 04:27, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:::No it has not, there was no coatracking at all to begin with. You consistently misunderstand sourcing, for example [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Occupy_Wall_Street/Archive_15#Apparent_Synthesis_of_Economist_article_and_OWS_Income_Growth_Meme here]. The Economist source [http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/10/income-inequality-america?page=1Income] is now gone from the article. Did you take it out? No wonder Littleolive thinks it's OR. Use of [http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/26/us/politics/top-earners-doubled-share-of-nations-income-cbo-says.html?_r=2 sources like this] that don't mention OWS are not my fault. People came in and didn't understand what was going on or how to avoid OR and SYNTH. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 04:39, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:::: Funny, I critiqued the Economist ref in detail, and no substantive rebuttal, defense or reply was ever made. (What ever happened to Mr Muza of Zimbabwe, is he still under the bus where he was thrown?) Why the Economist source is a good ref, we have not been told even once. [[User:The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous|The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous]] ([[User talk:The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous|talk]]) 05:15, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::Where did you give us any reason to think it's bad? What's bad about it? [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 19:28, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::: Strange I would be asked where I addressed the pointlessness of the Economist ref; the talk [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Occupy_Wall_Street/Archive_15#Apparent_Synthesis_of_Economist_article_and_OWS_Income_Growth_Memehere diff] placed by Be in this discussion for my my benefit starts with the critique, but now it seems I'm not the one who could profit from the diff. But never min that. Why are we talking about a ref not in the article? Does anyone have a mind to restore it, or is this simply a personal resentment intruding on the discussion? I'm just not getting the point of this. [[User:The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous|The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous]] ([[User talk:The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous|talk]]) 00:22, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::Yeah, I checked it out on the RS noticeboard, and intend to restore it eventually. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 02:58, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

==[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Littleolive_oil/Sandbox We are the 99% source check]. ==

Because this has become contentious:

I've copied the section to my [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Littleolive_oil/Sandbox Sandbox: We are the 99% source check]. My thought is to check each source to make sure its a RS , note its status, and then when all of the R Sources are assembled edit or rewrite the section. This allows editors, whenever they have a chance, to check a source or two until the job is done.([[User:Littleolive oil|olive]] ([[User talk:Littleolive oil|talk]]) 18:40, 19 November 2011 (UTC))

:I've started working on this, please join in.([[User:Littleolive oil|olive]] ([[User talk:Littleolive oil|talk]]) 19:11, 19 November 2011 (UTC))

::The problem is that with an influx of new editors (who knows if the regulars will still be working on this article a month from now?) that this type of proposal would be very [[WP:CHOICE|labor intensive]], doesn't foreseeably improve the article by much, and carries with it no clout. It's best to just keep the process simple, organic, and with the least amount of effort possible. Whether a source is reliable or not often boils down to an opinion anyway, which then means it can change as easily as consensus can change. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 12:53, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:::I've checked all of the sources for the section, ''We are the 99%.'' The sources which are not reliable are clear violations because they do not explicitly mention OWS, and their use clearly creates [[WP: OR]]. Its a pretty simple process. If anyone wants to double check what I did please feel free([[User:Littleolive oil|olive]] ([[User talk:Littleolive oil|talk]]) 15:33, 21 November 2011 (UTC))

Other questionable sources:
*This source [http://motherjones.com/politics/2011/10/we-are-the-99-percent-creators] while it references OWS may be a blog ... not sure... .([[User:Littleolive oil|olive]] ([[User talk:Littleolive oil|talk]]) 16:11, 21 November 2011 (UTC))

{{OD}}What part is it that you want to rewrite? After reading your work, I'm of the opinion it's all OR and the section can be deleted, because recently consensus emerged that OWS is about the New York campsite only, not the [[Occupy Movement]] which we have an article for. This article is way too bloated as it currently stands (especially the timeline section, which we also have an article for) and it's fine with me if you chop it off here and move it to occupy movement. The chart was also disputed and I thought it isn't pertinent for the OWS demonstrations. I stayed out of the discussion last time, but since you're brave enough to open up the can of worms, I think all the unreliable sources should be deleted and all the original research removed. I'm behind you if you're brave enough for the job, [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 17:17, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== Polling Agreement vs. Support for OWS ==

There was an article somewhere that pointed out how polls varied for Occupy Wall Street because there's a difference between ''supporting'' the movement and ''agreeing'' with it because Americans might agree with Occupy's goals but might not support the movement because of reported crime etc.

Does anyone know where this is? It might already be cited be in the article. [[User:CartoonDiablo|CartoonDiablo]] ([[User talk:CartoonDiablo|talk]]) 16:38, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

:I don't know -haven't focused on this- but it's a very good question and you're right about the difference. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 19:02, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
::[http://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2011/11/occupy-wall-street-0] [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 20:51, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

Well the article was specifically about that and showed how polling is usually higher when it's "agreement" as opposed to "support" and unfortunately not what you posted but thanks for trying to help anyway. [[User:CartoonDiablo|CartoonDiablo]] ([[User talk:CartoonDiablo|talk]]) 03:25, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== Lost & Found [[WSJ]] November 19th resource ==

[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203699404577046591280176250.html Lost, and Found, After Zuccotti Raid] by Maya Pope-Chappell, excerpt ... {{Quotation|Now the raw materials of the protest encampment occupy a Department of Sanitation garage on West 56th Street, where property owners have until Tuesday afternoon—one week after the raid—to find their confiscated possessions and stake their claims.}}

[[Special:Contributions/99.56.120.136|99.56.120.136]] ([[User talk:99.56.120.136|talk]]) 01:19, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== [[The New School]] resource ==

[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203611404577046752806230624.html Occupy Moves to Fifth Avenue] by Sumathi Reddy and Jessica Firger [[Special:Contributions/99.56.120.136|99.56.120.136]] ([[User talk:99.56.120.136|talk]]) 01:26, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== [[New York Times]], resource ==

[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/19/business/occupy-wall-street-has-plenty-of-potential.html An Uprising With Plenty of Potential] by James B. Stewart, published November 18, 2011 in ''Common Sense'', excerpt ... {{Quotation|The issues that spawned the movement — [[Income inequality in the United States|income inequality]], money in politics and Wall Street’s influence — were being drowned out by debates over personal hygiene, noise and crime. ... But critics and supporters alike suggest that the influence of the movement could last decades, and that it might even evolve into a more potent force. “A lot of people brush off Occupy Wall Street as incoherent and inconsequential,” Michael Prell told me. “I disagree.” Mr. Prell is a strategist for the [[Tea Party Patriots]], a grass-roots organization that advocates [[Tea Party movement|Tea Party]] goals of [[fiscal responsibility]], [[free market]]s and [[constitutionally limited government]]. He’s the author of “Underdogma,” a critique of [[left-wing]] [[anti-Americanism]], which includes a chapter on the [[Berkeley Free Speech Movement|Berkeley Free Speech movement]] of the 1960s, which may be the closest historical parallel to the [[Occupy movement]].}}

Also see [[Sidney Tarrow]], [[Jeff Goodwin]], [[Cornel West]], [[Occupy Oakland]] and [[Occupy Seattle]].

[[Special:Contributions/99.56.120.136|99.56.120.136]] ([[User talk:99.56.120.136|talk]]) 01:39, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== Crime ==

If there are notable crime incidents they should be included into the '''''CRIME''''' section. Groping incidents are notable crime incidents and a protester being arrested for a firearm are notable incidents. I think there should be an article of its own regarding the crime in at Occupy Wall Street.[[User:Racingstripes|Racingstripes]] ([[User talk:Racingstripes|talk]]) 06:48, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:Minor incidents certainly aren't notable enough for this article. See if they have any lasting significance to the protest as a whole. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 08:39, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

::There's virtually no crime other than what's been reported, and so far what's been reported is insufficient to warrant a separate article. It will just sabotage the movement's momentum if it were allowed anyway. People don't like crime, and OWS is wholly against crime generally speaking. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 12:57, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

::Whether people like crime or not it is a real aspect of what is occurring on a regualar basis at occupy wall street. Thefts and gropings are common at zuccotti park and should be included in the article, and someone showing up with a gun is not common but it is certainly notable.[[User:Racingstripes|Racingstripes]] ([[User talk:Racingstripes|talk]]) 18:01, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:::완젬스 is actively involved with the movement and has serious [[WP:COI]] issues. However, I find it highly amuzing and ironic that he would say that OWS is against crime when most of their actions, and indeed their formation, is predicated on the basis of committing a crime, ie illegal occupation of private property. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 18:04, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

::Virtually no crime? Check out the [http://biggovernment.com/jjmnolte/2011/10/28/occupywallstreet-the-rap-sheet-so-far/| Occupy Rap Sheet]. Many times them simply being there isn'tlegal because they [http://torontoist.com/2011/11/occupy-toronto-one-month-in-and-safe-for-now/| don't always bother getting permits]. There is a lot of crime sourced in reliable sources and it is very notable.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 18:36, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:::One quick comment, the OWS activists on facebook consider the [[meat world]] protesters as an embarrassment to the [[occupy movement]] generally speaking. There has never been any crime committed on our facebook pages, and in fact we even convinced some idiots not to make bomb threats on the NYSE building on Nov 15th by threatening them that it would fall under terrorism. There's definitely an [http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/manhattan/wall_street_cra_pad_s31YWPjPTt0TYuxLGnu7IK "upper 49.5%"] and a "lower 49.5%" within the 99% both in income and intelligence. The saboteurs of our movement are the ones committing crimes, leaving trash everywhere, defecating on police cars, showing up only for the free food, etc. Crimes such as rape are extremely demoralizing to us and we see a temporary drop in donations every time a major crime (such as rape) is reported. Some OWS members' followers of the finance committee even have wrote on facebook wall that before we purged the words "rape and attempted rapes" from a previous, flawed version of this article, that it was costing us between $500-$1500 per day in fewer donations. (speculation only, there are no reliable sources) So if you have any doubts, ask the finance committee how much the movement suffers both financially and morally when crime slows down the momentum and cash inflows of OWS. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 19:02, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:::Just because you feel that these people are hurting your movement does not give a basis for them to not be included. Actually since they are part of your movement it actually creates a bigger emphasis for them to be included.[[User:Racingstripes|Racingstripes]] ([[User talk:Racingstripes|talk]]) 19:22, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

::::That's my point, we can't do anything about it. It frustrates us, and drains our energies & cripples our fundraising. Crime and bad press are our #1 issues stemming from the camps right now. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 19:34, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

::::::So you are basing your fundraising efforts on the perception that others may have on this article? You should be banned from editing this article. You have shown that you are far far to involved to edit with any sence of objectivity. You are now actively admitting that you have work to edit this article to effect fundraising for OWS. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 21:16, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::::(ec) It's no secret that the article makes no mention of rape anymore. I'm simply pointing out that this whitewashing/censureship/damage-control/etc correlates to daily inflows from paypal/credit card donations, and that this correlation was discovered a week ago. I just wish crime never happened so that way crime wouldn't be a problem. I don't see a dime of that money, nor the $500,000 that my genius finance committee brethren squanders on $700/night hotel rooms and misappropriation. Without fresh money and fresh morale, OWS is losing the support from New York Times and other supportive media outlets. Crime effects fundraising, which is why I think a separate article is a bad idea. It has been a very rough month for us, but I've been as neutral as humanly possible--just check my contribs. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 21:31, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::Quick comments aside, no one has tried to put "groping incidents" into the crime section. If you feel like there is enough information to begin an Occupy Crime section,(there is certainly enough coverage), feel free to create one and I'm sure others would help out.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 21:10, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

::::::Yes he did [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&diff=prev&oldid=461726232]. Even if covered in the news, there is virtually no notability of crime for this article. We only put in things which are of lasting significance to the subject, and a laundry list of petty crimes is not notable. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 21:25, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::Oh, and 완젬스, talking about your promotion of the movement merely makes everyone here think you are just at this article to POV push and will get you nothing but people calling for you to be banned and/or blocked. Just keep all your edits NPOV and don't talk about your personal feelings and all will be okay. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 21:27, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
{{OD}}If in doubt, I err on the side of caution now that some people are putting me under the magnifying glass. Everyone has a pov, but my edits are careful. I saw what happened to [[User talk:Dualus|Dualus]]... [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 21:36, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

@becritical It's your ''opinion'' that the crimes have no "lasting significance". I believe it does. It's also your ''opinion'' that they are not notable even though there is an entire section devoted to them. And as [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] said, "Crimes such as rape are extremely demoralizing to us and we see a temporary drop in donations every time a major crime (such as rape) is reported" and that "fundraising decreases", so obviously someone out there thinks the crime is significant.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 21:39, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:Yeah, it's the perpetrator and it's a totally selfish reason to commit a crime. That's the only person who benefits, for it kills the viability of [[Occupy Movement|the movement]] which OWS started. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 21:46, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
::Your feelings about the selfishness of crime, what brings in donations and what is or is not demoralizing to OWS has absolutely no relevance here, so please stick to discussing the article. As you know, none of this is a consideration in the editing of this article and it's little more than a distraction. Please keep your focus and I encourage you to stop conflating your activism with discussions about the article. --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 00:35, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

:::I put enough cites and significant coverage that clearly shows this needs to be included[[User:Racingstripes|Racingstripes]] ([[User talk:Racingstripes|talk]]) 06:00, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

::::There are just as good sources for many other aspects of the movement that we haven't included because they aren't sufficiently important to the overall subject. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 06:23, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

== Schoen's Demographics Opinion Piece & Related Edits ==

So, for the past few days a self-proclaimed "anti-communist" (they're everywhere and all..), {{user|Factchecker atyourservice}} has been re-adding dubious material to the article when it has been removed. A few of these include placing [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&action=historysubmit&diff=461784856&oldid=461784153 this hit job] by Fox News political analyst [[Douglas Schoen]] in the "demographics" section. At one point I pointed out the Fox News connection, so he decided it was then appropriate to note that he once worked for Clinton. For ''balance'', right? Also, [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&diff=prev&oldid=461791591 hey, have you heard]—the ''Wall Street Journal'' reports that at some point OWS protestors have been using the bathroom of a local McDonalds, now that's big news! Notable even. And, not to miss an angle, he's also pretty [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&diff=prev&oldid=461785731 fond of adding this about hearing loss to a drumming and dancing image caption]. I'm not here all the time, so someone else might want to keep an eye out for his daily sweep. [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 01:16, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

:I think you should be far more concerned about editors that are trying to manipulate this article in order to drive financial donations to OWS. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 01:21, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

::Well, that's no good if that's the case, but I tend to be more concerned with the article body itself (I am assuming you're talking about the talk page here somewhere). [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 01:28, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

:::What concern? That you whitewash the article? There are enough OWS activists editing this article the way it is. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 01:38, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

::::Arzel, does this mean that, in turn, I should immediately assume that you're bank astroturf? See how I didn't do that? Yeahhh. [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 02:02, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

I agree with bloodofox, Certainly his first diff doesn't belong in the article. Maybe in the criticism section. We need to note that WEIGHT is relevant even if an RS has mentioned something. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 01:47, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

:Wow, Blood, you sound like a huge asshole who already knows all he needs to know about my intentions, so I suppose there's no point in replying. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 01:53, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
::I think your broadcast them pretty loud and clear, "fact checker". [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 02:02, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Do you have anything appropriate or constructive to say, or is this section reserved exclusively for personal attacks? [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 02:09, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
::::I'm sorry, this from he who just referred to me as a "huge asshole"? Coherence? [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 02:12, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::You've been accusing me of "hit jobs" in your edit summaries and then you post this tirade basically saying I have malicious intent and shouldn't be trusted. So yeah, I meant what I said. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 02:14, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::That's hardly how I'd characterize my post, but I can't say I'm surprised that this is what you took home from it considering what you've tried to pull there. [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 02:18, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::"Tried to pull". Listen to yourself. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 02:20, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::::Well, I guess we could continue exchanging one-liners, but I'll refrain from clogging up the discussion page here with one-on-one time. You may continue the thread you've started on my wall, if you desire. [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 02:25, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::::I see no point in engaging your angry insults as if they were discussion. I'll be back at a later time to tag the article for POV and discuss some of the ''actual article content'' you've removed with barely a stated justification. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 02:28, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::::::Well, I did "state" a whole paragraph above. But do return, this "dick" and "huge asshole" is always up for discussion. [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 02:30, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

==File:Day 12 Occupy Wall Street September 28 2011 Shankbone 31.JPG Nominated for Deletion==
{|
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;What should I do?
''Don't panic''; a discussion will now take place over on Commons about whether to remove the file. This gives you an opportunity to contest the deletion, although please review Commons guidelines before doing so.
* If the image is [[WP:NFCC|non-free]] then you may need to upload it to Wikipedia (Commons does not allow fair use)
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''This notification is provided by a Bot'' --[[User:CommonsNotificationBot|CommonsNotificationBot]] ([[User talk:CommonsNotificationBot|talk]]) 01:46, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
|}

The article would be more precise of each instance of "protest" and protesters" was replaced by "occupy" and "occupiers." Maybe someone could do this automatically. The distinction is subtle, but important and political: unlike a protest, an occupation is a success per se, even if, for example, demands (if any) remain unmet. --Rirhat — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/24.67.209.104|24.67.209.104]] ([[User talk:24.67.209.104|talk]]) 03:53, 22 November 2011 (UTC) 

== potential resource ==

[[Talk:Occupy movement#potential resource A Sleeping Giant Awakens cover story]] [[Special:Contributions/99.190.83.205|99.190.83.205]] ([[User talk:99.190.83.205|talk]]) 05:22, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

== Misleading summary of source? ==

'':Police estimated that about 3,000 demonstrators were gathered at the port and 4,500 had marched across the city, however a member of the Occupy movement was quoted by the BBC as estimating as many as 30,000 may have taken part.[315]''

And this is from the linked BBC article:

:But a spokesman for the protest movement, who only gave his name as Aaron, told the BBC: "It is an order of magnitude larger than any protests we've seen and we've seen some big ones in the last week."
:
:"There are pockets here and there going on for what seems like miles. I have heard people say 20,000, 30,000... it's impossible to tell." — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/219.78.87.215|219.78.87.215]] ([[User talk:219.78.87.215|talk]]) 07:32, 22 November 2011 (UTC) 

== RE: Funding ==

The section called "Funding"

How can OWS have no central organization yet accept funds? How do we know that funds we send will get to activists and not scammers?
A lot of companies are trying to profit off of the movement.

[[Special:Contributions/173.133.187.239|173.133.187.239]] ([[User talk:173.133.187.239|talk]]) 07:55, 22 November 2011 (UTC)Moi

Talk:Occupy Wall Street

2011-11-22T12:21:18Z

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Dates are in MDY format, with the year being 2011 if unspecified.

== Criticism Section ==

Why even bother mentioning what Glenn Beck and Rush Limbaugh have to say in this article? I suggest getting rid of that, they have no relevance to this movement. --[[User:Caute AF|Caute AF]] ([[User talk:Caute AF|talk]]) 14:10, 8 November 2011 (UTC)
:It's to help build solidarity, so the page could grow some momentum. Now that we're past the critical "hump" of needed momentum, it's fine if you remove it. We initially put it there to make them look bad, but we don't have to let their comments litter our article. Kinda like the "recycled watering of plants" which was a good idea early on, but outlived its usefulness and relevance. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 14:27, 8 November 2011 (UTC)
::Yeah, I just reread it again. It's not even valid criticism, so I removed it. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 14:31, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

:::I will not argue the point, however I have felt all along that critics such as Limbaugh and Beck are as important to the article as the supporters are. Keep in mind that they have the support of millions of Americans. As for being outdated, isn't that what we basically do - document the past? [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 15:30, 8 November 2011 (UTC)
::::Well, it was cherry-picked and does not honestly reflect them. It's just like if you used [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSsFzue-V-I this abortion comment by Obama] which some right-wingers also cherry-picked to try and sum up Obama's view on abortion. It's flatly dishonest to aggrandize people who do not agree with us on OWS, and it undermines our integrity to this article if we overlook these subtle points and hold a double standard for certain points of view. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 16:29, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::That seems reasonable. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 16:40, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

It astounds me and you people ave the audacity to admit your blatantly deceitful tactics in this discussion page.So you added useless information that your admittedly cherry-picked just to make Beck and Limbaugh look bad? And now that it has served your purpose it is OK to delete it? The editors of this article should be ashamed of everything they have done. This has passed the point of ridiculousness. It is amazing how this extremely controversial movement that, according to gallop polling, has less than 20% support from the overall American population has next to no mention of any criticism at all. And the criticism it does have is half-baked, not real criticism about irrelevant things from irrelevant authorities just so you editors can say "look, we are NPOV". Then when anyone brings this forward you get all your friends to log on and give opposing "consensus" and the same 10 editors are the only ones giving consensus.I am appalled.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 18:10, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::: I undid this edit before reading the comment here. (When the edit was made, the editor should have written "see discussion page"). I agree and I put Beck and Limbaugh's criticism back in there. It is relevant since it is both of their initial comments made about the movement. They said little or nothing about the movement when it started and when they TOOK the opportunity to make a statement (the movement was growing and they couldn't ignore it, apparently) this is what they came up with. They do speak for millions and here's their opening [[sally (military)|sally]]. Gandydancer is right on both accounts. They represent millions and wikipedia does "document the past". [[User:Christian Roess|Christian Roess]] ([[User talk:Christian Roess|talk]]) 20:41, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::If we are going to have a criticism section, then Beck and Limbaugh should be in it. I don't think we need to put inflamatory quotes in, however.--[[User:Nowa|Nowa]] ([[User talk:Nowa|talk]]) 12:51, 11 November 2011 (UTC)

Are there any sources that discuss criticism towards the movement not from the far right or conservatives??? [[User:Morrison1630]] 15:37, 11 November 2011 (UTC)

:Don't these Occupiers claim to have no political leanings? So how is that relevant? If they were all from "fart-right sources" would that make them not notable or somehow inaccurate because they don't agree with your world-view?--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 01:04, 12 November 2011 (UTC)

::I see no reason to avoid the Limbaugh etc. quotes. They are criticisms from influential sources on the Right. Whatever we may think of the quotes, if well sourced they are notable criticisms. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 01:20, 12 November 2011 (UTC)
:::It makes Wikipedia look bad if the temporary agenda we had over-extends the original purpose, in our [[WP:CLUE|shaping the article into its future & current form]] Think of an architect building a tall structure--you put temporary scaffoldings until the article reaches the optimal pov. Then you remove the scaffoldings and now the article is "invisibily pov" through subtle tactics like the direction we took early on, to help set the tone of a very progressive-leaning article which is very facilitative to the OWS movement. I wouldn't be here on this article unless I knew it could make a difference to the readers who need an encyclopedic alternative to the propaganda machines known as cnn, fox, abc, nbc, cbs, new york times, etc... [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 14:48, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::What makes WP look bad is when agenda driven editors like yourself try to manipulate the process in order to present your own biased propaganda. What makes you different than the MSM that you seem to deride? Your personal bias is worse if nothing else, and you should be banned from editing this article. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 14:54, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::The process is [[WP:CONSENSUS]] and most of us are left-leaning. I've been a hugely positive help to the article, and review my differences if you like. I've made 41 of the last 500 edits (so about 8% of all edits to the OWS article) and I challenge you to find a single diff from the OWS article which I should be banned for. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 15:03, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::Well I'm sympathetic to the OWS movement but this is not the place to support it. Wikipedia's credibility suffers when editors push a POV, especially in terms as you outline above. It's ironic that Arzel is lecturing you about this, as he/she pushes from the opposite direction. -A98.. [[Special:Contributions/98.92.184.64|98.92.184.64]] ([[User talk:98.92.184.64|talk]]) 03:45, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

Null edit to prevent archival.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 02:04, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

How come the first part of the Criticism section, "A group of bloggers, led by political commentator Erick Erickson, organized a website criticizing the movement entitled 'We Are the 53%,' referring to the 53% of Americans who earn enough income to pay federal income taxes.[196] Although the conservatives of the '53%' have felt the effects of the recession as much as the liberals of the '99%,'" is allowed to imply that everyone that agrees with the 53% argument is a conservative and that everyone who agrees with the 99% Movement is a liberal? In the cited article, it never states or even alludes to this. Additionally, under the Public Opinion subsection of Reaction, it is stated that "National polls over October and November 2011 were mixed, with agreement/approval ratings for Occupy Wall Street varying from 59% to 22%, but approval was fairly consistently larger than disapproval, with large numbers often not giving an opinion." This seems heavily biased, as it only cites TWO surveys prior to this, only one of which is positive, and gives no criteria for what qualifies as "approval [is] fairly consistently larger than disapproval". Also,that first poll cited was taken within the first week of the Occupy Wall Street movement, before it had even spread globally. I find it hard to believe that one's opinion of a protest after two months would be the same after it for "THE PAST FEW DAYS", as quoted in the first survey by TIME. This seems further supported by the later mentioned and cited Gallup poll stating that 61% of Americans felt "they [didn't] know enough to decide" how they felt about the movement. Additionally, the last cited source in the Public Opinion subsection compares the popularity of Occupy Wall Street movement with the Tea Party movement for emphasis of popular support, even though they are completely unrelated. (For what it's worth, I'm a moderate with no particular backing of either association.) Has this article ever been checked for Non-NPOV or Weasel Words violations? — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/70.232.50.252|70.232.50.252]] ([[User talk:70.232.50.252|talk]]) 06:08, 20 November 2011 (UTC) 

:I'm glad you asked that, friend. The NPOV Warning tag has been placed and reverted on this article many times, because the article is POV but if it's your POV, you don't see it that way. If you can tell me specifically how you want the wording to be changed or if you think material should be moved or removed, please let me know and I'll see if I can help you out.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 13:55, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

== Request for comment ==

{{rfc|pol|rfcid=4BDF003}}
Should the fact that the American Nazi Party & the American Communist Party have endorsed the OWS be mentioned in the article? Here are some sources showing how widespread this has been reported. [http://townhall.com/tipsheet/katiepavlich/2011/10/17/nazi_party_supports_occupy_wall_street Town Hall][http://www.sunshinestatenews.com/blog/american-nazi-party-urges-members-join-occupy-protests Sunshine State News][http://www.drudge.com/news/149366/white-poweramerican-nazi-party-supports Drudge][http://www.occupyr.com/General/thread.php?id=151 This one is amuseing, Occupy Resistence][http://blogs.dailymail.com/donsurber/archives/44871 Charleston Daily Mail][http://thegazette.com/2011/10/24/occupy-wall-street-protesters-fail-to-deliver-coherent-message/ The Gazette][http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/post/occupy-wall-street-does-anyone-care-about-the-anti-semitism/2011/03/29/gIQA43p8rL_blog.html WAPO][http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/234995/20111020/occupy-wall-street-alan-king-says-martin-luther-king-would-not-support-99-percent-movement.htm IB Times][http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/special-report/2011/10/17/grapevine-dangerous-border-town-or-vacation-spot Fox News][http://finance.sfgate.com/hearst.sfgate/news/read/19794672/media_needs_to_rename_'occupy_wall_street'_'occupy_zuccotti_park'_until_protesters_move_to_the_'real_street SF Gate][http://www.thehoya.com/opinion/not-the-left-wing-s-party-1.2671951#.TqwS2_Qg9kY The Hoya][http://www.newsmax.com/InsideCover/wall-street-protests-antisemitism/2011/10/18/id/414817 Newsmax][http://www.fuse.tv/news/articles/?article=07cUdvJ5h43Uq Fuse TV][http://nation.foxnews.com/occupy-wall-street/2011/10/30/occupy-wall-streets-rap-sheet Fox again][http://www.lifenews.com/2011/11/02/planned-parenthood-teams-up-with-occupy-wall-st-movement/ Life News][http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/nov/1/my-challenge-to-occupy-wall-street/ Washington Times][http://mediamatters.org/blog/201110180001 Media Matters for America][http://michiganmessenger.com/53269/hundreds-peacefully-occupy-state-capitol-grounds-lansing-park Michigan Messenger][http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/the_hate_in_zuccotti_KyGNaMM6eLBirVJN24fEEP New York Post][http://www.delcotimes.com/articles/2011/10/21/opinion/doc4ea0e329ea692620824742.txt Delaware County Daily Times][http://www.bostonherald.com/news/opinion/op_ed/view.bg?articleid=1376082&srvc=rss Boston Herald][http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/gossip/2011/10/susan-sarandon-nazi-pope-benedict.html LA Times][http://www.myjournalcourier.com/articles/movement-35978-democratic-one.html Jacksonville Courier][http://www.hln.be/hln/nl/960/Buitenland/article/detail/1338580/2011/10/24/Amerikaanse-nazipartij-steunt-Occupy-Wall-Street.dhtml A Belgian paper][http://tehrantimes.com/index.php/opinion/3885-why-the-far-right-supports-the-occupy-movement Tehran times][http://www.israeltoday.co.il/tabid/178/nid/22978/language/en-US/Default.aspx Israel today Magazine][http://nation.foxnews.com/occupy-wall-street/2011/10/15/american-nazi-party-declares-its-full-support-occupy-wall-street-protests Fox Nation][http://www.theblaze.com/stories/american-nazi-party-endorses-occupy-wall-streets-courage-tells-members-to-support-protests-and-fight-judeo-capitalist-banksters/ The Blaze][http://dailycaller.com/2011/10/17/red-white-and-angry Daily Caller][http://www.irishcentral.com/story/news/from-the-right/would-there-be-room-for-jfk-in-todays-democrat-party-134151568.html Irish central][http://chronicle.augusta.com/opinion/letters/2011-11-18/occupy-movement-ruinous?v=1321656353 Augusta Chronicle][http://jacksonville.com/business/columnists/2011-11-15/story/media-treat-tea-party-and-occupy-groups-much-differently Florida Time Union]

Should the fact that antisemitism has also been widely reported be reflected in the article.[http://www.google.co.uk/search?rlz=1C1GGGE_enGB442&aq=f&gcx=w&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=Occupy+Wall+Street#hl=en&safe=off&rlz=1C1GGGE_enGB442&tbm=nws&sa=X&ei=o7y5TrbiFcvu8QPO1PzEBw&sqi=2&ved=0CCUQvwUoAQ&q=occupy+wall+street+anti+semitism&spell=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&fp=a0ab2c0de4713955&biw=1024&bih=499 513 hit on G news] [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 16:10, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

===Nazism discussion===
*'''No''', not until the Nazi Party supports OWS with money or man hours, and the fact is widely reported. A simple endorsement without concrete support is an empty endorsement. It is [[WP:Undue]] weight to list empty endorsements. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 00:27, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No,''' the sources above are widespread, but I wish you'd point out the best ones per [[WP:RS]]. Even those I looked up thinking they were the best like the Boston Herald turned out to be crap [http://www.bostonherald.com/news/opinion/op_ed/view.bg?articleid=1376082&srvc=rss]. Is there anything good in that list? [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 01:37, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:I had the same experience - I picked three I thought must be the "best" and they were total crap. Then I quit looking... [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 12:18, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' - The Nazi Party and Communist Party ''are'' fringe - but the ''coverage'' of their support is ''not''. This is widely spread, and there is no reason to keep it off. '''[[User:Toa Nidhiki05|''Toa'']] [[User talk:Toa Nidhiki05|''Nidhiki'']][[User:Toa Nidhiki05/Userboxes|''05'']]''' 02:47, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''': The ANP has done nothing else except issue a non-committal, meaningless and purely self-serving statement of "support". Support means a lot more than lip-service, especially when the lips are serving no one but themselves. Such statements are therefore not notable, and should not be mentioned at all. It serves no legitimate encyclopedic purpose. We don't mention Hitler in the article on vegetarianism, do we? Same rule applies here. [[User:Dominus Vobisdu|Dominus Vobisdu]] ([[User talk:Dominus Vobisdu|talk]]) 02:55, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No'''. This is little more than a smear campaign run by sections of the media. Wikipedia should have no part in it. [[User:AndyTheGrump|AndyTheGrump]] ([[User talk:AndyTheGrump|talk]]) 02:57, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:::BTW, I see that TLAM is still citing 'Media Matters' on this, in spite of the headline in the linked article: "The Latest Desperate Smear Of Occupy Wall Street Protests: The Nazis Like Them". Ridiculous... [[User:AndyTheGrump|AndyTheGrump]] ([[User talk:AndyTheGrump|talk]]) 03:00, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Not yet''' It may yet become evident that those in the movement share those views, but simply being supported by them would be a guilt by association. Also, I fail to see this as a "smear campaign" as ATG would say since the media has by and large not reported on any of the transgressions committed by OWS participants. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 03:07, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' - Seems like an obvious case of guilt by association. Hundreds of "groups/parties" have mentioned support for OWS. Why just mention these two? [[User:NickCT|NickCT]] ([[User talk:NickCT|talk]]) 04:18, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' - Mention these two because it is widely covered and they are fairly significant. It's also covered that the Black Panthers support the group so we should add that in there too as controversy because that's what it is. AndyGrump is nothing more than an apologetic propagandist come on here to do damage control for his OWS buddies.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.24.190|174.49.24.190]] ([[User talk:174.49.24.190|talk]]) 04:25, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''', because '''it's not true''', apparently. I think it's just a false meme. Looking at the sources, I'm skipping the one likes Drudge and the Tehran paper and a lot of the rest of them because they're obviously not reliable sources... looking for entities with some kind of reputation, I come to the Boston Herald. It's an opinion columnist, and he says that OWS is endorsed by a list of entities including the American Nazi Party and the ''government of the People's Republic of China''... this seems unlikely to be true, so I can't trust this source... next, the reputable LA Times... but its a gossip column (the "Ministry of Gossip")... it says "Meanwhile, the American Nazi Party on Sunday issued a statement of support for the Occupy Wall Street crowd" and they have a link. But the link is [http://www.americannaziparty.com/news/index.php here], which has says nothing of the sort, is not any kind of official statement, and doesn't mention Occupy Wall Street or come close... so this appears to be false. (There doesn't seem to be anything about Occupy Wall Street on the American Nazi Party website, that I could find.) Moving on, we have to drop a little in reliability, let's look at the Jacksonville Courier... it is not a news story but something called "Open Line", which may be an opinion column but is not signed and, inferring from its name, is just ''a place where readers can post stuff''... whatever it is, it appears to be a stream-of-consciousness post by a stoned or deranged person... it says ""The Wall Street Mob has gained some interesting supporters. Among them, The American Nazi Party..." with no support for that. I have zero confidence that the writer is reliable or even sober. How many more of these do I have to look at? And these are the best ones. My patience is exhausted with this subject and with the the editor initiating the RfC, who appears to be a troll. (FWIW, even if it was true it's trivial, of course.) [[User:Herostratus|Herostratus]] ([[User talk:Herostratus|talk]]) 04:35, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
::[http://www.americannaziparty.com/news/archives.php?report_date=2011-10-16] The ANP report was archived, so yes they have endorsed OWS. You appear to have missed a great many of the reliable sources which were posted, such as Fox, Politico, Washington post. Perhaps you ought look again at the sources presented? The point is this is widely reported on, millions of people will have read about it and then look here and see not a word, this damages wiki`s credibility. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 10:30, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:::OK, fine, but still. Who is the American Nazi Party and what is their organizational structure? Does that page constitute an actual endorsement by vote of any central committee, or is it basically some blogger who has discovered the wonders of the [[All caps|CAPS LOCK]] key? How many members do they have? What is there notability in the public discourse? If their name was "American Committee for Public Knowledge" instead of the inflammatory word "Nazi" how notable would this be? The fact is that I could convene a meeting of myself and my cats, call ourselves the Trotskyist Front, create a blog and endorse OWS, and if this was picked up by Drudge and Fox News and the Tehran papers, so what? This is maybe one step above "OWS was endorsed by Mrs. Pinckney Pruddle of 27 Hummingbird Lane, Sandusky, Ohio". It's not a notable event, at all. [[User:Herostratus|Herostratus]] ([[User talk:Herostratus|talk]]) 14:17, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
::::Your [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductio_ad_absurdum fallacious argument] of a meeting with your cats doesn't do a very good job at hiding the fact that you are clearly biased, nor does the equally fallacious comparison with a fictitious other statement. Whether or not *you* think a party is relevant is irrelevant. The fact that it was so widely reported makes it relevant, which is what people have been correctly arguing here.
*'''No''' per NickCT. Why not start a [[List of individuals and organizations that have endorsed Occupy Wall Street]]? — [[User:Malik Shabazz|Malik Shabazz]] [[User talk:Malik Shabazz|Talk]]/[[Special:Contributions/Malik Shabazz|Stalk]] 05:04, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' The first source provided is an editorial in [[Townhall.com]]. Townhall.com is, according to its Wikipedia article, "a web-based publication primarily dedicated to conservative United States politics". I suggest that The Last Angry Man gain familiarity with two important Wikipedia policies, [[WP:RS]] and [[WP:WEIGHT]]. Opinions expressed in fringe publications satisfy neither. Do you read this publication, or did you find it while Google-searching for a source that supports your POV? [[User:The Four Deuces|TFD]] ([[User talk:The Four Deuces|talk]]) 06:13, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
::Townhall has a full editorial staff and meets the criteria as [[W{:RS]] [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 22:57, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' because it's just guilt by association. Nothing could be more opposite from how these protests really are, than by linking them to Nazism. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 07:09, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' ANP is not relevant, their support is not relevant. Connecting them and their alleged support to the OWS is [[WP:SYN]] and even throwing the ANP, nevermind Nazism in the article is [[WP:UNDUE]].--'''[[User:Lvivske|Львівське]]''' ([[User talk:Lvivske|говорити]]) 08:27, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' Support is reported in WP:RS. WP is not censored. – [[user:Lionelt|Lionel]] ([[user talk:Lionelt|talk]]) 09:01, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''yes''' widely reported as fact. ''supports OWS with money or man hours'', that is a benefactor/volunteer, not endorsement. ''Boston Herald turned out to be crap'', http://mediamatters.org/blog/201110180001 Oct 18, Todd Gregory. ''non-committal, meaningless and purely self-serving statement'', none of which are requirements for notability. ''a smear campaign run by sections of the media.'' Few members of the ANP can actually read, no chance in hell they are members of the press. [[User:Darkstar1st|Darkstar1st]] ([[User talk:Darkstar1st|talk]]) 11:30, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' It's a poorly-sourced fringe issue attempting to link the movement to the Nazi party. I don't see this sort of accusation in the hundreds of articles that have been written on the protests in the mainstream media. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 12:31, 9 November 2011 (UTC) poorly sourced? ''The American Nazi Party chairman, said, "My heart is right there with these people. [[User:Darkstar1st|Darkstar1st]] ([[User talk:Darkstar1st|talk]]) 16:05, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Absolutely not. Not only are the groups [[WP:FRINGE|fringe]], but there are no [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] reporting any connection whatsoever. Beyond the reporting that this is a right-wing attempt to connect the groups to the group this article is about, there is no sourcing at all. Seeing as there is definite sourcing about the attempt to connect these groups to these protesters, perhaps we should look at the attempts to enter the information in the same manner. The editor/s who are making these attempts all seem to have the same [[WP:POV|goals]]. [[User:DD2K|Dave Dial]] ([[User talk:DD2K|talk]]) 19:51, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' We don't serve as the mouthpiece for the American Nazi Party. [[User:Hipocrite|Hipocrite]] ([[User talk:Hipocrite|talk]]) 21:41, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Obvious fringe problem but inclusion is also a [[wp:WEIGHT|weight]] problem: there is not any indication why this is a significant item that merits inclusion. The import of information should be obvious to our readers, but at the very least we should be able to explain its inclusion to our readers. Saying "Nazis support OWS" leads to the question, "So what?" and there is no good answer. The opinions of Nazis hold no value in any society. [[wp:GHITS]] and politically-motivated Op-Eds aren't persuasive. This is the same guilt by association nonsense that Americans saw in the 2008 election with [http://crooksandliars.com/jon-perr/al-qaeda-endorsement-highlights-mccains-h Hamas endorses Obama; Al Qaeda endorses McCain]. --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 23:13, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Lots of groups are trying to co-opt this movement, but it is a de-centralized, non-hierarchical movement. That gives it a low [[Drag coefficient]] that, miraculously, attracts many groups whose own agendas are floundering. For example, why is there widespread union support for OWS? The Union leadership announces their support. So that must mean everyone who belongs to such-and-such union needs to fall in line. Right? But then read the fine print. Because the bottom line is the "Union bosses" realized they were losing their own [[Rank and file]] to the movement (ie., their people were showing up at the occupy locations). Let's just say it was "expedient" for the unions to show support for the Occupy movements. But Unions are part of the OWS mix. They aren't dictating anything to OWS. OWS is not part of the Unions. Unions need OWS alot more than OWS needs them. (I would guess that the Nazi movement needs help with their own "rank and file", not to mention a HUGE credibility gap. Again, '''NO'''. If you need more examples of groups or individuals claiming support, I can name many more. How about [[Elizabeth Warren]] taking credit for providing the philosophical underpinnings and ballast for OWS? That's interesting Ms. Warren: if that's the case, then Warren is an anarchist in her roots, and is only (oh by-the-way) incidently running for public office. Could go on and on with examples of many groups and factions wanting a slice of the "OCCU" - pie. [[User:Christian Roess|Christian Roess]] ([[User talk:Christian Roess|talk]]) 23:47, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Based on what I've read, there doesn't seem to be any actual tangible connection between the ANP and the OWS movement (not even a diminutive one). [[User:AzureCitizen|AzureCitizen]] ([[User talk:AzureCitizen|talk]]) 02:25, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' unless we specifically mention all other groups as well that have voiced support. The list mentioned above, if it's started, could be a place for this information. --[[User:Dailycare|Dailycare]] ([[User talk:Dailycare|talk]]) 20:05, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' (My unelaborated !vote) [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 23:23, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' There's a discussion of the response to OWS from several other political bodies (the White House, Congress, 2012 political candidates) as well as the reaction from the public, celebrities, unions, Venezuela, etc. Of course a list of people and groups who support OWS is pointless and uninformative, but if and only if 1.credible sources are used and 2.those sources talk about the response more specifically than saying "the American Nazi Party supports the OWS movement" then just because you don't like the group doesn't mean their reaction is less deserving of mention than that of the Vatican. At a glance it doesn't look like many of the sources above are non-pov but that isn't fatal (to including the ANP's response, not to using the sources!). Re: the fringe problem, I have to agree with Toa Nidhiki05 that while the groups themselves are Fringe their response may well be poignant. And, frankly, if the only unifying feature of participants is membership in the 99% then why should the ANP be excluded? --[[Special:Contributions/68.149.110.63|68.149.110.63]] ([[User talk:68.149.110.63|talk]]) 09:46, 15 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Does not seem to be notable enough. [[User:Darkness Shines|Darkness Shines]] ([[User talk:Darkness Shines|talk]]) 01:25, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' There is no reason not to mention position of ANP. But, of course, this mention should not be ambiguity or impression that the Nazis supported this movement through their actions or money. --[[User:Luch4|Luch4]] ([[User talk:Luch4|talk]]) 12:09, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

===Anti-semitism discussion===
*'''Yes''' - Widely covered, notable. Anti-sementism is an element of the views of many OWS campers, and as they have no real leadership or manifesto, it warrants coverage. '''[[User:Toa Nidhiki05|''Toa'']] [[User talk:Toa Nidhiki05|''Nidhiki'']][[User:Toa Nidhiki05/Userboxes|''05'']]''' 02:49, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*No - again, it seems to be a smear campaign. [[User:AndyTheGrump|AndyTheGrump]] ([[User talk:AndyTheGrump|talk]]) 02:58, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''':There is no evidence that anti-semitism is shared by a significant proportion of OWS participants outside of a tiny minority. The fact that the movement has a few kooks in it is not surprising, nor is it notable enough to warrant mention here. [[User:Dominus Vobisdu|Dominus Vobisdu]] ([[User talk:Dominus Vobisdu|talk]]) 03:00, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' - Widely noted with many examples. No sense in hiding it under the rug. There is no requirement that it be shown to reach some magic number of people to be incorporated. Such faulty logic would dictate that nothing bad ever be reported because one could simply say that none those that do bad things don't represent the movement. If it was one or two incidents then probably not. It is clearly far more than that. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 03:04, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' - ...with requisites. The article on the Tea Party solved the issue of reporting on alleged racism by not trying to account for how widespread racism was, or by simply stating the Tea Party movement was racist. Rather, it focused on the discourse of some accusing it of racism while others defended it, and it focuses on a few major events. Similarly, this article need not state that the Occupy protest movement has an antisemitism problem, but rather has been accused of it, and it could include references to supposed events and counter arguments. This should likely fall not under goals, or philosophy, but rather as a sub-section on reception. --[[User:Cast|Cast]] ([[User talk:Cast|talk]]) 03:29, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' - I scanned the list of articles that came up in the nominators link. The two serious sources that appear (i.e. the [http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/22/nyregion/occupy-wall-street-criticized-for-flashes-of-anti-semitism.html New York Times] & [http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/where-are-the-anti-semites-of-occupy-wall-street/2011/10/24/gIQAP89eDM_story.html Washington Post Article]) refute the anti-semitic charge or point out that it's marginal. If we do want to add a sentence about anti-semitism it would have to be so heavily qualified that it probably wouldn't be worth mentioning. [[User:NickCT|NickCT]] ([[User talk:NickCT|talk]]) 04:24, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''', per NickCT. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 04:32, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*''''No'''. The nominator's link produces nothing of value. Doing my own search, I find (in reliable sources as opposed to polemic blogs etc.) only the same stuff that NickCT finds, to the effect of "some bloggers have claimed anti-semitism, but it appears to not be true". Not notable. [[User:Herostratus|Herostratus]] ([[User talk:Herostratus|talk]]) 04:59, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' per NickCT. I would just point out that the ''Washington Post'' link is an op-ed column, not a news article. — [[User:Malik Shabazz|Malik Shabazz]] [[User talk:Malik Shabazz|Talk]]/[[Special:Contributions/Malik Shabazz|Stalk]] 05:07, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*:re the op-ed column - Duly noted. Apologies for not stating it as such. [[User:NickCT|NickCT]] ([[User talk:NickCT|talk]]) 12:50, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' The first source provided is an editorial in [[Townhall.com]]. Townhall.com is, according to its Wikipedia article, "a web-based publication primarily dedicated to conservative United States politics". I suggest that The Last Angry Man gain familiarity with two important Wikipedia policies, [[WP:RS]] and [[WP:WEIGHT]]. Opinions expressed in fringe publications satisfy neither. Do you read this publication, or did you find it while Google-searching for a source that supports your POV? [[User:The Four Deuces|TFD]] ([[User talk:The Four Deuces|talk]]) 06:14, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' But I think maybe 1 sentence, with a response as user Cast has proposed, but not a whole entire section, which I'm against. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 07:07, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''yes''', if the tea party can have a "racial issues" section, so can ows. [[User:Darkstar1st|Darkstar1st]] ([[User talk:Darkstar1st|talk]]) 07:53, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*:There's no way an entire section will ever get consensus over here, like over at the tea party article, so 1-2 sentences, take it or leave it. If you're trying to divert attention away from the issue by comparing it to the tea party, you'll be hard pressed to convince anyone. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 08:24, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*::See [[WP:CONSENSUS]] to brush up on what it says, because that's what is common (and applied) to both articles. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 08:27, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' - seems [[WP:UNDUE]] to me to use individual comments and turn it into a standalone section. Unless this becomes a relevant part or chunk of the protests, then no. Unless it gains traction in the media in some form, then no. Until then, all of this can be summarized into a single sentence - a section is too much weight.--'''[[User:Lvivske|Львівське]]''' ([[User talk:Lvivske|говорити]]) 08:28, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' The incidents are being reported in WP:RS. Ironically racism by Tea Party members is only alleged. OWS members actually went on anti-semitic rants '''''on TV!''''' I saw it! – [[user:Lionelt|Lionel]] ([[user talk:Lionelt|talk]]) 09:01, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*:There are plenty of references for Tea party members shouting racial epithets (see [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/20/tea-party-protests-nier-f_n_507116.html] for example). The question isn't whether one or two guys within a much larger movement are racist/anti-semetic. The question is whether racism/antisemitism is a pervasive theme within a movement, or whether it represents a viewpoint pushed by a significant portion of a movement's members. [[User:NickCT|NickCT]] ([[User talk:NickCT|talk]]) 12:58, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*::The question is not if ows is racist, rather the several reports of the ANP endorsement the movement is notable. [[User:Darkstar1st|Darkstar1st]] ([[User talk:Darkstar1st|talk]]) 16:09, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*:::What's the difference? It's still guilt by association, and will attract edit warring & make the article unstable. Can't anyone else see that? [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 16:27, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*::::Typical wikipedia mob rule, published racism undue here, not undue at tea party. [[User:Darkstar1st|Darkstar1st]] ([[User talk:Darkstar1st|talk]]) 16:36, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*:::::If you're not in the majority, then just wait your turn. You're trying to change an OWS article during the height of OWS popularity. If you bring up a proposal (an entire section!!!) on antisemitism knowing it will fail, is just [[WP:POINTY|disrupting Wikipedia to prove a point]] which everyone knows nothing good will come from it. It just creates division between editors when the article still has plenty of peaceful improvements we could instead discuss otherwise. If you know an entire section will never gain consensus, then propose something more popular so that the "mob" will agree with it. When you're on the side of the minority, the burden is on you to work with the majority (unless you're like Dualus who bypasses consensus) because without consensus, even the most noble & well-intentioned edits will never stand, and you know that. The tea party is [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/20/tea-party-protests-nier-f_n_507116.html de facto racist] whereas only 2 reliable sources have barely said anything usable about OWS being antisemitic (because as user NickCT said) the statement would have to be so heavily qualified, that it wouldn't be worth mentioning. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 17:54, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*:::re ''"rather the several reports of the ANP endorsement the movement is notable"'' - I think you should be posting your comments in the section above, but as I said above, OWS has reportedly gained the support of [http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2011/11/09/occupy-wall-street-reporters-notebook-reveals-ties-between-percent-movement-and/ the latino community],[http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1111/67793.html former leaders of ACORN],[http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/ad-lib/2011/nov/9/occupy-america-labor-and-pro-choice-win-big/ labor unions],[http://rapfix.mtv.com/2011/11/09/jay-z-wears-occupy-wall-street-shirt-watch-the-throne-tour/ Kayne West],[http://blog.sfgate.com/nov05election/2011/11/09/one-bay-area-mayor-welcomes-occupy-protests-to-her-city/ the mayor of Richmond, California], [http://rapfix.mtv.com/2011/11/09/jay-z-wears-occupy-wall-street-shirt-watch-the-throne-tour/ Jay-Z], [http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/veterinarians-lend-a-hand-zuccotti-park-checking-pets-occupy-wall-street-protesters-article-1.972722 vetrinarians], [http://toronto.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20111108/occupy-wall-st-nanos-poll-111108/20111108/?hub=TorontoNewHome Canadians], etc etc. Should I go on? Get the point? You want to mention all of these groups? If not, why are you so focused on the ANP? [[User:NickCT|NickCT]] ([[User talk:NickCT|talk]]) 02:13, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
*::::Jayz, vets and acorn, you left out Communist Party USA, The American Nazi Party, Revolutionary Communist Party, Black Panthers, Nation of Islam’s Louis Farrakhan, CAIR, Iran’s Supreme Leader, the Ayatollah Khamenei, Hugo Chavez, Revolutionary Guards of Iran, The Govt of North Korea, Communist Party of China, Hezbollah, a regular who's who of obscurity. [[User:Darkstar1st|Darkstar1st]] ([[User talk:Darkstar1st|talk]]) 09:07, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
*:::::Ok.... But you're missing the point. You said we should mention ANP b/c their support has been noted in RSs. I pointed out that an endless slew of folk's support has been noted in RS, and that it's not piratical to mention them all. Again, why are you so focused on highlighting support from particular groups? [[User:NickCT|NickCT]] ([[User talk:NickCT|talk]]) 16:53, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Absolutely not. There are no [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] reporting any connection of this accusation whatsoever. Beyond the reporting of anonymous people who have shown up at some protests, there is no sourcing at all. [[User:DD2K|Dave Dial]] ([[User talk:DD2K|talk]]) 19:51, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:There are plenty of sources which mention it, your saying there is not is pointless. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 22:53, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Again, Wikipedia is not the mouthpiece for the far-right Wurlitzer. [[User:Hipocrite|Hipocrite]] ([[User talk:Hipocrite|talk]]) 21:42, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
::Nor is it a mouthpiece for the leftwing nutjobs of the OWS, wiki reports on what reliable sources have written. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 22:53, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''NO''' - This is more desperation from the Far Right. It's a story generated just like the recent ACORN connection given by an anonymous source to Fox News in the last few days. [[User:Christian Roess|Christian Roess]] ([[User talk:Christian Roess|talk]]) 23:59, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' Seems to have generated a great deal of controversy and has been covered in a great many reliable sources. [[User:Darkness Shines|Darkness Shines]] ([[User talk:Darkness Shines|talk]]) 01:27, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''', per NickCT and Dave Dial. --[[User:Dailycare|Dailycare]] ([[User talk:Dailycare|talk]]) 20:02, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
====Note to admin who closes====
Please take into account the lack of actual policy based reasons for excluding this content. Several editors have said there are no reliable sources regarding the antisemitic remarks being made. This is patently false, it was deemed a serious enough matter by the Anti Defamation League[http://www.adl.org/PresRele/ASUS_12/6138_12.htm] to release a statement on the matter. Some say no as they believe it is a smear campaign, this is not a policy that i am aware of, nor have any sources made this claim that I know of. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 12:35, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
:Regarding the antisemitism discussion? Or the Nazism discussion? (or both?) [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 12:49, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
::The antisemitism discussion, I will create a subsection for the ANP discussion as basically the same arguments have been put forth there as here. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 13:02, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
I would like to bring to your attention: [[Adbusters]] "Accusations of antisemitism". I think this makes any antisemitism remarks at OWS extremely relevant. Especially in light of the opening paragraph of the Origins section: "In mid-2011, the Canadian-based Adbusters Foundation, best known for its advertisement-free anti-consumerist magazine Adbusters..." [[Special:Contributions/74.101.47.220|74.101.47.220]] ([[User talk:74.101.47.220|talk]]) 02:56, 13 November 2011 (UTC)

=== [[Ali Khamenei]] discussion ==
[http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/americas/united-states/111012/ayatollah-ali-khamenei-occupy-wall-street-iran Ayatollah Khamenei on Occupy Wall Street: "It will bring down the capitalist system and the West"]. Should it be in the article? --[[User:Luch4|Luch4]] ([[User talk:Luch4|talk]]) 12:21, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

===Not all or nothing: presenting a 3rd option===

So do the yes's and no's agree to compromise and '''''just have a single, well-written sentence''''', as myself and others have said can be summarized? If so, then let us work on that sentence here, so we have something to look at from those who voted "yes" and we'll see their proposal below. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 08:34, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

:At one time we did have a short discussion with a good ref, but it's long gone. This situation is similar to the incident when a "protester" took a dump on a police car...or so it was said. I believe that we need to remember that there are thousands of homeless in NYC, and most of them live in the very same area that the protest is being held. Not to paint all the homeless with the same brush, but many of them are addicts and/or have serious mental problems. These people have been doing such things in NYC long before the movement established their occupation of the park, but it did not make national news. Same thing for racists - there's nothing new about blaming the Jews for our financial problems - and I can imagine that the protest would draw this sort of racist to the occupy site like bees to honey. Rather than report that the protesters are Nazi, Jew-hating, Commie, dirty hippies, etc., I believe that the information could be covered in an unbiased manner. If we had a reference... [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 12:55, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

::Agreed 100%, and the onus is on people who want to include it. Quick question though--are you saying the "good ref" is long gone? Or the discussion is still in archives or had been deleted? I think a single sentence, in context (with how rare that antisemitism is) can be added, as long as it is put into the proper perspective. There's no way an entire section on antisemitism will ever see the light of day here, and I think the nazism has even less of a chance than antisemitism. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 13:18, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

:::I'll see if I can find it. For all I know my memory could be wrong. I know we both agree that the task of any editing at all in this article was such a hellish experience till Dualus was banned that it was hard to keep up with what the hell was going on. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 14:54, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

::::I don't know if these are the refs from the inclusion I remember, but these two turned up from the past article. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/where-are-the-anti-semites-of-occupy-wall-street/2011/10/24/gIQAP89eDM_story.html] and [http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/22/nyregion/occupy-wall-street-criticized-for-flashes-of-anti-semitism.html?_r=1]. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 15:05, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

:Here is a reliable source, [[Media Matters]], that explains the issue, "[http://mediamatters.org/blog/201110180001 The Latest Desperate Smear Of Occupy Wall Street Protests: The Nazis Like Them]]". We could use that story for the article. [[User:The Four Deuces|TFD]] ([[User talk:The Four Deuces|talk]]) 16:13, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

::Good finds, Gandy, I'll check it out it. Thanks for link thefourdeuce but not quite controversial enough! ''';-)''' [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 16:24, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
::Media Matters is not a reliable source. It is like asking the arsonist who started the fire. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 16:42, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Not sure I would go that far, lol. They're a private non-profit, so they can allow their editors/bloggers more unrestricted and "no strings" journalism & blogs. It's a good site, has lots of recaps & summaries of what the other sides are saying. Each video is like a miniature documentary--highly recommended and very informative for any Wikipedia editor who works on poli-sci articles. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 17:41, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

:::MMfA has come up many times at RSN and is rs. You are confusing the neutrality of a source with its reliability. Certainly it is true that right-wing blogs are playing up the Nazi Party story. [[User:The Four Deuces|TFD]] ([[User talk:The Four Deuces|talk]]) 18:27, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

Here are multiple reliable sources for the Communist Party Support:
http://www.cpusa.org/communist-party-heralds-occupy-wall-street-movement/
http://dailycaller.com/2011/10/17/red-white-and-angry%E2%80%A8-communist-nazi-parties-endorse-occupy-protests/

Sources for Nazi Party support:
http://mediamatters.org/blog/201110180001
http://www.americannaziparty.com/news/archives.php?report_date=2011-10-16
http://whitehonor.com/white-power/the-occupy-wall-street-movement/
http://www.sunshinestatenews.com/blog/american-nazi-party-urges-members-join-occupy-protests

I also have reliable sources for many more so called "fringe" groups like the [[Black Panther]]s, CAIR, and the Socialist Party USA who express support for the OWS movement.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 17:45, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:If you have them, let's see them. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 17:56, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

:These groups may all support OWS, however with a U.S. population of 312,577,000 and most of these groups having less than a couple of thousand members, how can it be justified to add whatever they may believe to the article? I don't think the Black Panthers have any - aren't they defunct? How many are in the American Nazi Party - I'll bet it's not many. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 18:56, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:American Communist Party - 2,000 [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 18:59, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

If you want the sources, [[User:완젬스|완젬스]], then here they are.

Socialist Party USA: http://www.socialistparty-usa.org/occupywallstreet.html; http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2011/10/21/18694303.php; http://dailycaller.com/2011/10/17/thedc-morning-commies-and-nazis-sure-do-like-occupy-wall-street/

CAIR: http://www.washingtonpost.com/the-council-on-ameri/2011/10/21/gIQAgawr4L_photo.html; http://us1.campaign-archive2.com/?u=298c6f637e745b40f9bc04560&id=00ff1bf3e7

Hezbollah: http://almoqawama.org/?a=content.id&id=25969; http://almoqawama.org/?a=content.id&id=25867

Black Panthers: http://www.occupyoakland.org/ai1ec_event/black-panthers-david-hilliard-melvin-dixon-and-eseibio-halliday/; http://www.insidebayarea.com/top-stories/ci_19150533

I am not going to make a giant list of all of them because their are too many. But I have sources for many more.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 19:38, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Not necessary''' -- There are little to no reliable sources that even mention these groups, and the ones that do are either biased and not reliable sources for this article, or mention the attempted connection by right-wing blogs. etc.. If, in the future, these attempts do not subside, the only addition should be about the smear attempts. [[User:DD2K|Dave Dial]] ([[User talk:DD2K|talk]]) 14:51, November 9, 2011 (UTC)

I disagree,anonymous, ever single one of those sources are reliable and none of them are "right-wing". And if we are going to nullify sources because they are bias, then Huffington post, New York Times,and all these other extremely liberal media outlets should be nullified as well. And don't these Occupiers claim to be "grassroots" and have "no political leaning" (even though their funders and leaders and speakers are all democrats)? Since they claim that, isn't it irrelevant what political leanings sources have? Your argument is invalid and the fact that these groups support OWS is absolutely notable. This is no smear attempt, I was asked to give sources for these groups by another editor, and it is undeniable fact that they do support the OWS movement. Also, according to Gallop Polling, the OWS is a Fringe group, so there is no need to smear it, it is already smeared.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 20:07, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

* A single well-written sentence that makes it clear that both of these are being pushed by the far-right American press would be acceptable. [[User:Hipocrite|Hipocrite]] ([[User talk:Hipocrite|talk]]) 21:43, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
* What's in the article right now seems to at least have equally contradicting opinion. Can we live with it and the very short mention in lead or do we need changes?--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 20:32, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
::What you have added is perfect, the mention of the antisemitic remarks with the rebuttal is NPOV and balanced the way an article ought to be written. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 21:20, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Agreed 100%, and I have to say as the most vocal critic of including ANY momentum-halting criticism of OWS, I must proudly say that '''''Amadscientist''''' (an editor I admire for '''''being a great Wikipedian''''') has written the content in such a way as to make both sides happy. Somebody give this man a barn star! (I've given him one already too recently) [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 00:01, 11 November 2011 (UTC)

Null edit to prevent archiving [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 20:16, 13 November 2011 (UTC)

== Lede ==

The lede currently doe not summarize the article, there is no mention of the rapes, attempted rapes, sexual assaults, drug dealing, weapons, defecating in public areas (such as on a police car). Nor is there mention of the people who have endorsed the protests. All these need to be mentioned in the lede. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 12:49, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
:Are you saying it doesn't mention the individual subjects or a critical opposing view represented?--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 14:14, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
I have added more.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 15:00, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
::I am saying that the lede is meant to be an overview on the article in brief, as such anything in the article should also be mentioned in the lede, as in the specific items I mentioned in my previous post. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 16:25, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
:::I understand you feel there should be more weight to these issues but they don't have that weight in the article. They are brought up in the lead however.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 16:34, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
::::It doe not matter how I "feel", it is policy. The lede must reflect what is in the article, currently none of the criminal activity is mentioned at all. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 18:30, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::Guidelines are not absolutes in regards to lead content. Please link the guideline that you refer to for this.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 19:18, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::Or better yet...what's the main stuff you object to not going in besides full lists.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 20:05, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::That was all in the body of the article already and i moved it all into a controversy section and added a line in the lead.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 20:50, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::::Do you honestly believe that writing "there has been some complaints" actually covers rape, attempted rape, sexual assaults, drug dealing, defecating in public, drug dealing and other random acts of violence? Please stop whitewashing this article. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 21:16, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::::Whenever I hear the word "whitewash" used in reference to a WP article, alarm bells go off in my head. Are you really making the claim that these events have been high-profile enough that they need to be not just mentioned, but actually ''enumerated'', in the lead? Assuming you are, I'll object that listing specific criminal allegations and police reports in the lead would be undue weight to incidents that have received comparatively little attention from the press. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 23:21, 10 November 2011 (UTC)

Comparatively little attention? How about [http://thepatriotperspective.wordpress.com/2011/11/06/occupy-wall-street-sex-assault-round-up/ this], [http://news.yahoo.com/kitchen-volunteers-sex-assault-arrest-shocks-zuccotti-park-215348689.html this], [http://biggovernment.com/abreitbart/2011/11/01/rape-gropes-and-assaults-oh-my-mayor-bloomberg-shut-down-zuccotti-park/ this] or [http://abcnews.go.com/US/sexual-assaults-occupy-wall-street-camps/story?id=14873014#.Trxt28Mr27s this]? The crimes are very well covered and have received attention in major news outlets. These allegations wouldn't be undue in the lede.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 00:40, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::::::Are you sure of that? [http://www.google.co.uk/search?aq=f&hl=en&gl=uk&tbm=nws&btnmeta_news_search=1&q=%22occupy+wall+street%22+rape 514 hits on G News] 45 mill odd on google [http://www.google.co.uk/search?rlz=1C1GGGE_enGB442&aq=f&gcx=w&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=%22occupy+wallstreet%22+rape#sclient=psy-ab&hl=en&safe=off&rlz=1C1GGGE_enGB442&source=hp&q=%22occupy+wall+street%22+%2B+rape&pbx=1&oq=%22occupy+wall+street%22+%2B+rape&aq=f&aqi=g1&aql=&gs_sm=s&gs_upl=957l957l1l7614l1l1l0l0l0l0l268l268l2-1l1l0&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&fp=38016e1b6a6bc7ca&biw=1024&bih=499] Seems widely reported to me. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 00:42, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
{{od}} Yes, ''comparatively little attention''. Meaning, relative to pretty much every other aspect of the protests, it has received little attention. By definition, we can't give full-detail coverage in the lead of everything that's significant and discussed in RS's and mentioned in the article. Putting these details in the lead would basically be cherry-picking and highlighting one of the most negative aspect of the protests ''just because'' it is negative. This would be undue weight. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 16:51, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
:Not really, for NPOV you have to have some of the bad stuff in the lede as well as all that sugar. Also you seem to forget the majority of reports are the same old same old, the press is more or less repeating itself. But for neutrality you need to have some controversies in the lede. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 17:06, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
::Straw man, or just a bad argument. Mentioning controversy in the lead doesn't mean we have to list out every kind of allegation there's been. Again, undue weight to something that has received comparatively little attention from the press. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify 
(f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 20:20, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Some mention of the controversy specifically naming the most egregious incidents is required by WP:LEDE. Last Angry Man should have also noted the public nudity, public sexual intercouse and robberies at the protest. There are ample reports in RS. Ignore them all you want--but the fact is '''''they happened.'''''– [[user:Lionelt|Lionel]] ([[user talk:Lionelt|talk]]) 00:18, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Agree with Centrify. There is no WEIGHT argument for having these minor facets in the lead unless the lead were greatly expanded, which is not necessary. You can have various levels of summary in the lead: you can just hit the high points, preferable with a large article, or you can have a small mention of every point. This is a large article. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 01:10, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

* Sounds like some anti-Occupy editors want to paint the movement with overreaching judgements of its worst/fringe elements. While you're at it, why don't you add those juicy tidbits to the leads of other articles about [[New York City]], [[Manhattan]], and [[public parks]]. Oh, and then fix the lead of the [[Tea Party]] protests to reflect its own '''[[Jared Lee Loughner|worst]]''' elements, please. -A98 [[Special:Contributions/98.92.186.80|98.92.186.80]] ([[User talk:98.92.186.80|talk]]) 00:26, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::What worst elements of the tea party? The link you gave linked to a random article about a murderer, there was nothing about the Tea Party in the entire article. There are no fringe elements about the Tea Party, just Nancy Pelosi calling them nazis. And this isn't just worst/fringe elements this is significant support from very questionable groups and it has been widely publicized and just because becritical things it isn't necessary to expand on these points, it doesn't mean they shouldn't be expanded.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 01:59, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

== November 15 raid ==

Right afer Midnight on Nov 15, police raided the camp and evicted the protesters. However, can someone edit that they are now back and are angrier?--[[User:Fknp0nd|Fknp0nd]] ([[User talk:Fknp0nd|talk]]) 15:58, 15 November 2011 (UTC)

:At 1am on Tuesday Nov 15, the NYPD raided Zuccotti Park to clear out the protesters. Over 200 protesters were arrested. See reference: http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/nypd_raiders_roust_rabble_Dp5jSkaFLwGXYElqsxsWjO — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:WriteMe12345|WriteMe12345]] ([[User talk:WriteMe12345|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/WriteMe12345|contribs]]) 16:23, 15 November 2011 (UTC) 

::(indented above entry). In response to the first entry, their anger doesn't seem to have translated into a reoccupation of the space. With two months for the local governments to consider a response and a thetic assertion of a lack of organization, program, I think the outcome for this article is as I outline in the prior thread, with which this thread is redundant. [[Special:Contributions/72.228.177.92|72.228.177.92]] ([[User talk:72.228.177.92|talk]]) 19:48, 15 November 2011 (UTC)

*Only if reliable sources state that it's over should that language be used in the article. [[User:Somedifferentstuff|Somedifferentstuff]] ([[User talk:Somedifferentstuff|talk]]) 20:53, 15 November 2011 (UTC)
::It's nowhere near over. They are calling in bombthreats to the subway systems and/or the NYSE building on [http://2439-occupywallst-com.voxcdn.com/media/img/03QUh.jpg Nov 17th] (source, facebook page wall post) so let's all be patient for more to come or this to play out. Doesn't anyone know or belong to "affinity groups" for [[direct action]]? There's a whole lotta people on this discussion page who are trying to declare it's over, which it won't be until election night on Nov 2012. I tried to delete the last post which was another attempt to silence the disbelievers that this thing is over. Unless the New York Times says it's over, then it isn't over. The smaller you look into the "core of the core of the core" of the leaderless movement, you'll find some people are unwilling to see the occupy movement fail. So many people have nothing left to live for if this movement doesn't succeed. Who wants to hold a degree in psychology or liberal arts, be 30 years old, with Obama having failed us to bring about "hope and change" well this is the movement Obama supports, and it's from his own core supporters. It's up to us to bring about the "change" and all you gotta do is ''like'' their facebook page and you can read the wall posts for hours. Next time, don't call the OWS movement over, unless you have a [[WP:Reliable Source]]. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 05:33, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
*Are the above two posts meant to be in the previous thread "60 day wonder" instead? Just wondering... -98 [[Special:Contributions/98.92.186.80|98.92.186.80]] ([[User talk:98.92.186.80|talk]]) 23:54, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Uhhh. Bomb threats? Please explain. The poster you linked promises "non-violent" action. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 15:49, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
::::Isn't calling in a false bomb threat non-violent? (to shut down the nyse building and/or subways?) I'm not stupid enough to commit a felony, but only a real bomb would be violent, right? It's the same as pulling a fire alarm in the absence of a real fire, it would just clear the building. Aren't both of these examples non-violent methods of [[direct action]]? [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 22:21, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::Hmm. This may be splitting hairs. Like yelling FIRE in a crowded theatre, when there is no fire. I'd say it counts as violent because it is a threat of violence. Empty threats are still threats. By the way, I think we'd need a better source than a Facebook wall post (!). -98.. [[Special:Contributions/98.92.186.80|98.92.186.80]] ([[User talk:98.92.186.80|talk]]) 23:50, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::: http://www.cityofeastlansing.com/Home/Departments/Fire/FalseAlarms/ — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/173.2.81.177|173.2.81.177]] ([[User talk:173.2.81.177|talk]]) 00:26, 17 November 2011 (UTC) 

{{od}} Nah. A bomb scare is potentially dangerous regardless of whether it's a sincere threat to actually blow up a building. If you have any communication with these people, suggest to them that it's a very bad idea. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 01:14, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:That's what I told them (although I thought it was a felony, but this link says it's only a misdemeanor) because if they're going to do it, why are they so dumb to post it on facebook? There will be extra security tomorrow all over New York either way, and they said they're up against the ropes and don't want to go to jail for this. I feel sorry for them because the Nov 15th raid indirectly made everyone scramble, when it was supposed to be a day full of planning for [[direct action]] events planned at the 3 times cited on the poster. I feel bad that the best they can come up with is bomb threats to clear out the NYSE building--I recommended they just do stink bombs instead, like they do on [[Whale Wars]] for direct action, which nobody will go to jail for. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 01:43, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

===This is materializing apparently===
Wow, these guys were serious: http://online.wsj.com/article/APcaba350d658e4999a08e20f209387e40.html where it says ''"NEW YORK — Police say a 29-year-old Occupy Wall Street demonstrator has been arrested on a charge of making a terrorist threat after he was caught on video threatening to attack Macy's with a Molotov cocktail."'' I wonder if he got the idea off of the group's facebook wall? Any thoughts? (by the way, this article was posted 1 hour ago) The stuff came from AP--associated press. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 01:51, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:I'm trying to warn these guys on facebook to do stink bombs, rather than bomb threats. They're all so paranoid I doubt they will listen to random guys giving advice from Wikipedia. Is there any chance that OWS protesters might get charged with terrorism tomorrow? [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 01:52, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::Rape, robbery, illegal drug use, and violation of public sanitation codes seems be more the speed of OWS protesters than terrorism. I don't think the movement could be taken that seriously. [[User:Kelly|Kelly]] ([[User talk:Kelly|talk]]) 02:21, 17 November 2011 (UTC)\
::::Don't judge the movement by its worst/fringe elements. I know you don't do the same for Tea Party, Sarah Palin, et al. Also please see [[WP:NOT#FORUM]] and limit your posts to discussion of improving the article. Your personal views are not constructive. -A98.. [[Special:Contributions/98.92.186.80|98.92.186.80]] ([[User talk:98.92.186.80|talk]]) 03:18, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::You can't let the minority of protesters give us a bad name, otherwise it kills the good efforts done by the majority of ows protesters. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 02:41, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::Don't blame Kelly, blame the big media corporations. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 03:29, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::If a single OWS protester starts making bomb threats to advance the cause, it won't be the media's fault when public opinion of OWS splashes into the toilet . . . [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 12:13, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::Agreed, the OWS people on facebook are possibly under the influence of drugs/alcohol. They all partied all night long to prepare for today. I told them making a bomb threat is considered an act of terrorism on the facebook wall. Sighs, can't stop them now. Here we go, watch these fringe-OWS idiots go to jail now. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 13:57, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::::They're pretty well behaved at least here or we'd be getting emails from them (which I actually wouldn't have minded, but whatever). And this page has not been flooded with people trying to influence, as are many other controversial pages. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 03:01, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:@-A98, funny how you call out the [[WP:NOT#FORUM]] policy for Kelly but but not when [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] is giving a disruptive play-by-play of his facebook exploits on the discussion page. @[[User:완젬스|완젬스]] "blame the big media corporations"? First of all, refer to [[WP:NOT#FORUM]]. This is not a forum for propaganda or debate, if you have suggestions please make them. Secondly, all the big media corporations like CNN, Huffington Post, New York Times, etc. have all praised the movement as some revolutionary success, so even if what you said was appropriate, it is just wrong. And quit using this discussion page as an outlet to defame the Tea Party, I have had about enough of it. How many arrests were there during Tea Parties? How many complaints of trash or noise? How many sexual assaults or rapes? How many cases of violence or defecation? Before you google it, let me give you the answer, 0. Absolutely none.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 14:08, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::When an editor's judgement is obviously compromised, as you just illustrated, then I can certainly call them out on it. You are making the very same mistakes that critics of the Tea Party have made. I am not "defaming" the TP, I am drawing a parallel. There were plenty of criminal problems and otherwise unsavory issues with TP protests, you and others just choose to overlook them. Why? See [[WP:undue]] -- '''we don't frame articles by the subjects' worst elements'''. -A98.. [[Special:Contributions/98.92.184.64|98.92.184.64]] ([[User talk:98.92.184.64|talk]]) 03:58, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
::Trust me, I'm temporarily ashamed of being pro-OWS at the moment. I lost all respect by seeing dozens of people on facebook last night talk about breaking windows and using the shards of glass to slit throats. At first there were only 1-2 posts like this per day on facebook, but now it's 20-30. I hope that it isn't really the OWS people saying that, but people like Jacksoncw logging into facebook and writing that stuff on our wall, trying to make us look bad. I really hope the OWS people are smarter than that, and wouldn't go bragging about their plans to make bomb threats and flash mobs at the subway, halting train service. I hope these idiots know what "non-violent" means, because on facebook they have total disregard for the law, disregard for the good OWS supporters like myself, and most importantly don't care about how bad this will sabotage our movement if the whack crazies act out some of this stuff they're unabashedly posting online for all to see (well, only for those to see who like the facebook page). I feel like we're going to have to do some more censuring/white-washing/damage-control on this page after the bad stuff they plan on doing today. What can you do really, but try to dissuade them? [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 14:04, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::This is getting way off-topic. 완젬스, I understand your frustration with what's happening at Facebook, and I have had my own problems with Jackson's edits, but your above comment about him is simply out of line. And while I have found your comments to date more constructive than not, it's looking more and more like a COI might be getting in the way of your impartiality. Earlier you called yourself an opponent of "any momentum-destroying criticism" of OWS; FWIW, I find the concept of a political movement that is ''too important to be criticized'' very, very frightening. It's probably the case that everyone who doesn't have their head stuck in the sand has ''some'' POV about OWS at this point, but please consider keeping some of these thoughts to yourself. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 21:35, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::::The United States was born in blood partly over an issue of [[No taxation without representation|taxation without representation]]. We celebrate the result every 4th. Why the shock, people? No got history? I'm not advocating one way or another, or justifying. I just don't get the squeamishness or shock. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 21:45, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::Centrify, I've been trying for days to insert some criticism of OWS. If you value such freedom to use RS in this article without censorship, please try and help. The objections to the RS were spurious, though one might summarize them in a different way. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 21:56, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::I think that's a bit of an uphill battle, or at least it can be. By comparison, it's a relatively simple matter to keep obvious POV-pushing material out, whereas striking an appropriate balance between published criticism and praise is much more daunting. Actually ''summarizing'' or ''synthesizing'' a balance of criticism and praise (like we might wish to do in the lead) can be near-impossible without committing OR, unless there happens to be some comprehensive and neutral scholarly analysis on the subject, which there almost never is.

:::::There is already ''some'' criticism about OWS in the article. Are you suggesting there's way ''too little'' criticism, or just that there is specific critical material that has been wrongfully excluded? If the latter, I'm glad to help, but if the former, I'm with you in spirit but feel a little more hesitant to actually dig in, because that sounds like a boatload of thankless work. That said, I'll be away for a while and probably won't be able to respond again for a few hours. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 22:06, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::There are some really good sources which give general summaries of how conservatives have characterized OWS. It's insulting. But it's an accurate summary of the primary sources. Also, there are some quotes of very notable conservatives such as Rush criticizing OWS, and either the quotes or the general summary or both should be in the article. They're notable and significant relative to this subject. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 22:21, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

Becritical, you give very ''bias'' sources which give ''analyses'', not summaries, of comments that were cherry-picked to only be insulting comments and none of the intelligent or thought out criticisms that have been said. You also imply that all of the criticism of the OWS is coming from conservatives only, but the [http://www.quinnipiac.edu/x1295.xml?ReleaseID=1670| Quinnipiac University] poll done on November 3 shows that 42 percent of independent voters disagree with the movement while only 29 percent of them support it. You keep saying that it is against some policy to use primary sources for quotes, what policy is that? I think if we are going to add criticisms, we should add actual criticism and not cherry-pick the insulting words that conservatives throw out there. It's clear that you want to defame the conservatives and make the criticisms look foolish, but that's not what this article is for. You keep saying "reliable source reliable source", but there is no reason to add those quotes because it is neither an accurate representation of how the conservatives feel nor is it informative.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 00:56, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:Let me be really clear: the bias is irrelevant, only whether the sources are RS is relevant. The polling thing is a minor issue, and can be worked out. And were you to read my previous post directly above yours, you will see I'm not against the quotes, I'm trying to put them in. And don't accuse me of bias for using RS or quotations. It's not my fault if it sounds stupid or insulting, it's the primary source's fault. And the RS sources do have an accurate description of how conservatives have criticized, because their summary is confirmed by the quotes from conservatives. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 01:23, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

::::With regards to me commenting about what has been said about me, I did a quick pros/cons analysis and have chosen not to defend myself and drag out this off-topic stuff. However, I hope the editors of this page know I'm a great editor and everyone still considers me an ally, despite what a handful of editors have to say. I was instrumental in getting rid of Dualus, and returning power over the OWS articles back to fellow Wikipedians, and that may have been the most instrumental "contribution" I've done here. With that said, I want to say I've taken a day off to reflect, but I still think I'm an invaluable editor and I'm sorry to anyone who gets offended by my liberal/progressive bias. I won't quit, I won't give up, '''''I [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfUYuIVbFg0 won't stop believing]''''' or editing in my beloved Wikipedia. Not now, not ever, [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 04:14, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

@[[User:완젬스|완젬스]], Invaluable editors don't intentionally push "invisible POV" in articles to make them "facilitative" to your specific view point. @becritical, If you were to read ''my'' post directly above ''yours'' you would have read what I think about your RS. The RS doesn't convey conservative's opinions accurately, we should look at the actual quotes and put ''that'' in the article, not what the "RS" thinks about the article.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 16:05, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

== Reference Mix-Up ==

Please clean up the mix-up of references "Amy Goodman" and "David Goodman", both are referred to as '''ref name="Goodman"''' which causes wrong footnote links. Thank you. -- [[Special:Contributions/77.189.60.125|77.189.60.125]] ([[User talk:77.189.60.125|talk]]) 21:53, 15 November 2011 (UTC)
:I'm not sure where this problem arises in the article - but it could possibly be moot, as they are brother & sister and do work together. [[User:Cgingold|Cgingold]] ([[User talk:Cgingold|talk]]) 08:43, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

== Post-eviction photos removed ==

:[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street#November_15_Protesters_evicted_from_Zuccotti_Park Post eviction photo gallery at Commons]
[[File:Day 60 Occupy Wall Street November 15 2011 Shankbone 7.JPG|thumb|Hours after the protesters were evicted on November 15, the police cleaned up all the trash and there is little trace of them]][[File:Day 60 Occupy Wall Street November 15 2011 Shankbone 43.JPG|thumb|Protesters return to the park to confront the police after a court order ruled that they could re-occupy the park]]These two photos were [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&diff=461101358&oldid=461090933 removed] with the following edit summary: "Please discuss on Talk before adding any more of your unsourced images and captions (the article already had 15 before you added these two) -- especially ones with a sympathetic bias, which look like POV-pushing". I don't think a photo of an empty park that gives a full view of the area, which is lacking in the article, and one of a protester confronting a police officer are "sympathetic bias", but perhaps reasonable minds could disagree. I also don't know what "unsourced images and captions" are. Regardless, I uploaded roughly 50 photos from the morning of the eviction on Commons, so feel free to use them, or not. --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 13:08, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::I apologize if I offend anyone (I didn't check who removed it) but I totally agree with Shankbone here, especially on the empty park picture. It's a great idea to show the park during it's temporary eviction, because it adds pictures to what is in the timeline. The 2nd picture I'm neutral about whether it stays or goes, but the empty park picture has gotta stay. I don't know why anybody would object to that picture, unless they're objecting to "too many pictures in general" in which case I might add to delete the picture of recycling dishwater for the plants. Go figure, [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 14:11, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:::I agree with 완젬스|완젬스 and I like the other photo very much as well. I would consider it one of the best photos so far. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 15:52, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::::I would agree with removing editor. Shankbone, while a good photographer, has no objectivity regarding OWS, and the article is far too heavily weighed from his photo point of view. (has he uploaded a single picture of OWS doing anything that is not positive?) 완젬스 is/has actively tried to frame this entire article to push a specific propaganda based bias. Actively pumping up positive aspects early in the movement to build momentum for the movement and set the stage of the article (as he has freely stated above). This article is already a great example of misuse of WP to promote a personal agenda, additional pro-movement pictures by Shankbone do no service to WP as a whole. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 16:27, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::Your reasons for agreement are focusing on motivations of the editors, rather than the value of the images. Could you comment specifically on each of the two images in question, and provide your rationale for preferring each one ''not'' be included herein? I hardly think a picture of an empty park is pushing a point of view.--'''~[[User:True Pagan Warrior|T]][[User talk:True Pagan Warrior|P]][[Special:Contributions/True Pagan Warrior|W]]''' 16:34, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::Well I believe the primary editors have serious [[WP:COI]] issues. That aside, I see little additional value of the first picture of the empty park, other than self-promotion of Shankbone's pictures. The second picture adds little either. Protests inherently rely on a perception of right or good vs wrong or bad. When you have a photographer that does not appear to be objective (all positive images, nothing remotely negative) then his pictures promote that perception. Shankbone is simply too close to the movement to be viewed as objective with his images in this situation (IMO). He appears to be a photographer ''for'' the movement, rather than a photographer ''of'' the movement, thus I view most of his work as [[WP:SELFPUB|un-published]] work, and not a [[WP:NPOV|neutral]] depiction of the event. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 16:54, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::::::::We all come to Wikipedia with a POV. Arzel, you obviously have one when you state on the Obama talk page: "I would prefer that WP not be the biased cesspool that it has become on a number of articles. My opinion is based on fact, the fact that Obama has made unprecedented measures toward transparency and by all measures, except his own, failed miserably. Arzel (talk) 16:26, 23 May 2011 (UTC)" We are not expected to be without a POV. We ''are'' expected to attempt to produce articles that are without a slanted POV. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 17:02, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::::::You have ignored my statement completely. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 19:52, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::::::::::As it should be. -A98.. [[Special:Contributions/98.92.184.64|98.92.184.64]] ([[User talk:98.92.184.64|talk]]) 04:13, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

If you are going to add that caption, then make it accurate. "Hours after the protesters were evicted on November 15 there is little trace of them" should be changed to "Hours after the protesters were evicted, the police had cleaned up all the trash." You are clearly pushing a POV with that caption as if the protesters didn't leave trash all over the place. Gandy, You are right about producing articles that are without a slanted POV, and that caption slants it. --[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 19:15, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:I think we should be interested with the content of photographs like any other part of the article. I don't think David Shankbone is attempting to push POV. He may have a conflict of interest, but I think by now everyone contributing here knows that he has a lot of pics from actually being there. He isn't hiding the fact. He should defend a delete if he feels strongly about inclusion. Just having a conflict of interest doesn't mean he can't contribute. But with his having so many contributions already he must recognize how he is the main image contributor. It's a bold edit to add an image in an article already containing a high amount of your image contributions. But many of them have great value, even if I think some may not for this article. I say keep the park image in the time line and I'm against the image of the police as possible POV image. The "Hipster cop" was in GQ, but using anyone else is contentious and could be a BLP issue.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 20:53, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:*'''Comment'''. It should be fairly obvious that when I mentioned photos and captions reflecting a "sympathetic bias" that "look like POV-pushing", I was not referring to the photograph of the empty park, which happens to be the most innocuous and least promotional original image on the page. Is there anyone who disagrees that ''many'' of the numerous original images on the page lend themselves well to promotional purposes and have the appearance of having been selected, and their captions written, in order to emphasize positive aspects of the protest?

::The purpose of WP's policy on original images, so far as I can tell, is ''not'' to transform individual editors who happen to be photographers into "quasi-reliable sources" who are then given free reign to emphasize whatever aspects of the protests comport with their personal views on the article subject. Rather, the purpose is to provide a means for WP articles to include necessary and useful illustrations that could not otherwise be had due to WP's restrictions regarding copyrighted material.

::If anyone has an argument that this article would somehow be sorely lacking in illustrative content if it didn't have ''every last one'' of Shankbone's user-generated photos of, e.g., the lovely sustainable dishwater system, the pedal-powered battery station that protesters had to erect because of FDNY oppression, the hardcore protest-rock guitarist who happens to be a member of the [[Industrial Workers of the World]], various other photos of celebrity onlookers, random vistas of large crowds, union solidarity pictures, etc., I would really like to hear it. Otherwise, I don't see any reasonable rationale for having this article festooned with almost uniformly positive images and captions that are each the whole-cloth invention of one or more WP editors. That would be an end-run around [[WP:NOR]]. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 21:27, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::He has a huge amount at Commons. This isn't even close to "every last" one but he can still add them and we shouldn't be afraid to look at it any differently then content of any other kind, reference, claim etc. He is one of a handful of image contributers that has images that have great value in many different articles, and are used in many different ways. Trust me...this is but a small amount. If you saw all his other contributions you may be surprised. He may just be in the right place at the right time and we just need to be sure the use is encyclopedic.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 22:08, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::Rephrase, I just meant to ask, does anyone really think the article would be lacking without all the Shankbone images that are ''actually on'' the page? [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 22:13, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::I believe they improve the article a great deal. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 22:40, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::I believe the article has too many in a few sections and nothing in others. Undue weight to the over all article. It could use some clipping and maybe a few replaced for alternative images. What there is is David Shankbone images and an article is unlikely to have fair use images if freely available images can be used. Well, these can be used and are simply whats available. Do you want to go though image by image and discuss keep or delete and/or suggest replacements?--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 23:27, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::Generally, I think there are too many images overall (has more images than the article on [[Christmas]], for pete's sake, and it's less than two months old), and that they should be limited to pics that illustrate broader, widely reported themes rather than trivia, some of which really seems cherry-picked. I don't see having images of cheerful, well-groomed protesters recharging batteries, or sustainably dumping dishwater into the park, etc., as any more encyclopedic or any less POV than having pictures of people screaming at cops, sleeping amidst piles of trash, pooping on cop cars, and so forth. In other words, IMO the illustrative and encyclopedic value of such images is outweighed by their tendency to promote a POV. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 00:14, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
:Without commenting to anything else on this thread, photographs are not original research. [[Wikipedia:No_original_research#Original_images|Policy]]: "Original images created by a Wikipedian are not considered original research, so long as they do not illustrate or introduce unpublished ideas or arguments" I did not come anywhere close to falling afoul of this policy or NPOV. If I had witnessed someone shooting heroin between their toes or taking a pooh on a po-po, I would not have hesitated to photograph it and upload it. --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 04:57, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
[[File:Day 50 Occupy Wall Street November 5 2011 Shankbone 27.JPG|thumb|Looks no different than the Daily Mail 'protesters living with trash' photos in [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2046586/Occupy-Wall-Street-Shocking-photos-protester-defecating-POLICE-CAR.html this article]]][[File:Day 17 Occupy Wall Street October 3 2011 Shankbone 15.JPG|thumb|Same with this one as above]]
::What an unhappy accident, then, that your images all happened to turn out so one-sided; simply incredible that during the many weeks you extensively photographed OWS, nothing negative, such as unsightly piles of trash all over the place, happened to catch your attention. Without commenting on anything else in your comment, I'll point out once again that WP:OI is not an excuse to push POV, so it's misleading to simply say "photographs are not original research". [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 15:15, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
:::That's not true and you sound silly. In fact, quite a few of my photos were specifically used [http://ironicsurrealism.com/2011/09/25/occupywallstreet-zuccotti-park-squaters-ignore-owners-notice-to-gtfo-photos/ in this Patriot Action Network blog post] about the trashy conditions. Look at the photographs that go along with news media stories about protesters living among garbage; here is perhaps the most infamous from the [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2046586/Occupy-Wall-Street-Shocking-photos-protester-defecating-POLICE-CAR.html Daily Mail]. Most of those photos with the captions about trash piling up look no different than any of these photos of mine [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_50_Occupy_Wall_Street_November_5_2011_Shankbone_27.JPG] [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_36_Occupy_Wall_Street_October_21_2011_Shankbone_35.JPG] [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_17_Occupy_Wall_Street_October_3_2011_Shankbone_15.JPG ] [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_9_Occupy_Wall_Street_September_25_2011_Shankbone_21.JPG][http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Occupy_Wall_Street_Day_7_September_23_2011_Shankbone_3.JPG] [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_9_Occupy_Wall_Street_September_25_2011_Shankbone_25.JPG][http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_9_Occupy_Wall_Street_September_25_2011_Shankbone_12.JPG]. The problem with this "garbage meme" always was that what reporters called trash was in reality the tarps, provisions, clothing and personal items of the protesters that were piled up due to confined space. They weren't lying around in what they considered to be garbage, they were sitting on their possessions. Regardless, if you want photos like you saw in the news articles, I have plenty on Commons. Additionally, here is [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_50_Occupy_Wall_Street_November_5_2011_Shankbone_3.JPG a photo] of a deranged man slapping a protester, which I guess if you want to stretch it would evidence "violence"? What about people arguing?[http://www.flickr.com/photos/shankbone/6348416685/in/set-72157628012767577] Here is a picture of the [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_16_Occupy_Wall_Street_October_2_2011_Shankbone_4.JPG deranged 'Lotion Man'] whose anti-semitic rant went viral, but he wasn't part of the movement just an opportunist. The drum circles were universally despised by the neighbors and even by some protesters, and I have [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street#Dance_and_music many, many photos] of those, so "negative" is in the eye of the beholder. Centrify/Factchecker, I think the issue is that you are so blinded by your anti-OWS POV that you no longer know what is NPOV, seeing any photographs that aren't explicitly negative as obviously positive. I would encourage you to take care with your editing because I question whether your own strong POV is affecting your judgment. --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 23:55, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
::::What may or may not exist is tempered by the fact that this article is loaded with your positive images from the movement. While this is not inherently bad, it gives an overal biased impression of the article. This is largely the result of activist editors using WP to promote OWS. As I have said before, I think you take good pictures, and your photos of well-known people are quite valuable. My concern here is that you seem to be too closely involved with the movement, and as a result your pictures here lose their objectivity. I would view it the same as having an article written entirely from one single source, and as you know, a picture can be very effective at teling a story. Thus right now it looks like David Shankbone's view of OWS. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 15:09, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Ok David, I should give you credit for having taken some photos of things that could be seen in a negative light; I simply didn't notice these although I think it's fair to say that this was a reasonable oversight given that there are relatively few of them and the thumbnails are small. This still leaves my core concern, though, which is echoed by Arzel's comment above. Regardless of what's in your Commons page, what's in the article has been uniformly positive (and please, don't lecture that it's only an anti-OWS POV that makes me think that obvious puffery about sustainable battery charging and dishwater dumping is promotional). It's not that I think the article should have many images depicting both positive and negative things, but rather that the article is not really well-served by either. (To quote a comment I made above, ''"IMO the illustrative and encyclopedic value of such images is outweighed by their tendency to promote a POV."'') So yes, while adding, e.g., a pic of apparent filth and chaos, would do something to balance the images that may seem to have a promotional tone, it's better to, again, use ''fewer images'' that illustrate broad, widely reported themes, rather than also including photos that depict trivial stuff and tend to promote a POV. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 17:13, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
::::I don't think your point of view that there should be few images on this article would withstand a RfC. Images are a requirement for both GA and FA, and our [[Wikipedia:Images#Choosing_images|Manual of Style]] states, "Because the Wikipedia project is in a position to offer multimedia learning to its audience, images are an important part of any article's presentation. Effort should therefore be made to improve quality and choice of images or captions, rather than deleting them—especially on pages which lack visuals." You have been editing Wikipedia almost as long as I have, and I think you would be hard-pressed to make a persuasive argument to the community that a protest can't be illustrated when we have almost 800 images of various facets of it on Commons. I don't see any POV in the images, but I also remember being told by liberals that [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:David_Shankbone/Protests#Ground_Zero_Mosque_2010 I showed the 'Ground Zero Mosque' protesters in too favorable of a light]; and yet [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ground_Zero_Mosque_Protesters_5.jpg This image] will be featured in a two year exhibition at the [[Museum of the City of New York]]. So I'm used to all sides seeing what they want to see. --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 18:08, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::In fairness, I did not say, and am not saying, that there should be ''few'' images. What I said was that the article should have few''er'' images, and lean towards ones that depict broader themes and don't lend themselves to promotion of a POV. That's just inherent in encyclopedicity, IMO, although I'm sure reasonable minds could disagree with me on that. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 18:51, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== "Financial inequality" vs. inequality in total wealth ==

I've never heard of this term "Financial inequality". Is this just parrotting the source without understanding the term? And then [[WP:SYN]] with another source which has slightly different numbers, and then contrasting the two as if they are different concepts?

::''Financial inequality{{specify}} was greater than inequality in total wealth{{specify}}, with the top 1% of the population owning 42.7%, the next 19% of Americans owning 50.3%, and the bottom 80% owning 7%.<ref name="ForbesJacobs">[http://www.forbes.com/sites/deborahljacobs/2011/11/01/occupy-wall-street-and-the-rhetoric-of-equality/ Occupy Wall Street And The Rhetoric of Equality] ''Forbes'' November 1, 2011 by Deborah L. Jacobs</ref>''

If they are in fact different concepts, could we have a different wikilinks to these articles? Thanks.
[[User:Ufwuct|Ufwuct]] ([[User talk:Ufwuct|talk]]) 23:36, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:I've proposed new wording. If the consensus is to discard my proposed wording and revert the original, I would recommend linking directly to here [http://www2.ucsc.edu/whorulesamerica/power/wealth.html] so the reader doesn't need to go through two sources to find an explanation. [[User:Ufwuct|Ufwuct]] ([[User talk:Ufwuct|talk]]) 23:44, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::I put the definition in parenthesis. What this means is that the poor don't have liquid assets, they don't partake in the windfalls of the stock market or even rental properties etc. Most of their financial wealth is immediately spent on necessities, and they don't have anything left over to make investments to better their financial situation. That is why it takes money (liquid assets) to make money. The rich can make money because they have liquid assets outside of their houses. It's an important advantage of the rich, and you're in the 99% (or really bottom 80%) if you don't know about it. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 00:01, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
== Revamping the timeline section ==

I think the history section is in need of an overhaul. We have two articles that document the progression of events of OWS and the Occupy movement: [[Timeline of Occupy Wall Street]] and [[Occupy movement]]. I propose we revamp the history section on this page to focus solely on New York, and only major moments, with significant moments put on the Timeline article. Non-New York events should go to the location-specific articles, with major events repeated on the Occupy movement article. I think New York should be the central focus here, and the major moments of OWS deserve more attention. If we mention other movements, it should only be when those locations influenced New York (e.g. Scott Olsen in Oakland). Any thoughts? --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 04:33, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:Definitely. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 04:36, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

::This has been discussed before and I think that there was general agreement, however we were all so exhausted just trying to keep up with Dualus, or for whatever other reasons, it was not acted on. As for trying to sort out exactly what happened where, I wonder if it's possible? Will it restrict us when trying to reference something if the ref does not specify the NYC OWS? Or, for instance, we have four Occupy sites here in Maine, but none of them has their own article. What if something major happens (someone dies, etc.) here in Maine? - obviously it would need to go into this article. Or, I remember making a rather sarcastic comment re crime saying xxx did not even occur at the NYC site. But on the other hand, many of the major incidents did not happen in NYC... There is an existing article for all the U.S., however it has been suggested it be deleted...actually there are 2 of them... I've been thinking of putting some Maine info in one of them, but I don't want to go through a lot of work only to have the article deleted... Also, I would guess that any Wikipedia reader would come to this article for basic information. So, all in all, I wonder if it may be a little too early to do anything drastic? Well, just some thoughts. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 21:07, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:::It's a difficult problem, in that the movement is too large for one article. And this is the primary article, but [[Occupy Movement]] ought to be. Making this a generalized article might have support under [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Name#Common_names naming conventions], but then we'd have to revamp the article. An alternative is for editors to just decide to make this strictly OWS, and switch efforts to Occupy Movement. That is logical, but I'm not doing that till people decide to join me. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 21:16, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

::::Yes, it is difficult... I was a major contributor to the Gulf oil spill, the Haiti quake, and the flu pandemic, or perhaps the non-pandemic, and none of them were nearly as difficult as this one. I give everybody that has hung in with this one major credit - certainly anyone reading the article has no idea how much frustrating work has gone into it. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 21:43, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::I'm off my Wikibreak, I'll try to work on revamping the timeline suggestion mid-week and incorporating this feedback, and link to my edits in this section on the talk page when I'm done. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 17:21, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== OWS Library ==

Does anyone feel that the Occupy Wall Street Library merits its own article? It looks like the library has garnered significant coverage lately, i.e. from [[Boing Boing]], etc. So far it has a mention on [[List of destroyed libraries, archives and museums]].--[[User:DoctorWho42|DrWho42]] ([[User talk:DoctorWho42|talk]]) 06:33, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
:Unfortunately, no. At least, not yet. While there is both real and symbolic value, the library doesn't even have a section in this article. That would be the place to start if you can justify more coverage with reliable sources -- e.g. The Rachel Maddow show on MSNBC has featured it several times recently. -A98 [[Special:Contributions/98.92.184.64|98.92.184.64]] ([[User talk:98.92.184.64|talk]]) 12:12, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
::If you can gather enough reliable primary sources with thorough coverage, [[WP:BOLD|go for it]].   '''''— '''''[[User:CMBJ|'''''C M B J''''']]   12:27, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
:::[[WP:Bold]] The worst that can happen is maybe it fails AFD. I say if you have the passion, then go for it (and make sure to have reliable sources) and then tag it for [[WP:Article Rescue Squadron]] if all else fails. If you can write it in an encyclopedic way, then it should be a good read for the many of us casual Wikipedians. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 04:44, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
::::Since the consensus here seems to be in favor of creating the article, I went ahead and did so. Here we are: [[The People's Library]].   '''''— '''''[[User:CMBJ|'''''C M B J''''']]   08:08, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::Change the name to [[Occupy Wall Street Library]] since that is the mainstream coverage it gets. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 12:37, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

::::::Would it be possible to have the article be about Occupy libraries in general, since many (most?) of the different sites seem to have a library? [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 14:15, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

That article has almost no MSM reports that adequately serve as RS's. Most of it is based off blogs, opinion, and the ALA's self-published news releases. The article reads like propaganda. Are there any actual RS that talk about it in a neutral tone? Are there any RS's that make it notable in it's own right? [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 14:55, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:I agree - that material should be pared down, and whatever remaining content is reliable sourced should be merged with this article. [[User:Kelly|'''Kelly''']] [[User talk:Kelly|hi!]] 22:26, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
::OWS library merge is being discussed on its [[Talk:The People's Library|talk page]]. Please contribute if you are interested. Thanks--([[User:Wikipedian1234|Wikipedian1234]] ([[User talk:Wikipedian1234|talk]]) 16:11, 20 November 2011 (UTC))
:::If anyone's interested, the OWS people on facebook are organizing to procure a complete set of NY statutes and older editions of law books, to have a mini-law library within this library. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 12:51, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== [[Occupy Toronto]] ==

Change caption [[File:Occupy Bay Street.JPG|thumb|Right|Occupy [[Bay Street]] in [[Toronto]] was inspired by Occupy Wall Street.]] to include [[Occupy Toronto]]? [[Special:Contributions/99.181.134.6|99.181.134.6]] ([[User talk:99.181.134.6|talk]]) 07:22, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
{{clear}}

== Economic background is undue weight? ==

How are [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&action=historysubmit&diff=461309682&oldid=461308724 this] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&action=historysubmit&diff=461310477&oldid=461309682 this] correct? Isn't the main motivation for the protests economic? How many of the sources discuss economics as part of their coverage? Why did they choose Wall Street? So how are economic details undue weight? Especially compared to other sections. I thought the economic coverage should be expanded if anything. That's the main issue of OWS isn't it? [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 19:41, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:IMO it is never justified to wipe out large sections of an article without prior discussion. Isn't this supposed to be a joint effort? I would suggest the editor return the copy and ask for discussion. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 20:44, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

::The use of the information wasn't even referenced with context to the article (actually the whole intro to that section was un-referenced). It is undue weight to the "Occupy Wall Street" article but relevant and notable enough for due weight. I added a good deal to save the section in good faith to keep it referenced to the claim that it has to do with the movement in the manner mentioned etc. I added a few references to what was a bit of puffery.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 21:15, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:::Well, that seems reasonable! BeCritical?... :D [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 21:33, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

::::I really don't know what he's saying. The material which was originally in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&oldid=461308724#We_are_the_99.25 99%] section was thoroughly referenced, and was referenced to articles about OWS for the most part, with a few details referenced to sources which the articles on OWS themselves used as sources, such as the Congressional Budget Office. IOW, the sources used were about OWS, and discussed the economic details in reference to OWS, and made it clear that they were relevant to OWS. And that's OWS specifically, not just the Occupy movement. Does that answer the concerns or do I not understand? Also, [[We are the 99%]] is even worthy of its own article, so surely worthy of small section here. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 22:30, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::Neither of the two linked removals were 100% good. I think the article should explain, in brief summary, the main concerns of OWS, the ones that have been commented upon repeatedly by reliable sources. We should not try to research the topic of economics ourselves, of course, but our readers are coming here looking for an easily understood explanation. We should give it to them. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 23:07, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

::::::I think it explains in in a concise and accurate way how the slogan or phrase relates to the data and preserves the main essence of what was written originally with additional referenced accuracy. The portion left out simply went into more detail then was needed.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 23:45, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::I think it needs at least its own section with a link to the main 99% article. The summary can be either pared down or divided into a general overview paragraph and a further details paragraph. How about that? I really don't understand the WEIGHT objection. This is the most important motivator for the movement, and deserves probably the most prominent placing and WEIGHT in our "background" coverage. [[Occupy movement|"The Occupy movement is an international protest movement which is primarily directed against economic and social inequality."]] [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 02:09, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

I'm not sure WEIGHT is the fundamental concern; the section looks like there's a fair amount of OR. We're hanging, (coatracking), content on the economy onto an article about the protests. Sure the economy plays a part in why the protests occur but unless a source explicitly makes the connection between economy and OWS, we're dealing with WP:OR. I'm short on time but I did look at a couple of sources and they don't make that kind of connection, so that kind of source and the content they reference should be removed as non compliant. I may have time in the next days to look at the sources, but if not someone else might want to take a look and see if that explicit connection is there.([[User:Littleolive oil|olive]] ([[User talk:Littleolive oil|talk]]) 03:29, 19 November 2011 (UTC))

:Yes, I've been trying to straighten it out. Sources got removed, re-arranged, etc. I think I'm going to rewrite it and put the quotes in the ref tags so that they can't be lost. In a couple of cases, a source pointed us to a document, and I went to that document to get the details. For example, Forbes talked about "financial wealth," and referenced its source, so I went to that source for a definition when someone requested it. I believe all the text was ''originally'' sourced, but there have been too many changes and it's a section that's difficult to change without messing up. It's going to take some time. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 04:25, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:: Wishful thinking, the section has been OR from the start. Sources making a connection beyond that only in the editor's mind have been lacking all along. [[User:The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous|The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous]] ([[User talk:The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous|talk]]) 04:27, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:::No it has not, there was no coatracking at all to begin with. You consistently misunderstand sourcing, for example [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Occupy_Wall_Street/Archive_15#Apparent_Synthesis_of_Economist_article_and_OWS_Income_Growth_Meme here]. The Economist source [http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/10/income-inequality-america?page=1Income] is now gone from the article. Did you take it out? No wonder Littleolive thinks it's OR. Use of [http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/26/us/politics/top-earners-doubled-share-of-nations-income-cbo-says.html?_r=2 sources like this] that don't mention OWS are not my fault. People came in and didn't understand what was going on or how to avoid OR and SYNTH. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 04:39, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:::: Funny, I critiqued the Economist ref in detail, and no substantive rebuttal, defense or reply was ever made. (What ever happened to Mr Muza of Zimbabwe, is he still under the bus where he was thrown?) Why the Economist source is a good ref, we have not been told even once. [[User:The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous|The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous]] ([[User talk:The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous|talk]]) 05:15, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::Where did you give us any reason to think it's bad? What's bad about it? [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 19:28, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::: Strange I would be asked where I addressed the pointlessness of the Economist ref; the talk [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Occupy_Wall_Street/Archive_15#Apparent_Synthesis_of_Economist_article_and_OWS_Income_Growth_Memehere diff] placed by Be in this discussion for my my benefit starts with the critique, but now it seems I'm not the one who could profit from the diff. But never min that. Why are we talking about a ref not in the article? Does anyone have a mind to restore it, or is this simply a personal resentment intruding on the discussion? I'm just not getting the point of this. [[User:The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous|The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous]] ([[User talk:The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous|talk]]) 00:22, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::Yeah, I checked it out on the RS noticeboard, and intend to restore it eventually. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 02:58, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

==[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Littleolive_oil/Sandbox We are the 99% source check]. ==

Because this has become contentious:

I've copied the section to my [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Littleolive_oil/Sandbox Sandbox: We are the 99% source check]. My thought is to check each source to make sure its a RS , note its status, and then when all of the R Sources are assembled edit or rewrite the section. This allows editors, whenever they have a chance, to check a source or two until the job is done.([[User:Littleolive oil|olive]] ([[User talk:Littleolive oil|talk]]) 18:40, 19 November 2011 (UTC))

:I've started working on this, please join in.([[User:Littleolive oil|olive]] ([[User talk:Littleolive oil|talk]]) 19:11, 19 November 2011 (UTC))

::The problem is that with an influx of new editors (who knows if the regulars will still be working on this article a month from now?) that this type of proposal would be very [[WP:CHOICE|labor intensive]], doesn't foreseeably improve the article by much, and carries with it no clout. It's best to just keep the process simple, organic, and with the least amount of effort possible. Whether a source is reliable or not often boils down to an opinion anyway, which then means it can change as easily as consensus can change. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 12:53, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:::I've checked all of the sources for the section, ''We are the 99%.'' The sources which are not reliable are clear violations because they do not explicitly mention OWS, and their use clearly creates [[WP: OR]]. Its a pretty simple process. If anyone wants to double check what I did please feel free([[User:Littleolive oil|olive]] ([[User talk:Littleolive oil|talk]]) 15:33, 21 November 2011 (UTC))

Other questionable sources:
*This source [http://motherjones.com/politics/2011/10/we-are-the-99-percent-creators] while it references OWS may be a blog ... not sure... .([[User:Littleolive oil|olive]] ([[User talk:Littleolive oil|talk]]) 16:11, 21 November 2011 (UTC))

{{OD}}What part is it that you want to rewrite? After reading your work, I'm of the opinion it's all OR and the section can be deleted, because recently consensus emerged that OWS is about the New York campsite only, not the [[Occupy Movement]] which we have an article for. This article is way too bloated as it currently stands (especially the timeline section, which we also have an article for) and it's fine with me if you chop it off here and move it to occupy movement. The chart was also disputed and I thought it isn't pertinent for the OWS demonstrations. I stayed out of the discussion last time, but since you're brave enough to open up the can of worms, I think all the unreliable sources should be deleted and all the original research removed. I'm behind you if you're brave enough for the job, [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 17:17, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== Polling Agreement vs. Support for OWS ==

There was an article somewhere that pointed out how polls varied for Occupy Wall Street because there's a difference between ''supporting'' the movement and ''agreeing'' with it because Americans might agree with Occupy's goals but might not support the movement because of reported crime etc.

Does anyone know where this is? It might already be cited be in the article. [[User:CartoonDiablo|CartoonDiablo]] ([[User talk:CartoonDiablo|talk]]) 16:38, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

:I don't know -haven't focused on this- but it's a very good question and you're right about the difference. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 19:02, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
::[http://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2011/11/occupy-wall-street-0] [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 20:51, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

Well the article was specifically about that and showed how polling is usually higher when it's "agreement" as opposed to "support" and unfortunately not what you posted but thanks for trying to help anyway. [[User:CartoonDiablo|CartoonDiablo]] ([[User talk:CartoonDiablo|talk]]) 03:25, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== Lost & Found [[WSJ]] November 19th resource ==

[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203699404577046591280176250.html Lost, and Found, After Zuccotti Raid] by Maya Pope-Chappell, excerpt ... {{Quotation|Now the raw materials of the protest encampment occupy a Department of Sanitation garage on West 56th Street, where property owners have until Tuesday afternoon—one week after the raid—to find their confiscated possessions and stake their claims.}}

[[Special:Contributions/99.56.120.136|99.56.120.136]] ([[User talk:99.56.120.136|talk]]) 01:19, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== [[The New School]] resource ==

[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203611404577046752806230624.html Occupy Moves to Fifth Avenue] by Sumathi Reddy and Jessica Firger [[Special:Contributions/99.56.120.136|99.56.120.136]] ([[User talk:99.56.120.136|talk]]) 01:26, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== [[New York Times]], resource ==

[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/19/business/occupy-wall-street-has-plenty-of-potential.html An Uprising With Plenty of Potential] by James B. Stewart, published November 18, 2011 in ''Common Sense'', excerpt ... {{Quotation|The issues that spawned the movement — [[Income inequality in the United States|income inequality]], money in politics and Wall Street’s influence — were being drowned out by debates over personal hygiene, noise and crime. ... But critics and supporters alike suggest that the influence of the movement could last decades, and that it might even evolve into a more potent force. “A lot of people brush off Occupy Wall Street as incoherent and inconsequential,” Michael Prell told me. “I disagree.” Mr. Prell is a strategist for the [[Tea Party Patriots]], a grass-roots organization that advocates [[Tea Party movement|Tea Party]] goals of [[fiscal responsibility]], [[free market]]s and [[constitutionally limited government]]. He’s the author of “Underdogma,” a critique of [[left-wing]] [[anti-Americanism]], which includes a chapter on the [[Berkeley Free Speech Movement|Berkeley Free Speech movement]] of the 1960s, which may be the closest historical parallel to the [[Occupy movement]].}}

Also see [[Sidney Tarrow]], [[Jeff Goodwin]], [[Cornel West]], [[Occupy Oakland]] and [[Occupy Seattle]].

[[Special:Contributions/99.56.120.136|99.56.120.136]] ([[User talk:99.56.120.136|talk]]) 01:39, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== Crime ==

If there are notable crime incidents they should be included into the '''''CRIME''''' section. Groping incidents are notable crime incidents and a protester being arrested for a firearm are notable incidents. I think there should be an article of its own regarding the crime in at Occupy Wall Street.[[User:Racingstripes|Racingstripes]] ([[User talk:Racingstripes|talk]]) 06:48, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:Minor incidents certainly aren't notable enough for this article. See if they have any lasting significance to the protest as a whole. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 08:39, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

::There's virtually no crime other than what's been reported, and so far what's been reported is insufficient to warrant a separate article. It will just sabotage the movement's momentum if it were allowed anyway. People don't like crime, and OWS is wholly against crime generally speaking. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 12:57, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

::Whether people like crime or not it is a real aspect of what is occurring on a regualar basis at occupy wall street. Thefts and gropings are common at zuccotti park and should be included in the article, and someone showing up with a gun is not common but it is certainly notable.[[User:Racingstripes|Racingstripes]] ([[User talk:Racingstripes|talk]]) 18:01, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:::완젬스 is actively involved with the movement and has serious [[WP:COI]] issues. However, I find it highly amuzing and ironic that he would say that OWS is against crime when most of their actions, and indeed their formation, is predicated on the basis of committing a crime, ie illegal occupation of private property. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 18:04, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

::Virtually no crime? Check out the [http://biggovernment.com/jjmnolte/2011/10/28/occupywallstreet-the-rap-sheet-so-far/| Occupy Rap Sheet]. Many times them simply being there isn'tlegal because they [http://torontoist.com/2011/11/occupy-toronto-one-month-in-and-safe-for-now/| don't always bother getting permits]. There is a lot of crime sourced in reliable sources and it is very notable.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 18:36, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:::One quick comment, the OWS activists on facebook consider the [[meat world]] protesters as an embarrassment to the [[occupy movement]] generally speaking. There has never been any crime committed on our facebook pages, and in fact we even convinced some idiots not to make bomb threats on the NYSE building on Nov 15th by threatening them that it would fall under terrorism. There's definitely an [http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/manhattan/wall_street_cra_pad_s31YWPjPTt0TYuxLGnu7IK "upper 49.5%"] and a "lower 49.5%" within the 99% both in income and intelligence. The saboteurs of our movement are the ones committing crimes, leaving trash everywhere, defecating on police cars, showing up only for the free food, etc. Crimes such as rape are extremely demoralizing to us and we see a temporary drop in donations every time a major crime (such as rape) is reported. Some OWS members' followers of the finance committee even have wrote on facebook wall that before we purged the words "rape and attempted rapes" from a previous, flawed version of this article, that it was costing us between $500-$1500 per day in fewer donations. (speculation only, there are no reliable sources) So if you have any doubts, ask the finance committee how much the movement suffers both financially and morally when crime slows down the momentum and cash inflows of OWS. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 19:02, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:::Just because you feel that these people are hurting your movement does not give a basis for them to not be included. Actually since they are part of your movement it actually creates a bigger emphasis for them to be included.[[User:Racingstripes|Racingstripes]] ([[User talk:Racingstripes|talk]]) 19:22, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

::::That's my point, we can't do anything about it. It frustrates us, and drains our energies & cripples our fundraising. Crime and bad press are our #1 issues stemming from the camps right now. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 19:34, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

::::::So you are basing your fundraising efforts on the perception that others may have on this article? You should be banned from editing this article. You have shown that you are far far to involved to edit with any sence of objectivity. You are now actively admitting that you have work to edit this article to effect fundraising for OWS. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 21:16, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::::(ec) It's no secret that the article makes no mention of rape anymore. I'm simply pointing out that this whitewashing/censureship/damage-control/etc correlates to daily inflows from paypal/credit card donations, and that this correlation was discovered a week ago. I just wish crime never happened so that way crime wouldn't be a problem. I don't see a dime of that money, nor the $500,000 that my genius finance committee brethren squanders on $700/night hotel rooms and misappropriation. Without fresh money and fresh morale, OWS is losing the support from New York Times and other supportive media outlets. Crime effects fundraising, which is why I think a separate article is a bad idea. It has been a very rough month for us, but I've been as neutral as humanly possible--just check my contribs. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 21:31, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::Quick comments aside, no one has tried to put "groping incidents" into the crime section. If you feel like there is enough information to begin an Occupy Crime section,(there is certainly enough coverage), feel free to create one and I'm sure others would help out.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 21:10, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

::::::Yes he did [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&diff=prev&oldid=461726232]. Even if covered in the news, there is virtually no notability of crime for this article. We only put in things which are of lasting significance to the subject, and a laundry list of petty crimes is not notable. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 21:25, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::Oh, and 완젬스, talking about your promotion of the movement merely makes everyone here think you are just at this article to POV push and will get you nothing but people calling for you to be banned and/or blocked. Just keep all your edits NPOV and don't talk about your personal feelings and all will be okay. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 21:27, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
{{OD}}If in doubt, I err on the side of caution now that some people are putting me under the magnifying glass. Everyone has a pov, but my edits are careful. I saw what happened to [[User talk:Dualus|Dualus]]... [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 21:36, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

@becritical It's your ''opinion'' that the crimes have no "lasting significance". I believe it does. It's also your ''opinion'' that they are not notable even though there is an entire section devoted to them. And as [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] said, "Crimes such as rape are extremely demoralizing to us and we see a temporary drop in donations every time a major crime (such as rape) is reported" and that "fundraising decreases", so obviously someone out there thinks the crime is significant.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 21:39, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:Yeah, it's the perpetrator and it's a totally selfish reason to commit a crime. That's the only person who benefits, for it kills the viability of [[Occupy Movement|the movement]] which OWS started. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 21:46, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
::Your feelings about the selfishness of crime, what brings in donations and what is or is not demoralizing to OWS has absolutely no relevance here, so please stick to discussing the article. As you know, none of this is a consideration in the editing of this article and it's little more than a distraction. Please keep your focus and I encourage you to stop conflating your activism with discussions about the article. --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 00:35, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

:::I put enough cites and significant coverage that clearly shows this needs to be included[[User:Racingstripes|Racingstripes]] ([[User talk:Racingstripes|talk]]) 06:00, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

::::There are just as good sources for many other aspects of the movement that we haven't included because they aren't sufficiently important to the overall subject. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 06:23, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

== Schoen's Demographics Opinion Piece & Related Edits ==

So, for the past few days a self-proclaimed "anti-communist" (they're everywhere and all..), {{user|Factchecker atyourservice}} has been re-adding dubious material to the article when it has been removed. A few of these include placing [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&action=historysubmit&diff=461784856&oldid=461784153 this hit job] by Fox News political analyst [[Douglas Schoen]] in the "demographics" section. At one point I pointed out the Fox News connection, so he decided it was then appropriate to note that he once worked for Clinton. For ''balance'', right? Also, [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&diff=prev&oldid=461791591 hey, have you heard]—the ''Wall Street Journal'' reports that at some point OWS protestors have been using the bathroom of a local McDonalds, now that's big news! Notable even. And, not to miss an angle, he's also pretty [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&diff=prev&oldid=461785731 fond of adding this about hearing loss to a drumming and dancing image caption]. I'm not here all the time, so someone else might want to keep an eye out for his daily sweep. [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 01:16, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

:I think you should be far more concerned about editors that are trying to manipulate this article in order to drive financial donations to OWS. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 01:21, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

::Well, that's no good if that's the case, but I tend to be more concerned with the article body itself (I am assuming you're talking about the talk page here somewhere). [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 01:28, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

:::What concern? That you whitewash the article? There are enough OWS activists editing this article the way it is. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 01:38, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

::::Arzel, does this mean that, in turn, I should immediately assume that you're bank astroturf? See how I didn't do that? Yeahhh. [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 02:02, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

I agree with bloodofox, Certainly his first diff doesn't belong in the article. Maybe in the criticism section. We need to note that WEIGHT is relevant even if an RS has mentioned something. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 01:47, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

:Wow, Blood, you sound like a huge asshole who already knows all he needs to know about my intentions, so I suppose there's no point in replying. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 01:53, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
::I think your broadcast them pretty loud and clear, "fact checker". [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 02:02, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Do you have anything appropriate or constructive to say, or is this section reserved exclusively for personal attacks? [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 02:09, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
::::I'm sorry, this from he who just referred to me as a "huge asshole"? Coherence? [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 02:12, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::You've been accusing me of "hit jobs" in your edit summaries and then you post this tirade basically saying I have malicious intent and shouldn't be trusted. So yeah, I meant what I said. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 02:14, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::That's hardly how I'd characterize my post, but I can't say I'm surprised that this is what you took home from it considering what you've tried to pull there. [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 02:18, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::"Tried to pull". Listen to yourself. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 02:20, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::::Well, I guess we could continue exchanging one-liners, but I'll refrain from clogging up the discussion page here with one-on-one time. You may continue the thread you've started on my wall, if you desire. [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 02:25, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::::I see no point in engaging your angry insults as if they were discussion. I'll be back at a later time to tag the article for POV and discuss some of the ''actual article content'' you've removed with barely a stated justification. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 02:28, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::::::Well, I did "state" a whole paragraph above. But do return, this "dick" and "huge asshole" is always up for discussion. [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 02:30, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

==File:Day 12 Occupy Wall Street September 28 2011 Shankbone 31.JPG Nominated for Deletion==
{|
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| An image used in this article, [[commons:File:Day 12 Occupy Wall Street September 28 2011 Shankbone 31.JPG|File:Day 12 Occupy Wall Street September 28 2011 Shankbone 31.JPG]], has been nominated for deletion at [[Wikimedia Commons]] in the following category: ''Deletion requests November 2011''
;What should I do?
''Don't panic''; a discussion will now take place over on Commons about whether to remove the file. This gives you an opportunity to contest the deletion, although please review Commons guidelines before doing so.
* If the image is [[WP:NFCC|non-free]] then you may need to upload it to Wikipedia (Commons does not allow fair use)
* If the image isn't freely licensed and there is no [[WP:FUR|fair use rationale]] then it cannot be uploaded or used.

''This notification is provided by a Bot'' --[[User:CommonsNotificationBot|CommonsNotificationBot]] ([[User talk:CommonsNotificationBot|talk]]) 01:46, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
|}

The article would be more precise of each instance of "protest" and protesters" was replaced by "occupy" and "occupiers." Maybe someone could do this automatically. The distinction is subtle, but important and political: unlike a protest, an occupation is a success per se, even if, for example, demands (if any) remain unmet. --Rirhat — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/24.67.209.104|24.67.209.104]] ([[User talk:24.67.209.104|talk]]) 03:53, 22 November 2011 (UTC) 

== potential resource ==

[[Talk:Occupy movement#potential resource A Sleeping Giant Awakens cover story]] [[Special:Contributions/99.190.83.205|99.190.83.205]] ([[User talk:99.190.83.205|talk]]) 05:22, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

== Misleading summary of source? ==

'':Police estimated that about 3,000 demonstrators were gathered at the port and 4,500 had marched across the city, however a member of the Occupy movement was quoted by the BBC as estimating as many as 30,000 may have taken part.[315]''

And this is from the linked BBC article:

:But a spokesman for the protest movement, who only gave his name as Aaron, told the BBC: "It is an order of magnitude larger than any protests we've seen and we've seen some big ones in the last week."
:
:"There are pockets here and there going on for what seems like miles. I have heard people say 20,000, 30,000... it's impossible to tell." — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/219.78.87.215|219.78.87.215]] ([[User talk:219.78.87.215|talk]]) 07:32, 22 November 2011 (UTC) 

== RE: Funding ==

The section called "Funding"

How can OWS have no central organization yet accept funds? How do we know that funds we send will get to activists and not scammers?
A lot of companies are trying to profit off of the movement.

[[Special:Contributions/173.133.187.239|173.133.187.239]] ([[User talk:173.133.187.239|talk]]) 07:55, 22 November 2011 (UTC)Moi

Talk:Occupy Wall Street

2011-11-22T12:10:05Z

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Dates are in MDY format, with the year being 2011 if unspecified.

== Criticism Section ==

Why even bother mentioning what Glenn Beck and Rush Limbaugh have to say in this article? I suggest getting rid of that, they have no relevance to this movement. --[[User:Caute AF|Caute AF]] ([[User talk:Caute AF|talk]]) 14:10, 8 November 2011 (UTC)
:It's to help build solidarity, so the page could grow some momentum. Now that we're past the critical "hump" of needed momentum, it's fine if you remove it. We initially put it there to make them look bad, but we don't have to let their comments litter our article. Kinda like the "recycled watering of plants" which was a good idea early on, but outlived its usefulness and relevance. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 14:27, 8 November 2011 (UTC)
::Yeah, I just reread it again. It's not even valid criticism, so I removed it. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 14:31, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

:::I will not argue the point, however I have felt all along that critics such as Limbaugh and Beck are as important to the article as the supporters are. Keep in mind that they have the support of millions of Americans. As for being outdated, isn't that what we basically do - document the past? [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 15:30, 8 November 2011 (UTC)
::::Well, it was cherry-picked and does not honestly reflect them. It's just like if you used [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSsFzue-V-I this abortion comment by Obama] which some right-wingers also cherry-picked to try and sum up Obama's view on abortion. It's flatly dishonest to aggrandize people who do not agree with us on OWS, and it undermines our integrity to this article if we overlook these subtle points and hold a double standard for certain points of view. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 16:29, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::That seems reasonable. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 16:40, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

It astounds me and you people ave the audacity to admit your blatantly deceitful tactics in this discussion page.So you added useless information that your admittedly cherry-picked just to make Beck and Limbaugh look bad? And now that it has served your purpose it is OK to delete it? The editors of this article should be ashamed of everything they have done. This has passed the point of ridiculousness. It is amazing how this extremely controversial movement that, according to gallop polling, has less than 20% support from the overall American population has next to no mention of any criticism at all. And the criticism it does have is half-baked, not real criticism about irrelevant things from irrelevant authorities just so you editors can say "look, we are NPOV". Then when anyone brings this forward you get all your friends to log on and give opposing "consensus" and the same 10 editors are the only ones giving consensus.I am appalled.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 18:10, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::: I undid this edit before reading the comment here. (When the edit was made, the editor should have written "see discussion page"). I agree and I put Beck and Limbaugh's criticism back in there. It is relevant since it is both of their initial comments made about the movement. They said little or nothing about the movement when it started and when they TOOK the opportunity to make a statement (the movement was growing and they couldn't ignore it, apparently) this is what they came up with. They do speak for millions and here's their opening [[sally (military)|sally]]. Gandydancer is right on both accounts. They represent millions and wikipedia does "document the past". [[User:Christian Roess|Christian Roess]] ([[User talk:Christian Roess|talk]]) 20:41, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::If we are going to have a criticism section, then Beck and Limbaugh should be in it. I don't think we need to put inflamatory quotes in, however.--[[User:Nowa|Nowa]] ([[User talk:Nowa|talk]]) 12:51, 11 November 2011 (UTC)

Are there any sources that discuss criticism towards the movement not from the far right or conservatives??? [[User:Morrison1630]] 15:37, 11 November 2011 (UTC)

:Don't these Occupiers claim to have no political leanings? So how is that relevant? If they were all from "fart-right sources" would that make them not notable or somehow inaccurate because they don't agree with your world-view?--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 01:04, 12 November 2011 (UTC)

::I see no reason to avoid the Limbaugh etc. quotes. They are criticisms from influential sources on the Right. Whatever we may think of the quotes, if well sourced they are notable criticisms. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 01:20, 12 November 2011 (UTC)
:::It makes Wikipedia look bad if the temporary agenda we had over-extends the original purpose, in our [[WP:CLUE|shaping the article into its future & current form]] Think of an architect building a tall structure--you put temporary scaffoldings until the article reaches the optimal pov. Then you remove the scaffoldings and now the article is "invisibily pov" through subtle tactics like the direction we took early on, to help set the tone of a very progressive-leaning article which is very facilitative to the OWS movement. I wouldn't be here on this article unless I knew it could make a difference to the readers who need an encyclopedic alternative to the propaganda machines known as cnn, fox, abc, nbc, cbs, new york times, etc... [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 14:48, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::What makes WP look bad is when agenda driven editors like yourself try to manipulate the process in order to present your own biased propaganda. What makes you different than the MSM that you seem to deride? Your personal bias is worse if nothing else, and you should be banned from editing this article. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 14:54, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::The process is [[WP:CONSENSUS]] and most of us are left-leaning. I've been a hugely positive help to the article, and review my differences if you like. I've made 41 of the last 500 edits (so about 8% of all edits to the OWS article) and I challenge you to find a single diff from the OWS article which I should be banned for. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 15:03, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::Well I'm sympathetic to the OWS movement but this is not the place to support it. Wikipedia's credibility suffers when editors push a POV, especially in terms as you outline above. It's ironic that Arzel is lecturing you about this, as he/she pushes from the opposite direction. -A98.. [[Special:Contributions/98.92.184.64|98.92.184.64]] ([[User talk:98.92.184.64|talk]]) 03:45, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

Null edit to prevent archival.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 02:04, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

How come the first part of the Criticism section, "A group of bloggers, led by political commentator Erick Erickson, organized a website criticizing the movement entitled 'We Are the 53%,' referring to the 53% of Americans who earn enough income to pay federal income taxes.[196] Although the conservatives of the '53%' have felt the effects of the recession as much as the liberals of the '99%,'" is allowed to imply that everyone that agrees with the 53% argument is a conservative and that everyone who agrees with the 99% Movement is a liberal? In the cited article, it never states or even alludes to this. Additionally, under the Public Opinion subsection of Reaction, it is stated that "National polls over October and November 2011 were mixed, with agreement/approval ratings for Occupy Wall Street varying from 59% to 22%, but approval was fairly consistently larger than disapproval, with large numbers often not giving an opinion." This seems heavily biased, as it only cites TWO surveys prior to this, only one of which is positive, and gives no criteria for what qualifies as "approval [is] fairly consistently larger than disapproval". Also,that first poll cited was taken within the first week of the Occupy Wall Street movement, before it had even spread globally. I find it hard to believe that one's opinion of a protest after two months would be the same after it for "THE PAST FEW DAYS", as quoted in the first survey by TIME. This seems further supported by the later mentioned and cited Gallup poll stating that 61% of Americans felt "they [didn't] know enough to decide" how they felt about the movement. Additionally, the last cited source in the Public Opinion subsection compares the popularity of Occupy Wall Street movement with the Tea Party movement for emphasis of popular support, even though they are completely unrelated. (For what it's worth, I'm a moderate with no particular backing of either association.) Has this article ever been checked for Non-NPOV or Weasel Words violations? — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/70.232.50.252|70.232.50.252]] ([[User talk:70.232.50.252|talk]]) 06:08, 20 November 2011 (UTC) 

:I'm glad you asked that, friend. The NPOV Warning tag has been placed and reverted on this article many times, because the article is POV but if it's your POV, you don't see it that way. If you can tell me specifically how you want the wording to be changed or if you think material should be moved or removed, please let me know and I'll see if I can help you out.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 13:55, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

== Request for comment ==

{{rfc|pol|rfcid=4BDF003}}
Should the fact that the American Nazi Party & the American Communist Party have endorsed the OWS be mentioned in the article? Here are some sources showing how widespread this has been reported. [http://townhall.com/tipsheet/katiepavlich/2011/10/17/nazi_party_supports_occupy_wall_street Town Hall][http://www.sunshinestatenews.com/blog/american-nazi-party-urges-members-join-occupy-protests Sunshine State News][http://www.drudge.com/news/149366/white-poweramerican-nazi-party-supports Drudge][http://www.occupyr.com/General/thread.php?id=151 This one is amuseing, Occupy Resistence][http://blogs.dailymail.com/donsurber/archives/44871 Charleston Daily Mail][http://thegazette.com/2011/10/24/occupy-wall-street-protesters-fail-to-deliver-coherent-message/ The Gazette][http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/post/occupy-wall-street-does-anyone-care-about-the-anti-semitism/2011/03/29/gIQA43p8rL_blog.html WAPO][http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/234995/20111020/occupy-wall-street-alan-king-says-martin-luther-king-would-not-support-99-percent-movement.htm IB Times][http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/special-report/2011/10/17/grapevine-dangerous-border-town-or-vacation-spot Fox News][http://finance.sfgate.com/hearst.sfgate/news/read/19794672/media_needs_to_rename_'occupy_wall_street'_'occupy_zuccotti_park'_until_protesters_move_to_the_'real_street SF Gate][http://www.thehoya.com/opinion/not-the-left-wing-s-party-1.2671951#.TqwS2_Qg9kY The Hoya][http://www.newsmax.com/InsideCover/wall-street-protests-antisemitism/2011/10/18/id/414817 Newsmax][http://www.fuse.tv/news/articles/?article=07cUdvJ5h43Uq Fuse TV][http://nation.foxnews.com/occupy-wall-street/2011/10/30/occupy-wall-streets-rap-sheet Fox again][http://www.lifenews.com/2011/11/02/planned-parenthood-teams-up-with-occupy-wall-st-movement/ Life News][http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/nov/1/my-challenge-to-occupy-wall-street/ Washington Times][http://mediamatters.org/blog/201110180001 Media Matters for America][http://michiganmessenger.com/53269/hundreds-peacefully-occupy-state-capitol-grounds-lansing-park Michigan Messenger][http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/the_hate_in_zuccotti_KyGNaMM6eLBirVJN24fEEP New York Post][http://www.delcotimes.com/articles/2011/10/21/opinion/doc4ea0e329ea692620824742.txt Delaware County Daily Times][http://www.bostonherald.com/news/opinion/op_ed/view.bg?articleid=1376082&srvc=rss Boston Herald][http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/gossip/2011/10/susan-sarandon-nazi-pope-benedict.html LA Times][http://www.myjournalcourier.com/articles/movement-35978-democratic-one.html Jacksonville Courier][http://www.hln.be/hln/nl/960/Buitenland/article/detail/1338580/2011/10/24/Amerikaanse-nazipartij-steunt-Occupy-Wall-Street.dhtml A Belgian paper][http://tehrantimes.com/index.php/opinion/3885-why-the-far-right-supports-the-occupy-movement Tehran times][http://www.israeltoday.co.il/tabid/178/nid/22978/language/en-US/Default.aspx Israel today Magazine][http://nation.foxnews.com/occupy-wall-street/2011/10/15/american-nazi-party-declares-its-full-support-occupy-wall-street-protests Fox Nation][http://www.theblaze.com/stories/american-nazi-party-endorses-occupy-wall-streets-courage-tells-members-to-support-protests-and-fight-judeo-capitalist-banksters/ The Blaze][http://dailycaller.com/2011/10/17/red-white-and-angry Daily Caller][http://www.irishcentral.com/story/news/from-the-right/would-there-be-room-for-jfk-in-todays-democrat-party-134151568.html Irish central][http://chronicle.augusta.com/opinion/letters/2011-11-18/occupy-movement-ruinous?v=1321656353 Augusta Chronicle][http://jacksonville.com/business/columnists/2011-11-15/story/media-treat-tea-party-and-occupy-groups-much-differently Florida Time Union]

Should the fact that antisemitism has also been widely reported be reflected in the article.[http://www.google.co.uk/search?rlz=1C1GGGE_enGB442&aq=f&gcx=w&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=Occupy+Wall+Street#hl=en&safe=off&rlz=1C1GGGE_enGB442&tbm=nws&sa=X&ei=o7y5TrbiFcvu8QPO1PzEBw&sqi=2&ved=0CCUQvwUoAQ&q=occupy+wall+street+anti+semitism&spell=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&fp=a0ab2c0de4713955&biw=1024&bih=499 513 hit on G news] [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 16:10, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

===Nazism discussion===
*'''No''', not until the Nazi Party supports OWS with money or man hours, and the fact is widely reported. A simple endorsement without concrete support is an empty endorsement. It is [[WP:Undue]] weight to list empty endorsements. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 00:27, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No,''' the sources above are widespread, but I wish you'd point out the best ones per [[WP:RS]]. Even those I looked up thinking they were the best like the Boston Herald turned out to be crap [http://www.bostonherald.com/news/opinion/op_ed/view.bg?articleid=1376082&srvc=rss]. Is there anything good in that list? [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 01:37, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:I had the same experience - I picked three I thought must be the "best" and they were total crap. Then I quit looking... [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 12:18, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' - The Nazi Party and Communist Party ''are'' fringe - but the ''coverage'' of their support is ''not''. This is widely spread, and there is no reason to keep it off. '''[[User:Toa Nidhiki05|''Toa'']] [[User talk:Toa Nidhiki05|''Nidhiki'']][[User:Toa Nidhiki05/Userboxes|''05'']]''' 02:47, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''': The ANP has done nothing else except issue a non-committal, meaningless and purely self-serving statement of "support". Support means a lot more than lip-service, especially when the lips are serving no one but themselves. Such statements are therefore not notable, and should not be mentioned at all. It serves no legitimate encyclopedic purpose. We don't mention Hitler in the article on vegetarianism, do we? Same rule applies here. [[User:Dominus Vobisdu|Dominus Vobisdu]] ([[User talk:Dominus Vobisdu|talk]]) 02:55, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No'''. This is little more than a smear campaign run by sections of the media. Wikipedia should have no part in it. [[User:AndyTheGrump|AndyTheGrump]] ([[User talk:AndyTheGrump|talk]]) 02:57, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:::BTW, I see that TLAM is still citing 'Media Matters' on this, in spite of the headline in the linked article: "The Latest Desperate Smear Of Occupy Wall Street Protests: The Nazis Like Them". Ridiculous... [[User:AndyTheGrump|AndyTheGrump]] ([[User talk:AndyTheGrump|talk]]) 03:00, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Not yet''' It may yet become evident that those in the movement share those views, but simply being supported by them would be a guilt by association. Also, I fail to see this as a "smear campaign" as ATG would say since the media has by and large not reported on any of the transgressions committed by OWS participants. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 03:07, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' - Seems like an obvious case of guilt by association. Hundreds of "groups/parties" have mentioned support for OWS. Why just mention these two? [[User:NickCT|NickCT]] ([[User talk:NickCT|talk]]) 04:18, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' - Mention these two because it is widely covered and they are fairly significant. It's also covered that the Black Panthers support the group so we should add that in there too as controversy because that's what it is. AndyGrump is nothing more than an apologetic propagandist come on here to do damage control for his OWS buddies.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.24.190|174.49.24.190]] ([[User talk:174.49.24.190|talk]]) 04:25, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''', because '''it's not true''', apparently. I think it's just a false meme. Looking at the sources, I'm skipping the one likes Drudge and the Tehran paper and a lot of the rest of them because they're obviously not reliable sources... looking for entities with some kind of reputation, I come to the Boston Herald. It's an opinion columnist, and he says that OWS is endorsed by a list of entities including the American Nazi Party and the ''government of the People's Republic of China''... this seems unlikely to be true, so I can't trust this source... next, the reputable LA Times... but its a gossip column (the "Ministry of Gossip")... it says "Meanwhile, the American Nazi Party on Sunday issued a statement of support for the Occupy Wall Street crowd" and they have a link. But the link is [http://www.americannaziparty.com/news/index.php here], which has says nothing of the sort, is not any kind of official statement, and doesn't mention Occupy Wall Street or come close... so this appears to be false. (There doesn't seem to be anything about Occupy Wall Street on the American Nazi Party website, that I could find.) Moving on, we have to drop a little in reliability, let's look at the Jacksonville Courier... it is not a news story but something called "Open Line", which may be an opinion column but is not signed and, inferring from its name, is just ''a place where readers can post stuff''... whatever it is, it appears to be a stream-of-consciousness post by a stoned or deranged person... it says ""The Wall Street Mob has gained some interesting supporters. Among them, The American Nazi Party..." with no support for that. I have zero confidence that the writer is reliable or even sober. How many more of these do I have to look at? And these are the best ones. My patience is exhausted with this subject and with the the editor initiating the RfC, who appears to be a troll. (FWIW, even if it was true it's trivial, of course.) [[User:Herostratus|Herostratus]] ([[User talk:Herostratus|talk]]) 04:35, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
::[http://www.americannaziparty.com/news/archives.php?report_date=2011-10-16] The ANP report was archived, so yes they have endorsed OWS. You appear to have missed a great many of the reliable sources which were posted, such as Fox, Politico, Washington post. Perhaps you ought look again at the sources presented? The point is this is widely reported on, millions of people will have read about it and then look here and see not a word, this damages wiki`s credibility. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 10:30, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:::OK, fine, but still. Who is the American Nazi Party and what is their organizational structure? Does that page constitute an actual endorsement by vote of any central committee, or is it basically some blogger who has discovered the wonders of the [[All caps|CAPS LOCK]] key? How many members do they have? What is there notability in the public discourse? If their name was "American Committee for Public Knowledge" instead of the inflammatory word "Nazi" how notable would this be? The fact is that I could convene a meeting of myself and my cats, call ourselves the Trotskyist Front, create a blog and endorse OWS, and if this was picked up by Drudge and Fox News and the Tehran papers, so what? This is maybe one step above "OWS was endorsed by Mrs. Pinckney Pruddle of 27 Hummingbird Lane, Sandusky, Ohio". It's not a notable event, at all. [[User:Herostratus|Herostratus]] ([[User talk:Herostratus|talk]]) 14:17, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
::::Your [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductio_ad_absurdum fallacious argument] of a meeting with your cats doesn't do a very good job at hiding the fact that you are clearly biased, nor does the equally fallacious comparison with a fictitious other statement. Whether or not *you* think a party is relevant is irrelevant. The fact that it was so widely reported makes it relevant, which is what people have been correctly arguing here.
*'''No''' per NickCT. Why not start a [[List of individuals and organizations that have endorsed Occupy Wall Street]]? — [[User:Malik Shabazz|Malik Shabazz]] [[User talk:Malik Shabazz|Talk]]/[[Special:Contributions/Malik Shabazz|Stalk]] 05:04, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' The first source provided is an editorial in [[Townhall.com]]. Townhall.com is, according to its Wikipedia article, "a web-based publication primarily dedicated to conservative United States politics". I suggest that The Last Angry Man gain familiarity with two important Wikipedia policies, [[WP:RS]] and [[WP:WEIGHT]]. Opinions expressed in fringe publications satisfy neither. Do you read this publication, or did you find it while Google-searching for a source that supports your POV? [[User:The Four Deuces|TFD]] ([[User talk:The Four Deuces|talk]]) 06:13, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
::Townhall has a full editorial staff and meets the criteria as [[W{:RS]] [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 22:57, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' because it's just guilt by association. Nothing could be more opposite from how these protests really are, than by linking them to Nazism. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 07:09, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' ANP is not relevant, their support is not relevant. Connecting them and their alleged support to the OWS is [[WP:SYN]] and even throwing the ANP, nevermind Nazism in the article is [[WP:UNDUE]].--'''[[User:Lvivske|Львівське]]''' ([[User talk:Lvivske|говорити]]) 08:27, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' Support is reported in WP:RS. WP is not censored. – [[user:Lionelt|Lionel]] ([[user talk:Lionelt|talk]]) 09:01, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''yes''' widely reported as fact. ''supports OWS with money or man hours'', that is a benefactor/volunteer, not endorsement. ''Boston Herald turned out to be crap'', http://mediamatters.org/blog/201110180001 Oct 18, Todd Gregory. ''non-committal, meaningless and purely self-serving statement'', none of which are requirements for notability. ''a smear campaign run by sections of the media.'' Few members of the ANP can actually read, no chance in hell they are members of the press. [[User:Darkstar1st|Darkstar1st]] ([[User talk:Darkstar1st|talk]]) 11:30, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' It's a poorly-sourced fringe issue attempting to link the movement to the Nazi party. I don't see this sort of accusation in the hundreds of articles that have been written on the protests in the mainstream media. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 12:31, 9 November 2011 (UTC) poorly sourced? ''The American Nazi Party chairman, said, "My heart is right there with these people. [[User:Darkstar1st|Darkstar1st]] ([[User talk:Darkstar1st|talk]]) 16:05, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Absolutely not. Not only are the groups [[WP:FRINGE|fringe]], but there are no [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] reporting any connection whatsoever. Beyond the reporting that this is a right-wing attempt to connect the groups to the group this article is about, there is no sourcing at all. Seeing as there is definite sourcing about the attempt to connect these groups to these protesters, perhaps we should look at the attempts to enter the information in the same manner. The editor/s who are making these attempts all seem to have the same [[WP:POV|goals]]. [[User:DD2K|Dave Dial]] ([[User talk:DD2K|talk]]) 19:51, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' We don't serve as the mouthpiece for the American Nazi Party. [[User:Hipocrite|Hipocrite]] ([[User talk:Hipocrite|talk]]) 21:41, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Obvious fringe problem but inclusion is also a [[wp:WEIGHT|weight]] problem: there is not any indication why this is a significant item that merits inclusion. The import of information should be obvious to our readers, but at the very least we should be able to explain its inclusion to our readers. Saying "Nazis support OWS" leads to the question, "So what?" and there is no good answer. The opinions of Nazis hold no value in any society. [[wp:GHITS]] and politically-motivated Op-Eds aren't persuasive. This is the same guilt by association nonsense that Americans saw in the 2008 election with [http://crooksandliars.com/jon-perr/al-qaeda-endorsement-highlights-mccains-h Hamas endorses Obama; Al Qaeda endorses McCain]. --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 23:13, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Lots of groups are trying to co-opt this movement, but it is a de-centralized, non-hierarchical movement. That gives it a low [[Drag coefficient]] that, miraculously, attracts many groups whose own agendas are floundering. For example, why is there widespread union support for OWS? The Union leadership announces their support. So that must mean everyone who belongs to such-and-such union needs to fall in line. Right? But then read the fine print. Because the bottom line is the "Union bosses" realized they were losing their own [[Rank and file]] to the movement (ie., their people were showing up at the occupy locations). Let's just say it was "expedient" for the unions to show support for the Occupy movements. But Unions are part of the OWS mix. They aren't dictating anything to OWS. OWS is not part of the Unions. Unions need OWS alot more than OWS needs them. (I would guess that the Nazi movement needs help with their own "rank and file", not to mention a HUGE credibility gap. Again, '''NO'''. If you need more examples of groups or individuals claiming support, I can name many more. How about [[Elizabeth Warren]] taking credit for providing the philosophical underpinnings and ballast for OWS? That's interesting Ms. Warren: if that's the case, then Warren is an anarchist in her roots, and is only (oh by-the-way) incidently running for public office. Could go on and on with examples of many groups and factions wanting a slice of the "OCCU" - pie. [[User:Christian Roess|Christian Roess]] ([[User talk:Christian Roess|talk]]) 23:47, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Based on what I've read, there doesn't seem to be any actual tangible connection between the ANP and the OWS movement (not even a diminutive one). [[User:AzureCitizen|AzureCitizen]] ([[User talk:AzureCitizen|talk]]) 02:25, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' unless we specifically mention all other groups as well that have voiced support. The list mentioned above, if it's started, could be a place for this information. --[[User:Dailycare|Dailycare]] ([[User talk:Dailycare|talk]]) 20:05, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' (My unelaborated !vote) [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 23:23, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' There's a discussion of the response to OWS from several other political bodies (the White House, Congress, 2012 political candidates) as well as the reaction from the public, celebrities, unions, Venezuela, etc. Of course a list of people and groups who support OWS is pointless and uninformative, but if and only if 1.credible sources are used and 2.those sources talk about the response more specifically than saying "the American Nazi Party supports the OWS movement" then just because you don't like the group doesn't mean their reaction is less deserving of mention than that of the Vatican. At a glance it doesn't look like many of the sources above are non-pov but that isn't fatal (to including the ANP's response, not to using the sources!). Re: the fringe problem, I have to agree with Toa Nidhiki05 that while the groups themselves are Fringe their response may well be poignant. And, frankly, if the only unifying feature of participants is membership in the 99% then why should the ANP be excluded? --[[Special:Contributions/68.149.110.63|68.149.110.63]] ([[User talk:68.149.110.63|talk]]) 09:46, 15 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Does not seem to be notable enough. [[User:Darkness Shines|Darkness Shines]] ([[User talk:Darkness Shines|talk]]) 01:25, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' There is no reason not to mention position of ANP. But, of course, this mention should not be ambiguity or impression that the Nazis supported this movement through their actions or money. --[[User:Luch4|Luch4]] ([[User talk:Luch4|talk]]) 12:09, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

===Anti-semitism discussion===
*'''Yes''' - Widely covered, notable. Anti-sementism is an element of the views of many OWS campers, and as they have no real leadership or manifesto, it warrants coverage. '''[[User:Toa Nidhiki05|''Toa'']] [[User talk:Toa Nidhiki05|''Nidhiki'']][[User:Toa Nidhiki05/Userboxes|''05'']]''' 02:49, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*No - again, it seems to be a smear campaign. [[User:AndyTheGrump|AndyTheGrump]] ([[User talk:AndyTheGrump|talk]]) 02:58, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''':There is no evidence that anti-semitism is shared by a significant proportion of OWS participants outside of a tiny minority. The fact that the movement has a few kooks in it is not surprising, nor is it notable enough to warrant mention here. [[User:Dominus Vobisdu|Dominus Vobisdu]] ([[User talk:Dominus Vobisdu|talk]]) 03:00, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' - Widely noted with many examples. No sense in hiding it under the rug. There is no requirement that it be shown to reach some magic number of people to be incorporated. Such faulty logic would dictate that nothing bad ever be reported because one could simply say that none those that do bad things don't represent the movement. If it was one or two incidents then probably not. It is clearly far more than that. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 03:04, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' - ...with requisites. The article on the Tea Party solved the issue of reporting on alleged racism by not trying to account for how widespread racism was, or by simply stating the Tea Party movement was racist. Rather, it focused on the discourse of some accusing it of racism while others defended it, and it focuses on a few major events. Similarly, this article need not state that the Occupy protest movement has an antisemitism problem, but rather has been accused of it, and it could include references to supposed events and counter arguments. This should likely fall not under goals, or philosophy, but rather as a sub-section on reception. --[[User:Cast|Cast]] ([[User talk:Cast|talk]]) 03:29, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' - I scanned the list of articles that came up in the nominators link. The two serious sources that appear (i.e. the [http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/22/nyregion/occupy-wall-street-criticized-for-flashes-of-anti-semitism.html New York Times] & [http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/where-are-the-anti-semites-of-occupy-wall-street/2011/10/24/gIQAP89eDM_story.html Washington Post Article]) refute the anti-semitic charge or point out that it's marginal. If we do want to add a sentence about anti-semitism it would have to be so heavily qualified that it probably wouldn't be worth mentioning. [[User:NickCT|NickCT]] ([[User talk:NickCT|talk]]) 04:24, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''', per NickCT. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 04:32, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*''''No'''. The nominator's link produces nothing of value. Doing my own search, I find (in reliable sources as opposed to polemic blogs etc.) only the same stuff that NickCT finds, to the effect of "some bloggers have claimed anti-semitism, but it appears to not be true". Not notable. [[User:Herostratus|Herostratus]] ([[User talk:Herostratus|talk]]) 04:59, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' per NickCT. I would just point out that the ''Washington Post'' link is an op-ed column, not a news article. — [[User:Malik Shabazz|Malik Shabazz]] [[User talk:Malik Shabazz|Talk]]/[[Special:Contributions/Malik Shabazz|Stalk]] 05:07, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*:re the op-ed column - Duly noted. Apologies for not stating it as such. [[User:NickCT|NickCT]] ([[User talk:NickCT|talk]]) 12:50, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' The first source provided is an editorial in [[Townhall.com]]. Townhall.com is, according to its Wikipedia article, "a web-based publication primarily dedicated to conservative United States politics". I suggest that The Last Angry Man gain familiarity with two important Wikipedia policies, [[WP:RS]] and [[WP:WEIGHT]]. Opinions expressed in fringe publications satisfy neither. Do you read this publication, or did you find it while Google-searching for a source that supports your POV? [[User:The Four Deuces|TFD]] ([[User talk:The Four Deuces|talk]]) 06:14, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' But I think maybe 1 sentence, with a response as user Cast has proposed, but not a whole entire section, which I'm against. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 07:07, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''yes''', if the tea party can have a "racial issues" section, so can ows. [[User:Darkstar1st|Darkstar1st]] ([[User talk:Darkstar1st|talk]]) 07:53, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*:There's no way an entire section will ever get consensus over here, like over at the tea party article, so 1-2 sentences, take it or leave it. If you're trying to divert attention away from the issue by comparing it to the tea party, you'll be hard pressed to convince anyone. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 08:24, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*::See [[WP:CONSENSUS]] to brush up on what it says, because that's what is common (and applied) to both articles. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 08:27, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' - seems [[WP:UNDUE]] to me to use individual comments and turn it into a standalone section. Unless this becomes a relevant part or chunk of the protests, then no. Unless it gains traction in the media in some form, then no. Until then, all of this can be summarized into a single sentence - a section is too much weight.--'''[[User:Lvivske|Львівське]]''' ([[User talk:Lvivske|говорити]]) 08:28, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' The incidents are being reported in WP:RS. Ironically racism by Tea Party members is only alleged. OWS members actually went on anti-semitic rants '''''on TV!''''' I saw it! – [[user:Lionelt|Lionel]] ([[user talk:Lionelt|talk]]) 09:01, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*:There are plenty of references for Tea party members shouting racial epithets (see [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/20/tea-party-protests-nier-f_n_507116.html] for example). The question isn't whether one or two guys within a much larger movement are racist/anti-semetic. The question is whether racism/antisemitism is a pervasive theme within a movement, or whether it represents a viewpoint pushed by a significant portion of a movement's members. [[User:NickCT|NickCT]] ([[User talk:NickCT|talk]]) 12:58, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*::The question is not if ows is racist, rather the several reports of the ANP endorsement the movement is notable. [[User:Darkstar1st|Darkstar1st]] ([[User talk:Darkstar1st|talk]]) 16:09, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*:::What's the difference? It's still guilt by association, and will attract edit warring & make the article unstable. Can't anyone else see that? [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 16:27, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*::::Typical wikipedia mob rule, published racism undue here, not undue at tea party. [[User:Darkstar1st|Darkstar1st]] ([[User talk:Darkstar1st|talk]]) 16:36, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*:::::If you're not in the majority, then just wait your turn. You're trying to change an OWS article during the height of OWS popularity. If you bring up a proposal (an entire section!!!) on antisemitism knowing it will fail, is just [[WP:POINTY|disrupting Wikipedia to prove a point]] which everyone knows nothing good will come from it. It just creates division between editors when the article still has plenty of peaceful improvements we could instead discuss otherwise. If you know an entire section will never gain consensus, then propose something more popular so that the "mob" will agree with it. When you're on the side of the minority, the burden is on you to work with the majority (unless you're like Dualus who bypasses consensus) because without consensus, even the most noble & well-intentioned edits will never stand, and you know that. The tea party is [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/20/tea-party-protests-nier-f_n_507116.html de facto racist] whereas only 2 reliable sources have barely said anything usable about OWS being antisemitic (because as user NickCT said) the statement would have to be so heavily qualified, that it wouldn't be worth mentioning. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 17:54, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*:::re ''"rather the several reports of the ANP endorsement the movement is notable"'' - I think you should be posting your comments in the section above, but as I said above, OWS has reportedly gained the support of [http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2011/11/09/occupy-wall-street-reporters-notebook-reveals-ties-between-percent-movement-and/ the latino community],[http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1111/67793.html former leaders of ACORN],[http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/ad-lib/2011/nov/9/occupy-america-labor-and-pro-choice-win-big/ labor unions],[http://rapfix.mtv.com/2011/11/09/jay-z-wears-occupy-wall-street-shirt-watch-the-throne-tour/ Kayne West],[http://blog.sfgate.com/nov05election/2011/11/09/one-bay-area-mayor-welcomes-occupy-protests-to-her-city/ the mayor of Richmond, California], [http://rapfix.mtv.com/2011/11/09/jay-z-wears-occupy-wall-street-shirt-watch-the-throne-tour/ Jay-Z], [http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/veterinarians-lend-a-hand-zuccotti-park-checking-pets-occupy-wall-street-protesters-article-1.972722 vetrinarians], [http://toronto.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20111108/occupy-wall-st-nanos-poll-111108/20111108/?hub=TorontoNewHome Canadians], etc etc. Should I go on? Get the point? You want to mention all of these groups? If not, why are you so focused on the ANP? [[User:NickCT|NickCT]] ([[User talk:NickCT|talk]]) 02:13, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
*::::Jayz, vets and acorn, you left out Communist Party USA, The American Nazi Party, Revolutionary Communist Party, Black Panthers, Nation of Islam’s Louis Farrakhan, CAIR, Iran’s Supreme Leader, the Ayatollah Khamenei, Hugo Chavez, Revolutionary Guards of Iran, The Govt of North Korea, Communist Party of China, Hezbollah, a regular who's who of obscurity. [[User:Darkstar1st|Darkstar1st]] ([[User talk:Darkstar1st|talk]]) 09:07, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
*:::::Ok.... But you're missing the point. You said we should mention ANP b/c their support has been noted in RSs. I pointed out that an endless slew of folk's support has been noted in RS, and that it's not piratical to mention them all. Again, why are you so focused on highlighting support from particular groups? [[User:NickCT|NickCT]] ([[User talk:NickCT|talk]]) 16:53, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Absolutely not. There are no [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] reporting any connection of this accusation whatsoever. Beyond the reporting of anonymous people who have shown up at some protests, there is no sourcing at all. [[User:DD2K|Dave Dial]] ([[User talk:DD2K|talk]]) 19:51, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:There are plenty of sources which mention it, your saying there is not is pointless. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 22:53, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''' Again, Wikipedia is not the mouthpiece for the far-right Wurlitzer. [[User:Hipocrite|Hipocrite]] ([[User talk:Hipocrite|talk]]) 21:42, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
::Nor is it a mouthpiece for the leftwing nutjobs of the OWS, wiki reports on what reliable sources have written. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 22:53, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''NO''' - This is more desperation from the Far Right. It's a story generated just like the recent ACORN connection given by an anonymous source to Fox News in the last few days. [[User:Christian Roess|Christian Roess]] ([[User talk:Christian Roess|talk]]) 23:59, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Yes''' Seems to have generated a great deal of controversy and has been covered in a great many reliable sources. [[User:Darkness Shines|Darkness Shines]] ([[User talk:Darkness Shines|talk]]) 01:27, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''No''', per NickCT and Dave Dial. --[[User:Dailycare|Dailycare]] ([[User talk:Dailycare|talk]]) 20:02, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
====Note to admin who closes====
Please take into account the lack of actual policy based reasons for excluding this content. Several editors have said there are no reliable sources regarding the antisemitic remarks being made. This is patently false, it was deemed a serious enough matter by the Anti Defamation League[http://www.adl.org/PresRele/ASUS_12/6138_12.htm] to release a statement on the matter. Some say no as they believe it is a smear campaign, this is not a policy that i am aware of, nor have any sources made this claim that I know of. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 12:35, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
:Regarding the antisemitism discussion? Or the Nazism discussion? (or both?) [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 12:49, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
::The antisemitism discussion, I will create a subsection for the ANP discussion as basically the same arguments have been put forth there as here. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 13:02, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
I would like to bring to your attention: [[Adbusters]] "Accusations of antisemitism". I think this makes any antisemitism remarks at OWS extremely relevant. Especially in light of the opening paragraph of the Origins section: "In mid-2011, the Canadian-based Adbusters Foundation, best known for its advertisement-free anti-consumerist magazine Adbusters..." [[Special:Contributions/74.101.47.220|74.101.47.220]] ([[User talk:74.101.47.220|talk]]) 02:56, 13 November 2011 (UTC)

===Not all or nothing: presenting a 3rd option===

So do the yes's and no's agree to compromise and '''''just have a single, well-written sentence''''', as myself and others have said can be summarized? If so, then let us work on that sentence here, so we have something to look at from those who voted "yes" and we'll see their proposal below. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 08:34, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

:At one time we did have a short discussion with a good ref, but it's long gone. This situation is similar to the incident when a "protester" took a dump on a police car...or so it was said. I believe that we need to remember that there are thousands of homeless in NYC, and most of them live in the very same area that the protest is being held. Not to paint all the homeless with the same brush, but many of them are addicts and/or have serious mental problems. These people have been doing such things in NYC long before the movement established their occupation of the park, but it did not make national news. Same thing for racists - there's nothing new about blaming the Jews for our financial problems - and I can imagine that the protest would draw this sort of racist to the occupy site like bees to honey. Rather than report that the protesters are Nazi, Jew-hating, Commie, dirty hippies, etc., I believe that the information could be covered in an unbiased manner. If we had a reference... [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 12:55, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

::Agreed 100%, and the onus is on people who want to include it. Quick question though--are you saying the "good ref" is long gone? Or the discussion is still in archives or had been deleted? I think a single sentence, in context (with how rare that antisemitism is) can be added, as long as it is put into the proper perspective. There's no way an entire section on antisemitism will ever see the light of day here, and I think the nazism has even less of a chance than antisemitism. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 13:18, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

:::I'll see if I can find it. For all I know my memory could be wrong. I know we both agree that the task of any editing at all in this article was such a hellish experience till Dualus was banned that it was hard to keep up with what the hell was going on. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 14:54, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

::::I don't know if these are the refs from the inclusion I remember, but these two turned up from the past article. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/where-are-the-anti-semites-of-occupy-wall-street/2011/10/24/gIQAP89eDM_story.html] and [http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/22/nyregion/occupy-wall-street-criticized-for-flashes-of-anti-semitism.html?_r=1]. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 15:05, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

:Here is a reliable source, [[Media Matters]], that explains the issue, "[http://mediamatters.org/blog/201110180001 The Latest Desperate Smear Of Occupy Wall Street Protests: The Nazis Like Them]]". We could use that story for the article. [[User:The Four Deuces|TFD]] ([[User talk:The Four Deuces|talk]]) 16:13, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

::Good finds, Gandy, I'll check it out it. Thanks for link thefourdeuce but not quite controversial enough! ''';-)''' [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 16:24, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
::Media Matters is not a reliable source. It is like asking the arsonist who started the fire. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 16:42, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Not sure I would go that far, lol. They're a private non-profit, so they can allow their editors/bloggers more unrestricted and "no strings" journalism & blogs. It's a good site, has lots of recaps & summaries of what the other sides are saying. Each video is like a miniature documentary--highly recommended and very informative for any Wikipedia editor who works on poli-sci articles. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 17:41, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

:::MMfA has come up many times at RSN and is rs. You are confusing the neutrality of a source with its reliability. Certainly it is true that right-wing blogs are playing up the Nazi Party story. [[User:The Four Deuces|TFD]] ([[User talk:The Four Deuces|talk]]) 18:27, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

Here are multiple reliable sources for the Communist Party Support:
http://www.cpusa.org/communist-party-heralds-occupy-wall-street-movement/
http://dailycaller.com/2011/10/17/red-white-and-angry%E2%80%A8-communist-nazi-parties-endorse-occupy-protests/

Sources for Nazi Party support:
http://mediamatters.org/blog/201110180001
http://www.americannaziparty.com/news/archives.php?report_date=2011-10-16
http://whitehonor.com/white-power/the-occupy-wall-street-movement/
http://www.sunshinestatenews.com/blog/american-nazi-party-urges-members-join-occupy-protests

I also have reliable sources for many more so called "fringe" groups like the [[Black Panther]]s, CAIR, and the Socialist Party USA who express support for the OWS movement.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 17:45, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:If you have them, let's see them. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 17:56, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

:These groups may all support OWS, however with a U.S. population of 312,577,000 and most of these groups having less than a couple of thousand members, how can it be justified to add whatever they may believe to the article? I don't think the Black Panthers have any - aren't they defunct? How many are in the American Nazi Party - I'll bet it's not many. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 18:56, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
:American Communist Party - 2,000 [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 18:59, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

If you want the sources, [[User:완젬스|완젬스]], then here they are.

Socialist Party USA: http://www.socialistparty-usa.org/occupywallstreet.html; http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2011/10/21/18694303.php; http://dailycaller.com/2011/10/17/thedc-morning-commies-and-nazis-sure-do-like-occupy-wall-street/

CAIR: http://www.washingtonpost.com/the-council-on-ameri/2011/10/21/gIQAgawr4L_photo.html; http://us1.campaign-archive2.com/?u=298c6f637e745b40f9bc04560&id=00ff1bf3e7

Hezbollah: http://almoqawama.org/?a=content.id&id=25969; http://almoqawama.org/?a=content.id&id=25867

Black Panthers: http://www.occupyoakland.org/ai1ec_event/black-panthers-david-hilliard-melvin-dixon-and-eseibio-halliday/; http://www.insidebayarea.com/top-stories/ci_19150533

I am not going to make a giant list of all of them because their are too many. But I have sources for many more.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 19:38, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
*'''Not necessary''' -- There are little to no reliable sources that even mention these groups, and the ones that do are either biased and not reliable sources for this article, or mention the attempted connection by right-wing blogs. etc.. If, in the future, these attempts do not subside, the only addition should be about the smear attempts. [[User:DD2K|Dave Dial]] ([[User talk:DD2K|talk]]) 14:51, November 9, 2011 (UTC)

I disagree,anonymous, ever single one of those sources are reliable and none of them are "right-wing". And if we are going to nullify sources because they are bias, then Huffington post, New York Times,and all these other extremely liberal media outlets should be nullified as well. And don't these Occupiers claim to be "grassroots" and have "no political leaning" (even though their funders and leaders and speakers are all democrats)? Since they claim that, isn't it irrelevant what political leanings sources have? Your argument is invalid and the fact that these groups support OWS is absolutely notable. This is no smear attempt, I was asked to give sources for these groups by another editor, and it is undeniable fact that they do support the OWS movement. Also, according to Gallop Polling, the OWS is a Fringe group, so there is no need to smear it, it is already smeared.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 20:07, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

* A single well-written sentence that makes it clear that both of these are being pushed by the far-right American press would be acceptable. [[User:Hipocrite|Hipocrite]] ([[User talk:Hipocrite|talk]]) 21:43, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
* What's in the article right now seems to at least have equally contradicting opinion. Can we live with it and the very short mention in lead or do we need changes?--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 20:32, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
::What you have added is perfect, the mention of the antisemitic remarks with the rebuttal is NPOV and balanced the way an article ought to be written. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 21:20, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Agreed 100%, and I have to say as the most vocal critic of including ANY momentum-halting criticism of OWS, I must proudly say that '''''Amadscientist''''' (an editor I admire for '''''being a great Wikipedian''''') has written the content in such a way as to make both sides happy. Somebody give this man a barn star! (I've given him one already too recently) [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 00:01, 11 November 2011 (UTC)

Null edit to prevent archiving [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 20:16, 13 November 2011 (UTC)

== Lede ==

The lede currently doe not summarize the article, there is no mention of the rapes, attempted rapes, sexual assaults, drug dealing, weapons, defecating in public areas (such as on a police car). Nor is there mention of the people who have endorsed the protests. All these need to be mentioned in the lede. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 12:49, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
:Are you saying it doesn't mention the individual subjects or a critical opposing view represented?--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 14:14, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
I have added more.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 15:00, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
::I am saying that the lede is meant to be an overview on the article in brief, as such anything in the article should also be mentioned in the lede, as in the specific items I mentioned in my previous post. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 16:25, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
:::I understand you feel there should be more weight to these issues but they don't have that weight in the article. They are brought up in the lead however.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 16:34, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
::::It doe not matter how I "feel", it is policy. The lede must reflect what is in the article, currently none of the criminal activity is mentioned at all. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 18:30, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::Guidelines are not absolutes in regards to lead content. Please link the guideline that you refer to for this.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 19:18, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::Or better yet...what's the main stuff you object to not going in besides full lists.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 20:05, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::That was all in the body of the article already and i moved it all into a controversy section and added a line in the lead.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 20:50, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::::Do you honestly believe that writing "there has been some complaints" actually covers rape, attempted rape, sexual assaults, drug dealing, defecating in public, drug dealing and other random acts of violence? Please stop whitewashing this article. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 21:16, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::::Whenever I hear the word "whitewash" used in reference to a WP article, alarm bells go off in my head. Are you really making the claim that these events have been high-profile enough that they need to be not just mentioned, but actually ''enumerated'', in the lead? Assuming you are, I'll object that listing specific criminal allegations and police reports in the lead would be undue weight to incidents that have received comparatively little attention from the press. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 23:21, 10 November 2011 (UTC)

Comparatively little attention? How about [http://thepatriotperspective.wordpress.com/2011/11/06/occupy-wall-street-sex-assault-round-up/ this], [http://news.yahoo.com/kitchen-volunteers-sex-assault-arrest-shocks-zuccotti-park-215348689.html this], [http://biggovernment.com/abreitbart/2011/11/01/rape-gropes-and-assaults-oh-my-mayor-bloomberg-shut-down-zuccotti-park/ this] or [http://abcnews.go.com/US/sexual-assaults-occupy-wall-street-camps/story?id=14873014#.Trxt28Mr27s this]? The crimes are very well covered and have received attention in major news outlets. These allegations wouldn't be undue in the lede.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 00:40, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::::::Are you sure of that? [http://www.google.co.uk/search?aq=f&hl=en&gl=uk&tbm=nws&btnmeta_news_search=1&q=%22occupy+wall+street%22+rape 514 hits on G News] 45 mill odd on google [http://www.google.co.uk/search?rlz=1C1GGGE_enGB442&aq=f&gcx=w&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=%22occupy+wallstreet%22+rape#sclient=psy-ab&hl=en&safe=off&rlz=1C1GGGE_enGB442&source=hp&q=%22occupy+wall+street%22+%2B+rape&pbx=1&oq=%22occupy+wall+street%22+%2B+rape&aq=f&aqi=g1&aql=&gs_sm=s&gs_upl=957l957l1l7614l1l1l0l0l0l0l268l268l2-1l1l0&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&fp=38016e1b6a6bc7ca&biw=1024&bih=499] Seems widely reported to me. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 00:42, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
{{od}} Yes, ''comparatively little attention''. Meaning, relative to pretty much every other aspect of the protests, it has received little attention. By definition, we can't give full-detail coverage in the lead of everything that's significant and discussed in RS's and mentioned in the article. Putting these details in the lead would basically be cherry-picking and highlighting one of the most negative aspect of the protests ''just because'' it is negative. This would be undue weight. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 16:51, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
:Not really, for NPOV you have to have some of the bad stuff in the lede as well as all that sugar. Also you seem to forget the majority of reports are the same old same old, the press is more or less repeating itself. But for neutrality you need to have some controversies in the lede. [[User:The Last Angry Man|The Last Angry Man]] ([[User talk:The Last Angry Man|talk]]) 17:06, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
::Straw man, or just a bad argument. Mentioning controversy in the lead doesn't mean we have to list out every kind of allegation there's been. Again, undue weight to something that has received comparatively little attention from the press. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify 
(f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 20:20, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Some mention of the controversy specifically naming the most egregious incidents is required by WP:LEDE. Last Angry Man should have also noted the public nudity, public sexual intercouse and robberies at the protest. There are ample reports in RS. Ignore them all you want--but the fact is '''''they happened.'''''– [[user:Lionelt|Lionel]] ([[user talk:Lionelt|talk]]) 00:18, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Agree with Centrify. There is no WEIGHT argument for having these minor facets in the lead unless the lead were greatly expanded, which is not necessary. You can have various levels of summary in the lead: you can just hit the high points, preferable with a large article, or you can have a small mention of every point. This is a large article. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 01:10, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

* Sounds like some anti-Occupy editors want to paint the movement with overreaching judgements of its worst/fringe elements. While you're at it, why don't you add those juicy tidbits to the leads of other articles about [[New York City]], [[Manhattan]], and [[public parks]]. Oh, and then fix the lead of the [[Tea Party]] protests to reflect its own '''[[Jared Lee Loughner|worst]]''' elements, please. -A98 [[Special:Contributions/98.92.186.80|98.92.186.80]] ([[User talk:98.92.186.80|talk]]) 00:26, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::What worst elements of the tea party? The link you gave linked to a random article about a murderer, there was nothing about the Tea Party in the entire article. There are no fringe elements about the Tea Party, just Nancy Pelosi calling them nazis. And this isn't just worst/fringe elements this is significant support from very questionable groups and it has been widely publicized and just because becritical things it isn't necessary to expand on these points, it doesn't mean they shouldn't be expanded.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 01:59, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

== November 15 raid ==

Right afer Midnight on Nov 15, police raided the camp and evicted the protesters. However, can someone edit that they are now back and are angrier?--[[User:Fknp0nd|Fknp0nd]] ([[User talk:Fknp0nd|talk]]) 15:58, 15 November 2011 (UTC)

:At 1am on Tuesday Nov 15, the NYPD raided Zuccotti Park to clear out the protesters. Over 200 protesters were arrested. See reference: http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/nypd_raiders_roust_rabble_Dp5jSkaFLwGXYElqsxsWjO — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:WriteMe12345|WriteMe12345]] ([[User talk:WriteMe12345|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/WriteMe12345|contribs]]) 16:23, 15 November 2011 (UTC) 

::(indented above entry). In response to the first entry, their anger doesn't seem to have translated into a reoccupation of the space. With two months for the local governments to consider a response and a thetic assertion of a lack of organization, program, I think the outcome for this article is as I outline in the prior thread, with which this thread is redundant. [[Special:Contributions/72.228.177.92|72.228.177.92]] ([[User talk:72.228.177.92|talk]]) 19:48, 15 November 2011 (UTC)

*Only if reliable sources state that it's over should that language be used in the article. [[User:Somedifferentstuff|Somedifferentstuff]] ([[User talk:Somedifferentstuff|talk]]) 20:53, 15 November 2011 (UTC)
::It's nowhere near over. They are calling in bombthreats to the subway systems and/or the NYSE building on [http://2439-occupywallst-com.voxcdn.com/media/img/03QUh.jpg Nov 17th] (source, facebook page wall post) so let's all be patient for more to come or this to play out. Doesn't anyone know or belong to "affinity groups" for [[direct action]]? There's a whole lotta people on this discussion page who are trying to declare it's over, which it won't be until election night on Nov 2012. I tried to delete the last post which was another attempt to silence the disbelievers that this thing is over. Unless the New York Times says it's over, then it isn't over. The smaller you look into the "core of the core of the core" of the leaderless movement, you'll find some people are unwilling to see the occupy movement fail. So many people have nothing left to live for if this movement doesn't succeed. Who wants to hold a degree in psychology or liberal arts, be 30 years old, with Obama having failed us to bring about "hope and change" well this is the movement Obama supports, and it's from his own core supporters. It's up to us to bring about the "change" and all you gotta do is ''like'' their facebook page and you can read the wall posts for hours. Next time, don't call the OWS movement over, unless you have a [[WP:Reliable Source]]. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 05:33, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
*Are the above two posts meant to be in the previous thread "60 day wonder" instead? Just wondering... -98 [[Special:Contributions/98.92.186.80|98.92.186.80]] ([[User talk:98.92.186.80|talk]]) 23:54, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Uhhh. Bomb threats? Please explain. The poster you linked promises "non-violent" action. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 15:49, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
::::Isn't calling in a false bomb threat non-violent? (to shut down the nyse building and/or subways?) I'm not stupid enough to commit a felony, but only a real bomb would be violent, right? It's the same as pulling a fire alarm in the absence of a real fire, it would just clear the building. Aren't both of these examples non-violent methods of [[direct action]]? [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 22:21, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::Hmm. This may be splitting hairs. Like yelling FIRE in a crowded theatre, when there is no fire. I'd say it counts as violent because it is a threat of violence. Empty threats are still threats. By the way, I think we'd need a better source than a Facebook wall post (!). -98.. [[Special:Contributions/98.92.186.80|98.92.186.80]] ([[User talk:98.92.186.80|talk]]) 23:50, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::: http://www.cityofeastlansing.com/Home/Departments/Fire/FalseAlarms/ — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/173.2.81.177|173.2.81.177]] ([[User talk:173.2.81.177|talk]]) 00:26, 17 November 2011 (UTC) 

{{od}} Nah. A bomb scare is potentially dangerous regardless of whether it's a sincere threat to actually blow up a building. If you have any communication with these people, suggest to them that it's a very bad idea. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 01:14, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:That's what I told them (although I thought it was a felony, but this link says it's only a misdemeanor) because if they're going to do it, why are they so dumb to post it on facebook? There will be extra security tomorrow all over New York either way, and they said they're up against the ropes and don't want to go to jail for this. I feel sorry for them because the Nov 15th raid indirectly made everyone scramble, when it was supposed to be a day full of planning for [[direct action]] events planned at the 3 times cited on the poster. I feel bad that the best they can come up with is bomb threats to clear out the NYSE building--I recommended they just do stink bombs instead, like they do on [[Whale Wars]] for direct action, which nobody will go to jail for. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 01:43, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

===This is materializing apparently===
Wow, these guys were serious: http://online.wsj.com/article/APcaba350d658e4999a08e20f209387e40.html where it says ''"NEW YORK — Police say a 29-year-old Occupy Wall Street demonstrator has been arrested on a charge of making a terrorist threat after he was caught on video threatening to attack Macy's with a Molotov cocktail."'' I wonder if he got the idea off of the group's facebook wall? Any thoughts? (by the way, this article was posted 1 hour ago) The stuff came from AP--associated press. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 01:51, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:I'm trying to warn these guys on facebook to do stink bombs, rather than bomb threats. They're all so paranoid I doubt they will listen to random guys giving advice from Wikipedia. Is there any chance that OWS protesters might get charged with terrorism tomorrow? [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 01:52, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::Rape, robbery, illegal drug use, and violation of public sanitation codes seems be more the speed of OWS protesters than terrorism. I don't think the movement could be taken that seriously. [[User:Kelly|Kelly]] ([[User talk:Kelly|talk]]) 02:21, 17 November 2011 (UTC)\
::::Don't judge the movement by its worst/fringe elements. I know you don't do the same for Tea Party, Sarah Palin, et al. Also please see [[WP:NOT#FORUM]] and limit your posts to discussion of improving the article. Your personal views are not constructive. -A98.. [[Special:Contributions/98.92.186.80|98.92.186.80]] ([[User talk:98.92.186.80|talk]]) 03:18, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::You can't let the minority of protesters give us a bad name, otherwise it kills the good efforts done by the majority of ows protesters. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 02:41, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::Don't blame Kelly, blame the big media corporations. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 03:29, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::If a single OWS protester starts making bomb threats to advance the cause, it won't be the media's fault when public opinion of OWS splashes into the toilet . . . [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 12:13, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::Agreed, the OWS people on facebook are possibly under the influence of drugs/alcohol. They all partied all night long to prepare for today. I told them making a bomb threat is considered an act of terrorism on the facebook wall. Sighs, can't stop them now. Here we go, watch these fringe-OWS idiots go to jail now. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 13:57, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::::They're pretty well behaved at least here or we'd be getting emails from them (which I actually wouldn't have minded, but whatever). And this page has not been flooded with people trying to influence, as are many other controversial pages. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 03:01, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:@-A98, funny how you call out the [[WP:NOT#FORUM]] policy for Kelly but but not when [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] is giving a disruptive play-by-play of his facebook exploits on the discussion page. @[[User:완젬스|완젬스]] "blame the big media corporations"? First of all, refer to [[WP:NOT#FORUM]]. This is not a forum for propaganda or debate, if you have suggestions please make them. Secondly, all the big media corporations like CNN, Huffington Post, New York Times, etc. have all praised the movement as some revolutionary success, so even if what you said was appropriate, it is just wrong. And quit using this discussion page as an outlet to defame the Tea Party, I have had about enough of it. How many arrests were there during Tea Parties? How many complaints of trash or noise? How many sexual assaults or rapes? How many cases of violence or defecation? Before you google it, let me give you the answer, 0. Absolutely none.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 14:08, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::When an editor's judgement is obviously compromised, as you just illustrated, then I can certainly call them out on it. You are making the very same mistakes that critics of the Tea Party have made. I am not "defaming" the TP, I am drawing a parallel. There were plenty of criminal problems and otherwise unsavory issues with TP protests, you and others just choose to overlook them. Why? See [[WP:undue]] -- '''we don't frame articles by the subjects' worst elements'''. -A98.. [[Special:Contributions/98.92.184.64|98.92.184.64]] ([[User talk:98.92.184.64|talk]]) 03:58, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
::Trust me, I'm temporarily ashamed of being pro-OWS at the moment. I lost all respect by seeing dozens of people on facebook last night talk about breaking windows and using the shards of glass to slit throats. At first there were only 1-2 posts like this per day on facebook, but now it's 20-30. I hope that it isn't really the OWS people saying that, but people like Jacksoncw logging into facebook and writing that stuff on our wall, trying to make us look bad. I really hope the OWS people are smarter than that, and wouldn't go bragging about their plans to make bomb threats and flash mobs at the subway, halting train service. I hope these idiots know what "non-violent" means, because on facebook they have total disregard for the law, disregard for the good OWS supporters like myself, and most importantly don't care about how bad this will sabotage our movement if the whack crazies act out some of this stuff they're unabashedly posting online for all to see (well, only for those to see who like the facebook page). I feel like we're going to have to do some more censuring/white-washing/damage-control on this page after the bad stuff they plan on doing today. What can you do really, but try to dissuade them? [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 14:04, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::This is getting way off-topic. 완젬스, I understand your frustration with what's happening at Facebook, and I have had my own problems with Jackson's edits, but your above comment about him is simply out of line. And while I have found your comments to date more constructive than not, it's looking more and more like a COI might be getting in the way of your impartiality. Earlier you called yourself an opponent of "any momentum-destroying criticism" of OWS; FWIW, I find the concept of a political movement that is ''too important to be criticized'' very, very frightening. It's probably the case that everyone who doesn't have their head stuck in the sand has ''some'' POV about OWS at this point, but please consider keeping some of these thoughts to yourself. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 21:35, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::::The United States was born in blood partly over an issue of [[No taxation without representation|taxation without representation]]. We celebrate the result every 4th. Why the shock, people? No got history? I'm not advocating one way or another, or justifying. I just don't get the squeamishness or shock. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 21:45, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::Centrify, I've been trying for days to insert some criticism of OWS. If you value such freedom to use RS in this article without censorship, please try and help. The objections to the RS were spurious, though one might summarize them in a different way. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 21:56, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::I think that's a bit of an uphill battle, or at least it can be. By comparison, it's a relatively simple matter to keep obvious POV-pushing material out, whereas striking an appropriate balance between published criticism and praise is much more daunting. Actually ''summarizing'' or ''synthesizing'' a balance of criticism and praise (like we might wish to do in the lead) can be near-impossible without committing OR, unless there happens to be some comprehensive and neutral scholarly analysis on the subject, which there almost never is.

:::::There is already ''some'' criticism about OWS in the article. Are you suggesting there's way ''too little'' criticism, or just that there is specific critical material that has been wrongfully excluded? If the latter, I'm glad to help, but if the former, I'm with you in spirit but feel a little more hesitant to actually dig in, because that sounds like a boatload of thankless work. That said, I'll be away for a while and probably won't be able to respond again for a few hours. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 22:06, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::There are some really good sources which give general summaries of how conservatives have characterized OWS. It's insulting. But it's an accurate summary of the primary sources. Also, there are some quotes of very notable conservatives such as Rush criticizing OWS, and either the quotes or the general summary or both should be in the article. They're notable and significant relative to this subject. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 22:21, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

Becritical, you give very ''bias'' sources which give ''analyses'', not summaries, of comments that were cherry-picked to only be insulting comments and none of the intelligent or thought out criticisms that have been said. You also imply that all of the criticism of the OWS is coming from conservatives only, but the [http://www.quinnipiac.edu/x1295.xml?ReleaseID=1670| Quinnipiac University] poll done on November 3 shows that 42 percent of independent voters disagree with the movement while only 29 percent of them support it. You keep saying that it is against some policy to use primary sources for quotes, what policy is that? I think if we are going to add criticisms, we should add actual criticism and not cherry-pick the insulting words that conservatives throw out there. It's clear that you want to defame the conservatives and make the criticisms look foolish, but that's not what this article is for. You keep saying "reliable source reliable source", but there is no reason to add those quotes because it is neither an accurate representation of how the conservatives feel nor is it informative.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 00:56, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:Let me be really clear: the bias is irrelevant, only whether the sources are RS is relevant. The polling thing is a minor issue, and can be worked out. And were you to read my previous post directly above yours, you will see I'm not against the quotes, I'm trying to put them in. And don't accuse me of bias for using RS or quotations. It's not my fault if it sounds stupid or insulting, it's the primary source's fault. And the RS sources do have an accurate description of how conservatives have criticized, because their summary is confirmed by the quotes from conservatives. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 01:23, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

::::With regards to me commenting about what has been said about me, I did a quick pros/cons analysis and have chosen not to defend myself and drag out this off-topic stuff. However, I hope the editors of this page know I'm a great editor and everyone still considers me an ally, despite what a handful of editors have to say. I was instrumental in getting rid of Dualus, and returning power over the OWS articles back to fellow Wikipedians, and that may have been the most instrumental "contribution" I've done here. With that said, I want to say I've taken a day off to reflect, but I still think I'm an invaluable editor and I'm sorry to anyone who gets offended by my liberal/progressive bias. I won't quit, I won't give up, '''''I [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfUYuIVbFg0 won't stop believing]''''' or editing in my beloved Wikipedia. Not now, not ever, [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 04:14, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

@[[User:완젬스|완젬스]], Invaluable editors don't intentionally push "invisible POV" in articles to make them "facilitative" to your specific view point. @becritical, If you were to read ''my'' post directly above ''yours'' you would have read what I think about your RS. The RS doesn't convey conservative's opinions accurately, we should look at the actual quotes and put ''that'' in the article, not what the "RS" thinks about the article.--[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 16:05, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

== Reference Mix-Up ==

Please clean up the mix-up of references "Amy Goodman" and "David Goodman", both are referred to as '''ref name="Goodman"''' which causes wrong footnote links. Thank you. -- [[Special:Contributions/77.189.60.125|77.189.60.125]] ([[User talk:77.189.60.125|talk]]) 21:53, 15 November 2011 (UTC)
:I'm not sure where this problem arises in the article - but it could possibly be moot, as they are brother & sister and do work together. [[User:Cgingold|Cgingold]] ([[User talk:Cgingold|talk]]) 08:43, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

== Post-eviction photos removed ==

:[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street#November_15_Protesters_evicted_from_Zuccotti_Park Post eviction photo gallery at Commons]
[[File:Day 60 Occupy Wall Street November 15 2011 Shankbone 7.JPG|thumb|Hours after the protesters were evicted on November 15, the police cleaned up all the trash and there is little trace of them]][[File:Day 60 Occupy Wall Street November 15 2011 Shankbone 43.JPG|thumb|Protesters return to the park to confront the police after a court order ruled that they could re-occupy the park]]These two photos were [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&diff=461101358&oldid=461090933 removed] with the following edit summary: "Please discuss on Talk before adding any more of your unsourced images and captions (the article already had 15 before you added these two) -- especially ones with a sympathetic bias, which look like POV-pushing". I don't think a photo of an empty park that gives a full view of the area, which is lacking in the article, and one of a protester confronting a police officer are "sympathetic bias", but perhaps reasonable minds could disagree. I also don't know what "unsourced images and captions" are. Regardless, I uploaded roughly 50 photos from the morning of the eviction on Commons, so feel free to use them, or not. --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 13:08, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::I apologize if I offend anyone (I didn't check who removed it) but I totally agree with Shankbone here, especially on the empty park picture. It's a great idea to show the park during it's temporary eviction, because it adds pictures to what is in the timeline. The 2nd picture I'm neutral about whether it stays or goes, but the empty park picture has gotta stay. I don't know why anybody would object to that picture, unless they're objecting to "too many pictures in general" in which case I might add to delete the picture of recycling dishwater for the plants. Go figure, [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 14:11, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:::I agree with 완젬스|완젬스 and I like the other photo very much as well. I would consider it one of the best photos so far. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 15:52, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::::I would agree with removing editor. Shankbone, while a good photographer, has no objectivity regarding OWS, and the article is far too heavily weighed from his photo point of view. (has he uploaded a single picture of OWS doing anything that is not positive?) 완젬스 is/has actively tried to frame this entire article to push a specific propaganda based bias. Actively pumping up positive aspects early in the movement to build momentum for the movement and set the stage of the article (as he has freely stated above). This article is already a great example of misuse of WP to promote a personal agenda, additional pro-movement pictures by Shankbone do no service to WP as a whole. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 16:27, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::Your reasons for agreement are focusing on motivations of the editors, rather than the value of the images. Could you comment specifically on each of the two images in question, and provide your rationale for preferring each one ''not'' be included herein? I hardly think a picture of an empty park is pushing a point of view.--'''~[[User:True Pagan Warrior|T]][[User talk:True Pagan Warrior|P]][[Special:Contributions/True Pagan Warrior|W]]''' 16:34, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::Well I believe the primary editors have serious [[WP:COI]] issues. That aside, I see little additional value of the first picture of the empty park, other than self-promotion of Shankbone's pictures. The second picture adds little either. Protests inherently rely on a perception of right or good vs wrong or bad. When you have a photographer that does not appear to be objective (all positive images, nothing remotely negative) then his pictures promote that perception. Shankbone is simply too close to the movement to be viewed as objective with his images in this situation (IMO). He appears to be a photographer ''for'' the movement, rather than a photographer ''of'' the movement, thus I view most of his work as [[WP:SELFPUB|un-published]] work, and not a [[WP:NPOV|neutral]] depiction of the event. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 16:54, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::::::::We all come to Wikipedia with a POV. Arzel, you obviously have one when you state on the Obama talk page: "I would prefer that WP not be the biased cesspool that it has become on a number of articles. My opinion is based on fact, the fact that Obama has made unprecedented measures toward transparency and by all measures, except his own, failed miserably. Arzel (talk) 16:26, 23 May 2011 (UTC)" We are not expected to be without a POV. We ''are'' expected to attempt to produce articles that are without a slanted POV. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 17:02, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::::::You have ignored my statement completely. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 19:52, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::::::::::As it should be. -A98.. [[Special:Contributions/98.92.184.64|98.92.184.64]] ([[User talk:98.92.184.64|talk]]) 04:13, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

If you are going to add that caption, then make it accurate. "Hours after the protesters were evicted on November 15 there is little trace of them" should be changed to "Hours after the protesters were evicted, the police had cleaned up all the trash." You are clearly pushing a POV with that caption as if the protesters didn't leave trash all over the place. Gandy, You are right about producing articles that are without a slanted POV, and that caption slants it. --[[User:Jacksoncw|Jacksoncw]] ([[User talk:Jacksoncw|talk]]) 19:15, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:I think we should be interested with the content of photographs like any other part of the article. I don't think David Shankbone is attempting to push POV. He may have a conflict of interest, but I think by now everyone contributing here knows that he has a lot of pics from actually being there. He isn't hiding the fact. He should defend a delete if he feels strongly about inclusion. Just having a conflict of interest doesn't mean he can't contribute. But with his having so many contributions already he must recognize how he is the main image contributor. It's a bold edit to add an image in an article already containing a high amount of your image contributions. But many of them have great value, even if I think some may not for this article. I say keep the park image in the time line and I'm against the image of the police as possible POV image. The "Hipster cop" was in GQ, but using anyone else is contentious and could be a BLP issue.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 20:53, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:*'''Comment'''. It should be fairly obvious that when I mentioned photos and captions reflecting a "sympathetic bias" that "look like POV-pushing", I was not referring to the photograph of the empty park, which happens to be the most innocuous and least promotional original image on the page. Is there anyone who disagrees that ''many'' of the numerous original images on the page lend themselves well to promotional purposes and have the appearance of having been selected, and their captions written, in order to emphasize positive aspects of the protest?

::The purpose of WP's policy on original images, so far as I can tell, is ''not'' to transform individual editors who happen to be photographers into "quasi-reliable sources" who are then given free reign to emphasize whatever aspects of the protests comport with their personal views on the article subject. Rather, the purpose is to provide a means for WP articles to include necessary and useful illustrations that could not otherwise be had due to WP's restrictions regarding copyrighted material.

::If anyone has an argument that this article would somehow be sorely lacking in illustrative content if it didn't have ''every last one'' of Shankbone's user-generated photos of, e.g., the lovely sustainable dishwater system, the pedal-powered battery station that protesters had to erect because of FDNY oppression, the hardcore protest-rock guitarist who happens to be a member of the [[Industrial Workers of the World]], various other photos of celebrity onlookers, random vistas of large crowds, union solidarity pictures, etc., I would really like to hear it. Otherwise, I don't see any reasonable rationale for having this article festooned with almost uniformly positive images and captions that are each the whole-cloth invention of one or more WP editors. That would be an end-run around [[WP:NOR]]. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 21:27, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::He has a huge amount at Commons. This isn't even close to "every last" one but he can still add them and we shouldn't be afraid to look at it any differently then content of any other kind, reference, claim etc. He is one of a handful of image contributers that has images that have great value in many different articles, and are used in many different ways. Trust me...this is but a small amount. If you saw all his other contributions you may be surprised. He may just be in the right place at the right time and we just need to be sure the use is encyclopedic.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 22:08, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::Rephrase, I just meant to ask, does anyone really think the article would be lacking without all the Shankbone images that are ''actually on'' the page? [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 22:13, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::I believe they improve the article a great deal. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 22:40, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::I believe the article has too many in a few sections and nothing in others. Undue weight to the over all article. It could use some clipping and maybe a few replaced for alternative images. What there is is David Shankbone images and an article is unlikely to have fair use images if freely available images can be used. Well, these can be used and are simply whats available. Do you want to go though image by image and discuss keep or delete and/or suggest replacements?--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 23:27, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::Generally, I think there are too many images overall (has more images than the article on [[Christmas]], for pete's sake, and it's less than two months old), and that they should be limited to pics that illustrate broader, widely reported themes rather than trivia, some of which really seems cherry-picked. I don't see having images of cheerful, well-groomed protesters recharging batteries, or sustainably dumping dishwater into the park, etc., as any more encyclopedic or any less POV than having pictures of people screaming at cops, sleeping amidst piles of trash, pooping on cop cars, and so forth. In other words, IMO the illustrative and encyclopedic value of such images is outweighed by their tendency to promote a POV. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 00:14, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
:Without commenting to anything else on this thread, photographs are not original research. [[Wikipedia:No_original_research#Original_images|Policy]]: "Original images created by a Wikipedian are not considered original research, so long as they do not illustrate or introduce unpublished ideas or arguments" I did not come anywhere close to falling afoul of this policy or NPOV. If I had witnessed someone shooting heroin between their toes or taking a pooh on a po-po, I would not have hesitated to photograph it and upload it. --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 04:57, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
[[File:Day 50 Occupy Wall Street November 5 2011 Shankbone 27.JPG|thumb|Looks no different than the Daily Mail 'protesters living with trash' photos in [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2046586/Occupy-Wall-Street-Shocking-photos-protester-defecating-POLICE-CAR.html this article]]][[File:Day 17 Occupy Wall Street October 3 2011 Shankbone 15.JPG|thumb|Same with this one as above]]
::What an unhappy accident, then, that your images all happened to turn out so one-sided; simply incredible that during the many weeks you extensively photographed OWS, nothing negative, such as unsightly piles of trash all over the place, happened to catch your attention. Without commenting on anything else in your comment, I'll point out once again that WP:OI is not an excuse to push POV, so it's misleading to simply say "photographs are not original research". [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 15:15, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
:::That's not true and you sound silly. In fact, quite a few of my photos were specifically used [http://ironicsurrealism.com/2011/09/25/occupywallstreet-zuccotti-park-squaters-ignore-owners-notice-to-gtfo-photos/ in this Patriot Action Network blog post] about the trashy conditions. Look at the photographs that go along with news media stories about protesters living among garbage; here is perhaps the most infamous from the [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2046586/Occupy-Wall-Street-Shocking-photos-protester-defecating-POLICE-CAR.html Daily Mail]. Most of those photos with the captions about trash piling up look no different than any of these photos of mine [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_50_Occupy_Wall_Street_November_5_2011_Shankbone_27.JPG] [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_36_Occupy_Wall_Street_October_21_2011_Shankbone_35.JPG] [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_17_Occupy_Wall_Street_October_3_2011_Shankbone_15.JPG ] [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_9_Occupy_Wall_Street_September_25_2011_Shankbone_21.JPG][http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Occupy_Wall_Street_Day_7_September_23_2011_Shankbone_3.JPG] [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_9_Occupy_Wall_Street_September_25_2011_Shankbone_25.JPG][http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_9_Occupy_Wall_Street_September_25_2011_Shankbone_12.JPG]. The problem with this "garbage meme" always was that what reporters called trash was in reality the tarps, provisions, clothing and personal items of the protesters that were piled up due to confined space. They weren't lying around in what they considered to be garbage, they were sitting on their possessions. Regardless, if you want photos like you saw in the news articles, I have plenty on Commons. Additionally, here is [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_50_Occupy_Wall_Street_November_5_2011_Shankbone_3.JPG a photo] of a deranged man slapping a protester, which I guess if you want to stretch it would evidence "violence"? What about people arguing?[http://www.flickr.com/photos/shankbone/6348416685/in/set-72157628012767577] Here is a picture of the [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Day_16_Occupy_Wall_Street_October_2_2011_Shankbone_4.JPG deranged 'Lotion Man'] whose anti-semitic rant went viral, but he wasn't part of the movement just an opportunist. The drum circles were universally despised by the neighbors and even by some protesters, and I have [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street#Dance_and_music many, many photos] of those, so "negative" is in the eye of the beholder. Centrify/Factchecker, I think the issue is that you are so blinded by your anti-OWS POV that you no longer know what is NPOV, seeing any photographs that aren't explicitly negative as obviously positive. I would encourage you to take care with your editing because I question whether your own strong POV is affecting your judgment. --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 23:55, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
::::What may or may not exist is tempered by the fact that this article is loaded with your positive images from the movement. While this is not inherently bad, it gives an overal biased impression of the article. This is largely the result of activist editors using WP to promote OWS. As I have said before, I think you take good pictures, and your photos of well-known people are quite valuable. My concern here is that you seem to be too closely involved with the movement, and as a result your pictures here lose their objectivity. I would view it the same as having an article written entirely from one single source, and as you know, a picture can be very effective at teling a story. Thus right now it looks like David Shankbone's view of OWS. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 15:09, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Ok David, I should give you credit for having taken some photos of things that could be seen in a negative light; I simply didn't notice these although I think it's fair to say that this was a reasonable oversight given that there are relatively few of them and the thumbnails are small. This still leaves my core concern, though, which is echoed by Arzel's comment above. Regardless of what's in your Commons page, what's in the article has been uniformly positive (and please, don't lecture that it's only an anti-OWS POV that makes me think that obvious puffery about sustainable battery charging and dishwater dumping is promotional). It's not that I think the article should have many images depicting both positive and negative things, but rather that the article is not really well-served by either. (To quote a comment I made above, ''"IMO the illustrative and encyclopedic value of such images is outweighed by their tendency to promote a POV."'') So yes, while adding, e.g., a pic of apparent filth and chaos, would do something to balance the images that may seem to have a promotional tone, it's better to, again, use ''fewer images'' that illustrate broad, widely reported themes, rather than also including photos that depict trivial stuff and tend to promote a POV. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 17:13, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
::::I don't think your point of view that there should be few images on this article would withstand a RfC. Images are a requirement for both GA and FA, and our [[Wikipedia:Images#Choosing_images|Manual of Style]] states, "Because the Wikipedia project is in a position to offer multimedia learning to its audience, images are an important part of any article's presentation. Effort should therefore be made to improve quality and choice of images or captions, rather than deleting them—especially on pages which lack visuals." You have been editing Wikipedia almost as long as I have, and I think you would be hard-pressed to make a persuasive argument to the community that a protest can't be illustrated when we have almost 800 images of various facets of it on Commons. I don't see any POV in the images, but I also remember being told by liberals that [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:David_Shankbone/Protests#Ground_Zero_Mosque_2010 I showed the 'Ground Zero Mosque' protesters in too favorable of a light]; and yet [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ground_Zero_Mosque_Protesters_5.jpg This image] will be featured in a two year exhibition at the [[Museum of the City of New York]]. So I'm used to all sides seeing what they want to see. --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 18:08, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::In fairness, I did not say, and am not saying, that there should be ''few'' images. What I said was that the article should have few''er'' images, and lean towards ones that depict broader themes and don't lend themselves to promotion of a POV. That's just inherent in encyclopedicity, IMO, although I'm sure reasonable minds could disagree with me on that. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 18:51, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== "Financial inequality" vs. inequality in total wealth ==

I've never heard of this term "Financial inequality". Is this just parrotting the source without understanding the term? And then [[WP:SYN]] with another source which has slightly different numbers, and then contrasting the two as if they are different concepts?

::''Financial inequality{{specify}} was greater than inequality in total wealth{{specify}}, with the top 1% of the population owning 42.7%, the next 19% of Americans owning 50.3%, and the bottom 80% owning 7%.<ref name="ForbesJacobs">[http://www.forbes.com/sites/deborahljacobs/2011/11/01/occupy-wall-street-and-the-rhetoric-of-equality/ Occupy Wall Street And The Rhetoric of Equality] ''Forbes'' November 1, 2011 by Deborah L. Jacobs</ref>''

If they are in fact different concepts, could we have a different wikilinks to these articles? Thanks.
[[User:Ufwuct|Ufwuct]] ([[User talk:Ufwuct|talk]]) 23:36, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

:I've proposed new wording. If the consensus is to discard my proposed wording and revert the original, I would recommend linking directly to here [http://www2.ucsc.edu/whorulesamerica/power/wealth.html] so the reader doesn't need to go through two sources to find an explanation. [[User:Ufwuct|Ufwuct]] ([[User talk:Ufwuct|talk]]) 23:44, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

::I put the definition in parenthesis. What this means is that the poor don't have liquid assets, they don't partake in the windfalls of the stock market or even rental properties etc. Most of their financial wealth is immediately spent on necessities, and they don't have anything left over to make investments to better their financial situation. That is why it takes money (liquid assets) to make money. The rich can make money because they have liquid assets outside of their houses. It's an important advantage of the rich, and you're in the 99% (or really bottom 80%) if you don't know about it. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 00:01, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
== Revamping the timeline section ==

I think the history section is in need of an overhaul. We have two articles that document the progression of events of OWS and the Occupy movement: [[Timeline of Occupy Wall Street]] and [[Occupy movement]]. I propose we revamp the history section on this page to focus solely on New York, and only major moments, with significant moments put on the Timeline article. Non-New York events should go to the location-specific articles, with major events repeated on the Occupy movement article. I think New York should be the central focus here, and the major moments of OWS deserve more attention. If we mention other movements, it should only be when those locations influenced New York (e.g. Scott Olsen in Oakland). Any thoughts? --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 04:33, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:Definitely. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 04:36, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

::This has been discussed before and I think that there was general agreement, however we were all so exhausted just trying to keep up with Dualus, or for whatever other reasons, it was not acted on. As for trying to sort out exactly what happened where, I wonder if it's possible? Will it restrict us when trying to reference something if the ref does not specify the NYC OWS? Or, for instance, we have four Occupy sites here in Maine, but none of them has their own article. What if something major happens (someone dies, etc.) here in Maine? - obviously it would need to go into this article. Or, I remember making a rather sarcastic comment re crime saying xxx did not even occur at the NYC site. But on the other hand, many of the major incidents did not happen in NYC... There is an existing article for all the U.S., however it has been suggested it be deleted...actually there are 2 of them... I've been thinking of putting some Maine info in one of them, but I don't want to go through a lot of work only to have the article deleted... Also, I would guess that any Wikipedia reader would come to this article for basic information. So, all in all, I wonder if it may be a little too early to do anything drastic? Well, just some thoughts. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 21:07, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:::It's a difficult problem, in that the movement is too large for one article. And this is the primary article, but [[Occupy Movement]] ought to be. Making this a generalized article might have support under [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Name#Common_names naming conventions], but then we'd have to revamp the article. An alternative is for editors to just decide to make this strictly OWS, and switch efforts to Occupy Movement. That is logical, but I'm not doing that till people decide to join me. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 21:16, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

::::Yes, it is difficult... I was a major contributor to the Gulf oil spill, the Haiti quake, and the flu pandemic, or perhaps the non-pandemic, and none of them were nearly as difficult as this one. I give everybody that has hung in with this one major credit - certainly anyone reading the article has no idea how much frustrating work has gone into it. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 21:43, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::I'm off my Wikibreak, I'll try to work on revamping the timeline suggestion mid-week and incorporating this feedback, and link to my edits in this section on the talk page when I'm done. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 17:21, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== OWS Library ==

Does anyone feel that the Occupy Wall Street Library merits its own article? It looks like the library has garnered significant coverage lately, i.e. from [[Boing Boing]], etc. So far it has a mention on [[List of destroyed libraries, archives and museums]].--[[User:DoctorWho42|DrWho42]] ([[User talk:DoctorWho42|talk]]) 06:33, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
:Unfortunately, no. At least, not yet. While there is both real and symbolic value, the library doesn't even have a section in this article. That would be the place to start if you can justify more coverage with reliable sources -- e.g. The Rachel Maddow show on MSNBC has featured it several times recently. -A98 [[Special:Contributions/98.92.184.64|98.92.184.64]] ([[User talk:98.92.184.64|talk]]) 12:12, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
::If you can gather enough reliable primary sources with thorough coverage, [[WP:BOLD|go for it]].   '''''— '''''[[User:CMBJ|'''''C M B J''''']]   12:27, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
:::[[WP:Bold]] The worst that can happen is maybe it fails AFD. I say if you have the passion, then go for it (and make sure to have reliable sources) and then tag it for [[WP:Article Rescue Squadron]] if all else fails. If you can write it in an encyclopedic way, then it should be a good read for the many of us casual Wikipedians. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 04:44, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
::::Since the consensus here seems to be in favor of creating the article, I went ahead and did so. Here we are: [[The People's Library]].   '''''— '''''[[User:CMBJ|'''''C M B J''''']]   08:08, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::Change the name to [[Occupy Wall Street Library]] since that is the mainstream coverage it gets. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 12:37, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

::::::Would it be possible to have the article be about Occupy libraries in general, since many (most?) of the different sites seem to have a library? [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 14:15, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

That article has almost no MSM reports that adequately serve as RS's. Most of it is based off blogs, opinion, and the ALA's self-published news releases. The article reads like propaganda. Are there any actual RS that talk about it in a neutral tone? Are there any RS's that make it notable in it's own right? [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 14:55, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:I agree - that material should be pared down, and whatever remaining content is reliable sourced should be merged with this article. [[User:Kelly|'''Kelly''']] [[User talk:Kelly|hi!]] 22:26, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
::OWS library merge is being discussed on its [[Talk:The People's Library|talk page]]. Please contribute if you are interested. Thanks--([[User:Wikipedian1234|Wikipedian1234]] ([[User talk:Wikipedian1234|talk]]) 16:11, 20 November 2011 (UTC))
:::If anyone's interested, the OWS people on facebook are organizing to procure a complete set of NY statutes and older editions of law books, to have a mini-law library within this library. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 12:51, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== [[Occupy Toronto]] ==

Change caption [[File:Occupy Bay Street.JPG|thumb|Right|Occupy [[Bay Street]] in [[Toronto]] was inspired by Occupy Wall Street.]] to include [[Occupy Toronto]]? [[Special:Contributions/99.181.134.6|99.181.134.6]] ([[User talk:99.181.134.6|talk]]) 07:22, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
{{clear}}

== Economic background is undue weight? ==

How are [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&action=historysubmit&diff=461309682&oldid=461308724 this] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&action=historysubmit&diff=461310477&oldid=461309682 this] correct? Isn't the main motivation for the protests economic? How many of the sources discuss economics as part of their coverage? Why did they choose Wall Street? So how are economic details undue weight? Especially compared to other sections. I thought the economic coverage should be expanded if anything. That's the main issue of OWS isn't it? [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 19:41, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:IMO it is never justified to wipe out large sections of an article without prior discussion. Isn't this supposed to be a joint effort? I would suggest the editor return the copy and ask for discussion. [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 20:44, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

::The use of the information wasn't even referenced with context to the article (actually the whole intro to that section was un-referenced). It is undue weight to the "Occupy Wall Street" article but relevant and notable enough for due weight. I added a good deal to save the section in good faith to keep it referenced to the claim that it has to do with the movement in the manner mentioned etc. I added a few references to what was a bit of puffery.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 21:15, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:::Well, that seems reasonable! BeCritical?... :D [[User:Gandydancer|Gandydancer]] ([[User talk:Gandydancer|talk]]) 21:33, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

::::I really don't know what he's saying. The material which was originally in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&oldid=461308724#We_are_the_99.25 99%] section was thoroughly referenced, and was referenced to articles about OWS for the most part, with a few details referenced to sources which the articles on OWS themselves used as sources, such as the Congressional Budget Office. IOW, the sources used were about OWS, and discussed the economic details in reference to OWS, and made it clear that they were relevant to OWS. And that's OWS specifically, not just the Occupy movement. Does that answer the concerns or do I not understand? Also, [[We are the 99%]] is even worthy of its own article, so surely worthy of small section here. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 22:30, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::Neither of the two linked removals were 100% good. I think the article should explain, in brief summary, the main concerns of OWS, the ones that have been commented upon repeatedly by reliable sources. We should not try to research the topic of economics ourselves, of course, but our readers are coming here looking for an easily understood explanation. We should give it to them. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 23:07, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

::::::I think it explains in in a concise and accurate way how the slogan or phrase relates to the data and preserves the main essence of what was written originally with additional referenced accuracy. The portion left out simply went into more detail then was needed.--[[User:Amadscientist|Amadscientist]] ([[User talk:Amadscientist|talk]]) 23:45, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::I think it needs at least its own section with a link to the main 99% article. The summary can be either pared down or divided into a general overview paragraph and a further details paragraph. How about that? I really don't understand the WEIGHT objection. This is the most important motivator for the movement, and deserves probably the most prominent placing and WEIGHT in our "background" coverage. [[Occupy movement|"The Occupy movement is an international protest movement which is primarily directed against economic and social inequality."]] [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 02:09, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

I'm not sure WEIGHT is the fundamental concern; the section looks like there's a fair amount of OR. We're hanging, (coatracking), content on the economy onto an article about the protests. Sure the economy plays a part in why the protests occur but unless a source explicitly makes the connection between economy and OWS, we're dealing with WP:OR. I'm short on time but I did look at a couple of sources and they don't make that kind of connection, so that kind of source and the content they reference should be removed as non compliant. I may have time in the next days to look at the sources, but if not someone else might want to take a look and see if that explicit connection is there.([[User:Littleolive oil|olive]] ([[User talk:Littleolive oil|talk]]) 03:29, 19 November 2011 (UTC))

:Yes, I've been trying to straighten it out. Sources got removed, re-arranged, etc. I think I'm going to rewrite it and put the quotes in the ref tags so that they can't be lost. In a couple of cases, a source pointed us to a document, and I went to that document to get the details. For example, Forbes talked about "financial wealth," and referenced its source, so I went to that source for a definition when someone requested it. I believe all the text was ''originally'' sourced, but there have been too many changes and it's a section that's difficult to change without messing up. It's going to take some time. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 04:25, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:: Wishful thinking, the section has been OR from the start. Sources making a connection beyond that only in the editor's mind have been lacking all along. [[User:The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous|The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous]] ([[User talk:The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous|talk]]) 04:27, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:::No it has not, there was no coatracking at all to begin with. You consistently misunderstand sourcing, for example [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Occupy_Wall_Street/Archive_15#Apparent_Synthesis_of_Economist_article_and_OWS_Income_Growth_Meme here]. The Economist source [http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/10/income-inequality-america?page=1Income] is now gone from the article. Did you take it out? No wonder Littleolive thinks it's OR. Use of [http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/26/us/politics/top-earners-doubled-share-of-nations-income-cbo-says.html?_r=2 sources like this] that don't mention OWS are not my fault. People came in and didn't understand what was going on or how to avoid OR and SYNTH. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 04:39, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:::: Funny, I critiqued the Economist ref in detail, and no substantive rebuttal, defense or reply was ever made. (What ever happened to Mr Muza of Zimbabwe, is he still under the bus where he was thrown?) Why the Economist source is a good ref, we have not been told even once. [[User:The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous|The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous]] ([[User talk:The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous|talk]]) 05:15, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::Where did you give us any reason to think it's bad? What's bad about it? [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 19:28, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::: Strange I would be asked where I addressed the pointlessness of the Economist ref; the talk [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Occupy_Wall_Street/Archive_15#Apparent_Synthesis_of_Economist_article_and_OWS_Income_Growth_Memehere diff] placed by Be in this discussion for my my benefit starts with the critique, but now it seems I'm not the one who could profit from the diff. But never min that. Why are we talking about a ref not in the article? Does anyone have a mind to restore it, or is this simply a personal resentment intruding on the discussion? I'm just not getting the point of this. [[User:The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous|The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous]] ([[User talk:The Artist AKA Mr Anonymous|talk]]) 00:22, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::Yeah, I checked it out on the RS noticeboard, and intend to restore it eventually. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 02:58, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

==[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Littleolive_oil/Sandbox We are the 99% source check]. ==

Because this has become contentious:

I've copied the section to my [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Littleolive_oil/Sandbox Sandbox: We are the 99% source check]. My thought is to check each source to make sure its a RS , note its status, and then when all of the R Sources are assembled edit or rewrite the section. This allows editors, whenever they have a chance, to check a source or two until the job is done.([[User:Littleolive oil|olive]] ([[User talk:Littleolive oil|talk]]) 18:40, 19 November 2011 (UTC))

:I've started working on this, please join in.([[User:Littleolive oil|olive]] ([[User talk:Littleolive oil|talk]]) 19:11, 19 November 2011 (UTC))

::The problem is that with an influx of new editors (who knows if the regulars will still be working on this article a month from now?) that this type of proposal would be very [[WP:CHOICE|labor intensive]], doesn't foreseeably improve the article by much, and carries with it no clout. It's best to just keep the process simple, organic, and with the least amount of effort possible. Whether a source is reliable or not often boils down to an opinion anyway, which then means it can change as easily as consensus can change. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 12:53, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:::I've checked all of the sources for the section, ''We are the 99%.'' The sources which are not reliable are clear violations because they do not explicitly mention OWS, and their use clearly creates [[WP: OR]]. Its a pretty simple process. If anyone wants to double check what I did please feel free([[User:Littleolive oil|olive]] ([[User talk:Littleolive oil|talk]]) 15:33, 21 November 2011 (UTC))

Other questionable sources:
*This source [http://motherjones.com/politics/2011/10/we-are-the-99-percent-creators] while it references OWS may be a blog ... not sure... .([[User:Littleolive oil|olive]] ([[User talk:Littleolive oil|talk]]) 16:11, 21 November 2011 (UTC))

{{OD}}What part is it that you want to rewrite? After reading your work, I'm of the opinion it's all OR and the section can be deleted, because recently consensus emerged that OWS is about the New York campsite only, not the [[Occupy Movement]] which we have an article for. This article is way too bloated as it currently stands (especially the timeline section, which we also have an article for) and it's fine with me if you chop it off here and move it to occupy movement. The chart was also disputed and I thought it isn't pertinent for the OWS demonstrations. I stayed out of the discussion last time, but since you're brave enough to open up the can of worms, I think all the unreliable sources should be deleted and all the original research removed. I'm behind you if you're brave enough for the job, [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 17:17, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== Polling Agreement vs. Support for OWS ==

There was an article somewhere that pointed out how polls varied for Occupy Wall Street because there's a difference between ''supporting'' the movement and ''agreeing'' with it because Americans might agree with Occupy's goals but might not support the movement because of reported crime etc.

Does anyone know where this is? It might already be cited be in the article. [[User:CartoonDiablo|CartoonDiablo]] ([[User talk:CartoonDiablo|talk]]) 16:38, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

:I don't know -haven't focused on this- but it's a very good question and you're right about the difference. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 19:02, 20 November 2011 (UTC)
::[http://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2011/11/occupy-wall-street-0] [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 20:51, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

Well the article was specifically about that and showed how polling is usually higher when it's "agreement" as opposed to "support" and unfortunately not what you posted but thanks for trying to help anyway. [[User:CartoonDiablo|CartoonDiablo]] ([[User talk:CartoonDiablo|talk]]) 03:25, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== Lost & Found [[WSJ]] November 19th resource ==

[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203699404577046591280176250.html Lost, and Found, After Zuccotti Raid] by Maya Pope-Chappell, excerpt ... {{Quotation|Now the raw materials of the protest encampment occupy a Department of Sanitation garage on West 56th Street, where property owners have until Tuesday afternoon—one week after the raid—to find their confiscated possessions and stake their claims.}}

[[Special:Contributions/99.56.120.136|99.56.120.136]] ([[User talk:99.56.120.136|talk]]) 01:19, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== [[The New School]] resource ==

[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203611404577046752806230624.html Occupy Moves to Fifth Avenue] by Sumathi Reddy and Jessica Firger [[Special:Contributions/99.56.120.136|99.56.120.136]] ([[User talk:99.56.120.136|talk]]) 01:26, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== [[New York Times]], resource ==

[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/19/business/occupy-wall-street-has-plenty-of-potential.html An Uprising With Plenty of Potential] by James B. Stewart, published November 18, 2011 in ''Common Sense'', excerpt ... {{Quotation|The issues that spawned the movement — [[Income inequality in the United States|income inequality]], money in politics and Wall Street’s influence — were being drowned out by debates over personal hygiene, noise and crime. ... But critics and supporters alike suggest that the influence of the movement could last decades, and that it might even evolve into a more potent force. “A lot of people brush off Occupy Wall Street as incoherent and inconsequential,” Michael Prell told me. “I disagree.” Mr. Prell is a strategist for the [[Tea Party Patriots]], a grass-roots organization that advocates [[Tea Party movement|Tea Party]] goals of [[fiscal responsibility]], [[free market]]s and [[constitutionally limited government]]. He’s the author of “Underdogma,” a critique of [[left-wing]] [[anti-Americanism]], which includes a chapter on the [[Berkeley Free Speech Movement|Berkeley Free Speech movement]] of the 1960s, which may be the closest historical parallel to the [[Occupy movement]].}}

Also see [[Sidney Tarrow]], [[Jeff Goodwin]], [[Cornel West]], [[Occupy Oakland]] and [[Occupy Seattle]].

[[Special:Contributions/99.56.120.136|99.56.120.136]] ([[User talk:99.56.120.136|talk]]) 01:39, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

== Crime ==

If there are notable crime incidents they should be included into the '''''CRIME''''' section. Groping incidents are notable crime incidents and a protester being arrested for a firearm are notable incidents. I think there should be an article of its own regarding the crime in at Occupy Wall Street.[[User:Racingstripes|Racingstripes]] ([[User talk:Racingstripes|talk]]) 06:48, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:Minor incidents certainly aren't notable enough for this article. See if they have any lasting significance to the protest as a whole. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 08:39, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

::There's virtually no crime other than what's been reported, and so far what's been reported is insufficient to warrant a separate article. It will just sabotage the movement's momentum if it were allowed anyway. People don't like crime, and OWS is wholly against crime generally speaking. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 12:57, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

::Whether people like crime or not it is a real aspect of what is occurring on a regualar basis at occupy wall street. Thefts and gropings are common at zuccotti park and should be included in the article, and someone showing up with a gun is not common but it is certainly notable.[[User:Racingstripes|Racingstripes]] ([[User talk:Racingstripes|talk]]) 18:01, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:::완젬스 is actively involved with the movement and has serious [[WP:COI]] issues. However, I find it highly amuzing and ironic that he would say that OWS is against crime when most of their actions, and indeed their formation, is predicated on the basis of committing a crime, ie illegal occupation of private property. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 18:04, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

::Virtually no crime? Check out the [http://biggovernment.com/jjmnolte/2011/10/28/occupywallstreet-the-rap-sheet-so-far/| Occupy Rap Sheet]. Many times them simply being there isn'tlegal because they [http://torontoist.com/2011/11/occupy-toronto-one-month-in-and-safe-for-now/| don't always bother getting permits]. There is a lot of crime sourced in reliable sources and it is very notable.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 18:36, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:::One quick comment, the OWS activists on facebook consider the [[meat world]] protesters as an embarrassment to the [[occupy movement]] generally speaking. There has never been any crime committed on our facebook pages, and in fact we even convinced some idiots not to make bomb threats on the NYSE building on Nov 15th by threatening them that it would fall under terrorism. There's definitely an [http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/manhattan/wall_street_cra_pad_s31YWPjPTt0TYuxLGnu7IK "upper 49.5%"] and a "lower 49.5%" within the 99% both in income and intelligence. The saboteurs of our movement are the ones committing crimes, leaving trash everywhere, defecating on police cars, showing up only for the free food, etc. Crimes such as rape are extremely demoralizing to us and we see a temporary drop in donations every time a major crime (such as rape) is reported. Some OWS members' followers of the finance committee even have wrote on facebook wall that before we purged the words "rape and attempted rapes" from a previous, flawed version of this article, that it was costing us between $500-$1500 per day in fewer donations. (speculation only, there are no reliable sources) So if you have any doubts, ask the finance committee how much the movement suffers both financially and morally when crime slows down the momentum and cash inflows of OWS. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 19:02, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:::Just because you feel that these people are hurting your movement does not give a basis for them to not be included. Actually since they are part of your movement it actually creates a bigger emphasis for them to be included.[[User:Racingstripes|Racingstripes]] ([[User talk:Racingstripes|talk]]) 19:22, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

::::That's my point, we can't do anything about it. It frustrates us, and drains our energies & cripples our fundraising. Crime and bad press are our #1 issues stemming from the camps right now. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 19:34, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

::::::So you are basing your fundraising efforts on the perception that others may have on this article? You should be banned from editing this article. You have shown that you are far far to involved to edit with any sence of objectivity. You are now actively admitting that you have work to edit this article to effect fundraising for OWS. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 21:16, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::::(ec) It's no secret that the article makes no mention of rape anymore. I'm simply pointing out that this whitewashing/censureship/damage-control/etc correlates to daily inflows from paypal/credit card donations, and that this correlation was discovered a week ago. I just wish crime never happened so that way crime wouldn't be a problem. I don't see a dime of that money, nor the $500,000 that my genius finance committee brethren squanders on $700/night hotel rooms and misappropriation. Without fresh money and fresh morale, OWS is losing the support from New York Times and other supportive media outlets. Crime effects fundraising, which is why I think a separate article is a bad idea. It has been a very rough month for us, but I've been as neutral as humanly possible--just check my contribs. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 21:31, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:::::Quick comments aside, no one has tried to put "groping incidents" into the crime section. If you feel like there is enough information to begin an Occupy Crime section,(there is certainly enough coverage), feel free to create one and I'm sure others would help out.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 21:10, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

::::::Yes he did [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&diff=prev&oldid=461726232]. Even if covered in the news, there is virtually no notability of crime for this article. We only put in things which are of lasting significance to the subject, and a laundry list of petty crimes is not notable. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 21:25, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::Oh, and 완젬스, talking about your promotion of the movement merely makes everyone here think you are just at this article to POV push and will get you nothing but people calling for you to be banned and/or blocked. Just keep all your edits NPOV and don't talk about your personal feelings and all will be okay. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 21:27, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
{{OD}}If in doubt, I err on the side of caution now that some people are putting me under the magnifying glass. Everyone has a pov, but my edits are careful. I saw what happened to [[User talk:Dualus|Dualus]]... [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 21:36, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

@becritical It's your ''opinion'' that the crimes have no "lasting significance". I believe it does. It's also your ''opinion'' that they are not notable even though there is an entire section devoted to them. And as [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] said, "Crimes such as rape are extremely demoralizing to us and we see a temporary drop in donations every time a major crime (such as rape) is reported" and that "fundraising decreases", so obviously someone out there thinks the crime is significant.--[[Special:Contributions/174.49.47.34|174.49.47.34]] ([[User talk:174.49.47.34|talk]]) 21:39, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

:Yeah, it's the perpetrator and it's a totally selfish reason to commit a crime. That's the only person who benefits, for it kills the viability of [[Occupy Movement|the movement]] which OWS started. [[User:완젬스|완젬스]] ([[User talk:완젬스|talk]]) 21:46, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
::Your feelings about the selfishness of crime, what brings in donations and what is or is not demoralizing to OWS has absolutely no relevance here, so please stick to discussing the article. As you know, none of this is a consideration in the editing of this article and it's little more than a distraction. Please keep your focus and I encourage you to stop conflating your activism with discussions about the article. --David '''[[User:David Shankbone|Shankbone]]''' 00:35, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

:::I put enough cites and significant coverage that clearly shows this needs to be included[[User:Racingstripes|Racingstripes]] ([[User talk:Racingstripes|talk]]) 06:00, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

::::There are just as good sources for many other aspects of the movement that we haven't included because they aren't sufficiently important to the overall subject. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 06:23, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

== Schoen's Demographics Opinion Piece & Related Edits ==

So, for the past few days a self-proclaimed "anti-communist" (they're everywhere and all..), {{user|Factchecker atyourservice}} has been re-adding dubious material to the article when it has been removed. A few of these include placing [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&action=historysubmit&diff=461784856&oldid=461784153 this hit job] by Fox News political analyst [[Douglas Schoen]] in the "demographics" section. At one point I pointed out the Fox News connection, so he decided it was then appropriate to note that he once worked for Clinton. For ''balance'', right? Also, [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&diff=prev&oldid=461791591 hey, have you heard]—the ''Wall Street Journal'' reports that at some point OWS protestors have been using the bathroom of a local McDonalds, now that's big news! Notable even. And, not to miss an angle, he's also pretty [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupy_Wall_Street&diff=prev&oldid=461785731 fond of adding this about hearing loss to a drumming and dancing image caption]. I'm not here all the time, so someone else might want to keep an eye out for his daily sweep. [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 01:16, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

:I think you should be far more concerned about editors that are trying to manipulate this article in order to drive financial donations to OWS. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 01:21, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

::Well, that's no good if that's the case, but I tend to be more concerned with the article body itself (I am assuming you're talking about the talk page here somewhere). [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 01:28, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

:::What concern? That you whitewash the article? There are enough OWS activists editing this article the way it is. [[User:Arzel|Arzel]] ([[User talk:Arzel|talk]]) 01:38, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

::::Arzel, does this mean that, in turn, I should immediately assume that you're bank astroturf? See how I didn't do that? Yeahhh. [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 02:02, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

I agree with bloodofox, Certainly his first diff doesn't belong in the article. Maybe in the criticism section. We need to note that WEIGHT is relevant even if an RS has mentioned something. [[User_talk:Becritical|'''Be'''——'''C'''ritical]] 01:47, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

:Wow, Blood, you sound like a huge asshole who already knows all he needs to know about my intentions, so I suppose there's no point in replying. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 01:53, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
::I think your broadcast them pretty loud and clear, "fact checker". [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 02:02, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
:::Do you have anything appropriate or constructive to say, or is this section reserved exclusively for personal attacks? [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 02:09, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
::::I'm sorry, this from he who just referred to me as a "huge asshole"? Coherence? [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 02:12, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::You've been accusing me of "hit jobs" in your edit summaries and then you post this tirade basically saying I have malicious intent and shouldn't be trusted. So yeah, I meant what I said. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 02:14, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::That's hardly how I'd characterize my post, but I can't say I'm surprised that this is what you took home from it considering what you've tried to pull there. [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 02:18, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::"Tried to pull". Listen to yourself. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 02:20, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::::Well, I guess we could continue exchanging one-liners, but I'll refrain from clogging up the discussion page here with one-on-one time. You may continue the thread you've started on my wall, if you desire. [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 02:25, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
:::::::::I see no point in engaging your angry insults as if they were discussion. I'll be back at a later time to tag the article for POV and discuss some of the ''actual article content'' you've removed with barely a stated justification. [[User:Factchecker_atyourservice|Centrify (f / k / a FCAYS)]] [[User_talk:Factchecker_atyourservice|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Factchecker_atyourservice|(contribs)]] 02:28, 22 November 2011 (UTC)
::::::::::Well, I did "state" a whole paragraph above. But do return, this "dick" and "huge asshole" is always up for discussion. [[User:Bloodofox|:bloodofox:]] ([[User talk:Bloodofox|talk]]) 02:30, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

==File:Day 12 Occupy Wall Street September 28 2011 Shankbone 31.JPG Nominated for Deletion==
{|
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;What should I do?
''Don't panic''; a discussion will now take place over on Commons about whether to remove the file. This gives you an opportunity to contest the deletion, although please review Commons guidelines before doing so.
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|}

The article would be more precise of each instance of "protest" and protesters" was replaced by "occupy" and "occupiers." Maybe someone could do this automatically. The distinction is subtle, but important and political: unlike a protest, an occupation is a success per se, even if, for example, demands (if any) remain unmet. --Rirhat — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/24.67.209.104|24.67.209.104]] ([[User talk:24.67.209.104|talk]]) 03:53, 22 November 2011 (UTC) 

== potential resource ==

[[Talk:Occupy movement#potential resource A Sleeping Giant Awakens cover story]] [[Special:Contributions/99.190.83.205|99.190.83.205]] ([[User talk:99.190.83.205|talk]]) 05:22, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

== Misleading summary of source? ==

'':Police estimated that about 3,000 demonstrators were gathered at the port and 4,500 had marched across the city, however a member of the Occupy movement was quoted by the BBC as estimating as many as 30,000 may have taken part.[315]''

And this is from the linked BBC article:

:But a spokesman for the protest movement, who only gave his name as Aaron, told the BBC: "It is an order of magnitude larger than any protests we've seen and we've seen some big ones in the last week."
:
:"There are pockets here and there going on for what seems like miles. I have heard people say 20,000, 30,000... it's impossible to tell." — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/219.78.87.215|219.78.87.215]] ([[User talk:219.78.87.215|talk]]) 07:32, 22 November 2011 (UTC) 

== RE: Funding ==

The section called "Funding"

How can OWS have no central organization yet accept funds? How do we know that funds we send will get to activists and not scammers?
A lot of companies are trying to profit off of the movement.

[[Special:Contributions/173.133.187.239|173.133.187.239]] ([[User talk:173.133.187.239|talk]]) 07:55, 22 November 2011 (UTC)Moi

9K114 Shturm

2011-09-11T08:48:23Z

Luch4: /* Description */

[[Image:9M120_Ataka.jpg|thumb|right|A Shturm missile on display.]]
'''9K114 ''Shturm''''' ({{lang-ru|9К114 «Штурм»}}; "shturm" means storm (assault) in English) is [[SACLOS]] radio guided [[anti-tank missile]] system of the [[Soviet Union]]. Its [[GRAU]] designation is '''9K114'''<ref>{{ru icon}} [http://www.krugosvet.ru/articles/125/1012541/1012541a21.htm Artillery]</ref>. Its [[NATO reporting name]] is '''AT-6 ''Spiral'''''. The missile itself is known as the '''9M114''' ''Kokon'' (Cocoon).

==Development==
The missile was developed by the Kolomna Machine Design Bureau—which was responsible for the [[AT-1 Snapper]] and [[AT-3 Sagger]]. Work on the missile began in 1967, with hopes to use the missile on Mi-24. However delays forced the design of an upgraded Falanga system ([[AT-2 Swatter]]) using [[SACLOS]] guidance as a stopgap. Testing of the missile was completed in 1974, and was accepted into service in 1976.
The missile has no direct western counterpart, though it is closest to the [[AGM-114 Hellfire]].

==Description==
[[Image:Krzesiny 82RB.JPG|thumb|right|''Shturm'' launch tubes(right) on the wing of an Mi-24]]

[[File:9P149 Shturm-S.JPG|thumb|right|9P149 Shturm-S in [[Saint Petersburg Artillery Museum]]]]

[[File:Огонь!!!.jpg|right|thumb||9P149 vehicle with 9M144 missiles of anti-tank complex «Shturm-S» is firing]]
The missile can be deployed on a variety of platforms, including the [[Mi-24]]V and from 1979-onwards the [[MT-LB]] based 9P149 [[tank destroyer]]. There is also a shipborne version of the missile, with the launcher holding six missiles.

The missile is transported and launched from a glass-reinforced plastic tube. The missile uses a Soyuz NPO solid-rocket sustainer, with a small booster stage to launch the missile from its tube.

The missile is [[SACLOS]] with a radio command link. The use of a radio link allows the missile to travel much faster and further than if it were wire guided. The radio link is a [[VHF]] system with five frequency bands and two codes to minimize the risk of jamming. The system comprises a '''KPS-53AV''' 8x daylight-only direct vision sight with an integrated [[laser rangefinder]]. After the missile is launched the gunner has to keep the sight's crosshairs on the target until impact. Appropriate steering commands are transmitted to the missile via the radio link.

The missile flies above the gunner's line of sight to the target. With the range of the target determined by the laser rangefinder, the missile descends onto the target just before impact. This is done primarily to clear obstacles, instead of achieving a top-attack, and can be switched off. It is possible to engage low and slow moving helicopters with the system; however, since the missile only has a contact [[fuze]] a direct hit would be needed.

During the 1980s and 1990s a series of tests at the [[Aberdeen Proving Ground]] code-named Passive Nova 1, 2, and 3 test fired 120 AT-6 missiles purchased from different East European sources. The results where disappointing — 4% of the missiles fired at targets moving up to 15 km/h hit their targets, while 11% of the missiles fired at stationary targets hit. Tests with later models of the missiles raised the hit probability to 24%.

Soviet sources report kill ratios of 75-85% during the [[Soviet invasion of Afghanistan]]. Also a [[Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant|Mil]] demonstration in [[Sweden]] in late 1995 using a [[Mi-28]]A firing Shturm and [[9M120 Ataka-V|Ataka]] missiles also showed good results: from a hovering helicopter a Shturm was fired at a target 900 m away, and from level flight at 200 km/h an Ataka was fired at a target 4700 m away. Both missiles passed within 1 m of their targets.<ref>[http://www.enemyforces.com/missiles/shturm.htm AT Shturm]</ref>

It is possible there were problems with early models of the missile— Soviet stocks of the missile were rebuilt to AT-6B and C standard by 1994.

The export price of the missile in 1992 was $50,000.

== General characteristics (AT-6A Spiral) ==
* '''Length''': 1625 mm
* '''Wingspan''': 360 mm
* '''Diameter''': 130 mm
* '''Launch weight''': 31.4 kg
* '''Speed''': 345 m/s
* '''Range''': 400 m to 5 km
* '''Guidance''': Radio command link [[SACLOS]]
* '''Warhead''': 5.3 kg [[HEAT]] 560 mm vs [[Rolled homogeneous armour|RHA]]<ref>http://www.army-technology.com/projects/shturm/index.html</ref>

==Models==
* '''9M114''' '''AT-6''' ''Spiral'' Entered service in [[1976]].
** '''9M114''' '''AT-6A''' ''Spiral'' Shturm [[SACLOS]]
*** '''9M114M''' [[HEAT]] warhead.
*** '''9M114F''' [[Thermobaric]] warhead.
** '''9M114M1''' '''AT-6B''' ''Spiral'' Shturm [[SACLOS]] 6 km Range. 7.4 kg warhead.
** '''9M114M2''' '''AT-6C''' ''Spiral'' Shturm [[SACLOS]] 7 km Range. 7.4 kg warhead.
* '''9M120/9M120F/9A220O''' '''AT-9''' ''Spiral-2'' ''Shturm-VM'' - see [[9M120 Ataka-V]]

==Users==
;{{flag|Armenia}}
;{{flag|Bulgaria}}
;{{flag|Czechoslovakia}}
;{{flag|Czech Republic}}
;{{flag|Georgia}}
;{{flag|Indonesia}}
;{{flag|Moldova}}
;{{flag|Peru}}
;{{flag|Poland}}
;{{flag|Russia}}
;{{flag|Slovakia}}
;{{flag|Belarus}}
;{{flag|Tajikistan}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
* Hull, A.W. , Markov, D.R. , Zaloga, S.J. (1999). ''Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices 1945 to Present''. Darlington Productions. ISBN 1-892848-01-5.
* Article "Fire in the Hills", AirEnthusiast magazine, Volume 104, March 2003
* http://www.enemyforces.com/missiles/shturm.htm
* http://www.army-technology.com/projects/shturm/index.html
* http://www.airwar.ru/weapon/aat/shturm.html

==External links==
* http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/at6spiral.htm

{{Russian and Soviet missiles|ATM}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:9k114 Shturm}}
[[Category:Cold War anti-tank missiles]]
[[Category:Cold War missiles of the Soviet Union]]

[[cs:Šturm]]
[[de:AT-6 Spiral]]
[[fr:9K114 Chtourm]]
[[hr:9K114 Šturm]]
[[it:Šturm]]
[[ru:Штурм (ПТРК)]]
[[sv:9K114 Sjturm]]
[[tr:AT-6 Spiral]]
[[vi:9K114 Shturm]]

DDT (band)

2011-06-27T09:00:36Z

Luch4: /* Discography */

: ''For other uses: see [[DDT (disambiguation)]].''
{{Infobox musical artist 
| Name = DDT
| Img = Jurij-sjevtjuk-2007-08-14 (18.09.2008 edit).jpg
| Img_capt = Yuri Shevchuk in 2007
| Img_size = 
| Landscape =
| Background = group_or_band
| Birth_name =
| Alias =
| Born =
| Died =
| Origin = [[USSR]], [[Russia]]
| Instrument =
| Genre = [[Hard rock]]
| Occupation =
| Years_active = 1980–present
| Label = Teatr DDT
| Associated_acts =
| URL = http://www.ddt.ru
| Current_members = [[Yuri Shevchuk]] Pavel Borisov Aleksey Fedichev Tyoma Mamai Konstantin Shumaylov Ivan Vasilyev
| Past_members = Vladimir Sigachov Rustem Asanbayev Rustam Karimov Gennady Rodin Nikita Zaytsev Andrey Vasilyev Sergey Ryjenko Igor Dotsenko Mikhail Chernov
| Notable_instruments =
}}
'''DDT''' (or '''ДДТ''' in [[Cyrillic]]) is a popular [[Russia]]n [[rock band]] founded by its lead singer, [[Yuri Shevchuk]] (Юрий Шевчук), in [[Ufa]] ([[Bashkir ASSR]], [[RSFSR]]) in [[1980]]. It is one of the most successful and prolific Russian musical groups of the 20th and 21st centuries.

==History==
The band was formed in 1980<ref>[http://english.ddt.ru/history/ History of DDT, Official site]</ref> and originally consisted of 5 members:
* [[Yuri Shevchuk]] — vocals, guitar
* [[Vladimir Sigachyov]] — keyboard
* [[Rustem Asanbayev]] — guitar
* [[Gennady Rodin]] — bass
* [[Rustam Karimov]] — percussion<ref>[http://www.russia-ic.com/people/general/s/424/ Yuri Shevchuk]</ref>

In 1982, ''[[Komsomolskaya Pravda]]'' paper declared a competition for young music performers called ''[[Zolotoy Kamerton]]'' (Golden Tuning Fork). DDT submitted three compositions - "Inoplanetyane" (Aliens), "Chyornoye solntse" (Black Sun), and "Ne strelyai!" (Don't Shoot!). During the long-running competition, the group published their first album (on tape), ''[[Svinya na raduge]]'' (''Pig on a Rainbow''). The album contained elements of [[rock and roll]], [[blues]] and [[country music]]. During this time Russian popular music was divided between sanctioned "official" performers who were admitted to the musicians union, and unofficial artists. Unofficial artists were often highly trained musicians who also had other jobs. A complex underground network evolved in the 1980s and "unofficial" music became widely distributed (although, of course, without any compensation for the artists), in a similar way to the underground channels that had existed for non-state sanctioned literature ([[samizdat]]). Such "underground" artists became widely known, and their unofficial albums were sometimes mentioned in the press. In the 1980s, DDT straddled the line between underground and sanctioned artists, but leaned more towards the unsanctioned category.

DDT's submission to ''Zolotoy Kamerton'' reached the finals and the group was invited to perform in a concert at [[Moscow]]'s [[Orlyonok complex]], together with the other finalist, [[Rok-sentyabr]] (Rock-September) from [[Cherepovets]]. DDT and three members of Rock-September, [[Vyacheslav Korbin]], [[Yevgeny Belozyorov]] and [[Andrey Maslennikov]], soon produced a collaborative album (on tape), ''[[Monolog v Saigone]]'' (''Monologue in Saigon''). After recording the album, Sigachyov and Shevchuk returned to [[Ufa]].

Sigachyov distanced himself from the group, while Shevchuk recruited new members including Rodin, [[drummer]] [[Sergey Rudogo]], [[guitarist]] [[Rustam Rezvanov]] and [[Keyboard instrument|keyboard]] player [[Vladislav Strochillo]].

In May 1983, DDT successfully performed at the [[Luzhniki Stadium]] in Moscow, as part of a three-day, sanctioned festival, "[[Rok za mir]]" (Rock for Peace). Their performance, however, was edited out of the official television program covering the event.

The new collective produced the album ''[[Periferia]]'' (''Periphery'') in April 1984. After recording this album, some members of the group began to be watched and contacted by the [[KGB]]. Their music was banned, forcing them to go underground. In some ways this made them even more popular among young Soviets.

Although they never considered themselves political activists, Shevchuk always felt it his duty as a citizen and a songwriter to address not only the strengths but the weaknesses of his country's government, a stance none too popular in the U.S.S.R. DDT continued to work as a "non-conformist" group, producing albums and giving concerts throughout the Soviet Union. This was no easy feat, as they received little if any money for the records they produced during this period, and very little for their concerts as well. Like other dissident artists, they survived through a combination of cleverness, perseverance, and wit.

Shevchuk spent some time in Sverdlovsk (present-day [[Yekaterinburg]]), performing with the group [[Urfin Juis]]. In November 1985, DDT recorded the album ''Vremya'' (''Time'') in Moscow.<ref>[http://www.rockanet.ru/100/58.phtml 100 МАГНИТОАЛЬБОМОВ СОВЕТСКОГО РОКА] {{ru icon}}</ref>

In 1986, Shevchuk moved to Leningrad (now [[Saint Petersburg]]) with his wife, son and mother. This relocation also helped him to establish himself at the forefront of the Russian rock scene. In 1987 he rebuilt DDT. Its new members included:
*[[Vadim Kurylev]] — bass
*[[Andrey Vasiliev]] — guitar
*[[Igor Dotsenko]] — drums
*Nikita Zaitsev — violin, guitar
*[[Mikhail Chernov (musician)|Mikhail "Uncle Misha" Chernov]] — saxophone
*[[Andrey Muratov]] — keyboard

In June 1987, DDT performed at a St Petersburg rock-club festival. DDT performed in front of a crowd of 3,000, even though the venue's capacity was 1,000.

In the summer of 1988, DDT toured across the [[USSR]], and recorded a new album, ''[[Ottepel]]'' (''Thaw''). In 1988 they also made their first visit to the U.S., their concert in Los Angeles was covered by MTV.<ref>[http://english.ddt.ru/history/ History of DDT, Official site]</ref>

In 1989, they went on another tour with the group [[Alisa]], performing also at a rock festival in [[Hungary]]. In 1990, DDT performed several concerts in the [[United States|U.S.]] and [[Japan]]. They also performed as part of a concert in honor of [[Viktor Tsoy]]. After the U.S.S.R.'s collapse in 1991, DDT became even more popular at home and abroad, as their albums and concerts began to be broadcast and publicized widely. In 1991, DDT recorded another album, the bleak and keyboards-heavy ''[[Plastun (album)]]'' (''Crawler''), but after many months of work Shevchuk decided to shelve it; it was finally released in 1995.

In 1992 DDT released the album ''[[Aktrisa Vesna]]'' (''The Actress Spring''). This album yielded many hits, especially ''What is Autumn'' (Что такое осень). After releasing it, the band toured extensively. Soon afterwards the group changed its performance strategy by adding "programmes" - conceptually prepared concerts - to its repertoire. During December 1992 and January 1993, DDT presented its first program, ''[[Chyorny Pyos Peterburg]]'' (Black Mongrel Petersburg), and toured widely in [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] countries. On May 27, 1993, the anniversary of the founding of St. Petersburg, DDT performed a free concert on [[Palace Square|Dvortsovaya Square]].<ref>[http://www.russia-ic.com/people/general/s/424/ Yuri Shevchuk]</ref> 120,000 people attended.

During the summer of 1994, DDT took part in the rock festival [[White Nights of St. Petersburg]] in [[Berlin]]. That autumn, the group was awarded the prestigious [[Ovatsiya award]] (Ovation) for Best Rock Group of the Year. Yuri Shevchuk was also named Best Rock Musician of the Year.

In the beginning of 1995, a new album, ''[[Eto vsyo…]]'' (''That's all…''), was recorded. In January, Shevchuk went on a peace mission to [[Chechnya]], where he performed 50 concerts for both Russian troops and Chechen citizens alike.

On June 25, 1995, DDT performed a solo concert in [[Petrovsky stadium]], which attracted tens of thousands of fans.

Afterwards, the group toured with its newest programme, ''[[Ot i do]]'' (From and To). At the end of the winter of 1995–1996, the group worked in the USA. In February–March 1996, they recorded a new album, ''[[Lyubov (album)|Lyubov]]'' (''Love''), at [[Long View Farm]] in [[Massachusetts]] with two new musicians: bassist I. Tikhomirov (from the group [[Kino (band)|Kino]]) and keyboard player D. Galitsky.

In the summer of 1996, upon their return from the United States, the group headlined several festivals, including [[VladiROCKstok]], the first large-scale international music festival in the formerly closed city of [[Vladivostok]] on the Sea of Japan.

Since that time, the band has won many Russian music awards and numerous humanitarian citations for their creative and charitable work. Today, DDT is one of the most popular rock groups in Russia, and their concerts attract tens of thousands of people. Shevchuk and his group also regularly travel throughout the C.I.S. and other former Soviet republics to give benefit concerts: in the spring and summer of 2002, 10 out of 11 concerts that the band played were benefits for various social and cultural organizations. They are also reaching an ever-growing audience in the U.S. and Europe, and for the past 20 years have traveled frequently throughout the world making ever more converts to their unique sound. Shevchuk's music and lyrics are not only influenced by traditional "western" rock music, but also by the entire scope of Russian folk, classical, and religious music.<ref>[http://english.ddt.ru/history/ History of DDT, Official site]</ref> In many respects their years as an underground group shaped their philosophy towards their art. The question of their music's marketability was never part of the song writing process for there was no "market" in which to compete.

In 2005, they celebrated their 25th anniversary with an extended tour throughout Russia, Europe, and North America, and released a new CD entitled ''Пропавший без вести'' (''Vanished Without a Trace'') to huge critical acclaim.<ref>[http://english.ddt.ru/history/ History of DDT, Official site]</ref> Their most recent album, ''Прекрасная любовь'' (''Wonderful Love''), was released in 2007.

On March 3, 2008, DDT performed at the [[Dissenters' March]] in St. Petersburg to protest the controversial and possibly unfair election of [[Dmitry Medvedev]] as President of Russia. Recently, Shevchuk received considerable media attention following a pointed dialogue with Prime Minister [[Vladimir Putin]] in which he openly confronted him (on state television) with questions regarding such controversial topics as democracy, freedom of speech, assembly, and the press in Russia.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/01/world/europe/01russia.html?_r=2&scp=1&sq=Shevchuk&st=cse NY Times, Break in Protocol for a Rock Star With Putin, By MICHAEL SCHWIRTZ, May 31, 2010]</ref>

The group is currently working on a new double album at their studio in St. Petersburg, and is preparing to embark on a worldwide tour in 2011.

Shevchuk put together the first incarnation of the band in the summer of 1980, and although its members have changed over the years, Shevchuk continues to voice the concerns and frustrations of the Russian people in his music today just as he did in the band's infancy. The more than 20 albums in DDT's discography not only chronicle the history of a rock group; they are narratives that examine all aspects of life in the Soviet Union and Russia over the past 30 years.

==Discography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Transliterated title !! Original title !! Translation !! Year of release
|-
| Svinya na raduge || Свинья на радуге || Pig on a Rainbow || 1982
|-
| Kompromiss || Компромисс || Compromise || 1983
|-
| Periferiya || Периферия || Periphery || 1984
|-
| Vremya || Время || Time || 1985
|-
| Ya poluchil etu rol || Я получил эту роль || I received this role || 1988
|-
| Ottepel || Оттепель || Thaw || 1990
|-
| Plastun || Пластун || Scout ''(this is an archaic term originating with the Cossacks, see [[Plastun]])'' || 1991
|-
| Aktrisa Vesna || Актриса Весна || Spring the Actress || 1992
|-
| Chyorny pyos Peterburg || Чёрный пёс Петербург || Black Mongrel Petersburg (live album)|| 1993
|-
| Eto vsyo || Это всё || This is Everything ''(or: This is All)'' || 1994
|-
| Lyubov || Любовь || Love || 1996
|-
| Rozhdyonny v SSSR || Рождённый в СССР || Born in the USSR || 1997
|-
| Mir nomer nol (Single) || Мир номер ноль || World number zero (single) || 1998
|-
| Mir nomer nol || Мир номер ноль || World number zero || 1999
|-
| Prosvistela || Просвистела || (It) whistled by (compilation)|| 1999
|-
| Metel avgusta || Метель Августа || Snowstorm of August || 2000
|-
| Yedinochestvo I || Единочество I || Oneliness|| 2002
|-
| Yedinochestvo II. Zhivoy. || Единочество II. Живой. || Oneliness II. Alive. || 2003
|-
| Pesni || Песни || Songs (re-mixed hits) || 2003
|-
| Gorod bez okon. Vkhod. || Город без окон. Вход. || City with no windows. Entrance. (live album)|| 2004
|-
| Gorod bez okon. Vykhod. || Город без окон. Выход. || City with no windows. Exit. (live album)|| 2004
|-
| Propavshy bez vesti || Пропавший без вести || Vanished without a trace ''(Also: Missing in action)'' || 2005
|-
| Prekrasnaya lyubov || Прекрасная любовь || Wonderful love || 2007
|-
| Ne strelyay || Не стреляй! || Don't Shoot! (compilation) || 2008
|-
| Inache || Иначе || Other way || 2011 (The album is scheduled for September)
|}

==References==
<references />

==External links==
{{Commons cat|DDT (band)}}
*{{official|http://english.ddt.ru/}}
*{{musicbrainz artist|id=f7456b5b-e5a5-454e-b5db-047308210c8e|name=DDT}}
*{{last.fm|ДДТ|DDT}}
*[http://russmus.net/band.jsp?band=DDT DDT at Russmus]
*[http://antrakt.ng.ru/timeplace/2008-10-03/11_ddt.html Oct 2008 News article in NG Antrakt discussing Shevchuk's activism]
*[http://www.religare.ru/2_41464.html May 2007 Interview with Shevchuk in Religare publication]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/3568405.stm March 2004 Article on DDT in BBC News]

{{DEFAULTSORT:DDT}}
[[Category:Russian rock music groups]]

[[be:ДДТ, рок-гурт]]
[[bg:ДДТ (група)]]
[[ca:DDT (grup)]]
[[cs:DDT (rocková skupina)]]
[[de:DDT (Band)]]
[[fr:DDT (groupe)]]
[[ka:DDT (ჯგუფი)]]
[[lt:DDT (grupė)]]
[[pl:DDT (rosyjska grupa muzyczna)]]
[[ru:ДДТ (группа)]]
[[fi:DDT (yhtye)]]
[[sv:DDT (musikgrupp)]]
[[uk:ДДТ (гурт)]]

DDT (band)

2011-06-27T08:51:37Z

Luch4: /* History */ It's an album, not TV newscast

: ''For other uses: see [[DDT (disambiguation)]].''
{{Infobox musical artist 
| Name = DDT
| Img = Jurij-sjevtjuk-2007-08-14 (18.09.2008 edit).jpg
| Img_capt = Yuri Shevchuk in 2007
| Img_size = 
| Landscape =
| Background = group_or_band
| Birth_name =
| Alias =
| Born =
| Died =
| Origin = [[USSR]], [[Russia]]
| Instrument =
| Genre = [[Hard rock]]
| Occupation =
| Years_active = 1980–present
| Label = Teatr DDT
| Associated_acts =
| URL = http://www.ddt.ru
| Current_members = [[Yuri Shevchuk]] Pavel Borisov Aleksey Fedichev Tyoma Mamai Konstantin Shumaylov Ivan Vasilyev
| Past_members = Vladimir Sigachov Rustem Asanbayev Rustam Karimov Gennady Rodin Nikita Zaytsev Andrey Vasilyev Sergey Ryjenko Igor Dotsenko Mikhail Chernov
| Notable_instruments =
}}
'''DDT''' (or '''ДДТ''' in [[Cyrillic]]) is a popular [[Russia]]n [[rock band]] founded by its lead singer, [[Yuri Shevchuk]] (Юрий Шевчук), in [[Ufa]] ([[Bashkir ASSR]], [[RSFSR]]) in [[1980]]. It is one of the most successful and prolific Russian musical groups of the 20th and 21st centuries.

==History==
The band was formed in 1980<ref>[http://english.ddt.ru/history/ History of DDT, Official site]</ref> and originally consisted of 5 members:
* [[Yuri Shevchuk]] — vocals, guitar
* [[Vladimir Sigachyov]] — keyboard
* [[Rustem Asanbayev]] — guitar
* [[Gennady Rodin]] — bass
* [[Rustam Karimov]] — percussion<ref>[http://www.russia-ic.com/people/general/s/424/ Yuri Shevchuk]</ref>

In 1982, ''[[Komsomolskaya Pravda]]'' paper declared a competition for young music performers called ''[[Zolotoy Kamerton]]'' (Golden Tuning Fork). DDT submitted three compositions - "Inoplanetyane" (Aliens), "Chyornoye solntse" (Black Sun), and "Ne strelyai!" (Don't Shoot!). During the long-running competition, the group published their first album (on tape), ''[[Svinya na raduge]]'' (''Pig on a Rainbow''). The album contained elements of [[rock and roll]], [[blues]] and [[country music]]. During this time Russian popular music was divided between sanctioned "official" performers who were admitted to the musicians union, and unofficial artists. Unofficial artists were often highly trained musicians who also had other jobs. A complex underground network evolved in the 1980s and "unofficial" music became widely distributed (although, of course, without any compensation for the artists), in a similar way to the underground channels that had existed for non-state sanctioned literature ([[samizdat]]). Such "underground" artists became widely known, and their unofficial albums were sometimes mentioned in the press. In the 1980s, DDT straddled the line between underground and sanctioned artists, but leaned more towards the unsanctioned category.

DDT's submission to ''Zolotoy Kamerton'' reached the finals and the group was invited to perform in a concert at [[Moscow]]'s [[Orlyonok complex]], together with the other finalist, [[Rok-sentyabr]] (Rock-September) from [[Cherepovets]]. DDT and three members of Rock-September, [[Vyacheslav Korbin]], [[Yevgeny Belozyorov]] and [[Andrey Maslennikov]], soon produced a collaborative album (on tape), ''[[Monolog v Saigone]]'' (''Monologue in Saigon''). After recording the album, Sigachyov and Shevchuk returned to [[Ufa]].

Sigachyov distanced himself from the group, while Shevchuk recruited new members including Rodin, [[drummer]] [[Sergey Rudogo]], [[guitarist]] [[Rustam Rezvanov]] and [[Keyboard instrument|keyboard]] player [[Vladislav Strochillo]].

In May 1983, DDT successfully performed at the [[Luzhniki Stadium]] in Moscow, as part of a three-day, sanctioned festival, "[[Rok za mir]]" (Rock for Peace). Their performance, however, was edited out of the official television program covering the event.

The new collective produced the album ''[[Periferia]]'' (''Periphery'') in April 1984. After recording this album, some members of the group began to be watched and contacted by the [[KGB]]. Their music was banned, forcing them to go underground. In some ways this made them even more popular among young Soviets.

Although they never considered themselves political activists, Shevchuk always felt it his duty as a citizen and a songwriter to address not only the strengths but the weaknesses of his country's government, a stance none too popular in the U.S.S.R. DDT continued to work as a "non-conformist" group, producing albums and giving concerts throughout the Soviet Union. This was no easy feat, as they received little if any money for the records they produced during this period, and very little for their concerts as well. Like other dissident artists, they survived through a combination of cleverness, perseverance, and wit.

Shevchuk spent some time in Sverdlovsk (present-day [[Yekaterinburg]]), performing with the group [[Urfin Juis]]. In November 1985, DDT recorded the album ''Vremya'' (''Time'') in Moscow.<ref>[http://www.rockanet.ru/100/58.phtml 100 МАГНИТОАЛЬБОМОВ СОВЕТСКОГО РОКА] {{ru icon}}</ref>

In 1986, Shevchuk moved to Leningrad (now [[Saint Petersburg]]) with his wife, son and mother. This relocation also helped him to establish himself at the forefront of the Russian rock scene. In 1987 he rebuilt DDT. Its new members included:
*[[Vadim Kurylev]] — bass
*[[Andrey Vasiliev]] — guitar
*[[Igor Dotsenko]] — drums
*Nikita Zaitsev — violin, guitar
*[[Mikhail Chernov (musician)|Mikhail "Uncle Misha" Chernov]] — saxophone
*[[Andrey Muratov]] — keyboard

In June 1987, DDT performed at a St Petersburg rock-club festival. DDT performed in front of a crowd of 3,000, even though the venue's capacity was 1,000.

In the summer of 1988, DDT toured across the [[USSR]], and recorded a new album, ''[[Ottepel]]'' (''Thaw''). In 1988 they also made their first visit to the U.S., their concert in Los Angeles was covered by MTV.<ref>[http://english.ddt.ru/history/ History of DDT, Official site]</ref>

In 1989, they went on another tour with the group [[Alisa]], performing also at a rock festival in [[Hungary]]. In 1990, DDT performed several concerts in the [[United States|U.S.]] and [[Japan]]. They also performed as part of a concert in honor of [[Viktor Tsoy]]. After the U.S.S.R.'s collapse in 1991, DDT became even more popular at home and abroad, as their albums and concerts began to be broadcast and publicized widely. In 1991, DDT recorded another album, the bleak and keyboards-heavy ''[[Plastun (album)]]'' (''Crawler''), but after many months of work Shevchuk decided to shelve it; it was finally released in 1995.

In 1992 DDT released the album ''[[Aktrisa Vesna]]'' (''The Actress Spring''). This album yielded many hits, especially ''What is Autumn'' (Что такое осень). After releasing it, the band toured extensively. Soon afterwards the group changed its performance strategy by adding "programmes" - conceptually prepared concerts - to its repertoire. During December 1992 and January 1993, DDT presented its first program, ''[[Chyorny Pyos Peterburg]]'' (Black Mongrel Petersburg), and toured widely in [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] countries. On May 27, 1993, the anniversary of the founding of St. Petersburg, DDT performed a free concert on [[Palace Square|Dvortsovaya Square]].<ref>[http://www.russia-ic.com/people/general/s/424/ Yuri Shevchuk]</ref> 120,000 people attended.

During the summer of 1994, DDT took part in the rock festival [[White Nights of St. Petersburg]] in [[Berlin]]. That autumn, the group was awarded the prestigious [[Ovatsiya award]] (Ovation) for Best Rock Group of the Year. Yuri Shevchuk was also named Best Rock Musician of the Year.

In the beginning of 1995, a new album, ''[[Eto vsyo…]]'' (''That's all…''), was recorded. In January, Shevchuk went on a peace mission to [[Chechnya]], where he performed 50 concerts for both Russian troops and Chechen citizens alike.

On June 25, 1995, DDT performed a solo concert in [[Petrovsky stadium]], which attracted tens of thousands of fans.

Afterwards, the group toured with its newest programme, ''[[Ot i do]]'' (From and To). At the end of the winter of 1995–1996, the group worked in the USA. In February–March 1996, they recorded a new album, ''[[Lyubov (album)|Lyubov]]'' (''Love''), at [[Long View Farm]] in [[Massachusetts]] with two new musicians: bassist I. Tikhomirov (from the group [[Kino (band)|Kino]]) and keyboard player D. Galitsky.

In the summer of 1996, upon their return from the United States, the group headlined several festivals, including [[VladiROCKstok]], the first large-scale international music festival in the formerly closed city of [[Vladivostok]] on the Sea of Japan.

Since that time, the band has won many Russian music awards and numerous humanitarian citations for their creative and charitable work. Today, DDT is one of the most popular rock groups in Russia, and their concerts attract tens of thousands of people. Shevchuk and his group also regularly travel throughout the C.I.S. and other former Soviet republics to give benefit concerts: in the spring and summer of 2002, 10 out of 11 concerts that the band played were benefits for various social and cultural organizations. They are also reaching an ever-growing audience in the U.S. and Europe, and for the past 20 years have traveled frequently throughout the world making ever more converts to their unique sound. Shevchuk's music and lyrics are not only influenced by traditional "western" rock music, but also by the entire scope of Russian folk, classical, and religious music.<ref>[http://english.ddt.ru/history/ History of DDT, Official site]</ref> In many respects their years as an underground group shaped their philosophy towards their art. The question of their music's marketability was never part of the song writing process for there was no "market" in which to compete.

In 2005, they celebrated their 25th anniversary with an extended tour throughout Russia, Europe, and North America, and released a new CD entitled ''Пропавший без вести'' (''Vanished Without a Trace'') to huge critical acclaim.<ref>[http://english.ddt.ru/history/ History of DDT, Official site]</ref> Their most recent album, ''Прекрасная любовь'' (''Wonderful Love''), was released in 2007.

On March 3, 2008, DDT performed at the [[Dissenters' March]] in St. Petersburg to protest the controversial and possibly unfair election of [[Dmitry Medvedev]] as President of Russia. Recently, Shevchuk received considerable media attention following a pointed dialogue with Prime Minister [[Vladimir Putin]] in which he openly confronted him (on state television) with questions regarding such controversial topics as democracy, freedom of speech, assembly, and the press in Russia.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/01/world/europe/01russia.html?_r=2&scp=1&sq=Shevchuk&st=cse NY Times, Break in Protocol for a Rock Star With Putin, By MICHAEL SCHWIRTZ, May 31, 2010]</ref>

The group is currently working on a new double album at their studio in St. Petersburg, and is preparing to embark on a worldwide tour in 2011.

Shevchuk put together the first incarnation of the band in the summer of 1980, and although its members have changed over the years, Shevchuk continues to voice the concerns and frustrations of the Russian people in his music today just as he did in the band's infancy. The more than 20 albums in DDT's discography not only chronicle the history of a rock group; they are narratives that examine all aspects of life in the Soviet Union and Russia over the past 30 years.

==Discography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Transliterated title !! Original title !! Translation !! Year of release
|-
| Svinya na raduge || Свинья на радуге || Pig on a Rainbow || 1982
|-
| Kompromiss || Компромисс || Compromise || 1983
|-
| Periferiya || Периферия || Periphery || 1984
|-
| Vremya || Время || Time || 1985
|-
| Ya poluchil etu rol || Я получил эту роль || I received this role || 1988
|-
| Ottepel || Оттепель || Thaw || 1990
|-
| Plastun || Пластун || Scout ''(this is an archaic term originating with the Cossacks, see [[Plastun]])'' || 1991
|-
| Aktrisa Vesna || Актриса Весна || Actress Spring ''(here Spring is name of actress)'' || 1992
|-
| Chyorny pyos Peterburg || Чёрный пёс Петербург || Black Mongrel Petersburg (live album)|| 1993
|-
| Eto vsyo || Это всё || This is Everything ''(or: This is All)'' || 1994
|-
| Lyubov || Любовь || Love || 1996
|-
| Rozhdyonny v SSSR || Рождённый в СССР || Born in the USSR || 1997
|-
| Mir nomer nol (Single) || Мир номер ноль || World number zero (single) || 1998
|-
| Mir nomer nol || Мир номер ноль || World number zero || 1999
|-
| Prosvistela || Просвистела || (It) whistled by (compilation)|| 1999
|-
| Metel avgusta || Метель Августа || Snowstorm of August || 2000
|-
| Yedinochestvo I || Единочество I || Oneliness|| 2002
|-
| Yedinochestvo II. Zhivoy. || Единочество II. Живой. || Oneliness II. Alive. || 2003
|-
| Pesni || Песни || Songs (re-mixed hits) || 2003
|-
| Gorod bez okon. Vkhod. || Город без окон. Вход. || City with no windows. Entrance. (live album)|| 2004
|-
| Gorod bez okon. Vykhod. || Город без окон. Выход. || City with no windows. Exit. (live album)|| 2004
|-
| Propavshy bez vesti || Пропавший без вести || Vanished without a trace ''(Also: Missing in action)'' || 2005
|-
| Prekrasnaya lyubov || Прекрасная любовь || Wonderful love || 2007
|-
| Ne strelyay || Не стреляй! || Don't Shoot! (compilation) || 2008
|}

==References==
<references />

==External links==
{{Commons cat|DDT (band)}}
*{{official|http://english.ddt.ru/}}
*{{musicbrainz artist|id=f7456b5b-e5a5-454e-b5db-047308210c8e|name=DDT}}
*{{last.fm|ДДТ|DDT}}
*[http://russmus.net/band.jsp?band=DDT DDT at Russmus]
*[http://antrakt.ng.ru/timeplace/2008-10-03/11_ddt.html Oct 2008 News article in NG Antrakt discussing Shevchuk's activism]
*[http://www.religare.ru/2_41464.html May 2007 Interview with Shevchuk in Religare publication]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/3568405.stm March 2004 Article on DDT in BBC News]

{{DEFAULTSORT:DDT}}
[[Category:Russian rock music groups]]

[[be:ДДТ, рок-гурт]]
[[bg:ДДТ (група)]]
[[ca:DDT (grup)]]
[[cs:DDT (rocková skupina)]]
[[de:DDT (Band)]]
[[fr:DDT (groupe)]]
[[ka:DDT (ჯგუფი)]]
[[lt:DDT (grupė)]]
[[pl:DDT (rosyjska grupa muzyczna)]]
[[ru:ДДТ (группа)]]
[[fi:DDT (yhtye)]]
[[sv:DDT (musikgrupp)]]
[[uk:ДДТ (гурт)]]

DDT (band)

2011-05-03T11:45:05Z

Luch4: /* Discography */

: ''For other uses: see [[DDT (disambiguation)]].''
{{Infobox musical artist 
| Name = DDT
| Img = Jurij-sjevtjuk-2007-08-14 (18.09.2008 edit).jpg
| Img_capt = Yuri Shevchuk in 2007
| Img_size = 
| Landscape =
| Background = group_or_band
| Birth_name =
| Alias =
| Born =
| Died =
| Origin = [[USSR]], [[Russia]]
| Instrument =
| Genre = [[Hard rock]]
| Occupation =
| Years_active = 1980–present
| Label = Teatr DDT
| Associated_acts =
| URL = http://www.ddt.ru
| Current_members = [[Yuri Shevchuk]] Pavel Borisov Aleksey Fedichev Tyoma Mamai Konstantin Shumaylov Ivan Vasilyev
| Past_members = Vladimir Sigachov Rustem Asanbayev Rustam Karimov Gennady Rodin Nikita Zaytsev Andrey Vasilyev Sergey Ryjenko Igor Dotsenko Mikhail Chernov
| Notable_instruments =
}}
'''DDT''' (or '''ДДТ''' in [[Cyrillic]]) is a popular [[Russia]]n [[rock band]] founded by its lead singer, [[Yuri Shevchuk]] (Юрий Шевчук), in [[Ufa]] ([[RSFSR]]) in [[1980]]. It is one of the most successful and prolific Russian musical groups of the 20th and 21st centuries.

==History==
The band was formed in 1980<ref>[http://english.ddt.ru/history/ History of DDT, Official site]</ref> and originally consisted of 5 members:
* [[Yuri Shevchuk]] — vocals, guitar
* [[Vladimir Sigachyov]] — keyboard
* [[Rustem Asanbayev]] — guitar
* [[Gennady Rodin]] — bass
* [[Rustam Karimov]] — percussion<ref>[http://www.russia-ic.com/people/general/s/424/ Yuri Shevchuk]</ref>

In 1982, ''[[Komsomolskaya Pravda]]'' paper declared a competition for young music performers called ''[[Zolotoy Kamerton]]'' (Golden Tuning Fork). DDT submitted three compositions - "Inoplanetyane" (Aliens), "Chyornoye solntse" (Black Sun), and "Ne strelyai" (Don't Shoot). During the long-running competition, the group published their first album (on tape), ''[[Svinya na raduge]]'' (Pig on a Rainbow). The album contained elements of [[rock and roll]], [[blues]] and [[country music]]. During this time Russian popular music was divided between sanctioned "official" performers who were admitted to the musicians union, and unofficial artists. Unofficial artists were often highly trained musicians who also had other jobs. A complex underground network evolved in the 1980s and "unofficial" music became widely distributed (although, of course, without any compensation for the artists), in a similar way to the underground channels that had existed for non-state sanctioned literature ([[samizdat]]). Such "underground" artists became widely known, and their unofficial albums were sometimes mentioned in the press. In the 1980s, DDT straddled the line between underground and sanctioned artists, but leaned more towards the unsanctioned category.

DDT's submission to ''Zolotoy Kamerton'' reached the finals and the group was invited to perform in a concert at [[Moscow]]'s [[Orlyonok complex]], together with the other finalist, [[Rok-sentyabr]] (Rock-September) from [[Cherepovets]]. DDT and three members of Rock-September, [[Vyacheslav Korbin]], [[Yevgeny Belozyorov]] and [[Andrey Maslennikov]], soon produced a collaborative album (on tape), ''[[Monolog v Saigone]]'' (Monologue in Saigon). After recording the album, Sigachyov and Shevchuk returned to [[Ufa]].

Sigachyov distanced himself from the group, while Shevchuk recruited new members including Rodin, [[drummer]] [[Sergey Rudogo]], [[guitarist]] [[Rustam Rezvanov]] and [[Keyboard instrument|keyboard]] player [[Vladislav Strochillo]].

In May 1983, DDT successfully performed at the [[Luzhniki Stadium]] in Moscow, as part of a three-day, sanctioned festival, "[[Rok za mir]]" (Rock for Peace). Their performance, however, was edited out of the official television program covering the event.

The new collective produced the album ''[[Periferia]]'' (Periphery) in April 1984. After recording this album, some members of the group began to be watched and contacted by the [[KGB]]. Their music was banned, forcing them to go underground. In some ways this made them even more popular among young Soviets.

Although they never considered themselves political activists, Shevchuk always felt it his duty as a citizen and a songwriter to address not only the strengths but the weaknesses of his country's government, a stance none too popular in the U.S.S.R. DDT continued to work as a "non-conformist" group, producing albums and giving concerts throughout the Soviet Union. This was no easy feat, as they received little if any money for the records they produced during this period, and very little for their concerts as well. Like other dissident artists, they survived through a combination of cleverness, perseverance, and wit.

Shevchuk spent some time in Sverdlovsk (present-day [[Yekaterinburg]]), performing with the group [[Urfin Juis]]. In November 1985, DDT recorded the album ''[[Vremya]]'' (Time) in Moscow.<ref>[http://www.rockanet.ru/100/58.phtml (in Russian) 100 МАГНИТОАЛЬБОМОВ СОВЕТСКОГО РОКА]</ref>

In 1986, Shevchuk moved to Leningrad (now [[Saint Petersburg]]) with his wife, son and mother. This relocation also helped him to establish himself at the forefront of the Russian rock scene. In 1987 he rebuilt DDT. Its new members included:
*Nikita Zaitsev — guitar
*[[Vadim Kurylev]] — bass
*[[Andrey Vasiliev]] — guitar
*[[Igor Dotsenko]] — drums
*[[Andrey Muratov]] — keyboard
*[[Mikhail Chernov (musician)|Mikhail Chernov]] — saxophone

In June 1987, DDT performed at a St Petersburg rock-club festival. DDT performed in front of a crowd of 3,000, even though the venue's capacity was 1,000.

In the summer of 1988, DDT toured across the [[USSR]], and recorded a new album, ''[[Ottepel]]'' (Thaw). In 1988 they also made their first visit to the U.S., their concert in Los Angeles was covered by MTV.<ref>[http://english.ddt.ru/history/ History of DDT, Official site]</ref>

In 1989, they went on another tour with the group [[Alisa]], performing also at a rock festival in [[Hungary]]. In 1990, DDT performed several concerts in the [[United States|U.S.]] and [[Japan]]. They also performed as part of a concert in honor of [[Viktor Tsoy]]. After the U.S.S.R.'s collapse in 1991, DDT became even more popular at home and abroad, as their albums and concerts began to be broadcast and publicized widely. In 1991, DDT released another album, ''[[Plastun]]'' (Scout). The next album followed in the spring of the same year, ''[[Aktrisa Vesna]]'' (Actress of Spring).

Soon afterwards the group changed its performance strategy by adding programmes to its repertoire: well-prepared, conceptually prepared concerts. During December 1992 and January 1993, DDT presented its first program, ''[[Chyorny Pyos Peterburg]]'' (Black Mongrel Petersburg), and toured widely in [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] countries. On May 27, 1993, the anniversary of the founding of St. Petersburg, DDT performed a free concert on [[Dvortsovaya Square]].<ref>[http://www.russia-ic.com/people/general/s/424/ Yuri Shevchuk]</ref> 120,000 people attended.

During the summer of 1994, DDT took part in the rock festival [[White Nights of St. Petersburg]] in [[Berlin]]. That autumn, the group was awarded the prestigious [[Ovatsiya award]] (Ovation) for Best Rock Group of the Year. Yuri Shevchuk was also named Best Rock Musician of the Year.

In the beginning of 1995, a new album, ''[[Eto vsyo…]]'' (That's all…). was recorded. In January, Shevchuk went on a peace mission to [[Chechnya]], where he performed 50 concerts for both Russian troops and Chechen citizens alike.

On June 25, 1995, DDT performed a solo concert in [[Petrovsky stadium]], which attracted tens of thousands of fans.

Afterwards, the group toured with its newest programme, ''[[Ot i do]]'' (From and To). At the end of the winter of 1995–1996, the group worked in the USA. In February–March 1996, they recorded a new album, ''[[Lyubov (album)|Lyubov]]'' (Love), at [[Long View Farm]] in [[Massachusetts]] with two new musicians: bassist I. Tikhomirov (from the group [[Kino (band)|Kino]]) and keyboard player D. Galitsky.

In the summer of 1996, upon their return from the United States, the group headlined several festivals, including [[VladiROCKstok]], the first large-scale international music festival in the formerly closed city of [[Vladivostok]] on the Sea of Japan.

Since that time, the band has won many Russian music awards and numerous humanitarian citations for their creative and charitable work. Today, DDT is one of the most popular rock groups in Russia, and their concerts attract tens of thousands of people. Shevchuk and his group also regularly travel throughout the C.I.S. and other former Soviet republics to give benefit concerts: in the spring and summer of 2002, 10 out of 11 concerts that the band played were benefits for various social and cultural organizations. They are also reaching an ever-growing audience in the U.S. and Europe, and for the past 20 years have traveled frequently throughout the world making ever more converts to their unique sound. Shevchuk's music and lyrics are not only influenced by traditional "western" rock music, but also by the entire scope of Russian folk, classical, and religious music.<ref>[http://english.ddt.ru/history/ History of DDT, Official site]</ref> In many respects their years as an underground group shaped their philosophy towards their art. The question of their music's marketability was never part of the song writing process for there was no "market" in which to compete.

In 2005, they celebrated their 25th anniversary with an extended tour throughout Russia, Europe, and North America, and released a new CD entitled "Пропавший без вести" (Vanished Without a Trace) to huge critical acclaim.<ref>[http://english.ddt.ru/history/ History of DDT, Official site]</ref> Their most recent album, "Прекрасная любовь" (Wonderful love), was released in 2007.

On March 3, 2008, DDT performed at the [[Dissenters' March]] in St. Petersburg to protest the controversial and possibly unfair election of [[Dmitry Medvedev]] as President of Russia. Recently, Shevchuk received considerable media attention following a pointed dialogue with Prime Minister Vladimir Putin in which he openly confronted him (on state television) with questions regarding such controversial topics as democracy, freedom of speech, assembly, and the press in Russia.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/01/world/europe/01russia.html?_r=2&scp=1&sq=Shevchuk&st=cse NY Times, Break in Protocol for a Rock Star With Putin, By MICHAEL SCHWIRTZ, May 31, 2010]</ref>

The group is currently working on a new double album at their studio in St. Petersburg, and is preparing to embark on a worldwide tour in 2011.

Shevchuk put together the first incarnation of the band in the summer of 1980, and although its members have changed over the years, Shevchuk continues to voice the concerns and frustrations of the Russian people in his music today just as he did in the band's infancy. The more than 20 albums in DDT's discography not only chronicle the history of a rock group; they are narratives that examine all aspects of life in the Soviet Union and Russia over the past 30 years.

==Discography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Transliterated title !! Original title !! Translation !! Year of release
|-
| Svinya na raduge || Свинья на радуге || Pig on a Rainbow || 1982
|-
| Kompromiss || Компромисс || Compromise || 1983
|-
| Periferiya || Периферия || Periphery || 1984
|-
| Vremya || Время || Time || 1985
|-
| Ya poluchil etu rol || Я получил эту роль || I received this role || 1988
|-
| Ottepel || Оттепель || Thaw || 1990
|-
| Plastun || Пластун || Scout ''(this is an archaic term originating with the Cossacks, see [[Plastun]])'' || 1991
|-
| Aktrisa Vesna || Актриса Весна || Actress Spring ''(here Spring is name of actress)'' || 1992
|-
| Chyorny pyos Peterburg || Чёрный пёс Петербург || Black Mongrel Petersburg || 1993
|-
| Eto vsyo || Это всё || This is Everything ''(or: This is All)'' || 1994
|-
| Lyubov || Любовь || Love || 1996
|-
| Rozhdyonny v SSSR || Рождённый в СССР || Born in the USSR || 1997
|-
| Mir nomer nol (Single) || Мир номер ноль || World number zero (Single) || 1998
|-
| Mir nomer nol || Мир номер ноль || World number zero || 1999
|-
| Prosvistela || Просвистела || (It) whistled by || 1999
|-
| Metel avgusta || Метель Августа || Snowstorm of August || 2000
|-
| Yedinochestvo I || Единочество I || Oneliness|| 2002
|-
| Yedinochestvo II. Zhivoy. || Единочество II. Живой. || Oneliness II. Alive. || 2003
|-
| Pesni || Песни || Songs (greatest hits) || 2003 ||
|-
| Gorod bez okon. Vkhod. || Город без окон. Вход. || City with no windows. Entrance. (compilation)|| 2004
|-
| Gorod bez okon. Vykhod. || Город без окон. Выход. || City with no windows. Exit. (compilation)|| 2004
|-
| Propavshy bez vesti || Пропавший без вести || Vanished without a trace ''(Also: Missing in action)'' || 2005
|-
| Prekrasnaya lyubov || Прекрасная любовь || Wonderful love || 2007
|-
| Ne strelyay || Не стреляй || Don't Shoot || 2008
|}

==References==
<references />

==External links==
{{Commons cat|DDT (band)}}
*{{official|http://english.ddt.ru/}}
*{{musicbrainz artist|id=f7456b5b-e5a5-454e-b5db-047308210c8e|name=DDT}}
*{{last.fm|ДДТ|DDT}}
*[http://russmus.net/band.jsp?band=DDT DDT at Russmus]
*[http://antrakt.ng.ru/timeplace/2008-10-03/11_ddt.html Oct 2008 News article in NG Antrakt discussing Shevchuk's activism]
*[http://www.religare.ru/2_41464.html May 2007 Interview with Shevchuk in Religare publication]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/3568405.stm March 2004 Article on DDT in BBC News]

{{DEFAULTSORT:DDT}}
[[Category:Russian rock music groups]]

[[be:ДДТ, рок-гурт]]
[[bg:ДДТ (група)]]
[[ca:DDT (grup)]]
[[cs:DDT (rocková skupina)]]
[[de:DDT (Band)]]
[[fr:DDT (groupe)]]
[[ka:DDT (ჯგუფი)]]
[[lt:DDT (grupė)]]
[[pl:DDT (rosyjska grupa muzyczna)]]
[[ru:ДДТ (группа)]]
[[fi:DDT (yhtye)]]
[[sv:DDT (musikgrupp)]]
[[uk:ДДТ (гурт)]]

List of disasters in the United States by death toll

2011-04-29T11:15:17Z

Luch4: disexamplecation

'''List of United States disasters by death toll''' is a list of notable disasters which occurred in the [[United States]] or involved U.S. citizens, in a definable incident.

Due to [[inflation]], the monetary damage estimates are not comparable. Unless otherwise noted, the year given is the year in which the currency's valuation was calculated.

This list is not comprehensive in general, and [[epidemic]]s are not included.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Type
!Fatalities
!Damage ([[United States Dollar|US$]])
!Article
!Location
!Comments
|-
| 1900
| [[Cyclone]]
| 6,000-12,000
|
| [[Galveston Hurricane of 1900]]
| [[Texas]]
| Fatalities estimated - remains deadliest natural disaster in North American history.
|-
| 1906
| [[Earthquake]] and [[Fire]] (urban conflagration)
| 3,000-6,000
|
| [[1906 San Francisco Earthquake]]
| [[California]]
| Conflagration followed quake; fatalities estimated
|-
| 1928
| [[Cyclone]]
| 3,000
| $800,000,000 (2005)
| [[1928 Okeechobee Hurricane]]
| [[Leeward Islands]], [[Puerto Rico]], the [[Bahamas]], and [[Florida]]
| 4,078+ believed dead total. About 2,500 died in Florida and 500 in the U.S. possession of Puerto Rico.
|-
| 2001
| [[Terrorism]]
| 2,973
|
| [[September 11, 2001 attacks]]
| [[New York City]], [[Arlington, VA]], [[Pennsylvania]], U.S. [[airspace]]
| 2,973 victims and 19 hijackers.
|-
| 1889
| [[Accident]] - [[Dam]] burst
| 2,209
|
| [[Johnstown Flood]]
| [[Pennsylvania]]
| Much rain, deforestation; dam failed
|-
| 1893
| [[Cyclone]]
| 2,000
|
| [[1893 Cheniere Caminada Hurricane]]
| [[Louisiana]]
| Fatalities estimated
|-
| 2005
| [[Cyclone]]
| 1,836
| $84,000,000,000 (2006)
| [[Hurricane Katrina]]
| [[Florida]], [[Louisiana]], [[Mississippi]], [[Alabama]]
|
|-
| 1865
| [[Accident]] - [[Shipwreck]]
| 1,700
|
| [[Sultana (steamboat)]]
| [[Mississippi River]] near [[Memphis, Tennessee]]
| Steamboat sank due to boiler explosion; fatalities estimated
|-
| 1980
| [[Heat wave]]
| 1,700
|
| [[1980 United States heat wave]]
| Central and southern states
| Official death toll, may have been higher
|-
| 1912
| [[Accident]] - [[Shipwreck]]
| 1,490-1,522
|
| [[RMS Titanic]]
| [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| Bound for [[New York City]]
|-
| 1871
| [[Fire]] (rural)
| 1,200-2,500
|
| [[Peshtigo Fire]]
| [[Peshtigo, Wisconsin]]
| Fatalities estimated; most deaths in single fire in U.S. history
|-
| 1904
| [[Accident]] - [[Shipwreck]]
| 1,021
|
| [[PS General Slocum]]
| [[East River]] near [[New York City]]
| Steamship sank due to fire on board
|-
| 1893
| [[Cyclone]]
| 1,000-2,000
|
| [[1893 Sea Islands Hurricane]]
| [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[South Carolina]]
| Fatalities estimated
|-
| 1915
| [[Accident]] - [[Shipwreck]]
| 845
|
| S.S. [[Eastland]]
| [[Chicago, Illinois]]
|
|-
| 1995
| [[Heat wave]]
| 739
|
| [[Chicago Heat Wave of 1995]]
| [[Chicago, Illinois]]
|
|-
| 1925
| [[Tornado]]
| 695-727
| $1,650,000,000 (2005)
| [[Tri-State Tornado]]
| [[Missouri]], [[Illinois]] and [[Indiana]] ([[Kentucky]], [[Tennessee]])
| Lower number for single 3-state tornado; higher for 5-state outbreak
|-
| 1903
| [[Fire]] (building)
| 602
|
| [[Iroquois Theatre Fire]]
| [[Chicago, Illinois]]
|
|-
| 1919
| [[Cyclone]]
| 600
|
| [[1919 Florida Keys Hurricane]]
| [[Florida]], [[Texas]]
|
|-
| 1928
| [[Accident]] - [[Dam]] failure
| 600
|
| [[St. Francis Dam]]
| [[Santa Clarita, California]] (Greater Los Angeles area)
|
|-
| 1938
| [[Cyclone]]
| 600
|
| [[Great New England Hurricane]]
|
|
|-
| 1947
| [[Accident]] - [[Explosion]]
| 581
|
| [[Texas City Disaster]]
| [[Texas City, Texas]]
| Ammonium nitrate onboard ship
|-
| 1942
| [[Fire]] (building)
| 492
|
| [[Cocoanut Grove fire]]
| [[Boston, Massachusetts]]
| Nightclub
|-
| 1918
| [[Fire]] (rural)
| 453
| $7,300,000
| [[1918 Cloquet Fire]]
| [[Minnesota]]
|
|-
| 1913
| [[Flood]]
| 428
|
| [[Floods in the United States: 1901–2000#Ohio Flood – March 1913|1913 (Ohio) Statewide Flood]]
| Southwest, Central, and Eastern [[Ohio]]
|
|-
| 1935
| [[Cyclone]]
| 423
|
| [[Labor Day Hurricane of 1935]]
| [[Florida]]
|
|-
| 1860
| [[Accident]] - [[Shipwreck]]
| 400
|
| [[PS Lady Elgin]]
| [[Chicago, Illinois]]
|
|-
| 1888
| [[Blizzard]]
| 400
|
| [[Great Blizzard of 1888]]
| Northeast
| Fatalities estimated
|-
| 1857
| [[Shipwreck]]
| 400
|
| [[SS Central America]], 1857
| Off the coast of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| Fatalities estimated
|-
| 1894
| [[Fire]] (rural)
| 400
|
| [[Great Hinckley Fire]]
| [[Hinckley, Minnesota]] and vicinity
|
|-
| 1937
| [[Flood]]
| 385
| $5,000,000,000
| [[Ohio River flood of 1937]]
| [[Ohio]], [[Kentucky]], [[Indiana]], [[Illinois]]
|
|-
| 1907
| [[Accident]] - [[Coal mine]]
| 362
|
| [[Monongah Mining disaster]]
| [[Monongah, West Virginia]]
|
|-
| 1913
| [[Flood]]
| 361
|
| [[Great Dayton Flood]]
| [[Dayton, Ohio]]
| Flood was created by a series of three winter storms that hit the region in March, 1913
|-
| 1950
| [[Blizzard]]
| 353
| $66,700,000 (1950)
| [[Great Appalachian Storm of November 1950]]
| Eastern US States
|
|-
| 1930
| [[Fire]] (building)
| 322
|
| [[Ohio Penitentiary]]
| [[Columbus, OH]]
|
|-
| 1944
| [[Accident]] - [[Explosion]]
| 320
|
| [[Port Chicago disaster]]
| [[Port Chicago, California]] ([[San Francisco Bay Area]])
| WWII ammunition ignited
|-
| 1974
| [[Tornado]]
| 315
|
| [[Super Outbreak]]
| [[Ontario]], [[Illinois]], [[Indiana]], [[Michigan]], [[Ohio]], [[Kentucky]], [[Tennessee]], [[Alabama]], [[Mississippi]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[North Carolina]], [[Virginia]], [[West Virginia]] and [[New York]]
| 148 tornadoes
|-
| 1865
| [[Accident]] - [[Explosion]]
| 300
|
| [[Mobile magazine explosion]]
| [[Mobile, Alabama]]
| Civil War ammunition
|-
| 1937
| [[Accident]] - [[Explosion]]
| 296-319
| $13,000,000 (2003)
| [[New London School explosion]]
| [[New London, Texas]]
| Gas leak
|-
| 1881
| [[Fire]] (rural)
| 282
| $2,347,000
| [[Thumb Fire]]
| [[Michigan]]
|
|-
| 1898
| [[Explosion]]
| 274
|
| [[USS Maine (ACR-1)|USS ''Maine'']]
| [[Havana, Cuba]]
| A major event that precipitated the [[Spanish–American War]]. Exact cause remains unknown.
|-
| 1979
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 273
|
| [[American Airlines Flight 191]]
| [[Chicago, Illinois]]
| Worst aviation accident in US history
|-
| 1965
| [[Tornado]]
| 271
|
| [[1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak|Palm Sunday Tornado Outbreak]]
| [[Iowa]], [[Ohio]], [[Michigan]], [[Indiana]]
| 78 tornadoes
|-
| 1999
| [[Heat wave]]
| 271
|
|
| [[Midwest]] and [[Northeastern United States|Northeast]]
|
|-
| 2001
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 265
|
| [[American Airlines Flight 587]]
| [[Queens, New York]]
|
|-
| 1913
| [[Accident]] - [[Coal mine]]
| 263
|
|
| [[Dawson, New Mexico]]
|
|-
| 1909
| [[Accident]] - [[Coal mine]]
| 259
|
| [[Cherry Mine Disaster]]
| [[Cherry, Illinois]]
|
|-
| 1937
| [[Accident]] - [[Coal mine]]
| 257
|
|
| [[Grundy, Virginia]]
|
|-
| 1969
| [[Cyclone]]
| 256
|
| [[Hurricane Camille]]
| [[Mississippi]], [[Alabama]] and [[Virginia]]
|
|-
| 1896
| [[Tornado]]
| 255-400
| $2,900,000,000 (1997)
| [[St. Louis-East St. Louis Tornado]]
| [[Missouri]]
|
|-
| 1913
| [[Blizzard]]
| 250
|
| [[Great Lakes Storm of 1913]]
|
| Fatalities estimated
|-
| 1913
| [[Storm]]
| 250
| $5,000,000 (1913)
| [[Great Lakes Storm of 1913]]
| [[Great Lakes]] area
| Financial impact for lost vessels and cargo only
|-
| 1927
| [[Flood]]
| 246
| $400,000,000
| [[Great Mississippi Flood of 1927]]
| [[Arkansas]], [[Illinois]], [[Kentucky]], [[Louisiana]], [[Mississippi]], and [[Tennessee]]
|
|-
| 1972
| [[Flood]]
| 238
| $160,000,000 (1972) $664,000,000 (2002)
| [[Floods in the United States: 1901–2000#Rapid City, South Dakota Flood – June 1972|1972 Rapid City Flood]]
| [[Rapid City, South Dakota]]
| Average rainfall over area of 60 mi² measured at 10-{{convert|15|in|mm}}, over 6 hours in middle of night June 9–10, 1972.
|-
| 1996
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 230
|
| [[TWA Flight 800]]
| [[Atlantic Ocean]] near [[Long Island]], [[New York]]
|
|-
| 1999
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 217
|
| [[EgyptAir Flight 990]]
| [[Atlantic Ocean]] near [[Nantucket]], [[Massachusetts]]
|
|-
| 1940
| [[Fire]] (building)
| 209
|
| [[Rhythm Club Fire]]
| [[Natchez, MS]]
|
|-
| 1871
| [[Fire]] (urban conflagration)
| 200-300
|
| [[Great Chicago fire]]
| [[Chicago, Illinois]]
| Fatalities estimated; 125 bodies recovered
|-
| 1900
| [[Accident]] - [[Coal mine]]
| 200
|
| [[Scofield mine disaster]]
| [[Scofield, Utah]]
|
|-
| 1898
| [[Accident]] - [[Shipwreck]]
| 192
|
| [[Portland (shipwreck)|The Portland]]
| [[Gloucester, Massachusetts]]
| |
|-
| 1908
| [[Fire]] (building)
| 174
|
| [[Collinwood school fire]]
| [[Cleveland, OH]]
|
|-
| 1908
| [[Fire]] (building)
| 171
|
| [[Rhoads Opera House]]
| [[Boyertown, PA]]
| The incident spurred the Pennsylvania legislature into passing new legislative standards for doors, landings, lighting, curtains, fire extinguishers, aisles, marked exits, and doors. All doors were required to open outward and remain unlocked. Pennsylvania governor Edwin Stuart signed Pennsylvania’s first fire law on May 3, 1909. (Sources conflict on number of fatalities: 170 or 171. The plaque that was placed in the old location of the Opera House to commemorate the event states 171 deaths - see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Boyertown_Opera_House_Plaque.JPG image].)
|-
| 1995
| [[Terrorism]]
| 168
|
| [[Oklahoma City bombing]]
| [[Oklahoma City, Oklahoma]]
|
|-
| 1944
| [[Fire]] (building)
| 168
|
| [[Hartford circus fire]]
| [[Hartford, CT]]
|
|-
| 1977
| [[Fire]] (building)
| 165
|
| [[Beverly Hills Supper Club fire]]
| [[Southgate, Kentucky]] near [[Cincinnati, OH]]
|
|-
| 1946
| [[Tsunami]] and [[Earthquake]]
| 165
|
| [[Aleutian Island earthquake]]
| [[Alaska]] and [[Hawaii]]
|
|-
| 1987
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 156
|
| [[Northwest Airlines Flight 255]]
| [[Detroit, MI]]
|
|-
| 1911
| [[Fire]] (building)
| 148
|
| [[Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire]]
| [[New York City]]
|
|-
| 1976
| [[Flood]]
| 145
|
| [[Floods in the United States: 1901–2000#Big Thompson Canyon Flood (July 1976)|Big Thompson Canyon Flood of 1976]]
| [[Colorado]]
|
|-
| 1978
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 144
|
| [[PSA Flight 182]]
| [[San Diego, CA]]
|
|-
| 1985
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 135
|
| [[Delta Air Lines Flight 191]]
| [[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport]], [[Texas]]
|
|-
| 1960
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 134
|
| [[1960 New York air disaster]]
| [[New York City]]
|
|-
| 1994
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 132
|
| [[US Air Flight 427]]
| [[Pittsburgh, PA]]
|
|-
| 1944
| [[Accident]] - [[Explosion]]
| 130
| $7,000,000- $15,000,000
| [[Cleveland East Ohio Gas Explosion]]
| [[Cleveland, Ohio]]
|
|-
| 1956
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 128
|
| [[1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision]]
| [[Grand Canyon, AZ]]
| Parts of wreckage still visible
|-
| 1972
| [[Accident]] - [[Dam]] burst
| 125
|
| [[Buffalo Creek Flood]]
| [[Logan County, West Virginia]]
|
|-
| 2004
| [[Cyclone]]
| 124
| $19,000,000,000 (2005)
| [[Hurricane Ivan]]
| [[Texas]], [[Florida]], East Coast
|
|-
| 1929
| [[Fire]] (building)
| 123
|
| [[Cleveland Clinic fire of 1929]]
| [[Cleveland, OH]]
|
|-
| 2005
| [[Cyclone]]
| 120
| $10,000,000,000 (2005)
| [[Hurricane Rita]]
| [[Louisiana]]
|
|-
| 1946
| [[Fire]] (building)
| 119
|
| [[Winecoff Hotel]]
| [[Atlanta, GA]]
|
|-
| 1938
| [[Flood]]
| 115
|
| [[Los Angeles Flood of 1938]]
| [[Los Angeles, California]]
|
|-
| 1964
| [[Tsunami]] and [[Earthquake]]
| 115
| $1,800,000,000 (2006)
| [[Good Friday Earthquake]]
| [[Alaska]], [[Hawaii]], [[Oregon]], [[California]], [[British Columbia]]
|
|-
| 1837
|[[Accident]] - [[Shipwreck]]
| 115
|
| Wreck of the ''Mexico''
| [[Long Beach, New York]]
| Eight people rescued from shore. One hundred fifteen crew and passengers (mostly Irish immigrants, and many of them women and children) froze to death on the deck of the ship just 200 yards from shore. See book: "Water and Ice: The Tragic Wrecks of the ''Bristol'' and the ''Mexico'' on the South Shore of Long Island" @ [http://www.Lynhistory.com www.Lynhistory.com] The wreck of the ''Mexico'' is the subject of Walt Whitman's poem, "[http://bailiwick.lib.uiowa.edu/whitman/sleepers/ Sleepers]" in ''Leaves of Grass''.
|-
| 1953
| [[Tornado]]
| 114
|
|
| [[Waco, TX]]
|
|-
| 1981
| [[Accident]] - collapse
| 114
|
| [[Hyatt Regency walkway collapse]]
| [[Kansas City, Missouri]]
|
|-
| 1975
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 113
|
| [[Eastern Air Lines Flight 66]]
| [[New York City, NY]]
|
|-
| 1947
| [[Accident]] - [[Coal mine]]
| 111
|
| [[Centralia mine disaster]]
| [[Centralia, Illinois]]
|
|-
| 1971
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 111
|
| [[Alaska Airlines Flight 1866]]
| [[Juneau, Alaska]]
|
|-
| 1989
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 111
|
| [[United Airlines Flight 232]]
| [[Sioux City, Iowa]]
|
|-
| 1996
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 110
|
| [[ValuJet Flight 592]]
| [[Florida Everglades]]
|
|-
| 1869
| [[Accident]] - [[Coal mine]]
| 108
|
| [[Avondale Mine Disaster]]
| [[Plymouth, Pennsylvania]]
|
|-
| | 1918
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 101
|
| [[Great train wreck of 1918]]
| [[Nashville, Tennessee]]
|
|-
| 1972
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 101
|
| [[Eastern Air Lines Flight 401]]
| [[Miami, FL]]
|
|-
| 1978
| [[Blizzard]]
| 100
| $1,075,000,000 (2010)
| [[Northeastern United States Blizzard of 1978]]
| Northeast
| Fatalities Estimated
|
|-
| 2003
| [[Fire]] (building)
| 100
|
| [[The Station nightclub fire]]
| [[West Warwick, Rhode Island|West Warwick]], [[Rhode Island]]
| 4th-deadliest nightclub fire in U.S. history, killing 100 people and injuring more than 200.
|-
| 1922
| Roof collapse (snow)
| 98
|
|[[Knickerbocker Theatre]]
| [[Washington, D.C.]]
|
|-
| 1904
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 97
|
| [[Eden train wreck]]
| [[Pueblo, CO]]
|
|-
| 1910
| [[Avalanche]]
| 96
|
| [[Wellington avalanche]]
| [[Wellington, Washington]]
|
|-
| 1962
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 95
|
| [[American Airlines Flight 1]]
| [[New York City, NY]]
|
|-
| 1958
| [[Fire]] (building)
| 95
|
| [[Our Lady of the Angels School Fire]]
| [[Chicago, IL]]
|
|-
| 1918
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 93
|
| [[Malbone Street Wreck]]
| [[Brooklyn, New York]]
|
|-
| 1876
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 92
|
| [[Ashtabula River Railroad Disaster]]
| [[Ashtabula, Ohio]]
|
|-
| 1974
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 92
|
| [[TWA Flight 514]]
| [[Berryville, Virginia|Berryville]], [[Virginia]]
|
|-
| 1990
| [[Fire]] (building)
| 87
|
| [[Happy Land Fire]]
| [[New York City]]
|
|-
| 1910
| [[Fire]] (rural)
| 86
|
| [[Great Fire of 1910]]
| [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]], [[Idaho]], [[Montana]]
|
|-
| 1918
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 86
|
| [[Hammond Circus Train Wreck]]
| [[Hammond, Indiana]]
|
|-
|1993
| [[Dawn raid|Raid]] - [[Fire]]
|86
|
| [[Waco Siege]]
|Branch Davidian Complex, [[Waco, TX]]
| 6 Davidians and 4 police killed in initial raid, 76 Davidians died in assault weeks later when building was set on fire.
|-
| 1968
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 85
|
| [[United Airlines Flight 629]]
| [[Dawson, TX]]
|
|-
| 1951
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 85
|
| [[Woodbridge train wreck]]
| [[Woodbridge, New Jersey]]
|
|-
| 1980
| [[Fire]] (building)
| 84
|
| [[MGM Grand Hotel fire]]
| [[Las Vegas, NV]]
|
|-
| 1965
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 84
|
| [[Eastern Air Lines Flight 663]]
| [[New York City, NY]]
|
|-
| 1969
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 83
|
| Airplane collision involving an [[Allegheny Airlines]] [[DC-9]]
| [[Shelby County, Indiana]]
| A Piper Cherokee 140, piloted by a student who was a week away from getting his private pilot's license, collided with an Allegheny Airlines DC-9. The flight originated in Boston and had stopped in Baltimore and Cincinnati.<ref name="indystar1">[http://www2.indystar.com/library/factfiles/history/disasters/planecrashes.html Indiana Plane Crashes]</ref>
|-
| 1967
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 82
|
| [[Piedmont Airlines Flight 22]]
| [[Hendersonville, NC]]
|
|-
| 1986
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 82
|
| [[Aeromexico Flight 498]]
| [[Cerritos, CA]]
|
|-
| 1887
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 81-85
|
| [[Great Chatsworth Train Wreck]]
| [[Chatsworth, Illinois]]
|
|-
| 1963
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 81
|
| [[Pan Am Flight 214]]
| [[Elkton, Maryland]]
| Lightning strike
|-
| 1993
| [[Blizzard]]
| 79-300
| $6,600,000,00
| [[1993 Storm of the Century|Storm of the Century]]
| East Coast of North and Central America
|
|-
| 1943
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 79
|
| [[Frankford Junction train wreck]]
| [[Philadelphia, PA]]
|
|-
| 1982
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 78
|
| [[Air Florida Flight 90]]
| [[Washington, D.C.]]
|
|-
| 1968
| [[Accident]] - [[Coal mine]]
| 78
|
| [[Farmington Mine Disaster]]
| [[Farmington, West Virginia]]
|
|-
| 1950
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 78
|
| [[Kew Gardens train crash]]
| [[Kew Gardens, New York]]
|
|-
| 1970
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 75
|
| Southern Airways Charter - [[Marshall University]] football team
| [[Ceredo, WV]]
| Deadliest sports tragedy in US history
|
|-
| 1961
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 74
|
| [[Imperial Airlines Flight 201/8]]
| [[Richmond, VA]]
|
|-
| 1963
|[[Explosion]] - [[Gas Leak]]
| 74
|
| [[Pepsi Coliseum]]
| [[Indianapolis, IN]]
|
|-
| 1961
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 73
|
| [[TWA Flight 529]]
| [[Chicago, IL]]
|
|-
| 1957
| [[Fire]] (building)
| 72
|
| [[Warrenton Nursing Home Fire]]
| [[Warrenton, MO]]
|
|-
| 1974
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 72
|
| [[Eastern Air Lines Flight 212]]
| [[Charlotte, NC]]
|
|-
| 1943
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 72
|
| [[Rennert railroad accident]]
| [[Rennert, NC]]
|
|-
| 1985
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 70
|
| [[Galaxy Airlines Flight 203]]
| [[Reno, NV]]
|
|-
| 1936
| [[Flood]]
| 69
| $3,000,000,000 (2006)
| [[Pittsburgh Flood 1936]]
| [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]] area
|
|-
| 1989
| [[Earthquake]]
| 69
| $6,000,000,000 (1989)
| [[Loma Prieta Earthquake]]
| [[San Francisco Bay Area]], [[California]]
|
|-
| 1888
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 66
|
| [[Mud Run Disaster]]
| Eastern [[Pennsylvania]]
|
|-
| 1955
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 66
|
| [[United Airlines Flight 409]]
| [[Medicine Bow Peak]], [[Wyoming]]
|
|-
| 1971
| [[Earthquake]]
| 65
| $500,000,000
| [[Sylmar earthquake]]
| [[Greater Los Angeles area|Greater Los Angeles]], [[California]] area
|
|-
| 1959
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 65
|
| [[American Airlines Flight 320]]
| [[New York City, NY]]
|
|-
| 1903
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 64
|
| [[Connellsville train wreck]]
| [[Connellsville, PA]]
|
|-
| 1856
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 59-67
|
| [[The Great Train Wreck of 1856]]
| [[Montgomery County, Pennsylvania]]
|
|-
| 1960
| [[Tsunami]]
| 61
| $500,000 (2005)
| [[Great Chilean Earthquake]]
| [[Hawaii]], [[Alaska]]
| 2,290 to 6,600 killed and $3,500,000,000 (2005) in damage worldwide. 61 killed in [[Hilo, Hawaii]]. $500,000 in U.S. property damage
|-
| 1960
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 63
|
| [[Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 710]]
| [[Tell City]], [[Indiana]]
| Wing failure resulting from freak vibrations in clear weather turbulence was the probable cause.<ref name="indystar1"/>
|-
| 1963
| [[Fire]] (building)
| 63
|
| [[Golden Age Nursing Home fire]]
| [[Fitchville, OH]]
|
|-
| 1960
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 62
|
| [[Eastern Air Lines Flight 375]]
| [[Boston, MA]]
|
|-
| 1864
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 60+
|
| [[Shohola train wreck]]
| [[Shohola, Pennsylvania]]
|
|-
| 2008
| [[Tornado]]
| 59
|
| [[2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak]]
| [[Tennessee]], [[Arkansas]], [[Kentucky]], [[Alabama]], and [[Illinois]]
|
|-
| 1965
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 58
|
| [[American Airlines Flight 383]]
| [[Cincinnati, OH]]
|
|-
| 1980
| [[Volcano]]
| 57
|
| [[1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens]]
| [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington State]]
|
|-
| 1994
| [[Earthquake]]
| 57
| $23,000,000,000
| [[Northridge Earthquake]]
| [[Greater Los Angeles area]]
|
|-
| 1904
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 56
|
| [[New Market train wreck]]
| [[New Market, Tennessee]]
|
|-
| 1906
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 53
|
| [[Atlantic City train wreck]]
|
|-
| 1906
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 53
|
| [[1906 Washington DC train wreck]]
| [[Washington, DC]]
|
|-
| 1910
| [[Accident]] [[Railroad]]
| 52
|
| [[Green Mountain train wreck]]
| [[Green Mountain, Iowa]]
|
|-
| 1947
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 52
|
| [[United Airlines Flight 608]]
| [[Bryce Canyon]], [[Utah]]
|
|-
| 1956
| [[Accident]] - [[Shipwreck]]
| 51
|
| [[SS Andrea Doria]], [[MS Stockholm (1948)|MS Stockholm]]
| Off the coast of [[Nantucket]]
|
|-
| 1978
| [[Accident]] - [[Construction]]
| 51
|
| [[Willow Island disaster]]
| [[Willow Island, West Virginia|Willow Island]], [[West Virginia]]
| Scaffolding fell 166' with insufficiently cured concrete
|-
| 1925
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 50
|
| [[Rockport train wreck]]
| [[Hackettstown, New Jersey]]
|
|-|
| 1896
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 50
|
| [[1896 Atlantic City rail crash]]
| [[New Jersey]]
|
|-
| 1993
| [[Flood]]
| 50
| $15,000,000,000
| [[Great Flood of 1993]]
| [[Midwest]]
|
|-
| 2009
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 50
|
| [[Colgan Air Flight 3407]]
| [[Clarence Center, New York]]
|
|-
| 1989
| [[Cyclone]]
| 49
| $7,000,000,000 (1989)
| [[Hurricane Hugo]]
| [[Caribbean]] and Eastern [[North America]].
| Damage figure for U.S. only. At least 111 total deaths, with 37 in the continental U.S. and 12 in the U.S. possession of Puerto Rico.
|-
| 2004
| [[Cyclone]]
| 49
| $9,000,000,000
| [[Hurricane Frances]]
| [[Florida]]
|
|-
| 2006
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 49
|
| [[Comair Flight 5191]]
| [[Lexington, Kentucky]]
|
|-
| 1917
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 49
|
| [[Shepherdsville train wreck]]
| [[Sheperdsville, Kentucky
|
|-
| 1867
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 49
|
| [[Angola Horror]]
| [[Angola, New York]]
|
|-
| 1999
| [[Tornado]]
| 48
| $1,500,000,000 (2005)
| [[1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak]]
| [[Oklahoma]], [[Kansas]], [[Texas]], [[Tennessee]]
| 66 tornadoes
|-
| 1853
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 48
|
| [[Norwalk rail accident]]
| [[Norwalk, Connecticut]]
|
|-
| 1958
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 48
|
| [[Newark Bay, New Jersey rail accident]]
| [[New Jersey
|
|-
| 1944
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 48
|
| [[Bagley train wreck]]
| [[west of [[Ogden, Utah]]
|
|-
| 1938
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 47
|
| [[Custer Creek train wreck]]
| [[Saugus, Montana]]
|
|-
| 1944
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 47
|
| [[Stockton train wreck]]
| [[Stockton, Georgia]]
|
|-
| 1993
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 47
|
| [[Big Bayou Canot train disaster]]
| [[Alabama]]
| Deadliest train crash in [[Amtrak]] history.
|-
| 1967
| [[Accident]] - [[Bridge]] collapse
| 46
|
| [[Silver Bridge]] - over the [[Ohio River]]
| [[Point Pleasant, WV]]
|
|-
| 1972
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 45
|
| [[Chicago commuter rail crash]]
| [[Chicago, Illinois]]
|
|-
| | 1927
| [[Terrorism]]
| 45
|
| [[Bath School Disaster]]
| [[Michigan]]
|
|-
| 1955
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 44
|
| [[United Airlines Flight 629]]
| [[Longmont, CO]]
|
|-
| 1940
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 43
|
| [[Doodlebug Disaster]]
| [[Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio]]
|
|-
|-
| 2011
| [[Tornado]]
| 43
|
| [[Mid-April 2011 Southern United States tornado outbreak]]
| [[Oklahoma]], [[Texas]], [[Kansas]], [[Arkansas]], [[Mississippi]], [[Alabama]], [[Missouri]], [[Louisiana]], [[Illinois]], [[Kentucky]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[North Carolina]], [[South Carolina]], [[Virginia]], [[Maryland]] and [[Pennsylvania]]
| 155 tornadoes
|-
| 1989
| [[Accident]] - [[Bridge]] collapse
| 42
|
| Cypress Street viaduct
| [[Oakland, California]]
|
|-
| 2001
| [[Cyclone]]
| 41
| $5,500,000,000
| [[Tropical Storm Allison]]
| [[Texas]], [[Louisiana]], [[Pennsylvania]]
|
|-
| 1859
| [[Bridge]] washout
| 41
|
| Springbrook Bridge washout
| [[South Bend, Indiana]]
|
|-
| 1977
| [[Accident]] - [[Dam]] failure
| 39
|
|
| [[Kelly Barnes Dam]]
| [[Toccoa, GA]]
|
|-
| 1912
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 39
|
| [[Corning train wreck]]
| [[Corning, New York]]
|
|-
| 1937
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 36
|
| [[Hindenburg disaster|''Hindenburg'' disaster]]
| [[Manchester, New Jersey]]
| Hydrogen-filled [[zeppelin]]
|-
| 1969
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 35
|
| [[Hawthorne Nevada Airlines Flight 708]]
| [[Lone Pine, California]]
|
|-
| 1980
| [[Ship]] collision
| 35
|
| [[Sunshine Skyway Bridge]]
| [[St. Petersburg, Florida]]
|-
| 1967
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 34
|
| [[Mohawk Airlines Flight 40]]
| [[Blossburg, Pennsylvania]]
|
|-
| 2007
| [[Mass murder]]
| 33
|
| [[Virginia Tech massacre]]
| [[Blacksburg, Virginia]]
|
|-
| 1973
| [[Fire]] (building)
| 32
|
| Upstairs Lounge
| [[New Orleans, Louisiana]]
|
|-
| 2009
| [[Tsunami]]
| 31
|
| [[2009 Samoa earthquake]]
| [[American Samoa]] and nearby islands
| 189 total deaths, with 31 in American Samoa.
|-
| 1855
| [[Bridge]] - [[Accident]]
| 31
|
| [[Gasconade Bridge]]
| [[Gasconade, Missouri]]
|-
| 1923
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 30
|
| [[Glenrock train wreck]]
|
|
|-
| 1998
| [[Blizzard]]
| 30
|
| [[North American ice storm of 1998]]
| [[Canada]] and Northeast
|
|-
| 1956
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 30
|
| [[Redondo Junction train wreck]]
| [[Los Angeles]]
|
|-
| 1971
| [[Accident]] - [[Explosion]]
| 29
|
| [[Thiokol-Woodbine Explosion]]
| [[Woodbine, Georgia]]
|
|-
| 1975
| [[Shipwreck]]
| 29
|
| Wreck of the [[SS Edmund Fitzgerald]]
| [[Lake Superior]]
|
|-
| 1977
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 29
|
| [[University of Evansville]] basketball team charter crash
| [[Evansville, Indiana]]
| The University of Evansville basketball team was traveling to [[Middle Tennessee State University]] when the plane crashed 90 seconds after takeoff from [[Dress Regional Airport]].<ref>[http://www.courierpress.com/news/2006/dec/13/memories-of-ue-plane-crash-still-linger/ Memories of UE plane crash still linger]</ref>
|-
| 1990
| [[Tornado]]
| 29
| $160,000,000
| [[1990 Plainfield tornado]]
| [[Plainfield, Illinois]] [[Crest Hill, Illinois]]
|
|-
| 1871
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 29
|
| [[Great Revere Train Wreck of 1871]]
| [[Revere, Massachusetts]]
|
|-
| 2010
| [[Accident]] - [[Explosion]]
| 29<ref>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/04/05/west-virginia-coal-mine-e_n_526151.html</ref>
|
| [[Upper Big Branch Mine disaster]]
| [[Montcoal, West Virginia]]
|
|-
| 1951
| [[Flood]]
| 28
| $7,000,000,000 (2005)
| [[Great Flood of 1951]]
| [[Kansas]] and [[Missouri]]
|
|-
| 1988
| [[Accident]] - [[Automobile]]
| 27
|
| [[Carrollton bus disaster]]
| [[Carrollton, Kentucky]]
|
|-
| 1970
| [[Tornado]]
| 26
| $1,411,900,000 (2008)
| [[Lubbock Tornado]]
| [[Lubbock, Texas]]
| F5 tornado killed 26 and wounded approximately 500
|-
| 1958
| [[Accident]] - school bus
| 26
|
|
| [[Prestonsburg, Kentucky]]
|
|-
| 2008
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 26
|
| [[2008 Chatsworth train collision]]
| Chatsworth, California
|
|-
| 1991
| [[Fire]] (building)
| 25
|
| [[Hamlet chicken processing plant fire]]
| [[Hamlet, North Carolina]]
| Workers trapped behind locked doors
|-
| 1991
| [[Fire]] (rural)
| 25
| $1,500,000,000
| [[1991 Oakland firestorm]]
| [[Oakland, California]] and vicinity
|
|-
| 2005
| [[Tornado]]
| 25
| $92,000,000
| [[Evansville Tornado of November 2005]]
| [[Missouri]], [[Indiana]], [[Kentucky]], [[Ohio]]
| 7 tornadoes
|-
| 1887
| [[Bridge]] [[Railroad]]
| 24
|
| [[Forest Hills disaster]]
| [[Boston, Massachusetts]]
|
|-
| 2005
| [[Accident]] - bus
| 24
|
|
| [[Wilmer, Texas]]
| carrying elderly, fleeing hurricane
|
|-
|1919
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 23
| [[Onawa train wreck]]
| Onawa, [[Maine]]
|
|-
| 1977
| [[Blizzard]]
| 23
| $56,250,000 (1977)
| [[Great Lakes Blizzard of 1977]]
| [[New York]] and [[Ontario]] (esp. [[Buffalo, New York]])
|
|-
| 1989
| [[Accident]] - [[Explosion]]
| 23
| $1,415,000,000 (1990)
| [[Phillips Disaster]]
| [[Pasadena, Texas]]
| 314 people injured
|
|-
| 1959
| [[Explosion]] - [[Fire]]
| 23
|
| [[Meldrim, Georgia trestle disaster]]
| [[Meldrim, Georgia]]
|
|-
| 1992
| [[Cyclone]]
| 23
| $25,000,000,000
| [[Hurricane Andrew]]
| [[Florida]] and [[Louisiana]]
|
|-
| 1983
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 23
|
| [[Air Canada Flight 797]]
| [[Cincinnati, OH]]
|
|-
| 1999
| [[Accident]] - tour bus
| 22
|
|
| [[New Orleans, Louisiana]]
| plunged over embankment, carrying senior citizens from casino
|-
| 1980
| [[Accident]] - tour bus
| 22
|
|
[[Jasper, Arkansas]]
|
|-
| | 1960
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 22
|
| [[Cal Poly football team plane crash]]
| [[Toledo, OH]]
|
|-
| 1986
| [[Accident]] - tour bus
| 21
|
|
| [[Walker, California]]
|
|-
| 1915
| [[Fire]] (building)
| 21
|
| [[St. Johns School Fire]]
| [[Peabody, Massachusetts]]
| Schoolgirls trapped behind exit door; resulted in first city law requiring that exit doors open outward
|-
| 1919
| [[Accident]] - [[Explosion]]
| 21
| $6,600,000,000 (2005)
| [[Boston molasses disaster]]
| [[Boston, Massachusetts]]
| Damages are out-of-court settlements only; repairs took 133 man-months
|-
| 2010
| [[Flood]]
| 20
|
| [[June 2010 Arkansas floods]]
| [[Albert Pike Recreational Area]] (near [[Langley, Arkansas]])
|
|-
| 1872
| [[Fire]] (urban conflagration)
| 20
| $73,500,000 (1872)
| [[Great Boston Fire of 1872]]
| [[Boston, Massachusetts]]
|
|-
| 1897
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 19
|
| [[Garrison train crash]]
| [[Garrison, New York]]
|
|-
| 1944
| [[Accident]] - [[Aircraft]]
| 19
|
| Long Creek Air Disaster
| [[South Portland, Maine]]
|
|-
| 1903
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 17
|
| [[Purdue Wreck]]
| [[Indianapolis, Indiana]]
|
|-
| 1987
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 17
|
| [[1987 Maryland train collision]]
| [[Chase, Maryland]]
|
|-
| 1926
| [[Tornado]]
| 16
|
| [[La Plata, Maryland#Tornado history|La Plata Tornado of 1926]]
| [[La Plata, Maryland]]
| 13 killed in La Plata Elementary School
|-
| 1861
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 17 to 20
|
| [[Platte Bridge Railroad Tragedy]]
| [[St. Joseph, Missouri]]
|
|-
| 1966
| [[Mass murder]]
| 15
|
| [[Tower shooting at The University of Texas at Austin|University of Texas Massacre]]
| [[Austin, Texas]]
|
|-
| 2011
| [[Accident]] - tour bus
| 15
|
| [[World Wide Tours bus crash]]
| [[Bronx, New York]]
| en route to Connecticut casino, March 12
|
|-
| 1999
| [[Mass murder]]
| 15
|
| [[Columbine High School massacre]]
| [[Jefferson County, Colorado]]
|
|-
| 1982
| [[Bridge]] - [[Accident]]
| 14
|
| Cline Avenue Bridge collapse
| [[East Chicago, Indiana]]
|
|-
| 1942
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 14
|
| [[Ambassador (train)#History|''Ambassador'' - ''Cleveland Express'' rail collision]]
| [[Dickerson, Maryland]]
| Worst accident in [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad|B&O]] railroad's history
|
|-
| 2007
| [[Fire]]
| 14
|
| [[California wildfires of October 2007]]
| [[California]]
| Large fires burnt out of control across southern California, fueled by unusually strong [[Santa Ana winds|Santa Ana Winds]]; worst around San Diego; caused evacuation of over one million people. Most fires accidental; some suspected arson.
|-
| 2002
| [[Accident]] - van
| 14
|
| [[Saint John River]], [[Maine]]
| carrying Hispanic migrant workers
|
|-
| 1973
| [[Accident]]
| 14
|
| [[Skyline Towers collapse]]
| [[Bailey's Crossroads, Virginia]]
| 74 others injured
|
|-
| 2006
| [[Accident]] - [[Coal mine]]
| 13
|
| [[Sago Mine disaster]]
| [[Sago, West Virginia]]
|
|-
| 2001
| [[Accident]] - [[Mine distaster]]
| 13
|
| [[Jim Walter Resources Mine Disaster]]
| [[Brookwood, Alabama]]
|
|-
| 1963
| [[Accident]] - bus
| 13
|
| southern Utah
| carrying Boy Scouts
| overturned, climbing steep hill
|
|-
| 2009
| [[Mass murder]]
| 13
|
| [[Fort Hood shooting]]
| [[Fort Hood, Texas]]
|
|-
| 1905
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 13
|
| [[Ninth Avenue derailment]]
| [[New York, New York]]
|
|-
| 2007
| [[Accident]] - [[Bridge]] Collapse
| 13
| $5,000,000
| [[I-35W Mississippi River bridge]] Collapse
| [[Minneapolis]], [[Minnesota]]
| Collapsed on August 1 at 6:05 PM during rush hour while resurfacing in progress. An additional 111+ injured.
|-
| 1959
| [[Accident]] - [[Coal mine]]
| 12
|
| [[Knox Mine Disaster]]
| [[Pittston, Pennsylvania]]
|
|-
| 1999
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 11
|
| [[1999 Bourbonnais, Illinois train accident]]
| [[Bourbonnais, Illinois]]
|
|-
| 2010
| [[Accident]] - [[Explosion]]
| 11
|
| [[Deepwater Horizon explosion]]
| Southeast of [[Louisiana]] coast
| Caused by a blowout on April 20. 17 injuries. Subsequent oil spill regarded as worst environmental disaster in US history.
|-
| 1976
| [[Accident]] - [[Dam]] failure
| 11
| $400,000,000
| [[Teton Dam]]
| [[Idaho]]
|
|-
| 2005
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 11
|
| [[2005 Glendale train crash]]
| [[Los Angeles, California]]
|
|-
| 1979
| [[Stampede]]
| 11
|
| [[Riverfront Coliseum]]
| [[Cincinnati, OH]]
| [[The Who]] rock concert
|-
| 1996
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 11
|
| [[Capitol Limited (Amtrak train)#History|Amtrak ''Capitol Limited'' - MARC commuter rail collision]]
| [[Silver Spring, Maryland]]
|
|-
| 1977
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 11
|
| [[Chicago Loop derailment]]
| [[Chicago, Illinois]]
|
|-
| 2004
| [[Cyclone]]
| 10
| $15,000,000,000
| [[Hurricane Charley]]
| [[Florida]]
|
|-
| 1957
| [[Tornado]]
| 10
| $25,883,000
| [[1957 Fargo tornado]]
| [[Fargo, ND]]
|
|-
| 1972
| [[Bridge]] - [[Accident]]
| 10
|
| Sidney Lanier Bridge collapse
| [[Brunswick, Georgia]]
|
|-
| 1987
| [[Bridge]] - [[Accident]]
| 10
|
| Schoharie Creek Bridge
| Ft. Hunter, New York
|
|-
| 1888
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 9
|
| [[Wreck at the Fat Nancy]]
| [[Orange County, Virginia]]
|
|-
| 2005
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 9
|
| [[Graniteville, South Carolina train disaster]]
| [[Graniteville, South Carolina]]
|
|-
| 1903
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 9
|
| [[Wreck of the Old 97]]
| [[Danville, Virginia]]
|
|-
| 2007
| [[Fire]] (Building)
| 9
|
| [[Charleston Sofa Super Store Fire]]
| [[Charleston, SC]]
| A flashover and structural collapse contributed to the deaths of nine Charleston firefighters.
|-
| 2007
| [[Accident]] - [[Coal mine]]
| 9
|
| [[Crandall Canyon Mine]] Collapse
| [[Huntington, Utah]]
| Original collapse on August 6 at 2:48 AM MDT, 6 miners missing. On August 16 at 6:30 PM MDT, 9 rescue workers caught in second collapse while trying to get to trapped miners. Three rescue workers pronounced dead; other 6 injured.
|-
| 2009
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 9
|
| [[June 2009 Washington Metro train collision|Washington Metro subway train collision]]
| [[Washington, DC]]
| Approximately 80 injuries; deadliest subway train accident US history
|-
| 1996
| [[Flood]]
| 8
| $500,000,000
| [[Willamette Valley Flood of 1996]]
| [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]], [[Oregon]], [[Idaho]], [[California]]
|
|-
| 1989
| [[Bridge]] collapse
| 8
|
| Hatchie River Bridge
| north of Memphis, Tennessee
|
|-
| 1922
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 7
|
| [[1922 Winslow Junction Train Derailment]]
| [[Winslow, Arizona]]
|
|-
| 1995
| [[Bridge]] - [[Accident]]
| 7
|
| [[Coalinga, California]]
|
|-
| 1901
| [[Fire]] (urban conflagration)
| 7
|
| [[Great Fire of 1901]]
| [[Jacksonville, Florida]]
|
|-
| 1986
| [[Explosion]] [[Space Shuttle]]
| 7
|
| [[Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster]]
| [[Kennedy Space Center, Florida]]
| The first in-flight deaths in the U.S. Space Program
|-
| 2003
| [[Explosion]] [[Space Shuttle]]
| 7
|
| [[Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster]]
| [[Texas]]
|-
| 2011
| [[Mass murder]]
| 6
|
| [[2011 Tucson Shooting]]
| [[Arizona]]
| Attempted assassination of US representative [[Gabrielle Giffords]]. Among the fatalities is the Chief Judge for the US district court of Arizona [[John Roll]]
|
|-
| 1999
| [[Fire]] (Building)
| 6
|
| [[Worcester Cold Storage Warehouse fire]]
| [[Worcester, MA]]
| Six Firefighters lost their lives while searching for two homeless victims, they are now commonly referred to as the Worcester 6
|-
| 1995
| [[Flood]]
| 6
| $1,360,000,000
| [[May 8th 1995 Louisiana Flood]]
| [[New Orleans, Louisiana]] area
|
|-
| 2010
| [[Accident]] - [[Explosion]]
| 5<ref>http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/ap/top/all/6856225.html</ref>
|
| [[2010 Connecticut power plant explosion]]
| [[Middletown, Connecticut]]
| 12 or more injuries<ref>http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/35283135/ns/us_news/</ref>
|-
| 1891
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 1
|
| [[Great East Thompson Train Wreck]]
| [[Thompson, Connecticut]]
| hundreds injured
|
|-
| 1995
| [[Accident]] - [[Railroad]]
| 1
|
| [[Palo Verde derailment]]
| [[Palo Verde, Arizona]]
| 78 injured
|
|-
| 2000
| [[Accident]] - [[Explosion]]
| 1
|
| [[Phillips explosion of 2000]]
| [[Pasadena, Texas]]
| 71 injuries
|-
| 2011
| [[Tsunami]]
| 1
| >$50,000,000
| [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami]]
| [[California]], [[Oregon]], [[Hawaii]]
| 7 people swept out to sea, 1 fatality. Major damage to harbors, especially in Crescent City and Santa Cruz, California with tsunami waves reaching 8.1 feet. Extensive damage also reported in three Hawaiian islands, with tsunami waves up to 12 feet high.
|-
| 1997
| [[Flood]]
| 0
| $2,000,000,000
| [[1997 Red River Flood]]
| [[North Dakota]], [[Minnesota]], Southern [[Manitoba]]
|
|-
| 1816
| [[Famine]] (caused by [[volcano]])
| Unknown
|
| [[Year Without a Summer]]
|
| Volcanic dust from a massive eruption by [[Mount Tambora]] in the [[Dutch East Indies]] (present [[Indonesia]]) in [[1815]] led to an abnormally cold summer in [[1816]] in the northeastern [[United States]] and eastern [[Canada]]. Cold weather inhibited crops, and [[frost]]s and [[snowstorm]]s killed what did grow, leading to a localized [[famine]].
|-
| 1835
| [[Fire]] (urban conflagration)
| Unknown
| $20,000,000 (1835)
| [[Great Fire of New York]]
|
|
|-
| 1888
| [[Cold wave]]
| Unknown
|
| [[1888 Northwest Cold Wave]]
| Northwest
|
|-
| 1914
| [[Fire]] (urban conflagration)
| Unknown
| $325,000,000 (2008)
| [[Great Salem Fire of 1914]]
| [[Salem, Massachusetts]]
|
|-
| 1931–1939
| [[Drought]]
| Unknown
| Unknown
| [[Dust Bowl]]
| [[Great Plains]]
| Compounded by unsustainable agricultural techniques
|-
| 1929-37
| [[Economic]]
| Unknown
| Unknown
| [[The Great Depression]]
| [[World]]wide
|
|}
{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}

{{Deadliest earthquakes by state}}
{{Deadliest tornadoes by state}}

==See also==
* [[List of natural disasters by death toll]]
* [[List of wars and disasters by death toll]]
* [[List of accidents and disasters by death toll]]
* [[List of terrorist incidents in the United States]]
* [[List of epidemics]]
* [[List of Canadian disasters by death toll]]
* [[:Category:Disasters in the United States]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of United States Disasters By Death Toll}}
[[Category:Disasters in the United States| ]]
[[Category:Lists by death toll|United States disasters by death toll]]

Andrew Rock

2011-04-29T11:14:50Z

Luch4:

{{MedalTableTop}}
{{MedalSport | Men’s [[Athletics (sport)|athletics]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Olympic Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2004 Summer Olympics|2004 Athens]]|[[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Men's 4x400 metre relay|4x400 m relay]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[IAAF World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2005 World Championships in Athletics|2005 Helsinki]]|[[2005 World Championships in Athletics - Men's 4 x 400 metres relay|4x400m relay]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2005 World Championships in Athletics|2005 Helsinki]]|[[2005 World Championships in Athletics - Men's 400 metres|400m]]}}
{{MedalBottom}}

'''Andrew Rock''' (born January 23, 1982) is an [[the USA|American]] [[Sprint (race)|sprinter]] who specializes in the [[400 metres|400 meter dash]].

==Early career==
Rock was born in [[Marshfield, Wisconsin]], and grew up in [[Stratford, Wisconsin]], where he graduated from high school in [[2000]]. His high school career concluded at the 2000 Wisconsin State Championships, where he became the first athlete in meet history to win four individual titles at the same championships by winning the 110m hurdles, 300m hurdles, 200m dash, and long jump. Despite this success, he was not a heavily recruited athlete.

Rock attended the [[University of Wisconsin–La Crosse]], where he was a nine-time National Champion and a 17-time All-American. After finishing runner-up seven times between the 2001 and 2002 seasons, Rock hit his stride in 2003 and 2004, winning eight consecutive titles in the 400m dash and 4x400m relay. Rock holds nine UW–LaCrosse records (four individual; five relays) and six WIAC records (three individual; three relays) and was twice named first-team Academic All-American by CoSIDA. In addition to these achievements, Rock also claimed the fastest 400m time in Division III history, running a 44.66 at a USATF meet in [[Carson, California]], thereby announcing his arrival onto the elite track scene. Rock turned professional soon after graduating from UW–La Crosse with a finance degree by signing a multi-year contract with [[Adidas]].

==Professional career==
Despite going through the rigors of the long NCAA college track season, Rock finished 6th in the 400m at the 2004 Olympic Trials, earning him a spot in the relay pool for the upcoming Olympic Games in [[Athens, Greece]]. In the [[2004 Olympic Games]], Rock ran for the American [[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Men's 4 x 400 metres relay|4x400m relay]] team in the qualifying heats, securing the team a place in the final. The relay took first two days later in the final, securing Rock a gold medal. In the [[2005 IAAF World Championships in Athletics|2005 World Championships]] in the [[Helsinki]], he competed in [[2005 World Championships in Athletics - Men's 400 metres|400m]] and won a silver medal, setting a new personal best of 44.35. Later in the meet, he led off the [[2005 World Championships in Athletics - Men's 4 x 400 metres relay|4x400m relay]] team to yet another World Championship gold medal. Rock followed his 2005 season with a 2006 campaign highlighted by his 400m win at the AT&T USA Outdoor Championships in Indianapolis.

==Personal bests==
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- bgcolor="cccccc"
!Event
!Time (seconds)
!Place
!Date
|-
|[[200 meters]]
|20.84
|[[Stevens Point, Wisconsin]], United States
|May 5, 2003
|-
|[[400 meters]]
|44.35
|[[Helsinki]], Finland
|August 12, 2005
|-
|[[400 meters]] (indoor)
|46.01
|[[Fayetteville, Arkansas]], United States
|February 11, 2005
|-
|[[4x400m relay]]
|2:56.91 - 44.7s (Rock, Brew, Williamson, Wariner)
|[[Helsinki]], Finland
|August 14, 2005
|-
|}

==Career highlights==
*2001-2004: 9-time NCAA Division III Champion, 17-time NCAA Division III All-American
*2004: Olympic [[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Men's 4x400 metre relay|4x400m relay]] gold medalist, ranked #7 in the United States
*2005: [[2005 World Championships in Athletics - Men's 400 metres|World Outdoor 400m]] silver medalist, [[2005 World Championships in Athletics - Men's 4 x 400 metres relay|World Outdoor 4x400m]] gold medalist, ranked #2 in the United States and #3 in the World
*2006: USATF Outdoor Champion, 400m, ranked #3 in the United States and #4 in the World
*2007: ranked #7 in the United States

==External links==
*{{iaaf name|id=188150|name=Andrew Rock}}
*[http://www.wisconsintrackandfield.com/bios/andrewrock.html Wisconsin Track & Field Bio]
*[http://www.usatf.org/athletes/bios/Rock_Andrew.asp Andrew Rock Bio]
{{Footer Olympic Champions 4x400 m Men}}
{{Footer World Champions 4 x 400 m Men|2005}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Rock, Andrew
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = January 23, 1982
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rock, Andrew}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American sprinters]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:People from La Crosse, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–La Crosse alumni]]
[[Category:Olympic track and field athletes of the United States]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for the United States]]
[[Category:People from Marshfield, Wisconsin]]

[[de:Andrew Rock]]
[[fr:Andrew Rock]]
[[no:Andrew Rock]]
[[pl:Andrew Rock]]
[[pt:Andrew Rock]]
[[fi:Andrew Rock]]
[[sv:Andrew Rock]]

Phil Pringle

2011-04-29T11:14:36Z

Luch4: disexamplecation

'''Phil Pringle [OAM]''' is a [[pastor]] and artist, and, together with his wife [[Christine Pringle|Christine]], founder and leader of the [[Christian City Church|CCC]] Pentecostal church movement of over 280 churches internationally.<ref name="c3">{{cite web|url=http://www.myc3church.net/node/103|title=About Phil & Chris Pringle}}</ref> C3 Church was the fastest growing Australian church denomination (42% between 1996–2001) according to the www.ncls.org.au. This movement changed its name to "C3 Church" in September 2008.[http://www.myc3church.net C3 Church] He is a well known preacher on the international [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]] circuit. Phil has a wide-ranging international ministry, speaking in locations as varied as London, Amsterdam, Singapore, Durban, Uppsala, Auckland, Brisbane, Atlanta, New York and Portland.

Phil is the founder and senior minister of [[Christian City Church|Christian City Church Oxford Falls]] and founder and president of the [[Christian City Churches|Christian City Church]] International movement of churches.<ref name="c3" />

Phil attended the Ilam School of [[Fine Art]] in [[Christchurch]], [[New Zealand]], in the early seventies, but after becoming a Christian chose to forsake a career in art. He briefly worked in New Zealand before moving to [[Sydney]], Australia, where he started the first Christian City Church.

Phil speaks in a variety of conference and church situations around the world. He has written a number of books, and continues to paint and hold exhibitions. The church at Oxford Falls also runs several Colleges; School of Ministry, School of Creative Arts (including dance, drama, music, song writing, singing, visual arts, film and video) and School of Pastoral Care Management.

Phil has also written a number of books,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philpringlegallery.com/bio.html|title=About Phil Pringle}}</ref> including ''You the Leader'', ''Leadership Files'', ''Faith'', ''Financial Excellence'' and most recently ''Leadership Excellence''.

According to the C3 website, Phil's expertise is in talking about topics such as faith, leadership, the ministry of the [[Holy Spirit]] and church building. Phil has been accused of preaching in line with [[Prosperity Theology]].<ref>http://talkingpentecostalism.blogspot.com/2008/02/prosperity-doctrine-what-pentecostals.html</ref><ref>http://www.titheandofferingscriptures.com/keys-to-financial-excellence-p-1272.html</ref>

Phil co-hosts the weekly 'Your Best Life' program with his wife. The program airs worldwide, as well as on [[free-to-air]] TV in Australia. It is one of very few{{citation needed|date=November 2010}} Australian produced Christian programs to air on public television.

Phil and his wife live in Sydney, Australia. They have a daughter, Rebekah (who is married to Matt), and two sons, Daniel (who is married to [[Leah Haywood]]), and Joseph.

==See also==
* [[Kong Hee]]
* [[Charismatic movement]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.myc3church.net/ C3 Church, Oxford Falls]
* [http://www.myc3churchglobal.net/ C3 Church International]
* [http://www.philpringlegallery.com/ Phil Pringle Gallery]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Pringle, Peter
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[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Australian Pentecostals]]
[[Category:Pentecostal clergy]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia]]
[[Category:Australian Christian clergy]]
[[Category:Pentecostal writers]]
[[Category:Ilam School of Fine Arts alumni]]

Hisar district

2011-04-29T11:13:24Z

Luch4: disexamplecation

{{India Districts
|Name = Hisar
|Local = हिसार जिला
|State = Haryana
|Division =
|HQ = Hisar, India|Hisar
|Map = HaryanaHisar.png
|Area = 3983
|Rain =
|Population = 1,537,117
|Urban =
|Year = 2001
|Density = 386
|Literacy = 64.83%
|SexRatio =
|Tehsils = 1. Hisar, 2. Hansi, 3. Narnaund and 4. Adampur
|LokSabha = [[Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hisar]]
|Assembly =
|Highways =
|Website = http://hisar.nic.in/
}}

{{Refimprove|date=January 2010}}
'''Hisar district''' ({{lang-hi|हिसार जिला}}) is one of the 21 [[Districts of Haryana|districts]] of [[Haryana]] state, [[India]]. [[Hisar, India|Hisar]] city serves as the district headquarters. The district is also part of Hisar division, which is headed by a commissioner who belongs to the [[Indian Administrative Service]].

Hisar was the largest district in Haryana until its reorganization. In 1966, some parts of Hisar were transferred to the newly created [[Jind district]]. In 1974, Tehsil [[Bhiwani]] and [[Loharu]] were transferred to [[Bhiwani district]]. Hisar was further bifurcated when [[Sirsa district]] was formed. [[Fatehabad district]] was later created as well.<ref>http://www.haryana-online.com/Districts/hissar.htm</ref>

Hisar is a divisional headquarters of the Divisional Commissioner and also the headquarters of the Police Range. It is also a battalion headquarters of B.S.F. 3rd Bn. H.A.P. and commando force. In order to accommodate all of these departments, a five-storey District Administrative Complex was built, with the offices transferred in 1980. It adjoins the new Judiciary Complex, which is also made functional. This administrative and judiciary complex is the largest in Haryana; as a district headquarters it may be one of the largest in the country.

In the past three centuries Hisar had also been the birth-place for great personalities, like Sardar Ishri Singh, Sardar Harji Ram, Rai Bahadur Sardar Nau Nihal Singh (honorary magistrate of Hisar pre-Independence). It is one of the most historic features along with the Gujari mahal in Hisar District. Noteworthy individuals include late Dr. Gopi Chand Bhargava the First Chief Minster of Punjab, Late O.P. Jindal, former chairperson of Jindal Industries, [[Subhash Chandra]], Chairman Essel Group ([[Zee Network]]). He is also chairman of Indian Cricket League. Another notable individual is Yash Tonk, actor in Bollywood, alumnus of Campus School, CCSHAU.Famous theatre director [[Manish Joshi Bismil]] also belongs to Hisar, alumnus of K.L Arya DAV Public School,also renowned Chaudhary Jaswant Singh Nain (Surveyor & Loss Accessor) It is also known as the steel city because of the Jindal Stainless Steel Factories. It also produces a large amount of galvanized iron, which is the largest production in India.

Hisar is one of the five cities belonging to [[Indus Valley civilization]]. Name of this city is cited in the history books in the contexts of Indus civilization and in General knowledge books for having one of the five Sheep Farms. Its name was Banwali.

==Divisions==
At present Hisar district consists of four [[tehsil]]s and three sub-tehsils. The tehsils are Hisar, [[Hansi]], [[Narnaund]] and [[Adampur tehsil|Adampur]], and the sub-tehsils are [[Barwala]], [[Uklana]] and [[Bass, Haryana|Bass]].

Presently, Hisar district has seven [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies, namely, Adampur, Uklana, Narnaund, Hansi, Barwala, Hisar and Nalwa. All of these are part of [[Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hisar Lok Sabha constituency]]

==Education==
Two Universities are located in Hisar district. [[Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University]] in Hisar was initially founded as a campus of the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. CCSHAU is one of best agrigulture universities in Asia. [[Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology]], founded in 1995 in Hisar, attracts students for higher education from all over the country and abroad.

Hisar also have prime institute named UC MAS (http://www.ucmasindia.com/ Universal Concept of Mental Arithmetic System) at DLA to develop the brain of children of age 4 to 13 years.

== See also==
* [[Bawani Khera]]
* [[Bhiwani]]
* [[Dhillon]]
* [[Fatehabad]]
* [[Hansi]]
* [[Haryana]]
* [[Hisar, Haryana]]
* [[Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Kanwari (Haryana, India)]]
* [[Siwani]]
* [[Sirsa district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://hisar.nic.in Hisar district official website]

{{Districts of Haryana}}
{{Hindi Speaking Areas of India}}
{{coord missing|Haryana}}

[[Category:Districts of Haryana]]
[[Category:Hisar district| ]]

[[fr:District de Hisar]]
[[gu:હિસાર જિલ્લો]]
[[hi:हिसार जिला]]
[[it:Distretto di Hisar]]
[[mr:हिस्सार जिल्हा]]
[[nl:Hisar (district)]]
[[no:Hisar (distrikt)]]
[[pa:ਹਿਸਾਰ ਜ਼ਿਲਾ]]
[[ru:Хисар (округ)]]