https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Matty+jWikipedia - User contributions [en]2024-10-08T10:32:29ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.0-wmf.25https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_people&diff=606427649List of University of Wisconsin–Madison people2014-04-30T03:44:16Z<p>Matty j: /* Notable faculty and staff */ added Walter Rudin</p>
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<div>{{refimprove|date=February 2012}}<br />
<!--People on this list should have their own Wikipedia page - please do not add redlinks. Keep the lists alphabetized.--><br />
This is a list of notable people who attended, or taught at, the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]]:<br />
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{{dynamic list|date=February 2012}}<br />
<br />
==Notable alumni==<br />
<br />
===Nobel laureates===<br />
[[Image:Bardeen.jpg|thumb|150px|[[John Bardeen]]]]<br />
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
*[[John Bardeen]], B.S. 1928 and M.S. 1929, only two-time recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] in 1956 and 1972<br />
*[[Saul Bellow]], recipient of the [[Nobel Prize for Literature]] in 1976<br />
*[[Günter Blobel]], Ph.D. 1967, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1999<br />
*[[Paul D. Boyer]], M.S. 1941, Ph.D. 1943, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 1997<br />
*[[Herbert Spencer Gasser]], A.B. 1910, A.M. 1911, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1944<br />
*[[Alan G. MacDiarmid]], M.S. 1952, Ph.D. 1953, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 2000<br />
*[[Stanford Moore]], Ph.D. 1938, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 1972<br />
*[[Erwin Neher]], M.S. 1967, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1991<br />
*[[Theodore Schultz]], M.S. 1928, Ph.D. 1930, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Economics]] in 1979<br />
*[[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf]], [[President of Liberia]] (2006–present)), recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 2011<br />
*[[Edward Lawrie Tatum]], B.A. 1931, M.S. 1932, Ph.D. 1935, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1958<br />
*[[John H. Van Vleck]], A.B. 1920, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] in 1977<br />
*[[Howard Temin]],Ph.D. 1959, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1975<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Athletics===<br />
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{{main|List of University of Wisconsin–Madison people in athletics}}<br />
<br />
===Academics===<br />
{{main|List of University of Wisconsin–Madison people in academics}}<br />
<br />
===Arts and entertainment===<br />
[[Image:FredricMarch1939.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Fredric March]]]]<br />
;A&ndash;M<br />
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
*[[Don Ameche]], [[Academy Award]]-winning actor<br />
*[[Joseph Anthony]], playwright, actor, and director<br />
*[[William Bast]], screenwriter<br />
*[[Gary Beecham]], glass artist<br />
*[[James Benning (film director)]]<br />
*[[Andrew Bergman]], film writer, director, and producer<br />
*[[Rick Berman]], television/movie producer<br />
*[[Chester Biscardi]], composer<br />
*[[Keith D. Black]], screenwriter<br />
*[[Jerry Bock]], composer<br />
*[[Karen Borca]], musician<br />
*[[Kate Borcherding]], artist<br />
*[[Pat Brady (cartoonist)|Pat Brady]], cartoonist, creator of ''[[Rose Is Rose]]''<br />
*[[Tamara Braun]], actress<br />
*[[Marshall Brickman]], screenwriter<br />
*[[Oscar Brown]], musician<br />
*[[Johnny Burke (lyricist)|Johnny Burke]], American lyricist<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.songwritershalloffame.org/exhibits/C81|title= Johnny Burke|publisher= Songwriters Hall of Fame|accessdate= November 18, 2013}}</ref><br />
*[[Macdonald Carey]], actor<br />
*[[Gina Cerminara]], author<br />
*[[Jeff Cesario]], comedian and writer<br />
*[[Ann Fox Chandonnet]], poet<br />
*[[Alison Chernick]], filmmaker<br />
*[[Dale Chihuly]], glass artist<br />
*[[Robert Clarke]], actor<br />
*[[Alf Clausen]], film composer<br />
*[[Hunter Cole]], artist<br />
*[[Joan Cusack]], actress<br />
*[[Rich Dahm]], co-executive producer and head writer of ''[[The Colbert Report]]''<br />
*[[Richard Dauenhauer]], poet<br />
*[[Richard Davis (bassist)|Richard Davis]], jazz-bassist, recording artist, professor/educator at University of Wisconsin-Madison<br />
*[[André DeShields]], Emmy Award-winning actor/singer/dancer/choreographer<br />
*[[Chip Dunham]], cartoonist<br />
*[[Lois Ehlert]], illustrator, [[Caldecott Medal]] recipient<br />
*[[Dean Elliott]], film composer<br />
*[[Joe Feddersen]], artist<br />
*[[Honor Ford-Smith]], actress<br />
*[[Glenn Gissler]], interior designer<br />
*[[Roger Goeb]], composer<br />
*[[Bert I. Gordon]], film director<br />
*[[Daron Hagen]], composer, conductor, pianist<br />
*[[Uta Hagen]], actress, recipient of the [[National Medal of Arts]]<br />
*[[Anna Halprin]], pioneer of [[postmodern dance]]<br />
*[[Timothy Hasenstein]], painter and sculptor<br />
*[[Sorrel Hays]], pianist<br />
*[[Sam Herman]], glass artist<br />
*[[Lee Hoiby]], composer<br />
*[[Gwendolyn Holbrow]], sculptor<br />
*[[Anders Holm]], actor/writer/producer for ''[[Workaholics]]''<br />
*[[Lawrence Holofcener]], sculptor<br />
*[[Adam Horowitz (screenwriter)|Adam Horowitz]], television writer<br />
*[[Zola Jesus]] (a.k.a. Nika Roza Danilova), singer/songwriter<br />
*[[Hisonni Johnson]], actor<br />
*[[Jane Kaczmarek]], actress<br />
*[[Irene Kampen]], author<br />
*[[Ben Karlin]], [[Emmy Award]]-winning television producer<br />
*[[Catherine Ransom Karoly]], flutist<br />
*[[Craig A. Kraft]], sculptor<br />
*[[Karl Kroeger]], composer<br />
*[[Myron W. Krueger]], computer artist<br />
*[[Kay Kurt]], painter<br />
*[[Rocco Landesman]], producer<br />
*[[Steven Levitan]], television writer, director, and producer<br />
*[[Marvin Lipofsky]], glass artist<br />
*[[Joseph Lulloff]], musician<br />
*[[C. Cameron Macauley]], photographer<br />
*[[Michael Mann (film director)|Michael Mann]], movie director/producer<br />
*[[Fredric March]], actor<br />
*[[Steve Marmel]], comedian/writer ''[[Fairly Odd Parents]]''<br />
*[[Pat McCurdy]], singer-songwriter <br />
*[[John O. Merrill]], architect<br />
*[[Steve Miller (musician)|Steve Miller]], musician<br />
*[[Kui Min (pianist)]]<br />
*[[Walter Mirisch]], [[Academy Award]]-winning film producer<br />
*[[Paul Monash]], former screenwriter and producer<br />
*[[Jemeel Moondoc]], musician<br />
*[[Agnes Moorehead]], actress<br />
*[[Errol Morris]], [[Academy Award]]-winning director<br />
*[[Kevin Murphy (actor)|Kevin Murphy]] writer, actor, and puppeteer for ''[[Mystery Science Theater 3000]]''<br />
*[[Michael Derrington Murphy]], chemist and musician<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
;N&ndash;Z<br />
[[Image:Frank Lloyd Wright portrait.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Frank Lloyd Wright]]]]<br />
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
*[[Floyd Naramore]], architect<br />
*[[Bruce Nauman]], glass artist<br />
*[[Ken Navarro]], jazz guitarist<br />
*[[Aaron Ohlmann]], editor, producer, and documentarian<br />
*[[Tricia O'Kelley]], actress<br />
*[[Lance Olsen]], writer and author<br />
*[[Irna Phillips]], actress; soap opera writer and script editor<br />
*[[Meinhardt Raabe]], Munchkin in the [[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|''Wizard of Oz'']]<br />
*[[Nathan Rabin]], film critic<br />
*[[Som Ranchan]], poet<br />
*[[Rosetta Reitz]], jazz historian<br />
*[[Mark Rosenberg]], film producer<br />
*[[Tom Rosenberg]], [[Academy Award]]-winning film producer<br />
*[[Brad Rowe (actor)|Brad Rowe]], actor<br />
*[[Gena Rowlands]], actress<br />
*[[Boz Scaggs]] (Wm. Royce Scaggs), musician<br />
*[[Ira Schneider]], video artist<br />
*[[Jana Schneider]], actress and journalist<br />
*[[Jon Schueler]], artist<br />
*[[Michael Schultz]], filmmaker and television director<br />
*[[Delmore Schwartz]], poet<br />
*[[Seann William Scott]], actor<br />
*[[Barolong Seboni]], poet<br />
*[[Brittany Shane]], singer and songwriter<br />
*[[Tom Shannon (artist)]]<br />
*[[Ben Sidran]], jazz pianist<br />
*[[Tormod Skagestad]], director of [[Det Norske Teatret]]<br />
*[[Bently Spang]], multidisciplinary artist<ref>{{cite news |last=Rod |first=Luann |title=Bently Spang examines culture with humor in Emerson installation |url=http://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/arts_and_entertainment/art/article_43bc7f70-4b65-11e0-8265-001cc4c002e0.html |accessdate=19 December 2012 |newspaper=[[Bozeman Daily Chronicle]] |date=11 March 2011 |location=Bozeman, Montana}}</ref><br />
*[[Lev L. Spiro]], television director<br />
*[[Brian Stack]], Emmy Award-winning writer and comic<br />
*[[Josh Stamberg]], actor<br />
*[[Leon C. Standifer]], horticulturist, novelist, and writer<br />
*[[Richard Steven Street]], photographer<br />
*[[Robert Stone (director)]]<br />
*[[Herbert Stothart]], film composer<br />
*[[Sun Yu (director)|Sun Yu]], film director<br />
*[[David Susskind]], producer of film and television<br />
*[[John Szarkowski]], curator and photographer<br />
*[[Daniel J. Travanti]], [[Emmy Award]]-winning actor<br />
*[[Charlie Trotter]], chef/PBS host<br />
*[[Neal Ulevich]], photographer<br />
*[[James Valcq]], composer<br />
*[[Michael Velliquette]], artist<br />
*[[Butch Vig]], musician, [[Garbage (band)|Garbage]]<br />
*[[Eric Villency]], interior designer<br />
*[[William Walton (painter)|William Walton]], painter, government official<br />
*[[Marc Webb]], film, television, and music video director<br />
*[[Matt White (musician)|Matt White]], singer-songwriter<br />
*[[Nancy Metz White]], sculptor<br />
*[[John Wilde]], painter<br />
*[[Allee Willis]], songwriter<br />
*[[Tom Wopat]], actor/musician<br />
*[[Frank Lloyd Wright]] (attended), architect<br />
*[[Frank Wu]], science-fiction artist<br />
*[[Jorge Zamacona]], television writer and producer<br />
*[[Marilyn J Ziffrin]], composer<br />
*[[David Zucker (filmmaker)|David Zucker]], movie director/producer<br />
*[[Jerry Zucker (film director)|Jerry Zucker]], movie director/producer<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Aviators and astronauts===<br />
[[Image:Charles Lindbergh detail 3c16807u.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Charles Lindbergh]]]]<br />
[[Image:Laurel Clark, NASA photo portrait in blue suit.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Laurel Clark]]]]<br />
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
*[[Laurel Clark]], astronaut<br />
*[[Roger G. DeKok]], astronaut<br />
*[[Walter Edwin Lees]], aviator<br />
*[[Charles Lindbergh]], aviator (did not graduate)<br />
*[[Nathan J. Lindsay]], astronaut<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/Biographies/Display/tabid/225/Article/106391/major-general-nathan-j-lindsay.aspx|title= MAJOR GENERAL NATHAN J. LINDSAYpublisher= U S Air Force|accessdate= November 14, 2013}}</ref><br />
*[[Jim Lovell]], astronaut, [[Apollo 13]] mission<br />
*[[Robert Campbell Reeve]], founder of [[Reeve Aleutian Airways]]<br />
*[[Richard V. Rhode]], aeronautical engineer, NACA and [[NASA]]; awarded [[Wright Brothers Medal]] in 1937<br />
*[[Brewster Shaw]], astronaut, former director, Space Shuttle Operations, [[NASA]]<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Business===<br />
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
*[[Carol Bartz]], former CEO of [[Yahoo!]], former chairman of the board, president, and CEO of [[Autodesk|Autodesk, Inc.]].<br />
*[[Randall Boe]], general counsel for [[AOL]]<br />
*[[Jerome Chazen]], co-founder of [[Liz Claiborne]]<br />
*[[Chow Chung-Kong]], CEO of [[MTR Corporation]]<br />
*[[Michael J. Critelli]], executive chairman of [[Pitney Bowes]]<br />
*[[William H. Davidson (motorcycle racer)|William H. Davidson]], former President, [[Harley-Davidson]]<br />
*[[Willie G. Davidson]], former Vice President, [[Harley-Davidson]]<br />
*[[Thomas J. Falk]], CEO of [[Kimberly Clark]]<br />
*[[Donald Goerke]], [[Campbell Soup Company]] executive, inventor of [[SpaghettiOs]]<br />
*[[William S. Harley]], founder of [[Harley-Davidson]]<br />
*[[Charles Walter Hart]], founder of [[Oliver Farm Equipment Company#Hart-Parr Gasoline Engine Company|Hart-Parr Gasoline Engine Company]], coined the word "[[tractor]]"<br />
*[[Harvey V. Higley]], president of [[Ansul]]<br />
*[[David J. Lesar]] chairman, president and CEO of [[Halliburton Energy Services]]<br />
*[[Larry McVoy]], CEO, [[Bitmover]]<br />
*[[Kevin Mather]], baseball executive<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://seattle.mariners.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20140124&content_id=67078108&vkey=pr_sea&c_id=sea |title=Kevin Mather named Mariners President & COO; Bob Aylward named Chairman of NW Sports Net LLC (the regional sports network ROOT Sports NW) |publisher=[[MLB.com]]|date=January 24, 2014 |accessdate=January 29, 2014}}</ref><br />
*[[John P. Morgridge]], chairman of the board, former president and CEO of [[Cisco Systems]], philanthropist<br />
*[[William Beverly Murphy]], former president and CEO [[Campbell Soup Company]]<br />
*[[Keith Nosbusch]], CEO, [[Rockwell Automation]]<br />
*[[Richard Notebaert]], former chairman and CEO of [[Qwest]], [[Tellabs]] and [[Ameritech]]<br />
*[[Daniel J. Piette]], director of [[Petroleum Geo-Services]], president and CEO of [[OpenSpirit Corporation]]<br />
*[[Lee R. Raymond]], former chairman and CEO, [[Exxon Mobil]]<br />
*[[Philip D. Reed]], former president of [[GE]]<br />
*[[Stephen S. Roach]], economist with [[Morgan Stanley]]<br />
*[[John Rowe (CEO) Exelon]]<br />
*[[Kenneth L. Schroeder]], CEO, [[KLA-Tencor]]<br />
*[[Deven Sharma]], president of [[Standard and Poor's]]<br />
*[[Reuben Trane]], president of [[Trane]]<br />
*[[Elmer Winter]] (1912–2009), founder of [[Manpower Inc.]]<ref>Martin, Douglas. [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/30/business/30winter.html "Elmer Winter, 97, Co-Founder of Manpower Temp Agency, Dies "], ''[[The New York Times]]'', October 30, 2009. Retrieved November 2, 2009.</ref><br />
*[[Lewis Wolff]], real estate developer and owner of the [[Oakland Athletics]] and [[San Jose Earthquakes]]<br />
*[[Zhu Yunlai]], CEO of [[China International Capital Corp]]<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Literature===<br />
[[Image:Mrscheney.jpeg|thumb|150px|[[Lynne Cheney]]]]<br />
[[Image:JoyceCarolOates.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Joyce Carol Oates]]]]<br />
[[Image:Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings]]]]<br />
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
*[[Nazik Al-Malaika]], Iraqi poet<br />
*[[Nuala Archer]], poet<br />
*[[Deborah Blum]], Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and author<br />
*[[Susan Carpenter]], journalist and author<br />
*[[Lynne Cheney]], author, writer, and former [[Second Lady of the United States]]<br />
*[[Donald Clarke (writer)|Donald Clarke]], author on music<br />
*[[Eleanor Clymer]], children's author<br />
*[[Betsy Colquitt]], poet<br />
*[[Jane Cooper]], poet<br />
*[[Richard Dauenhauer]], poet<br />
*[[August Derleth]], writer, editor, anthologist of [[H. P. Lovecraft]], and founder of [[Arkham House]] publishing<br />
*[[Esther Forbes]], author and [[Pulitzer Prize]] winner<br />
*[[Genevieve Foster]], author<br />
*[[Zona Gale]], author and playwright<br />
*[[Robert Greene (American author)|Robert Greene]]<br />
*[[Sam Greenlee]], author<br />
*[[Horace Gregory]], poet<br />
*[[Frederick Gutheim]], author<br />
*[[Emily Hahn]], author<br />
*[[Lorraine Hansberry]], author and playwright<br />
*[[Eva Lund Haugen]], author<br />
*[[Michael Heiser]], author and Biblical scholar<br />
*[[David Henige]], author<br />
*[[Kevin Henkes]], children's author<br />
*[[Conrad Hilberry]], poet<br />
*[[Hjalmar Holand]], author and historian<ref>{{cite web|author=Scott Crevier |url=http://www.family.crevier.org/people/hjalmarholand/ |title=CREVIER: Hjalmar Rued Holand |publisher=Family.crevier.org |date= |accessdate=2010-06-01}}</ref><br />
*[[Bell Hooks|bell hooks]], author, writer, and activist<br />
*[[Carolyn Hougan]], writer<br />
*[[Jim Hougan]], writer<br />
*[[Jens Joneleit]], composer<br />
*[[Lesley Kagen]], author<br />
*[[Jay Kennedy]], editor-in-chief of [[King Features Syndicate]]<br />
*[[Herbert Kubly]], author and playwright<br />
*[[Margery Latimer]], author and writer<br />
*[[Ann Lauterbach]], poet<br />
*[[Gordon MacQuarrie]], author, writer, and outdoorsman<br />
*[[Lotte Motz]], scholar of [[German mythology]]<br />
*[[Joyce Carol Oates]], [[National Book Award]]-winning author and professor at [[Princeton University]]<br />
*[[Ed Ochester]], poet<br />
*[[Lance Olsen]], author and writer<br />
*[[Sigurd F. Olson]], author and naturalist<br />
*[[Alicia Ostriker]], poet<br />
*[[Kenneth Patchen]], poet<br />
*[[Gerald Peary]], film critic<br />
*[[Robert Peters]], poet, playwright, critic, and professor<br />
*[[Richard Quinney]], author<br />
*[[Som Ranchan]], scholar and author<br />
*[[Ellen Raskin]], author<br />
*[[Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings]], [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning author<ref name="L&S">{{cite web | title = Examples of L & S Excellence Include| publisher = University of Wisconsin | url = http://www.ls.wisc.edu/honors.htm | accessdate = 2008-09-20}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><br />
*[[David Salo]], linguist<br />
*[[Mark Schorer]], writer, critic, and professor<br />
*[[Delmore Schwartz]], poet and writer<br />
*[[Barolong Seboni]], poet<br />
*[[Clifford D. Simak]], science fiction author<br />
*[[Tormod Skagestad]], poet<br />
*[[Raymond J. Smith]], literary critic<br />
*[[John Snead]], writer and role player<br />
*[[Midori Snyder]], writer and author<br />
*[[David Stephenson (poet)|David Stephenson]], poet<br />
*[[Peter Straub]], author, recipient of the [[Bram Stoker Award]], [[World Fantasy Award]], and the [[International Horror Guild Award]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uwalumni.com/daa2009straub.aspx |title=Wisconsin Alumni Association - DAA 2009: Susan and Peter Straub |publisher=Uwalumni.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-01}}</ref><br />
*[[Terry Tarnoff]], writer and author<br />
*[[Mark Tatge]], journalist<br />
*[[Steve Tittle]], Canadian composer<br />
*[[Danielle Trussoni]], writer from [[La Crosse, Wisconsin|La Crosse]]<br />
*[[Francis Utley]], folklorist and linguist<br />
*[[James Valcq]], composer and writer<br />
*[[Stanley G. Weinbaum]], science fiction author<br />
*[[Jody Weiner]], novelist, author, film producer<br />
*[[Patricia Wells]], author<br />
*[[Eudora Welty]], Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist<ref name="L&S"/><br />
*[[Viola S. Wendt]], poet<br />
*[[E.J. Westlake]], playwright<br />
*[[Frank Wu]], science fiction artist<br />
*[[Mark Wunderlich]], poet<br />
*[[Marya Zaturenska]], poet<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
===News, journalism, and broadcasting===<br />
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
*[[Roy Adams]], Canadian journalist<br />
*[[Mary Agria]], journalist/author<br />
*[[Lynsey Addario]], photojournalist<br />
*[[Irene Osgood Andrews]], former labor journalist<br />
*[[Jim Armstrong (sports journalist)|Jim Armstrong]], sports writer, ''[[The Denver Post]]''<br />
*[[Robert L. Bartley]], former editor, ''[[Wall Street Journal]]''<br />
*[[Ira Basen]], producer, [[CBC Radio]]<br />
*[[Lowell Bergman]], Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist<ref name="L&S"/><br />
*[[Deborah Blum]], Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and author.<br />
*[[Walt Bogdanich]], editor, [[New York Times]]<br />
*[[Nathan Brackett]], senior editor ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine.<br />
*[[Rita Braver]], national reporter, [[CBS News]]<br />
*[[Jane Brody]], columnist, ''[[New York Times]]''<br />
*[[Peter Brunette]], film critic ''([[Hollywood Reporter]])'' and film historian.<br />
*[[Chris Bury]], correspondent, [[Nightline (US news program)|Nightline]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/nightline/news/story?id=128635 |title=Chris Bury - ABC News |publisher=Abcnews.go.com |date=2008-09-01 |accessdate=2010-06-01}}</ref><br />
*[[Erik Bye]], Norwegian journalist<br />
*[[Tim Cahill (writer)|Tim Cahill]], adventure travel writer, founding editor of [[Outside (magazine)|''Outside'' magazine]]<br />
*[[Ethan Casey]], journalist<br />
*[[John Darnton]], journalist<br />
*[[Nancy Dickerson]], journalist<br />
*[[Doris Dungey]], former blogger<br />
*[[Michael Feldman]], host of Public Radio’s ''[[Michael Feldman's Whad'Ya Know?]]''<br />
*[[Bob Franken]], correspondent, [[CNN]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cgi.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/analysis/bios/frames/cnn/franken.html |title=AllPolitics - Bios - Bob Franken |publisher=Cgi.cnn.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-01}}</ref><br />
*[[Elina Fuhrman]], journalist<br />
*[[Jeff Greenfield]], senior political correspondent, [[CBS]]<br />
*[[Ruth Gruber]], author and journalist<br />
*[[Usha Haley]], business journalist<br />
*[[Paul Ingrassia]], [[Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting|Pulitzer Prize]]-winning journalist<ref name="L&S"/><br />
*[[Don L. Johnson]], journalist and author<br />
*[[Haynes Johnson]], Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist<ref name="L&S"/><br />
*[[Ben Karlin]], creator and former executive producer, [[The Daily Show]] and [[The Colbert Report]]<br />
*[[Andy Katz]], college basketball writer, [[ESPN]]<br />
*[[Jay Kennedy]], journalist and writer<br />
*[[Louis P. Lochner]], journalist<br />
*[[David Maraniss]], Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist<ref name="L&S"/><br />
*[[Patricia McConnell]], co-host of Public Radio's ''[[Calling All Pets]]''<br />
*[[Robert D. McFadden]], Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist<ref name="L&S"/><br />
*[[Karl E. Meyer]], journalist for [[The New York Times]] and editor of [[World Policy Journal]]<br />
*[[Michael Meyer (travel writer)]], journalist<br />
*[[Edwin Newman]], former NBC news correspondent<br />
*[[Arthur C. Nielsen Sr.]], founder of [[AC Nielsen]] (TV ratings and market research)<br />
*[[Michele Norris]], journalist at [[National Public Radio]]<br />
*[[Miriam Ottenberg]], journalist and [[Pulitzer prize]] winner<br />
*[[Danny Peary]], film critic<br />
*[[Gerald Peary]], film critic<br />
*[[Nathan Rabin]], film critic<br />
*[[Gil Reavill]], journalist and screen writer<br />
*[[Dan Ronan]], former correspondent, [[CNN]]<br />
*[[Chris Rose (journalist)]]<br />
*[[Phil Rosenthal]], columnist, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''<br />
*[[Susanne Rust]], journalist<br />
*[[Joe Schoenmann]], journalist, author<br />
*[[Joseph Sexton]], journalist and reporter with the [[New York Times]]<br />
*[[Anthony Shadid]], Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist<ref name="L&S"/><br />
*[[William P. Steven]], editor and newspaper executive,''[[Tulsa Tribune]]'', ''[[Minneapolis Tribune]]'', ''[[Houston Chronicle]]''<br />
*[[Algie Martin Simons]], journalist<br />
*[[Tom Skilling]], chief meteorologist, [[WGN-TV]]<br />
*[[William P. Steven]], journalist<br />
*[[James Suckling]], wine and cigar critic<br />
*[[Nilofar Suhrawardy]], journalist<br />
*[[Christopher Tennant]], magazine editor<br />
*[[Mildred Ladner Thompson]], former journalist<br />
*[[Stephen Thompson (producer)|Stephen Thompson]], NPR music producer<br />
*[[Steve True]], [[Emmy Award]]-winning sportscaster<br />
*[[Sarah Turner (journalist)]], reporter and activist<br />
*[[Dave Umhoefer]], Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist,<br />
*[[David C. Unger]], journalist, ''[[New York Times]]''<br />
*[[Greta Van Susteren]], broadcaster and news analyst, [[Fox News Channel]]<br />
*[[Tom Vanden Brook]], journalist with [[USA Today]]<br />
*[[Joan Walsh]], blogger<br />
*[[James Wieghart]], journalist<br />
*[[Conrad Worrill]], broadcaster<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Law and politics===<br />
[[Image:Shirley Abrahamson.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Shirley Abrahamson]]]]<br />
[[Image:Dick Cheney.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Dick Cheney]]]]<br />
[[Image:Lawrence Eagleburger.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Lawrence Eagleburger]]]]<br />
;A&ndash;G<br />
{{div col|colwidt=30em}}<br />
*[[Shirley Abrahamson]], [[Chief Justice]] of the [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Shirley Abrahamson|url=http://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/justices/abrahamson.htm|publisher=wicourts.gov|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Henry Cullen Adams]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Henry Cullen Adams|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=A000037|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Ronald E. Albers]], California judge<ref>{{cite web|title=Ronald E. Albers|url=http://www.cornellcollege.edu/cornell-report/issues/2009-fall/alum-news/index.shtml|publisher=cornellcollege.edu|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Anita Alpern]], former [[IRS]] commissioner<ref>{{cite web|title=Anita Alpern|url=http://www.american.edu/spa/resources/awards/Anita-F-Alpern-Scholarship-Fund.cfm|publisher=American University|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Arthur J. Altmeyer]], former [[Commissioner of Social Security]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Arthur J. Altmeyer|url=http://www.socialwelfarehistory.com/people/altmeyer-arthur-j/|publisher=socialwelfarehistory.com|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Thomas Ryum Amlie]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Thomas Ryum Amlie|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=A000176|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Rasmus B. Anderson]], U.S. diplomat<ref>{{cite web|title=Rasmus B. Anderson|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2545&term_type_id=1&term_type_text=People&letter=A|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Iajuddin Ahmed]], former [[President of Bangladesh]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Iajuddin Ahmed|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1012375/Iajuddin-Ahmed|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Wilson Ndolo Ayah]], former Foreign Minister, [[Kenya]]{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}<br />
*[[William Bablitch]], former justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=William Bablitch|url=http://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/justices/retired/bablitch.htm|publisher=wicourts.gov|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Sergio Balanzino]], Italian diplomat<ref>{{cite web|title=Sergio Balanzino|url=http://www.zoominfo.com/s/#!search/profile/person?personId=3496767&targetid=profile|publisher=Zoom Information, Inc|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Tammy Baldwin]], U.S. Senator<ref>{{cite web|title=Tammy Baldwin|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=b001230|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Hiram Barber, Jr.]], U.S. Representative from [[Illinois]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Hiram Barber, Jr.|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000120|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Peter W. Barca]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Peter W. Barca|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B001226|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Charles V. Bardeen]], former justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Charles V. Bardeen|url=http://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/justices/retired/bardeen.htm|publisher=.wicourts.gov|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Elmer E. Barlow]], justice, Wisconsin Supreme Court<ref>{{cite web|title=Elmer E. Barlow|url=http://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/justices/retired/barlow.htm|publisher=wicourts.gov/|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Robert Barnett (lawyer)]], attorney<ref>{{cite web|title=Robert Barnett|url=http://www.uwalumni.com/news_DAA2010BraverBarnett.aspx|publisher=Wisconsin Alumni Association|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Tom Barrett (politician)|Tom Barrett]], former U.S. Representative, mayor of [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Tom Barrett|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000177|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Charlene Barshefsky]], former U.S. Trade Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Charlene Barshefsky|url=http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/barshefsky-charlene|publisher=Jewish Women's Archive|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Robert McKee Bashford]], former Mayor of [[Madison, Wisconsin]] and former justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Robert McKee Bashford|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=1069&keyword=bashford|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Robert C. Bassett]], U.S. Presidential advisor<ref>{{cite web|title=Robert C. Bassett|url=http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/rcbassett.htm|publisher=arlingtoncemetery.net|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Susan J. M. Bauman]], former Mayor of [[Madison, Wisconsin]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Joseph D. Beck]], former [[United States Representative]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Joseph D. Beck|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000291|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Bruce F. Beilfuss]], former Chief Justice of Wisconsin<ref>{{cite web|title=Bruce F. Beilfuss|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2585&search_term=beilfuss|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Ernst Benda]], Minister of the Interior of Germany and President the [[Federal Constitutional Court of Germany]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Helen Ginger Berrigan]], federal judge<ref>{{cite web|title=Helen Ginger Berrigan|url=http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=161&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na|publisher=Federal Judicial Center|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Mario Ramón Beteta]], former Secretary of Finance, [[Mexico]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Abdirahman Duale Beyle]], Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Somalia<ref name="Spscwwtftpos">{{cite news|title=SOMALIA PM Said "Cabinet will work tirelessly for the people of Somalia"|url=http://www.midnimo.com/2014/01/17/somalia-pm-said-cabinet-will-work-tirelessly-people-somalia/|accessdate=17 January 2014|newspaper=Midnimo|date=17 January 2014}}</ref><br />
*[[George W. Blanchard]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=George W. Blanchard|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000537|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Nils Boe]], [[List of Governors of South Dakota|23rd]] [[Governor of South Dakota|Governor]] of [[South Dakota]] and [[United States federal judge|Judge]] for the [[United States Customs Court]]<ref>[http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=3199&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na Biographical Directory of Federal Judges]</ref><br />
*[[Randall Boe]], attorney<ref>{{cite web|title=Randall Boe|url=http://www.biz.uiowa.edu/tippiemba/randall-boe-visits-tippie/|publisher=, The University of Iowa|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[John W. Boehne, Jr.]], former United States Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=John W. Boehne, Jr|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000588|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Alexander Campbell Botkin]], Lieutenant Governor of Montana<ref>{{cite web|title=Alexander Campbell Botkin|url=http://www.library.wisc.edu/etext/wireader/WER0654.html|publisher=the University of Wisconsin Archives|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Ann Walsh Bradley]], Justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Ann Walsh Bradley|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2108&keyword=bradley|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Grover L. Broadfoot]], Chief Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court<ref>{{cite web|title=Grover L. Broadfoot|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2165&search_term=broadfoot|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Angie Brooks]], former President, [[United Nations General Assembly]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Angie Brooks|url=http://www.liberiaitech.com/theperspective/2007/0924200701.html|publisher=.liberiaitech.com|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Timothy Brown (judge)|Timothy Brown]], former Chief Justice of Wisconsin<ref>{{cite web|title=Timothy Brown|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2166&search_term=brown|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Webster E. Brown]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Webster E. Brown|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000946|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Edward E. Browne]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Edward E. Browne|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000955|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Andrew A. Bruce]], former Justice, [[North Dakota Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Andrew A. Bruce|url=http://www.ndcourts.gov/court/bios/bruce.htm|publisher=North Dakota Supreme Court Justices|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[George Bunn (diplomat)|George Bunn]], diplomat<ref>{{cite web|title=George Bunn|url=http://cisac.stanford.edu/news/george_bunn_cisac_professor_who_helped_curb_nuclear_arsenals_dies_20130423/|publisher=http://cisac.stanford.edu/|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[George Bunn (lawyer)|George Bunn]], former Justice, [[Minnesota Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=George Bunn|url=http://ramseylawlibrary.org/?p=324|publisher=http://ramseylawlibrary.org/|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[John R. Burke]], U.S. diplomat<ref>{{cite web|title=John R. Burke|url=http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/jrburke.htm|publisher=arlingtoncemetery.net|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Michael E. Burke]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Michael E. Burke|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B001095|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Elizabeth Burmaster]], Superintendent of Public Instruction of Wisconsin<ref>{{cite web|title=Elizabeth Burmaster|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=3084&keyword=burmaster|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Louis B. Butler]], federal judicial nominee, former Justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Louis B. Butler|url=http://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/justices/retired/butler.htm|publisher=wicourts.gov|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Walter Halben Butler]], former United States Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Walter Halben Butler|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B001193|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[John W. Byrnes]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=John W. Byrnes|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B001216|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[William G. Callow]], Wisconsin Supreme Court<ref>{{cite web|title=William G. Callow|url=http://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/justices/retired/callow.htm|publisher=wicourts.gov|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[John Campbell (diplomat)]]<ref>{{cite web|title=John Campbell|url=http://international.wisc.edu/blog/index.php/2007/04/30/ambassador-campbell-to-be-uw-madison-diplomat-in-residence/|publisher=The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System.|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Milton Robert Carr]], U.S. Representative from [[Michigan]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Milton Robert Carr|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000178|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Patrick G. Carrick]], Member of the [[Senior Executive Service (United States)|Senior Executive Service]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Patrick G. Carrick|url=http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/Biographies/Display/tabid/225/Article/108032/dr-patrick-g-carrick.aspx|publisher=.af.mil|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Dick Cheney]], former [[Vice President of the United States]] (attended UW as doctoral student; received M.A. degree but did not continue)<ref>{{cite web|title=Dick Cheney|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000344|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Dave Cieslewicz]], Mayor of [[Madison, Wisconsin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Dave Cieslewicz|url=http://news.ls.wisc.edu/humanities-the-arts/former-mayor-dave-takes-on-new-role-teaching-at-uw-madison/|publisher=Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Moses E. Clapp]], U.S. Senator from [[Minnesota]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Moses E. Clapp|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000414|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Kathryn F. Clarenbach]], first Chairperson of the [[National Organization for Women]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Kathryn F. Clarenbach|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/01/magazine/lives-well-lived-kathryn-f-clarenbach-now-then.html|publisher=The New York Times Company|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[David G. Classon]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=David G. Classon|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000474|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
* [[Wilbur J. Cohen]], Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare in the Cabinet of President Lyndon B. Johnson and "Father of Medicare."<ref>{{cite web|title=Wilbur J. Cohen|url=http://www.socialwelfarehistory.com/people/cohen-wilbur-j/|publisher=The Social Welfare History Project|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[William M. Conley]], federal judge<ref>{{cite web|title=William M. Conley|url=http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=3232&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na|publisher=Federal Judicial Center|accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Daniel Cosío Villegas]], President of the [[United Nations Economic and Social Council]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Barbara B. Crabb]], former federal judge<ref>{{cite web|title=Barbara B. Crabb|url=http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=530&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na|publisher=Federal Judicial Center|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Lawrence William Cramer]], former Governor, [[United States Virgin Islands]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Charles H. Crownhart]], former Justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Charles H. Crownhart|url=http://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/justices/retired/crownhart.htm|publisher=wicourts.gov|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref>* Dr. [[Jon Cruddas]], British Member of Parliament. He was a visiting Fellow (1987–1988)<ref>{{cite web|title=Jon Cruddas|url=http://www.zoominfo.com/s/#!search/profile/person?personId=1185152168&targetid=profile|publisher=Zoom Information, Inc.|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[John Cudahy]], U.S. diplomat<ref>{{cite web|title=John Cudahy|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=1212&search_term=cudahy|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Richard Dickson Cudahy]], judge, U.S. Court of Appeals<ref>{{cite web|title=Richard Dickson Cudahy|url=http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=540&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na|publisher=Federal Judicial Center|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[George R. Currie]], former Chief Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court<ref>{{cite web|title=George R. Currie|url=http://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/justices/retired/currie.htm|publisher=Federal Judicial Center|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref><br />
*[[Herman Dahle]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Herman Dahle|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000005|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[George Jonathan Danforth]], [[South Dakota]] State Senator{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Roland B. Day]], former Justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Roland B. Day|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2080&term_type_id=1&term_type_text=People|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref><br />
*[[John Paton Davies, Jr.]], U.S. diplomat{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Joseph E. Davies]], U.S. diplomat<ref>{{cite web|title=Joseph Davies|url=http://www.watertownhistory.org/articles/Davies,%20Joseph.htm|publisher=Watertown Historical Society|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Glenn Robert Davis]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Glenn Robert Davis|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000102|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Albert F. Dawson]], former U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Albert F. Dawson|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000150|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Ada Deer]], Head of the U.S. [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Ada Deer|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/topics/deer/|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Evo Anton DeConcini]], former justice, [[Arizona Supreme Court]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Edward Dithmar]], Lieutenant Governor of [[Wisconsin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Edward Dithmar|url=http://archive.is/LLfM9|publisher=Office of the Lt. Governor|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Christian Doerfler]], former justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Christian Doerfler|url=http://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/justices/retired/doerfler.htm|publisher=wicourts.gov|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Mark Doms]], Chief Economist, [[Economics and Statistics Administration]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Mark Doms|url=http://www.esa.doc.gov/mark-doms|publisher=esa.doc.gov|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Brian Donnelly (UK diplomat)]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[James Edward Doyle (judge)]], former [[United States federal judge|judge]] of the [[United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=James Edward Doyle|url=http://www.wiwd.uscourts.gov/courtdistrict-history|publisher=wiwd.uscourts.gov|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Jim Doyle|James Edward "Jim" Doyle]], [[List of Governors of Wisconsin|44th]] [[Governor of Wisconsin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Jim Doyle|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=3004&search_term=doyle|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Lee S. Dreyfus]], [[List of Governors of Wisconsin|40th]] [[Governor of Wisconsin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Lee S. Dreyfus|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2823&keyword=Technology|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Stan Dromisky]], former member of the [[Canadian Parliament]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[F. Ryan Duffy]], former U. S. Senator and former judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals<ref>{{cite web|title=F. Ryan Duffy|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000518|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[William S. Dwinnell]], former [[Minnesota]] State Senator<br />
*[[Lawrence Eagleburger]], former [[U.S. Secretary of State]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Lawrence Eagleburger|url=http://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/eagleburger-lawrence-sidney|publisher=Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, United States Department of State|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Donald B. Easum]], former U. S. diplomat{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Herman Ekern]], Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin<ref>{{cite web|title=Herman Ekern|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2260&term_type_id=1&term_type_text=people&letter=E|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Richard Elsner]], lawyer, judge and Wisconsin state legislator<ref>{{cite web|title=Richard Elsner|url=http://www.westbranch.k12.oh.us/content_page2.aspx?cid=38|publisher=West Branch Local Schools|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Howard Engle]] (1919–2009), physician and lead plaintiff in a landmark lawsuit against the [[tobacco industry]]<ref>Weber, Bruce. [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/24/us/24engle.html "H. A. Engle, Tobacco Plaintiff, Dies at 89"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', July 04, 2009. Retrieved July 25, 2009.</ref><br />
*[[John J. Esch]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=John J. Esch|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=E000212|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Evan Alfred Evans]], former United States Appeals Court judge<ref>{{cite web|title=Evan Alfred Evans|url=http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=722&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na|publisher=Federal Judicial Center|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Tony Evers]], Superintendent of Public Instruction of Wisconsin<ref>{{cite web|title=Tony Evers|url=http://www.wtcsystem.edu/board/members/evers.htm|publisher=Wisconsin Technical College System Office|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Thomas E. Fairchild]], former United States Appeals Court judge<ref>{{cite web|title=Thomas E. Fairchild|url=http://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/ocm70665648|publisher=Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Sergio Fajardo]], former mayor of [[Medellin]], Colombia<ref>{{cite web|title=Sergio Fajardo|url=http://www.uwalumni.com/home/medellin.aspx|publisher=Wisconsin Alumni Association.|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Elizabeth P. Farrington]], former U.S. Representative, [[Hawaii Territory]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Elizabeth P. Farrington|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000035|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Joseph Rider Farrington]], former U.S. Representative, [[Hawaii Territory]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Joseph Rider Farrington|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000034|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Russ Feingold]], U.S. Senator<ref>{{cite web|title=Russ Feingold|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=f000061|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Bill Foster (Illinois politician)|Bill Foster]], U.S. Representative from [[Illinois]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Bill Foster|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000454|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Alejandro Foxley]], former Foreign Minister of [[Chile]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Chester A. Fowler]], former Justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Chester A. Fowler|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2296&term_type_id=1&term_type_text=people&letter=F|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Oscar M. Fritz]], former Chief Justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Oscar M. Fritz|url=https://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/justices/retired/fritz.htm|publisher=wicourts.gov|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Harold V. Froehlich]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Harold V. Froehlich|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000388|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
* [[G. Fred Galli]], member of the Wisconsin State Assembly<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2907&term_type_id=1&term_type_text=people&letter=G|title =Term: Galli, G. Fred 1902<br />
|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate= November 16, 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Edward J. Gehl]], former justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Edward J. Gehl|url=http://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/justices/retired/gehl.htm|publisher=wicourts.gov|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Bernard J. Gehrmann]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Bernard J. Gehrmann|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000118|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Hiram Gill]], former Mayor of [[Seattle, Washington]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Hiram Gill|url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=2755|publisher=historylink.org|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[J. Michael Gilmore]], Director of the [[Operational Test and Evaluation Directorate]]<ref>{{cite web|title=J. Michael Gilmore|url=http://www.defense.gov/bios/biographydetail.aspx?biographyid=233|publisher=defense.gov/|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Myron L. Gordon]], former federal judge<ref>{{cite web|title=Myron L. Gordon|url=http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=890&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na|publisher=Federal Judicial Center|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Robert N. Gorman]], former justice, [[Ohio Supreme Court]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Mark Andrew Green|Mark Green]], U.S. diplomat<ref>{{cite web|title=Mark Andrew Green|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=g000545|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Stephen S. Gregory]], former President, [[American Bar Association]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Harry W. Griswold]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Harry W. Griswold|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000484|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[John A. Gronouski]], [[United States Postmaster General]]<ref>{{cite web|title=John A. Gronouski|url=http://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Research-Aids/Ready-Reference/Biographies-and-Profiles/John-A-Gronouski.aspx|publisher=JOHN F. KENNEDY PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Herbert J. Grover]], educator and legislator<ref>{{cite web|title=Herbert J. Grover|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2193&search&term=grover|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Kenneth Philip Grubb]], former federal judge<ref>{{cite web|title=Kenneth Philip Grubb|url=http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=924&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na|publisher=Federal Judicial Center|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Philip Gunawardena]], former [[Sri Lanka]]n revolutionary, cabinet minister, [[India]]n freedom fighter{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Gunnar Gundersen (politician)|Gunnar Gundersen]], member of the [[Parliament of Norway]] (2005–present))<ref>{{cite web|title=Gunnar Gundersen|url=http://www.stortinget.no/no/Representanter-og-komiteer/Representantene/Representantfordeling/Representant/?perid=GAG&tab=Biography|publisher=stortinget.no|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Henry Gunderson]], Lieutenant Governor of [[Wisconsin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Henry Gunderson|url=http://archive.is/zZfBa|publisher=http://archive.is/|accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Steve Gunderson]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|url= http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000524|title= GUNDERSON, Steven Craig, (1951 - ) |publisher= Biographical Directory of the United States Congress |accessdate= October 14, 2012}}</ref><br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
;H&ndash;M<br />
[[Image:Robert M La Follette, Sr.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Robert La Follette, Sr.|Robert La Follette]]]]<br />
[[Image:Wayne Morse.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Wayne Morse]]]]<br />
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
*[[Sami Haddad]], Minister of Economy and Trade, [[Lebanon]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Sami Haddad|url=http://www.orascomci.com/index.php?id=samihaddad|publisher=orascomci.com|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[David Warner Hagen]], former federal judge<ref>{{cite web|title=David Warner Hagen|url=http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=934&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na|publisher=Federal Judicial Center|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Oscar Hallam]], justice of the [[Minnesota Supreme Court]], Dean of the [[William Mitchell College of Law]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Oscar Hallam|url=http://mn.gov/lawlib/judges/memorials/Mem220MinnHallam.pdf|publisher=http://mn.gov/|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Sa'dun Hammadi]], former Prime Minister of [[Iraq]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Don Hanaway]], former Wisconsin Attorney General{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Connor Hansen]], former justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Connor Hansen|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2125&keyword=hansen|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Doris Hanson (Wisconsin politician)|Doris Hanson]], Wisconsin politician<ref>{{cite web|title=Doris Hanson|url=http://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2007/related/proposals/ajr6.pdf|publisher=http://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Spencer Haven]], former Attorney General of [[Wisconsin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Spencer Haven|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2483&term_type_id=1&term_type_text=people&letter=H|publisher=wisconsinhistory.org|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Charles Hawks, Jr.]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Charles Hawks, Jr.|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000375|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[S.I. Hayakawa]], former U.S. Senator from California<ref>{{cite web|title=S.I. Hayakawa|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000384|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Everis A. Hayes]], U.S. Representative from California<ref>{{cite web|title=Everis A. Hayes|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000389|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Donald Hayworth]], former U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Donald Hayworth|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000412|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Ned R. Healy]], U.S. Representative from California<ref>{{cite web|title=Ned R. Healy|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000426|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Nathan Heffernan]], former justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Nathan Heffernan|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2562&keyword=heffernan|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Walter Heller]], Economist end presidential advisor{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Robert Kirkland Henry]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Robert Kirkland Henry|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000515|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Charles N. Herreid]], Governor of [[South Dakota]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Charles N. Herreid|url=http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_south_dakota/col2-content/main-content-list/title_herreid_charles.html|publisher=National Governors Association|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Emmett R. Hicks]], former [[Attorney General of Wisconsin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Emmett R. Hicks|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2349&keyword=hicks|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Harvey V. Higley]], former administrator of Veterans Affairs{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Knute Hill]], former United States Representative from the [[State of Washington]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Knute Hill|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000600|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Jeffry House]], Canadian attorney{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Henry Huber]], Lieutenant Governor of [[Wisconsin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Henry Huber|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=1428&keyword=huber|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Paul O. Husting]], U.S. Senator<ref>{{cite web|title=Paul O. Husting|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H001006|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Clifford Ireland]], U.S. Representative from [[Illinois]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Clifford Ireland|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=I000030|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
* [[Andre Jacque]], member of the [[Wisconsin State Assembly]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://legis.wisconsin.gov/pages/leg-info-bio.aspx?h=A&d=2|title= Representative Andre Jacque |publisher=Wisconsin State Legislature|accessdate= November 16, 2013}}</ref><br />
*[[Edward H. Jenison]], U.S. Representative from [[Illinois]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Edward H. Jenison|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=J000080|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Byron L. Johnson]], U.S. Representative from [[Colorado]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Byron L. Johnson|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=J000119|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[J. Leroy Johnson]], former U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=J. Leroy Johnson|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=J000157|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Lester Johnson (politician)|Lester Johnson]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Lester Johnson|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=J000158|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Sveinbjorn Johnson]], former justice, [[North Dakota Supreme Court]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Burr W. Jones]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Burr W. Jones|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=J000213|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=10 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Richard Jones (U.S. diplomat)]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Richard Jones|url=http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/biographies/jones.html|publisher=http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/|accessdate=11 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[William Carey Jones]], former U.S. Representative from [[State of Washington]]<ref>{{cite web|title=William Carey Jones|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=J000260|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=11 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Jim Jordan (Ohio politician)|Jim Jordan]], U.S. Representative, Ohio, two-time NCAA wrestling champion<ref>{{cite web|title=Jim Jordan|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=j000289|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=11 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Pallo Jordan]], former Minister of Arts and Culture, [[Republic of South Africa]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Pallo Jordan|url=http://www.info.gov.za/leaders/former/jordan.htm|publisher=.info.gov.za|accessdate=11 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Charles A. Kading]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Charles A. Kading|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000001|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=11 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Steve Kagen]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Steve Kagen|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=k000365|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=11 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Philip Mayer Kaiser]], U.S. diplomat{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Henry Kajura]], Deputy Prime Minister of [[Uganda]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Marcy Kaptur]], U.S. Representative, Ohio<ref>{{cite web|title=Marcy Kaptur|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=k000009|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=11 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Robert Kastenmeier]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Robert Kastenmeier|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000020|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=11 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[David Keene]], activist and Chairman of the [[American Conservative Union]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Oscar Keller]], U.S. Representative from [[Minnesota]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Oscar Keller|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000057|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=11 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[James C. Kerwin]], former justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=James C. Kerwin|url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/WLHBA/articleView.asp?pg=2&id=1689&hdl=&np=&adv=yes&ln=&fn=&q=&y1=&y2=&ci=&co=Dane&mhd=&shd=|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=11 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[John C. Kleczka]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=John C. Kleczka|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000260|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=11 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Frank Le Blond Kloeb]], U.S. Representative from [[Ohio]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Frank Le Blond Kloeb|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000271|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=11 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Warren P. Knowles]], [[List of Governors of Wisconsin|37th]] [[Governor of Wisconsin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Warren P. Knowles|url=http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_wisconsin/col2-content/main-content-list/title_knowles_warren.html|publisher=National Governors Associatio n|accessdate=11 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Herb Kohl]], U.S. Senator<ref>{{cite web|title=Herb Kohl|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=k000305|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=11 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Scott L. Klug]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Scott L. Klug|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000274|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=11 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Arthur W. Kopp]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Arthur W. Kopp|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000313|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=11 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Carolyn H. Krause]], member of the [[Illinois House of Representatives]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Carolyn H. Krause|url=http://ilga.gov/house/Rep.asp?MemberID=1166|publisher=Illinois General Assembly by the Legislative Information System,|accessdate=11 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Julius Albert Krug]], [[U.S. Secretary of the Interior]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Julius Albert Krug|url=http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/jakrug.htm|publisher=arlingtoncemetery.net|accessdate=11 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Akihiko Kumashiro]], member of the [[House of Representatives of Japan]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[John La Fave]], Wisconsin politician<ref>{{cite web|title=John La Fave|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2049&search_term=la+fave|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=12 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Belle Case La Follette]], women's suffragist and wife of [[Robert M. La Follette, Sr.]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Belle Case La Follette|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=287&keyword=la+follette|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=12 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Bronson La Follette]], former Attorney General of Wisconsin<ref>{{cite web|title=Bronson La Follette|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=1874&term_type_id=1&term_type_text=People&letter=L|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=12 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Philip La Follette]], [[List of Governors of Wisconsin|27th]] [[Governor of Wisconsin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Philip La Follette|url=http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_wisconsin/col2-content/main-content-list/title_la-follette_phillip.html|publisher=National Governors Association|accessdate=12 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Robert M. La Follette, Jr.]], U.S. Senator<ref>{{cite web|title=Robert M. La Follette, Jr|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000005|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=12 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Robert M. La Follette, Sr.]], [[List of Governors of Wisconsin|20th]] [[Governor of Wisconsin]], U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator<ref>{{cite web|title=Robert M. La Follette, Sr|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000004|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=12 December 2013}}</ref><br />
*[[Jeffrey M. Lacker]], President, [[Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Jeffrey M. Lacker|url=http://www.richmondfed.org/about_us/who_we_are/president_jeff_lacker/|publisher=Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond|accessdate=12 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Richard Lamm]], Governor of [[Colorado]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Richard Lamm|url=http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_colorado/col2-content/main-content-list/title_lamm_richard.html|publisher=National Governors Association|accessdate=12 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[John E. Lange]], former United States Ambassador for Health and Pandemics<ref>{{cite web|title=John E. Lange|url=http://www.unfoundation.org/who-we-are/leaders/senior-fellows/john-e-lange.html|publisher=United Nations Foundation|accessdate=12 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Peg Lautenschlager]], former Attorney General of Wisconsin{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Charles Lavine]], New York assemblyman<ref>{{cite web|title=Charles Lavine|url=http://assembly.state.ny.us/mem/?ad=013&sh=bio|publisher=http://assembly.state.ny.us/|accessdate=12 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Barbara Lawton]], Lieutenant Governor of [[Wisconsin]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Frank Le Blond Kloeb]], former U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Frank Le Blond Kloeb|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000271|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=12 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Elmer O. Leatherwood]], former U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Elmer O. Leatherwood|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000181|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=12 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Jon Leibowitz]], Chairman of the [[Federal Trade Commission]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Jon Leibowitz|url=http://www.ftc.gov/about-ftc/biographies/jon-leibowitz|publisher=FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Nick Leluk]], former member of the [[Canadian Parliament]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Theodore G. Lewis]], former justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Theodore G. Lewis|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=1519&search_term=lewis|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Lien Chan]], former vice-president of Taiwan and the [[Kuomintang]].{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Thomas A. Loftus]], U.S. diplomat<ref>{{cite web|title=Thomas A. Loftus|url=https://www.americanambassadors.org/members/thomas-a-loftus|publisher=Council of American Ambassadors|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[James B. Loken]], judge of the [[U.S. Court of Appeals]]<ref>{{cite web|title=James B. Loken|url=http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=1413&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na|publisher=Federal Judicial Center|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[William Lorge]], Wisconsin politician<ref>{{cite web|title=William Lorge|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2880&search_term=lorge|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Alan David Lourie]], judge, United States Appeals Court<ref>{{cite web|title=Alan David Lourie|url=http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/judges/alan-d-lourie-circuit-judge.html|publisher=cafc.uscourts.gov|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Claude Zeth Luse]], former federal judge<ref>{{cite web|title=Claude Zeth Luse|url=http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=1442&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na|publisher=Federal Judicial Center|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Richard Barrett Lowe]], Governor of [[American Samoa]] and [[Guam]].{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Patrick Joseph Lucey]], U.S. diplomat and Governor of [[Wisconsin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Patrick Joseph Lucey|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=1959&keyword=Governor|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Dan Maes]], [[Colorado]] politician{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Henry Maier]], former Mayor of [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Henry Maier|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2994&search&term=maier|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[James Manahan]], former U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=James Manahan|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000093|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
* [[John T. Manske]], Wisconsin State Assemblyman<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2047&term_type_id=1&term_type_text=people&letter=M|title=Manske, John T. 1952|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=2011-12-17}}</ref><br />
*[[Ben Manski]], Executive Director of the [[Liberty Tree Foundation for the Democratic Revolution]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[David W. Márquez]], former Attorney General of [[Alaska]]<ref>{{cite web|title=David W. Márquez|url=http://www.law.alaska.gov/press/releases/2006/090706-AFSCC.html|publisher=State of Alaska|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[John E. Martin]], former Chief Justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=John E. Martin|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2854&search_term=martin|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Henry F. Mason]], former justice, [[Kansas Supreme Court]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Alyssa Mastromonaco]], presidential aide<ref>{{cite web|title=Alyssa Mastromonaco|url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/staff/alyssa-mastromonaco|publisher=whitehouse.gov|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Charles McCarthy (football coach)|Charles McCarthy]], author of ''The [[Wisconsin Idea]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=Charles McCarthy|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2705&search_term=mccarthy|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Francis E. McGovern]], [[List of Governors of Wisconsin|22nd]] [[Governor of Wisconsin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Francis E. McGovern|url=http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_wisconsin/col2-content/main-content-list/title_mcgovern_francis.html|publisher=National Governors Association|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Howard J. McMurray]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Howard J. McMurray|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000579|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Alexander J. Menza]], former [[New Jersey]] legislator and judge<ref>{{cite web|title=Alexander J. Menza|url=http://nj.gov/infobank/circular/eojsc59.htm|publisher=State of New Jersey|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Balthasar H. Meyer]], member of the [[Interstate Commerce Commission]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Balthasar H. Meyer|url=http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=1451&letter=M|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Abner Mikva]], former judge, United States Appeals Court<ref>{{cite web|title=Abner Mikva|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=m000703|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Laura Miller]], former mayor of [[Dallas, Texas]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Bob Mionske]], attorney and former Olympic and professional bicycle racer{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[William J. Morgan (Wisconsin politician)]], former Attorney General of [[Wisconsin]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Kamel Morjane]], Foreign Minister of [[Tunisia]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Elmer A. Morse]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Elmer A. Morse|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M001008|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Wayne L. Morse]], U.S. Senator from [[Oregon]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Wayne L. Morse|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M001014|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Edmund C. Moy]], 38th director of the U.S. mint<ref>{{cite web|title=Edmund C. Moy|url=http://www.usmint.gov/pressroom/index.cfm?action=press_release&ID=1190|publisher=United States Mint|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Dan Mozena]], United States Ambassador to [[Angola]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Dan Mozena|url=http://dhaka.usembassy.gov/ambassador.html|publisher=.usembassy.gov|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Reid F. Murray]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Reid F. Murray|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M001112|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Louis Westcott Myers]], Chief Justice of the [[California Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Louis Westcott Myers|url=http://files.usgwarchives.net/ca/losangeles/bios/myers1296nbs.txt|publisher=.usgwarchives.net|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
;N&ndash;S<br />
[[Image:GaylordNelson.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Gaylord Nelson]]]]<br />
[[Image:Wiley Rutledge.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Wiley Rutledge]]]]<br />
[[Image:Tommy Thompson.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Tommy Thompson]]]]<br />
[[File:Julius Roehr.jpeg|thumb|150px|[[Julius Edward Roehr|Julius Roehr]]]]<br />
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
*[[Jayaprakash Narayan]], [[India]]n freedom fighter and political leader. In 1998, he was awarded the [[Bharat Ratna]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[Philleo Nash]], government official, college professor<ref>{{cite web|title=Philleo Nash|url=http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hstpaper/nashhst.htm|publisher=National Archives and Records Administration.|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[David D. Nelson]], United States Ambassador to [[Uruguay]]<ref>{{cite web|title=David D. Nelson|url=http://uruguay.usembassy.gov/formerambassadordavidnelson.html|publisher=http://uruguay.usembassy.gov/|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Gaylord Nelson]], former U.S. Senator, [[List of Governors of Wisconsin|35th]] [[Governor of Wisconsin]] and founder of [[Earth Day]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Gaylord Nelson|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=N000033|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[George B. Nelson]], former Justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=George B. Nelson|url=http://www.wicourts.gov/courts/supreme/justices/retired/nelson.htm|publisher=wicourts.gov|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[John M. Nelson]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=John M. Nelson|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=N000039|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Ivan A. Nestingen]], former Mayor of [[Madison, Wisconsin]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Ivan A. Nestingen|url=http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/Archives/IANPP.aspx|publisher=JOHN F. KENNEDY PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[Mark Neumann]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|title=Mark Neumann|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=N000054|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=14 December 2013}}</ref> <br />
*[[John Norquist]], former Mayor of [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br />
*[[David Obey]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/083/000039963/ |title=David Obey |publisher=Nndb.com |date=1969-04-01 |accessdate=2010-06-01}}</ref><br />
*[[Kenneth J. O'Connell]], Chief Justice of the [[Oregon Supreme Court]]<br />
*[[James L. O'Connor]], former Wisconsin Attorney General<br />
*[[Alvin O'Konski]], U.S. Representative<br />
*[[Tawiah Modibo Ocran]], Supreme Court judge in [[Ghana]]<br />
*[[Eric Oemig]], [[Washington (U.S. state)]] legislator<br />
*[[Conrad P. Olson]], former Justice, [[Oregon Supreme Court]]<br />
*[[Walter C. Owen]], former Justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<br />
*[[Carolyn R. Payton]], former Director, [[Peace Corps]]<br />
*[[Russell W. Peterson]], Governor of [[Delaware]]<br />
*[[Richard F. Pettigrew]], former United States Senator<br />
*[[Joy Picus]], Los Angeles, California, City Council member, 1977–91; ''Ms.'' magazine Woman of the Year<br />
*[[Huang Pi-Twan]], Minister for Culture, [[Taiwan]]<br />
*[[Roger Pillath]], retired NFL player, [[St. Louis Rams|Los Angeles Rams]] and [[Pittsburgh Steelers]]<br />
*[[Mark Pocan]], United States Representative<br />
*[[Jeanne Poppe]], Minnesota legislator, member of the [[Minnesota House of Representatives]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://minnesota.publicradio.org/projects/ongoing/votetracker/legislator_view.php?id=132|title= Rep. Jeanne Poppe|publisher= Minnesota Public Radio |accessdate= October 8, 2012}}</ref><br />
*[[Hugh H. Price]], U.S. Representative<br />
*[[David Prosser, Jr.]], Justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<br />
*[[John Abner Race]], U.S. Representative<br />
*[[David Rabinovitz]], former federal judge<br />
*[[Rudolph T. Randa]], federal judge<br />
*[[Clifford E. Randall]], U.S. Representative<br />
*[[Henry Riggs Rathbone]], former United States Representative<br />
*[[James Ward Rector]], former Wisconsin Supreme Court justice<br />
*[[Lowell A. Reed]], federal judge<br />
*[[Michael K. Reilly]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000155 |title=REILLY, Michael Kieran – Biographical Information |publisher=Bioguide.congress.gov |date= |accessdate=2010-06-01}}</ref><br />
*[[Paul Samuel Reinsch]], appointed minister to China in 1913<br />
*[[Oscar Rennebohm]], former Governor of [[Wisconsin]]<br />
*[[John W. Reynolds, Sr.]], [[Attorneys General of Wisconsin|Attorney General of Wisconsin]], 1927&ndash;1933<br />
*[[John W. Reynolds, Jr.]], [[List of Governors of Wisconsin|36th]] [[Governor of Wisconsin]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/581/000122215/ |title=John W. Reynolds |publisher=Nndb.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-01}}</ref><br />
*[[Daniel Riemer]] - UW law student who has just unseated an incumbent state legislator in the [[primary election]]<br />
*[[Fred Risser]] - Wisconsin state senator and assemblyman<br />
*[[Fred Risser (Progressive)]] - Wisconsin assemblyman<br />
*[[Charles Robb]], former United States Senator and former Governor of [[Virginia]]<br />
*[[Julie Aberg Robison]], [[Cary, North Carolina]] Councilwoman<br />
*[[Julius Edward Roehr]], member of the [[Wisconsin State Senate]] from 1897 to 1908<br />
*[[Patience Roggensack]], Justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<br />
*[[Hannah Rosenthal]], Executive Director of the [[Office to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism]]<br />
*[[Horace Rublee]], former United States Ambassador to [[Switzerland]]<br />
*[[David Sturtevant Ruder]], Chairman of the [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]<br />
*[[Wiley Rutledge]], Justice of the [[U.S. Supreme Court]]<br />
*[[Albert Morris Sames]], former federal judge<br />
*[[Arthur Loomis Sanborn]], former federal judge<br />
*[[David J. Saposs]], former chief economist for the [[National Labor Relations Board]]<br />
*[[Harry Sauthoff]], U.S. Representative<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000079 |title=SAUTHOFF, Harry - Biographical Information |publisher=Bioguide.congress.gov |date= |accessdate=2010-06-01}}</ref><br />
*[[Alan Schriber]], Chairman of the [[Public Utilities Commission of Ohio]]<br />
*[[Jim Sensenbrenner]], U.S. Representative<br />
*[[Whitney North Seymour]], former President, [[American Bar Association]]<br />
*[[John C. Shabaz]], former federal judge<br />
*[[David I. Shapiro]], attorney and activist<br />
*[[Helen Shiller]], [[Chicago, Illinois]] Alderman<br />
*[[Robert G. Siebecker]], former Chief Justice of Wisconsin<br />
*[[J. Minos Simon]], attorney, legal author in [[Lafayette, Louisiana|Lafayette]], [[Louisiana]]<br />
*[[Stewart Simonson]], Assistant Secretary of [[Public Health Emergency Preparedness]]<br />
*[[Slawomir Skrzypek]], former President, [[National Bank of Poland]]<br />
*[[Chad "Corntassel" Smith]], Principal Chief of the [[Cherokee Nation]]<br />
*[[Daniel V. Speckhard]], U.S. ambassador and diplomat<br />
*[[Paul Soglin]], Mayor of [[Madison, Wisconsin]]<br />
*[[Joan E. Spero]], former Ambassador to the [[United Nations Economic and Social Council]]<br />
*[[John Coit Spooner]], U.S. Senator<br />
*[[William Spriggs]], Assistant Secretary, [[United States Department of Labor]]<br />
*[[Janet Dempsey Steiger]], Chairperson of the [[Postal Regulatory Commission|Postal Rate Commission]] and [[Federal Trade Commission]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/491/000043362/ |title=Janet Steiger |publisher=Nndb.com |date=1963-08-10 |accessdate=2010-06-01}}</ref><br />
*[[William A. Steiger]], Congress<br />
*[[Donald Steinmetz]], former Justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<br />
*[[E. Ray Stevens]], former Justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<br />
*[[William H. Stevenson]], former United States Representative<br />
*[[Anne K. Strasdauskas]], Sheriff of [[Baltimore County, Maryland]]<br />
*[[Robert C. Strong]], U.S. diplomat<br />
*[[Jessie Sumner]], former United States Representative<br />
*[[Lori Swanson]], Attorney General of [[Minnesota]]<br />
*[[Aleksander Szczyglo]], Minister of Defense of [[Poland]]<br />
*[[Elaine Szymoniak]], former [[Iowa]] State Senator<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
;T&ndash;Z<br />
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
*[[James Albertus Tawney]], former United States Representative<br />
*[[Donald Edgar Tewes]], U.S. Representative<br />
*[[Nahathai Thewphaingarm]], former Thai Minister of Education and spokesperson of [[Thai Rak Thai]] Party<br />
*[[Lewis D. Thill]], U.S. Representative<br />
*[[George Thompson (Wisconsin politician)|George Thompson]], [[Attorney General of Wisconsin]]<br />
*[[Tommy Thompson]], former U.S. [[Secretary of Health and Human Services]]; former [[Governor of Wisconsin]] (1986–2001)<br />
*[[Vernon W. Thomson]], U.S. Representative and Governor of [[Wisconsin]]<br />
*[[Fran Ulmer]], Lieutenant Governor of [[Alaska]]<br />
*[[J.B. Van Hollen]], Attorney General of Wisconsin<br />
*[[William Freeman Vilas]], [[U.S. Secretary of the Interior]] and [[U.S. Postmaster General]]<br />
*[[Aad J. Vinje]], former Justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<br />
*[[Edward Voigt]], U.S. Representative<br />
*[[Thomas J. Walsh]], U.S. Senator from [[Montana]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/655/000177124/ |title=Thomas J. Walsh |publisher=Nndb.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-01}}</ref><br />
*[[Clement Warner]] - Civil war colonel and Wisconsin state legislator<br />
*[[Ernest Warner]] - Wisconsin assemblyman<br />
*[[Robert W. Warren]], former federal judge<br />
*[[D. Russell Wartinbee]], legislator and educator<br />
*[[Alexander Watson (diplomat)]], former U.S. diplomat<br />
*[[Edward Weidenfeld]], attorney<br />
*[[Paul Weyrich]], conservative activist and former President of the [[Free Congress Foundation]]<br />
*[[John D. Wickhem]], former Justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<br />
*[[Peter D. Wigginton]], former United States Representative<br />
*[[Jon P. Wilcox]], Justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<br />
*[[Alexander Wiley]], U.S. Senator<br />
*[[Horace W. Wilkie]], former Chief Justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<br />
*[[Aaron S. Williams]], Director, [[Peace Corps]]<br />
*[[John B. Winslow]], former Chief Justice, [[Wisconsin Supreme Court]]<br />
*[[Edwin E. Witte]], Social Security advisor to President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]<br />
*[[Leonard G. Wolf]], former United States Representative<br />
*[[Ann Wynia]], [[Minnesota]] State Representative<br />
*[[Clayton K. Yeutter]], U.S. Secretary of Agriculture<br />
*[[Rebecca Young (Wisconsin politician)|Rebecca Young]], Wisconsin politician<br />
*[[Hilbert Philip Zarky]], noted attorney<br />
*[[Norma Zarky]], attorney<br />
*[[Yeshey Zimba]], former Prime Minister of [[Bhutan]]<br />
*[[Roger H. Zion]], former United States Representative<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Military===<br />
{{div col|colwidt=30em}}<br />
*[[Frank L. Anders]], [[Medal of Honor]] recipient<br />
*[[Thomas A. Benes]], [[U.S. Marine Corps]] Major General<br />
*[[Charles Ruggles Boardman]], [[U.S. National Guard]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[Joseph J. Brandemuehl]], [[U.S. Air National Guard]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[Clarence John Brown]], [[U.S. Navy]] Vice Admiral<br />
*[[Howard G. Bunker]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Major General<br />
*[[Robert Whitney Burns]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Lieutenant General<br />
*[[Chester Victor Clifton, Jr.]], [[U.S. Army]] Major General<br />
*[[Lester Mykel Conger]], [[U.S. Army]] officer<br />
*[[James B. Currie]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Major General<br />
*[[Clinton W. Davies]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[Gary L. Ebben]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[Samuel Fallows]], [[Union Army]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[Gregory A. Feest]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Major General<br />
*[[Richard W. Fellows]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[Irving Fish]], [[U.S. Army]] Major General<br />
*[[James F. Flock]], [[U.S. Marine Corps]] Major General<br />
*[[William Frederick Hase]], [[U.S. Army]] Major General<br />
*[[J. Michael Hayes]], [[U.S. Marine Corps]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[Richard W. Hunt]], [[U.S. Navy]] Vice Admiral<br />
*[[Harry W. Jenkins]], [[U.S. Marine Corps]] Major General<br />
*[[Stephen E. Johnson]], [[U.S. Navy]] Rear Admiral<br />
*[[Donald S. Jones]], [[U.S. Navy]] Vice Admiral<br />
*[[Timothy M. Kennedy (general)]], [[U.S. National Guard]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[Richard A. Knobloch]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[Oscar Hugh La Grange]], [[Union Army]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[John David Larson]], [[U.S. National Guard]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[Daniel P. Leaf]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Lieutenant General; former Commander of [[United States Pacific Command]]<br />
*[[Otto Lessing (US General)|Otto Lessing]], [[U.S. Marine Corps]] Major General<br />
*[[John D. Logeman]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Major General<br />
*[[Michael J. McCarthy]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Major General<br />
*[[John E. McCoy]], [[U.S. Air National Guard]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[Robert Bruce McCoy]], [[U.S. National Guard]] Major General<br />
*[[Charles C. McDonald]], [[U.S. Air Force]] General<br />
*[[Montgomery Meigs]], [[U.S. Army]] General<br />
*[[Peter George Olenchuk]], [[U.S. Army]] Major General<br />
*[[Jeffrey W. Oster]], [[U.S. Marine Corps]] Lieutenant General<br />
*[[Walter P. Paluch, Jr.]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[J. Gregory Pavlovich]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[Francis E. Quinlan]], [[U.S. Marine Corps]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[Russell Burton Reynolds]], [[U.S. Army]] Major General<br />
*[[Robley S. Rigdon]], [[U.S. Army National Guard]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[Carson Abel Roberts]], [[U.S. Marine Corps]] Lieutenant General<br />
*[[Walter Schindler]], [[U.S. Navy]] Vice Admiral<br />
*[[Robert O. Seifert]], [[U.S. National Guard]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[Winant Sidle]], [[U.S. Army]] Major General<br />
*[[Fred R. Sloan]], [[U.S. Air National Guard]] Major General<br />
*[[Phillips Waller Smith]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Major General<br />
*[[Henry J. Stehling]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[Woodrow Swancutt]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Major General<br />
*[[Scott L. Thoele]], [[U.S. Army National Guard]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[Holger Toftoy]], [[U.S. Army]] Major General<br />
*[[Richard Tubb]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Brigadier General; Physician to the President<br />
*[[George V. Underwood, Jr.]], [[U.S. Army]] General; former Commander of [[Fort Bliss]] and Commander-in-Chief of [[United States Southern Command]]<br />
*[[William J. Van Ryzin]], [[U.S. Marine Corps]] Lieutenant General<br />
*[[James M. Vande Hey]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[Fred W. Vetter, Jr.]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[Don S. Wenger]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Major General<br />
*[[Robert E. Wheeler]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Brigadier General<br />
*[[Ralph Wise Zwicker]], [[U.S. Army]] Major General<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Religion===<br />
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
*[[Frank Joseph Dewane]], Bishop of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Venice in Florida]]<br />
*[[W. Patrick Donlin]], Supreme Advocate of the [[Knights of Columbus]]<br />
*[[Michael S. Heiser]], [[Christian]] author<br />
*[[Ronald Myers]], noted [[Baptist]] minister<br />
*[[Paul J. Swain]], Bishop of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls]]<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Science, technology, and engineering===<br />
[[Image:Aiken.jpeg|thumb|150px|[[Howard Aiken]]]]<br />
;A&ndash;M<br />
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
*[[Amy Aiken]], winemaker<br />
*[[Howard Aiken]], [[computer]] science pioneer and recipient [[Edison Medal]]<br />
*[[Loyal Blaine Aldrich]], astronomer<br />
*[[Ruth F. Allen]], [[plant pathologist]]<br />
*[[Gene Amdahl]], computer scientist, [[Amdahl's law]]<br />
*[[Elda Emma Anderson]], physicist<br />
*[[John Atanasoff]], inventor of the electronic [[digital computer]]<br />
*[[Chris Bangle]], automobile designer, former Chief of Design for the [[BMW Group]]<br />
*[[Florence Bascom]] (1862–1945), geologist<br />
*[[Calvin Beale]], demographer<br />
*[[Gwen Bell]], former President, [[The Computer Museum, Boston]]<br />
*[[Willard Harrison Bennett]], inventor and scientist<br />
*[[Robert Byron Bird]], chemical engineer, recipient of the [[National Medal of Science]]<br />
*[[William Bleckwenn]], neurologist and psychiatrist, instrumental in the development of the [[truth serum]]<br />
*[[Joseph Colt Bloodgood]], physician<br />
*[[Gerard C. Bond]], geologist<br />
*[[Paul Brehm]], neurobiologist<br />
*[[Ernest J. Briskey]], scientist, founder of the [[American Meat Science Association]]<br />
*[[George H. Brown (engineer)|George H. Brown]], inventor, television pioneer, and [[Edison Medal]] recipient<br />
*[[William Bunge]], geographer<br />
*[[Gail Carpenter]], neuroscientist and mathematician<br />
*[[K. K. Chen]], researcher, [[Eli Lilly and Company]]<br />
*[[John Drury Clark]], rocket engineer<br />
*[[Emily Cobabe-Ammann]], planetary scientist<br />
*[[Douglas L. Coleman]], biochemist<br />
*[[John Thomas Curtis]], botanist and ecologist, the [[Bray Curtis dissimilarity]] is partially named for him<br />
*[[Donald Dafoe]], surgeon<br />
*[[Charles A. Doswell III]], meteorologist<br />
*[[Michael Dhuey]], electrical and computer engineer, co-inventor of the [[Macintosh II]] and the [[iPod]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.engr.wisc.edu/alumni/perspective/34.2/alumniprofile.html |title=Focus on alumni: Michael Dhuey, Perspective newspaper for alumni, Winter 2008, UW-Madison Engineering |publisher=Engr.wisc.edu |date= |accessdate=2010-06-01}}</ref><br />
*[[Olin J. Eggen]], astronomer<br />
*[[Howard Engle]], physician<br />
*[[Milton H. Erickson]], psychiatrist, founder of the [[American Society of Clinical Hypnosis]] <ref>[http://www.alibris.com/search/books/qwork/7974104/used/The%20Wisdom%20of%20Milton%20H.%20Erickson:%20The%20Complete%20Volume The Wisdom of Milton H. Erickson]</ref><br />
*[[Alice Catherine Evans]], microbiologist<br />
*[[Helen J. Farabee]], mental health advocate<br />
*[[Frederick C. Finkle]], geologist<br />
*[[Michael J. Franklin]], computer scientist<br />
*[[Louis Friedman]], engineer<br />
*[[Michael Garey]], computer scientist<br />
*[[Sol Garfunkel]], mathematician<br />
*[[Harold Garner]], biophysicist<br />
*[[Meredith Gardner]], linguist and codebreaker<br />
*[[David H. Geiger]], engineer and designer of [[domed stadium]]s<br />
*[[Alwyn Howard Gentry]], botanist<br />
*[[Eloise Gerry]], scientist with [[United States Forest Service]]<br />
*[[Gerson Goldhaber]], discoverer of the [[Charm quark|charmed meson]], and [[dark energy]]<br />
*[[Sulamith Goldhaber]], physicist and spectroscopist<br />
*[[Danny Goodman]], computer scientist and programmer<br />
*[[Morris Goodman]], scientist<br />
*[[Eric D. Green]], Director of the [[National Human Genome Research Institute]]<br />
*[[Paul Haeberli]], computer programmer<br />
*[[Tom Hall]], game designer, co-founder of [[id Software]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mobygames.com/developer/sheet/view/developerId,891/ |title=Tom A. Hall |publisher=MobyGames |date= |accessdate=2010-06-01}}</ref><br />
*[[Henry Paul Hansen]], palynologist<br />
*[[Bruce William Hapke]], planetary scientist<br />
*[[Leland John Haworth]], physicist and Director of the [[National Science Foundation]]<br />
*[[Susan Lynn Hefle]], food allergen scientist<br />
*[[Ralph F. Hirschmann]] (1922–2009), [[biochemist]] who led synthesis of the first enzyme.<ref>Hevesi, Dennis [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/19/science/19hirschmann.html "Ralph F. Hirschmann, Leading Scientist on Early Enzyme Research, Dies at 87"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', July 18, 2009. Retrieved July 19, 2009.</ref><br />
*[[Earnest Hooton]], physical anthropologist<ref>[http://physanth.org/annmeet/prizes/hooton.html ]{{dead link|date=June 2010}}</ref><br />
*[[Larry R. Johnson]], President of the [[National Weather Association]]<br />
*[[Richard A. Jorgensen]], molecular geneticist<br />
*[[Willi Kalender]], inventor of [[Helical cone beam computed tomography|spiral scan computed tomography]] and professor at the [[University of Erlangen-Nuremberg]]<br />
*[[Motoo Kimura]], mathematician<br />
*[[Clyde Kluckhohn]], anthropologist<br />
*[[Elmer Kraemer]], chemist<br />
*[[Ben Lawton]], physician<br />
*[[Esther Lederberg]], microbiologist and immunologist, pioneer of [[Microbial genetics|bacterial genetics]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/11/28/BAGG5MKULR1.DTL |title=Professor Esther Lederberg - scientist |publisher=Sfgate.com |date=2006-11-28 |accessdate=2010-06-01 | first=Sabin | last=Russell}}</ref><br />
*[[Albert Lehninger]], biochemist, pioneer of [[bioenergetics]], and professor at [[Johns Hopkins University]]<br />
*[[Estella B. Leopold]], daughter of [[Aldo Leopold]] and botanist<br />
*[[Harriet Lerner]], psychologist<br />
*[[Karl Paul Link]], biochemist, discoverer of [[anticoagulant]] [[warfarin]]<br />
*[[Walter K. Link]], geologist<br />
*[[Bradley C. Livezey]], ornithologist<br />
*[[Guy Sumner Lowman, Jr.]], linguist<br />
*[[Daryl B. Lund]], food scientist and engineer, editor-chief-of [[Journal of Food Science]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://members.ift.org/IFT/Pubs/JournalofFoodSci/jfsstaff/ |title=Editorial Staff – IFT.org |publisher=Members.ift.org |date= |accessdate=2010-06-01}}</ref><br />
*[[Ken Lunde]], information processor<br />
*[[Nancy Oestreich Lurie]], anthropologist<br />
*[[Jay Lush]], geneticist<br />
*[[John F. MacGregor]], statistician<br />
*[[Seth Marder]], chemist<br />
*[[Lynn Margulis]], author of the serial [[endosymbiotic theory]] of cell development, advocate of the [[Gaia hypothesis]]. former professor at [[University of Massachusetts Amherst]].<br />
*[[William Marr]], engineer and poet<br />
*[[Karl Menninger]], psychiatrist<br />
*[[Patrick Michaels]], climatologist<br />
*[[Parry Moon]], electrical engineer, author<br />
*[[M. Laurance Morse]], microbiologist and immunologist<br />
*[[Mark Myers]], geologist and former USGS Director<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
;N&ndash;Z<br />
[[Image:JohnLSavageBOR.jpg|thumb|150px|[[John L. Savage]]]]<br />
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
*[[Walter Nance]], geneticist<br />
*[[Homer E. Newell, Jr.]], mathematician<br />
*[[Paula M. Niedenthal]], psychologist<br />
*[[Arthur Nielsen]], market analyst<br />
*[[Larry E. Overman]], chemist<br />
*[[Zorba Paster]], physician<br />
*[[Brian Paul]], computer programmer of the [[Mesa 3D]] open source graphics library<br />
*[[Emanuel R. Piore]], former Director of Research, [[IBM]]<br />
*[[Lynn Ponton]], psychiatrist<br />
*[[Richard V. Rhode]], aeronautical engineer<br />
*[[Sylvia Rimm]], psychology<br />
*[[Anita Roberts]], molecular biologist<br />
*[[Carl Rogers]], psychologist, co-founder [[humanistic psychology]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio_rogers.htm |title=Carl Rogers - Biography of Carl Rogers |publisher=Psychology.about.com |date=1902-01-08 |accessdate=2010-06-01}}</ref><br />
*[[Marshall Rosenberg]], psychologist<br />
*[[Harry Luman Russell]], bacteriologist<br />
*[[Joseph F. Rychlak]], psychologist<br />
*[[David Salo]], linguist and translator<br />
*[[John C. Sanford]], plant geneticist<br />
*[[John L. Savage]], chief engineer of [[Hoover Dam]]<br />
*[[William Schaus]], entomologist<br />
*[[Edward Schildhauer]], a chief engineer on the [[Panama Canal]] project<br />
*[[Robert Serber]], physicist, participated in the [[Manhattan Project]]<br />
*[[Dick Smith (software)|Dick Smith]], software engineer and computer consultant<br />
*[[James E. Smith (engineer)|James E. Smith]], computer engineer<br />
*[[Willem P.C. Stemmer]], engineer<br />
*[[Chauncey Guy Suits]], former research director for [[GE]]<br />
*[[M.S. Swaminathan]], [[Green Revolution in India|Father of the Green Revolution in India]]<br />
*[[Helmer Swenholt]], commanding officer of the [[332nd Engineer General Service Regiment]]<br />
*[[Katia Sycara]], roboticist<br />
*[[Stephen Taber III]], apiologist<br />
*[[Auguste Taton]], botanist<br />
*[[Earle M. Terry]], formed [[WHA (AM)]], the first radio station to clearly transmit human speech, with [[Edward Bennett (physicist)|Edward Bennett]]<br />
*[[Victor A. Tiedjens]], scientist<br />
*[[James Tour]], synthetic organic chemist<br />
*[[Tso Wung-Wai]], professor at the [[Chinese University of Hong Kong]], political activist<br />
*[[Marilyn Tremaine]], computer scientist<br />
*[[Glenn Thomas Trewartha]], geographer<br />
*[[Billie Lee Turner II]], geographer<br />
*[[Kameshwar C. Wali]], research physicist and science writer<br />
*[[John Watrous (computer scientist)]], quantum theorist of computing<br />
*[[Warren Weaver]], pioneer of [[machine translation]]<br />
*[[I. Bernard Weinstein]], physician<br />
*[[Louis Jolyon West]], psychiatrist<br />
*[[Albert Whitford]], astronomer<br />
*[[Dave Winer]], software designer<br />
*[[Samuel D. Wonders]], engineer, president of [[Carter's Ink Company]]<br />
*[[Gordon Woods]], veterinary scientist<br />
*[[Charles E. Woodworth]], entomologist<br />
*[[A. Wayne Wymore]], systems engineer and mathematician<br />
*[[Ned Xoubi]], nuclear engineer<br />
*[[John Zillman]], meteorologist<br />
*[[Otto Julius Zobel]], inventor of the [[m-derived filter]] and the [[Zobel network]]<br />
*[[Peigen Li]], president of [[Huazhong University of Science and Technology]], [[mechanics]] specialist, member of [[Chinese Academy of Engineering]]<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Other notable alumni===<br />
[[Image:John Muir.jpg|thumb|150px|[[John Muir]]]]<br />
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
*[[Milo Aukerman]], biochemist, front man of the [[Descendents (band)|Descendents]]<br />
*[[Frank J. Christensen]], American labor leader<br />
*[[Clarence Chamberlin]], aviation pioneer<br />
*[[Kathryn F. Clarenbach]], first chairwoman of the [[National Organization for Women]]<br />
*[[Tim Cordes]], blind physician<br />
*[[Helen J. Farabee]] (1934–1988), mental health activist in Texas<br />
*[[Robert Fassnacht]], graduate student, killed in the [[Sterling Hall bombing]]<br />
*[[Ada Fisher]], physician<br />
*[[Frederick Gutheim]], urban planner<br />
*[[Eva Lund Haugen]], author and editor<br />
*[[Jerome Heckenkamp]], computer hacker<br />
*[[Phil Hellmuth]], 13-time [[World Series of Poker|WSOP]] bracelet-winning champion<br />
*[[Prynce Hopkins]], activist and psychologist<br />
*[[Robert Kotler]], physician<br />
*[[Mary Lasker]], health activist, recipient of the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] and [[Congressional Gold Medal]]<br />
*[[John Muir]] (1838—1914), naturalist, founder of the [[Sierra Club]], instrumental in preserving [[Yosemite National Park]]<br />
*[[Carol Myers-Scotton]], linguist<br />
*[[Sigurd F. Olson]], conservationist<br />
*[[Pauline Park]], transgender activist<br />
*[[Janet Meakin Poor]], landscape designer<br />
*[[Rafael Rangel Sostmann]], Rector of [[Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education]] and member of the World Bank.<br />
*[[Lori Ringhand]], judicial analyst<br />
*[[Carl Schramm]], President, [[Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation]]<br />
*[[Bud Selig]], Commissioner of [[Major League Baseball]]<br />
*[[Bill Stumpf]], furniture designer<br />
*[[Charlie Trotter]], chef<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
=== Fictional alumni and faculty ===<br />
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
*[[Mad Men#Supporting characters|Harold "Harry" Crane]], head of Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce's television department in ''[[Mad Men]]''<br />
*[[Jack and Maddie Fenton]], scientist parents of ''[[Danny Phantom]]''<br />
*LN Fisher-Herrin, condescending but well-meaning UW professor, a character in the 2009 film ''[[Away We Go]]''<br />
*[[Laurie Forman]], character on the [[situation comedy]] ''[[That '70s Show]]'' (did not graduate)<br />
*Will Hayes, protagonist of the film ''[[Definitely, Maybe]]''<br />
*[[Vlad Plasmius|Vladimir "Vlad" Masters, a/k/a Vlad Plasmius]], [[supervillain]] and foe of ''Danny Phantom''<br />
*Paige Morgan (of [[Manitowoc, Wisconsin|Manitowoc]]), who meets (as a student at Madison)and ultimately marries the [[Danish Royal Family|Crown Prince]] of [[Denmark]], thus ascending to the Danish throne, in the film ''[[The Prince and Me]]'' and its sequel.<br />
*[[Donna Moss]], [[Executive Office of the President of the United States|White House staffer]] in the television series ''[[The West Wing]]'' (dropped out half-way through to support her boyfriend as he went through [[University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health|medical school]])<br />
*Allison Parker, [[receptionist]] character in the 1992 [[prime time]] [[soap opera]] ''[[Melrose Place#Cast and characters|Melrose Place]]''<br />
*A. Clarence Shandon, MBA, protagonist of the novel ''[[Silverlock]]''<br />
*Andrew Shepherd, former UW professor and now [[President of the United States]], protagonist of the 1995 film ''[[The American President]]''<br />
*James Walker, B.A. in History, ''magna cum laude'', [[business executive]] protagonist of the short-lived television series ''[[Big Shots (TV series)|Big Shots]]''<br />
*Chris, played by ''[[Will Arnett]]'' on the situation comedy ''[[Parks and Recreation]]'', says he went to UW for both his undergrad and grad-school work. "No, Badgers." http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RyrV-AmwNHM<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
==Chancellors and presidents==<br />
{{Main|List of Presidents and Chancellors of the University of Wisconsin–Madison}}<br />
<br />
== Notable faculty and staff ==<br />
{{Commons category|University of Wisconsin-Madison faculty}}<br />
;A&ndash;G<br />
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
*[[Martha W. Alibali]], psychologist<br />
*[[Timothy F. H. Allen]], botanist<br />
*[[Stub Allison]], head coach of the [[1920 Washington Sun Dodgers football team|Washington Huskies]], [[South Dakota Coyotes]], and [[California Golden Bears football|California Golden Bears]] football teams, [[Washington Huskies men's basketball|Washington Huskies]] men's basketball team, and [[Washington Huskies]] baseball team<br />
*[[Ann Althouse]], professor of law and well-known [[wikt:Blogger|blogger]]<br />
*[[Rasmus B. Anderson]], professor, author, diplomat<br />
*[[Michael Apple]], leading educational theorist<br />
*[[Richard Askey]], mathematician, the [[Askey–Wilson polynomials]] and [[Askey–Gasper inequality]] are partially named for him<br />
*[[Louis Winslow Austin]], physicist, recipient of the [[IEEE Medal of Honor]]<br />
*[[Stephen Babcock]], inventor of the [[Babcock test]] for measuring the butterfat content of milk<br />
*[[Bob Babich (American football coach)|Bob Babich]], [[NFL]] assistant coach<br />
*[[Eric Bach]], computer scientist<br />
*[[Ira Baldwin]], bacteriologist<br />
*[[Charles Russell Bardeen]], first dean of the [[University of Wisconsin Medical School]]<br />
*[[Amy Barger]], astronomer<br />
*[[Michael N. Barnett|Michael Barnett]], scholar of international relations<br />
*[[Kevin Barrett]], associate lecturer known for publicly advocating a [[conspiracy theory]] regarding the [[September 11th attacks]]<br />
*[[Quan Barry]], poet<br />
*[[Helmut Beinert]], professor of biochemistry<br />
*[[Edward Bennett (physicist)|Edward Bennett]], professor of electrical engineering, formed [[WHA (AM)]], the first radio station to clearly transmit human speech, with [[Earle M. Terry]]<br />
*[[Tony Bennett (basketball)|Tony Bennett]], [[NBA]] player and head coach of the [[Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball|Virginia Cavaliers]] men's basketball team<br />
*[[Leonard Berkowitz]], psychologist<br />
*[[Robert Byron Bird]], chemical engineer, recipient of the [[National Medal of Science]]<br />
*[[George David Birkhoff]], mathematician, discoverer of the [[ergodic theorem]]<br />
*[[Lisle Blackbourn]], [[NFL]] head coach<br />
*[[Gary Blackney]], head coach of the [[Bowling Green Falcons football|Bowling Green Falcons]] football team<br />
*[[Earl Blaik]], head coach of the [[Dartmouth Big Green football|Dartmouth Big Green]] and [[Army Black Knights football|Army Black Knights]] football teams, member of the [[College Football Hall of Fame]]<br />
*[[William Bleckwenn]], neurologist and psychiatrist, instrumental in the development of the [[truth drug]]<br />
*[[Craig Bohl]], head coach of the [[North Dakota State Bison]] football team<br />
*[[David Bordwell]], prominent neoformalist film theorist and author<br />
*[[George E. P. Box]], statistician<br />
*[[Paul S. Boyer]], historian of American thought and culture<br />
*[[Léon Brillouin]], physicist<br />
*[[Royal Alexander Brink]], plant geneticist<br />
*[[Thomas D. Brock]], microbiologist<br />
*[[Martin Bronfenbrenner]], economist<br />
*[[Aaron Brower]], professor of [[social work]] and Vice-Provost for Teaching & Learning<br />
*[[Richard A. Brualdi]], professor of combinatorial mathematics<br />
*[[Robert V. Bruce]], winner of the 1988 [[Pulitzer Prize for History]]<br />
*[[Edgar Buckingham]], physicist<br />
*[[Tim Buckley (basketball)|Tim Buckley]], head coach of the [[Ball State Cardinals men's basketball|Ball State Cardinals]] men's basketball team<br />
*[[Jacob Burney]], [[NFL]] assistant coach<br />
*[[Robert H. Burris]], recipient of the [[National Medal of Science]]<br />
*[[Angus Cameron (politician)|Angus Cameron]], U.S. Senator<br />
*[[Sean B. Carroll]], professor of evolutionary biology<br />
*[[Frederic G. Cassidy]], Editor-in-Chief of the [[Dictionary of American Regional English]]<br />
*[[Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin]], Founder the [[Journal of Geology]]<br />
*[[Bill Chandler]], head coach of the [[Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball|Iowa State Cyclones]] and [[Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball|Marquette Golden Eagles]] men's basketball teams<br />
*[[Y. Austin Chang]], professor of material engineering<br />
*[[Chang Jen-Hu]], Chairman of the Board of Directors of [[Chinese Culture University]]<br />
*[[Arthur B. Chapman]], Professor of Animal Breeding and Genetics<br />
*[[Geep Chryst]], [[NFL]], assistant coach<br />
*[[Paul Chryst]], [[NFL]], assistant coach<br />
*[[Clarence S. Clay, Jr.]], geophysics faculty<br />
*[[W. Wallace Cleland]], biochemist<br />
*[[John Coatta]], [[NFL]] scout<br />
*[[Eddie Cochems]], head coach of the [[North Dakota State Bison football|North Dakota State Bison]], [[Clemson Tigers football|Clemson Tigers]], [[Saint Louis Billikens]], and [[Maine Black Bears]] football teams<br />
*[[Bill Cofield]], former men's basketball head coach, first African American coach of a major sport in the [[Big Ten Conference]]<br />
*[[John R. Commons]], one of the architects of [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] in the United States<br />
*[[Clifton F. Conrad]], professor of educational leadership & policy analysis<br />
*[[Ron Cooper (football coach)|Ron Cooper]], head coach of the [[Eastern Michigan Eagles football|Eastern Michigan Eagles]], [[Louisville Cardinals football|Louisville Cardinals]], and [[Alabama A&M Bulldogs]] football teams<br />
*[[Elizabeth A. Craig]], biochemistry professor<br />
*[[William Cronon]], Frederick Jackson Turner and Vilas Research Professor of History, Geography, and Environmental Studies, winner of the [[Bancroft Prize]], recipient of [[MacArthur fellowship]]<br />
*[[James F. Crow]], professor of genetics, population geneticist<br />
*[[John Culbertson]], professor of economics<br />
*[[Richard N. Current]], historian<br />
*[[Merle Curti]], historian of U.S. intellectual history<br />
*[[Philip D. Curtin]], historian<br />
*[[John Thomas Curtis]], botanist and ecologist, the [[Bray Curtis dissimilarity]] is partially named for him<br />
*[[Marshall E. Cusic Jr.]], [[U.S. Navy]] admiral, Chief of the U.S. Navy Medical Reserve Corps<br />
*[[Scott Cutlip]], dean of the [[University of Georgia]] [[Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication|College of Journalism and Mass Communication]]<br />
*[[Farrington Daniels]], early researcher in [[solar energy]]<br />
*[[Richard Davis (double bassist)|Richard Davis]], jazz bassist<br />
*[[Richard Davidson]], professor of psychology and psychiatry, widely known for his mind-body research <ref>[http://psych.wisc.edu/faculty/bio/davidson.html ]{{dead link|date=June 2010}}</ref><br />
*[[Carl de Boor]], professor emeritus of mathematics and computer science; winner of [[National Medal of Science]], best known for pioneering work on splines<br />
*[[Hector DeLuca]], researcher of vitamin D<br />
*[[Robert Disque]], President of the [[Drexel University|Drexel Institute of Technology]]<br />
*[[Dave Doeren]], head coach of the [[Northern Illinois Huskies football|Norther Illinois Huskies]] football team<br />
*[[Donald Downs]], professor of political science<br />
*[[Mitchell Duneier]], sociologist<br />
*[[Mike Eaves]], [[NHL]] player and assistant coach<br />
*[[Jordan Ellenberg]], professor of mathematics, novelist, writer<br />
*[[Edward C. Elliott]], educational researcher and Purdue University president<br />
*[[Amy Burns Ellis]], professor of mathematics education<br />
*[[Richard Theodore Ely]] (1854–1943), professor, social activist, economist<br />
*[[Joseph Erlanger]], 1944 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]<br />
*[[Nathan Feinsinger]], chairman of the [[Wage Stabilization Board]] and associate general counsel to the [[National War Labor Board]]<br />
*[[Carl Russell Fish]], professor of history<br />
*[[Perry A. Frey]], professor of biochemistry<br />
*[[Milton Friedman]], associate professor of Economics [[Nobel Prize for Economics]]<br />
*[[John Gallagher III]], editor of the [[Astronomical Journal]]<br />
*[[Adam Gamoran]], professor of sociology and director, Wisconsin Center for Education Research<br />
*[[Morton Ann Gernsbacher]], professor of [[psychology]] and president of the [[Association for Psychological Science]]<br />
*[[Harvey Goldberg]], historian<br />
*[[James R. Goodman]], professor of [[computer science]] and computer architect, known for his work on [[Cache coherency|cache coherence]] protocols<br />
*[[Doug Graber]], [[NFL]] assistant coach<br />
*[[M. Elizabeth Graue]] professor of Curriculum and Instruction<br />
*[[Michelle Grabner]], professor of art<br />
*[[Luther W. Graef]], President of the [[American Society of Civil Engineers]]<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
;H&ndash;M<br />
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
*[[Mike Hankwitz]], head coach of the [[Arizona Wildcats football|Arizona Wildcats]] and [[Colorado Buffaloes football|Colorado Buffaloes]] football teams<br />
*[[Harry Harlow]], psychologist, known for studies on affection using [[rhesus monkey]]s with artificial mothers<br />
*[[Edwin B. Hart]], conductor of the [[single-grain experiment]], the [[Institute of Food Technologists|Institute of Food Technologists']] [[Babcock-Hart Award]] is partially named after him<br />
*[[Einar Haugen]], linguist<br />
*[[Robert J. Havighurst]], physicist, aging expert<br />
*[[James Edwin Hawley]], mineralogist, [[Hawleyite]] is named for him<br />
*[[Elroy Hirsch]], [[NFL]] player, member of the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]] and [[College Football Hall of Fame]]<br />
*[[Jeff Horton]], [[NFL]] assistant coach, head coach of the [[Nevada Wolf Pack football|Nevada Wolf Pack]] and [[UNLV Rebels football|UNLV Rebels]] football teams<br />
*[[Clark L. Hull]], psychologist<br />
*[[William Hunter (statistician)|William Hunter]], statistician<br />
*[[Krisztina Morvai]] associate professor of law, member of the [[European Parliament]]<br />
*[[Willard Hurst]], seminal figure in the development of modern American legal history<br />
*[[Rob Ianello]], head coach of the [[Akron Zips football|Akron Zips]] football team<br />
*[[Hugh Iltis]], known for his scientific discoveries in the domestication of corn<br />
*[[Roland Duer Irving]], member of the [[United States Geological Survey]]<br />
*[[Greg Jackson (American football)|Greg Jackson]], [[NFL]] player<br />
*[[Arnold Jeter]], head coach of the [[Delaware State Hornets football|Delaware State Hornets]] football team<br />
*[[Gunnar Johansen]], [[artist-in-residence]]<br />
*[[Bob Johnson (ice hockey b. 1931)|Bob Johnson]], [[NHL]] head coach<br />
*[[Mark Johnson (ice hockey)|Mark Johnson]], [[NHL]] player and [[1980 Winter Olympics]] [[Miracle on Ice]] team<br />
*[[Burr W. Jones]], U.S. Representative<br />
*[[Horace Kallen]], philosopher<br />
*[[Nietzchka Keene]], filmmaker<br />
*[[Har Gobind Khorana]], 1968 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]], for describing the genetic code and how it operates in protein synthesis<br />
*[[Franklin Hiram King]], soil scientist and early promoter of sustainable agriculture<br />
*[[Philip King (American football)|Philip King]], member of the [[College Football Hall of Fame]]<br />
*[[Rufus King (general)|Rufus King]], U.S. diplomat, [[Union Army]] general<br />
*[[Grayson L. Kirk]], President of [[Columbia University]]<br />
*[[Stephen Cole Kleene]], a foundational contributor to [[theoretical computer science]]<br />
*[[Rudolf Kolisch]], violinist<br />
*[[Thomas R. Kratochwill]], psychologist<br />
*[[Gloria Ladson-Billings]], leading educational theorist and past president of the [[American Educational Research Association]]<br />
*[[Elmer A. Lampe]], head coach of the [[Georgia Bulldogs men's basketball|Georgia Bulldogs]] and [[Dartmouth Big Green]] men's basketball teams<br />
*[[Jane Larson]], feminist legal scholar<br />
*[[Aldo Leopold]], ecologist<br />
*[[Judith Walzer Leavitt]], Professor of History of Medicine, History of Science, and Women's Studies<br />
*[[Lewis Leavitt]], pediatrician<br />
*[[Mike Leckrone]], director of the University of Wisconsin marching band since 1969<br />
*[[Joshua Lederberg]], 1958 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]<br />
::For his research in genetic structure and function in microorganisms<br />
*[[Albert L. Lehninger]], biochemist<br />
*[[Charles Kenneth Leith]], geologist, [[Penrose Medal]] recipient<br />
*[[Gerda Lerner]], Professor Emerita; historian of women's and gender history; considered a founder of women's history<br />
*[[Tom Lieb]], head coach of the [[Loyola Marymount Lions]] and [[Florida Gators football|Florida Gators]] football teams, [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] medalist<br />
*[[George Little (football coach)|George Little]], member of the [[College Football Hall of Fame]]<br />
*[[Harvey Littleton]], founder of the modern American studio glass movement<br />
*[[Aldo Leopold]], author of ''[[A Sand County Almanac]]'', which helped spawn the environmental movement and interest in ecology; also founded the [[The Wilderness Society (United States)|Wilderness Society]]<br />
*[[Miron Livny]], computer science professor and founder of the [[Condor cycle scavenger|Condor High-Throughput Computing System]]<br />
*[[William Lorenz]], [[Distinguished Service Medal (Army)|Army Distinguished Service Medal]] recipient<br />
*[[Henry S. Magoon]], U.S. Representative<br />
*[[Abby Lillian Marlatt]], director of home economics<br />
*[[Carolyn Martin|Carolyn "Biddy" Martin]], professor of German and current chancellor of the University of Wisconsin–Madison<br />
*[[Abraham Maslow]], psychologist, known for [[Maslow's hierarchy of needs]]<br />
*[[Ron McBride]], head coach of the [[Utah Utes football|Utah Utes]] and [[Weber State Wildcats]] football teams<br />
*[[Dan McCarney]], head coach of the [[Iowa State Cyclones football|Iowa State Cyclones]] and [[North Texas Mean Green football|North Texas Mean Green]] football teams<br />
*[[Anne McClintock]], Simone de Beauvoir Professor and author of ''[[Imperial Leather: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest]]''<br />
*[[Tasha McDowell]], head coach of the [[Western Michigan Broncos]] women's basketball team<br />
*[[Mike McGee (American football)|Mike McGee]], [[NFL]] player, head coach of the [[East Carolina Pirates football|East Carolina Pirates]] and [[Duke Blue Devils football|Duke Blue Devils]] football teams, member of the [[College Football Hall of Fame]]<br />
*[[Nellie Y. McKay]], scholar of African-American literature and co-editor of the ''Norton Anthology of African-American Literature''<br />
*[[Howard J. McMurray]], U.S. Representative<br />
*[[Milton McPike]], [[NFL]] player<br />
*[[Walter Meanwell]], former head coach of the [[Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball|men's basketball team]], member of the [[Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame]]<br />
*[[Alexander Meiklejohn]], philosopher and free-speech advocate<br />
*[[William Shainline Middleton]], co-founder and Secretary-Treasurer of the [[American Board of Internal Medicine]]<br />
*[[Jacquelyn Mitchard]], author of [[The Deep End of the Ocean]]<br />
*[[Howard Moore]], head coach of the [[UIC Flames]] men's basketball team<br />
*[[Perry Moss]], [[NFL]] player, Athletic Director of [[Florida State University]], head coach of the [[Florida State Seminoles football|Florida State Seminoles]] and [[Marshall Thundering Herd football|Marshall Thundering Herd]] football teams<br />
*[[George L. Mosse]], professor; historian of European nationalism and gender<br />
*[[Reid F. Murray]], U.S. Representative<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
;N&ndash;S<br />
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
*[[Gerhard Brandt Naeseth]], genealogical author; member of the [[Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav]]<br />
*[[Adolphus Peter Nelson]], U.S. Representative<br />
*[[Kathryn Norlock]], feminist philosopher<br />
*[[Ronald Numbers]], historian of science<br />
*[[Hakkı Boran Ögelman|Hakkı Ögelman]], physicist and astrophysicist<br />
*[[John Palermo]], [[NFL]] assistant coach<br />
*[[Charles D. Parker]], Lieutenant Governor of [[Wisconsin]]<br />
*[[Harry Partch]], avant-garde composer<br />
*[[Zorba Paster]], co-host of Public Radio's ''[[Zorba Paster On Your Health]]''<br />
*[[Stanley Payne]], historian<br />
*[[Russell W. Peterson]], Governor of [[Delaware]]<br />
*[[Saul Phillips (basketball)|Saul Phillips]], head coach of the [[North Dakota State Bison]] men's basketball team<br />
*[[Felix Pollak]], curator of Special Collections; poet<br />
*[[Andrew C. Porter]], former director of Wisconsin Center for Education Research, professor of education policy at [[Vanderbilt University|Vanderbilt]]<br />
*[[Ellis Rainsberger]], head coach of the [[Kansas State Wildcats football|Kansas State Wildcats]] football team<br />
*[[Hans Reese]], Olympic athlete<br />
*[[Paul Samuel Reinsch]], U.S. diplomat<br />
*[[Milton Resnick]], artist-in-residence{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}<br />
*[[Pat Richter]], [[NFL]] player, member of the [[College Football Hall of Fame]]<br />
*[[Patrick T. Riley]], political theorist<br />
*[[Paul Roach (coach)|Paul Roach]], [[NFL]] assistant coach, athletic director and head football coach at the [[University of Wyoming]]<br />
*[[Carl Rogers]], psychologist and founder of [[Person-centered psychotherapy|Client-Centered Therapy]]<br />
*[[Thomas A. Romberg]], Professor Emeritus of Curriculum and Instruction (mathematics education)<br />
*[[Walter Rudin]], mathematician best known for his books on [[mathematical analysis]]<br />
*[[Joe Rudolph]], [[NFL]] player<br />
*[[Bo Ryan]], current head men's basketball coach<br />
*[[Alfred A. Sanelli]], [[U.S. Army]] general<br />
*[[Harrison Schmitt]], adjunct professor of engineering physics, 12th man on the [[Moon]] as [[Apollo 17]] astronaut and geologist<br />
*[[Hans Schneider (mathematician)|Hans Schneider]], mathematician, best known for his contributions to the ''Linear Algebra and Matrix'' society<br />
*[[Isaac Jacob Schoenberg]], mathematician, best known for the discovery in 1946 of [[Spline (mathematics)|splines]]<br />
*[[John Settle]], [[NFL]] player<br />
*[[Donna E. Shalala]], chancellor 1987–1993; Secretary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1993–2001<br />
*[[Charles S. Slichter]], mathematician and physicist<br />
*[[Ithamar Sloan]], U.S. Representative<br />
*[[Red Smith (American football/baseball)|Red Smith]], [[MLB]] and [[NFL]] player and coach<br />
*[[Oliver Smithies]], faculty 1960 to 1988, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 2007<br />
*[[Clarence Spears]], member of the [[College Football Hall of Fame]]<br />
*[[Bob Spoo]], head coach of the [[Eastern Illinois Panthers]] football team<br />
*[[Kurt Squire]], director of the [[Games, Learning & Society Conference]]<br />
*[[Dale Steele]], head coach of the [[Campbell Fighting Camels]] football team<br />
*[[Harry Steenbock]], biochemist, vitamin D researcher<br />
*[[John Stiegelmeier]], head coach of the [[South Dakota State Jackrabbits football|South Dakota State Jackrabbits]] football team<br />
*[[Mike Stock (American football)|Mike Stock]], [[NFL]] assistant coach<br />
*[[Scott Straus]], assistant professor of [[Political Science]] and [[International Studies]], specialising in the study of [[genocide]]<br />
*[[Harry Stuhldreher]], [[NFL]] player, member of the [[College Football Hall of Fame]]<br />
*[[Stephen Suomi]] director of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Comparative Ethology Laboratory at the National Institutes of Health<br />
*[[Aage B. Sørensen]], sociologist<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
;T&ndash;Z<br />
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br />
*[[Cecil Taylor]], jazz pianist<br />
*[[Henry Charles Taylor]], agricultural economist<br />
*[[Howard Martin Temin|Howard Temin]], 1975 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for the discovery of [[reverse transcriptase]]<br />
*[[Edward Ten Eyck]], first American to win the [[Diamond Challenge Sculls]]<br />
*[[James Thomson (cell biologist)|James Thomson]], credited with first successful culturing of human embryonic [[stem cells]]<br />
*[[Arthur Thrall]], artist<br />
*[[Giulio Tononi]], professor of psychiatry<br />
*[[Darold Treffert]], psychiatrist<br />
*[[Frederick Jackson Turner]], historian and creator of the "frontier thesis" explaining the American character<br />
*[[Timothy Tyson]], professor of African-American history and author<br />
*[[Stanislaw Ulam]], mathematician who joined the [[Manhattan Project]] during World War II<br />
*[[Harry Vail]], rowing coach, the [[Dad Vail Regatta]] is named after him<br />
*[[Ryan G. Van Cleave]], author<br />
*[[Clark Van Galder]], head coach of the [[Fresno State Bulldogs football|Fresno State Bulldogs]] football team<br />
*[[Charles R. Van Hise]], geologist and university president who formulated the "Wisconsin Idea"<br />
*[[Edward Burr Van Vleck]], mathematician and professor<br />
*[[Alexander Vasiliev (historian)|Alexander Vasiliev]] (1867–1953), Byzantinist and Arabist<br />
*[[Jan Vansina]], historian of Africa and father of oral historical methodology<br />
*[[Pete Waite]], head coach of the women's volleyball team, author<br />
*[[David Ward (university president)|David Ward]], President of the [[American Council on Education]]<br />
*[[Oliver Patterson Watts]], chemical engineer<br />
*[[Viola S. Wendt]], poet<br />
*[[Albert Whitford]], astronomer<br />
*[[Eugene Wigner]], 1963 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]]<br />
*[[John Wilce]], head coach of the [[Ohio State Buckeyes football|Ohio State Buckeyes]] football team, member of the [[College Football Hall of Fame]]<br />
*[[William Appleman Williams]], historian of American diplomacy<br />
*[[Erik Olin Wright]], sociologist<br />
*[[Sewall Wright]], professor of genetics, one of the fathers of population genetics<br />
*[[Todd Yeagley]], [[Major League Soccer|MLS]] player<br />
*[[Kenneth Zeichner]], winner of several awards for Teacher Education<br />
*[[Efim Zelmanov]], recipient of the [[Fields Medal]] in 1994<br />
*[[Howard Zimmerman]], organic chemist, discovered [[barrelene]]<br />
*[[Otto Julius Zobel]], inventor of the [[m-derived filter]] and the [[Zobel network]]<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
{{University of Wisconsin–Madison|state=collapsed}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:University Of Wisconsin-Madison People}}<br />
[[Category:Lists of people by university or college in the United States|Wisconsin]]<br />
[[Category:University of Wisconsin&ndash;Madison alumni]]<br />
[[Category:University of Wisconsin Law School alumni]]<br />
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison|people]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of people by educational affiliation in Wisconsin|University of Wisconsin-Madison]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burford,_Ontario&diff=535270590Burford, Ontario2013-01-28T02:13:49Z<p>Matty j: /* External links */</p>
<hr />
<div><!-- Infobox begins --><br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
|official_name = Burford<br />
|other_name =<br />
|native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --><br />
|nickname =<br />
|settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City) --><br />
|motto =<br />
|image_skyline = Burford.jpg<br />
|imagesize = 200px<br />
|image_caption = Canada Post Office in Burford's downtown.<br />
|image_flag =<br />
|flag_size =<br />
|image_seal =<br />
|seal_size =<br />
|image_shield =<br />
|shield_size =<br />
|city_logo =<br />
|citylogo_size =<br />
|image_map =<br />
|mapsize =<br />
|map_caption =<br />
|image_map1 =<br />
|mapsize1 =<br />
|map_caption1 =<br />
|pushpin_map = <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --><br />
|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --><br />
|pushpin_map_caption =<br />
|pushpin_mapsize =<br />
|coordinates_region = CA-ON<br />
|subdivision_type = Country<br />
|subdivision_name = [[Canada]]<br />
|subdivision_type1 = Province<br />
|subdivision_name1 = [[Ontario]]<br />
|subdivision_type2 = [[County]]<br />
|subdivision_name2 = [[Brant County|Brant]]<br />
|subdivision_type3 =<br />
|subdivision_name3 =<br />
|subdivision_type4 =<br />
|subdivision_name4 =<br />
|government_type =<br />
|leader_title =<br />
|leader_name =<br />
|leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --><br />
|leader_name1 =<br />
|leader_title2 =<br />
|leader_name2 =<br />
|leader_title3 =<br />
|leader_name3 =<br />
|leader_title4 =<br />
|leader_name4 =<br />
|established_title = Settled<br />
|established_date = 1837<br />
|established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --><br />
|established_date2 =<br />
|established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --><br />
|established_date3 =<br />
|area_magnitude =<br />
|unit_pref =<br />
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|area_total_km2 =<br />
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|area_land_sq_mi =<br />
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|area_water_percent =<br />
|area_urban_km2 =<br />
|area_urban_sq_mi =<br />
|area_metro_km2 =<br />
|area_metro_sq_mi =<br />
|population_as_of = 2006<br />
|population_footnotes =<br />
|population_note =<br />
|population_total = 1,940<br />
|population_density_km2 =<br />
|population_density_sq_mi =<br />
|population_metro =<br />
|population_density_metro_km2 =<br />
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =<br />
|population_urban =<br />
|population_density_urban_km2 =<br />
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =<br />
|population_blank1_title =<br />
|population_blank1 =<br />
|population_density_blank1_km2 =<br />
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =<br />
|timezone = Eastern<br />
|utc_offset = -5<br />
|timezone_DST =<br />
|utc_offset_DST =<br />
|latd=43 |latm=35 |lats=12 |latNS=N<br />
|longd=79 |longm=43 |longs=17 |longEW=W<br />
|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> tags--><br />
|elevation_m =<br />
|elevation_ft =<br />
|postal_code_type =<br />
|postal_code =<br />
|area_code = [[Area codes 519 and 226|519 and 226]]<br />
|blank_name =<br />
|blank_info =<br />
|blank1_name =<br />
|blank1_info =<br />
|website =<br />
|footnotes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Burford''' is a [[rural]] [[community]] and is part of the [[Brant County, Ontario|County of Brant]], in central southwestern [[Ontario]]. It has 1,940 residents (2006 Census). It is located eight kilometers west of the City of [[Brantford]] along Highway 53, and seventy kilometers east of [[London, Ontario]]. It is approximately 100 km southwest of [[Toronto]].<br />
<br />
There are few visible [[minorities]] except for [[migrant workers]] from [[Jamaica]] and [[Mexico]] who are readily welcomed into the community as they are viewed as vital part of the local economy.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}<br />
<br />
Burford is home to the [[Burford Bulldogs]], a junior hockey team that plays in the [[Southern Ontario Junior Hockey League]].<br />
<br />
Burford has a local golf course, Burford Golf Links, which was founded in 1980. It has gone through a number of different owners and is now currently part of the GolfNorth group of golf courses.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
Burford was the largest town of the former Burford Township, which included Cathcart, Harley and Princeton. Burford's ‘downtown’, the intersection of Maple Avenue and King Street (Highway 53), includes a stop light, several small businesses and a post office. The community was founded by [[Canada|Canadians]] of [[Germany|German]], [[Netherlands|Dutch]] and [[United Kingdom|British]] backgrounds. Shortly after the [[Upper Canada Rebellion|Rebellion of 1837]], Burford was the centre of an abortive rebellion in the Western District of [[Upper Canada]] led by [[Charles Duncombe (Upper Canada Rebellion)|Charles Duncombe]]. In 1999, Burford became part of the County of Brant, an amalgamation of several local municipalities including Brantford Township, the town of Paris, Oakland Township, Onondaga Township and South Dumfries Township. The current mayor of the County of Brant is Ron Eddy.<br />
<br />
Historically, when [[tobacco]] was lucrative, the farms and families surrounding Burford were relatively prosperous. However, when [[Tobacco smoking|smoking]] habits began to change in the 1980s, the economy slipped into decline. Currently, farmers are more likely to be growing [[ginseng]] for oriental markets than tobacco. [[Dairy]], [[poultry]], [[Hog (swine)|hog]] and [[fish]] farming persist and range from large scale commercial operations to subsistence type family farms. The community has lost population since the 1970s and is eager to attract new investment.<br />
<br />
==Education==<br />
<br />
Burford District High School was the only secondary institution for eighty years, opening in 1922 and closing in June 2002 due to low enrollment. The building was then revamped to become [[Burford District Elementary School]] and drew students from three elementary schools which were closed around the same time: Maple Avenue, Coronation and Harley-Northfield. The Maple Avenue School is now home to the Burford Islamic School or Darul Uloom Al Islamiah Burford, a private school with a [[Muslim]] based education.<ref>http://www.brantfordexpositor.ca/ArticleDisplay.aspx?archive=true&e=1678533</ref> Most high school age students now attend [[Paris District High School]], [[Brantford Collegiate Institute]] or Assumption College and St. John’s College [[Catholic]] schools.<br />
==Service Clubs==<br />
* [[Kinsmen Club of Brantford]]<br />
* Kinsmen Club of Brantford (Kin Canada Bursaries)<br />
<br />
==Photo gallery==<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:EnteringBurfordHwy53eastbound.JPG|Entering Burford along Highway 53.<br />
Image:BurfordCommunityCentreArena.JPG|Burford Arena, home of the Bulldogs<br />
File:Burford during evening rush hour.jpg|King Street (Hwy 53)<br />
File:Burfordgrocerystore.jpg|Burford's local grocery store.<br />
Image:BurfordSchool.JPG|Burford's public school.<br />
File:Burford school 2.jpg|Burford's public school and community centre share a field.<br />
Image:BurfordTrappersGrillHouse.jpg|Burford's downtown has several restaurants.<br />
Image:BurfordOntarioroadsign.JPG|Evidence of "small town ethics" along Hwy. 53 between Burford and Cathcart.<br />
File:Burford Graveyard.jpg|The Burford Congregational Cemetery<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.burfordtimes.ca/ Burford Times], local weekly newspaper<br />
* [http://www.brantfordkinsmen.ca/ Kinsmen Club of Brantford], a Service Club active in [http://web.archive.org/web/20091027183057/http://www.geocities.com/brantford_kinsmen1/ Burford area].<br />
* [http://www.ohahockey.org/page/show/14444-burford-bulldogs Burford Bulldogs] online stats and schedule.<br />
* [http://www.brant.ca/ County of Brant's website.]<br />
* [http://brantford.library.on.ca/genealogy/pdfs/early.pdf The Early Political and Military History of Burford]<br />
* [http://www.golfnorth.ca/page/courses/l/4/c/6/ GolfNorth]<br />
{{coord|43.1022|N|80.429|W|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Communities in the County of Brant]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homogeneous_differential_equation&diff=533272395Homogeneous differential equation2013-01-15T22:42:09Z<p>Matty j: /* Homogeneous linear equations */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{expert-subject|Mathematics|date=February 2010}}<br />
{{Differential equations}}<br />
<br />
In [[mathematics]], a '''homogeneous differential equation''' is ''either'' any linear differential equation of the form <math> L(y)=0 </math> ''or'' a type of first order differential equations.<br />
<br />
==Homogeneous functions==<br />
<br />
One is that a first-order [[ordinary differential equation]] is homogeneous (of degree 0) if it has the form <br />
<br />
:<math>\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{M(x,y)}{N(x,y)}</math><br />
<br />
where ''x'' is an [[independent variable]], ''y'' a [[dependent variable]], and ''M''(''x, y'') and ''N''(''x, y'') are [[homogeneous function]]s of degree ''n''; in other words [[scalar multiplication|scalar multiplying]] each variable by a constant λ leaves the function unchanged: <br />
:<math>M(\lambda x,\lambda y) = \lambda^n M(x,y)</math>.<br />
<br />
In a more general form:<br />
<br />
:<math>N(x,y)\,dx + M(x,y)\,dy = 0 </math>.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Solution method===<br />
Since ''M''(λ''x'', λ''y'') = ''M''(''x, y'') for all λ, so λ can be arbitrarily chosen to simplify the form of the equation. One can solve this equation by making a simple [[change of variables]] ''y'' = ''ux'' and then using the [[product rule]] on the left hand side as follows, <br />
<br />
:<math>\frac{d(ux)}{dx} = x\frac{du}{dx} + u\frac{dx}{dx} = x\frac{du}{dx} + u</math>. <br />
<br />
and then using the identity ''M''(λ''x'', λ''y'') = ''M''(''x, y'') to simplify the right hand side by choosing to set λ = 1/''x'', transforming the original problem into the [[Separation of variables|separable]] differential equation<br />
<br />
: <math>x\frac{du}{dx} + u = \frac{M(1,u)}{N(1,u)}</math><br />
<br />
which can then be integrated by the usual methods (see [[ordinary differential equation]]).<br />
<br />
==Homogeneous linear equations==<br />
<br />
Another is that a [[linear differential equation]] can be represented as a [[linear operator]] acting on ''y''. In this case a [[linear homogeneous differential equation]]s is of the form<br />
<br />
:<math> Ly = 0 \,</math><br />
<br />
where ''L'' is a [[differential operator]], a sum of derivatives, each multiplied by functions of ''x'':<br />
<br />
:<math> L = \sum_{i=1}^n f_i(x)\frac{d^i}{dx^i} \,</math><br />
<br />
For example, <br />
<br />
:<math> \frac{d^2y}{dx^2}\sin(x)+4\frac{dy}{dx}+y = 0 \,</math> <br />
is a homogeneous differential equation, whereas <br />
:<math> \frac{d^2y}{dx^2}\sin(x)+4\frac{dy}{dx}+y = \cos(x) \,</math> <br />
or <br />
:<math> \frac{d^2y}{dx^2}\sin(x)+4\frac{dy}{dx}+y = 2 \,</math> <br />
are not.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Method of separation of variables]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*{{citation|author=Olver, P.J.|title=Equivalence, invariants, and symmetry|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|isbn=0-521-47811-1}}, Example 6.20, pp. 188&ndash;189.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/HomogeneousOrdinaryDifferentialEquation.html Homogeneous differential equations at MathWorld]<br />
*[http://math.stcc.edu/DiffEq/DiffEQ41.html Homogeneous Differential equations]<br />
*[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Differential_Equations/Substitution_1 Wikibooks: Differential Equations/First-Order/Substitution Methods]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Differential equations]]<br />
<br />
{{mathanalysis-stub}}<br />
<br />
[[fa:معادله دیفرانسیل همگن]]<br />
[[fr:Équation différentielle homogène]]<br />
[[nl:Homogene differentiaalvergelijking]]<br />
[[ru:Однородное дифференциальное уравнение]]<br />
[[sv:Homogen differentialekvation]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bryce_Harper&diff=526441550Bryce Harper2012-12-05T01:31:39Z<p>Matty j: /* 2012 season */ correction</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2012}}<br />
{{Infobox MLB player<br />
|name = Bryce Harper<br />
|image = 9TH Bryce Harper.jpg<br />
|caption =<br />
|team = Washington Nationals<br />
<br />
|number = 34<br />
|position = [[Outfielder]]<br />
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|10|16}}<br />
|birth_place = [[Las Vegas]]<br />
|bats = Left<br />
|throws = Right<br />
|debutdate = April 28<br />
|debutyear = 2012<br />
|debutteam = Washington Nationals<br />
|statyear = 2012 season<br />
|stat1label = [[Batting average]]<br />
|stat1value = .270<br />
|stat2label = [[Home run]]s<br />
|stat2value = 22<br />
|stat3label = [[Run batted in|Runs batted in]]<br />
|stat3value = 59<br />
|teams =<br />
* [[Washington Nationals]] ({{mlby|2012}}–present)<br />
|awards =<br />
* [[Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star]] ([[2012 Major League Baseball All-Star Game|2012]])<br />
* [[NL Rookie of the Year]] (2012)<br />
* [[Golden Spikes Award]] (2010)<br />
}}<br />
'''Bryce Aron Max Harper''' (born October 16, 1992) is an [[United States|American]] professional [[baseball]] [[outfielder]] with the [[Washington Nationals]] of [[Major League Baseball]]. Harper was selected by the Nationals with the first overall pick in the [[2010 Major League Baseball Draft]]. He stands at 6 feet 3&nbsp;inches and weighs 225&nbsp;lbs.<ref>{{cite news|last=Simpson|first=Allan|title=2005 Baseball for the Ages|work=[[Baseball America]]|date=October 12, 2005|url=http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1156215/1/index.htm|accessdate=June 15, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kerr|first=Byron|title=Harper is "begging to play"|publisher=[[MASN]] Sports|date=August 11, 2010| date=May 22, 2010|accessdate=May 23, 2010}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><br />
<br />
Harper won the 2010 [[Golden Spikes Award]], awarded annually to the best [[amateur baseball in the United States|amateur]] [[baseball]] player.<ref name="Harper wins Golden Spikes Award">{{cite news|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/baseball/mlb/07/13/harper.golden.spikes.ap/index.html?eref=sihp|title=Harper wins Golden Spikes Award|agency=Associated Press|date=July 13, 2010|work=Sports Illustrated|accessdate=July 13, 2010|deadurl=yes}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref> Going into the 2012 season, baseball prospect-watchers, including ''[[Baseball America]]'', [[MLB.com]], and ''[[Baseball Prospectus]]'' routinely ranked Harper as a top-3 prospect. He made his MLB debut with the Nationals on April 28, 2012. Harper was selected for the [[2012 Major League Baseball All-Star Game|2012 All-Star Game]], becoming the youngest position player to ever be selected.<ref name="youngest">{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/nationals-journal/post/bryce-harper-named-to-the-all-star-game/2012/07/07/gJQAwNZkUW_blog.html|last=Wagner|first=James|accessdate=July 7, 2012|date=July 7, 2012|title=Bryce Harper named to the all-star game|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> He has been touted as a "[[five-tool player]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2012/writers/joe_lemire/07/16/hamilton-trout-harper-kemp-centerfielders/index.html|title=Josh Hamilton, others help make centerfield game's glamour position|last=Lemire|first=Joe|date=July 16, 2012|work=SportsIllustrated.com|accessdate=August 31, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/mlb/story/all-star-game-to-display-new-look-of-baseball-bryce-harper-mike-trout-070812|title=All-Stars Mike Trout, Bryce Harper ride new wave of baseball|last=Morosi|first=Jon Paul|date=July 8, 2012|work=Foxsports.com|accessdate=August 31, 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
==College career==<br />
Harper earned his [[General Educational Development]] (GED) after his sophomore year at [[Las Vegas High School]] in October 2009, making him eligible for the [[2010 Major League Baseball Draft|June 2010 amateur draft]] in order to begin his professional baseball career earlier.<ref name="CSN">{{cite news|last=Youmans|first=Matt|title=Harper ready to give college try|newspaper=Las Vegas Review-Journal|date=June 14, 2009|url=http://www.lvrj.com/sports/48018907.html|accessdate=June 15, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Glassey|first=Conor|url=http://www.baseballamerica.com/blog/draft/?p=1916|title=Harper Passes GED|work=[[Baseball America]]|date=December 3, 2009|accessdate=December 3, 2009}}</ref> For the 2010 college season, 17-year-old Harper enrolled at the [[College of Southern Nevada]] of the [[Scenic West Athletic Conference]] (SWAC) in [[National Junior College Athletic Association]] (NJCAA). An advantage for Harper in his eventual transition to his professional career was that the SWAC, like MLB, uses [[baseball bat|wooden bats]] in conference play. In 66 games, he hit 31 home runs, 98 RBIs, hitting .443/.526/.987 (AVG/OBP/SLG).<ref name="NFA-20100607">{{cite web|url=http://natsfarm.com/2010/06/07/with-the-first-pick|title=With the first pick|date=June 7, 2010|accessdate=June 8, 2010|last=Oliver|first=Brian|work=Nationals Farm Authority}}</ref> His 31 home runs shattered the school's previous record of 12. He was named the 2010 SWAC Player of the Year.<ref name="NFA-20100607"/><br />
<br />
In the Western district finals of the 2010 NJCAA World Series, Harper went 6-for-7 with 5 RBIs and hit for the cycle.<ref>{{cite news|author =D.J. Short|url=http://hardballtalk.nbcsports.com/2010/05/bryce-harper-hits-for-the-cycle.html.php|title=Bryce Harper hits for the cycle|date=May 22, 2010|accessdate=May 23, 2010}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> The next day, in a doubleheader, he went 2-for-5 with a three-run double in the first game, and in the second game went 6-for-6 with 4 home runs, a triple, and a double.<ref>{{cite news|first=Matt|last=Youmans|url=http://www.lvrj.com/sports/harper-lifts-csn-to-junior-college-world-series-94686519.html|title=Harper lifts CSN to Junior College World Series: Four HRs, 10 RBIs power CSN to title|newspaper=Las Vegas Review-Journal|date=May 23, 2010|accessdate=May 23, 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
On June 2, 2010, Harper was ejected from a National Junior College World Series game by home plate umpire Don Gilmore after a called third strike. Harper drew a line in the dirt with his bat as he left the plate, presumably to show where he thought the pitch was. It was Harper's second ejection of the year, and resulted in a two-game suspension.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/dailypitch/post/2010/06/bryce-harper-ejected-and-suspended-perhaps-ending-amateur-career/1 |title=Bryce Harper ejected, and suspended, perhaps ending amateur career - Daily Pitch |date= June 3, 2010|accessdate=|newspaper=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> The suspension ended his amateur career, as Southern Nevada lost the game from which Harper was ejected and lost their next game with Harper suspended, which eliminated them from the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/draft2010/columns/story?columnist=crasnick_jerry&id=5248377|title=Yeah, he's ''that'' good|first=Jerry|last=Crasnick|work=[[ESPN.com]]|date=June 4, 2010|accessdate=June 5, 2010}}</ref><br />
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Harper won the 2010 [[Golden Spikes Award]].<ref name="Harper wins Golden Spikes Award"/> In May 2012, the book ''The Last Natural: Bryce Harper's Big Gamble in Sin City and the Greatest Amateur Season Ever'' by sportswriter Rob Miech was published by [[Thomas Dunne Books]]. The book chronicles Harper's historic college season and culminates in him becoming the first player selected in the [[2010 Major League Baseball Draft]] and signing a multimillion-dollar contract just before the signing deadline. [[Steve Rushin]] endorsed the book as "a fascinating eyewitness account, a baseball version of the Beatles in Hamburg circa 1961, just before the [[klieg light]]s get switched on."<ref>Miech, Rob. [http://us.macmillan.com/thelastnatural/RobMiech ''The Last Natural'']</ref><br />
<br />
==Professional career==<br />
[[File:Bryce Harper, Hagerstown 2011.jpg|220px|thumb|Harper playing for the [[Hagerstown Suns]], Single-A affiliates of the Nationals, in 2011.]]<br />
Harper was drafted No. 1 overall by the [[Washington Nationals]],<ref name="WP-20100608"/> becoming the Nationals' second consecutive [[List of first overall Major League Baseball draft picks|number one overall pick]] of the [[Major League Baseball Draft]], following [[Stephen Strasburg]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Antonen|first=Mel|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/nl/nationals/2010-06-08-nationals-harper-first-pick_N.htm|title=Nationals take 17-year-old Bryce Harper with top pick |newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date= June 8, 2010|accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref> Although Harper had predominantly played catcher, the Nationals drafted him as an outfielder to extend his career and to accelerate his player development, so that he could debut in MLB earlier. He has been considered one of the most coveted prospects in Major League Baseball History.<ref name="WP-20100608">{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/07/AR2010060704529.html|title=Washington Nationals select Bryce Harper with first pick in MLB draft|date=June 8, 2010|accessdate=June 8, 2010|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|first=Adam|last=Kilgore}}</ref><br />
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Harper signed a 7-year contract worth $18.9 million,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/news/story?id=5468993 |title=Nationals sign Bryce Harper|work=[[ESPN.com]]|date=August 16, 2010|accessdate=August 16, 2010}}</ref> and on August 26, 2010, Harper was introduced by the Nationals. Harper said he chose to wear No. 34 because "I always loved [[Mickey Mantle]], three and four equals seven."<ref>{{cite news|last=Wang |first=Gene |url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/nationalsjournal/2010/08/bryce_harper_introduced_at_pre.html |title=Bryce Harper introduced at pregame news conference |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=August 26, 2010 |accessdate=2010-08-26}}</ref><br />
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After batting .319 with a .407 [[On-base percentage|OBP]] (and leading his team in hits, homers, RBIs and walks) in the Nationals' fall instructional league, Harper was selected to participate in the [[Arizona Fall League]] as a member of the [[Scottsdale Scorpions]] taxi-squad,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20101013&content_id=15613880|title=Nats' Harper to play in Arizona Fall League|first=Bill|last=Ladson|work=[[MLB.com]]|date=October 13, 2010|accessdate=October 19, 2010}}</ref> the second-youngest player in the history of the league (two days older thanwhen Mets' prospect [[Fernando Martínez (baseball)|Fernando Martínez]] appeared in the league in 2006).<ref>{{cite news|title=No. 1 overall pick Harper is ahead of his time for Nats|first=Adam|last=Kilgore|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=October 14, 2010}}</ref> He batted .343 and slugged .729.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Look At Bryce Harper's Final AFL Stats|publisher=USA Future Watch|date=November 18, 2010|accessdate=April 27, 2011|url=http://usafuturewatch.com/?p=669}}</ref> On November 20, Harper and the Scottsdale Scorpions won the 2010 [[Arizona Fall League]] Championship.<br />
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After batting .399 in spring training, the Nationals optioned Harper to the [[Hagerstown Suns]] of the Class-A [[South Atlantic League]] to begin his minor league career.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ladson|first=Bill|title=After win, Nats option Harper to Class A|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20110312&content_id=16923142&vkey=news_was&fext=.jsp&c_id=was|work=[[MLB.com]]|accessdate=March 20, 1011}}</ref> In April 2011, after a slow start in the minor leagues, Harper visited [[optometrist]] Dr. Keith Smithson who reportedly told him, "I don't know how you ever hit before. You have some of the worst eyes I've ever seen." In his first 20 games after receiving contact lenses, Harper hit .480, collecting 7 home runs, 40 doubles and 23 RBIs.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bryce Harper crushing ball after eye exam|work=CBS News|date=May 13, 2011|accessdate=May 13, 2011|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31751_162-20062723-10391697.html}}</ref><br />
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Harper was selected to represent the United States in the 2011 [[All-Star Futures Game]] during the 2011 All Star Game weekend. He was promoted to the [[Double-A (baseball)|Double-A]] [[Harrisburg Senators]] on July 4. Harper went 4 for 4 in his AA debut with two singles, a double, triple and a walk.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bryce Harper promoted to Double-A|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/news/story?id=6737300|accessdate=July 5, 2011|agency=Associated Press|publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref><br />
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On August 18, 2011, Harper injured his [[hamstring]] while running from first to third base on an extra base hit. The injury was severe enough that he had to be carried off the field by his coaches. Harper was placed on the 7-day [[disabled list]], and it was reported that the injury had ended Harper's season.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20110819&content_id=23433882&notebook_id=23433888&vkey=notebook_was&c_id=was|title=Injured Harper's season likely over|work=[[MLB.com]]|date=August 19, 2011|accessdate=2012-06-22}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2012 season===<br />
During 2012 spring training, Harper was optioned to [[Triple-A (baseball)|Triple-A]] Syracuse, where he started the season, playing centerfield.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=harper002bry|title=Bryce Harper Minor League Statistics & History|work=[[Baseball-Reference.com]]|date=October 16, 1992|accessdate=2012-06-22}}</ref> Harper was called up to the Nationals on April 27 as [[Ryan Zimmerman]] was placed on the DL. He made his MLB debut with the Nationals the next day against the [[Los Angeles Dodgers]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/nl/nationals/story/2012-04-29/Bryce-Harper-phenom/54633740/1|title=Nationals phenom Bryce Harper shows teen spirit in debut|date=April 30, 2012|accessdate=August 13, 2012|last=Ortiz|first=Jorge L.|work=[[USA Today]] }}</ref> Harper grounded out to the pitcher ([[Chad Billingsley]]) in his first career Major League at bat. He recorded his first Major League hit with a double in his third at-bat against Billingsley and got his first RBI on a sacrifice fly in the top of the ninth against [[Javy Guerra]].<ref>[http://losangeles.dodgers.mlb.com/mlb/gameday/index.jsp?gid=2012_04_28_wasmlb_lanmlb_1&mode=recap&c_id=la#gid=2012_04_28_wasmlb_lanmlb_1&mode=recap&c_id=was Nats can't hold down LA in Harper's solid debut]</ref><br />
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[[File:Bryce Aron Max Harper.jpg|thumb|left|Harper at [[Nationals Park]] in May 2012]]<br />
After being hit by a pitch in the first inning on May 6, and advancing to third, Harper stole home plate, becoming the first teenager to steal home plate since 1964.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbssports.com/mlb/blog/eye-on-baseball/18980038/bryce-harper-steals-home-first-time-for-teenager-since-64|title=Bryce Harper steals home, first time for teenager since '64|work=[[CBSSports.com]]|date=May 6, 2012|accessdate=2012-06-24}}</ref> [[Cole Hamels]] later admitted to hitting Harper intentionally, and was suspended by MLB.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/dailypitch/post/2012/05/cole-hamels-bryce-harper-hit-by-pitch/1|title=Cole Hamels on Bryce Harper: 'I was trying to hit him'|work=USA Today|date=May 7, 2012|accessdate=2012-06-22}}</ref> On May 14, Harper hit his first Major League home run off of [[San Diego Padres]] pitcher [[Tim Stauffer]].<ref>[http://www.cbssports.com/mlb/gametracker/recap/MLB_20120514_SD@WAS Harper hits first HR, Nats beat Padres] cbssports.com Retrieved May 15, 2012</ref> He was the youngest player to homer in the major leagues since [[Adrián Beltré]] in 1998.<ref>{{cite news|last=Comack|first=Amanda|title=Bryce Harper hits first major league homer, gets curtain call|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/blog/nationals-watch/2012/may/14/bryce-harper-hits-first-major-league-homer-gets-cu/|accessdate=May 15, 2012|newspaper=The Washington Times|date=May 14, 2012}}</ref> He was named National League Rookie of the Month for May.<ref name="Wagner">{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/nationals-journal/wp/2012/10/02/bryce-harper-named-nl-rookie-of-the-month-for-second-time-this-season/|title=Bryce Harper named NL Rookie of the Month for second time this season|last=Wagner|first=James|date=October 2, 2012|work=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=October 3, 2012}}</ref><br />
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Harper earned his first [[walkoff]] hit on June 5 with an RBI single in the bottom of the 12th inning against the [[New York Mets]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/nl/story/2012-06-05/nationals-mets-bryce-harper/55411524/1|title=Harper's the hero as Nationals edge Mets in 12|agency=Associated Press|date=June 5, 2012|work=[[USA Today]]|accessdate=June 6, 2012}}</ref><br />
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{{anchor|That's a clown question, bro}}<br />
In a June 12 game against the [[Toronto Blue Jays]], Harper hit a deep home run to center field that struck an advertising banner adjacent to the restaurant in the second tier of seats at the [[Rogers Centre]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/video/play.jsp?content_id=22221483&c_id=mlb|title=WSH@TOR: Harper crushes a solo homer to center |work=[[MLB.com]]|accessdate=June 13, 2012}}</ref> estimated to travel 438 feet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hittrackeronline.com/hrdetail.php?id=2012_1792|title=ESPN Home Run Tracker :: Player and Field Detail|date=June 13, 2012|accessdate=June 13, 2012}}</ref> After the game, a reporter asked if Harper would take advantage of Ontario's lower drinking age (19, versus 21 in the U.S.) by drinking a celebratory beer with his teammates. Harper, who is a [[Mormon]] and does not drink alcohol, replied, "I'm not going to answer that. That's a clown question, bro." The comment quickly developed into an [[Internet meme]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2012/06/13/clown_question_bro_bryce_harper_helps_journalists_understand_what_not_to_ask_.html|title=Clown Question, Bro: Bryce Harper helps journalists understand what not to ask|last=Waldman|first=Katy|date=June 13, 2012|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|accessdate=June 14, 2012}}</ref> and the phrase itself repeated, in response to a question, by [[Senate Majority Leader]] [[Harry Reid]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Steinberg|first=Dan|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/dc-sports-bog/post/harry-reid-uses-thats-a-clown-question-bro/2012/06/19/gJQAdEeSoV_blog.html|title=Harry Reid uses 'That's a clown question, bro'|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=June 19, 2012|accessdate=2012-06-22}}</ref> Harper filed an application to [[trademark]] the phrase.<ref>{{cite web|last=Brown|first=David|url=http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mlb-big-league-stew/bryce-harper-trademarks-clown-bro-under-armour-selling-143328872--mlb.html|title=Bryce Harper trademarks 'That's a clown question, bro' and Under Armour is selling merchandise|publisher=Yahoo! Sports|date=May 30, 2012|accessdate=2012-06-22}}</ref><br />
<br />
On June 16, Harper made history in more infamous fashion, becoming one of 61 players to strike out five times in one game; {{Citation needed|date=August 2012}} he was part of an 0-for-7 effort as the Nationals lost a 14-inning contest to the New York Yankees.<br />
<br />
Harper was named a candidate in the [[All-Star Final Vote]], with the winner being added to the [[2012 MLB All-Star Game|All-Star Game]] roster. Harper finished third behind [[David Freese]] and [[Michael Bourn]]. However, Bourn would make the roster after [[Ian Desmond]] sustained an injury and Harper would become the youngest position player (and third-youngest player, behind [[Dwight Gooden]] and [[Bob Feller]]) to ever make an All-Star roster<ref name="youngest" /> when it was announced [[Giancarlo Stanton]] would undergo knee surgery.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://tracking.si.com/2012/07/07/bryce-harper-all-star-game-2012-roster-national-league-voting-washington/?sct=hp_t2_a5&eref=sihp|title=Nationals' Bryce Harper added to NL All-Star team roster|accessdate=July 7, 2012|work=[[Sports Illustrated|SI.com]]}}</ref> "I don't have words to explain it right now. It's exciting to go. I'm excited to get there and be around all the top guys in the country, of course, and the top guys in baseball. I'm going to take it all in and try to enjoy it with my family and just be as mellow and as calm as I can be", Harper stated.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/nationals-journal/post/bryce-harper-replaces-giancarlo-stanton-becomes-the-youngest-position-player-in-all-star-game-history/2012/07/07/gJQAWKeoUW_blog.html|title=Bryce Harper replaces Giancarlo Stanton, becomes the youngest position player in All-Star Game history|last=Kilgore|first=Adam|date=July 7, 2012|accessdate=July 9, 2012|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> He went 0-for-1 with a strikeout and a walk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csnwashington.com/baseball-washington-nationals/nationals-talk/An-eventful-All-Star-win-for-Nats?blockID=738414&feedID=6358|title=An eventful All-Star win for Nats|publisher=Csnwashington.com|date=July 11, 2012|accessdate=2012-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1254277-washington-nationals-trio-produce-highs-and-lows-at-2012-mlb-all-star-game|title=Washington Nationals Trio Produces Highs and Lows at 2012 MLB All-Star Game|publisher=Bleacher Report|date=July 11, 2012|accessdate=2012-08-22}}</ref><br />
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Harper struggled in the games following the All-Star break, hitting .176 with 26 strikeouts in his first 116 plate appearances in the second half.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hardballtalk.nbcsports.com/2012/08/09/struggling-frustrated-bryce-harper-to-get-the-day-off/|title=Struggling, frustrated Bryce Harper to get the day off|last=Calcaterra|first=Craig|date=August 9, 2012|work=NBCSports.com|accessdate=August 31, 2012}}</ref> Manager [[Davey Johnson]] began to give Harper days off due to his poor play and visible on-field frustration.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/nationals-journal/post/bryce-harper-to-receive-another-day-off-on-saturday/2012/08/18/0392f956-e8e9-11e1-8487-64e4b2a79ba8_blog.html|title=Bryce Harper to receive another day off on Saturday|last=Wagner|first=James|date=August 18, 2012|work=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=August 31, 2012}}</ref> Johnson said that Harper had become "overly aggressive" at the plate.<ref name="multi">{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/nationals-journal/wp/2012/09/06/bryce-harper-blasts-two-homers-ranks-third-all-time-among-teenagers/|title=Bryce Harper blasts two homers, ranks third all-time among teenagers|last=Kilgore|first=Adam|work=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=September 6, 2012}}</ref><br />
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Harper's play began to improve in late August. He hit two home runs in a game against the [[Miami Marlins]] on August 29, his first major league multi-home run game, although recorded his first major league ejection after throwing his helmet down in the ninth inning in response to hitting into a double play ball.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/gameday/index.jsp?gid=2012_08_29_wasmlb_miamlb_1#gid=2012_08_29_wasmlb_miamlb_1&mode=recap&c_id=was|work=[[MLB.com]]|date=August 29, 2012|accessdate=September 1, 2012|last=Berry|first=Adam|title=No clowning around: Harper, Nats stop slide}}</ref> He had a second multi-homer game on September 5 against the [[Chicago Cubs]].<ref name="multi" /> Harper was named Rookie of the Month again in September after hitting .330 with seven home runs.<ref name="Wagner" /> Harper's 254 total bases and 57 extra base hits were the most ever for a player under age 20, while his 22 home runs, 98 runs scored, .340 on-base percentage, .477 slugging percentage, and .817 on base-plus-slugging were the best regular season totals for a teenager in the past 45 years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://chronicle.augusta.com/sports/baseball/2012-10-05/age-gap-doesnt-matter-nationals-bryce-harper-davey-johnson|newspaper=[[The Augusta Chronicle]] |date=October 7, 2012|accessdate=October 7, 2012|last=Howard|first=Fendrich|title=Age gap doesn't matter for Nationals' Bryce Harper, Davey Johnson}}</ref><br />
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In Game 5 of the [[2012 NLDS]] against the [[St. Louis Cardinals]], Harper hit his first postseason home run in a Nationals loss. He finished his first playoffs appearance with a .130 batting average.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/h/harpebr03.shtml|title=Bryce Harper Statistics and History|accessdate=October 14, 2012|work=[[Baseball-Reference.com]]}}</ref><br />
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Harper was named the [[National League Rookie of the Year]]. He received 112 votes, 16 of them first-place votes, beating Arizona’s [[Wade Miley]] (105 votes, 12 first-place) and Cincinnati’s [[Todd Frazier]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Bryce Harper lives up to the hype, earns NL ROY honors in extremely close vote|url=http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mlb-big-league-stew/bryce-harper-lives-hype-earns-nl-roy-honors-235605890--mlb.html|publisher=Yahoo Sports|accessdate=13 November 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career accomplishments==<br />
{{refimprove section|date=April 2012}}<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:75%;" center;"<br />
|-<br />
!style="background:#ccf;"|Year<br />
!style="background:#ccf;"|Award / Honor<br />
|-<br />
|2012||[[NL Rookie of the Year]]<br />
|-<br />
|2012||MLB National League All-Star<br />
|-<br />
|2010||[[Arizona Fall League|AFL]] Champion<br />
|-<br />
|2010||[[Major League Baseball Draft|MLB Draft]]: First overall Pick by the [[Washington Nationals]]<br />
|-<br />
|2010||[[Golden Spikes Award]]<br />
|-<br />
|2010||[[Scenic West Athletic Conference|SWAC]] Player of the Year.<ref name="NFA-20100607">{{cite web|url=http://natsfarm.com/2011/06/07/with-the-first-pick|title=With the first pick|date=June 7, 2011|accessdate=June 8, 2011<br />
|last=Oliver|first=Brian|work=Nationals Farm Authority}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2009||''[[Baseball America]]'' High School Player of the Year<br />
|-<br />
|2009||Longest HR in International Power Showcase HS Home Run Derby ([[Tropicana Field]] Record: 502&nbsp;feet)<br />
|-<br />
|2008||First Team All Sunrise Division Catcher<br />
|-<br />
|2008||First Team All State Catcher<br />
|-<br />
|2008||Player of the Year North-East Division<br />
|-<br />
|2008||Batting Average Leader for the state of Nevada<br />
|-<br />
|2008||All World Team<br />
|-<br />
|2008||All Area Code Team<br />
|-<br />
|2007||TBS 14u All American Team<br />
|-<br />
|2007||TBS 14u Player of the Year<br />
|-<br />
|2006||TBS 13u All American Team<br />
|-<br />
|2005||TBS 12u All American Team<br />
|-<br />
|2005||NYBB All American Team<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
{{Portal|Biography|Baseball}}<br />
Harper's older brother, Bryan, was a left-handed [[pitcher]] for College of Southern Nevada with Bryce. Bryan played for the University of [[South Carolina Gamecocks]], back to back winners of the 2010 and 2011 College World Series. Bryan was also selected in the 2010 MLB Draft, by the [[Chicago Cubs]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Carrie|last=Muskat|work=MLB.com|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100608&content_id=10953902&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb&partnerId=rss_mlb|title=Cubs select Bryce Harper's older bro |work=[[MLB.com]]|date=June 8, 2010|accessdate=2010-06-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://chicago.cubs.mlb.com/team/draft.jsp?c_id=chc|title=Chicago Cubs 2010 Draft Results &#124; cubs.com: Team|work=[[MLB.com]]|date=|accessdate=2010-08-17}}</ref> He did not sign and then was drafted in the 2011 MLB Draft by the Washington Nationals.<br />
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Harper was featured in an episode of ESPN [[E:60]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/e60/news/story?id=4388790|title=Bryce Harper faces pressure on his unprecedented path to Major League Baseball |work=[[ESPN.com]]|date=August 12, 2009|accessdate=2010-08-17}}</ref> and was on the cover of ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' in May 2009.<ref>{{cite news|first=Tom|last=Verducci|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1156215/index.htm|title=Baseball's LeBron|work=[[Sports Illustrated|SI.com]]|date=June 8, 2009|accessdate=2010-08-17}}</ref> Harper received a sponsorship deal with a nutritional supplement company focusing on active lifestyles, [[MusclePharm]].<ref name="Denver Post">{{cite news|title=MusclePharm Signs Pro Baseball Rookie Phenom Bryce Harper As Sponsored Athlete|url=http://www.denverpost.com/recommended/ci_20681350|agency=PR Newswire|accessdate=May 30, 2012|deadurl=yes}} {{Dead link|date=August 2012|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref><br />
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Harper is a member of the [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Jerry Crasnick |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/draft2010/columns/story?columnist=crasnick_jerry&id=5248377 |title=Millions of dollars and thousands of headlines await 17-year-old slugger Bryce Harper, the presumptive No. 1 pick in next week's draft - ESPN |work=[[ESPN.com]] |date=June 7, 2010 |accessdate=2012-06-22|unused_data=emailESPN.com MLB Sr. WriterFollowArchive}}</ref> Harper owns a customized [[Mercedes-Benz]] CLS, outfitted with a low-light glow bat enclosure in the trunk and Nationals curly "W" insignia on the rear of the car replacing the Mercedes logo.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/bryce-harper-gets-his-mercedes-pimped-out-with-a-curly-w/2012/07/10/gJQAVcbxaW_gallery.html?hpid=z7#photo=1|accessdate=July 10, 2012|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|title=Bryce Harper gets his Mercedes pimped out with a curly W|date=July 11, 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category|Bryce Harper}}<br />
{{baseballstats|mlb=547180|br=h/harpebr03|cube=h/bryce-harper|brm=harper002bry}}<br />
*[http://sites.csn.edu/dcabrera/baseball/2010/teamcume.htm#TEAM.MLB/ Bryce Harper's College Statistics]<br />
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{{S-start}}<br />
{{S-ach}}<br />
{{Succession box|title=[[List of MLB first overall draft choices|First overall pick in the MLB Entry Draft]]|before=[[Stephen Strasburg]]|years=2010|after=[[Gerrit Cole]]}}<br />
{{Incumbent succession box | title = Youngest Player in the<br>[[National League]] | start = 2012 | before = [[Jordan Lyles]]}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{Golden Spikes Award}}<br />
{{MLB Number One Draft Picks}}<br />
{{2010 MLB Draft}}<br />
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --><br />
|NAME = Harper, Bryce<br />
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES =<br />
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = American baseball player<br />
|DATE OF BIRTH = October 16, 1992<br />
|PLACE OF BIRTH = Las Vegas<br />
|DATE OF DEATH =<br />
|PLACE OF DEATH =<br />
}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Harper, Bryce}}<br />
[[Category:1992 births]]<br />
[[Category:All-Star Futures Game players]]<br />
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[[fr:Bryce Harper]]<br />
[[it:Bryce Harper]]<br />
[[ja:ブライス・ハーパー]]<br />
[[pl:Bryce Harper]]<br />
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[[zh:布萊斯·哈波]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burford,_Ontario&diff=513200784Burford, Ontario2012-09-17T17:06:12Z<p>Matty j: /* External links */ - Removed linke to Burford Times webpage, which is no longer active</p>
<hr />
<div><!-- Infobox begins --><br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
|official_name = Burford<br />
|other_name =<br />
|native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --><br />
|nickname =<br />
|settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City) --><br />
|motto =<br />
|image_skyline = Burford.jpg<br />
|imagesize = 200px<br />
|image_caption = Canada Post Office in Burford's downtown.<br />
|image_flag =<br />
|flag_size =<br />
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|mapsize1 =<br />
|map_caption1 =<br />
|pushpin_map = <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --><br />
|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --><br />
|pushpin_map_caption =<br />
|pushpin_mapsize =<br />
|coordinates_region = CA-ON<br />
|subdivision_type = Country<br />
|subdivision_name = [[Canada]]<br />
|subdivision_type1 = Province<br />
|subdivision_name1 = [[Ontario]]<br />
|subdivision_type2 = [[County]]<br />
|subdivision_name2 = [[Brant County|Brant]]<br />
|subdivision_type3 =<br />
|subdivision_name3 =<br />
|subdivision_type4 =<br />
|subdivision_name4 =<br />
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|leader_name =<br />
|leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --><br />
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|established_title = Settled<br />
|established_date = 1837<br />
|established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --><br />
|established_date2 =<br />
|established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --><br />
|established_date3 =<br />
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|population_as_of = 2006<br />
|population_footnotes =<br />
|population_note =<br />
|population_total = 1,940<br />
|population_density_km2 =<br />
|population_density_sq_mi =<br />
|population_metro =<br />
|population_density_metro_km2 =<br />
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =<br />
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|population_blank1_title =<br />
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|timezone = Eastern<br />
|utc_offset = -5<br />
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|latd=43 |latm=35 |lats=12 |latNS=N<br />
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|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> tags--><br />
|elevation_m =<br />
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|postal_code_type =<br />
|postal_code =<br />
|area_code = [[Area codes 519 and 226|519 and 226]]<br />
|blank_name =<br />
|blank_info =<br />
|blank1_name =<br />
|blank1_info =<br />
|website =<br />
|footnotes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Burford''' is a [[rural]] [[community]] and is part of the [[Brant County, Ontario|County of Brant]], in central southwestern [[Ontario]]. It has 1,940 residents (2006 Census). It is located eight kilometers west of the City of [[Brantford]] along Highway 53, and seventy kilometers east of [[London, Ontario]]. It is approximately 100 km southwest of [[Toronto]].<br />
<br />
There are few visible [[minorities]] except for [[migrant workers]] from [[Jamaica]] and [[Mexico]] who are readily welcomed into the community as they are viewed as vital part of the local economy.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}<br />
<br />
Burford is home to the [[Burford Bulldogs]], a junior hockey team that plays in the [[Southern Ontario Junior Hockey League]].<br />
<br />
Burford has a local golf course, Burford Golf Links, which was founded in 1980. It has gone through a number of different owners and is now currently part of the GolfNorth group of golf courses.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
Burford was the largest town of the former Burford Township, which included Cathcart, Harley and Princeton. Burford's ‘downtown’, the intersection of Maple Avenue and King Street (Highway 53), includes a stop light, several small businesses and a post office. The community was founded by [[Canada|Canadians]] of [[Germany|German]], [[Netherlands|Dutch]] and [[United Kingdom|British]] backgrounds. Shortly after the [[Upper Canada Rebellion|Rebellion of 1837]], Burford was the centre of an abortive rebellion in the Western District of [[Upper Canada]] led by [[Charles Duncombe (Upper Canada Rebellion)|Charles Duncombe]]. In 1999, Burford became part of the County of Brant, an amalgamation of several local municipalities including Brantford Township, the town of Paris, Oakland Township, Onondaga Township and South Dumfries Township. The current mayor of the County of Brant is Chris Friel.<br />
<br />
Historically, when [[tobacco]] was lucrative, the farms and families surrounding Burford were relatively prosperous. However, when [[Tobacco smoking|smoking]] habits began to change in the 1980s, the economy slipped into decline. Currently, farmers are more likely to be growing [[ginseng]] for oriental markets than tobacco. [[Dairy]], [[poultry]], [[Hog (swine)|hog]] and [[fish]] farming persist and range from large scale commercial operations to subsistence type family farms. The community has lost population since the 1970s and is eager to attract new investment.<br />
<br />
==Education==<br />
<br />
Burford District High School was the only secondary institution for eighty years, opening in 1922 and closing in June 2002 due to low enrollment. The building was then revamped to become [[Burford District Elementary School]] and drew students from three elementary schools which were closed around the same time: Maple Avenue, Coronation and Harley-Northfield. The Maple Avenue School is now home to the Burford Islamic School or Darul Uloom Al Islamiah Burford, a private school with a [[Muslim]] based education.<ref>http://www.brantfordexpositor.ca/ArticleDisplay.aspx?archive=true&e=1678533</ref> Most high school age students now attend [[Paris District High School]], [[Brantford Collegiate Institute]] or Assumption College and St. John’s College [[Catholic]] schools.<br />
==Service Clubs==<br />
* [[Kinsmen Club of Brantford]]<br />
* Kinsmen Club of Brantford (Kin Canada Bursaries)<br />
<br />
==Photo gallery==<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:EnteringBurfordHwy53eastbound.JPG|Entering Burford along Highway 53.<br />
Image:BurfordCommunityCentreArena.JPG|Burford Arena, home of the Bulldogs<br />
File:Burford during evening rush hour.jpg|King Street (Hwy 53)<br />
File:Burfordgrocerystore.jpg|Burford's local grocery store.<br />
Image:BurfordSchool.JPG|Burford's public school.<br />
File:Burford school 2.jpg|Burford's public school and community centre share a field.<br />
Image:BurfordTrappersGrillHouse.jpg|Burford's downtown has several restaurants.<br />
Image:BurfordOntarioroadsign.JPG|Evidence of "small town ethics" along Hwy. 53 between Burford and Cathcart.<br />
File:Burford Graveyard.jpg|The Burford Congregational Cemetery<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.brantfordkinsmen.ca/ Kinsmen Club of Brantford], a Service Club active in [http://web.archive.org/web/20091027183057/http://www.geocities.com/brantford_kinsmen1/ Burford area].<br />
* [http://www.ohahockey.org/page/show/14444-burford-bulldogs Burford Bulldogs] online stats and schedule.<br />
* [http://www.brant.ca/ County of Brant's website.]<br />
* [http://brantford.library.on.ca/genealogy/pdfs/early.pdf The Early Political and Military History of Burford]<br />
* [http://www.golfnorth.ca/page/courses/l/4/c/6/ GolfNorth]<br />
{{coord|43.1022|N|80.429|W|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Communities in the County of Brant]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Matty_j&diff=495878150User:Matty j2012-06-04T03:53:20Z<p>Matty j: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Matthew Douglas Johnston''' is a 29-year-old [[Canada|Canadian]] citizen, [[student]] and compulsive [[Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedian]]. His hobbies and interests include [[literature|reading]], playing the [[guitar]], [[philosophy]], [[running]], [[baseball]] and [[mathematics]].<br />
<br />
Matthew was born in [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], [[Ontario]], and raised in [[Burford, Ontario|Burford]], a small rural community in [[Brant County, Ontario|Brant County]]. He is instructor at the [[University of Waterloo]] having just obtained his [[Ph.D.]] in [[applied mathematics]] there.<br />
<br />
A few of Matthew's '''favourite things''' include: [[Image:MatthewDJohnston.jpg|thumbnail|right|Matthew Douglas Johnston at home]]<br />
<br><br />
'''Colour''': [[Blue]]<br><br />
'''Number''': [[Twelve]]<br><br />
'''Food''': [[Steak]], medium-well<br><br />
'''Alcoholic beverage''': [[Sleeman's]] [[Cream Ale]]<br><br />
'''Non-alcoholic beverage''': [[Dr. Pepper]]<br><br />
'''Bands''': [[Stone Temple Pilots]], [[Linkin Park]], [[Velvet Revolver]], [[Soundgarden]], [[System of a Down]]<br><br />
'''Song''': ''[[Trippin' On A Hole In A Paper Heart]]'' - Stone Temple Pilots<br><br />
'''Movies''': ''[[Memento]]'', ''[[A Clockwork Orange]]''<br><br />
'''Book''': ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]'' - [[George Orwell]]<br><br />
'''Author''': [[John Grisham]]<br><br />
== Pages Matthew has added or significantly contributed to: ==<br />
=== Baseball: === <br />
<small><br />
[[1992 World Series]] - <br />
[[1993 World Series]] - <br />
[[Roberto Alomar]] - <br />
[[Brady Anderson]] - <br />
[[Miguel Batista]] - <br />
[[Jake Beckley]] - <br />
[[Pat Borders]] - <br />
[[Jim Bottomley]] - <br />
[[Lou Boudreau]] - <br />
[[Dan Brouthers]] - <br />
[[Mordecai Brown]] - <br />
[[Jay Buhner]] - <br />
[[Jesse Burkett]] - <br />
[[Bullpen]] - <br />
[[Max Carey]] - <br />
[[Gary Carter]] - <br />
[[Frank Chance]] - <br />
[[Jack Chesbro]] - <br />
[[Jim Clancy]] - <br />
[[Fred Clarke]] - <br />
[[John Clarkson]] - <br />
[[Closer (baseball)|Closer]] - <br />
[[Eddie Collins]] - <br />
[[Jimmy Collins]] - <br />
[[David Cone]] - <br />
[[Jocko Conlan]] - <br />
[[Earle Combs]] - <br />
[[Charles Comiskey]] - <br />
[[Roger Connor]] - <br />
[[Stan Coveleski]] - <br />
[[Joe Cronin]] - <br />
[[Candy Cummings]] - <br />
[[Kiki Cuyler]] - <br />
[[George Davis (baseball player)|George Davis]] - <br />
[[Bill Dickey]] - <br />
[[Bobby Doerr]] - <br />
[[Doug Drabek]] - <br />
[[Hugh Duffy]] - <br />
[[Dugout (baseball)|Dugout]] - <br />
[[Leo Durocher]] - <br />
[[Dennis Eckersley]] - <br />
[[Expanded roster]] - <br />
[[Darrin Fletcher]] - <br />
[[Damaso Garcia]] - <br />
[[Cito Gaston]] - <br />
[[General manager (baseball)|General manager]] - <br />
[[Jason Giambi]] - <br />
[[Pat Gillick]] - <br />
[[Tom Glavine]] - <br />
[[Juan Gonzalez]] - <br />
[[Goose Goslin]] - <br />
[[Shawn Green]] - <br />
[[Alfredo Griffin]] - <br />
[[Clark Griffith]] - <br />
[[Kelly Gruber]] - <br />
[[Vladimir Guerrero]] - <br />
[[Chick Hafey]] - <br />
[[Jesse Haines]] - <br />
[[Billy Hamilton (baseball player)|Billy Hamilton]] - <br />
[[Hank Aaron Award]] - <br />
[[Ned Hanlon (baseball)|Ned Hanlon]] - <br />
[[Tom Henke]] - <br />
[[Pat Hentgen]] - <br />
[[Billy Herman]] - <br />
[[Eric Hinske]] - <br />
[[Hitting for the cycle]] - <br />
[[Hold (baseball statistics)|Hold]] - <br />
[[Harry Hooper]] - <br />
[[Miller Huggins]] - <br />
[[Interleague play]] - <br />
[[Travis Jackson]] - <br />
[[Randy Johnson]] - <br />
[[Addie Joss]] - <br />
[[Tim Keefe]] - <br />
[[Joe Kelley]] - <br />
[[George Kelly (baseball player)|George Kelly]] - <br />
[[King Kelly]] - <br />
[[Jeff Kent]] - <br />
[[Jimmy Key]] - <br />
[[Billy Koch]] - <br />
[[Corey Koskie]] - <br />
[[Tommy Lasorda]] - <br />
[[Tony Lazzeri]] - <br />
[[Left-handed specialist]] -<br />
[[Freddie Lindstrom]] - <br />
[[Ernie Lombardi]] - <br />
[[Al Lopez]] - <br />
[[Derek Lowe]] - <br />
[[Ted Lyons]] - <br />
[[Manager (baseball)|Manager]] - <br />
[[Heinie Manush]] - <br />
[[Rabbit Maranville]] - <br />
[[Juan Marichal]] - <br />
[[Buck Martinez]] - <br />
[[Bill Mazeroski]] - <br />
[[Tommy McCarthy]] - <br />
[[Jack McDowell]] - <br />
[[Joe McGinnity]] - <br />
[[John McGraw (baseball)|John McGraw]] - <br />
[[Bill McKechnie]] - <br />
[[Bid McPhee]] - <br />
[[Middle relief pitcher]] - <br />
[[Lloyd Moseby]] - <br />
[[Rance Mulliniks]] - <br />
[[Eddie Murray]] - <br />
[[Kid Nichols]] - <br />
[[Herb Pennock]] - <br />
[[Eddie Plank]] - <br />
[[Paul Quantrill]] - <br />
[[Charles Radbourn]] - <br />
[[J. P. Ricciardi]] - <br />
[[Sam Rice]] - <br />
[[Alexis Rios]] - <br />
[[Eppa Rixey]] - <br />
[[Edd Roush]] - <br />
[[Red Ruffing]] - <br />
[[Amos Rusie]] - <br />
[[Bret Saberhagen]] - <br />
[[Ray Schalk]] - <br />
[[Joe Sewell]] - <br />
[[John Smoltz]] - <br />
[[Duke Snider]] - <br />
[[Ed Sprague (MLB third baseman)|Ed Sprague]] - <br />
[[Spring training]] - <br />
[[Dave Stewart (baseball player)|Dave Stewart]] - <br />
[[Shannon Stewart]] - <br />
[[The Sporting News Reliever of the Year Award]] - <br />
[[Bill Terry]] - <br />
[[Sam Thompson]] - <br />
[[Umpire (baseball)|Umpire]] - <br />
[[Dazzy Vance]] - <br />
[[Arky Vaughan]] - <br />
[[Mo Vaughn]] - <br />
[[Larry Walker]] - <br />
[[Bobby Wallace (baseball)|Bobby Wallace]] - <br />
[[Ed Walsh]] - <br />
[[Lloyd Waner]] - <br />
[[Duane Ward]] - <br />
[[Monte Ward]] - <br />
[[Mickey Welch]] - <br />
[[Vernon Wells]] - <br />
[[Zack Wheat]] - <br />
[[Ernie Whitt]] - <br />
[[Vic Willis]] - <br />
[[George Wright (baseball)|George Wright]] - <br />
[[Harry Wright]] - <br />
[[Ross Youngs]]<br />
</small><br />
<br />
=== Mathematics: === <br />
<small><br />
[[Projected dynamical system]] - <br />
[[Variational inequality]]<br />
</small><br />
<br />
=== Geography (local interest):=== <br />
<small>[[Brant County, Ontario]] - <br />
[[Brantford Expositor]] - <br />
[[Burford, Ontario]] - <br />
[[Burford District Elementary School]] - <br />
[[Guelph Mercury]] - <br />
[[Ontario Agricultural College]] - <br />
[[University of Guelph]]<br />
</small><br />
<br />
=== Film/Novel/Entertainment: ===<br />
<small><br />
[[A Prayer for Owen Meany]] - <br />
[[A Simple Plan]] - <br />
[[Get Shorty]] - <br />
[[Misery]]<br />
</small><br />
<br />
=== Miscellaneous: ===<br />
<small><br />
[[1995 Quebec referendum]] (started) - <br />
[[William Aberhart]] - <br />
[[Hal Ashby]] - <br />
[[Glenn Beck]] - <br />
[[Lynn Bowering]] - <br />
[[Kurt Browning]] - <br />
[[Dalton Camp]] - <br />
[[CFPL-FM|FM96]] - <br />
[[Brock Chisholm]] - <br />
[[Clarity Act]] - <br />
[[Michael Coren]] - <br />
[[Michael Coren Live]] - <br />
[[Helen-Anne Embry]] - <br />
[[John Charles Fields]] - <br />
[[Handlebar moustache]] - <br />
[[Joe Hueglin]] - <br />
[[Internet Movie Database]] - <br />
[[Elmore Leonard]] - <br />
[[List of game show hosts]] - <br />
[[Gregory Martin]] - <br />
[[Miniature golf]] - <br />
[[Osprey Media Group Inc.]] - <br />
[[Steve Paikin]] - <br />
[[Richard Roeper]] - <br />
[[Brit Selby]] - <br />
[[Bob Speller]] - <br />
[[Lloyd St. Amand]] - <br />
[[Sun Media]] - <br />
[[The Sporting News]] - <br />
[[Toronto Sun]] - <br />
[[Truism]] - <br />
[[Chuck Woolery]]<br />
</small><br />
<br />
[[Category:Wikipedians in Ontario|Matty j]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Agor153&diff=485377257User talk:Agor1532012-04-03T18:43:44Z<p>Matty j: </p>
<hr />
<div>== A Belated Welcome! ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Chocolate chip cookies.jpg|thumb|300px|Sorry for the belated welcome, but the cookies are still warm! [[File:Face-smile.svg|25px]]]]Here's wishing you [[Wikipedia:Welcoming committee/Welcome to Wikipedia|a belated welcome to Wikipedia]], Agor153. I see that you've already been around awhile and wanted to thank you for [[Special:Contributions/Agor153|your contributions]]. Though you seem to have been successful in finding your way around, you may benefit from following some of the links below, which help one get the most out of Wikipedia. If you have any questions, feel free to leave me a message on {{#if: {{{1|}}}|[[User talk:{{{1}}}|my talk page]]|my talk page}} or by typing ''{{tl|helpme}}'' at the bottom of this page. I love to help new users, so don't be afraid to leave a message! {{#if:{{{2|}}}|&#32;{{{2}}}|}} I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful:<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Introduction|Introduction]]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars of Wikipedia]]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:How to edit a page|How to edit a page]]<br />
* [[Help:Contents|Help pages]]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Article development|How to write a great article]]<br />
I hope you enjoy editing here and being a [[Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedian]]! Also, when you post on [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk pages]] you should [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|sign your name]] on talk pages using four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); that should automatically produce your username and the date after your post.<br />
If you need help, check out [[Wikipedia:Questions]], ask me on {{#if: {{{1|}}}|[[User talk:{{{1}}}|my talk page]]|my talk page}}, or place {{tl|helpme}} on your talk page and ask your question there. Again, welcome! --<font face="Old English Text MT">[[User:Ser Amantio di Nicolao|Ser Amantio di Nicolao]]</font><sup>[[User_talk:Ser Amantio di Nicolao|''Che dicono a Signa?'']]</sup><sub>[[Special:Contributions/Ser Amantio di Nicolao|'''Lo dicono a Signa.''']]</sub> 20:37, 27 August 2010 (UTC)<br />
:Thank you for the very tasty cookies! [[File:Face-smile.svg|25px]]--[[User:Agor153|Agor153]] ([[User talk:Agor153#top|talk]]) 19:16, 30 August 2010 (UTC)<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Just wanted to thank you for the nice work on the [[detailed balance]] page! My academic advisor and I were both very impressed. [[User:Matty j|Matty j]] ([[User talk:Matty j|talk]]) 18:43, 3 April 2012 (UTC)</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Detailed_balance&diff=485376712Detailed balance2012-04-03T18:40:13Z<p>Matty j: /* Semi-detailed balance */ another typo</p>
<hr />
<div>The principle of '''detailed balance''' is formulated for kinetic systems which are decomposed into elementary processes (collisions, or steps, or elementary reactions): ''At [[Thermodynamic equilibrium|equilibrium]], each elementary process should be equilibrated by its reverse process.''<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
The principle of detailed balance was explicitly introduced for collisions by [[Ludwig Boltzmann]]. In 1872, he proved his [[H-theorem]] using this principle.<ref name = "Boltzmann1872">Boltzmann, L. (1964), Lectures on gas theory, Berkeley, CA, USA: U. of California Press.</ref> The arguments in favor of this property are founded upon [[microscopic reversibility]].<ref name = "Tolman1938">[[Richard C. Tolman|Tolman, R. C.]] (1938). ''The Principles of Statistical Mechanics''. Oxford University Press, London, UK.</ref> [[Albert Einstein|A. Einstein]] in 1916 used this principle in a background for his quantum theory of emission and absorption of radiation.<ref>Einstein, A. (1916). Strahlungs-Emission und -Absorption nach der Quantentheorie [=Emission and absorption of radiation in quantum theory], Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft 18 (13/14). Braunschweig: Vieweg, 318-323.</ref><br />
<br />
In 1901, [[Rudolf Wegscheider|R. Wegscheider]] introduced the principle of detailed balance for chemical kinetics.<ref>Wegscheider, R. (1911) [http://www.springerlink.com/content/q12x76713v015316/ Über simultane Gleichgewichte und die Beziehungen zwischen Thermodynamik und Reactionskinetik homogener Systeme], Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly 32(8), 849--906.</ref> In particular, he demonstrated that the irreversible cycles <math>A_1 \to A_2 \to ... \to A_n \to A_1</math> are impossible and found explicitly the relations between kinetic constants that follow from the principle of detailed balance. In 1931, [[Lars Onsager]] used these relations in his works,<ref name = "Onsager1931">Onsager, L. (1931), [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v37/i4/p405_1 Reciprocal relations in irreversible processes.] I, Phys. Rev. 37, 405-426; II 38, 2265-2279</ref> for which he was awarded the 1968 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]].<br />
<br />
Now, the principle of detailed balance is a standard part of the university courses in statistical mechanics, physical chemistry, chemical and physical kinetics.<ref name=vanKampen1992>van Kampen, N.G. "Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry", Elsevier Science (1992).</ref><ref name=Yab1991>Yablonskii, G.S., Bykov, V.I., Gorban, A.N., Elokhin, V.I. (1991), Kinetic Models of Catalytic Reactions, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier.</ref><ref>{{cite book | author=Lifshitz, E. M.; and Pitaevskii, L. P. | title=Physical kinetics | year = 1981 | location= London | publisher=Pergamon | isbn = 0-08-026480-8 ISBN 0-7506-2635-6}} Vol. 10 of the [[Course of Theoretical Physics]](3rd Ed).</ref><br />
<br />
==Microscopical background==<br />
<br />
The microscopic "reversing of time" turns at the kinetic level into the "reversing of arrows": the elementary processes transform into their reverse processes. For example, the reaction <br />
<br />
:<math>\sum_i \alpha_i A_i \to \sum_j \beta_j B_j</math> transforms into <math>\sum_j \beta_j B_j \to \sum_i \alpha_i A_i</math><br />
<br />
and conversely. (Here, <math>A_i, B_j</math> are symbols of components or states, <math>\alpha_i, \beta_j \geq 0 </math> are coefficients). The equilibrium ensemble should be invariant with respect to this transformation because of microreversibility and the uniqueness of thermodynamic equilibrium. This leads us immediately to the concept of detailed balance: each process is equilibrated by its reverse process.<br />
<br />
==Reversible Markov chains==<br />
Reversibility in Markov chains arises from [[Kolmogorov's criterion]] which demands that the product of transition rates over any closed loop of states must be the same for the chain to be reversible. A Markov process satisfies detailed balance equations if and only if it is a '''reversible Markov process''' or '''[[Markov chain#Reversible Markov chain|reversible Markov chain]]'''.<ref name=OHagan /> A [[Markov process]] is said to have detailed balance if the [[transition probability]], ''P'', between each pair of states ''i'' and ''j'' in the state space obey<br />
<br />
:<math>\pi_{i} P_{ij} = \pi_{j} P_{ji}\,,</math><br />
<br />
where ''P'' is the Markov transition matrix (transition probability), ''i.e.'', ''P''<sub>''ij''</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;''P''(''X''<sub>''t''</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;''j''&nbsp;|&nbsp;''X''<sub>''t''&nbsp;−&nbsp;1</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;''i''); and π<sub>''i''</sub> and π<sub>''j''</sub> are the equilibrium probabilities of being in states ''i'' and ''j'', respectively.<ref name=OHagan>{{Cite book|last1=O'Hagan |first1=Anthony |authorlink1= |last2=Forster |first2=Jonathan |authorlink2= |title=Kendall's Advanced Theory of Statistics, Volume 2B: Bayesian Inference |trans_title= |url= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |year=2004 |month= |origyear= |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=0 340 807520 |oclc= |doi= |id= |page=263 |pages= |at= |trans_chapter= |chapter=Section 10.3 |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp=}}</ref> When Pr(''X''<sub>''t''−1</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;''i'')&nbsp;=&nbsp;π<sub>''i''</sub> for all ''i'', this is equivalent to the joint probability matrix, Pr(''X''<sub>''t''−1</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;''i'',&nbsp;''X''<sub>''t''</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;''j'') being symmetric in ''i'' and ''j''; or symmetric in ''t''&nbsp;−&nbsp;1 and&nbsp;''t''.<br />
<br />
The definition carries over straightforwardly to continuous variables, where π becomes a probability density, and ''P''(''s''′,&nbsp;''s'') a transition kernel probability density from state ''s''′ to state&nbsp;''s'':<br />
<br />
:<math>\pi(s') P(s',s) = \pi(s) P(s,s')\,.</math><br />
<br />
The detailed balance condition is stronger than that required merely for a [[stationary distribution]]; that is, there are Markov processes with stationary distributions that do not have detailed balance. Detailed balance implies that, around any closed cycle of states, there is no net flow of probability. For example, it implies that, for all ''a'', ''b'' and ''c'',<br />
<br />
:<math>P(a,b) P(b,c) P(c,a) = P(a,c) P(c,b) P(b,a)\,.</math><br />
<br />
This can be proved by substitution from the definition. In the case of a positive transition matrix, the "no net flow" condition implies detailed balance.<br />
<br />
Transition matrices that are symmetric (''P''<sub>''ij''</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;''P''<sub>''ji''</sub> or ''P''(''s''′,&nbsp;''s'')&nbsp;=&nbsp;''P''(''s'',&nbsp;''s''′)) always have detailed balance. In these cases, a uniform distribution over the states is an equilibrium distribution. For continuous systems with detailed balance, it may be possible to continuously transform the coordinates until the equilibrium distribution is uniform, with a transition kernel which then is symmetric. In the case of discrete states, it may be possible to achieve something similar by breaking the Markov states into a degeneracy of sub-states.<br />
<br />
==Detailed balance and the entropy growth==<br />
<br />
For many systems of physical and chemical kinetics, detailed balance provides ''sufficient conditions'' for the entropy growth in isolated systems. For example, the famous Boltzmann [[H-theorem]]<ref name = "Boltzmann1872"/> states that, according to the Boltzmann equation, the principle of detailed balance implies positivity of the entropy production. The Boltzmann formula (1872) for the entropy production in the rarefied gas kinetics with detailed balance<ref name = "Boltzmann1872"/><ref name = "Tolman1938"/> served as a prototype of many similar formulas for dissipation in mass action kinetics<ref>Volpert, A.I., Khudyaev, S.I. (1985), Analysis in classes of discontinuous functions and equations of mathematical physics. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Nijoff. (Translation from the 1st Russian ed., Moscow, Nauka publ., 1975.)</ref> and generalized mass action kinetics<ref>Schuster, S., Schuster R. (1989). [http://www.springerlink.com/content/g3m2177v4344065q/ A generalization of Wegscheider's condition. Implications for properties of steady states and for quasi-steady-state approximation.] J. Math. Chem, 3 (1), 25-42.</ref> with detailed balance.<br />
<br />
Nevertheless, the principle of detailed balance is not necessary for the entropy growth. For example, in the linear irreversible cycle <math>A_1 \to A_2 \to A_3 \to A_1</math> the entropy production is positive but the principle of detailed balance does not hold. <br />
<br />
The principle of detailed balance is a ''sufficient but not necessary condition'' for the entropy growth in the Boltzmann kinetics. These relations between the principle of detailed balance and the Second law of thermodynamics were clarified in 1887 when [[Hendrik Lorentz]] objected the Boltzmann H-theorem for polyatomic gases.<ref>Lorentz H.-A. (1887) Üeber das Gleichgewicht der lebendigen Kraft unter Gasmolekülen. S.A.W. [Sitzungsberichte der Kgl. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Vienne.] 95, 115-152.</ref> Lorentz stated that the principle of detailed balance is not applicable to collisions of polyatomic molecules. Boltzmann immediately invented a new, more general condition sufficient for the entropy growth.<ref name=Boltzmann1887>Boltzmann L. (1887) Neuer Beweis zweier Sätze über das Wärmegleichgewicht unter mehratomigen Gasmolekülen. S.A.W. [Sitzungsberichte der Kgl. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Vienne.] 95, 153-164.</ref> In particular, this condition is valid for all Markov processes without any relation to time-reversibility. The entropy growth in all Markov processes was explicitely proved later.<ref>[[Claude Shannon|Shannon, C.E.]] (1948) A Mathematical Theory of Communication, Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 27, pp.&nbsp;379–423, 623–656. [http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bstj/vol27-1948/articles/bstj27-3-379.pdf] [http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bstj/vol27-1948/articles/bstj27-4-623.pdf]</ref><ref name=everett56>[[Hugh Everett]] [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/manyworlds/pdf/dissertation.pdf Theory of the Universal Wavefunction], Thesis, Princeton University, (1956, 1973), Appendix I, pp 121 ff. In his thesis, Everett used the term "detailed balance" unconventionally, instead of [[balance equation]]</ref> These theorems may be considered as simplifications of the Boltzmann result. Later, this condition was discussed as the "cyclic balance" condition (because it holds for irreversible cycles) or the "semi-detailed balance" or the "complex balance". In 1981, [[Carlo Cercignani]] and Maria Lampis proved that the Lorenz arguments were wrong and the principle of detailed balance is valid for polyatomic molecules.<ref>Cercignani, C. and Lampis, M. (1981). On the H-theorem for polyatomic gases, Journal of Statistical Physics, V. 26 (4), 795-801.</ref> Nevertheless, the extended semi-detailed balance conditions invented by Boltzmann in this discussion remain the remarkable generalization of the detailed balance.<br />
<br />
==Wegscheider's conditions for the generalized mass action law==<br />
<br />
In [[chemical kinetics]], the [[elementary reaction]]s are represented by the [[Chemical equation|stoichiometric equations]]<br />
<br />
:<math>\sum_i \alpha_{ri} A_i \to \sum_j \beta_{rj} A_j \;\; (r=1, \ldots, m) \, , </math><br />
<br />
where <math>A_i</math> are the components and <math>\alpha_{ri}, \beta_{rj}\geq 0</math> are the stoichiometric coefficients. Here, the reverse reactions with positive constants are included in the list separately. We need this separation of direct and reverse reactions to apply later the general formalism to the systems with some irreversible reactions. The system of stoichiometric equations of elementary reactions is the ''reaction mechanism''.<br />
<br />
The ''[[Stoichiometry|stoichiometric matrix]]'' is <math>\boldsymbol{\Gamma}=(\gamma_{ri})</math>, <math>\gamma_{ri}=\beta_{ri}-\alpha_{ri}</math> (gain minus loss). The ''stoichiometric vector'' <math>\gamma_r</math> is the ''r''th row of <math>\boldsymbol{\Gamma}</math> with coordinates <math>\gamma_{ri}=\beta_{ri}-\alpha_{ri}</math>.<br />
<br />
According to the ''generalized [[Law of mass action|mass action law]]'', the [[reaction rate]] for an elementary reaction is<br />
<br />
:<math>w_r=k_r \prod_{i=1}^n a_i^{\alpha_{ri}} \, ,</math><br />
<br />
where <math>a_i\geq 0</math> is the [[Activity (chemistry)|activity]] of <math>A_i</math>.<br />
<br />
The reaction mechanism includes reactions with the [[reaction rate constant]]s <math>k_r>0</math>. For each ''r'' the following notations are used: <math>k_r^+=k_r</math>, <math>w_r^+=w_r</math>, <math>k_r^-</math> is the reaction rate constant for the reverse reaction if it is in the reaction mechanism and 0 if it is not, <math>w_r^-</math> is the reaction rate for the reverse reaction if it is in the reaction mechanism and 0 if it is not. For a reversible reaction, <math>K_r=k_r^+/k_r^-</math> is the [[equilibrium constant]].<br />
<br />
The principle of detailed balance for the generalized mass action law is: For given values <math>k_r</math> there exists a positive equilibrium <math>a_i^{\rm eq}>0</math> with detailed balance, <math>w_r^+=w_r^-</math>. This means that the system of ''linear'' detailed balance equations<br />
<br />
<math>\sum_i \gamma_{ri} x_i = \ln k_r^+-\ln k_r^-=\ln K_r </math><br />
<br />
is solvable (<math>x_i=\ln a_i^{\rm eq}</math>). The following classical result gives the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the positive equilibrium <math>a_i^{\rm eq}>0</math> with detailed balance (see, for example, the textbook<ref name=Yab1991/>).<br />
<br />
Two conditions are sufficient and necessary for solvability of the system of detailed balance equations:<br />
# If <math>k_r^+>0</math> then <math>k_r^->0</math> (reversibility);<br />
# For any solution <math>\boldsymbol{\lambda}=(\lambda_r)</math> of the system<br />
:<math>\boldsymbol{\lambda \Gamma} =0 \;\; \left(\mbox{i.e.}\;\; \sum_r \lambda_r \gamma_{ri}=0\;\; \mbox{for all} \;\; i\right)</math><br />
the Wegscheider's identity<ref name=GorbanYablonsky2011>Gorban, A.N., Yablonsky, G.S. (2011) [http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1101/1101.5280v3.pdf Extended detailed balance for systems with irreversible reactions], Chemical Engineering Science 66, 5388–5399.</ref> holds:<br />
:<math>\prod_{r=1}^m (k_r^+)^{\lambda_r}=\prod_{r=1}^m (k_r^-)^{\lambda_r} \, .</math><br />
<br />
''Remark.'' It is sufficient to use in the Wegscheider conditions a basis of solutions of the system <math>\boldsymbol{\lambda \Gamma} =0 </math>.<br />
<br />
In particular, for any cycle in the monomolecular (linear) reactions the product of the reaction rate constants in the clockwise direction is equal to the product of the reaction rate constants in the counterclockwise direction. The same condition is valid for the reversible Markov processes (it is equivalent to the "no net flow" condition).<br />
<br />
A simple nonlinear example gives us a linear cycle supplemented by one nonlinear step<ref name=GorbanYablonsky2011/>: <br />
# <math>A_1 \rightleftharpoons A_2</math><br />
# <math>A_2 \rightleftharpoons A_3 </math><br />
# <math>A_3 \rightleftharpoons A_1</math><br />
# <math>A_1+A_2 \rightleftharpoons 2A_3</math><br />
There are two nontrivial independent Wegscheider's identities for this system:<br />
:<math>k_1^+k_2^+k_3^+=k_1^-k_2^-k_3^-</math> and <math>k_3^+k_4^+/k_2^+=k_3^-k_4^-/k_2^-</math><br />
They correspond to the following linear relations between the stoichiometric vectors:<br />
:<math>\gamma_1+\gamma_2+\gamma_3=0</math> and <math>\gamma_3+\gamma_4-\gamma_2=0</math>.<br />
<br />
The computational aspect of the Wegscheider conditions was studied by D. Colquhoun with co-authors.<ref>Colquhoun, D., Dowsland, K.A., Beato, M., and Plested, A.J.R. (2004) [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/Pharmacology/dc-bits/colquhoun-biophysj-04.pdf How to Impose Microscopic Reversibility in Complex Reaction Mechanisms], Biophysical Journal 86, June 2004, 3510–3518</ref><br />
<br />
The Wegscheider conditions demonstrate that whereas the principle of detailed balance states a local property of equilibrium, it implies the relations between the kinetic constants that are valid for all states far from equilibrium. This is possible because a kinetic law is known and relations between the rates of the elementary processes at equilibrium can be transformed into relations between kinetic constants which are used globally. For the Wegscheider conditions this kinetic law is the law of mass action (or the generalized law of mass action).<br />
<br />
==Dissipation in systems with detailed balance==<br />
<br />
To describe dynamics of the systems that obey the generalized mass action law, one has to represent the activities as functions of the [[concentration]]s ''c<sub>j</sub>'' and [[temperature]]. For this purpose, let us the representation of the activity through the chemical potential:<br />
:<math>a_i = \exp\left (\frac{\mu_i - \mu^{\ominus}_i}{RT}\right )</math><br />
where ''μ<sub>i</sub>'' is the [[chemical potential]] of the species under the conditions of interest, ''μ''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>''i''</sub> is the chemical potential of that species in the chosen [[standard state]], ''R'' is the [[gas constant]] and ''T'' is the [[thermodynamic temperature]]. <br />
The chemical potential can be represented as a function of ''c'' and ''T'', where ''c'' is the vector of concentrations with components ''c<sub>j</sub>''. For the ideal systems, <math>\mu_i=RT\ln c_i+\mu^{\ominus}_i</math> and <math>a_j=c_j</math>: the activity is the concentration and the generalized mass action law is the usual [[law of mass action]]. <br />
<br />
Let us consider a system in [[Isothermal process|isothermal]] (''T''=const) [[Isochoric process|isochoric]] (the volume ''V''=const) condition. For these conditions, the [[Helmholtz free energy]] ''F(T,V,N)'' measures the “useful” work obtainable from a system. It is a functions of the temperature ''T'', the volume ''V'' and the amounts of chemical components ''N<sub>j</sub>'' (usually measured in [[Mole (unit)|mole]]s), ''N'' is the vector with components ''N<sub>j</sub>''. For the ideal systems, <math>F=RT \sum_i N_i \left(\ln\left(\frac{N_i}{V}\right)-1+\frac{\mu^{\ominus}_i(T)}{RT}\right) </math><br />
<br />
The chemical potential is a partial derivative: <math> \mu_i=\partial F(T,V,N)/\partial N_j</math>.<br />
<br />
The chemical kinetic equations are <br />
:<math>\frac{d N_i}{d t}=V \sum_r \gamma_{ri}(w^+_r-w^-_r) .</math><br />
<br />
If the principle of detailed balance is valid then for any value of ''T'' there exists a positive point of detailed balance ''c''<sup>eq</sup>:<br />
:<math>w^+_r(c^{\rm eq},T)=w^-_r(c^{\rm eq},T)=w^{\rm eq}_r</math><br />
Elementary algebra gives<br />
:<math>w^+_r=w^{\rm eq}_r \exp \left(\sum_i \frac{\alpha_{ri}(\mu_i-\mu^{\rm eq}_i)}{RT}\right); \;\; w^-_r=w^{\rm eq}_r \exp \left(\sum_i \frac{\beta_{ri}(\mu_i-\mu^{\rm eq}_i)}{RT}\right);</math><br />
where <math>\mu^{\rm eq}_i=\mu_i(c^{\rm eq},T)</math><br />
<br />
For the dissipation we obtain from these formulas:<br />
<br />
:<math>\frac{d F}{d t}=\sum_i \frac{\partial F(T,V,N)}{\partial N_i} \frac{d N_i}{d t}=\sum_i \mu_i \frac{d N_i}{d t} = -VRT \sum_r (\ln w_r^+-\ln w_r^-) (w_r^+-w_r^-) \leq 0</math><br />
The inequality holds because ln is a monotone function and, hence, the expressions <math>\ln w_r^+-\ln w_r^-</math> and <math>w_r^+-w_r^-</math> have always the same sign.<br />
<br />
Similar inequalities<ref name=Yab1991/> are valid for other classical conditions for the closed systems and the corresponding characteristic functions: for isothermal isobaric conditions the [[Gibbs free energy]] decreases, for the isochoric systems with the constant [[internal energy]] ([[isolated system]]s) the [[entropy]] increases as well as for isobaric systems with the constant [[enthalpy]].<br />
<br />
== Onsager reciprocal relations and detailed balance ==<br />
<br />
Let the principle of detailed balance be valid. Then, in the linear approximation near equilibrium the reaction rates for the generalized mass action law are<br />
:<math>w^+_r=w^{\rm eq}_r \left(1+\sum_i \frac{\alpha_{ri}(\mu_i-\mu^{\rm eq}_i)}{RT}\right); \;\; w^-_r=w^{\rm eq}_r \left(1+ \sum_i \frac{\beta_{ri}(\mu_i-\mu^{\rm eq}_i)}{RT}\right);</math><br />
<br />
Therefore, in the linear approximation near equilibrium, the kinetic equations are (<math>\gamma_{rj}=\beta_{ri}-\alpha_{ri}</math>):<br />
<br />
:<math>\frac{d N_i}{d t}=-V \sum_j \left[\sum_r w^{\rm eq}_r \gamma_{ri}\gamma_{rj}\right] \frac{\mu_j-\mu^{\rm eq}_j}{RT}.</math><br />
<br />
This is exactly the Onsager form: following the original work of Onsager,<ref name = "Onsager1931"/> we should introduce the thermodynamic forces <math>X_j</math> and the matrix of coefficients <math>L_{ij}</math> in the form<br />
:<math>X_j = \frac{\mu_j-\mu^{\rm eq}_j}{T}; \;\; \frac{d N_i}{d t}=\sum_j L_{ij}X_j </math><br />
<br />
The coefficient matrix <math>L_{ij}</math> is symmetric: <br />
:<math>L_{ij}=-\frac{V}{R}\sum_r w^{\rm eq}_r \gamma_{ri}\gamma_{rj}</math><br />
<br />
These symmetry relations, <math>L_{ij}=L_{ji}</math>, are exactly the Onsager reciprocal relations. The coefficient matrix <math>L</math> is non-positive. It is negative on the [[linear span]] of the stoichiometric vectors <math>\gamma_{r}</math>.<br />
<br />
So, the Onsager relations follow from the principle of detailed balance in the linear approximation near equilibrium.<br />
<br />
==Semi-detailed balance==<br />
<br />
To formulate the principle of semi-detailed balance, it is convenient to count the direct and inverse elementary reactions separately. In this case, the kinetic equations have the form:<br />
:<math>\frac{d N_i}{d t}=V\sum_r \gamma_{ri} w_r=V\sum_r (\beta_{ri}-\alpha_{ri})w_r </math><br />
Let us use the notations <math>\alpha_r=\alpha_{ri}</math>, <math>\beta_r=\beta_{ri}</math> for the input and the output vectors of the stoichiometric coefficients of the ''r''th elementary reaction. Let <math>Y</math> be the set of all these vectors <math>\alpha_r, \beta_r</math>.<br />
<br />
For each <math>\nu \in Y</math>, let us define two sets of numbers:<br />
:<math>R_{\nu}^+=\{r|\alpha_r=\nu \}; \;\;\; R_{\nu}^-=\{r|\beta_r=\nu \}</math><br />
<br />
<math>r \in R_{\nu}^+</math> if and only if <math>\nu</math> is the vector of the input stoichiometric coefficients <math>\alpha_r</math> for the ''r''th elementary reaction;<math>r \in R_{\nu}^-</math> if and only if <math>\nu</math> is the vector of the output stoichiometric coefficients <math>\beta_r</math> for the ''r''th elementary reaction.<br />
<br />
The principle of '''semi-detailed balance''' means that in equilibrium the semi-detailed balance condition holds: for every <math>\nu \in Y</math><br />
:<math>\sum_{r\in R_{\nu}^-}w_r=\sum_{r\in R_{\nu}^+}w_r</math><br />
<br />
The semi-detailded balance condition is sufficient for the stationarity: it implies that <br />
:<math>\frac{d N}{dt}=V \sum_r \gamma_r w_r=0</math>.<br />
<br />
For the Markov kinetics the semi-detailed balance condition is just the elementary [[balance equation]] and holds for any steady state. For the nonlinear mass action law it is, in general, sufficient but not necessary condition for stationarity.<br />
<br />
The semi-detailed balance condition is weaker than the detailed balance one: if the principle of detailed balance holds then the condition of semi-detailed balance also holds.<br />
<br />
For systems that obey the generalized mass action law the semi-detailed balance condition is sufficient for the dissipation inequality <math>d F/ dt \geq 0</math> (for the Helmholtz free energy under isothermal isochoric conditions and for the dissipation inequalities under other classical conditions for the corresponding thermodynamic potentials). <br />
<br />
Boltzmann introduced the semi-detailed balance condition for collisions in 1887<ref name=Boltzmann1887 /> and proved that it guaranties the positivity of the entropy production. For chemical kinetics, this condition (as the ''complex balance'' condition) was introduced by Horn and Jackson in 1972.<ref name="HornJackson1972">''Horn, F., Jackson, R.'' (1972) General mass action kinetics. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 47, 87-116.</ref><br />
<br />
The microscopic backgrounds for the semi-detailed balance were found in the Markov microkinetics of the intermediate compounds that are present in small amounts and whose concentrations are in quasiequilibrium with the main components.<ref>''Stueckelberg, E.C.G.'' (1952) Theoreme ''H'' et unitarite de ''S''. Helv. Phys. Acta 25, 577-580</ref> Under these microscopic assumptions, the semi-detailed balance condition is just the [[balance equation]] for the Markov microkinetics according to the '''Michaelis-Menten-Stueckelberg theorem.<ref name="GorbanShahzad2011">''Gorban, A.N., Shahzad, M.'' (2011) [http://arxiv.org/pdf/1008.3296v3 The Michaelis-Menten-Stueckelberg Theorem.] Entropy 13, no. 5, 966-1019.</ref><br />
<br />
== Dissipation in systems with semi-detailed balance ==<br />
<br />
Let us represent the generalized mass action law in the equivalent form: the rate of the elementary process <br />
:<math>\sum_i \alpha_{ri} A_i \to \sum_i \beta_{ri} A_i</math><br />
is<br />
:<math>w_r=\varphi_r \exp\left(\sum_i\frac{\alpha_{ri} \mu_i}{RT}\right)</math><br />
where <math>\mu_i=\partial F(T,V,N)/ \partial N_i</math> is the chemical potential and <math>F(T,V,N)</math> is the [[Helmholtz free energy]]. The exponential term is called the ''Boltzmann factor'' and the multiplier <math>\varphi_r \geq 0</math> is the kinetic factor.<ref name="GorbanShahzad2011" /><br />
Let us count the direct and reverse reaction in the kinetic equation separately:<br />
:<math>\frac{d N_i}{d t}=V\sum_r \gamma_{ri} w_r</math><br />
An auxiliary function <math>\theta(\lambda)</math> of one variable <math>\lambda\in [0,1]</math> is convenient for the representation of dissipation for the mass action law<br />
:<math>\theta(\lambda)=\sum_{r}\varphi_{r}\exp\left(\sum_i\frac{(\lambda \alpha_{ri}+(1-\lambda)\beta_{ri}))\mu_i}{RT}\right)</math><br />
This function <math>\theta(\lambda)</math> may be considered as the sum of the reaction rates for ''deformed'' input stoichiometric coefficients <math>\tilde{\alpha}_{\rho}(\lambda)=\lambda \alpha_{\rho}+(1-\lambda)\beta_{\rho}</math>. For <math>\lambda=1</math> it is just the sum of the reaction rates. The function <math>\theta(\lambda)</math> is convex because <math>\theta''(\lambda) \geq 0</math>. <br />
<br />
Direct calculation gives that according to the kinetic equations<br />
:<math> \frac{d F}{d t}=-VRT \left.\frac{d \theta(\lambda)}{d \lambda}\right|_{\lambda=1}</math><br />
This is ''the general dissipation formula for the generalized mass action law''.<ref name="GorbanShahzad2011" /><br />
<br />
Convexity of <math>\theta(\lambda)</math> gives the sufficient and necessary conditions for the proper dissipation inequality:<br />
:<math>\frac{d F}{d t}<0 \mbox{ if and only if } \theta(\lambda)< \theta(1) \mbox{ for some }\lambda <1; \;\;\; \frac{d F}{d t}\leq0 \mbox{ if and only if } \theta(\lambda)\leq \theta(1) \mbox{ for some }\lambda <1 </math><br />
<br />
The semi-detailed balance condition can be transformed into identity <math>\theta(0)\equiv \theta(1)</math>. Therefore, for the systems with semi-detailed balance <math>{d F}/{d t}\leq 0</math>.<ref name="HornJackson1972" /><br />
<br />
== Detailed balance for systems with irreversible reactions ==<br />
<br />
Detailed balance states that in equilibrium each elementary process is equilibrated by its reverse process and required reversibility of all elementary processes. For many real physico-chemical complex systems (e.g. homogeneous combustion, heterogeneous catalytic oxidation, most enzyme reactions etc), detailed mechanisms include both reversible and irreversible reactions. If one represents irreversible reactions as limits of reversible steps, then it become obvious that not all reaction mechanisms with irreversible reactions can be obtained as limits of systems or reversible reactions with detailed balance. For example, the irreversible cycle <math>A_1 \to A_2 \to A_3 \to A_1</math> cannot be obtained as such a limit but the reaction mechanism <math>A_1 \to A_2 \to A_3 \leftarrow A_1</math> can.<ref>Chu, Ch. (1971), Gas absorption accompanied by a system of first-order reactions, Chem. Eng. Sci. 26(3), 305-312.</ref><br />
<br />
''A system of reactions with some irreversible reactions is a limit of systems with detailed balance when some constants tend to zero if and only if (i) the reversible part of this system satisfies the principle of detailed balance and (ii) the [[convex hull]] of the stoichiometric vectors of the irreversible reactions has empty intersection with the [[linear span]] of the stoichiometric vectors of the reversible reactions.''<ref name=GorbanYablonsky2011/> Physically, the last condition means that the irreversible reactions cannot be included in oriented cyclic pathways.<br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[asymmetry]]<br />
* [[Atomic spectral line]] (deduction of the Einstein coefficients)<br />
* [[Balance equation]]<br />
* [[Dynamics of Markovian particles|DMP]]<br />
* [[Gibbs sampling]]<br />
* [[Master equation]]<br />
* [[Random_walk#Random_walk_on_graphs|Random walks on graphs]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Detailed Balance}}<br />
[[Category:Probability theory]]<br />
[[Category:Non-equilibrium thermodynamics]]<br />
[[Category:Statistical mechanics]]<br />
[[Category:Markov models]]<br />
[[Category:Chemical kinetics| ]]<br />
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[[de:Detailed Balance]]<br />
[[ja:詳細釣り合い]]<br />
[[ru:Принцип детального равновесия]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Detailed_balance&diff=485376321Detailed balance2012-04-03T18:37:38Z<p>Matty j: /* Semi-detailed balance */ typo</p>
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<div>The principle of '''detailed balance''' is formulated for kinetic systems which are decomposed into elementary processes (collisions, or steps, or elementary reactions): ''At [[Thermodynamic equilibrium|equilibrium]], each elementary process should be equilibrated by its reverse process.''<br />
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==History==<br />
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The principle of detailed balance was explicitly introduced for collisions by [[Ludwig Boltzmann]]. In 1872, he proved his [[H-theorem]] using this principle.<ref name = "Boltzmann1872">Boltzmann, L. (1964), Lectures on gas theory, Berkeley, CA, USA: U. of California Press.</ref> The arguments in favor of this property are founded upon [[microscopic reversibility]].<ref name = "Tolman1938">[[Richard C. Tolman|Tolman, R. C.]] (1938). ''The Principles of Statistical Mechanics''. Oxford University Press, London, UK.</ref> [[Albert Einstein|A. Einstein]] in 1916 used this principle in a background for his quantum theory of emission and absorption of radiation.<ref>Einstein, A. (1916). Strahlungs-Emission und -Absorption nach der Quantentheorie [=Emission and absorption of radiation in quantum theory], Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft 18 (13/14). Braunschweig: Vieweg, 318-323.</ref><br />
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In 1901, [[Rudolf Wegscheider|R. Wegscheider]] introduced the principle of detailed balance for chemical kinetics.<ref>Wegscheider, R. (1911) [http://www.springerlink.com/content/q12x76713v015316/ Über simultane Gleichgewichte und die Beziehungen zwischen Thermodynamik und Reactionskinetik homogener Systeme], Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly 32(8), 849--906.</ref> In particular, he demonstrated that the irreversible cycles <math>A_1 \to A_2 \to ... \to A_n \to A_1</math> are impossible and found explicitly the relations between kinetic constants that follow from the principle of detailed balance. In 1931, [[Lars Onsager]] used these relations in his works,<ref name = "Onsager1931">Onsager, L. (1931), [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v37/i4/p405_1 Reciprocal relations in irreversible processes.] I, Phys. Rev. 37, 405-426; II 38, 2265-2279</ref> for which he was awarded the 1968 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]].<br />
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Now, the principle of detailed balance is a standard part of the university courses in statistical mechanics, physical chemistry, chemical and physical kinetics.<ref name=vanKampen1992>van Kampen, N.G. "Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry", Elsevier Science (1992).</ref><ref name=Yab1991>Yablonskii, G.S., Bykov, V.I., Gorban, A.N., Elokhin, V.I. (1991), Kinetic Models of Catalytic Reactions, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier.</ref><ref>{{cite book | author=Lifshitz, E. M.; and Pitaevskii, L. P. | title=Physical kinetics | year = 1981 | location= London | publisher=Pergamon | isbn = 0-08-026480-8 ISBN 0-7506-2635-6}} Vol. 10 of the [[Course of Theoretical Physics]](3rd Ed).</ref><br />
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==Microscopical background==<br />
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The microscopic "reversing of time" turns at the kinetic level into the "reversing of arrows": the elementary processes transform into their reverse processes. For example, the reaction <br />
<br />
:<math>\sum_i \alpha_i A_i \to \sum_j \beta_j B_j</math> transforms into <math>\sum_j \beta_j B_j \to \sum_i \alpha_i A_i</math><br />
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and conversely. (Here, <math>A_i, B_j</math> are symbols of components or states, <math>\alpha_i, \beta_j \geq 0 </math> are coefficients). The equilibrium ensemble should be invariant with respect to this transformation because of microreversibility and the uniqueness of thermodynamic equilibrium. This leads us immediately to the concept of detailed balance: each process is equilibrated by its reverse process.<br />
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==Reversible Markov chains==<br />
Reversibility in Markov chains arises from [[Kolmogorov's criterion]] which demands that the product of transition rates over any closed loop of states must be the same for the chain to be reversible. A Markov process satisfies detailed balance equations if and only if it is a '''reversible Markov process''' or '''[[Markov chain#Reversible Markov chain|reversible Markov chain]]'''.<ref name=OHagan /> A [[Markov process]] is said to have detailed balance if the [[transition probability]], ''P'', between each pair of states ''i'' and ''j'' in the state space obey<br />
<br />
:<math>\pi_{i} P_{ij} = \pi_{j} P_{ji}\,,</math><br />
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where ''P'' is the Markov transition matrix (transition probability), ''i.e.'', ''P''<sub>''ij''</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;''P''(''X''<sub>''t''</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;''j''&nbsp;|&nbsp;''X''<sub>''t''&nbsp;−&nbsp;1</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;''i''); and π<sub>''i''</sub> and π<sub>''j''</sub> are the equilibrium probabilities of being in states ''i'' and ''j'', respectively.<ref name=OHagan>{{Cite book|last1=O'Hagan |first1=Anthony |authorlink1= |last2=Forster |first2=Jonathan |authorlink2= |title=Kendall's Advanced Theory of Statistics, Volume 2B: Bayesian Inference |trans_title= |url= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |year=2004 |month= |origyear= |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=0 340 807520 |oclc= |doi= |id= |page=263 |pages= |at= |trans_chapter= |chapter=Section 10.3 |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp=}}</ref> When Pr(''X''<sub>''t''−1</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;''i'')&nbsp;=&nbsp;π<sub>''i''</sub> for all ''i'', this is equivalent to the joint probability matrix, Pr(''X''<sub>''t''−1</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;''i'',&nbsp;''X''<sub>''t''</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;''j'') being symmetric in ''i'' and ''j''; or symmetric in ''t''&nbsp;−&nbsp;1 and&nbsp;''t''.<br />
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The definition carries over straightforwardly to continuous variables, where π becomes a probability density, and ''P''(''s''′,&nbsp;''s'') a transition kernel probability density from state ''s''′ to state&nbsp;''s'':<br />
<br />
:<math>\pi(s') P(s',s) = \pi(s) P(s,s')\,.</math><br />
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The detailed balance condition is stronger than that required merely for a [[stationary distribution]]; that is, there are Markov processes with stationary distributions that do not have detailed balance. Detailed balance implies that, around any closed cycle of states, there is no net flow of probability. For example, it implies that, for all ''a'', ''b'' and ''c'',<br />
<br />
:<math>P(a,b) P(b,c) P(c,a) = P(a,c) P(c,b) P(b,a)\,.</math><br />
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This can be proved by substitution from the definition. In the case of a positive transition matrix, the "no net flow" condition implies detailed balance.<br />
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Transition matrices that are symmetric (''P''<sub>''ij''</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;''P''<sub>''ji''</sub> or ''P''(''s''′,&nbsp;''s'')&nbsp;=&nbsp;''P''(''s'',&nbsp;''s''′)) always have detailed balance. In these cases, a uniform distribution over the states is an equilibrium distribution. For continuous systems with detailed balance, it may be possible to continuously transform the coordinates until the equilibrium distribution is uniform, with a transition kernel which then is symmetric. In the case of discrete states, it may be possible to achieve something similar by breaking the Markov states into a degeneracy of sub-states.<br />
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==Detailed balance and the entropy growth==<br />
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For many systems of physical and chemical kinetics, detailed balance provides ''sufficient conditions'' for the entropy growth in isolated systems. For example, the famous Boltzmann [[H-theorem]]<ref name = "Boltzmann1872"/> states that, according to the Boltzmann equation, the principle of detailed balance implies positivity of the entropy production. The Boltzmann formula (1872) for the entropy production in the rarefied gas kinetics with detailed balance<ref name = "Boltzmann1872"/><ref name = "Tolman1938"/> served as a prototype of many similar formulas for dissipation in mass action kinetics<ref>Volpert, A.I., Khudyaev, S.I. (1985), Analysis in classes of discontinuous functions and equations of mathematical physics. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Nijoff. (Translation from the 1st Russian ed., Moscow, Nauka publ., 1975.)</ref> and generalized mass action kinetics<ref>Schuster, S., Schuster R. (1989). [http://www.springerlink.com/content/g3m2177v4344065q/ A generalization of Wegscheider's condition. Implications for properties of steady states and for quasi-steady-state approximation.] J. Math. Chem, 3 (1), 25-42.</ref> with detailed balance.<br />
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Nevertheless, the principle of detailed balance is not necessary for the entropy growth. For example, in the linear irreversible cycle <math>A_1 \to A_2 \to A_3 \to A_1</math> the entropy production is positive but the principle of detailed balance does not hold. <br />
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The principle of detailed balance is a ''sufficient but not necessary condition'' for the entropy growth in the Boltzmann kinetics. These relations between the principle of detailed balance and the Second law of thermodynamics were clarified in 1887 when [[Hendrik Lorentz]] objected the Boltzmann H-theorem for polyatomic gases.<ref>Lorentz H.-A. (1887) Üeber das Gleichgewicht der lebendigen Kraft unter Gasmolekülen. S.A.W. [Sitzungsberichte der Kgl. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Vienne.] 95, 115-152.</ref> Lorentz stated that the principle of detailed balance is not applicable to collisions of polyatomic molecules. Boltzmann immediately invented a new, more general condition sufficient for the entropy growth.<ref name=Boltzmann1887>Boltzmann L. (1887) Neuer Beweis zweier Sätze über das Wärmegleichgewicht unter mehratomigen Gasmolekülen. S.A.W. [Sitzungsberichte der Kgl. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Vienne.] 95, 153-164.</ref> In particular, this condition is valid for all Markov processes without any relation to time-reversibility. The entropy growth in all Markov processes was explicitely proved later.<ref>[[Claude Shannon|Shannon, C.E.]] (1948) A Mathematical Theory of Communication, Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 27, pp.&nbsp;379–423, 623–656. [http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bstj/vol27-1948/articles/bstj27-3-379.pdf] [http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bstj/vol27-1948/articles/bstj27-4-623.pdf]</ref><ref name=everett56>[[Hugh Everett]] [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/manyworlds/pdf/dissertation.pdf Theory of the Universal Wavefunction], Thesis, Princeton University, (1956, 1973), Appendix I, pp 121 ff. In his thesis, Everett used the term "detailed balance" unconventionally, instead of [[balance equation]]</ref> These theorems may be considered as simplifications of the Boltzmann result. Later, this condition was discussed as the "cyclic balance" condition (because it holds for irreversible cycles) or the "semi-detailed balance" or the "complex balance". In 1981, [[Carlo Cercignani]] and Maria Lampis proved that the Lorenz arguments were wrong and the principle of detailed balance is valid for polyatomic molecules.<ref>Cercignani, C. and Lampis, M. (1981). On the H-theorem for polyatomic gases, Journal of Statistical Physics, V. 26 (4), 795-801.</ref> Nevertheless, the extended semi-detailed balance conditions invented by Boltzmann in this discussion remain the remarkable generalization of the detailed balance.<br />
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==Wegscheider's conditions for the generalized mass action law==<br />
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In [[chemical kinetics]], the [[elementary reaction]]s are represented by the [[Chemical equation|stoichiometric equations]]<br />
<br />
:<math>\sum_i \alpha_{ri} A_i \to \sum_j \beta_{rj} A_j \;\; (r=1, \ldots, m) \, , </math><br />
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where <math>A_i</math> are the components and <math>\alpha_{ri}, \beta_{rj}\geq 0</math> are the stoichiometric coefficients. Here, the reverse reactions with positive constants are included in the list separately. We need this separation of direct and reverse reactions to apply later the general formalism to the systems with some irreversible reactions. The system of stoichiometric equations of elementary reactions is the ''reaction mechanism''.<br />
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The ''[[Stoichiometry|stoichiometric matrix]]'' is <math>\boldsymbol{\Gamma}=(\gamma_{ri})</math>, <math>\gamma_{ri}=\beta_{ri}-\alpha_{ri}</math> (gain minus loss). The ''stoichiometric vector'' <math>\gamma_r</math> is the ''r''th row of <math>\boldsymbol{\Gamma}</math> with coordinates <math>\gamma_{ri}=\beta_{ri}-\alpha_{ri}</math>.<br />
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According to the ''generalized [[Law of mass action|mass action law]]'', the [[reaction rate]] for an elementary reaction is<br />
<br />
:<math>w_r=k_r \prod_{i=1}^n a_i^{\alpha_{ri}} \, ,</math><br />
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where <math>a_i\geq 0</math> is the [[Activity (chemistry)|activity]] of <math>A_i</math>.<br />
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The reaction mechanism includes reactions with the [[reaction rate constant]]s <math>k_r>0</math>. For each ''r'' the following notations are used: <math>k_r^+=k_r</math>, <math>w_r^+=w_r</math>, <math>k_r^-</math> is the reaction rate constant for the reverse reaction if it is in the reaction mechanism and 0 if it is not, <math>w_r^-</math> is the reaction rate for the reverse reaction if it is in the reaction mechanism and 0 if it is not. For a reversible reaction, <math>K_r=k_r^+/k_r^-</math> is the [[equilibrium constant]].<br />
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The principle of detailed balance for the generalized mass action law is: For given values <math>k_r</math> there exists a positive equilibrium <math>a_i^{\rm eq}>0</math> with detailed balance, <math>w_r^+=w_r^-</math>. This means that the system of ''linear'' detailed balance equations<br />
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<math>\sum_i \gamma_{ri} x_i = \ln k_r^+-\ln k_r^-=\ln K_r </math><br />
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is solvable (<math>x_i=\ln a_i^{\rm eq}</math>). The following classical result gives the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the positive equilibrium <math>a_i^{\rm eq}>0</math> with detailed balance (see, for example, the textbook<ref name=Yab1991/>).<br />
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Two conditions are sufficient and necessary for solvability of the system of detailed balance equations:<br />
# If <math>k_r^+>0</math> then <math>k_r^->0</math> (reversibility);<br />
# For any solution <math>\boldsymbol{\lambda}=(\lambda_r)</math> of the system<br />
:<math>\boldsymbol{\lambda \Gamma} =0 \;\; \left(\mbox{i.e.}\;\; \sum_r \lambda_r \gamma_{ri}=0\;\; \mbox{for all} \;\; i\right)</math><br />
the Wegscheider's identity<ref name=GorbanYablonsky2011>Gorban, A.N., Yablonsky, G.S. (2011) [http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1101/1101.5280v3.pdf Extended detailed balance for systems with irreversible reactions], Chemical Engineering Science 66, 5388–5399.</ref> holds:<br />
:<math>\prod_{r=1}^m (k_r^+)^{\lambda_r}=\prod_{r=1}^m (k_r^-)^{\lambda_r} \, .</math><br />
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''Remark.'' It is sufficient to use in the Wegscheider conditions a basis of solutions of the system <math>\boldsymbol{\lambda \Gamma} =0 </math>.<br />
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In particular, for any cycle in the monomolecular (linear) reactions the product of the reaction rate constants in the clockwise direction is equal to the product of the reaction rate constants in the counterclockwise direction. The same condition is valid for the reversible Markov processes (it is equivalent to the "no net flow" condition).<br />
<br />
A simple nonlinear example gives us a linear cycle supplemented by one nonlinear step<ref name=GorbanYablonsky2011/>: <br />
# <math>A_1 \rightleftharpoons A_2</math><br />
# <math>A_2 \rightleftharpoons A_3 </math><br />
# <math>A_3 \rightleftharpoons A_1</math><br />
# <math>A_1+A_2 \rightleftharpoons 2A_3</math><br />
There are two nontrivial independent Wegscheider's identities for this system:<br />
:<math>k_1^+k_2^+k_3^+=k_1^-k_2^-k_3^-</math> and <math>k_3^+k_4^+/k_2^+=k_3^-k_4^-/k_2^-</math><br />
They correspond to the following linear relations between the stoichiometric vectors:<br />
:<math>\gamma_1+\gamma_2+\gamma_3=0</math> and <math>\gamma_3+\gamma_4-\gamma_2=0</math>.<br />
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The computational aspect of the Wegscheider conditions was studied by D. Colquhoun with co-authors.<ref>Colquhoun, D., Dowsland, K.A., Beato, M., and Plested, A.J.R. (2004) [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/Pharmacology/dc-bits/colquhoun-biophysj-04.pdf How to Impose Microscopic Reversibility in Complex Reaction Mechanisms], Biophysical Journal 86, June 2004, 3510–3518</ref><br />
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The Wegscheider conditions demonstrate that whereas the principle of detailed balance states a local property of equilibrium, it implies the relations between the kinetic constants that are valid for all states far from equilibrium. This is possible because a kinetic law is known and relations between the rates of the elementary processes at equilibrium can be transformed into relations between kinetic constants which are used globally. For the Wegscheider conditions this kinetic law is the law of mass action (or the generalized law of mass action).<br />
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==Dissipation in systems with detailed balance==<br />
<br />
To describe dynamics of the systems that obey the generalized mass action law, one has to represent the activities as functions of the [[concentration]]s ''c<sub>j</sub>'' and [[temperature]]. For this purpose, let us the representation of the activity through the chemical potential:<br />
:<math>a_i = \exp\left (\frac{\mu_i - \mu^{\ominus}_i}{RT}\right )</math><br />
where ''μ<sub>i</sub>'' is the [[chemical potential]] of the species under the conditions of interest, ''μ''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>''i''</sub> is the chemical potential of that species in the chosen [[standard state]], ''R'' is the [[gas constant]] and ''T'' is the [[thermodynamic temperature]]. <br />
The chemical potential can be represented as a function of ''c'' and ''T'', where ''c'' is the vector of concentrations with components ''c<sub>j</sub>''. For the ideal systems, <math>\mu_i=RT\ln c_i+\mu^{\ominus}_i</math> and <math>a_j=c_j</math>: the activity is the concentration and the generalized mass action law is the usual [[law of mass action]]. <br />
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Let us consider a system in [[Isothermal process|isothermal]] (''T''=const) [[Isochoric process|isochoric]] (the volume ''V''=const) condition. For these conditions, the [[Helmholtz free energy]] ''F(T,V,N)'' measures the “useful” work obtainable from a system. It is a functions of the temperature ''T'', the volume ''V'' and the amounts of chemical components ''N<sub>j</sub>'' (usually measured in [[Mole (unit)|mole]]s), ''N'' is the vector with components ''N<sub>j</sub>''. For the ideal systems, <math>F=RT \sum_i N_i \left(\ln\left(\frac{N_i}{V}\right)-1+\frac{\mu^{\ominus}_i(T)}{RT}\right) </math><br />
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The chemical potential is a partial derivative: <math> \mu_i=\partial F(T,V,N)/\partial N_j</math>.<br />
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The chemical kinetic equations are <br />
:<math>\frac{d N_i}{d t}=V \sum_r \gamma_{ri}(w^+_r-w^-_r) .</math><br />
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If the principle of detailed balance is valid then for any value of ''T'' there exists a positive point of detailed balance ''c''<sup>eq</sup>:<br />
:<math>w^+_r(c^{\rm eq},T)=w^-_r(c^{\rm eq},T)=w^{\rm eq}_r</math><br />
Elementary algebra gives<br />
:<math>w^+_r=w^{\rm eq}_r \exp \left(\sum_i \frac{\alpha_{ri}(\mu_i-\mu^{\rm eq}_i)}{RT}\right); \;\; w^-_r=w^{\rm eq}_r \exp \left(\sum_i \frac{\beta_{ri}(\mu_i-\mu^{\rm eq}_i)}{RT}\right);</math><br />
where <math>\mu^{\rm eq}_i=\mu_i(c^{\rm eq},T)</math><br />
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For the dissipation we obtain from these formulas:<br />
<br />
:<math>\frac{d F}{d t}=\sum_i \frac{\partial F(T,V,N)}{\partial N_i} \frac{d N_i}{d t}=\sum_i \mu_i \frac{d N_i}{d t} = -VRT \sum_r (\ln w_r^+-\ln w_r^-) (w_r^+-w_r^-) \leq 0</math><br />
The inequality holds because ln is a monotone function and, hence, the expressions <math>\ln w_r^+-\ln w_r^-</math> and <math>w_r^+-w_r^-</math> have always the same sign.<br />
<br />
Similar inequalities<ref name=Yab1991/> are valid for other classical conditions for the closed systems and the corresponding characteristic functions: for isothermal isobaric conditions the [[Gibbs free energy]] decreases, for the isochoric systems with the constant [[internal energy]] ([[isolated system]]s) the [[entropy]] increases as well as for isobaric systems with the constant [[enthalpy]].<br />
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== Onsager reciprocal relations and detailed balance ==<br />
<br />
Let the principle of detailed balance be valid. Then, in the linear approximation near equilibrium the reaction rates for the generalized mass action law are<br />
:<math>w^+_r=w^{\rm eq}_r \left(1+\sum_i \frac{\alpha_{ri}(\mu_i-\mu^{\rm eq}_i)}{RT}\right); \;\; w^-_r=w^{\rm eq}_r \left(1+ \sum_i \frac{\beta_{ri}(\mu_i-\mu^{\rm eq}_i)}{RT}\right);</math><br />
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Therefore, in the linear approximation near equilibrium, the kinetic equations are (<math>\gamma_{rj}=\beta_{ri}-\alpha_{ri}</math>):<br />
<br />
:<math>\frac{d N_i}{d t}=-V \sum_j \left[\sum_r w^{\rm eq}_r \gamma_{ri}\gamma_{rj}\right] \frac{\mu_j-\mu^{\rm eq}_j}{RT}.</math><br />
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This is exactly the Onsager form: following the original work of Onsager,<ref name = "Onsager1931"/> we should introduce the thermodynamic forces <math>X_j</math> and the matrix of coefficients <math>L_{ij}</math> in the form<br />
:<math>X_j = \frac{\mu_j-\mu^{\rm eq}_j}{T}; \;\; \frac{d N_i}{d t}=\sum_j L_{ij}X_j </math><br />
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The coefficient matrix <math>L_{ij}</math> is symmetric: <br />
:<math>L_{ij}=-\frac{V}{R}\sum_r w^{\rm eq}_r \gamma_{ri}\gamma_{rj}</math><br />
<br />
These symmetry relations, <math>L_{ij}=L_{ji}</math>, are exactly the Onsager reciprocal relations. The coefficient matrix <math>L</math> is non-positive. It is negative on the [[linear span]] of the stoichiometric vectors <math>\gamma_{r}</math>.<br />
<br />
So, the Onsager relations follow from the principle of detailed balance in the linear approximation near equilibrium.<br />
<br />
==Semi-detailed balance==<br />
<br />
To formulate the principle of semi-detailed balance, it is convenient to count the direct and inverse elementary reactions separately. In this case, the kinetic equations have the form:<br />
:<math>\frac{d N_i}{d t}=V\sum_r \gamma_{ri} w_r=V\sum_r (\beta_{ri}-\alpha_{ri})w_r </math><br />
Let us use the notations <math>\alpha_r=\alpha_{ri}</math>, <math>\beta_r=\beta_{ri}</math> for the input and the output vectors of the stoichiometric coefficients of the ''r''th elementary reaction. Let <math>Y</math> be the set of all these vectors <math>\alpha_r, \beta_r</math>.<br />
<br />
For each <math>\nu \in Y</math>, let us define two sets of numbers:<br />
:<math>R_{\nu}^+=\{r|\alpha_r=\nu \}; \;\;\; R_{\nu}^-=\{r|\beta_r=\nu \}</math><br />
<br />
<math>r \in R_{\nu}^+</math> if and only if <math>\nu</math> is the vector of the input stoichiometric coefficients <math>\alpha_r</math> for the ''r''th elementary reaction;<math>r \in R_{\nu}^-</math> if and only if <math>\nu</math> is the vector of the output stoichiometric coefficients <math>\beta_r</math> for the ''r''th elementary reaction.<br />
<br />
The principle of '''semi-detailed balance''' means that in equilibrium the semi-detailed balance condition holds: for every <math>\nu \in Y</math><br />
:<math>\sum_{r\in R_{\nu}^+}w_r=\sum_{r\in R_{\nu}^+}w_r</math><br />
<br />
The semi-detailded balance condition is sufficient for the stationarity: it implies that <br />
:<math>\frac{d N}{dt}=V \sum_r \gamma_r w_r=0</math>.<br />
<br />
For the Markov kinetics the semi-detailed balance condition is just the elementary [[balance equation]] and holds for any steady state. For the nonlinear mass action law it is, in general, sufficient but not necessary condition for stationarity.<br />
<br />
The semi-detailed balance condition is weaker than the detailed balance one: if the principle of detailed balance holds then the condition of semi-detailed balance also holds.<br />
<br />
For systems that obey the generalized mass action law the semi-detailed balance condition is sufficient for the dissipation inequality <math>d F/ dt \geq 0</math> (for the Helmholtz free energy under isothermal isochoric conditions and for the dissipation inequalities under other classical conditions for the corresponding thermodynamic potentials). <br />
<br />
Boltzmann introduced the semi-detailed balance condition for collisions in 1887<ref name=Boltzmann1887 /> and proved that it guaranties the positivity of the entropy production. For chemical kinetics, this condition (as the ''complex balance'' condition) was introduced by Horn and Jackson in 1972.<ref name="HornJackson1972">''Horn, F., Jackson, R.'' (1972) General mass action kinetics. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 47, 87-116.</ref><br />
<br />
The microscopic backgrounds for the semi-detailed balance were found in the Markov microkinetics of the intermediate compounds that are present in small amounts and whose concentrations are in quasiequilibrium with the main components.<ref>''Stueckelberg, E.C.G.'' (1952) Theoreme ''H'' et unitarite de ''S''. Helv. Phys. Acta 25, 577-580</ref> Under these microscopic assumptions, the semi-detailed balance condition is just the [[balance equation]] for the Markov microkinetics according to the '''Michaelis-Menten-Stueckelberg theorem.<ref name="GorbanShahzad2011">''Gorban, A.N., Shahzad, M.'' (2011) [http://arxiv.org/pdf/1008.3296v3 The Michaelis-Menten-Stueckelberg Theorem.] Entropy 13, no. 5, 966-1019.</ref><br />
<br />
== Dissipation in systems with semi-detailed balance ==<br />
<br />
Let us represent the generalized mass action law in the equivalent form: the rate of the elementary process <br />
:<math>\sum_i \alpha_{ri} A_i \to \sum_i \beta_{ri} A_i</math><br />
is<br />
:<math>w_r=\varphi_r \exp\left(\sum_i\frac{\alpha_{ri} \mu_i}{RT}\right)</math><br />
where <math>\mu_i=\partial F(T,V,N)/ \partial N_i</math> is the chemical potential and <math>F(T,V,N)</math> is the [[Helmholtz free energy]]. The exponential term is called the ''Boltzmann factor'' and the multiplier <math>\varphi_r \geq 0</math> is the kinetic factor.<ref name="GorbanShahzad2011" /><br />
Let us count the direct and reverse reaction in the kinetic equation separately:<br />
:<math>\frac{d N_i}{d t}=V\sum_r \gamma_{ri} w_r</math><br />
An auxiliary function <math>\theta(\lambda)</math> of one variable <math>\lambda\in [0,1]</math> is convenient for the representation of dissipation for the mass action law<br />
:<math>\theta(\lambda)=\sum_{r}\varphi_{r}\exp\left(\sum_i\frac{(\lambda \alpha_{ri}+(1-\lambda)\beta_{ri}))\mu_i}{RT}\right)</math><br />
This function <math>\theta(\lambda)</math> may be considered as the sum of the reaction rates for ''deformed'' input stoichiometric coefficients <math>\tilde{\alpha}_{\rho}(\lambda)=\lambda \alpha_{\rho}+(1-\lambda)\beta_{\rho}</math>. For <math>\lambda=1</math> it is just the sum of the reaction rates. The function <math>\theta(\lambda)</math> is convex because <math>\theta''(\lambda) \geq 0</math>. <br />
<br />
Direct calculation gives that according to the kinetic equations<br />
:<math> \frac{d F}{d t}=-VRT \left.\frac{d \theta(\lambda)}{d \lambda}\right|_{\lambda=1}</math><br />
This is ''the general dissipation formula for the generalized mass action law''.<ref name="GorbanShahzad2011" /><br />
<br />
Convexity of <math>\theta(\lambda)</math> gives the sufficient and necessary conditions for the proper dissipation inequality:<br />
:<math>\frac{d F}{d t}<0 \mbox{ if and only if } \theta(\lambda)< \theta(1) \mbox{ for some }\lambda <1; \;\;\; \frac{d F}{d t}\leq0 \mbox{ if and only if } \theta(\lambda)\leq \theta(1) \mbox{ for some }\lambda <1 </math><br />
<br />
The semi-detailed balance condition can be transformed into identity <math>\theta(0)\equiv \theta(1)</math>. Therefore, for the systems with semi-detailed balance <math>{d F}/{d t}\leq 0</math>.<ref name="HornJackson1972" /><br />
<br />
== Detailed balance for systems with irreversible reactions ==<br />
<br />
Detailed balance states that in equilibrium each elementary process is equilibrated by its reverse process and required reversibility of all elementary processes. For many real physico-chemical complex systems (e.g. homogeneous combustion, heterogeneous catalytic oxidation, most enzyme reactions etc), detailed mechanisms include both reversible and irreversible reactions. If one represents irreversible reactions as limits of reversible steps, then it become obvious that not all reaction mechanisms with irreversible reactions can be obtained as limits of systems or reversible reactions with detailed balance. For example, the irreversible cycle <math>A_1 \to A_2 \to A_3 \to A_1</math> cannot be obtained as such a limit but the reaction mechanism <math>A_1 \to A_2 \to A_3 \leftarrow A_1</math> can.<ref>Chu, Ch. (1971), Gas absorption accompanied by a system of first-order reactions, Chem. Eng. Sci. 26(3), 305-312.</ref><br />
<br />
''A system of reactions with some irreversible reactions is a limit of systems with detailed balance when some constants tend to zero if and only if (i) the reversible part of this system satisfies the principle of detailed balance and (ii) the [[convex hull]] of the stoichiometric vectors of the irreversible reactions has empty intersection with the [[linear span]] of the stoichiometric vectors of the reversible reactions.''<ref name=GorbanYablonsky2011/> Physically, the last condition means that the irreversible reactions cannot be included in oriented cyclic pathways.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[asymmetry]]<br />
* [[Atomic spectral line]] (deduction of the Einstein coefficients)<br />
* [[Balance equation]]<br />
* [[Dynamics of Markovian particles|DMP]]<br />
* [[Gibbs sampling]]<br />
* [[Master equation]]<br />
* [[Random_walk#Random_walk_on_graphs|Random walks on graphs]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Detailed Balance}}<br />
[[Category:Probability theory]]<br />
[[Category:Non-equilibrium thermodynamics]]<br />
[[Category:Statistical mechanics]]<br />
[[Category:Markov models]]<br />
[[Category:Chemical kinetics| ]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Detailed Balance]]<br />
[[ja:詳細釣り合い]]<br />
[[ru:Принцип детального равновесия]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dear_Agony&diff=371124946Dear Agony2010-07-01T01:44:38Z<p>Matty j: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox Album <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Albums --><br />
| Name = Dear Agony<br />
| Type = [[Album]]<br />
| Cover = Breakingbenjamindearagony.jpg<br />
| Artist = [[Breaking Benjamin]]<br />
| Released = September 29, 2009<br />
| Recorded = September 2008–March 2009<br />
| Genre = [[Alternative rock]], [[alternative metal]], [[hard rock]], [[post-grunge]]<br />
| Length = 41:52<br />
| Label = [[Hollywood Records|Hollywood]]<br />
| Producer = [[David Bendeth]], Dan Korneff<br />
| Reviews = *[[About.com]] {{rating|3|5}}<ref name=About.com>{{cite web |author=Tim Grierson |title=Breaking Benjamin - 'Dear Agony' Review|url=http://rock.about.com/od/reviews/fr/DearAgony.htm |publisher=[[about.com]] | accessdate=2009-12-08}}</ref><br />
*[[Allmusic]] {{rating|2.5|5}}<ref name=allmusic>{{cite web |last=Monger |first=James Christopher |title=Dear Agony > Overview |url=http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:0zftxz8ald0e |publisher=[[Allmusic]] |accessdate=2009-09-28}}</ref><br />
*[[Sputnikmusic]] {{rating|3|5}}<ref name=sputnik>{{cite web |author=Davey Boy |title=Breaking Benjamin - Dear Agony Review |url=http://sputnikmusic.com/album.php?reviewid=32625 |publisher=[[Sputnikmusic]] |date=September 27, 2009 |accessdate=2009-09-28}}</ref><br />
*[[Ultimate Guitar Archive|Ultimate Guitar]] (8.7/10) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/reviews/compact_discs/breaking_benjamin/dear_agony/index.html |title=Dear Agony Review &#124; Breaking Benjamin &#124; Compact Discs &#124; Reviews @ |publisher=Ultimate-guitar.com |date= |accessdate=2010-03-02}}</ref><br />
| Last album = ''[[Phobia (Breaking Benjamin album)|Phobia]]''<br />(2006)<br />
| This album = '''''Dear Agony''''' <br />(2009)<br />
| Next album =<br />
| Misc = {{Singles<br />
| Name = Dear Agony<br />
| Type = studio<br />
| single 1 = [[I Will Not Bow]]<br />
| single 1 date = August 11, 2009<br />
| single 2 = [[Give Me a Sign]]<br />
| single 2 date = January 5, 2010<br />
| single 3 = [[Lights Out (Breaking Benjamin song)|Lights Out]] <br />
| single 3 date = June 15, 2010<br />
}} }}<br />
<br />
'''''Dear Agony''''' is the fourth studio album by American [[rock music|rock]] band [[Breaking Benjamin]]. It was released on September 29, 2009. A [[Best Buy]] edition and a Japanese version of the album were also released, both of which feature bonus content.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B4%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC-%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%99%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3/dp/B002VNSXJ4/ref=sr_1_25?ie=UTF8&s=music&qid=1259028127&sr=8-25 |title=Amazon.co.jp： ディア・アゴニー: ブレイキング・ベンジャミン: 音楽 |publisher=Amazon.co.jp |date= |accessdate=2010-03-02}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Breaking Benjamin began writing for ''Dear Agony'' during 2008. The recording process began during September which later lead to its release one year later. The cover of the album is an [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] scan of frontman's [[Benjamin Burnley]]'s head.<ref>{{cite web |last=Choman |first=Alexander |title=Breaking Benjamin releases 4th album |url=http://www.republicanherald.com/news/breaking_benjamin_releases_4th_album |work=[[Republican & Herald]] |date=October 4, 2009 |accessdate=October 25, 2009}}</ref> Burnley has cited ''Dear Agony'' as the first album he has written [[sober]].<ref>Lello, Michael [http://www.theweekender.com/cover/BREAKING_THE_SILENCE_09-15-2009.html Breaking the Silence] ''The Weekender'' (September 15, 2009). Retrieved on 2-09-10. </ref> After the album's release it entered the Billboard 200 Chart at #4 selling roughly 134,000 copies in its first week, slightly more than ''[[Phobia (album)|Phobia]]''. It also topped the iTunes download charts in the first week of its release.<ref>[http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Hollywood-Records-Boasts-3-CD-prnews-1127789769.html?x=0&.v=1 ]{{Dead link|date=March 2010}}</ref> As of February 16, 2010, "Dear Agony" has been certified Gold by the RIAA.<ref>{{cite web|author=08:31 PM |url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |title=RIAA - Gold & Platinum - March 6, 2010 |publisher=RIAA |date= |accessdate=2010-06-02}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Promotion===<br />
On September 23, 2009, Breaking Benjamin released an online [[browser game]] constructed from [[Adobe Flash]] which is a [[parody]] of ''[[Altered Beast]]'', aptly titled "Altered Benjamin." The game contains three levels and plays the same as the original, except the player controls vocalist Benjamin Burnley and the three bosses are each other member of the band respectively. The game also features the debut of the songs "Fade Away" and "Crawl."<br />
<br />
Limited edition copies of ''Dear Agony'' purchased at [[Best Buy]] also include with a bonus DVD that fatures the band's six music videos, including a previously unreleased version of the video for "I Will Not Bow". The version on the DVD is of the band only and does not contain any footage from the feature-film ''[[Surrogates (film)|Surrogates]]'', unlike the main version released online.<br />
<br />
On September 29, 2009, "I Will Not Bow" was released as a downloadable track for the video games ''[[Rock Band]]'' and ''[[Rock Band 2]]''. On February 16, 2010, "[[Give Me a Sign]]", "[[Until the End (Breaking Benjamin song)|Until the End]]" and "[[Sooner or Later (Breaking Benjamin song)|Sooner or Later]]" were released as downloadable content for ''[[Guitar Hero 5]]''.<br />
<br />
==Singles==<br />
"[[I Will Not Bow]]" was released for sale on August 31 as the album's first single. It was released to the radio and the band's MySpace page on August 11, 2009 instead of the planned date, August 17, 2009 due to a leak by their hometown radio station, [[WBSX]]. This single is featured in the film ''[[Surrogates (film)|Surrogates]]'', with the music video containing scenes from the movie. On November 13, 2009, the official music video for "[[I Will Not Bow]]" was released on [[YouTube]]. This version, however, did not contain scenes from the movie ''[[Surrogates (film)|Surrogates]]''.<ref>{{cite web|author=13 november 2009 |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wyJIIP5a1Q |title=Breaking Benjamin - I Will Not Bow OFFICIAL |publisher=YouTube |date=2009-11-13 |accessdate=2010-03-02}}</ref><br />
<br />
"[[Give Me a Sign]]" was released as a radio single on January 5, 2010. <ref name="allaccess.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.allaccess.com/alternative/future-releases |title=Future Releases on Alternative Radio Stations, Independent Artist Song Releases &#124; |publisher=Allaccess.com |date= |accessdate=2010-03-02}}</ref> The music video was released on March 10, 2010 through the band's [[MySpace]] website and also on [[Vevo]].<br />
<br />
According to AOL Radio Blog and Rawkpit.com, "Lights Out" was announced as the third single and it went to radio on June 15, according to All Access.<ref>http://www.aolradioblog.com/2010/05/26/breaking-benjamin-lights-out/</ref> <ref>http://rawkpit.com/2010/05/26/breaking-benjamin-select-third-single-lights-out/</ref><br />
<br />
==Track listing==<br />
{{tracklist<br />
| writing_credits = yes<br />
|title1 =Fade Away<br />
|writer1 =[[Benjamin Burnley]]<br />
|length1 =3:16<br />
|title2 =[[I Will Not Bow]]<br />
|writer2 =Benjamin Burnley/Jasen Rauch<br />
|length2 =3:36<br />
|title3 =Crawl<br />
|writer3 =Benjamin Burnley<br />
|length3 =3:58<br />
|title4 =[[Give Me a Sign]]<br />
|writer4 =Benjamin Burnley<br />
|length4 =4:17<br />
|title5 =Hopeless<br />
|writer5 =Benjamin Burnley/Jasen Rauch<br />
|length5 =3:19<br />
|title6 =What Lies Beneath<br />
|writer6 =Benjamin Burnley<br />
|length6 =3:34<br />
|title7 =Anthem of the Angels<br />
|writer7 =Benjamin Burnley<br />
|length7 =4:02<br />
|title8 =[[Lights Out (Breaking Benjamin song)|Lights Out]]<br />
|writer8 =Benjamin Burnley/Jasen Rauch<br />
|length8 =3:33<br />
|title9 =Dear Agony<br />
|writer9 =Benjamin Burnley<br />
|length9 =4:18<br />
|title10 =Into the Nothing<br />
|writer10 =Benjamin Burnley<br />
|length10 =3:43<br />
|title11 =Without You<br />
|writer11 =Benjamin Burnley/Jasen Rauch<br />
|length11 =4:16<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{tracklist<br />
|headline = Japanese version bonus tracks<br />
|collapsed = yes<br />
| writing_credits = yes<br />
|title12 =Without You (Acoustic Version)<br />
|writer12 =Benjamin Burnley/Jasen Rauch<br />
|length12 =3:42<br />
|title13 =Give Me a Sign (Acoustic Version)<br />
|writer13 =Benjamin Burnley<br />
|length13 =4:16<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Personnel==<br />
;Breaking Bejamin<br />
*[[Benjamin Burnley]] - [[singing|vocals]], [[rhythm guitar]]<br />
*[[Aaron Fink]] - [[lead guitar]]<br />
*[[Mark Klepaski]] - [[bass guitar|bass]]<br />
*[[Chad Szeliga]] - [[drum kit|drums]]<br />
;Production<br />
*Produced by [[David Bendeth]], Dan Korneff<br />
<br />
==Chart positions==<br />
===Album===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Chart<br />
!Position<br />
|-<br />
|2009<br />
|The Billboard 200<br />
|4<br />
|-<br />
|2009<br />
|Top Rock Albums<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|2009<br />
|Top Digital Albums<br />
|2<br />
|-<br />
|2009<br />
|Top Alternative Albums<br />
|2<br />
|-<br />
|2009<br />
|Top Hard Rock Albums<br />
|1<br />
|-<br />
|2009<br />
|Top Canadian Albums<br />
|13<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Breaking Benjamin}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2009 albums]]<br />
[[Category:Breaking Benjamin albums]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Records albums]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Dear Agony]]<br />
[[it:Dear Agony]]<br />
[[pl:Dear Agony]]<br />
[[pt:Dear Agony]]<br />
[[ru:Dear Agony]]<br />
[[fi:Dear Agony]]<br />
[[sv:Dear Agony]]<br />
[[tr:Dear Agony]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dolus&diff=368712505Dolus2010-06-18T02:03:56Z<p>Matty j: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{unreferenced|date=June 2010}}<br />
<br />
In [[Greek mythology]], '''Dolos''' (sometimes pronounced "Dolus") is the spirit of trickery and guile. He is also a master at cunning deception, craftiness, and treachery. He is apprentice of the titan Prometheus, and Pseudologi. His female counterpart is [[Apate]] who is the goddess spirit of [[fraud]] and deception. He was parented by the titans Gaia and Ather (''Hyginus Preface'') or Erebos and Nyx ('' Cicero De Natura Deorum 3.17''). He became a master at his skill when he attempted to make a statue of Veritas again, in order to trick people into thinking they were seeing the real statue. But he ran out of clay, which he was using to create the statue, and had to leave the feat unfinished as he quaked in fear while his skill master over viewed his attempt at deceitfulness. But to his surprise, Prometheus was rather included and amazed at the similarity between the statues, then Dolos became the master at his crafty and tricky ways. There are even some stories of Dolos tricking gods into lies.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Greek mythology]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dolus&diff=368712354Dolus2010-06-18T02:02:57Z<p>Matty j: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{unreferenced|date=June 2010}}<br />
<br />
In [[Greek mythology]], '''Dolos''' (sometimes pronounced "Dolus") is the spirit of trickery and guile. He is also a master at cunning deception, craftiness, and treachery. He is apprentice of the titan Prometheus, and Pseudologi. His female counterpart is [[Apate]] who is the goddess spirit of [[fraud]] and deception. He was parented by the titans Gaia and Ather (''Hyginus Preface'') or Erebos and Nyx ('' Cicero De Natura Deorum 3.17''). He became a master at his skill when he attempted to make a statue of Veritas again, in order to trick people into thinking they were seeing the real statue. But he ran out of clay, which he was using to create the statue, and had to leave the feet unfinished as he quaked in fear while his skill master over viewed his attempt at deceitfulness. But to his surprise, Prometheus was rather included and amazed at the similarity between the statues, then Dolos became the master at his crafty and tricky ways. There are even some stories of Dolos tricking gods into lies.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Greek mythology]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infectious_mononucleosis&diff=314452618Infectious mononucleosis2009-09-17T00:55:39Z<p>Matty j: Undid revision 314433632 by 71.190.162.179 (talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Otheruses4|mononucleosis caused by [[Epstein-Barr virus]]|mononucleosis caused by cytomegalovirus|cytomegalovirus}}<br />
{{Infobox disease<br />
| Name = EBV infectious mononucleosis<br />
| Image =<br />
| Caption =<br />
| DiseasesDB = 4387<br />
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|27|0|b|25}}<br />
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|075}}<br />
| ICDO = <br />
| OMIM = <br />
| MedlinePlus = 000591<br />
| eMedicineSubj = emerg<br />
| eMedicineTopic = 319<br />
| eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|med|1499}} {{eMedicine2|ped|705}}<br />
| MeshID = D007244<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Infectious mononucleosis''' (also known as '''EBV infectious mononucleosis''' or '''Pfeiffer's disease''' and colloquially as '''kissing disease'''—from its oral distribution—or as '''mono''' in [[North America]] and as '''glandular fever''' in other English-speaking countries) is an infectious, very widespread [[viral disease]] caused by the [[Epstein-Barr virus]], which well over 90% of all adults are exposed to at some point in their life.<ref>http://www.kenyon.edu/x26163.xml</ref> Most people are exposed to the virus as children, when the disease produces no noticeable symptoms or only flu-like symptoms. In underdeveloped countries, people are exposed to the virus in early childhood more often than in developed countries, which is why the disease in its observable form is more common in developed countries, where it is most common among high school and college students.<ref>http://www.health.state.ny.us/diseases/communicable/mononucleosis/fact_sheet.htm</ref><br />
<br />
Especially in [[adolescent]]s and young adults, the disease is characterized by [[fever]], sore throat and [[fatigue (medical)|fatigue]], along with several other possible signs and symptoms. It is primarily diagnosed by observation of symptoms, but suspicion can be confirmed by several diagnostic tests.<br />
<br />
The syndrome was described as an infectious process by [[Emil Pfeiffer]] in 1889.<ref>{{WhoNamedIt|synd|1811}}</ref><ref>E. Pfeiffer: Drüsenfieber. Jahrbuch für Kinderheilkunde und physische Erziehung, Wien, 1889, 29: 257-264.</ref><br />
<br />
==Signs and symptoms==<br />
[[File:Main symptoms of Infectious mononucleosis.png|thumb|right|250px|Main symptoms of IM<ref>[http://www.medicinenet.com/infectious_mononucleosis/page2.htm#3whatare MedicineNet > infectious mononucleosis article] Retrieved on 7 Mars, 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/infectious-mononucleosis-symptoms WebMD > Infectious Mononucleosis] Last Updated: September 19, 2007. Retrieved on 7 Mars, 2009</ref><ref>[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/222040-overview (History section of) eMedicine Specialties > Infectious Diseases > Infectious Mononucleosis.] Author: Burke A Cunha, MD, Professor of Medicine</ref>]]<br />
<br />
Mononucleosis has a set of common symptoms that are usually presented in the individual with the disease. The classical symptoms are a sore throat, [[fever]], [[fatigue (medical)|fatigue]], [[anorexia (symptom)|weight loss]], [[malaise]], [[Human pharynx|pharyngeal]] inflammation and [[petechia]]e, and common signs include [[lymphadenopathy]] (enlarged [[lymph nodes]]), [[splenomegaly]] (enlarged [[spleen]]), [[hepatitis]] (refers to inflammatory cells in the liver) and [[hemolysis]] (the bursting of [[red blood cells]]). Older adults are less likely to have a sore throat or lymphadenopathy, but are instead more likely to present with [[hepatomegaly]] (enlargement of the liver) and [[jaundice]]. Rarer signs and symptoms include [[thrombocytopenia]] (lower levels of [[platelet]]s), with or without [[pancytopenia]] (lower levels of all types of blood cells), [[splenic rupture]], splenic hemorrhage, upper airway obstruction, [[pericarditis]] and [[pneumonitis]]. Another rare manifestation of mononucleosis is [[erythema multiforme]].<ref name="OHCM">{{cite book | last=Longmore | first=Murray | coauthors=Ian Wilkinson, Tom Turmezei, Chee Kay Cheung | title=Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine, 7th edition | publisher=Oxford University Press | date=2007 | pages=389 | isbn=0-19-856837-1 }}</ref><ref name="AFP">{{cite journal | author = Ebell MH | title = Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 70 | issue = 7 | pages = 1279–87 | year = 2004 | month = October | pmid = 15508538 | doi = | url = | issn = | accessdate = 2008-11-03}}</ref><br />
<br />
Mononucleosis is sometimes accompanied by secondary [[cold agglutinin disease]]—an [[autoimmune disease]] in which abnormal circulating antibodies directed against [[red blood cells]] can lead to a form of [[autoimmune hemolytic anemia]]. The cold agglutinin detected is of [[Ii antigen system|anti-i]] specificity.<ref name="Mayo_Textbook">{{cite book |author=Ghosh, Amit K.; Habermann, Thomas |title=Mayo Clinic Internal Medicine Concise Textbook |publisher=Informa Healthcare |location= |year=2007 |pages= |isbn=1-4200-6749-4 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> Patients with infectious mononucleosis are sometimes misdiagnosed with a streptococcal pharyngitis (because of the classical clinical triad of fever, [[pharyngitis]] and [[adenopathy]]) and are given antibiotics such as [[ampicillin]] or [[amoxicillin]] as treatment. Some studies indicate that approximately 80-90% of patients with acute [[Epstein Barr virus]] infection treated with such antibiotics develop a red, diffuse rash.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Kagan | first=B | title=Ampicillin rash |journal=Western Journal of Medicine |volume=126 |issue=4 |pages=333–335 |year=1977 |url = http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1237570}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Pathophysiology==<br />
Infectious mononucleosis occurs with infection by the [[Epstein-Barr virus]].<ref>{{DorlandsDict|five/000067375|infectious mononucleosis}}</ref> A similar condition can be caused by [[cytomegalovirus]]. Because of this, some sources say that infectious mononucleosis is "usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus".<ref>{{MeshName|Infectious+Mononucleosis}}</ref> Other sources reserve a different term, "cytomegalovirus mononucleosis," for [[mononucleosis]] caused by cytomegalovirus.<ref>{{DorlandsDict|nine/000954828|cytomegalovirus mononucleosis}}</ref><br />
<br />
The infection is spread via [[saliva]] and has an [[incubation period]] of 4-7 weeks.<ref name="pmid8710247">{{cite journal |author=Cozad J |title=Infectious mononucleosis |journal=The Nurse Practitioner |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=14–6, 23, 27–8 |year=1996 |month=March |pmid=8710247 |doi= |url= |issn= |accessdate=2009-05-27}}</ref><br />
<br />
The virus replicates first within [[epithelial cell]]s in the [[pharynx]] (which causes sore throat), and later primarily within [[B cells]] (which are invaded via their [[CD21]]). The host immune response involves cytotoxic (CD8-positive) T cells against infected B lymphocytes, resulting in enlarged atypical lymphocytes (Downey cells).<ref name="eMedicine">{{eMedicine|ped|705}}</ref><ref>[http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/Website/lectures/lecture/mono.htm Infectious mononucleosis].</ref><br />
<br />
When the infection is acute (recent onset, instead of [[chronic]]), [[heterophile]] [[antibodies]] are produced.<ref name=AFP/><!-- I've hidden this text added by an unregistered user until we find a suitable reference to back it up:<br />
<br />
Sequence of events:<br />
<br />
Cytotoxic(CD8) T-lymphocytes respond against B-cells and form atypical lymphocytes (Downey cells), which have enlarged lymphocytes that have abundant cytoplasm that is condensed peripherally ("ballerina skirt"appearance); they are similar in appearance to monocytes hence the term "mononucleosis".<br />
<br />
--><br />
<br />
==Diagnosis==<br />
[[Image:Infectious Mononucleosis.jpg|right|thumb|Peripheral blood smear (low power) showing [[lymphocytosis]] from a 16-year-old male with [[pharyngitis]]]]<br />
The most commonly used diagnostic criterion is the presence of 50% lymphocytes with at least 10% atypical lymphocytes (large, irregular [[nucleus|nuclei]]),<ref name=OHCM/> while the person also has fever, pharyngitis and adenopathy. Furthermore, it should be confirmed by a serological test.<ref name=AFP/> The atypical lymphocytes resembles monocytes when they where first discovered, thus the moniker "mononucleosis" was coined. Diagnostic tests are used to confirm infectious mononucleosis but the disease should be suspected from symptoms prior to the results from [[hematology]].<ref name="Hoagland">{{cite journal | author = Hoagland RJ | title = Infectious mononucleosis | journal = Primary care | volume = 2 | issue = 2 | pages = 295–307 | year = 1975 | month = June | pmid = 1046252 | doi = | url = | issn = | accessdate = 2008-11-03}}</ref> These criteria are specific; however, they are not particularly [[sensitivity and specificity|sensitive]] and are more useful for research than for clinical use. Only half the patients presenting with the symptoms held by mononucleosis and a positive heterophile antibody test ([[Monospot test|monospot test)]] meet the entire criteria. One key procedure is to differentiate between infectious mononucleosis and mononucleosis-like symptoms.<br />
<br />
There have been few studies on infectious mononucleosis in a primary care environment; the best of which studied 700 patients of which 15 were found to have mononucleosis upon a heterophile antibody test. More useful in a diagnostic sense are the signs and symptoms themselves. The presence of [[splenomegaly]], posterior cervical adenopathy, [[axillary]] adenopathy, and [[inguinal]] adenopathy are the most useful to suspect a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis. On the other hand, the absence of cervical adenopathy and fatigue are the most useful to dismiss the idea of infectious mononucleosis as the correct diagnosis. The insensitivity of the physical examination in detecting [[splenomegaly]] means that it should not be used as evidence against infectious mononucleosis.<ref name=AFP/><br />
<br />
In the past the most common test for diagnosing infectious mononucleosis was the heterophile antibody test which involves testing heterophile antibodies by agglutination of guinea pig, sheep and horse red blood cells. As with the aforementioned criteria, this test is specific but not particularly [[sensitivity and specificity|sensitive]] (with a [[false-negative]] rate of as high as 25% in the first week, 5-10% in the second and 5% in the third).<ref name=AFP/> 90% of patients have heterophile antibodies by week 3, disappearing in under a year. The [[antibody|antibodies]] involved in the test do not interact with the Epstein-Barr virus or any of its [[antigen]]s.<ref name=OHCM/> More recently, tests that are more sensitive have been developed such as the [[Immunoglobulin G]] (IgG) and [[Immunoglobulin M]] (IgM) tests. IgG, when positive, reflects a past infection, whereas IgM reflects a current infection. When negative, these tests are more accurate in ruling out infectious mononucleosis. However, when positive, they feature similar sensitivities to the heterophile antibody test. Therefore, these tests are useful for diagnosing infectious mononucleosis in people with highly suggestive symptoms and a negative heterophile antibody test. Another test searches for the [[Epstein-Barr virus#Virology|Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen]], while it is not normally recognizable until several weeks into the disease, and is useful for distinguishing between a recent-onset of infectious mononucleosis and symptoms caused by a previous infection. Elevated hepatic [[transaminase]] levels is highly suggestive of infectious mononucleosis, occuring in up to 50% of patients.<ref name=AFP/><br />
<br />
===Differential diagnosis===<br />
Diagnosis of acute infectious mononucleosis should also take into consideration [[acute cytomegalovirus infection]] and [[Toxoplasma gondii]] infections. These diseases are clinically very similar by their signs and symptoms. Because their management is much the same it is not always helpful, or possible, to distinguish between EBV mononucleosis and cytomegalovirus infection. However, in pregnant women, differentiation of mononucleosis from toxoplasmosis is associated with significant consequences for the [[fetus]].<br />
<br />
Acute [[HIV infection]] can mimic signs similar to those of infectious mononucleosis and tests should be performed for pregnant women for the same reason as toxoplasmosis.<ref name=AFP/><br />
<br />
Other conditions from which to distinguish infectious mononucleosis include [[leukemia]], [[diphtheria]], [[common cold]] and [[influenza]] (the flu).<ref name=OHCM/><br />
<br />
==Treatment==<br />
Infectious mononucleosis is generally [[self-limiting (biology)|self-limiting]] and only symptomatic and/or supportive treatments are used.<ref name="Merck18">{{cite book |editors=Beers MH, Porter RS, Jones TV, Kaplan JL, Berkwits M, editors. |title=The Merck manual of diagnosis and therapy |edition=18th ed. |publisher=Merck Research Laboratories |location=Whitehouse Station (NJ) |year=2006 |isbn=0-911910-18-2 |author=Mark H. Beers ...}}</ref> Rest is recommended during the acute phase of the infection, but activity should be resumed once acute symptoms have resolved. Nevertheless heavy physical activity and contact sports should be avoided to mitigate the risk of [[splenic rupture]], for at least one month following initial infection and until [[splenomegaly]] has resolved, as determined by [[Medical ultrasonography|ultrasound scan]].<ref name="Merck18"/><br />
<br />
In terms of pharmacotherapies, [[paracetamol|acetaminophen/paracetamol]] or [[non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug]]s (NSAIDs) may be used to reduce fever and pain. [[Prednisone]], a [[corticosteroid]], is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory to reduce symptoms of [[pharyngeal]] pain, [[odynophagia]], or enlarged [[tonsils]], although its use remains controversial.<ref>National Center for Emergency Medicine Informatics - Mononucleosis http://www.ncemi.org/cse/cse0314.htm</ref> Intravenous [[corticosteroid]]s, usually [[hydrocortisone]] or [[dexamethasone]], are not recommended for routine use<ref>{{cite journal | author=Candy B, Hotopf M. | year=2006 | issue=4 | pages=CD004402 | journal=Cochrane Database Sys Rev | title=Steroids for symptom control in infectious mononucleosis | pmid=16856045 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004402.pub2 }}</ref> but may be useful if there is a risk of airway obstruction, severe [[thrombocytopenia]], or [[hemolytic anemia]].<ref name="TGAntibiotic13">Antibiotic Expert Group. Therapeutic guidelines: Antibiotic. 13th ed. North Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines; 2006.</ref><ref name="WebMD">{{cite web |title=Infectious Mononucleosis |url=http://www.webmd.com/hw/infection/hw168622.asp |date= January 24, 2006 |publisher=WebMD |accessdate=2006-07-10}}</ref> There is little evidence to support the use of [[aciclovir]], although it may reduce initial viral shedding.<ref name="Torre1999">{{cite journal |author=Torre D, Tambini R |title=Acyclovir for treatment of infectious mononucleosis: a meta-analysis |journal=Scand. J. Infect. Dis. |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=543–7 |year=1999 |pmid=10680982 |doi=10.1080/00365549950164409}}</ref> However, the antiviral drug [[valacyclovir]] has recently been shown to lower or eliminate the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus in subjects afflicted with acute mononucleosis, leading to a significant decrease in the severity of symptoms. <ref name="pmid17369082">{{cite journal |author=Balfour HH, Hokanson KM, Schacherer RM, ''et al.'' |title=A virologic pilot study of valacyclovir in infectious mononucleosis |journal=J. Clin. Virol. |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=16–21 |year=2007 |pmid=17369082 |doi=10.1016/j.jcv.2007.02.002}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Simon et al. |title=The Effect of Valacyclovir and Prednisolone in Reducing Symptoms of EBV Illness In Children: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study |journal=International Pediatrics |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=164–169 |year=2003 |month=March}}</ref> [[Antibiotic]]s are not used as they are ineffective against viral infections. The antibiotics [[ampicillin]] and later the related [[amoxicillin]]<ref name="pmid4266345">{{cite journal |author=Mulroy R |title=Amoxycillin rash in infectious mononucleosis |journal=Br Med J |volume=1 |issue=5852 |pages=554 |year=1973 |month=March |pmid=4266345 |pmc=1588712 |doi= |url=}}</ref> are relatively contraindicated in the case of any coinciding bacterial infections during mononucleosis because their use precipitates a non-allergic rash close to 99% of the time.<ref name="pmid9743319">{{cite journal |author=van der Linden PD, van der Lei J, Vlug AE, Stricker BH |title=Skin reactions to antibacterial agents in general practice |journal=J Clin Epidemiol |volume=51 |issue=8 |pages=703–8 |year=1998 |month=August |pmid=9743319 |doi= |url= |quote=infectious mononucleosis increased the risk of rash in amoxicillin users with a factor of 58.}}<br/>Yet another reported risk is given in:<br/>* {{cite journal |author=Wargo KA, McConnell V, Jennings M |title=Amoxicillin/telithromycin-induced rash in infectious mononucleosis |journal=Ann Pharmacother |volume=39 |issue=9 |pages=1577 |year=2005 |month=September |pmid=16046485 |doi=10.1345/aph.1G140 |url= |quote=Approximately 70-100% of patients who receive a ß-lactam antibiotic while infected with the Epstein-Barr virus will develop a maculopapular rash}}</ref> In a small percentage of cases, mononucleosis infection is complicated by co-infection with [[streptococcus|streptococcal]] infection in the throat and tonsils (strep throat). [[Penicillin]] or other antibiotics (with the exception of the two mentioned above) should be administered to treat the strep throat. [[Opioid]] analgesics are also relatively contraindicated due to risk of [[respiratory depression]].<ref name="TGAntibiotic13" /><br />
<br />
==Prognosis==<br />
Uncommon and potentially fatal complications occur in 5% of cases:<ref>{{cite journal | author = Aghenta A | coauthors = Osowo A, Thomas J | year = 2008 | month = May | title = Symptomatic atrial fibrillation with infectious mononucleosis | journal = Canadian Family Physician | volume = 54 | issue = 5 | pages = 695–696 | publisher = College of Family Physicians of Canada | pmc = 2377232}}</ref><br />
* CNS: [[Meningitis]], [[encephalitis]], [[hemiplegia]], and [[transverse myelitis]]. EBV infection has also been proposed as a risk factor for the development of [[multiple sclerosis]] (MS),<ref>{{cite journal | author = Ascherio A, Munger KL | title = Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part I: the role of infection | journal = Ann. Neurol. | volume = 61 | issue = 4 | pages = 288–99 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17444504 | doi = 10.1002/ana.21117}}</ref> but this has not been confirmed.<br />
* Hematologic: EBV can cause [[autoimmune hemolytic anemia]] (direct [[Coombs test]] is positive) and various [[cytopenia]]s.<br />
* [[Fulminant]] disease course (immunocompromised patients)<br />
* Severe [[Palatine tonsil#Tonsillar hypertrophy|tonsillar hypertrophy]] and upper airway obstruction<br />
* [[Splenic rupture]]<br />
* Neurologic involvement ''e.g.'' [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]]<br />
* [[Myocarditis]] and [[pericarditis]]<br />
* Bleeding (caused by [[thrombocytopenia]])<ref name="Mayo_Textbook"/><br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.infectiousmononucleosis.org Infectious mononucleosis symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and general information]<br />
<br />
{{Viral diseases}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Viral diseases]]<br />
<br />
[[ar:كثرة الوحيدات العدوائية]]<br />
[[ca:Mononucleosi infecciosa]]<br />
[[cs:Infekční mononukleóza]]<br />
[[da:Mononukleose]]<br />
[[de:Pfeiffer-Drüsenfieber]]<br />
[[el:Λοιμώδης μονοπυρήνωση]]<br />
[[es:Mononucleosis infecciosa]]<br />
[[eo:Mononukleozo]]<br />
[[eu:Mononukleosi infekzioso]]<br />
[[fr:Mononucléose infectieuse]]<br />
[[hr:Mononukleoza]]<br />
[[id:Demam kelenjar]]<br />
[[it:Mononucleosi infettiva]]<br />
[[he:מונונוקלאוזיס זיהומי]]<br />
[[lt:Infekcinė mononukleozė]]<br />
[[hu:Mononucleosis infectiosa]]<br />
[[mk:Мононуклеоза]]<br />
[[nl:Klierkoorts]]<br />
[[ja:伝染性単核球症]]<br />
[[no:Mononukleose]]<br />
[[pl:Mononukleoza zakaźna]]<br />
[[pt:Mononucleose infecciosa]]<br />
[[ru:Инфекционный мононуклеоз]]<br />
[[sr:Мононуклеоза]]<br />
[[fi:Mononukleoosi]]<br />
[[sv:Körtelfeber]]<br />
[[uk:Інфекційний мононуклеоз]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toad_the_Wet_Sprocket&diff=255299488Toad the Wet Sprocket2008-12-01T22:53:48Z<p>Matty j: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox musical artist<br />
| Name = Toad the Wet Sprocket<br />
| Img =|240px<br />
| Img_capt = From top left, clockwise: Glen Philips, Dean Dinning, Randy Guss and Todd Nichols <br />
| Background = group_or_band<br />
| Origin = [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]], [[California]], [[United States|USA]]<br />
| Genre = [[Alternative rock]]<br/>[[rock music|Rock]]<br/>[[Folk rock]]<br />
| Years_active = 1986&ndash;1999, with periodic performing 2002, 2006-present<br />
| Label = [[Columbia Records]]<br />
| URL = [http://www.toadthewetsprocket.com/ ToadTheWetSprocket.com]<br />
| Current_members = [[Glen Phillips]]<br/>Dean Dinning<br/>Randy Guss<br/>Todd Nichols<br />
| Past_members = <br />
}}<br />
'''Toad the Wet Sprocket''' is an [[United States|American]] [[folk rock]] band formed in 1986. The band consists of [[singer]] [[Glen Phillips]], [[guitar]]ist Todd Nichols, [[bass guitar|bassist]] Dean Dinning, and [[drummer]] Randy Guss.<br />
<br />
==Early career==<br />
Toad the Wet Sprocket was formed in 1986 at [[San Marcos High School, Santa Barbara, California|San Marcos High School]] just outside of [[Santa Barbara, California]], when singer/songwriter [[Glen Phillips]] was only 14 and a freshman; the other members were 17 and juniors. The band drew its name from the [[Eric Idle]] monologue "Rock Notes" on [[Monty Python]]'s ''[[Monty Python's Contractual Obligation Album|Contractual Obligation Album]]'' from 1980, although the name is featured in a parody of ''[[The Old Grey Whistle Test]]'' on [[Rutland Weekend Television]] in 1975. The band's first public appearance was at an open-mic talent contest in September 1986. The band lost the competition.<br />
<br />
Toad the Wet Sprocket's first album came out in 1989. ''[[Bread & Circus]]'' was self-financed through their label, Abe Records. The album spawned the singles "Way Away" and "One Little Girl," which made the ''[[Billboard magazine|Billboard]]'' [[Modern Rock Tracks chart]], but did not receive much attention.<br />
<br />
The follow-up to ''Bread & Circus'', ''[[Pale (album)|Pale]]'', was released in 1990 and saw their sound mature. During the recording of the album, Toad signed to [[Columbia Records]] while declining the opportunity to re-record ''Pale'', but negotiating to have Columbia Records reissue ''[[Bread & Circus]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toadthewetsprocket.com/|title=Official TTWS Website}} See the Biography section.</ref> Featuring the singles "Jam" and the Modern Rock Chart hit "Come Back Down," the album was still not a success; but the singles received heavy airplay on college radio stations and the band's first music video (for "One Little Girl") was directed by [[Mark Miremont]] and aired on MTV's [[120 Minutes]].<br />
<br />
==Commercial breakthrough==<br />
The band finally achieved fame with their third album, ''[[Fear (Toad the Wet Sprocket album)|Fear]]''. The album was released in 1991, and saw the singles, "[[All I Want (Toad the Wet Sprocket song)|All I Want]]" and "[[Walk on the Ocean]]" reaching the top twenty of the [[Billboard Hot 100]]. The album became the band's first [[RIAA certification|RIAA-certified]] [[platinum album]].<br />
<br />
In 1992, the cult classic ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (film)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'' featured the song "Little Heaven" and was included in the movie soundtrack.<br />
<br />
In 1993, the [[Mike Myers (actor)|Mike Myers]] feature film ''[[So I Married an Axe Murderer]]'' included the song "Brother" on its soundtrack. "Brother" later appeared on the ''In Light Syrup'' compilation album, as well as on the 2004 release of the live album ''Welcome Home: Live at the Arlington Theatre, Santa Barbara 1992''.<br />
<br />
In 1994, after years of heavy touring, the band released their follow-up to ''Fear'', ''[[Dulcinea (album)|Dulcinea]]''. This album spawned the hit singles "[[Fall Down]]," which reached #1 on the US Modern Rock charts, as well as #5 on the Mainstream Rock chart, and "Something's Always Wrong," which also charted. Like ''Fear'', this album was certified platinum by the [[RIAA]].<br />
<br />
A compilation album of [[b-side]]s and rarities, ''[[In Light Syrup (album)|In Light Syrup]]'', was released in 1995; it included the singles "Good Intentions," which was featured on the soundtrack for the television show ''[[Friends]]'', as well as the aforementioned "Brother." The compilation was certified as a [[gold album]] in 2001.<br />
<br />
The release of ''[[Coil (album)|Coil]]'' in 1997 acted as the proper follow up to 1994's ''Dulcinea''. Featuring a more electric, rock sound, it featured the Modern Rock and Mainstream Rock hit "Come Down," as well as the singles "Crazy Life" (previously featured on the soundtrack for the film 'Empire Records') and "Whatever I Fear," which did not chart. The album, despite the success of "Come Down" as a single, failed to reach any sales benchmarks. This failure is often attributed to the label doing a poor job of promoting the album.{{fact|date=May 2008}}<br />
<br />
Toad the Wet Sprocket formally broke up in July 1998, citing creative differences.{{fact|date=May 2008}}<br />
<br />
==Toad since the breakup==<br />
<br />
Toad the Wet Sprocket, though officially broken up since 1998, has worked together off and on over the years. They performed on several occasions in 1999, although only short sets. Also in 1999, they recorded two studio tracks for a compilation release, ''P.S. A Toad Retrospective'', including one of the first songs they wrote together as a band, "P.S.". <br />
<br />
The band temporarily reunited in late 2002, playing a benefit for the Rape Crisis Center in Santa Barbara, and opening a few shows for [[Counting Crows]]. The group then played a few months of full-length shows in early 2003. Although seemingly successful, at the end of the tour the band decided to continue on their separate paths and careers.<br />
<br />
In 2004, Toad released an album of a live show that was put to tape in 1992. This album, ''Welcome Home: Live at The Arlington Theatre, Santa Barbara 1992'', showcased the height of their popularity during the tour for ''Fear''.<br />
<br />
In the summer of 2006, the band reunited for a 34-date nationwide tour of the United States.<br />
<br />
During the summer of 2007 they played several shows with lead singer Glen Phillips serving as their opening act.<br />
<br />
On January 16, 2008, the band reunited once again to play two shows - one in St. Petersburg Florida then the next night at the House of Blues Orlando prior to joining The Rock Boat VIII.<br />
<br />
On January 25, 2008, the band played a set at the Ann Arbor Folk Festival in Ann Arbor, MI and has a handful of dates already scheduled for summer 2008.<br />
<br />
On June 11 & 12, 2008, they played in Philadelphia and New Jersey at the Trocadero and Starland Ballroom respectively.<br />
<br />
On June 14, 2008, they played at the 27th Annual Alexandria Red Cross Waterfront Festival. <ref>[http://www.waterfrontfestival.org/index.html 27th Annual Alexandria Red Cross Waterfront Festival]. ''American Red Cross, Alexandria Chapter''.</ref><br />
<br />
On June 15, 2008, the band performed at The Norva in Norfolk, VA. One of the show's highlights was the band performing Glen Phillip's solo hit "Everything But You."<br />
<br />
===Glen Phillips' solo career===<br />
<br />
Immediately after the July breakup in 1998, Glen Phillips began his own solo career. He has toured almost constantly up to the present time, usually just him and his guitar, but often with regular guest musicians. He has a close friendship with the members of [[Nickel Creek]], and they often perform together; they recorded a studio album called ''[[Mutual Admiration Society (album)|Mutual Admiration Society]]'' in 2000, released in 2004. In addition to that collaboration, Glen has released three solo studio albums, ''[[Abulum]]'' (2000), ''[[Winter Pays For Summer]]'' (2005) and ''[[Mr. Lemons]]'' (2006), along with a live album, ''Live At Largo'' (2003). <br />
<br />
Also, in spring 2006, Glen released a studio EP titled ''Unlucky 7'', featuring outtakes from his "Winter Pays For Summer" studio sessions (and one track, "The Innocent", from his scrapped 2002 "Tornillo" album). In February 2008, Glen released another EP entitled "Secrets of the New Explorers" consisting of six songs inspired by private space travel. In March 2008, Glen and a Works Progress Administration, which includes Sean and Sara Watkins of Nickel Creek finished mixing a new album to be released in early 2008. Also on tap for this prolific songwriter is an album with Garrison Starr and Nielson Hubbard to be released under the band name Plover. Glen is also mixing another EP to be released in 2009 before starting work on his next full length record for a 2010 release<br />
<br />
===Lapdog===<br />
<br />
Todd, Dean and Randy have also continued in music. In the late 1990s, Todd and Dean formed a new band called [[Lapdog (band)|Lapdog]]. They recorded and released the studio album ''Near Tonight'' (2001), and toured minimally. After this, Dean quit the band to split his time between recording and producing local music and pursuing his acting career, and Randy joined Lapdog as their drummer. Again Lapdog recorded and released an album, called ''Mayfly'' (2002). Since then Lapdog has kept a fairly low profile, though they still occasionally perform publicly.<br />
<br />
==Discography==<br />
Toad the Wet Sprocket released five studio albums, two live [[Extended play|EP's]], a rarities compilation, a posthumous live album and a hits compilation for [[Columbia Records]]. The band was also featured on a number of soundtracks and uncatalogued singles and tapes.<br />
<br />
===Studio albums===<br />
{| border="2" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"<br />
| '''Cover'''<br />
| '''Title'''<br />
| '''Released'''<br />
| '''Label'''<br />
| '''Notes'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Image:Bread & Circus cover.jpg|75px]]<br />
|'''''[[Bread & Circus]]'''''<br />
|July 1989<br />
|[[Columbia Records]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Image:Toad the Wet Sprocket Pale.jpg|75px]]<br />
|'''''[[Pale (album)|Pale]]'''''<br />
|January 1990<br />
|[[Columbia Records]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Image:Toad the Wet Sprocket Fear.jpg|75px]]<br />
|'''''[[Fear (Toad the Wet Sprocket album)|Fear]]'''''<br />
|[[August 27]], [[1991]]<br />
|[[Columbia Records]]<br />
|US #49<br/>1,000,000 (Platinum)<br />
|-<br />
|[[Image:DulcineaAlbum.jpg|75px]]<br />
|'''''[[Dulcinea (album)|Dulcinea]]'''''<br />
|[[May 24]], [[1994]]<br />
|[[Columbia Records]]<br />
|US #34<br/>1,000,000 (Platinum)<br />
|-<br />
|[[Image:Toad the Wet Sprocket-Coil.jpg|75px]]<br />
|'''''[[Coil (album)|Coil]]'''''<br />
|[[May 20]], [[1997]]<br />
|[[Columbia Records]]<br />
|US #19<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Compilation albums===<br />
{| border="2" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"<br />
| '''Cover'''<br />
| '''Title'''<br />
| '''Released'''<br />
| '''Label'''<br />
| '''Notes'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Image:Toad.JPG|75px]]<br />
|'''''[[In Light Syrup (album)|In Light Syrup]] '''''<br />
|[[October 31]], [[1995]]<br />
|[[Columbia Records]]<br />
|US# 37<br/>500,000 (Gold)<br />
|-<br />
|[[Image:ToadPS.jpg|75px]]<br />
|'''''[[P.S. (A Toad Retrospective)]]'''''<br />
|[[October 26]], [[1999]]<br />
|[[Columbia Records]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Live album===<br />
{| border="2" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"<br />
| '''Cover'''<br />
| '''Title'''<br />
| '''Released'''<br />
| '''Label'''<br />
| '''Notes'''<br />
|-<br />
|[[Image:ToadArlington.jpg|75px]]<br />
|'''''[[Welcome Home: Live at the Arlington Theatre, Santa Barbara 1992|Welcome Home: Live at the Arlington<br/>Theatre, Santa Barbara 1992]]'''''<br />
|[[October 19]], [[2004]]<br />
|[[Columbia Records]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===EPs===<br />
{| border="2" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"<br />
| '''Title'''<br />
| '''Released'''<br />
| '''Label'''<br />
| '''Notes'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''''[[Five Live (Toad the Wet Sprocket album)|Five Live]] '''''<br />
|1992<br />
|[[Columbia Records]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|'''''[[Acoustic Dance Party]] '''''<br />
|1994<br />
|[[Columbia Records]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Video compilation===<br />
{| border="2" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"<br />
| '''Cover'''<br />
| '''Title'''<br />
| '''Released'''<br />
| '''Label'''<br />
| '''Notes'''<br />
|-<br />
|<!-- Image with inadequate rationale removed: [[Image:Sevensongsseldomseen.jpg|75px]] --><br />
|'''''[[Seven Songs Seldom Seen]] '''''<br />
|1992<br />
|Sony Music Video Entertainment<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Singles information===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!rowspan="2"| Year<br />
!rowspan="2"| Title<br />
!colspan="3"| Chart positions<br />
!rowspan="2"| Album<br />
|-<br />
!<sup>US [[Billboard Hot 100|Hot 100]]</sup><br />
!<sup>US [[Modern Rock Tracks chart|Modern Rock]]</sup><br />
!<sup>US [[Mainstream Rock Tracks chart|Mainstream Rock]]</sup><br />
|- <br />
| 1989<br />
| "[[One Little Girl]]"<br />
| -<br />
| #24<br />
| -<br />
|align="left" rowspan="1"|''Bread & Circus''<br />
|- <br />
| 1990<br />
| "[[Come Back Down]]"<br />
| -<br />
| #27<br />
| -<br />
|align="left" rowspan="2"|''Pale''<br />
|- <br />
| 1990<br />
| "Jam"<br />
| -<br />
| -<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
| 1992<br />
| "Is It For Me"<br />
| -<br />
| -<br />
| -<br />
|align="left" rowspan="5"|''Fear''<br />
|- <br />
| 1992<br />
| "[[All I Want (Toad the Wet Sprocket song)|All I Want]]"<br />
| #15<br />
| #22<br />
| #22<br />
|- <br />
| 1992<br />
| "Hold Her Down"<br />
| -<br />
| -<br />
| -<br />
|- <br />
| 1992<br />
| "[[Walk on the Ocean]]"<br />
| #18<br />
| -<br />
| #14<br />
|- <br />
| 1993<br />
| "I Will Not Take These Things for Granted"<br />
| -<br />
| -<br />
| -<br />
|- <br />
| 1994<br />
| "[[Fall Down]]"<br />
| #33<br />
| #1<br />
| #5<br />
|align="left" rowspan="4"|''Dulcinea''<br />
|- <br />
| 1994<br />
| "[[Something's Always Wrong]]"<br />
| #41<br />
| #9<br />
| #22<br />
|- <br />
| 1995<br />
| "Fly From Heaven"<br />
| -<br />
| -<br />
| -<br />
|- <br />
| 1995<br />
| "Stupid"<br />
| -<br />
| -<br />
| -<br />
|-<br />
| 1995<br />
| "[[Good Intentions]]"<br />
| -<br />
| #20<br />
| #19<br />
|align="left" rowspan="1"|''In Light Syrup''<br />
|- <br />
| 1997<br />
| "[[Come Down (song)|Come Down]]"<br />
| -<br />
| #13<br />
| #17<br />
|align="left" rowspan="3"|''Coil''<br />
|- <br />
| 1997<br />
| "Whatever I Fear"<br />
| -<br />
| -<br />
| -<br />
|- <br />
| 1997<br />
| "Crazy Life"<br />
| -<br />
| -<br />
| -<br />
|- <br />
| 1999<br />
| "P.S."<br />
| -<br />
| -<br />
| -<br />
|align="left" rowspan="1"|''P.S. (A Toad Retrospective)''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Miscellaneous==<br />
{{Trivia|date=April 2008}}<br />
* They have been mentioned in the liner notes of [[Frogstomp]].<br />
* Toad the Wet Sprocket's songs have been used in the soundtracks of over a dozen movies and episodes of television series.<ref name=IMDB>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1813684/ IMDb: Toad the Wet Sprocket]</ref><br />
* "All I Want" was the theme song for the NBC show ''[[The Round Table (TV series)|The Round Table]]'', which was cancelled after less than ten episodes.<br />
* "Fall Down" was used in the [[My So-Called Life]] episode "Other People's Mothers". It also features in the 1994 film Drop Zone.<br />
* [[Emery (band)|Emery]] covered "All I Want" for the punk rock cover compilation ''[[Punk Goes '90s]]''.<br />
* Toad the Wet Sprocket has three cover songs on compilation albums: [[John Lennon|John Lennon's]] "[[Instant Karma!]]," featured in the album ''[[Working Class Hero: A Tribute to John Lennon]]''; [[The Beatles|The Beatles']] "[[Hey Bulldog]]" featured in the ''[[I Know What You Did Last Summer]]'' Soundtrack; and [[Kiss (band)|Kiss's]] "[[Rock and Roll All Nite]]" featured in the album ''[[Kiss My Ass: Classic Kiss Regrooved]]''.<br />
* A band of the same name <ref name=nwobhm.info>Toad the Wet Sprocket - [http://nwobhm.info/nwobhm/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=276&Itemid=42 nwobhm.info:]</ref> was part of the [[New Wave of British Heavy Metal]] scene in the late 1970s.<br />
* In an episode of [[Pinky and the Brain]], Brain forms a band called Frog the Dry Widget.<br />
* In the [[Futurama]] episode "Futurestock", Leela says, "This toads the wet sprocket!"<br />
* The benefit album MOM (Music for our Mother Ocean), vol. II[http://www.amazon.com/dp/samples/B000001Y4D] includes the track Acid.<br />
* [[Courteney Cox]] appeared in the 1995 music video for "Good Intentions". It also appeared on the "[[Friends (TV series)|Friends]]" soundtrack.<br />
* Season 6 of the TV show [[Scrubs (TV series)|Scrubs]] featured [[Glen Phillips]] “Courage”<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.myspace.com/toadthewetsprocket Official Myspace site. Best site for current information.]<br />
* [http://www.toadthewetsprocket.com/ ToadTheWetSprocket.com; official site; major update, May 2006]<br />
* [http://www.comebackdownload.com/ ComeBackDownload.com; fan site; updated sporadically; complete lyrics listing]<br />
* [http://www.glenphillips.com/ GlenPhillips.com; Official Glen Phillips site (Toad's frontman)]<br />
* [http://www.lapdogmusic.com/ LapdogMusic.com; Official Lapdog site (Toad's lead guitarist and drummer)]<br />
* {{Internet Archive music|id=ToadTheWetSprocket}}<br />
* [http://www.savedbyzero.org/how_toad_the_wet_sprocket_got_their_name/ How Toad Got Their Name w/sound clip]<br />
* [http://euroglen.blogspot.com/ Almost a Year Abroad] -- Glen Phillips travels Europe for 'almost a year' with his complete nuclear family. He writes of his family's travels here. (Reference from [http://doc.weblogs.com/2006/09/02#leadFollowOrComeToAGig Doc Searls])<br />
<br />
[[Category:American rock music groups]]<br />
[[Category:American folk musical groups]]<br />
[[Category:American alternative rock music groups]]<br />
[[Category:California musical groups]]<br />
[[Category:1990s music groups]]<br />
[[Category:Live Music Archive artists]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Toad the Wet Sprocket]]<br />
[[es:Toad The Wet Sprocket]]<br />
[[eo:Toad The Wet Sprocket]]<br />
[[pl:Toad the Wet Sprocket]]<br />
[[simple:Toad the Wet Sprocket]]<br />
[[sv:Toad the Wet Sprocket]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nitric_oxide&diff=249433030Nitric oxide2008-11-03T16:52:28Z<p>Matty j: /* Reactions */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Chembox new<br />
| Name = Nitric oxide<br />
| ImageFile = Nitric-oxide-2D.png<br />
| ImageSize = 150px<br />
| ImageName = Nitric oxide<br />
| ImageFile1 = Nitric-oxide-3D-vdW.png<br />
| ImageSize1 = 150px<br />
| ImageName1 = Nitric oxide<br />
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers<br />
| CASNo = 10102-43-9<br />
}}<br />
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties<br />
| Formula = NO<br />
| MolarMass = 30.0061<br />
| Appearance = colourless gas<br />
| Density = 1.3 × 10<sup>3</sup> kg m<sup>−3</sup> (liquid)<br /><br />
1.34 g dm<sup>−3</sup> (vapour)<br />
| MeltingPt = −163.6°C (109.6 K) (-262.48°F)<br />
| BoilingPt = −151.7°C (121.4 K) (-241.06°F)<br />
}}<br />
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards<br />
| EUClass = Toxic ('''T'''), corrosive ('''C''')<br />
| NFPA-H = 3 | Flammability=0<br />
| NFPA-F =<br />
| NFPA-R = 2 | Other=OX<br />
| RPhrases = {{R23}}, {{R24}}, {{R25}}, {{R34}}, {{R44}}<br />
| SPhrases = {{S23}}, {{S36}}, {{S37}}, {{S39}}<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Nitric oxide''' or '''nitrogen monoxide''' is a [[chemical compound]] with [[chemical formula]] [[Nitrogen|N]][[Oxygen|O]]. This [[gas]] is an important [[signaling molecule]] in the body of [[mammal]]s, including [[human]]s, and is an extremely important intermediate in the [[chemical industry]]. It is also a [[toxic]] [[air pollutant]] produced by cigarette smoke [[automobile]] [[engine]]s and [[power plant]]s.<br />
<br />
NO is an important messenger molecule involved in many physiological and pathological processes within the mammalian body both beneficial and detrimental.<ref>Hou Y.C., Janczuk A. and Wang P.G. (1999): Current trends in the development of nitric oxide donors. Curr. Pharm. Des. June, 5 (6): 417- 471</ref> Appropriate levels of NO production are important in protecting an organ such as the liver from ischemic damage. However sustained levels of NO production result in direct tissue toxicity and contribute to the vascular collapse associated with septic shock, whereas chronic expression of NO is associated with various carcinomas and inflammatory conditions including juvenile diabetes, multiple sclerosis, arthritis and ulcerative colitis. <ref>Tylor B.S., Kion Y.M., Wang Q.I., Sharpio R.A., Billiar T.R. and Geller D.A. (1997): Nitric oxide down regulates hepatocyte-inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression. Arch. Surg. 1, (32). Nov.; 1177-1182.</ref> <br />
<br />
Nitric oxide should not be confused with [[nitrous oxide]] (N<sub>2</sub>O), a [[general anaesthetic]] and [[greenhouse gas]], or with [[nitrogen dioxide]] (NO<sub>2</sub>) which is another poisonous [[air pollutant]]. The nitric oxide molecule is a [[free radical]], which is relevant to understanding its high reactivity. It reacts with the [[ozone]] in air to form [[nitrogen dioxide]], signalled by the appearance of the reddish-brown color.<br />
<br />
Despite being a startlingly simple molecule, NO is a fundamental player in the fields of [[neuroscience]], [[physiology]], and [[immunology]], and was proclaimed “[[Molecule of the Year]]” in 1992<ref name="undefined">{{cite journal<br />
| author = Elizabeth Culotta and Daniel E. Koshland Jr<br />
| year = 1992<br />
| month = December<br />
| title = NO news is good news. (nitric oxide; includes information about other significant advances & discoveries of 1992) (Molecule of the Year)<br />
| journal = Science<br />
| volume = 258<br />
| issue = 5090<br />
| pages = 1862–1864<br />
| doi = 10.1126/science.1361684<br />
| pmid = 1361684<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Production environmental effects ==<br />
<br />
From a thermodynamic perspective, NO is unstable with respect to O<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>, although this conversion is very slow at ambient temperatures in the absence of a [[catalyst]]. Because the heat of formation of NO is [[endothermic]], its synthesis from molecular nitrogen and oxygen requires elevated temperatures, >1000°C. A major natural source is [[lightning]]. The use of [[internal combustion engine]]s has drastically increased the presence of nitric oxide in the environment. One purpose of [[catalytic converter]]s in cars is to minimize NO emission by catalytic reversion to O<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>.<br />
<br />
Nitric oxide in the air may convert to [[nitric acid]], which has been implicated in [[acid rain]]. Furthermore, both NO and NO<sub>2</sub> participate in [[ozone layer depletion]]. Nitric oxide is a small highly diffusible gas and a ubiquitous bioactive molecule.<br />
<br />
== Mechanism of action ==<br />
<br />
There are several mechanisms by which NO has been demonstrated to affect the biology of living cells. These include oxidation of iron containing proteins such as ribonucleotide reductase and aconitase, activation of the soluble [[guanylate cyclase]], ADP ribosylation of proteins, protein sulphhydryl group [[nitrosylation]], and iron regulatory factor activation. <ref>Shami P.J., Moore J.O., Cockerman J.P., Halhorn W.J., Misukonis M.A., and Weinberg J.B. (1995): Nitric oxide modulation of the growth and differentiation of freshly isolated acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia cells. Leukaemia Research; 19(8): 527 - 534.</ref> NO has been demonstrated to activate [[NF-κB]] in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, an important transcription factor in iNOS gene expression in response to inflammation. <ref>Kaibori M., Sakitani K., Oda M., Kamiyama Y., Masu Y. and Okumura T.(1999). Immunosuppressant FK56 inhibits iNOS gene expression at a step of NF-Kappa B activation in rat hepatocytes. J. Hepatol. Jan; 30 (6): 1138-1145.</ref>. It was found that NO acts through the stimulation of the soluble guanylate cyclase which is a heterodimeric enzyme with subsequent formation of cyclic GMP. Cyclic GMP activates protein kinases and leads ultimately to the dephosphorylation of the myosin light chain. <ref>Denninger J.W. and Marletta M.A. (1999): Guanylate cyclase and the No/cGMP singling pathway. Biochem. Biophys. Acta, May; 1411 (2-3): 334-356.</ref><br />
<br />
== Technical applications ==<br />
<br />
Although NO has relatively few direct uses, it is produced on a massive scale as an intermediate in the [[Ostwald process]] for the synthesis of [[nitric acid]] from [[ammonia]]. In 2005, the US alone produced 6M metric tons of nitric acid.<ref>“Production: Growth is the Norm” Chemical and Engineering News, July 1 0, 2006, p. 59.</ref> It finds use in the [[semiconductor]] industry for various processes. In one of its applications it is used along with [[nitrous oxide]] to form oxynitride gates in [[CMOS]] devices.<br />
<br />
=== Miscellaneous applications ===<br />
<br />
Nitric oxide can be used for detecting surface radicals on polymers. Quenching of surface [[Radical (chemistry)|radical]]s with nitric oxide results in incorporation of nitrogen, which can be quantified by means of [[X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy]].<br />
<br />
== Biological functions ==<br />
{{main|Endothelium-derived relaxing factor}}<br />
<br />
NO is one of the few gaseous signaling molecules known. It is a key [[vertebrate]] [[signal transduction|biological messenger]], playing a role in a variety of biological processes. Nitric oxide, known as the '[[endothelium-derived relaxing factor]]', or 'EDRF', is biosynthesised endogenously from [[arginine]] and [[oxygen]] by various [[nitric oxide synthase]] (NOS) [[enzyme]]s and by reduction of inorganic nitrate. The [[endothelium]] (inner lining) of [[blood vessel]]s use nitric oxide to signal the surrounding [[smooth muscle]] to relax, thus resulting in [[vasodilation]] and increasing blood flow. Nitric oxide is highly reactive (having a lifetime of a few seconds), yet diffuses freely across membranes. These attributes make nitric oxide ideal for a transient [[paracrine]] (between adjacent cells) and [[autocrine]] (within a single cell) signaling molecule.<ref name="stryer">{{cite book | last = Stryer| first = Lubert| title = Biochemistry, 4th Edition| publisher = W.H. Freeman and Company | date = 1995| pages = pp. 732| isbn = 0-7167-2009-4 }}</ref><br />
The production of nitric oxide is elevated in populations living at high-altitudes, which helps these people avoid [[Hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]] by aiding in pulmonary vasculature [[vasodilation]]. Effects include vasodilatation, [[neurotransmitter|neurotransmission]] (see [[Gasotransmitters]]), modulation of the [[hair|hair cycle]], production of reactive nitrogen intermediates and [[erection|penile erections]] (through its ability to vasodilate). [[Glyceryl trinitrate (pharmacology)|Nitroglycerin]] and [[amyl nitrite]] serve as vasodilators because they are converted to nitric oxide in the body. Sildenafil, popularly known by the trade name [[Sildenafil|Viagra]], stimulates erections primarily by enhancing signaling through the nitric oxide pathway in the penis.<br />
<br />
Nitric oxide (NO) contributes to vessel homeostasis by inhibiting vascular smooth muscle contraction and growth, platelet aggregation, and leukocyte adhesion to<br />
the endothelium. In humans, a high-salt intake was demonstrated to attenuate NO production. <ref>http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=ShowPDF&ProduktNr=223997&Ausgabe=228460&ArtikelNr=63555</ref><br />
<br />
Nitric oxide is also generated by phagocytes ([[monocyte]]s, [[macrophage]]s, and [[neutrophil]]s) as part of the human [[immune response]]. Phagocytes are armed with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) which is activated by [[interferon-gamma]] (IFN-γ) as a single signal or by [[tumor necrosis factor]] (TNF) along with a second signal. <ref>Gorczyniski and Stanely, Clinical Immunology. Landes Bioscience; Austin, TX. ISBN: 1570596255</ref> Conversely, [[transforming growth factor-beta]] (TGF-β) provides a strong inhibitory signal to iNOS whereas [[interleukin]]-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 provide weak inhibitory signals. In this way the immune system may regulate the armamentarium of phagocytes that play a role in inflammation and immune responses. Nitric oxide is toxic to [[bacteria]] and other human [[pathogens]]. In response, however, many bacterial pathogens have evolved mechanisms for nitric oxide resistance.<ref>{{cite book |author=C. A. Janeway, et al. |title=Immunobiology: the immune system in health and disease |publisher=Garland Science |location=New York |year=2005 |edition=6th ed. |isbn=0-8153-4101-6 |oclc= |doi=<br />
}}</ref> Because nitric oxide might serve as an ''inflammometer'' in conditions like [[asthma]], there has been increasing interest in the use of [[exhaled nitric oxide]] as a [[breath test]] in diseases with [[airway]] inflammation.<br />
<br />
Nitric oxide can contribute to [[reperfusion injury]] when an excessive amount produced during reperfusion (following a period of [[ischemia]]) reacts with [[superoxide]] to produce the damaging oxidant [[peroxynitrite]]. In contrast, inhaled nitric oxide has been shown to help survival and recovery from [[paraquat]] poisoning, which produces lung tissue damaging superoxide and hinders NOS metabolism.<br />
<br />
In plants, nitric oxide can be produced by any of four routes: (i)L-arginine-dependent nitric oxide synthase <ref>{{cite journal |author=Corpas et al.|title=Cellular and subcellular localization of endogenous nitric oxide in young and senescent pea plants|journal=Plant Physiology|volume=136 |issue=1 |pages=2722–33 |year=2004|doi=10.1104/pp.104.042812|pmid=15347796}}</ref>,<br />
<ref>{{cite journal |author=Corpas et al.|title=Constitutive arginine-dependent nitric oxide synthase activity in different organs of pea seedlings during plant development|journal=Planta|volume=224|issue=2 |pages=246–54|year=2006|doi=10.1007/s00425-005-0205-9}}</ref>,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Valderrama et al.|title=Nitrosative stress in plants|journal=FEBS Lett|volume=581|issue=3 |pages=453–61|year=2007|doi=10.1016/j.febslet.2007.01.006}}</ref>,(although the existence animal NOS homologs in plants is debated)<ref>{{cite journal |author=Corpas et al.|title=Enzymatic sources of nitric oxide in plant cells – beyond one protein–one function|journal=New Phytologist|volume=162|issue= |pages=246–7|year=2004|doi=10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01058.x}}</ref>,(ii) by plasma membrane-bound [[nitrate reductase]], (iii) by mitochondrial electron transport chain, or (iv) by non-enzymatic reactions. It is a signaling molecule, acts mainly against oxidative stress and also plays a role in plant pathogen interactions. Treating cut flowers and other plants with nitric oxide has been shown to lengthen the time before wilting.<ref>Judy Siegel-Itzkovich. [http://www.studentbmj.com/issues/99/09/news/313.php Viagra makes flowers stand up straight]. ''[[Student BMJ]]'', September 1999.</ref><br />
<br />
A biologically important reaction of nitric oxide is S-[[nitrosylation]], the conversion of [[thiol]] groups, including [[cysteine]] residues in proteins, to form S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs). S-[[Nitrosylation]] is a mechanism for dynamic, post-translational regulation of most or all major classes of protein.<br />
<br />
== Use in Pediatric Intensive Care ==<br />
Nitric Oxide/Oxygen blends are used in critical care to promote capillary and pulmonary dilation to treat Primary Pulmonary Hypertension in neonatal patients<ref>{{cite journal |author=Finer NN, Barrington KJ |title=Nitric oxide for respiratory failure in infants born at or near term |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume= |issue=4 |pages=CD000399 |year=2006 |pmid=17054129 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000399.pub2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Chotigeat U, Khorana M, Kanjanapattanakul W |title=Inhaled nitric oxide in newborns with severe hypoxic respiratory failure |journal=J Med Assoc Thai |volume=90 |issue=2 |pages=266–71 |year=2007 |month=February |pmid=17375630 }}</ref> post meconium aspiration and related to birth defect. These are often a last-resort gas mixture before the use of [[ECMO]]. NO therapy has the potential to significantly increase the quality of life and in some cases save the lives of infants at risk for pulmonary vascular disease. <ref>Hayward C.S., Kelly R.P. and Macdonald P.S. (1999): Inhaled nitric oxide in cardiology practice. Cadio. Vasc. Res. Aug.; 15, 43 (3): 628 - 638.</ref><br />
<br />
== Reactions ==<br />
<br />
*When exposed to [[oxygen]], NO is converted into [[nitrogen dioxide]].<br />
: 2NO + O<sub>2</sub> → 2NO<sub>2</sub><br />
:This conversion has been speculated as occurring via the ONOONO intermediate. In water, NO reacts with oxygen and water to form HNO<sub>2</sub> or [[nitrous acid]]. The reaction is thought to proceed via the following stoichiometry:<br />
: 4 NO + O<sub>2</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O → 4 HNO<sub>2</sub><br />
<br />
* NO will react with [[fluorine]], [[chlorine]], and [[bromine]] to form the XNO species, known as the nitrosyl halides, such as [[nitrosyl chloride]]. Nitrosyl iodide can form but is an extremely short lived species and tends to reform I<sub>2</sub>.<br />
: 2NO + Cl<sub>2</sub> → 2NOCl<br />
*[[Nitroxyl]] (HNO) is the reduced form of nitric oxide.<br />
<br />
*Nitric oxide reacts with [[acetone]] and an [[alkoxide]] to a ''diazeniumdiolate'' or ''nitrosohydroxylamine'' and [[Methyl acetate]] <ref>''Ueber Synthesen stickstoffhaltiger Verbindungen mit Hülfe des Stickoxyds'' [[Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie]] Volume 300, Issue 1, Date: '''1898''', Pages: 81-128 [[Wilhelm Traube]] {{DOI|10.1002/jlac.18983000108}}</ref>:<br />
:[[Image:TraubeReaction.svg|400px|Traube reaction]]<br />
<br />
:This is a very old reaction (1898) but of interest today in NO [[prodrug]] research. Nitric oxide can also react directly with sodium methoxide, forming [[sodium formate]] and [[nitrous oxide]] <ref>''Nitric Oxide Reacts with Methoxide'' Frank DeRosa, Larry K. Keefer, and Joseph A. Hrabie [[J. Org. Chem.]] '''2008''', 73, 1139-1142 {{DOI|10.1021/jo7020423}}</ref>.<br />
<br />
=== Preparation ===<br />
<br />
* As stated above, nitric oxide is produced industrially by the direct reaction of O<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> at high temperatures. In the laboratory, it is conveniently generated by reduction of nitric acid:<br />
<br />
: 8[[Nitric acid|HNO<sub>3</sub>]] + 3[[Copper|Cu]] → 3Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> + 4H<sub>2</sub>O + 2NO<br />
<br />
* or by the reduction of nitrous acid:<br />
<br />
: 2 [[Sodium nitrite|NaNO<sub>2</sub>]] + 2 NaI + 2 H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> → I<sub>2</sub> + 4 [[Sodium bisulfate|NaHSO<sub>4</sub>]] + 2 NO<br />
: 2 NaNO<sub>2</sub> + 2 FeSO<sub>4</sub> + 3 H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> → Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> + 2 NaHSO<sub>4</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O + 2 NO<br />
: 3 KNO<sub>2</sub>(l) + [[Potassium nitrate|KNO<sub>3</sub>]] (l) + Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(s) → 2 K<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub>(s) + 4 NO (g)<br />
:The iron(II) sulfate route is simple and has been used in undergraduate laboratory experiments.<br />
<br />
* Commercially, NO is produced by the oxidation of ammonia at 750°C to 900°C (normally at 850°C) in the presence of platinum as catalyst:<br />
<br />
: 4NH<sub>3</sub> + 5O<sub>2</sub> → 4NO + 6H<sub>2</sub>O<br />
<br />
:The uncatalyzed [[endothermic]] reaction of [[Oxygen|O<sub>2</sub>]] and [[Nitrogen|N<sub>2</sub>]] which is performed at high temperature (>2000°C) with lightning has not been developed into a practical commercial synthesis:<br />
<br />
: N<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → 2NO<br />
<br />
== Coordination Chemistry ==<br />
{{main|metal nitrosyl}}<br />
NO forms complexes with all [[transition metal]]s to give complexes called [[metal nitrosyl]]s. The most common bonding mode of NO is the terminal linear type (M-NO). The angle of the M-N-O group can vary from 160-180° but are still termed as "linear". In this case the NO group is formally considered a 3-electron donor. In the case of a bent M-N-O conformation the NO group can be considered a one electron donor.<ref>Catherine E. Housecroft and Alan G. Sharpe: "Inorganic Chemistry", page 570. Pearson Education Limited 2001, 2005</ref>. Alternatively, one can view such complexes as derived from NO<sup>+</sup>, which is isoelectronic with CO.<br />
<br />
Nitric oxide can serve as a one-electron pseudohalide. In such complexes, the M-N-O group is characterized by an angle between 120-140°.<br />
<br />
The NO group can also bridge between metal centers through the nitrogen atom in a variety of geometries.<br />
<br />
== Measurement of nitric oxide concentration ==<br />
<br />
The concentration of nitric oxide can be determined using a simple [[chemiluminescence|chemiluminescent reaction]] involving [[ozone]]:<ref>Fontijn, A., A. J. Sabadell and R. J. Ronco (1970). "Homogeneous chemiluminescent measurement of nitric oxide with ozone." Analytical Chemistry 42(6): 575-579.</ref> A sample containing nitric oxide is mixed with a large quantity of ozone. The nitric oxide reacts with the ozone to produce [[oxygen]] and [[nitrogen dioxide]]. This reaction also produces [[light]] (chemiluminescence), which can be measured with a [[photodetector]]. The amount of light produced is proportional to the amount of nitric oxide in the sample.<br />
<br />
: NO + O<sub>3</sub> → NO<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> + light<br />
<br />
Other methods of testing include [[electrochemistry|electroanalysis]](amperometric approach), where NO reacts with an electrode to induce a current or voltage change. The detection of NO radicals in biological tissues is particularly difficult due to the short lifetime and concentration of these radicals in tissues. One of the few practical methods is [[spin trapping]] of nitric oxide with iron-[[dithiocarbamate]] complexes and subsequent detection of the mono-nitrosyl-iron complex with [[Electron Paramagnetic Resonance]] (EPR).<ref>Vanin A. F.; Huisman A.; van Faassen E.E.; Methods in Enzymology vol 359 (2002) 27 - 42</ref><ref> Nagano T.; Yoshimura T.; "Bioimaging of nitric oxide", Chemical Reviews vol 102 (2002) 1235 - 1269.</ref><br />
<br />
A group of [[fluorescent dye]] indicators exist that are also available in [[acetyl]]ated form for intracellular measurements. The most common compound is [[4,5-diaminofluorescein]] (DAF-2).<ref name="undefined">{{cite journal<br />
| author = Kojima H, Nakatsubo N, Kikuchi K, Kawahara S, Kirino Y, Nagoshi H, Hirata Y, Nagano T<br />
| year = 1998<br />
| month =<br />
| title = Detection and imaging of nitric oxide with novel fluorescent indicators: diaminofluoresceins<br />
| journal = Anal. Chem.<br />
| volume = 70<br />
| issue = 13<br />
| pages = 2446–2453| pmid = 9666719<br />
| url =<br />
<br />
| doi = 10.1021/ac9801723<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Supplements==<br />
Nitric oxide has become a supplement for [[bodybuilder]]s. <br />
[[GNC]] sells an oral "nitric oxide" product targeted for bodybuilders, which is claimed to dramatically increase muscle growth, but there is no conclusive evidence of this. The claim is grounded in an understanding of NO as being a vasodilator, and when taken prior to and after workouts, it enables muscles to receive more blood and therefore, more oxygen and nutrients. This is critical to maximal muscle exertion during training and recovery afterward.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
Nitrix Oxide Targets mostly for a person to be more "vainer"<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
<br />
* Butler A. and Nicholson R.; " Life, death and NO." Cambridge 2003. ISBN-13: 978-0-85404-686-7.<br />
* Corpas FJ et al “Constitutive arginine-dependent nitric oxide synthase activity in different organs of pea seedlings during plant development” Planta 2006 224(2):246-54. <br />
* Corpas FJ, del Río LA, Barroso JB. "Need of biomarkers of nitrosative stress in plants" Trends Plant Sci. 2007 12(10):436-8.<br />
* van Faassen, E. E.; Vanin, A. F. (eds); " Radicals for life: The various forms of Nitric Oxide." Elsevier, Amsterdam 2007. ISBN-13: 978-0-444-52236-8.<br />
* F.A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, C.A. Murillo, M. Bochmann; ''Advanced Inorganic Chemistry'', 6th ed. Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1999.<br />
* K.J. Gupta , M. Stoimenova, and W. M. Kaiser "In higher plants, only root mitochondria, but not leaf mitochondria reduce nitrite to NO, ''in vitro'' and in situ" Journal of Experimental Botany 2005 56(420):2601-2609.<br />
* E.Planchet, K.J. Gupta, M .Sonada & W.M.Kaiser (2005) "Nitric oxide emission from tobacco leaves and cell suspensions: rate limiting factors and evidence for the involvement of mitochondrial electron transport"The Plant Journal 41 (5), 732-743.<br />
* Stöhr, C.; Stremlau, S. "Formation and possible roles of nitric oxide in plant roots" Journal of Experimental Botany 2006 57(3):463-470.<br />
* Pacher, P.; Beckman, J. S.; Liaudet, L.; “Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite: in Health and disease” Physiological Reviews 2007, volume 87(1), page 315-424. PMID 17237348.<br />
* Valderrama et al. "Nitrosative stress in plants" FEBS Lett. 2007 581(3):453-61.<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.npi.gov.au/database/substance-info/profiles/67.html National Pollutant Inventory - Oxides of nitrogen Fact Sheet]<br />
* [http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1998/index.html 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine for discovery of NO's role in cardiovascular regulation]<br />
* [http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/annodyne/burkeseries.php Nitric Oxide and its Role in Diabetes, Wound Healing and Peripheral Neuropathy]<br />
* [http://mattson.creighton.edu/NOx/index.html Microscale Gas Chemistry: Experiments with Nitrogen Oxides]<br />
* [http://www.livescience.com/humanbiology/060817_brain_boot.html Your Brain Boots Up Like a Computer] - new insights about the biological role of nitric oxide.<br />
* [http://www.podiatrytoday.com/article/5164 Assessing The Potential of Nitric Oxide in the Diabetic Foot]<br />
* [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071121213845.htm New Discoveries About Nitric Oxide Can Provide Drugs For Schizophrenia]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Oxides]]<br />
[[Category:Nitrogen compounds]]<br />
[[Category:Neurotransmitters]]<br />
[[Category:Nitrogen metabolism]]<br />
<br />
[[ar:أحادي أكسيد نيتروجين]]<br />
[[cs:Oxid dusnatý]]<br />
[[da:Nitrogenmonoxid]]<br />
[[de:Stickstoffmonoxid]]<br />
[[es:Óxido de nitrógeno (II)]]<br />
[[fr:Monoxyde d'azote]]<br />
[[ko:일산화 질소]]<br />
[[it:Monossido di azoto]]<br />
[[he:חנקן חמצני]]<br />
[[hu:Nitrogén-monoxid]]<br />
[[nl:Stikstofmonoxide]]<br />
[[ja:一酸化窒素]]<br />
[[no:Nitrogenmonoksid]]<br />
[[pl:Tlenek azotu(II)]]<br />
[[pt:Óxido nítrico]]<br />
[[ro:Monoxid de azot]]<br />
[[ru:Оксид азота(II)]]<br />
[[sk:Oxid dusnatý]]<br />
[[sr:Азот-моноксид]]<br />
[[fi:Typpioksidi]]<br />
[[sv:Kväveoxid]]<br />
[[tr:Nitrik oksit]]<br />
[[zh-yue:一氧化氮]]<br />
[[zh:一氧化氮]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lyle_Overbay&diff=225694654Lyle Overbay2008-07-14T23:04:40Z<p>Matty j: /* 2006–present: Toronto Blue Jays */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox MLB player|<br />
name=Lyle Overbay|<br />
image=Lyle Overbay at the Plate.jpg|<br />
position=First Base|<br />
team=Toronto Blue Jays|<br />
number=17|<br />
bats=Left|<br />
throws=Left|<br />
weight=235lbs|<br />
height=6'2|<br />
birthdate={{birth date and age|1977|1|28}}<br>{{city-state|Centralia|Washington}}|<br />
debutdate=September 19|<br />
debutyear=2001|<br />
debutteam=Arizona Diamondbacks|<br />
statyear=May 18, 2008|<br />
stat1label=[[Batting average]]|<br />
stat1value=.283|<br />
stat2label=[[Home run]]s| <br />
stat2value=73|<br />
stat3label=[[RBIs]]|<br />
stat3value=338|<br />
teams=<nowiki></nowiki><br />
*[[Arizona Diamondbacks]] ({{by|2001}}–{{by|2003}})<br />
*[[Milwaukee Brewers]] ({{by|2004}}–{{by|2005}})<br />
*[[Toronto Blue Jays]] ({{by|2006}}–present)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lyle Stefan Overbay''' (born [[January 28]], [[1977]] in [[Centralia, Washington]]) is a [[Major League Baseball]] [[first baseman]] who currently plays for the [[Toronto Blue Jays]]. He previously played baseball for the [[University of Nevada, Reno]].<br />
<br />
== Minor League Career ==<br />
<br />
Overbay was selected by the [[Arizona Diamondbacks]] in the {{by|1999}} MLB draft. While playing in the farm system, he was named Diamondbacks minor league player of the year. He was briefly called up in {{by|2001}}, but played mostly in AA and AAA until {{by|2003}}.<ref>[http://mlb.mlb.com/team/player_career.jsp?player_id=407489&y=2001 The Official Site of The Toronto Blue Jays: Team: Player Information : Biography and Career Highlights<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://mlb.mlb.com/team/player_career.jsp?player_id=407489&y=2002 The Official Site of The Toronto Blue Jays: Team: Player Information : Biography and Career Highlights<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />
<br />
== 2003: Arizona Diamondbacks ==<br />
<br />
Overbay first played with the Diamondbacks as the full-time first baseman in 2003. He struggled, batting .276 with 28 RBI and 4 home runs. He was sent down to AAA Tucson in June, but was called up in September to be part of the 40-man roster expansion. He was traded to the [[Milwaukee Brewers]] during the off-season.<ref>[http://mlb.mlb.com/team/player_career.jsp?player_id=407489&y=2003 The Official Site of The Toronto Blue Jays: Team: Player Information : Biography and Career Highlights<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />
<br />
== 2004–2005: Milwaukee Brewers ==<br />
<br />
Overbay was selected by the Arizona Diamondbacks in the 18th round of the 1999 amateur draft and was acquired by the Brewers in the trade on [[December 1]], 2003 that sent [[Richie Sexson]] and [[Shane Nance]] to Arizona for Overbay, [[Craig Counsell]], [[Junior Spivey]], [[Chris Capuano]], [[Chad Moeller]], and [[Jorge de la Rosa]].<br />
<br />
Overbay was one of the more popular Brewers during his short stint with the team. Fans would give a prolonged "Oooooooooooooo!" cheer during his at-bats. Toronto fans do not necessarily use the O chant. Instead, they have been known to create large and brightly-coloured "O"'s &ndash; also seen during his time in Milwaukee &ndash; and hold them up during his at-bats. Overbay was also recognized for his time with the Brewers via a [[bobblehead doll]] in his likeness, given away during the {{by|2005}} season.<br />
<br />
In 2005, he also played well with the Brewers. He had a career high 19 home runs, surpassing his {{by|2004}} total of 16. On [[July 23]], he had a career high 6 RBI versus [[Cincinnati Reds|Cincinnati]], hitting two home runs, including a grand slam. This feat was also the most in a season by a Brewer. He played very well against the Reds, batting .431 with 6 home runs and 18 RBI. He was traded to the Blue Jays in the off-season.<ref>[http://mlb.mlb.com/team/player_career.jsp?player_id=407489&y=2005 The Official Site of The Toronto Blue Jays: Team: Player Information : Biography and Career Highlights<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />
<br />
== 2006–present: Toronto Blue Jays ==<br />
<br />
On [[December 7]], 2005, Overbay was traded from the [[Milwaukee Brewers]] along with pitching prospect [[Ty Taubenheim]] to Toronto in exchange for outfielder [[Gabe Gross]] and pitchers [[Dave Bush]] and [[Zach Jackson]].<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/story/sports/national/2005/12/08/Sports/bluejays-brewers051207.html Blue Jays trade for Lyle Overbay<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Although, the trade was celebrated as a needed acquisition for the Blue Jays, Overbay has not had the statistical impact hoped for and the emergence of Dave Bush has made this trade at best a wash statistically.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}<br />
<br />
On [[July 5]], {{by|2006}}, Overbay was named American League Player of the Week<ref>[http://toronto.bluejays.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/news/article.jsp?ymd=20060705&content_id=1540893&vkey=news_tor&fext=.jsp&c_id=tor The Official Site of The Toronto Blue Jays: News: Toronto Blue Jays News<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> after hitting .423 and hitting 4 HR during the week of [[June 26]] to [[July 2]], 2006. During the 2006 he put up career highs in most major categories, such as [[batting average]], [[home run]]s, and [[runs batted in]].<br />
<br />
In 2006, he had a career season. He batted .312 with 92 RBI and 181 hits, which were all career highs. He had 46 doubles, which was tenth among the major leagues.<ref>[http://mlb.mlb.com/team/player_career.jsp?player_id=407489&y=2006 The Official Site of The Toronto Blue Jays: Team: Player Information : Biography and Career Highlights<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />
On [[June 4]], [[2007]], Lyle Overbay, was hit by a pitch in the 6th inning in a game against the [[Chicago White Sox]]. The pitch was a high and inside fastball that ran in and hit Lyle in the hand, breaking 3 bones in his hand. He was on the Disabled List until July 13th, 2007, after which he rejoined the Blue Jays after the All-Star break. Since his return, he has struggled at the plate, especially with hitting for power.<br />
<br />
On [[January 15]], {{by|2007}}, the Toronto Blue Jays signed Overbay to a 4-year contract, buying out his final two arbitration-eligible years, and his first two years of [[free agent|free agency]], with a $24,000,000 contract.<ref>[http://toronto.bluejays.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/news/press_releases/press_release.jsp?ymd=20070115&content_id=1779244&vkey=pr_tor&fext=.jsp&c_id=tor The Official Site of The Toronto Blue Jays: Official Info: Press Release<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />
Overbay set a new team record on [[May 25]], [[2008]] by reaching base in his 12th consecutive plate appearance by walking on a full count in the second inning. The previous record holder was Tony Fernandez who reached base 11 straight times. Recently he has been criticized by fans for his penchant to ground into double plays. As of [[July 14]], [[2008]] he led the league in the category.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of Major League Baseball doubles champions]]<br />
* [[Arizona Diamondbacks all-time roster]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{baseballstats |mlb=407489 |espn=4598 |br=o/overbly01 |fangraphs= |cube=}}<br />
*[http://www.forecaster.ca/cbc/baseball/player.cgi?1662 Lyle Overbay - bio]<br />
{{Toronto Blue Jays roster navbox}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Overbay, Lyle}}<br />
[[Category:1977 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Centralia, Washington]]<br />
[[Category:Toronto Blue Jays players]]<br />
[[Category:Arizona Diamondbacks players]]<br />
[[Category:Milwaukee Brewers players]]<br />
[[Category:Major league players from Washington]]<br />
[[Category:All-Star Futures Game players]]<br />
[[Category:Major league first basemen]]<br />
<br />
[[ja:ライル・オーバーベイ]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyperbolic_equilibrium_point&diff=212362432Hyperbolic equilibrium point2008-05-14T14:59:10Z<p>Matty j: /* Example */</p>
<hr />
<div>In [[mathematics]], especially in the study of [[dynamical system]], a '''hyperbolic equilibrium point''' or '''hyperbolic fixed point''' is a special type of [[fixed point (mathematics)|fixed point]].<br />
<br />
The [[Hartman-Grobman theorem]] states that the orbit structure of a dynamical system in the [[neighbourhood (mathematics)|neighbourhood]] of a hyperbolic fixed point is topologically equivalent to the orbit structure of the linearized dynamical system.<br />
<br />
== Definition ==<br />
<br />
Let<br />
:<math>F: \mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}^n</math><br />
be a ''C''<sup>1</sup> (that is, differentiable) [[vector field]] with fixed point ''p'' and let ''J'' denote the [[Jacobian matrix]] of ''F'' at ''p''. If the matrix ''J'' has no eigenvalues with zero real parts then ''p'' is called '''hyperbolic'''. Hyperbolic fixed points may also be called '''hyperbolic critical points''' or '''elementary critical points'''.<ref>Ralph Abraham and Jerrold E. Marsden, ''Foundations of Mechanics'', (1978) Benjamin/Cummings Publishing, Reading Mass. ISBN 0-8053-0102-X</ref><ref>[http://scholarpedia.org/article/Equilibrium Equilibrium (Scholarpedia)]</ref><br />
<br />
== Example ==<br />
Consider the nonlinear system<br />
:<math>\frac{ dx }{ dt } = y,</math><br />
:<math>\frac{ dy }{ dt } = -x-x^3-\alpha y,~ \alpha \ne 0</math><br />
<br />
<math>(0,0)</math> is the only equilibrium point. The linearization at the equilibrium is<br />
<br />
:<math>J(0,0) = \begin{pmatrix}<br />
0 & 1 \\<br />
-1 & -\alpha \end{pmatrix}</math>.<br />
<br />
The eigenvalues of this matrix are <math>\frac{-\alpha \pm \sqrt{\alpha^2-4} }{2}</math>. For all values of <math>\alpha \ne 0</math>, the eigenvalues have non-zero real part. Thus, this equilibrium point is a hyperbolic equilbrium point. The linearized system will behave similar to the non-linear system near <math>(0,0)</math>. When <math>\alpha=0</math>, the system has a nonhyperbolic equilibrium at <math>(0,0)</math>.<br />
<br />
== Comments ==<br />
In the case of an infinite dimensional system - for example systems involving a time delay - the notion of the "hyperbolic part of the spectrum" refers to the above property.<br />
<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[nonhyperbolic equilibrium]]<br />
* [[Hyperbolic set]]<br />
* [[Anosov flow]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
{{physics-stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Limit sets]]<br />
[[Category:Dynamical systems]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rank_(linear_algebra)&diff=210947347Rank (linear algebra)2008-05-08T02:19:03Z<p>Matty j: /* Properties */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''column rank''' of a [[matrix_(mathematics)|matrix]] ''A'' is the maximal number of [[linearly independent]] '''columns''' of ''A''. Likewise, the '''row rank''' is the maximal number of linearly independent '''rows''' of ''A''. <br />
<br />
Since the column rank and the row rank are always equal, they are<br />
simply called the '''rank''' of ''A''; for the proofs, see, e.g., <br />
Murase (1960)<ref><br />
Murase, I., <br />
[http://www.jstor.org/view/00029890/di991444/99p1774z/0 A remark on the rank of a matrix],<br />
The American Mathematical Monthly, Classroom notes, 1960, pp.176-177.<br />
</ref>,<br />
Andrea & Wong (1960)<ref><br />
Andrea, S.A., and Wong, E.T., <br />
[http://www.jstor.org/view/0025570x/di021016/02p02315/0 Row rank and column rank of a matrix],<br />
Mathematics Magazine, 1960, pp.33-34.<br />
</ref>,<br />
Williams & Cater (1968)<ref><br />
Williams, V.C., and Cater, F.S.,<br />
[http://www.jstor.org/view/0025570x/di021057/02p00993/0 On the rank of a matrix],<br />
Mathematics Magazine, 1968, pp.249-250.<br />
</ref>,<br />
Mackiw (1995)<ref><br />
Mackiw, G., <br />
[http://www.jstor.org/view/0025570x/di021191/02p00115/0 A note on the equality of the column and row rank of a matrix],<br />
Mathematics Magazine, 1995, pp.285-286.<br />
</ref>.<br />
It is commonly denoted by<br />
either rk(''A'') or rank&nbsp;''A''.<br />
<br />
The rank of an <math> m \times n </math> matrix is at most <math>\min(m,n)</math>. A matrix that has a rank as large as possible is said to have '''full rank'''; otherwise, the matrix is '''rank deficient'''.<br />
<br />
== Alternative definitions ==<br />
<br />
The maximal number of linearly independent columns of the ''m''-by-''n'' matrix ''A'' with entries in the [[field (mathematics)|field]] ''F'' is equal to the [[dimension of a vector space|dimension]] of the [[column space]] of ''A'' (the column space being the subspace of ''F''<sup>''m''</sup> generated by the columns of ''A''). Since the column rank and the row rank are the same, we can also define the rank of ''A'' as the dimension of the [[row space]] of ''A''.<br />
<br />
If one considers the matrix ''A'' as a [[linear map]] <br />
:''f'' : ''F''<sup>''n''</sup> &rarr; ''F''<sup>''m''</sup><br />
with the rule<br />
:''f''('''x''') = ''A'''''x'''<br />
then the rank of ''A'' can also be defined as the [[dimension]] of the image of ''f'' (see [[linear map]] for a discussion of image and kernel). This definition has the advantage that they can be applied to any linear map without need for a specific matrix. The rank can also be defined as ''n'' minus the dimension of the [[kernel (algebra)|kernel]] of ''f''; the [[rank-nullity theorem]] states that this is the same as the dimension of the image of ''f''.<br />
<br />
Another equivalent definition of the rank of a matrix is the order of the greatest non-vanishing [[Minor (linear algebra)|minor]] in the matrix.<br />
<br />
== Properties ==<br />
<br />
We assume that ''A'' is an ''m''-by-''n'' matrix over the field ''F'' and describes a linear map ''f'' as above.<br />
<br />
* only the zero matrix has rank 0<br />
* <math>rank\ A \leq \min(m, n)</math><br />
* ''f'' is [[injective]] if and only if ''A'' has rank ''n'' (in this case, we say that ''A'' has ''full column rank'').<br />
* ''f'' is [[surjective]] if and only if ''A'' has rank ''m'' (in this case, we say that ''A'' has ''full row rank'').<br />
* In the case of a square matrix ''A'' (i.e., ''m'' = ''n''), then ''A'' is [[invertible matrix|invertible]] if and only if ''A'' has rank ''n'' (that is, ''A'' has full rank).<br />
* If ''B'' is any ''n''-by-''k'' matrix, then <br />
:<math>rank(AB) \leq \min(rank\ A, rank\ B)</math><br />
:As an example of the "<" case, consider the product<br />
::<math><br />
\begin{bmatrix}<br />
0 & 0 \\<br />
1 & 0 \\ <br />
\end{bmatrix}<br />
\begin{bmatrix}<br />
0 & 0 \\<br />
0 & 1 \\<br />
\end{bmatrix}<br />
</math><br />
:Both factors have rank 1, but the product has rank 0.<br />
* If ''B'' is an ''n''-by-''k'' matrix with rank ''n'', then <br />
:<math>rank(AB) = rank(A)</math><br />
* If ''C'' is an ''l''-by-''m'' matrix with rank ''m'', then<br />
:<math>rank(CA) = rank(A)</math><br />
* The rank of ''A'' is equal to ''r'' if and only if there exists an invertible ''m''-by-''m'' matrix ''X'' and an invertible ''n''-by-''n'' matrix ''Y'' such that<br />
<br />
:<math><br />
XAY =<br />
\begin{bmatrix}<br />
I_r & 0 \\<br />
0 & 0 \\<br />
\end{bmatrix}<br />
</math><br />
<br />
:where I<sub>''r''</sub> denotes the ''r''-by-''r'' [[identity matrix]].<br />
* Sylvester’s rank inequality: If ''A'' and ''B'' are any ''n''-by-''n'' matrices, then<br />
:<math>rank(A) + rank(B) - n \leq rank(A B) </math><br />
* Subadditivity: <math>rank(A + B) \leq rank(A) + rank(B)</math> when A and B are of the same dimension. As a consequence, a rank-k matrix can be written as the sum of k rank-1 matrices, but not less.<br />
* The rank of a matrix plus the [[null space|nullity]] of the matrix equals the number of columns of the matrix (this is the "rank theorem" or the "[[rank-nullity theorem]]").<br />
* Rank of matrix and corresponding Gram matrix is equal:<br />
:<math>rank(A^T A) = rank(A A^T) = rank(A) </math><br />
This can be shown by proving equality of their [[kernel (matrix)|null spaces]]. Null space of the Gram matrix is given by vectors <math>x</math> for which <math>A^T A x = 0</math>. If this condition is fulfilled, also holds <math>0 = x^T A^T A x = |A x|^2</math>. This proof was adapted from.<ref>Leonid Mirsky: An Introduction to Linear Algebra, 1990, ISBN 0486664341</ref><br />
<br />
== Computation ==<br />
<br />
The easiest way to compute the rank of a matrix ''A'' is given by the [[Gauss elimination method]]. The [[Row_echelon_form|row-echelon form]] of ''A'' produced by the Gauss algorithm has the same rank as ''A'', and its rank can be read off as the number of non-zero rows.<br />
<br />
Consider for example the 4-by-4 matrix<br />
<br />
:<math><br />
A =<br />
\begin{bmatrix}<br />
2 & 4 & 1 & 3 \\<br />
-1 & -2 & 1 & 0 \\<br />
0 & 0 & 2 & 2 \\<br />
3 & 6 & 2 & 5 \\<br />
\end{bmatrix}.<br />
</math><br />
<br />
We see that the second column is twice the first column, and that the fourth column equals the sum of the first and the third. The first and the third columns are linearly independent, so the rank of ''A'' is two. This can be confirmed with the Gauss algorithm. It produces the following row echelon form of ''A'':<br />
<br />
:<math><br />
A =<br />
\begin{bmatrix}<br />
1 & 2 & 0 & 1 \\<br />
0 & 0 & 1 & 1 \\<br />
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\<br />
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\<br />
\end{bmatrix}<br />
</math><br />
<br />
which has two non-zero rows.<br />
<br />
When applied to [[floating point]] computations on computers, basic Gaussian elimination ([[LU decomposition]]) can be unreliable, and a rank revealing decomposition should be used instead. An effective alternative is the [[singular value decomposition]] (SVD), but there are other less expensive choices, such as [[QR decomposition]] with pivoting, which are still more numerically robust than Gaussian elimination. Numerical determination of rank requires a criterion for deciding when a value, such as a singular value from the SVD, should be treated as zero, a practical choice which depends on both the matrix and the application.<br />
<br />
== Applications ==<br />
One useful application of calculating the rank of a matrix is the computation of the number of solutions of a [[system of linear equations]]. The system is inconsistent if the rank of the [[augmented matrix]] is greater than the rank of the [[coefficient matrix]]. If, on the other hand, ranks of these two matrices are equal, the system must have at least one solution. The solution is unique if and only if the rank equals the number of variables. Otherwise the general solution has ''k'' free parameters where ''k'' is the difference between the number of variables and the rank.<br />
<br />
In [[control theory]], the rank of a matrix can be used to determine whether a [[linear system]] is [[controllability|controllable]], or [[observability|observable]].<br />
<br />
==Generalization==<br />
<br />
There are different generalisations of the concept of rank to matrices over arbitrary [[ring (mathematics)|ring]]s. In those generalisations, column rank, row rank, dimension of column space and dimension of row space of a matrix may be different from the others or may not exist.<br />
<br />
There is a notion of [[rank (differential topology)|rank]] for [[smooth map]]s between [[smooth manifold]]s. It is equal to the linear rank of the [[pushforward (differential)|derivative]].<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
Matrix rank should not be confused with [[tensor rank]]. Matrices can be defined as [[tensors]] with tensor rank 2.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
<br />
* Horn, Roger A. and Johnson, Charles R. Matrix Analysis. Cambridge University Press, 1985. ISBN 0-521-38632-2.<br />
* Kaw, Autar K. Two Chapters from the book Introduction to Matrix Algebra: 1. Vectors [http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu/mws/che/04sle/mws_che_sle_bck_vectors.pdf] and System of Equations [http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu/mws/che/04sle/mws_che_sle_bck_system.pdf]<br />
* Mike Brookes: Matrix Reference Manual. [http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/hp/staff/www/matrix/property.html#rank]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Linear algebra]]<br />
<br />
[[cs:Hodnost matice]]<br />
[[de:Rang (Mathematik)]]<br />
[[es:Rango de una matriz]]<br />
[[fr:Rang (mathématiques)]]<br />
[[ko:계수 (선형대수학)]]<br />
[[hr:Rang matrice]]<br />
[[it:Rango (algebra lineare)]]<br />
[[nl:Rang (lineaire algebra)]]<br />
[[ja:行列の階数]]<br />
[[pl:Rząd macierzy]]<br />
[[ru:Ранг матрицы]]<br />
[[sr:Ранг матрице]]<br />
[[sv:Rang (matematik)]]<br />
[[uk:Ранг матриці]]<br />
[[zh:矩阵的秩]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeff_Francis&diff=182260437Jeff Francis2008-01-05T06:08:27Z<p>Matty j: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox MLB player|<br />
name=Jeff Francis|<br />
image=TheDelivery JeffFrancis.jpg|<br />
width=300|<br />
position=Starting Pitcher|<br />
team=Colorado Rockies|<br />
number=26|<br />
bats=Left|<br />
throws=Left|<br />
birthdate={{birth date and age|1981|1|8}}|<br />
debutdate=August 25|<br />
debutyear=2004|<br />
debutteam=Colorado Rockies|<br />
statyear=2007 season|<br />
stat1label=[[Win (baseball)|Win-Loss]]|<br />
stat1value=47-34|<br />
stat3label=[[Strikeout]]s|<br />
stat3value=442|<br />
stat2label=[[Earned Run Average]]|<br />
stat2value=4.68|<br />
teams=<nowiki></nowiki><br />
*[[Colorado Rockies]] ([[2004 in baseball|2004]]-Present)<br />
}}<br />
'''Jeffrey William Francis''' (born [[January 8]], [[1981]] in [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]) is a highly-touted left-handed [[Major League Baseball]] [[pitcher]] for the [[Colorado Rockies]]. <br />
<br />
Francis made his major league debut on [[August 25]], [[2004]], against the [[Atlanta Braves]], losing the 8-1 decision. He pitched five innings, allowing six runs (on three home runs), walking one, while striking out eight hitters. He earned his first career victory on [[September 5]], 2004, against the [[San Diego Padres]] at [[PETCO Park]], tossing 5.1 scoreless innings in a 5-2 victory for the Rockies.<br />
<br />
In 2004, Francis was named Minor League Player of the Year by both [[Baseball America Minor League Player of the Year Award|''Baseball America'']] and [[USA Today Minor League Player of the Year Award|''USA Today'']], becoming the first player in [[Colorado Rockies]] organizational history to win either of the awards. He became the fourth different player to be honored in the same season by both publications, joining [[Andruw Jones]] (1995-1996), [[Rick Ankiel]] (1999), and [[Josh Beckett]] (2001). Combined between [[Tulsa Drillers|Tulsa]] (AA) and [[Colorado Springs Sky Sox|Colorado Springs]] (AAA), Francis went 16-3 with a 2.21 [[earned run average|ERA]] and .194 average against in 24 starts. He struck out 196 batters in 154.2 innings pitched, for a ratio of 11.4 per nine innings. He had more strikeouts than hits (108) and walks (29) combined.<br />
<br />
Francis was drafted by the [[Colorado Rockies]] in the 1st round (9th pick overall) of the 2002 amateur draft out of the [[University of British Columbia]], where he was a physics major. He was signed by [[Greg Hopkins]].<br />
<br />
Jeff and his wife Allison Padfield were married on December 31, 2005 in London, Ontario. Francis played for [[Canada national baseball team|Canada]] at the [[2006 World Baseball Classic]].<br />
<br />
On [[September 23]], 2006, Francis notched his 30th career win against the [[Atlanta Braves]]. In the process, he passed [[Brian Bohanon]] to become the winningest left-handed pitcher in Rockies history. <br />
<br />
On [[November 22]], 2006 Francis signed a 4-year deal worth $13.25 million, carrying an option for a 5th year at $7 million. Under MLB rules, the option year would be his first year eligible for free agency. The contract will allow the Rockies/Francis to avoid going to arbitration every year.<br />
<br />
On [[October 3]], 2007 Francis became the first [[Canadian]] starting pitcher to win a Major League Baseball [[2007_Major_League_Baseball_season#Postseason|postseason game]] by beating the [[Philadelphia Phillies]]. It was his first postseason appearance.<br />
<br />
On [[October 24]], 2007 Francis became the first Canadian starting pitcher to pitch in the [[World Series]] but struggled in lasting only four innings and allowing six runs. The Rockies went on to lose the game 13 - 1. <br />
<br />
'''Career Statistics as of 10/2/07'''<br><br />
{| border="true" cellpadding="2"<br />
|-<br />
|[[Win (baseball)|W]]<br />
|[[Loss (baseball statistics)|L]]<br />
|[[Earned run average|ERA]]<br />
|[[Games played|G]]<br />
|[[Games started|GS]]<br />
|[[Complete game|CG]]<br />
|[[Shutout|SHO]]<br />
|[[Save (sport)|SV]]<br />
|[[Innings pitched|IP]]<br />
|[[Hit (baseball statistics)|H]]<br />
|[[Earned run|ER]]<br />
|[[Home run|HR]]<br />
|[[Base on balls|BB]]<br />
|[[Strikeout|SO]]<br />
|-<br />
|47<br />
|34<br />
|4.68<br />
|106<br />
|106<br />
|2<br />
|2<br />
|0<br />
|634.2<br />
|691<br />
|330<br />
|77<br />
|215<br />
|442<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{baseballstats |mlb=433585 |espn=6038 |br=f/francje01 |fangraphs=4684 |cube=F/Jeff-Francis}}<br />
*[http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=francje01 Baseball Almanac Jeff Francis Page]<br />
*[http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/cms/?pid=1000342 "A Magnus Force on the Mound" profile in ''symmetry'' magazine]<br />
<br />
{{Rockies}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Francis, Jeff}}<br />
[[Category:1981 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Vancouver]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian baseball players]]<br />
[[Category:Colorado Rockies players]]<br />
[[Category:Major league pitchers]]<br />
[[Category:British Columbia sportspeople]]<br />
[[Category:All-Star Futures Game players]]<br />
[[Category:2006 World Baseball Classic players of Canada]]<br />
<br />
[[ja:ジェフ・フランシス]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brantford_Collegiate_Institute&diff=172804663Brantford Collegiate Institute2007-11-20T23:43:38Z<p>Matty j: /* School Council's Shock */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox Education in Canada<br />
| founded = <br />
| schoolnumber = <br />
| schoolboard = [[Grand Erie District School Board]]<br />
| name = Brantford Collegiate Institute and Vocational School<br />
| affiliation = <br />
| fundingtype = Public<br />
| schooltype= [[High school#Canada|High School]]<br />
| grades = 9–12<br />
| language= [[Canadian English|English]]<br />
| streetaddress = 120 Brant Ave<br />
| city = [[Brantford]]<br />
| province = [[Ontario]]<br />
| country = [[Canada]]<br />
| postalcode= N3T 3H3<br />
| areacode= 519<br />
| phone= (519) 759-3210<br />
| principal = Gail Lovett<br />
| viceprincipal = <br />
| viceprincipal_label=Vice principals<br />
| enrollment = 1286 (as of 2005)<br />
| mascot = Mustang<br />
| url = http://schools.gedsb.net/bci/<br />
| colours = Blue and Yellow<br />
| image =<br />
| imagesize =<br />
}}<br />
{{Wikify|date=October 2007}}<br />
<br />
'''Brantford Collegiate Institute''' is a secondary school in the [[Grand Erie District School Board]] which is a medium sized school board in the province of Ontario.<br />
==Enrollment==<br />
<br />
The 2005-2006 Enrollment figures for BCI are<br />
<br />
Grade 9 - 262 Students<br />
Grade 10 - 307<br />
Grade 11 - 305<br />
Grade 12 - 392<br />
Developmentally Delayed - 20<br />
<br />
Total 1,286 Students.<br />
<br />
==Distinguished Alumni==<br />
===Thomas B. Costain ( 1885 - 1965)=== <br />
As a student at Brantford Collegiate, Costain wrote two full-length books, which he later described as a 'two hundred thousand word exhibition of adolescent futility'.<br />
Thomas B. Costain left school to become a reporter, first with the Brantford Courier, then The Expositor, which led to a brilliant career in Canada and the United States as a magazine Editor. In his fifties he wrote the first of 23 historical novels, which sold more than 15 million copies, making him the most widely read of the Canadian-Born authors.<br />
<br />
One of his books, The Chord of Steel, tells the story of Alexander Graham Bell, and raised awareness of Brantford's status as the birthplace of the telephone.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
===Dr. James Hillier===<br />
James Hillier hoped for a career in art after B.C.I.. He was unaware that the one teacher had recognized his other abilities and had applied for a science scholarship at the University of Toronto on his behalf.<br />
So, he became a scientist. He is the co-inventor of the first effective electron microscope, and designer of the first widely available model. It revels structures down to the atom, making it on of the most powerful tools of scientific research in the 20th Century, and beyond.<br />
<br />
Dr. Hillier's inventions earned him 41 patents, a place in the National Inventors Hall of Fame, and the Order of Canada. Thanks largely to the generosity, the James Hillier Foundation now offers scholarships to local students pursuing degrees in the sciences.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
===E. Pauline Johnson (1862 - 1913)=== <br />
The daughter of an hereditary Chief of the Mohawks of the Six Nations and his English wife, Pauline Johnson was mainly educated at Chiefswood, the family mansion, and at Brantford Collegiate, where she loved to perform in plays and pageants.<br />
Poetry and performance were her passions. Her poems were widely published, and she made hugely successful tours across Canada, the United States and Britain. She was a star. A striking figure in splendid native costume she packed halls and theaters, giving intensely dramatic recitals of her works.<br />
<br />
A recurring theme was pride in her native heritage, reflected in the title of her collected works, Flint and Feather, first published in 1912, and repeatedly reprinted.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
===Sara Jeannette Duncan (1861 - 1922)===<br />
An outstanding journalist at a time when female journalists were rare, Sara Jeannette Duncan was the first woman accredited to the Parliamentary Press Gallery in Ottawa in 1888.<br />
She went on to become an acclaimed and popular novelist on both sides of the Atlantic.<br />
<br />
Her acknowledged masterpiece is The Imperialist, first published in 1904, a witty novel of manners and politics that has been compared to the works of Jane Austen. It is recognized as one of the most significant books in the development of Canadian literature and it is set in the busy industrial city of "Elgin" with gives a vivid portrait of her home town, Brantford.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
===Sara Barber===<br />
In 1954, Sara Barber was 13 years old, a grade 9 student at B.C.I. & V.S. and a world class athlete. As a member of Canada's swim team at the British Empire Games in Vancouver, she was the youngest competitor there.<br />
Still a B.C.I. student, Sara dominated the Canadian national championships in 1956, winning an unprecedented six titles: the 100 meter backstroke, freestyle and butterfly, 200 meter backstroke, 400 meter freestyle and medley.<br />
<br />
Internationally, Sara represented Canada at thee Empire Games, two Pan-American Games, and two Olympic Games - Melbourne in 1956, Rome in 1960.<br />
<br />
She won more than 100 medals in competition, and briefly, in 1959, held the world record for the 100 yard backstroke.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
===Dr. John V. Basmajian===<br />
John Basmajian was an all-round student. He played football, acted with the Drama Club, wrote poems and articles for the Writer's Club, and edited Hello, the school yearbook.<br />
He went on to get his medical degree, and his internationally acclaimed medical research and rehabilitation of nerve-muscle functions began in 1949 at Toronto's Sick Children's Hospital.<br />
<br />
Polio, spinal-cord conditions and muscular dystrophy were his first targets.<br />
<br />
A new technique, electromyography, became his chief weapon and made him famous, with torrents of publications, echoing B.C.I. days. He was made an officer of the Order of Canada, received the Order of Ontario, and many honourary fellowships, degrees, Who's Who entries and invited tours through many countries on every continent.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
===Professor Alexandra Johnston=== <br />
At Brantford Collegiate "Sanny" Johnston was an eager student of English, who won prizes in the Thomas B. Costain essay contests, and delighted to perform in Drama Club productions.<br />
These enthusiasms translated into a brilliant academic record: she was Dr. Johnston, with a Ph.D. in English at age 25.<br />
<br />
Alexandra Johnston embarked on a career, punctuated with honours, as a professor and academic administrator. She was the first woman to serve as Principal of Victoria College, in Toronto.<br />
<br />
Dr. Johnston was a founder, then director of the international scholarly project. Records of Early English Drama. This made Victoria College the world centre of the study - and discovery - of the medieval roots of the glories of the Elizabethan theatre<br />
<br />
==Relocation Controversy==<br />
===Summary of Controversy===<br />
Brantford Collegiate Institute is the oldest school in Brantford, and has stood as a historic landmark for nearly a century. For years, the city and the Grand Erie District School Board have been working on a plan to update and renovate the deteriorating school located on 120 Brant Ave. A major uproar was created when the school board had a reversed their plans to rebuild B.C.I on its current location. Their new plan involved moving the school to Shellard Lane and tearing down the historic building located on Brant Ave. <br />
<br />
===Decisions Taken by the Board===<br />
The Brant County Board of Education presented a report, “Planning for our Future -- a<br />
Master Plan and Education Program for the Future Development of BCI” in November<br />
1997 which recommended rebuilding on the current site. No follow-up decision was<br />
made and the issue was left with the newly amalgamated Grand Erie District School<br />
Board created on January 1, 1999 to resolve.<br />
<br />
In the summer of 2002 the board received a report from senior administration which<br />
encouraged trustees to deal with this issue. An ad hoc committee was established and<br />
supported rebuilding BCI at its current site.<br />
<br />
In October, 2004 a “Comprehensive Facility Audit” was completed by Jacques Whitford<br />
Limited. Their report was submitted to the board in April 2005. The report documented<br />
work that would need to be completed over the next 10 years totaling $12.2 million. This<br />
would be basic work and would not deal with issues such as accessibility.<br />
<br />
In May 2005 the Board decided by motion to move forward with a “Community Forum”<br />
and to write to the Minister of Education to request financial assistance to revitalize BCI.<br />
<br />
In the fall of 2005 the BCI Community Forums were held. By all accounts the process<br />
was positive and the consensus was that any redevelopment of BCI should be on its<br />
current site.<br />
<br />
On February 6, 2006, the Board in Committee of the Whole approved moving forward<br />
with architectural services to assist the Design Committee examining options for the<br />
redevelopment of BCI. The options included a new school on a new site as well as redeveloping<br />
BCI on its current site.<br />
<br />
On June 12, 2006, the board in Committee of the Whole approved moving forward with a<br />
“Request for Proposal” for architectural services for the redevelopment of BCI and<br />
directed administration to prepare a report on transition plans and costs.<br />
<br />
In August, 2006 trustees with a 2/3 majority, passed a motion to re-open discussion on<br />
the location of BCI.<br />
<br />
On September 14, 2006 another Public Forum was held. This time the discussion was on<br />
how to accommodate BCI students during the redevelopment. Parents from the other<br />
secondary schools in Brantford attended and objected to having their schools disrupted<br />
and put on shifts to accommodate BCI students during the construction at BCI.<br />
Approximately 600 people attended this meeting. At this meeting, the board’s<br />
presentation addressed the re-building of BCI on a new site as well as accommodating<br />
BCI on the existing site.<br />
<br />
On October 2, 2006, administration presented a plan to rebuild BCI on the existing site<br />
while keeping the students on site. The option would increase costs and delay the<br />
completion of the project to 2010.<br />
<br />
On October 16, 2006 a motion was approved to confirm that BCI would be rebuilt on its<br />
current site at a cost not to exceed $30 million. An RFP was approved for an architect<br />
and construction manager. <br />
<br />
On November 20, 2006 Walter Fedy Partners were selected as architects and Atlas Construction as construction managers.<br />
<br />
On January 8, 2007, the Board agreed to seek permission from the Minister of Education<br />
to adjust the school day to accommodate shifts at BCI while the re-development was<br />
taking place and on February 26, 2007 the Minister gave approval.<br />
<br />
The plan called for the use of shifts, the use of the 1960’s wing of BCI, portables and the<br />
use of nearby Victoria School.<br />
<br />
On March 19, 2007 cost estimates for the BCI development on site were reported to be<br />
$33,372,958 which included an auditorium at an approximate cost of $2.7 million which<br />
the Alumni committed to fundraise and $30,647,969 for a school on a new site. The<br />
operating costs for the new school on its current site would be greater because of the<br />
additional square footage however the bussing costs would be greater at the West Brant<br />
site.<br />
<br />
The board moved a motion at the March 19th meeting to go in-camera and discuss a<br />
property issue. The property being contemplated by the board was located in West Brant,<br />
on Shellard Lane which is owned by the city.<br />
<br />
Board officials had no written information from the city to explain the planning issues but<br />
they reported to trustees that permission could be obtained from the city to build a school<br />
quickly. That being said, trustees were told that the board would be responsible for the costs of some services since the land would not have access to all city services for a number of<br />
years.<br />
<br />
===School Council's Shock===<br />
School Council expressed concerns about the process used by the Board. They felt that<br />
they were misled because prior to the municipal election in 2006, the Board had one<br />
position on BCI and then after the election it was reversed. The School Council reviewed<br />
the events of the last several years where the Board consistently re-confirmed decisions<br />
to rebuild BCI on its current site. They praised the Community Forums as good vehicles<br />
to seek input.<br />
<br />
School Council pointed to the relationship BCI has with Wilfrid Laurier University which<br />
has a campus in downtown Brantford as does Mohawk College and Nipissing University.<br />
The concern is that the new site for BCI is too far away from downtown to maintain these<br />
relationships.<br />
<br />
Currently the vast majority of students walk to BCI whereas at its new location this will<br />
be the reverse at great cost to the Board.<br />
<br />
School Council does not agree with the board that enrollment will increase significantly<br />
at the new site for BCI and felt that data used by the Board, 2001 census data, was out of<br />
date. Their belief is that new provincial policy calls for intensification and infilling and<br />
this will increase enrollment at the BCI downtown location. Council said they were shocked by the board’s reversal and they believe the decision was made without a commitment that land would be available for the re-located BCI in a short time frame.<br />
<br />
===An Angry City===<br />
The Mayor, Councillors and administration for the City of Brantford were very upset the<br />
board reversed its course without any discussion with the City. The Mayor said he heard<br />
about the board’s decision on the radio. This issue is particularly important to the City<br />
because much work and planning to revitalize downtown has begun to show results.<br />
With Nipissing and Wilfrid Laurier Universities as well as Mohawk College located in<br />
the core, more people are working and attending school downtown, which is good for<br />
business and creates employment. The province is encouraging intensification and<br />
infilling as good for the environment.<br />
<br />
The City said that demographics are not showing growth in south-west Brant and<br />
therefore building a new school in this area is hard to understand.<br />
<br />
The Mayor outlined the timelines for the necessary official plan amendment required<br />
before the proposed school site could be developed. The City also indicated that since<br />
other development is unlikely to occur for several years, the board would be responsible<br />
for the installation of necessary services for the new school.<br />
<br />
===Minister of Education's Suggestions===<br />
"During my consultations in Brantford it became clear that some members of the<br />
community viewed this fact finding process as an appeal of the Board’s decision<br />
concerning the future of BCI. They wanted the decision overturned by the Ministry of<br />
Education. It is important that everyone involved in this very difficult community issue<br />
understand that Ontario’s Education Act is the legal framework and it sets out who does<br />
what in the delivery of public education. The Ministry does not have the power to overrule<br />
locally elected school boards as long as their decisions respect the Education Act and<br />
the policy guidelines set by the Ministry.<br />
<br />
School boards are democratically elected to make decisions that are best made at the<br />
community level. It would be inappropriate, and not in the best interest of public<br />
education, to have every school accommodation issue, all across this vast Province made<br />
in Toronto. In this particular case it is clear that the board has exclusive power to make<br />
this decision.<br />
<br />
I was asked many times; “How is the board held accountable?” Clearly the board is<br />
accountable to the community. Ultimately trustees seek re-election and this democratic<br />
process provides direct accountability.<br />
<br />
However in the exercise of this power, trustees and boards must be transparent, inclusive<br />
and respectful of the community they represent. Board decisions must serve the best<br />
interest of the community and of course their students."<br />
<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<ref>http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/document/nr/07.07/BCIreport.pdf</ref><br />
<ref>http://bcialumni.on.ca/alumni2001.htm</ref><br />
<br />
{{GEDSBSchools}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:High schools in Brantford, Ontario]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brantford_Collegiate_Institute&diff=172804460Brantford Collegiate Institute2007-11-20T23:42:35Z<p>Matty j: /* Decisions Taken by the Board */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox Education in Canada<br />
| founded = <br />
| schoolnumber = <br />
| schoolboard = [[Grand Erie District School Board]]<br />
| name = Brantford Collegiate Institute and Vocational School<br />
| affiliation = <br />
| fundingtype = Public<br />
| schooltype= [[High school#Canada|High School]]<br />
| grades = 9–12<br />
| language= [[Canadian English|English]]<br />
| streetaddress = 120 Brant Ave<br />
| city = [[Brantford]]<br />
| province = [[Ontario]]<br />
| country = [[Canada]]<br />
| postalcode= N3T 3H3<br />
| areacode= 519<br />
| phone= (519) 759-3210<br />
| principal = Gail Lovett<br />
| viceprincipal = <br />
| viceprincipal_label=Vice principals<br />
| enrollment = 1286 (as of 2005)<br />
| mascot = Mustang<br />
| url = http://schools.gedsb.net/bci/<br />
| colours = Blue and Yellow<br />
| image =<br />
| imagesize =<br />
}}<br />
{{Wikify|date=October 2007}}<br />
<br />
'''Brantford Collegiate Institute''' is a secondary school in the [[Grand Erie District School Board]] which is a medium sized school board in the province of Ontario.<br />
==Enrollment==<br />
<br />
The 2005-2006 Enrollment figures for BCI are<br />
<br />
Grade 9 - 262 Students<br />
Grade 10 - 307<br />
Grade 11 - 305<br />
Grade 12 - 392<br />
Developmentally Delayed - 20<br />
<br />
Total 1,286 Students.<br />
<br />
==Distinguished Alumni==<br />
===Thomas B. Costain ( 1885 - 1965)=== <br />
As a student at Brantford Collegiate, Costain wrote two full-length books, which he later described as a 'two hundred thousand word exhibition of adolescent futility'.<br />
Thomas B. Costain left school to become a reporter, first with the Brantford Courier, then The Expositor, which led to a brilliant career in Canada and the United States as a magazine Editor. In his fifties he wrote the first of 23 historical novels, which sold more than 15 million copies, making him the most widely read of the Canadian-Born authors.<br />
<br />
One of his books, The Chord of Steel, tells the story of Alexander Graham Bell, and raised awareness of Brantford's status as the birthplace of the telephone.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
===Dr. James Hillier===<br />
James Hillier hoped for a career in art after B.C.I.. He was unaware that the one teacher had recognized his other abilities and had applied for a science scholarship at the University of Toronto on his behalf.<br />
So, he became a scientist. He is the co-inventor of the first effective electron microscope, and designer of the first widely available model. It revels structures down to the atom, making it on of the most powerful tools of scientific research in the 20th Century, and beyond.<br />
<br />
Dr. Hillier's inventions earned him 41 patents, a place in the National Inventors Hall of Fame, and the Order of Canada. Thanks largely to the generosity, the James Hillier Foundation now offers scholarships to local students pursuing degrees in the sciences.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
===E. Pauline Johnson (1862 - 1913)=== <br />
The daughter of an hereditary Chief of the Mohawks of the Six Nations and his English wife, Pauline Johnson was mainly educated at Chiefswood, the family mansion, and at Brantford Collegiate, where she loved to perform in plays and pageants.<br />
Poetry and performance were her passions. Her poems were widely published, and she made hugely successful tours across Canada, the United States and Britain. She was a star. A striking figure in splendid native costume she packed halls and theaters, giving intensely dramatic recitals of her works.<br />
<br />
A recurring theme was pride in her native heritage, reflected in the title of her collected works, Flint and Feather, first published in 1912, and repeatedly reprinted.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
===Sara Jeannette Duncan (1861 - 1922)===<br />
An outstanding journalist at a time when female journalists were rare, Sara Jeannette Duncan was the first woman accredited to the Parliamentary Press Gallery in Ottawa in 1888.<br />
She went on to become an acclaimed and popular novelist on both sides of the Atlantic.<br />
<br />
Her acknowledged masterpiece is The Imperialist, first published in 1904, a witty novel of manners and politics that has been compared to the works of Jane Austen. It is recognized as one of the most significant books in the development of Canadian literature and it is set in the busy industrial city of "Elgin" with gives a vivid portrait of her home town, Brantford.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
===Sara Barber===<br />
In 1954, Sara Barber was 13 years old, a grade 9 student at B.C.I. & V.S. and a world class athlete. As a member of Canada's swim team at the British Empire Games in Vancouver, she was the youngest competitor there.<br />
Still a B.C.I. student, Sara dominated the Canadian national championships in 1956, winning an unprecedented six titles: the 100 meter backstroke, freestyle and butterfly, 200 meter backstroke, 400 meter freestyle and medley.<br />
<br />
Internationally, Sara represented Canada at thee Empire Games, two Pan-American Games, and two Olympic Games - Melbourne in 1956, Rome in 1960.<br />
<br />
She won more than 100 medals in competition, and briefly, in 1959, held the world record for the 100 yard backstroke.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
===Dr. John V. Basmajian===<br />
John Basmajian was an all-round student. He played football, acted with the Drama Club, wrote poems and articles for the Writer's Club, and edited Hello, the school yearbook.<br />
He went on to get his medical degree, and his internationally acclaimed medical research and rehabilitation of nerve-muscle functions began in 1949 at Toronto's Sick Children's Hospital.<br />
<br />
Polio, spinal-cord conditions and muscular dystrophy were his first targets.<br />
<br />
A new technique, electromyography, became his chief weapon and made him famous, with torrents of publications, echoing B.C.I. days. He was made an officer of the Order of Canada, received the Order of Ontario, and many honourary fellowships, degrees, Who's Who entries and invited tours through many countries on every continent.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
===Professor Alexandra Johnston=== <br />
At Brantford Collegiate "Sanny" Johnston was an eager student of English, who won prizes in the Thomas B. Costain essay contests, and delighted to perform in Drama Club productions.<br />
These enthusiasms translated into a brilliant academic record: she was Dr. Johnston, with a Ph.D. in English at age 25.<br />
<br />
Alexandra Johnston embarked on a career, punctuated with honours, as a professor and academic administrator. She was the first woman to serve as Principal of Victoria College, in Toronto.<br />
<br />
Dr. Johnston was a founder, then director of the international scholarly project. Records of Early English Drama. This made Victoria College the world centre of the study - and discovery - of the medieval roots of the glories of the Elizabethan theatre<br />
<br />
==Relocation Controversy==<br />
===Summary of Controversy===<br />
Brantford Collegiate Institute is the oldest school in Brantford, and has stood as a historic landmark for nearly a century. For years, the city and the Grand Erie District School Board have been working on a plan to update and renovate the deteriorating school located on 120 Brant Ave. A major uproar was created when the school board had a reversed their plans to rebuild B.C.I on its current location. Their new plan involved moving the school to Shellard Lane and tearing down the historic building located on Brant Ave. <br />
<br />
===Decisions Taken by the Board===<br />
The Brant County Board of Education presented a report, “Planning for our Future -- a<br />
Master Plan and Education Program for the Future Development of BCI” in November<br />
1997 which recommended rebuilding on the current site. No follow-up decision was<br />
made and the issue was left with the newly amalgamated Grand Erie District School<br />
Board created on January 1, 1999 to resolve.<br />
<br />
In the summer of 2002 the board received a report from senior administration which<br />
encouraged trustees to deal with this issue. An ad hoc committee was established and<br />
supported rebuilding BCI at its current site.<br />
<br />
In October, 2004 a “Comprehensive Facility Audit” was completed by Jacques Whitford<br />
Limited. Their report was submitted to the board in April 2005. The report documented<br />
work that would need to be completed over the next 10 years totaling $12.2 million. This<br />
would be basic work and would not deal with issues such as accessibility.<br />
<br />
In May 2005 the Board decided by motion to move forward with a “Community Forum”<br />
and to write to the Minister of Education to request financial assistance to revitalize BCI.<br />
<br />
In the fall of 2005 the BCI Community Forums were held. By all accounts the process<br />
was positive and the consensus was that any redevelopment of BCI should be on its<br />
current site.<br />
<br />
On February 6, 2006, the Board in Committee of the Whole approved moving forward<br />
with architectural services to assist the Design Committee examining options for the<br />
redevelopment of BCI. The options included a new school on a new site as well as redeveloping<br />
BCI on its current site.<br />
<br />
On June 12, 2006, the board in Committee of the Whole approved moving forward with a<br />
“Request for Proposal” for architectural services for the redevelopment of BCI and<br />
directed administration to prepare a report on transition plans and costs.<br />
<br />
In August, 2006 trustees with a 2/3 majority, passed a motion to re-open discussion on<br />
the location of BCI.<br />
<br />
On September 14, 2006 another Public Forum was held. This time the discussion was on<br />
how to accommodate BCI students during the redevelopment. Parents from the other<br />
secondary schools in Brantford attended and objected to having their schools disrupted<br />
and put on shifts to accommodate BCI students during the construction at BCI.<br />
Approximately 600 people attended this meeting. At this meeting, the board’s<br />
presentation addressed the re-building of BCI on a new site as well as accommodating<br />
BCI on the existing site.<br />
<br />
On October 2, 2006, administration presented a plan to rebuild BCI on the existing site<br />
while keeping the students on site. The option would increase costs and delay the<br />
completion of the project to 2010.<br />
<br />
On October 16, 2006 a motion was approved to confirm that BCI would be rebuilt on its<br />
current site at a cost not to exceed $30 million. An RFP was approved for an architect<br />
and construction manager. <br />
<br />
On November 20, 2006 Walter Fedy Partners were selected as architects and Atlas Construction as construction managers.<br />
<br />
On January 8, 2007, the Board agreed to seek permission from the Minister of Education<br />
to adjust the school day to accommodate shifts at BCI while the re-development was<br />
taking place and on February 26, 2007 the Minister gave approval.<br />
<br />
The plan called for the use of shifts, the use of the 1960’s wing of BCI, portables and the<br />
use of nearby Victoria School.<br />
<br />
On March 19, 2007 cost estimates for the BCI development on site were reported to be<br />
$33,372,958 which included an auditorium at an approximate cost of $2.7 million which<br />
the Alumni committed to fundraise and $30,647,969 for a school on a new site. The<br />
operating costs for the new school on its current site would be greater because of the<br />
additional square footage however the bussing costs would be greater at the West Brant<br />
site.<br />
<br />
The board moved a motion at the March 19th meeting to go in-camera and discuss a<br />
property issue. The property being contemplated by the board was located in West Brant,<br />
on Shellard Lane which is owned by the city.<br />
<br />
Board officials had no written information from the city to explain the planning issues but<br />
they reported to trustees that permission could be obtained from the city to build a school<br />
quickly. That being said, trustees were told that the board would be responsible for the costs of some services since the land would not have access to all city services for a number of<br />
years.<br />
<br />
===School Council's Shock===<br />
School Council expressed concerns about the process used by the Board. They felt that<br />
they were misled because prior to the municipal election in 2006, the Board had one<br />
position on BCI and then after the election it was reversed. The School Council reviewed<br />
the events of the last several years where the Board consistently re-confirmed decisions<br />
to rebuild BCI on its current site. They praised the Community Forums as good vehicles<br />
to seek input.<br />
<br />
School Council pointed to the relationship BCI has with Wilfrid Laurier University which<br />
has a campus in downtown Brantford as does Mohawk College and Nipissing University.<br />
The concern is that the new site for BCI is too far away from downtown to maintain these<br />
relationships.<br />
<br />
Currently the vast majority of students walk to BCI whereas at its new location this will<br />
be the reverse at great cost to the Board.<br />
<br />
School Council does not agree with the board that enrollment will increase significantly<br />
at the new site for BCI and felt that data used by the Board, 2001 census data, was out of<br />
date. Their belief is that new provincial policy calls for intensification and infilling and<br />
this will increase enrollment at the BCI downtown location. Council said they were shocked by the board’s reversal and they believe the decision wasmade without a commitment that land would be available for the re-located BCI in a short timeframe.<br />
<br />
===An Angry City===<br />
The Mayor, Councillors and administration for the City of Brantford were very upset the<br />
board reversed its course without any discussion with the City. The Mayor said he heard<br />
about the board’s decision on the radio. This issue is particularly important to the City<br />
because much work and planning to revitalize downtown has begun to show results.<br />
With Nipissing and Wilfrid Laurier Universities as well as Mohawk College located in<br />
the core, more people are working and attending school downtown, which is good for<br />
business and creates employment. The province is encouraging intensification and<br />
infilling as good for the environment.<br />
<br />
The City said that demographics are not showing growth in south-west Brant and<br />
therefore building a new school in this area is hard to understand.<br />
<br />
The Mayor outlined the timelines for the necessary official plan amendment required<br />
before the proposed school site could be developed. The City also indicated that since<br />
other development is unlikely to occur for several years, the board would be responsible<br />
for the installation of necessary services for the new school.<br />
<br />
===Minister of Education's Suggestions===<br />
"During my consultations in Brantford it became clear that some members of the<br />
community viewed this fact finding process as an appeal of the Board’s decision<br />
concerning the future of BCI. They wanted the decision overturned by the Ministry of<br />
Education. It is important that everyone involved in this very difficult community issue<br />
understand that Ontario’s Education Act is the legal framework and it sets out who does<br />
what in the delivery of public education. The Ministry does not have the power to overrule<br />
locally elected school boards as long as their decisions respect the Education Act and<br />
the policy guidelines set by the Ministry.<br />
<br />
School boards are democratically elected to make decisions that are best made at the<br />
community level. It would be inappropriate, and not in the best interest of public<br />
education, to have every school accommodation issue, all across this vast Province made<br />
in Toronto. In this particular case it is clear that the board has exclusive power to make<br />
this decision.<br />
<br />
I was asked many times; “How is the board held accountable?” Clearly the board is<br />
accountable to the community. Ultimately trustees seek re-election and this democratic<br />
process provides direct accountability.<br />
<br />
However in the exercise of this power, trustees and boards must be transparent, inclusive<br />
and respectful of the community they represent. Board decisions must serve the best<br />
interest of the community and of course their students."<br />
<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<ref>http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/document/nr/07.07/BCIreport.pdf</ref><br />
<ref>http://bcialumni.on.ca/alumni2001.htm</ref><br />
<br />
{{GEDSBSchools}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:High schools in Brantford, Ontario]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill_Mullins-Johnson&diff=164856414Bill Mullins-Johnson2007-10-16T01:17:08Z<p>Matty j: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Otherpeople|Bill Johnson}}<br />
'''Bill Mullins-Johnson''' (Born 1970), of [[Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario|Sault Ste. Marie]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]], was charged, and in 1994 wrongly convicted, of [[rape|sexually assaulting]] and [[homicide|murdering]] his 4-year-old niece, Valin Johnson, on [[June 27]], [[1993]]. Mullins-Johnson had been babysitting his niece. When she was found dead in her bed, and the [[pathology|pathologists']] report indicated that she had been [[sodomy|sodomized]] and [[asphyxia|strangled or smothered]] after years of chronic sexual abuse, Mullins-Johnson immediately became the chief suspect. There was no forensic evidence linking Mullins-Johnson to an assault.<br />
<br />
In September 2005, pathologists (including Ontario's chief pathologist) reviewed the original evidence, including tissue samples, and determined that a crime likely did not take place -- the evidence was consistent with death from natural causes, and what the original pathologists took as evidence of sodomy, an enlarged anus, may actually have been caused by muscles relaxing after death. The work of one of the original pathologists, Dr. [[Charles Randal Smith|Charles Smith]], is now under review for 40 child deaths from 1991 onward.<br />
<br />
On [[September 21]] [[2005]], after 12 years in prison, Mullins-Johnson was released on [[Canadian dollar|CAD]] 125,000 ([[United States dollar|USD]] 105,000) bail while Canadian justice minister [[Irwin Cotler]] decided whether to order a new trial or to send the case to the [[Ontario Court of Appeals]]. Mullins had been serving time in the medium security [[Warkworth Institution]], about two hours northeast of Toronto, at the time of his bail hearing.<br />
<br />
A businessman uncle, [[Gord Boissoneau]], put up bail [[surety]] of CAD 75,000, while the other CAD 50,000 came from Mullins-Johnson's mother, Laureena Hill.<br />
<br />
On October 15 2007, the Ontario Court of Appeal acquited Mullins-Johnson at the request of the Crown prosecutors, who apologized to Mullins-Johnson in court for the wrongful conviction.<br />
<br />
==Legal history==<br />
The Ontario Court of Appeal upheld the conviction in 1996. The Supreme Court dismissed a further appeal in 1998 [http://www.lexum.umontreal.ca/csc-scc/en/com/1998/texte/98-05-22.1a.txt] . On 15 October 2007, the Ontario Court of Appeals acquited Mullins-Johnson of all charges.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2007/10/15/appeal-mullinsjohnson.html? CBC story on the acquital]<br />
* [http://www.recorder.ca/cp/National/050920/n092085A.html Idea of freedom daunting to man who says he didn't commit 1993 murder: lawyer]<br />
*[http://injusticebusters.com/05/Smith_Charles.shtml Injusticebusters compilation of news articles related to Smith]<br />
*[http://www.ltvnews.com/viewarticle.php?id=3021 Mullins-Johnson: Was He Wrongly Convicted?]<br />
*[http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/ArticleNews/TPStory/LAC/20050922/MULLINS22/TPNational/Canada Man jailed for 12 years tastes freedom]<br />
*[http://www.recorder.ca/cp/National/050921/n0921103A.html Twelve years in jail for murder that may not have happened 'hell,' man says]<br />
<br />
[[Category:1970 births|Mullins-Johnson, William]]<br />
[[Category:Living people|Mullins-Johnson, William]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian criminals|Mullins-Johnson, Bill]]<br />
[[Category:Canadians wrongfully convicted|Mullins-Johnson, Bill]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3_Doors_Down&diff=1557607603 Doors Down2007-09-05T02:43:51Z<p>Matty j: /* Band history */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox musical artist<br />
| Background = group_or_band<br />
| Name = 3 Doors Down<br />
| Img =|250px]]<br />
| Years_active = 1996 &ndash; present<br />
| Origin = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Escatawpa]], [[Mississippi]], [[United States]] <br />
| Genre = [[Alternative rock]], [[Post-grunge]], [[Hard rock]], [[Southern rock]] <br />
| Label = [[Universal Records]]<br />
| Associated_Acts = [[Puddle of Mudd]]<br>[[Nickelback]]<br />
| Current_members = [[Brad Arnold]]<br />[[Matt Roberts]]<br />[[Todd Harrell]]<br />[[Chris Henderson (musician)|Chris Henderson]]<br />[[Greg Upchurch]] <br />
| Past_members = [[Richard Liles]]<br />[[Daniel Adair]]<br />
| URL = [http://www.3doorsdown.com Official Website]<br />
}}<br />
'''3 Doors Down''' is an [[United States|American]] [[alternative rock]] band formed in {{city-state|Escatawpa|Mississippi}} in 1994 by [[Brad Arnold]] ([[vocals]] and [[drums]]), [[Matt Roberts]] ([[guitar]]) and [[Todd Harrell]] ([[bass guitar|bass]]).<ref name="amg">{{cite web | url=http://www.allmusicguide.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:7md0ylk2xpnb~T1 | title=3 Doors Down > Biography | accessdate=2007-02-07 | author=Proefrock, Stacia | publisher=[[All Music Guide]]}}</ref> The band signed to [[Universal Records]] after the success of their song "[[Kryptonite (song)|Kryptonite]]". <br />
<br />
==Band history==<br />
[[Brad Arnold]] is the vocalist for the band and played the drums on the studio recording of their album ''[[The Better Life]]''. He started singing full time for the band after a gig where no one else would sing except him and he found he enjoyed it.<ref name="tv">{{cite web | url=http://www.tv.com/3-doors-down/person/168140/summary.html?q= | title=3 Doors Down Information | accessdate=2007-03-07 | publisher=TV.com}}</ref> <br />
<br />
''[[The Better Life]]'' was released in [[2000 in music|2000]] and has since been certified 6x Platinum thanks to the international hit singles, "[[Kryptonite (song)|Kryptonite]]", "[[Loser (3 Doors Down song)|Loser]]", and "[[Duck and Run]]". The song "Be Like That" was also featured in the film [[American Pie 2]].<br />
<br />
The band's second studio album, ''[[Away from the Sun]]'', was released in 2002 and since been certified 4x Platinum in the United States and Platinum in Australia. "[[Here Without You]]" and "[[When I'm Gone]]" proved to be the most successful singles from that album. "The Road I'm On" and "Away from the Sun" also charted with less success.<br />
<br />
[[Josh Freese]] contributed drums for ''[[Away from the Sun]]''. [[Rush (band)|Rush]] guitarist [[Alex Lifeson]] produced and played on 3 tracks for the record, "Dangerous Game", "Dead Love", and "Wasted Me" (only "Dangerous Game" appeared on the album). Daniel Adair was the drummer on ''Seventeen Days'' and during the ''Away from the Sun'' tour.<br />
<br />
The band released a live EP ''[[Another 700 Miles]]'' in 2003 which consists of part of a live performance by the band on their ''Away from the Sun'' tour in Chicago. ''Another 700 Miles'' has since been certified Gold.<br />
<br />
The band's latest release, 2005's ''[[Seventeen Days]]'', has since been certified Platinum. "[[Let Me Go]]" and "[[Behind Those Eyes]]" charted with the most success. "[[Live for Today]]", "[[Landing in London]]" (on which [[Bob Seger]] provided back-up vocals and guitar), and "[[Here by Me]]" were also released as singles.<br />
<br />
[[Greg Upchurch]], formerly of [[Puddle of Mudd]], is the drummer who replaced [[Daniel Adair]] in 2005. Adair left to be the drummer for [[Nickelback]].<br />
<br />
Also, In 2005 the band released a "live" DVD titled "Away from the Sun "LIVE" from Houston, Texas". The DVD was produced and directed by Academy Award nominated [[Alex Gibney]] and Doug Biro. It was released by Monster Music in 2005.<br />
<br />
==Recent news==<br />
<br />
3 Doors Down are currently "Back in the studio" <ref>(as announced on their MySpace page in May 2007)</ref> On their Homepage it says that a "New Album From 3DD Coming Later This Year" will be released this fall. <br />
<p>At a Hard Rock show on the 6/7/2007 3 Doors Down performed two new songs, the first entitled "Put Me On A Train" has an impressive bluesy feel to it, while the second song, "When It's Over", seems as though 3 Doors Down are going back to their original musical roots. In 2006 the new song "I Won't Go" was also performed on the Seventeen Days Tour.</p><br />
For more recent news and announcements, check [http://www.myspace.com/3doorsdown the band's webpage ] at [[MySpace]].<br />
<br />
==Discography==<br />
===Studio albums===<br />
*''[[3 Doors Down (album)|3 Doors Down]]'' (1997) - Self released<br />
*''[[The Better Life]]'' ([[February 8]] [[2000]]) - #7 U.S. - 6x Platinum<br />
*''[[Away from the Sun]]'' ([[November 12]] [[2002]]) - #2 U.S. - 4x Platinum, #8 AUS - Platinum<br />
*''[[Seventeen Days]]'' ([[February 8]] [[2005]]) - #1 U.S. - Platinum<br />
*''Fourth Studio Album - Fall 2007<br />
<br />
===Live albums===<br />
*''[[Another 700 Miles]]'' ([[November 11]] [[2003]], EP) - #23 U.S. - Gold<br />
*''[[Landing in London#Landing in London - Live|Landing in London - Live]]'' ([[Summer]] [[2006]], Live EP)<br />
<br />
===Virtual albums===<br />
*[[iTunes Originals – 3 Doors Down]]<br />
<br />
===DVDs===<br />
*''3 Doors Down: One Red Light'' (November 2004)<br />
*''3 Doors Down Live In Houston Texas - Away From The Sun'' (2005, [[Monster Music]])<br />
*''3 Doors Down, "Behind Those Eyes"''—a documentary by Alex Gibney which films the transition of the band from the "Away From The Sun" tour's last two dates in Houston, TX and Jackson, MS, through the recording of "Seventeen Days" at Ocean Way recording studio in Nashville, TN and through the grueling, hurricane-plagued, "Seventeen Days" tour...ending with, drummer, Greg Upchurch's call to get home to witness the birth of his first child...a son...named, Jackson. (Still in production)<br />
*The band produced their own live performance DVD of the unexpected end to their "Seventeen Days" tour. (Still unreleased)<br />
<br />
===Singles===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!align="center" valign="top" width="40"|Year<br />
!align="left" valign="top" width="210"|Song<br />
!align="center" valign="top" width="40"|<small>[[Billboard Hot 100|U.S. Hot 100]]<small><br />
!align="center" valign="top" width="80"|<small>[[Modern Rock Tracks chart|U.S. Modern Rock]]<small><br />
!align="center" valign="top" width="80"|<small>[[Mainstream Rock Tracks chart|U.S. Mainstream Rock]]<small><br />
!align="center" valign="top" width="40"|<small>[[Pop 100|U.S. Pop 100]]<small><br />
!align="center" valign="top" width="40"|<small>[[Hot AC]]<small><br />
!align="center" valign="top" width="40"|<small>[[Germany]]<small><br />
!align="center" valign="top" width="40"|<small>[[Australia]]<small><br />
!align="center" valign="top" width="40"|<small>[[Hot Digital Tracks]]<small><br />
!align="left" valign="top"|Album<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2000<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"[[Kryptonite (song)|Kryptonite]]"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|3<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|'''1''' <small>(11 weeks)</small><br />
|align="center" valign="top"|'''1''' <small>(9 weeks)</small><br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|3<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|85<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|8<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''[[The Better Life]]''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2000<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"[[Loser (3 Doors Down song)|Loser]]"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|55<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|'''1''' <small>(21 weeks)</small><br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|78<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''The Better Life''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2001<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"Duck and Run"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|11<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|'''1''' <small>(3 weeks)</small><br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''The Better Life''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2001<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"Be Like That"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|10<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''The Better Life''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2003<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"[[When I'm Gone (3 Doors Down song)|When I'm Gone]]"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|4<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|'''1''' <small>(17 weeks)</small><br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|3<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''[[Away from the Sun]]''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2003<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"The Road I'm On"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|24<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|8<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''Away from the Sun''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2003<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"[[Here Without You]]"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|5<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|22<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|14<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|'''1''' <small>(14 weeks)</small><br />
|align="center" valign="top"|23<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''Away from the Sun''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2004<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"Away from the Sun"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|62<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|33<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|20<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|5<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''Away from the Sun''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2005<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"[[Let Me Go (3 Doors Down song)|Let Me Go]]"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|14<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|14<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|6<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|8<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|3<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|55<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|24<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''[[Seventeen Days]]''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2005<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"[[Behind Those Eyes]]"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|25<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|12<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|33<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''Seventeen Days''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2005<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"Live for Today"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|31<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|18<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''Seventeen Days''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2005<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"Here by Me"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|81<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''Seventeen Days''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2006<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"[[Landing in London]]" ''<small>(ft. [[Bob Seger]])</small>''<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|32<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|32<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''Seventeen Days''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.3doorsdown.com Official site]<br />
* [http://www.myspace.com/3doorsdown Official 3 Doors Down Myspace Site]<br />
* [http://www.thebackstagepass.ca/interviews.html 3 Doors Down interview on The BackStage Pass internet radio show]<br />
* {{Last.fm|3+Doors+Down}}<br />
* [http://www.wikimusicguide.com/3_Doors_Down 3 Doors Down at WikiMusicGuide]<br />
<br />
{{3 Doors Down}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1990s music groups]]<br />
[[Category:2000s music groups]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1994]]<br />
[[Category:Alternative musical groups]]<br />
[[Category:American rock music groups]]<br />
[[Category:Mississippi musical groups]]<br />
[[Category:Post-grunge groups]]<br />
<br />
[[da:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[de:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[et:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[fr:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[ko:3 도어스 다운]]<br />
[[it:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[he:3 דורז דאון]]<br />
[[nl:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[ja:3ドアーズ・ダウン]]<br />
[[no:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[pl:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[pt:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[sk:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[fi:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[sv:3 Doors Down]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3_Doors_Down&diff=1557606673 Doors Down2007-09-05T02:43:20Z<p>Matty j: /* Band history */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox musical artist<br />
| Background = group_or_band<br />
| Name = 3 Doors Down<br />
| Img =|250px]]<br />
| Years_active = 1996 &ndash; present<br />
| Origin = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Escatawpa]], [[Mississippi]], [[United States]] <br />
| Genre = [[Alternative rock]], [[Post-grunge]], [[Hard rock]], [[Southern rock]] <br />
| Label = [[Universal Records]]<br />
| Associated_Acts = [[Puddle of Mudd]]<br>[[Nickelback]]<br />
| Current_members = [[Brad Arnold]]<br />[[Matt Roberts]]<br />[[Todd Harrell]]<br />[[Chris Henderson (musician)|Chris Henderson]]<br />[[Greg Upchurch]] <br />
| Past_members = [[Richard Liles]]<br />[[Daniel Adair]]<br />
| URL = [http://www.3doorsdown.com Official Website]<br />
}}<br />
'''3 Doors Down''' is an [[United States|American]] [[alternative rock]] band formed in {{city-state|Escatawpa|Mississippi}} in 1994 by [[Brad Arnold]] ([[vocals]] and [[drums]]), [[Matt Roberts]] ([[guitar]]) and [[Todd Harrell]] ([[bass guitar|bass]]).<ref name="amg">{{cite web | url=http://www.allmusicguide.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:7md0ylk2xpnb~T1 | title=3 Doors Down > Biography | accessdate=2007-02-07 | author=Proefrock, Stacia | publisher=[[All Music Guide]]}}</ref> The band signed to [[Universal Records]] after the success of their song "[[Kryptonite (song)|Kryptonite]]". <br />
<br />
==Band history==<br />
[[Brad Arnold]] is the vocalist for the band and played the drums on the studio recording of their album ''[[The Better Life]]''. He started singing full time for the band after a gig where no one else would sing except him and he found he enjoyed it.<ref name="tv">{{cite web | url=http://www.tv.com/3-doors-down/person/168140/summary.html?q= | title=3 Doors Down Information | accessdate=2007-03-07 | publisher=TV.com}}</ref> <br />
<br />
''[[The Better Life]]'' was released in [[2000 in music|2000]] and has since been certified 6x Platinum thanks to the international hit singles, "[[Kryptonite (song)|Kryptonite]]", "[[Loser]]", and "[[Duck and Run]]". The song "Be Like That" was also featured in the film [[American Pie 2]].<br />
<br />
The band's second studio album, ''[[Away from the Sun]]'', was released in 2002 and since been certified 4x Platinum in the United States and Platinum in Australia. "[[Here Without You]]" and "[[When I'm Gone]]" proved to be the most successful singles from that album. "The Road I'm On" and "Away from the Sun" also charted with less success.<br />
<br />
[[Josh Freese]] contributed drums for ''[[Away from the Sun]]''. [[Rush (band)|Rush]] guitarist [[Alex Lifeson]] produced and played on 3 tracks for the record, "Dangerous Game", "Dead Love", and "Wasted Me" (only "Dangerous Game" appeared on the album). Daniel Adair was the drummer on ''Seventeen Days'' and during the ''Away from the Sun'' tour.<br />
<br />
The band released a live EP ''[[Another 700 Miles]]'' in 2003 which consists of part of a live performance by the band on their ''Away from the Sun'' tour in Chicago. ''Another 700 Miles'' has since been certified Gold.<br />
<br />
The band's latest release, 2005's ''[[Seventeen Days]]'', has since been certified Platinum. "[[Let Me Go]]" and "[[Behind Those Eyes]]" charted with the most success. "[[Live for Today]]", "[[Landing in London]]" (on which [[Bob Seger]] provided back-up vocals and guitar), and "[[Here by Me]]" were also released as singles.<br />
<br />
[[Greg Upchurch]], formerly of [[Puddle of Mudd]], is the drummer who replaced [[Daniel Adair]] in 2005. Adair left to be the drummer for [[Nickelback]].<br />
<br />
Also, In 2005 the band released a "live" DVD titled "Away from the Sun "LIVE" from Houston, Texas". The DVD was produced and directed by Academy Award nominated [[Alex Gibney]] and Doug Biro. It was released by Monster Music in 2005.<br />
<br />
==Recent news==<br />
<br />
3 Doors Down are currently "Back in the studio" <ref>(as announced on their MySpace page in May 2007)</ref> On their Homepage it says that a "New Album From 3DD Coming Later This Year" will be released this fall. <br />
<p>At a Hard Rock show on the 6/7/2007 3 Doors Down performed two new songs, the first entitled "Put Me On A Train" has an impressive bluesy feel to it, while the second song, "When It's Over", seems as though 3 Doors Down are going back to their original musical roots. In 2006 the new song "I Won't Go" was also performed on the Seventeen Days Tour.</p><br />
For more recent news and announcements, check [http://www.myspace.com/3doorsdown the band's webpage ] at [[MySpace]].<br />
<br />
==Discography==<br />
===Studio albums===<br />
*''[[3 Doors Down (album)|3 Doors Down]]'' (1997) - Self released<br />
*''[[The Better Life]]'' ([[February 8]] [[2000]]) - #7 U.S. - 6x Platinum<br />
*''[[Away from the Sun]]'' ([[November 12]] [[2002]]) - #2 U.S. - 4x Platinum, #8 AUS - Platinum<br />
*''[[Seventeen Days]]'' ([[February 8]] [[2005]]) - #1 U.S. - Platinum<br />
*''Fourth Studio Album - Fall 2007<br />
<br />
===Live albums===<br />
*''[[Another 700 Miles]]'' ([[November 11]] [[2003]], EP) - #23 U.S. - Gold<br />
*''[[Landing in London#Landing in London - Live|Landing in London - Live]]'' ([[Summer]] [[2006]], Live EP)<br />
<br />
===Virtual albums===<br />
*[[iTunes Originals – 3 Doors Down]]<br />
<br />
===DVDs===<br />
*''3 Doors Down: One Red Light'' (November 2004)<br />
*''3 Doors Down Live In Houston Texas - Away From The Sun'' (2005, [[Monster Music]])<br />
*''3 Doors Down, "Behind Those Eyes"''—a documentary by Alex Gibney which films the transition of the band from the "Away From The Sun" tour's last two dates in Houston, TX and Jackson, MS, through the recording of "Seventeen Days" at Ocean Way recording studio in Nashville, TN and through the grueling, hurricane-plagued, "Seventeen Days" tour...ending with, drummer, Greg Upchurch's call to get home to witness the birth of his first child...a son...named, Jackson. (Still in production)<br />
*The band produced their own live performance DVD of the unexpected end to their "Seventeen Days" tour. (Still unreleased)<br />
<br />
===Singles===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!align="center" valign="top" width="40"|Year<br />
!align="left" valign="top" width="210"|Song<br />
!align="center" valign="top" width="40"|<small>[[Billboard Hot 100|U.S. Hot 100]]<small><br />
!align="center" valign="top" width="80"|<small>[[Modern Rock Tracks chart|U.S. Modern Rock]]<small><br />
!align="center" valign="top" width="80"|<small>[[Mainstream Rock Tracks chart|U.S. Mainstream Rock]]<small><br />
!align="center" valign="top" width="40"|<small>[[Pop 100|U.S. Pop 100]]<small><br />
!align="center" valign="top" width="40"|<small>[[Hot AC]]<small><br />
!align="center" valign="top" width="40"|<small>[[Germany]]<small><br />
!align="center" valign="top" width="40"|<small>[[Australia]]<small><br />
!align="center" valign="top" width="40"|<small>[[Hot Digital Tracks]]<small><br />
!align="left" valign="top"|Album<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2000<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"[[Kryptonite (song)|Kryptonite]]"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|3<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|'''1''' <small>(11 weeks)</small><br />
|align="center" valign="top"|'''1''' <small>(9 weeks)</small><br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|3<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|85<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|8<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''[[The Better Life]]''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2000<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"[[Loser (3 Doors Down song)|Loser]]"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|55<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|'''1''' <small>(21 weeks)</small><br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|78<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''The Better Life''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2001<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"Duck and Run"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|11<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|'''1''' <small>(3 weeks)</small><br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''The Better Life''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2001<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"Be Like That"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|10<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''The Better Life''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2003<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"[[When I'm Gone (3 Doors Down song)|When I'm Gone]]"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|4<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|'''1''' <small>(17 weeks)</small><br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|3<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''[[Away from the Sun]]''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2003<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"The Road I'm On"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|24<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|8<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''Away from the Sun''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2003<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"[[Here Without You]]"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|5<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|22<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|14<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|'''1''' <small>(14 weeks)</small><br />
|align="center" valign="top"|23<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''Away from the Sun''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2004<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"Away from the Sun"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|62<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|33<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|20<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|5<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''Away from the Sun''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2005<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"[[Let Me Go (3 Doors Down song)|Let Me Go]]"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|14<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|14<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|6<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|8<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|3<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|55<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|24<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''[[Seventeen Days]]''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2005<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"[[Behind Those Eyes]]"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|25<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|12<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|33<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''Seventeen Days''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2005<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"Live for Today"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|31<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|18<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''Seventeen Days''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2005<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"Here by Me"<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|81<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''Seventeen Days''<br />
|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|2006<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|"[[Landing in London]]" ''<small>(ft. [[Bob Seger]])</small>''<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|32<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|32<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="center" valign="top"|-<br />
|align="left" valign="top"|''Seventeen Days''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.3doorsdown.com Official site]<br />
* [http://www.myspace.com/3doorsdown Official 3 Doors Down Myspace Site]<br />
* [http://www.thebackstagepass.ca/interviews.html 3 Doors Down interview on The BackStage Pass internet radio show]<br />
* {{Last.fm|3+Doors+Down}}<br />
* [http://www.wikimusicguide.com/3_Doors_Down 3 Doors Down at WikiMusicGuide]<br />
<br />
{{3 Doors Down}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1990s music groups]]<br />
[[Category:2000s music groups]]<br />
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1994]]<br />
[[Category:Alternative musical groups]]<br />
[[Category:American rock music groups]]<br />
[[Category:Mississippi musical groups]]<br />
[[Category:Post-grunge groups]]<br />
<br />
[[da:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[de:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[et:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[fr:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[ko:3 도어스 다운]]<br />
[[it:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[he:3 דורז דאון]]<br />
[[nl:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[ja:3ドアーズ・ダウン]]<br />
[[no:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[pl:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[pt:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[sk:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[fi:3 Doors Down]]<br />
[[sv:3 Doors Down]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Matty_j&diff=153958157User:Matty j2007-08-27T14:35:36Z<p>Matty j: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Matthew Douglas Johnston''' is a 25-year-old [[Canada|Canadian]] citizen, [[student]] and compulsive [[Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedian]]. His hobbies and interests include [[literature|reading]], playing the [[guitar]], [[philosophy]], [[running]], [[baseball]] and [[mathematics]].<br />
<br />
Matthew was born in [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], [[Ontario]], and raised in [[Burford, Ontario|Burford]], a small rural community in [[Brant County, Ontario|Brant County]]. He is currently working toward his [[Ph.D.]] in [[applied mathematics]] at the [[University of Waterloo]].<br />
<br />
A few of Matthew's '''favourite things''' include: [[Image:MatthewDJohnston.jpg|thumbnail|right|Matthew Douglas Johnston at home]]<br />
<br><br />
'''Colour''': [[Blue]]<br><br />
'''Number''': [[Twelve]]<br><br />
'''Food''': [[Steak]], medium-well<br><br />
'''Alcoholic beverage''': [[Sleeman's]] [[Cream Ale]]<br><br />
'''Non-alcoholic beverage''': [[Dr. Pepper]]<br><br />
'''Bands''': [[Stone Temple Pilots]], [[Linkin Park]], [[Velvet Revolver]], [[Soundgarden]], [[System of a Down]]<br><br />
'''Song''': ''[[Trippin' On A Hole In A Paper Heart]]'' - Stone Temple Pilots<br><br />
'''Movies''': ''[[Memento]]'', ''[[A Clockwork Orange]]''<br><br />
'''Book''': ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]'' - [[George Orwell]]<br><br />
'''Author''': [[John Grisham]]<br><br />
== Pages Matthew has added or significantly contributed to: ==<br />
=== Baseball: === <br />
<small><br />
[[1992 World Series]] - <br />
[[1993 World Series]] - <br />
[[Roberto Alomar]] - <br />
[[Brady Anderson]] - <br />
[[Miguel Batista]] - <br />
[[Jake Beckley]] - <br />
[[Pat Borders]] - <br />
[[Jim Bottomley]] - <br />
[[Lou Boudreau]] - <br />
[[Dan Brouthers]] - <br />
[[Mordecai Brown]] - <br />
[[Jay Buhner]] - <br />
[[Jesse Burkett]] - <br />
[[Bullpen]] - <br />
[[Max Carey]] - <br />
[[Gary Carter]] - <br />
[[Frank Chance]] - <br />
[[Jack Chesbro]] - <br />
[[Jim Clancy]] - <br />
[[Fred Clarke]] - <br />
[[John Clarkson]] - <br />
[[Closer (baseball)|Closer]] - <br />
[[Eddie Collins]] - <br />
[[Jimmy Collins]] - <br />
[[David Cone]] - <br />
[[Jocko Conlan]] - <br />
[[Earle Combs]] - <br />
[[Charles Comiskey]] - <br />
[[Roger Connor]] - <br />
[[Stan Coveleski]] - <br />
[[Joe Cronin]] - <br />
[[Candy Cummings]] - <br />
[[Kiki Cuyler]] - <br />
[[George Davis (baseball player)|George Davis]] - <br />
[[Bill Dickey]] - <br />
[[Bobby Doerr]] - <br />
[[Doug Drabek]] - <br />
[[Hugh Duffy]] - <br />
[[Dugout (baseball)|Dugout]] - <br />
[[Leo Durocher]] - <br />
[[Dennis Eckersley]] - <br />
[[Expanded roster]] - <br />
[[Darrin Fletcher]] - <br />
[[Damaso Garcia]] - <br />
[[Cito Gaston]] - <br />
[[General manager (baseball)|General manager]] - <br />
[[Jason Giambi]] - <br />
[[Pat Gillick]] - <br />
[[Tom Glavine]] - <br />
[[Juan Gonzalez]] - <br />
[[Goose Goslin]] - <br />
[[Shawn Green]] - <br />
[[Alfredo Griffin]] - <br />
[[Clark Griffith]] - <br />
[[Kelly Gruber]] - <br />
[[Vladimir Guerrero]] - <br />
[[Chick Hafey]] - <br />
[[Jesse Haines]] - <br />
[[Billy Hamilton (baseball player)|Billy Hamilton]] - <br />
[[Hank Aaron Award]] - <br />
[[Ned Hanlon (baseball)|Ned Hanlon]] - <br />
[[Tom Henke]] - <br />
[[Pat Hentgen]] - <br />
[[Billy Herman]] - <br />
[[Eric Hinske]] - <br />
[[Hitting for the cycle]] - <br />
[[Hold (baseball statistics)|Hold]] - <br />
[[Harry Hooper]] - <br />
[[Miller Huggins]] - <br />
[[Interleague play]] - <br />
[[Travis Jackson]] - <br />
[[Randy Johnson]] - <br />
[[Addie Joss]] - <br />
[[Tim Keefe]] - <br />
[[Joe Kelley]] - <br />
[[George Kelly (baseball player)|George Kelly]] - <br />
[[King Kelly]] - <br />
[[Jeff Kent]] - <br />
[[Jimmy Key]] - <br />
[[Billy Koch]] - <br />
[[Corey Koskie]] - <br />
[[Tommy Lasorda]] - <br />
[[Tony Lazzeri]] - <br />
[[Left-handed specialist]] -<br />
[[Freddie Lindstrom]] - <br />
[[Ernie Lombardi]] - <br />
[[Al Lopez]] - <br />
[[Derek Lowe]] - <br />
[[Ted Lyons]] - <br />
[[Manager (baseball)|Manager]] - <br />
[[Heinie Manush]] - <br />
[[Rabbit Maranville]] - <br />
[[Juan Marichal]] - <br />
[[Buck Martinez]] - <br />
[[Bill Mazeroski]] - <br />
[[Tommy McCarthy]] - <br />
[[Jack McDowell]] - <br />
[[Joe McGinnity]] - <br />
[[John McGraw (baseball)|John McGraw]] - <br />
[[Bill McKechnie]] - <br />
[[Bid McPhee]] - <br />
[[Middle relief pitcher]] - <br />
[[Lloyd Moseby]] - <br />
[[Rance Mulliniks]] - <br />
[[Eddie Murray]] - <br />
[[Kid Nichols]] - <br />
[[Herb Pennock]] - <br />
[[Eddie Plank]] - <br />
[[Paul Quantrill]] - <br />
[[Charles Radbourn]] - <br />
[[J. P. Ricciardi]] - <br />
[[Sam Rice]] - <br />
[[Alexis Rios]] - <br />
[[Eppa Rixey]] - <br />
[[Edd Roush]] - <br />
[[Red Ruffing]] - <br />
[[Amos Rusie]] - <br />
[[Bret Saberhagen]] - <br />
[[Ray Schalk]] - <br />
[[Joe Sewell]] - <br />
[[John Smoltz]] - <br />
[[Duke Snider]] - <br />
[[Ed Sprague (MLB third baseman)|Ed Sprague]] - <br />
[[Spring training]] - <br />
[[Dave Stewart (baseball player)|Dave Stewart]] - <br />
[[Shannon Stewart]] - <br />
[[The Sporting News Reliever of the Year Award]] - <br />
[[Bill Terry]] - <br />
[[Sam Thompson]] - <br />
[[Umpire (baseball)|Umpire]] - <br />
[[Dazzy Vance]] - <br />
[[Arky Vaughan]] - <br />
[[Mo Vaughn]] - <br />
[[Larry Walker]] - <br />
[[Bobby Wallace (baseball)|Bobby Wallace]] - <br />
[[Ed Walsh]] - <br />
[[Lloyd Waner]] - <br />
[[Duane Ward]] - <br />
[[Monte Ward]] - <br />
[[Mickey Welch]] - <br />
[[Vernon Wells]] - <br />
[[Zack Wheat]] - <br />
[[Ernie Whitt]] - <br />
[[Vic Willis]] - <br />
[[George Wright (baseball)|George Wright]] - <br />
[[Harry Wright]] - <br />
[[Ross Youngs]]<br />
</small><br />
<br />
=== Mathematics: === <br />
<small><br />
[[Projected dynamical system]] - <br />
[[Variational inequality]]<br />
</small><br />
<br />
=== Geography (local interest):=== <br />
<small>[[Brant County, Ontario]] - <br />
[[Brantford Expositor]] - <br />
[[Burford, Ontario]] - <br />
[[Burford District Elementary School]] - <br />
[[Guelph Mercury]] - <br />
[[Ontario Agricultural College]] - <br />
[[University of Guelph]]<br />
</small><br />
<br />
=== Film/Novel/Entertainment: ===<br />
<small><br />
[[A Prayer for Owen Meany]] - <br />
[[A Simple Plan]] - <br />
[[Get Shorty]] - <br />
[[Misery]]<br />
</small><br />
<br />
=== Miscellaneous: ===<br />
<small><br />
[[1995 Quebec referendum]] (started) - <br />
[[William Aberhart]] - <br />
[[Hal Ashby]] - <br />
[[Glenn Beck]] - <br />
[[Lynn Bowering]] - <br />
[[Kurt Browning]] - <br />
[[Dalton Camp]] - <br />
[[CFPL-FM|FM96]] - <br />
[[Brock Chisholm]] - <br />
[[Clarity Act]] - <br />
[[Michael Coren]] - <br />
[[Michael Coren Live]] - <br />
[[Helen-Anne Embry]] - <br />
[[John Charles Fields]] - <br />
[[Handlebar moustache]] - <br />
[[Joe Hueglin]] - <br />
[[Internet Movie Database]] - <br />
[[Elmore Leonard]] - <br />
[[List of game show hosts]] - <br />
[[Gregory Martin]] - <br />
[[Miniature golf]] - <br />
[[Osprey Media Group Inc.]] - <br />
[[Steve Paikin]] - <br />
[[Richard Roeper]] - <br />
[[Brit Selby]] - <br />
[[Bob Speller]] - <br />
[[Lloyd St. Amand]] - <br />
[[Sun Media]] - <br />
[[The Sporting News]] - <br />
[[Toronto Sun]] - <br />
[[Truism]] - <br />
[[Chuck Woolery]]<br />
</small><br />
<br />
[[Category:Wikipedians in Ontario|Matty j]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=September_call-up&diff=153841053September call-up2007-08-26T23:57:07Z<p>Matty j: ←Redirected page to Major League Baseball transactions#25-man and 40-man roster</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Major League Baseball transactions#25-man and 40-man roster]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Expanded_roster&diff=153840966Expanded roster2007-08-26T23:56:33Z<p>Matty j: ←Redirected page to Major League Baseball transactions#25-man and 40-man roster</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Major League Baseball transactions#25-man and 40-man roster]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_baseball_(R)&diff=153840748Glossary of baseball (R)2007-08-26T23:55:13Z<p>Matty j: /* rookie */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Main|List of baseball jargon}}<br />
<br />
=====rabbit ears=====<br />
:Indicates a participant in the game who hears things perhaps too well for his own good. A player who becomes nervous or chokes when opposing players or fans yell at or razz him is said to have "rabbit ears". Also, an umpire who picks up on every complaint hurled at him from the [[dugout (baseball)|dugouts]] is described this way.<br />
<br />
=====rag arm=====<br />
:A player, typically a pitcher, with a weak arm. "I hope the Cardinals did not give up an actual Major League player for this rag arm home run machine."<ref>http://www.stltoday.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=463939&sid=29c69422bd8a89e3c3acdee7e5444100</ref><br />
<br />
=====rain delay=====<br />
:Rain ''delay'' refers to situations when a game starts late due to rain or is temporarily suspended due to rain. A game that is suspended after it has begun may be resumed either the same day or at a later date. A game that never begins, or that is canceled after it begins due to rainy weather is a [[Rainout (baseball)|rainout]] and in most cases will be rescheduled for a later date – a [[List of baseball jargon (M)#make-up game|make-up date]].<br />
<br />
=====rainbow=====<br />
:A [[List of baseball jargon (C)#curveball|curveball]] with a high arc in its path to the [[List of baseball jargon (H)#home plate|plate]].<br />
<br />
=====[[Rainout (baseball)|rainout]]=====<br />
{{main|Rainout (baseball)}}<br />
:A rainout refers to a game that is canceled or stopped in progress due to rain. Generally, Major League Baseball teams will continue play in light to moderate rain but will suspend play if it is raining heavily or if there is standing water on the field. Games can also be delayed or canceled for other forms of inclement weather, or if the field is found to be unfit for play. If a game is rained out before play begins, a [[List of baseball jargon (M)#make-up game|make-up game]] is rescheduled for a later date. If a game is called after play begins but before 4 1/2 innings have been completed (if the home team is ahead) or five innings have been completed (if the visitors are ahead or the game is tied), the game is not an official game. The umpire declares "No Game," the game is played in its entirety at a later date, and statistics compiled during the game are not counted. Games that are stopped after they become official games count in the standings (unless the game is tied, in which case it is replayed from the beginning), and statistics compiled during the game are counted.<br />
<br />
=====rake=====<br />
:To really hit the ball hard, all over the park. When you're raking, you're hitting very well.<br />
<br />
=====[[rally cap]]=====<br />
{{main|Rally cap}}<br />
:A [[Baseball cap|cap]] worn backwards, sideways, or inside-out by fans or players to bring a "rally." Said to have originated by fans of the [[New York Mets]] during the 1985 baseball season, when the Mets captured several dramatic come-from-behind victories, and spread to the players themselves sometime during the 1986 season. It rose to national awareness during the [[1986 World Series]]. The Mets were down three games to two and losing the deciding game to the [[Red Sox]], when in the seventh inning, television cameras showed some of the [[New York Mets]] players in the [[List of baseball jargon (D)#dugout|dugout]] wearing their caps inside-out. The team rallied to win the game and the series.<br />
<br />
=====range=====<br />
:A [[List of baseball jargon (F)#fielder|fielder's]] ability to move from his position to field a ball in play.<br />
<br />
=====[[RBI]]=====<br />
{{main|RBI}}<br />
:*An RBI or "run batted in" is a [[List of baseball jargon (R)#run|run]] scored as a result of a [[List of baseball jargon (H)#hit|hit]]; a bases-filled [[List of baseball jargon (W)#walk|walk]] or hit-by-pitch or awarding of first base due to interference; a sacrifice; or a single-out fielder's choice (not a double play).<br />
:*Official credit to a [[List of baseball jargon (B)#batter|batter]] for driving in a run.<br />
<br />
=====[[RBI]] situation=====<br />
:[[List of baseball jargon (B)#baserunner|Runners]] in [[List of baseball jargon (S)#scoring position|scoring position]].<br />
<br />
=====receiver=====<br />
:Another term for [[Catcher|catcher]]. Also [[List of baseball jargon (B)#backstop|backstop]], signal caller.<br />
<br />
=====regulation game=====<br />
:A standard [[baseball]] game lasts nine [[List of baseball jargon (I)#inning|innings]], although some leagues (such as high school baseball) use seven-inning games. The team with the most runs at the end of the game wins. If the home team is ahead after eight-and-a-half innings have been played, it is declared the winner, and the last half-inning is not played. If the home team is trailing or tied in the last inning and they score to take the lead, the game ends as soon as the winning run touches [[List of baseball jargon (H)#home|home plate]]; however, if the last batter hits a [[List of baseball jargon (H)#home run|home run]] to win the game, he and any runners on base are all permitted to score.<br />
<br />
:If both teams have scored the same number of runs at the end of a regular-length game, a tie is avoided by the addition of [[List of baseball jargon (E)#extra innings|extra innings]].<ref>As an exception, the [[Israel Baseball League]] plays 7-inning games, and if the teams are tied at the end of the 7th inning the tie is broken by use of a [[Home run derby|home run derby]]. See [[Nate Silver]], "L’Chayim to the IBL," [http://baseballprospectus.com/unfiltered/?p=432 [[Baseball Prospectus|BaseballProspectus/Unfiltered]] July 2, 2007].</ref> As many innings as necessary are played until one team has the lead at the end of an inning. Thus, the home team always has a chance to respond if the visiting team scores in the top half of the inning; this gives the home team a small tactical advantage. In theory, a baseball game could go on forever; in practice, however, they eventually end (although see [[Longest professional baseball game]]). In addition to that rule, a game might theoretically end if both the home and away team were to run out of players to substitute.<br />
<br />
=====relay=====<br />
:A defensive technique where the ball is thrown by an [[List of baseball jargon (O)#outfielder|outfielder]] to an [[List of baseball jargon (I)#infielder|infielder]] who then throws to the final target. This is done because accurate throws are more difficult over long distances and the ball loses a considerable amount of speed the farther it must be thrown. Also [[List of baseball jargon (C)#cut-off|cut-off]].<br />
<br />
=====[[relief pitcher]]=====<br />
{{main|Relief pitcher}}<br />
:A relief pitcher or reliever is a [[List of baseball jargon (P)#pitcher|pitcher]] brought in the game as a substitute for (i.e., "to relieve") another pitcher.<br />
<br />
=====reliever=====<br />
:[[Relief pitcher]].<br />
<br />
=====retire the runner=====<br />
:To throw the runner out at a base.<br />
<br />
=====retire the side=====<br />
:See [[List of baseball jargon (S)#side retired|side retired]].<br />
<br />
=====rhubarb=====<br />
:An argument or fight in a baseball game. Hence, ''Rhubarb'', a novel by [[H. Allen Smith]].<br />
<br />
=====ribbie, ribeye=====<br />
:Slang for a [[List of baseball jargon (R)#RBI|run batted in]] (RBI).<br />
<br />
=====rifle=====<br />
:*A very strong arm. A canon, a bazooka, a gun. Also used as a verb, "He rifled the ball home to catch the runner."<br />
:*A batter can also be said to rifle a ball when he hits a hard [[List of baseball jargon (L)#line drive|line drive]]. "Griffey ''rifles'' the ball . . . ''foul,'' just outside first base."<br />
<br />
=====ring him up=====<br />
:A [[List of baseball jargon (S)#strikeout|strikeout]]. The phrase is probably drawn by analogy to cashiers who ring up the total on the cash register when a customer is ready to pay up. It also comes from the "cha-ching" motion that plate umpires use to signal a strikeout.<br />
<br />
=====rip=====<br />
:*To hit a hard line drive, as in "He ripped a single through the right side."<br />
:*A hard swing, usually one that misses the ball: "Reyes took a good rip at that pitch."<br />
<br />
=====RISP=====<br />
:Acronym for '''R'''unners '''I'''n '''S'''coring '''P'''osition. See [[List of baseball jargon (R)#runners in scoring position|runners in scoring position]].<br />
<br />
=====road game=====<br />
:A game played away from a baseball club's home stadium. When a team plays away from home, it's on a "road trip" and is the "visiting team" at the home stadium of another team.<br />
<br />
=====road trip=====<br />
:A series of road games or [[List of baseball jargon (A)#away|away games]] occurs on a road trip, a term derived from the days when teams indeed traveled from one town to another by roadway or railroad.<br />
<br />
=====ROOGY=====<br />
: A slightly derogatory acronym for a right-handed [[relief pitcher|relief specialist]]. Stands for "'''R'''ighty '''O'''ne '''O'''ut '''G'''u'''Y'''".<br />
<br />
=====rookie=====<br />
:Conventionally, rookie is a term for athletes in their first year of play in their sport. In Major League Baseball, special rules apply for eligibility for the [[MLB Rookie of the Year Award|Rookie of the Year award]] in each league. To be eligible, a player must have accumulated, ''prior'' to the current season:<br />
<br />
::Fewer than 130 at bats and 50 innings pitched in the major leagues ''or''<br />
<br />
::Fewer than 45 days on the [[List of baseball jargon (R)#roster|active rosters]] of major league clubs (excluding time on the [[List of baseball jargon (D)#disabled list|disabled list]] or any time after rosters are [[Major League Baseball transactions#25-man and 40-man roster|expanded]] on September 1).<br />
<br />
=====room service=====<br />
:A ball that's hit right to a fielder, so he hardly has to move to get it.<br />
<br />
=====rope=====<br />
:A hard [[line drive]]. Also see [[List of baseball jargon (F)#frozen rope|"frozen rope"]].<br />
<br />
=====roster=====<br />
:The official list of players who are eligible to play in a given game and to be included on the [[List of baseball jargon (L)#lineup card|lineup card]] for that game. [[Major League Baseball]] limits the regular-season active roster to 25 players during most of the season, but additional players may be on [[List of baseball jargon (D)#disabled list|disabled list]], and the roster can be [[List of baseball jargon (E)#expanded roster|expanded]] to as many as 40 active players after August 31<sup>st</sup>.<br />
<br />
=====[[Starting pitcher|rotation]]=====<br />
{{main|Starting pitcher}}<br />
:A starting pitcher in professional baseball usually rests three or four days after pitching a game before pitching another. Therefore, most professional baseball teams have four or five starting pitchers on their roster. These pitchers, and the sequence in which they pitch is known as the rotation. In modern baseball, a five-man rotation is most common.<br />
<br />
=====round-tripper=====<br />
:A [[home run]]. The analogy is to a commuter who buys a round-trip ticket from [[List of baseball jargon (H)#home plate|home plate]] to second base and back again to home.<br />
<br />
=====rubber=====<br />
:The rubber, formally termed the [[baseball field|pitching plate]], is a white rubber strip the front of which is exactly sixty feet six inches (18.4 m) from the rear point of [[List of baseball jargon (H)#home plate|home plate]]. A [[pitcher]] will push off the rubber with his foot in order to gain velocity toward home plate when pitching.<br />
<br />
=====rubber arm=====<br />
:A pitcher is said to have a "rubber arm" if he can throw many pitches without tiring. [[Livan Hernandez]] may have the ultimate rubber arm, having eclipsed 200 innings seven times in his ten-year career.<br />
<br />
=====rubber game=====<br />
:A term used for the third game of 3-game series, the fifth of a best-of-five series, and the seventh of a best-of-seven series, when the two teams have split the first two, four, or six games, respectively. Originally a card-playing term.<ref>Ask Yahoo! at http://ask.yahoo.com/20040512.html.</ref><br />
<br />
=====[[Run (baseball)|run]]=====<br />
{{main|Run (baseball)}}<br />
:*A player who advances around all the bases to score is credited with a run. The team with the most runs wins the game.<br />
:*A manager "runs his players" when he calls on them to [[List of baseball jargon (S)#stolen base|steal]] bases and to be generally aggressive in trying to advance extra bases when the ball is in play.<br />
:*A player or coach may be "run" by an umpire by being [[List of baseball jargon (E)#ejected|ejected]] from a game.<br />
<br />
=====[[rundown]]=====<br />
{{main|Rundown}}<br />
: A play in which a runner is stranded between two bases, and runs back and forth to try to avoid fielders with the ball. The fielders (usually basemen) toss the ball back and forth, to prevent the runner from getting to a base, and typically close in on him and tag him. Also called a [[Hotbox (baseball)|'''hotbox''']] or a [[List of baseball jargon (P)#pickle|pickle]]. Sometimes used as a baserunning strategy by a trailing runner, to distract the fielders and allow a leading runner to advance.<br />
<br />
=====runners at the corners=====<br />
:runners on 1st and 3rd, with 2nd base open.<br />
<br />
=====runners in scoring position=====<br />
:Runners on 2nd or 3rd base are said to be in scoring position, i.e., a typical [[base hit]] should allow them to reach home. Batting average with runners in scoring position (RISP) is used as an approximation of [[List of baseball jargon (C)#clutch|clutch hitting]]. Game announcers are apt to put up and comment on the latter statistic during a broadcast to set the stage for an at bat. A good hitter is expected to have a higher [[List of baseball jargon (B)#batting average|batting average]] when there are runners in scoring position.<br />
<br />
=====[[Babe Ruth|Ruthian]] blast=====<br />
:A home run that travels very far. After famous slugger [[Babe Ruth]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Baseball lists|Jargon]]<br />
[[Category:Glossaries|Baseball jargon]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_baseball_(C)&diff=153840636Glossary of baseball (C)2007-08-26T23:54:08Z<p>Matty j: /* called up */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Main|List of baseball jargon}}<br />
<br />
=====[[Cactus League]]=====<br />
{{Main|Cactus league}}<br />
:The group of teams that conduct their pre-season [[List of baseball jargon (S)#spring training|spring training]] exhibition games in [[Arizona]] where the [[cactus]] grows in abundance. See also [[List of baseball jargon (G)#Grapefruit League|Grapefruit League]].<br />
<br />
=====called shot=====<br />
:A reference to [[Babe Ruth's Called Shot]] home run in the fifth inning of Game 3 of the [[1932 World Series]], held on October 1, 1932 at [[Wrigley Field]] in [[Chicago]].<br />
<br />
=====called up=====<!-- This section is linked from [[Darren Clarke (baseball)]] --><br />
:A Major League team may call up or promote a player from the minor leagues during the season to take a spot on its roster, often to replace a player who has been [[List of baseball jargon (S)#sent down|sent down]] to the minor leagues or else placed on the [[List of baseball jargon (D)#disabled list|disabled list]]. Players who have been in the major leagues previously (and were sent down) may be said to be '''recalled''' rather than called up. After August 31<sup>st</sup>, several minor leaguers may be called up to take a spot on the [[Major League Baseball transactions#25-man and 40-man roster|expanded roster]].<br />
<br />
=====campaign=====<br />
:A season. The "2006 campaign" is the 2006 Major League season.<br />
<br />
=====can of corn=====<br />
:An easily-caught [[List of baseball jargon (F)#fly ball|fly ball]]. Supposedly comes from a general store clerk reaching up and dropping a can from a high shelf. Frequently used by [[Chicago White Sox]] broadcaster [[Ken Harrelson|Ken "The Hawk" Harrelson]]. Also, a phrase used in the expression of mild excitement, general agreement or indication from one person to another that completion of said task is in order. Mike Zolk, from Frankford High School in Philadelphia, coined the phrase in 1936 in a game against NorthEast High.<br />
<br />
=====Captain Hook=====<br />
:A manager who often takes a pitcher out of the game at the first sign of trouble. [[Sparky Anderson]] is perhaps the best example of a "Captain Hook" at the major league level. See [[List of baseball jargon (H)#hook|hook]].<br />
<br />
=====[[Catbird seat|catbird seat]]=====<br />
{{Main|Catbird seat}}<br />
:A desirable or auspicious situation. Popularized by [[Red Barber]], longtime broadcaster for the [[Brooklyn Dodgers]]. [[James Thurber]] wrote in his short story of the same title: ''"[S]itting in the catbird seat" means sitting pretty, like a batter with three [[List of baseball jargon (B)#ball|balls]] and no [[List of baseball jargon (S)#strike|strikes]] on him.'' The [[Gray catbird|catbird]] is said to seek out the highest point in a tree to sing his song, so someone in the catbird seat is high up.<br />
<br />
=====catcher's [[Interference (baseball)|interference]]=====<br />
{{Main|Interference (baseball)}}<br />
:It is catcher's interference when the catcher physically hinders the batter's opportunity to swing at a pitch. Play continues, and after continuous playing action ceases, the umpire calls time. The penalty is that the batter is awarded first base, any runner attempting to steal is awarded that base, and all other runners advance only if forced. The catcher is charged with an error. This is one of many types of [[Interference (baseball)|interference]] call.<br />
<br />
=====caught napping=====<br />
:A baserunner who is [[List of baseball jargon (T)#tag|tagged out]] because he wasn't paying attention to what the defensive players were doing is "caught napping." Often this involves a [[List of baseball jargon (P)#pickoff|pickoff play]] in which the infielder sneaks up behind the runner and takes a throw from the pitcher, or, less often, the catcher.<br />
<br />
=====cellar=====<br />
:Last place, bottom of the standings. A team that spends too much time in last place, especially over a stretch of years, tends to acquire the unflattering title of '''cellar dweller'''. SYNONYM: [[List of baseball jargon (B)#basement|basement]].<br />
<br />
=====chair, the=====<br />
:Specifically regarding a batter: A seat on the bench, as opposed to reaching base or remaining in the batter's box. As in, "throw him the chair." The expression is an encouragement to the pitcher to strike out the batter, sending him back to the dugout, thus "throwing him the chair" — forcing him to sit down.<br />
<br />
=====challenge the hitter=====<br />
:When a pitcher is aggressive and throws strikes, perhaps his best fastball, he may be said to "challenge the hitter." Akin to [[List of baseball jargon (P)#pound the strike zone|pounding the strike zone]] or [[List of baseball jargon (A)#attack the strike zone|attacking the strike zone]].<br />
<br />
=====[[changeup]]=====<br />
{{Main|changeup}}<br />
:A changeup or '''a change''' is a [[List of baseball jargon (P)#pitch|pitch]] meant to look like a [[List of baseball jargon (F)#fastball|fastball]], but with less velocity; short for '''change of pace'''. A variety of this pitch is the '''circle change''', where a circle is formed using the thumb and index finger on the last third of a ball. This causes the ball to break inside and down to right-handed batter from a right-handed pitcher, frequently resulting in ground balls. Also, a '''straight change''', made famous by [[Pedro Martínez]] of the New York Mets, can be utilized. The grip requires all fingers to be used in holding the ball, resulting in more friction, thus slowing the ball down tremendously.<br />
<br />
=====[[charging the mound]]=====<br />
{{Main|Charging the mound}}<br />
:*[[Charging the mound]] refers to a batter assaulting the pitcher after being [[List of baseball jargon (H)#hit by pitch|hit by a pitch]]. The first incidence of a professional charging the mound has not been identified but the practice certainly dates back to the game's early days. Charging the mound is often the precipitating cause of a [[bench-clearing brawl]] and will most likely result in the batter's [[ejection]].<br />
<br />
:*In the famous [[List of baseball jargon (P)#Pine tar|Pine Tar Game]], [[George Brett (baseball)|George Brett]] charged home plate to protest the umpire's ruling that his apparent 2-run home run was hit with an illegal bat. Brett was tossed from the game.<br />
<br />
=====chase=====<br />
:*To chase (or chase after) is to [[List of baseball jargon (S)#swing|swing]] at a [[List of baseball jargon (P)#pitch|pitch]] well outside of the [[List of baseball jargon (S)#strike zone|strike zone]].<br />
:*A pitcher who is removed from the game by the manager because he gave up too many runs is said to have been "chased from the game" or "chased from the mound." "[[Andy Pettitte|Pettitte]] was chased from the game in the seventh inning following an RBI single by [[Willy Taveras]] and a two-RBI triple by [[Kazuo Matsui]]."<ref>Ryan Thorburg, "Rockies Play Hardball vs. Yanks," [http://www.dailycamera.com/news/2007/jun/21/rockies-play-hardball-vs-yanks/ DailyCamera.com, June 21, 2007.]</ref><br />
:*A player or coach who is [[List of baseball jargon (E)#ejected|ejected]] from the game by an umpire can be said to be chased. "[[Billy Martin|Martin]] was tossed by umpire [[Lee Weyer]] in the fourth game of the [[1976 World Series|1976 Series]], seven years after [[Earl Weaver|Weaver]] was chased by [[Shag Crawford]] in the fourth game in 1969."<ref>George Voss, "Umpire Confrontations," [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FCI/is_1_61/ai_80599486/pg_5 Baseball Digest, January 2002.]</ref><br />
<br />
=====chatter=====<br />
:To verbally challenge or taunt to distract the opposing batter. Fans and players, alike, participate in chatter. "Heybattabattabatta" is an example of common baseball chatter.<br />
<br />
=====check the runner=====<br />
:When the [[List of baseball jargon (P)#pitcher|pitcher]] looks in the direction of a [[List of baseball jargon (B)#baserunner|runner]] [[List of baseball jargon (O)#on base|on base]], and thereby causes him to not take as large of a [[List of baseball jargon (L)#lead|lead]] as he would otherwise have taken.<br />
<br />
=====checked swing=====<br />
{{Main|Check-swing}}<br />
:A batter checks a swing by stopping it before the bat crosses the front of home plate. If he fails to stop it in time, the [[umpire]] will call a strike because he swung at the pitch. Often the umpire's view of the swing is obstructed. If the umpire calls the pitch a ball, a defensive player such as the catcher or pitcher can ask the home plate umpire to ask another umpire whether the batter swung at the pitch. In such a case, the home plate umpire always accepts the judgment of the other umpire.<br />
<br />
=====cheese=====<br />
:A [[List of baseball jargon (F)#fastball|fastball]]. Also [[List of baseball jargon (H)#high cheese|high cheese]].<br />
<br />
=====[[Chin music#baseball|chin music]]=====<br />
:A [[List of baseball jargon (H)#high and tight|high and tight]], [[List of baseball jargon (U)#up and in|up and in]] [[List of baseball jargon (P)#pitch|pitch]] meant to knock a batter back from [[List of baseball jargon (H)#home plate|home plate]] to avoid being hit on the chin. Also known as a ''[[List of baseball jargon (B)#brush-back|brush-back]]'' or ''[[List of baseball jargon (P)#purpose pitch|purpose pitch]]''.<br />
<br />
=====chinker=====<br />
:A [[List of baseball jargon (B)#blooper|blooper]], a [[List of baseball jargon (D)#dying quail|dying quail]], a [[List of baseball jargon (B)#bleeder|bleeder]].<br />
<br />
=====chopper=====<br />
:A chopper refers to a batted ball that immediately strikes the hardened area of dirt directly in front of home plate. This causes the ball to jump high into the infield air. Fast batters can convert such choppers into base hits.<br />
<br />
=====choke up=====<br />
:A [[List of baseball jargon (B)#batter|batter]] "chokes up" by sliding his hands up from the knob end of the [[List of baseball jargon (B)#bat|bat]] to give him more control over his bat. It reduces the power and increases the control. Prior to driving in the Series-winning hit with a [[List of baseball jargon (B)#bloop|bloop single]] in the [[2001 World Series]], [[Luis Gonzalez]] choked up on the bat. Thus he came through, and did not "[[choke (sports)|choke]]" in the [[clutch (sports)|clutch]].<br />
<br />
=====chuck=====<br />
:Throw. A pitcher is sometimes referred to as a chucker or someone who can really chuck the ball. In San Francisco, sometimes the fans are referred to as '''battery chuckers,''' referring to an incident a few years ago where many fans threw batteries onto the field.<br />
<br />
=====circus catch=====<br />
:An outstanding catch, usually one a fielder has to leave his feet or go through contortions to make, resembling a circus acrobat in the process.<br />
<br />
=====[[Batting order (baseball)|cleanup hitter]]=====<br />
{{Main|Batting order (baseball)}}<br />
:The fourth [[List of baseball jargon (B)#batter|batter]] in the lineup, usually a [[List of baseball jargon (P)#power hitter|power hitter]]. The strategy is to get some [[List of baseball jargon (B)#baserunner|runners]] on base for the cleanup hitter to [[List of baseball jargon (D)#drive|drive home]]. In theory, if the first three batters of the game were to [[List of baseball jargon (L)#load the bases|load the bases]], the #4 hitter would ideally "clean off" the bases with a [[grand slam (baseball)|grand slam home run]].<br />
<br />
=====clear the bases=====<br />
:A batter who drives home all the runners on base is said to "clear the bases." "Dikito's bases-clearing triple sent the pro-Falcon crowd into a frenzy."<ref>Jon Perez, "Falcon's Sweep Masters,"[http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?cat=2&newsID=69969 ''Saipan Tribune'', July 1, 2007].</ref><br />
<br />
=====climbing the ladder=====<br />
:A tactic where a [[List of baseball jargon (P)#pitcher|pitcher]] delivers a succession of [[List of baseball jargon (P)#pitch|pitches]] out of the [[List of baseball jargon (S)#strike zone|strike zone]], each higher than the last, in an attempt to get the batter to swing at a pitch "[[List of baseball jargon (T)#throwing in the batter's eyes|in his eyes]]."<br />
<br />
=====[[closer (baseball)|closer]]=====<br />
{{Main|Closer (baseball)}}<br />
:A [[List of baseball jargon (R)#relief pitcher|relief pitcher]] who is consistently used to "close" or finish a game by getting the final outs. Closers are often among the most [[List of baseball jargon (O)#overpower|overpowering]] [[List of baseball jargon (P)#pitchers|pitchers]], and sometimes even the most erratic. Alternatively, they might specialize in a pitch that is difficult to hit, such as the splitter or the knuckleball.<br />
<br />
=====[[Clutch hitter|clutch]]=====<br />
{{Main|Clutch hitter}}<br />
:Good performance under pressure when good performance really matters. May refer to such a situation (being '''in the clutch'''), or to a player (a good [[clutch hitter]] or one who "can hit in the clutch"), or to specific [[List of baseball jargon (H)#hit|hits]] ("that was a clutch hit"). Most baseball [[List of baseball jargon (F)#fan|fans]] believe that clutch hitting exists, but there is significant disagreement among [[List of baseball jargon (S)#stathead|statheads]] whether clutch hitting is a specific skill a player can possess or instead just something that good hitters in general do. An old synonym for clutch is '''pinch''', as in [[Christy Mathewson]]'s book, ''Pitching in a Pinch''.<br />
<br />
=====collar=====<br />
:Symbol of going hitless in a game, suggested by its resemblance to a zero, along with the implication of "choking"; ''to wear the collar''. "If Wright doesn't get a hit here, he'll be wearing an 0 for 5 collar on the day."<br />
<br />
=====comebacker=====<br />
:A ball batted directly back to the [[List of baseball jargon (P)#pitcher|pitcher]].<br />
<br />
=====command=====<br />
:The ability of a pitcher to throw a pitch where he intends to. More than just the ability to throw strikes, it is the ability to hit particular spots in or out of the [[strike zone]]. Also see [[List of baseball jargon (L)#locate|location]].<br />
<br />
=====[[complete game]]=====<br />
{{Main|Complete game}}<br />
:A complete game (denoted by CG) is the act of a pitcher pitching an entire game himself, without the benefit of a relief pitcher. A complete game can be either a win or a loss. A complete game can be awarded to a pitcher even if he pitches less than (or more than) nine-innings, as long as he pitches the entire game.<br />
<br />
=====[[contact hitter]]=====<br />
{{Main|Contact hitter}}<br />
:A hitter who does not [[List of baseball jargon (S)#strike out|strike out]] often. Thus, he's usually able to make contact with the ball and [[List of baseball jargon (I)#in play|put it in play]]. This doesn't mean he's necessarily a pitty-patty [[List of baseball jargon (S)#slap hitter|slap hitter]]. He may hit for power, with lots of doubles and triples. [[Pete Rose]] and [[Wade Boggs]] are both excellent examples of contact hitters.<br />
<br />
=====control artist=====<br />
{{Main|Control pitcher}}<br />
:A pitcher who gives up very few bases on balls or has excellent [[List of baseball jargon (C)#Command|command]] of his pitches. Also known as a [[control pitcher]].<br />
<br />
=====[[corked bat]]=====<br />
{{Main|Corked bat}}<br />
:A [[List of baseball jargon (B)#bat|bat]] in which [[cork (material)|cork]] (or possibly [[rubber]] or some other elastic material) has been inserted into the core of the wooden barrel. Although modifying a bat in this way may help to increase bat speed or control by making the bat lighter, contrary to popular belief it does not impart more energy to the batted ball.<ref>Robert K. Adair, ''The Physics of Baseball'' (New York: HarperCollins, 2002), pp.136-139.</ref> A batter could achieve a similar effect by [[List of baseball jargon (C)#choke up|choking up]] on the bat or using a shorter bat. A player who is caught altering his bat illegally is subject to suspension or other penalties. The last such case in Major League Baseball involved the slugger [[Sammy Sosa]].<ref>At the time of the Sosa incident, a list of well-known cases of doctoring the bat was published by ESPN.com[http://espn.go.com/mlb/s/2003/0603/1562807.html].</ref><br />
<br />
=====corner [[outfielder]]=====<br />
:The [[left fielder]] and [[right fielder]] are corner outfielders.<br />
<br />
=====cornerman=====<br />
:A [[third baseman]].<br />
<br />
=====cornucopia=====<br />
:[[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]] TV announcer Bill Land once called an easily-caught fly ball in a game incorrectly by stating, "It's a cornucopia!" In the background, you could hear [[color commentator]], [[Tom Grieve]] mumbling "[[List of baseball jargon (C)#can of corn|can...of...corn..]]" It is not uncommon to hear fans in the lower rows of Section 15 at [[Ameriquest Field in Arlington]] yelling "CORNUCOPIA!"<br />
<br />
=====[[Count (baseball)|count]]=====<br />
{{Main|Count (baseball)}}<br />
:The number of balls and strikes a batsman has in his current at bat. Usually announced as a pair of numbers, for instance "3-0" (pronounced "three and oh"), with the first number being the number of balls and the second being the number of strikes. A 3-2 count – one with the maximum number of balls and strikes in a given at bat – is referred to as a '''full count'''. A count of 1-1 or 2-2 is called '''even'''. A batter is said to be '''ahead in the count''' (and a pitcher behind in the count) if the count is 1-0, 2-0, 2-1, 3-0, or 3-1. A batter is said to be '''behind in the count''' (and a pitcher ahead in the count) if the count is 0-1, 0-2, or 1-2.<br />
<br />
=====[[covering a base]]=====<br />
{{Main|Covering a base}}<br />
:*Part of the infielders' job is to cover bases. That is, they stand next to a base in anticipation of receiving the ball thrown from another fielder, so that they may make a play on an opposing baserunner who is approaching that base. On a [[force play]] or an [[appeal play]], the fielder covering the base stands with one foot on that base when he catches the ball.<br />
:*When a [[List of baseball jargon (F)#fielder|fielder]] goes to make a [[List of baseball jargon (P)#play|play]] at a [[List of baseball jargon (B)#base|base]] that is not his [[List of baseball jargon (P)#position|position]] (usually because the fielder for that base is unavailable to [[List of baseball jargon (C)#catch|catch]] the ball at that base because he is busy [[List of baseball jargon (F)#field|fielding]] the [[List of baseball jargon (B)#batted ball|batted ball]]). A common example is when the [[List of baseball jargon (F)#first baseman|first baseman]] [[List of baseball jargon (F)#field|fields]] a [[List of baseball jargon (B)#batted ball|batted]] [[List of baseball jargon (G)#ground ball|ground ball]], but is too far from the base to [[List of baseball jargon (P)#put the runner out|put the runner out]]. The [[List of baseball jargon (P)#pitcher|pitcher]] runs over to "cover" [[List of baseball jargon (F)#first base|first base]] to take the throw from the first baseman (play would be scored as "31", meaning first baseman to pitcher).<br />
<br />
=====crack of the bat=====<br />
:The sound of the bat hitting the ball. The term is used in baseball to mean "immediately, without hesitation." For example, a baserunner may start running "on the crack of the bat," as opposed to waiting to see where the ball goes. <br />
<br />
:Outfielders often use the sound of bat-meeting-ball as a clue to how far a ball has been hit. As physicist Robert Adair has written,"When a baseball is hit straight at an outfielder he cannot quickly judge the angle of ascent and the distance the ball will travel. If he waits until the trajectory is well defined, he has waited too long and will not be able to reach otherwise catchable balls. If he starts quickly, but misjudges the ball such that his first step is wrong (in for a long fly or back for a short fly), the turn-around time sharply reduces his range and he will again miss catchable balls. To help his judgment, the experienced outfielder listens to the sound of the wooden bat hitting the ball. If he hears a 'crack' he runs out, if he hears a 'clunk' he runs in." <Ref> Robert K. Adair, "The Crack-of-the-Bat: The Acoustics of the Bat Hitting the Ball," Acoustical Society of America, 141st Meeting, Lay Language Papers (June 2001).[http://www.acoustics.org/press/141st/adair.html]</ref><br />
<br />
:Similarly, with metal bats, the outfielders have to learn to distinguish a "ping" from a "plunk".<br />
<br />
=====crackerbox=====<br />
:A small baseball field considered to be friendly to power hitters and unfriendly to pitchers. A [[List of baseball jargon (B)#bandbox|bandbox]].<br />
<br />
=====crackerjack=====<br />
:A player or team with power and whom are exceptionally skilled.<br />
<br />
=====crank=====<br />
:To hit a ball for extra bases, typically a home run. "[[Derek Jeter|Jeter]] cranked a homer to left to make it 6-5. . . ."<ref>http://heartlandpinstripes.mlblogs.com/heartland_pinstripes/2007/06/wild_win.html</ref><br />
<br />
=====crooked number=====<br />
:A number other than a zero or a one, referring to the appearance of the actual number. A team which is able to score two or more runs in an [[List of baseball jargon (I)#inning|inning]] is said to "hang a crooked number" on the scoreboard or on the [[List of baseball jargon (P)#pitcher|pitcher]].<br />
<br />
=====crossed up=====<br />
:When a catcher calls for the pitcher to throw one type of pitch (e.g., a fastball) but the pitcher throws another (e.g., a curveball), the catcher has been crossed up. This may lead to a [[passed ball]], allowing a runner on base to advance.<br />
<br />
=====crowding the plate=====<br />
:When a [[List of baseball jargon (B)#batter|batter]] sets his [[List of baseball jargon (S)#stance|stance]] extremely close to the [[List of baseball jargon (H)#home plate|plate]], sometimes covering up part of the [[List of baseball jargon (S)#strike zone|strike zone]]. This angers [[List of baseball jargon (P)#pitcher|pitchers]] and, if done repeatedly, can lead to a [[List of baseball jargon (B)#brush-back|brush-back]] pitch or even a [[List of baseball jargon (B)#bean ball|beanball]] being thrown at the batter to clear the plate.<br />
<br />
=====crush the ball=====<br />
:A batter who hits a ball extremely hard and far might be said to crush the ball, as if he had destroyed the baseball or at least changed its shape. Related expressions are '''crunched the ball''' or '''mashed the ball'''. Indeed, a slugger is sometimes described as a '''masher'''. Illustration: "Though the 25-year-old has impressed with two homers in five games, he's more of a pure hitter than a masher". <br />
<br />
:Other types of baseball destruction include '''knocking the stuffing out of the ball''' and '''knocking the horsehide [cover] off the ball'''.<br />
<br />
=====cue the ball=====<br />
:When a ball is hit off the end of the bat, the batter may be said to have "cued the ball" (as if he hit it with a [[Cue stick|pool cue]]). "[[Howie Kendrick|Kendrick]] took third on a broken-bat ground-out and scored on a cued grounder to first base by [[Ryan Shealy]]. . . ."<ref>Jack Magruder, "Team USA Wins Revenge Game," [http://www.baseballamerica.com/today/2005oly/051117daytwo.html BaseballAmerica.com, November 17, 2005].</ref><br />
<br />
=====[[cup of coffee]]=====<br />
{{Main|Cup of coffee}}<br />
:A short time spent by a [[Minor league baseball|minor league]] player at the [[Major League Baseball|major league]] level, often for a 10-day contract. The idea is that the player was only there long enough to have a cup of coffee. It can also be used to describe a very brief stay (less than a season) with a major league club.<br />
<br />
=====[[curtain call]]=====<br />
{{Main|Curtain call}}<br />
:A player who has excited the fans because of a great play or hit may come back onto the field or out of the dugout to wave or tip his cap to the crowd. A term obviously derived from the theater.<br />
<br />
=====[[curveball]]=====<br />
{{Main|Curveball}}<br />
:A [[List of baseball jargon (P)#pitch|pitch]] that curves or breaks from a straight or expected flight path toward [[List of baseball jargon (H)#home plate|home plate]].<br />
<br />
=====cut [[fastball]]=====<br />
{{Main|Fastball}}<br />
:A cut fastball or cutter is a [[List of baseball jargon (F)#fastball|fastball]] that has lateral [[List of baseball jargon (M)#movement|movement]]. A "[[fastball#cutter|cut fastball]]" is another name for a [[List of baseball jargon (S)#slider|slider]] that is more notable for its speed than its lateral movement.<br />
<br />
=====cut-off=====<br />
:A defensive tactic where a [[List of baseball jargon (F)#fielder|fielder]] that moves into a position between the [[List of baseball jargon (O)#outfielder|outfielder]] that has [[List of baseball jargon (F)#field|fielded]] the [[List of baseball jargon (B)#batted ball|batted ball]] and the [[List of baseball jargon (B)#base|base]] where a [[List of baseball jargon (P)#play|play]] can be made. This fielder is said to "cut off" the throw or to be the "[[List of baseball jargon (C)#cut-off man|cut-off man]]". This tactic is taught for two reasons: it increases accuracy over long distances and shortens the time required to get a ball to a specific place. '''Missing the cut-off''' (man) is considered a [[List of baseball jargon (M)#mistake|mistake]] by an outfielder (though not scored as an error) because it may allow a runner to advance or to score.<br />
<br />
=====cut-off man=====<br />
:A [[List of baseball jargon (F)#fielder|fielder]] that "[[List of baseball jargon (C)#cut-off|cuts off]]" a long throw to an important target. Often the [[List of baseball jargon (S)#shortstop|shortstop]] or [[List of baseball jargon (S)#second baseman|second baseman]] will be the "cut-off man" for a long throw from the [[List of baseball jargon (O)#outfield|outfield]] to [[List of baseball jargon (T)#third base|third base]] or [[List of baseball jargon (H)#home plate|home plate]]. "Hit the cut-off man" is a common admonition from a [[List of baseball jargon (C)#coach|coach]].<br />
<br />
=====[[Hit for the cycle|cycle]]=====<br />
{{Main|Hit for the cycle}}<br />
:See [[List of baseball jargon (H)#hit for the cycle|hit for the cycle]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"><br />
<references /><br />
</div><br />
<br />
[[Category:Baseball lists|Jargon]]<br />
[[Category:Glossaries|Baseball jargon]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J._D._Martin&diff=153840576J. D. Martin2007-08-26T23:53:41Z<p>Matty j: </p>
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<div>'''John Dale "J.D." Martin''' (born [[January 2]], [[1983]] in [[Ridgecrest, California|Ridgecrest]], [[California]]) is a [[pitcher]] in the [[Cleveland Indians]] organization of [[Major League Baseball]]. He is on the team's [[Major League Baseball transactions#25-man and 40-man roster|40-man roster]] and, as of May 2007, is playing for their [[Minor League Baseball|double-A]] [[Eastern League (baseball)|Eastern League]] affiliate, [[Akron Aeros]].<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.thebaseballcube.com/players/M/J.D.-Martin.shtml The Baseball Cube]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Martin, J.D.}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1983 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Akron Aeros players]]<br />
[[Category:Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players]]<br />
[[Category:Kinston Indians players]]<br />
[[Category:Mahoning Valley Scrappers alumni]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{2000s-baseball-pitcher-stub}}</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alvirne_High_School&diff=153840482Alvirne High School2007-08-26T23:53:11Z<p>Matty j: /* Notable Alumni */</p>
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<div>{{Infobox Secondary school <br />
| name = Alvirne High School<br />
| type = Secondary<br />
| established = 1950 <br />
| principal = Bryan K. Lane<br />
| faculty = 119<br />
| enrollment = 1560<br />
| grades = 9-12<br />
| address = 200 Derry Road<br />
| city = [[Hudson, New Hampshire|Hudson]]<br />
| state = [[New Hampshire]]<br />
| country = [[United States]]<br />
| district = Hudson School District, NH SAU 81<br />
| colors = Maroon & Gold<br />
| mascot = Bronco<br />
| website = [http://www.alvirnehs.org/ Alvirne High School]<br />
| picture = [[Image:Alvirne-side-cropped.png|thumb|300px|Alvirne High School as viewed from the front lawn.]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Alvirne High School''' is located in the town of [[Hudson, New Hampshire]] with an enrollment of approximately 1,560 students from grades 9-12. Alvirne gets its name from a prominent Hudson family, the Alfred and Virginia Hills family, who left a large piece of property to the town in the early 20th century to provide land for the building of a high school. A contraction of their names ('''''Al'''''fred and '''''Vir'''''gi'''''n'''''ia) provides the name for the school. The school mascot is the Bronco, and the school colors are maroon and gold.<ref>http://www.alvirnehs.org</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The school was almost never built. A tract in the Hills' will providing for the school required that it open by a certain date. Behind schedule, the town held 4-H horticulture classes in the partially complete building to meet the literal deadline.<br />
<br />
On September 8th, 1974 a large fire gutted the building, requiring most of it to be rebuilt. The agricultural school was opened in the 1950's, and the modern vocational building opened in 1993.<ref>http://www.areanewsgroup.com/archives/2006/0908/HLN.html Hudson History Unrolled: The Burning and Rebirth of Alvirne High School</ref><br />
<br />
The school's Gymnasium is named after former principal Chester J. Steckevicz.<br />
<br />
==Administration==<br />
===School District===<br />
Alvirne High School is the only high school in the [http://www.sau81.org Hudson School District], under the authority of School Administrative Unit # 81 of New Hampshire (SAU81). The Superintendent of Schools is Randy Bell.<ref>http://www.sau81.org Hudson School District</ref><br />
<br />
===School Administrators===<br />
*Principal - Bryan K. Lane<br />
*Dean of Students - Timothy J. Broderick<br />
*Assistant Dean of Students - Susan M. Hanley<br />
*Dean of Academics - Mark MacLean<br />
*Vocational Director - Richard Lutz<br />
*Director of Guidance - William R. Hughen<ref>http://www.alvirnehs.org/departments/administration.php</ref><br />
<br />
==Academic Programs==<br />
[[Image:Alvirne-farm.jpg|thumb||right|Alvirne High School's on-campus barn.]]Alvirne teaches a standard college preparatory course of study, but also features an extensive vocational education program.<ref>[http://www.alvirnehs.org/departments/index.php Alvirne High School departments, Retrieved November 2, 2006]</ref><br />
<br />
===Advanced Placement (AP) Programs===<br />
Alvirne offers several [[Advanced Placement Program]]s. They include: AP American Literature I, AP British Literature, AP United States History I & II, AP American Government, AP Statistics, AP Calculus, AP Chemistry, and AP Physics. An AP French class may be offered soon.<br />
<br />
===Foreign Language Program===<br />
Alvirne offers both French and Spanish classes in its foreign language department. Classes range from level 1B to level 5. There is an honors Spanish course for the academically accelerated student. Also, an AP French class may be offered soon.<br />
<br />
===Wilbur H. Palmer Vocational-Technical Center===<br />
The campus is home to the Wilbur H. Palmer Vocational-Technical Center, a comprehensive [[vocational education]] center that features programs of study in [[finance]], [[accounting]], [[diesel engine|agriculture mechanics/diesel technology]], [[banking]], [[biotechnology]], building trades, [[business]], [[culinary profession|culinary arts]], [[early childhood education]], [[floriculture]], [[medicine|health occupations]], [[landscaping]], [[marketing]], [[forestry|natural resource management/forestry]], [[agriculture|production agriculture]], and [[veterinary medicine|veterinary technology]].<ref>[http://www.alvirnehs.org/departments/voc/programs.php Wilbur H. Palmer Vocational-Technical Center, Retrieved November 2, 2006]</ref><br />
<br />
The program focuses on application-based education and centers around student-managed businesses. The center features several fully operational businesses that are open to the public, including a bank, convenience store, restaurant, day care, and [[dairy farm]]. The dairy farm has cows, chickens, goats, and a barn on campus.<br />
<br />
==Clubs, Programs & Organizations==<br />
<br />
===AFJROTC===<br />
Alvirne is home to one of fewer than 800 units worldwide of the [[United States Air Force|Air Force]] [[Reserve Officers' Training Corps|Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps]]. <ref>http://www.alvirnehs.org/voc/documents/07-08%20Program%20of%20Studies.pdf</ref><br />
<br />
===Band===<br />
<br />
While Alvirne High School has always had a music program, the marching band and competitive concert bands began with the addition of Gerry Bastien to the music program in 1995. The marching band began as a volunteer pep band for the growing football program, continuing to become respected statewide for unique and challenging shows, even among larger high schools such as [[Londonderry High School]] and Salem High School. Throughout the years, the band has steadily grown from 32 members to well over 120, including a full-blown drumline, pit, and color guard. The concert band has also grown through the past decade, having gone to Walt Disney World and marched down Main Street U.S.A. in 2002 and 2006, and traveling to places like Maryland, Ohio, New York, Virginia, and Canada. The jazz ensemble (stage band) has become known worldwide, traveling with the marching band to Florida and going across the Atlantic to Germany in 2001 and 2006. The entire music department has also been hosting its annual "Cabaret" each spring for the last decade, starting at one performance to an entire three-performance weekend that the public raves about the entire year.<ref>http://www.ahsmusic.org/</ref><br />
<br />
===Bronco Barn (School Store)===<br />
<br />
The Bronco Barn, Alvirne's School Store, is the ''only'' [[Hallmark Cards]] School Store in the United States. Besides selling food and drink items, the store sells student and faculty apparel, balloon orders, Hallmark cards and much more. It is operated by marketing students.<ref>http://www.alvirnehs.org/voc/documents/07-08%20Program%20of%20Studies.pdf</ref><br />
<br />
===Bronco Talk (Student Newspaper)===<br />
<br />
Alvirne High School's Student Newspaper is Bronco Talk. Alvirne's journalism classes support the newspaper by reporting on controversial issues and covering stories that are important to the community.<ref>http://www.alvirnehs.org/voc/documents/07-08%20Program%20of%20Studies.pdf</ref> Bronco Talk has a website, currently designed and run by Sophomore Ben Naglieri, [http://www.ahsbroncotalk.org/ Bronco Talk Online]. The website is current with the most recent issue of the newspaper, and also includes past issues of the newspaper. Also, among other features, businesses can find out how to advertise in Bronco Talk. <ref>http://www.ahsbroncotalk.org/</ref><br />
<br />
===Checker's Restaurant===<br />
<br />
Checker's is Alvirne's school restaurant. Students can pre-order and enjoy a restaurant-meal during their lunch period. Parents are also welcome to visit the restaurant. Checker's also hosts special occasions, such as alumni reunions and honor society inductions.<ref>http://www.alvirnehs.org/voc/documents/07-08%20Program%20of%20Studies.pdf</ref><br />
<br />
===Class Act (Theatre)===<br />
<br />
Class Act is Alvirne's school theatre program. The program really began ''again'' in spring 2001 when Jennifer LaFrance took over the program, then as a student teacher, and the following school year as an English teacher with the school. The first successful show to be put up in years, "Women and Wallace", took place in spring 2002. The year continued with "Arsenic and Old Lace" in the fall, and spring 2003 held "Rumors" in store. Fall 2003 was the first ever full musical to take place at Alvirne, "You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown". That winter, Alvirne entered itself into the Regional New Hampshire Educational Theater Guild Festival with the play "Trifles." The year continued to a Spring of One-Acts: "Of Widows and Vegetables," "The Scheme of the Driftless Shifter" and "This is a Test." To begin the new school year in Fall of 2004, there was "Harvey," and preparations for entering into the Regional NHETG Festival again. The beginning of 2005 held auditions for the extremely successful play "Bang, Bang You're Dead." The troupe of 20 adventurous teenagers traveled to festival with this show and advanced from Regionals to States to New Englands, where the road stopped only because there is no competition to attend past the New England Drama Festival. The troupe also played to the entire high school and to the 7th and 8th grades in the middle school, and put on performances at night for the public and even traveled to the Youth Detention Center in nearby Manchester, NH. While staying busy with the powerful BBYD, Alvirne's "Class Act" also put together another night of One Acts for Spring 2005, with the plays of "Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy," "Check Please," and "Not All Love Stories Are Tragedies", which was written and directed by Senior/President Stephanie Long. The summer kept everyone busy with Alvirne's first summer of Shakespeare, with the students meeting and rehearsing "Much Ado About Nothing" to perform in August 2005. Class Act continued its successful rise in the 2005-2006 school year with "The Odd Couple," "Incident at San Bajo" (NHETG to States Festival), and "The Jester", adapted by the students from the movie to the stage. Class Act again had its Summer Shakespeare, this time with "Midsummer Nights' Dream." Class Act continued in the fall of 2006 with a radio version of ''A Christmas Carol''. In the Spring of 2007 Class Act competed in the New Hampshire Edjucational Theatre Guild's drama festival with their show "100" directed by Alvirne alumnus Max Schloner. The show went on to win 3 awards and compete at the State level competition. "100" was followed by Class Act's "The Laramie Project" which taught about tolerance of others. Class Act is currently working on "Romeo and Juliet" which is to be performed in August.<br />
<br />
===Other clubs===<br />
<br />
Alvirne High School is noted for its achievements in academic competitions. It has won the [[Granite State Challenge]] championship three times, giving the school the status of being one of few multiple-time champions to have won every championship game appearance.<ref>[http://www.nhptv.org/product/gsc/pastwinners.asp Past GSC SuperChallenge Champions Retrieved November 2, 2006]</ref> They also compete in the [[FIRST|FIRST engineering competition]].<ref>[http://www.mv.com/org/alvirne-first/ Alvirne FIRST team profile Retrieved November 2, 2006]</ref> Another notable club is the Model UN team, which recently participated in the 20th annual Model United Nations Conference at Bentley College. Several members of the team were recognized as "Distinguished delegates".<br />
A club not known very much about is the Gay Straight Alliance, run by April Rivers. It began small but is now known throughout the school and helps out for those who support the gay community, and many students, gay, straight or bisexual, are a part of this club, GSA.<br />
<br />
==Honor Societies==<br />
===National Honor Society (NHS)===<br />
The [[National Honor Society]] at Alvirne is committed to excellence. Members are academically proficient, and are supporters of the Alvirne community. Members of the NHS volunteers around Alvirne and throughout Hudson in many different ways. More information about the NHS can be found on the NHS website: [http://www.nhs.us/ NHS]<br />
<br />
===Société Honoraire de Français (SHF)===<br />
The Société Honoraire de Français (SHF), or [[French National Honor Society]], was established at Alvirne in 2007. The first 16 members were inducted on Thursday February 22, 2007. The first members included three freshmen: Fionna Howes, Ben Naglieri, and Carla Toland. The other members are: Derek Beaulieu, Caitlin Chiqlin, Codi Clark, William Dibble, Stephanie Fincher, Stephanie Frasier, Santiago Isaza, Amanda Lavigeuer, Matt Lavigeuer, Matthew Martin, Micheal O'Keefe, and Marissa Rousseau. Members of the Société Honoraire de Français must have an A in a French class (French 2B or higher) and must maintain a B average in all other classes. Members of the SHF must strive to learn French and must be proficient speakers and writers of French.<ref>http://www.frenchteachers.org/hq/shf.htm</ref> More information can be found on the [http://www.frenchteachers.org/hq/shf.htm SHF's website].<br />
<br />
===Sociedad Honoraria Hispánica (SHH)===<br />
The Sociedad Honoraria Hispánica (SHH), or [[Spanish National Honor Society]], held their first inductions in March 2007. Information about the SHH can be found on their website: [http://www.sociedadhonorariahispanica.org/ SHH].<br />
<br />
==Athletics==<br />
Alvirne fields athletic teams in [[baseball]], [[football]], [[cheerleading]], [[Cross country running|cross country]], [[golf]], [[soccer]], [[volley ball]], [[wrestling]], [[tennis]], [[softball]], [[basketball]], and [[track and field|track]]. Alvirne High went many decades without a football team, despite being one of the largest high schools in the state. It had long been rumored that the Hills' only son died during a football game and the school did not conduct a football program out of respect. After the 1974 fire, some residents questioned if the school should continue its "no football" tradition since the town would be rebuilding the school. It was assumed that such a stipulation was a condition of the high school's charter, however, when it was learned that this had never been recorded, local supporters encouraged the formation of a football team. In fall of 1994, Alvirne High School fielded its first Junior Varsity football team, with Varsity play beginning in 1996. Recently, an [[ice hockey]] and [[swimming]] programs were also added.<br />
<br />
==Trivia==<br />
<br />
Alvirne was listed in the 1980 edition of the [[Guinness Book of World Records]]<ref>Guinness Book of World Records, 1980, Sterling Publishing Co, New York, NY USA.</ref>. Alvirne High School math students built a [[slide rule]] measuring 320 feet 11.1 inches in length. It was completed in March, 1979. The record was broken later that year by students at the University of Illinois.<br />
<br />
==Notable Alumni==<br />
*[[Kyle Jackson]] - [[Minor league baseball]] player drafted by the [[Boston Red Sox]] in 2001, he was, as of April 2007, on the team's [[Major League Baseball transactions#25-man and 40-man roster|40-man roster]].<ref>{{cite web| title = Boston Red Sox 40-man Roster| url = (Portland{ME} Sea Dogs<br />
(http://boston.redsox.mlb.com/team/roster_40man.jsp?c_id=bos | accessdate = 2007-04-02}}</ref><br />
*[[Osten Taylor]] - [[Survivor: Pearl Islands]] contestant and first ever contestant to quit from the [[Survivor (TV series)|Survivor]] competition.<ref>{{cite web | title = Osten Taylor | work = Survivor Season 7 Biographies | publisher = CBS | url = http://www.cbs.com/primetime/survivor7/survivors/bio/osten.shtml | accessdate = 2007-04-02}}</ref><br />
*[[Jennifer Lavoie]] - August 1993 [[Playboy]] Playmate, charter member of the [[Playboy X-treme Team]], and star of various Playboy videos.<ref>{{cite web | title = Jennifer Lavoie resume | work = JenniferLavoie.com | url = http://www.jenniferlavoie.com/resume | accessdate = 2007-04-02}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.alvirnehs.org/ Alvirne High School Homepage]<br />
*[http://www.ahsbroncotalk.org/ Bronco Talk Online - Student Newspaper]<br />
*[http://www.ahsmusic.org/ Alvirne High School Music Department]<br />
*[https://www.edline.net/pages/Alvirne_High_School EDLINE: Alvirne High School]<br />
*[http://www.sau81.org Hudson School District Website]<br />
<br />
[[Category:High schools in New Hampshire]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vernon_Wells&diff=153840245Vernon Wells2007-08-26T23:51:38Z<p>Matty j: /* Early career */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox MLB player|<br />
bgcolor1=#005ac0|<br />
bgcolor2=black|<br />
textcolor1=white|<br />
textcolor2=white|<br />
name=Vernon Wells|<br />
image=Vernon Wells.jpg|<br />
width=200|<br />
position=Center Field|<br />
team=Toronto Blue Jays|<br />
number=10|<br />
bats=Right|<br />
throws=Right|<br />
birthdate={{birth date and age|1978|12|8}}|<br />
debutdate=August 30|<br />
debutyear=1999|<br />
debutteam=Toronto Blue Jays|<br />
statyear=August 6, 2007|<br />
stat1label=[[Batting average|Avg]]|<br />
stat1value=.285|<br />
stat2label=[[On base percentage|OBP]]|<br />
stat2value=.333|<br />
stat3label=[[Homerun|HR]]|<br />
stat3value=155|<br />
stat4label=[[Runs Batted In|RBI]]|<br />
stat4value=561|<br />
stat5label=[[Stolen Base|SB]]|<br />
stat5value=60|<br />
}} <br />
''This article is about the Major League Baseball player. For the Australian actor, see [[Vernon Wells (Actor)]].''<br />
<br />
'''Vernon Wells III''' (born [[December 8]], [[1978]], in [[Shreveport, Louisiana|Shreveport]], [[Louisiana]]) is a [[Major League Baseball]] player for the [[Toronto Blue Jays]]. Wells has appeared on two all star teams in career, and been awarded three [[Gold Gloves]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/news/story?id=2646282|title = Dirty dozen for Pudge; sixth for Chavez, Hunter, Ichiro|publisher = [[ESPN.com]]}}</ref> <br />
==Early years==<br />
Vernon Wells was born in [[Shreveport, Louisiana|Shreveport]] but grew up in [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]], [[Texas]], where his family moved in [[1988]]. During a Little League practice he was smacked in the face with a groundball, a misfortune that led to him becoming a stellar [[center fielder]] (he won consecutive Gold Glove awards in 2004, 2005, and 2006). In 1993, Wells entered Arlington's [[Bowie High School (Arlington, Texas)|Bowie High School]] where he starred as a quarterback on the football team and as an [[outfielder]] on the baseball team. In his senior year, he [[batting average|batted]] .565 with 7 [[home run]]s and 20 [[run batted in|RBI]]. Before choosing to enter the Major League Baseball Draft, Vernon entertained the idea of going to the [[University of Texas at Austin]] to play both football (as a wide receiver) and baseball.<br />
<br />
==Early career==<br />
Wells was drafted in the 1st round (5th pick overall) of the [[1997 in baseball|1997]] amateur draft by the [[Toronto Blue Jays]] and spent several years as a top prospect in the Blue Jays organization. From [[1999 in baseball|1999]] through [[2001 in baseball|2001]], Wells was a regular [[Major League Baseball transactions#25-man and 40-man roster|September call-up]] and played in 57 games. The organization pegged him as the [[center fielder]] of the future.<br />
<br />
==Major League career==<br />
===2002===<br />
In [[2002 in baseball|2002]], Wells was given his first chance to be an everyday player. Although disqualified from [[MLB Rookie of the Year award|Rookie of the Year]] contention because he had exceeded the 130 career major league at-bat limit to qualify as a rookie (the award went to teammate [[Eric Hinske]]), Wells proved himself to be one of the top rising stars in the game. He [[batting average|batted]] .275 with 23 [[home run]]s, 100 [[runs batted in|RBI]] and 87 [[runs (baseball statistics)|runs]] while asserting himself as one of the most fluid center fielders in the game. Some Toronto commentators described it as the quietest 100 RBI season a Blue Jay player had ever had.<br />
<br />
===2003===<br />
In [[2003 in baseball|2003]], Wells' star continued to rise. Although his production slowed toward the end of the season, he finished the season with a .317 batting average, 33 home runs, 117 RBI and 118 runs. He led the league with 215 hits, 49 [[double (baseball statistics)|doubles]], and 373 [[total bases]] and finished 8th in [[American League]] [[MLB Most Valuable Player award|MVP voting]]. He also participated in his first [[Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star game]]. He won the AL co-player of the week for the first time on [[June 23]], [[2003 in baseball|2003]], sharing the honor with [http://toronto.bluejays.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/mlb/news/mlb_news.jsp?ymd=20030623&content_id=388172&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb] [[Corey Koskie]], who would become Wells' teammate in 2005. A talented defensive outfielder, Wells won his first [[Gold Glove Award]] in [[2004 in baseball|2004]], and a second in [[2005 in baseball|2005]].<br />
<br />
===2006===<br />
Wells has often been considered a very slow starter to the MLB season, often batting near the "[[Mendoza Line]]" (a .200 batting average). However, he began the [[2006 in baseball|2006]] season on a torrid pace, and continued to hit well throughout the year, ending the season with a .303 batting average, 32 home runs, and 106 runs batted in. Wells' year was capped by a game against the [[Boston Red Sox]] in which he hit 3 home runs, with two coming off of Red Sox starter [[Josh Beckett]]. He won the AL player of the week honour on [[July 24]], [[2006 in baseball|2006]] [http://toronto.bluejays.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/news/article.jsp?ymd=20060724&content_id=1573588&vkey=news_tor&fext=.jsp&c_id=tor] for the second time in his career.<br />
<br />
Wells' performance in center field with the Jays in 2006 was recognized with Wells' selection as a reserve outfielder on the American League [[Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star Team]]. Wells was later promoted to the American League's starting lineup after an injury to Boston's [[Manny Ramirez]]. Wells' appearance during the July 10 festivities at Pittsburgh's [[PNC Park]] marked his second time participating in the mid-summer classic (his first coming in 2003).<br />
<br />
While widely recognized for his strong hitting statistics and exceptional defense, Wells has also faced criticism regarding his performance in clutch situations. Despite his strong stats line, [[Toronto Blue Jays|Blue Jays]] general manager [[J.P. Ricciardi]] criticized Wells, as well as teammates [[Troy Glaus]] and [[Shea Hillenbrand]], for failure to perform during key situations after two losses to the [[Kansas City Royals]] just before the 2006 All-Star break. He silenced these criticisms with great play throughout the rest of the year including a [[walk-off home run]] against [[New York Yankees]] [[Closer (baseball)|closer]] [[Mariano Rivera]].<br />
<br />
At the end of the 2006 season, Vernon Wells was awarded his 3rd straight [[Gold Glove Award]] for his outfield defense, along with [[Torii Hunter]], and [[Ichiro Suzuki]].<br />
<br />
===2007===<br />
<br />
Wells 2007 season, his first after signing his new contract extension, was not very successful. Vernon looked like every bit like the 2003-2005 Wells, compared to the one who hit over .300, 30 homers and 100 RBI in 2006. Speculations to the reason for his slump could be the pressure of his new contract, lack of protection in the lineup due to other slumping sluggers, a shoulder injury that he suffered early in the season or the fact he never got started like he did in 2006, which people many believe was the at bats he got in the [[World Baseball Classic]]. <br />
<br />
==Future with the Toronto Blue Jays==<br />
<br />
On [[December 15]], [[2006]], the Blue Jays announced that they had re-signed Wells to a seven-year, $126 million contract extension.<ref>http://msn.foxsports.com/mlb/story/6276146</ref> The contract also includes a no-trade clause and an opt-out clause after the fourth season. The deal was formally announced<ref>http://toronto.bluejays.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/content/printer_friendly/tor/y2006/m12/d18/c1763614.jsp</ref> three days later in a press conference at Rogers Campus. At the press conference it was announced that Wells would donate $1 million to the Jays Care Foundation<ref>{{cite web|url = http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/news/story?id=2698288|title = Jays sign Wells to $126 million, seven-year extension|publisher = [[ESPN.com]]}}</ref>, a charitable organization run by the Blue Jays. Known for his charity work, Wells indicated he would continue to be involved with the foundation in the future.<br />
<br />
==Off the field activities==<br />
*During the [[2006]] post-season, Wells was an analyst for [[ESPN]]'s [[Baseball Tonight]] show.<br />
*Since 2002, Wells has acted as the Honorary Commissioner of the Toronto Rookie League<ref>http://mlbplayers.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/pa/releases/releases.jsp?content=0805</ref>, a [[Greater Toronto Area]] baseball league run for underprivileged children who live in [[Toronto Community Housing Corporation|Toronto Community Housing]].<br />
<br />
==Trivia==<br />
*His father played football at [[Texas Christian University|TCU]] and in the [[Canadian Football League|CFL]].<br />
*His father, Vernon Sr., painted baseball cards for Upper Deck. Vernon Sr. painted Vernon Jr. into a card, on a 1992 David Justice team checklist card. {{Fact|date=February 2007}}<br />
*He has five theme songs, including, "[[Grillz]]," by [[Nelly]].<br />
*Former teammate [[Orlando Hudson]] gave Vernon the nickname "V-Dub". <br />
*Often puts a shaving cream pie in the face of teammates during their post-game interviews.<br />
*Classmates with Bowie High School Alumni, [[Mersing Nguyen]] - American actress.<br />
*On [[September 24]], [[2006 in baseball|2006]], he recorded his 500th RBI vs. the Boston Red Sox.<br />
*Vernon shares the same birthday as two of his Jays teammates: [[Reed Johnson]] and [[Jeremy Accardo]].<br />
* On [[May 2]], [[2007 in baseball|2007]], during an away game against the [[Cleveland Indians]], Vernon tossed a baseball with the message “Dear Mr. Dork. Here's your ball, now please tell me what gas station you work at so I can come and yell at you when you're working. Please sit down, shut up and enjoy the game. From your favorite center fielder, Vernon Wells.” to fans who had been [[heckling]] him during the game. This was an obvious joke, and the fans loved it.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.torontosun.com/Sports/Baseball/2007/05/06/4157856-sun.html|title = How to make a new pal|publisher = [[torontosun.com]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Top 500 home run hitters of all time]]<br />
* [[Bowie High School (Arlington, Texas)]]<br />
* [[Major League Baseball hitters with three home runs in one game]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<div class="references-small"><br />
</div><references/><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://toronto.bluejays.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/team/player.jsp?player_id=150484 MLB.com Profile]<br />
*{{baseball-reference|id=w/wellsve01|name=Vernon Wells}}<br />
*{{espn mlb|id=6327|name=Vernon Wells}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wells, Vernon}}<br />
[[Category:Major league players from Louisiana]]<br />
[[Category:1978 births]]<br />
[[Category:American League All-Stars]]<br />
[[Category:2006 World Baseball Classic players of the United States]]<br />
[[Category:All-Star Futures Game players]]<br />
[[Category:Gold Glove Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Major league center fielders]]<br />
[[Category:Toronto Blue Jays players]]<br />
[[Category:Toronto Blue Jays 1st round picks]]<br />
[[Category:American baseball players]]<br />
[[Category:People from Shreveport, Louisiana]]<br />
[[Category:African American sportspeople]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Vernon Wells (baseball)]]<br />
[[ja:ヴァーノン・ウェルズ]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chad_Bradford&diff=153840073Chad Bradford2007-08-26T23:50:25Z<p>Matty j: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox MLB player|<br />
image= |<br />
width=90|<br />
bgcolor1=#000000|<br />
bgcolor2=#F87217|<br />
textcolor1=#F87217|<br />
textcolor2=#000000|<br />
name=Chad Bradford|<br />
position=Relief Pitcher|<br />
team=Baltimore Orioles|<br />
number=53|<br />
bats=Right|<br />
throws=Right|<br />
birthdate={{birth date and age|1974|9|14}}|<br />
debutdate=August 1|<br />
debutyear=1998|<br />
debutteam=Chicago White Sox|<br />
statyear=August 4th, 2007|<br />
stat1label=[[Win (baseball)|Win-Loss]]|<br />
stat1value=27-22|<br />
stat2label=[[Earned run average|Earned Run Average]]|<br />
stat2value=3.32|<br />
stat3label=[[Strikeout]]s|<br />
stat3value=284|<br />
teams=<nowiki></nowiki><br />
*[[Chicago White Sox]] (1998-2000)<br />
*[[Oakland Athletics]] (2001-2004)<br />
*[[Boston Red Sox]] (2005)<br />
*[[New York Mets]] (2006)<br />
*[[Baltimore Orioles]] (2007-Present)<br />
}}<br />
'''Chadwick Lee "Chad" Bradford''' also known as '''Big Daddy Bradford''' (born [[September 14]], [[1974]]) is an [[United States|American]] [[relief pitcher]] for the [[Baltimore Orioles]] in [[Major League Baseball]]. Known for his unusual delivery where he releases the [[Pitch (baseball)|pitch]] side-arm and very close to the ground. This is called a [[Submarine (baseball)|submarine delivery]]. Because of this delivery he has experienced back and abdominal pain at times.<br />
<br />
Bradford was born in [[Jackson, Mississippi]]. His father had suffered a stroke that left him partially paralyzed, so that he could only throw underhand when playing catch with his son. Author [[Michael Lewis (author)|Michael Lewis]] speculates that memories of his father's throwing motion may have contributed to the development of Bradford's pitching style.<ref>Lewis, p. 223</ref><br />
<br />
He attended [[Byram High School]] in Jackson.[http://www.thebaseballcube.com/players/B/Chad-Bradford.shtml] Unlike most players who become major leaguers, he had not exhibited outstanding athletic talent through the early years of high school.<ref>Lewis, p. 224</ref> But his high school coach suggested he try sidearm pitching after learning some tips about the approach from a professional player.<ref>Lewisp pp. 225-6</ref> This technique brought him enough success to get a spot on the teams of [[Hinds Community College]] and the [[University of Southern Mississippi]].<br />
<br />
He was drafted by the [[Chicago White Sox]] in 1994 but elected to stay in college through 1996. The White Sox - the only major league team that had even scouted him<ref>Lewis p. 228</ref> - re-drafted him in the 13<sup>th</sup> round of the 1996 [[Major League Baseball Draft]]. He made his major league debut in 1998 while only 23 years old.<br />
<br />
In 1999, Bradford made only a short stop in the majors with the rest of the season spent with the triple-A [[Charlotte Knights]]. He was successful as a [[Major League Baseball transactions#25-man and 40-man roster|September call-up]] in 2000 and even pitched in the [[American League Division Series]] but the White Sox' [[bullpen]] was full so they traded him to Oakland for [[catcher]] [[Miguel Olivo]].<br />
<br />
From 2001 to 2004, Bradford was a specialty reliever for the A's, having success against right-handed hitters but getting hit by left-handed hitters. His ERA stayed around 3.00 for his entire career until 2004 when he had a setback. It was said to be because of his mounting back pain which eventually forced him on to the [[disabled list]].<br />
<br />
In July 2005, the Boston Red Sox acquired Bradford from Oakland in a trade for [[outfielder]] [[Jay Payton]]. Bradford, on the [[disabled list]] since undergoing lower back surgery March 7, was activated after the [[Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star]] break. Bradford had mixed results in Boston, posting a 3.86 ERA in with a 1.414 [[Walks plus hits per inning pitched|WHIP]], although he only pitched 23.3 innings.<br />
<br />
After the season, he became a [[free agent]] and was signed by the Mets where he was reunited with [[Rick Peterson]], his pitching coach from the Athletics. He had a very solid year in 2006 as a right-handed specialist out of the bullpen, posting a 2.90 ERA in 70 games.<br />
<br />
In 17 career postseason games, Bradford has posted a 0.00 ERA.<br />
<br />
On November 28, 2006 Bradford signed a three-year,10.5 million dollar deal with the [[Baltimore Orioles]].<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
<br />
''[[Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game]]''. Lewis, Michael. W.W. Norton & Company Inc., 2003. ISBN 0-393-05765-8<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
==External links==<br />
*{{espn mlb|id=6061|name=Chad Bradford}}<br />
*{{baseball-reference|id=b/bradfch01}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bradford, Chad}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1974 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Boston Red Sox players]]<br />
[[Category:Chicago White Sox players]]<br />
[[Category:Oakland Athletics players]]<br />
[[Category:New York Mets players]]<br />
[[Category:Major league pitchers]]<br />
[[Category:Major league players from Mississippi]]<br />
[[Category:Baltimore Orioles players]]<br />
<br />
[[ja:チャド・ブラッドフォード]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dallas_McPherson&diff=153840005Dallas McPherson2007-08-26T23:49:59Z<p>Matty j: /* Career */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox MLB player|<br />
bgcolor1=#ff0000|<br />
bgcolor2=#ff0000|<br />
textcolor1=white|<br />
textcolor2=white|<br />
name=Dallas McPherson|<br />
image=|<br />
width=250px|<br />
position=Third Baseman|<br />
team=Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim|<br />
number=47|<br />
bats=Left|<br />
throws=Right|<br />
debutdate=September 10|<br />
debutyear=2004|<br />
debutteam=Anaheim Angels|<br />
statyear=May 31, 2007|<br />
stat3label=[[Home runs]]|<br />
stat3value=18|<br />
stat1label=[[Batting Average]]|<br />
stat1value=.247|<br />
stat4label=[[Runs batted in|RBI's]]|<br />
stat4value=45|<br />
stat2label=[[On-base plus slugging|OPS]]|<br />
stat2value=.755|<br />
}} <br />
<br />
'''Dallas Lyle McPherson''' (born [[July 23]], [[1980]] in [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]], [[North Carolina]]) is a professional [[baseball]] player, and [[third baseman]] for the [[Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim]].<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
After attending college and playing [[baseball]] for [[The Citadel (Military College)|The Citadel]] from 1998 to 2001, McPherson was a second round [[draft (sports)|draft]] pick by the Angels in [[2001]]. Midway through his [[2004]] season he shot up the ranks from double-A [[minor league]] affiliate [[Arkansas Travelers]] to the triple-A [[Salt Lake Stingers]]. After garnering several minor league Player of the Year honors, McPherson was a September call-up by the Angels to fill their 40-man [[Major League Baseball transactions#25-man and 40-man roster|expanded roster]]. He made his Major League debut on [[September 10]], [[2004]] against the [[Chicago White Sox]]. Backing up third baseman [[Troy Glaus]], McPherson saw mostly pinch-hit duties that season, getting only forty at-bats. Due to Glaus becoming a free agent and the bright future of McPherson, the Angels declined to re-sign their All-Star third baseman for the high salary he would have commanded and instead gave the job to McPherson for the [[2005]] season.<br />
<br />
His rookie season in 2005 started out sluggishly, with his batting average usually around or below the [[Mendoza Line]] in April. Approximately one-third into the season, McPherson's bat heated up and he began hitting like he had been projected to do, including knocking in a pair of game-winning home runs in a series against the [[Kansas City Royals]]. His season was truncated by a hip injury, however. He underwent surgery in August of 2005 to remove bone spurs.<br />
<br />
Entering [[spring training]] in 2006, McPherson was expected to compete to be the Angels' starting third baseman in the 2006 season. However, he did not hit well during the exhibition season, and that job fell to [[Chone Figgins]], leaving no role on the team for McPherson. As a result, McPherson began the 2006 campaign in the [[Minor league baseball|minor leagues]]. After re-discovering his [[home run]] stroke at AAA [[Salt Lake Bees|Salt Lake]], the Angels called McPherson back to the active roster in May.<br />
<br />
McPherson has been on the disabled list for the entirety of the 2007 season after choosing to have back surgery to fuse two vertebrate in his back. He is hoping to make it back before the end of the 2007 season. [http://losangeles.angels.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20070220&content_id=1809352&vkey=news_ana&fext=.jsp&c_id=ana] [http://losangeles.angels.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20070122&content_id=1784212&vkey=news_ana&fext=.jsp&c_id=ana]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://losangeles.angels.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/team/player.jsp?player_id=425774 MLB player profile]<br />
* {{baseball-reference|id=m/mcpheda01}}<br />
* {{espn mlb|id=7353|name=Dallas McPherson}}<br />
*[http://www.minorleaguesplits.com/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?pl=425774 Minor League Splits and Situational Stats]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mcpherson, Dallas}}<br />
[[Category:1980 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Major league third basemen]]<br />
[[Category:Anaheim Angels players]]<br />
[[Category:Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim players]]<br />
[[Category:Major league players from North Carolina]]<br />
[[Category:All-Star Futures Game players]]<br />
<br />
[[ja:ダラス・マクファーソン]]<br />
[[zh:達拉斯·麥克菲爾森]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J._R._Richard&diff=153839899J. R. Richard2007-08-26T23:49:19Z<p>Matty j: /* 1971 season */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{dablink|Not to be confused with the singer [[J. R. Richards]].}}<br />
{{Mlbretired|<br />
bgcolor1=black|<br />
bgcolor2=#95322c|<br />
textcolor1=white|<br />
textcolor2=white|<br />
name=J.R. Richard|<br />
image=|<br />
width=|<br />
birthdate={{birth date and age|1950|03|7}}|<br />
position=[[Starting pitcher]]|<br />
bats=Right|<br />
throws=Right|<br />
debutdate=[[September 5]]|<br />
debutyear=1971|<br />
debutteam=[[Houston Astros]]|<br />
finaldate=[[July 14]]|<br />
finalyear=1980|<br />
finalteam=[[Houston Astros]]|<br />
stat1label=[[Win (baseball)|Record]]|<br />
stat1value=107–71|<br />
stat2label=[[Earned run average|ERA]]|<br />
stat2value=3.15|<br />
stat3label=[[Strikeout]]s|<br />
stat3value=1493|<br />
teams=<nowiki></nowiki><br />
*[[Houston Astros]] (1971–1980)|<br />
highlights=<nowiki></nowiki><br />
*Led [[National League]] in [[earned run average|ERA]] in 1979<br />
*Led NL in [[strikeout]]s in 1978 and 1979<br />
*Led NL in [[Strikeouts per 9 innings pitched|strikeouts per nine innings]] in 1978 and 1979<br />
*Led NL in fewest [[hits per nine innings]] in 1976, 1978, 1979<br />
*Led NL in lowest opponent [[batting average]] in 1978 and 1979<br />
*NL [[Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star]] in 1980<br />
*Finished in the top 5 of NL [[Cy Young Award]] voting in 1978 and 1979<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''James Rodney Richard''' (born [[March 7]] [[1950]]) is a former right-handed [[starting pitcher]] in [[Major League Baseball]]. Richard spent his entire Major League playing career, spanning 1971 to 1980, with a single team, the [[Houston Astros]]. After a remarkable high school career, he was selected by the Astros as the second pick in the first round of the 1969 [[Major League Baseball Draft|amateur draft]].<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/HOU/1969_trans.shtml|title=1969 Houston Astros Trades and Transactions|accessdate=2007-05-10|date=|last=|first=|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> From the time he made his major league debut with the Astros in 1971, Richard dominated hitters in the [[National League]] and was considered one of the premier pitchers of his time.<ref name="SN">{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.sportingnews.com/archives/sports2000/players/172526.html|title=The tragedy of J.R. Richard: A story seldom told|accessdate=2007-05-10|date=1999-08-05|last=Hochman|first=Ben|publisher=[[The Sporting News]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
From 1976 to 1979, Richard led the league twice in [[strikeout]]s, once in [[earned run average]], and three times in [[hits per nine innings|hits allowed per nine innings]], [[win (baseball)|winning]] at least 18 games each year.<ref name="BR">{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/r/richaj.01.shtml|title=J.R. Richard Statistics|accessdate=2007-05-10|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> However, Richard's career was cut short when he suffered a [[stroke]] and collapsed while playing a game of catch before an Astros game on [[July 30]], 1980. Richard was rushed to the hospital for emergency surgery to remove a life-threatening [[thrombus|blood clot]] in his neck. His condition put a sudden end to his major-league career at the age of thirty.<ref name="July1980">{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseballlibrary.com/baseballlibrary/chronology/1980JULY.stm|title=July 1980 in baseball|accessdate=2007-05-10|publisher=The Idea Logical Company, Inc}}</ref> His 313 strikeouts in 1979 remain an Astros franchise record, and he held the team's career record in strikeouts (1493) from 1980 to 1987.<br />
<br />
In 1981, Richard tried to stage a comeback with the Astros, but failed because the stroke had slowed down his [[reaction time]] and weakened his [[depth perception]]. He spent the next few seasons in the [[minor league baseball|minor leagues]] before being released by the Astros in 1984. After his professional baseball career ended, Richard became involved in unsuccessful business deals and went through two divorces, which by 1994 left him homeless and destitute. Richard found succor in a local church and, a few years later, became a [[minister (Christianity)|Christian minister]].<ref name="SN"/><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Richard was born to Clayton and Lizzie (''née'' Frost) Richard in [[Vienna, Louisiana]]<ref>{{cite book | last=Porter | first=David L. | title=Biographical Dictionary of American Sports| publisher= Greenwood Press| location=Boston | year = 2000|isbn=0-313-31176-5 | pages=p1276 }}</ref> and starred in both baseball and [[basketball]] at Lincoln High School in nearby [[Ruston, Louisiana|Ruston]].<ref name="Interview">{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.astrosdaily.com/players/interviews/Richard_JR.html|title=An Interview with J.R. Richard|accessdate=2007-05-11|date=2001-01-31|last=Kerby|first=Ray|publisher=The Astros Daily}}</ref> By the time he was a senior in high school, Richard stood six&nbsp;[[foot (unit of length)|feet]], eight&nbsp;[[inch]]es tall (2.03&nbsp;m) and weighed 220&nbsp;[[pound (mass)|pounds]] (99.8&nbsp;kg).<ref name="p158">{{cite book | last=Klawans | first=Harold L. | title=Why Michael Could not Hit: And Other Tales of the Neurology of Sports| publisher= W. H. Freeman| location=New York | year =1996 |isbn=0-7167-3001-4 | pages=p158 }}</ref> That year, as the starting pitcher for his high school team, he did not allow a single run in the entire season. He also demonstrated prowess as a [[batting (baseball)|hitter]]; in one game, he hit four consecutive [[home run]]s while pitching his team to a 48–0 victory against its local rival, [[Jonesboro, Louisiana|Jonesboro]] Jackson High School.<ref name="AS">{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.astrosdaily.com/files/team/richard/richard.html|title=James Rodney "J.R." Richard, #50 |accessdate=2007-05-11|date=2006-01-06|publisher=The Astros Daily}}</ref> Richard, whose baseball idol was star [[St. Louis Cardinals]] pitcher [[Bob Gibson]], never lost a game he started in his high school career.<ref name="Interview"/> After graduating, he turned down more than 200 basketball scholarship offers to sign with the Houston Astros,<ref>Porter (2000), p. 1277.</ref> who had made him the second overall pick in the 1969 amateur baseball draft, behind the [[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Washington Senators']] selection of [[outfielder]] [[Jeff Burroughs]].<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/feats/1969draft.shtml|title=1969 Amateur Draft: First Round Picks |accessdate=2007-05-11|publisher=Baseball Almanac}}</ref> Richard later recalled, "There were other guys in my high school with as much ability as I had, but instead of working at a job, they wanted to drink wine on Saturday nights. They thought that was the in thing to do, and consequently our lives went in different directions. For some people it takes that to make a world. It does not for me."<ref>{{Citation |last=Reid |first=Ron |title=Sweet whiff of success |periodical=[[Sports Illustrated]] |volume=49 |issue=10 |pages=p66-68 |date=[[1978-09-04]] }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Start in the minor leagues==<br />
After the Astros drafted Richard, he was sent to rookie-level minor league baseball with the Covington Astros of the [[Appalachian League]].<ref name="TBC">{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.thebaseballcube.com/players/R/J.R.-Richard.shtml|title=J. R. Richard Baseball Statistics|accessdate=2007-05-14|publisher=The Baseball Cube}}</ref> Richard started 12 games for Covington, finishing with five wins and four [[loss (baseball)|losses]]. He struck out a high number of batters on average, but had trouble throughout the season with his pitching mechanics and [[strike zone|control]]. In 56 [[innings pitched|innings]], Richard struck out 71 batters, but [[base on balls|walked]] 52 and gave up 41 [[earned run]]s, resulting in a 6.59 earned run average.<ref name="TBC"/><br />
<br />
The following year, Richard was promoted to the Cocoa Astros of the [[Florida State League]] in high-A minor league baseball. Just 20 years old, Richard dominated the league in 1970. He threw a [[no-hitter]] against the Daytona Beach Dodgers, catching the eye of the Houston Astros parent club. Richard again compiled a low hits per nine innings (H/9IP) ratio by giving up only 67 [[hit (baseball)|hits]] in 109 total innings pitched.<ref name="AS"/> Despite his 4—11 win-loss record, Richard finished the season with a 2.39 ERA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebaseballcube.com/stats.asp?Y=1970&ID=10509|title=1970 Cocoa Astros Statistics|accessdate=2007-05-15|publisher=The Baseball Cube}}</ref> During the season, his fastball occasionally clocked in at over 100 [[miles per hour]], and his overpowering slider hit over 93&nbsp;miles per hour, both of which were faster than those of most major-league pitchers.<ref name="AS"/><br />
<br />
During the 1970-71 off-season, the Astros advanced Richard to the Class AAA, one step below the major leagues, with the [[Oklahoma City 89ers]] of the now-defunct [[American Association (20th century)|American Association]]. Richard wore number 50 on his jersey, and kept that uniform number for the rest of his minor-league and major-league career. Richards continued his dominating performances, starting 23 of the 24 total games in which he pitched that season, hurling eight [[complete game]]s, and leading the league with 202 strikeouts in nearly 173 innings of work. He kept his ERA down to a low 2.45, and gave up only 47 earned runs and 116 hits.<ref name="TBC"/> He had twelve wins and seven losses in the season before being called up by the Houston Astros.<br />
<br />
==Early major league career==<br />
===1971 season===<br />
Richard came into Major League Baseball with the Astros in 1971 as an early [[Major League Baseball transactions#25-man and 40-man roster|September call-up]]. Richard made his major league debut with the Astros in the second game of a [[doubleheader (baseball)|doubleheader]] on [[September 5]] at just 21 years of age. He was pitted against [[Jim Willoughby]], a starter who was also making his major-league debut with the National League [[National League West|Western Division]] leader [[San Francisco Giants]].<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/w/willoji01.shtml|title=Jim Willoughby Statistics|accessdate=2007-05-15|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> Richard dominated hitters throughout the game with his fastball-slider combination. In the first inning, he gave up two [[run (baseball)|runs]] on a two-out [[double (baseball)|double]] by Al Gallagher that scored [[Bobby Bonds]] and [[batting order (baseball)|leadoff hitter]] [[Ken Henderson]], but also struck out future Hall of Famer [[Willie Mays]].<ref name="Debut">{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1971/B09052SFN1971.htm|title=September 5, 1971 Game - Houston Astros vs. San Francisco Giants|accessdate=2007-05-15|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> Richard settled down afterwards; Willoughby, on the other hand, after giving up two runs in the third and surrendering a [[triple (baseball)|triple]] to [[Jesus Alou]] that later scored a run in the inning, was removed from the mound.<ref name="Debut"/> Richard cruised through each inning, racking up strikeout after strikeout. He finished the game by striking out the three batters he faced in the bottom of the ninth inning. Richard picked up the win in the game, and tied [[Karl Spooner]]'s seventeen-year-old major league record for striking out fifteen batters in his first major league start.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9405EFD81738F931A25757C0A962948260|title=Karl Spooner, 52; Pitcher for Dodgers Had a Brief Career|accessdate=2007-05-15|date=1984-04-12|publisher=[[United Press International]]}}</ref> Richard was charged with two earned runs and seven hits in the 5–3 Astros win, and struck out both Mays and [[Dick Dietz]] three times.<ref name="Debut"/><br />
<br />
Richard made his next start, after five days rest, against the [[Cincinnati Reds]],<ref name="1971Logs">{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/gl.cgi?n1=richaj.01&t=p&year=1971|title=J.R. Richard 1971 Pitching Gamelogs|accessdate=2007-05-15|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> who later finished in a tie for fourth place with the Astros in the NL West.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NL_1971.shtml|title=1971 National League (NL) Statistics and Awards|accessdate=2007-05-15|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> He pitched five innings of two-hit, one-run ball after giving up a leadoff home run to [[Pete Rose]] in the first inning. He struck out five batters, but walked six.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1971/B09110CIN1971.htm|title=September 11, 1971 Game - Houston Astros vs. Cincinnati Reds|accessdate=2007-05-15|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> Richard faced rougher outings in his two following starts during the remainder of the season. In a match-up against the Astros' division rival, the third-place [[Atlanta Braves]], on [[September 16]], Richard pitched seven innings, and surrendered four runs on seven hits. He struck out nine batters, and even struck out the side in the first inning, but also walked four batters. Furthermore, he threw two [[wild pitch]]es when facing eventual career home run leader [[Hank Aaron]] in the first inning and the Braves' leadoff hitter, [[Félix Millán]], in the fifth inning.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/B09160HOU1971.htm|title=September 16, 1971 Game - Houston Astros vs. Atlanta Braves|accessdate=2007-05-15|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> In his final game of the season, against the Giants, Richard was replaced on the mound in the first inning after pitching to only four batters.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/HOU/HOU197109220.shtml|title=September 22, 1971 Game - Houston Astros vs. San Francisco Giants|accessdate=2007-05-15|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref><br />
<br />
===In and and out of the minors===<br />
Richard split time between the minors and majors during the next few seasons and did not become a regular starter with the Astros until 1975. After his brief stint in the majors in 1971, Richard was sent back down to Class-AAA baseball to work on his pitching with the Oklahoma City 89ers for the 1972 season. He [[games started|started]] nineteen games with the 89ers before being called back up to the Astros. Richard again dominated Triple-A baseball in the American Association, and finished with ten wins and eight losses on the season in 128 innings of work. His 3.02 ERA was slightly higher than that of the previous season, but he maintained approximately the same [[Bases on balls per 9 innings pitched|walks per nine innings ratio]] (BB/9IP) that he had the previous year. He recorded six complete games and finished with 169 strikeouts, for a ratio of 11.88 strikeouts per nine innings.<ref name="TBC"/> Richard re-entered the majors, starting a day game of a day-night doubleheader for the Astros against the [[San Diego Padres]] on [[July 30]], 1972.<ref name="1972Logs">{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/gl.cgi?n1=richaj.01&t=p&year=1972|title=J.R. Richard 1972 Pitching Gamelogs|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> He had a rough outing and took the 10-7 loss.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1972/B07301HOU1972.htm|title=July 30, 1972 Game - San Diego Padres vs. Houston Astros|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> Richard did not pitch again until two weeks later, when he entered in [[relief pitcher|relief]] for [[Ken Forsch]] in the fifth inning to keep the Giants limited to a one-run lead. In two innings of relief, Richard gave up one hit, struck out three batters and garnered a win.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1972/B08140HOU1972.htm|title=August 14, 1972 Game - Houston Astros vs. San Francisco Giants|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> In his two final relief appearances of the season, Richard gave up five earned runs in just over an inning of work.<ref name="1972Logs"/> He finished the season with a 13.50 ERA in only six innings of work and was again promptly sent back down to Triple-A, this time with the Astros-affiliated [[New Orleans Zephyrs|Denver Bears]].<br />
<br />
Richard started eight games with the Bears in 1973 and posted minor league career-worsts in ERA and hits allowed per nine innings. Despite his poor performance with the Bears, Richard was again called up by the Astros. Richard entered in the fourth inning of a [[June 16]] game against the St. Louis Cardinals and his idol Bob Gibson. He pitched four innings of one-run ball, and three innings of two-hit ball in his next relief outing. Afterwards, the Astros placed Richard in the starting rotation and he made his first major league start since [[July 30]] of the previous year. He pitched six solid innings of a one-run ballgame and struck out six, while walking three, batters. He picked up the win, and made his next start four days later.<ref name="1973Logs">{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/gl.cgi?n1=richaj.01&t=p&year=1973|title=J.R. Richard 1973 Pitching Gamelogs|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> Richard again pitched more than six innings, but earned no decision after the Astros' [[bullpen]] collapsed and gave up nine runs during the bottom of the ninth inning.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1973/B06290HOU1973.htm|title=June 29, 1973 Game - Houston Astros vs. San Francisco Giants|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> <br />
<br />
After starting a [[July 4]] game against the Braves (which he won), Richard was sent into the bullpen to create room for [[Tom Griffin (baseball player)|Tom Griffin]] who was entering the Astros' starting pitching rotation. He made three relief appearances against the [[Washington Nationals|Montreal Expos]] before making a start against the [[Los Angeles Dodgers]] on [[July 27]].<ref name="1973Logs"/> Four days later, Richard threw his first [[shutout]] against the Dodgers, in which he gave up just five hits and struck out nine batters.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1973/B08010HOU1973.htm|title=August 1, 1973 Game - Houston Astros vs. Los Angeles Dodgers|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> Nineteen days later, Richard pitched another complete game, this time giving up two runs while striking out nine and walking three batters.<ref name="1973Logs"/> He concluded the season with six wins and two losses in sixteen total games, ten of which he started. He finished with a 4.00 ERA, and struck out 75 batters in 72 innings. He walked 38 batters, giving him a ratio of 4.75 walks per nine innings, which was lower than the ratio he had had in his two previous minor league seasons.<ref name="AS"/><br />
<br />
Despite his improved performance in the 1973 season, Richard was sent down to work on his pitching mechanics and ball control in Class-AA baseball with the [[Carolina Mudcats|Columbus Astros]] of the [[Southern League (baseball)|Southern League]].<ref name="TBC"/> He started thirteen games with Columbus before being moved back up to Class-AAA with the Denver Bears. In four starts with the Bears, Richard threw three shutouts and pitched 33 scoreless innings with a 4–0 record and 26 strikeouts.<ref name="AS"/> He was recalled into the majors on [[July 13]] and stayed with the Astros for the remainder of the season. He first pitched fourteen innings of baseball in six relief appearances before being placed on the starting rotation.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/gl.cgi?share=1&n1=richaj.01&year=1974&t=p#25:30:sum|title=J.R. Richard pitching from career game #25 (Jul 16, 1974) to game #30 (Aug 3, 1974)|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> He then started in all nine of the games he pitched during the remainder of the season. Richard finished with a 4.18 ERA in just over 64 innings of work during the fifteen pitching appearances he made during the season.<ref name="BR"/><br />
<br />
==Mainstay with the Astros==<br />
In the off-season, the Astros traded away starting pitcher [[Claude Osteen]] to the Cardinals, and lost pitching ace [[Don Wilson (baseball player)|Don Wilson]], who committed suicide by [[carbon monoxide poisoning]] at the age of twenty-nine on [[January 5]], [[1975]].<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseballlibrary.com/baseballlibrary/ballplayers/W/Wilson_Don.stm|title=Don Wilson Biography|accessdate=2007-05-17|last=Eckhouse|first=Morris A.|publisher=Baseball Library}}</ref> As a result, Richard entered the 1975 season as the third starter of the Astros' pitching rotation, behind veterans [[Larry Dierker]] and [[Dave Roberts (baseball pitcher)|Dave Roberts]]. Richard got the nod to start on [[April 9]] versus the Braves.<ref name="1975Logs">{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/gl.cgi?n1=richaj.01&t=p&year=1975|title=J.R. Richard 1975 Pitching Gamelogs|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> He was removed from the game in the fifth inning after jamming his toe on the first base bag, but gave up no earned runs in his start.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1975/B04090HOU1975.htm|title=April 9, 1975 Game - Houston Astros vs. Atlanta Braves|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> Richard continued to exhibit wild pitching, as shown when he issued eight walks in both his third and fourth starts of the season.<ref name="1975Logs"/> He bounced back to pitch a complete game win in the following game against the San Diego Padres on [[April 29]].<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1975/B04290SDN1975.htm|title=April 29, 1975 Game - Houston Astros vs. San Diego Padres|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> The following start, he walked a career-high eleven batters in just six innings of pitching and also gave up seven runs in the Astros' 12–8 win over the Giants.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1975/B05042SFN1975.htm|title=May 4, 1975 Game - Houston Astros vs. San Francisco Giants|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> By the All-Star break, Richard had six wins and four losses with a 4.93 ERA in just over 98 innings of work.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/gl.cgi?share=1&n1=richaj.01&year=1975&t=p#40:56:sum|title=J.R. Richard pitching from career game #40 (Apr 9, 1975) to game #56 (Jul 12, 1975)|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref><br />
<br />
In an [[August 10]] game against the [[Pittsburgh Pirates]], Richard yielded just one hit in six innings but walked ten batters which ultimately led to two runs being scored.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1975/B08100HOU1975.htm|title=August 10, 1975 Game - Houston Astros vs. Pittsburgh Pirates|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> He rebounded with a complete game shutout against the [[New York Mets]] eight days later. Richard ended the season on a strong note by winning three of his last four starts, including his final two games against the Dodgers, in which he pitched a complete game and an eight-inning performance, respectively.<ref name="1975Logs"/> He finished the year with a 12–10 record for the Astros, who finished with a franchise-worst 64–97 record.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/HOU/|title=Houston Astros Team Index|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> Richard was the only starter on the Astros' pitching staff who had a winning record for the season. He led the team with 176 strikeouts, which was also the fifth highest in the National League. Richard also led the league in walks allowed and wild pitches thrown, with 138 and 20, respectively.<ref name="BR"/><br />
<br />
===Breakout season===<br />
Richard entered the 1976 season as the pitching staff ace, and took over Larry Dierker's position as the [[Opening Day]] starter for the Astros. In his first start of the season, Richard gave up four runs in four innings against the defending [[World Series]] champion Cincinnati Reds on [[April 8]].<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1976/B04080CIN1976.htm|title=April 8, 1976 Game - Cincinnati Reds vs. Houston Astros|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> But he followed this inauspicious beginning with wins in five of his next six decisions. One of them included a ten-inning shutout effort that led to a sixteen-inning 1–0 Astros victory against the Dodgers.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1976/B04210HOU1976.htm|title=April 21, 1976 Game - Houston Astros vs. Los Angeles Dodgers|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> By the end of May, though, Richard was sitting even with a 5–5 record, loser of four straight decisions. He closed the first half of the season by winning a ten-inning shutout against the Mets on [[July 6]],<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1976/B07060HOU1976.htm|title=July 6, 1976 Game - Houston Astros vs. New York Mets|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> and an eight-inning start against the Expos four days later.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1976/B07100HOU1976.htm|title=July 10, 1976 Game - Houston Astros vs. Montreal Expos|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> At the All-Star break, Richard had a 9–9 record with a 2.88 ERA in over 153 innings of work.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/gl.cgi?share=1&n1=richaj.01&year=1976&t=p#73:93:sum|title=J.R. Richard pitching from career game #73 (Apr 8, 1976) to game #93 (Jul 10, 1976)|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref><br />
<br />
He came off of the All-Star break with dominating performances for the next two months. From [[July 10]] to [[August 31]], Richard racked up eight complete games, including one shutout, and he improved his record from 9-9 to 16-13.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/gl.cgi?n1=richaj.01&t=p&year=1976|title=J.R. Richard 1976 Pitching Gamelogs|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> He pitched 98 innings, and yielded only 22 earned runs, which gave him an ERA of 2.02 during the approximately fifty-day span.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/gl.cgi?share=1&n1=richaj.01&year=1976&t=p#94:105:sum|title=J.R. Richard pitching from career game #94 (Jul 15, 1976) to game #105 (Aug 31, 1976)|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> On [[August 26]], Richard hit his first home run of the season, a solo shot during the second inning of the game.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1976/B08260CHN1976.htm|title=August 26, 1976 Game - Houston Astros vs. Chicago Cubs|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> In his last game of the season on [[October 2]], Richard pitched a complete game thirteen-strikeout performance, and he also hit a two-run home run in the sixth inning.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1976/B10020HOU1976.htm|title=October 2, 1976 Game - Houston Astros vs. Chicago Cubs|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Richard finished the season with a 20–15 record, fourteen complete games, three shutouts, and 214 strikeouts in 291 innings of work. At age twenty-six, Richard became only the second pitcher in Astros' history (after Dierker in 1969<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/HOU/leaders_pitch.shtml|title=Houston Astros Pitching Leaders|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref>) to record twenty wins in a season, tying him for fourth in the NL that year.<ref name="BR"/> Richard also became the eighth member of the [[Black Aces]], an organization founded by [[Mudcat Grant]] that consists of the [[African American]] pitchers who have won at least twenty major league games in a single season.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20050217&content_id=944960&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=null|title='12 Black Aces' span generations|accessdate=2007-05-18|date=2005-02-21|last=Singer|first=Tom|publisher=[[MLB.com]]}}</ref> He was named the [[Most Valuable Player]] of the Astros by the [[Houston, Texas|Houston]] chapter of the [[Baseball Writers Association of America]] (BBWAA).<ref name="AS"/> Richard finished seventeenth in [[Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award|MVP Award]] voting and seventh in the NL's Cy Young Award voting.<ref name="BR"/> His 2.75 ERA was the seventh-best among the league's starting pitchers, and he held hitters to a 0.212 batting average.<ref name="p158"/> He led the league in lowest number of hits allowed per nine innings and in walks allowed; Richard also finished the season second in batters faced, innings pitched and games started. In addition, he led all NL pitchers with fourteen hits, two home runs, and nine [[run batted in|runs batted in]] as a hitter.<ref name="AS"/> However, during the year he committed ten [[error (baseball)|errors]] and finished with an 0.853 [[fielding percentage]], nearly 0.100 lower than the league average.<ref name="BR"/><br />
<br />
==Among the best in the league==<br />
===1977 season===<br />
Richard began the 1977 season on a high note with a nine-inning, seven-strikeout performance on [[April 8]] against the Braves.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1977/B04080HOU1977.htm|title=April 8, 1977 Game - Houston Astros vs. Atlanta Braves|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> He pitched effortlessly for the first half of the season, pitching complete game victories on [[April 22]], [[May 11]], [[May 20]], [[May 31]], [[June 11]], [[June 20]], and [[July 11]].<ref name="1977Logs">{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/gl.cgi?n1=richaj.01&t=p&year=1977|title=J.R. Richard 1977 Pitching Gamelogs|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> By the All-Star break, Richard had nine wins and six losses in over 160 innings of work, accompanied by 119 strikeouts and a 2.69 ERA.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/gl.cgi?share=1&n1=richaj.01&year=1977&t=p#112:132:sum|title=J.R. Richard pitching from career game #112 (Apr 8, 1977) to game #132 (Jul 16, 1977)|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> He had a few rough outings in late July and early August, but managed to pitch three complete games (two were shutouts) in five starts from [[August 27]] to [[September 17]].<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/gl.cgi?share=1&n1=richaj.01&year=1977&t=p#140:144:sum|title=J.R. Richard pitching from career game #140 (Aug 27, 1977) to game #144 (Sep 17, 1977)|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> He had eleven and ten strikeouts respectively in the final two starts of that roughly twenty-day span.<ref name="1977Logs"/><br />
<br />
Richard closed out the season with two complete games, the first against the Braves on [[September 27]],<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1977/B09270ATL1977.htm|title=September 27, 1977 Game - Houston Astros vs. Atlanta Braves|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> and the second against the Dodgers on [[October 2]].<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1977/B10020LAN1977.htm|title=October 2, 1977 Game - Houston Astros vs. Los Angeles Dodgers|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> He had a season-high fourteen strikeouts in his final start, which tied [[Steve Carlton]]'s season-high mark.<ref name="AS"/> Richard concluded the season on a high note by winning nine of his last twelve decisions. At the end of the season, he stood atop the Astros' pitching staff in wins, starts, complete games, innings pitched, walks and strikeouts. He had eighteen wins and twelve losses in 267 innings pitched and posted a 2.97 ERA and 214 strikeouts. For the first time since becoming a permanent member of the Astros' starting rotation, Richard was not the league leader in walks allowed, but as he did in 1976, he led the league in wild pitches. He finished fourth in the league with thirteen complete games, and he improved his fielding from the previous season by going the season error-free with a 1.000 fielding percentage.<ref name="BR"/> <br />
<br />
Richard also hit well at the plate, going 20-for-87 on the season with two triples, two home runs and seven runs batted in.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/gl.cgi?share=1&n1=richaj.01&year=1977&t=b#112:147:sum|title=J.R. Richard batting from career game #112 (Apr 8, 1977) to game #147 (Oct 2, 1977)|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> After the season was completed, Richard underwent an emergency [[appendicectomy]] on [[October 26]], [[1977]] at a Houston hospital. He spent most of the off-season working out at the [[Reliant Astrodome|Houston Astrodome]] and, for relaxation, [[fishing]]. In early 1978, he was a participant in [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC's]] [[Superstars]] all-around sports competition.<ref name="AS"/><br />
<br />
===Record-setting year===<br />
Richard entered the 1978 season as one of the Astros' best pitchers since the team's creation in 1962. In his first game of the season, he gave up seven runs on eleven hits, and just made it into the fifth inning before being replaced in a loss to the Cincinnati Reds.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1978/B04060CIN1978.htm|title=April 6, 1978 Game - Cincinnati Reds vs. Houston Astros|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> He recovered from the loss by pitching a complete game two-hit shutout in his next outing against the Dodgers.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1978/B04110HOU1978.htm|title=April 1, 1978 Game - Houston Astros vs. Los Angeles Dodgers|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> In an eight-start period from [[April 26]] to [[June 4]], Richard threw six complete games, including two back-to-back shutouts, and lowered his ERA from 4.15 to 3.05. He gave up only 39 hits in the 63 total innings he pitched, and struck out 67, or more than one batter an inning during that period of time. On [[June 9]], in a start against the Cardinals, Richard pitched more than five innings and struck out twelve batters but also walked six and gave up five earned runs.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1978/B06090SLN1978.htm|title=June 9, 1978 Game - Houston Astros vs. St. Louis Cardinals|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> He closed out the first half of the season with back-to-back games with nine and twelve strikeout performances, against the Reds and Dodgers respectively.<ref name="1978Logs">{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/gl.cgi?n1=richaj.01&t=p&year=1978|title=J.R. Richard 1978 Pitching Gamelogs|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> At the All-Star break, he had eight wins and nine losses and a 3.49 ERA, but he also had 157 strikeouts in just a little over 139 innings of work.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/gl.cgi?share=1&n1=richaj.01&year=1978&t=p#148:166:sum|title=J.R. Richard pitching from career game #148 (Apr 6, 1978) to game #166 (Jul 9, 1978)|accessdate=2007-05-17|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the break, Richard threw an eleven-inning, ten-strikeout game against the Expos and followed with two complete games and another nine-inning performance in a game that went into extra innings.<ref name="1978Logs"/> He was selected as the National League Player of the Month after going a perfect 4–0 with a 1.29 ERA and 58 strikeouts in 56 innings during July.<ref name="AS"/> Throughout much of August, his season ERA was hovering below 3.00 and he was averaging well over a strikeout per inning. On [[August 21]], in an 8-3 victory over the [[Chicago Cubs]], he broke Don Wilson's 1969 club record of 235 strikeouts. In the final two months of the season, Richard's strikeout average dramatically increased and he struck out a double-digit number of batters in three of his last five starts.<ref name="1978Logs"/> In his third-to-last start, Richard broke [[Tom Seaver]]'s NL record of 290 strikeouts by a right-hander when he struck out [[Bob Horner]]. In his final outing of the season, Richard reached the 300-strikeout pinnacle by striking out [[Rowland Office]] in a [[September 28]] victory over the Braves. He also hit his seventh career home run, making him the Astros' career leader in home runs by a pitcher.<ref name="AS"/> At that time, he became only the tenth pitcher, third National Leaguer and first NL right-hander in history to strike out over 300 batters in a single season.<ref name="AS"/><br />
<br />
Richard finished the season with eighteen wins, eleven losses and a 3.11 ERA. He led the team's pitching staff in innings pitched, starts, complete games, shutouts, hits allowed, earned runs, walks allowed and strikeouts. He had twelve wins and five losses at home, and held batters to a 0.156 batting average at home<ref name="AS"/> and a 0.196 average overall, which was the lowest in the NL.<ref name="p159">Klawans (1996), p. 159.</ref> Richard again faired well in the field, finishing with three errors and a 0.957 fielding percentage, slightly higher than the 0.950 league average.<ref name="BR"/> He finished fourth in the Cy Young Award voting, behind [[Gaylord Perry]], [[Burt Hooton]] and [[Vida Blue]].<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/awards/awards_1978.shtml#NLcya|title=Awards Voting for 1978|accessdate=2007-05-18|publisher=Sports Reference, inc}}</ref> He finished atop the league in strikeouts per nine innings (9.90), fewest hits allowed per nine innings (6.28), walks (141), and wild pitches (16).<ref name="BR"/><br />
<br />
In his second game of the 1979 season, Richard set the modern-day record for throwing six wild pitches in a single game against the Dodgers. Despite this, he finished the game with a thirteen-strikeout performance in a 2–1 Astros victory.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1979/B04100HOU1979.htm|title=April 10, 1979 Game - Houston Astros vs. Los Angeles Dodgers|accessdate=2007-05-18|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> He won his first four decisions that season, but those victories were quickly followed by four losses. He continued to accumulate strikeouts and finally began to walk fewer batters on average, exhibiting a greater control over his pitching. Richard evened out his record at seven wins and seven losses by pitching a complete game three-hit shutout against the Padres on [[June 30]].<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1979/B06300SDN1979.htm|title=June 30, 1979 Game - Houston Astros vs. San Diego Padres|accessdate=2007-05-18|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> By the All-Star break, Richard had seven wins, ten losses, a 3.52 earned run average and 158 strikeouts in just a bit over 157 innings of work.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/gl.cgi?share=1&n1=richaj.01&year=1979&t=p#184:205:sum|title=J.R. Richard pitching from career game #184 (Apr 6, 1979) to game #205 (Jul 15, 1979)|accessdate=2007-05-18|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> By [[July 25]], his record stood at eight wins and eleven losses, but after he pitched nine straight complete games (including two-hit and three-hit shutouts on [[August 27]] and [[September 6]], respectively<ref name="1979Logs">{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/psplit.cgi?n1=richaj.01&year=1979|title=J.R. Richard 1979 Pitching Splits|accessdate=2007-05-18|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref>) through [[September 6]] and worked 86 consecutive innings without the need of a relief pitcher, which set an Astros club record, it was clear that he was on a winning streak.<ref>{{cite book | last=Goodman | first=Michael E. | title=The History of the Houston Astros| publisher= Creative Education| location=[[Mankato, Minnesota]] | year = 2002|isbn=1-58341-210-7 | pages=p17 }}</ref> On [[September 21]], in a game against the Reds, he pitched eleven innings and matched a career high of fifteen strikeouts,<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1979/B09210HOU1979.htm|title=September 21, 1979 Game - Houston Astros vs. Cincinnati Reds|accessdate=2007-05-18|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> which he also reached earlier in the season on [[August 3]] in a game against the Braves.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1979/B08030HOU1979.htm|title=August 3, 1979 Game - Houston Astros vs. Atlanta Braves|accessdate=2007-05-18|publisher=Retrosheet}}</ref> He closed out the season against the Dodgers by winning his eleventh straight game against the team, with his last loss coming on [[June 23]], 1976.<ref name="AS"/> He was honored as the National League Player of the Month for September after going 4–1 with a 1.24 ERA, four complete games, two shutouts and sixty-nine strikeouts in fifty-three innings pitched during the stretch.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/gl.cgi?share=1&n1=richaj.01&year=1979&t=p#215:221:sum|title=J.R. Richard pitching from career game #215 (Sep 1, 1979) to game #221 (Sep 29, 1979)|accessdate=2007-05-18|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> He finished the season with eighteen wins, thirteen losses and a league-best 2.71 ERA.<ref name="SN"/> He struck out ten or more batters fourteen times in the season, and totaled a league-leading 313 strikeouts for the season, breaking his own club record.<ref>Porter (2000), p. 1277.</ref> Richard joined [[Nolan Ryan]] and [[Sandy Koufax]] as the only modern-day pitchers to strike out over 300 batters in consecutive seasons. He led the club in ERA, complete games and innings pitched, and tied [[Joe Niekro]] in number of games started.<ref name="AS"/> He gave up 220 hits in the season, which gave him a league-best 6.77 hits per nine innings ratio. He again led the league by limiting the opposing hitters' batting averages to 0.209 that year.<ref name="p159"/> Richard finished fifth in the league in walks allowed, after finishing the season with his first sub-100 total since he became a mainstay starter with the Astros. He also led the league with a 9.64 strikeouts per nine inning ratio and again in wild pitches.<ref name="BR"/> Richard finished 19th in National League MVP Award voting, and third in Cy Young Award voting, behind winner [[Bruce Sutter]] and teammate Joe Niekro, who had racked up 21 wins and a 3.00 ERA on the season.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/awards/awards_1979.shtml#NLcya|title=Awards Voting for 1979: National League Cy Young Award |accessdate=2007-05-18|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> Richard faired slightly worse in batting and fielding, finishing with a 0.126 batting average and a 0.902 fielding percentage and five errors.<ref name="BR"/><br />
<br />
===1980 season===<br />
1980 was looking to be Richard's best season yet in the major leagues, and there was great anticipation for the season as he was now teamed with seven-time [[American League]] strikeout champion Nolan Ryan, who had joined the Astros as a free agent. Richard started the year with five straight wins, 48 strikeouts (including two starts with twelve and thirteen strikeouts), and a sub-2.00 ERA.<ref name="1980GL">{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/gl.cgi?n1=richaj.01&t=p&year=1980|title=J.R. Richard 1980 Pitching Gamelogs|accessdate=2007-05-12|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> At one point, Richard threw three straight complete game shutouts, two against the Giants and one against the Cubs.<ref name="1980GL"/> On [[July 3]], he broke Dierker's team record of 1487 career strikeouts in a 5-3 win over the Braves; it was to be his last major league victory. After finishing the first half of the season with a 10–4 record, 115 strikeouts and a 1.96 ERA,<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/gl.cgi?share=1&n1=richaj.01&year=1980&t=p#222:237:sum|title=J.R. Richard 1980 Pitching Gamelogs: April 10–July 3|accessdate=2007-05-12|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> Richard was selected to be the NL's starting pitcher in the All-Star Game on [[July 8]], but he pitched just two innings due to various back and shoulder problems.<ref name="July1980"/> As the season progressed, Richard began to complain of "dead arm," citing discomfort in his shoulder and forearm.<ref name="July1980"/> His concerns fell on deaf ears. Some in the media even interpreted these complaints as whining, theorizing that Richard was egotistical and could not handle the pressure of pitching for the Astros.<ref name="AS"/><br />
<br />
During his next start on [[July 14]] against the Braves, Richard was pitching well and even struck out the side in the second inning, but he began to have trouble with his vision and arm movements. He left the game in the fourth inning after throwing a fastball and feeling his right arm go "dead." He had numbness in the fingers of his right hand and could not grasp a baseball.<ref>Klawans (1996), p. 161.</ref> The Astros placed Richard on the 21-day disabled list.<ref name="July1980"/> Nine days later, he checked into Methodist Hospital in Houston for a series of physical and psychological tests to determine the cause of his mysterious arm problems. An [[angiogram]] revealed an obstruction in the distal subclavian and axillary arteries of the right arm. Richard's blood pressure in his left arm was normal, but pressure was nearly absent in his right arm due to the completely obstructed artery.<ref name="p162">Klawans (1996), p. 162.</ref> On [[July 25]], however, the arteries in his neck were studied, and the doctors reached a conclusion that all was normal and no surgical treatment needed to be performed.<ref name="AS"/><br />
<br />
On [[July 30]], Richard went to see a [[chiropractor]] who rotated his neck to fix the flow of blood in his upper torso region. That day, Richard was participating in warm-ups before the game when he suffered a major stroke and collapsed in the outfield. Prior to the stroke, he had a headache and a feeling of weakness through his body. Eventually, that progressed into vision problems and paralysis in the left side of his body.<ref>Klawans (1996), p. 168.</ref> A massive blockage in his right carotid artery necessitated emergency surgery that evening. An examination by [[neurologist]] William S. Fields showed that Richard was still experiencing weakness in his extremities and on the left side of his face. He also had blurred vision through his left eye. A [[Computed tomography|CAT scan]] of Richard's brain later showed that Richard had experienced three separate strokes from the different obstructions in his arterial system. Furthermore, the arteries in his right arm were still obstructed.<ref>Klawans (1996), p169</ref> Later examinations showed that Richard was suffering from extensive [[Thoracic outlet syndrome|arterial thoracic outlet syndrome]], that is, his [[clavicle]] and first [[rib]] pinched his [[subclavian artery]] during the pitching motion.<ref name="Robbins">{{cite book | last=Robbins | first=Mike | title=Ninety Feet from Fame: Close Calls With Baseball Immortality| publisher= Carroll & Graf Publishers| location= New York| year = 2004|isbn=0-7867-1335-6 | pages=p767 }}</ref> With this problem, Richard would feel normal for the first few innings of the game, but after putting repeated pressure on his subclavian artery, his arm would start to ache in pain and eventually start to feel "heavy".<ref>Klawans (1996), p. 165.</ref><br />
Richard underwent rehabilitation and missed the rest of the season. Meanwhile, the Astros recovered from the loss of one of their staff aces, and qualified for the [[1980 National League Championship Series|playoffs]] for the first time in the club's 18-year history.<br />
<br />
===Attempt at a comeback===<br />
In 1981, Richard underwent a rehabilitation program in hopes of recovering from the effects of the stroke. He worked out with the Astros and also at [[Texas Southern University]] and participated regularly in pitching and batting practice towards the end of the baseball season. After pitching in a few simulated games, Richard was placed on the forty-man [[Major League Baseball rosters|active roster]] on [[September 1]], 1981. Astros manager [[Bill Virdon]] did not think Richard was ready to come back, therefore he did not pitch with the team during the last two months of the season.<ref name="AS"/> <br />
<br />
The following year, Richard pitched in a single [[spring training]] game, and then went into extended spring training in [[Sarasota, Florida]], during the first two months of the season. There he registered three wins and two losses and a 3.38 ERA in seven starts with thirty-two total innings. Afterwards, he joined the major league rehab program with the Daytona Beach Astros of the Florida State League.<ref name="AS"/> In his six starts, Richard notched three wins, two complete games and posted a 2.79 ERA. He was then promoted to Triple-A baseball with the [[Tucson Toros]] of the [[Pacific Coast League]]. At this level, he struggled to control the ball, which led to him giving up a high number of runs to opposing teams. He took a loss on [[August 12]] against the [[Phoenix Firebirds]] and on [[August 27]] against the [[Salt Lake City Gulls]] in a 13–0 rout.<ref name="AS"/> His longest outing as a starter—more than five innings—was an appearance against the Firebirds in the last game of the season on [[September 1]]. Afterwards, he joined the Astros' extended roster but did not play in any games. He spent most of his time with the club in batting and pitching practice.<br />
<br />
In 1983, Richard started to complain of a pain in his left calf. The synthetic graft inserted in his July 1980 surgery had closed off, which meant that he needed a [[bypass (surgical)|surgical bypass]] in his left leg.<ref>Klawans (1996), p. 170.</ref> Richard was granted free agency by the Astros on [[November 7]], 1983, but the Astros still had faith in Richard, and they re-signed him on [[February 17]] of the following year. Just a little over two months later, he was released by the Astros, thus ending his baseball career.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/HOU/1984_trans.shtml|title=1984 Houston Astros Trades and Transactions|accessdate=2007-05-18|publisher=Sports Reference, Inc}}</ref> Despite an almost complete recovery, his career was over because he could not risk future medical issues. His final major league record was 107-71, with 1493 strikeouts and a 3.15 ERA in 238 games and 1606 innings. Nolan Ryan broke his team record for career strikeouts in 1987.<br />
<br />
==After baseball==<br />
After his professional baseball career ended, Richard went back to Louisiana and invested in some business ventures. He was scammed by an oil business and lost over three hundred thousand dollars in the deal.<ref name="Robbins"/> A few years later, Richard paid $669,000 in a divorce settlement to his ex-wife, Carolyn. He married and divorced again<!--name of the woman?-->, losing his suburban Houston home and most of his money in this second divorce.<ref name="SN"/> In 1989, Richard was drafted into the [[Senior Professional Baseball Association]] and played for the [[Orlando Juice]], but was cut from the team in preseason play.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE6D9103FF934A15753C1A96F948260|title=Baseball Deals|accessdate=2007-05-18|date=1989-10-27|last=|first=|publisher=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In the winter of 1994, Richard was homeless and destitute and lived under a bridge in Houston. By 1995, Richard was eligible for his major league baseball pension and that year he also participated in the [[Old-Timers' Day]] game with the Astros. In the following months, he turned to the Now Testament Church and sought help from its minister, Reverend Floyd Lewis. Richard overcame his homelessness by working with the reverend, with a belief that he "always knew God was on his side".<ref name="SN"/> Richard would later become a minister at the church. He also started working at an asphalt company.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.baseballlibrary.com/baseballlibrary/features/flashbacks/07_30_1980.stm|title=Stroke Ends Richard's Career|accessdate=2007-06-10|date=|last=Hale|first=Nathan|publisher=Baseball Library}}</ref><br />
<br />
He got involved in the Houston community, and started working with financial donors in Houston to help establish baseball programs for kids.<ref name="AS"/> A small-budget 2005 movie entitled ''Resurrection: The J.R. Richard Story'' detailed Richard's baseball career as well as his life after baseball.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/sports/bb/3137389.html|title=J.R.'s movie not really J.R.'s movie|accessdate=2007-05-18|date=2005-04-16|last=Herskowitz|first=Mickey|publisher=[[Houston Chronicle]]}}</ref> A recent online petition was also created by Astros fans to convince the team to retire Richard's number. The petition has collected over 3,100 signatures from Astros fans and other baseball enthusiasts.<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.petitiononline.com/mod_perl/signed.cgi?richrd50|title=Retire J.R. Richard's #50 Petition|accessdate=2007-05-18|date=2004-03-23|last=Chandler|first=Jason|publisher=Artifice, Inc}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of Major League Baseball ERA champions]]<br />
* [[List of Major League Baseball strikeout champions]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{baseball-reference|id=r/richaj.01}}<br />
*[http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/R/Prichj101.htm Retrosheet: J. R. Richard]<br />
*[http://www.baseballlibrary.com/baseballlibrary/ballplayers/R/Richard_JR.stm BaseballLibrary] - biography and career highlights<br />
*[http://www.sportingnews.com/archives/sports2000/players/172526.html ''The Sporting News'' - The tragedy of J.R. Richard: A story seldom told] - August 1999 story<br />
*[http://www.astrosdaily.com/files/team/richard/richard.html AstrosDaily.com]<br />
*[http://www.cbn.com/entertainment/Sports/700club_jrrichards082605.aspx CBN.com - J.R. Richard: When the Bottom Falls Out] - August 2005 story<br />
<br />
{{start box}}<br />
{{succession box | title=[[List of Major League Baseball strikeout champions|National League Strikeout Champion]] | before= [[Phil Niekro]] | years=1978–1979 | after= [[Steve Carlton]]}}<br />
{{succession box | title=[[List of Major League Baseball ERA champions|National League ERA Champion]] | before= [[Craig Swan]] | years=1979 | after= [[Don Sutton]]}}<br />
{{end box}}<br />
<br />
{{Persondata<br />
|NAME=Richard, J. R.<br />
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=James Rodney Richard<br />
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Major League Baseball starting pitcher; career ended at age 30 when he suffered a stroke <br />
|DATE OF BIRTH=[[March 7]] [[1950]]<br />
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Vienna, Lousiana]], [[United States of America]]<br />
|DATE OF DEATH=<br />
|PLACE OF DEATH=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Richard, J. R.}}<br />
[[Category:1950 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Major league pitchers]]<br />
[[Category:Houston Astros players]]<br />
[[Category:National League All-Stars]]<br />
[[Category:Major league players from Louisiana]]<br />
[[Category:American baseball players]]<br />
[[Category:National League ERA champions]]<br />
[[Category:National League strikeout champions]]<br />
[[Category:People from Louisiana]]<br />
[[Category:People from Houston]]<br />
<br />
[[it:J. R. Richard]]<br />
[[simple:J. R. Richard]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brad_Snyder_(baseball)&diff=153839781Brad Snyder (baseball)2007-08-26T23:48:28Z<p>Matty j: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Bradley Michael "Brad" Snyder''' (born [[May 25]], [[1982]] in [[Sandusky, Ohio|Sandusky]], [[Ohio]]) is an [[outfielder]] in the [[Cleveland Indians]] organization of [[Major League Baseball]]. He attended [[Ball State University]] from 2001–2003. In 168 games with Ball State, Snyder [[batting average|hit]] .378 with 36 [[home runs]] and 150 [[RBI]]. He was a first team Freshman All-America selection in 2001 and a first team All-American and the [[Mid-American Conference]] Player of the Year in 2003.<ref><br />
{{cite web<br />
| url = http://ballstatesports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?&DB_OEM_ID=14200&ATCLID=713954&SPID=6783&SPSID=62140<br />
| title = Brad Snyder Receives Late Call Up From Cleveland<br />
| accessdate = 2007-05-08<br />
| date = September 27, 2006<br />
| publisher = ballstatesports.com<br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
The Indians selected him with the 18th overall pick in the first round of the 2003 [[baseball draft|amateur draft]].<ref><br />
{{cite book<br />
| title = Cleveland Indians: Media Guide 2007<br />
| url = http://pressbox.mlb.com/pressbox/downloads/y2007/cle/player_bios.pdf<br />
| format = PDF<br />
| accessdate = 2007-05-08<br />
| publisher = MLB Advanced Media<br />
| pages = [http://pressbox.mlb.com/pressbox/downloads/y2007/cle/player_bios.pdf#page=109 pg. 245]<br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
He was a [[Major League Baseball transactions#25-man and 40-man roster|September call-up]] for the Indians in [[2006 in baseball|2006]], but did not appear in a Major League game.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*[http://www.thebaseballcube.com/players/S/Brad-Snyder.shtml The Baseball Cube player page]<br />
*[http://mlb.mlb.com/team/player.jsp?player_id=430957 MLB.com player info page]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Snyder, Brad}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1982 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Sandusky, Ohio]]<br />
[[Category:Akron Aeros players]]<br />
[[Category:Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players]]<br />
[[Category:Kinston Indians players]]<br />
[[Category:Mahoning Valley Scrappers alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Ball State University alumni]]<br />
<br />
{{Baseball-outfielder-stub}}</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Aubrey&diff=153839705Michael Aubrey2007-08-26T23:47:57Z<p>Matty j: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Robert Michael "Mike" Aubrey''' (born [[April 15]], [[1982]] in [[Shreveport, Louisiana|Shreveport]], [[Louisiana]]) is an American baseball player in the [[Cleveland Indians]] organization of [[Major League Baseball]]. He attended [[Tulane University]] from 2001–2003. In 186 games with Tulane, Aubrey [[batting average|hit]] .368 with 38 [[home runs]] and 200 [[RBI]]. As a [[pitcher (baseball)|pitcher]] in 2001 and 2002, he [[win (baseball)|won]] 11 games and [[loss (baseball)|lost]] 2 with a 4.88 [[earned run average|ERA]]. In 2001, he was named National Freshman of the Year by ''[[Baseball America]]'', ''[[Collegiate Baseball]]'' and ''[[The Sporting News]]''.<ref><br />
{{cite web<br />
| url = http://tulanegreenwave.cstv.com/sports/m-basebl/mtt/aubrey_michael00.html<br />
| title = Michael Aubrey<br />
| accessdate = 2007-05-08<br />
| publisher = tulanegreenwave.cstv.com<br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
In 2002, as a member of the [[United States national baseball team|USA National Team]], he led the team in batting average, home runs and RBI. As a junior at Tulane in 2003, he was named [[Conference USA]] Player of the Year and was a finalist for the [[Golden Spikes Award]], given annually to the top amateur baseball player in the United States. The Indians selected him with the 11th overall pick in the first round of the 2003 [[baseball draft|amateur draft]].<ref><br />
{{cite book<br />
| title = Cleveland Indians: Media Guide 2007<br />
| url = http://pressbox.mlb.com/pressbox/downloads/y2007/cle/player_bios.pdf<br />
| format = PDF<br />
| accessdate = 2007-05-08<br />
| publisher = MLB Advanced Media<br />
| pages = [http://pressbox.mlb.com/pressbox/downloads/y2007/cle/player_bios.pdf#page=3 pg. 77]<br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
He was a [[Major League Baseball transactions#25-man and 40-man roster|September call-up]] for the Indians in [[2006 in baseball|2006]], but did not appear in a Major League game.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*[http://www.thebaseballcube.com/players/A/Michael-Aubrey.shtml The Baseball Cube player page]<br />
*[http://mlb.mlb.com/team/player.jsp?player_id=430956 MLB.com player info page]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aubrey, Michael}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1982 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Shreveport, Louisiana]]<br />
[[Category:Akron Aeros players]]<br />
[[Category:Kinston Indians players]]<br />
[[Category:Major league players from Louisiana]]<br />
[[Category:Major league pitchers]]<br />
[[Category:All-Star Futures Game players]]<br />
[[Category:Tulane University alumni]]<br />
<br />
{{baseball-first-baseman-stub}}</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andy_Cannizaro&diff=153839643Andy Cannizaro2007-08-26T23:47:34Z<p>Matty j: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox MLB player|<br />
bgcolor1=#1c2841|<br />
bgcolor2=#6d7380|<br />
textcolor1=white|<br />
textcolor2=white|<br />
name=Andy Cannizaro|<br />
position=Shortstop|<br />
team=New York Yankees|<br />
number=66|<br />
bats=Right|<br />
throws=Right|<br />
debutdate=September 5|<br />
debutyear=2006|<br />
debutteam=New York Yankees|<br />
statyear=2006|<br />
stat1label=[[Batting average]]|<br />
stat1value=.250|<br />
stat2label=Hits| <br />
stat2value=2|<br />
stat3label=Runs|<br />
stat3value=5|<br />
formerteams=<nowiki></nowiki><br />
*[[New York Yankees]] ([[2006 in baseball|2006]])<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Andrew Lee Cannizaro''' (born [[December 17]], [[1978]], in [[New Orleans, Louisiana]]) is a [[major league baseball]] [[infielder]] for the [[New York Yankees]]. <br />
<br />
Cannizaro was drafted by the Yankees in the seventh round of the 2001 Amateur Draft after two seasons at [[Tulane University]]. <br />
<br />
He was called up by the Yankees on [[September 4]], [[2006]], as a [[Major League Baseball transactions#25-man and 40-man roster|September call-up]] after spending five seasons in the Yankee farm system with the [[Staten Island Yankees]], [[Tampa Yankees]], [[Trenton Thunder]], and [[Columbus Clippers]]. <br />
<br />
Cannizaro played in his first major league game on September 5, 2006, playing at [[shortstop]] for two innings, without an at-bat, against the [[Kansas City Royals]]. Cannizaro [[Single (baseball)|singled]] during the first at-bat of his career on [[September 8]], 2006, against [[Brian Burres]] of the [[Baltimore Orioles]], and later scored. He hit his first major league [[home run]] on [[September 25]], 2006, off of [[Jon Switzer]] in a blowout win against the [[Tampa Bay Devil Rays]].<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[http://newyork.yankees.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/team/player.jsp?player_id=462375 Andy Cannizaro player page on Yankees.com]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cannizaro, Andy}}<br />
[[Category:New York Yankees players|Cannizaro, Andy]]<br />
[[Category:1978 births|Cannizaro, Andy]]<br />
[[Category:Living people|Cannizaro, Andy]]<br />
[[Category:Major league shortstops]]<br />
[[Category:Major league players from Louisiana]]<br />
<br />
{{Baseball-shortstop-stub}}</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dan_Johnson_(baseball)&diff=153839578Dan Johnson (baseball)2007-08-26T23:47:15Z<p>Matty j: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Unsourced|date=June 2007}}<br />
{{Infobox MLB player|<br />
bgcolor1=#003831|<br />
bgcolor2=gold|<br />
textcolor1=gold|<br />
textcolor2=#003831|<br />
name=Dan Johnson|<br />
image=|<br />
position=First Baseman|<br />
team=Oakland Athletics|<br />
number=29|<br />
bats=Left|<br />
throws=Right|<br />
birthdate={{birth date and age|1979|8|10}}|<br />
debutdate=May 27|<br />
debutyear=2005|<br />
debutteam=Oakland Athletics|<br />
statyear=August 19, 2007|<br />
stat1label=[[Batting average]]|<br />
stat1value=.248|<br />
stat2label=[[Home runs]]|<br />
stat2value=35|<br />
stat3label=[[Runs batted in|RBI]]|<br />
stat3value=138|<br />
teams=<nowiki></nowiki><br />
*[[Oakland Athletics]] ([[2005 in baseball|2005]]–present)<br />
}}<br />
'''Daniel Ryan "Dan" Johnson''' (b. [[August 10]], [[1979]] in [[Coon Rapids, Minnesota|Coon Rapids]], [[Minnesota]]) is a [[first baseman]] for the [[Oakland Athletics]] of [[Major League Baseball]]. He graduated from [[Blaine High School (Minnesota)|Blaine High School]] in 1997 and attended the [[University of Nebraska]]. <br />
<!-- 6/5/2007: Removed paragraph of text about Johnson's collegiate career that was copied verbatim from MLB.com. Copyright infringement. --><br />
<br />
Dan Johnson had an excellent rookie season with the A's in [[2005 in baseball|2005]], [[batting average|batting]] .275 with 15 [[home runs]] and 58 [[RBI]]. He struggled early in [[2006 in baseball|2006]] and was demoted to the A's [[Minor League Baseball|triple-A]] [[Pacific Coast League]] affiliate [[Sacramento River Cats]] in July. He returned to the A's as a [[Major League Baseball transactions#25-man and 40-man roster|September call-up]] and finished the season with a .234 batting average, 9 home runs and 37 RBI. This season brought great criticism for the young prospect. It was later found that he suffered from [[double vision]], and he got it fixed for the 2007 season.<br />
<br />
Johnson was expected to be the A's starting first baseman in [[2007 in baseball|2007]], but suffered a torn [[Acetabular labrum|labrum]] in his hip late in [[spring training]] and missed the first three weeks of the season. He returned April 25 and proceeded to get a hit in 16 of his first 18 games. He was named American League co-[[Player of the Week]] with teammate [[Jack Cust]] for the week of May 7–13. Johnson is rumored to be traded in the near future since the A's up and coming minor league prospect [[Daric Barton]] expected to be playing for the A's soon. In the long term future, either Barton or current [[outfielder]] [[Nick Swisher]] is expected to be the starting first baseman and either Barton or Cust will be used as the primary designated hitter, putting Johnson on the bench if he remained with the A's.<br />
<br />
== External link ==<br />
*{{baseball-reference|id=j/johnsda06}}<br />
*[http://mlb.mlb.com/team/player.jsp?player_id=430681 MLB.com player info page]<br />
*[http://thebaseballcube.com/players/J/Dan-Johnson.shtml The Baseball Cube player page]<br />
*{{espn mlb|id=7436|name=Dan Johnson}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Dan}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1979 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Minnesota]]<br />
[[Category:Nebraska Cornhuskers baseball players]]<br />
[[Category:Oakland Athletics players]]<br />
[[Category:Major league players from Minnesota]]<br />
[[Category:Major league first basemen]]<br />
<br />
{{baseball-first-baseman-stub}}</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric_Wedge&diff=153839498Eric Wedge2007-08-26T23:46:41Z<p>Matty j: /* Professional playing career */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Mlbretired<br />
|bgcolor1=#023465<br />
|bgcolor2=#990000<br />
|textcolor1=white<br />
|textcolor2=white<br />
|name=Eric Wedge<br />
|position=[[Catcher]], [[Manager (baseball)|Manager]]<br />
|birthdate={{birth date and age|1968|1|27}}<br />
|bats=Right<br />
|throws=Right<br />
|debutdate=[[October 5]]<br />
|debutyear=[[1991]]<br />
|debutteam=[[Boston Red Sox]]<br />
|finaldate=[[July 29]]<br />
|finalyear=[[1994]]<br />
|finalteam=[[Boston Red Sox]]<br />
|stat1label=[[Batting average]]<br />
|stat1value=.233<br />
|stat2label=[[Home run]]s<br />
|stat2value=5<br />
|stat3label=[[Run batted in|RBI]]<br />
|stat3value=12<br />
|teams=<nowiki></nowiki><!--This forces MediaWiki to recognize the first bullet. Kind of a workaround to a bug.--><br />
'''As Player'''<br />
*[[Boston Red Sox]] ([[1991 in baseball|1991]]–[[1992 in baseball|1992]], [[1994 in baseball|1994]])<br />
*[[Colorado Rockies]] ([[1993 in baseball|1993]])<br />
'''As Manager'''<br />
*[[Cleveland Indians]] ([[2003 in baseball|2003]]–present)<br />
|highlights=<nowiki></nowiki><br />
}}<br />
'''Eric Michael Wedge''' (born [[January 27]], [[1968]] in [[Fort Wayne, Indiana|Fort Wayne]], [[Indiana]]) is the [[As of 2007|current]] [[manager (baseball)|manager]] of the [[Cleveland Indians]] of [[Major League Baseball]]'s [[American League]] Central Division. He attended [[Northrop High School]] in Fort Wayne and played on the school's state champion baseball team in 1983.<ref name="coachesmediaguide"><br />
{{cite web<br />
| url = http://pressbox.mlb.com/pressbox/downloads/y2007/cle/coaches.pdf<br />
| title = Cleveland Indians: Media Guide 2007<br />
| accessdate = 2007-04-26<br />
| publisher = Major League Baseball<br />
| pages = [http://pressbox.mlb.com/pressbox/downloads/y2007/cle/coaches.pdf#page=2 pgs. 56-57]<br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
As a player, he led the [[Wichita State University]] Shockers to the 1989 [[College World Series]] championship. He was drafted by the [[Boston Red Sox]] that same year, played nine minor league seasons in the Red Sox, [[Colorado Rockies]], [[Detroit Tigers]] and [[Philadelphia Phillies]] organizations and played briefly for the Red Sox (1991, 1992, 1994) and the Rockies (1993). After managing in the Indians' minor league system from 1998 through 2002, he was named manager of the Indians in October 2002 and became the youngest manager since 1985 in the Major Leagues at 35 years, 64 days old on opening day 2003.<ref name="coachesmediaguide"/><br />
<br />
== Collegiate playing career ==<br />
Wedge played [[catcher]] for [[Wichita State University]] from 1987–1989, leading the school to a 68-16 record and the [[College World Series]] championship in 1989. He [[batting average|hit]] .380 for the Shockers that year, led the [[NCAA]] in [[walk]]s and [[total bases]] and finished second in [[run (baseball)|runs]], [[RBI]], and [[home runs]].{{Fact|date=April 2007}} Wedge's performance earned him first-team [[All-America]] honors,<ref><br />
{{cite web<br />
| url = http://www.ncaa.org/library/records/baseball/baseball_records_book/2007/2007_baseball_records.pdf<br />
| title = Official 2007 NCAA Baseball Records Book<br />
| accessdate = 2007-04-26<br />
| year = 2007<br />
| publisher = [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]]<br />
| pages = [http://www.ncaa.org/library/records/baseball/baseball_records_book/2007/2007_baseball_records.pdf#page=175 p. 174]<br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
the [[Missouri Valley Conference]] Player of the Year award<ref><br />
{{cite web<br />
| url = http://www.goshockers.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=7500&ATCLID=652239<br />
| title = Eric Wedge (Baseball, 1987-89)<br />
| accessdate = 2007-04-26<br />
| publisher = [[Wichita State University]]<br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
and he was runner-up to [[Ben McDonald]] for the [[Rotary Smith Award]] for College Baseball Player of the Year.<ref name="coachesmediaguide"/><br />
<br />
== Professional playing career ==<br />
Wedge was drafted in the third round of the 1989 [[baseball draft|amateur draft]] by the [[Boston Red Sox]]. While in the Red Sox minor league system, he played for the [[Elmira Pioneers]] (1989), [[New Britain Red Sox]] (1989–1991), [[Winter Haven Red Sox]] (1991) and [[Pawtucket Red Sox]] (1991–1992, 1994–1995). On [[October 5]], 1991, he made his major league debut in his only appearance of the season for Boston with a [[pinch hit]] [[single (baseball)|single]] off of Chris George of the [[Milwaukee Brewers]].<ref><br />
{{cite web<br />
| url = http://retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1991/B10050BOS1991.htm<br />
| title = Milwaukee Brewers 13, Boston Red Sox 4<br />
| accessdate = 2007-04-26<br />
| publisher = Retrosheet.org<br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
In 1992, he appeared in 27 games for Boston (20 as a [[designated hitter]], 5 as a catcher and 2 as a pinch hitter), hitting .250 with 5 home runs and 11 RBI.<br />
<br />
In November 1992, the [[Colorado Rockies]] selected Wedge from the Red Sox in the [[expansion draft]]. He played for the [[Central Valley Rockies]] and [[Colorado Springs Sky Sox]] in 1993 and was a [[Major League Baseball transactions#25-man and 40-man roster|September call-up]] for Colorado that season, appearing in 9 games (8 as a pinch hitter and 1 as a catcher) and hitting .182 with 1 RBI.<br />
<br />
The Rockies released Wedge at the end of spring training in 1994 and he was re-signed by the Red Sox on May 2.<ref><br />
{{cite web<br />
| url = http://www.baseball-reference.com/w/wedgeer01.shtml#TRANS<br />
| title = Eric Wedge Statistics<br />
| accessdate = 2007-04-26<br />
| publisher = Sports Reference, Inc<br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
He split catching duties with [[Scott Hatteberg]] for Pawtucket that season and made his final [[Major League Baseball|big league]] appearances with Boston in July, going 0 for 6 in two games as a designated hitter. He returned to Pawtucket for the 1995 season and again split catching duties with Hatteberg.<br />
<br />
Wedge played his final two seasons with the [[Toledo Mud Hens]] in the [[Detroit Tigers]] organization and the [[Scranton-Wilkes Barre Red Barons]] in the [[Philadelphia Phillies]] organization in 1996 and 1997, respectively.<br />
<br />
===Statistics===<br />
{| border="1"<br />
! !! G !! AB !! R !! H !! HR !! RBI !! BA !! SLG<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" width="90px"| '''Major league'''<br />
| align="center" width="50px"| 39 <br />
| align="center" width="50px" | 86 <br />
| align="center" width="50px" | 13 <br />
| align="center" width="50px" | 20 <br />
| align="center" width="50px" | 5 <br />
| align="center" width="50px" | 12 <br />
| align="center" width="50px" | .233 <br />
| align="center" width="50px" | .430 <br />
|-<br />
| align="left" width="90px"| '''Minor league'''<br />
| align="center" width="50px"| 658 <br />
| align="center" width="50px" | 2132 <br />
| align="center" width="50px" | 318 <br />
| align="center" width="50px" | 531 <br />
| align="center" width="50px" | 96 <br />
| align="center" width="50px" | 376 <br />
| align="center" width="50px" | .249 <br />
| align="center" width="50px" | .443 <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Managerial career ==<br />
Wedge made his managerial debut in 1998 with the [[Columbus RedStixx]] of the [[South Atlantic League]], leading the Cleveland single-A affiliate to an overall record of 59-81. In 1999, he was the manager of Cleveland's [[Carolina League]] affiliate in [[Kinston Indians|Kinston]]. His team took first place during the first half of the season with a 37-32 record and second place during the second half with a 42-26 record. After the season, he was named the Carolina League Manager of the Year.<br />
<br />
The Indians promoted Wedge to manager of the double-A [[Akron Aeros]] in 2000. The Aeros finished the season 75-68, just missing the [[Eastern League (baseball)|Eastern League]] post-season after losing a one-game playoff with Harrisburg. In 2001, he continued his ascent through the Indians' managerial ranks, leading their triple-A affiliate, [[Buffalo Bisons]], to a 91-51 first-place finish in the [[International League]]'s North Division and a berth in the post-season where they lost to Scranton-Wilkes Barre in the semi-finals. Wedge again earned post-season honors when he was named the International League Manager of the Year and ''[[Baseball America|Baseball America's]]'' Triple A Manager of the Year. He returned at the helm of the Bisons in 2002 and again led them to the post-season, finishing 87-57 and second in the North Division. This time, they defeated Scranton in the semi-finals but were swept by the [[Durham Bulls]] in the finals. Wedge was honored with his third post-season award when ''[[The Sporting News]]'' named him Minor League Manager of the Year.<br />
<br />
On [[October 29]], 2002, Wedge was named the 39th manager of the Cleveland Indians. Over his first three years as manager, the Indians improved steadily from fourth place in the American League Central Division with a 68-94 record in 2003, to 80-82 and third place in 2004 and to 93-69 and second place in 2005. The 93 wins in 2005 were the eighth most in the more than hundred-year history of the franchise and the team narrowly missed qualifying for the playoffs for the first time since 2001 when they were eliminated on the last day of the season. In the American League [[Manager of the Year]] balloting for 2005, Wedge finished as runner-up to [[Ozzie Guillen]].<ref><br />
{{cite web<br />
| url = http://cleveland.indians.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20051109&content_id=1266674&vkey=news_cle&fext=.jsp&c_id=cle<br />
| title = Wedge finishes second in balloting<br />
| accessdate = 2007-04-26<br />
| last = Hill<br />
| first = Justice B.<br />
| date = 2005-11-09<br />
| publisher = MLB.com<br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
The 2006 season was a disappointing one for Wedge and the Indians. Entering the season, they were expected to compete for the division title, but got off to a poor start and were essentially out of the race by mid-season, trailing the division-leading [[Detroit Tigers]] at the All-Star break by 18½ games. They finished the season in fourth place with a 78-84 record, 18 games behind the Central Division champion, [[Minnesota Twins]].<br />
<br />
Wedge and the Indians have had more success in the 2007 season thus far. Through the team's first 99 games, they had a 3 game lead in the Wild Card race, and trailed the [[Detroit Tigers]] by only a game and a half. <br />
<br />
===Managerial record (through [[July 23]], [[2007]])===<br />
{| border="1"<br />
! !! W !! L !! PCT<br />
|-<br />
| align="left" width="90px"| '''Major league'''<br />
| align="center" width="50px"| 377 <br />
| align="center" width="50px" | 370<br />
| align="center" width="50px" | .505 <br />
|-<br />
| align="left" width="90px"| '''Minor league'''<br />
| align="center" width="50px"| 391 <br />
| align="center" width="50px" | 315 <br />
| align="center" width="50px" | .554 <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Wedge and his wife, Kate, donate their time to a variety of charities,<ref name="coachesmediaguide"/> including a baseball camp sponsored by the Fort Wayne Sports Corporation.<ref><br />
{{cite web<br />
| url = http://fwsportscorp.org/news_details.asp?ID=77<br />
| title = Eric Wedge Baseball Camp<br />
| accessdate = 2007-04-26<br />
| publisher = Fort Wayne Sports Corporation<br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
January 2007 marked his third year hosting the camp. Also in January 2007, he was inducted into the Indiana High School Baseball Hall of Fame<ref><br />
{{cite news <br />
| title = Wedge, Miller, Aldridge named to Indiana Hall of Fame<br />
| publisher = The (Fort Wayne) News-Sentinel<br />
| date = [[2006-11-02]]<br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
and in February 2007, he was inducted into the [[List of Kinston baseball people#Kinston Professional Baseball Hall of Fame|Kinston Professional Baseball Hall of Fame]].<ref><br />
{{cite web<br />
| url = http://www.kinstonindians.com/news/show_news.asp?article_id=902<br />
| title = Cleveland Manager Eric Wedge Coming to Kinston for Hot Stove<br />
| accessdate = 2007-04-26<br />
}}<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{baseball-reference|id=w/wedgeer01}}<br />
*[http://cleveland.indians.mlb.com/team/coach_staff_bio.jsp?c_id=cle&coachorstaffid=92910216511 MLB.com bio page]<br />
*[http://thebaseballcube.com/players/W/Eric-Wedge.shtml The Baseball Cube page]<br />
<br />
{{start box}}<br />
{{succession box | title=[[Cleveland Indians/Managers and ownership|Cleveland Indians manager]] | before=[[Joel Skinner]]<br>(interim) | years=2003&ndash; | after= ''Current manager''}}<br />
{{end box}}<br />
{{Cleveland Indians managers}}<br />
{{MLBManager}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wedge, Eric}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1968 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:People from Fort Wayne, Indiana]]<br />
[[Category:Baseball managers]]<br />
[[Category:Cleveland Indians managers]]<br />
[[Category:Boston Red Sox players]]<br />
[[Category:Colorado Rockies players]]<br />
[[Category:Pawtucket Red Sox]]<br />
[[Category:Toledo Mud Hens players]]<br />
[[Category:Major league players from Indiana]]<br />
[[Category:Minor league baseball managers]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V%C3%ADctor_Mart%C3%ADnez_(baseball)&diff=153839404Víctor Martínez (baseball)2007-08-26T23:46:04Z<p>Matty j: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox MLB player|<br />
bgcolor1=#990000|<br />
bgcolor2=#023465|<br />
textcolor1=white|<br />
textcolor2=white|<br />
name=Víctor Martínez|<br />
image=|<br />
width=90|<br />
position=Catcher|<br />
team=Cleveland Indians|<br />
number=41|<br />
bats=Switch|<br />
throws=Right|<br />
birthdate={{birth date and age|1978|12|23}}|<br />
debutdate=September 10|<br />
debutyear=2002|<br />
debutteam=Cleveland Indians|<br />
statyear=July 19, 2007|<br />
stat1label=[[Batting average|AVG]]|<br />
stat1value=.304|<br />
stat2label=[[Run batted in|RBI]]|<br />
stat2value=376|<br />
stat3label=[[Home run|HR]]|<br />
stat3value=78|<br />
teams=<nowiki></nowiki><br />
*[[Cleveland Indians]] ([[2002 in baseball|2002]]-present)<br />
}}<br />
'''Víctor Jesús Martínez''' (born [[December 23]], [[1978]] in [[Ciudad Bolívar]], [[Bolívar (state)|Bolívar]], [[Venezuela]]) is a [[Switch hitter|switch-hitting]] [[catcher]] and [[first baseman]] for the [[Cleveland Indians]] of [[Major League Baseball]]. He was signed by the Indians as an amateur [[free agent]] in [[1996 in baseball|1996]] and after a pair of [[Minor League Baseball|minor league]] [[Most Valuable Player|MVP]] awards and [[batting average|batting]] titles in [[2001 in baseball|2001]] and [[2002 in baseball|2002]], he made his debut with Cleveland as a [[Major League Baseball transactions#25-man and 40-man roster|September call-up]] on [[September 10]], 2002. <br />
<br />
In [[2003 in baseball|2003]], Martínez was busiest between Triple-A [[Buffalo Bisons]] and the Indians. He finished with a combined .315 [[batting average]], hitting at a .349 clip in August and September with the big club. Exhibiting knowledge of the strike zone and an ability to make contact, he reduced his [[strikeout]] totals and produced a combined .376 [[on base percentage]]. He also [[run batted in|drove in]] 63 runs, hitting .323 with runners in scoring position, and was selected to participate in the [[All-Star Futures Game]] played at [[Chicago]]'s [[U.S. Cellular Field]]. From 2001–03, the Venezuelan slugger batted a combined .330 with 40 [[home run]]s and 194 [[runs batted in|RBI]].<br />
<br />
Showing defensive improvement, Martínez displayed an ability to call games at the major league level and began [[2004 in baseball|2004]] as the Indians' No. 1 catcher. In his first full-season he did a fine job defensively, hit .283 with 23 home runs, set a new record for Indians catchers with 108 RBI, earned his first [[Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star]] selection, and shared the [[Silver Slugger]] honor as the top-hitting [[American League]] catcher with [[Iván Rodríguez]]. For the first time since the awards began in [[1980 in baseball|1980]], there was a tie at one position. On [[July 16]], Martínez also had the best offensive night by a Tribe catcher in franchise history, when he hit three home runs, [[single (baseball)|singled]] twice, drew a [[Base on balls|walk]], and drove in a career-high seven runs in a perfect 5-for-5 game.<br />
<br />
In June [[2005 in baseball|2005]], Martínez was batting .207 but he came into the season's final weekend batting .382 (96-for-251) after the All-Star break, the most for any ML player. He finished the season with a .305 average, 20 home runs and 80 RBI. <br />
<br />
Since [[2006 in baseball|2006]], the Indians started using Martinez occasionally at first base. In the field, in 2006 he allowed 100 stolen bases, more than any other catcher in major league baseball.<br />
<br />
In a four season career, Martínez has posted a .303 average with 74 home runs and 359 RBI in 561 [[games played]]. <br />
<br />
==Highlights==<br />
*All-Star (2004, 2007)<br />
*Silver Slugger Award (2004)<br />
*His 23 HR in 2004 tied for the most in MLB by catchers, and his 108 RBI were 22 more than any other catcher<br />
<br />
==Career Statistics==<br />
<br />
{| BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="3" CELLSPACING="0" ID="Table3"<br />
|- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"<br />
! ALIGN="center" colspan="100" | Stats<br />
|- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"<br />
! ALIGN="center" | Season<br />
! ALIGN="center" | Team<br />
! ALIGN="center" | League<br />
! ALIGN="center" | G<br />
! ALIGN="center" | AB<br />
! ALIGN="center" | R<br />
! ALIGN="center" | H<br />
! ALIGN="center" | 2B<br />
! ALIGN="center" | 3B<br />
! ALIGN="center" | HR<br />
! ALIGN="center" | RBI<br />
! ALIGN="center" | BB<br />
! ALIGN="center" | SO<br />
! ALIGN="center" | SB<br />
! ALIGN="center" | CS<br />
! ALIGN="center" | OBP<br />
! ALIGN="center" | SLG<br />
! ALIGN="center" | AVG<br />
|- ALIGN="center"<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 1997<br />
| ALIGN="center" | Maracay<br />
| ALIGN="center" | R<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 53<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 122<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 21<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 42<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 12<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 26<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 32<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 11<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 6<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .474<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .443<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .344<br />
|- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0"<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 1998<br />
| ALIGN="center" | Guacara<br />
| ALIGN="center" | R<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 55<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 160<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 28<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 43<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 13<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 1<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 27<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 32<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 14<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 8<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 2<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .404<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .369<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .269<br />
|- ALIGN="center"<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 1999<br />
| ALIGN="center" | [[Mahoning Valley Scrappers|Mahoning Valley]]<br />
| ALIGN="center" | [[New York-Penn League|A]]<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 64<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 235<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 37<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 65<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 9<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 4<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 36<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 27<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 31<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 1<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .346<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .366<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .277<br />
|- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0"<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 2000<br />
| ALIGN="center" | [[Lake County Captains|Columbus]]<br />
| ALIGN="center" | [[South Atlantic League|A]]<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 21<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 70<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 11<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 26<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 9<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 1<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 2<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 12<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 11<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 6<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .452<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .614<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .371<br />
|- ALIGN="center" <br />
| ALIGN="center" | 2000<br />
| ALIGN="center" | [[Kinston Indians|Kinston]]<br />
| ALIGN="center" | [[Carolina League|A]]<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 26<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 83<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 9<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 18<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 7<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 8<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 11<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 5<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 1<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 1<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .313<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .301<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .217<br />
|- ALIGN="center"<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 2001<br />
| ALIGN="center" | [[Kinston Indians|Kinston]]<br />
| ALIGN="center" | [[Carolina League|A]]<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 114<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 420<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 59<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 138<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 33<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 2<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 10<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 57<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 39<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 60<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 3<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 3<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .394<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .488<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .329<br />
|- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0"<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 2002<br />
| ALIGN="center" | [[Akron Aeros|Akron]]<br />
| ALIGN="center" | [[Eastern League (U.S. baseball)|AA]]<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 121<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 443<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 84<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 149<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 40<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 22<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 85<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 58<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 62<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 3<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 3<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .417<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .576<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .336<br />
|- ALIGN="center"<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 2002<br />
| ALIGN="center" | [[Cleveland Indians|Cleveland]]<br />
| ALIGN="center" | [[Major League Baseball|MLB]]<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 12<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 32<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 2<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 9<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 1<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 1<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 5<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 3<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 2<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .333<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .406<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .281<br />
|- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0"<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 2003<br />
| ALIGN="center" | Akron<br />
| ALIGN="center" | AA<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 3<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 12<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 1<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 4<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 2<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 2<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 1<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .333<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .500<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .333<br />
|- ALIGN="center"<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 2003<br />
| ALIGN="center" | [[Buffalo Bisons|Buffalo]]<br />
| ALIGN="center" | [[International League|AAA]]<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 73<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 274<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 42<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 90<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 19<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 7<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 45<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 26<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 32<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 3<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 5<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .395<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .474<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .328<br />
|- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0"<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 2003<br />
| ALIGN="center" | Cleveland<br />
| ALIGN="center" | MLB<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 49<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 159<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 15<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 46<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 4<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 1<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 16<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 13<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 21<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 1<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 1<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .345<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .333<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .289<br />
|- ALIGN="center" <br />
| ALIGN="center" | 2004<br />
| ALIGN="center" | Cleveland<br />
| ALIGN="center" | MLB<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 141<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 520<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 77<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 147<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 38<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 1<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 23<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 108<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 60<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 69<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 1<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .359<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .492<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .283<br />
|- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0"<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 2005<br />
| ALIGN="center" | Cleveland<br />
| ALIGN="center" | MLB<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 147<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 547<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 73<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 167<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 33<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 20<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 80<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 63<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 78<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 1<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .378<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .475<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .305<br />
|- ALIGN="center" <br />
| ALIGN="center" | 2006<br />
| ALIGN="center" | Cleveland<br />
| ALIGN="center" | MLB<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 153<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 572<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 82<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 181<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 37<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 16<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 93<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 71<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 78<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | 0<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .391<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .465<br />
| ALIGN="center" | .316<br />
|- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"<br />
! colspan="3" | Minor League Totals<br />
| ALIGN="center" | '''530'''<br />
| ALIGN="center" | '''1819'''<br />
| ALIGN="center" | '''292'''<br />
| ALIGN="center" | '''575'''<br />
| ALIGN="center" | '''144'''<br />
! ALIGN="center" | 3<br />
! ALIGN="center" | 46<br />
! ALIGN="center" | 298<br />
! ALIGN="center" | 236<br />
! ALIGN="center" | 222<br />
! ALIGN="center" | 24<br />
! ALIGN="center" | 15<br />
! ALIGN="center" | .397<br />
! ALIGN="center" | .474<br />
! ALIGN="center" | .316<br />
|- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"<br />
! colspan="3" | Major League Totals<br />
| ALIGN="center" | '''502'''<br />
| ALIGN="center" | '''1830'''<br />
| ALIGN="center" | '''249'''<br />
| ALIGN="center" | '''550'''<br />
| ALIGN="center" | '''113'''<br />
! ALIGN="center" | 1<br />
! ALIGN="center" | 61<br />
! ALIGN="center" | 302<br />
! ALIGN="center" | 210<br />
! ALIGN="center" | 248<br />
! ALIGN="center" | 1<br />
! ALIGN="center" | 3<br />
! ALIGN="center" | .373<br />
! ALIGN="center" | .463<br />
! ALIGN="center" | .301<br />
|}<br />
<br />
As of [[December 26]], [[2006]]<br />
<br />
==See also== <br />
* [[July 2004 in sports|Cleveland set club home run records]] <br />
* [[List of players from Venezuela in Major League Baseball|Players from Venezuela in ''MLB'']]<br />
* [[Major League Baseball hitters with three home runs in one game]]<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
*[http://www.baseball-reference.com/m/martivi01.shtml Baseball Reference]<br />
*[http://cbs.sportsline.com/mlb/players/playerpage/367942 CBS Sports Line]<br />
*[http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/players/profile?statsId=6853 ESPN] <br />
*[http://members.tripod.com/bb_catchers/catchers/list.htm Encyclopedia of Baseball Catchers]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Martínez, Víctor}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1978 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:American League All-Stars]]<br />
[[Category:2006 World Baseball Classic players of Venezuela]]<br />
[[Category:All-Star Futures Game players]]<br />
[[Category:Cleveland Indians players]]<br />
[[Category:Mahoning Valley Scrappers alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Major league catchers]]<br />
[[Category:Venezuelan baseball players]]<br />
[[Category:Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players]]<br />
[[Category:Kinston Indians players]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Víctor Martínez]]<br />
[[ja:ビクター・マルティネス]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(baseball)&diff=153839080Juan González (baseball)2007-08-26T23:43:53Z<p>Matty j: /* Early career */</p>
<hr />
<div>''For other uses, see: [[Juan González]].''<br />
{{Infobox MLB player<br />
| name = Juan Gonzalez<br />
| image = Juangonzalez.jpg<br />
| width = 200<br />
| caption =<br />
|bgcolor1=#003279<br />
|bgcolor2=#bd1021<br />
|textcolor1=white<br />
|textcolor2=white<br />
| team =<br />
| number =<br />
| position =Outfielder<br />
| birthdate ={{birth date and age|1969|10|20}}<br />
| bats =Right<br />
| throws =Right<br />
| debutdate =September 1<br />
| debutyear =1989<br />
| debutteam =[[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]]<br />
| statyear =July 26, 2007<br />
| stat1label =[[Batting average]]<br />
| stat1value =.295<br />
| stat2label =[[Home runs]]<br />
| stat2value =434<br />
| stat3label =[[Runs batted in]]<br />
| stat3value =1404<br />
| stat4label =<br />
| stat4value =<br />
| stat5label =<br />
| stat5value =<br />
| stat6label =<br />
| stat6value =<br />
| awards =<nowiki></nowiki><br />
*1996 & 1998 American League MVP<br />
*3-time American League All-Star<br />
*6-time American League Silver Slugger<br />
*American League [[List of Major League Baseball home run champions|home run champion]]: 1992, 1993<br />
*American League [[List of Major League Baseball RBI champions|RBI champion]]: 1998<br />
*5 seasons with a .300+ batting average<br />
*5 seasons with 40+ home runs<br />
*8 seasons with 100+ RBI<br />
*3 seasons with 100+ [[runs scored]]<br />
| teams =<nowiki></nowiki><br />
*[[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]] (1989-1999, 2002-2003)<br />
*[[Detroit Tigers]] (2000)<br />
*[[Cleveland Indians]] (2001, 2005)<br />
*[[Kansas City Royals]] (2004)<br />
}}<br />
'''Juan Alberto González Vázquez''' (born [[October 20]], [[1969]] in [[Arecibo, Puerto Rico]]), better known as '''Juan González''', and nicknamed "Juan Gone" or "[[Igor (fictional character)|Igor]]" (González being a fan of [[Sunshine Logroño]]'s comedic character), is a [[professional baseball]] [[right fielder]]. González bats and throws right-handed. He was one of the premier run producers during the 1990s, averaging 117 [[runs batted in]] per season between 1991 and 1999.<br />
<br />
== Early career ==<br />
"Juan Gone" was signed by the [[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]] as an amateur free agent in 1986 and made his Major League debut on September 1, [[1989 in sports|1989]] as a [[Major League Baseball transactions#25-man and 40-man roster|September call-up]]. Prior to making it to the major leagues, he played for the [[Caguas Criollos]], a [[Puerto Rican]] professional baseball team based in [[Caguas, Puerto Rico|Caguas]].<br />
<br />
==Texas Rangers ==<br />
González' first full season was [[1991 in sports|1991]]. It was his first of many 100-plus RBI seasons, proving himself a capable middle of the line-up run producer. He improved his [[batting average]] and [[home run]] totals over the next few seasons, leading the league in homers in [[1992 in sports|1992]] (43) and [[1993 in sports|1993]] (46). On August 28, 1993, Gonzalez had the last 3-homer game in the history of Arlington Stadium.<br />
<br />
On the strength of González' steady production at the plate, Texas finished first in the [[American League|AL West]] division in [[1996 in sports|1996]], [[1998 in sports|1998]] and [[1999 in sports|1999]]. Despite an outstanding playoff output by Gonzalez in 1996, (.438 BA, 5 HR, 9 RBI, .526 OBP, 1.375 SLG% in 4 games) the Rangers were still defeated in the [[American League Division Series]] by the [[New York Yankees]], as well as in 1998 and 1999. Between 1996-98, González averaged 45 home runs and 144 RBI in 140 games, the most productive period in his career. He won the [[MLB Most Valuable Player Award|American League MVP award]] in [[1996 in sports|1996]] with a .314 BA, 47 HR and 144 RBI in just 134 games and [[1998 in sports|1998]] with a .318 BA, 45 HR and 157 RBI in 154 games. <br />
<br />
Fearing they would be unable to meet González' rising salary demands, Texas elected to trade him in the postseason, eventually settling on a deal with the [[Detroit Tigers]]. On [[November 2]], [[1999 in sports|1999]], he was traded with [[Danny Patterson]] and [[Gregg Zaun]] to Detroit for [[Frank Catalanotto]], [[Francisco Cordero]], [[Bill Haselman]], [[Gabe Kapler]], [[Justin Thompson]] and [[Alan Webb (baseball player)|Alan Webb]].<br />
<br />
== Detroit Tigers ==<br />
Upon trading for Gonzalez, the Tigers reportedly offered him a $140M contract over 8 years. Gonzalez turned down this offer, a decision he claims not to regret. <br />
<br />
The following season was a disaster for González and the Tigers as a team. [[2000 in sports|2000]] was the opening year for Detroit's new ballpark, [[Comerica Park]], and the team's management had counted on strong seasons from the team's new players to draw interest from fans. But, hampered by injuries, and being unable to adjust to Comerica's unfavorable dimensions, González didn't live up to his normal standards in his one year with the Tigers. Although his numbers were above average, he was not resigned by Detroit when his contract expired.<br />
<br />
As of the 2007 season, in what would've been the final year of is $140M Detroit Tigers Contract, Gonzalez has earned an estimated $46 million, almost $100M less that what he would have made from the Tigers.<br />
<br />
== Cleveland Indians ==<br />
González resurrected his career in [[2001 in sports|2001]] with the [[Cleveland Indians]], where he was asked to fill the void left behind as a result of [[Manny Ramirez]]' free agency departure to the [[Boston Red Sox]]. González batted .325 with 35 home runs and 140 RBI in 140 games, leading the Indians to the postseason where he hit .348 with 2 HR and 5 RBI in 5 games with a .739 SLG%.<br />
<br />
==2002 - 2005==<br />
At the age of 31, he completed the 2001 season with 402 lifetime homers, and seemed a lock to reach 500, 600 or more home runs, but then was hit with the injury bug, and was never the same player again.<br />
<br />
Despite Gonzalez's great success throughout the 90s, he began to seriously struggle with injuries. After signing a 24 million 2 year contract with the Rangers in the offseason, he played in just 70 games and put up meager stats for a person of his reputation in the 2002 season. In 2003 Gonzalez got off to a great start, but could only stay healthy for half of the season. He finished the season with a .294 BA, 24 HR and 70 RBI in 82 games. After signing with the Royals in 2004, he played in just 33 games. Despite a thorough work-out regimen in an attempt to comeback in the 2005 season, Gonzalez suffered a major injury to his hamstring and was out for the rest of the season after just one at-bat.<br />
<br />
==Comeback attempt==<br />
<br />
On [[March 20]], [[2006]], González's agent Alan Nero got a verbal agreement for a minor-league contract with the Boston Red Sox. No contract was actually signed, and after some negative comments coming from manager Terry Francona directed toward Gonzalez, Gonzalez decided to go elsewhere. <br />
<br />
On [[June 1]], [[2006]], González signed a contract with the [[Long Island Ducks]] of the Independent [[Atlantic League of Professional Baseball]]. <br />
<br />
For the 2006-07 winter season, Gonzalez played for the [[Gigantes de Carolina]] of the [[Puerto Rican Professional Baseball League]]. The Gigantes won the league championship, and they went on to compete on the [[Caribbean Series|Caribbean World Series]] where they finished in second place. González received the award for ''Best Designated Hitter'' in the tournament.<br />
<br />
In June 2007, Texas Rangers owner [[Tom Hicks]] was asked in an interview what deals he regretted making. He responded in part, "Juan González, for $24 million, after he came off steroids probably ... we just gave that money away.<ref>http://www.star-telegram.com/sports/columnists/jim_reeves/story/139989.html</ref> As of yet, González has not commented on these steroid allegations.<br />
<br />
==Teams==<br />
* [[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]]: 1991-1999, 2002-2003<br />
* [[Detroit Tigers]]: 2000<br />
* [[Cleveland Indians]]: 2001, 2005<br />
* [[Kansas City Royals]]: 2004<br />
<br />
== Accomplishments ==<br />
* 3-time All-Star (1993, 1998, 2001)<br />
* American League MVP (1996, 1998)<br />
* 3-time Top 10 MVP (9th, 1997; 4th, 1993; 5th, 2001)<br />
* His 434 career home runs ranks 31st on the all-time list<br />
* 6 Silver Slugger Awards (1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001)<br />
* 2-time American League Home Run Champion (1992, 1993)<br />
* 5 40+ HR Seasons (1992, 43; 1993, 46; 1996, 47; 1997, 42; 1998, 45)<br />
* Finished Top 5 in RBI 5 times. (1993, 4th, 118; 1996, 2nd, 144; 1997, 3rd, 131; 1998, '''1st''', 157; 1999, 5th, 128; 2001, 2nd, 140) <br />
* Finished Top 5 in Slugging Percentage 5 times. (1992, 5th, .561%; 1993, '''1st''', .632%; 1996, 2nd, .643%; 1997, 4th, .589%; 1998, 2nd, .630%; 1999, 4th, .601%; 2001, 5th, .590)<br />
* Became just the 2nd player in major league history in 1998 to have at least 100 RBI before the All-Star Break. (101, second to Hank Greenberg who had 103)<br />
* Ranks 5th on the All-Time HR/Plate Appearance List with 16.49<br />
* Ranks 7th on the All-Time RBI/G List with .831. The only other modern day player on the list is Manny Ramirez who ranks 6th with .833<br />
* Ranks 15th on the All-Time AB per HR list with 15.1 AB/HR.<br />
* Ranks 21st on the All-Time Slugging Percentage List with .561%<br />
* Tied for 1st in Postseason History in Home Runs in a single Division Series with Ken Griffey Jr. (Gonzalez - 5 HR in 4 games 1996, Griffey - 5 HR in 5 games in 1995)<br />
* Ranks 2nd in Postseason History in Slugging Percentage in a single Division Series (1.375% in 1996)<br />
* Ranks 2nd in Postseason History in OPS in a single Division Series (1.901 in 1996)<br />
* Tied for 2nd with 10 other players in Extra Base Hits in a single Division Series (5 in 1996 & 2001)<br />
* Ranks 3rd in Postseason History in Total Bases in a single Division Series (22 in 1996)<br />
* Ranks 7th in Postseason History in RBI in a single Division Series (9 in 1996)<br />
* Tied for 2nd in Postseason History in career HR in Division Series (8 HR, has 123 less Plate Appearances than Chipper Jones (1st) who has 9 HR and 144 PA less than Derek Jeter who also has 9 HR and is tied with Chipper Jones for 1st.)<br />
* Ranks 4th in Postseason History in career Slugging Percentage in the Division Series (.742)<br />
* Ranks 7th in Postseason History in career Extra Base Hits in Division Series (12)<br />
* Ranks 8th in Postseason History in career OPS in the Division Series (1.075)<br />
<br />
== Private life ==<br />
González was married to Puerto Rican [[volleyball]] legend [[Elaine López]], sister of fellow major leaguer [[Javy López]], during the early 1990s. This marriage broke down when a local newspaper released a cover photo of singer [[Olga Tañón]] kissing González during a concert in [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]]. A scandal followed, with González divorcing Elaine López and marrying Tañón, who said she had no idea González was married to Lopez when she kissed him. González and Tañon had a daughter together, [[Gabriela González Tañón]], in 1998. The marriage, González' fourth, ended in divorce less than two years later. Juan's daughter later became one of only fifty people in the world (and the first Puerto Rican) ever to have been diagnosed with [[Sebastian syndrome]], a mild blood clotting disorder.<br />
<br />
==See also ==<br />
* [[Top 500 home run hitters of all time]]<br />
* [[List of players from Puerto Rico in Major League Baseball|Players from Puerto Rico in professional baseball]]<br />
* [[List of famous Puerto Ricans]]<br />
* [[List of Major League Baseball players with 1000 runs]]<br />
* [[List of Major League Baseball players with 1000 RBI]]<br />
* [[List of Major League Baseball RBI champions]]<br />
* [[List of Major League Baseball home run champions]]<br />
* [[Major League Baseball hitters with three home runs in one game]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/players/profile?statsId=4398 2004 statistics and profile at ''ESPN'']<br />
* {{baseball-reference|id=g/gonzaju03}}<br />
* [http://www.juangone.com Juan Gonzalez Online] - Fan Site<br />
* [http://www.freewebs.com/gonzaleznut Juan Gonzalez Collector's Page] - Collector Site<br />
{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width=45% align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#ccccff"| Accomplishments<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
{{start box}}<br />
{{succession box | title=[[List of Major League Baseball home run champions|American League Home Run Champion]] | before=[[Jose Canseco]] & [[Cecil Fielder]] | years=1992&ndash;1993| after=[[Ken Griffey Jr.]]}}<br />
{{succession box | before = [[Mark McGwire]] | title = [[Home Run Derby|Home Run Derby Champion]]| years = 1993 | after = [[Ken Griffey, Jr.]]}}<br />
{{succession box | before = [[Mark McGwire]] <br> [[Bernie Williams]] | title = [[Player of the Month|American League Player of the Month]]| years = July 1996 <br> September 1997 | after = [[Alex Rodriguez]] <br> [[Manny Ramirez]]}}<br />
{{succession box | before = [[Mo Vaughn]] <br> [[Ken Griffey, Jr.]] | title = [[MLB Most Valuable Player award|American League Most Valuable Player]]| years = [[1996 in baseball|1996]] <br> [[1998 in baseball|1998]] | after = [[Ken Griffey, Jr.]] <br> [[Iván Rodríguez]]}}<br />
{{succession box | title=[[List of Major League Baseball RBI champions|American League RBI Champion]] | before=[[Ken Griffey Jr.]] | years=[[1998]]| after= [[Manny Ramirez]]}}<br />
{{end box}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1969 births|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:Living people|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:American League All-Stars|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:American League home run champions|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:American League RBI champions|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:Cleveland Indians players|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:Detroit Tigers players|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:Kansas City Royals players|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:Major league designated hitters|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:Major league right fielders|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:Puerto Rican baseball players|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:Texas Rangers players|Gonzalez, Juan]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(baseball)&diff=153838807Juan González (baseball)2007-08-26T23:42:09Z<p>Matty j: /* Early career */</p>
<hr />
<div>''For other uses, see: [[Juan González]].''<br />
{{Infobox MLB player<br />
| name = Juan Gonzalez<br />
| image = Juangonzalez.jpg<br />
| width = 200<br />
| caption =<br />
|bgcolor1=#003279<br />
|bgcolor2=#bd1021<br />
|textcolor1=white<br />
|textcolor2=white<br />
| team =<br />
| number =<br />
| position =Outfielder<br />
| birthdate ={{birth date and age|1969|10|20}}<br />
| bats =Right<br />
| throws =Right<br />
| debutdate =September 1<br />
| debutyear =1989<br />
| debutteam =[[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]]<br />
| statyear =July 26, 2007<br />
| stat1label =[[Batting average]]<br />
| stat1value =.295<br />
| stat2label =[[Home runs]]<br />
| stat2value =434<br />
| stat3label =[[Runs batted in]]<br />
| stat3value =1404<br />
| stat4label =<br />
| stat4value =<br />
| stat5label =<br />
| stat5value =<br />
| stat6label =<br />
| stat6value =<br />
| awards =<nowiki></nowiki><br />
*1996 & 1998 American League MVP<br />
*3-time American League All-Star<br />
*6-time American League Silver Slugger<br />
*American League [[List of Major League Baseball home run champions|home run champion]]: 1992, 1993<br />
*American League [[List of Major League Baseball RBI champions|RBI champion]]: 1998<br />
*5 seasons with a .300+ batting average<br />
*5 seasons with 40+ home runs<br />
*8 seasons with 100+ RBI<br />
*3 seasons with 100+ [[runs scored]]<br />
| teams =<nowiki></nowiki><br />
*[[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]] (1989-1999, 2002-2003)<br />
*[[Detroit Tigers]] (2000)<br />
*[[Cleveland Indians]] (2001, 2005)<br />
*[[Kansas City Royals]] (2004)<br />
}}<br />
'''Juan Alberto González Vázquez''' (born [[October 20]], [[1969]] in [[Arecibo, Puerto Rico]]), better known as '''Juan González''', and nicknamed "Juan Gone" or "[[Igor (fictional character)|Igor]]" (González being a fan of [[Sunshine Logroño]]'s comedic character), is a [[professional baseball]] [[right fielder]]. González bats and throws right-handed. He was one of the premier run producers during the 1990s, averaging 117 [[runs batted in]] per season between 1991 and 1999.<br />
<br />
== Early career ==<br />
"Juan Gone" was signed by the [[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]] as an amateur free agent in 1986 and made his Major League debut on September 1, [[1989 in sports|1989]] as a [[Major League Baseball transactions|September call-up]]. Prior to making it to the major leagues, he played for the [[Caguas Criollos]], a [[Puerto Rican]] professional baseball team based in [[Caguas, Puerto Rico|Caguas]].<br />
<br />
==Texas Rangers ==<br />
González' first full season was [[1991 in sports|1991]]. It was his first of many 100-plus RBI seasons, proving himself a capable middle of the line-up run producer. He improved his [[batting average]] and [[home run]] totals over the next few seasons, leading the league in homers in [[1992 in sports|1992]] (43) and [[1993 in sports|1993]] (46). On August 28, 1993, Gonzalez had the last 3-homer game in the history of Arlington Stadium.<br />
<br />
On the strength of González' steady production at the plate, Texas finished first in the [[American League|AL West]] division in [[1996 in sports|1996]], [[1998 in sports|1998]] and [[1999 in sports|1999]]. Despite an outstanding playoff output by Gonzalez in 1996, (.438 BA, 5 HR, 9 RBI, .526 OBP, 1.375 SLG% in 4 games) the Rangers were still defeated in the [[American League Division Series]] by the [[New York Yankees]], as well as in 1998 and 1999. Between 1996-98, González averaged 45 home runs and 144 RBI in 140 games, the most productive period in his career. He won the [[MLB Most Valuable Player Award|American League MVP award]] in [[1996 in sports|1996]] with a .314 BA, 47 HR and 144 RBI in just 134 games and [[1998 in sports|1998]] with a .318 BA, 45 HR and 157 RBI in 154 games. <br />
<br />
Fearing they would be unable to meet González' rising salary demands, Texas elected to trade him in the postseason, eventually settling on a deal with the [[Detroit Tigers]]. On [[November 2]], [[1999 in sports|1999]], he was traded with [[Danny Patterson]] and [[Gregg Zaun]] to Detroit for [[Frank Catalanotto]], [[Francisco Cordero]], [[Bill Haselman]], [[Gabe Kapler]], [[Justin Thompson]] and [[Alan Webb (baseball player)|Alan Webb]].<br />
<br />
== Detroit Tigers ==<br />
Upon trading for Gonzalez, the Tigers reportedly offered him a $140M contract over 8 years. Gonzalez turned down this offer, a decision he claims not to regret. <br />
<br />
The following season was a disaster for González and the Tigers as a team. [[2000 in sports|2000]] was the opening year for Detroit's new ballpark, [[Comerica Park]], and the team's management had counted on strong seasons from the team's new players to draw interest from fans. But, hampered by injuries, and being unable to adjust to Comerica's unfavorable dimensions, González didn't live up to his normal standards in his one year with the Tigers. Although his numbers were above average, he was not resigned by Detroit when his contract expired.<br />
<br />
As of the 2007 season, in what would've been the final year of is $140M Detroit Tigers Contract, Gonzalez has earned an estimated $46 million, almost $100M less that what he would have made from the Tigers.<br />
<br />
== Cleveland Indians ==<br />
González resurrected his career in [[2001 in sports|2001]] with the [[Cleveland Indians]], where he was asked to fill the void left behind as a result of [[Manny Ramirez]]' free agency departure to the [[Boston Red Sox]]. González batted .325 with 35 home runs and 140 RBI in 140 games, leading the Indians to the postseason where he hit .348 with 2 HR and 5 RBI in 5 games with a .739 SLG%.<br />
<br />
==2002 - 2005==<br />
At the age of 31, he completed the 2001 season with 402 lifetime homers, and seemed a lock to reach 500, 600 or more home runs, but then was hit with the injury bug, and was never the same player again.<br />
<br />
Despite Gonzalez's great success throughout the 90s, he began to seriously struggle with injuries. After signing a 24 million 2 year contract with the Rangers in the offseason, he played in just 70 games and put up meager stats for a person of his reputation in the 2002 season. In 2003 Gonzalez got off to a great start, but could only stay healthy for half of the season. He finished the season with a .294 BA, 24 HR and 70 RBI in 82 games. After signing with the Royals in 2004, he played in just 33 games. Despite a thorough work-out regimen in an attempt to comeback in the 2005 season, Gonzalez suffered a major injury to his hamstring and was out for the rest of the season after just one at-bat.<br />
<br />
==Comeback attempt==<br />
<br />
On [[March 20]], [[2006]], González's agent Alan Nero got a verbal agreement for a minor-league contract with the Boston Red Sox. No contract was actually signed, and after some negative comments coming from manager Terry Francona directed toward Gonzalez, Gonzalez decided to go elsewhere. <br />
<br />
On [[June 1]], [[2006]], González signed a contract with the [[Long Island Ducks]] of the Independent [[Atlantic League of Professional Baseball]]. <br />
<br />
For the 2006-07 winter season, Gonzalez played for the [[Gigantes de Carolina]] of the [[Puerto Rican Professional Baseball League]]. The Gigantes won the league championship, and they went on to compete on the [[Caribbean Series|Caribbean World Series]] where they finished in second place. González received the award for ''Best Designated Hitter'' in the tournament.<br />
<br />
In June 2007, Texas Rangers owner [[Tom Hicks]] was asked in an interview what deals he regretted making. He responded in part, "Juan González, for $24 million, after he came off steroids probably ... we just gave that money away.<ref>http://www.star-telegram.com/sports/columnists/jim_reeves/story/139989.html</ref> As of yet, González has not commented on these steroid allegations.<br />
<br />
==Teams==<br />
* [[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]]: 1991-1999, 2002-2003<br />
* [[Detroit Tigers]]: 2000<br />
* [[Cleveland Indians]]: 2001, 2005<br />
* [[Kansas City Royals]]: 2004<br />
<br />
== Accomplishments ==<br />
* 3-time All-Star (1993, 1998, 2001)<br />
* American League MVP (1996, 1998)<br />
* 3-time Top 10 MVP (9th, 1997; 4th, 1993; 5th, 2001)<br />
* His 434 career home runs ranks 31st on the all-time list<br />
* 6 Silver Slugger Awards (1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001)<br />
* 2-time American League Home Run Champion (1992, 1993)<br />
* 5 40+ HR Seasons (1992, 43; 1993, 46; 1996, 47; 1997, 42; 1998, 45)<br />
* Finished Top 5 in RBI 5 times. (1993, 4th, 118; 1996, 2nd, 144; 1997, 3rd, 131; 1998, '''1st''', 157; 1999, 5th, 128; 2001, 2nd, 140) <br />
* Finished Top 5 in Slugging Percentage 5 times. (1992, 5th, .561%; 1993, '''1st''', .632%; 1996, 2nd, .643%; 1997, 4th, .589%; 1998, 2nd, .630%; 1999, 4th, .601%; 2001, 5th, .590)<br />
* Became just the 2nd player in major league history in 1998 to have at least 100 RBI before the All-Star Break. (101, second to Hank Greenberg who had 103)<br />
* Ranks 5th on the All-Time HR/Plate Appearance List with 16.49<br />
* Ranks 7th on the All-Time RBI/G List with .831. The only other modern day player on the list is Manny Ramirez who ranks 6th with .833<br />
* Ranks 15th on the All-Time AB per HR list with 15.1 AB/HR.<br />
* Ranks 21st on the All-Time Slugging Percentage List with .561%<br />
* Tied for 1st in Postseason History in Home Runs in a single Division Series with Ken Griffey Jr. (Gonzalez - 5 HR in 4 games 1996, Griffey - 5 HR in 5 games in 1995)<br />
* Ranks 2nd in Postseason History in Slugging Percentage in a single Division Series (1.375% in 1996)<br />
* Ranks 2nd in Postseason History in OPS in a single Division Series (1.901 in 1996)<br />
* Tied for 2nd with 10 other players in Extra Base Hits in a single Division Series (5 in 1996 & 2001)<br />
* Ranks 3rd in Postseason History in Total Bases in a single Division Series (22 in 1996)<br />
* Ranks 7th in Postseason History in RBI in a single Division Series (9 in 1996)<br />
* Tied for 2nd in Postseason History in career HR in Division Series (8 HR, has 123 less Plate Appearances than Chipper Jones (1st) who has 9 HR and 144 PA less than Derek Jeter who also has 9 HR and is tied with Chipper Jones for 1st.)<br />
* Ranks 4th in Postseason History in career Slugging Percentage in the Division Series (.742)<br />
* Ranks 7th in Postseason History in career Extra Base Hits in Division Series (12)<br />
* Ranks 8th in Postseason History in career OPS in the Division Series (1.075)<br />
<br />
== Private life ==<br />
González was married to Puerto Rican [[volleyball]] legend [[Elaine López]], sister of fellow major leaguer [[Javy López]], during the early 1990s. This marriage broke down when a local newspaper released a cover photo of singer [[Olga Tañón]] kissing González during a concert in [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]]. A scandal followed, with González divorcing Elaine López and marrying Tañón, who said she had no idea González was married to Lopez when she kissed him. González and Tañon had a daughter together, [[Gabriela González Tañón]], in 1998. The marriage, González' fourth, ended in divorce less than two years later. Juan's daughter later became one of only fifty people in the world (and the first Puerto Rican) ever to have been diagnosed with [[Sebastian syndrome]], a mild blood clotting disorder.<br />
<br />
==See also ==<br />
* [[Top 500 home run hitters of all time]]<br />
* [[List of players from Puerto Rico in Major League Baseball|Players from Puerto Rico in professional baseball]]<br />
* [[List of famous Puerto Ricans]]<br />
* [[List of Major League Baseball players with 1000 runs]]<br />
* [[List of Major League Baseball players with 1000 RBI]]<br />
* [[List of Major League Baseball RBI champions]]<br />
* [[List of Major League Baseball home run champions]]<br />
* [[Major League Baseball hitters with three home runs in one game]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/players/profile?statsId=4398 2004 statistics and profile at ''ESPN'']<br />
* {{baseball-reference|id=g/gonzaju03}}<br />
* [http://www.juangone.com Juan Gonzalez Online] - Fan Site<br />
* [http://www.freewebs.com/gonzaleznut Juan Gonzalez Collector's Page] - Collector Site<br />
{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width=45% align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#ccccff"| Accomplishments<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
{{start box}}<br />
{{succession box | title=[[List of Major League Baseball home run champions|American League Home Run Champion]] | before=[[Jose Canseco]] & [[Cecil Fielder]] | years=1992&ndash;1993| after=[[Ken Griffey Jr.]]}}<br />
{{succession box | before = [[Mark McGwire]] | title = [[Home Run Derby|Home Run Derby Champion]]| years = 1993 | after = [[Ken Griffey, Jr.]]}}<br />
{{succession box | before = [[Mark McGwire]] <br> [[Bernie Williams]] | title = [[Player of the Month|American League Player of the Month]]| years = July 1996 <br> September 1997 | after = [[Alex Rodriguez]] <br> [[Manny Ramirez]]}}<br />
{{succession box | before = [[Mo Vaughn]] <br> [[Ken Griffey, Jr.]] | title = [[MLB Most Valuable Player award|American League Most Valuable Player]]| years = [[1996 in baseball|1996]] <br> [[1998 in baseball|1998]] | after = [[Ken Griffey, Jr.]] <br> [[Iván Rodríguez]]}}<br />
{{succession box | title=[[List of Major League Baseball RBI champions|American League RBI Champion]] | before=[[Ken Griffey Jr.]] | years=[[1998]]| after= [[Manny Ramirez]]}}<br />
{{end box}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1969 births|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:Living people|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:American League All-Stars|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:American League home run champions|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:American League RBI champions|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:Cleveland Indians players|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:Detroit Tigers players|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:Kansas City Royals players|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:Major league designated hitters|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:Major league right fielders|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:Puerto Rican baseball players|Gonzalez, Juan]]<br />
[[Category:Texas Rangers players|Gonzalez, Juan]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Guelph&diff=148766697University of Guelph2007-08-02T18:20:54Z<p>Matty j: /* Painting Old Jeremiah */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox_University <br />
|name = University of Guelph<br />
|image = [[Image:GuelphUniversityLogoCrest.jpg|125px|University of Guelph Logo and Crest]]<br />
|motto = ''Rerum cognoscere causas'' <br\>(To understand the causes of things)<br />
|established = 1964<br />
|type = [[Public university|Public]] <br />
|endowment = $164.2 Million<ref>http://www.uoguelph.ca/info/facts/financial.shtml</ref><br />
|chancellor = [[Pamela Wallin]]<br />
|chancellor emeritus = [[Lincoln Alexander]]<br />
|president = [[Alastair Summerlee]] <br />
|city = [[Guelph, Ontario|Guelph]]<br />
|province = [[Ontario|ON]]<br />
|country = [[Canada]] <br />
|undergrad = 17,332<ref>http://www.uoguelph.ca/info/facts/enrolment.shtml</ref><br />
|postgrad = 2,076 <ref>ibid.</ref><br />
|staff = 830<br />
|campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]/[[Suburb]]an&mdash;4.1 km² (1017 acres)<br />
|sports = Gryphons<br />
|mascot = Gryph<br />
|colours = Red and Yellow/Gold<br />
|website= [http://www.uoguelph.ca/ www.uoguelph.ca] <br />
|athletics= [http://www.gryphons.ca/ www.gryphons.ca]<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
The '''University of Guelph''' is a medium-sized university located in [[Guelph, Ontario|Guelph]], [[Ontario]], established in 1964. While the U of G offers degrees in many different disciplines, the university is best known for its focus on life sciences, based in part on a long-standing history of achievement in [[Agriculture]] and [[Veterinary Medicine]] and within Canada for its School of Fine Art and Music.<br />
<br />
The University of Guelph is currently ranked by ''[[Maclean's]]'' magazine as the top comprehensive university in Canada ("comprehensive" indicating institutions with significant research activity and a range of programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels, including professional degrees). It has also held this ranking in 1999, 2002, and 2003, with its reputation, innovative research-intensive programs, and lively campus life cited as particular strengths.<br />
<br />
The university is also home to the [[Ontario Veterinary College]], Ontario's only veterinary school.<br />
<br />
The university is represented in [[Canadian Interuniversity Sport]] by the [[Guelph Gryphons]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The [[Ontario Agricultural College]] (OAC) began in 1874 as an associate agricultural college of the [[University of Toronto]]. Its first building was Moreton Lodge, located where Johnston Hall now stands, which included classrooms, residences, a library, and a dining room. (Several buildings constructed during this time period are still a part of campus life today, including President's Residence, Raithby House, and Day Hall.)<br />
<br />
The Macdonald Institute was established in 1903 to house women's [[home economics]] programs at the college. The growth spurt from 1900 to 1906 also saw the construction of MacDonald Hall, Massey Hall and the Bullring.<br />
<br />
Several important buildings were opened in 1922, including the Ontario Veterinary College main building, Mills Hall (formerly a men's residence, converted to co-ed in 2000), and Food Science. Johnston Hall was constructed in 1931, taking the place of the torn-down Moreton Lodge. Johnston would house the OAC Administration from that year forth.<br />
<br />
In 1964, the Ontario Agricultural College, the Macdonald Institute, and the Ontario Veterinary College amalgamated and were granted University status, giving life to the University of Guelph as it is now known.<br />
<br />
Shortly after, during the period of 1967 to 1975, massive construction took place, giving rise to many new and expansive buildings such as the McLaughlin Library, the MacKinnon Building, the University Centre and South Residence.<br />
<br />
New construction has been taking place since 2001 as a result of the anticipated rise in enrolment due to the [[Ontario Academic Credit|Ontario double cohort]] and population increases. New buildings already constructed include the Gryphon Dome, the East Village Residences, and Rozanski Hall. A state-of-the-art science complex is currently being constructed. Guelph now enjoys a global reputation as "the Warwick [University] of Canada".<br />
<br />
==Campus==<br />
The main university campus spans 1,017 acres (4.1 km²), including the 408 acre (1.7 km²) [[University of Guelph Arboretum]] and a 30 acre (0.1 km²) research park. The Arboretum is rumoured to be haunted by the ghosts of former Presidents and Chancellors.<br />
<br />
The campus, which mixes old-fashioned brick buildings with more contemporary stone structures, is generally regarded as scenic. It is well-populated with trees, including those which line the main walkways, many of which are paved with red brick. The campus includes an arboretum with an impressive collection of trees.<br />
<br />
[[Image:UofGuelph-JohnstonHall.jpg|thumb|Johnston Hall]]<br />
<br />
Another highly visible landmark is Johnston Hall, constructed in 1931. The Johnston Clocktower overlooks Winegard Walk and is visible from much of the campus. The building also overlooks Johnston Green, a popular location for recreational sporting activities and outdoor concerts.<br />
<br />
===Regional Campuses===<br />
'''Ontario Agricultural College (OAC) Campuses'''<br />
<br />
The [[Ontario Agricultural College]] has a network of campuses and research stations throughout Ontario. Courses are offered in English in Guelph, Kemptville and Ridgetown, and in French at Collège d’Alfred.<br />
<br />
*[[Collège d'Alfred]]<br />
Collège d’Alfred is located in the eastern Ontario, in the town of [[Alfred, Ontario]] close to Canada’s capital city, Ottawa. This unique campus attracts students from across Canada and the world. It offers diploma and certificate programs which are all taught in French.<br />
<br />
*[[Kemptville College]]<br />
The Kemptville campus of Ontario Agriculture College is located in [[Kemptville, Ontario]]. It has been serving the residents of Eastern Ontario since 1917. The campus and research station is located on over 800 acres and features 21st century facilities.<br />
<br />
*[[Ridgetown College]]<br />
Located on over 450 acres in [[Ridgetown, Ontario]] this campus provides the advantages of a small town atmosphere with the opportunities of a larger center within a 30 minute drive.<br />
<br />
====[[University of Guelph-Humber]]====<br />
The University of Guelph-Humber is university-college partnership between the University of Guelph and [[Humber College]]. It is located on Humber's North Campus in [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]. The school offers seven regular four-year academic programs, each of which grant both a university honours degree and college diploma.<br />
<br />
==Organization==<br />
The governance of the University of Guelph is a [[bicameral]] system consisting of:<br />
*[http://www.uoguelph.ca/secretariat/senate/ The Senate]<br />
*[http://www.uoguelph.ca/secretariat/bog/ The Board of Governors]<br />
<br />
===Chancellors===<br />
*[[George Drew]] (1965–1971)<br />
*[[Emmett Matthew Hall]] (1971–1977)<br />
*[[Pauline Mills McGibbon]] (1977–1983)<br />
*[[William Atcheson Stewart]] (1983–1989)<br />
*[[Edmund Bovey]] (1989–1991)<br />
*[[Lincoln Alexander]] (1991-2007)<br />
*[[Pamela Wallin]] (2007–)<br />
<br />
===Presidents===<br />
*[[John D. MacLachlan]] (1964-1967)<br />
*[[William Winegard]] (1967-1975)<br />
*[[Donald Forster]] (1975-1983)<br />
*[[Burton Matthews]] (1983-1988)<br />
*[[Brian Segal]] (1988-1993)<br />
*[[Mordechai Rozanski]] (1993-2003)<br />
*[[Alastair Summerlee]] (2003-Present)<br />
<br />
==Academics==<br />
===Profile===<br />
The University of Guelph has over 90 majors in 13 degree programs and 63 Open Learning/Distance Education Opportunities. The University is home to 17,332 full-time and part-time undergraduate students, 2,076 full-time and part-time graduate students and almost 3000 faculty and staff [http://www.uoguelph.ca/info/facts/enrolment.shtml]. Over 99.8% of students entering the University of Guelph for the first time have academic averages of 75% and above. Guelph students also have the highest graduation rate among Canadian comprehensive universities (at 89%), 5.8% higher than the national average.<br />
<br />
===Faculties===<br />
The University of Guelph consists of seven [[Faculty (university)|faculties]] (or colleges, as they're known at Guelph):<br />
*[http://www.arts.uoguelph.ca/ College of Arts]<br />
*[http://www.uoguelph.ca/cbs/ College of Biological Science]<br />
*[http://www.uoguelph.ca/cme/ College of Management & Economics]<br />
*[http://www.cpes.uoguelph.ca/ College of Physical & Engineering Science]<br />
*[http://www.csahs.uoguelph.ca/ College of Social & Applied Human Sciences]<br />
*[[Ontario Agricultural College]]<br />
*[[Ontario Veterinary College]]<br />
<br />
Other areas of academic specialization include the:<br />
*[http://www.envsci.uoguelph.ca/ Faculty of Environmental Sciences] <br />
*[http://www.open.uoguelph.ca/ Office of Open Learning] <br />
*[http://www.guelphhumber.ca/ University of Guelph-Humber]<br />
<br />
===Library===<br />
The McLaughlin Library provides students with more then 400 computers in the library and access to books, periodicals, films, audiovisual and archival materials, government documents and maps. The library provides support for everyone's research needs, from undergraduate essays to specialized graduate-level investigations. The library has more than 1 million visitors annually.<br />
<br />
The Library has student-centred services from building hours, computer access, individual and group study space, and a main floor lounge serving food and refreshments. The Learning Commons also offers resources and services to help users with research, technology, writing, and learning with locations on the main floor of McLaughlin Library, the Ontario Veterinary College (OVC) Learning Commons and Guelph-Humber Learning Commons.<br />
<br />
The Tri-University Group of Libraries (TRELLIS) is part of a partnership involving the libraries of the Universities of Guelph, Waterloo and Wilfrid Laurier. Students have access to library resources totalling 7.5 million items through the automated library system. Guelph students, faculty and staff also have access to electronic resources from any location at any time. The Library is a leader in offering electronic resources, including nearly 10,000 e-journals as well as databases, reference resources, and live online help.<br />
<br />
*[http://www.lib.uoguelph.ca/ University of Guelph Library]<br />
*[http://www.learningcommons.uoguelph.ca/index.html Learning Commons]<br />
<br />
===Ranking and Reputation===<br />
In a national online survey of university students by the [http://www.universityreportcard.com University Report Card], University of Guelph students graded the UofG as the top medium-sized university in Canada. <br />
<br />
Guelph was also the only school among large and/or medium-sized universities to receive an "A" for student services. They also received an "A" for overall educational experience, which included the categories of: quality of teaching, faculty subject knowledge, teaching methods and availability of faculty outside the classroom. The University also gained an "A+" in faculty member's knowledge of subjects; overall university atmosphere; personal safety and security; freedom of expression; campus atmosphere and online services which included library resources, access to teaching materials and on-campus network.<br />
<br />
The University of Guelph is currently ranked by Maclean's magazine as the top comprehensive university in Canada ("comprehensive" indicating institutions with significant research activity and a range of programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels, including professional degrees). The University of Guelph has consistently ranked as a top 3 of comprehensive universitys in Canada ranking #1 in 1999, 2002, and 2003.<br />
<br />
==Student Life==<br />
Student government is headed by the [[Central Student Association]]. There are over 70 clubs accredited by the CSA along with dozens of clubs and organizations associated with the University of Guelph. <br />
<br />
The University also has a division under Student Life and Counselling Services which offers a comprehensive package of programs and services that help students make a successful transition to, through and from university life and study. The curricular and co-curricular initiatives, advising and support activities are set out to serve as vehicles through which students can explore their leadership capacity, make long lasting connections, and optimize opportunities to learn through experiences. As well as develop a sense of civic/community responsibility, and be engaged in the campus and community life of the University. <br />
<br />
===Student Residences===<br />
[[Image:WatsonHallUOG.jpg|right|200px|thumb|University of Guelph - Watson Hall]]<br />
<br />
A large portion of students reside on campus in co-ed residences. Those that do typically live in the East Residence (610 residents), Johnston Hall (315), Lambton Hall (400), Lennox (265) Addington (255) Hall, Macdonald Hall (150, female only), Maids Hall (50, also known as Artz Haüs), Mills Hall (160), Watson Hall (67, also known as International House) and South Residence (1700 residents evenly distributed across Mountain, Prairie and Maritime Halls).<br />
<br />
The LLC (Living Learning Centre) community is made up of Maids and Watson Halls, as well as two sections of the Dundas area in East known as Eco and French Houses (Freco). The program is conducted such that students who are interested in extra-curricular development of their interests peripheral to academic achievement can cohabitate among others with the same goal. Each individual community has Residence Life Staff personnel assigned to facilitate programming and community development centred around their respective focuses.<br />
<br />
Also on campus are the East Village Townhouses that were opened during the Fall of 2001. The townhouses consist of 164 four-, five- and six-bedroom self-contained units. These primarily house upper-year students.<br />
<br />
South Residence, the largest residence on campus, is home to 1700 students, as well as over 50 Residence Life Staff members.[http://www.housing.uoguelph.ca/page.cfm?group=subnav&id=9]. South Residence is split into three self-contained Halls with independent fire alarm grids. It was built in 1965 by [[Australian]] architect [[John Andrews (architect)|John Andrews]], a [[Brutalist architecture|brutalist architect]] who has designed several Canadian university residences.[http://www.architectureaustralia.com.au/aa/aaprintissue.php?issueid=200005&article=11] The persistent rumour that the residence was designed by the same architect as the [[Kingston Penitentiary]] is false. This would be all but impossible, as the iconic Canadian prison was constructed over a century before South Residence.<br />
<br />
Across campus, members of the Residence Student Government, known as [[Interhall Council]], contribute to the programming in each hall. This group of 60 elected members works with students within their halls and are also responsible for facilitating a hall council for hall members to attend. Interhall Council also acts as a liaison between students and Student Housing Services, University Administration, and other on-campus organizations.<br />
<br />
===Student Media===<br />
====Newspapers and Magazines====<br />
*[[The Ontarion]] - since 1951 and publishes every Thursday <br />
*'''The Peak''' - alternative magazine style publication<br />
*'''Hornblower: The HTM Magazine''' - since 1973, official publication of the School of Hospitality and Tourism Management<br />
*'''At Guelph''' - University's official newspaper<br />
<br />
====Online====<br />
*'''thecannon.ca''' is an online publication created for, and funded by, [[undergraduate]] students. <br />
<br />
Although it has a paid editor, all students are encouraged to submit news articles, announcements for upcoming events, opinion pieces, digital photographs and other content that Guelph students may find interesting or useful.<br />
<br />
Founded in September 2002, the site has features such as ''Rate-a-Prof'', where students share insight and opinions regarding professors, and a free classifieds section, available as a means of buying and selling used textbooks and course materials.<br />
<br />
The name of the site is a reference to Old Jeremiah, as the website parallels the use of the cannon as a campus-wide message board.<br />
<br />
====Radio====<br />
*[[CFRU-FM]] is a community campus station serving the students and community of Guelph.<br />
<br />
===Athletics===<br />
The university is represented in the [[Ontario University Athletics]] and the [[Canadian Interuniversity Sport]] by the [[Guelph Gryphons]]. The school colors are red, black and yellow or gold. The UG's mascot is a Gryphon named Gryph. The current athletic director is Tom Kendall.<br />
<br />
The University offers 15 [[Varsity team|varsity]] sports for men and 15 for women. OUA only sports include baseball (men), figure skating (women), golf, Nordic skiing, rowing, and rugby (men). <br />
<br />
Nationally, the OUA is one of the [[Canadian Interuniversity Sport|CIS]] conferences, along with [[Atlantic University Sport]], [[Canada West Universities Athletic Association]], and the [[Quebec Student Sports Federation]]. CIS sports which UG participates in include basketball, cross country running, field hockey (women), Canadian football (men), ice hockey, rugby (women), soccer, swimming, track & field, volleyball and wrestling. In 2006-2007, the University of Guelph won CIS titles in cross country (men) and cross country (women), while finishing as runners up in rugby (women).<br />
<br />
===Campus Traditions===<br />
====Painting Old Jeremiah====<br />
<br />
'''[[Old Jeremiah]]''' is the name of an antique British naval gun that rests in Branion Plaza, at the heart of the University of Guelph campus. Rumoured to have seen battle during the [[War of 1812]], Old Jeremiah was last fired in April 1913. After [[World War I]], the gun's barrel was plugged and it was brought to campus by students as a sign of remembrance for those lost in battle. It is often referred to simply and affectionately as '''The Cannon'''. During the 1970s, Old Jeremiah was briefly relocated to Johnston Green and renamed The Big Johnston.<br />
<br />
Due to its location, the cannon is highly visible and accessible. It lies along Winegard Walk, the main path through campus, and has become one of the university's landmarks.<br />
<br />
However, this was not always the case. As a result of jovial rivalry between Engineering and Agricultural Science students ("Aggies"), the cannon has enjoyed plenty of movement around the Guelph campus as a result of practical jokes between the two majors. Although it is nearly impossible to nail down the exact previous locations of the cannon, it is rumoured to have travelled all over campus, at one point even perching ontop of MacNaughton (a prominent university building containing the Bookstore), and at another even disappearing altogether and showing up a day later on the [[University of Waterloo]] campus. Eventually, fed up with the movement of Old Jeremiah, university officials cemented the cannon in place where it sits today. However, as a final stab at humour, a group of students shifted the still-mobile direction of the cannon's face, and aimed it at the fourth floor of the University Center, home of the institution's senior administration. Old Jeremiah rests in this position today. <br />
<br />
Despite its movement, the cannon enjoyed relative tranquility until the 1950s when an entrepreneuring student came up with the idea of painting a message on the highly visible landmark. The act of "painting the cannon" has since become a campus tradition with students, residences, sports teams, clubs and others braving the early morning hours to paint messages on the cannon, most often about upcoming events but also including birthday announcements, wedding proposals and public insults. The etiquette governing "painting the cannon" is unofficial but well-understood: 1) do not begin painting the cannon until the sun has set, 2) be finished by the time the first students arrive for classes in the morning, and 3) avoid profanity or coarse language. It is well-accepted practice to "guard" the cannon until sunrise so as to avoid another person or group painting over one's message.<br />
<br />
====The Pep Rally====<br />
This successful cornerstone of the University of Guelph’s Orientation program takes place each year on the evening of move-in day after new students move into residence. All new students within each residence are taught a dance - often referred to as the Hall Boogie - which is performed to a variety of mixed popular songs. Awards are presented to the Halls which demonstrate the best spirit, creativity, synchronisation and co-ordination. Many of the dances are very impressive, despite being practiced in typically an hour or less.<br />
<br />
A University of Guelph trademark dance move, Winding Your Toy{{Fact|date=July 2007}} , is almost always incorporated into each boogie, usually to a bass-heavy dance track. A winding motion is made with the rear hand - as if winding a wind-up toy - while the knees are bent in rhythm. The origins of "winding the toy" are not well known, yet it retains notoriety among students and friends of students at the university{{Fact|date=July 2007}}.<br />
<br />
The Rally is the kick-off to the remainder of Orientation activities. In 2005, "Student Power" was introduced as a low-key alternative event to the Pep Rally for anyone who may not be as inclined to participate in the highly energetic and boisterous Pep Rally. The University of Guelph must apply for a special noise permit for the event as the activity can often be heard for miles.<br />
<br />
==College Royal==<br />
An annual feature of the university is its open house, known as [http://www.collegeroyal.uoguelph.ca/ College Royal]. For a weekend each March, every part of the campus and its programs is exhibited to the public, from the barns of the Agricultural College to the sugar bush in the arboretum. It is highly popular with visitors of all ages, especially families with children who take advantage of the March break (the usual Ontario school break) to have an outing.<br />
<br />
The 2006 College Royal was visited by [[Rick Mercer]], taping a segment for his show, the ''[[Rick Mercer Report]]''.<br />
<br />
== Alumni ==<br />
<br />
The University of Guelph alumni keep touch with the university by a magazine which is named "The Portico". This magazine is sent to University of Guelph alumni each semester and they can find university news there. For names and articles about University of Guelph alumni, see [[:category:University of Guelph alumni]].<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[University of Guelph Arboretum]]<br />
* [[Ontario Veterinary College]]<br />
* [[Muck Crops Research Station]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.uoguelph.ca University of Guelph]<br />
*[http://myportico.uoguelph.ca MyPortico] the University of Guelph's Web Portal<br />
*[http://www.lib.uoguelph.ca/resources/archives/regional/index.html University of Guelph Library, Archival and Special Collections] has records for history of founding colleges: OAC, Macdonald Institute, and OVC<br />
*[http://www.guelphhumber.ca University of Guelph-Humber]<br />
*[http://www.csaonline.ca University of Guelph Central Student Association (Student Union)]<br />
*[http://www.thecannon.ca thecannon.ca]<br />
*[http://www.hanifworld.com/University-of-Guelph-photos.htm University of Guelph Photos]<br />
{{Ont_Uni}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:University of Guelph| ]]<br />
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1964]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Université de Guelph]]<br />
[[pl:Uniwersytet Guelph]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Burford,_Ontario&diff=148765600Talk:Burford, Ontario2007-08-02T18:14:49Z<p>Matty j: </p>
<hr />
<div>== J Burford Fields ==<br />
I should be living there.<br />
J Burford Fields<br />
<br />
== Vandalism ==<br />
<br />
The person who made comments in the text, should try to improve upon the text, as oppose to vandalize it. <br />
<br />
(cur) (last) 14:16, 2005 October 8 65.93.26.11 <br><br />
(cur) (last) 14:14, 2005 October 8 65.93.26.11 <br><br />
(cur) (last) 14:12, 2005 October 8 65.93.26.11 <br><br />
<br />
These successive edits raise valid complaints, I mean cancer is a wonderful thing and all, but they might try to add or edit the article to improve readabilty.--[[User:Mikerussell|Mikerussell]] 04:57, 20 October 2005 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== Changes ==<br />
<br />
I've tried to incorporate the above person's complaints into a neutral POV edit. There were a few things I didn't think were appropriate in the article, and a few things I didn't think were correct, either.<br />
<br />
* I've removed the mention of Burford Township since there hasn't been a Burford Township since amalgamation (circa 1999 or 2000).<br />
* I thought the mention of Burford's wealth being tied with a "cancer-causing crop" (tobacco) made it sound like Burford was consciously profitteering on people's poor health, which is very POV. It's a traditional crop for the area because the soil is sandy enough to grow it, no more, no less. The important part is the local economy slipped when smoking habits changed, which is true, most tobacco farmers are getting out of the crop.<br />
* The mention that the migrant workers aren't welcomed into the community is strongly POV. It makes the town sound racist which isn't fair. Many local businesses (particularly the grocery store) and farmers bend over backwards to cater to the migrant workers' needs. Keep in mind that there is a clear language barrier, most workers work ten-to-fifteen hours a day six days a week, Burford has no pubs/bowling alleys/other source of recreation, and the workers don't bring their children to Canada with them. These are also factors in why the workers aren't regularly seen pushing baby strollers down King Street and attending church socials.<br />
* I'd prefer more context given to the rivalry between towns. I've removed it for now, although I think it is still worth a mention. The way it was said made it sound like Burford is standoffish and condescending towards its neighbours. I can't say I've ever seen evidence of that. There's no rivalry between towns. What I have seen is some resistance to the perception of "outside" influence over local decisions, as with some recent County of Brant and Grand Erie District School Board decisions (such as closing the high school).<br />
<br />
-- [[User:Matty j|Matty j]] 17:01, 24 December 2005 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
== Matty j POV edits ==<br />
<br />
You sound like a promising spokesperson for the [http://www.tobaccoinstitute.com American Tobacco Institute]. [[RJR Nabisco]] and [[Phillip Morris]] may need people like you, so get your resume ready. If calling tobacco a "cancer-causing crop" is POV, then you have a very faulty understanding of the science and public health toll. To assume the article edit was offering a "[[guilt by association]]" argument- Burford because it grew tobacco is causing cancer- seems rather foolish, and perhaps indicates an over sensitivity on your part. Burford like many other communities profited from the crop and the general ignorance about its severe health consequences permeated society. Naming the crop as a [[carcinogen]] is justly factual. Just ask the [[Gretzky]] family about how wonderful a crop [[tobacco]] is. <br />
<br />
* I could do without the condescending tone. Substituting "cancer-causing crop" for "tobacco" in this article is like substituting "homicide-assisting instrument" for "hand gun" in some article not related to the pros and cons of handgun use. My point is that doing this substitution implies a level of culpability for the farmers because it causes cancer. Maybe there is, but if there is, it deserves a spot in another article. For my part, I've worked on several tobacco farms, and those farmers are just trying to put food on the table for their families, the same as everybody else. -- [[User:Matty j|Matty j]] 18:23, 7 January 2006 (UTC)<br />
::I don't want to pick a fight, but it seems really silly to suggest an article cannot contain any information about the qualities of the crop it grows, or the product it manufactures. A person who lived in a handgun producing state, grew wealthy from it, and then had to adjust because the laws surrounding the weapons changed due to world-wide accepted science, could not justly claim any mention of this is in an artcile describing the community is off-topic. You seem to be wedded to a faulty understanding of the fact-value disnction or something. --[[User:Mikerussell|Mikerussell]] 02:37, 17 January 2006 (UTC)<br />
<br />
I feel it is not my place to edit the article any longer, I put in my 2 cents based on my previous, limited, experience of the community, but I tend to think the above changes are a little to self-protective, thus ''very'' [[POV]]. Your explanation about migrant workers, itself, is evidence of the very ‘racist’ perspective I had hinted at in the article. Blaming the other group, and saying how much the store owners do for them- ''what, they import tortillas and goat meat to sell at a nice profit?''- indicates an absence of awareness of the real issue. The tune you are playing- 'look how much we do for them- bending over backwards for ''those'' people'- type song and dance is American cliche. These men are essential to the community’s continued economic survival, and are not integrated into the community. That's a fact, if not a problem. Can you honestly say you know how these groups feel? Saying they have no family is an excuse for what? I would be interested in having one edit the article too. Have you ever talked to any of them, just on the street? Burford is not alone in this situation, it occurs throughout rural [[Ontario]], and my comments helped balance out the rosy picture about-<br />
<br />
* I really don't know what you're getting at. <br />
:What I am getting at, in my comments, as in reference to the 'American song and dance' statement, is that you are articulating this kind of attitude that outsiders to Burford ''just don't understand our 'unique way of life'''. Since it is Martin Luther King Day in the States today, I just thought I would explain my earlier comments in this way, since that is why I think you are too sensitive. I know you feel protective of the community, but your perspective is not the only one, and others may add insights percisely because they are outsiders. I don't think this is condescending either. --[[User:Mikerussell|Mikerussell]] 02:37, 17 January 2006 (UTC)<br />
Yes, I have talked to "them". I've worked with them both planting tobacco and at the local grocery store, during my teens. I even agree, in a sense, that the workers are not integrated into the community. During the summer, the church pulpits and community group memberships (e.g. Lions Club, Optimist Club, etc.) are not indicative of the proportion of immigrant workers in the community at large. But I don't know what you're looking for. I mention that they don't have families in Canada because a significant portion of the "community" (day care, schools, Sunday school, youth sports leagues, etc.) is obviously therefore of no interest to them. There are other such obvious barriers. They typically only get Saturday evenings and Sundays off, and Burford has no late night recreation. Etc. Integration of that sort would be very difficult. And I should point out that this does not mean that they don't have a sense of community while they are here. There is a strong social web between farms that you might not notice unless you were to work on one. -- [[User:Matty j|Matty j]] 18:23, 7 January 2006 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:**Well why don't you edit this info into the article, instead of getting so defensive and withdrawing my comment. Adding to the article, with your insight into these people's life and role in the town deserves inclusion, no? I only went by the comments I heard from the kids in the school and the teachers to a lesser degree. I always read the weekly newspaper- ''The Burford Times'' and looked for insight into the gangs of men I would see toted around in school buses or straglers in town walking around, and never found any. I would really hope you add to the article, because you have worked elbow to elbow with these people and it would greatly improve the article. I write from the perspective of an outsider to Burford, you are too defensive, I think, you fail to recognize how strange it may be to an outsider to see gangs of men segregated, if not politically, at least physically from others. I think that simply needs to be noted as a fact, and you can add further insight. What might a person of colour from Toronto or Detroit fell like walking down King Street seeing this sharp demarcation? That is all that I am getting at, it is my observation of the community, not a criminal indictment. Simply noting the obvious doesn't need censorship in my opinion. Compared to cities like Mississauga, and Toronto, or any large urban centre where the racial mix is flux and fold among the crowd, as opposed to sharp divide, it immediately caught my attention. Wikipedia is read world-wide and not just in small towns, so I think it is valid to mention the obvious. It might impress readers to know this. As far as the tobacco, ferget it, man, I think the way you reponded speaks for itself- all I know is that more could be written about it, the change from the tobacco economy to present times is worth a novel, at least I got that impression talking to oldtime teachers at BDHS- they really would tell you how the community changed in the past thirty years because tobacco was correctly identified as a cancer-causing crop- that impact is not even mentioned in your edit. --[[User:Mikerussell|Mikerussell]] 01:51, 17 January 2006 (UTC)<br />
: “A rural community with strong ties to religious and community organizations, Burford Township prides itself on being a modern community with traditional small town ethics such as honesty, charity and industry.”<br />
<br />
Interesting you saw fit to keep this (something I also wrote), as if it might not be equally construed as POV. My opinion definitely came from the perspective of an outsider, a person who took a keen interest in the community while I worked at the now closed high school, and although my style of introducing the comments you edited out may not be to your liking- I think ultimately, someone might try to re-address the issues you have seen as biased, otherwise, the article will fail to accurately capture the community. --[[User:Mikerussell|Mikerussell]] 20:14, 26 December 2005 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
== Burford Times uses Township ==<br />
I added a link to the "online' edition of the ''Burford Times''- they still use the word Burford Township- and, quite frankly, I think they took a couple lines out my copy to describe the place. Just don't want people to think it is vice versa, and the article violates copyright or anything.--[[User:Mikerussell|Mikerussell]] 16:42, 3 March 2006 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== Image:Burford.jpg ==<br />
:''This is from my user page; it appears that the image will be deleted. Does anybody have a picture of Burford to replace it?''--[[User:Mikerussell|Mikerussell]] 06:57, 29 November 2006 (UTC)<br />
Thanks for uploading '''[[:Image:Burford.jpg]]'''. I notice the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under [[Wikipedia:Fair use|fair use]], but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our [[Wikipedia:Fair use criteria|first fair use criterion]] in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:<br />
<br />
# Go to [[:Image:Burford.jpg|the image description page]] and edit it to add {{[[Template:Replaceable fair use disputed|Replaceable fair use disputed]]}}, '''without deleting the original Replaceable fair use template'''.<br />
# On [[Image talk:Burford.jpg|the image discussion page]], write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.<br />
<br />
Alternatively, you can also choose to replace the fair use image by finding a freely licensed image of its subject, [[Wikipedia:Requesting copyright permission|requesting that the copyright holder release this (or a similar) image under a free license]], or by taking a picture of it yourself.<br />
<br />
If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our fair use criteria. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:Contributions|target={{PAGENAMEE}}&namespace=6}} this link]</span>. Note that any fair use images which are replaceable by free-licensed alternatives will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on [[Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#Images.2FMedia|criteria for speedy deletion]]. If you have any questions please ask them at the [[Wikipedia:Media copyright questions|Media copyright questions page]]. Thank you. -[[User:SCEhardt|<font color="blue">SCEhard</font>]][[User talk:SCEhardt|<font color="#3D9140"><b>T</b></font>]] 04:55, 29 November 2006 (UTC)<br />
::I got some self-made photos from a friend who allows me to upload as replacements. --[[User:Mikerussell|Mikerussell]] 23:24, 2 December 2006 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== Picture of religious sign removed ==<br />
Someone removed a picture of a sign depicting a religious phrase, b/c they said it was used to represent a whole town. I noticed this aawhile back too, some anonymous editor deleted it without explantion so I am just guessing it might be related to the recent edit. I found that removing it a little prejudicial to small towns in general, and Burford in particular, as if just b/c the sign was present ''everyone'' in the town was slavish Christians or something. The picture is 1 of 9 pictures and like all the photos are presented to add "local colour", not define a community. --[[User:Mikerussell|Mikerussell]] 03:49, 26 July 2007 (UTC)<br />
<br />
* I drive past that sign all the time, so I'm inclined to say keep it just because it cracked me up to see it here. Still, a picture of a local church might be more appropriate for presenting the spiritual/religious side of the town than a sign threatening eternal damnation in the name of "small town ethics" (I have seen signs like that in the city, too). I'll bring my camera home with me the next time I think about it. -- [[User:Matty j|Matty j]] 22:21, 26 July 2007 (UTC)<br />
:*Eternal damnation, eh, that's rather pessimestic, I never interpreted it like that. Technically, I always thought it could apply to any religious faith- the phrase has an existential weariness to it, on my take. Although obviously I assumed it was Christian. I think that is why people want to remove it though, they have a hyper-sensitivity to any public religious expression. Detroit drowns in public religious expression so I know the sign or one like it can be part of a city, although it still says something unique to me about Burford and surrounds, but perhaps it is just my private opinion. But I do think the sign is more telling then any church picture, I mean you can find churches in any town- small or large- signs such as that stand out, which is what caught my attention.--[[User:Mikerussell|Mikerussell]] 04:38, 28 July 2007 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== Out of Date Photos ==<br />
Someone might want to remove the photos of Tappers (or at least change the caption on it), seeing as that one of the "several restaurants in Burford" is no longer in business. Anyone have a picture of Rick's Place? [[User:74.114.211.12|74.114.211.12]] 17:56, 1 August 2007 (UTC)<br />
<br />
* I was thinking about that, too. Might be nice to get a picture of the new(-ish) United Church up as well. -- [[User:Matty j|Matty j]] 18:14, 2 August 2007 (UTC)</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Michael_Coren&diff=147332237Talk:Michael Coren2007-07-26T23:04:51Z<p>Matty j: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{WPBiography|living=yes|class=start|priority=|a&e-work-group=yes|listas=Coren, Michael}}<br />
<br />
<br />
The version of Coren's departure from CFRB now in the article is tilted way too much in the "pro-Coren" direction. Can we have both sides please in an objective manner?[[User:HOTR|Homey]] 00:12, 6 December 2005 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
It has not been proven that CFRB recieved 1,000 e-mails in support of Coren...the only source for this is Coren himself..<br />
<br />
Stop deleting my addition regarding Coren's claim that the United States is the greatest provider per-capita of foreign aid...he simply is not telling the truth...and there is a link to his website on the bottom of the page where you can find this for yourself.<br />
<br />
I have deleted the sentence: "In an article entitled "God Bless America" Michael Coren falsely claims that the United States is the leader in donation of foreign aid per capita."<br />
[[User:Smokie81|Smokie81]] 31 December 2005<br />
<br />
Why? Is this incorrect?[[User:HOTR|Homey]] 18:59, 31 December 2005 (UTC)<br />
<br />
I have reinserted the sentence: "In an article entitled "God Bless America" Michael Coren falsely claims that the United States is the leader in donation of foreign aid per capita."<br />
----<br />
<br />
It would help if you could include a source for the US not being the leader in foreign aid per capita. [[User:HOTR|Homey]] 00:10, 7 January 2006 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Once again I have deleted the sentence "In an article entitled "God Bless America" Michael Coren falsely claims that the United States is the leader in donation of foreign aid per capita." My reason for doing this is because the author of the sentence does not cite any sources that shows that Coren's assertion is false. [[User:Smokie81|Smokie81]] 07 Jan. 06<br />
<br />
Take a look at the figures here: [http://www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/Debt/USAid.asp#ForeignAidNumbersinChartsandGraphs]. It shows total assistance, not assistance per capita, but it's obvious that the U.S.'s foreign aid per capita is dwarfed by (for example) Norway's. --[[User:Lanius|Lanius]] 10:07, 15 January 2006 (UTC)<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
I've re-added the following, which was deleted earlier this month:<br />
<br />
: Coren was dismissed by CFRB as a result of complaints arising from comments ridiculing the weight of an apparent guest. In fact, the guest was an actor and the segment was scripted. According to CFRB's Operations Manager, Steve Kowch, "Pat Holiday, our general manager and myself went through the tape of Monday night's show and were shocked....it was totally out of bounds." Coren argues that it was a satire comparing in his mind public attitude to third world starvation with North America's obsession with slimming and self-indulgence.<br />
<br />
I can't honestly see anything contentious about this. A quick search of "Michael Coren fired" on Yahoo yields pages and pages of links attesting to this exact story. -- [[User:Matty j|Matty j]] 03:59, 25 May 2006 (UTC)<br />
<br />
He's baaack.....<br />
CFRB, September 10 2006....<br />
[[User:Bacl-presby|Bacl-presby]] 19:32, 7 September 2006 (UTC)<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
I added a link supporting Coren's equating of homosexuality with bestiality and necrophilia. http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Features/2007/05/22/4199026-sun.html. I can't find links supporting some of the other assertions in the article (e.g. the Tom Cruise statement, comparing Paul Martin to Hitler, etc.).</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Coren&diff=147331659Michael Coren2007-07-26T23:00:58Z<p>Matty j: /* Political controversies */ added a link</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Not verified|date=July 2007}}<br />
'''Michael Coren''' (born [[January 15]], [[1959]] in [[Essex]], [[England]]) is a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[columnist]], [[author]], public speaker, [[radio host]] and television talk show host. He is the host of the television series ''[[The Michael Coren Show]]''. He has also been a long-time radio personality, particularly on [[CFRB]] radio. <br />
<br />
== Career in Canadian media ==<br />
Coren moved from the UK to Canada in [[1987]]. For several years, he was a columnist for ''[[Frank (magazine)|Frank]]'' and then ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', before he began syndicated columns for the ''[[Financial Post]]'' and [[Sun Media]] in [[1995]]. Following his departure from ''Frank'', he became a favourite target of that publication, culminating in a spoof ad contest to "deflower" Michael Coren (a nod to ''Frank''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s notorious "Deflower [[Caroline Mulroney]]" contest, and a satirical jab at Coren's conservative leanings.) Coren had also been a favorite target of ''Frank'' back in the days before he began writing for them.<br />
<br />
He is also a broadcaster, co-hosting a political debate segment with [[Irshad Manji]] on [[TVOntario]]'s ''[[Studio 2]]''. In [[1995]], he began an evening talk show on [[CFRB (AM)|CFRB]]. In [[1999]], Coren briefly moved to [[CFMJ (AM)|Talk 640]] for a short stint as its morning man. He returned to CFRB, where he broadcasted from 6:30 to 8:00 p.m. weekday nights, and regularly filled in for other hosts until November 2005. Coren was dismissed by [[CFRB]] as a result of complaints arising from comments ridiculing the weight of an apparent guest. In fact, the guest was an actor and the segment was scripted. According to CFRB's Operations Manager, Steve Kowch, "Pat Holiday, our general manager and myself went through the tape of Monday night's show and were shocked....it was totally out of bounds." Coren argues that it was a satire comparing in his mind public attitude to third world starvation with North America's obsession with slimming and self-indulgence. <br />
<br />
Despite this acrimonious termination, Coren made regular talk show appearances on CFRB in [[July]] [[2006]], at the start of the [[2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict]], as he happened to be in Israel at the time. After receiving 60% approval from CFRB listeners in an August 2006 poll, Coren returned to the CFRB airwaves in September 2006 with a Sunday Evening show.<ref> The Sunday Evening show began as a 1 hour program from 7 to 8pm but as of April 22 was expanded into a 2 hour show. Coren celebrated the occasion by giving out double the normal amount of prizes usually given on the show. [http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2006/sep/06090704.html Michael Coren Reinstated on CFRB Radio, by "Popular Demand"], [[LifeSiteNews]], September 7, 2006.</ref> As of the 22nd of April 2007, the show expanded from its usual 1 hour 7-8pm to 7-9 pm. Coren celebrated by giving away double the prizes usually given out. <br />
<br />
On television, Coren hosts ''[[The Michael Coren Show]]'' weeknights on [[CITS-TV|Crossroads Television Services]], and is published every Saturday in the Sun newspaper chain. He is also a columnist for the ''[[Western Standard]]'', Catholic Insight and The Women's Post and writes regularly for the ''[[National Post]]'', ''[[Reader's Digest]]'' and several other publications. He is also a public speaker, particularly at religious gatherings.<br />
<br />
== Political controversies ==<br />
<br />
His most popular opinions involve issues surrounding the role of Judeo-Christian ideals in Canadian political life. He has expressed staunch opposition to [[same-sex marriage]]. He once made the comment on his show that "Tom Cruise is not an Oscar Wilde pussy" and he said that the gay community is obsessed with Tom Cruise.<br />
<br />
In a debate printed in the Sun newspaper over whether the Anglican Church should bless same-sex unions, Michael Coren likened homosexuality to bestiality and necrophilia [http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Features/2007/05/22/4199026-sun.html]. He likened Prime Minister Paul Martin to Hitler for his support of gay marriage. One article on the topic, published [[July 3]], [[2003]], led to an email being circulated through the [[Equality for Gays and Lesbians Everywhere|EGALE]] email list which called for harassment at Coren's home.<br />
<br />
He also drew some criticism from [[Paganism|Pagan]] groups for an [[August 2]], [[2003]] article in which he expressed displeasure with the decision to allow tax-funded [[Wiccan]] [[chaplain]]s to work in Canadian [[prison]]s.<br />
<br />
He is staunchly [[pro-life]] and has a reputation as a mainstream [[social conservatism (Canada)|social conservative]]. Unlike many of his conservative counterparts, he was opposed the US Invasion of Iraq [http://www.torontosun.com/Comment/2006/09/02/pf-1795204.html].<br />
<br />
== Spirituality ==<br />
His articles and speeches often include stories of his own personal spiritual journey. Coren's father was Jewish as was his maternal grandfather.<br />
<br />
He converted to [[evangelicalism|Evangelical]] Christianity after a [[religious conversion|conversion experience]] as an adult, greatly influenced by Canadian [[televangelist]] [[Terry Winter]]. <br />
<br />
In early 2004, he embraced Catholicism. He cites St. [[Thomas More]], [[C.S. Lewis]], [[Ronald Knox]] and his God-father Lord Longford as spiritual influences, but remains connected to the ecumenical scene in Canada and beyond.<br />
<br />
== Published Books ==<br />
Coren is the author of eleven books including works of social criticism and biographies of famous writers. His biographies include the lives of [[G.K. Chesterton]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[H.G. Wells]], [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], and [[C.S. Lewis]]. His books have been translated into fourteen languages. He is currently writing a book entitled Socon, A Handbook for Moral Conservatives.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.michaelcoren.com/ Official site]<br />
*[http://www.cfrb.com/shows/michaelcoren Michael Coren on CFRB]<br />
<br />
[[Category:1959 births|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Living people|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian radio personalities|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian television talk show hosts|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian columnists|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Roman Catholic writers|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Nottingham|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian Jews|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:British Jews|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:People from Essex|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism|Coren, Michael]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Coren&diff=147328635Michael Coren2007-07-26T22:45:14Z<p>Matty j: /* Political controversies */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Not verified|date=July 2007}}<br />
'''Michael Coren''' (born [[January 15]], [[1959]] in [[Essex]], [[England]]) is a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[columnist]], [[author]], public speaker, [[radio host]] and television talk show host. He is the host of the television series ''[[The Michael Coren Show]]''. He has also been a long-time radio personality, particularly on [[CFRB]] radio. <br />
<br />
== Career in Canadian media ==<br />
Coren moved from the UK to Canada in [[1987]]. For several years, he was a columnist for ''[[Frank (magazine)|Frank]]'' and then ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', before he began syndicated columns for the ''[[Financial Post]]'' and [[Sun Media]] in [[1995]]. Following his departure from ''Frank'', he became a favourite target of that publication, culminating in a spoof ad contest to "deflower" Michael Coren (a nod to ''Frank''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s notorious "Deflower [[Caroline Mulroney]]" contest, and a satirical jab at Coren's conservative leanings.) Coren had also been a favorite target of ''Frank'' back in the days before he began writing for them.<br />
<br />
He is also a broadcaster, co-hosting a political debate segment with [[Irshad Manji]] on [[TVOntario]]'s ''[[Studio 2]]''. In [[1995]], he began an evening talk show on [[CFRB (AM)|CFRB]]. In [[1999]], Coren briefly moved to [[CFMJ (AM)|Talk 640]] for a short stint as its morning man. He returned to CFRB, where he broadcasted from 6:30 to 8:00 p.m. weekday nights, and regularly filled in for other hosts until November 2005. Coren was dismissed by [[CFRB]] as a result of complaints arising from comments ridiculing the weight of an apparent guest. In fact, the guest was an actor and the segment was scripted. According to CFRB's Operations Manager, Steve Kowch, "Pat Holiday, our general manager and myself went through the tape of Monday night's show and were shocked....it was totally out of bounds." Coren argues that it was a satire comparing in his mind public attitude to third world starvation with North America's obsession with slimming and self-indulgence. <br />
<br />
Despite this acrimonious termination, Coren made regular talk show appearances on CFRB in [[July]] [[2006]], at the start of the [[2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict]], as he happened to be in Israel at the time. After receiving 60% approval from CFRB listeners in an August 2006 poll, Coren returned to the CFRB airwaves in September 2006 with a Sunday Evening show.<ref> The Sunday Evening show began as a 1 hour program from 7 to 8pm but as of April 22 was expanded into a 2 hour show. Coren celebrated the occasion by giving out double the normal amount of prizes usually given on the show. [http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2006/sep/06090704.html Michael Coren Reinstated on CFRB Radio, by "Popular Demand"], [[LifeSiteNews]], September 7, 2006.</ref> As of the 22nd of April 2007, the show expanded from its usual 1 hour 7-8pm to 7-9 pm. Coren celebrated by giving away double the prizes usually given out. <br />
<br />
On television, Coren hosts ''[[The Michael Coren Show]]'' weeknights on [[CITS-TV|Crossroads Television Services]], and is published every Saturday in the Sun newspaper chain. He is also a columnist for the ''[[Western Standard]]'', Catholic Insight and The Women's Post and writes regularly for the ''[[National Post]]'', ''[[Reader's Digest]]'' and several other publications. He is also a public speaker, particularly at religious gatherings.<br />
<br />
== Political controversies ==<br />
<br />
His most popular opinions involve issues surrounding the role of Judeo-Christian ideals in Canadian political life. He has expressed staunch opposition to [[same-sex marriage]]. He once made the comment on his show that "Tom Cruise is not an Oscar Wilde pussy" and he said that the gay community is obsessed with Tom Cruise.<br />
<br />
In a debate printed in the Sun newspaper over whether the Anglican Church should bless same-sex unions, Michael Coren likened homosexuality to bestiality and necrophilia. He likened Prime Minister Paul Martin to Hitler for his support of gay marriage. One article on the topic, published [[July 3]], [[2003]], led to an email being circulated through the [[Equality for Gays and Lesbians Everywhere|EGALE]] email list which called for harassment at Coren's home.<br />
<br />
He also drew some criticism from [[Paganism|Pagan]] groups for an [[August 2]], [[2003]] article in which he expressed displeasure with the decision to allow tax-funded [[Wiccan]] [[chaplain]]s to work in Canadian [[prison]]s.<br />
<br />
He is staunchly [[pro-life]] and has a reputation as a mainstream [[social conservatism (Canada)|social conservative]]. We was opposed the US Invasion of Iraq. [http://www.torontosun.com/Comment/2006/09/02/pf-1795204.html]<br />
<br />
== Spirituality ==<br />
His articles and speeches often include stories of his own personal spiritual journey. Coren's father was Jewish as was his maternal grandfather.<br />
<br />
He converted to [[evangelicalism|Evangelical]] Christianity after a [[religious conversion|conversion experience]] as an adult, greatly influenced by Canadian [[televangelist]] [[Terry Winter]]. <br />
<br />
In early 2004, he embraced Catholicism. He cites St. [[Thomas More]], [[C.S. Lewis]], [[Ronald Knox]] and his God-father Lord Longford as spiritual influences, but remains connected to the ecumenical scene in Canada and beyond.<br />
<br />
== Published Books ==<br />
Coren is the author of eleven books including works of social criticism and biographies of famous writers. His biographies include the lives of [[G.K. Chesterton]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[H.G. Wells]], [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], and [[C.S. Lewis]]. His books have been translated into fourteen languages. He is currently writing a book entitled Socon, A Handbook for Moral Conservatives.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.michaelcoren.com/ Official site]<br />
*[http://www.cfrb.com/shows/michaelcoren Michael Coren on CFRB]<br />
<br />
[[Category:1959 births|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Living people|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian radio personalities|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian television talk show hosts|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian columnists|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Roman Catholic writers|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Nottingham|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian Jews|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:British Jews|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:People from Essex|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism|Coren, Michael]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Coren&diff=147328215Michael Coren2007-07-26T22:42:52Z<p>Matty j: /* Spirituality */</p>
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<div>{{Not verified|date=July 2007}}<br />
'''Michael Coren''' (born [[January 15]], [[1959]] in [[Essex]], [[England]]) is a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[columnist]], [[author]], public speaker, [[radio host]] and television talk show host. He is the host of the television series ''[[The Michael Coren Show]]''. He has also been a long-time radio personality, particularly on [[CFRB]] radio. <br />
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== Career in Canadian media ==<br />
Coren moved from the UK to Canada in [[1987]]. For several years, he was a columnist for ''[[Frank (magazine)|Frank]]'' and then ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', before he began syndicated columns for the ''[[Financial Post]]'' and [[Sun Media]] in [[1995]]. Following his departure from ''Frank'', he became a favourite target of that publication, culminating in a spoof ad contest to "deflower" Michael Coren (a nod to ''Frank''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s notorious "Deflower [[Caroline Mulroney]]" contest, and a satirical jab at Coren's conservative leanings.) Coren had also been a favorite target of ''Frank'' back in the days before he began writing for them.<br />
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He is also a broadcaster, co-hosting a political debate segment with [[Irshad Manji]] on [[TVOntario]]'s ''[[Studio 2]]''. In [[1995]], he began an evening talk show on [[CFRB (AM)|CFRB]]. In [[1999]], Coren briefly moved to [[CFMJ (AM)|Talk 640]] for a short stint as its morning man. He returned to CFRB, where he broadcasted from 6:30 to 8:00 p.m. weekday nights, and regularly filled in for other hosts until November 2005. Coren was dismissed by [[CFRB]] as a result of complaints arising from comments ridiculing the weight of an apparent guest. In fact, the guest was an actor and the segment was scripted. According to CFRB's Operations Manager, Steve Kowch, "Pat Holiday, our general manager and myself went through the tape of Monday night's show and were shocked....it was totally out of bounds." Coren argues that it was a satire comparing in his mind public attitude to third world starvation with North America's obsession with slimming and self-indulgence. <br />
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Despite this acrimonious termination, Coren made regular talk show appearances on CFRB in [[July]] [[2006]], at the start of the [[2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict]], as he happened to be in Israel at the time. After receiving 60% approval from CFRB listeners in an August 2006 poll, Coren returned to the CFRB airwaves in September 2006 with a Sunday Evening show.<ref> The Sunday Evening show began as a 1 hour program from 7 to 8pm but as of April 22 was expanded into a 2 hour show. Coren celebrated the occasion by giving out double the normal amount of prizes usually given on the show. [http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2006/sep/06090704.html Michael Coren Reinstated on CFRB Radio, by "Popular Demand"], [[LifeSiteNews]], September 7, 2006.</ref> As of the 22nd of April 2007, the show expanded from its usual 1 hour 7-8pm to 7-9 pm. Coren celebrated by giving away double the prizes usually given out. <br />
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On television, Coren hosts ''[[The Michael Coren Show]]'' weeknights on [[CITS-TV|Crossroads Television Services]], and is published every Saturday in the Sun newspaper chain. He is also a columnist for the ''[[Western Standard]]'', Catholic Insight and The Women's Post and writes regularly for the ''[[National Post]]'', ''[[Reader's Digest]]'' and several other publications. He is also a public speaker, particularly at religious gatherings.<br />
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== Political controversies ==<br />
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His most popular opinions involve issues surrounding the role of Judeo-Christian ideals in Canadian political life. He has expressed staunch opposition to [[same-sex marriage]]. He once made the comment on his show that "Tom Cruise is not an Oscar Wilde pussy." and he said that the gay community is obsessed with Tom Cruise. In a debate printed in the Sun newspaper over whether the Anglican Church should bless same-sex unions, Michael Coren likened homosexuality to bestiality and necrophilia. He likened Prime Minister Paul Martin to Hitler for his support of gay marriage. One article on the topic, published [[July 3]], [[2003]], led to an email being circulated through the [[Equality for Gays and Lesbians Everywhere|EGALE]] email list which called for harassment at Coren's home. He also drew some criticism from [[Paganism|Pagan]] groups for an [[August 2]], [[2003]] article in which he expressed displeasure with the decision to allow tax-funded [[Wiccan]] [[chaplain]]s to work in Canadian [[prison]]s. He is also [[pro-life]]. Coren has a reputation as a mainstream [[social conservatism (Canada)|social conservative]]. Opposed the US Invasion of Iraq.[http://www.torontosun.com/Comment/2006/09/02/pf-1795204.html]<br />
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== Spirituality ==<br />
His articles and speeches often include stories of his own personal spiritual journey. Coren's father was Jewish as was his maternal grandfather.<br />
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He converted to [[evangelicalism|Evangelical]] Christianity after a [[religious conversion|conversion experience]] as an adult, greatly influenced by Canadian [[televangelist]] [[Terry Winter]]. <br />
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In early 2004, he embraced Catholicism. He cites St. [[Thomas More]], [[C.S. Lewis]], [[Ronald Knox]] and his God-father Lord Longford as spiritual influences, but remains connected to the ecumenical scene in Canada and beyond.<br />
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== Published Books ==<br />
Coren is the author of eleven books including works of social criticism and biographies of famous writers. His biographies include the lives of [[G.K. Chesterton]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[H.G. Wells]], [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], and [[C.S. Lewis]]. His books have been translated into fourteen languages. He is currently writing a book entitled Socon, A Handbook for Moral Conservatives.<br />
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==References==<br />
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==External links==<br />
*[http://www.michaelcoren.com/ Official site]<br />
*[http://www.cfrb.com/shows/michaelcoren Michael Coren on CFRB]<br />
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[[Category:1959 births|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Living people|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian radio personalities|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian television talk show hosts|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian columnists|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Roman Catholic writers|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Nottingham|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Canadian Jews|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:British Jews|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:People from Essex|Coren, Michael]]<br />
[[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism|Coren, Michael]]</div>Matty jhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Burford,_Ontario&diff=147324517Talk:Burford, Ontario2007-07-26T22:21:39Z<p>Matty j: /* Picture of religious sign removed */</p>
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<div>== J Burford Fields ==<br />
I should be living there.<br />
J Burford Fields<br />
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== Vandalism ==<br />
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The person who made comments in the text, should try to improve upon the text, as oppose to vandalize it. <br />
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(cur) (last) 14:16, 2005 October 8 65.93.26.11 <br><br />
(cur) (last) 14:14, 2005 October 8 65.93.26.11 <br><br />
(cur) (last) 14:12, 2005 October 8 65.93.26.11 <br><br />
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These successive edits raise valid complaints, I mean cancer is a wonderful thing and all, but they might try to add or edit the article to improve readabilty.--[[User:Mikerussell|Mikerussell]] 04:57, 20 October 2005 (UTC)<br />
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== Changes ==<br />
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I've tried to incorporate the above person's complaints into a neutral POV edit. There were a few things I didn't think were appropriate in the article, and a few things I didn't think were correct, either.<br />
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* I've removed the mention of Burford Township since there hasn't been a Burford Township since amalgamation (circa 1999 or 2000).<br />
* I thought the mention of Burford's wealth being tied with a "cancer-causing crop" (tobacco) made it sound like Burford was consciously profitteering on people's poor health, which is very POV. It's a traditional crop for the area because the soil is sandy enough to grow it, no more, no less. The important part is the local economy slipped when smoking habits changed, which is true, most tobacco farmers are getting out of the crop.<br />
* The mention that the migrant workers aren't welcomed into the community is strongly POV. It makes the town sound racist which isn't fair. Many local businesses (particularly the grocery store) and farmers bend over backwards to cater to the migrant workers' needs. Keep in mind that there is a clear language barrier, most workers work ten-to-fifteen hours a day six days a week, Burford has no pubs/bowling alleys/other source of recreation, and the workers don't bring their children to Canada with them. These are also factors in why the workers aren't regularly seen pushing baby strollers down King Street and attending church socials.<br />
* I'd prefer more context given to the rivalry between towns. I've removed it for now, although I think it is still worth a mention. The way it was said made it sound like Burford is standoffish and condescending towards its neighbours. I can't say I've ever seen evidence of that. There's no rivalry between towns. What I have seen is some resistance to the perception of "outside" influence over local decisions, as with some recent County of Brant and Grand Erie District School Board decisions (such as closing the high school).<br />
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-- [[User:Matty j|Matty j]] 17:01, 24 December 2005 (UTC)<br />
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== Matty j POV edits ==<br />
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You sound like a promising spokesperson for the [http://www.tobaccoinstitute.com American Tobacco Institute]. [[RJR Nabisco]] and [[Phillip Morris]] may need people like you, so get your resume ready. If calling tobacco a "cancer-causing crop" is POV, then you have a very faulty understanding of the science and public health toll. To assume the article edit was offering a "[[guilt by association]]" argument- Burford because it grew tobacco is causing cancer- seems rather foolish, and perhaps indicates an over sensitivity on your part. Burford like many other communities profited from the crop and the general ignorance about its severe health consequences permeated society. Naming the crop as a [[carcinogen]] is justly factual. Just ask the [[Gretzky]] family about how wonderful a crop [[tobacco]] is. <br />
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* I could do without the condescending tone. Substituting "cancer-causing crop" for "tobacco" in this article is like substituting "homicide-assisting instrument" for "hand gun" in some article not related to the pros and cons of handgun use. My point is that doing this substitution implies a level of culpability for the farmers because it causes cancer. Maybe there is, but if there is, it deserves a spot in another article. For my part, I've worked on several tobacco farms, and those farmers are just trying to put food on the table for their families, the same as everybody else. -- [[User:Matty j|Matty j]] 18:23, 7 January 2006 (UTC)<br />
::I don't want to pick a fight, but it seems really silly to suggest an article cannot contain any information about the qualities of the crop it grows, or the product it manufactures. A person who lived in a handgun producing state, grew wealthy from it, and then had to adjust because the laws surrounding the weapons changed due to world-wide accepted science, could not justly claim any mention of this is in an artcile describing the community is off-topic. You seem to be wedded to a faulty understanding of the fact-value disnction or something. --[[User:Mikerussell|Mikerussell]] 02:37, 17 January 2006 (UTC)<br />
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I feel it is not my place to edit the article any longer, I put in my 2 cents based on my previous, limited, experience of the community, but I tend to think the above changes are a little to self-protective, thus ''very'' [[POV]]. Your explanation about migrant workers, itself, is evidence of the very ‘racist’ perspective I had hinted at in the article. Blaming the other group, and saying how much the store owners do for them- ''what, they import tortillas and goat meat to sell at a nice profit?''- indicates an absence of awareness of the real issue. The tune you are playing- 'look how much we do for them- bending over backwards for ''those'' people'- type song and dance is American cliche. These men are essential to the community’s continued economic survival, and are not integrated into the community. That's a fact, if not a problem. Can you honestly say you know how these groups feel? Saying they have no family is an excuse for what? I would be interested in having one edit the article too. Have you ever talked to any of them, just on the street? Burford is not alone in this situation, it occurs throughout rural [[Ontario]], and my comments helped balance out the rosy picture about-<br />
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* I really don't know what you're getting at. <br />
:What I am getting at, in my comments, as in reference to the 'American song and dance' statement, is that you are articulating this kind of attitude that outsiders to Burford ''just don't understand our 'unique way of life'''. Since it is Martin Luther King Day in the States today, I just thought I would explain my earlier comments in this way, since that is why I think you are too sensitive. I know you feel protective of the community, but your perspective is not the only one, and others may add insights percisely because they are outsiders. I don't think this is condescending either. --[[User:Mikerussell|Mikerussell]] 02:37, 17 January 2006 (UTC)<br />
Yes, I have talked to "them". I've worked with them both planting tobacco and at the local grocery store, during my teens. I even agree, in a sense, that the workers are not integrated into the community. During the summer, the church pulpits and community group memberships (e.g. Lions Club, Optimist Club, etc.) are not indicative of the proportion of immigrant workers in the community at large. But I don't know what you're looking for. I mention that they don't have families in Canada because a significant portion of the "community" (day care, schools, Sunday school, youth sports leagues, etc.) is obviously therefore of no interest to them. There are other such obvious barriers. They typically only get Saturday evenings and Sundays off, and Burford has no late night recreation. Etc. Integration of that sort would be very difficult. And I should point out that this does not mean that they don't have a sense of community while they are here. There is a strong social web between farms that you might not notice unless you were to work on one. -- [[User:Matty j|Matty j]] 18:23, 7 January 2006 (UTC)<br />
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:**Well why don't you edit this info into the article, instead of getting so defensive and withdrawing my comment. Adding to the article, with your insight into these people's life and role in the town deserves inclusion, no? I only went by the comments I heard from the kids in the school and the teachers to a lesser degree. I always read the weekly newspaper- ''The Burford Times'' and looked for insight into the gangs of men I would see toted around in school buses or straglers in town walking around, and never found any. I would really hope you add to the article, because you have worked elbow to elbow with these people and it would greatly improve the article. I write from the perspective of an outsider to Burford, you are too defensive, I think, you fail to recognize how strange it may be to an outsider to see gangs of men segregated, if not politically, at least physically from others. I think that simply needs to be noted as a fact, and you can add further insight. What might a person of colour from Toronto or Detroit fell like walking down King Street seeing this sharp demarcation? That is all that I am getting at, it is my observation of the community, not a criminal indictment. Simply noting the obvious doesn't need censorship in my opinion. Compared to cities like Mississauga, and Toronto, or any large urban centre where the racial mix is flux and fold among the crowd, as opposed to sharp divide, it immediately caught my attention. Wikipedia is read world-wide and not just in small towns, so I think it is valid to mention the obvious. It might impress readers to know this. As far as the tobacco, ferget it, man, I think the way you reponded speaks for itself- all I know is that more could be written about it, the change from the tobacco economy to present times is worth a novel, at least I got that impression talking to oldtime teachers at BDHS- they really would tell you how the community changed in the past thirty years because tobacco was correctly identified as a cancer-causing crop- that impact is not even mentioned in your edit. --[[User:Mikerussell|Mikerussell]] 01:51, 17 January 2006 (UTC)<br />
: “A rural community with strong ties to religious and community organizations, Burford Township prides itself on being a modern community with traditional small town ethics such as honesty, charity and industry.”<br />
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Interesting you saw fit to keep this (something I also wrote), as if it might not be equally construed as POV. My opinion definitely came from the perspective of an outsider, a person who took a keen interest in the community while I worked at the now closed high school, and although my style of introducing the comments you edited out may not be to your liking- I think ultimately, someone might try to re-address the issues you have seen as biased, otherwise, the article will fail to accurately capture the community. --[[User:Mikerussell|Mikerussell]] 20:14, 26 December 2005 (UTC)<br />
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== Burford Times uses Township ==<br />
I added a link to the "online' edition of the ''Burford Times''- they still use the word Burford Township- and, quite frankly, I think they took a couple lines out my copy to describe the place. Just don't want people to think it is vice versa, and the article violates copyright or anything.--[[User:Mikerussell|Mikerussell]] 16:42, 3 March 2006 (UTC)<br />
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== Image:Burford.jpg ==<br />
:''This is from my user page; it appears that the image will be deleted. Does anybody have a picture of Burford to replace it?''--[[User:Mikerussell|Mikerussell]] 06:57, 29 November 2006 (UTC)<br />
Thanks for uploading '''[[:Image:Burford.jpg]]'''. I notice the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under [[Wikipedia:Fair use|fair use]], but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our [[Wikipedia:Fair use criteria|first fair use criterion]] in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:<br />
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# Go to [[:Image:Burford.jpg|the image description page]] and edit it to add {{[[Template:Replaceable fair use disputed|Replaceable fair use disputed]]}}, '''without deleting the original Replaceable fair use template'''.<br />
# On [[Image talk:Burford.jpg|the image discussion page]], write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.<br />
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Alternatively, you can also choose to replace the fair use image by finding a freely licensed image of its subject, [[Wikipedia:Requesting copyright permission|requesting that the copyright holder release this (or a similar) image under a free license]], or by taking a picture of it yourself.<br />
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If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our fair use criteria. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:Contributions|target={{PAGENAMEE}}&namespace=6}} this link]</span>. Note that any fair use images which are replaceable by free-licensed alternatives will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on [[Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#Images.2FMedia|criteria for speedy deletion]]. If you have any questions please ask them at the [[Wikipedia:Media copyright questions|Media copyright questions page]]. Thank you. -[[User:SCEhardt|<font color="blue">SCEhard</font>]][[User talk:SCEhardt|<font color="#3D9140"><b>T</b></font>]] 04:55, 29 November 2006 (UTC)<br />
::I got some self-made photos from a friend who allows me to upload as replacements. --[[User:Mikerussell|Mikerussell]] 23:24, 2 December 2006 (UTC)<br />
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== Picture of religious sign removed ==<br />
Someone removed a picture of a sign depicting a religious phrase, b/c they said it was used to represent a whole town. I noticed this aawhile back too, some anonymous editor deleted it without explantion so I am just guessing it might be related to the recent edit. I found that removing it a little prejudicial to small towns in general, and Burford in particular, as if just b/c the sign was present ''everyone'' in the town was slavish Christians or something. The picture is 1 of 9 pictures and like all the photos are presented to add "local colour", not define a community. --[[User:Mikerussell|Mikerussell]] 03:49, 26 July 2007 (UTC)<br />
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* I drive past that sign all the time, so I'm inclined to say keep it just because it cracked me up to see it here. Still, a picture of a local church might be more appropriate for presenting the spiritual/religious side of the town than a sign threatening eternal damnation in the name of "small town ethics" (I have seen signs like that in the city, too). I'll bring my camera home with me the next time I think about it. -- [[User:Matty j|Matty j]] 22:21, 26 July 2007 (UTC)</div>Matty j