Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Alex Manoogian

2024-10-08T07:50:41Z

RaffiKojian: photo of statue of Alex Manoogian

{{short description|American businessman}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Alex Manoogian
| honorific_prefix = [[National Hero of Armenia]]
| image = Alex Manoogian.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1901|6|28}}
| birth_place = [[Turgutlu|Kasaba]], [[Ottoman Empire]] (present-day [[Turgutlu]], Turkey)
| birth_name = Alexander Manoogian
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1996|7|10|1901|6|28}}
| death_place = [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], United States
| occupation = Businessman, entrepreneur, industrial engineer
| spouse = Marie Tatian
| children = [[Louise Manoogian Simone]] Richard Manoogian
| nickname =
| website =
}}
[[File:Manoogian mansion decorated.jpg|thumb|right|300px| The [[Manoogian Mansion]], Detroit, Michigan.]]
'''Alexander Manoogian''' ({{lang-hy|Ալեք Մանուկեան}}; June 28, 1901 – July 10, 1996) was an [[Armenian-American]] industrial engineer, businessman, [[entrepreneur]] and [[philanthropist]] who spent most of his career in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]]. He was the founder of the [[Masco Corporation]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://masco.com/about/our-founder/ |title=Masco.com - Our Founder |access-date=2015-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402094802/http://masco.com/about/our-founder/ |archive-date=2015-04-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which in 1969<ref>In 1969, Masco Corporation was listed on the New York Stock Exchange - See more at: [http://masco.com/about/timeline/#sthash.RB0qesMg.dpuf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313132550/http://masco.com/about/timeline/#sthash.RB0qesMg.dpuf |date=2015-03-13 }}</ref> was listed on the [[NYSE]] (XNYS:MAS).<ref>[https://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:MAS NYSE - XNYS:MAS]</ref> In 1954, he patented and brought to market the first successful washerless [[ball valve]] faucet, the [[Delta Faucet Company|Delta faucet]], named for the faucet [[Cam (mechanism)|cam]] shaped like the fourth letter of the [[Greek alphabet]].<ref>[http://masco.com/about/our-founder/#sthash.EVMLSvdN.dpuf. Masco - Our Founder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402094802/http://masco.com/about/our-founder/#sthash.EVMLSvdN.dpuf. |date=2015-04-02 }}</ref>

He and his wife Marie donated the [[Manoogian Mansion]] to the city of Detroit, which uses it as the [[official residence]] of the [[Mayor of Detroit]]. In addition to donations to local universities, the Manoogians donated substantial amounts of money to churches, educational institutions and charities of the [[Armenian Diaspora]] to preserve and continue their culture.

==Early life and career==
Manoogian was born in 1901 to Takvor ({{lang-hy|տակվոր մանօգիան}}) and Takouchie Manoogian ({{lang-hy|տակուճիե մանօգիան}}) in [[Turgutlu|Kasaba]], Ottoman Empire (present-day [[Turgutlu]], [[Turkey]]), near [[Smyrna]].<ref>https://old.hayernaysor.am/en/archives/160122 {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.armenianbd.com/news/view/alex-manoogian.html | title=Alex Manoogian }}</ref> His father was a grain wholesaler. He attended Armenian schools in Smyrna. In 1915, during the [[Armenian Genocide]], Manoogian and his family escaped what is now [[Turkey]] through [[Greece]]. He later settled in [[Canada]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://armedia.am/eng/news/82271/alex-manoogian-millions-from-tap-from-the-series-inventions-of-the-armenians.html | title=Alex Manoogian: Millions from Tap (From the Series "Inventions of the Armenians") | date=11 February 2023 }}</ref> In 1920, Manoogian immigrated to the United States after escaping the aftermath of the [[Armenian Genocide]], arriving at [[Ellis Island]] and settling in [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]]. Manoogian began working as a [[machinist]]. He also worked for short periods in [[Rhode Island]] and [[Massachusetts]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/manoogian-alexander | title=Manoogian, Alexander | Detroit Historical Society }}</ref>

Manoogian and his family moved to [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], in 1924, attracted to opportunities in the booming auto industry. After gaining more experience, in 1929 he founded the Masco Screw Company, later known as [[Masco Corporation]]. By 1936, in the midst of the [[Great Depression]], Manoogian had expanded Masco to the point that it was listed on the [[New York Stock Exchange]] ([[NYSE]]). Manoogian's redesign and production of the [[Delta Faucet Company|Delta faucet]], which allowed one-handed use, resulted in best-selling status for the plumbing fixture and generated substantial profits for his business. In 1995, his company had $3 billion in sales and had 38 percent of the domestic market for faucets.<ref name="Van Gelder">{{cite news
|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/13/us/alex-manoogian-95-perfected-design-of-single-handled-faucet.html?exprod=permalink&partner=permalink
|accessdate=2008-08-12
|title=Alex Manoogian, 95; Perfected Design of Single-Handled Faucet
|work=New York Times
|date=1996-07-13
|first=Lawrence
|last=Van Gelder
}}</ref>

==Personal life and death==
Manoogian married Marie Tatian (1902–1993), also an Armenian immigrant. Their daughter [[Louise Manoogian Simone]] (1933-2019) succeeded him as President of [[AGBU]] (see below). Their son Richard A. Manoogian (b. 1936) was [[CEO]] of the family business Masco and is a major collector of American art. He was said to have spoken 5 languages.

Marie Manoogian died in 1993, and Alex in 1996. They were first interred in Detroit, Michigan.<ref name="Van Gelder"/> In 2007 they were reinterred with state honors in [[Armenia]] (see below).

==Philanthropy and civic organizations==
[[File:StJohnArmenianChurchRear.jpg|thumb|250px|St. John Armenian Church in the [[Metro Detroit]] suburb of [[Southfield, Michigan]], was substantially funded by Alex Manoogian in the 1960s, and is noted for its stained glass.<ref name=Tutag>{{Cite book|author=Tutag, Nola Huse with Lucy Hamilton|title=Discovering Stained Glass in Detroit|publisher=Wayne State University Press|year=1988|isbn=0-8143-1875-4}}, p. 99.</ref>]]
[[File:Alex Manukyan.jpg|thumb|Interior view of Alex and Marie Manoogian Treasury Museum]]
Manoogian contributed generously to charitable organizations and educational institutions, especially to the [[Armenian General Benevolent Union]] (AGBU). In recognition, he was voted Life President in 1970 and Honorary Life President in 1989.<ref name="Van Gelder"/> Manoogian was also active in the [[Knights of Vartan]]; in 1940 he was elected its ''Avak [[Sparapet]]'' (National Commander).

In 1968 he established the AGBU Alex and Marie Manoogian Cultural Fund. The fund, seeded with a $1 million endowment, is devoted to the publication and translation of Armenian scholarly and literary works, and Armenian cultural material worldwide.

Through the AGBU, the Manoogians funded schools for ethnic Armenians in [[Southfield, Michigan]]; [[Los Angeles, California]]; [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]; [[Sydney]], [[Australia]]; [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]]; [[Zahle, Lebanon]]; [[Egypt]]; [[Tehran, Iran]]; [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]; [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]]; and [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]] (all are named for the Manoogian family). Manoogian also funded numerous [[Armenian church]]es, cultural centers, university chairs for Armenian studies and museums worldwide. He donated generously to [[Wayne State University]] in Detroit.<ref name="Van Gelder"/>

==Legacy and honors==
[[File:Alex and Marie Manoogian Museum.jpg|thumb|250px|Alex and Marie Manoogian Treasury Museum (1982), designed by the architect [[Baghdasar Arzoumanian]] in the grounds of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin.<ref name="Church">[http://66.208.37.78/index.jsp?sid=1&id=106&pid=24 "Alex and Marie Manoogian Museum"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813214655/http://66.208.37.78/index.jsp?sid=1&id=106&pid=24 |date=2009-08-13 }}, The Armenian Church, accessed 25 March 2011.</ref>]]
[[File:Raffi kojian-alex manoogian-9348.jpg|thumb|Statue of Alex Manoogian destroyed by Azerbaijan]]
*[[Manoogian Hall]], Wayne State's center for international language and [[linguistics]], is named after him.
*In 1966 the Manoogians donated [[Manoogian Mansion|their mansion]] to the city of Detroit. It is used today as the mayoral residence.
*In 1982 Alex and Marie Manoogian donated funds for the construction of a museum in their name, the Treasury House Museum, on the grounds of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin in Armenia.<ref name="Church"/>
*1990, was awarded the [[Ellis Island]] Medal of Honor.<ref name="Van Gelder"/>
*1993, Alex Manoogian was named a National Hero of Armenia and a citizen of Armenia by President Levon Ter Petrosian, the first person outside the country to be so honored.<ref name="Van Gelder"/>
*2007, at the invitation of the government of Armenia and the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]], the remains of Marie and Alex Manoogian were moved and reinterred with full state honors on the grounds of Holy Etchmiadzin, in front of the Treasury Museum. The Archbishop, national officials and [[Louise Manoogian Simone]], Richard Manoogian and others of their family attended the ceremony; the two children were among the speakers.<ref>"Alex and Marie Manoogian Interred in Holy Etchmiadzin", Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin Information Services, 17 July 2007</ref>
*Alex Manoogian streets in [[Yerevan]], the capital of [[Armenia]]; in [[Montreal|Montreal, Quebec]], Canada; and in [[Stepanakert]], the capital of [[Nagorno-Karabakh]], were named in his honor. Alex Manoogian Street in Stepanakert had a statue of a seated Alex Manoogian on it. The statue was destroyed by Azerbaijanis after they attacked and captured Karabakh.<ref>https://news.am/eng/news/808150.html</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|United States|Biography}}
* [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8645235 Steve Takesian, "Alex Manoogian"], Find A Grave
{{Masco|state=autocollapse}}
{{Armenian General Benevolent Union}}
{{Authority control}}
{{National Heroes of Armenia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manoogian, Alex}}
[[Category:1901 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:American people of Armenian descent]]
[[Category:Armenian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Ethnic Armenian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Armenian inventors]]
[[Category:Philanthropists from Michigan]]
[[Category:Smyrniote Armenians]]
[[Category:Emigrants from the Ottoman Empire to the United States]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Detroit]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Armenian General Benevolent Union]]
[[Category:National Hero of Armenia]]
[[Category:20th-century American businesspeople]]
[[Category:Armenian genocide survivors]]
[[Category:20th-century American inventors]]
[[Category:20th-century American philanthropists]]

Alex Manoogian

2024-10-08T07:48:31Z

RaffiKojian: /* Legacy and honors */ statue in stepanakert

{{short description|American businessman}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Alex Manoogian
| honorific_prefix = [[National Hero of Armenia]]
| image = Alex Manoogian.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1901|6|28}}
| birth_place = [[Turgutlu|Kasaba]], [[Ottoman Empire]] (present-day [[Turgutlu]], Turkey)
| birth_name = Alexander Manoogian
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1996|7|10|1901|6|28}}
| death_place = [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], United States
| occupation = Businessman, entrepreneur, industrial engineer
| spouse = Marie Tatian
| children = [[Louise Manoogian Simone]] Richard Manoogian
| nickname =
| website =
}}
[[File:Manoogian mansion decorated.jpg|thumb|right|300px| The [[Manoogian Mansion]], Detroit, Michigan.]]
'''Alexander Manoogian''' ({{lang-hy|Ալեք Մանուկեան}}; June 28, 1901 – July 10, 1996) was an [[Armenian-American]] industrial engineer, businessman, [[entrepreneur]] and [[philanthropist]] who spent most of his career in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]]. He was the founder of the [[Masco Corporation]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://masco.com/about/our-founder/ |title=Masco.com - Our Founder |access-date=2015-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402094802/http://masco.com/about/our-founder/ |archive-date=2015-04-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which in 1969<ref>In 1969, Masco Corporation was listed on the New York Stock Exchange - See more at: [http://masco.com/about/timeline/#sthash.RB0qesMg.dpuf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313132550/http://masco.com/about/timeline/#sthash.RB0qesMg.dpuf |date=2015-03-13 }}</ref> was listed on the [[NYSE]] (XNYS:MAS).<ref>[https://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:MAS NYSE - XNYS:MAS]</ref> In 1954, he patented and brought to market the first successful washerless [[ball valve]] faucet, the [[Delta Faucet Company|Delta faucet]], named for the faucet [[Cam (mechanism)|cam]] shaped like the fourth letter of the [[Greek alphabet]].<ref>[http://masco.com/about/our-founder/#sthash.EVMLSvdN.dpuf. Masco - Our Founder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402094802/http://masco.com/about/our-founder/#sthash.EVMLSvdN.dpuf. |date=2015-04-02 }}</ref>

He and his wife Marie donated the [[Manoogian Mansion]] to the city of Detroit, which uses it as the [[official residence]] of the [[Mayor of Detroit]]. In addition to donations to local universities, the Manoogians donated substantial amounts of money to churches, educational institutions and charities of the [[Armenian Diaspora]] to preserve and continue their culture.

==Early life and career==
Manoogian was born in 1901 to Takvor ({{lang-hy|տակվոր մանօգիան}}) and Takouchie Manoogian ({{lang-hy|տակուճիե մանօգիան}}) in [[Turgutlu|Kasaba]], Ottoman Empire (present-day [[Turgutlu]], [[Turkey]]), near [[Smyrna]].<ref>https://old.hayernaysor.am/en/archives/160122 {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.armenianbd.com/news/view/alex-manoogian.html | title=Alex Manoogian }}</ref> His father was a grain wholesaler. He attended Armenian schools in Smyrna. In 1915, during the [[Armenian Genocide]], Manoogian and his family escaped what is now [[Turkey]] through [[Greece]]. He later settled in [[Canada]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://armedia.am/eng/news/82271/alex-manoogian-millions-from-tap-from-the-series-inventions-of-the-armenians.html | title=Alex Manoogian: Millions from Tap (From the Series "Inventions of the Armenians") | date=11 February 2023 }}</ref> In 1920, Manoogian immigrated to the United States after escaping the aftermath of the [[Armenian Genocide]], arriving at [[Ellis Island]] and settling in [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]]. Manoogian began working as a [[machinist]]. He also worked for short periods in [[Rhode Island]] and [[Massachusetts]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/manoogian-alexander | title=Manoogian, Alexander | Detroit Historical Society }}</ref>

Manoogian and his family moved to [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], in 1924, attracted to opportunities in the booming auto industry. After gaining more experience, in 1929 he founded the Masco Screw Company, later known as [[Masco Corporation]]. By 1936, in the midst of the [[Great Depression]], Manoogian had expanded Masco to the point that it was listed on the [[New York Stock Exchange]] ([[NYSE]]). Manoogian's redesign and production of the [[Delta Faucet Company|Delta faucet]], which allowed one-handed use, resulted in best-selling status for the plumbing fixture and generated substantial profits for his business. In 1995, his company had $3 billion in sales and had 38 percent of the domestic market for faucets.<ref name="Van Gelder">{{cite news
|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/13/us/alex-manoogian-95-perfected-design-of-single-handled-faucet.html?exprod=permalink&partner=permalink
|accessdate=2008-08-12
|title=Alex Manoogian, 95; Perfected Design of Single-Handled Faucet
|work=New York Times
|date=1996-07-13
|first=Lawrence
|last=Van Gelder
}}</ref>

==Personal life and death==
Manoogian married Marie Tatian (1902–1993), also an Armenian immigrant. Their daughter [[Louise Manoogian Simone]] (1933-2019) succeeded him as President of [[AGBU]] (see below). Their son Richard A. Manoogian (b. 1936) was [[CEO]] of the family business Masco and is a major collector of American art. He was said to have spoken 5 languages.

Marie Manoogian died in 1993, and Alex in 1996. They were first interred in Detroit, Michigan.<ref name="Van Gelder"/> In 2007 they were reinterred with state honors in [[Armenia]] (see below).

==Philanthropy and civic organizations==
[[File:StJohnArmenianChurchRear.jpg|thumb|250px|St. John Armenian Church in the [[Metro Detroit]] suburb of [[Southfield, Michigan]], was substantially funded by Alex Manoogian in the 1960s, and is noted for its stained glass.<ref name=Tutag>{{Cite book|author=Tutag, Nola Huse with Lucy Hamilton|title=Discovering Stained Glass in Detroit|publisher=Wayne State University Press|year=1988|isbn=0-8143-1875-4}}, p. 99.</ref>]]
[[File:Alex Manukyan.jpg|thumb|Interior view of Alex and Marie Manoogian Treasury Museum]]
Manoogian contributed generously to charitable organizations and educational institutions, especially to the [[Armenian General Benevolent Union]] (AGBU). In recognition, he was voted Life President in 1970 and Honorary Life President in 1989.<ref name="Van Gelder"/> Manoogian was also active in the [[Knights of Vartan]]; in 1940 he was elected its ''Avak [[Sparapet]]'' (National Commander).

In 1968 he established the AGBU Alex and Marie Manoogian Cultural Fund. The fund, seeded with a $1 million endowment, is devoted to the publication and translation of Armenian scholarly and literary works, and Armenian cultural material worldwide.

Through the AGBU, the Manoogians funded schools for ethnic Armenians in [[Southfield, Michigan]]; [[Los Angeles, California]]; [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]; [[Sydney]], [[Australia]]; [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]]; [[Zahle, Lebanon]]; [[Egypt]]; [[Tehran, Iran]]; [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]; [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]]; and [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]] (all are named for the Manoogian family). Manoogian also funded numerous [[Armenian church]]es, cultural centers, university chairs for Armenian studies and museums worldwide. He donated generously to [[Wayne State University]] in Detroit.<ref name="Van Gelder"/>

==Legacy and honors==
[[File:Alex and Marie Manoogian Museum.jpg|thumb|250px|Alex and Marie Manoogian Treasury Museum (1982), designed by the architect [[Baghdasar Arzoumanian]] in the grounds of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin.<ref name="Church">[http://66.208.37.78/index.jsp?sid=1&id=106&pid=24 "Alex and Marie Manoogian Museum"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813214655/http://66.208.37.78/index.jsp?sid=1&id=106&pid=24 |date=2009-08-13 }}, The Armenian Church, accessed 25 March 2011.</ref>]]
*[[Manoogian Hall]], Wayne State's center for international language and [[linguistics]], is named after him.
*In 1966 the Manoogians donated [[Manoogian Mansion|their mansion]] to the city of Detroit. It is used today as the mayoral residence.
*In 1982 Alex and Marie Manoogian donated funds for the construction of a museum in their name, the Treasury House Museum, on the grounds of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin in Armenia.<ref name="Church"/>
*1990, was awarded the [[Ellis Island]] Medal of Honor.<ref name="Van Gelder"/>
*1993, Alex Manoogian was named a National Hero of Armenia and a citizen of Armenia by President Levon Ter Petrosian, the first person outside the country to be so honored.<ref name="Van Gelder"/>
*2007, at the invitation of the government of Armenia and the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]], the remains of Marie and Alex Manoogian were moved and reinterred with full state honors on the grounds of Holy Etchmiadzin, in front of the Treasury Museum. The Archbishop, national officials and [[Louise Manoogian Simone]], Richard Manoogian and others of their family attended the ceremony; the two children were among the speakers.<ref>"Alex and Marie Manoogian Interred in Holy Etchmiadzin", Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin Information Services, 17 July 2007</ref>
*Alex Manoogian streets in [[Yerevan]], the capital of [[Armenia]]; in [[Montreal|Montreal, Quebec]], Canada; and in [[Stepanakert]], the capital of [[Nagorno-Karabakh]], were named in his honor. Alex Manoogian Street in Stepanakert had a statue of a seated Alex Manoogian on it. The statue was destroyed by Azerbaijanis after they attacked and captured Karabakh.<ref>https://news.am/eng/news/808150.html</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|United States|Biography}}
* [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8645235 Steve Takesian, "Alex Manoogian"], Find A Grave
{{Masco|state=autocollapse}}
{{Armenian General Benevolent Union}}
{{Authority control}}
{{National Heroes of Armenia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manoogian, Alex}}
[[Category:1901 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:American people of Armenian descent]]
[[Category:Armenian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Ethnic Armenian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Armenian inventors]]
[[Category:Philanthropists from Michigan]]
[[Category:Smyrniote Armenians]]
[[Category:Emigrants from the Ottoman Empire to the United States]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Detroit]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Armenian General Benevolent Union]]
[[Category:National Hero of Armenia]]
[[Category:20th-century American businesspeople]]
[[Category:Armenian genocide survivors]]
[[Category:20th-century American inventors]]
[[Category:20th-century American philanthropists]]

Gai

2024-10-01T21:37:56Z

RaffiKojian: /* Surname */

{{Wiktionary}}
'''Gai''' or '''GAI''' may refer to:
{{TOC right}}

== People ==

=== Given name or nickname ===
* [[GAI (musician)]] (born 1987), Chinese hip-hop musician
* [[Gai Assulin]] (born 1991), Israeli footballer
* [[Gai Brodtmann]] (born 1963), Australian politician
* [[Gai Eaton]] (1921–2010), British diplomat
* [[Gai Toms]] (born 1976), Welsh musician
* [[Gai Waterhouse]] (born 1954), Australian horse trainer and businesswoman

=== Surname ===
* [[Antonio Gai]] (1686–1769), Italian sculptor
* [[Deng Gai]] (born 1982), South Sudanese basketball player
* [[Gaia Gai]] (born 1887), Soviet military commander of Armenian origin
* [[Gatluak Gai]] (died 2011), South Sudanese rebel
* [[G. S. Gai]] (1917–1995), Indian historical linguist
* [[Oleksiy Gai]] (born 1982), Ukrainian footballer
* [[Pa Amadou Gai]] (born 1984), Gambian footballer
* [[Pa Mamadou Gai]] (born 1977), Gambian sprinter
* [[Pratibha Gai]], British microscopist
* [[Silvio Gai]] (1873–1967), Italian politician
* [[Solomon Gai]] (1600–1638), Italian scholar and Hebraist

=== Fictional characters ===
* [[Kamen Rider Gai]], from ''Kamen Rider Ryuki''
* [[Maito Gai]], from ''Naruto''

== Places ==
* [[Gai, Armenia]]
* [[Gai, Styria]], Austria
* [[Gai, Russia]]
* [[Montgomery County Airpark]] (IATA airport code <code>GAI</code>), Montgomery County, Maryland, USA

== Groups, organizations ==
* [[Main Directorate for Traffic Safety]] of Russia, also called the State Automobile Inspectorate ({{lang-ru|link=no|Государственная Aвтомобильная инспекция|Gosudarstvennaya Avtomobil'naya inspektsiya}}); abbreviatied as {{lang-ru|link=no|ГAИ|GAI}}; the Russian traffic police
* [[Gay American Indians]], an American rights organization
* [[Government Accountability Institute]], an American research organization on testing gay people getting aids

==Science, technology, psychology==
* [[General Ability Index]] of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
* [[Generative artificial intelligence]]
* [[GAI (Arabidopsis thaliana gene)]], the Gibberellic-Acid Insensitive gene
* [[General artificial intelligence]]
* [[Guided Affective Imagery]]
* [[Gallium monoiodide]] (chemical formula <code>GaI</code>)

== Other uses ==
* [[Guaranteed annual income]]

== See also ==
{{Canned search|gai|g-ai|ga-i|g-a-i|gaies|gais|Gai's}}
* [[Gai's Bakery]], a U.S. bakery and pastry maker brand
* {{lookfrom|GAI}}
* {{lookfrom|Gai}}
* {{intitle|gai}}
* [[GAIE]]
* [[GA1 (disambiguation)]]
* [[Gal (disambiguation)]]
* [[GAE (disambiguation)]]
* [[Gay (disambiguation)]]
* [[Gais (disambiguation)]]

{{disambig|geo|given name|surname}}

Gai

2024-10-01T21:37:38Z

RaffiKojian: /* Surname */ Gaya Gai

{{Wiktionary}}
'''Gai''' or '''GAI''' may refer to:
{{TOC right}}

== People ==

=== Given name or nickname ===
* [[GAI (musician)]] (born 1987), Chinese hip-hop musician
* [[Gai Assulin]] (born 1991), Israeli footballer
* [[Gai Brodtmann]] (born 1963), Australian politician
* [[Gai Eaton]] (1921–2010), British diplomat
* [[Gai Toms]] (born 1976), Welsh musician
* [[Gai Waterhouse]] (born 1954), Australian horse trainer and businesswoman

=== Surname ===
* [[Antonio Gai]] (1686–1769), Italian sculptor
* [[Deng Gai]] (born 1982), South Sudanese basketball player
* [[Gaya Gai]] (born 1887), Soviet military commander of Armenian origin
* [[Gatluak Gai]] (died 2011), South Sudanese rebel
* [[G. S. Gai]] (1917–1995), Indian historical linguist
* [[Oleksiy Gai]] (born 1982), Ukrainian footballer
* [[Pa Amadou Gai]] (born 1984), Gambian footballer
* [[Pa Mamadou Gai]] (born 1977), Gambian sprinter
* [[Pratibha Gai]], British microscopist
* [[Silvio Gai]] (1873–1967), Italian politician
* [[Solomon Gai]] (1600–1638), Italian scholar and Hebraist

=== Fictional characters ===
* [[Kamen Rider Gai]], from ''Kamen Rider Ryuki''
* [[Maito Gai]], from ''Naruto''

== Places ==
* [[Gai, Armenia]]
* [[Gai, Styria]], Austria
* [[Gai, Russia]]
* [[Montgomery County Airpark]] (IATA airport code <code>GAI</code>), Montgomery County, Maryland, USA

== Groups, organizations ==
* [[Main Directorate for Traffic Safety]] of Russia, also called the State Automobile Inspectorate ({{lang-ru|link=no|Государственная Aвтомобильная инспекция|Gosudarstvennaya Avtomobil'naya inspektsiya}}); abbreviatied as {{lang-ru|link=no|ГAИ|GAI}}; the Russian traffic police
* [[Gay American Indians]], an American rights organization
* [[Government Accountability Institute]], an American research organization on testing gay people getting aids

==Science, technology, psychology==
* [[General Ability Index]] of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
* [[Generative artificial intelligence]]
* [[GAI (Arabidopsis thaliana gene)]], the Gibberellic-Acid Insensitive gene
* [[General artificial intelligence]]
* [[Guided Affective Imagery]]
* [[Gallium monoiodide]] (chemical formula <code>GaI</code>)

== Other uses ==
* [[Guaranteed annual income]]

== See also ==
{{Canned search|gai|g-ai|ga-i|g-a-i|gaies|gais|Gai's}}
* [[Gai's Bakery]], a U.S. bakery and pastry maker brand
* {{lookfrom|GAI}}
* {{lookfrom|Gai}}
* {{intitle|gai}}
* [[GAIE]]
* [[GA1 (disambiguation)]]
* [[Gal (disambiguation)]]
* [[GAE (disambiguation)]]
* [[Gay (disambiguation)]]
* [[Gais (disambiguation)]]

{{disambig|geo|given name|surname}}

Tigran Hamasyan

2024-09-21T13:51:03Z

RaffiKojian: /* Awards */ mural

{{short description|Armenian jazz pianist}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Tigran Hamasyan
| image = Tigran-Hamasyan-Portrait.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|7|17|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Gyumri|Leninakan]], [[Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic|Armenian SSR]], (now [[Gyumri]], [[Armenia]])
| genre = [[Jazz]], [[jazz fusion]], [[progressive rock]], [[Armenian Folk Music|Armenian folk]]
| occupation = Musician, pianist, composer
| instrument = Piano, vocals
| years_active = 2001–present
| website = {{URL|tigranhamasyan.com}}
}}
'''Tigran Hamasyan''' ({{lang-hy|Տիգրան Համասյան}}; born July 17, 1987) is an [[Armenia]]n [[jazz]] [[pianist]] and [[composer]]. He plays mostly original compositions, strongly influenced by the [[Music of Armenia|Armenian folk tradition]], often using its scales and modalities. In addition to this folk influence, Hamasyan is influenced by American jazz traditions and, to some extent, as on his album Red Hail, by progressive rock. His solo album [[A Fable (album)|A Fable]] is most strongly influenced by [[Armenian folk music]]. Even in his most overt jazz compositions and renditions of well-known jazz pieces, his improvisations often contain embellishments based on scales from Middle Eastern/Southwest Asian traditions.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 13, 2012 |title=Tigran Hamasyan |url=http://www.armenianpulse.com/artists/tigran-hamasyan/ |website=Armenian Pulse Radio & Entertainment}}</ref>

==Early life==
Hamasyan was born in [[Gyumri]], [[Armenia]].<ref>{{cite web|title =Tigran Hamasyan: Biography |first=Chris|last=True |website=Allmusic| url ={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=tigran-hamasyan-mn0000558985|pure_url=yes}} |accessdate =16 March 2013}}</ref> His ancestors were from the [[Kars Province|Kars]] region.<ref name="MockrootTrackByTrack">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nonesuch.com/albums/mockroot|title= Mockroot Track by Track from Tigran Hamasyan|website=Nonesuch Records|date= 20 November 2014|language=en|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204083139/https://www.nonesuch.com/albums/mockroot|archive-date=4 December 2020|url-status=live|quote="Kars 1" and "Kars 2 (Wounds of the Centuries)" are written about the town of Kars, the ancestral home of Tigran’s maternal grandparents, a place that became part of Turkey in the years that followed the infamous Ottoman genocide of Armenians during the First World War.}}</ref> His father was a jeweler and his mother designed clothes.<ref name="Guardian" /> At the age of three he began to play melodies on his family's piano, and he went to a music school from the age of six.<ref name="Guardian" /> As a young child, he dreamed of being a [[thrash metal]] guitarist.<ref name="Guardian">Lewis, John (October 24, 2013) [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/oct/24/tigran-hamasyan-pianist-jazz-armenian "Tigran Hamasyan, the Pianist Giving Jazz an Armenian Twist".] ''The Guardian''.</ref>

He studied jazz from the age of nine, then tried to incorporate local folk melodies into jazz-form improvisations when in his teens.<ref name="Guardian" /> At this stage, Hamasyan was influenced by Armenian composers [[Arno Babajanian]] and [[Avet Terterian]].<ref name="Guardian" /> Hamasyan, together with his parents and sister, moved to [[Yerevan]] when he was around 10,<ref name="56th">[http://www.montereyjazzfestival.org/2013/artists/tigran-hamasyan-trio "Tigran Hamasyan Trio".] Monterey Jazz Festival. Retrieved October 25, 2013.</ref> and then to California when he was 16. He currently resides in Yerevan, Armenia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tigranhamasyan.com/|title=Tigran Hamasyan}}</ref>

==Career==
{{expand section|date=December 2021}}
Hamasyan recorded his first album, ''World Passion'', at the age of 18.<ref name="Guardian" /> He spent a lot of 2013 in Armenia, which helped develop his interest in its folk music.<ref name="Guardian" /> He was the leader of the "Aratta Rebirth", with which he performed ''Red Hail''. On April 29, 2022, Nonesuch Records released Hamasyan's first album of American standards - ''StandArt''. The project was recorded in the spring of 2021 in Los Angeles and includes 9 songs from the 1920s through the 1950s, by [[Richard Rodgers]], [[Charlie Parker]], [[Jerome Kern]], [[David Raksin]], and others. Bassist Matt Brewer, drummer Justin Brown, trumpeter [[Ambrose Akinmusire]], saxophonist and label-mate [[Joshua Redman]], and saxophonist [[Mark Turner (musician)|Mark Turner]] collaborated with the pianist and contributed to the recording.<ref>{{Cite web |title=StandArt by Tigran Hamasyan |url=https://tigranhamasyan.bandcamp.com/album/standart |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=Bandcamp}}</ref>

== Awards ==
[[File:Raffi kojian-tigran hamasyan-155500812.jpg|thumb|Mural of Tigran in Gyumri]]
* 2002: 3rd Prize ''Concours International de Piano-Jazz Martial Solal'' (Paris).
* 2003: 1st Prize ''Jazz à Juan Révélations'' in the ''jazz instrumental'' category.
* 2003: 1st Prize ''Prix de la Critique et du Public, ''Concours de Piano du [[Montreux Jazz Festival]]''.
* 2005: 3rd Prize ''Concours de Piano-Jazz de Moscou''.
* 2005: 1st Prize ''8ème Concours de Solistes de Jazz de Monaco''.
* 2006: 1st Prize ''[[Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz]]''.<ref name=awards>{{cite web|url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514020808/http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/musician.php?id=16443|url-status=dead|title=All About Jazz|first=All About|last=Jazz|archivedate=May 14, 2008|website=All About Jazz}}</ref>
* 2006: 2nd Prize ''Concours International de Piano-Jazz Martial Solal''.
* 2013: [[The Vilcek Foundation|Vilcek Prize for Creative Promise]] in Contemporary Music<ref>{{cite web|title = Jazz Articles: Pianist Tigran Awarded Vilcek Prize - By Jeff Tamarkin — Jazz Articles|url = http://jazztimes.com/articles/73041-pianist-tigran-awarded-vilcek-prize|website = jazztimes.com|accessdate = 2015-11-11}}</ref>
* 2015: Paul Acket Award in the [[North Sea Jazz Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.northseajazz.com/en/program/2015/sunday-12-july/20225-paul-acket-award-winner-tigran-mockroot/|title=Winner Paul Acket Award Tigran - Mockroot | NN North Sea Jazz Festival|website=www.northseajazz.com}}</ref>
* 2016: [[Echo Music Prize|ECHO]] Jazz Awards.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://old.armradio.am/en/2016/04/19/tigran-hamasyan-wins-echo-jazz-award-2016/|title=Tigran Hamasyan wins ECHO Jazz Award 2016|date=April 19, 2016|website=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref>

== Discography ==
===As leader===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:20px;"|Year
! rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:180px;"|Album
! rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:120px;"|Record label
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center; width:30px;"|Peak positions
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Ultratop|BEL (Wa)]] <ref name="bel-wa">{{cite web | url=http://www.ultratop.be/fr/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Tigran | title=Tigran discography | publisher=Hung Medien | work=ultratop.be/fr/ | accessdate=14 September 2013}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[SNEP|FR]] <ref name="fr">{{cite web | url=http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Tigran | title=Tigran discography | publisher=Hung Medien | work=lescharts.com | accessdate=5 June 2019}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Digital Albums|Jazz Albums]] <ref name="billboard">{{cite web |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/tigran-hamasyan |title=Tigran Hamasyan: Chart History |publisher=[[Billboard charts]] | accessdate=5 June 2019}}{{Dead link|date=November 2019}}</ref>
|-
|2006
|''World Passion''
|Nocturne
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
|-
|2007
|''New Era''
|Plus Loin
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
|-
|2009
|''Aratta Rebirth: Red Hail''
|Plus Loin
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
|-
|2011
|''[[A Fable (album)|A Fable]]''
|[[Verve Records|Verve]]
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
| style="text-align:center;"|70
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
|-
|2013
|''[[Shadow Theater]]''
|Verve
| style="text-align:center;"|127
| style="text-align:center;"|63
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
|-
|2015
|''[[Mockroot]]''
|[[Nonesuch Records|Nonesuch]]
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
| style="text-align:center;"|11
|-
|2015
|''[[Luys i Luso]]''
|[[ECM Records|ECM]]
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
|-
|2017
|''[[An Ancient Observer]]''
|Nonesuch
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
| style="text-align:center;"|191 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snepmusique.com/tops-semaine/top-album-megafusion/?ye=2017&we=14|title=Le Top de la semaine : Top Albums – SNEP (Week 14, 2017)|publisher=[[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique]]|language=French|accessdate=10 April 2017}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|12
|-
|2019
|''[[They Say Nothing Stays the Same|They Say Nothing Stays the Same (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)]]''
|SEEBEDON
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
|-
|2020
|''[[The Call Within]]''
|Nonesuch
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
|-
|2022
|''[[StandArt]]''
|Nonesuch
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
|-
|2024
|''[[The Bird of a Thousand Voices]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.usc.edu/tigran-hamasyan-the-bird-of-a-thousand-voices-release/|title=Tigran Hamasyan releases new album, "The Bird of a Thousand Voices"|first=Robert|last=Alexander|date=September 4, 2024|website=[[USC Thornton School of Music]]}}</ref>
|Nonesuch
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{spaced ndash}}
|}

===EPs===
* ''EP No. 1'' (2011) Released exclusively on vinyl and digital download
* ''The Poet'' (2014)
* ''[[For Gyumri]]'' (2018)

===As sideman===
*2010: ''Abu Nawas Rhapsody'' with [[Dhafer Youssef]] (Jazzland)
*2011: ''Lines of Oppression'' with [[Ari Hoenig]] (Naive/AH-HA)
*2012: ''Liberetto'' with [[Lars Danielsson]] (ACT)
*2012: ''Lobi'' with [[Stéphane Galland]] (Out There/Out Note)
*2013: ''[[Jazz-Iz-Christ]]'' with [[Serj Tankian]], Valeri Tolstov & Tom Duprey
*2013: ''[[The World Begins Today]]'' with [[Olivier Bogé]], Sam Minaie & Jeff Ballard (Naïve)
*2014: ''Liberetto II'' with Lars Danielsson (The Act Company)
*2015: ''[[Ancient Mechanisms]]'' with [[LV (musical duo)|LV]] ([[Brownswood Recordings|Brownswood]])
*2016: ''[[Atmosphères (2016 album)|Atmosphères]]'' with [[Arve Henriksen]], [[Eivind Aarset]], and [[Jan Bang]] (ECM)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://anmmedia.am/en/musician/tigran-hamasyan/14 Tigran Hamasyan - Armenian National Music]
* {{official website|url=www.tigranhamasyan.com}}
* {{Discogs artist|1161539}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsJMDSthMvw Tigran Hamasyan - They Say Nothing Stays The Same - Soundtrack album of Joe Odagiri's film]

{{Tigran Hamasyan}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hamasyan, Tigran}}
[[Category:Armenian jazz pianists]]
[[Category:21st-century pianists]]
[[Category:21st-century Armenian musicians]]
[[Category:ECM Records artists]]
[[Category:Nonesuch Records artists]]
[[Category:Verve Records artists]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Gyumri]]
[[Category:Tchaikovsky Secondary Music School alumni]]
[[Category:Armenian expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:USC Thornton School of Music alumni]]

List of places named after Armenia

2024-09-09T02:52:34Z

RaffiKojian: /* Streets and squares */ Venice

{{short description|Places named after Armenia}}
{{expand list|date=December 2013}}
[[File:Av Bolívar desde ASW.jpg|thumb|[[Armenia, Colombia]], a town of 300,000 is the largest town in the world named Armenia.]]

Numerous cities, towns, villages and streets around the world are named after [[Armenia]]. Some of them are listed below.

==Settlements==
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
;Americas
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Armenia, Colombia]]
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Armenia, Antioquia]], Colombia
* {{flagicon|Belize}} [[Armenia, Belize]]
* {{flagicon|Ecuador}} [[Armenia, Ecuador]]
* {{flagicon|El Salvador}} [[Armenia, Sonsonate]], El Salvador
* {{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Nueva Armenia]], [[Honduras]]
* {{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Armenia Bonito, Atlántida]], Honduras
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia, Wisconsin]]
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia Gardens Estates]], Tampa, Florida
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia Township, Pennsylvania]]
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Little Armenia, Los Angeles|Little Armenia]], [[East Hollywood]], Los Angeles, California
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Old Armenian Town, Fresno, California]]
{{Col-2}}
;Asia
* [[Armenian Quarter]] of the [[Old City of Jerusalem]]
* {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Armanitola]], [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
* {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Armenikend]], [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]] (formerly)
;Europe
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Armeniș]], Romania
* {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Armenoi]], Crete, Greece
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[San Lazzaro degli Armeni]], Italy
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Armyansk]], [[Crimea]], [[Russia]]
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[:ru:Армянский (Апшеронский район)|Armyanskiy]], Apsheronskiy rayon, Krasnodar Krai, Russia
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[:ru:Армянский (Крымский район)|Armyanskiy]], Krymskiy rayon, [[Krasnodar Krai]], Russia
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Gherla]], Romania - was once known as Armenopolis
* {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[:hu:Örményes (Magyarország)|Örményes]], Hungary
* {{flagicon|Greece}} Ormos Armenis (Όρμος Αρμένης), [[Oia, Greece]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Ormos Armenis 847 02 Greece |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%CE%8C%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%91%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82&ie=UTF-8&ei=iEXDUuPpKazisASByYHQDQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Urmeniș]], Romania
{{Col-end}}

==Streets and squares==
[[File:Armenias Street sign in Nicosia, Cyprus 2022.jpg|thumbnail|Armenias Street in [[Nicosia]], [[Cyprus]].]]
[[Image:Lebuh Armenian Penang Dec 2006 002.jpg|thumb|[[Armenian Street, George Town|Armenian Street]] in [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], [[Penang]], [[Malaysia]]]]
[[File:Вулиця Вірменська Львів.jpg|thumb|Armenian Street in [[Old Town (Lviv)|Lviv's Old Town]] ]]
[[File:Armenierplatz 01.JPG|thumb|Armenian Square (Armenierplatz) in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]]]
[[File:Ormianska1.JPG|thumb|The Armenian Houses of [[Zamość]], [[Poland]] built by 17th century Armenian merchants<ref>{{cite book|last=Bedford|first=Neal|title=Poland.|year=2008|publisher=Lonely Planet|location=Footscray, Vic.|isbn=978-1741044799|page=252|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qe3UzP5I2vsC|edition=6th}}</ref>]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="width:20em" |Name
! style="width:20em" |Location
! style="width:2em" |Ref
|-
| Armenia Drive
| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Bedford, Nova Scotia]], Canada
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia Dr Bedford, NS B4A 4H6, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenia+Dr+Bedford,+NS+B4A+4H6,+Canada+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x4b598a170dcab019:0x4e2564ab99b96cd,Armenia+Dr,+Bedford,+NS+B4A+4H6,+Canada&gl=us&ei=-H7CUtO6FvPKsATs9oGoDQ&ved=0CDEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenia Street
| {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Beirut]], Lebanon
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia St, Beirut, Lebanon |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenia+St,+Beirut,+Lebanon&ie=UTF-8&ei=wX_CUortIbKlsQSmzICgDQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenische Straße
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Berlin]], Germany
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenische Straße 13349 Berlin, Germany |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=armenische+stra%C3%9Fe+berlin&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x47a853d306b93a8f:0x552768c62eeca371,Armenische+Stra%C3%9Fe,+D-13349+Berlin,+Germany&gl=us&ei=ZXrCUrOmK8y6oQTmlYLQAw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Bratislava]], Slovakia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Bratislava-Vrakuňa, Slovakia |url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nska,+Bratislava,+Slovakia&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=48.1449,17.204762&spn=0.012943,0.01929&sll=49.168966,16.583433&sspn=0.050731,0.077162&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nska,+Bratislava,+Slovakia&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Brno]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Brno-Brno-Bohunice,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=49.168966,16.583433&spn=0.050731,0.077162&sll=53.800651,-4.064941&sspn=11.74868,19.753418&oq=armens&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Brno-Bohunice,+Czech+Republic&z=14&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Bucharest]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Strada Armenească București, Romania|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=Str+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Bucharest,+Romania&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40b1ff371b6fa5cf:0x5fb74ed87177b516,Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Bucure%C8%99ti,+Romania&gl=us&ei=aWCDULzAF_G10AG_1IFY&ved=0CCAQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Örmény utca
| {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Budapest]], Hungary
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Budapest, Örmény utca, Hungary|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Budapest,+%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+utca,+Hungary&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=47.197275,20.582482&sspn=0.026361,0.038581&oq=%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+ut&t=h&hnear=1103+Budapest,+%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+utca,+Hungary&z=17|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Inmigrantes de Armenia
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Plaza Armenia Costa Rica, City of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Plaza+Armenia+Buenos+Aires&ie=UTF-8&ei=13zCUrKdLqmysASZ7IDoDA&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} Buenos Aires, Argentina
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Mapa de Calle Armenia|url=http://www.derutasydestinos.com/calles_capital_federal_armenia.html|publisher=deRutasyDestinos.com|accessdate=11 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Armenie
| {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Casablanca]], Morocco
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d Armenie Dar-el-Beida, Morocco |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=rue+Armenie+Casablanca&ie=UTF-8&ei=_YHCUsH1C6LjsAT6zYHAAQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, Chennai|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|India}} [[Chennai]], India
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St, George Town Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India |url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=armenian+street+chennai&ll=13.197165,79.870605&spn=5.837727,10.821533&client=firefox-a&hnear=Armenian+St,+George+Town,+Chennai,+Tamil+Nadu,+India&gl=us&t=h&z=7|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'ka St.
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Chernivtsi]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Virmens'ka St |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'ka+St,+Chernivtsi,+Chernivets'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+58000/@48.2892696,25.9377805,656m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x47340896ef7029b5:0x855cb7a31fed33b9!8m2!3d48.2892661!4d25.9403554!16s%2Fg%2F1vnthnkr?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ro:Strada Armenească din Chișinău|Strada Armenească]]
| {{flagicon|Moldova}} [[Chișinău]], [[Moldova]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=ул. Армянская Chisinau, Moldova|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40c97c30011730e5:0xcd290dddc2c24c0,%D1%83%D0%BB.+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,+Chisinau,+Moldova&gl=us&ei=N_pTUOyjKuXs0gHt4YDwDQ&ved=0CCMQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Armenie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Clamart]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie Clamart, France|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+D%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+paris&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=48.814586,2.260834&sspn=0.004062,0.010568&t=h&gl=us&hnear=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+92140+Clamart,+Hauts-de-Seine,+%C3%8Ele-de-France,+France&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'ka Ln
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Dnipro]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Virmens'ka Ln, Dnipro |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'kyi+Ln,+Dnipro,+Dnipropetrovs'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+49000/@48.4748385,34.9124097,654m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x40dbe143051950cd:0x4cf7aabae3c73050!8m2!3d48.474835!4d34.9149846!16s%2Fg%2F1v_nb106?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:fr:Esplanade d'Arménie|Esplanade d'Arménie]]
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], France
| align=center|<ref>{{cite news |title=One of central parts of Paris named after Armenia |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1065656 |agency=[[Armenpress]] |date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127112346/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1065656/ |archive-date=27 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
| Rue Armenia
| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Dollard-des-Ormeaux]], Quebec, Canada
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue Armenia Dollard-des-Ormeaux, QC H9B, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+ArmeniaDollard-des-Ormeaux&ie=UTF-8&ei=uDHDUq_-CozesATFiIHADA&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[El Ejido]], [[Spain]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Calle Armenia, El Ejido, Spain|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Calle+Armenia,+El+Ejido,+Spain&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=36.772339,-2.799298&spn=0.002471,0.005284&sll=-23.641576,-46.49531&sspn=0.005651,0.010568&oq=calle+armenia&t=h&hnear=Calle+Armenia,+04700+El+Ejido,+Almer%C3%ADa,+Spain&z=18|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armyanskaya Ulytsa
| {{flagicon|Crimea}} Feodosia, [[Crimea]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Armyanskaya+Ulytsa,+Feodosiia/@45.0237247,35.3875326,697m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x40eb85e54ab3a129:0xc7f16ff0e2be9cc8!8m2!3d45.0237209!4d35.3901075!16s%2Fg%2F11h5829mb9?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| Avenue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Gardanne]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Avenue d'Arménie 13120 Gardanne, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=avenue+d%27arm%C3%A9nie+gardanne&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x12c993bf4139662f:0x1618c2b27e89b400,Avenue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+13120+Gardanne,+France&gl=us&ei=AXrCUqi7KoHroASz8oDADw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Zaułek Ormiański
| {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Gdańsk]], Poland
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Zaułek Ormiański Gdańsk, Poland |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Zau%C5%82ek+Ormia%C5%84ski+Gda%C5%84sk,+Poland+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x46fd73a2089f0223:0x86da57c9cba64183,Zau%C5%82ek+Ormia%C5%84ski,+Gda%C5%84sk,+Poland&gl=us&ei=6J3AUvqCAsmssAT854CQDg&ved=0CDEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, George Town|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|MAS}} [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], [[Penang]], Malaysia
|
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Gherla]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+405300+Gherla,+Romania/@45.818804,22.7024451,7z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4749bdbc389f8de1:0xc29fac189b558ad4!8m2!3d47.0301571!4d23.9105952!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F1vy7fc5_?entry=tts | title=Strada Armenească · 405300 Gherla, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Grenoble]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 38000 Grenoble, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=10+rue+d%27arm%C3%A9nie+grenoble&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x478af37fd5a9c689:0xdb2d1c9f33fd440,10+Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+38000+Grenoble,+France&gl=us&ei=1nnCUuKbO43koASg8oCwAg&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armyanskaya Ulitsa
| {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Grozny]], Russia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armyanskaya Ulitsa|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Armyanskaya+Ulitsa,+Grozny,+Chech%C3%A9nskaya+Resp%C3%BAblika,+Russia,+366041/@43.3724951,45.5974482,717m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4051ce7613c115fb:0x4c0de239a7befc20!8m2!3d43.3724912!4d45.6000231!16s%2Fg%2F1pt_1cbwz?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Ineu]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Romania/@46.424998,21.8418649,14.46z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4745f7690b7cc74b:0xeefcfe30082a5504!8m2!3d46.4186544!4d21.8463543!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F11fzv9rmkn?entry=tts | title=STR. Armenească · Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'ka St
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ivano-Frankivsk]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'ka+St,+Ivano-Frankivs'k,+Ivano-Frankivs'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+76000/@48.9225979,24.709054,648m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4730c16cb40dd94b:0x9c4755541bce803!8m2!3d48.9225944!4d24.7116289!16s%2Fg%2F122tpw9s?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D | title=Virmens'ka St }}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Market Square
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kamianets-Podilskyi]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/House+on+Armenian+Market+Square,+8/@48.6722795,26.5704647,652m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x4733c787268c7a5d:0x3df9da96d6cf7cb4!8m2!3d48.6730553!4d26.5724705!16s%2Fg%2F11f4qfbr69?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D |name=House on Armenian Market Square, 8}}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'kyi Ln
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kharkiv]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'kyi+Ln,+Kharkiv,+Kharkivs'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+61000/@49.9885628,36.2350891,634m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4127a0f3c63f9de1:0xb694c4732bd12b17!8m2!3d49.9885594!4d36.237664!16s%2Fg%2F1tcznxjz?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D |name=Virmens'kyi Ln}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armyanskaya Ulitsa
| {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Kizlyar]], Russia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armyanskaya Ulitsa|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Armyanskaya+Ulitsa,+Kizlyar,+Respublika+Dagestan,+Russia,+368830/@43.8595105,46.7110624,711m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x40527268610b7337:0x6affb0aff5c6dee6!8m2!3d43.8595067!4d46.7136373!16s%2Fg%2F11bx1_x_9c?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Вірменська вулиця (Київ)|Virmenska vulytsya (Вірменська вулиця)]]
| {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Kyiv]], Ukraine
|
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Kladno]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Kladno, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Kladno,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=50.134334,14.137688&spn=0.09947,0.154324&sll=48.1449,17.204762&sspn=0.012943,0.01929&oq=Arm%C3%A9nska,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Kladno,+Czech+Republic&z=13|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Street
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kolkata]], India
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St, Avikar India Private Limited, Barabazar Market Kolkata, West Bengal, India|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenian+Street,+Barabazar+Market,+Kolkata,+West+Bengal,+India&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x3a0277b0f32c58c7:0x7ea2477f531fc84c,Armenian+St,+Barabazar+Market,+Kolkata,+West+Bengal,+India&gl=us&ei=0OhwULKPCYqr0AGCkoDwAw&ved=0CCEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Larnaca]], [[Cyprus]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Larnaca, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Aradippou,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.936889,33.614656&spn=0.002401,0.005284&sll=35.151916,33.41217&sspn=0.080704,0.169086&oq=Armenias,+&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&z=18&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Limassol]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Agios Athanasios, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Agios+Athanasios,+Limassol,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.724684,33.067989&spn=0.077034,0.169086&sll=34.70634,33.053484&sspn=0.038526,0.084543&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Agios+Athanasios,+Limassol+4105,+Cyprus&z=13|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Livadia, Larnaca|Livadhia]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Livadhia, Larnaca, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Livadhia,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.953581,33.622456&spn=0.009603,0.021136&sll=34.936889,33.614656&sspn=0.002401,0.005284&oq=Armenias,+&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Livadhia,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} {{ill|Lunca (C.A. Rosetti), Buzău|lt=Lunca|ro}}, Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Lunca,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x40b114fdf5bffa11:0x88818a411b725f99!8m2!3d45.0074647!4d27.2071305!16s%2Fg%2F11rd94h1b0?entry=ttu | title=STR. Armenească · Lunca, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:uk:Вулиця Вірменська (Львів)|Vulytsya Virmenska (Вулиця Вірменська)]]
| {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Lviv]], Ukraine
|
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Lyon]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 69003 Lyon, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie+69003+Lyon,+France+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF8&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&spell=1|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Mioveni]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+115400+Mioveni,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8.46z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x40b2b94c60abf625:0x4273d2cf5e95d88e!8m2!3d44.9064425!4d24.9037066!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F11gcdnhrq4?entry=tts | title=STR. Armenească · 115400 Mioveni, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armeneasca
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Mogoșoaia]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasca,+Mogo%C8%99oaia,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x40b204fadec75d2b:0x7976ff3fa7d5299c!8m2!3d44.5261173!4d25.9856068!16s%2Fg%2F1tlwd49t?entry=ttu | title=STR. Armeneasca · Mogoșoaia, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'ka St
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Molodizhne]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'ka+St,+Molodizhne/@44.9902858,34.0774065,174m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x40eae78491ffe39d:0x8681657b780baf41!8m2!3d44.990282!4d34.0783399!16s%2Fg%2F1tdflt84?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D | title=Virmens'ka St }}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Armenia
| {{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Montevideo]], Uruguay
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=PLAZA ARMENIA, Tomás de Tezanos, Montevideo, Montevideo Department, Uruguay|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=montevideo%20armenia&psj=1&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.52164340,d.dmg,pv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O&biw=1280&bih=628&dpr=1&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&sa=N&tab=wl|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=16 September 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Армянский переулок (Москва)|Armyanskiy pereulok (Армянский переулок)]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Moscow]], Russia
|
|-
| Armyanskaya Ulitsa
| {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Mozdok]], Russia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armyanskaya Ulitsa|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Armyanskaya+Ulitsa,+Mozdok,+Respublika+Severnaya+Osetiya+%E2%80%94+Alaniya,+Russia/@43.7348014,44.6573736,713m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4050e034495f1d65:0xf2cd22f29e60f895!8m2!3d43.7347976!4d44.6599485!16s%2Fg%2F1pv5wczxv?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Nice, France|Nice]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie Nice, France|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=rue+D%27Arm%C3%A9nie+nice,+france&ie=UTF8&client=firefox-a&hnear=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+06000+Nice,+Alpes-Maritimes,+Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te+d%27Azur,+France&gl=us&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Nicosia]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Strovolos, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Strovolos,+Nicosia,+Cyprus&hl=en&sll=34.840859,33.392944&sspn=2.592186,5.410767&oq=armenias&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Strovolos,+Nicosia,+Cyprus&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'kyi Ln
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Odessa]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Virmens'kyi Ln, Odessa|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'kyi+Ln,+Odesa,+Odes'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+65000/@46.4938519,30.7323298,170m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x40c631b89bc5383b:0xb6fa71b89035814b!8m2!3d46.4938482!4d30.7332632!16s%2Fg%2F1tdcvm5r?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
|Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Porto, Portugal|Porto]], [[Portugal]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua da Arménia, Porto, Portugal|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+da+Arm%C3%A9nia,+Porto,+Portugal&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=41.142166,-8.618726&spn=0.001161,0.002642&sll=-12.909351,-38.405175&sspn=0.001503,0.002642&oq=Rua+da+Arm%C3%AAnia&t=h&hnear=Rua+da+Arm%C3%A9nia,+Porto,+Portugal&z=19|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Prague]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Praha-Vršovice, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Vr%C5%A1ovice,+Prague-Prague+10,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=49.757316,16.451683&sspn=0.200503,0.308647&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1+1372/10,+101+00+Praha,+Czech+Republic&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Armenia
| {{flagicon|CHL}} [[Puerto Williams]], Chile
| {{center|<ref>{{cite news|title=Prominent Argentine businessman opens Plaza Armenia in Puerto Williams|url=http://www.acercandonaciones.com/en/cultura/destacado-empresario-argentino-inaugura-plaza-armenia-en-puerto-williams.html|accessdate=21 October 2012|agency=Acercando Naciones|archive-date=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235747/http://www.acercandonaciones.com/en/cultura/destacado-empresario-argentino-inaugura-plaza-armenia-en-puerto-williams.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Armenia square opens in Chile|url=http://news.am/eng/news/91265.html|accessdate=21 October 2012|date=30 January 2012|agency=News.am}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ribeirão das Neves]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Conjunto Henrique Sapori Ribeirão das Neves - MG, 33823-030, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Conjunto+Henrique+Sapori,+Ribeir%C3%A3o+das+Neves+-+Minas+Gerais,+33823-030,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=-19.766815,-44.139107&spn=0.001451,0.002642&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FZph0v4d9Xxe_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Conjunto+Henrique+Sapori,+Minas+Gerais,+33823-030,+Brazil&t=h&z=19&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Paraíso, São Gonçalo - Rio de Janeiro, 24431-460, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Para%C3%ADso,+S%C3%A3o+Gon%C3%A7alo+-+Rio+de+Janeiro,+24431-460,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FTeko_4dBKJu_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Para%C3%ADso,+Rio+de+Janeiro,+24431-460,+Brazil&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armayanskaya ulitsa (Армянская улица)
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rostov-on-Don]], Russia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armyanskaya ulitsa Rostov-na-Donu, Rostovskaya oblast', Russia|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83.&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40e3b7dd82d75979:0x5a44978d3bf80753,Armyanskaya+ulitsa,+Rostov-na-Donu,+Russia&gl=us&ei=eYGEUJ7cDKm30AG25YFA&ved=0CB8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Presidente Altino Osasco - SP, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Presidente+Altino,+Osasco+-+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FYQDmf4dk2U2_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Presidente+Altino,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Santana São Paulo - SP, 02451-060, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+Santana,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=-23.498239,-46.644323&spn=0.005372,0.010568&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=37.956457,86.572266&oq=rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+&t=h&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Santana,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+02451-060,+Brazil&z=17|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia, Jardim Passárgada I, São Paulo, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+Jardim+Pass%C3%A1rgada+I,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=-23.498239,-46.644323&sspn=0.005372,0.010568&oq=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+&t=h&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Jardim+Pass%C3%A1rgada+I,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+06712-215,+Brazil&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Sevilla]], [[Spain]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Calle Armenia, Utrera, Sevilla, Spain|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Calle+Armenia,+Utrera,+Spain&hl=en&ll=37.188023,-5.776234&spn=0.004915,0.010568&sll=36.772339,-2.799298&sspn=0.002471,0.005284&oq=Calle+Armenia,+&t=h&hnear=Calle+Armenia,+41710+Utrera,+Sevilla,+Spain&z=17|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Road
| {{flagicon|US}} [[Sherman (town), New York|Sherman, New York]], United States
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian Rd Sherman, NY 14781|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenian+Rd+Sherman,+NY+14781&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x882d59e95dd52f55:0x8ca2495b4bbaf564,Armenian+Rd,+Sherman,+NY+14781&gl=us&ei=--hwUK-IIYnj0gG_toCYAg&ved=0CCQQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, Singapore|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|SIN}} [[Singapore]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St Singapore|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40c97c30011730e5:0xcd290dddc2c24c0,%D1%83%D0%BB.+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,+Chisinau,+Moldova&gl=us&ei=N_pTUOyjKuXs0gHt4YDwDQ&ved=0CCMQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Suceava]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Suceava,+Romania/@45.5116936,23.669242,7z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4734fc2517bbb5b1:0xc952211b8877c05b!8m2!3d47.6483756!4d26.2557709!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F1tcxnfj_?entry=tts | title=Strada Armenească · Suceava, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Svitavy]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Svitavy, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Svitavy,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=49.757316,16.451683&spn=0.200503,0.308647&sll=50.134334,14.137688&sspn=0.09947,0.154324&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Svitavy,+Czech+Republic&z=12|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| North Armenia Avenue
| {{flagicon|US}} [[Tampa, Florida]], United States
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=N Armenia Ave Tampa, FL|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=N+Armenia+Ave+Tampa,+FL&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x88c2c1513af80249:0xd6f692881226ab19,N+Armenia+Ave,+Tampa,+FL&gl=us&ei=KH_BUp6WKbPNsATk04HwDA&ved=0CC4Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=30 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'ka St
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Valence, Drôme|Valence]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Virmens'ka St |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'ka+St,+Uzhhorod,+Zakarpats'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+88000/@48.6340899,22.2822866,652m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4739183708d96c3b:0x4402bbc467c8277e!8m2!3d48.6340864!4d22.2848615!16s%2Fg%2F1tj51ccc?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Valence, Drôme|Valence]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 26000 Valence, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=rue+d%27armenie+valence&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x47f559d4a09885d9:0x34253b016b83b8ab,Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+26000+Valence,+France&gl=us&ei=jXnCUuydA8T8oATdi4DIAw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Sotoportego dei Armeni
| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Venice]], Italy
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Sotoportego dei Armeni|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Sotoportego+Dei+Armeni/@45.4354068,12.3364982,173m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x477eb1ae631f0c1b:0x31dba9a5471f8d08!8m2!3d45.4354059!4d12.3377159!16s%2Fg%2F11f90wdwb_?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenierplatz<ref>The [[Armenian Apostolic]] [[Rhipsime|St. Hripsime]] Church is located there</ref>
| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Vienna]], Austria
| {{center|<ref>[[:File:Armenierplatz 01.JPG]]</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Vironas]], Greece
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Vironas, Greece|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Vironas,+Greece&hl=en&ll=37.945551,23.772976&spn=0.00973,0.021136&sll=34.722567,33.067989&sspn=0.081128,0.169086&oq=Armenias,+greec&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Vironas,+Greece&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Армянская улица (Владикавказ)|Armayanskaya ulitsa (Армянская улица)]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Vladikavkaz]], Russia
|
|-
| Armyanskaya Ulitsa
| {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Volvograd]], Russia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armyanskaya Ulitsa, Volvograd|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Armyanskaya+Ulitsa,+Volgograd,+Volgogradskaya+oblast',+Russia,+400119/@48.6767866,44.4741889,651m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4105334bd6d2ffe1:0xdd1672af3efbfafa!8m2!3d48.6767831!4d44.4767638!16s%2Fg%2F1ymv8b70r?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| Ormiańska street
| {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Zamość]], Poland
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Ormiańska Zamość, Poland|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Ormia%C5%84ska+zamosc&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&hnear=Ormia%C5%84ska,+Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87,+lubelskie,+Poland&gl=us&t=h&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
|}

==Other==
[[File:Brug293-1a.jpg|thumbnail|Armenian Bridge (''Armeensebrug'') and Armenian Apostolic Church (the yellow building on the left) in [[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]]]]

;Metro stations
*{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Armênia (São Paulo Metro)|Armênia]], a [[São Paulo Metro]] station

;Parks
*{{flagicon|US}} [[Armenian Heritage Park]], Boston, Massachusetts
*{{flagicon|Canada}} Parc de l'Arménie, Montreal<ref>{{cite web|title=Parc de l'Arménie Montreal, QC H4J 1L4, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Parc+de+l'Armenie+Montreal&ie=UTF-8&ei=OH_CUuXVC-3ksATV74CADw&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>

;Rivers
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Mureș (river)#Tributaries|Ormeniș]], tributary of the [[Mureș (river)|Mureș]] in [[Transylvania]], Romania
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Olt (river)#Tributaries|Ormeniș]], tributary of the [[Olt (river)|Olt]], Romania

;Other
*{{flagicon|Netherlands}} {{ill|Armeensebrug|nl}} (''Armenian Bridge''), [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands <ref>{{cite web |title=Armeensebrug, brug 293 in de Keizerstraat over de Krom Boomssloot. |url=https://www.bruggenvanamsterdam.nl/kromboomssloot_hoek_korte_keizer.htm |website=www.bruggenvanamsterdam.nl |accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Armenia Dam]], in the Leeu River, near [[Hobhouse, Free State|Hobhouse]], [[Free State (South African province)|Free State]], South Africa<ref>{{cite web |title=South Africa |url=http://diaspora.gov.am/en/pages/39/southafrica |website=diaspora.gov.am |publisher=Office of the High Commissioner for Diaspora Affairs of Armenia |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210501175743/http://diaspora.gov.am/en/diasporas/23/southafrica |archive-date=1 May 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Places named after Armenia}}
[[Category:Armenia geography-related lists|Places named after Armenia]]
[[Category:Lists of place names|Armenia]]

List of places named after Armenia

2024-09-09T02:39:01Z

RaffiKojian: /* Streets and squares */ adding more Armenian streets

{{short description|Places named after Armenia}}
{{expand list|date=December 2013}}
[[File:Av Bolívar desde ASW.jpg|thumb|[[Armenia, Colombia]], a town of 300,000 is the largest town in the world named Armenia.]]

Numerous cities, towns, villages and streets around the world are named after [[Armenia]]. Some of them are listed below.

==Settlements==
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
;Americas
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Armenia, Colombia]]
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Armenia, Antioquia]], Colombia
* {{flagicon|Belize}} [[Armenia, Belize]]
* {{flagicon|Ecuador}} [[Armenia, Ecuador]]
* {{flagicon|El Salvador}} [[Armenia, Sonsonate]], El Salvador
* {{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Nueva Armenia]], [[Honduras]]
* {{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Armenia Bonito, Atlántida]], Honduras
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia, Wisconsin]]
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia Gardens Estates]], Tampa, Florida
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia Township, Pennsylvania]]
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Little Armenia, Los Angeles|Little Armenia]], [[East Hollywood]], Los Angeles, California
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Old Armenian Town, Fresno, California]]
{{Col-2}}
;Asia
* [[Armenian Quarter]] of the [[Old City of Jerusalem]]
* {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Armanitola]], [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
* {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Armenikend]], [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]] (formerly)
;Europe
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Armeniș]], Romania
* {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Armenoi]], Crete, Greece
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[San Lazzaro degli Armeni]], Italy
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Armyansk]], [[Crimea]], [[Russia]]
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[:ru:Армянский (Апшеронский район)|Armyanskiy]], Apsheronskiy rayon, Krasnodar Krai, Russia
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[:ru:Армянский (Крымский район)|Armyanskiy]], Krymskiy rayon, [[Krasnodar Krai]], Russia
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Gherla]], Romania - was once known as Armenopolis
* {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[:hu:Örményes (Magyarország)|Örményes]], Hungary
* {{flagicon|Greece}} Ormos Armenis (Όρμος Αρμένης), [[Oia, Greece]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Ormos Armenis 847 02 Greece |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%CE%8C%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%91%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82&ie=UTF-8&ei=iEXDUuPpKazisASByYHQDQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Urmeniș]], Romania
{{Col-end}}

==Streets and squares==
[[File:Armenias Street sign in Nicosia, Cyprus 2022.jpg|thumbnail|Armenias Street in [[Nicosia]], [[Cyprus]].]]
[[Image:Lebuh Armenian Penang Dec 2006 002.jpg|thumb|[[Armenian Street, George Town|Armenian Street]] in [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], [[Penang]], [[Malaysia]]]]
[[File:Вулиця Вірменська Львів.jpg|thumb|Armenian Street in [[Old Town (Lviv)|Lviv's Old Town]] ]]
[[File:Armenierplatz 01.JPG|thumb|Armenian Square (Armenierplatz) in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]]]
[[File:Ormianska1.JPG|thumb|The Armenian Houses of [[Zamość]], [[Poland]] built by 17th century Armenian merchants<ref>{{cite book|last=Bedford|first=Neal|title=Poland.|year=2008|publisher=Lonely Planet|location=Footscray, Vic.|isbn=978-1741044799|page=252|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qe3UzP5I2vsC|edition=6th}}</ref>]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="width:20em" |Name
! style="width:20em" |Location
! style="width:2em" |Ref
|-
| Armenia Drive
| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Bedford, Nova Scotia]], Canada
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia Dr Bedford, NS B4A 4H6, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenia+Dr+Bedford,+NS+B4A+4H6,+Canada+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x4b598a170dcab019:0x4e2564ab99b96cd,Armenia+Dr,+Bedford,+NS+B4A+4H6,+Canada&gl=us&ei=-H7CUtO6FvPKsATs9oGoDQ&ved=0CDEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenia Street
| {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Beirut]], Lebanon
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia St, Beirut, Lebanon |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenia+St,+Beirut,+Lebanon&ie=UTF-8&ei=wX_CUortIbKlsQSmzICgDQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenische Straße
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Berlin]], Germany
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenische Straße 13349 Berlin, Germany |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=armenische+stra%C3%9Fe+berlin&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x47a853d306b93a8f:0x552768c62eeca371,Armenische+Stra%C3%9Fe,+D-13349+Berlin,+Germany&gl=us&ei=ZXrCUrOmK8y6oQTmlYLQAw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Bratislava]], Slovakia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Bratislava-Vrakuňa, Slovakia |url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nska,+Bratislava,+Slovakia&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=48.1449,17.204762&spn=0.012943,0.01929&sll=49.168966,16.583433&sspn=0.050731,0.077162&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nska,+Bratislava,+Slovakia&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Brno]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Brno-Brno-Bohunice,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=49.168966,16.583433&spn=0.050731,0.077162&sll=53.800651,-4.064941&sspn=11.74868,19.753418&oq=armens&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Brno-Bohunice,+Czech+Republic&z=14&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Bucharest]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Strada Armenească București, Romania|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=Str+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Bucharest,+Romania&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40b1ff371b6fa5cf:0x5fb74ed87177b516,Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Bucure%C8%99ti,+Romania&gl=us&ei=aWCDULzAF_G10AG_1IFY&ved=0CCAQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Örmény utca
| {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Budapest]], Hungary
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Budapest, Örmény utca, Hungary|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Budapest,+%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+utca,+Hungary&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=47.197275,20.582482&sspn=0.026361,0.038581&oq=%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+ut&t=h&hnear=1103+Budapest,+%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+utca,+Hungary&z=17|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Inmigrantes de Armenia
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Plaza Armenia Costa Rica, City of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Plaza+Armenia+Buenos+Aires&ie=UTF-8&ei=13zCUrKdLqmysASZ7IDoDA&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} Buenos Aires, Argentina
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Mapa de Calle Armenia|url=http://www.derutasydestinos.com/calles_capital_federal_armenia.html|publisher=deRutasyDestinos.com|accessdate=11 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Armenie
| {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Casablanca]], Morocco
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d Armenie Dar-el-Beida, Morocco |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=rue+Armenie+Casablanca&ie=UTF-8&ei=_YHCUsH1C6LjsAT6zYHAAQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, Chennai|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|India}} [[Chennai]], India
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St, George Town Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India |url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=armenian+street+chennai&ll=13.197165,79.870605&spn=5.837727,10.821533&client=firefox-a&hnear=Armenian+St,+George+Town,+Chennai,+Tamil+Nadu,+India&gl=us&t=h&z=7|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'ka St.
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Chernivtsi]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Virmens'ka St |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'ka+St,+Chernivtsi,+Chernivets'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+58000/@48.2892696,25.9377805,656m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x47340896ef7029b5:0x855cb7a31fed33b9!8m2!3d48.2892661!4d25.9403554!16s%2Fg%2F1vnthnkr?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ro:Strada Armenească din Chișinău|Strada Armenească]]
| {{flagicon|Moldova}} [[Chișinău]], [[Moldova]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=ул. Армянская Chisinau, Moldova|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40c97c30011730e5:0xcd290dddc2c24c0,%D1%83%D0%BB.+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,+Chisinau,+Moldova&gl=us&ei=N_pTUOyjKuXs0gHt4YDwDQ&ved=0CCMQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Armenie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Clamart]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie Clamart, France|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+D%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+paris&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=48.814586,2.260834&sspn=0.004062,0.010568&t=h&gl=us&hnear=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+92140+Clamart,+Hauts-de-Seine,+%C3%8Ele-de-France,+France&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'ka Ln
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Dnipro]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Virmens'ka Ln, Dnipro |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'kyi+Ln,+Dnipro,+Dnipropetrovs'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+49000/@48.4748385,34.9124097,654m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x40dbe143051950cd:0x4cf7aabae3c73050!8m2!3d48.474835!4d34.9149846!16s%2Fg%2F1v_nb106?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:fr:Esplanade d'Arménie|Esplanade d'Arménie]]
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], France
| align=center|<ref>{{cite news |title=One of central parts of Paris named after Armenia |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1065656 |agency=[[Armenpress]] |date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127112346/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1065656/ |archive-date=27 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
| Rue Armenia
| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Dollard-des-Ormeaux]], Quebec, Canada
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue Armenia Dollard-des-Ormeaux, QC H9B, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+ArmeniaDollard-des-Ormeaux&ie=UTF-8&ei=uDHDUq_-CozesATFiIHADA&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[El Ejido]], [[Spain]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Calle Armenia, El Ejido, Spain|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Calle+Armenia,+El+Ejido,+Spain&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=36.772339,-2.799298&spn=0.002471,0.005284&sll=-23.641576,-46.49531&sspn=0.005651,0.010568&oq=calle+armenia&t=h&hnear=Calle+Armenia,+04700+El+Ejido,+Almer%C3%ADa,+Spain&z=18|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armyanskaya Ulytsa
| {{flagicon|Crimea}} Feodosia, [[Crimea]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Armyanskaya+Ulytsa,+Feodosiia/@45.0237247,35.3875326,697m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x40eb85e54ab3a129:0xc7f16ff0e2be9cc8!8m2!3d45.0237209!4d35.3901075!16s%2Fg%2F11h5829mb9?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| Avenue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Gardanne]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Avenue d'Arménie 13120 Gardanne, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=avenue+d%27arm%C3%A9nie+gardanne&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x12c993bf4139662f:0x1618c2b27e89b400,Avenue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+13120+Gardanne,+France&gl=us&ei=AXrCUqi7KoHroASz8oDADw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Zaułek Ormiański
| {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Gdańsk]], Poland
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Zaułek Ormiański Gdańsk, Poland |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Zau%C5%82ek+Ormia%C5%84ski+Gda%C5%84sk,+Poland+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x46fd73a2089f0223:0x86da57c9cba64183,Zau%C5%82ek+Ormia%C5%84ski,+Gda%C5%84sk,+Poland&gl=us&ei=6J3AUvqCAsmssAT854CQDg&ved=0CDEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, George Town|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|MAS}} [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], [[Penang]], Malaysia
|
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Gherla]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+405300+Gherla,+Romania/@45.818804,22.7024451,7z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4749bdbc389f8de1:0xc29fac189b558ad4!8m2!3d47.0301571!4d23.9105952!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F1vy7fc5_?entry=tts | title=Strada Armenească · 405300 Gherla, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Grenoble]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 38000 Grenoble, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=10+rue+d%27arm%C3%A9nie+grenoble&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x478af37fd5a9c689:0xdb2d1c9f33fd440,10+Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+38000+Grenoble,+France&gl=us&ei=1nnCUuKbO43koASg8oCwAg&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armyanskaya Ulitsa
| {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Grozny]], Russia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armyanskaya Ulitsa|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Armyanskaya+Ulitsa,+Grozny,+Chech%C3%A9nskaya+Resp%C3%BAblika,+Russia,+366041/@43.3724951,45.5974482,717m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4051ce7613c115fb:0x4c0de239a7befc20!8m2!3d43.3724912!4d45.6000231!16s%2Fg%2F1pt_1cbwz?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Ineu]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Romania/@46.424998,21.8418649,14.46z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4745f7690b7cc74b:0xeefcfe30082a5504!8m2!3d46.4186544!4d21.8463543!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F11fzv9rmkn?entry=tts | title=STR. Armenească · Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'ka St
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ivano-Frankivsk]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'ka+St,+Ivano-Frankivs'k,+Ivano-Frankivs'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+76000/@48.9225979,24.709054,648m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4730c16cb40dd94b:0x9c4755541bce803!8m2!3d48.9225944!4d24.7116289!16s%2Fg%2F122tpw9s?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D | title=Virmens'ka St }}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Market Square
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kamianets-Podilskyi]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/House+on+Armenian+Market+Square,+8/@48.6722795,26.5704647,652m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x4733c787268c7a5d:0x3df9da96d6cf7cb4!8m2!3d48.6730553!4d26.5724705!16s%2Fg%2F11f4qfbr69?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D |name=House on Armenian Market Square, 8}}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'kyi Ln
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kharkiv]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'kyi+Ln,+Kharkiv,+Kharkivs'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+61000/@49.9885628,36.2350891,634m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4127a0f3c63f9de1:0xb694c4732bd12b17!8m2!3d49.9885594!4d36.237664!16s%2Fg%2F1tcznxjz?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D |name=Virmens'kyi Ln}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armyanskaya Ulitsa
| {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Kizlyar]], Russia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armyanskaya Ulitsa|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Armyanskaya+Ulitsa,+Kizlyar,+Respublika+Dagestan,+Russia,+368830/@43.8595105,46.7110624,711m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x40527268610b7337:0x6affb0aff5c6dee6!8m2!3d43.8595067!4d46.7136373!16s%2Fg%2F11bx1_x_9c?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Вірменська вулиця (Київ)|Virmenska vulytsya (Вірменська вулиця)]]
| {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Kyiv]], Ukraine
|
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Kladno]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Kladno, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Kladno,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=50.134334,14.137688&spn=0.09947,0.154324&sll=48.1449,17.204762&sspn=0.012943,0.01929&oq=Arm%C3%A9nska,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Kladno,+Czech+Republic&z=13|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Street
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kolkata]], India
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St, Avikar India Private Limited, Barabazar Market Kolkata, West Bengal, India|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenian+Street,+Barabazar+Market,+Kolkata,+West+Bengal,+India&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x3a0277b0f32c58c7:0x7ea2477f531fc84c,Armenian+St,+Barabazar+Market,+Kolkata,+West+Bengal,+India&gl=us&ei=0OhwULKPCYqr0AGCkoDwAw&ved=0CCEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Larnaca]], [[Cyprus]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Larnaca, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Aradippou,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.936889,33.614656&spn=0.002401,0.005284&sll=35.151916,33.41217&sspn=0.080704,0.169086&oq=Armenias,+&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&z=18&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Limassol]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Agios Athanasios, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Agios+Athanasios,+Limassol,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.724684,33.067989&spn=0.077034,0.169086&sll=34.70634,33.053484&sspn=0.038526,0.084543&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Agios+Athanasios,+Limassol+4105,+Cyprus&z=13|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Livadia, Larnaca|Livadhia]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Livadhia, Larnaca, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Livadhia,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.953581,33.622456&spn=0.009603,0.021136&sll=34.936889,33.614656&sspn=0.002401,0.005284&oq=Armenias,+&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Livadhia,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} {{ill|Lunca (C.A. Rosetti), Buzău|lt=Lunca|ro}}, Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Lunca,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x40b114fdf5bffa11:0x88818a411b725f99!8m2!3d45.0074647!4d27.2071305!16s%2Fg%2F11rd94h1b0?entry=ttu | title=STR. Armenească · Lunca, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:uk:Вулиця Вірменська (Львів)|Vulytsya Virmenska (Вулиця Вірменська)]]
| {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Lviv]], Ukraine
|
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Lyon]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 69003 Lyon, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie+69003+Lyon,+France+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF8&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&spell=1|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Mioveni]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+115400+Mioveni,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8.46z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x40b2b94c60abf625:0x4273d2cf5e95d88e!8m2!3d44.9064425!4d24.9037066!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F11gcdnhrq4?entry=tts | title=STR. Armenească · 115400 Mioveni, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armeneasca
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Mogoșoaia]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasca,+Mogo%C8%99oaia,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x40b204fadec75d2b:0x7976ff3fa7d5299c!8m2!3d44.5261173!4d25.9856068!16s%2Fg%2F1tlwd49t?entry=ttu | title=STR. Armeneasca · Mogoșoaia, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'ka St
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Molodizhne]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'ka+St,+Molodizhne/@44.9902858,34.0774065,174m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x40eae78491ffe39d:0x8681657b780baf41!8m2!3d44.990282!4d34.0783399!16s%2Fg%2F1tdflt84?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D | title=Virmens'ka St }}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Armenia
| {{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Montevideo]], Uruguay
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=PLAZA ARMENIA, Tomás de Tezanos, Montevideo, Montevideo Department, Uruguay|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=montevideo%20armenia&psj=1&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.52164340,d.dmg,pv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O&biw=1280&bih=628&dpr=1&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&sa=N&tab=wl|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=16 September 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Армянский переулок (Москва)|Armyanskiy pereulok (Армянский переулок)]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Moscow]], Russia
|
|-
| Armyanskaya Ulitsa
| {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Mozdok]], Russia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armyanskaya Ulitsa|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Armyanskaya+Ulitsa,+Mozdok,+Respublika+Severnaya+Osetiya+%E2%80%94+Alaniya,+Russia/@43.7348014,44.6573736,713m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4050e034495f1d65:0xf2cd22f29e60f895!8m2!3d43.7347976!4d44.6599485!16s%2Fg%2F1pv5wczxv?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Nice, France|Nice]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie Nice, France|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=rue+D%27Arm%C3%A9nie+nice,+france&ie=UTF8&client=firefox-a&hnear=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+06000+Nice,+Alpes-Maritimes,+Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te+d%27Azur,+France&gl=us&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Nicosia]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Strovolos, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Strovolos,+Nicosia,+Cyprus&hl=en&sll=34.840859,33.392944&sspn=2.592186,5.410767&oq=armenias&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Strovolos,+Nicosia,+Cyprus&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'kyi Ln
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Odessa]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Virmens'kyi Ln, Odessa|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'kyi+Ln,+Odesa,+Odes'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+65000/@46.4938519,30.7323298,170m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x40c631b89bc5383b:0xb6fa71b89035814b!8m2!3d46.4938482!4d30.7332632!16s%2Fg%2F1tdcvm5r?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
|Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Porto, Portugal|Porto]], [[Portugal]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua da Arménia, Porto, Portugal|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+da+Arm%C3%A9nia,+Porto,+Portugal&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=41.142166,-8.618726&spn=0.001161,0.002642&sll=-12.909351,-38.405175&sspn=0.001503,0.002642&oq=Rua+da+Arm%C3%AAnia&t=h&hnear=Rua+da+Arm%C3%A9nia,+Porto,+Portugal&z=19|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Prague]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Praha-Vršovice, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Vr%C5%A1ovice,+Prague-Prague+10,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=49.757316,16.451683&sspn=0.200503,0.308647&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1+1372/10,+101+00+Praha,+Czech+Republic&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Armenia
| {{flagicon|CHL}} [[Puerto Williams]], Chile
| {{center|<ref>{{cite news|title=Prominent Argentine businessman opens Plaza Armenia in Puerto Williams|url=http://www.acercandonaciones.com/en/cultura/destacado-empresario-argentino-inaugura-plaza-armenia-en-puerto-williams.html|accessdate=21 October 2012|agency=Acercando Naciones|archive-date=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235747/http://www.acercandonaciones.com/en/cultura/destacado-empresario-argentino-inaugura-plaza-armenia-en-puerto-williams.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Armenia square opens in Chile|url=http://news.am/eng/news/91265.html|accessdate=21 October 2012|date=30 January 2012|agency=News.am}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ribeirão das Neves]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Conjunto Henrique Sapori Ribeirão das Neves - MG, 33823-030, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Conjunto+Henrique+Sapori,+Ribeir%C3%A3o+das+Neves+-+Minas+Gerais,+33823-030,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=-19.766815,-44.139107&spn=0.001451,0.002642&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FZph0v4d9Xxe_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Conjunto+Henrique+Sapori,+Minas+Gerais,+33823-030,+Brazil&t=h&z=19&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Paraíso, São Gonçalo - Rio de Janeiro, 24431-460, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Para%C3%ADso,+S%C3%A3o+Gon%C3%A7alo+-+Rio+de+Janeiro,+24431-460,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FTeko_4dBKJu_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Para%C3%ADso,+Rio+de+Janeiro,+24431-460,+Brazil&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armayanskaya ulitsa (Армянская улица)
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rostov-on-Don]], Russia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armyanskaya ulitsa Rostov-na-Donu, Rostovskaya oblast', Russia|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83.&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40e3b7dd82d75979:0x5a44978d3bf80753,Armyanskaya+ulitsa,+Rostov-na-Donu,+Russia&gl=us&ei=eYGEUJ7cDKm30AG25YFA&ved=0CB8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Presidente Altino Osasco - SP, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Presidente+Altino,+Osasco+-+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FYQDmf4dk2U2_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Presidente+Altino,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Santana São Paulo - SP, 02451-060, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+Santana,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=-23.498239,-46.644323&spn=0.005372,0.010568&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=37.956457,86.572266&oq=rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+&t=h&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Santana,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+02451-060,+Brazil&z=17|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia, Jardim Passárgada I, São Paulo, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+Jardim+Pass%C3%A1rgada+I,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=-23.498239,-46.644323&sspn=0.005372,0.010568&oq=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+&t=h&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Jardim+Pass%C3%A1rgada+I,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+06712-215,+Brazil&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Sevilla]], [[Spain]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Calle Armenia, Utrera, Sevilla, Spain|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Calle+Armenia,+Utrera,+Spain&hl=en&ll=37.188023,-5.776234&spn=0.004915,0.010568&sll=36.772339,-2.799298&sspn=0.002471,0.005284&oq=Calle+Armenia,+&t=h&hnear=Calle+Armenia,+41710+Utrera,+Sevilla,+Spain&z=17|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Road
| {{flagicon|US}} [[Sherman (town), New York|Sherman, New York]], United States
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian Rd Sherman, NY 14781|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenian+Rd+Sherman,+NY+14781&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x882d59e95dd52f55:0x8ca2495b4bbaf564,Armenian+Rd,+Sherman,+NY+14781&gl=us&ei=--hwUK-IIYnj0gG_toCYAg&ved=0CCQQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, Singapore|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|SIN}} [[Singapore]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St Singapore|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40c97c30011730e5:0xcd290dddc2c24c0,%D1%83%D0%BB.+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,+Chisinau,+Moldova&gl=us&ei=N_pTUOyjKuXs0gHt4YDwDQ&ved=0CCMQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Suceava]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Suceava,+Romania/@45.5116936,23.669242,7z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4734fc2517bbb5b1:0xc952211b8877c05b!8m2!3d47.6483756!4d26.2557709!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F1tcxnfj_?entry=tts | title=Strada Armenească · Suceava, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Svitavy]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Svitavy, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Svitavy,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=49.757316,16.451683&spn=0.200503,0.308647&sll=50.134334,14.137688&sspn=0.09947,0.154324&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Svitavy,+Czech+Republic&z=12|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| North Armenia Avenue
| {{flagicon|US}} [[Tampa, Florida]], United States
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=N Armenia Ave Tampa, FL|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=N+Armenia+Ave+Tampa,+FL&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x88c2c1513af80249:0xd6f692881226ab19,N+Armenia+Ave,+Tampa,+FL&gl=us&ei=KH_BUp6WKbPNsATk04HwDA&ved=0CC4Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=30 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'ka St
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Valence, Drôme|Valence]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Virmens'ka St |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'ka+St,+Uzhhorod,+Zakarpats'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+88000/@48.6340899,22.2822866,652m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4739183708d96c3b:0x4402bbc467c8277e!8m2!3d48.6340864!4d22.2848615!16s%2Fg%2F1tj51ccc?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Valence, Drôme|Valence]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 26000 Valence, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=rue+d%27armenie+valence&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x47f559d4a09885d9:0x34253b016b83b8ab,Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+26000+Valence,+France&gl=us&ei=jXnCUuydA8T8oATdi4DIAw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenierplatz<ref>The [[Armenian Apostolic]] [[Rhipsime|St. Hripsime]] Church is located there</ref>
| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Vienna]], Austria
| {{center|<ref>[[:File:Armenierplatz 01.JPG]]</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Vironas]], Greece
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Vironas, Greece|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Vironas,+Greece&hl=en&ll=37.945551,23.772976&spn=0.00973,0.021136&sll=34.722567,33.067989&sspn=0.081128,0.169086&oq=Armenias,+greec&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Vironas,+Greece&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Армянская улица (Владикавказ)|Armayanskaya ulitsa (Армянская улица)]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Vladikavkaz]], Russia
|
|-
| Armyanskaya Ulitsa
| {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Volvograd]], Russia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armyanskaya Ulitsa, Volvograd|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Armyanskaya+Ulitsa,+Volgograd,+Volgogradskaya+oblast',+Russia,+400119/@48.6767866,44.4741889,651m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4105334bd6d2ffe1:0xdd1672af3efbfafa!8m2!3d48.6767831!4d44.4767638!16s%2Fg%2F1ymv8b70r?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| Ormiańska street
| {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Zamość]], Poland
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Ormiańska Zamość, Poland|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Ormia%C5%84ska+zamosc&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&hnear=Ormia%C5%84ska,+Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87,+lubelskie,+Poland&gl=us&t=h&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
|}

==Other==
[[File:Brug293-1a.jpg|thumbnail|Armenian Bridge (''Armeensebrug'') and Armenian Apostolic Church (the yellow building on the left) in [[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]]]]

;Metro stations
*{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Armênia (São Paulo Metro)|Armênia]], a [[São Paulo Metro]] station

;Parks
*{{flagicon|US}} [[Armenian Heritage Park]], Boston, Massachusetts
*{{flagicon|Canada}} Parc de l'Arménie, Montreal<ref>{{cite web|title=Parc de l'Arménie Montreal, QC H4J 1L4, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Parc+de+l'Armenie+Montreal&ie=UTF-8&ei=OH_CUuXVC-3ksATV74CADw&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>

;Rivers
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Mureș (river)#Tributaries|Ormeniș]], tributary of the [[Mureș (river)|Mureș]] in [[Transylvania]], Romania
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Olt (river)#Tributaries|Ormeniș]], tributary of the [[Olt (river)|Olt]], Romania

;Other
*{{flagicon|Netherlands}} {{ill|Armeensebrug|nl}} (''Armenian Bridge''), [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands <ref>{{cite web |title=Armeensebrug, brug 293 in de Keizerstraat over de Krom Boomssloot. |url=https://www.bruggenvanamsterdam.nl/kromboomssloot_hoek_korte_keizer.htm |website=www.bruggenvanamsterdam.nl |accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Armenia Dam]], in the Leeu River, near [[Hobhouse, Free State|Hobhouse]], [[Free State (South African province)|Free State]], South Africa<ref>{{cite web |title=South Africa |url=http://diaspora.gov.am/en/pages/39/southafrica |website=diaspora.gov.am |publisher=Office of the High Commissioner for Diaspora Affairs of Armenia |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210501175743/http://diaspora.gov.am/en/diasporas/23/southafrica |archive-date=1 May 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Places named after Armenia}}
[[Category:Armenia geography-related lists|Places named after Armenia]]
[[Category:Lists of place names|Armenia]]

Stepan Shaumian

2024-09-09T02:36:50Z

RaffiKojian: /* Places named after Shaumian */ Shaumian Street in Mozdok

{{Short description|Armenian Bolshevik revolutionary (1878–1918)}}
{{For|the Soviet ship named after him|SS Stepan Shaumian}}
{{Family name hatnote|Georgevich|[[Shaumyan (surname)|Shaumian]]|lang=Eastern Slavic}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Stepan Shaumian
| image = Stepan Shahumyan youth.jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption = Stepan Shaumian
| office = Commissar Extraordinary for the Caucasus
| term_start = 25 April 1918
| term_end = 31 July 1918
| predecessor = ''Position established''
| successor = ''Position abolished''
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1878|10|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Tiflis]], [[Russian Empire]] (now [[Tbilisi]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1918|9|20|1878|10|13|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Krasnovodsk]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]] (now [[Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan|Türkmenbaşy]], [[Turkmenistan]])
| restingplace =
| party = {{Plainlist|
* [[Russian Social Democratic Labour Party|RSDLP]] (1900–1912)
* [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]] (1912–1918)
}}
| alma_mater = [[Humboldt University of Berlin]]
| occupation = Politician, revolutionary
| signature = Shahumian signature.png
| native_name = {{Nobold|Ստեփան Շահումյան}}
| native_name_lang = hy
}}

'''Stepan Georgevich Shaumian''' ({{Lang-ru|Степан Георгиевич Шаумян}}; {{Lang-hy|Ստեփան Գեւորգի Շահումյան|Stepan Gevorgi Shahumyan}}; 1 October 1878 – 20 September 1918) was an [[Armenians|Armenian]] [[Bolsheviks|Bolshevik]] revolutionary and politician active throughout the [[Caucasus]].<ref name="SAE">{{Cite encyclopedia |year=1982 |title=SHAHUMYAN Step'an Gevorgi |encyclopedia=[[Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia]] |location=Yerevan |url=https://hy.wikisource.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BB:%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_(Soviet_Armenian_Encyclopedia)_8.djvu/431 |last=Arzumanyan |first=M. |editor-last=Hambardzumyan |editor-first=Viktor |editor-link=Viktor Ambartsumian |volume=8 |pages=431–434 |language=hy}}</ref> His role as a leader of the [[Russian Revolution]] in the Caucasus earned him the nickname of the "Caucasian Lenin", a reference to Russian revolutionary leader [[Vladimir Lenin]].<ref>Panossian, Razmik. ''The Armenians: From Kings And Priests to Merchants And Commissars''. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006 p. 211; {{ISBN|0-231-13926-8}}</ref>

The founder and editor of several newspapers and journals, Shaumian is best known as the head of the [[26 Baku Commissars|Baku Commune]], a short-lived committee appointed by Lenin in March 1918 with the task of leading the revolution in the Caucasus and [[West Asia]]. His tenure as leader of the Baku Commune was marred with numerous problems including ethnic violence between Baku's Armenian and [[Azerbaijani people|Azerbaijani]] populations, attempting to defend the city against an advancing [[Ottoman Army of Islam|Turkish]] army, all the while attempting to spread the cause of the revolution throughout the region. Unlike many of the other Bolsheviks at the time, he preferred to resolve many of the conflicts he faced peacefully rather than with force and [[state terrorism|terror]].<ref name="Hopkirk"/>

Shaumian was known by various aliases, including "Suren", "Surenin" and “Ayaks".<ref name="SAE"/> After the Baku Commune was voted out of power in July 1918, he fled across the [[Caspian Sea]] with the other leaders of the Commune, known as the [[26 Baku Commissars]]. He and the rest of the commissars were captured and executed by anti-Bolshevik forces on 20 September 1918.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}}

==Early life==
[[File:Редакция газеты "Бакинский рабочий" 1908г..jpg|thumb|200x200px|Shaumian and [[Prokofy Dzhaparidze|Dzhaparidze]] in 1908 (Shaumian second from left, Dzhaparidze first from right)]]
Stepan Gevorgi Shaumian was born to a family of [[Armenians|Armenian]] cloth merchants in [[Tbilisi|Tiflis]] (Tbilisi), then part of the [[Russian Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rezvani|first=Babak|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=juziBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA144|title=Conflict and Peace in Central Eurasia: Towards Explanations and Understandings|date=27 January 2015|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-27636-9|pages=144|language=en}}</ref> His family was descended from the Shaumian line of ''[[melik]]s'' (Armenian nobility) of [[Meghri]]; one of his ancestors, also named Stepan Shahumian, took part in [[Davit Bek]]'s rebellion in the 1720s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hewsen |first=Robert H. |authorlink=Robert Hewsen|date=1975–1976 |title=The Meliks of Eastern Armenia III |journal=[[Revue des Études Arméniennes]] |series=Nouvelle série |volume=XI |pages=231–233}}</ref> He became involved in revolutionary politics as a student in Tiflis. He graduated in 1898 and entered the [[Riga Technical University|Riga Polytechnic Institute]], but left when his family ran into financial difficulties, and found work as a proofreader. In 1899, he formed Armenia's first [[Marxism|Marxist]] group in the village of Jalaloghli (today the town of [[Stepanavan]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Шаумян Степан Георгоевич 1878-1918 биографический указатель |url=http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/bio_sh/shaumjan_sg.php |website=Khronos |access-date=8 November 2022}}</ref> In 1900, he returned to Riga to resume his education at the Polytechnic Institute and joined the [[Russian Social Democratic Labour Party|Russian Social Democratic Party]] (RSDLP).<ref name="SAE" /> In 1902, he was expelled from the institute, arrested, and exiled back to [[South Caucasus|Transcaucasia]].<ref name="SAE" />

==Revolutionary beginnings==
In spring 1902, Shaumyan enrolled in the philosophy department of [[Humboldt University of Berlin]], from which he graduated in 1905.<ref>{{Cite web|last=of Stepan Shahumain|title=Milestones of the revolution. Life and death|url=http://www.noev-kovcheg.ru/mag/2006-07/37.html}}</ref> In Europe, he met with such exiles from the Russian Empire as [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]], [[Julius Martov]] and [[Georgi Plekhanov]], and was present at the [[2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party|2nd Congress of the RSDLP]], in London, at which the party split into factions, and Shaumyan sided with [[Bolsheviks]].

Shaumyan returned to Tiflis in 1904, obtained a job as a teacher, while working illicitly as a Bolshevik organiser. of the Bolshand became a teacher, and the leader of local Social Democrats in Tiflis, as well as a prolific writer of [[Marxism|Marxist]] literature. By 1907 he had moved to [[Baku]] to head up the significant Bolshevik movement in the city. [[Joseph Stalin]], then known as 'Koba' was also based in Baku. They clashed. Shaumian was arrested on May Day, 1909, but was released after his employer interceded on his behalf, and accused 'Koba' of being a police agent, as the only person who had known the address of the safe house where he had been hiding.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Radzinsky |first1=Edvard |title=Stalin |date=1997 |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |location=London |isbn=0-340-68046-6}}</ref> This accusation against Stalin was never proved, and Shaumian apparently accepted his denials, because they continued to collaborate.

In 1914, Shaumian led the [[general strike]] in Baku. The strike was crushed by [[Military history of Imperial Russia|Imperial Army]] and Shaumian was arrested and sent to prison. He escaped just as the [[February Revolution]] of 1917 was beginning.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}}

==The Baku Commune==

===Early problems===
[[File:Stepan Shaumyan at Baku in 1917.webm|right|thumbnail|Stepan Shaumian at Baku in 1917]]
Following the [[October Revolution]] (which was centred in Saint Petersburg/Petrograd and [[Moscow]], and thus had little effect on Baku), Shaumian was made [[Commissar]] Extraordinary for the [[Caucasus]] and Chairman of the Baku Council of [[People's Commissar]]s. The government of the [[Baku Commune]] consisted of an alliance of Bolsheviks, [[Left Socialist-Revolutionaries]], [[Menshevik]]s and [[Armenian Revolutionary Federation|Dashnaks]].

In [[March Days|March 1918]] the leaders of Baku Commune disarmed a group of Azerbaijani soldiers, who came to Baku from [[Lenkoran]] on the ship called ''Evelina'' to attend the funeral of Mamed Taghiyev, son of the millionaire [[Zeynalabdin Taghiyev]].<ref name="Smith">{{in lang|ru}} [http://old.sakharov-center.ru/publications/azrus/az_004.htm Michael Smith, ''Azerbaijan and Russia: Society and State: Traumatic Loss and Azerbaijani National Memory'']</ref> In response, a huge crowd gathered in the yard of one of the Baku mosques and adopted a resolution demanding the release of the rifles confiscated by the [[Soviet (council)|Soviet]] from the crew of the ''Evelina''. The Azerbaijani Bolshevik organization Hümmet attempted to mediate the dispute by proposing that the arms were taken from the Savage Division to be transferred to the custody of Hümmet. Shaumian agreed to this proposal. But on the afternoon of 31 March, when Muslim representatives appeared before the Baku Soviet leadership to take the arms, shots were already heard in the city and the Soviet commissar [[Prokofy Dzhaparidze]] refused to provide arms and informed the Hümmet leadership that "Musavat had launched a political war".<ref name="suny41-42">{{cite book |title=The revenge of the past:nationalism, revolution, and the collapse of the Soviet Union |last=Suny |first=Ronald Grigor |year=1993 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=0-8047-2247-1 |pages=41–42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-4efW7SvG0YC&pg=PA41}}</ref> While it was not established who fired the first shot, the Baku Commune leaders accused the Muslims of starting the hostilities, and with the support of [[Dashnak]] forces attacked the Muslim quarters:
[[File:Stepan Shaumyan-1.jpg|right|200px|thumbnail]]
{{blockquote|We needed to give a rebuff, and we exploited the opportunity of the first attempt at an armed assault on our cavalry unit and began an attack on the whole front. Due to the efforts of both the local Soviet and the Military-revolutionary committee of the Caucasus Army, which moved here (from Tiflis and Sarikamish) we already had armed forces – about 6,000 strong. [[Dashnaktsutiun]] also had 3,000–4,000 of national forces, which were at our disposal. The participation of the latter lent the civil war, to some extent, the character of an ethnic massacre, however, it was impossible to avoid this. We were going for it deliberately. The Muslim poor suffered severely, however they are now rallying around the Bolsheviks and the Soviet.<ref>Stepan Shahumyan. ''Letters 1896–1918''. Yerevan: State Publishing House of Armenia, 1959, pp. 63–67.</ref>}}

On the morning of 1 April 1918, the Committee of Revolutionary Defense of the Baku Soviet issued a leaflet with the message:

{{blockquote|In view of the fact that the counterrevolutionary Musavat party declared war on the Soviet of Workers', Soldiers', and Sailors' Deputies in the city of Baku and thus threatened the existence of the government of the revolutionary democracy, Baku is declared to be in a state of siege.<ref name="rgsunycommune">{{Harv|Suny|1972|pp=217–221}}</ref>}}

Bolsheviks had only about 6,000 loyal troops, and they were forced to seek support from either Muslim Musavat or Armenian Dashnaktsutyun. Shaumian, himself an Armenian, chose the latter.<ref name=Marshall>{{cite book|last=Alex|first=Marshall|title=The Caucasus Under Soviet Rule|year=2009|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9780415410120|pages=89|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F0mlUS7rlhcC&pg=PA89|edition=Volume 12 of Routledge Studies in the History of Russia and Eastern Europe}}</ref> Shaumian considered the March events to be a triumph of the Soviet power in the Caucasus:

According to [[Firuz Kazemzadeh]], the Baku Soviet provoked the March events to eliminate its most formidable rival: the Musavat. However, when Soviet leaders reached out to ARF for assistance against the Azerbaijani nationalists, the conflict degenerated into a massacre with the Armenians killing the Muslims irrespective of their political affiliations or social and economic position.<ref name="Marshall"/><ref>[[Firuz Kazemzadeh]]. The Struggle for Transcaucasia, 1917–1921. Philosophical library, 1951, p. 75</ref> Estimates of the number of Azerbaijanis and other Muslims massacred in Baku and surrounding regions range between 3,000 and 12,000.<ref name="Smith"/>

The Committee of Revolutionary Defense issued another proclamation early in April 1918, which insisted on an anti-Soviet character of the rebellion and blamed [[Musavat]] and its leadership for the events. The Soviet's statement asserted that there was a carefully laid out plot by [[Musavat]] to overthrow the Baku Soviet and to establish its own regime:

{{blockquote|The enemies of Soviet power in the city of Baku have raised their head. The malice and hatred with which they viewed the revolutionary organ of the workers and soldiers began recently to overflow into open counterrevolutionary activities. The appearance of the staff of the Savage Division, headed by the unmasked Talyshkhanov, the events in Lenkoran, in Mugan, and at Shemakha, the capture of Petrovsk by the Daghestan regiment and the withholding of grain shipments from Baku, the threats of Elisavetpol, and in the last few days of Tiflis, to march on Baku, against soviet power, the aggressive movements of the armored train of the Transcaucasian Commissariat in [[Hajiqabul|Adzhikabul]], and, finally, the outrageous behavior of the Savage Division on the steamship Evelina in shooting comrades—all this speaks of the criminal plans of the counterrevolutionaries grouped mainly around the Bek party Musavat and having as its goal the overthrow of Soviet power."<ref name="rgsunycommune" />}}
[[File:Stepan Shaumyan-2.jpg|right|200px|thumbnail|Shaumian on the right.]]
Less than six months later, in September 1918, [[Nuri Pasha]]'s [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]-led [[Ottoman Army of Islam|Army of Islam]], supported by Azerbaijani forces, recaptured Baku and subsequently killed an estimated 10,000 to 20,000 ethnic Armenians.<ref name="Croissant">Michael P. Croissant, ''The Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict: Causes and Implications''. New York: Praeger, 1998, pp. 14–15 {{ISBN|0-275-96241-5}}</ref><ref>Human Rights Watch. [http://hrw.org/reports/1995/communal/ "Playing the 'Communal Card': Communal Violence and Human Rights"]. Retrieved 16 January 2007.</ref>

The Bolsheviks clashed with Dashnaks and Mensheviks over the involvement of [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] forces, which the latter two welcomed. In either case, Shaumian was under direct orders from Moscow to refuse aid offered by the British.<ref>[[David Fromkin|Fromkin, David]]. ''[[A Peace to End All Peace|A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East]]''. New York: Owl, 1989 p. 356 {{ISBN|0-8050-6884-8}}</ref> However, he understood the consequences of not accepting British aid, including a further massacre of Armenians by the Turks. Major Ranald MacDonell, a seasoned diplomat and the British [[Vice Consul|vice-consul]] of Baku, was tasked by his superiors to persuade Shaumian to reconsider British support.<ref name="Hopkirk. p. 305">Hopkirk. ''On Secret Service'', p. 305</ref>

===Coup plots===
[[File:Stepan Shahumyan bust Yerevan.JPG|thumb|200px|The [[Bust (sculpture)|bust]] of Stepan Shaumian in front of Stepan Shahumyan School #1 in Yerevan, Armenia]]
In mid-summer, MacDonell personally visited Shaumian's home in Baku and the two discussed the issue of British military involvement in a generally amiable conversation. Shaumian first raised the spectre of what British involvement would entail: "Is your [[General Dunsterville]] [the head of the military force awaiting orders to enter Baku] coming to Baku to turn us out?" MacDonell reassured him that Dunsterville, being a member of the military, was not claiming any political stake in the conflict but was merely interested in helping him defend the city. Unconvinced, Shaumian replied, "And you really believe that a British general and a Bolshevik commissar would make good partners....No! We will organise our own force to fight the Turk."<ref name="Hopkirk"/>

Shaumian was under the impression that the Bolsheviks would soon be sending reinforcements from the Caspian Sea to assist him, although that prospect remained highly unlikely. He had sent numerous telegrams to Moscow extolling the fighting abilities of his Armenian units but warned that they too, would soon be unable to halt the advance of Enver's army. With this, MacDonell's and Shaumian's conversation ended with the possibility of accepting British aid in exchange for complete Bolshevik control over the military force, terms the British could not immediately accept.<ref name="Hopkirk"/>

Relations between the Baku Commune and the British soon reached a turning point when Britain decided to reverse its support for Bolsheviks. Shaumian's intransigence had cost him their support, MacDonell was told by a British officer: "the new policy of the British and French governments was to support the anti-Bolshevik forces....It mattered little whether they were Tsarist or Social Revolutionary."<ref name="Hopkirk">[[Peter Hopkirk|Hopkirk, Peter]]. ''On Secret Service East of Constantinople: The Plot to Bring Down the British Empire'', Oxford University Press, 2001; {{ISBN|0-19-280230-5}}, pp 304–5, 322</ref>

Over the previous days, numerous people had visited MacDonell, pleading for a withdrawal of British support for Shaumian. Many claimed to be former Tsarist officers offering their service to rise against the Bolsheviks, though MacDonell reportedly suspected them to have been agents working on behalf of the Bolsheviks.<ref name="Hopkirk"/>

===Expulsion===
On 26 July 1918, the Bolsheviks were outvoted 259–236 in the Baku Soviet. Shaumian's support had eroded and many of his key supporters abandoned him. Angered with the outcome of the vote, he announced that his party would withdraw from the Soviet and Baku itself: "With pain in our hearts and curses on our lips, we who had come here to die for the Soviet regime are forced to leave."<ref name="Hopkirk"/>

A new government headed primarily by Russians, known as [[Central Caspian Dictatorship]] (''Diktatura Tsentrokaspiya'') was formed, as British forces under General [[Lionel Dunsterville]] occupied Baku the same day. {{citation needed|date=September 2013}}

==Arrest and death==
[[File:The Soviet Union 1968 CPA 3666 stamp (One of 26 Baku Commissars Stepan Shahumyan (1878–1918)).jpg|thumb|150px|A 1968 [[USSR]] [[postage stamp]] honoring Stepan Shaumian]]
On 31 July 1918, the [[26 Baku Commissars]] attempted the evacuation of Bolshevik armed troops by sailing over the Caspian Sea to [[Astrakhan]], but the ships were captured on 16 August by the military vessels of the [[Central Caspian Dictatorship]]. The Commissars were arrested and placed in Baku prison. On 28 August, Shaumian and his comrades were elected ''[[election in absentia|in absentia]]'' to the Baku Soviet. On 14 September, amidst the confusion as Baku fell to Turkish forces, Shaumian and his fellow commissars either escaped or were released. In the most widely accepted version of events a group of Bolsheviks headed by [[Anastas Mikoyan]] broke into the prison and released Shaumian. He and the other commissars then boarded a ship to [[Krasnovodsk]], where upon arrival he was promptly arrested by anti-Bolshevik elements led by their commandant, Kuhn. Kuhn then requested further orders from the "Ashkhabad Committee", led by the Socialist Revolutionary [[Fyodor Funtikov]], about what should be done with them.{{citation needed|date=October 2013}}

Three days later, the British Major-General [[Wilfrid Malleson]], on hearing of their arrest, contacted Britain's liaison-officer in [[Ashgabat]], Captain [[Reginald Teague-Jones]], to suggest that the commissars be handed over to British forces in [[Meshed]] to be used as hostages in exchange for British citizens held by the Soviets. That same day, Teague-Jones attended the committee's meeting in Ashgabat, which had the task of deciding the fate of the Commissars. For some reason Teague-Jones did not communicate Malleson's request to the committee, and later claimed he left before a decision was made and did not discover until the following day that the committee had eventually decided to issue orders that the commissars should be executed.<ref>C. Dobson & J. Miller ''The Day We Almost Bombed Moscow'' Hodder and Stoughton, 1986. pp 94–5{{ISBN missing}}</ref><ref>Leach, Hugh. ''Strolling About the Roof of the World: The First Hundred Years of the Royal Society for Asian Affairs''. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002 p 26; {{ISBN|0-415-29857-1}}</ref> On the night of 20 September, Shaumian and the others were executed by a firing squad in a remote location between the stations of Pereval and Akhcha-Kuyma on the [[Trans-Caspian railway]].

In 1956, the ''[[The Observer|Observer]]'' published a letter written by a British staff officer who recounted a conversation he had had with Malleson, stricken with [[malaria]] at the time, on what was to be done to the commissars. Malleson replied that since the matter did not involve the British, they should not concern themselves with the issue. The telegram that was sent told the authorities holding the commissars to dispose of them "as they sought fit."<ref>Leach. ''Strolling About the Roof'', pp 26–27</ref> Nevertheless, Malleson expressed his horror when he learned upon the ultimate fate that had befallen the commissars.<ref>Leach. ''Strolling About the Roof'', p 27</ref>

==Legacy and reburial==
[[File:Funeral of 26 Baku Commissars, 1920.webm|thumb|First funeral of [[26 Baku Commissars]] (the crying woman is the mother of [[Mir Hasan Vezirov]]).]]
[[Image:Shaumyan3.jpg|thumb|House museum of Shaumian in [[Stepanavan]]]]
Following Shaumian's death, the Soviet government depicted him as a fallen hero of the Russian Revolution.<ref>Panossian. ''The Armenians'', p. 211</ref> Shaumian's close relationship with Lenin also exacerbated the already heightened tensions between the British and the Soviets, who placed much of the blame on the British in complicity in the massacre.<ref>Leach. ''Strolling About the Roof'', p. 26</ref> Anastas Mikoyan was especially active in working to preserve the memory of Shaumian, who he regarded as "his hero and revolutionary mentor."<ref>{{cite news|title=Q&A With Pietro Shakarian: On Anastas Mikoyan, Armenia and Karabakh|url=https://armenian.usc.edu/qa-with-pietro-shakarian-on-anastas-mikoyan-armenia-and-karabakh/|work=[[USC Institute of Armenian Studies]]|date=16 September 2020|access-date=18 May 2023}}</ref> As American journalist [[Harrison Salisbury]] wrote:

{{Quote frame|Mikoyan never tired of talking of Shaumian nor of singing his praises as a remarkable revolutionary leader. He was dedicated to Shaumian's family and children and in later years treated them as if they were his own.<ref>{{cite book|contributor-last=Salisbury|contributor-first=Harrison|contributor-link=Harrison Salisbury|contribution=Preface|last=Mikoyan|first=Anastas I.|translator-last1=O'Connor|translator-first1=Katherine T.|translator-last2=Burgin|translator-first2=Diana L.|title=The Memoirs of Anastas Mikoyan, Vol. 1: The Path of Struggle|publisher=Sphinx Press|place=Madison, CT|date=1988|isbn=0-943071-04-6|pages=xiii}}</ref>}}

During the Soviet period, [[Stepanakert|Khankendi]] in the [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] region of the [[Azerbaijan SSR]] was renamed as Stepanakert, after Shaumian. The city of [[Stepanavan|Jalaloghli]] in the [[Armenian SSR]] was also renamed, in Shaumian's honor, Stepanavan, a name it has retained in [[History of the Soviet Union (1985-1991)|post-Soviet]] Armenia. Streets in [[Lipetsk]], [[Yekaterinburg]], [[Stavropol]] and [[Rostov-on-Don]] ([[Russia]]), an avenue in [[Saint Petersburg]] are named in Shaumian's honour. A statue of him erected in 1931 stands in [[Yerevan]], the capital of Armenia. Shaumian was also regularly praised by Party leaders in the Caucasus. In 1978, Soviet Azerbaijan's First Secretary [[Heydar Aliyev]] remarked:

{{Quote frame|And today we say with pride and love, that the great son of Armenian people Stepan is also the son of Azerbaijani people, all people of Transcaucasia, all multinational and united Soviet people.<ref>Алиев Г.А. «Мужественный борец за дело Ленина, за коммунизм: к 100-летию со дня рождения С.Г. Шаумяна». Баку, 1978 г., стр. 26: «И сегодня мы с гордостью и любовью говорим, что великий сын армянского народа Степан – это и сын азербайджанского народа, всех народов Закавказья, всего многонационального и единого советского народа»).</ref>}}

Since the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|Soviet dissolution]], Shaumian's legacy has been affected by the impact of the [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]]. In January 2009, Azerbaijan's post-Soviet authorities demolished the [[26 Commissars Memorial]] in Baku, which commemorated the 26 Commissars. The move caused an outcry in Armenia, as the Armenian public believed that the reburial was motivated by [[anti-Armenian sentiment]].<ref name="iwpr">[https://iwpr.net/global-voices/azerbaijan-outcry-commissars-reburial Azerbaijan: Outcry at Commissars' Reburial, by Magerram Zeinalov and Gegham Vardanian, IWPR, 2009]</ref>

A scandal emerged when the Azerbaijani press reported that only 21 bodies were found buried in the park, as "Shaumian and four other Armenian commissars managed to escape their murderers".<ref name="iwpr"/> The claim was denied by Shaumian's granddaughter [[:ru:Шаумян, Татьяна Львовна|Tatiana]], a historian at the [[Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences]] in [[Moscow]], who told the Russian daily ''[[Kommersant]]'':

{{Quote frame|It is impossible to believe that they weren't all buried. There is a film in the archives of 26 bodies being buried. Apart from this, my grandmother was present at the reburial.<ref name="iwpr"/>}}

Historian [[Ronald Grigor Suny]] has stressed the importance of Shaumian's efforts to "win power for the people democratically and nonviolently." He added that "the story of the Baku Commune he built provides an important perspective on the Russian Revolution and the subsequent civil war."<ref>{{cite news|last=Suny|first=Ronald Grigor|title=The Baku Commune|url=https://jacobin.com/2017/11/baku-commune-october-revolution-lenin-bolsheviks|work=[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]]|date=7 November 2017|access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref>

==Places named after Shaumian==

;Armenia
*[[Stepanavan|Stepanavan, Lori]]
*[[Shahumyan, Ararat]]
*[[Shahumyan, Armavir]]
*[[Shahumyan, Lori]]
*[[Shahumyan, Yerevan]]

;Azerbaijan
*[[Goygol (city)|Goygol]], [[Goygol Rayon]] (formerly Shaumyan)
*[[Aşağı Ağcakənd]], [[Goranboy District|Goranboy]] (formerly Shaumyan)
*[[Məmişlər, Sabirabad|Məmişlər]], [[Sabirabad District|Sabirabad]] (formerly Shaumyanovka)
*[[Stepanakert]], [[Nagorno-Karabakh]]

;Russia
*[[:ru:Шаумян (Краснодарский край)|Shaumyan, Krasnodar Krai]]
*[[:ru:Шаумянский|Shaumyan, Stavropol Krai]]
*Shaumyana Street, Mozdok, Ossetia

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
*[[Ronald Grigor Suny|Suny, Ronald Grigor]]. ''The Baku Commune, 1917–18''. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972; {{ISBN|0-691-05193-3}}

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline|Stepan Shaumyan}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shaumian, Stepan}}
[[Category:1878 births]]
[[Category:1918 deaths]]
[[Category:Candidates of the Central Committee of the 6th Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Committee of the 6th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)]]
[[Category:Armenian communists]]
[[Category:Armenian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Executed politicians]]
[[Category:Old Bolsheviks]]
[[Category:Politicians from Tbilisi]]
[[Category:People from Tiflis Governorate]]
[[Category:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members]]
[[Category:Georgian people of Armenian descent]]
[[Category:Russian people of Armenian descent]]
[[Category:Russian communists]]
[[Category:Russian Marxists]]
[[Category:Russian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Riga Technical University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Stepanavan]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Politicians from Baku]]

List of places named after Armenia

2024-09-09T02:24:30Z

RaffiKojian: /* Streets and squares */ more in Ukraine

{{short description|Places named after Armenia}}
{{expand list|date=December 2013}}
[[File:Av Bolívar desde ASW.jpg|thumb|[[Armenia, Colombia]], a town of 300,000 is the largest town in the world named Armenia.]]

Numerous cities, towns, villages and streets around the world are named after [[Armenia]]. Some of them are listed below.

==Settlements==
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
;Americas
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Armenia, Colombia]]
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Armenia, Antioquia]], Colombia
* {{flagicon|Belize}} [[Armenia, Belize]]
* {{flagicon|Ecuador}} [[Armenia, Ecuador]]
* {{flagicon|El Salvador}} [[Armenia, Sonsonate]], El Salvador
* {{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Nueva Armenia]], [[Honduras]]
* {{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Armenia Bonito, Atlántida]], Honduras
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia, Wisconsin]]
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia Gardens Estates]], Tampa, Florida
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia Township, Pennsylvania]]
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Little Armenia, Los Angeles|Little Armenia]], [[East Hollywood]], Los Angeles, California
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Old Armenian Town, Fresno, California]]
{{Col-2}}
;Asia
* [[Armenian Quarter]] of the [[Old City of Jerusalem]]
* {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Armanitola]], [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
* {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Armenikend]], [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]] (formerly)
;Europe
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Armeniș]], Romania
* {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Armenoi]], Crete, Greece
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[San Lazzaro degli Armeni]], Italy
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Armyansk]], [[Crimea]], [[Russia]]
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[:ru:Армянский (Апшеронский район)|Armyanskiy]], Apsheronskiy rayon, Krasnodar Krai, Russia
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[:ru:Армянский (Крымский район)|Armyanskiy]], Krymskiy rayon, [[Krasnodar Krai]], Russia
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Gherla]], Romania - was once known as Armenopolis
* {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[:hu:Örményes (Magyarország)|Örményes]], Hungary
* {{flagicon|Greece}} Ormos Armenis (Όρμος Αρμένης), [[Oia, Greece]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Ormos Armenis 847 02 Greece |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%CE%8C%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%91%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82&ie=UTF-8&ei=iEXDUuPpKazisASByYHQDQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Urmeniș]], Romania
{{Col-end}}

==Streets and squares==
[[File:Armenias Street sign in Nicosia, Cyprus 2022.jpg|thumbnail|Armenias Street in [[Nicosia]], [[Cyprus]].]]
[[Image:Lebuh Armenian Penang Dec 2006 002.jpg|thumb|[[Armenian Street, George Town|Armenian Street]] in [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], [[Penang]], [[Malaysia]]]]
[[File:Вулиця Вірменська Львів.jpg|thumb|Armenian Street in [[Old Town (Lviv)|Lviv's Old Town]] ]]
[[File:Armenierplatz 01.JPG|thumb|Armenian Square (Armenierplatz) in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]]]
[[File:Ormianska1.JPG|thumb|The Armenian Houses of [[Zamość]], [[Poland]] built by 17th century Armenian merchants<ref>{{cite book|last=Bedford|first=Neal|title=Poland.|year=2008|publisher=Lonely Planet|location=Footscray, Vic.|isbn=978-1741044799|page=252|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qe3UzP5I2vsC|edition=6th}}</ref>]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="width:20em" |Name
! style="width:20em" |Location
! style="width:2em" |Ref
|-
| Armenia Drive
| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Bedford, Nova Scotia]], Canada
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia Dr Bedford, NS B4A 4H6, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenia+Dr+Bedford,+NS+B4A+4H6,+Canada+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x4b598a170dcab019:0x4e2564ab99b96cd,Armenia+Dr,+Bedford,+NS+B4A+4H6,+Canada&gl=us&ei=-H7CUtO6FvPKsATs9oGoDQ&ved=0CDEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenia Street
| {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Beirut]], Lebanon
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia St, Beirut, Lebanon |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenia+St,+Beirut,+Lebanon&ie=UTF-8&ei=wX_CUortIbKlsQSmzICgDQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenische Straße
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Berlin]], Germany
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenische Straße 13349 Berlin, Germany |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=armenische+stra%C3%9Fe+berlin&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x47a853d306b93a8f:0x552768c62eeca371,Armenische+Stra%C3%9Fe,+D-13349+Berlin,+Germany&gl=us&ei=ZXrCUrOmK8y6oQTmlYLQAw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Bratislava]], Slovakia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Bratislava-Vrakuňa, Slovakia |url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nska,+Bratislava,+Slovakia&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=48.1449,17.204762&spn=0.012943,0.01929&sll=49.168966,16.583433&sspn=0.050731,0.077162&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nska,+Bratislava,+Slovakia&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Brno]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Brno-Brno-Bohunice,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=49.168966,16.583433&spn=0.050731,0.077162&sll=53.800651,-4.064941&sspn=11.74868,19.753418&oq=armens&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Brno-Bohunice,+Czech+Republic&z=14&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Bucharest]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Strada Armenească București, Romania|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=Str+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Bucharest,+Romania&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40b1ff371b6fa5cf:0x5fb74ed87177b516,Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Bucure%C8%99ti,+Romania&gl=us&ei=aWCDULzAF_G10AG_1IFY&ved=0CCAQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Örmény utca
| {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Budapest]], Hungary
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Budapest, Örmény utca, Hungary|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Budapest,+%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+utca,+Hungary&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=47.197275,20.582482&sspn=0.026361,0.038581&oq=%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+ut&t=h&hnear=1103+Budapest,+%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+utca,+Hungary&z=17|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Inmigrantes de Armenia
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Plaza Armenia Costa Rica, City of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Plaza+Armenia+Buenos+Aires&ie=UTF-8&ei=13zCUrKdLqmysASZ7IDoDA&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} Buenos Aires, Argentina
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Mapa de Calle Armenia|url=http://www.derutasydestinos.com/calles_capital_federal_armenia.html|publisher=deRutasyDestinos.com|accessdate=11 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Armenie
| {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Casablanca]], Morocco
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d Armenie Dar-el-Beida, Morocco |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=rue+Armenie+Casablanca&ie=UTF-8&ei=_YHCUsH1C6LjsAT6zYHAAQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, Chennai|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|India}} [[Chennai]], India
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St, George Town Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India |url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=armenian+street+chennai&ll=13.197165,79.870605&spn=5.837727,10.821533&client=firefox-a&hnear=Armenian+St,+George+Town,+Chennai,+Tamil+Nadu,+India&gl=us&t=h&z=7|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'ka St.
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Chernivtsi]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Virmens'ka St |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'ka+St,+Chernivtsi,+Chernivets'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+58000/@48.2892696,25.9377805,656m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x47340896ef7029b5:0x855cb7a31fed33b9!8m2!3d48.2892661!4d25.9403554!16s%2Fg%2F1vnthnkr?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ro:Strada Armenească din Chișinău|Strada Armenească]]
| {{flagicon|Moldova}} [[Chișinău]], [[Moldova]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=ул. Армянская Chisinau, Moldova|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40c97c30011730e5:0xcd290dddc2c24c0,%D1%83%D0%BB.+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,+Chisinau,+Moldova&gl=us&ei=N_pTUOyjKuXs0gHt4YDwDQ&ved=0CCMQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Armenie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Clamart]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie Clamart, France|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+D%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+paris&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=48.814586,2.260834&sspn=0.004062,0.010568&t=h&gl=us&hnear=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+92140+Clamart,+Hauts-de-Seine,+%C3%8Ele-de-France,+France&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'ka Ln
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Dnipro]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Virmens'ka Ln, Dnipro |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'kyi+Ln,+Dnipro,+Dnipropetrovs'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+49000/@48.4748385,34.9124097,654m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x40dbe143051950cd:0x4cf7aabae3c73050!8m2!3d48.474835!4d34.9149846!16s%2Fg%2F1v_nb106?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:fr:Esplanade d'Arménie|Esplanade d'Arménie]]
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], France
| align=center|<ref>{{cite news |title=One of central parts of Paris named after Armenia |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1065656 |agency=[[Armenpress]] |date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127112346/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1065656/ |archive-date=27 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
| Rue Armenia
| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Dollard-des-Ormeaux]], Quebec, Canada
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue Armenia Dollard-des-Ormeaux, QC H9B, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+ArmeniaDollard-des-Ormeaux&ie=UTF-8&ei=uDHDUq_-CozesATFiIHADA&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[El Ejido]], [[Spain]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Calle Armenia, El Ejido, Spain|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Calle+Armenia,+El+Ejido,+Spain&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=36.772339,-2.799298&spn=0.002471,0.005284&sll=-23.641576,-46.49531&sspn=0.005651,0.010568&oq=calle+armenia&t=h&hnear=Calle+Armenia,+04700+El+Ejido,+Almer%C3%ADa,+Spain&z=18|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Avenue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Gardanne]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Avenue d'Arménie 13120 Gardanne, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=avenue+d%27arm%C3%A9nie+gardanne&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x12c993bf4139662f:0x1618c2b27e89b400,Avenue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+13120+Gardanne,+France&gl=us&ei=AXrCUqi7KoHroASz8oDADw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Zaułek Ormiański
| {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Gdańsk]], Poland
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Zaułek Ormiański Gdańsk, Poland |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Zau%C5%82ek+Ormia%C5%84ski+Gda%C5%84sk,+Poland+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x46fd73a2089f0223:0x86da57c9cba64183,Zau%C5%82ek+Ormia%C5%84ski,+Gda%C5%84sk,+Poland&gl=us&ei=6J3AUvqCAsmssAT854CQDg&ved=0CDEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, George Town|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|MAS}} [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], [[Penang]], Malaysia
|
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Gherla]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+405300+Gherla,+Romania/@45.818804,22.7024451,7z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4749bdbc389f8de1:0xc29fac189b558ad4!8m2!3d47.0301571!4d23.9105952!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F1vy7fc5_?entry=tts | title=Strada Armenească · 405300 Gherla, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Grenoble]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 38000 Grenoble, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=10+rue+d%27arm%C3%A9nie+grenoble&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x478af37fd5a9c689:0xdb2d1c9f33fd440,10+Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+38000+Grenoble,+France&gl=us&ei=1nnCUuKbO43koASg8oCwAg&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Ineu]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Romania/@46.424998,21.8418649,14.46z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4745f7690b7cc74b:0xeefcfe30082a5504!8m2!3d46.4186544!4d21.8463543!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F11fzv9rmkn?entry=tts | title=STR. Armenească · Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'ka St
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ivano-Frankivsk]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'ka+St,+Ivano-Frankivs'k,+Ivano-Frankivs'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+76000/@48.9225979,24.709054,648m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4730c16cb40dd94b:0x9c4755541bce803!8m2!3d48.9225944!4d24.7116289!16s%2Fg%2F122tpw9s?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D | title=Virmens'ka St }}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Market Square
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kamianets-Podilskyi]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/House+on+Armenian+Market+Square,+8/@48.6722795,26.5704647,652m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x4733c787268c7a5d:0x3df9da96d6cf7cb4!8m2!3d48.6730553!4d26.5724705!16s%2Fg%2F11f4qfbr69?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D |name=House on Armenian Market Square, 8}}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'kyi Ln
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kharkiv]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'kyi+Ln,+Kharkiv,+Kharkivs'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+61000/@49.9885628,36.2350891,634m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4127a0f3c63f9de1:0xb694c4732bd12b17!8m2!3d49.9885594!4d36.237664!16s%2Fg%2F1tcznxjz?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D |name=Virmens'kyi Ln}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Вірменська вулиця (Київ)|Virmenska vulytsya (Вірменська вулиця)]]
| {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Kyiv]], Ukraine
|
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Kladno]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Kladno, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Kladno,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=50.134334,14.137688&spn=0.09947,0.154324&sll=48.1449,17.204762&sspn=0.012943,0.01929&oq=Arm%C3%A9nska,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Kladno,+Czech+Republic&z=13|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Street
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kolkata]], India
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St, Avikar India Private Limited, Barabazar Market Kolkata, West Bengal, India|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenian+Street,+Barabazar+Market,+Kolkata,+West+Bengal,+India&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x3a0277b0f32c58c7:0x7ea2477f531fc84c,Armenian+St,+Barabazar+Market,+Kolkata,+West+Bengal,+India&gl=us&ei=0OhwULKPCYqr0AGCkoDwAw&ved=0CCEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Larnaca]], [[Cyprus]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Larnaca, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Aradippou,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.936889,33.614656&spn=0.002401,0.005284&sll=35.151916,33.41217&sspn=0.080704,0.169086&oq=Armenias,+&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&z=18&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Limassol]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Agios Athanasios, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Agios+Athanasios,+Limassol,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.724684,33.067989&spn=0.077034,0.169086&sll=34.70634,33.053484&sspn=0.038526,0.084543&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Agios+Athanasios,+Limassol+4105,+Cyprus&z=13|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Livadia, Larnaca|Livadhia]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Livadhia, Larnaca, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Livadhia,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.953581,33.622456&spn=0.009603,0.021136&sll=34.936889,33.614656&sspn=0.002401,0.005284&oq=Armenias,+&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Livadhia,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} {{ill|Lunca (C.A. Rosetti), Buzău|lt=Lunca|ro}}, Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Lunca,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x40b114fdf5bffa11:0x88818a411b725f99!8m2!3d45.0074647!4d27.2071305!16s%2Fg%2F11rd94h1b0?entry=ttu | title=STR. Armenească · Lunca, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:uk:Вулиця Вірменська (Львів)|Vulytsya Virmenska (Вулиця Вірменська)]]
| {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Lviv]], Ukraine
|
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Lyon]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 69003 Lyon, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie+69003+Lyon,+France+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF8&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&spell=1|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Mioveni]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+115400+Mioveni,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8.46z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x40b2b94c60abf625:0x4273d2cf5e95d88e!8m2!3d44.9064425!4d24.9037066!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F11gcdnhrq4?entry=tts | title=STR. Armenească · 115400 Mioveni, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armeneasca
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Mogoșoaia]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasca,+Mogo%C8%99oaia,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x40b204fadec75d2b:0x7976ff3fa7d5299c!8m2!3d44.5261173!4d25.9856068!16s%2Fg%2F1tlwd49t?entry=ttu | title=STR. Armeneasca · Mogoșoaia, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'ka St
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Molodizhne]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'ka+St,+Molodizhne/@44.9902858,34.0774065,174m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x40eae78491ffe39d:0x8681657b780baf41!8m2!3d44.990282!4d34.0783399!16s%2Fg%2F1tdflt84?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D | title=Virmens'ka St }}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Armenia
| {{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Montevideo]], Uruguay
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=PLAZA ARMENIA, Tomás de Tezanos, Montevideo, Montevideo Department, Uruguay|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=montevideo%20armenia&psj=1&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.52164340,d.dmg,pv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O&biw=1280&bih=628&dpr=1&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&sa=N&tab=wl|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=16 September 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Армянский переулок (Москва)|Armyanskiy pereulok (Армянский переулок)]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Moscow]], Russia
|
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Nice, France|Nice]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie Nice, France|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=rue+D%27Arm%C3%A9nie+nice,+france&ie=UTF8&client=firefox-a&hnear=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+06000+Nice,+Alpes-Maritimes,+Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te+d%27Azur,+France&gl=us&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Nicosia]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Strovolos, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Strovolos,+Nicosia,+Cyprus&hl=en&sll=34.840859,33.392944&sspn=2.592186,5.410767&oq=armenias&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Strovolos,+Nicosia,+Cyprus&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'kyi Ln
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Odessa]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Virmens'kyi Ln, Odessa|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'kyi+Ln,+Odesa,+Odes'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+65000/@46.4938519,30.7323298,170m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x40c631b89bc5383b:0xb6fa71b89035814b!8m2!3d46.4938482!4d30.7332632!16s%2Fg%2F1tdcvm5r?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
|Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Porto, Portugal|Porto]], [[Portugal]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua da Arménia, Porto, Portugal|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+da+Arm%C3%A9nia,+Porto,+Portugal&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=41.142166,-8.618726&spn=0.001161,0.002642&sll=-12.909351,-38.405175&sspn=0.001503,0.002642&oq=Rua+da+Arm%C3%AAnia&t=h&hnear=Rua+da+Arm%C3%A9nia,+Porto,+Portugal&z=19|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Prague]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Praha-Vršovice, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Vr%C5%A1ovice,+Prague-Prague+10,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=49.757316,16.451683&sspn=0.200503,0.308647&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1+1372/10,+101+00+Praha,+Czech+Republic&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Armenia
| {{flagicon|CHL}} [[Puerto Williams]], Chile
| {{center|<ref>{{cite news|title=Prominent Argentine businessman opens Plaza Armenia in Puerto Williams|url=http://www.acercandonaciones.com/en/cultura/destacado-empresario-argentino-inaugura-plaza-armenia-en-puerto-williams.html|accessdate=21 October 2012|agency=Acercando Naciones|archive-date=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235747/http://www.acercandonaciones.com/en/cultura/destacado-empresario-argentino-inaugura-plaza-armenia-en-puerto-williams.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Armenia square opens in Chile|url=http://news.am/eng/news/91265.html|accessdate=21 October 2012|date=30 January 2012|agency=News.am}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ribeirão das Neves]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Conjunto Henrique Sapori Ribeirão das Neves - MG, 33823-030, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Conjunto+Henrique+Sapori,+Ribeir%C3%A3o+das+Neves+-+Minas+Gerais,+33823-030,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=-19.766815,-44.139107&spn=0.001451,0.002642&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FZph0v4d9Xxe_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Conjunto+Henrique+Sapori,+Minas+Gerais,+33823-030,+Brazil&t=h&z=19&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Paraíso, São Gonçalo - Rio de Janeiro, 24431-460, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Para%C3%ADso,+S%C3%A3o+Gon%C3%A7alo+-+Rio+de+Janeiro,+24431-460,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FTeko_4dBKJu_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Para%C3%ADso,+Rio+de+Janeiro,+24431-460,+Brazil&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armayanskaya ulitsa (Армянская улица)
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rostov-on-Don]], Russia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armyanskaya ulitsa Rostov-na-Donu, Rostovskaya oblast', Russia|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83.&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40e3b7dd82d75979:0x5a44978d3bf80753,Armyanskaya+ulitsa,+Rostov-na-Donu,+Russia&gl=us&ei=eYGEUJ7cDKm30AG25YFA&ved=0CB8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Presidente Altino Osasco - SP, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Presidente+Altino,+Osasco+-+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FYQDmf4dk2U2_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Presidente+Altino,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Santana São Paulo - SP, 02451-060, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+Santana,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=-23.498239,-46.644323&spn=0.005372,0.010568&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=37.956457,86.572266&oq=rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+&t=h&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Santana,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+02451-060,+Brazil&z=17|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia, Jardim Passárgada I, São Paulo, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+Jardim+Pass%C3%A1rgada+I,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=-23.498239,-46.644323&sspn=0.005372,0.010568&oq=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+&t=h&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Jardim+Pass%C3%A1rgada+I,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+06712-215,+Brazil&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Sevilla]], [[Spain]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Calle Armenia, Utrera, Sevilla, Spain|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Calle+Armenia,+Utrera,+Spain&hl=en&ll=37.188023,-5.776234&spn=0.004915,0.010568&sll=36.772339,-2.799298&sspn=0.002471,0.005284&oq=Calle+Armenia,+&t=h&hnear=Calle+Armenia,+41710+Utrera,+Sevilla,+Spain&z=17|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Road
| {{flagicon|US}} [[Sherman (town), New York|Sherman, New York]], United States
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian Rd Sherman, NY 14781|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenian+Rd+Sherman,+NY+14781&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x882d59e95dd52f55:0x8ca2495b4bbaf564,Armenian+Rd,+Sherman,+NY+14781&gl=us&ei=--hwUK-IIYnj0gG_toCYAg&ved=0CCQQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, Singapore|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|SIN}} [[Singapore]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St Singapore|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40c97c30011730e5:0xcd290dddc2c24c0,%D1%83%D0%BB.+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,+Chisinau,+Moldova&gl=us&ei=N_pTUOyjKuXs0gHt4YDwDQ&ved=0CCMQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Suceava]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Suceava,+Romania/@45.5116936,23.669242,7z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4734fc2517bbb5b1:0xc952211b8877c05b!8m2!3d47.6483756!4d26.2557709!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F1tcxnfj_?entry=tts | title=Strada Armenească · Suceava, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Svitavy]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Svitavy, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Svitavy,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=49.757316,16.451683&spn=0.200503,0.308647&sll=50.134334,14.137688&sspn=0.09947,0.154324&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Svitavy,+Czech+Republic&z=12|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| North Armenia Avenue
| {{flagicon|US}} [[Tampa, Florida]], United States
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=N Armenia Ave Tampa, FL|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=N+Armenia+Ave+Tampa,+FL&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x88c2c1513af80249:0xd6f692881226ab19,N+Armenia+Ave,+Tampa,+FL&gl=us&ei=KH_BUp6WKbPNsATk04HwDA&ved=0CC4Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=30 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'ka St
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Valence, Drôme|Valence]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Virmens'ka St |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'ka+St,+Uzhhorod,+Zakarpats'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+88000/@48.6340899,22.2822866,652m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4739183708d96c3b:0x4402bbc467c8277e!8m2!3d48.6340864!4d22.2848615!16s%2Fg%2F1tj51ccc?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Valence, Drôme|Valence]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 26000 Valence, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=rue+d%27armenie+valence&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x47f559d4a09885d9:0x34253b016b83b8ab,Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+26000+Valence,+France&gl=us&ei=jXnCUuydA8T8oATdi4DIAw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenierplatz<ref>The [[Armenian Apostolic]] [[Rhipsime|St. Hripsime]] Church is located there</ref>
| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Vienna]], Austria
| {{center|<ref>[[:File:Armenierplatz 01.JPG]]</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Vironas]], Greece
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Vironas, Greece|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Vironas,+Greece&hl=en&ll=37.945551,23.772976&spn=0.00973,0.021136&sll=34.722567,33.067989&sspn=0.081128,0.169086&oq=Armenias,+greec&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Vironas,+Greece&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Армянская улица (Владикавказ)|Armayanskaya ulitsa (Армянская улица)]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Vladikavkaz]], Russia
|
|-
| Ormiańska street
| {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Zamość]], Poland
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Ormiańska Zamość, Poland|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Ormia%C5%84ska+zamosc&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&hnear=Ormia%C5%84ska,+Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87,+lubelskie,+Poland&gl=us&t=h&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
|}

==Other==
[[File:Brug293-1a.jpg|thumbnail|Armenian Bridge (''Armeensebrug'') and Armenian Apostolic Church (the yellow building on the left) in [[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]]]]

;Metro stations
*{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Armênia (São Paulo Metro)|Armênia]], a [[São Paulo Metro]] station

;Parks
*{{flagicon|US}} [[Armenian Heritage Park]], Boston, Massachusetts
*{{flagicon|Canada}} Parc de l'Arménie, Montreal<ref>{{cite web|title=Parc de l'Arménie Montreal, QC H4J 1L4, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Parc+de+l'Armenie+Montreal&ie=UTF-8&ei=OH_CUuXVC-3ksATV74CADw&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>

;Rivers
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Mureș (river)#Tributaries|Ormeniș]], tributary of the [[Mureș (river)|Mureș]] in [[Transylvania]], Romania
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Olt (river)#Tributaries|Ormeniș]], tributary of the [[Olt (river)|Olt]], Romania

;Other
*{{flagicon|Netherlands}} {{ill|Armeensebrug|nl}} (''Armenian Bridge''), [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands <ref>{{cite web |title=Armeensebrug, brug 293 in de Keizerstraat over de Krom Boomssloot. |url=https://www.bruggenvanamsterdam.nl/kromboomssloot_hoek_korte_keizer.htm |website=www.bruggenvanamsterdam.nl |accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Armenia Dam]], in the Leeu River, near [[Hobhouse, Free State|Hobhouse]], [[Free State (South African province)|Free State]], South Africa<ref>{{cite web |title=South Africa |url=http://diaspora.gov.am/en/pages/39/southafrica |website=diaspora.gov.am |publisher=Office of the High Commissioner for Diaspora Affairs of Armenia |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210501175743/http://diaspora.gov.am/en/diasporas/23/southafrica |archive-date=1 May 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Places named after Armenia}}
[[Category:Armenia geography-related lists|Places named after Armenia]]
[[Category:Lists of place names|Armenia]]

List of places named after Armenia

2024-09-09T02:20:54Z

RaffiKojian: /* Streets and squares */ adding some Armenian Streets in Ukraine

{{short description|Places named after Armenia}}
{{expand list|date=December 2013}}
[[File:Av Bolívar desde ASW.jpg|thumb|[[Armenia, Colombia]], a town of 300,000 is the largest town in the world named Armenia.]]

Numerous cities, towns, villages and streets around the world are named after [[Armenia]]. Some of them are listed below.

==Settlements==
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
;Americas
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Armenia, Colombia]]
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Armenia, Antioquia]], Colombia
* {{flagicon|Belize}} [[Armenia, Belize]]
* {{flagicon|Ecuador}} [[Armenia, Ecuador]]
* {{flagicon|El Salvador}} [[Armenia, Sonsonate]], El Salvador
* {{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Nueva Armenia]], [[Honduras]]
* {{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Armenia Bonito, Atlántida]], Honduras
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia, Wisconsin]]
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia Gardens Estates]], Tampa, Florida
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia Township, Pennsylvania]]
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Little Armenia, Los Angeles|Little Armenia]], [[East Hollywood]], Los Angeles, California
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Old Armenian Town, Fresno, California]]
{{Col-2}}
;Asia
* [[Armenian Quarter]] of the [[Old City of Jerusalem]]
* {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Armanitola]], [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
* {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Armenikend]], [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]] (formerly)
;Europe
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Armeniș]], Romania
* {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Armenoi]], Crete, Greece
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[San Lazzaro degli Armeni]], Italy
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Armyansk]], [[Crimea]], [[Russia]]
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[:ru:Армянский (Апшеронский район)|Armyanskiy]], Apsheronskiy rayon, Krasnodar Krai, Russia
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[:ru:Армянский (Крымский район)|Armyanskiy]], Krymskiy rayon, [[Krasnodar Krai]], Russia
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Gherla]], Romania - was once known as Armenopolis
* {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[:hu:Örményes (Magyarország)|Örményes]], Hungary
* {{flagicon|Greece}} Ormos Armenis (Όρμος Αρμένης), [[Oia, Greece]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Ormos Armenis 847 02 Greece |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%CE%8C%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%91%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82&ie=UTF-8&ei=iEXDUuPpKazisASByYHQDQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Urmeniș]], Romania
{{Col-end}}

==Streets and squares==
[[File:Armenias Street sign in Nicosia, Cyprus 2022.jpg|thumbnail|Armenias Street in [[Nicosia]], [[Cyprus]].]]
[[Image:Lebuh Armenian Penang Dec 2006 002.jpg|thumb|[[Armenian Street, George Town|Armenian Street]] in [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], [[Penang]], [[Malaysia]]]]
[[File:Вулиця Вірменська Львів.jpg|thumb|Armenian Street in [[Old Town (Lviv)|Lviv's Old Town]] ]]
[[File:Armenierplatz 01.JPG|thumb|Armenian Square (Armenierplatz) in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]]]
[[File:Ormianska1.JPG|thumb|The Armenian Houses of [[Zamość]], [[Poland]] built by 17th century Armenian merchants<ref>{{cite book|last=Bedford|first=Neal|title=Poland.|year=2008|publisher=Lonely Planet|location=Footscray, Vic.|isbn=978-1741044799|page=252|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qe3UzP5I2vsC|edition=6th}}</ref>]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="width:20em" |Name
! style="width:20em" |Location
! style="width:2em" |Ref
|-
| Armenia Drive
| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Bedford, Nova Scotia]], Canada
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia Dr Bedford, NS B4A 4H6, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenia+Dr+Bedford,+NS+B4A+4H6,+Canada+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x4b598a170dcab019:0x4e2564ab99b96cd,Armenia+Dr,+Bedford,+NS+B4A+4H6,+Canada&gl=us&ei=-H7CUtO6FvPKsATs9oGoDQ&ved=0CDEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenia Street
| {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Beirut]], Lebanon
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia St, Beirut, Lebanon |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenia+St,+Beirut,+Lebanon&ie=UTF-8&ei=wX_CUortIbKlsQSmzICgDQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenische Straße
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Berlin]], Germany
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenische Straße 13349 Berlin, Germany |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=armenische+stra%C3%9Fe+berlin&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x47a853d306b93a8f:0x552768c62eeca371,Armenische+Stra%C3%9Fe,+D-13349+Berlin,+Germany&gl=us&ei=ZXrCUrOmK8y6oQTmlYLQAw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Bratislava]], Slovakia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Bratislava-Vrakuňa, Slovakia |url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nska,+Bratislava,+Slovakia&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=48.1449,17.204762&spn=0.012943,0.01929&sll=49.168966,16.583433&sspn=0.050731,0.077162&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nska,+Bratislava,+Slovakia&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Brno]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Brno-Brno-Bohunice,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=49.168966,16.583433&spn=0.050731,0.077162&sll=53.800651,-4.064941&sspn=11.74868,19.753418&oq=armens&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Brno-Bohunice,+Czech+Republic&z=14&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Bucharest]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Strada Armenească București, Romania|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=Str+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Bucharest,+Romania&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40b1ff371b6fa5cf:0x5fb74ed87177b516,Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Bucure%C8%99ti,+Romania&gl=us&ei=aWCDULzAF_G10AG_1IFY&ved=0CCAQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Örmény utca
| {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Budapest]], Hungary
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Budapest, Örmény utca, Hungary|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Budapest,+%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+utca,+Hungary&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=47.197275,20.582482&sspn=0.026361,0.038581&oq=%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+ut&t=h&hnear=1103+Budapest,+%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+utca,+Hungary&z=17|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Inmigrantes de Armenia
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Plaza Armenia Costa Rica, City of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Plaza+Armenia+Buenos+Aires&ie=UTF-8&ei=13zCUrKdLqmysASZ7IDoDA&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} Buenos Aires, Argentina
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Mapa de Calle Armenia|url=http://www.derutasydestinos.com/calles_capital_federal_armenia.html|publisher=deRutasyDestinos.com|accessdate=11 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Armenie
| {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Casablanca]], Morocco
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d Armenie Dar-el-Beida, Morocco |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=rue+Armenie+Casablanca&ie=UTF-8&ei=_YHCUsH1C6LjsAT6zYHAAQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, Chennai|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|India}} [[Chennai]], India
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St, George Town Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India |url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=armenian+street+chennai&ll=13.197165,79.870605&spn=5.837727,10.821533&client=firefox-a&hnear=Armenian+St,+George+Town,+Chennai,+Tamil+Nadu,+India&gl=us&t=h&z=7|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'ka St.
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Chernivtsi]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Virmens'ka St |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'ka+St,+Chernivtsi,+Chernivets'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+58000/@48.2892696,25.9377805,656m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x47340896ef7029b5:0x855cb7a31fed33b9!8m2!3d48.2892661!4d25.9403554!16s%2Fg%2F1vnthnkr?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ro:Strada Armenească din Chișinău|Strada Armenească]]
| {{flagicon|Moldova}} [[Chișinău]], [[Moldova]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=ул. Армянская Chisinau, Moldova|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40c97c30011730e5:0xcd290dddc2c24c0,%D1%83%D0%BB.+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,+Chisinau,+Moldova&gl=us&ei=N_pTUOyjKuXs0gHt4YDwDQ&ved=0CCMQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Armenie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Clamart]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie Clamart, France|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+D%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+paris&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=48.814586,2.260834&sspn=0.004062,0.010568&t=h&gl=us&hnear=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+92140+Clamart,+Hauts-de-Seine,+%C3%8Ele-de-France,+France&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:fr:Esplanade d'Arménie|Esplanade d'Arménie]]
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], France
| align=center|<ref>{{cite news |title=One of central parts of Paris named after Armenia |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1065656 |agency=[[Armenpress]] |date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127112346/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1065656/ |archive-date=27 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
| Rue Armenia
| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Dollard-des-Ormeaux]], Quebec, Canada
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue Armenia Dollard-des-Ormeaux, QC H9B, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+ArmeniaDollard-des-Ormeaux&ie=UTF-8&ei=uDHDUq_-CozesATFiIHADA&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[El Ejido]], [[Spain]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Calle Armenia, El Ejido, Spain|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Calle+Armenia,+El+Ejido,+Spain&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=36.772339,-2.799298&spn=0.002471,0.005284&sll=-23.641576,-46.49531&sspn=0.005651,0.010568&oq=calle+armenia&t=h&hnear=Calle+Armenia,+04700+El+Ejido,+Almer%C3%ADa,+Spain&z=18|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Avenue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Gardanne]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Avenue d'Arménie 13120 Gardanne, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=avenue+d%27arm%C3%A9nie+gardanne&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x12c993bf4139662f:0x1618c2b27e89b400,Avenue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+13120+Gardanne,+France&gl=us&ei=AXrCUqi7KoHroASz8oDADw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Zaułek Ormiański
| {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Gdańsk]], Poland
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Zaułek Ormiański Gdańsk, Poland |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Zau%C5%82ek+Ormia%C5%84ski+Gda%C5%84sk,+Poland+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x46fd73a2089f0223:0x86da57c9cba64183,Zau%C5%82ek+Ormia%C5%84ski,+Gda%C5%84sk,+Poland&gl=us&ei=6J3AUvqCAsmssAT854CQDg&ved=0CDEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, George Town|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|MAS}} [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], [[Penang]], Malaysia
|
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Gherla]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+405300+Gherla,+Romania/@45.818804,22.7024451,7z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4749bdbc389f8de1:0xc29fac189b558ad4!8m2!3d47.0301571!4d23.9105952!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F1vy7fc5_?entry=tts | title=Strada Armenească · 405300 Gherla, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Grenoble]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 38000 Grenoble, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=10+rue+d%27arm%C3%A9nie+grenoble&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x478af37fd5a9c689:0xdb2d1c9f33fd440,10+Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+38000+Grenoble,+France&gl=us&ei=1nnCUuKbO43koASg8oCwAg&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Ineu]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Romania/@46.424998,21.8418649,14.46z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4745f7690b7cc74b:0xeefcfe30082a5504!8m2!3d46.4186544!4d21.8463543!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F11fzv9rmkn?entry=tts | title=STR. Armenească · Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'ka St
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ivano-Frankivsk]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'ka+St,+Ivano-Frankivs'k,+Ivano-Frankivs'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+76000/@48.9225979,24.709054,648m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4730c16cb40dd94b:0x9c4755541bce803!8m2!3d48.9225944!4d24.7116289!16s%2Fg%2F122tpw9s?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D | title=Virmens'ka St }}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Market Square
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kamianets-Podilskyi]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/House+on+Armenian+Market+Square,+8/@48.6722795,26.5704647,652m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x4733c787268c7a5d:0x3df9da96d6cf7cb4!8m2!3d48.6730553!4d26.5724705!16s%2Fg%2F11f4qfbr69?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D |name=House on Armenian Market Square, 8}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Вірменська вулиця (Київ)|Virmenska vulytsya (Вірменська вулиця)]]
| {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Kyiv]], Ukraine
|
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Kladno]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Kladno, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Kladno,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=50.134334,14.137688&spn=0.09947,0.154324&sll=48.1449,17.204762&sspn=0.012943,0.01929&oq=Arm%C3%A9nska,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Kladno,+Czech+Republic&z=13|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Street
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kolkata]], India
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St, Avikar India Private Limited, Barabazar Market Kolkata, West Bengal, India|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenian+Street,+Barabazar+Market,+Kolkata,+West+Bengal,+India&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x3a0277b0f32c58c7:0x7ea2477f531fc84c,Armenian+St,+Barabazar+Market,+Kolkata,+West+Bengal,+India&gl=us&ei=0OhwULKPCYqr0AGCkoDwAw&ved=0CCEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Larnaca]], [[Cyprus]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Larnaca, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Aradippou,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.936889,33.614656&spn=0.002401,0.005284&sll=35.151916,33.41217&sspn=0.080704,0.169086&oq=Armenias,+&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&z=18&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Limassol]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Agios Athanasios, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Agios+Athanasios,+Limassol,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.724684,33.067989&spn=0.077034,0.169086&sll=34.70634,33.053484&sspn=0.038526,0.084543&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Agios+Athanasios,+Limassol+4105,+Cyprus&z=13|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Livadia, Larnaca|Livadhia]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Livadhia, Larnaca, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Livadhia,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.953581,33.622456&spn=0.009603,0.021136&sll=34.936889,33.614656&sspn=0.002401,0.005284&oq=Armenias,+&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Livadhia,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} {{ill|Lunca (C.A. Rosetti), Buzău|lt=Lunca|ro}}, Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Lunca,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x40b114fdf5bffa11:0x88818a411b725f99!8m2!3d45.0074647!4d27.2071305!16s%2Fg%2F11rd94h1b0?entry=ttu | title=STR. Armenească · Lunca, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:uk:Вулиця Вірменська (Львів)|Vulytsya Virmenska (Вулиця Вірменська)]]
| {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Lviv]], Ukraine
|
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Lyon]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 69003 Lyon, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie+69003+Lyon,+France+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF8&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&spell=1|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Mioveni]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+115400+Mioveni,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8.46z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x40b2b94c60abf625:0x4273d2cf5e95d88e!8m2!3d44.9064425!4d24.9037066!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F11gcdnhrq4?entry=tts | title=STR. Armenească · 115400 Mioveni, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armeneasca
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Mogoșoaia]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasca,+Mogo%C8%99oaia,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x40b204fadec75d2b:0x7976ff3fa7d5299c!8m2!3d44.5261173!4d25.9856068!16s%2Fg%2F1tlwd49t?entry=ttu | title=STR. Armeneasca · Mogoșoaia, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'ka St
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Molodizhne]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'ka+St,+Molodizhne/@44.9902858,34.0774065,174m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x40eae78491ffe39d:0x8681657b780baf41!8m2!3d44.990282!4d34.0783399!16s%2Fg%2F1tdflt84?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D | title=Virmens'ka St }}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Armenia
| {{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Montevideo]], Uruguay
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=PLAZA ARMENIA, Tomás de Tezanos, Montevideo, Montevideo Department, Uruguay|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=montevideo%20armenia&psj=1&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.52164340,d.dmg,pv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O&biw=1280&bih=628&dpr=1&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&sa=N&tab=wl|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=16 September 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Армянский переулок (Москва)|Armyanskiy pereulok (Армянский переулок)]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Moscow]], Russia
|
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Nice, France|Nice]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie Nice, France|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=rue+D%27Arm%C3%A9nie+nice,+france&ie=UTF8&client=firefox-a&hnear=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+06000+Nice,+Alpes-Maritimes,+Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te+d%27Azur,+France&gl=us&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Nicosia]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Strovolos, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Strovolos,+Nicosia,+Cyprus&hl=en&sll=34.840859,33.392944&sspn=2.592186,5.410767&oq=armenias&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Strovolos,+Nicosia,+Cyprus&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'kyi Ln
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Odessa]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Virmens'kyi Ln, Odessa|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'kyi+Ln,+Odesa,+Odes'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+65000/@46.4938519,30.7323298,170m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x40c631b89bc5383b:0xb6fa71b89035814b!8m2!3d46.4938482!4d30.7332632!16s%2Fg%2F1tdcvm5r?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
|Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Porto, Portugal|Porto]], [[Portugal]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua da Arménia, Porto, Portugal|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+da+Arm%C3%A9nia,+Porto,+Portugal&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=41.142166,-8.618726&spn=0.001161,0.002642&sll=-12.909351,-38.405175&sspn=0.001503,0.002642&oq=Rua+da+Arm%C3%AAnia&t=h&hnear=Rua+da+Arm%C3%A9nia,+Porto,+Portugal&z=19|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Prague]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Praha-Vršovice, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Vr%C5%A1ovice,+Prague-Prague+10,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=49.757316,16.451683&sspn=0.200503,0.308647&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1+1372/10,+101+00+Praha,+Czech+Republic&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Armenia
| {{flagicon|CHL}} [[Puerto Williams]], Chile
| {{center|<ref>{{cite news|title=Prominent Argentine businessman opens Plaza Armenia in Puerto Williams|url=http://www.acercandonaciones.com/en/cultura/destacado-empresario-argentino-inaugura-plaza-armenia-en-puerto-williams.html|accessdate=21 October 2012|agency=Acercando Naciones|archive-date=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235747/http://www.acercandonaciones.com/en/cultura/destacado-empresario-argentino-inaugura-plaza-armenia-en-puerto-williams.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Armenia square opens in Chile|url=http://news.am/eng/news/91265.html|accessdate=21 October 2012|date=30 January 2012|agency=News.am}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ribeirão das Neves]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Conjunto Henrique Sapori Ribeirão das Neves - MG, 33823-030, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Conjunto+Henrique+Sapori,+Ribeir%C3%A3o+das+Neves+-+Minas+Gerais,+33823-030,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=-19.766815,-44.139107&spn=0.001451,0.002642&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FZph0v4d9Xxe_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Conjunto+Henrique+Sapori,+Minas+Gerais,+33823-030,+Brazil&t=h&z=19&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Paraíso, São Gonçalo - Rio de Janeiro, 24431-460, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Para%C3%ADso,+S%C3%A3o+Gon%C3%A7alo+-+Rio+de+Janeiro,+24431-460,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FTeko_4dBKJu_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Para%C3%ADso,+Rio+de+Janeiro,+24431-460,+Brazil&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armayanskaya ulitsa (Армянская улица)
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rostov-on-Don]], Russia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armyanskaya ulitsa Rostov-na-Donu, Rostovskaya oblast', Russia|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83.&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40e3b7dd82d75979:0x5a44978d3bf80753,Armyanskaya+ulitsa,+Rostov-na-Donu,+Russia&gl=us&ei=eYGEUJ7cDKm30AG25YFA&ved=0CB8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Presidente Altino Osasco - SP, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Presidente+Altino,+Osasco+-+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FYQDmf4dk2U2_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Presidente+Altino,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Santana São Paulo - SP, 02451-060, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+Santana,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=-23.498239,-46.644323&spn=0.005372,0.010568&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=37.956457,86.572266&oq=rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+&t=h&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Santana,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+02451-060,+Brazil&z=17|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia, Jardim Passárgada I, São Paulo, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+Jardim+Pass%C3%A1rgada+I,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=-23.498239,-46.644323&sspn=0.005372,0.010568&oq=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+&t=h&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Jardim+Pass%C3%A1rgada+I,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+06712-215,+Brazil&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Sevilla]], [[Spain]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Calle Armenia, Utrera, Sevilla, Spain|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Calle+Armenia,+Utrera,+Spain&hl=en&ll=37.188023,-5.776234&spn=0.004915,0.010568&sll=36.772339,-2.799298&sspn=0.002471,0.005284&oq=Calle+Armenia,+&t=h&hnear=Calle+Armenia,+41710+Utrera,+Sevilla,+Spain&z=17|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Road
| {{flagicon|US}} [[Sherman (town), New York|Sherman, New York]], United States
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian Rd Sherman, NY 14781|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenian+Rd+Sherman,+NY+14781&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x882d59e95dd52f55:0x8ca2495b4bbaf564,Armenian+Rd,+Sherman,+NY+14781&gl=us&ei=--hwUK-IIYnj0gG_toCYAg&ved=0CCQQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, Singapore|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|SIN}} [[Singapore]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St Singapore|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40c97c30011730e5:0xcd290dddc2c24c0,%D1%83%D0%BB.+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,+Chisinau,+Moldova&gl=us&ei=N_pTUOyjKuXs0gHt4YDwDQ&ved=0CCMQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Suceava]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Suceava,+Romania/@45.5116936,23.669242,7z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4734fc2517bbb5b1:0xc952211b8877c05b!8m2!3d47.6483756!4d26.2557709!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F1tcxnfj_?entry=tts | title=Strada Armenească · Suceava, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Svitavy]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Svitavy, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Svitavy,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=49.757316,16.451683&spn=0.200503,0.308647&sll=50.134334,14.137688&sspn=0.09947,0.154324&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Svitavy,+Czech+Republic&z=12|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| North Armenia Avenue
| {{flagicon|US}} [[Tampa, Florida]], United States
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=N Armenia Ave Tampa, FL|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=N+Armenia+Ave+Tampa,+FL&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x88c2c1513af80249:0xd6f692881226ab19,N+Armenia+Ave,+Tampa,+FL&gl=us&ei=KH_BUp6WKbPNsATk04HwDA&ved=0CC4Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=30 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Virmens'ka St
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Valence, Drôme|Valence]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Virmens'ka St |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Virmens'ka+St,+Uzhhorod,+Zakarpats'ka+oblast,+Ukraine,+88000/@48.6340899,22.2822866,652m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4739183708d96c3b:0x4402bbc467c8277e!8m2!3d48.6340864!4d22.2848615!16s%2Fg%2F1tj51ccc?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=8 September 2024}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Valence, Drôme|Valence]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 26000 Valence, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=rue+d%27armenie+valence&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x47f559d4a09885d9:0x34253b016b83b8ab,Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+26000+Valence,+France&gl=us&ei=jXnCUuydA8T8oATdi4DIAw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenierplatz<ref>The [[Armenian Apostolic]] [[Rhipsime|St. Hripsime]] Church is located there</ref>
| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Vienna]], Austria
| {{center|<ref>[[:File:Armenierplatz 01.JPG]]</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Vironas]], Greece
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Vironas, Greece|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Vironas,+Greece&hl=en&ll=37.945551,23.772976&spn=0.00973,0.021136&sll=34.722567,33.067989&sspn=0.081128,0.169086&oq=Armenias,+greec&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Vironas,+Greece&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Армянская улица (Владикавказ)|Armayanskaya ulitsa (Армянская улица)]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Vladikavkaz]], Russia
|
|-
| Ormiańska street
| {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Zamość]], Poland
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Ormiańska Zamość, Poland|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Ormia%C5%84ska+zamosc&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&hnear=Ormia%C5%84ska,+Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87,+lubelskie,+Poland&gl=us&t=h&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
|}

==Other==
[[File:Brug293-1a.jpg|thumbnail|Armenian Bridge (''Armeensebrug'') and Armenian Apostolic Church (the yellow building on the left) in [[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]]]]

;Metro stations
*{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Armênia (São Paulo Metro)|Armênia]], a [[São Paulo Metro]] station

;Parks
*{{flagicon|US}} [[Armenian Heritage Park]], Boston, Massachusetts
*{{flagicon|Canada}} Parc de l'Arménie, Montreal<ref>{{cite web|title=Parc de l'Arménie Montreal, QC H4J 1L4, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Parc+de+l'Armenie+Montreal&ie=UTF-8&ei=OH_CUuXVC-3ksATV74CADw&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>

;Rivers
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Mureș (river)#Tributaries|Ormeniș]], tributary of the [[Mureș (river)|Mureș]] in [[Transylvania]], Romania
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Olt (river)#Tributaries|Ormeniș]], tributary of the [[Olt (river)|Olt]], Romania

;Other
*{{flagicon|Netherlands}} {{ill|Armeensebrug|nl}} (''Armenian Bridge''), [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands <ref>{{cite web |title=Armeensebrug, brug 293 in de Keizerstraat over de Krom Boomssloot. |url=https://www.bruggenvanamsterdam.nl/kromboomssloot_hoek_korte_keizer.htm |website=www.bruggenvanamsterdam.nl |accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Armenia Dam]], in the Leeu River, near [[Hobhouse, Free State|Hobhouse]], [[Free State (South African province)|Free State]], South Africa<ref>{{cite web |title=South Africa |url=http://diaspora.gov.am/en/pages/39/southafrica |website=diaspora.gov.am |publisher=Office of the High Commissioner for Diaspora Affairs of Armenia |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210501175743/http://diaspora.gov.am/en/diasporas/23/southafrica |archive-date=1 May 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Places named after Armenia}}
[[Category:Armenia geography-related lists|Places named after Armenia]]
[[Category:Lists of place names|Armenia]]

List of places named after Armenia

2024-09-09T02:05:48Z

RaffiKojian: /* Streets and squares */ Armenian Market Square

{{short description|Places named after Armenia}}
{{expand list|date=December 2013}}
[[File:Av Bolívar desde ASW.jpg|thumb|[[Armenia, Colombia]], a town of 300,000 is the largest town in the world named Armenia.]]

Numerous cities, towns, villages and streets around the world are named after [[Armenia]]. Some of them are listed below.

==Settlements==
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
;Americas
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Armenia, Colombia]]
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Armenia, Antioquia]], Colombia
* {{flagicon|Belize}} [[Armenia, Belize]]
* {{flagicon|Ecuador}} [[Armenia, Ecuador]]
* {{flagicon|El Salvador}} [[Armenia, Sonsonate]], El Salvador
* {{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Nueva Armenia]], [[Honduras]]
* {{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Armenia Bonito, Atlántida]], Honduras
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia, Wisconsin]]
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia Gardens Estates]], Tampa, Florida
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia Township, Pennsylvania]]
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Little Armenia, Los Angeles|Little Armenia]], [[East Hollywood]], Los Angeles, California
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Old Armenian Town, Fresno, California]]
{{Col-2}}
;Asia
* [[Armenian Quarter]] of the [[Old City of Jerusalem]]
* {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Armanitola]], [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
* {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Armenikend]], [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]] (formerly)
;Europe
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Armeniș]], Romania
* {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Armenoi]], Crete, Greece
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[San Lazzaro degli Armeni]], Italy
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Armyansk]], [[Crimea]], [[Russia]]
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[:ru:Армянский (Апшеронский район)|Armyanskiy]], Apsheronskiy rayon, Krasnodar Krai, Russia
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[:ru:Армянский (Крымский район)|Armyanskiy]], Krymskiy rayon, [[Krasnodar Krai]], Russia
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Gherla]], Romania - was once known as Armenopolis
* {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[:hu:Örményes (Magyarország)|Örményes]], Hungary
* {{flagicon|Greece}} Ormos Armenis (Όρμος Αρμένης), [[Oia, Greece]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Ormos Armenis 847 02 Greece |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%CE%8C%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%91%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82&ie=UTF-8&ei=iEXDUuPpKazisASByYHQDQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Urmeniș]], Romania
{{Col-end}}

==Streets and squares==
[[File:Armenias Street sign in Nicosia, Cyprus 2022.jpg|thumbnail|Armenias Street in [[Nicosia]], [[Cyprus]].]]
[[Image:Lebuh Armenian Penang Dec 2006 002.jpg|thumb|[[Armenian Street, George Town|Armenian Street]] in [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], [[Penang]], [[Malaysia]]]]
[[File:Вулиця Вірменська Львів.jpg|thumb|Armenian Street in [[Old Town (Lviv)|Lviv's Old Town]] ]]
[[File:Armenierplatz 01.JPG|thumb|Armenian Square (Armenierplatz) in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]]]
[[File:Ormianska1.JPG|thumb|The Armenian Houses of [[Zamość]], [[Poland]] built by 17th century Armenian merchants<ref>{{cite book|last=Bedford|first=Neal|title=Poland.|year=2008|publisher=Lonely Planet|location=Footscray, Vic.|isbn=978-1741044799|page=252|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qe3UzP5I2vsC|edition=6th}}</ref>]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="width:20em" |Name
! style="width:20em" |Location
! style="width:2em" |Ref
|-
| Armenia Drive
| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Bedford, Nova Scotia]], Canada
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia Dr Bedford, NS B4A 4H6, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenia+Dr+Bedford,+NS+B4A+4H6,+Canada+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x4b598a170dcab019:0x4e2564ab99b96cd,Armenia+Dr,+Bedford,+NS+B4A+4H6,+Canada&gl=us&ei=-H7CUtO6FvPKsATs9oGoDQ&ved=0CDEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenia Street
| {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Beirut]], Lebanon
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia St, Beirut, Lebanon |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenia+St,+Beirut,+Lebanon&ie=UTF-8&ei=wX_CUortIbKlsQSmzICgDQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenische Straße
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Berlin]], Germany
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenische Straße 13349 Berlin, Germany |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=armenische+stra%C3%9Fe+berlin&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x47a853d306b93a8f:0x552768c62eeca371,Armenische+Stra%C3%9Fe,+D-13349+Berlin,+Germany&gl=us&ei=ZXrCUrOmK8y6oQTmlYLQAw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Bratislava]], Slovakia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Bratislava-Vrakuňa, Slovakia |url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nska,+Bratislava,+Slovakia&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=48.1449,17.204762&spn=0.012943,0.01929&sll=49.168966,16.583433&sspn=0.050731,0.077162&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nska,+Bratislava,+Slovakia&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Brno]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Brno-Brno-Bohunice,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=49.168966,16.583433&spn=0.050731,0.077162&sll=53.800651,-4.064941&sspn=11.74868,19.753418&oq=armens&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Brno-Bohunice,+Czech+Republic&z=14&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Bucharest]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Strada Armenească București, Romania|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=Str+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Bucharest,+Romania&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40b1ff371b6fa5cf:0x5fb74ed87177b516,Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Bucure%C8%99ti,+Romania&gl=us&ei=aWCDULzAF_G10AG_1IFY&ved=0CCAQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Örmény utca
| {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Budapest]], Hungary
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Budapest, Örmény utca, Hungary|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Budapest,+%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+utca,+Hungary&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=47.197275,20.582482&sspn=0.026361,0.038581&oq=%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+ut&t=h&hnear=1103+Budapest,+%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+utca,+Hungary&z=17|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Inmigrantes de Armenia
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Plaza Armenia Costa Rica, City of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Plaza+Armenia+Buenos+Aires&ie=UTF-8&ei=13zCUrKdLqmysASZ7IDoDA&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} Buenos Aires, Argentina
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Mapa de Calle Armenia|url=http://www.derutasydestinos.com/calles_capital_federal_armenia.html|publisher=deRutasyDestinos.com|accessdate=11 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Armenie
| {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Casablanca]], Morocco
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d Armenie Dar-el-Beida, Morocco |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=rue+Armenie+Casablanca&ie=UTF-8&ei=_YHCUsH1C6LjsAT6zYHAAQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, Chennai|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|India}} [[Chennai]], India
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St, George Town Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India |url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=armenian+street+chennai&ll=13.197165,79.870605&spn=5.837727,10.821533&client=firefox-a&hnear=Armenian+St,+George+Town,+Chennai,+Tamil+Nadu,+India&gl=us&t=h&z=7|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ro:Strada Armenească din Chișinău|Strada Armenească]]
| {{flagicon|Moldova}} [[Chișinău]], [[Moldova]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=ул. Армянская Chisinau, Moldova|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40c97c30011730e5:0xcd290dddc2c24c0,%D1%83%D0%BB.+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,+Chisinau,+Moldova&gl=us&ei=N_pTUOyjKuXs0gHt4YDwDQ&ved=0CCMQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Armenie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Clamart]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie Clamart, France|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+D%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+paris&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=48.814586,2.260834&sspn=0.004062,0.010568&t=h&gl=us&hnear=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+92140+Clamart,+Hauts-de-Seine,+%C3%8Ele-de-France,+France&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:fr:Esplanade d'Arménie|Esplanade d'Arménie]]
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], France
| align=center|<ref>{{cite news |title=One of central parts of Paris named after Armenia |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1065656 |agency=[[Armenpress]] |date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127112346/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1065656/ |archive-date=27 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
| Rue Armenia
| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Dollard-des-Ormeaux]], Quebec, Canada
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue Armenia Dollard-des-Ormeaux, QC H9B, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+ArmeniaDollard-des-Ormeaux&ie=UTF-8&ei=uDHDUq_-CozesATFiIHADA&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[El Ejido]], [[Spain]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Calle Armenia, El Ejido, Spain|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Calle+Armenia,+El+Ejido,+Spain&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=36.772339,-2.799298&spn=0.002471,0.005284&sll=-23.641576,-46.49531&sspn=0.005651,0.010568&oq=calle+armenia&t=h&hnear=Calle+Armenia,+04700+El+Ejido,+Almer%C3%ADa,+Spain&z=18|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Avenue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Gardanne]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Avenue d'Arménie 13120 Gardanne, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=avenue+d%27arm%C3%A9nie+gardanne&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x12c993bf4139662f:0x1618c2b27e89b400,Avenue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+13120+Gardanne,+France&gl=us&ei=AXrCUqi7KoHroASz8oDADw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Zaułek Ormiański
| {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Gdańsk]], Poland
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Zaułek Ormiański Gdańsk, Poland |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Zau%C5%82ek+Ormia%C5%84ski+Gda%C5%84sk,+Poland+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x46fd73a2089f0223:0x86da57c9cba64183,Zau%C5%82ek+Ormia%C5%84ski,+Gda%C5%84sk,+Poland&gl=us&ei=6J3AUvqCAsmssAT854CQDg&ved=0CDEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, George Town|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|MAS}} [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], [[Penang]], Malaysia
|
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Gherla]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+405300+Gherla,+Romania/@45.818804,22.7024451,7z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4749bdbc389f8de1:0xc29fac189b558ad4!8m2!3d47.0301571!4d23.9105952!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F1vy7fc5_?entry=tts | title=Strada Armenească · 405300 Gherla, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Grenoble]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 38000 Grenoble, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=10+rue+d%27arm%C3%A9nie+grenoble&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x478af37fd5a9c689:0xdb2d1c9f33fd440,10+Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+38000+Grenoble,+France&gl=us&ei=1nnCUuKbO43koASg8oCwAg&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Ineu]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Romania/@46.424998,21.8418649,14.46z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4745f7690b7cc74b:0xeefcfe30082a5504!8m2!3d46.4186544!4d21.8463543!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F11fzv9rmkn?entry=tts | title=STR. Armenească · Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Market Square
| {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kamianets-Podilskyi]], Ukraine
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/House+on+Armenian+Market+Square,+8/@48.6722795,26.5704647,652m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x4733c787268c7a5d:0x3df9da96d6cf7cb4!8m2!3d48.6730553!4d26.5724705!16s%2Fg%2F11f4qfbr69?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MDkwNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D |name=House on Armenian Market Square, 8}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Вірменська вулиця (Київ)|Virmenska vulytsya (Вірменська вулиця)]]
| {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Kyiv]], Ukraine
|
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Kladno]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Kladno, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Kladno,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=50.134334,14.137688&spn=0.09947,0.154324&sll=48.1449,17.204762&sspn=0.012943,0.01929&oq=Arm%C3%A9nska,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Kladno,+Czech+Republic&z=13|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Street
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kolkata]], India
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St, Avikar India Private Limited, Barabazar Market Kolkata, West Bengal, India|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenian+Street,+Barabazar+Market,+Kolkata,+West+Bengal,+India&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x3a0277b0f32c58c7:0x7ea2477f531fc84c,Armenian+St,+Barabazar+Market,+Kolkata,+West+Bengal,+India&gl=us&ei=0OhwULKPCYqr0AGCkoDwAw&ved=0CCEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Larnaca]], [[Cyprus]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Larnaca, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Aradippou,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.936889,33.614656&spn=0.002401,0.005284&sll=35.151916,33.41217&sspn=0.080704,0.169086&oq=Armenias,+&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&z=18&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Limassol]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Agios Athanasios, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Agios+Athanasios,+Limassol,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.724684,33.067989&spn=0.077034,0.169086&sll=34.70634,33.053484&sspn=0.038526,0.084543&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Agios+Athanasios,+Limassol+4105,+Cyprus&z=13|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Livadia, Larnaca|Livadhia]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Livadhia, Larnaca, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Livadhia,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.953581,33.622456&spn=0.009603,0.021136&sll=34.936889,33.614656&sspn=0.002401,0.005284&oq=Armenias,+&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Livadhia,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} {{ill|Lunca (C.A. Rosetti), Buzău|lt=Lunca|ro}}, Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Lunca,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x40b114fdf5bffa11:0x88818a411b725f99!8m2!3d45.0074647!4d27.2071305!16s%2Fg%2F11rd94h1b0?entry=ttu | title=STR. Armenească · Lunca, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:uk:Вулиця Вірменська (Львів)|Vulytsya Virmenska (Вулиця Вірменська)]]
| {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Lviv]], Ukraine
|
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Lyon]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 69003 Lyon, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie+69003+Lyon,+France+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF8&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&spell=1|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Mioveni]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+115400+Mioveni,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8.46z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x40b2b94c60abf625:0x4273d2cf5e95d88e!8m2!3d44.9064425!4d24.9037066!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F11gcdnhrq4?entry=tts | title=STR. Armenească · 115400 Mioveni, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armeneasca
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Mogoșoaia]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasca,+Mogo%C8%99oaia,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x40b204fadec75d2b:0x7976ff3fa7d5299c!8m2!3d44.5261173!4d25.9856068!16s%2Fg%2F1tlwd49t?entry=ttu | title=STR. Armeneasca · Mogoșoaia, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Armenia
| {{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Montevideo]], Uruguay
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=PLAZA ARMENIA, Tomás de Tezanos, Montevideo, Montevideo Department, Uruguay|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=montevideo%20armenia&psj=1&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.52164340,d.dmg,pv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O&biw=1280&bih=628&dpr=1&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&sa=N&tab=wl|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=16 September 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Армянский переулок (Москва)|Armyanskiy pereulok (Армянский переулок)]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Moscow]], Russia
|
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Nice, France|Nice]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie Nice, France|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=rue+D%27Arm%C3%A9nie+nice,+france&ie=UTF8&client=firefox-a&hnear=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+06000+Nice,+Alpes-Maritimes,+Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te+d%27Azur,+France&gl=us&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Nicosia]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Strovolos, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Strovolos,+Nicosia,+Cyprus&hl=en&sll=34.840859,33.392944&sspn=2.592186,5.410767&oq=armenias&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Strovolos,+Nicosia,+Cyprus&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
|Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Porto, Portugal|Porto]], [[Portugal]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua da Arménia, Porto, Portugal|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+da+Arm%C3%A9nia,+Porto,+Portugal&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=41.142166,-8.618726&spn=0.001161,0.002642&sll=-12.909351,-38.405175&sspn=0.001503,0.002642&oq=Rua+da+Arm%C3%AAnia&t=h&hnear=Rua+da+Arm%C3%A9nia,+Porto,+Portugal&z=19|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Prague]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Praha-Vršovice, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Vr%C5%A1ovice,+Prague-Prague+10,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=49.757316,16.451683&sspn=0.200503,0.308647&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1+1372/10,+101+00+Praha,+Czech+Republic&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Armenia
| {{flagicon|CHL}} [[Puerto Williams]], Chile
| {{center|<ref>{{cite news|title=Prominent Argentine businessman opens Plaza Armenia in Puerto Williams|url=http://www.acercandonaciones.com/en/cultura/destacado-empresario-argentino-inaugura-plaza-armenia-en-puerto-williams.html|accessdate=21 October 2012|agency=Acercando Naciones|archive-date=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235747/http://www.acercandonaciones.com/en/cultura/destacado-empresario-argentino-inaugura-plaza-armenia-en-puerto-williams.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Armenia square opens in Chile|url=http://news.am/eng/news/91265.html|accessdate=21 October 2012|date=30 January 2012|agency=News.am}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ribeirão das Neves]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Conjunto Henrique Sapori Ribeirão das Neves - MG, 33823-030, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Conjunto+Henrique+Sapori,+Ribeir%C3%A3o+das+Neves+-+Minas+Gerais,+33823-030,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=-19.766815,-44.139107&spn=0.001451,0.002642&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FZph0v4d9Xxe_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Conjunto+Henrique+Sapori,+Minas+Gerais,+33823-030,+Brazil&t=h&z=19&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Paraíso, São Gonçalo - Rio de Janeiro, 24431-460, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Para%C3%ADso,+S%C3%A3o+Gon%C3%A7alo+-+Rio+de+Janeiro,+24431-460,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FTeko_4dBKJu_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Para%C3%ADso,+Rio+de+Janeiro,+24431-460,+Brazil&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armayanskaya ulitsa (Армянская улица)
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rostov-on-Don]], Russia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armyanskaya ulitsa Rostov-na-Donu, Rostovskaya oblast', Russia|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83.&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40e3b7dd82d75979:0x5a44978d3bf80753,Armyanskaya+ulitsa,+Rostov-na-Donu,+Russia&gl=us&ei=eYGEUJ7cDKm30AG25YFA&ved=0CB8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Presidente Altino Osasco - SP, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Presidente+Altino,+Osasco+-+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FYQDmf4dk2U2_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Presidente+Altino,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Santana São Paulo - SP, 02451-060, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+Santana,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=-23.498239,-46.644323&spn=0.005372,0.010568&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=37.956457,86.572266&oq=rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+&t=h&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Santana,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+02451-060,+Brazil&z=17|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia, Jardim Passárgada I, São Paulo, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+Jardim+Pass%C3%A1rgada+I,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=-23.498239,-46.644323&sspn=0.005372,0.010568&oq=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+&t=h&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Jardim+Pass%C3%A1rgada+I,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+06712-215,+Brazil&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Sevilla]], [[Spain]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Calle Armenia, Utrera, Sevilla, Spain|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Calle+Armenia,+Utrera,+Spain&hl=en&ll=37.188023,-5.776234&spn=0.004915,0.010568&sll=36.772339,-2.799298&sspn=0.002471,0.005284&oq=Calle+Armenia,+&t=h&hnear=Calle+Armenia,+41710+Utrera,+Sevilla,+Spain&z=17|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Road
| {{flagicon|US}} [[Sherman (town), New York|Sherman, New York]], United States
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian Rd Sherman, NY 14781|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenian+Rd+Sherman,+NY+14781&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x882d59e95dd52f55:0x8ca2495b4bbaf564,Armenian+Rd,+Sherman,+NY+14781&gl=us&ei=--hwUK-IIYnj0gG_toCYAg&ved=0CCQQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, Singapore|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|SIN}} [[Singapore]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St Singapore|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40c97c30011730e5:0xcd290dddc2c24c0,%D1%83%D0%BB.+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,+Chisinau,+Moldova&gl=us&ei=N_pTUOyjKuXs0gHt4YDwDQ&ved=0CCMQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Suceava]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Suceava,+Romania/@45.5116936,23.669242,7z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4734fc2517bbb5b1:0xc952211b8877c05b!8m2!3d47.6483756!4d26.2557709!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F1tcxnfj_?entry=tts | title=Strada Armenească · Suceava, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Svitavy]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Svitavy, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Svitavy,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=49.757316,16.451683&spn=0.200503,0.308647&sll=50.134334,14.137688&sspn=0.09947,0.154324&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Svitavy,+Czech+Republic&z=12|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| North Armenia Avenue
| {{flagicon|US}} [[Tampa, Florida]], United States
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=N Armenia Ave Tampa, FL|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=N+Armenia+Ave+Tampa,+FL&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x88c2c1513af80249:0xd6f692881226ab19,N+Armenia+Ave,+Tampa,+FL&gl=us&ei=KH_BUp6WKbPNsATk04HwDA&ved=0CC4Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=30 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Valence, Drôme|Valence]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 26000 Valence, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=rue+d%27armenie+valence&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x47f559d4a09885d9:0x34253b016b83b8ab,Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+26000+Valence,+France&gl=us&ei=jXnCUuydA8T8oATdi4DIAw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenierplatz<ref>The [[Armenian Apostolic]] [[Rhipsime|St. Hripsime]] Church is located there</ref>
| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Vienna]], Austria
| {{center|<ref>[[:File:Armenierplatz 01.JPG]]</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Vironas]], Greece
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Vironas, Greece|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Vironas,+Greece&hl=en&ll=37.945551,23.772976&spn=0.00973,0.021136&sll=34.722567,33.067989&sspn=0.081128,0.169086&oq=Armenias,+greec&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Vironas,+Greece&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Армянская улица (Владикавказ)|Armayanskaya ulitsa (Армянская улица)]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Vladikavkaz]], Russia
|
|-
| Ormiańska street
| {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Zamość]], Poland
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Ormiańska Zamość, Poland|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Ormia%C5%84ska+zamosc&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&hnear=Ormia%C5%84ska,+Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87,+lubelskie,+Poland&gl=us&t=h&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
|}

==Other==
[[File:Brug293-1a.jpg|thumbnail|Armenian Bridge (''Armeensebrug'') and Armenian Apostolic Church (the yellow building on the left) in [[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]]]]

;Metro stations
*{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Armênia (São Paulo Metro)|Armênia]], a [[São Paulo Metro]] station

;Parks
*{{flagicon|US}} [[Armenian Heritage Park]], Boston, Massachusetts
*{{flagicon|Canada}} Parc de l'Arménie, Montreal<ref>{{cite web|title=Parc de l'Arménie Montreal, QC H4J 1L4, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Parc+de+l'Armenie+Montreal&ie=UTF-8&ei=OH_CUuXVC-3ksATV74CADw&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>

;Rivers
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Mureș (river)#Tributaries|Ormeniș]], tributary of the [[Mureș (river)|Mureș]] in [[Transylvania]], Romania
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Olt (river)#Tributaries|Ormeniș]], tributary of the [[Olt (river)|Olt]], Romania

;Other
*{{flagicon|Netherlands}} {{ill|Armeensebrug|nl}} (''Armenian Bridge''), [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands <ref>{{cite web |title=Armeensebrug, brug 293 in de Keizerstraat over de Krom Boomssloot. |url=https://www.bruggenvanamsterdam.nl/kromboomssloot_hoek_korte_keizer.htm |website=www.bruggenvanamsterdam.nl |accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Armenia Dam]], in the Leeu River, near [[Hobhouse, Free State|Hobhouse]], [[Free State (South African province)|Free State]], South Africa<ref>{{cite web |title=South Africa |url=http://diaspora.gov.am/en/pages/39/southafrica |website=diaspora.gov.am |publisher=Office of the High Commissioner for Diaspora Affairs of Armenia |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210501175743/http://diaspora.gov.am/en/diasporas/23/southafrica |archive-date=1 May 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Places named after Armenia}}
[[Category:Armenia geography-related lists|Places named after Armenia]]
[[Category:Lists of place names|Armenia]]

List of places named after Armenia

2024-09-09T01:02:37Z

RaffiKojian: /* Settlements */

{{short description|Places named after Armenia}}
{{expand list|date=December 2013}}
[[File:Av Bolívar desde ASW.jpg|thumb|[[Armenia, Colombia]], a town of 300,000 is the largest town in the world named Armenia.]]

Numerous cities, towns, villages and streets around the world are named after [[Armenia]]. Some of them are listed below.

==Settlements==
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
;Americas
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Armenia, Colombia]]
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Armenia, Antioquia]], Colombia
* {{flagicon|Belize}} [[Armenia, Belize]]
* {{flagicon|Ecuador}} [[Armenia, Ecuador]]
* {{flagicon|El Salvador}} [[Armenia, Sonsonate]], El Salvador
* {{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Nueva Armenia]], [[Honduras]]
* {{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Armenia Bonito, Atlántida]], Honduras
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia, Wisconsin]]
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia Gardens Estates]], Tampa, Florida
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia Township, Pennsylvania]]
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Little Armenia, Los Angeles|Little Armenia]], [[East Hollywood]], Los Angeles, California
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Old Armenian Town, Fresno, California]]
{{Col-2}}
;Asia
* [[Armenian Quarter]] of the [[Old City of Jerusalem]]
* {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Armanitola]], [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
* {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Armenikend]], [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]] (formerly)
;Europe
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Armeniș]], Romania
* {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Armenoi]], Crete, Greece
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[San Lazzaro degli Armeni]], Italy
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Armyansk]], [[Crimea]], [[Russia]]
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[:ru:Армянский (Апшеронский район)|Armyanskiy]], Apsheronskiy rayon, Krasnodar Krai, Russia
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[:ru:Армянский (Крымский район)|Armyanskiy]], Krymskiy rayon, [[Krasnodar Krai]], Russia
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Gherla]], Romania - was once known as Armenopolis
* {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[:hu:Örményes (Magyarország)|Örményes]], Hungary
* {{flagicon|Greece}} Ormos Armenis (Όρμος Αρμένης), [[Oia, Greece]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Ormos Armenis 847 02 Greece |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%CE%8C%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%91%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82&ie=UTF-8&ei=iEXDUuPpKazisASByYHQDQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Urmeniș]], Romania
{{Col-end}}

==Streets and squares==
[[File:Armenias Street sign in Nicosia, Cyprus 2022.jpg|thumbnail|Armenias Street in [[Nicosia]], [[Cyprus]].]]
[[Image:Lebuh Armenian Penang Dec 2006 002.jpg|thumb|[[Armenian Street, George Town|Armenian Street]] in [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], [[Penang]], [[Malaysia]]]]
[[File:Вулиця Вірменська Львів.jpg|thumb|Armenian Street in [[Old Town (Lviv)|Lviv's Old Town]] ]]
[[File:Armenierplatz 01.JPG|thumb|Armenian Square (Armenierplatz) in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]]]
[[File:Ormianska1.JPG|thumb|The Armenian Houses of [[Zamość]], [[Poland]] built by 17th century Armenian merchants<ref>{{cite book|last=Bedford|first=Neal|title=Poland.|year=2008|publisher=Lonely Planet|location=Footscray, Vic.|isbn=978-1741044799|page=252|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qe3UzP5I2vsC|edition=6th}}</ref>]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="width:20em" |Name
! style="width:20em" |Location
! style="width:2em" |Ref
|-
| Armenia Drive
| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Bedford, Nova Scotia]], Canada
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia Dr Bedford, NS B4A 4H6, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenia+Dr+Bedford,+NS+B4A+4H6,+Canada+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x4b598a170dcab019:0x4e2564ab99b96cd,Armenia+Dr,+Bedford,+NS+B4A+4H6,+Canada&gl=us&ei=-H7CUtO6FvPKsATs9oGoDQ&ved=0CDEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenia Street
| {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Beirut]], Lebanon
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia St, Beirut, Lebanon |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenia+St,+Beirut,+Lebanon&ie=UTF-8&ei=wX_CUortIbKlsQSmzICgDQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenische Straße
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Berlin]], Germany
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenische Straße 13349 Berlin, Germany |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=armenische+stra%C3%9Fe+berlin&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x47a853d306b93a8f:0x552768c62eeca371,Armenische+Stra%C3%9Fe,+D-13349+Berlin,+Germany&gl=us&ei=ZXrCUrOmK8y6oQTmlYLQAw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Bratislava]], Slovakia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Bratislava-Vrakuňa, Slovakia |url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nska,+Bratislava,+Slovakia&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=48.1449,17.204762&spn=0.012943,0.01929&sll=49.168966,16.583433&sspn=0.050731,0.077162&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nska,+Bratislava,+Slovakia&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Brno]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Brno-Brno-Bohunice,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=49.168966,16.583433&spn=0.050731,0.077162&sll=53.800651,-4.064941&sspn=11.74868,19.753418&oq=armens&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Brno-Bohunice,+Czech+Republic&z=14&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Bucharest]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Strada Armenească București, Romania|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=Str+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Bucharest,+Romania&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40b1ff371b6fa5cf:0x5fb74ed87177b516,Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Bucure%C8%99ti,+Romania&gl=us&ei=aWCDULzAF_G10AG_1IFY&ved=0CCAQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Örmény utca
| {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Budapest]], Hungary
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Budapest, Örmény utca, Hungary|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Budapest,+%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+utca,+Hungary&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=47.197275,20.582482&sspn=0.026361,0.038581&oq=%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+ut&t=h&hnear=1103+Budapest,+%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+utca,+Hungary&z=17|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Inmigrantes de Armenia
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Plaza Armenia Costa Rica, City of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Plaza+Armenia+Buenos+Aires&ie=UTF-8&ei=13zCUrKdLqmysASZ7IDoDA&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} Buenos Aires, Argentina
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Mapa de Calle Armenia|url=http://www.derutasydestinos.com/calles_capital_federal_armenia.html|publisher=deRutasyDestinos.com|accessdate=11 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Armenie
| {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Casablanca]], Morocco
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d Armenie Dar-el-Beida, Morocco |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=rue+Armenie+Casablanca&ie=UTF-8&ei=_YHCUsH1C6LjsAT6zYHAAQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, Chennai|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|India}} [[Chennai]], India
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St, George Town Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India |url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=armenian+street+chennai&ll=13.197165,79.870605&spn=5.837727,10.821533&client=firefox-a&hnear=Armenian+St,+George+Town,+Chennai,+Tamil+Nadu,+India&gl=us&t=h&z=7|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ro:Strada Armenească din Chișinău|Strada Armenească]]
| {{flagicon|Moldova}} [[Chișinău]], [[Moldova]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=ул. Армянская Chisinau, Moldova|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40c97c30011730e5:0xcd290dddc2c24c0,%D1%83%D0%BB.+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,+Chisinau,+Moldova&gl=us&ei=N_pTUOyjKuXs0gHt4YDwDQ&ved=0CCMQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Armenie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Clamart]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie Clamart, France|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+D%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+paris&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=48.814586,2.260834&sspn=0.004062,0.010568&t=h&gl=us&hnear=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+92140+Clamart,+Hauts-de-Seine,+%C3%8Ele-de-France,+France&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:fr:Esplanade d'Arménie|Esplanade d'Arménie]]
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], France
| align=center|<ref>{{cite news |title=One of central parts of Paris named after Armenia |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1065656 |agency=[[Armenpress]] |date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127112346/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1065656/ |archive-date=27 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
| Rue Armenia
| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Dollard-des-Ormeaux]], Quebec, Canada
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue Armenia Dollard-des-Ormeaux, QC H9B, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+ArmeniaDollard-des-Ormeaux&ie=UTF-8&ei=uDHDUq_-CozesATFiIHADA&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[El Ejido]], [[Spain]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Calle Armenia, El Ejido, Spain|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Calle+Armenia,+El+Ejido,+Spain&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=36.772339,-2.799298&spn=0.002471,0.005284&sll=-23.641576,-46.49531&sspn=0.005651,0.010568&oq=calle+armenia&t=h&hnear=Calle+Armenia,+04700+El+Ejido,+Almer%C3%ADa,+Spain&z=18|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Avenue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Gardanne]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Avenue d'Arménie 13120 Gardanne, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=avenue+d%27arm%C3%A9nie+gardanne&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x12c993bf4139662f:0x1618c2b27e89b400,Avenue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+13120+Gardanne,+France&gl=us&ei=AXrCUqi7KoHroASz8oDADw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Zaułek Ormiański
| {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Gdańsk]], Poland
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Zaułek Ormiański Gdańsk, Poland |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Zau%C5%82ek+Ormia%C5%84ski+Gda%C5%84sk,+Poland+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x46fd73a2089f0223:0x86da57c9cba64183,Zau%C5%82ek+Ormia%C5%84ski,+Gda%C5%84sk,+Poland&gl=us&ei=6J3AUvqCAsmssAT854CQDg&ved=0CDEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, George Town|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|MAS}} [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], [[Penang]], Malaysia
|
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Gherla]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+405300+Gherla,+Romania/@45.818804,22.7024451,7z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4749bdbc389f8de1:0xc29fac189b558ad4!8m2!3d47.0301571!4d23.9105952!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F1vy7fc5_?entry=tts | title=Strada Armenească · 405300 Gherla, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Grenoble]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 38000 Grenoble, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=10+rue+d%27arm%C3%A9nie+grenoble&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x478af37fd5a9c689:0xdb2d1c9f33fd440,10+Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+38000+Grenoble,+France&gl=us&ei=1nnCUuKbO43koASg8oCwAg&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Ineu]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Romania/@46.424998,21.8418649,14.46z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4745f7690b7cc74b:0xeefcfe30082a5504!8m2!3d46.4186544!4d21.8463543!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F11fzv9rmkn?entry=tts | title=STR. Armenească · Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Вірменська вулиця (Київ)|Virmenska vulytsya (Вірменська вулиця)]]
| {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Kyiv]], Ukraine
|
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Kladno]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Kladno, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Kladno,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=50.134334,14.137688&spn=0.09947,0.154324&sll=48.1449,17.204762&sspn=0.012943,0.01929&oq=Arm%C3%A9nska,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Kladno,+Czech+Republic&z=13|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Street
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kolkata]], India
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St, Avikar India Private Limited, Barabazar Market Kolkata, West Bengal, India|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenian+Street,+Barabazar+Market,+Kolkata,+West+Bengal,+India&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x3a0277b0f32c58c7:0x7ea2477f531fc84c,Armenian+St,+Barabazar+Market,+Kolkata,+West+Bengal,+India&gl=us&ei=0OhwULKPCYqr0AGCkoDwAw&ved=0CCEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Larnaca]], [[Cyprus]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Larnaca, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Aradippou,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.936889,33.614656&spn=0.002401,0.005284&sll=35.151916,33.41217&sspn=0.080704,0.169086&oq=Armenias,+&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&z=18&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Limassol]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Agios Athanasios, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Agios+Athanasios,+Limassol,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.724684,33.067989&spn=0.077034,0.169086&sll=34.70634,33.053484&sspn=0.038526,0.084543&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Agios+Athanasios,+Limassol+4105,+Cyprus&z=13|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Livadia, Larnaca|Livadhia]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Livadhia, Larnaca, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Livadhia,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.953581,33.622456&spn=0.009603,0.021136&sll=34.936889,33.614656&sspn=0.002401,0.005284&oq=Armenias,+&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Livadhia,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} {{ill|Lunca (C.A. Rosetti), Buzău|lt=Lunca|ro}}, Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Lunca,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x40b114fdf5bffa11:0x88818a411b725f99!8m2!3d45.0074647!4d27.2071305!16s%2Fg%2F11rd94h1b0?entry=ttu | title=STR. Armenească · Lunca, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:uk:Вулиця Вірменська (Львів)|Vulytsya Virmenska (Вулиця Вірменська)]]
| {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Lviv]], Ukraine
|
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Lyon]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 69003 Lyon, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie+69003+Lyon,+France+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF8&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&spell=1|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Mioveni]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+115400+Mioveni,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8.46z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x40b2b94c60abf625:0x4273d2cf5e95d88e!8m2!3d44.9064425!4d24.9037066!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F11gcdnhrq4?entry=tts | title=STR. Armenească · 115400 Mioveni, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armeneasca
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Mogoșoaia]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasca,+Mogo%C8%99oaia,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x40b204fadec75d2b:0x7976ff3fa7d5299c!8m2!3d44.5261173!4d25.9856068!16s%2Fg%2F1tlwd49t?entry=ttu | title=STR. Armeneasca · Mogoșoaia, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Armenia
| {{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Montevideo]], Uruguay
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=PLAZA ARMENIA, Tomás de Tezanos, Montevideo, Montevideo Department, Uruguay|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=montevideo%20armenia&psj=1&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.52164340,d.dmg,pv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O&biw=1280&bih=628&dpr=1&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&sa=N&tab=wl|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=16 September 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Армянский переулок (Москва)|Armyanskiy pereulok (Армянский переулок)]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Moscow]], Russia
|
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Nice, France|Nice]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie Nice, France|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=rue+D%27Arm%C3%A9nie+nice,+france&ie=UTF8&client=firefox-a&hnear=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+06000+Nice,+Alpes-Maritimes,+Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te+d%27Azur,+France&gl=us&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Nicosia]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Strovolos, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Strovolos,+Nicosia,+Cyprus&hl=en&sll=34.840859,33.392944&sspn=2.592186,5.410767&oq=armenias&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Strovolos,+Nicosia,+Cyprus&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
|Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Porto, Portugal|Porto]], [[Portugal]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua da Arménia, Porto, Portugal|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+da+Arm%C3%A9nia,+Porto,+Portugal&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=41.142166,-8.618726&spn=0.001161,0.002642&sll=-12.909351,-38.405175&sspn=0.001503,0.002642&oq=Rua+da+Arm%C3%AAnia&t=h&hnear=Rua+da+Arm%C3%A9nia,+Porto,+Portugal&z=19|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Prague]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Praha-Vršovice, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Vr%C5%A1ovice,+Prague-Prague+10,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=49.757316,16.451683&sspn=0.200503,0.308647&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1+1372/10,+101+00+Praha,+Czech+Republic&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Armenia
| {{flagicon|CHL}} [[Puerto Williams]], Chile
| {{center|<ref>{{cite news|title=Prominent Argentine businessman opens Plaza Armenia in Puerto Williams|url=http://www.acercandonaciones.com/en/cultura/destacado-empresario-argentino-inaugura-plaza-armenia-en-puerto-williams.html|accessdate=21 October 2012|agency=Acercando Naciones|archive-date=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235747/http://www.acercandonaciones.com/en/cultura/destacado-empresario-argentino-inaugura-plaza-armenia-en-puerto-williams.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Armenia square opens in Chile|url=http://news.am/eng/news/91265.html|accessdate=21 October 2012|date=30 January 2012|agency=News.am}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ribeirão das Neves]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Conjunto Henrique Sapori Ribeirão das Neves - MG, 33823-030, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Conjunto+Henrique+Sapori,+Ribeir%C3%A3o+das+Neves+-+Minas+Gerais,+33823-030,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=-19.766815,-44.139107&spn=0.001451,0.002642&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FZph0v4d9Xxe_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Conjunto+Henrique+Sapori,+Minas+Gerais,+33823-030,+Brazil&t=h&z=19&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Paraíso, São Gonçalo - Rio de Janeiro, 24431-460, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Para%C3%ADso,+S%C3%A3o+Gon%C3%A7alo+-+Rio+de+Janeiro,+24431-460,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FTeko_4dBKJu_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Para%C3%ADso,+Rio+de+Janeiro,+24431-460,+Brazil&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armayanskaya ulitsa (Армянская улица)
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rostov-on-Don]], Russia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armyanskaya ulitsa Rostov-na-Donu, Rostovskaya oblast', Russia|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83.&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40e3b7dd82d75979:0x5a44978d3bf80753,Armyanskaya+ulitsa,+Rostov-na-Donu,+Russia&gl=us&ei=eYGEUJ7cDKm30AG25YFA&ved=0CB8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Presidente Altino Osasco - SP, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Presidente+Altino,+Osasco+-+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FYQDmf4dk2U2_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Presidente+Altino,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Santana São Paulo - SP, 02451-060, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+Santana,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=-23.498239,-46.644323&spn=0.005372,0.010568&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=37.956457,86.572266&oq=rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+&t=h&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Santana,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+02451-060,+Brazil&z=17|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia, Jardim Passárgada I, São Paulo, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+Jardim+Pass%C3%A1rgada+I,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=-23.498239,-46.644323&sspn=0.005372,0.010568&oq=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+&t=h&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Jardim+Pass%C3%A1rgada+I,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+06712-215,+Brazil&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Sevilla]], [[Spain]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Calle Armenia, Utrera, Sevilla, Spain|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Calle+Armenia,+Utrera,+Spain&hl=en&ll=37.188023,-5.776234&spn=0.004915,0.010568&sll=36.772339,-2.799298&sspn=0.002471,0.005284&oq=Calle+Armenia,+&t=h&hnear=Calle+Armenia,+41710+Utrera,+Sevilla,+Spain&z=17|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Road
| {{flagicon|US}} [[Sherman (town), New York|Sherman, New York]], United States
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian Rd Sherman, NY 14781|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenian+Rd+Sherman,+NY+14781&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x882d59e95dd52f55:0x8ca2495b4bbaf564,Armenian+Rd,+Sherman,+NY+14781&gl=us&ei=--hwUK-IIYnj0gG_toCYAg&ved=0CCQQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, Singapore|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|SIN}} [[Singapore]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St Singapore|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40c97c30011730e5:0xcd290dddc2c24c0,%D1%83%D0%BB.+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,+Chisinau,+Moldova&gl=us&ei=N_pTUOyjKuXs0gHt4YDwDQ&ved=0CCMQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Suceava]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Suceava,+Romania/@45.5116936,23.669242,7z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4734fc2517bbb5b1:0xc952211b8877c05b!8m2!3d47.6483756!4d26.2557709!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F1tcxnfj_?entry=tts | title=Strada Armenească · Suceava, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Svitavy]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Svitavy, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Svitavy,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=49.757316,16.451683&spn=0.200503,0.308647&sll=50.134334,14.137688&sspn=0.09947,0.154324&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Svitavy,+Czech+Republic&z=12|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| North Armenia Avenue
| {{flagicon|US}} [[Tampa, Florida]], United States
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=N Armenia Ave Tampa, FL|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=N+Armenia+Ave+Tampa,+FL&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x88c2c1513af80249:0xd6f692881226ab19,N+Armenia+Ave,+Tampa,+FL&gl=us&ei=KH_BUp6WKbPNsATk04HwDA&ved=0CC4Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=30 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Valence, Drôme|Valence]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 26000 Valence, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=rue+d%27armenie+valence&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x47f559d4a09885d9:0x34253b016b83b8ab,Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+26000+Valence,+France&gl=us&ei=jXnCUuydA8T8oATdi4DIAw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenierplatz<ref>The [[Armenian Apostolic]] [[Rhipsime|St. Hripsime]] Church is located there</ref>
| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Vienna]], Austria
| {{center|<ref>[[:File:Armenierplatz 01.JPG]]</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Vironas]], Greece
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Vironas, Greece|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Vironas,+Greece&hl=en&ll=37.945551,23.772976&spn=0.00973,0.021136&sll=34.722567,33.067989&sspn=0.081128,0.169086&oq=Armenias,+greec&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Vironas,+Greece&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Армянская улица (Владикавказ)|Armayanskaya ulitsa (Армянская улица)]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Vladikavkaz]], Russia
|
|-
| Ormiańska street
| {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Zamość]], Poland
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Ormiańska Zamość, Poland|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Ormia%C5%84ska+zamosc&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&hnear=Ormia%C5%84ska,+Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87,+lubelskie,+Poland&gl=us&t=h&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
|}

==Other==
[[File:Brug293-1a.jpg|thumbnail|Armenian Bridge (''Armeensebrug'') and Armenian Apostolic Church (the yellow building on the left) in [[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]]]]

;Metro stations
*{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Armênia (São Paulo Metro)|Armênia]], a [[São Paulo Metro]] station

;Parks
*{{flagicon|US}} [[Armenian Heritage Park]], Boston, Massachusetts
*{{flagicon|Canada}} Parc de l'Arménie, Montreal<ref>{{cite web|title=Parc de l'Arménie Montreal, QC H4J 1L4, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Parc+de+l'Armenie+Montreal&ie=UTF-8&ei=OH_CUuXVC-3ksATV74CADw&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>

;Rivers
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Mureș (river)#Tributaries|Ormeniș]], tributary of the [[Mureș (river)|Mureș]] in [[Transylvania]], Romania
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Olt (river)#Tributaries|Ormeniș]], tributary of the [[Olt (river)|Olt]], Romania

;Other
*{{flagicon|Netherlands}} {{ill|Armeensebrug|nl}} (''Armenian Bridge''), [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands <ref>{{cite web |title=Armeensebrug, brug 293 in de Keizerstraat over de Krom Boomssloot. |url=https://www.bruggenvanamsterdam.nl/kromboomssloot_hoek_korte_keizer.htm |website=www.bruggenvanamsterdam.nl |accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Armenia Dam]], in the Leeu River, near [[Hobhouse, Free State|Hobhouse]], [[Free State (South African province)|Free State]], South Africa<ref>{{cite web |title=South Africa |url=http://diaspora.gov.am/en/pages/39/southafrica |website=diaspora.gov.am |publisher=Office of the High Commissioner for Diaspora Affairs of Armenia |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210501175743/http://diaspora.gov.am/en/diasporas/23/southafrica |archive-date=1 May 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Places named after Armenia}}
[[Category:Armenia geography-related lists|Places named after Armenia]]
[[Category:Lists of place names|Armenia]]

List of places named after Armenia

2024-09-09T00:59:58Z

RaffiKojian: move AQ to more appropriate location

{{short description|Places named after Armenia}}
{{expand list|date=December 2013}}
[[File:Av Bolívar desde ASW.jpg|thumb|[[Armenia, Colombia]], a town of 300,000 is the largest town in the world named Armenia.]]

Numerous cities, towns, villages and streets around the world are named after [[Armenia]]. Some of them are listed below.

==Settlements==
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
;Americas
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Armenia, Colombia]]
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Armenia, Antioquia]], Colombia
* {{flagicon|Belize}} [[Armenia, Belize]]
* {{flagicon|Ecuador}} [[Armenia, Ecuador]]
* {{flagicon|El Salvador}} [[Armenia, Sonsonate]], El Salvador
* {{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Nueva Armenia]], [[Honduras]]
* {{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Armenia Bonito, Atlántida]], Honduras
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia, Wisconsin]]
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia Gardens Estates]], Tampa, Florida
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia Township, Pennsylvania]]
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Little Armenia, Los Angeles|Little Armenia]], [[East Hollywood]], Los Angeles, California
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Old Armenian Town, Fresno, California]]
{{Col-2}}
;Asia
* {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Armenian Quarter]] of the [[Old City of Jerusalem]]
* {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Armanitola]], [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
* {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Armenikend]], [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]] (formerly)
;Europe
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Armeniș]], Romania
* {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Armenoi]], Crete, Greece
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[San Lazzaro degli Armeni]], Italy
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Armyansk]], [[Crimea]], [[Russia]]
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[:ru:Армянский (Апшеронский район)|Armyanskiy]], Apsheronskiy rayon, Krasnodar Krai, Russia
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[:ru:Армянский (Крымский район)|Armyanskiy]], Krymskiy rayon, [[Krasnodar Krai]], Russia
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Gherla]], Romania - was once known as Armenopolis
* {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[:hu:Örményes (Magyarország)|Örményes]], Hungary
* {{flagicon|Greece}} Ormos Armenis (Όρμος Αρμένης), [[Oia, Greece]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Ormos Armenis 847 02 Greece |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%CE%8C%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%91%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82&ie=UTF-8&ei=iEXDUuPpKazisASByYHQDQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Urmeniș]], Romania
{{Col-end}}

==Streets and squares==
[[File:Armenias Street sign in Nicosia, Cyprus 2022.jpg|thumbnail|Armenias Street in [[Nicosia]], [[Cyprus]].]]
[[Image:Lebuh Armenian Penang Dec 2006 002.jpg|thumb|[[Armenian Street, George Town|Armenian Street]] in [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], [[Penang]], [[Malaysia]]]]
[[File:Вулиця Вірменська Львів.jpg|thumb|Armenian Street in [[Old Town (Lviv)|Lviv's Old Town]] ]]
[[File:Armenierplatz 01.JPG|thumb|Armenian Square (Armenierplatz) in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]]]
[[File:Ormianska1.JPG|thumb|The Armenian Houses of [[Zamość]], [[Poland]] built by 17th century Armenian merchants<ref>{{cite book|last=Bedford|first=Neal|title=Poland.|year=2008|publisher=Lonely Planet|location=Footscray, Vic.|isbn=978-1741044799|page=252|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qe3UzP5I2vsC|edition=6th}}</ref>]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="width:20em" |Name
! style="width:20em" |Location
! style="width:2em" |Ref
|-
| Armenia Drive
| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Bedford, Nova Scotia]], Canada
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia Dr Bedford, NS B4A 4H6, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenia+Dr+Bedford,+NS+B4A+4H6,+Canada+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x4b598a170dcab019:0x4e2564ab99b96cd,Armenia+Dr,+Bedford,+NS+B4A+4H6,+Canada&gl=us&ei=-H7CUtO6FvPKsATs9oGoDQ&ved=0CDEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenia Street
| {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Beirut]], Lebanon
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia St, Beirut, Lebanon |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenia+St,+Beirut,+Lebanon&ie=UTF-8&ei=wX_CUortIbKlsQSmzICgDQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenische Straße
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Berlin]], Germany
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenische Straße 13349 Berlin, Germany |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=armenische+stra%C3%9Fe+berlin&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x47a853d306b93a8f:0x552768c62eeca371,Armenische+Stra%C3%9Fe,+D-13349+Berlin,+Germany&gl=us&ei=ZXrCUrOmK8y6oQTmlYLQAw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Bratislava]], Slovakia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Bratislava-Vrakuňa, Slovakia |url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nska,+Bratislava,+Slovakia&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=48.1449,17.204762&spn=0.012943,0.01929&sll=49.168966,16.583433&sspn=0.050731,0.077162&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nska,+Bratislava,+Slovakia&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Brno]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Brno-Brno-Bohunice,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=49.168966,16.583433&spn=0.050731,0.077162&sll=53.800651,-4.064941&sspn=11.74868,19.753418&oq=armens&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Brno-Bohunice,+Czech+Republic&z=14&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Bucharest]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Strada Armenească București, Romania|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=Str+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Bucharest,+Romania&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40b1ff371b6fa5cf:0x5fb74ed87177b516,Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Bucure%C8%99ti,+Romania&gl=us&ei=aWCDULzAF_G10AG_1IFY&ved=0CCAQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Örmény utca
| {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Budapest]], Hungary
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Budapest, Örmény utca, Hungary|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Budapest,+%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+utca,+Hungary&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=47.197275,20.582482&sspn=0.026361,0.038581&oq=%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+ut&t=h&hnear=1103+Budapest,+%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+utca,+Hungary&z=17|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Inmigrantes de Armenia
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Plaza Armenia Costa Rica, City of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Plaza+Armenia+Buenos+Aires&ie=UTF-8&ei=13zCUrKdLqmysASZ7IDoDA&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} Buenos Aires, Argentina
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Mapa de Calle Armenia|url=http://www.derutasydestinos.com/calles_capital_federal_armenia.html|publisher=deRutasyDestinos.com|accessdate=11 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Armenie
| {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Casablanca]], Morocco
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d Armenie Dar-el-Beida, Morocco |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=rue+Armenie+Casablanca&ie=UTF-8&ei=_YHCUsH1C6LjsAT6zYHAAQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, Chennai|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|India}} [[Chennai]], India
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St, George Town Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India |url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=armenian+street+chennai&ll=13.197165,79.870605&spn=5.837727,10.821533&client=firefox-a&hnear=Armenian+St,+George+Town,+Chennai,+Tamil+Nadu,+India&gl=us&t=h&z=7|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ro:Strada Armenească din Chișinău|Strada Armenească]]
| {{flagicon|Moldova}} [[Chișinău]], [[Moldova]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=ул. Армянская Chisinau, Moldova|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40c97c30011730e5:0xcd290dddc2c24c0,%D1%83%D0%BB.+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,+Chisinau,+Moldova&gl=us&ei=N_pTUOyjKuXs0gHt4YDwDQ&ved=0CCMQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Armenie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Clamart]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie Clamart, France|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+D%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+paris&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=48.814586,2.260834&sspn=0.004062,0.010568&t=h&gl=us&hnear=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+92140+Clamart,+Hauts-de-Seine,+%C3%8Ele-de-France,+France&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:fr:Esplanade d'Arménie|Esplanade d'Arménie]]
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], France
| align=center|<ref>{{cite news |title=One of central parts of Paris named after Armenia |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1065656 |agency=[[Armenpress]] |date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127112346/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1065656/ |archive-date=27 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
| Rue Armenia
| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Dollard-des-Ormeaux]], Quebec, Canada
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue Armenia Dollard-des-Ormeaux, QC H9B, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+ArmeniaDollard-des-Ormeaux&ie=UTF-8&ei=uDHDUq_-CozesATFiIHADA&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[El Ejido]], [[Spain]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Calle Armenia, El Ejido, Spain|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Calle+Armenia,+El+Ejido,+Spain&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=36.772339,-2.799298&spn=0.002471,0.005284&sll=-23.641576,-46.49531&sspn=0.005651,0.010568&oq=calle+armenia&t=h&hnear=Calle+Armenia,+04700+El+Ejido,+Almer%C3%ADa,+Spain&z=18|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Avenue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Gardanne]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Avenue d'Arménie 13120 Gardanne, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=avenue+d%27arm%C3%A9nie+gardanne&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x12c993bf4139662f:0x1618c2b27e89b400,Avenue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+13120+Gardanne,+France&gl=us&ei=AXrCUqi7KoHroASz8oDADw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Zaułek Ormiański
| {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Gdańsk]], Poland
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Zaułek Ormiański Gdańsk, Poland |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Zau%C5%82ek+Ormia%C5%84ski+Gda%C5%84sk,+Poland+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x46fd73a2089f0223:0x86da57c9cba64183,Zau%C5%82ek+Ormia%C5%84ski,+Gda%C5%84sk,+Poland&gl=us&ei=6J3AUvqCAsmssAT854CQDg&ved=0CDEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, George Town|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|MAS}} [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], [[Penang]], Malaysia
|
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Gherla]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+405300+Gherla,+Romania/@45.818804,22.7024451,7z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4749bdbc389f8de1:0xc29fac189b558ad4!8m2!3d47.0301571!4d23.9105952!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F1vy7fc5_?entry=tts | title=Strada Armenească · 405300 Gherla, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Grenoble]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 38000 Grenoble, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=10+rue+d%27arm%C3%A9nie+grenoble&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x478af37fd5a9c689:0xdb2d1c9f33fd440,10+Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+38000+Grenoble,+France&gl=us&ei=1nnCUuKbO43koASg8oCwAg&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Ineu]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Romania/@46.424998,21.8418649,14.46z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4745f7690b7cc74b:0xeefcfe30082a5504!8m2!3d46.4186544!4d21.8463543!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F11fzv9rmkn?entry=tts | title=STR. Armenească · Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Вірменська вулиця (Київ)|Virmenska vulytsya (Вірменська вулиця)]]
| {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Kyiv]], Ukraine
|
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Kladno]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Kladno, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Kladno,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=50.134334,14.137688&spn=0.09947,0.154324&sll=48.1449,17.204762&sspn=0.012943,0.01929&oq=Arm%C3%A9nska,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Kladno,+Czech+Republic&z=13|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Street
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kolkata]], India
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St, Avikar India Private Limited, Barabazar Market Kolkata, West Bengal, India|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenian+Street,+Barabazar+Market,+Kolkata,+West+Bengal,+India&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x3a0277b0f32c58c7:0x7ea2477f531fc84c,Armenian+St,+Barabazar+Market,+Kolkata,+West+Bengal,+India&gl=us&ei=0OhwULKPCYqr0AGCkoDwAw&ved=0CCEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Larnaca]], [[Cyprus]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Larnaca, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Aradippou,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.936889,33.614656&spn=0.002401,0.005284&sll=35.151916,33.41217&sspn=0.080704,0.169086&oq=Armenias,+&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&z=18&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Limassol]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Agios Athanasios, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Agios+Athanasios,+Limassol,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.724684,33.067989&spn=0.077034,0.169086&sll=34.70634,33.053484&sspn=0.038526,0.084543&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Agios+Athanasios,+Limassol+4105,+Cyprus&z=13|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Livadia, Larnaca|Livadhia]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Livadhia, Larnaca, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Livadhia,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.953581,33.622456&spn=0.009603,0.021136&sll=34.936889,33.614656&sspn=0.002401,0.005284&oq=Armenias,+&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Livadhia,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} {{ill|Lunca (C.A. Rosetti), Buzău|lt=Lunca|ro}}, Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Lunca,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x40b114fdf5bffa11:0x88818a411b725f99!8m2!3d45.0074647!4d27.2071305!16s%2Fg%2F11rd94h1b0?entry=ttu | title=STR. Armenească · Lunca, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:uk:Вулиця Вірменська (Львів)|Vulytsya Virmenska (Вулиця Вірменська)]]
| {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Lviv]], Ukraine
|
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Lyon]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 69003 Lyon, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie+69003+Lyon,+France+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF8&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&spell=1|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Mioveni]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+115400+Mioveni,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8.46z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x40b2b94c60abf625:0x4273d2cf5e95d88e!8m2!3d44.9064425!4d24.9037066!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F11gcdnhrq4?entry=tts | title=STR. Armenească · 115400 Mioveni, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armeneasca
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Mogoșoaia]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasca,+Mogo%C8%99oaia,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x40b204fadec75d2b:0x7976ff3fa7d5299c!8m2!3d44.5261173!4d25.9856068!16s%2Fg%2F1tlwd49t?entry=ttu | title=STR. Armeneasca · Mogoșoaia, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Armenia
| {{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Montevideo]], Uruguay
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=PLAZA ARMENIA, Tomás de Tezanos, Montevideo, Montevideo Department, Uruguay|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=montevideo%20armenia&psj=1&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.52164340,d.dmg,pv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O&biw=1280&bih=628&dpr=1&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&sa=N&tab=wl|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=16 September 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Армянский переулок (Москва)|Armyanskiy pereulok (Армянский переулок)]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Moscow]], Russia
|
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Nice, France|Nice]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie Nice, France|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=rue+D%27Arm%C3%A9nie+nice,+france&ie=UTF8&client=firefox-a&hnear=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+06000+Nice,+Alpes-Maritimes,+Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te+d%27Azur,+France&gl=us&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Nicosia]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Strovolos, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Strovolos,+Nicosia,+Cyprus&hl=en&sll=34.840859,33.392944&sspn=2.592186,5.410767&oq=armenias&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Strovolos,+Nicosia,+Cyprus&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
|Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Porto, Portugal|Porto]], [[Portugal]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua da Arménia, Porto, Portugal|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+da+Arm%C3%A9nia,+Porto,+Portugal&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=41.142166,-8.618726&spn=0.001161,0.002642&sll=-12.909351,-38.405175&sspn=0.001503,0.002642&oq=Rua+da+Arm%C3%AAnia&t=h&hnear=Rua+da+Arm%C3%A9nia,+Porto,+Portugal&z=19|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Prague]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Praha-Vršovice, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Vr%C5%A1ovice,+Prague-Prague+10,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=49.757316,16.451683&sspn=0.200503,0.308647&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1+1372/10,+101+00+Praha,+Czech+Republic&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Armenia
| {{flagicon|CHL}} [[Puerto Williams]], Chile
| {{center|<ref>{{cite news|title=Prominent Argentine businessman opens Plaza Armenia in Puerto Williams|url=http://www.acercandonaciones.com/en/cultura/destacado-empresario-argentino-inaugura-plaza-armenia-en-puerto-williams.html|accessdate=21 October 2012|agency=Acercando Naciones|archive-date=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235747/http://www.acercandonaciones.com/en/cultura/destacado-empresario-argentino-inaugura-plaza-armenia-en-puerto-williams.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Armenia square opens in Chile|url=http://news.am/eng/news/91265.html|accessdate=21 October 2012|date=30 January 2012|agency=News.am}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ribeirão das Neves]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Conjunto Henrique Sapori Ribeirão das Neves - MG, 33823-030, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Conjunto+Henrique+Sapori,+Ribeir%C3%A3o+das+Neves+-+Minas+Gerais,+33823-030,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=-19.766815,-44.139107&spn=0.001451,0.002642&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FZph0v4d9Xxe_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Conjunto+Henrique+Sapori,+Minas+Gerais,+33823-030,+Brazil&t=h&z=19&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Paraíso, São Gonçalo - Rio de Janeiro, 24431-460, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Para%C3%ADso,+S%C3%A3o+Gon%C3%A7alo+-+Rio+de+Janeiro,+24431-460,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FTeko_4dBKJu_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Para%C3%ADso,+Rio+de+Janeiro,+24431-460,+Brazil&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armayanskaya ulitsa (Армянская улица)
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rostov-on-Don]], Russia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armyanskaya ulitsa Rostov-na-Donu, Rostovskaya oblast', Russia|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83.&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40e3b7dd82d75979:0x5a44978d3bf80753,Armyanskaya+ulitsa,+Rostov-na-Donu,+Russia&gl=us&ei=eYGEUJ7cDKm30AG25YFA&ved=0CB8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Presidente Altino Osasco - SP, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Presidente+Altino,+Osasco+-+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FYQDmf4dk2U2_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Presidente+Altino,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Santana São Paulo - SP, 02451-060, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+Santana,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=-23.498239,-46.644323&spn=0.005372,0.010568&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=37.956457,86.572266&oq=rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+&t=h&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Santana,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+02451-060,+Brazil&z=17|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia, Jardim Passárgada I, São Paulo, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+Jardim+Pass%C3%A1rgada+I,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=-23.498239,-46.644323&sspn=0.005372,0.010568&oq=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+&t=h&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Jardim+Pass%C3%A1rgada+I,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+06712-215,+Brazil&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Sevilla]], [[Spain]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Calle Armenia, Utrera, Sevilla, Spain|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Calle+Armenia,+Utrera,+Spain&hl=en&ll=37.188023,-5.776234&spn=0.004915,0.010568&sll=36.772339,-2.799298&sspn=0.002471,0.005284&oq=Calle+Armenia,+&t=h&hnear=Calle+Armenia,+41710+Utrera,+Sevilla,+Spain&z=17|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Road
| {{flagicon|US}} [[Sherman (town), New York|Sherman, New York]], United States
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian Rd Sherman, NY 14781|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenian+Rd+Sherman,+NY+14781&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x882d59e95dd52f55:0x8ca2495b4bbaf564,Armenian+Rd,+Sherman,+NY+14781&gl=us&ei=--hwUK-IIYnj0gG_toCYAg&ved=0CCQQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, Singapore|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|SIN}} [[Singapore]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St Singapore|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40c97c30011730e5:0xcd290dddc2c24c0,%D1%83%D0%BB.+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,+Chisinau,+Moldova&gl=us&ei=N_pTUOyjKuXs0gHt4YDwDQ&ved=0CCMQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Suceava]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Suceava,+Romania/@45.5116936,23.669242,7z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4734fc2517bbb5b1:0xc952211b8877c05b!8m2!3d47.6483756!4d26.2557709!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F1tcxnfj_?entry=tts | title=Strada Armenească · Suceava, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Svitavy]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Svitavy, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Svitavy,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=49.757316,16.451683&spn=0.200503,0.308647&sll=50.134334,14.137688&sspn=0.09947,0.154324&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Svitavy,+Czech+Republic&z=12|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| North Armenia Avenue
| {{flagicon|US}} [[Tampa, Florida]], United States
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=N Armenia Ave Tampa, FL|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=N+Armenia+Ave+Tampa,+FL&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x88c2c1513af80249:0xd6f692881226ab19,N+Armenia+Ave,+Tampa,+FL&gl=us&ei=KH_BUp6WKbPNsATk04HwDA&ved=0CC4Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=30 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Valence, Drôme|Valence]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 26000 Valence, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=rue+d%27armenie+valence&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x47f559d4a09885d9:0x34253b016b83b8ab,Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+26000+Valence,+France&gl=us&ei=jXnCUuydA8T8oATdi4DIAw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenierplatz<ref>The [[Armenian Apostolic]] [[Rhipsime|St. Hripsime]] Church is located there</ref>
| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Vienna]], Austria
| {{center|<ref>[[:File:Armenierplatz 01.JPG]]</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Vironas]], Greece
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Vironas, Greece|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Vironas,+Greece&hl=en&ll=37.945551,23.772976&spn=0.00973,0.021136&sll=34.722567,33.067989&sspn=0.081128,0.169086&oq=Armenias,+greec&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Vironas,+Greece&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Армянская улица (Владикавказ)|Armayanskaya ulitsa (Армянская улица)]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Vladikavkaz]], Russia
|
|-
| Ormiańska street
| {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Zamość]], Poland
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Ormiańska Zamość, Poland|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Ormia%C5%84ska+zamosc&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&hnear=Ormia%C5%84ska,+Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87,+lubelskie,+Poland&gl=us&t=h&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
|}

==Other==
[[File:Brug293-1a.jpg|thumbnail|Armenian Bridge (''Armeensebrug'') and Armenian Apostolic Church (the yellow building on the left) in [[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]]]]

;Metro stations
*{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Armênia (São Paulo Metro)|Armênia]], a [[São Paulo Metro]] station

;Parks
*{{flagicon|US}} [[Armenian Heritage Park]], Boston, Massachusetts
*{{flagicon|Canada}} Parc de l'Arménie, Montreal<ref>{{cite web|title=Parc de l'Arménie Montreal, QC H4J 1L4, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Parc+de+l'Armenie+Montreal&ie=UTF-8&ei=OH_CUuXVC-3ksATV74CADw&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>

;Rivers
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Mureș (river)#Tributaries|Ormeniș]], tributary of the [[Mureș (river)|Mureș]] in [[Transylvania]], Romania
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Olt (river)#Tributaries|Ormeniș]], tributary of the [[Olt (river)|Olt]], Romania

;Other
*{{flagicon|Netherlands}} {{ill|Armeensebrug|nl}} (''Armenian Bridge''), [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands <ref>{{cite web |title=Armeensebrug, brug 293 in de Keizerstraat over de Krom Boomssloot. |url=https://www.bruggenvanamsterdam.nl/kromboomssloot_hoek_korte_keizer.htm |website=www.bruggenvanamsterdam.nl |accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Armenia Dam]], in the Leeu River, near [[Hobhouse, Free State|Hobhouse]], [[Free State (South African province)|Free State]], South Africa<ref>{{cite web |title=South Africa |url=http://diaspora.gov.am/en/pages/39/southafrica |website=diaspora.gov.am |publisher=Office of the High Commissioner for Diaspora Affairs of Armenia |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210501175743/http://diaspora.gov.am/en/diasporas/23/southafrica |archive-date=1 May 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Places named after Armenia}}
[[Category:Armenia geography-related lists|Places named after Armenia]]
[[Category:Lists of place names|Armenia]]

List of places named after Armenia

2024-09-09T00:51:46Z

RaffiKojian: /* Other */ Old Armenian Town, Fresno, California

{{short description|Places named after Armenia}}
{{expand list|date=December 2013}}
[[File:Av Bolívar desde ASW.jpg|thumb|[[Armenia, Colombia]], a town of 300,000 is the largest town in the world named Armenia.]]

Numerous cities, towns, villages and streets around the world are named after [[Armenia]]. Some of them are listed below.

==Settlements==
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
;Americas
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Armenia, Colombia]]
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Armenia, Antioquia]], Colombia
* {{flagicon|Belize}} [[Armenia, Belize]]
* {{flagicon|Ecuador}} [[Armenia, Ecuador]]
* {{flagicon|El Salvador}} [[Armenia, Sonsonate]], El Salvador
* {{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Nueva Armenia]], [[Honduras]]
* {{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Armenia Bonito, Atlántida]], Honduras
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia, Wisconsin]]
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia Gardens Estates]], Tampa, Florida
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia Township, Pennsylvania]]
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Little Armenia, Los Angeles|Little Armenia]], [[East Hollywood]], Los Angeles, California
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Old Armenian Town, Fresno, California]]
{{Col-2}}
;Asia
* {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Armanitola]], [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
* {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Armenikend]], [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]] (formerly)
;Europe
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Armeniș]], Romania
* {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Armenoi]], Crete, Greece
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[San Lazzaro degli Armeni]], Italy
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Armyansk]], [[Crimea]], [[Russia]]
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[:ru:Армянский (Апшеронский район)|Armyanskiy]], Apsheronskiy rayon, Krasnodar Krai, Russia
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[:ru:Армянский (Крымский район)|Armyanskiy]], Krymskiy rayon, [[Krasnodar Krai]], Russia
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Gherla]], Romania - was once known as Armenopolis
* {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[:hu:Örményes (Magyarország)|Örményes]], Hungary
* {{flagicon|Greece}} Ormos Armenis (Όρμος Αρμένης), [[Oia, Greece]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Ormos Armenis 847 02 Greece |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%CE%8C%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%91%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82&ie=UTF-8&ei=iEXDUuPpKazisASByYHQDQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Urmeniș]], Romania
{{Col-end}}

==Streets and squares==
[[File:Armenias Street sign in Nicosia, Cyprus 2022.jpg|thumbnail|Armenias Street in [[Nicosia]], [[Cyprus]].]]
[[Image:Lebuh Armenian Penang Dec 2006 002.jpg|thumb|[[Armenian Street, George Town|Armenian Street]] in [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], [[Penang]], [[Malaysia]]]]
[[File:Вулиця Вірменська Львів.jpg|thumb|Armenian Street in [[Old Town (Lviv)|Lviv's Old Town]] ]]
[[File:Armenierplatz 01.JPG|thumb|Armenian Square (Armenierplatz) in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]]]
[[File:Ormianska1.JPG|thumb|The Armenian Houses of [[Zamość]], [[Poland]] built by 17th century Armenian merchants<ref>{{cite book|last=Bedford|first=Neal|title=Poland.|year=2008|publisher=Lonely Planet|location=Footscray, Vic.|isbn=978-1741044799|page=252|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qe3UzP5I2vsC|edition=6th}}</ref>]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="width:20em" |Name
! style="width:20em" |Location
! style="width:2em" |Ref
|-
| Armenia Drive
| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Bedford, Nova Scotia]], Canada
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia Dr Bedford, NS B4A 4H6, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenia+Dr+Bedford,+NS+B4A+4H6,+Canada+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x4b598a170dcab019:0x4e2564ab99b96cd,Armenia+Dr,+Bedford,+NS+B4A+4H6,+Canada&gl=us&ei=-H7CUtO6FvPKsATs9oGoDQ&ved=0CDEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenia Street
| {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Beirut]], Lebanon
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia St, Beirut, Lebanon |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenia+St,+Beirut,+Lebanon&ie=UTF-8&ei=wX_CUortIbKlsQSmzICgDQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenische Straße
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Berlin]], Germany
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenische Straße 13349 Berlin, Germany |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=armenische+stra%C3%9Fe+berlin&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x47a853d306b93a8f:0x552768c62eeca371,Armenische+Stra%C3%9Fe,+D-13349+Berlin,+Germany&gl=us&ei=ZXrCUrOmK8y6oQTmlYLQAw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Bratislava]], Slovakia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Bratislava-Vrakuňa, Slovakia |url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nska,+Bratislava,+Slovakia&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=48.1449,17.204762&spn=0.012943,0.01929&sll=49.168966,16.583433&sspn=0.050731,0.077162&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nska,+Bratislava,+Slovakia&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Brno]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Brno-Brno-Bohunice,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=49.168966,16.583433&spn=0.050731,0.077162&sll=53.800651,-4.064941&sspn=11.74868,19.753418&oq=armens&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Brno-Bohunice,+Czech+Republic&z=14&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Bucharest]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Strada Armenească București, Romania|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=Str+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Bucharest,+Romania&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40b1ff371b6fa5cf:0x5fb74ed87177b516,Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Bucure%C8%99ti,+Romania&gl=us&ei=aWCDULzAF_G10AG_1IFY&ved=0CCAQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Örmény utca
| {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Budapest]], Hungary
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Budapest, Örmény utca, Hungary|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Budapest,+%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+utca,+Hungary&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=47.197275,20.582482&sspn=0.026361,0.038581&oq=%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+ut&t=h&hnear=1103+Budapest,+%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+utca,+Hungary&z=17|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Inmigrantes de Armenia
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Plaza Armenia Costa Rica, City of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Plaza+Armenia+Buenos+Aires&ie=UTF-8&ei=13zCUrKdLqmysASZ7IDoDA&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} Buenos Aires, Argentina
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Mapa de Calle Armenia|url=http://www.derutasydestinos.com/calles_capital_federal_armenia.html|publisher=deRutasyDestinos.com|accessdate=11 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Armenie
| {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Casablanca]], Morocco
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d Armenie Dar-el-Beida, Morocco |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=rue+Armenie+Casablanca&ie=UTF-8&ei=_YHCUsH1C6LjsAT6zYHAAQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, Chennai|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|India}} [[Chennai]], India
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St, George Town Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India |url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=armenian+street+chennai&ll=13.197165,79.870605&spn=5.837727,10.821533&client=firefox-a&hnear=Armenian+St,+George+Town,+Chennai,+Tamil+Nadu,+India&gl=us&t=h&z=7|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ro:Strada Armenească din Chișinău|Strada Armenească]]
| {{flagicon|Moldova}} [[Chișinău]], [[Moldova]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=ул. Армянская Chisinau, Moldova|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40c97c30011730e5:0xcd290dddc2c24c0,%D1%83%D0%BB.+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,+Chisinau,+Moldova&gl=us&ei=N_pTUOyjKuXs0gHt4YDwDQ&ved=0CCMQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Armenie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Clamart]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie Clamart, France|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+D%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+paris&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=48.814586,2.260834&sspn=0.004062,0.010568&t=h&gl=us&hnear=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+92140+Clamart,+Hauts-de-Seine,+%C3%8Ele-de-France,+France&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:fr:Esplanade d'Arménie|Esplanade d'Arménie]]
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], France
| align=center|<ref>{{cite news |title=One of central parts of Paris named after Armenia |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1065656 |agency=[[Armenpress]] |date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127112346/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1065656/ |archive-date=27 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
| Rue Armenia
| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Dollard-des-Ormeaux]], Quebec, Canada
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue Armenia Dollard-des-Ormeaux, QC H9B, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+ArmeniaDollard-des-Ormeaux&ie=UTF-8&ei=uDHDUq_-CozesATFiIHADA&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[El Ejido]], [[Spain]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Calle Armenia, El Ejido, Spain|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Calle+Armenia,+El+Ejido,+Spain&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=36.772339,-2.799298&spn=0.002471,0.005284&sll=-23.641576,-46.49531&sspn=0.005651,0.010568&oq=calle+armenia&t=h&hnear=Calle+Armenia,+04700+El+Ejido,+Almer%C3%ADa,+Spain&z=18|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Avenue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Gardanne]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Avenue d'Arménie 13120 Gardanne, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=avenue+d%27arm%C3%A9nie+gardanne&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x12c993bf4139662f:0x1618c2b27e89b400,Avenue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+13120+Gardanne,+France&gl=us&ei=AXrCUqi7KoHroASz8oDADw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Zaułek Ormiański
| {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Gdańsk]], Poland
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Zaułek Ormiański Gdańsk, Poland |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Zau%C5%82ek+Ormia%C5%84ski+Gda%C5%84sk,+Poland+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x46fd73a2089f0223:0x86da57c9cba64183,Zau%C5%82ek+Ormia%C5%84ski,+Gda%C5%84sk,+Poland&gl=us&ei=6J3AUvqCAsmssAT854CQDg&ved=0CDEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, George Town|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|MAS}} [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], [[Penang]], Malaysia
|
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Gherla]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+405300+Gherla,+Romania/@45.818804,22.7024451,7z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4749bdbc389f8de1:0xc29fac189b558ad4!8m2!3d47.0301571!4d23.9105952!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F1vy7fc5_?entry=tts | title=Strada Armenească · 405300 Gherla, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Grenoble]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 38000 Grenoble, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=10+rue+d%27arm%C3%A9nie+grenoble&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x478af37fd5a9c689:0xdb2d1c9f33fd440,10+Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+38000+Grenoble,+France&gl=us&ei=1nnCUuKbO43koASg8oCwAg&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Ineu]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Romania/@46.424998,21.8418649,14.46z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4745f7690b7cc74b:0xeefcfe30082a5504!8m2!3d46.4186544!4d21.8463543!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F11fzv9rmkn?entry=tts | title=STR. Armenească · Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Вірменська вулиця (Київ)|Virmenska vulytsya (Вірменська вулиця)]]
| {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Kyiv]], Ukraine
|
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Kladno]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Kladno, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Kladno,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=50.134334,14.137688&spn=0.09947,0.154324&sll=48.1449,17.204762&sspn=0.012943,0.01929&oq=Arm%C3%A9nska,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Kladno,+Czech+Republic&z=13|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Street
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kolkata]], India
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St, Avikar India Private Limited, Barabazar Market Kolkata, West Bengal, India|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenian+Street,+Barabazar+Market,+Kolkata,+West+Bengal,+India&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x3a0277b0f32c58c7:0x7ea2477f531fc84c,Armenian+St,+Barabazar+Market,+Kolkata,+West+Bengal,+India&gl=us&ei=0OhwULKPCYqr0AGCkoDwAw&ved=0CCEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Larnaca]], [[Cyprus]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Larnaca, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Aradippou,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.936889,33.614656&spn=0.002401,0.005284&sll=35.151916,33.41217&sspn=0.080704,0.169086&oq=Armenias,+&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&z=18&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Limassol]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Agios Athanasios, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Agios+Athanasios,+Limassol,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.724684,33.067989&spn=0.077034,0.169086&sll=34.70634,33.053484&sspn=0.038526,0.084543&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Agios+Athanasios,+Limassol+4105,+Cyprus&z=13|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Livadia, Larnaca|Livadhia]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Livadhia, Larnaca, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Livadhia,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.953581,33.622456&spn=0.009603,0.021136&sll=34.936889,33.614656&sspn=0.002401,0.005284&oq=Armenias,+&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Livadhia,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} {{ill|Lunca (C.A. Rosetti), Buzău|lt=Lunca|ro}}, Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Lunca,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x40b114fdf5bffa11:0x88818a411b725f99!8m2!3d45.0074647!4d27.2071305!16s%2Fg%2F11rd94h1b0?entry=ttu | title=STR. Armenească · Lunca, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:uk:Вулиця Вірменська (Львів)|Vulytsya Virmenska (Вулиця Вірменська)]]
| {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Lviv]], Ukraine
|
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Lyon]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 69003 Lyon, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie+69003+Lyon,+France+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF8&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&spell=1|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Mioveni]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+115400+Mioveni,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8.46z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x40b2b94c60abf625:0x4273d2cf5e95d88e!8m2!3d44.9064425!4d24.9037066!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F11gcdnhrq4?entry=tts | title=STR. Armenească · 115400 Mioveni, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armeneasca
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Mogoșoaia]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasca,+Mogo%C8%99oaia,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x40b204fadec75d2b:0x7976ff3fa7d5299c!8m2!3d44.5261173!4d25.9856068!16s%2Fg%2F1tlwd49t?entry=ttu | title=STR. Armeneasca · Mogoșoaia, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Armenia
| {{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Montevideo]], Uruguay
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=PLAZA ARMENIA, Tomás de Tezanos, Montevideo, Montevideo Department, Uruguay|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=montevideo%20armenia&psj=1&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.52164340,d.dmg,pv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O&biw=1280&bih=628&dpr=1&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&sa=N&tab=wl|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=16 September 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Армянский переулок (Москва)|Armyanskiy pereulok (Армянский переулок)]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Moscow]], Russia
|
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Nice, France|Nice]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie Nice, France|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=rue+D%27Arm%C3%A9nie+nice,+france&ie=UTF8&client=firefox-a&hnear=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+06000+Nice,+Alpes-Maritimes,+Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te+d%27Azur,+France&gl=us&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Nicosia]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Strovolos, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Strovolos,+Nicosia,+Cyprus&hl=en&sll=34.840859,33.392944&sspn=2.592186,5.410767&oq=armenias&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Strovolos,+Nicosia,+Cyprus&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
|Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Porto, Portugal|Porto]], [[Portugal]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua da Arménia, Porto, Portugal|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+da+Arm%C3%A9nia,+Porto,+Portugal&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=41.142166,-8.618726&spn=0.001161,0.002642&sll=-12.909351,-38.405175&sspn=0.001503,0.002642&oq=Rua+da+Arm%C3%AAnia&t=h&hnear=Rua+da+Arm%C3%A9nia,+Porto,+Portugal&z=19|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Prague]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Praha-Vršovice, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Vr%C5%A1ovice,+Prague-Prague+10,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=49.757316,16.451683&sspn=0.200503,0.308647&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1+1372/10,+101+00+Praha,+Czech+Republic&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Armenia
| {{flagicon|CHL}} [[Puerto Williams]], Chile
| {{center|<ref>{{cite news|title=Prominent Argentine businessman opens Plaza Armenia in Puerto Williams|url=http://www.acercandonaciones.com/en/cultura/destacado-empresario-argentino-inaugura-plaza-armenia-en-puerto-williams.html|accessdate=21 October 2012|agency=Acercando Naciones|archive-date=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235747/http://www.acercandonaciones.com/en/cultura/destacado-empresario-argentino-inaugura-plaza-armenia-en-puerto-williams.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Armenia square opens in Chile|url=http://news.am/eng/news/91265.html|accessdate=21 October 2012|date=30 January 2012|agency=News.am}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ribeirão das Neves]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Conjunto Henrique Sapori Ribeirão das Neves - MG, 33823-030, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Conjunto+Henrique+Sapori,+Ribeir%C3%A3o+das+Neves+-+Minas+Gerais,+33823-030,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=-19.766815,-44.139107&spn=0.001451,0.002642&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FZph0v4d9Xxe_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Conjunto+Henrique+Sapori,+Minas+Gerais,+33823-030,+Brazil&t=h&z=19&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Paraíso, São Gonçalo - Rio de Janeiro, 24431-460, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Para%C3%ADso,+S%C3%A3o+Gon%C3%A7alo+-+Rio+de+Janeiro,+24431-460,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FTeko_4dBKJu_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Para%C3%ADso,+Rio+de+Janeiro,+24431-460,+Brazil&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armayanskaya ulitsa (Армянская улица)
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rostov-on-Don]], Russia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armyanskaya ulitsa Rostov-na-Donu, Rostovskaya oblast', Russia|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83.&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40e3b7dd82d75979:0x5a44978d3bf80753,Armyanskaya+ulitsa,+Rostov-na-Donu,+Russia&gl=us&ei=eYGEUJ7cDKm30AG25YFA&ved=0CB8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Presidente Altino Osasco - SP, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Presidente+Altino,+Osasco+-+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FYQDmf4dk2U2_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Presidente+Altino,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Santana São Paulo - SP, 02451-060, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+Santana,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=-23.498239,-46.644323&spn=0.005372,0.010568&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=37.956457,86.572266&oq=rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+&t=h&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Santana,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+02451-060,+Brazil&z=17|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia, Jardim Passárgada I, São Paulo, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+Jardim+Pass%C3%A1rgada+I,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=-23.498239,-46.644323&sspn=0.005372,0.010568&oq=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+&t=h&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Jardim+Pass%C3%A1rgada+I,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+06712-215,+Brazil&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Sevilla]], [[Spain]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Calle Armenia, Utrera, Sevilla, Spain|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Calle+Armenia,+Utrera,+Spain&hl=en&ll=37.188023,-5.776234&spn=0.004915,0.010568&sll=36.772339,-2.799298&sspn=0.002471,0.005284&oq=Calle+Armenia,+&t=h&hnear=Calle+Armenia,+41710+Utrera,+Sevilla,+Spain&z=17|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Road
| {{flagicon|US}} [[Sherman (town), New York|Sherman, New York]], United States
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian Rd Sherman, NY 14781|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenian+Rd+Sherman,+NY+14781&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x882d59e95dd52f55:0x8ca2495b4bbaf564,Armenian+Rd,+Sherman,+NY+14781&gl=us&ei=--hwUK-IIYnj0gG_toCYAg&ved=0CCQQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, Singapore|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|SIN}} [[Singapore]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St Singapore|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40c97c30011730e5:0xcd290dddc2c24c0,%D1%83%D0%BB.+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,+Chisinau,+Moldova&gl=us&ei=N_pTUOyjKuXs0gHt4YDwDQ&ved=0CCMQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Suceava]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Suceava,+Romania/@45.5116936,23.669242,7z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4734fc2517bbb5b1:0xc952211b8877c05b!8m2!3d47.6483756!4d26.2557709!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F1tcxnfj_?entry=tts | title=Strada Armenească · Suceava, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Svitavy]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Svitavy, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Svitavy,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=49.757316,16.451683&spn=0.200503,0.308647&sll=50.134334,14.137688&sspn=0.09947,0.154324&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Svitavy,+Czech+Republic&z=12|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| North Armenia Avenue
| {{flagicon|US}} [[Tampa, Florida]], United States
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=N Armenia Ave Tampa, FL|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=N+Armenia+Ave+Tampa,+FL&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x88c2c1513af80249:0xd6f692881226ab19,N+Armenia+Ave,+Tampa,+FL&gl=us&ei=KH_BUp6WKbPNsATk04HwDA&ved=0CC4Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=30 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Valence, Drôme|Valence]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 26000 Valence, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=rue+d%27armenie+valence&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x47f559d4a09885d9:0x34253b016b83b8ab,Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+26000+Valence,+France&gl=us&ei=jXnCUuydA8T8oATdi4DIAw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenierplatz<ref>The [[Armenian Apostolic]] [[Rhipsime|St. Hripsime]] Church is located there</ref>
| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Vienna]], Austria
| {{center|<ref>[[:File:Armenierplatz 01.JPG]]</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Vironas]], Greece
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Vironas, Greece|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Vironas,+Greece&hl=en&ll=37.945551,23.772976&spn=0.00973,0.021136&sll=34.722567,33.067989&sspn=0.081128,0.169086&oq=Armenias,+greec&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Vironas,+Greece&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Армянская улица (Владикавказ)|Armayanskaya ulitsa (Армянская улица)]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Vladikavkaz]], Russia
|
|-
| Ormiańska street
| {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Zamość]], Poland
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Ormiańska Zamość, Poland|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Ormia%C5%84ska+zamosc&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&hnear=Ormia%C5%84ska,+Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87,+lubelskie,+Poland&gl=us&t=h&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
|}

==Other==
[[File:Brug293-1a.jpg|thumbnail|Armenian Bridge (''Armeensebrug'') and Armenian Apostolic Church (the yellow building on the left) in [[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]]]]

;Metro stations
*{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Armênia (São Paulo Metro)|Armênia]], a [[São Paulo Metro]] station

;Parks
*{{flagicon|US}} [[Armenian Heritage Park]], Boston, Massachusetts
*{{flagicon|Canada}} Parc de l'Arménie, Montreal<ref>{{cite web|title=Parc de l'Arménie Montreal, QC H4J 1L4, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Parc+de+l'Armenie+Montreal&ie=UTF-8&ei=OH_CUuXVC-3ksATV74CADw&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>

;Rivers
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Mureș (river)#Tributaries|Ormeniș]], tributary of the [[Mureș (river)|Mureș]] in [[Transylvania]], Romania
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Olt (river)#Tributaries|Ormeniș]], tributary of the [[Olt (river)|Olt]], Romania

;Other
*{{flagicon|Netherlands}} {{ill|Armeensebrug|nl}} (''Armenian Bridge''), [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands <ref>{{cite web |title=Armeensebrug, brug 293 in de Keizerstraat over de Krom Boomssloot. |url=https://www.bruggenvanamsterdam.nl/kromboomssloot_hoek_korte_keizer.htm |website=www.bruggenvanamsterdam.nl |accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Armenia Dam]], in the Leeu River, near [[Hobhouse, Free State|Hobhouse]], [[Free State (South African province)|Free State]], South Africa<ref>{{cite web |title=South Africa |url=http://diaspora.gov.am/en/pages/39/southafrica |website=diaspora.gov.am |publisher=Office of the High Commissioner for Diaspora Affairs of Armenia |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210501175743/http://diaspora.gov.am/en/diasporas/23/southafrica |archive-date=1 May 2021}}</ref>
*[[Armenian Quarter]] of the [[Old City of Jerusalem]]
*{{flagicon|US}} [[Old Armenian Town, Fresno, California]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Places named after Armenia}}
[[Category:Armenia geography-related lists|Places named after Armenia]]
[[Category:Lists of place names|Armenia]]

List of places named after Armenia

2024-09-09T00:50:09Z

RaffiKojian: /* Other */ Armenian Quarter

{{short description|Places named after Armenia}}
{{expand list|date=December 2013}}
[[File:Av Bolívar desde ASW.jpg|thumb|[[Armenia, Colombia]], a town of 300,000 is the largest town in the world named Armenia.]]

Numerous cities, towns, villages and streets around the world are named after [[Armenia]]. Some of them are listed below.

==Settlements==
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
;Americas
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Armenia, Colombia]]
* {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Armenia, Antioquia]], Colombia
* {{flagicon|Belize}} [[Armenia, Belize]]
* {{flagicon|Ecuador}} [[Armenia, Ecuador]]
* {{flagicon|El Salvador}} [[Armenia, Sonsonate]], El Salvador
* {{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Nueva Armenia]], [[Honduras]]
* {{flagicon|Honduras}} [[Armenia Bonito, Atlántida]], Honduras
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia, Wisconsin]]
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia Gardens Estates]], Tampa, Florida
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Armenia Township, Pennsylvania]]
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Little Armenia, Los Angeles|Little Armenia]], [[East Hollywood]], Los Angeles, California
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Old Armenian Town, Fresno, California]]
{{Col-2}}
;Asia
* {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Armanitola]], [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
* {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Armenikend]], [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]] (formerly)
;Europe
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Armeniș]], Romania
* {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Armenoi]], Crete, Greece
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[San Lazzaro degli Armeni]], Italy
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Armyansk]], [[Crimea]], [[Russia]]
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[:ru:Армянский (Апшеронский район)|Armyanskiy]], Apsheronskiy rayon, Krasnodar Krai, Russia
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[:ru:Армянский (Крымский район)|Armyanskiy]], Krymskiy rayon, [[Krasnodar Krai]], Russia
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Gherla]], Romania - was once known as Armenopolis
* {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[:hu:Örményes (Magyarország)|Örményes]], Hungary
* {{flagicon|Greece}} Ormos Armenis (Όρμος Αρμένης), [[Oia, Greece]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Ormos Armenis 847 02 Greece |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%CE%8C%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%91%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82&ie=UTF-8&ei=iEXDUuPpKazisASByYHQDQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Urmeniș]], Romania
{{Col-end}}

==Streets and squares==
[[File:Armenias Street sign in Nicosia, Cyprus 2022.jpg|thumbnail|Armenias Street in [[Nicosia]], [[Cyprus]].]]
[[Image:Lebuh Armenian Penang Dec 2006 002.jpg|thumb|[[Armenian Street, George Town|Armenian Street]] in [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], [[Penang]], [[Malaysia]]]]
[[File:Вулиця Вірменська Львів.jpg|thumb|Armenian Street in [[Old Town (Lviv)|Lviv's Old Town]] ]]
[[File:Armenierplatz 01.JPG|thumb|Armenian Square (Armenierplatz) in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]]]
[[File:Ormianska1.JPG|thumb|The Armenian Houses of [[Zamość]], [[Poland]] built by 17th century Armenian merchants<ref>{{cite book|last=Bedford|first=Neal|title=Poland.|year=2008|publisher=Lonely Planet|location=Footscray, Vic.|isbn=978-1741044799|page=252|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qe3UzP5I2vsC|edition=6th}}</ref>]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="width:20em" |Name
! style="width:20em" |Location
! style="width:2em" |Ref
|-
| Armenia Drive
| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Bedford, Nova Scotia]], Canada
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia Dr Bedford, NS B4A 4H6, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenia+Dr+Bedford,+NS+B4A+4H6,+Canada+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x4b598a170dcab019:0x4e2564ab99b96cd,Armenia+Dr,+Bedford,+NS+B4A+4H6,+Canada&gl=us&ei=-H7CUtO6FvPKsATs9oGoDQ&ved=0CDEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenia Street
| {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Beirut]], Lebanon
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia St, Beirut, Lebanon |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenia+St,+Beirut,+Lebanon&ie=UTF-8&ei=wX_CUortIbKlsQSmzICgDQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenische Straße
| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Berlin]], Germany
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenische Straße 13349 Berlin, Germany |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=armenische+stra%C3%9Fe+berlin&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x47a853d306b93a8f:0x552768c62eeca371,Armenische+Stra%C3%9Fe,+D-13349+Berlin,+Germany&gl=us&ei=ZXrCUrOmK8y6oQTmlYLQAw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Bratislava]], Slovakia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Bratislava-Vrakuňa, Slovakia |url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nska,+Bratislava,+Slovakia&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=48.1449,17.204762&spn=0.012943,0.01929&sll=49.168966,16.583433&sspn=0.050731,0.077162&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nska,+Bratislava,+Slovakia&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Brno]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Brno-Brno-Bohunice,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=49.168966,16.583433&spn=0.050731,0.077162&sll=53.800651,-4.064941&sspn=11.74868,19.753418&oq=armens&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Brno-Bohunice,+Czech+Republic&z=14&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Bucharest]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Strada Armenească București, Romania|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=Str+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Bucharest,+Romania&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40b1ff371b6fa5cf:0x5fb74ed87177b516,Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Bucure%C8%99ti,+Romania&gl=us&ei=aWCDULzAF_G10AG_1IFY&ved=0CCAQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Örmény utca
| {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Budapest]], Hungary
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Budapest, Örmény utca, Hungary|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Budapest,+%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+utca,+Hungary&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=47.197275,20.582482&sspn=0.026361,0.038581&oq=%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+ut&t=h&hnear=1103+Budapest,+%C3%96rm%C3%A9ny+utca,+Hungary&z=17|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Inmigrantes de Armenia
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Plaza Armenia Costa Rica, City of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Plaza+Armenia+Buenos+Aires&ie=UTF-8&ei=13zCUrKdLqmysASZ7IDoDA&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Argentina}} Buenos Aires, Argentina
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Mapa de Calle Armenia|url=http://www.derutasydestinos.com/calles_capital_federal_armenia.html|publisher=deRutasyDestinos.com|accessdate=11 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Armenie
| {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Casablanca]], Morocco
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d Armenie Dar-el-Beida, Morocco |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=rue+Armenie+Casablanca&ie=UTF-8&ei=_YHCUsH1C6LjsAT6zYHAAQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, Chennai|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|India}} [[Chennai]], India
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St, George Town Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India |url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=armenian+street+chennai&ll=13.197165,79.870605&spn=5.837727,10.821533&client=firefox-a&hnear=Armenian+St,+George+Town,+Chennai,+Tamil+Nadu,+India&gl=us&t=h&z=7|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ro:Strada Armenească din Chișinău|Strada Armenească]]
| {{flagicon|Moldova}} [[Chișinău]], [[Moldova]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=ул. Армянская Chisinau, Moldova|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40c97c30011730e5:0xcd290dddc2c24c0,%D1%83%D0%BB.+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,+Chisinau,+Moldova&gl=us&ei=N_pTUOyjKuXs0gHt4YDwDQ&ved=0CCMQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Armenie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Clamart]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie Clamart, France|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+D%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+paris&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=48.814586,2.260834&sspn=0.004062,0.010568&t=h&gl=us&hnear=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+92140+Clamart,+Hauts-de-Seine,+%C3%8Ele-de-France,+France&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:fr:Esplanade d'Arménie|Esplanade d'Arménie]]
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], France
| align=center|<ref>{{cite news |title=One of central parts of Paris named after Armenia |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1065656 |agency=[[Armenpress]] |date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127112346/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1065656/ |archive-date=27 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
| Rue Armenia
| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Dollard-des-Ormeaux]], Quebec, Canada
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue Armenia Dollard-des-Ormeaux, QC H9B, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+ArmeniaDollard-des-Ormeaux&ie=UTF-8&ei=uDHDUq_-CozesATFiIHADA&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[El Ejido]], [[Spain]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Calle Armenia, El Ejido, Spain|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Calle+Armenia,+El+Ejido,+Spain&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=36.772339,-2.799298&spn=0.002471,0.005284&sll=-23.641576,-46.49531&sspn=0.005651,0.010568&oq=calle+armenia&t=h&hnear=Calle+Armenia,+04700+El+Ejido,+Almer%C3%ADa,+Spain&z=18|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Avenue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Gardanne]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Avenue d'Arménie 13120 Gardanne, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=avenue+d%27arm%C3%A9nie+gardanne&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x12c993bf4139662f:0x1618c2b27e89b400,Avenue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+13120+Gardanne,+France&gl=us&ei=AXrCUqi7KoHroASz8oDADw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Zaułek Ormiański
| {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Gdańsk]], Poland
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Zaułek Ormiański Gdańsk, Poland |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Zau%C5%82ek+Ormia%C5%84ski+Gda%C5%84sk,+Poland+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x46fd73a2089f0223:0x86da57c9cba64183,Zau%C5%82ek+Ormia%C5%84ski,+Gda%C5%84sk,+Poland&gl=us&ei=6J3AUvqCAsmssAT854CQDg&ved=0CDEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, George Town|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|MAS}} [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], [[Penang]], Malaysia
|
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Gherla]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+405300+Gherla,+Romania/@45.818804,22.7024451,7z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4749bdbc389f8de1:0xc29fac189b558ad4!8m2!3d47.0301571!4d23.9105952!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F1vy7fc5_?entry=tts | title=Strada Armenească · 405300 Gherla, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Grenoble]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 38000 Grenoble, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=10+rue+d%27arm%C3%A9nie+grenoble&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x478af37fd5a9c689:0xdb2d1c9f33fd440,10+Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+38000+Grenoble,+France&gl=us&ei=1nnCUuKbO43koASg8oCwAg&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Ineu]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Romania/@46.424998,21.8418649,14.46z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4745f7690b7cc74b:0xeefcfe30082a5504!8m2!3d46.4186544!4d21.8463543!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F11fzv9rmkn?entry=tts | title=STR. Armenească · Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Вірменська вулиця (Київ)|Virmenska vulytsya (Вірменська вулиця)]]
| {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Kyiv]], Ukraine
|
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Kladno]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Kladno, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Kladno,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=50.134334,14.137688&spn=0.09947,0.154324&sll=48.1449,17.204762&sspn=0.012943,0.01929&oq=Arm%C3%A9nska,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Kladno,+Czech+Republic&z=13|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Street
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kolkata]], India
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St, Avikar India Private Limited, Barabazar Market Kolkata, West Bengal, India|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenian+Street,+Barabazar+Market,+Kolkata,+West+Bengal,+India&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x3a0277b0f32c58c7:0x7ea2477f531fc84c,Armenian+St,+Barabazar+Market,+Kolkata,+West+Bengal,+India&gl=us&ei=0OhwULKPCYqr0AGCkoDwAw&ved=0CCEQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Larnaca]], [[Cyprus]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Larnaca, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Aradippou,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.936889,33.614656&spn=0.002401,0.005284&sll=35.151916,33.41217&sspn=0.080704,0.169086&oq=Armenias,+&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&z=18&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Limassol]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Agios Athanasios, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Agios+Athanasios,+Limassol,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.724684,33.067989&spn=0.077034,0.169086&sll=34.70634,33.053484&sspn=0.038526,0.084543&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Agios+Athanasios,+Limassol+4105,+Cyprus&z=13|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Livadia, Larnaca|Livadhia]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Livadhia, Larnaca, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Livadhia,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&hl=en&ll=34.953581,33.622456&spn=0.009603,0.021136&sll=34.936889,33.614656&sspn=0.002401,0.005284&oq=Armenias,+&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Livadhia,+Larnaca,+Cyprus&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} {{ill|Lunca (C.A. Rosetti), Buzău|lt=Lunca|ro}}, Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Lunca,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x40b114fdf5bffa11:0x88818a411b725f99!8m2!3d45.0074647!4d27.2071305!16s%2Fg%2F11rd94h1b0?entry=ttu | title=STR. Armenească · Lunca, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:uk:Вулиця Вірменська (Львів)|Vulytsya Virmenska (Вулиця Вірменська)]]
| {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Lviv]], Ukraine
|
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Lyon]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 69003 Lyon, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie+69003+Lyon,+France+%E2%80%8E&ie=UTF8&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&spell=1|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Mioveni]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasc%C4%83,+115400+Mioveni,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8.46z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x40b2b94c60abf625:0x4273d2cf5e95d88e!8m2!3d44.9064425!4d24.9037066!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F11gcdnhrq4?entry=tts | title=STR. Armenească · 115400 Mioveni, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Str. Armeneasca
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Mogoșoaia]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Str.+Armeneasca,+Mogo%C8%99oaia,+Romania/@44.6890509,25.0762364,8z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x40b204fadec75d2b:0x7976ff3fa7d5299c!8m2!3d44.5261173!4d25.9856068!16s%2Fg%2F1tlwd49t?entry=ttu | title=STR. Armeneasca · Mogoșoaia, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Armenia
| {{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Montevideo]], Uruguay
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=PLAZA ARMENIA, Tomás de Tezanos, Montevideo, Montevideo Department, Uruguay|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=montevideo%20armenia&psj=1&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.52164340,d.dmg,pv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O&biw=1280&bih=628&dpr=1&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&sa=N&tab=wl|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=16 September 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Армянский переулок (Москва)|Armyanskiy pereulok (Армянский переулок)]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Moscow]], Russia
|
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Nice, France|Nice]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie Nice, France|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=rue+D%27Arm%C3%A9nie+nice,+france&ie=UTF8&client=firefox-a&hnear=Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+06000+Nice,+Alpes-Maritimes,+Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te+d%27Azur,+France&gl=us&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Nicosia]], Cyprus
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Strovolos, Cyprus|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Strovolos,+Nicosia,+Cyprus&hl=en&sll=34.840859,33.392944&sspn=2.592186,5.410767&oq=armenias&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Strovolos,+Nicosia,+Cyprus&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
|Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Porto, Portugal|Porto]], [[Portugal]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua da Arménia, Porto, Portugal|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+da+Arm%C3%A9nia,+Porto,+Portugal&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=41.142166,-8.618726&spn=0.001161,0.002642&sll=-12.909351,-38.405175&sspn=0.001503,0.002642&oq=Rua+da+Arm%C3%AAnia&t=h&hnear=Rua+da+Arm%C3%A9nia,+Porto,+Portugal&z=19|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Prague]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Praha-Vršovice, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Vr%C5%A1ovice,+Prague-Prague+10,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=49.757316,16.451683&sspn=0.200503,0.308647&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1+1372/10,+101+00+Praha,+Czech+Republic&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Plaza Armenia
| {{flagicon|CHL}} [[Puerto Williams]], Chile
| {{center|<ref>{{cite news|title=Prominent Argentine businessman opens Plaza Armenia in Puerto Williams|url=http://www.acercandonaciones.com/en/cultura/destacado-empresario-argentino-inaugura-plaza-armenia-en-puerto-williams.html|accessdate=21 October 2012|agency=Acercando Naciones|archive-date=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235747/http://www.acercandonaciones.com/en/cultura/destacado-empresario-argentino-inaugura-plaza-armenia-en-puerto-williams.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Armenia square opens in Chile|url=http://news.am/eng/news/91265.html|accessdate=21 October 2012|date=30 January 2012|agency=News.am}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ribeirão das Neves]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Conjunto Henrique Sapori Ribeirão das Neves - MG, 33823-030, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Conjunto+Henrique+Sapori,+Ribeir%C3%A3o+das+Neves+-+Minas+Gerais,+33823-030,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=-19.766815,-44.139107&spn=0.001451,0.002642&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FZph0v4d9Xxe_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Conjunto+Henrique+Sapori,+Minas+Gerais,+33823-030,+Brazil&t=h&z=19&iwloc=A|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Paraíso, São Gonçalo - Rio de Janeiro, 24431-460, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Para%C3%ADso,+S%C3%A3o+Gon%C3%A7alo+-+Rio+de+Janeiro,+24431-460,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FTeko_4dBKJu_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Para%C3%ADso,+Rio+de+Janeiro,+24431-460,+Brazil&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armayanskaya ulitsa (Армянская улица)
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rostov-on-Don]], Russia
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armyanskaya ulitsa Rostov-na-Donu, Rostovskaya oblast', Russia|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83.&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40e3b7dd82d75979:0x5a44978d3bf80753,Armyanskaya+ulitsa,+Rostov-na-Donu,+Russia&gl=us&ei=eYGEUJ7cDKm30AG25YFA&ved=0CB8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Presidente Altino Osasco - SP, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Presidente+Altino,+Osasco+-+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&geocode=FYQDmf4dk2U2_Q&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Presidente+Altino,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&t=h&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia - Santana São Paulo - SP, 02451-060, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+Santana,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=-23.498239,-46.644323&spn=0.005372,0.010568&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=37.956457,86.572266&oq=rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+&t=h&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Santana,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+02451-060,+Brazil&z=17|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rua Armênia
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rua Armênia, Jardim Passárgada I, São Paulo, Brazil|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+Jardim+Pass%C3%A1rgada+I,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+Brazil&hl=en&ie=UTF8&sll=-23.498239,-46.644323&sspn=0.005372,0.010568&oq=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia,+&t=h&hnear=Rua+Arm%C3%AAnia+-+Jardim+Pass%C3%A1rgada+I,+S%C3%A3o+Paulo,+06712-215,+Brazil&z=16|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Calle Armenia
| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Sevilla]], [[Spain]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Calle Armenia, Utrera, Sevilla, Spain|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Calle+Armenia,+Utrera,+Spain&hl=en&ll=37.188023,-5.776234&spn=0.004915,0.010568&sll=36.772339,-2.799298&sspn=0.002471,0.005284&oq=Calle+Armenia,+&t=h&hnear=Calle+Armenia,+41710+Utrera,+Sevilla,+Spain&z=17|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenian Road
| {{flagicon|US}} [[Sherman (town), New York|Sherman, New York]], United States
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian Rd Sherman, NY 14781|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Armenian+Rd+Sherman,+NY+14781&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x882d59e95dd52f55:0x8ca2495b4bbaf564,Armenian+Rd,+Sherman,+NY+14781&gl=us&ei=--hwUK-IIYnj0gG_toCYAg&ved=0CCQQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=21 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Armenian Street, Singapore|Armenian Street]]
| {{flagicon|SIN}} [[Singapore]]
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian St Singapore|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x40c97c30011730e5:0xcd290dddc2c24c0,%D1%83%D0%BB.+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,+Chisinau,+Moldova&gl=us&ei=N_pTUOyjKuXs0gHt4YDwDQ&ved=0CCMQ8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=14 October 2012}}</ref>}}
|-
| Strada Armenească
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Suceava]], Romania
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strada+Armeneasc%C4%83,+Suceava,+Romania/@45.5116936,23.669242,7z/data=!4m7!3m6!1s0x4734fc2517bbb5b1:0xc952211b8877c05b!8m2!3d47.6483756!4d26.2557709!15sCgpBcm1lbmVhc2NhkgEFcm91dGXgAQA!16s%2Fg%2F1tcxnfj_?entry=tts | title=Strada Armenească · Suceava, Romania }}</ref>}}
|-
| ulice Arménská
| {{flagicon|Czech}} [[Svitavy]], Czech Republic
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Arménská, Svitavy, Czech Republic|url=https://www.google.co.uk/maps?q=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Svitavy,+Czech+Republic&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=49.757316,16.451683&spn=0.200503,0.308647&sll=50.134334,14.137688&sspn=0.09947,0.154324&oq=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+&t=h&hnear=Arm%C3%A9nsk%C3%A1,+Svitavy,+Czech+Republic&z=12|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=29 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| North Armenia Avenue
| {{flagicon|US}} [[Tampa, Florida]], United States
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=N Armenia Ave Tampa, FL|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=N+Armenia+Ave+Tampa,+FL&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x88c2c1513af80249:0xd6f692881226ab19,N+Armenia+Ave,+Tampa,+FL&gl=us&ei=KH_BUp6WKbPNsATk04HwDA&ved=0CC4Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=30 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Rue d'Arménie
| {{flagicon|France}} [[Valence, Drôme|Valence]], France
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rue d'Arménie 26000 Valence, France |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&q=rue+d%27armenie+valence&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x47f559d4a09885d9:0x34253b016b83b8ab,Rue+d%27Arm%C3%A9nie,+26000+Valence,+France&gl=us&ei=jXnCUuydA8T8oATdi4DIAw&ved=0CC8Q8gEwAA|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| Armenierplatz<ref>The [[Armenian Apostolic]] [[Rhipsime|St. Hripsime]] Church is located there</ref>
| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Vienna]], Austria
| {{center|<ref>[[:File:Armenierplatz 01.JPG]]</ref>}}
|-
| Armenias Street
| {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Vironas]], Greece
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenias Vironas, Greece|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Armenias,+Vironas,+Greece&hl=en&ll=37.945551,23.772976&spn=0.00973,0.021136&sll=34.722567,33.067989&sspn=0.081128,0.169086&oq=Armenias,+greec&t=h&hnear=Armenias,+Vironas,+Greece&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[:ru:Армянская улица (Владикавказ)|Armayanskaya ulitsa (Армянская улица)]]
| {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Vladikavkaz]], Russia
|
|-
| Ormiańska street
| {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Zamość]], Poland
| {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Ormiańska Zamość, Poland|url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=Ormia%C5%84ska+zamosc&ie=UTF8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&hnear=Ormia%C5%84ska,+Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87,+lubelskie,+Poland&gl=us&t=h&z=16|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>}}
|-
|}

==Other==
[[File:Brug293-1a.jpg|thumbnail|Armenian Bridge (''Armeensebrug'') and Armenian Apostolic Church (the yellow building on the left) in [[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]]]]

;Metro stations
*{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Armênia (São Paulo Metro)|Armênia]], a [[São Paulo Metro]] station

;Parks
*{{flagicon|US}} [[Armenian Heritage Park]], Boston, Massachusetts
*{{flagicon|Canada}} Parc de l'Arménie, Montreal<ref>{{cite web|title=Parc de l'Arménie Montreal, QC H4J 1L4, Canada |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Parc+de+l'Armenie+Montreal&ie=UTF-8&ei=OH_CUuXVC-3ksATV74CADw&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAg|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref>

;Rivers
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Mureș (river)#Tributaries|Ormeniș]], tributary of the [[Mureș (river)|Mureș]] in [[Transylvania]], Romania
* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Olt (river)#Tributaries|Ormeniș]], tributary of the [[Olt (river)|Olt]], Romania

;Other
*{{flagicon|Netherlands}} {{ill|Armeensebrug|nl}} (''Armenian Bridge''), [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands <ref>{{cite web |title=Armeensebrug, brug 293 in de Keizerstraat over de Krom Boomssloot. |url=https://www.bruggenvanamsterdam.nl/kromboomssloot_hoek_korte_keizer.htm |website=www.bruggenvanamsterdam.nl |accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Armenia Dam]], in the Leeu River, near [[Hobhouse, Free State|Hobhouse]], [[Free State (South African province)|Free State]], South Africa<ref>{{cite web |title=South Africa |url=http://diaspora.gov.am/en/pages/39/southafrica |website=diaspora.gov.am |publisher=Office of the High Commissioner for Diaspora Affairs of Armenia |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210501175743/http://diaspora.gov.am/en/diasporas/23/southafrica |archive-date=1 May 2021}}</ref>
*[[Armenian Quarter]] of the [[Old City of Jerusalem]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Places named after Armenia}}
[[Category:Armenia geography-related lists|Places named after Armenia]]
[[Category:Lists of place names|Armenia]]

Armenian Street, George Town

2024-09-09T00:45:32Z

RaffiKojian:

{{Short description|Street in Penang, Malaysia}}
{{Coord|5|24|53.08|N|100|20|17.2|E|display=title}}{{Infobox street
| location = [[George Town, Penang|George Town]]
| name = Armenian Street
| native_name = {{plainlist|
*{{Lang-ms|Lebuh Armenian}}
*{{Lang-zh|s=本头公巷|t=本頭公巷|scase=yes}}
*{{Lang-zh|s=打铜仔街|t=打銅仔街|scase=yes}}
*{{Lang-ta|ஆர்மேனியன் வீதி}}
}}
| maint = [[Penang Island City Council]]
| image = Armenian street-penang-095749145.jpg
| inauguration_date = 1808
| direction_a = West
| direction_b = East
| terminus_a = Acheen Street
| terminus_b = [[Beach Street, George Town|Beach Street]]
| embedded = {{PRoad|LEBUH ARMENIAN|Armenian St|10200 P. PINANG}}{{designation list | embed=yes
| designation1=WHS
| designation1_partof=[[George Town, Penang|George Town]] [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site|Core Zone]]
| designation1_date = 2008 (32nd [[World Heritage Committee|session]])
| designation1_type = Cultural
| designation1_criteria = ii, iii, iv
| designation1_number = 1223
| designation1_free1name = Region
| designation1_free1value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Asia|Asia-Pacific]]
}}
}}
'''Armenian Street''' is a narrow street in the city of [[George Town, Penang|George Town]] within the [[States and federal territories of Malaysia|Malaysian state]] of [[Penang]]. Located within the city's [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]], the road has gained popularity in recent years for its rich cultural offerings and street art.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/11/24/artist-captures-a-moment-in-painting-couple-tells-story-behind-zacharevics-famous-mural-on-armenian/|title=Couple tells story behind Zacharevic's famous mural on Armenian Street - Nation {{!}} The Star Online|last=Yeoh|first=Winnie|access-date=2017-02-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/metro/community/2016/12/13/penang-island-swamped-by-holiday-crowds-locals-and-foreign-visitors-flock-to-the-city-for-its-many-t/|title=Penang island swamped by holiday crowds - Community {{!}} The Star Online|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=2017-02-17}}</ref>

One of [[List of places named after Armenia|a number of places in the world]] that was named after the nation-state of [[Armenia]], Armenian Street was originally part of a Malay settlement. The subsequent influx of Armenians and [[Penangite Chinese|Chinese]] helped to shape the street's multicultural character. Notably, Armenian Street was also the site of [[Sun Yat-sen]]'s [[1910 Penang conference|Penang conference]], which ultimately contributed to the downfall of the [[Qing dynasty|Qing Empire]] in 1911.

[[File:Penang - Little Children on a Bicycle.JPG|left|thumb|'<nowiki/>''Children on a Bicycle''<nowiki/>' by [[Ernest Zacharevic]].]]
Today, Armenian Street is home to the famous '''Children on a Bicycle''<nowiki/>' mural by [[Ernest Zacharevic]] and various other forms of street art, as well as Chinese clan houses, museums, and shophouses that sell antiques and souvenirs.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timeout.com/penang/attractions/lebuh-armenian|title=Lebuh Armenian|newspaper=Time Out Penang|access-date=2017-02-17|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/12/travel/36-hours-penang-malaysia.html|title=36 Hours: Penang, Malaysia|last=Eckhardt|first=Robyn|date=2012-02-09|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=2017-02-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
[[File:Sun Yat-sen Penang Base.JPG|left|thumb|The [[Sun Yat-sen Museum Penang|Sun Yat-sen Museum]] was launched in 2002 in honour of [[Sun Yat-sen]], who planned the overthrow of the [[Qing dynasty|Qing Empire]] within this building.]]
[[File:Umbrella alley near Armenian Street (220921).jpg|thumb|Umbrella alley at Armenian Street]]

== History ==
[[File:Islamic Museum Penang Dec 2006 001.jpg|thumb|[[Penang Islamic Museum]]]]
Originally, Armenian Street was called Malay Lane, after a Malay settlement that used to exist around the area.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Streets of George Town, Penang|last=Khoo|first=Salma Nasution|publisher=Areca Books|year=2007|isbn=9789839886009|location=[[Penang]], [[Malaysia]]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/streetsofgeorget00khoo}}</ref> The Malay influences can still be seen to this day, particularly along the westernmost section of Armenian Street, where the [[Penang Islamic Museum]] is located.

By 1808, the street was renamed as Armenian Street due to the influx of [[Armenian merchantry|Armenian traders]] who resided along the road. The Armenians went on to establish St. Gregory's Church within [[George Town, Penang|George Town]] in 1822, while the [[Sarkies Brothers]] founded the [[Eastern & Oriental Hotel]] in the 1880s. The Armenian presence was short-lived, however, as most of the Armenians had already left by the time the church was demolished in 1937.

The [[Penangite Chinese|Chinese]] gradually took over most of Armenian Street around the mid 19th century and built clan houses, such as the [[Khoo Kongsi]], within the vicinity of the road. Concurrently, Armenian Street became notorious for Chinese triad activities, with the [[Hoklo people|Hokkien]]-dominated Khian Teik Society establishing itself along the road. As a result, Armenian Street witnessed heavy fighting during the 1867 Penang Riots, where the British authorities, reinforced with [[sepoy]]s, built blockades and used force to quell the turf war between rival Chinese and Malay secret societies.

In 1910, [[Sun Yat-sen]] chaired the [[1910 Penang conference|Penang conference]] within a townhouse at Armenian Street, during which he managed to raise [[Straits dollar|$]]8,000 for revolutionary activities in [[China]] against the ruling [[Qing dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2057619|title=Dr Sun Yat Sen: A revolutionist who will forever be remembered|website=www.thesundaily.my|language=en|access-date=2017-02-17}}</ref> The townhouse has since been converted into the [[Sun Yat-sen Museum Penang|Sun Yat-sen Museum]], which became one of the filming locations for the Chinese movie, ''[[Road to Dawn]]''.

== Landmarks ==
* '''Children on a Bicycle''<nowiki/>' wall mural by [[Ernest Zacharevic]]
* [[Sun Yat-sen Museum Penang|Sun Yat-sen Museum]]
* [[Penang Islamic Museum]]

== See also ==
{{Commons category|Armenian Street, George Town}}
* [[List of roads in George Town]]
* [[Architecture of Penang]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{GTRoad}}

[[Category:Roads in Penang]]
[[Category:George Town, Penang]]

Armenian Street, George Town

2024-09-09T00:45:03Z

RaffiKojian: wiki link to other places named after Armenia

{{Short description|Street in Penang, Malaysia}}
{{Coord|5|24|53.08|N|100|20|17.2|E|display=title}}{{Infobox street
| location = [[George Town, Penang|George Town]]
| name = Armenian Street
| native_name = {{plainlist|
*{{Lang-ms|Lebuh Armenian}}
*{{Lang-zh|s=本头公巷|t=本頭公巷|scase=yes}}
*{{Lang-zh|s=打铜仔街|t=打銅仔街|scase=yes}}
*{{Lang-ta|ஆர்மேனியன் வீதி}}
}}
| maint = [[Penang Island City Council]]
| image = Armenian street-penang-095749145.jpg
| inauguration_date = 1808
| direction_a = West
| direction_b = East
| terminus_a = Acheen Street
| terminus_b = [[Beach Street, George Town|Beach Street]]
| embedded = {{PRoad|LEBUH ARMENIAN|Armenian St|10200 P. PINANG}}{{designation list | embed=yes
| designation1=WHS
| designation1_partof=[[George Town, Penang|George Town]] [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site|Core Zone]]
| designation1_date = 2008 (32nd [[World Heritage Committee|session]])
| designation1_type = Cultural
| designation1_criteria = ii, iii, iv
| designation1_number = 1223
| designation1_free1name = Region
| designation1_free1value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Asia|Asia-Pacific]]
}}
}}
'''Armenian Street''' is a narrow street in the city of [[George Town, Penang|George Town]] within the [[States and federal territories of Malaysia|Malaysian state]] of [[Penang]]. Located within the city's [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]], the road has gained popularity in recent years for its rich cultural offerings and street art.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/11/24/artist-captures-a-moment-in-painting-couple-tells-story-behind-zacharevics-famous-mural-on-armenian/|title=Couple tells story behind Zacharevic's famous mural on Armenian Street - Nation {{!}} The Star Online|last=Yeoh|first=Winnie|access-date=2017-02-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/metro/community/2016/12/13/penang-island-swamped-by-holiday-crowds-locals-and-foreign-visitors-flock-to-the-city-for-its-many-t/|title=Penang island swamped by holiday crowds - Community {{!}} The Star Online|website=www.thestar.com.my|access-date=2017-02-17}}</ref>

One of the [[List of places named after Armenia|a number of places in the world]] that was named after the nation-state of [[Armenia]], Armenian Street was originally part of a Malay settlement. The subsequent influx of Armenians and [[Penangite Chinese|Chinese]] helped to shape the street's multicultural character. Notably, Armenian Street was also the site of [[Sun Yat-sen]]'s [[1910 Penang conference|Penang conference]], which ultimately contributed to the downfall of the [[Qing dynasty|Qing Empire]] in 1911.

[[File:Penang - Little Children on a Bicycle.JPG|left|thumb|'<nowiki/>''Children on a Bicycle''<nowiki/>' by [[Ernest Zacharevic]].]]
Today, Armenian Street is home to the famous '''Children on a Bicycle''<nowiki/>' mural by [[Ernest Zacharevic]] and various other forms of street art, as well as Chinese clan houses, museums, and shophouses that sell antiques and souvenirs.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timeout.com/penang/attractions/lebuh-armenian|title=Lebuh Armenian|newspaper=Time Out Penang|access-date=2017-02-17|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/12/travel/36-hours-penang-malaysia.html|title=36 Hours: Penang, Malaysia|last=Eckhardt|first=Robyn|date=2012-02-09|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=2017-02-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
[[File:Sun Yat-sen Penang Base.JPG|left|thumb|The [[Sun Yat-sen Museum Penang|Sun Yat-sen Museum]] was launched in 2002 in honour of [[Sun Yat-sen]], who planned the overthrow of the [[Qing dynasty|Qing Empire]] within this building.]]
[[File:Umbrella alley near Armenian Street (220921).jpg|thumb|Umbrella alley at Armenian Street]]

== History ==
[[File:Islamic Museum Penang Dec 2006 001.jpg|thumb|[[Penang Islamic Museum]]]]
Originally, Armenian Street was called Malay Lane, after a Malay settlement that used to exist around the area.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Streets of George Town, Penang|last=Khoo|first=Salma Nasution|publisher=Areca Books|year=2007|isbn=9789839886009|location=[[Penang]], [[Malaysia]]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/streetsofgeorget00khoo}}</ref> The Malay influences can still be seen to this day, particularly along the westernmost section of Armenian Street, where the [[Penang Islamic Museum]] is located.

By 1808, the street was renamed as Armenian Street due to the influx of [[Armenian merchantry|Armenian traders]] who resided along the road. The Armenians went on to establish St. Gregory's Church within [[George Town, Penang|George Town]] in 1822, while the [[Sarkies Brothers]] founded the [[Eastern & Oriental Hotel]] in the 1880s. The Armenian presence was short-lived, however, as most of the Armenians had already left by the time the church was demolished in 1937.

The [[Penangite Chinese|Chinese]] gradually took over most of Armenian Street around the mid 19th century and built clan houses, such as the [[Khoo Kongsi]], within the vicinity of the road. Concurrently, Armenian Street became notorious for Chinese triad activities, with the [[Hoklo people|Hokkien]]-dominated Khian Teik Society establishing itself along the road. As a result, Armenian Street witnessed heavy fighting during the 1867 Penang Riots, where the British authorities, reinforced with [[sepoy]]s, built blockades and used force to quell the turf war between rival Chinese and Malay secret societies.

In 1910, [[Sun Yat-sen]] chaired the [[1910 Penang conference|Penang conference]] within a townhouse at Armenian Street, during which he managed to raise [[Straits dollar|$]]8,000 for revolutionary activities in [[China]] against the ruling [[Qing dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2057619|title=Dr Sun Yat Sen: A revolutionist who will forever be remembered|website=www.thesundaily.my|language=en|access-date=2017-02-17}}</ref> The townhouse has since been converted into the [[Sun Yat-sen Museum Penang|Sun Yat-sen Museum]], which became one of the filming locations for the Chinese movie, ''[[Road to Dawn]]''.

== Landmarks ==
* '''Children on a Bicycle''<nowiki/>' wall mural by [[Ernest Zacharevic]]
* [[Sun Yat-sen Museum Penang|Sun Yat-sen Museum]]
* [[Penang Islamic Museum]]

== See also ==
{{Commons category|Armenian Street, George Town}}
* [[List of roads in George Town]]
* [[Architecture of Penang]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{GTRoad}}

[[Category:Roads in Penang]]
[[Category:George Town, Penang]]

Dzoraget (river)

2024-09-05T18:49:29Z

RaffiKojian: /* Gallery */ air shot

{{Refimprove|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Dzoraget Ձորագետ
| image = Canyon, Dzoraget.jpg
| image_caption = The Dzoraget as seen from the bridge in [[Stepanavan]]
| source1_location = [[Bazum Mountains]], [[Lori Province|Lori]]
| mouth = [[Debed]]
| mouth_location = Near [[Dzoragyugh, Lori|Dzoragyukh]]
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|40.957|N|44.6325|E|source:kolossus-dewiki|display=it}}
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[Armenia]]
| length =
| source1_elevation = {{convert|2,200|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|920|m|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_avg =
| basin_size =
| progression = {{RDebed}}
}}

The '''Dzoraget''' ({{Lang-hy|Ձորագետ}}) is a river in the [[Lori Province|Lori]] region in Northern [[Armenia]]. It originates in the [[Bazum Mountains]] and flows west to east through spectacular gorges around [[Stepanavan]]. It finally feeds into the river [[Debed]] near [[Dzoragyugh, Lori|Dzoragyugh]], which ultimately drains to the [[Kura (river)|Kura]].

''Dzoraget'' is a compound word in [[Armenian language|Armenian]] meaning ''Gorge-river'' and formed with the [[lexemes]] ձոր {{IPA-hy|dzɔɾ|}} ('gorge') and գետ {{IPA-hy|ɡetʰ|}} ('river') joined by the [[interfix]] ա {{IPA|[ɑ]}}.

In certain places (e.g. at [[Kurtan]]), the gorge is over {{convert|200|m}} deep.

==Rafting==
The Armenian Travel Bureau considers the Dzoraget River the only Armenian river suitable for rafting. The commonest rafting route begins at the Dzoraget bridge, near the town of [[Stepanavan]]. Rafting on the river is concentrated in the Dzoraget Canyon, which is in some places as deep as 300 meters.<ref name="Dzoraget River">{{cite web|title=Dzoraget River|url=http://www.atb.am/en/armenia/sights/wells/river_dzoraget/|publisher=Armenian Travel Bureau|accessdate=24 July 2013}}</ref>

==Towns and villages==
Towns and villages along the river include: [[Stepanavan]], [[Amrakits]], [[Lori Berd]], [[Agarak, Lori|Agarak]], [[Vardablur, Lori|Vardablur]], [[Kurtan]], [[Arevatsag]], and [[Dzoragyukh, Lori|Dzoragyukh]].

==Gallery==
<gallery caption="Dzoraget" widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="3">
Image:Dzoragetatstepanavan.jpg|Dzoraget Canyon.
File:Rivers of Armenia.jpg|Dzoraget river and its basin (light green) within Armenia
Image:Dzoraget(river).jpg|Kayaking on the Dzoraget
Image:Dzoraget(river) Bridge.jpg|The Dzoraget bridge
Image:Rocks over the Dzoraget River Canyon.jpg|The Dzoraget River Canyon from Lori Berd
File:Raffi kojian-170529573.jpg|Dzoraget River and Canyon from the air
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[List of lakes of Armenia]]
*[[Geography of Armenia]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Rivers of Armenia}}
[[Category:Rivers of Armenia]]

{{Armenia-river-stub}}

Mountains of Armenia

2024-09-05T18:48:23Z

RaffiKojian:

[[image:Aragats in snow.jpg|thumb|right|A view of [[Mount Aragats]].]]
[[Armenia]] is a land of rugged [[mountain]]s and [[extinct volcano]]es, its highest point is [[Mount Aragats]], 13,435 ft (4,095 m).

==Mountain ranges==
# [[Javakheti Range|Javakheti mountain range]]
# [[Armeno-Georgian mountain range]]
# [[Bazum mountain range]], spanning east–west in the Shirak and Lori provinces in Northern Armenia
# [[Pambak mountains|Pambak mountain range]], spanning northwest–southeast in the Lori and Kotayk provinces
# [[Gugarik mountain range]]
# [[Oskepat mountain range]]
# [[Murghaz mountain range]]
# [[Areguni mountain range]]
# [[Sevan mountain range]], east of Lake Sevan along the border with [[Azerbaijan]]
# [[Tsaghkuni mountain range]]
# [[Gegham mountains|Gegham mountain range]]
# [[Vardenis mountain range]]
# [[Vayots Dzor mountain range]]
# [[Zangezur mountain range]], in the southern Armenian [[Syunik Province|province of Syunik]]
# [[Bargushat mountain range]]
# [[Meghri mountain range]]

{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 190
| image1 = 27 - Le mont Aragats.JPG
| caption1 = [[Aragats]]
| image2 = KapanGareginNzhdeh.jpg
| caption2 = [[Khustup]]
| image3 = Mount ara.jpg
| caption3 = [[Arailer]]
| image4 = Arteni Volcano2.jpg
| caption4 =[[Arteni]]
| image5 = Achkasar3.jpg
| caption5 = [[Achkasar]]
| image5 = Raffi_kojian-170346909.jpg
| caption5 = [[Lalvar]]
}}

==Prominent peaks==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Name!!Elevation (m)!!Province
|-
|[[Mount Aragats|Aragats]]||4095||[[Aragatsotn Province|Aragatsotn]]
|-
|[[Arailer]]||2577||[[Kotayk Province|Kotayk]]
|-
|[[Armaghan]]||2829||[[Gegharkunik Province|Gegharkunik]]
|-
|[[Mount Tezh|Tezh]]||3101||Triple point of [[Aragatsotn Province|Aragatsotn]], [[Lori Province|Lori]], [[Kotayk Province|Kotayk]]
|-
|[[Mount Achkasar|Achkasar]]||3196||Border of [[Shirak Province]] and [[Lori Province|Lori]]
|-
|[[Mount Urasar|Urasar]]||2992||Border of [[Shirak Province]] and [[Lori Province|Lori]]
|-
|[[Mount Lalvar|Lalvar]]||2545||[[Lori Province|Lori]]
|-
|[[Mount Chatin|Chatin]]||2246||[[Lori Province|Lori]]
|-
|[[Mount Teghenis|Teghenis]]||2851||[[Kotayk Province|Kotayk]]
|-
|[[Mount Murghuz|Murghuz]]||2993||[[Tavush Province|Tavush]]
|-
|[[Mount Artanish|Artanish]]||2460||[[Gegharkunik Province|Gegharkunik]]
|-
|[[Mount Kashatagh|Kashatagh]]||2901||[[Gegharkunik Province|Gegharkunik]]
|-
|[[Mount Koshadagh|Koshadagh]]||3317||[[Gegharkunik Province|Gegharkunik]]
|-
|[[Mount Azhdahak|Azhdahak]]||3598||[[Gegharkunik Province|Gegharkunik]]
|-
|[[Mount Spitakasar|Spitakasar]]||3560||[[Gegharkunik Province|Gegharkunik]]
|-
|[[Mount Geghasar|Geghasar]]||3443||[[Gegharkunik Province|Gegharkunik]]
|-
|[[Mount Vardenis|Vardenis]]||3520||[[Gegharkunik Province|Gegharkunik]]
|-
|[[Mount Gndasar|Gndasar]]||2947||[[Vayots Dzor Province|Vayots Dzor]]
|-
|[[Mount Kezelboghaz|Kezelboghaz]]||3594||[[Syunik Province|Syunik]]
|-
|[[Mount Metz Ishkhansar|Metz Ishkhansar]]||3552||[[Syunik Province|Syunik]]
|-
|[[Mount Khustup|Khustup]]||3214||[[Syunik Province|Syunik]]
|-
|[[Mount Baghats|Baghats]]||3256||[[Syunik Province|Syunik]]
|-
|[[Mount Kaputjugh|Kaputjugh]]||3906||[[Syunik Province|Syunik]]
|-
|[[Mount Aramazd|Aramazd]]||3392||[[Syunik Province|Syunik]]
|-
|[[Mount Urts|Urts]]||2445||[[Ararat Province|Ararat]]
|-
|[[Mount Ktuts|Ktuts]]||2300||[[Ararat Province|Ararat]]
|-
|[[Mount Arteni|Arteni]]||2047||[[Aragatsotn Province|Aragatsotn]]
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[Armenian Mountaineering and Hiking Federation]]
*[[List of volcanoes in Armenia]]
*[[Mount Aragats]]
*[[Zangezur Mountains]]

== References ==
* {{cite web |url= http://vahemart.livejournal.com/234303.html|title=Հայաստանի ամենաբարձր լեռները - vahemart - LiveJournal |access-date=19 September 2015 }}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.armstat.am/file/article/marz_10_3.pdf|title= ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԱՇԽԱՐՀԱԳՐԱԿԱՆ |access-date=19 September 2015 }}

{{Mountains of Armenia}}
{{Asia topic|prefix=List of mountains of}}
{{List of mountains in Europe}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mountains Of Armenia}}
[[Category:Mountains of Armenia| ]]
[[Category:Lists of landforms of Armenia]]
[[Category:Lists of mountains of Asia|Armenia]]
[[Category:Lists of mountains of Europe|Armenia]]
[[Category:Lists of mountains by country|Armenia]]

Vagharshapat

2024-09-05T18:46:15Z

RaffiKojian: swapping out memorial photo with photo of entire city from air

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2018}}
{{redirect-multi|3|Etchmiadzin|Echmiadzin|Ejmiatsin||Etchmiadzin (disambiguation)}}
{{coord|40|10|22|N|44|17|33|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox settlement
| settlement_type = City
| official_name = Vagharshapat
| native_name = {{lang|hy|Վաղարշապատ}}
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 290
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow = 1/2/2/1
| image1 = Էջմիածնի Մայր Տաճար.jpg
| caption1 = [[Etchmiadzin Cathedral]]
| image2 = Armenia. Vagharshapat. Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin P8200172 2350.jpg
| caption2 = [[Gevorgian Seminary]]
| image3 = Jerevan - Armenië (2892629248).jpg
| caption3 = [[Saint Hripsime Church|St. Hripsime]]
| image4 = St. Gayane Church.jpg
| caption4 = [[Saint Gayane Church|St. Gayane]]
| image5 = Shoghakat Church 03.jpg
| caption5 = [[Shoghakat Church|Shoghakat]]
| image6 = IMG -Zvatnots.jpg
| caption6 = [[Zvartnots Cathedral]] and [[Mount Ararat]]
}}
| image_flag = File:Flag of Ejmiatsin.svg
| image_seal = File:Coat of arms of Ejmiatsin.svg
| pushpin_map = Armenia
| mapsize = 150px
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{ARM}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Administrative divisions of Armenia|Marz (Province)]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Armavir Province|Armavir]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Diana Gasparyan
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 685 BC
| area_total_km2 = 40
| population_as_of = 2011 census
| population_total = 46,540
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Armenia Time|AMT]]
| utc_offset = +4
| coordinates = {{coord|40|10|22|N|44|17|33|E|region:AM|display=inline}}
| elevation_m = 853
| area_code = 0231
| website = [https://ejmiatsin.am ejmiatsin.am]
| footnotes = Sources: Population<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armstat.am/file/doc/99486683.pdf |title=Armstats:Population|access-date=31 January 2013}}</ref>
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| child = yes
| official_name = Cathedral and Churches of Echmiatsin and the Archaeological Site of Zvartnots
| includes = {{flatlist|
*[[Etchmiadzin Cathedral|Mother Cathedral of Echmiatsin]] and surrounding constructions
*[[Saint Gayane Church|Church Saint Gayaneh]] and surrounding buildings
*Cemetery of Congregation
*[[Saint Hripsime Church|Saint Hripsimeh Church]]
*[[Shoghakat Church|St. Shoghakat Church]]
*Archaeological site of [[Zvartnots, Armenia|Zvartnots]] with [[Zvartnots Cathedral|ruins of the Temple]], the Royal Palace, and other constructions
}}
| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii)(iii)}}(ii)(iii)
| ID = 1011
| year = 2000
| area = {{convert|74.3|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
}}
| population_est = 46,200<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armstat.am/en/?nid=81&id=2225|title = The Demographic Handbook of Armenia, 2019 / Statistical Committee of Armenia}}</ref>
| pop_est_as_of = 1 January 2019
}}
'''Vagharshapat''' ({{lang-hy|Վաղարշապատ}} {{IPA-hy|vɑʁɑɾʃɑˈpɑt|pron}}) is the [[List of cities and towns in Armenia|4th-largest city]] in [[Armenia]] and the most populous municipal community of [[Armavir Province]], located about {{convert|18|km|0|abbr=on}} west of the capital [[Yerevan]], and {{convert|10|km|0|abbr=on}} north of the closed Turkish-Armenian border. It is commonly known as '''Ejmiatsin''' (also spelled '''Echmiadzin''' or '''Etchmiadzin''', {{lang|hy|Էջմիածին}}, {{IPA-hy|ɛt͡ʃʰmjɑˈt͡sin|pron|Audio Etchmiadzin.ogg}}), which was its official name between 1945 and 1995.<ref>{{cite web|title=Պատմաաշխարհագրական ակնարկ [Historical-geographic overview]|url=http://armavir.gov.am/aknark/|publisher=Armavir Province: Armenian Ministry of Territorial Administration|language=hy|quote=...Վաղարշապատ (1945-1995թթ. կոչվել է Էջմիածին) քաղաքը...|access-date=15 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228073354/http://armavir.gov.am/aknark/|archive-date=28 February 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It is still commonly used colloquially and in official bureaucracy, a case of [[dual naming]].<ref>{{cite news|script-title=hy:Էջմիածի՞ն, թե՞ Վաղարշապատ|url=http://www.aravot.am/2010/10/26/344193/|work=[[Aravot]]|date=26 October 2010|language=hy}}</ref>

The city is best known as the location of [[Etchmiadzin Cathedral]] and [[Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin]], the center of the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]]. It is thus unofficially known in Western sources as a "[[holy city]]"<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Ring|editor1-first=Trudy|editor2-last=Watson|editor2-first=Noelle|editor3-last=Schellinger|editor3-first=Paul|title=International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa, Volume 4|date=1994|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=250|quote=The holy city of Echmiadzin, where the Christian church in Armenia first began...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Stransky|first1=Thomas F.|last2=Sheerin|first2=John B.|title=Doing the Truth in Charity: Statements of Pope Paul VI, Popes John Paul I, John Paul II, and the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, 1964-1980|date=1982|publisher=Paulist Press|page=230|quote=...from the holy city of Etchmiadzin...}}</ref> and in Armenia as the country's "spiritual capital".<ref>{{cite news|script-title=hy:Համայն հայոց հոգևոր մայրաքաղաքը 2700 տարեկան է, նշվեց Էջմիածնի տոնը (ֆոտոշարք)|url=http://www.armradio.am/hy/2015/10/08/%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6-%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%81-%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%A3%D6%87%D5%B8%D6%80-%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A8-2700-%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80/|agency=[[Public Radio of Armenia]]|date=8 October 2015|language=hy}}</ref> It was one of the major cities and a [[historic capitals of Armenia|capital]] of [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|the ancient Kingdom of Greater Armenia]].<ref>[[James R. Russell]]. Zoroastrianism in Armenia. — Harvard University Press, 1987. — P. 118.</ref> Reduced to a small town by the early 20th century, it experienced large expansion during the Soviet period becoming, effectively, a suburb of Yerevan.<ref name="Emin">{{cite book|last=Emin|first=Gevorg|author-link=Gevorg Emin|title=Seven songs about Armenia|date=1981|publisher=Progress|page=106|quote=...Ashtarak, Artashat, Etchmiadzin and Abovian because they have become suburbs of Yerevan.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bloomfield|first=Paul|title=Armenia: mountains, monasteries and a glimpse of the land of Noah|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/travel/destinations/asia/article4441516.ece|work=[[The Times]]|date=16 May 2015|quote=Our first port of call was Ejmiatsin, a suburb of Yerevan and seat of the Katholikos, head of the Armenian Apostolic Church.}}</ref> Its population stands just over 37,000 based on 2016 estimates.

==Etymology==
According to [[Movses Khorenatsi]], the area of Vagharshapat was known as ''Artimed'' (Արտիմէդ), derived from the [[Greek mythology|ancient Greek]] deity [[Artemis]]. Later, it was renamed ''Avan Vardgesi'' ({{lang|hy|Աւան Վարդգէսի}}, "Town of Vardges") or ''Vardgesavan'' ({{lang|hy|Վարդգէսաւան}}) by Prince Vardges Manouk who rebuilt the settlement near the shores of [[Kasagh River]], during the reign of King [[Orontes I Sakavakyats]] of Armenia (570–560 BC). However, in his first book, ''Wars of Justinian'', the Byzantine historian [[Procopius]] refers to the city as ''Valashabad'' (Balashabad), named after king [[Vologases I of Armenia]]. The name evolved into its later form by the shift of the medial ''l'' into a ''gh'', which is common in the Armenian language. [[Movses Khorenatsi]] mentioned that the town of Vardges was entirely rebuilt and fenced by King Vagharsh I to become known as ''Norakaghak'' ({{lang|hy|Նորաքաղաք}}, "New City") and later ''Vagharshapat''.

''Ejmiatsin'' (''Etchmiadzin'', ''Ēĵmiacin'') literally means "the descent of the Only-Begotten" or "the Only-Begotten descended" (from {{transliteration|hy|echichnel}} “the descent” and {{transliteration|hy|miatsin}} “the Only-Begotten”),<ref>{{cite book |last=Grigoryan |first=Rachik |title=Echmiadzin |date=1969 |publisher=Novosti Press Agency Publishing House |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w5UwAAAAMAAJ |quote=Echmiadzin is the Armenian for "the descent (''echichnel'') of the only begotten (''miatsin'')"}}</ref> referring to how [[Gregory the Illuminator|St. Gregory]] had a vision of Jesus (the Only-Begotten Son of God) descending to the place and marking it as where Gregory should erect churches.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Life and Times of S. Gregory the Illuminator |date=1868 |publisher=Rivingtons |page=303 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=id47AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA303}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Nicholson |first1=Oliver |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity |date=2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-256246-3 |page=519 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A09WDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA519}}</ref>

==History==
===Early history===
The territory of ancient Vagharshapat was inhabited since the 3rd millennium BC. Many sites, such as [[Metsamor Castle]], Shresh hill and Mokhrablur hill date back to the [[neolithic]] period. The first written records about Vagharshapat were found in the inscriptions left by the [[Urartu|Urartian]] king [[Rusa II]] (685–645 BC), where it was mentioned as ''Kuarlini'' (Կուարլինի). The inscription found in the archaeological site of ancient Vagharshapat cites to a water canal opened by king Rusa II, between Ildaruni river ([[Hrazdan River]]) and the valley of Kuarlini.

According to 5th-century writer [[Movses Khorenatsi]], the oldest name of Vagharshapat was ''Artimed'' (Արտիմէդ), derived from the [[Greek mythology|ancient Greek]] deity [[Artemis]]. Later, it was renamed ''Avan Vardgesi'' (Աւան Վարդգէսի, "Town of Vardges") or ''Vardgesavan'' (Վարդգէսաւան) after being rebuilt by prince ''Vardges Manouk'' near the shores of [[Kasagh River]], during the reign of king [[Orontes I Sakavakyats]] of Armenia (570–560 BC).

In the first half of the 2nd century AD, under the reign of the Armenian [[Arsacid dynasty of Armenia|Arsacid]] king [[Vologases I of Armenia|Vagharsh I]] of Armenia (117–144), the old town of Vardgesavan was renovated and renamed ''Vagharshapat'' (Վաղարշապատ). In his first book ''Wars of Justinian'', the Byzantine historian [[Procopius]] has cited to the city as ''Valashabad'' (Balashabad), named after king ''Valash'' (Balash) of Armenia. The name evolved into its later form by the shift in the medial ''L'' into a ''Gh'', which is common in the Armenian language. [[Movses Khorenatsi]] mentioned that the Town of Vardges was entirely rebuilt and fenced by king Vagharsh I to become known as ''Norakaghak'' (Նորաքաղաք, "New City") and later Vagharshapat.
[[File:Zvartnots3.jpg|thumb|The remains of the 7th-century [[Zvartnots Cathedral|Cathedral of Zvartnots]]]]
Vagharshapat has served as the capital of the Arsacid [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Armenia]] between 120 AD and 330 AD. After embracing Christianity as a state religion in Armenia in 301, Vagharshapat was gradually called ''Ejmiatsin'' ({{lang-hy|Էջմիածին}}), after the name of the [[Etchmiadzin Cathedral|Mother Cathedral]]; the seat of the Armenian Catholicosate, which is considered one of the oldest religious organizations in the world. As a spiritual centre of the entire Armenian nation, Vagharshapat has grown up rapidly and developed as an important centre of education and culture. The city was home to one of the oldest educational institutions in Armenia founded by [[Mesrop Mashtots]].

The political capital of the Armenian kingdom was transferred to the city of [[Dvin (ancient city)|Dvin]] in 336.

===Middle Ages===
[[File:Grigory Gagarin. Escarmouche de Persans et de Kurdes.jpg|thumb|Kurds and Persians attacking Vagharshapat]]
Vagharshapat maintained its status as the country's most important city until the fall of the Arsacid Kingdom in 428. The city gradually lost its importance under the Persian rule, specifically when the seat of the Catholicosate was transferred to [[Dvin (ancient city)|Dvin]] in 452. However, the first manuscript library in Armenia was founded in 480 in Vagharshapat.

The Armenian Church rejected the [[Council of Chalcedon]] (451) because they believed the Chalcedonian [[christology]] was too similar to [[Nestorianism]]; however, some Armenian bishops who were present in the territories of [[Roman Armenia]] signed the Council's documents and also accepted [[Pope Leo I]]'s 458 [[encyclical]] mandating adherence to the [[Chalcedonian Definition]]. In [[Persarmenia]], the [[Church of the East|Persian Nestorian Church]] supported the spread of Nestorianism, which the Armenian Church had previously declared heretical and saw as a threat to the independence of their Church. [[Peter the Iberian]], a [[Georgian people|Georgian]] prince, also strongly opposed the Chalcedonian Creed.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Wydawnictwo UJ| isbn = 978-83-233-9555-3| last = Stopka| first = Krzysztof| title = Armenia Christiana: Armenian Religious Identity and the Churches of Constantinople and Rome (4th–15th Century)| date = 16 December 2016 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eeq-DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA64|pages=62–}}</ref> Thus, in 491, Catholicos [[Babken I of Armenia]], along with the [[Caucasian Albania|Albanian]] and [[Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)|Iberian]] bishops met in Vagharshapat and issued a condemnation of the Chalcedonian Definition.<ref>''Zvartnots and the Origins of Christian Architecture in Armenia'', W. Eugene Kleinbauer, ''The Art Bulletin'', Vol. 54, No. 3 (September 1972): 261.</ref>

In 587 during the reign of [[Maurice (emperor)|emperor Maurice]], Vagharshapat (then called '''Valarshapat''') and much of Armenia came under Roman administration after the Romans defeated the [[Sassanid Empire|Sassanid Persian Empire]] at the [[battle of the Blarathon]].

In 658 AD, Vagharshapat, along with the rest of the Armenian highland, was conquered by the Arabs. The city was briefly revived between the 9th and 11th centuries under the [[Bagratuni Dynasty|Bagratid]] [[Kingdom of Armenia (Middle Ages)|Kingdom of Armenia]], before being overrun by the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]] in 1045 and later by the [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuks]] in 1064.

In the middle of the 13th century, Vagharshapat became part of the [[Ilkhanate]] of the [[Mongol Empire]]. During the last quarter of the 14th century the [[Aq Qoyunlu]] Sunni [[Oghuz Turks|Oghuz Turkic]] tribe took over Armenia, including Vagharshapat.

[[File:06 Chardin Ecs-miazin nommée communément les trois eglises.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Engraving of Etchmiadzin by [[Jean Chardin]], 1670s]]
[[File:Mikhail Ivanov — View of three churches against the backdrop of Mount Ararat in Armenia.jpg|thumb|''View of Etchmiadzin'' by Russian painter Mikhail Ivanov, 1783]]

The influence of Vagharshapat waned between 1045 and 1441, when the seat of the Armenian Catholicosate was transferred from the [[Cilicia]]n city of [[Sis (ancient city)|Sis]] back to [[Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin|Etchmiadzin]].

===Early modern period===
Between 1502 and 1828, Armenia became part of the Persian state under the rule of [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid]], [[Afsharid dynasty|Afsharid]] and [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar]] dynasties, with short periods of [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule between 1578 and 1603 and later between 1722 and 1736.

In 1828, after the [[Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)|Russo-Persian War]], Vagharshapat —as a part of the [[Erivan Khanate]]— was handed over to the [[Russian Empire]] as a result of the [[Treaty of Turkmenchay]] signed on 21 February 1828.

In their 1833 book [[Eli Smith]] and [[Harrison Gray Otis Dwight|H. G. O. Dwight]] described Vagharshapat, then a village, as follows: "It presents nothing but a crowded collection of mud cabins, perhaps 500 in number."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Eli|last2=Dwight|first2=H. G. O.|author-link1=Eli Smith|author-link2=Harrison Gray Otis Dwight|title=Researches of the Rev. E. Smith and Rev. H.G.O. Dwight in Armenia: Including a Journey Through Asia Minor, and into Georgia and Persia, with a Visit to the Nestorian and Chaldean Christians of Oormiah and Salmas, Volume 2|date=1833|publisher=Crocker and Brewster|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=M0tVcWnUDWMC&pg=PA92&dq=Hripsime 93]}}</ref>

With the establishment of the [[Erivan Governorate]] in 1850, Vagharshapat became the centre of the newly formed [[Echmiadzinsky Uyezd]].

===Present day===
[[File:Raffi kojian-172315997.jpg|thumb|Vagharshapat with Ejmiatsin Cathedral Compound from the air]]
Armenia enjoyed a short period of independence between 1918 and 1920 before falling to the [[Bolshevik]] [[11th Red Army]] and becoming part of the [[Soviet Union]].
In 1925, the new plan of rebuilding the modern town was introduced by architect [[Alexander Tamanian]]. It was finally completed between 1939 and 1943. In 1945, the town of Vagharshapat was officially renamed ''Etchmiadzin'' by the Soviet government.

During the 1950s and 1960s, the town has witnessed a massive wave of construction, including residential buildings and industrial plants. By the end of the 1960s, the historical monuments of the town; including the religious complex of the [[Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin]], [[Saint Hripsime Church]], [[Saint Gayane Church]] and the surrounding area of [[Zvartnots Cathedral]], were entirely rehabilitated.<ref>[https://ejmiatsin.am/our-city/30/ Historical review]</ref>

After the independence of Armenia, the town was officially renamed Vagharshapat in 1995. However, the town is still popularly known as Ejmiatsin.

In October 2018, Diana Gasparyan, who was nominated by the [[Civil Contract Party]], was elected mayor of the city and the country's first ever female mayor.<ref>[https://news.am/eng/news/477034.html Armenia elects first female mayor]</ref>

[[File:Veharan-880x660.jpg|thumb|Veharan]]

==Geography and climate==
[[File:Map of Etchmiadzin.gif|thumb|Map of modern-day Vagharshapat]]
Vagharshapat is the largest satellite-city of Yerevan and the 4th largest in Armenia by population. It is located to the west of Yerevan in the basin of the [[Kasagh River]], in the northeastern extremity of [[Ararat plain]], and very close to [[Zvartnots International Airport]].

According to Moses of Chorene's ''History of Armenia'' and as a result of several archaeological researches conducted in the area, the most probable location of the ancient city of Vagharshapat is the area of ''Shresh Hill'' near Kasagh River.<ref>[http://www.ejmiatsin.am/en/1/97/freeCode.html Ejmiatsin: History]{{dead link|date=January 2013}}</ref>

''Shresh Hill'' or the ''Kond of Ghugo'', as it was called by the local population, is only {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=off}} away to the northeast of modern-day Vagharshapat, on the way to [[Oshakan]]. It is an artificial hill and has a diameter of {{convert|123|m|ft|abbr=off}} long. It was first excavated in 1870. In 1913 and 1928, the area was excavated by archaeologist [[Yervand Lalayan]]. Large-scale excavations were conducted around the hill and the nearby sites of Metsamor and Mokhrablur between 1945 and 1950.

Historically, Vagharshapat is at the heart of the [[Armenian Highland]], in Aragatsotn canton (Armenian: Արագածոտն գաւառ ''Aragatsotn gavar'', not to be confused with the current [[Aragatsotn Province]]) of [[Ayrarat]] province, within [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Armenia Major]].

The city has an average elevation of {{convert|853|m|0|abbr=off}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]]. The climate is [[Cold semi-arid climate|cold semi-arid]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''BSk'').

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Vagharshapat

| Jan high C =1.6
| Feb high C =4.4
| Mar high C =11.6
| Apr high C =19.0
| May high C =24.4
| Jun high C =28.8
| Jul high C =33.1
| Aug high C =32.5
| Sep high C =28.4
| Oct high C =20.5
| Nov high C =12.4
| Dec high C =4.9

| Jan mean C =-2.9
| Feb mean C =-0.5
| Mar mean C =5.9
| Apr mean C =12.5
| May mean C =17.4
| Jun mean C =21.4
| Jul mean C =25.4
| Aug mean C =25.0
| Sep mean C =20.4
| Oct mean C =13.5
| Nov mean C =6.8
| Dec mean C =0.6

| Jan low C =-7.3
| Feb low C =-5.3
| Mar low C =0.2
| Apr low C =6.1
| May low C =10.5
| Jun low C =14.1
| Jul low C =17.8
| Aug low C =17.5
| Sep low C =12.4
| Oct low C =6.5
| Nov low C =1.2
| Dec low C =-3.6

| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm =20
| Feb precipitation mm =22
| Mar precipitation mm =27
| Apr precipitation mm =36
| May precipitation mm =51
| Jun precipitation mm =29
| Jul precipitation mm =16
| Aug precipitation mm =12
| Sep precipitation mm =14
| Oct precipitation mm =29
| Nov precipitation mm =25
| Dec precipitation mm =20

| source = Climate-Data.org <ref name="Climate-Data.org">{{cite web
|url = https://en.climate-data.org/location/15442/
|title = Climate: Vagharshapat
|publisher = Climate-Data.org
|access-date = 14 August 2018}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
Vagharshapat is the largest urban community of Armavir Province. However, the population of the town has gradually declined since the collapse of the Soviet Union.

The majority of the town's population are ethnic Armenians who belong to the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]]. The regulating body of the church is the [[Diocese of Armavir]] based in the nearby town of Armavir. Between 1996 and 2014, the [[Holy Mother of God Church, Vagharshapat|Holy Mother of God Church]] of Vagharshapat has served as the seat of the diocese. Opened in 1767 by Catholicos [[Simeon I of Armenia|Simeon I]], the church is located at the centre of Vagharshapat, north of the [[Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://armaviritem.am/?p=134|title=Էջմիածնի Սուրբ Աստվածածին եկեղեցի|website=armaviritem.am}}</ref>

Here is a population timeline of Vagharshapat since 1830:<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=http://www.cadastre.am/storage/files/pages/pg_907871769_HH_bnak._bar..pdf |title=Հայաստանի Հանրապետության բնակավայրերի բառարան |publisher=Cadastre Committee of the Republic of Armenia |year=2008 |location=Yerevan |pages=186 |language=Armenian |trans-title=Republic of Armenia settlements dictionary |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311232523/http://www.cadastre.am/storage/files/pages/pg_907871769_HH_bnak._bar..pdf |archive-date=11 March 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Date
! Population
! Note(s)
|-
| 1830<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hakobyan|first1=Tatul|author-link1=Tatul Hakobyan|script-title=hy:Հայկական մարզի (1828-1840թթ.) 1000-ից ավելի բնակիչ ունեցող 10 բնակավայրերը|url=http://www.aniarc.am/2015/12/10/1830-population-1000-and-more-inhabitants/|website=ANI Armenian Research Center|publisher=ANI Foundation for Armenian Studies|language=hy|date=10 December 2015|access-date=10 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211052922/http://www.aniarc.am/2015/12/10/1830-population-1000-and-more-inhabitants/|archive-date=11 December 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" | 2,175
| the fourth largest in the [[Armenian Oblast]]
|-
|1831
|100% Armenian<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hakobyan |first=Tatul |date=12 March 2022 |title=Արմավիրի շրջանի գյուղերը 1831 թվականին |trans-title=Armavir region villages in 1831 |url=http://www.aniarc.am/2022/03/12/armavir-1831-1931-population-korkotian/ |access-date=16 September 2022 |website=ANI Armenian Research Center}}</ref>
|-
|1873
|2,787
|
|-
| c. 1891<ref>{{cite book|title=[[Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary|Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary Volume V]]|contribution=[[:ru:s:ЭСБЕ/Вагаршапат|Вагаршапат]]|date=1891|page=336|language=ru}}</ref>
| 3,000
| overwhelmingly populated by Armenians
|-
| [[Russian Empire Census|1897]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=589|title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей.|website=demoscope.ru}}</ref>
| 5,267
| 94.8% Armenians
|-
|1908<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.prlib.ru/item/417314 |title=Кавказский календарь на 1910 год |publisher=Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom |year=1910 |edition=65th |location= |publication-place=Tiflis |pages=210 |language=Russian |trans-title=Caucasian calendar for 1910 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315211448/https://www.prlib.ru/item/417314 |archive-date=15 March 2022}}</ref>
|3,283
|Mostly Armenian
|-
| 1914
| 5,755
|
|-
|1919
|16,886
|
|-
| [[First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union|1926]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/echmiadzin26.html|title=Эчмиадзинский уезд 1926|website=ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru}}</ref>
| 8,436
| 99.1% Armenians
|-
|1931
|8,349
|
|-
| 1959<ref name="cadastre">{{cite web |date=2008 |title=Հայաստանի Հանրապետության բնակավայրերի բառարան |url=http://www.cadastre.am/storage/files/pages/pg_8945925618_pg_907871769_HH_bnak._bar..pdf |publisher=Armenian State Cadaste |page=186 |access-date=10 December 2015 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923195722/http://www.cadastre.am/storage/files/pages/pg_8945925618_pg_907871769_HH_bnak._bar..pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 19,560
|
|-
| 1968<ref name="cadastre"/>
| 27,100
|
|-
| 1976
| 42,000<ref>{{cite book |title=[[Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia]] Volume 5 |date=1978 |page=[https://hy.wikisource.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BB:%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_(Soviet_Armenian_Encyclopedia)_4.djvu/64 64] |language=hy |contribution=Էջմիածին [Ejmiatsin]}}</ref>–44,040
|
|-
| 1990<ref name="cadastre"/>
| 60,000
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2001<ref name="armstat">{{cite web|url=http://armstat.am/file/doc/130.pdf |title=Microsoft Word - 57 PAGE.doc |access-date=30 April 2018}}</ref>
| 51,280
| ''de facto'' population
|-
|56,388
|''de jure'' population
|-
|2004
|56,400
|
|-
| 2011<ref name="armstat"/>
| 46,540
| ''de facto'' population
|}

==Landmarks==
The Mother Cathedral of Holy Etchmiadzin is found in the complex surrounded with many other structures built throughout the centuries. Most buildings are of great architectural significance, such as the old and new Pontifical Residences, the Chancellery or the ''Divanatoon'', the Gate of King [[Tiridates III of Armenia|Trdat]], Alex and Marie Manoogian Treasury Museum (1982), Khrimian Museum, Yeremian Monastic cells, the old Seminary building, the Clock Tower, the Bookstore, etc.

[[Gevorgian Seminary]] is a theological college of the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]] founded by Catholicos [[George IV of Armenia|Gevork IV]] in 1874 within the complex of the Mother See. Apart from the Mother Cathedral, Vagharshapat is home to many other important Armenian churches and cathedrals. The Cathedral of Etchmiadzin, the Churches of Saint Hripsimé, Saint Gayane and Saint Shoghakat, and the archaeological site of Zvartnots are listed among the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]s.

===UNESCO World Heritage Site===
[[File:Mayr Ator 1.tif|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Etchmiadzin Cathedral]]]]

In 2000, the churches of Vagharshapat, together with the nearby ruin of [[Zvartnots Cathedral]], were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Principal churches include:
*[[Etchmiadzin Cathedral]] ({{lang-hy|Մայր Տաճար Սուրբ Էջմիածին}} ''Mayr Tachar Surp Ejmiatsin'') – The "Mother Cathedral" was built by [[Gregory the Illuminator]] as a vaulted [[basilica]] in 301–303, when Armenia had just adopted Christianity as a state religion,<ref name="edwards">{{cite book|last1=Edwards|first1=Robert W., "Ēĵmiacin" |title=The Eerdmans Encyclopedia of Early Christian Art and Archaeology, ed., Paul Corby Finney |date=2016 |publisher=William B. Eerdmans Publishing| location=Grand Rapids, Michigan |isbn=978-0-8028-9016-0| pages=455–456}}</ref> making it one of the oldest churches in the world.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Echmiadzin | volume= 8 |last1= Kropotkin |first1= Peter Alexeivitch |author1-link= Peter Kropotkin| last2= Bealby |first2= John Thomas| pages = 883–884 |short= 1}}</ref> The church was repeatedly enlarged, notably in 480, 618 and 1658.
*[[Saint Hripsime Church]] – The church was erected in 618 by Catholicos [[Komitas Aghtsetsi|Gomidas]] atop an existing mausoleum containing the remains of the martyred Saint [[Hripsime|Hripsimé]]. According to the 17th century Armenian historian [[Arakel of Tabriz]], when the church was renovated during 1651–1653 by Catholicos [[Philip I of Armenia|Philip I]], a cross was placed on top of the roof and a small portico was added to the western side. It is one of the few churches in Armenian that remained active during the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] period.
*[[Saint Gayane Church]] – Built in 630 by Catholicos [[Ezra I of Armenia|Ezra I]], Saint Gayane is a three-[[nave]], domed [[basilica]] with an octagonal [[tholobate|drum]] resting on four internal pillars that divide the interior of the church into three. Its design remained unchanged despite partial renovations of the dome and some ceilings in 1652.
*[[Shoghakat Church]] – Meaning ''drop of light'', Shoghakat is a single-nave domed basilica, built and completed in 1694 by prince Aghamal Sorotetsi during the period of Catholicos [[Nahabed I of Armenia|Nahabed I]]. It is built with red and black [[tufa]] stones, erected on the remains of a 6th-century basilica. The remains of a 4th-century small chapel could be seen at the southwestern end of Saint Shoghakat Church.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yeghishe.am/en/gallery/23/|title=Yeghishe.am: Shoghakat|access-date=22 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706073902/http://www.yeghishe.am/en/gallery/23/|archive-date=6 July 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed-hover">
File:Ejmiadzin Cathedral.jpg|Etchmiadzin Cathedral, opened in 303
File:S. Hripsime.JPG|Saint Hripsimé Church, opened in 618
File:Gayane6.jpg|Saint Gayane Church, opened in 630
File:Shoghakat.jpg|Shoghakat Church, opened in 1694
File:Zvartnots cathedral ruins.jpg|Zvartnots Cathedral, opened in 652
</gallery>

==Culture==
[[File:Մշակույթի տուն, Վաղարշապատ (1).jpg|thumb|Komitas palace of culture in Vagharshapat]]

[[File:Things-to-do-in-Etchmiadzin-Armenia-Vagharshapat-1.jpg|thumb|Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Manuscript Library]]

Vagharshapat is the cultural center of Armavir and one of the important centers of the entire republic. The Komitas Palace of Culture is operating in the town since 1957, while the Ejmiatsin National Gallery is operating since 1970.

The town is also home to a number of museums including the Vagharshapat Ethnographic Museum, Khoren Ter-Harutyunyan Museum and Gallery, Mher Abeghian Museum and Gallery, and Hovhannes Hovhannisyan House-museum. However, the most prominent museums of Vagharshapat are located within the Mother See complex, including:
*Etchmiadzin Cathedral Museum opened in 1869 by Catholicos [[George IV of Armenia|George IV]],
*The Catholicosal Museum within the old pontifical residence or ''Hin Veharan'' built in 1738–1741 and serves as Catholicosal Museum since 1968.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.armenianchurch.org/index.jsp?sid=1&id=4130&pid=971 |title=Old pontifical residence |access-date=6 February 2016 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225211843/https://www.armenianchurch.org/index.jsp?sid=1&id=4130&pid=971 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Khrimian Museum: built and opened in 1896 by Catholicos [[Mkrtich Khrimian|Mkrtich I of Van]]. It was recently renovated to become a museum of art.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.armenianchurch.org/index.jsp?sid=1&id=4132&pid=971 |title=Khrimian Museum |access-date=6 February 2016 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225211845/https://www.armenianchurch.org/index.jsp?sid=1&id=4132&pid=971 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Alex and Marie Manoogian Treasury House: opened on 11 October 1982, designed by architect [[Baghdasar Arzoumanian]]. The museum is home to treasures of the Armenian Church throughout history.
*Ruben Sevak Museum: opened in 2013 within the Ghazarapat building of the Mother See.

The Mother See is also home to the Pontifical Bookstore operating since 1962, and the *Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Manuscript Depository opened in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.armenianchurch.org/index.jsp?sid=1&id=4138&pid=971 |title=Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Manuscript Depository |access-date=6 February 2016 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225211843/https://www.armenianchurch.org/index.jsp?sid=1&id=4138&pid=971 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.armenianchurch.org/index.jsp?sid=1&id=4143&pid=971 |title=Bookstore |access-date=6 February 2016 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225211844/https://www.armenianchurch.org/index.jsp?sid=1&id=4143&pid=971 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armenianchurch.org/index.jsp?sid=1&id=4142&pid=971|title=The Armenian Church - Մայր Աթոռ Սուրբ Էջմիածին|website=www.armenianchurch.org|access-date=6 February 2016|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225211842/https://www.armenianchurch.org/index.jsp?sid=1&id=4142&pid=971|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The town celebrates the "Ejmiatsin Day" annually since 2008 in Vagharshapat on 8 October. According to the old Armenian tradition, [[Mesrop Mashtots]] brought the newly created [[Armenian alphabet]] to Vagharshapat on 8 October 405.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hetq.am/en/society/ejmiatsin-2/ |title=Hetq online: Etchmiadzin Day Celebrated Today |publisher=Hetq.am |access-date=31 January 2013 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Monuments==
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| WHS = Cathedral and Churches of Echmiatsin and the Archaeological Site of Zvartnots
| Criteria = Cultural: ii, iii
| ID = 1011
| Year = 2000
| Area = 74.3 ha
}}
[[File:Mayr Ator.tif|thumb|Etchmiadzin Cathedral]]
[[Etchmiadzin Cathedral]](303), [[Saint Hripsime Church]](618), [[Saint Gayane Church]](630), and [[Zvartnots Cathedral]](652) in most known Church buildings of [[Armenian Architecture]]. All these churches are masterpieces of Armenian architecture that have had a great influence on the architecture of the world. For example, Etchmiadzin Cathedral, which is considered the [[List of oldest church buildings|oldest cathedral in the world]], which inspired architects in different eras.
[[File:St. Hripsime church in Vagharshapat 156.jpg|thumb|Saint Hripsime Church]]
[[File:Saint Gayane church.jpg|thumb|Saint Gayane Church]]
[[File:Zvartnots Cathedral view from air October 2022.jpg|thumb|Zvartnots Cathedral]]
Other churches [[Shoghakat Church]](1694) and [[Holy Mother of God Church, Vagharshapat|Holy Mother of God Church]](1764) were also important churches for Vagharshapat. Now in [[Metsamor site]](4th millennium–8th century BC), statues of vishaps were built there, most of which have survived to this day

==Transportation==
[[File:Smart bus stop in Armenia.jpg|thumb|Smart bus stop]] [[File:New buses of Vagarshapat.jpg|thumb|Vagarshapat-Yerevan buses introduced in 2018]]
Vagharshapat is connected with Yerevan and southern Armenia through the M-5 Motorway, while the M-3 Motorway connects the town with northern Armenia.

The [[Zvartnots International Airport]] of Yerevan is located only {{convert|10|km|0|abbr=off}} east of Vagharshapat.

Being located 20 km west of the capital [[Yerevan]], Vagharshapat is connected with the capital city with public vans, locally known as ''[[marshrutka]]''. These vehicles used to be mainly Russian-made [[GAZelle]] vans with 13 seats. However, they have changed since 2018. The Vagharshapat-Yerevan buses have regular trips every day from 7 am to 9 pm and cost 300 Armenian drams.<ref>[https://www.armtimes.com/hy/article/144698 N5 եւ N203 երթուղիների հակամարտությունը շարունակվում է. մեկը մյուսի պատճառով վնասներ է կրում]</ref> The route starts from the station near Echmiadzin State College after Vardges Hamazaspyan and finishes at the end of [[Mashtots Avenue]], near to [[Matenadaran]]. Except for the Vagharshapat-Yerevan buses, taxis designed specifically for Vagharshapat-Yerevan trips also operate. Taxis start the route from the center of Vagharshapat and finish at the station near to [[Blue Mosque, Yerevan|Blue Mosque]]. The current rate of the Vagharshapat-Yerevan taxis is 500 Armenian drams per person. Currently, there are 2 smart bus stops in the city.

==Economy==
===Industry===
Vagharshapat was home to the 1st paper factory in the history of Armenia. In 1780, Catholicos [[Simeon I of Yerevan]] founded the [[Etchmiadzin Paper Factory]] which served for 6 years.

Under the Soviet rule, the town was turned into an important industrial centre. It was home to 4 major industrial firms specialized in the production of military technology. However, the productivity of the plants declined after the fall of the Soviet Union.

Currently, the industry of the town is mainly based on food-processing. The largest industrial firms of the town are the Ejmiatsin Instrument Making Factory founded in 1966, the E.P.G. Ejmiatsin Cannery founded in 1969, the Ejmiatsin Kat dairy factory founded in 1997, the Sonimol plant for grains founded in 2001, the Ejmiatsin wine brandy and vodka factory founded in 2005, and the Ekologia V.K.H. biological waste destruction plant founded in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hetq.am/arm/news/38076/bzhshkakan-taponneri-vnasazertsman-gortsaran-ejmiatsnum.html|title=Բժշկական թափոնների վնասազերծման գործարան Էջմիածնում - Հետք - Լուրեր, հոդվածներ, հետաքննություններ}}</ref>

[[File:Center of Vagharshapat.jpg|thumb|Center of Vagharshapat]]

===Tourism===
Being the spiritual centre of the Armenian nation worldwide, Vagharshapat is a major tourist destination for Armenians as well as foreign visitors. It is home to the [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]]s of [[Etchmiadzin Cathedral]], [[Zvartnots Cathedral]], [[Saint Hripsime Church]], [[Saint Gayane Church]] and [[Shoghakat Church]], grouped overall as the '''Cathedral and Churches of Echmiatsin and the Archaeological Site of Zvartnots'''.

The ''Machanents Touristic Centre'' of Vagharshapat provides a unique facility for the visitors of the town. The complex houses a cultural centre with small theatre, pub and jazz club, traditional cuisine, and a boutique hotel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mediamax.am/am/news/known_unknown/15490/|title=Ծանոթ-անծանոթ քաղաքը՝ Էջմիածին}}</ref> The ''Zvartnots'' hotel and casino complex is located at the eastern entrance of the town.

==Education==
[[File:Building near Etchmiadzin Cathedral 34.JPG|thumb|Gevorkian Seminary, opened in 1874]]
[[Gevorkian Theological Seminary]] is one of the most significant educational institutions of Armenia. Other educational institutions include the ''Grigor Lusavorich University'' and the intermediate college of vocational education.

[[File:Garegin A center.jpg|thumb|Karekin I Centre of Theology and Armenology]]The [[Karekin I Centre of Theology and Armenology]] is also functioning in the town since 2000.

{{As of|2009}}, Vagharshapat is home to 14 public secondary schools, 8 kindergartens and 2 musical academies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.caa.am/eng/lg.php?section=COMMUNITIES&id=216 |title=Union of Communities of Armenia: Ejmiatsin |publisher=Caa.am |access-date=31 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110911132413/http://www.caa.am/eng/lg.php?section=COMMUNITIES&id=216 |archive-date=11 September 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The new complex of [[Eurnekian School]] of the Mother See was opened in September 2017.

==Sport==

[[FC Vagharshapat]] was the town's only football club, made its debut in the [[Armenian Premier League]] as Zvartnots Echmiadzin in 1992. However, it was dissolved in early 2006 and is currently inactive from professional football. The [[Etchmiadzin Stadium]] located immediately to the south of the Mother See complex, is able to hold up to 3,000 spectators.

In October 2016, the [[Football Federation of Armenia]] has launched the construction of a football academy at the southern suburb of the town, on the Vagharshapat-[[Margara]] motorway. The groundbreaking ceremony took place on 12 April 2017, was attended by President [[Serzh Sargsyan]], [[UEFA]] President [[Aleksander Čeferin]] and FFA President Ruben Hayrapetyan. With an approximate cost of US$2 million, the complex will occupy an area of {{convert|55601|m2|0|abbr=off}} and is expected to be completed by October 2017. The project is being jointly financed by the [[Football Federation of Armenia|FFA]], [[UEFA]] and [[FIFA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/arm/news/834579|title=ՀՖՖ-ն Արմավիրի մարզում իրականացնելու է ֆուտբոլի զարգացման խոշոր ներդրումային ծրագրեր}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.president.am/en/domestic-visits/item/2017/04/12/President-Serzh-Sargsyan-visited-Armavir-Marz/|title=Working visit of President Serzh Sargsyan to Armavir marz - Domestic visits - Updates - The President of the Republic of Armenia [the official site]|first=Helix Consulting|last=LLC|website=www.president.am}}</ref>

A new sport school is currently under construction in Vagharshapat since 2015, with a cost of more than US$1 million. The project is due to be completed in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ejmiatsin.am/maiin/4099--himnarkeq-.html|title=ԷՋՄԻԱԾԻՆԸ ՖՈՒՏԲՈԼԻ ԱԿԱԴԵՄԻԱ ԿՈՒՆԵՆԱ|access-date=21 May 2017|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001175012/http://ejmiatsin.am/maiin/4099--himnarkeq-.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The nearby village of [[Aknalich]] (10 km south of Vagharshapat) is famous for the ''Ara and Aytsemnik'' equestrian centre.

==International relations==
Vagharshapat (Etchmiadzin) has been a member of the [[Organization of World Heritage Cities]] (OWHC)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ovpm.org/fr/armenie/echmiatsin |title=Echmiatsin, Arménie |language=fr |publisher=OVPM |access-date=31 January 2013 |archive-date=5 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605213905/http://www.ovpm.org/fr/armenie/echmiatsin |url-status=dead }}</ref> since 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ |url=http://ejmiatsin.am/mezhdunarodnye-otnosheniya/970-mezhdunarodnye-otnosheniya.html |author= |date=10 June 2015 |language=ru |publisher=Municipality of Ejmiatsin |access-date=7 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929050941/http://ejmiatsin.am/mezhdunarodnye-otnosheniya/970-mezhdunarodnye-otnosheniya.html |archive-date=29 September 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Twin towns – sister cities===
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Armenia}}
Vagharshapat is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |url= https://ejmiatsin.am/ |title=Sister Cities |publisher= Municipality of Ejmiatsin |access-date=7 June 2023}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Fresno, California|Fresno]], United States (2009)
*{{flagicon|Republic of Artsakh}} [[Hadrut (town)|Hadrut]], [[Republic of Artsakh]] (2010-2020)
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Issy-les-Moulineaux]], France (1989)
*{{flagicon|Republic of Artsakh}} [[Martakert]], Republic of Artsakh (2010-2023)
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Petrozavodsk]], Russia (2004)
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Sergiyev Posad]], Russia (2010)
{{div col end}}

===Friendly cities===
Vagharshapat also cooperates with:
*{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Veliko Tarnovo]], Bulgaria (2013)<ref>[https://ejmiatsin.am/relation-detail/7/ Official Website of the Municipality of Ejmiatsin]</ref>
*{{flagicon|GEO}} [[Mtskheta]], Georgia (2016)<ref>{{cite web |title=Sister cities|url=https://ejmiatsin.am/relation-detail/6/|publisher=ejmiatsin.am|date=2016-06-20|access-date=2023-09-21}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|NED}} [[Almelo]], Netherlands (2020)<ref>{{cite web |title=Sister cities|url=https://hyetert.org/2020/01/29/netherlands-almelo-city-decides-to-establish-friendly-relations-with-armenias-ejmiatsin-town/|publisher=HyeTert|date=2020-01-29|access-date=2020-07-02}}</ref>

==Notable people==
*Zacharias II (?–1520), Catholicos of All Armenians 1515–1520{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}
*Gregory XII (1498–1590), Catholicos of All Armenians 1576–1590{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}
*David IV (?–1633), Catholicos of All Armenians 1590–1629{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}
*[[Makar Yekmalyan]] (1856–1905), composer{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}
*[[Hovhannes Hovhannisyan]] (1864–1929), poet{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}
*[[Yeghishe Tadevosyan]] (1870-1936), artist, pedagogue
*[[Abraham Gyulkhandanyan]] (1875–1946), politician and historian{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}
*[[Levon Manaseryan]] (1925), painter{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}
*[[Aram Asatryan]] (1953–2006), singer{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}
*[[Khoren Gevor]] (1980–), professional boxer{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}
*[[Mihran Harutyunyan]] (1989-), wrestler, professional [[Mixed martial arts|MMA]] fighter and Olympic Silver Medalist{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}
*[[Andranik Karapetyan]] (1995-), European champion in weightlifting
*[[Arman Adikyan]] (1984-), Greco-Roman wrestler
*[[Siranush Andriasian]] (1986-), professional chess player and three time Armenian champion
*[[Sedrak Saroyan]] (1967–2022), general and MP
*[[Andranik Hakobyan (boxer)|Andranik Hakobyan]], professional boxer
*[[Hamlet Manukyan]], gymnast
*[[Anahit Mekhitarian]], opera singer

==See also==
* [[Armenian Apostolic Church]]
* [[Arsacid dynasty of Armenia]]
* [[Echmiadzin Gospels]]
* [[Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin]]
* [[Vologases V]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://artsandculture.google.com/story/8gWxbYlGi65CWw Cathedral and Churches of Echmiatsin and the Archaeological Site of Zvartnots] UNESCO Collection on Google Arts and Culture
* {{commons category-inline|Vagharshapat}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Echmiadzin | volume= 8 |last1= Kropotkin |first1= Peter Alexeivitch |author1-link= Peter Kropotkin| last2= Bealby |first2= John Thomas| pages = 883–884 |short= 1}}

{{Vagharshapat}}
{{Cities and towns in Armenia}}
{{Historic capitals of Armenia}}
{{World Heritage Sites in Armenia}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Vagharshapat| ]]
[[Category:Former capitals of Armenia]]
[[Category:Holy cities]]
[[Category:Populated places in Armavir Province]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 7th century BC]]

Mount Ararat

2024-09-05T18:24:59Z

RaffiKojian: /* Gallery */ view from plane

{{Short description|Highest mountain in Turkey}}
{{about|the mountain in Turkey}}
{{Distinguish|Mount Arafat|Mount Aragats|Mount Arayat}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{good article}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Mount Ararat
| native_name = {{native name list|tag1=hy|name1=Մասիս|postfix1= {{transliteration|hy|(''Masis'')}}|tag2=ku|name2=Çiyayê Agirî|postfix2= |tag3=tr|name3=Ağrı Dağı|postfix3= }}
| photo =  spacer.gif
| photo_size = 1
| photo_caption = [[File:Mount Ararat and the Yerevan skyline in spring (50mm).jpg|frameless|upright=1.40]] [[Little Ararat]] (left) and Greater Ararat (right); View from [[Yerevan]], Armenia
| elevation_m = 5137
| elevation_ref = See [[#Elevation|Elevation section]]
| prominence_m = 3611
| prominence_ref = <ref>{{cite web|title=100 World Mountains ranked by primary factor|url=http://www.ii.uib.no/~petter/mountains/world_finest.html|website=ii.uib.no|publisher=Institutt for informatikk [[University of Bergen]]|access-date=2016-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521231603/http://www.ii.uib.no/~petter/mountains/world_finest.html|archive-date=2016-05-21|url-status=live}}</ref> [[List of peaks by prominence|Ranked 48th]]
| range = [[Armenian Highlands]]
| listing = [[List of countries by highest point|Country high point]] [[Ultra prominent peak|Ultra]] [[Volcanic Seven Summits#Volcanic Seven Second Summits|Volcanic Seven Second Summits]]
| location = [[Iğdır Province|Iğdır]] and [[Ağrı province]]s, [[Turkey]]
| region = [[Eastern Anatolia Region]]
| map = Turkey#Caucasus mountains#Near East#Europe#Earth
| map_caption = Location in Turkey
| label_position = left#right
| coordinates = {{coord|39.7019|N|44.2983|E|type:mountain_region:TR|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref = <ref name=otm>{{cite opentopomap|Ağrı Dağı|39.7019|44.2983|2023-06-13}}</ref>
| type = [[Stratovolcano]]
| last_eruption = July 2, 1840
| first_ascent = {{OldStyleDate|9 October|1829|27 September}} [[Friedrich Parrot]], [[Khachatur Abovian]], two Russian soldiers, two Armenian villagers
| fetchwikidata = ALL
}}{{Infobox designation list
| embed =
| designation1 = National Park
| designation1_offname = Ağrı Dağı Milli Parkı
| designation1_date = 1 November 2004<ref>{{cite web|title=Ağrı Dağı Milli Parkı [Ağrı Dağı National Park]|url=http://bolge13.ormansu.gov.tr/13bolge/AnaSayfa/birimler/agri/agridagi.aspx?sflang=tr|website=ormansu.gov.tr|publisher=[[Ministry of Forest and Water Management (Turkey)|Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forest and Water Management]]|language=tr|access-date=2016-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505045218/http://bolge13.ormansu.gov.tr/13bolge/AnaSayfa/birimler/agri/agridagi.aspx?sflang=tr|archive-date=2016-05-05|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}

'''Mount Ararat''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ær|ə|r|æ|t}}, {{respell|ARR|ə|rat}}; {{lang-arm|Արարատ|Ararat}}) or '''Masis''' ({{lang-hy|Մասիս|links=no}}) also known as '''Mount Agirî''' ([[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]: Çiyayê Agirî)<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ağri Daği (the so-called Ararat) - Livius |url=https://www.livius.org/articles/place/agri-dagi-the-so-called-ararat/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=www.livius.org}}</ref> and '''Mount Ağrı''' ([[Turkish language|Turkish]]: ''Ağrı Dağı''), is a snow-capped and dormant [[compound volcano]] in [[Eastern Turkey]]. It consists of two major volcanic cones: Greater Ararat and [[Little Ararat]]. Greater Ararat is the highest peak in Turkey; Little Ararat's elevation is {{convert|3896|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="YilmazOther1998a">{{cite journal|last1=Yilmaz|first1=Y.|last2=Güner|first2=Y.|last3=Saroğlu|first3=F.|title=Geology of the quaternary volcanic centres of the east Anatolia|journal=[[Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research]]|date=1998|volume=85|issue=1–4|pages=173–210|doi=10.1016/s0377-0273(98)00055-9|bibcode=1998JVGR...85..173Y |issn=0377-0273 }}</ref> The Ararat [[massif]] is about {{convert|35|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} wide at ground base.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Short|editor1-first=Nicholas M.|editor2-last=Blair|editor2-first=Robert W.|title=Geomorphology From Space: A Global Overview of Regional Landforms|date=1986|publisher=[[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]]|page=226|chapter=Mt. Ararat, Turkey}}</ref> The first recorded efforts to reach Ararat's summit were made in the Middle Ages, and [[Friedrich Parrot]], [[Khachatur Abovian]], and four others made the first recorded ascent in 1829.

In Europe, the mountain has been called by the name Ararat since the [[Middle Ages]], as it began to be identified with "[[mountains of Ararat]]" described in the Bible as the resting-place of [[Noah's Ark]], despite contention that {{Bibleverse|Genesis|8:4|KJV}} does not refer specifically to a Mount Ararat.

Although lying outside the borders of modern [[Armenia]], the mountain is the principal national symbol of Armenia and has been considered a sacred mountain by Armenians. It has featured prominently in Armenian literature and art and is an icon for [[United Armenia|Armenian irredentism]]. It is depicted on the [[coat of arms of Armenia]] along with Noah's Ark.

==Political borders ==
Mount Ararat forms a near-[[quadripoint]] between [[Turkey]], [[Iran]], [[Armenia]], and the [[Nakhchivan exclave|Nakhchivan]] exclave of [[Azerbaijan]]. Its summit is located some {{convert|16|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} west of both the [[Iran]]ian border and the border of the [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] exclave of Azerbaijan, and {{convert|32|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} south of the Armenian border. The Turkish-Armenian-Azerbaijani and Turkish-Iranian-Azerbaijani [[tripoint]]s are some {{convert|8|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} apart, separated by a narrow strip of Turkish territory containing the [[European route E99|E99]] road which enters Nakhchivan at {{coord|39.6553|N|44.8034|E|format=dms}}.

From the 16th century until 1828 the range was part of the Ottoman-Persian border; Great Ararat's summit and the northern slopes, along with the eastern slopes of Little Ararat were controlled by Persia. Following the [[Russo-Persian War (1826–28)|1826–28 Russo-Persian War]] and the [[Treaty of Turkmenchay]], the Persian controlled territory was ceded to the Russian Empire. Little Ararat became the point where the Turkish, Persian, and Russian imperial frontiers converged.<ref name="iranicaonline"/> The current international boundaries were formed throughout the 20th century. The mountain came under Turkish control during the 1920 [[Turkish–Armenian War]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hovannisian|first1=Richard G.|author-link1=Richard G. Hovannisian|title=Armenia and the Caucasus in the Genesis of the Soviet-Turkish Entente|journal=[[International Journal of Middle East Studies]]|date=1973|volume=4|issue=2|pages=129–147|jstor=162238|quote=...Nationalist Turkey annexed the Surmalu district, embracing Mount Ararat, the historic symbol of the Armenian people.|doi=10.1017/s0020743800027409|s2cid=162360397 }}</ref> It formally became part of Turkey according to the 1921 [[Treaty of Moscow (1921)|Treaty of Moscow]] and [[Treaty of Kars]].<ref>{{cite book|last=de Waal|first=Thomas|author-link=Thomas de Waal|title=Great Catastrophe: Armenians and Turks in the Shadow of Genocide|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0199350698|page=86}}</ref> In the late 1920s, Turkey crossed the Iranian border and occupied the eastern flank of Lesser Ararat as part of its effort to quash the [[Kurds|Kurdish]] [[Ararat rebellion]],<ref name="ParrotAraratRebellion">{{harvnb|Parrot|2016|p=xxiii}}.</ref> during which the Kurdish rebels used the area as a safe haven against the Turkish state.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Yildiz|first1=Kerim|last2=Taysi|first2=Tanyel B.|title=The Kurds in Iran: The Past, Present and Future|url=https://archive.org/details/kurdsiranpastpre00yild|url-access=limited|year=2007|publisher=Pluto Press|location=London|isbn=978-0745326696|page=[https://archive.org/details/kurdsiranpastpre00yild/page/n77 71]}}</ref> Iran eventually agreed to cede the area to Turkey in a [[Iran–Turkey relations#20th century|territorial exchange]].<ref name="ParrotAraratRebellion"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Tsutsiev|first=Arthur|translator=Nora Seligman Favorov|title=Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus|year=2014|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven|isbn=978-0300153088|page=92}}</ref> The Iran-Turkey boundary skirts east of Lesser Ararat (or Little Ararat), the lower peak of the Ararat massif.

{{As of|2004}} the mountain was open to climbers only with "military permission". The procedure to obtain the permission involves submitting a formal request to a Turkish embassy for a special "Ararat visa", and it is mandatory to hire an official guide from the Turkish Federation for Alpinism.

==Names and etymology==
[[File:Mount Ararat and the Araratian plain (cropped).jpg|thumb|View from the Araratian plain near the city of [[Artashat, Armenia]]. ]]
[[File:Closeup of large peak of Mount Ararat.jpg|thumb|Closeup of Greater Ararat]]
[[File:Closeup of Lesser Ararat from Yerevan.jpg|thumb|Closeup of Lesser Ararat]]
[[File:981122-Ararat-IMG_0791-3.jpg|thumb|View from [[Turkey]]]]

===Ararat===
''Ararat'' ([[Western Armenian]]: ''Ararad'') is the [[Biblical Hebrew]] name ({{Lang|hbo|אררט}} {{Transliteration|hbo|ʾrrṭ}})<ref>{{cite book|last1=Frymer|first1=Tikva S.|last2=Sperling|first2=S. David|author-link1=Tikva Frymer-Kensky|title=Encyclopaedia Judaica|date=2008|edition=2nd|chapter=Ararat, Armenia|title-link=Encyclopaedia Judaica}} [https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0002_0_01234.html view online]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222111306/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0002_0_01234.html |date=2015-12-22 }}.</ref>{{efn|[[Tiberian vocalization]] אֲרָרָט ''ʾărārāṭ''; [[Pesher on Genesis|Pesher Genesis]] הוררט ''hōrārāṭ''.}} cognate with [[Akkadian language|Assyrian]] [[Urartu]],{{sfn|Arnold|2008|p=104}} of a kingdom that existed in the Armenian Highlands in the 9th–6th centuries BC.{{efn|Other fringe theories have been proposed. In the 19th century [[Wilhelm Gesenius]] speculated, without evidence, an origin from ''Arjanwartah'', an unattested [[Sanskrit]] word without any clear cognates, supposedly meaning "holy ground".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rogers |first1=Thorold |title=Bible Folk-Lore: A Study in Comparative Methodology |date=1884 |publisher=[[Charles Kegan Paul|Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co]] |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/stream/biblefolklorestu00rogeuoft#page/20/mode/2up 21] |quote=Ararat was thought by Gesenius to be a Sanskrit word (Arjawartah), signifying "holy ground,"... |author-link1=Thorold Rogers}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bonomi |first1=Joseph |title=The Imperial Bible-Dictionary: Historical, Biographical, Geographical and Doctrinal - Volume I |date=1866 |publisher=[[Blackie and Son]] |editor1-last=Fairbairn |editor1-first=Patrick |editor1-link=Patrick Fairbairn |location=Glasgow |page=[https://archive.org/stream/theimperialbible01unknuoft#page/118/mode/2up 118] |chapter=Ararat |author-link1=Joseph Bonomi the Younger}}</ref> Historian [[Ashot Melkonyan]] links the origin of the word "Ararat" to the prefix of a number of placenames in the Armenian Highland ("ar–"), including the Armenians.<ref name="Avakyan2">{{cite journal |last1=Avakyan |first1=K. R. |date=2009 |title=Աշոտ Մելքոնյան, Արարատ. Հայոց անմահության խորհուրդը [Ashot Melkonyan, Ararat. Symbol of Armenian Immortality] |url=http://lraber.asj-oa.am/542/ |url-status=live |journal=[[Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri]] |language=hy |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=252–257 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118131544/http://lraber.asj-oa.am/542/ |archive-date=2015-11-18 |access-date=2015-11-17 |quote=Պատմական ճակատագրի բերումով Արարատ-Մասիսը ոչ միայն վեհության, անհասանելիության, կատարելության մարմնավորում է, այլև 1915 թ. հայոց մեծ եղեռնից ու հայ ժողովրդի հայրենազրկումից հետո՝ բռնազավթված հայրենիքի և այն նորեն իր արդար զավակներին վերադարձելու համոզումի անկրկնելի խորհրդանիշ, աշխարհասփյուռ հայության միասնականության փարոս» (էջ 8):}}</ref> }} The mountain is known as Ararat in European languages,<ref name="Hewsen"/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=Eli|author-link1=Eli Smith|title=Foreign Correspondence|journal=The Biblical Repository and Classical Review|date=1832|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ADtKAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA203 203]|quote=...called by the Armenians, Masis, and by Europeans generally Ararat...}}</ref> however, none of the native peoples have traditionally referred to the mountain by that name.{{sfn|Bryce|1877|p=[https://archive.org/stream/transcaucasiaara00bryciala#page/198/mode/2up 198]}} This mountain was not called by the name Ararat until the [[Middle Ages]]; early Armenian historians considered the biblical Ararat to be in [[Corduene]].<ref name="Agadjanian2016">{{cite book|author=Alexander Agadjanian|title=Armenian Christianity Today: Identity Politics and Popular Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YAYHDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA14|date=15 April 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-17857-6|pages=14|quote= It is worth noting that, contrary to Armenian Apostolic Church discourse and popular knowledge, it was probably as late as the beginning of the second millennium AD when the localization of the biblical Mount Ararat was permanently moved from the highlands hemming upper Mesopotamia to Mount Masis in the heart of historical Armenian territory.}}</ref><ref name="Petrosyan2001">{{cite book|last=Petrosyan|first=Hamlet|authorlink=Hamlet Petrosyan|editor=[[Levon Abrahamian]] and Nancy Sweezy|title=Armenian Folk Arts, Culture, and Identity|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780253337047/page/36|year=2001|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-33704-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780253337047/page/36 36]|chapter=The Sacred Mountain|quote=When Armenians were first introduced to the biblical story of the flood, there was no special interest in the location of Mount Ararat. Most Armenian historians in the Early Middle Ages accepted the generally held Christian opinion of the time that Ararat was located near Mesopotamia in Korduk (Corduene), the southernmost province of Armenia. However, when European Crusaders on their way to free the Holy Land from Moslem rule appeared in the region in the 11th century, Armenian hopes for similar "salvation" helped to catalyze the final identification of Masis with Ararat. From the 12th century on, Catholic missionaries and other travelers to the region returned to Europe with the same story: that the mountain where the Ark landed was towering in the heart of Armenia.}}</ref> [[Ayrarat]], the central province of the [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Greater Armenia]], is believed to originate from the same name.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hakobian |first1=T. Kh. |author1-link=Tadevos Hakobyan |title=Հայաստանի պատմական աշխարհագրություն [Historical Geography of Armenia] |date=1984 |orig-date=1968 |publisher=Yerevan University Press |page=108 |edition=4th |url=http://lib.ysu.am/disciplines_bk/185de07e6ba68b6099e3a1d351ce2ca5.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410142156/http://lib.ysu.am/disciplines_bk/185de07e6ba68b6099e3a1d351ce2ca5.pdf |archive-date=2023-04-10 |language=hy |quote= Այրարատ անվան ստուգաբանությամբ զբաղվել են մի շարք բանասերներ և պատմաբաններ: Սակայն մինչև օրս էլ այդ անվան մեկնության շուրջ գոյություն ունեն տարբեր կարծիքներ: Ամենից հավանականը այն կարծիքն է, որն Այրարատ, Արարատ և Ուրարտու անունները համարում է հոմանիշներ:}}</ref>

===Ağrı and Agirî===
The Turkish name Mount Ağrı (''Ağrı Dağı'', {{IPA|tr|aːɾɯ da.ɯ|}}; {{lang-ota|آغـر طﺎﻍ|lit=|translit=Āġır Ṭāġ}}, {{IPA|az|aːɣæɾ taɣ|}}), has been known since the [[late Middle Ages]].{{sfn|Novoseltsev|1978}} Although the word "ağrı" literally translates to "pain" the current name is considered a derivative of the mountain's initial Turkish name "Ağır Dağ" which translates as "heavy mountain".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuh'un Gemisi Efsanesi |url=https://agri.ktb.gov.tr/TR-122233/nuhun-gemisi-efsanesi.html |access-date=2024-01-05 |website=agri.ktb.gov.tr}}</ref><ref name="Hewsen" />{{sfn|Novoseltsev|1978}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dalton|first1=Robert H.|title=Sacred Places of the World: A Religious Journey Across the Globe|date=2004|publisher=Abhishek|isbn=9788182470514|page=133|quote=The Turkish name for Mt Ararat is Agri Dagi (which means mountain of pain).}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=McCarta|first1=Robertson|title=Turkey|date=1992|publisher=Nelles|isbn=9783886184019|page=210|edition=2nd|quote=(Turkish: Agri Dagi, "Mount of Sorrows")}}</ref> The 17th century explorer [[Evliya Çelebi]] referred to it as Ağrî in the ''[[Seyahatnâme]]''. Despite the supposed meaning in Turkish ''Ağrı Dağı'' as "pain mountain" and Kurdish ''Çiyayê Agirî'' as "fiery mountain", some linguists underline a relationship between the mountain's name and a village on its slopes called ''[[Yenidoğan, Aralık|Ağori]]'' that was decimated after a landslide in 1840. The exact meaning of these related names remains unknown.<ref>{{cite web|title=Yenidoğan|url=https://nisanyanyeradlari.com/?yer=18030&haritasi=yenido%C4%9Fan|work=Index Anatolicus|access-date=7 December 2023|language=tr}}</ref>

The [[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]] name of the mountain is {{Lang|ku|Çiyayê Agirî}}<ref name=Sar2012a/><ref>{{cite news|title=Xortekî tirk dixwaze bi bîsîklêtê xwe ji çiyayê Agirî berde xwarê|url=http://rudaw.net/kurmanci/sports/190620141|agency=[[Rudaw Media Network]]|date=19 June 2014|language=ku|access-date=16 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117020118/http://rudaw.net/kurmanci/sports/190620141|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> ({{IPA-all|t͡ʃɪjaːˈje aːgɪˈriː|}}), which translates to "fiery mountain".<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last1=Waugh|first1=Alexander|title=Will he, won't He? Ararat by Frank Westerman, translated by Sam Garrett|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2008/08/will-he-wont-he/|work=[[The Spectator]]|date=27 August 2008|access-date=22 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811211231/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2008/08/will-he-wont-he/|archive-date=11 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> An alternative Kurdish name is ''Grîdax'', which is composed of the word ''grî'', presumably a corrupted version of the Kurdish ''girê'', meaning hill, or ''Agirî'', and ''dax'', which is the Turkish ''dağ'', meaning mountain.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Akkuş |first1=Murat |title=Ağrı Dağı'nın adı "Ararat" olmalı |url=https://www.basnews.com/tr/babat/475822 |website=basnews |access-date=26 July 2022}}</ref>

===Masis===
The traditional Armenian name is ''Masis'' ({{Lang|hy|Մասիս}} {{IPA-hy|maˈsis|}}; sometimes ''Massis'').<ref name="JewEnc"/>{{sfn|Bryce|1877|p=[https://archive.org/stream/transcaucasiaara00bryciala#page/198/mode/2up 198]}} However, nowadays, the terms Masis and Ararat are both widely, often interchangeably, used in Armenian.<ref>{{cite book|last=Avetisyan|first=Kamsar|title=Հայրենագիտական էտյուդներ [Armenian studies sketches]|date=1979|publisher=Sovetakan grogh|location=Yerevan|language=hy|page=14|url=http://armenianhouse.org/avetisyan/armenian-highland.html|quote=Հայերը Արարատը անվանում են Մասիս...|access-date=2015-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127174506/http://armenianhouse.org/avetisyan/armenian-highland.html|archive-date=2015-11-27|url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|The peaks are sometimes referred to in plural as Մասիսներ ''Masisner''.<ref name="encyclopedia.am"/> Greater Ararat is known as simply ''Masis'' or Մեծ Մասիս (''Mets Masis'', "Great/Big Masis"). While Lesser Ararat is known as ''Sis'' (Սիս)<ref name="Peroomian"/><ref name="Delitzsch"/> or Փոքր Մասիս (''P′ok′r Masis'', "Little/Small Masis").<ref name="Hewsen"/><ref name="encyclopedia.am"/> The word "Ararat" occurs in Armenian literature from the early medieval period, following the invention of the [[Armenian alphabet]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hovhannisyan |first1=L. Sh. |title=Բառերի մեկնությունը հինգերորդ դարի հայ մատենագրուտյան մեջ [Interpretation of words in 5th century Armenian manuscripts] |date=2016 |publisher=Gitutyun |location=Yerevan |page=[http://language.sci.am/sites/default/files/book/bareri_meknutynnery.pdf 61] |language=hy}}</ref>}} The folk etymology expressed in [[Movses Khorenatsi]]'s ''[[History of Armenia (Movses Khorenatsi)|History of Armenia]]'' derives the name from king Amasya, the great-grandson of the legendary Armenian patriarch [[Hayk]], who is said to have called the mountain ''Masis'' after himself.{{sfn|Khorenatsi|1978|p=91}}{{sfn|Petrossyan|2010|p=221}}

Various scholarly etymologies have been proposed.{{efn|[[Hovhannes Tumanyan]] tentatively proposed an etymology from purported [[Sanskrit]] words ''ma'' (mother) and ''sis'' (summit, peak or height) by citing [[:ru:Ягелло, Иван Дионисиевич|Ivan Yagello]]'s ''Hindustani-Russian Dictionary'' (1902). Tumanyan also referred to the [[Cybele|Anatolian mother goddess]], who was called "Ma" or "Amma" locally as a possible inspiration.<ref>{{cite book |title=Հովհ. Թումանյան. Երկերի ժողովածու. Չորրորդ հատոր. Քննադատություններ և հրապարակախոսություն. 1892-1921 [Hovh. Tumanyan: Collected Works. Volume IV: Criticism and Journalism, 1892-1921] |date=1951 |publisher=Haypethrat |location=Yerevan |pages=399–409 |url=https://tert.nla.am/archive/HAY%20GIRQ/Ardy/1951-1980/tumanyan_IVhator_1951.pdf |language=hy |chapter=Հայերեն գավառական բառարան}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gasparian |first1=G. K. |title=Հովհաննես Թումանյանի բառարանագիտական դիտողությունները [Lexicographical Remarks of Hovhannes Tumanian] |journal=[[Patma-Banasirakan Handes]] |date=1969 |volume=3 |page=66 |url=https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/188786/edition/171423/content |language=hy}}</ref> [[Hrachia Acharian]] disagreed, noting that the earlier variant is Masik‘, while Masis is the [[accusative case]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stepanian |first1=Garnik |author1-link=:hy:Գառնիկ Ստեփանյան |title=Հրաչյա Աճառյան. Կյանքը և գործը [Hrachia Acharian: Life and Work] |date=2013 |publisher=Yerevan University Press |isbn=978-5-8084-1787-8 |url=http://publishing.ysu.am/files/34-1465373184-.pdf |language=hy|page=175|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819102718/http://publishing.ysu.am/files/34-1465373184-.pdf |archive-date=2024-08-19 |quote=չի ընդունում Թումանյանի ստուգաբանական կարծիքները, մանավանդ հատուկ անունների խնդրում, օրինակ' Սիս Մասիս բառերի Թումանյանական բացատրությունը: Թումանյանի կարծիքով Մասիս անունը առաջացել է սանսկրիտ Մա և Սիս- գագաթ բառերից, մինչդեռ Աճառյանն իր նամակում գտնում է, որ Մասիս բառի հին ձևը եղել է Մասիք, թե Մասիս նրա հայցական ձևն է, ուրեմն բուն բառը պետք է լինի մասի, արմատը մաս և այլն:}}</ref> }} [[Anatoly Novoseltsev]] suggested that ''Masis'' derives from [[Middle Persian]] ''masist'', "the largest".{{sfn|Novoseltsev|1978}} According to [[:hy:Սարգիս Պետրոսյան|Sargis Petrosyan]] the ''mas'' root in Masis means "mountain", cf. [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] *mņs-.{{sfn|Petrossyan|2010|p=221}} Armen Petrosyan suggested an origin from the [[Mashu|Māšu]] (Mashu) mountain mentioned in the ''[[Epic of Gilgamesh]]'', which sounded like ''Māsu'' in Assyrian.{{sfn|Petrosyan|2016|p=72}} The name meant "twin", referring to the twin peaks of the mountain. ''Erkuahi'', a land mentioned in Urartian texts and identified with Mt. Ararat, could reflect the native Armenian form of this same name (compare to Armenian ''erku'' (երկու, "two")).<ref>Armen Petrosyan. "Biblical Mt. Ararat: Two Identifications". ''Comparative Mythology''. December 2016. Vol. 2. Issue 1. pp. 68–80.</ref>

Today, both Ararat and Masis are common male first names among Armenians.<ref>As of 2022, there were 5489 and 882 people named Ararat and Masis, respectively, in Armenia's voters' list
* {{cite web |title=Արարատ (Ararat) |url=http://www.anun.am/f/85e |website=anun.am |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105174616/http://www.anun.am/f/85e |archive-date=5 January 2023 |language=hy}}
* {{cite web |title=Մասիս (Masis) |url=http://www.anun.am/f/324f |website=anun.am |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810131501/http://www.anun.am/f/324f |archive-date=10 August 2022}}</ref>

===Other names===
The traditional [[Persian language|Persian]] name is {{lang|fa|کوه نوح}} ({{IPA|fa|ˈkuːhe ˈnuːh|}}, ''{{transliteration|fa|Kūh-e Nūḥ}}''),<ref name="iranicaonline"/> literally the "mountain of Noah".<ref name="Hewsen"/><ref name="JewEnc"/>

In [[classical antiquity]], particularly in [[Strabo]]'s ''[[Geographica]]'', the peaks of Ararat were known in [[ancient Greek]] as {{Lang|grc|Ἄβος}} (''Abos'') and {{Lang|grc|Νίβαρος}} (''Nibaros'').{{efn|[[Strabo]], ''[[Geographica]]'', XI.14.2 and XI.14.14.{{sfn|Petrossyan|2010|p=220}} They are also transliterated as ''Abus'' and ''Nibarus''.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Jones|editor1-first=Horace Leonard|title=The Geography of Strabo|date=1928|publisher=Harvard University Press|chapter=XI.14}} [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/11N*.html view Book XI, Chapter 14 online]</ref> Abos and Nibaros are the two peaks of Ararat according to scholars such as [[Nicholas Adontz]],{{sfn|Petrossyan|2010|p=220}} [[Vladimir Minorsky]],<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Minorsky|first1=V.|author-link1=Vladimir Minorsky|title=Roman and Byzantine Campaigns in Atropatene|journal=[[Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London]]|date=1944|volume=11|issue=2|pages=243–265|quote=Although what Strabo means by Abos seems to be the southern spurs of Mt. Ararat...|jstor=609312|doi=10.1017/S0041977X0007244X|s2cid=129323675 }}</ref> [[Julius Fürst]].<ref name="Fürst"/>}}

==Geography==
Mount Ararat is located in the [[Eastern Anatolia Region]] of Turkey, between the provinces of [[Ağrı Province|Ağrı]] and [[Iğdır Province|Iğdır]], near the border with [[Iran]], [[Armenia]] and [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] [[exclave]] of [[Azerbaijan]], between the [[Aras (river)|Aras]] and [[Murat River|Murat]] rivers.<ref name=MinistryOfTourism>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110611075707/http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/belge/2-17324/eski2yeni.html "Ağrı – Mount Ararat"]. Republic of Turkey Ministry of culture and tourism (''kultur.gov.tr''). 2005.</ref> The [[Serdarbulak plateau|Serdarbulak]] [[lava plateau]], at 2600 meters of elevation, separates the peaks of Greater and Little Ararat.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://anatolia.com/activities/mountaineering/ararat.html |title= Mount Agri (Ararat) |author=  |date= 2003 |website= anatolia.com |access-date= 26 December 2020 |quote= "the Serdarbulak lava plateau (2600 m) stretches out between the two pinnacles." |archive-date= 28 September 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210928205405/http://anatolia.com/activities/mountaineering/ararat.html |url-status= dead }}</ref> There are [[Doğubayazıt Reeds]] on the western slopes of Mount Ararat.<ref name="Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Mehmet Ali Çelik, Prof.Dr. İbrahim Kopar, Dr.Öğr. Üyesi Emrah Çelik">{{Cite web |date=December 20, 2021 |title=Doğubayazıt sazlığının (Ağrı-Türkiye) arazi örtüsü deseninde meydana gelen değişimlerin ekolojik sonuçları üzerine bir analiz |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2058634 |publisher=Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi-[[Atatürk University]] |page=3 |language=Turkish}}</ref> Mount Ararat's summit is located some {{convert|16|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} west of the Turkey-Iran border and {{convert|32|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} south of the Turkey-Armenia border. The [[Ararat plain]] runs along its northwest to western side.

===Elevation===
Ararat is the third [[List of Ultras of West Asia|most prominent mountain in West Asia]].

An elevation of {{convert|5165|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} for Mount Ararat is given by some encyclopedias and reference works such as ''[[Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary]]'' and ''Encyclopedia of World Geography''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|date=2001|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|location=Springfield, Massachusetts|isbn=9780877795469|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Co_VIPIJerIC&pg=PA63 63]|edition=3rd|url=https://archive.org/details/merriamwebstersg1998merr/page/63}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Haggett|editor1-first=Peter|editor1-link=Peter Haggett|title=Encyclopedia of World Geography: The Middle East|chapter=Turkey|date=2002|publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]]|isbn=978-0-7614-7289-6|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=6BqVsXdHWAIC&pg=PA2026 2026]|edition=2nd}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Hartemann|first1=Frederic|last2=Hauptman|first2=Robert|title=The Mountain Encyclopedia|date=2005|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield|Taylor Trade]]|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn=978-0-8108-5056-9|page= [https://books.google.com/books?id=ifs2AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA17 17]|url=https://archive.org/details/mountainencyclop0000hart/page/17}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Galichian|first1=Rouben|author-link1=Rouben Galichian|title=Historic Maps of Armenia: The Cartographic Heritage|date=2004|publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]]|isbn=978-1-86064-979-0|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0dZfCXeL2AEC&pg=PA26 26]}}</ref> However, a number of sources, such as the [[United States Geological Survey]] and numerous topographic maps indicate that the alternatively widespread figure of {{convert|5137|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} is probably more accurate.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kurter|first1=Ajun|author-link1=:tr:Ajun Kurter|title=Glaciers of the Middle East and Africa: Turkey|date=20 May 1988|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386g/turkey.pdf|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] Professional Paper 1386-G|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011160658/https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386g/turkey.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Maps of Ararat - Ararat Map, Turkey (Agri Dagi)|url=http://maps.turkeyodyssey.com/city/maps_of_ararat.php|website=turkeyodyssey.com|publisher=Terra Anatolia|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225034653/http://maps.turkeyodyssey.com/city/maps_of_ararat.php|archive-date=2007-02-25}}</ref> The current elevation may be as low as {{convert|5125|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} due to the [[Retreat of glaciers since 1850|melting]] of its [[snow]]-covered [[ice cap]].<ref>According to Petter E. Bjørstad, Head of Informatics Department at the [[University of Bergen]] (Norway). {{cite web|title=Ararat Trip Report|url=http://www.ii.uib.no/~petter/mountains/5000mtn/Ararat/ararat-trip.html|website=ii.uib.no|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011161358/http://www.ii.uib.no/~petter/mountains/5000mtn/Ararat/ararat-trip.html|archive-date=11 October 2017|date=August 2007|quote=I measured the summit elevation, averaging more than 300 samples in my GPS, it settled on 5132 meter, 5 meter lower than the often quoted 5137 figure. This clearly shows that the 5165 meter elevation that many sources use is wrong. The summit is a snow ridge with no visible rock anywhere. Thus, the precise elevation will change with the seasons and could definitely be influenced by climate change (global warming). Later GPS measurements in Iran suggested that the GPS data may be about 10 meter too high also in this part of the world. This would in fact point in the direction of a true Ararat elevation around 5125 meter.}}</ref>

[[File:Ararat 3d version 1.gif|300px|thumb|right|Mount Ararat 3D]]

===Summit ice cap===
{{see also|Climate change in Turkey}}
The [[ice cap]] on the summit of Mount Ararat has been shrinking since at least 1957. In the late 1950s, Blumenthal observed that there existed 11 outlet [[glacier]]s emerging from a summit snow mass that covered about {{convert|10|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Blumenthal1958a>{{cite journal|last=Blumenthal|first=M. M.|year=1958|title=Vom Agrl Dag (Ararat) zum Kagkar Dag. Bergfahrten in nordostanatolischen Grenzlande|journal=Die Alpen|volume=34|pages=125–137|language=de}}</ref> At that time, it was found that the present glaciers on the summit of Ararat extend as low as an elevation of {{convert|3900|m|ft|sp=us}} on the north-facing slope, and an elevation of
{{convert|4200|m|ft|sp=us}} on its south-facing slope.<ref name=Blumenthal1958a/> Using pre-existing [[aerial imagery]] and [[remote sensing]] data, Sarıkaya and others studied the extent of the ice cap on Mount Ararat between 1976 and 2011.<ref name=Sar2012a>{{cite journal|last=Sarıkaya|first=Mehmet Akif|title=Recession of the ice cap on Mount Ağrı (Ararat), Turkey, from 1976 to 2011 and its climatic significance|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences|date=2012|volume=46|pages=190–194|doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.12.009|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257553234|bibcode=2012JAESc..46..190S}}</ref><ref name=SarOthers2014a>{{cite book|last1=Sarıkaya|first1=Mehmet Akif|first2=A. E.|last2=Tekeli|year=2014|chapter=Satellite inventory of glaciers in Turkey|editor=J. S. Kargel|display-editors=etal|pages=465–480|title=Global Land Ice Measurements from Space|publisher=Springer-Verlag|location=New York|isbn=978-3540798170}}</ref> They discovered that this ice cap had shrunk to {{convert|8.0|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} by 1976 and to {{convert|5.7|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} by 2011. They calculated that between 1976 and 2011, the ice cap on top of Mount Ararat had lost 29% of its total area at an average rate of ice loss of {{convert|0.07|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} per year over 35 years. This rate is consistent with the general rates of retreat of other Turkish summit glaciers and ice caps that have been documented by other studies.<ref name=SarOthers2014a/> According to a 2020 study by Yalcin, "if the glacial withdrawals continue with the same acceleration, the permanent glacier will likely turn into a temporary glacier by 2065."<ref>{{Cite journal|title= A GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Model for Determining Glacier Vulnerability|year=2020|doi=10.3390/ijgi9030180|doi-access=free|last1=Yalcin|first1=Mustafa|journal=ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information|volume=9|issue=3|page=180|bibcode=2020IJGI....9..180Y}}</ref>

Blumenthal estimated that the [[snow line]] had been as low as {{convert|3000|m|ft|sp=us}} in elevation during the Late [[Pleistocene]].<ref name=Blumenthal1958a/> Such a snow line would have created an ice cap of {{convert|100|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} in extent. However, he observed a lack of any clear evidence of prehistoric [[moraine]]s other than those which were close to the 1958 glacier tongues. Blumenthal explained the absence of such moraines by the lack of confining ridges to control glaciers, insufficient debris load in the ice to form moraines, and their burial by later eruptions. Years later, Birman observed on the south-facing slopes a possible moraine that extends at least {{convert|300|m|ft|sp=us}} in altitude below the base of the 1958 ice cap at an elevation of {{convert|4200|m|ft|sp=us}}.<ref name=Birman1968a>{{cite journal|last=Birman|first=J. H.|year=1968|title=Glacial Reconnaissance in Turkey|journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin|volume=79|issue=8|pages=1009–1026|bibcode=1968GSAB...79.1009B|doi=10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[1009:GRIT]2.0.CO;2}}</ref> He also found two morainal deposits that were created by a Mount Ararat valley glacier of Pleistocene, possibly in the [[Last Glacial Period]], downvalley from [[Lake Balık]]. The higher moraine lies at an altitude of about {{convert|2200|m|ft|sp=us}} and the lower moraine lies at an altitude of about {{convert|1800|m|ft|sp=us}}. The lower moraine occurs about {{convert|15|km|mi|sp=us}} downstream from Lake Balık. Both moraines are about {{convert|30|m|ft|sp=us}} high. It is suspected that Lake Balık occupies a glacial basin.<ref name=Birman1968a/>

== Geology ==
{{see also|Alpide belt}}
Mount Ararat is a polygenic, compound [[stratovolcano]]. Covering an area of {{convert|1100|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it is the largest volcanic edifice within the region. Along its northwest–southeast trending long axis, Mount Ararat is about {{convert|45|km|mi|sp=us}} long and is about {{convert|30|km|mi|sp=us}} long along its short axis. It consists of about {{convert|1150|km3|abbr=on}} of [[dacite|dacitic]] and [[rhyolite|rhyolitic]] [[Pyroclastic rock|pyroclastic]] debris and dacitic, rhyolitic, and [[basalt]]ic [[lava]]s.<ref name=YilmazOther1998a/>

Mount Ararat consists of two distinct volcanic cones, Greater Ararat and Lesser Ararat ([[Little Ararat]]). The western volcanic cone, Greater Ararat, is a steep-sided volcanic cone that is larger and higher than the eastern volcanic cone. Greater Ararat is about {{convert|25|km|mi|sp=us}} wide at the base and rises about {{convert|3|km|mi|sp=us}} above the adjacent floors of the Iğdir and Doğubeyazıt basins. The eastern volcanic cone, Lesser Ararat, is {{convert|3896|m|ft|sp=us}} high and {{convert|15|km|mi|sp=us}} across. These volcanic cones, which lie {{convert|13|km|mi|sp=us}} apart, are separated by a wide north–south-trending crack. This crack is the surface expression of an extensional [[Fault (geology)|fault]]. Numerous [[parasitic cone]]s and [[lava dome]]s have been built by flank eruptions along this fault and on the flanks of both of the main volcanic cones.<ref name=YilmazOther1998a/>

Mount Ararat lies within a complex, sinistral [[pull-apart basin]] that originally was a single, continuous depression. The growth of Mount Ararat partitioned this depression into two smaller basins, the Iğdir and Doğubeyazıt basins. This pull-apart basin is the result of [[Strike slip fault|strike-slip]] movement along two en-echelon fault segments, the [[Doğubeyazıt–Gürbulak Fault|Doğubeyazıt–Gürbulak]] and [[Iğdir Fault]]s, of a sinistral strike–slip fault system. Tension between these faults not only formed the original pull-apart basin, but created a system of faults, exhibiting a horsetail splay pattern, that control the position of the principal volcanic eruption centers of Mount Ararat and the associated linear belt of parasitic volcanic cones. The strike-slip fault system within which Mount Ararat is located is the result of north–south convergence and [[Tectonism|tectonic]] compression between the Arabian Platform and [[Laurasia]] that continued after the [[Tethys Ocean]] closed during the [[Eocene]] [[Epoch (geology)|epoch]] along the Bitlis–Zagros [[Suture (geology)|suture]].<ref name=YilmazOther1998a/><ref name=DeweyOther1986a>{{cite book|last1=Dewey|first1=J. F.|last2=Hempton|first2=M. R.|last3=Kidd|first3=W. S. F.|last4=Saroglum|first4=F.|last5=Sengὃr|first5=A. M. C.|editor1-last=Coward|editor1-first=M. P.|editor2-last=Ries|editor2-first=A. C.|title=Collision Tectonics|date=1986|publisher=[[Geological Society of London]]|pages=3–36|chapter=Shortening of continental lithosphere: the neotectonics of Eastern Anatolia – a young collision zone}}</ref><ref name=KarakhanianOther2002a>{{cite journal|last1=Karakhanian|first1=A.|last2=Djrbashian|first2=R.|last3=Trifonov|first3=V.|last4=Philip|first4=H.|last5=Arakelian|first5=S.|last6=Avagian|first6=A.|title=Holocene–Historical Volcanism and Active Faults as Natural Risk Factor for Armenia and Adjacent Countries|journal=[[Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research]]|date=2002|volume=113|issue=1|pages=319–344|doi=10.1016/s0377-0273(01)00264-5|bibcode=2002JVGR..113..319K}}</ref>

=== Geological history ===
[[File:Mediterranean Rupelian.jpg|thumb|Paleogeography of the early [[Oligocene]]]]
[[File:Tectonic map Mediterranean EN.svg|thumb|upright=1.75|Tectonic map of southern Europe, Mediterranean and the Near East, showing tectonic structures of the western [[Alpide belt|Alpide mountain belt]]]]
During the early [[Eocene]] and early [[Miocene]], the collision of the Arabian platform with Laurasia closed and eliminated the Tethys Ocean from the area of what is now Anatolia. The closure of these masses of [[continental crust]] collapsed this [[ocean basin]] by middle Eocene and resulted in a progressive shallowing of the remnant seas, until the end of the early Miocene. Post-collisional tectonic convergence within the collision zone resulted in the total elimination of the remaining seas from East Anatolia at the end of early Miocene, crustal shortening and thickening across the collision zone, and uplift of the East Anatolian–Iranian plateau. Accompanying this uplift was extensive deformation by faulting and folding, which resulted in the creation of numerous local basins. The north–south compressional deformation continues today as evidenced by ongoing faulting, volcanism, and seismicity.<ref name=YilmazOther1998a/><ref name=DeweyOther1986a/><ref name=KarakhanianOther2004a/>

Within Anatolia, regional volcanism started in the middle-late Miocene. During the late Miocene–[[Pliocene]] period, widespread volcanism blanketed the entire East Anatolian–Iranian plateau under thick volcanic rocks. This volcanic activity has continued uninterrupted until historical times. Apparently, it reached a climax during the latest Miocene–Pliocene, 6 to 3 Ma. During the [[Quaternary]], the volcanism became restricted to a few local volcanoes such as Mount Ararat. These volcanoes are typically associated with north–south tensional fractures formed by the continuing north–south shortening deformation of Anatolia.<ref name=YilmazOther1998a/>

In their detailed study and summary of the Quaternary volcanism of Anatolia, Yilmaz et al. recognized four phases to the construction of Mount Ararat from volcanic rocks exposed in glacial valleys deeply carved into its flanks.<ref name=YilmazOther1998a/> First, they recognized a ''fissure eruption phase'' of [[Plinian eruption|Plinian-subPlinian]] [[Fissure vent|fissure eruptions]] that deposited more than {{convert|700|m|ft|sp=us}} of pyroclastic rocks and a few basaltic [[lava flow]]s.

These volcanic rocks were erupted from approximately north northwest–south southeast-trending extensional faults and fissures prior to the development of Mount Ararat. Second, a ''cone-building phase'' began when the volcanic activity became localized at a point along a fissure. During this phase, the eruption of successive flows of lava up to {{convert|150|m|ft|sp=us}} thick and [[pyroclastic flow]]s of [[andesite]] and dacite composition and later eruption of basaltic lava flows, formed the Greater Ararat cone with a low conical profile. Third, during a ''climatic phase'', copious flows of andesitic and basaltic lavas were erupted. During this phase, the current cones of Greater and Lesser Ararat were formed as eruptions along subsidiary fissures and cracks and flank occurred. Finally, the volcanic eruptions at Mount Ararat transitioned into a ''flank eruption phase'', during which a major north–south-trending fault offset the two cones that developed along with a number of subsidiary fissures and cracks on the volcano's flanks.

Along this fault and the subsidiary fissures and cracks, a number of parasitic cones and domes were built by minor eruptions. One subsidiary cone erupted voluminous basalt and andesite lava flows. They flowed across the Doğubeyazıt plain and along the southerly flowing Sarısu River. These lava flows formed black [[ʻaʻā]] and [[pāhoehoe]] lava flows that contain well preserved [[lava tube]]s.<ref name="YilmazOther1998a" /> The [[radiometric dating]] of these lava flows yielded radiometric ages of 0.4, 0.48 and 0.81 Ma.<ref name="AllenOther2011a">{{cite journal|last1=Allen|first1=Mark B.|last2=Mark|first2=Darren F.|last3=Kheirkhah|first3=Monireh|last4=Barfod|first4=Dan|last5=Emami|first5=Mohammad H.|last6=Saville|first6=Christopher|title=40Ar/39Ar dating of Quaternary lavas in northwest Iran: constraints on the landscape evolution and incision rates of the Turkish–Iranian plateau|journal=[[Geophysical Journal International]]|date=2011|volume=185|issue=3|pages=1175–1188|doi=10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.05022.x|bibcode=2011GeoJI.185.1175A|url=http://dro.dur.ac.uk/13575/1/13575.pdf|doi-access=free}}</ref> Overall, radiometric ages obtained from the volcanic rocks erupted by Mount Ararat range from 1.5 to 0.02 Ma.<ref name="YilmazOther1998a" />

===Recent volcanic and seismic activity===
The chronology of [[Holocene]] volcanic activity associated with Mount Ararat is documented by either archaeological excavations, oral history, historical records, or a combination of these data, which provide evidence that volcanic eruptions of Mount Ararat occurred in 2500–2400 BC, 550 BC, possibly in 1450 AD and 1783 AD, and definitely in 1840 AD. Archaeological evidence demonstrates that explosive eruptions and pyroclastic flows from the northwest flank of Mount Ararat destroyed and buried at least one [[Kura–Araxes culture]] settlement and caused numerous fatalities in 2500–2400 BC. Oral histories indicated that a significant eruption of uncertain magnitude occurred in 550 BC and minor eruptions of uncertain nature might have occurred in 1450 AD and 1783 AD.<ref name=SiebertOther2010a/><ref name=KarakhanianOther2002a/><ref name=KarakhanianOther2004a/><ref name="АрутюнянOthers2005a"/> According to the interpretation of historical and archaeological data, strong earthquakes not associated with volcanic eruptions also occurred in the area of Mount Ararat in 139, 368, 851–893, and 1319 AD. During the 139 AD earthquake, a large [[landslide]] that caused many casualties and was similar to the 1840 AD landslide originated from the summit of Mount Ararat.<ref name=KarakhanianOther2002a/><ref name=KarakhanianOther2004a/><ref name= TaymazOther1991a/>

====1840 eruption====
A [[phreatic eruption]] occurred on Mount Ararat on July 2, 1840 and pyroclastic flow from radial fissures on the upper north flank of the mountain and a possibly associated [[1840 Ahora earthquake|earthquake of magnitude 7.4]] that caused severe damage and numerous casualties. Up to 10,000 people died in the earthquake, including 1,900 villagers in the village of Akhuri (Armenian: Akori, modern [[Yenidoğan, Aralık|Yenidoğan]]) who were killed by a gigantic landslide and subsequent [[debris flow]]. In addition, this combination of landslide and debris flow destroyed the [[Saint Hakob of Akori monastery|Armenian monastery of St. Jacob]] near Akori, the town of [[Aralık|Aralik]], several villages, and Russian military barracks. It also temporarily dammed the Sevjur (Metsamor) River.<ref name=SiebertOther2010a/><ref name=KarakhanianOther2002a/><ref name=KarakhanianOther2004a/><ref name="АрутюнянOthers2005a"/>

==Ascents==
The 13th century missionary [[William of Rubruck]] wrote that "Many have tried to climb it, but none has been able."<ref name="William of Rubruck"/>

===Religious objections===
The [[Armenian Apostolic Church]] was historically opposed to ascents of Ararat on religious grounds. [[Thomas Stackhouse]], an 18th-century English theologian, noted that "All the Armenians are firmly persuaded that Noah's ark exists to the present day on the summit of Mount Ararat, and that in order to preserve it, no person is permitted to approach it."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Stackhouse|first1=Thomas|author-link1=Thomas Stackhouse|title=A History of the Holy Bible|date=1836|publisher=[[Blackie and Son]]|location=Glasgow|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=j78CAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA93 93]}}</ref> In response to its first ascent by Parrot and Abovian, one high-ranking Armenian Apostolic Church clergyman commented that to climb the [[sacred mountain]] was "to tie the womb of the mother of all mankind in a dragonish mode". By contrast, in the 21st century to climb Ararat is "the most highly valued goal of some of the patriotic pilgrimages that are organized in growing number from Armenia and the Armenian diaspora".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Siekierski|first1=Konrad|editor1-last=Agadjanian|editor1-first=Alexander|title=Armenian Christianity Today: Identity Politics and Popular Practice|date=2014|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=978-1-4724-1273-7|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=dDbjBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA14 14]|chapter='One Nation, One Faith, One Church': The Armenian Apostolic Church and the Ethno-Religion in Post-Soviet Armenia}}</ref>

===First ascent===
{{multiple image|caption_align=center
|image1 = Friedrich Parrot.jpg
|width1 = 160
|caption1 = [[Friedrich Parrot]]

|image2 = Abovianportrait.jpg
|width2 = 154
|caption2 = [[Khachatur Abovian]]
}}

The first recorded ascent of the mountain in modern times took place on {{OldStyleDate|9 October|1829|27 September}}.<ref name="Parrot">{{harvnb|Parrot|2016|p=139}}</ref><ref name="ut.ee">{{cite web|last1=Randveer|first1=Lauri|title=How the Future Rector Conquered Ararat|url=http://www.ut.ee/en/how-future-rector-conquered-ararat|publisher=[[University of Tartu]]|date=October 2009|access-date=2015-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125214750/http://www.ut.ee/en/how-future-rector-conquered-ararat|archive-date=2015-11-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Khachaturian|first1=Lisa|title=Cultivating Nationhood in Imperial Russia: The Periodical Press and the Formation of a Modern Armenian Identity|date=2011|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-1-4128-1372-3|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=A0uY_tuRcx8C&pg=PA52 52]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Milner|first1=Thomas|title=The Gallery of Geography: A Pictorial and Descriptive Tour of the World, Volume 2|date=1872|publisher=W.R. M'Phun & Son|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=UlYBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA783 783]|quote=Great Ararat was ascended for the first time by Professor Parrot, October 9, 1829...}}</ref> The [[Baltic Germans|Baltic German]] naturalist [[Friedrich Parrot]] of the [[University of Dorpat]] arrived at [[Etchmiadzin Cathedral|Etchmiadzin]] in mid-September 1829, almost two years after the Russian [[capture of Erivan|capture of Yerevan]], for the sole purpose of exploring Ararat.<ref>{{cite web|last=Giles|first=Thomas|title=Friedrich Parrot: The man who became the 'father of Russian mountaineering'|url=http://rbth.com/arts/literature/2016/04/27/friedrich-parrot-the-man-who-became-the-father-of-russian-mountaineering_588545|work=[[Russia Beyond the Headlines]]|date=27 April 2016|access-date=19 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624204206/https://www.rbth.com/arts/literature/2016/04/27/friedrich-parrot-the-man-who-became-the-father-of-russian-mountaineering_588545|archive-date=24 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The prominent Armenian writer [[Khachatur Abovian]], then a deacon and translator at Etchmiadzin, was assigned by Catholicos Yeprem, the head of the Armenian Church, as interpreter and guide.

Parrot and Abovian crossed the [[Aras River]] into the district of [[Surmalinsky Uyezd|Surmali]] and headed to the Armenian village of Akhuri on the northern slope of Ararat, {{convert|1220|m|ft}} above sea level. They set up a base camp at the [[Saint Hakob of Akori monastery|Armenian monastery of St. Hakob]] some {{convert|730|m|ft}} higher, at an elevation of {{convert|1943|m|ft}}. After two failed attempts, they reached the summit on their third attempt at 3:15 p.m. on October 9, 1829.<ref name="ut.ee"/><ref name="Ketchian">{{Cite journal|last=Ketchian |first=Philip K. |title=Climbing Ararat: Then and Now |journal=[[The Armenian Weekly]] |volume=71 |issue=52 |date=December 24, 2005 |url=http://www.hairenik.com/armenianweekly/fea12240501.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090908015245/http://www.hairenik.com/armenianweekly/fea12240501.htm |archive-date=September 8, 2009 }}</ref> The group included Parrot, Abovian, two Russian soldiers – Aleksei Zdorovenko and Matvei Chalpanov – and two Armenian Akhuri villagers – Hovhannes Aivazian and Murad Poghosian.{{sfn|Parrot|2016|p=142}} Parrot measured the elevation at {{convert|5250|m|ft}} using a mercury barometer. This was not only the first recorded ascent of Ararat, but also the second highest elevation climbed by man up to that date outside of Mount [[Licancabur]] in the Chilean Andes. Abovian dug a hole in the ice and erected a wooden cross facing north.{{sfn|Parrot|2016|p=141-142}} Abovian also picked up a chunk of ice from the summit and carried it down with him in a bottle, considering the water holy. On {{OldStyleDate|8 November|1829|27 October}}, Parrot and Abovian together with the Akhuri hunter Sahak's brother Hako, acting as a guide, climbed up Lesser Ararat.{{sfn|Parrot|2016|p=183}}

===Later notable ascents===
{{Wikisource|Century Magazine/Volume 48/Issue 2/Across Asia on a Bicycle. A Pause at the Mountain of the Ark|an early account of an ascent of Mount Ararat.}}

Other early notable climbers of Ararat included Russian climatologist and meteorologist [[Kozma Spassky-Avtonomov]] (August 1834), Karl Behrens (1835), German mineralogist and geologist [[Otto Wilhelm Hermann von Abich]] (29 July 1845),<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fairbairn|first1=Patrick|author-link1=Patrick Fairbairn|title=The Imperial Bible-Dictionary: Historical, Biographical, Geographical and Doctrinal – Volume I|contribution=Ararat|date=1866|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ZMECAAAAQAAJ/page/n134 119]}}</ref> British politician [[Henry Danby Seymour]] (1848)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Polo|first1=Marco|last2=Yule|first2=Henry|author-link1=Marco Polo|author-link2=Henry Yule|title=The Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian: Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East, Volume 1|date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=NRG540FwhrcC&pg=PA49 49]|isbn=978-1-108-02206-4}}</ref> and British army officer [[Robert Stuart (British Army officer)|Major Robert Stuart]] (1856).<ref>B. J. Corbin and Rex Geissler, ''The Explorers of Ararat: And the Search for Noah's Ark'', 3rd. edition (2010), chap. 3.</ref> Later in the 19th century, two British politicians and scholars—[[James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce|James Bryce]] (1876)<ref name="Bryce 18783">{{cite journal |last=Bryce |first=James |author-link=James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce |date=1878 |title=On Armenia and Mount Ararat |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1449386 |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=169–186 |doi=10.2307/1799899 |jstor=1799899}}</ref> and [[H. F. B. Lynch]] (1893)<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lynch|first1=H. F. B.|author-link1=H. F. B. Lynch|title=The ascent of Ararat|journal=[[The Geographical Journal]]|date=1893|volume=2|page=458}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Lynch|first1=H. F. B.|author-link1=H. F. B. Lynch|title=Armenia, travels and studies. Volume I: The Russian Provinces|date=1901|publisher=Longmans, Green, and Co.|location=London|page=[https://archive.org/stream/armeniatravelsst01lync#page/176/mode/2up 176]}}</ref>—climbed the mountain. The first winter climb was by Turkish alpinist Bozkurt Ergör, the former president of the [[:tr:Türkiye Dağcılık Federasyonu|Turkish Mountaineering Federation]], who climbed the peak on 21 February 1970.<ref>{{cite news|title=Conquering the legendary Mount Ararat|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=conquering-the-legendary-mount-ararat-2006-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222144639/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=conquering-the-legendary-mount-ararat-2006-01-15|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 February 2014|work=[[Hürriyet Daily News]]|date=15 January 2006}}</ref>

==Resting-place of Noah's Ark==
[[File:Chardin Ararat 1686.jpg|thumb|Ararat with Noah's Ark and [[Saint Gayane Church]] on [[Jean Chardin]]'s engraving of Etchmiadzin (1686).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia and the East Indies – First Edition – London, 1686 – Engravings and a Map |url=https://www.kedem-auctions.com/en/content/travels-sir-john-chardin-persia-and-east-indies-%E2%80%93-first-edition-%E2%80%93-london-1686-%E2%80%93-engravings |publisher=[[Kedem Auction House]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305112839/https://www.kedem-auctions.com/en/content/travels-sir-john-chardin-persia-and-east-indies-%E2%80%93-first-edition-%E2%80%93-london-1686-%E2%80%93-engravings |archive-date=5 March 2024 |date=December 21, 2021}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20240305112327/https://files.kedem-auctions.com/files/Sale84-public/281_2.jpg engraving archived]</ref>{{efn|It was created by [[:fr:Guillaume-Joseph Grelot|Guillaume-Joseph Grelot]], according to a 2024 book by {{Wikidata fallback link|Q73162093}}, director of the [[Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin#Museums and libraries|Etchmiadzin Museums]]. See [https://archive.today/JThaP/4c5f3b90a6920b9e9c8f57ee5f7eec4c7c73680f.jpg still] (4:55–5:01) from the book launch.<ref>{{cite web |title=Կայացել է «Արփիափայլ և երփնազան Սուրբ Էջմիածին» պատկերագրքի շնորհադեսը |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImVv6i5ffgU&ab_channel=MotherSeeofHolyEtchmiadzin |publisher=[[Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin]] |language=hy |date=March 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/ImVv6i5ffgU |archive-date=8 August 2024}}</ref> See also [[:File:Chardin Hripsime 1811 ed.jpg|1811 version]] ([[:File:06 Chardin Ecs-miazin nommée communément les trois eglises.jpg|full engraving]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Ecs-miazin nommée communément les trois eglises |url=https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:216531/ |website=repository.library.brown.edu |publisher=Brown Digital Repository, [[Brown University Library]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231213102626/https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:216531/ |archive-date=13 December 2023}}</ref>}} ]]

===Origin of the tradition===
According to the [[Book of Genesis]] of the [[Old Testament]], [[Noah's Ark]] landed on the "[[mountains of Ararat]]" ({{Bibleverse|Genesis|8:4|KJV}}). Historians and Bible scholars generally agree that "Ararat" is the Hebrew name of [[Urartu]], the geographical predecessor of Armenia; they argue that the word referred to the wider region at the time and not specifically to Mount Ararat.{{efn|
*Richard James Fischer: "The Genesis text, using the plural 'mountains' (or hills), identifies no particular mountain, but points generally toward Armenia ('Ararat' being identical with the Assyrian 'Urartu') which is broadly embraces [sic] that region."<ref name="Fischer"/>
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Exell|editor1-first=Joseph S.|editor2-last=Spence-Jones|editor2-first=Henry Donald Maurice|title=The Pulpit Commentary|chapter=Genesis|quote=It is agreed by all that the term Ararat describes a region.|title-link=Pulpit Commentary}} [https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/tpc.html view online]
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Dummelow|editor1-first=John|title=John Dummelow's Commentary on the Bible|date=1909|chapter=Genesis|quote=Ararat is the Assyrian 'Urardhu,' the country round Lake Van, in what is now called Armenia ... and perhaps it is a general expression for the hilly country which lay to the N. of Assyria. Mt. Masis, now called Mt. Ararat (a peak 17,000 ft. high), is not meant here.}} [https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/dcb/genesis-8.html view online]
*Bill T. Arnold: "Since the ancient kingdom of Ararat/Urartu was much more extensive geographically than this isolated location in Armenia, modern attempts to find remaints of Noah's ark here are misguided."{{sfn|Arnold|2008|p=105}}
*[[Vahan Kurkjian]]: "It has long been the notion among many Christians that Noah's Ark came to rest as the Flood subsided upon the great peak known as Mount Ararat; this assumption is based upon an erroneous reading of the 4th verse of the VIIIth chapter of Genesis. That verse does not say that the Ark landed upon Mount Ararat, but upon 'the mountains of Ararat.' Now, Ararat was the Hebrew version of the name, not of the mountain but of the country around it, the old Armenian homeland, whose name at other times and in other tongues appears variously as Erirath, Urartu, etc."<ref>{{cite book|last=Kurkjian|first=Vahan|author-link=Vahan Kurkjian|title=A History of Armenia|date=1964|orig-year=1958|publisher=Armenian General Benevolent Union of America|location=New York|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Asia/Armenia/_Texts/KURARM/1*.html|page=2}}</ref>}} The phrase is translated as "mountains of Armenia" (''montes Armeniae'') in the [[Vulgate]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Room|first1=Adrian|author-link1=Adrian Room|title=Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings|date=1997|publisher=[[McFarland & Company|McFarland]]|isbn=9780786401727|page=[https://archive.org/details/placenamesofworl00room/page/34 34]|url=https://archive.org/details/placenamesofworl00room/page/34}}</ref> Nevertheless, Ararat is traditionally considered the resting-place of Noah's Ark,<ref name="vos"/> and, thus, regarded as a biblical mountain.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tremblais|first1=Jean-Louis|title=Ararat, montagne biblique|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/lefigaromagazine/2011/07/16/01006-20110716ARTFIG00456-ararat-montagne-biblique.php|work=[[Le Figaro]]|date=16 July 2011|language=fr|access-date=9 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117031047/http://www.lefigaro.fr/lefigaromagazine/2011/07/16/01006-20110716ARTFIG00456-ararat-montagne-biblique.php|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}
*{{cite news|title=Biblical mountain's glaciers shrinking|url=http://www.news24.com/SciTech/News/Biblical-mountains-glaciers-shrinking-20100908|agency=[[News24 (website)|News24]]|date=8 August 2010|access-date=16 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117035416/http://www.news24.com/SciTech/News/Biblical-mountains-glaciers-shrinking-20100908|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Avagyan">{{cite book|last=Avagyan|first=Ṛafayel|title=Yerevan—heart of Armenia: meetings on the roads of time|date=1998|publisher=[[Union of Writers of Armenia]]|page=17|quote=The sacred biblical mountain prevailing over Yerevan was the very visiting card by which foreigners came to know our country.}}</ref>

Mount Ararat has been associated with the Genesis account since the 11th century,{{sfn|Arnold|2008|p=105}} and Armenians began to identify it as the ark's landing place during that time.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bailey|first1=Lloyd R.|editor1-last=Mills|editor1-first=Watson E.|editor2-last=Bullard|editor2-first=Roger Aubrey|title=Mercer Dictionary of the Bible|contribution=Ararat|date=1990|publisher=Mercer University Press|page=54|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&pg=PA54|isbn=978-0-86554-373-7|quote=...the local (Armenian) population called Masis and which they began to identify as the ark's landing place in the eleventh-twelfth centuries.|access-date=2016-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128072144/https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&pg=PA54|archive-date=2019-01-28|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare|F. C. Conybeare]] wrote that the mountain was "a center and focus of pagan myths and cults… and it was only in the eleventh century, after these had vanished from the popular mind, that the Armenian theologians ventured to locate on its eternal snows the resting-place of Noah's ark".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Conybeare|first=F. C.|author-link=Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare|title=Reviewed Work: ''Ararat und Masis. Studien zur armenischen Altertumskunde und Litteratur'' by Friedrich Murad|journal=[[The American Journal of Theology]]|date=1901|volume=5|issue=2|pages=335–337|jstor=3152410|doi=10.1086/477703}}</ref> [[William of Rubruck]] is usually considered the earliest reference for the tradition of Mount Ararat as the landing place of the ark in European literature.<ref name="William of Rubruck"/><ref name="Fischer"/><ref name="swau">{{cite web |last1 = Spencer |first1 = Lee |last2 = Lienard |first2 = Jean Luc |title = The Search for Noah's Ark |url = http://origins.swau.edu/papers/global/noah/default.html |publisher=[[Southwestern Adventist University]] |year = 2005 |access-date = 2015-11-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150314220807/http://origins.swau.edu/papers/global/noah/default.html |archive-date=2015-03-14 |url-status=live }} ([https://archive.org/details/SpencerLienardArarat archived])</ref> [[John Mandeville]] is another early author who mentioned Mount Ararat, "where Noah's ship rested, and it is still there".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mandeville|first1=John|author-link1=John Mandeville|translator=Anthony Bale|translator-link=Anthony Bale|title=The Book of Marvels and Travels|date=2012|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=9780199600601|page=70}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Mandel|first1=Jerome|editor1-last=Friedman|editor1-first=John Block|editor2-last=Figg|editor2-first=Kristen Mossler|title=Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia|contribution=Ararat, Mount|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-59094-9|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=-OmCfNI_SxAC&pg=PA30 30]}}</ref>{{efn|[[Isidore of Seville]] (''[[Etymologiae]]'' 14.3.35), [[Marco Polo]], [[Pierre d'Ailly]], and [[Odoric of Pordenone]] mention that Noah’s Ark can be found on "some mountains in Armenia, but they do not give the mountains’ name."<ref name="Duzer"/>}}

The ark on Ararat was often depicted in ''[[mappae mundi]]'' as early as the 11th century.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Unger |first1=Richard W. |author1-link=Richard Unger |title=Ships on Maps: Pictures of Power in Renaissance Europe |date=2010 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=9781349312078 |page=33 |quote=Mappaemundi did not have ships as part of their repertoire of illumination. Now and again but by no means universally Noah’s Ark did turn up, perched often on Mount Ararat where it had come to rest after the Flood.}}</ref>{{efn|Notable examples:
*the Anglo-Saxon ''mappa mundi'' (the [[:File:Cotton world map.jpg|Cotton map or Cottoniana]], {{circa|1025‒50}}),<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Appleton |first1=Helen |title=The northern world of the Anglo-Saxon mappa mundi |journal=[[Anglo-Saxon England (journal)|Anglo-Saxon England]] |date=December 2018 |volume=47 |pages=275–305 |doi=10.1017/S0263675119000061 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/anglo-saxon-england/article/abs/northern-world-of-the-anglosaxon-mappa-mundi/2FC3A373031A172817CA2752C8AF9719 |language=en |issn=0263-6751 |quote=The tribes of Israel are allocated areas and the locations of God’s covenants with man on Sinai and Ararat are marked, the latter with a small drawing of the Ark.}}</ref>
*the [[Ebstorf Map]] ({{circa|1240}}),<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pischke |first1=G. |title=The Ebstorf Map: tradition and contents of a medieval picture of the world |journal=[[History of Geo- and Space Sciences]] |date=11 July 2014 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=155–161 |doi=10.5194/hgss-5-155-2014 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2014HGSS....5..155P |url=https://hgss.copernicus.org/articles/5/155/2014/hgss-5-155-2014.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106140913/https://hgss.copernicus.org/articles/5/155/2014/hgss-5-155-2014.pdf |archive-date=2023-11-06 |quote=Noah’s Ark on Mount Ararat (Fig. 3a)}}</ref>
*the ''[[Chronica Majora]]'' ({{circa|1240–1253}}),<ref name="MatPari"/>
*the [[Psalter world map]] ({{circa|1260}}),<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fein |first1=Ariel |title=The Catalan Atlas |url=https://smarthistory.org/catalan-atlas/ |publisher=[[Smarthistory]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030235301/https://smarthistory.org/catalan-atlas/ |archive-date=30 October 2023 |date=June 6, 2022 |quote=The biblical whale that swallowed the prophet Jonah swims in an ocean while Noah’s ark rests atop Mount Ararat.}}</ref>
*the [[Hereford Mappa Mundi]] ({{circa|1300}}),<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wogan-Browne |first1=Jocelyn |title=Reading the world: the Hereford mappa mundi |journal=[[Parergon]] |date=1991 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=117–135 |doi=10.1353/pgn.1991.0019 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/62/article/494673/ |issn=1832-8334 |quote=shown, in the ark, perched on top of Mount Ararat near the centre of the Hereford map}}</ref>
*the [[Angelino Dulcert]] (1339),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=Helen C. |author1-link=Helen C. Evans |title=Armenia: Art, Religion, and Trade in the Middle Ages |date=2018 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] and [[Yale University Press]] |isbn=9781588396600 |oclc=1028910888 |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Armenia_Art_Religion_and_Trade_in_the_Middle_Ages |chapter=Maps including Armenia |page=300 }}</ref>
*the [[Catalan Atlas]] ({{circa|1375}}),<ref name="Catalan"/>
*the [[Fra Mauro map]] ({{circa|1450}}),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Parker |first1=Philip |title=Atlas of Atlases |date=2022 |publisher=Ivy Press |location=London |isbn=9780711267497 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=SN-PEAAAQBAJ&dq=Fra+Mauro+ararat+noah%27s+ark&pg=PA76 76] |quote=He also shows Gog and Magog, Noah's Ark atop Mount Ararat...}}</ref>
*the [[Erdapfel]] ({{circa|1490}},<ref name="Behaim"/>
&[[Martin Waldseemüller]]'s ''Carta marina'' (1516).<ref name="Duzer"/> }}

<gallery caption="[[Mappa mundi|Medieval]] and early modern depictions of Noah's Ark on Ararat" mode="packed" heights="100px">
File:Boat 1520.jpg|''[[Chronica Majora]]'' ({{ca|1240–1253}}) by [[Matthew Paris]]{{efn|A detail from "Map of the Holy Land with Armenia" from the ''Chronica Majora'' showing "the highest mountains of Armenia" (''montes Armeniae altissimi'') with Noah's Ark balanced on its two peaks.<ref name="MatPari">{{cite web |last1=Mann |first1=C. Griffith |title=Armenia! In the Shadows of Mount Ararat |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/blogs/now-at-the-met/2018/armenia-mt-ararat |website=metmuseum.org |publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810232912/https://www.metmuseum.org/blogs/now-at-the-met/2018/armenia-mt-ararat |archive-date=10 August 2023 |date=October 15, 2018}}</ref>}}
File:Catalan Atlas Ark on Ararat.jpg|[[Catalan Atlas]], {{circa|1375}} by [[Abraham Cresques]]<ref name="Catalan">{{cite web |title=Panel V |url=https://www.cresquesproject.net/catalan-atlas-legends/panel-v |publisher=The Cresques Project |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026092429/https://www.cresquesproject.net/catalan-atlas-legends/panel-v |archive-date=26 October 2023 |quote=Mons Ararat...}}</ref>
File:Martin Behaim's Erdpfel,1492 (Reproduction) Ararat in Armenia with Noah's Ark.jpg|[[Erdapfel]] ({{circa|1490}}) by [[Martin Behaim]]<ref name="Behaim">{{cite book |last1=Ravenstein |first1=E. G. |author1-link=Ernst Georg Ravenstein |title=Martin Behaim. His Life and his Globe |date=1908 |publisher=George Philip & Son |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/gri_33125008398949/page/n102/mode/1up?q=ararat&view=theater 81] |url=https://archive.org/details/gri_33125008398949/ |quote=arche Noe (F 41), the Ark of Noah on a lofty mountain, the Ararat, according to the ancient legends.}}</ref>
File:Houghton GC6 K6323 675a (A) - topographia paradisi - detail.jpg|''[[Arca Noë]]'' (1675) by [[Athanasius Kircher]]{{efn|A detail from "[[:File:Houghton GC6 K6323 675a (A) - topographia paradisi.jpg|Topography of Paradise]]". In the mountains above Armenia, stands Mount Ararat, shown with a rectangular-shaped ark on the summit.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Spar|first1=Ira|editor1-last=Aruz|editor1-first=Joan|title=Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus|contribution=The Mesopotamian Legacy: Origins of the Genesis tradition|date=2003|publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]|location=New York|isbn=978-1-58839-043-1|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8l9X_3rHFdEC&pg=488 488]|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/research/metpublications/Art_of_the_First_Cities_The_Third_Millennium_BC_from_the_Mediterranean_to_the_Indus#|access-date=2015-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129012315/http://www.metmuseum.org/research/metpublications/Art_of_the_First_Cities_The_Third_Millennium_BC_from_the_Mediterranean_to_the_Indus|archive-date=2015-11-29|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
File:The Manner how the Whole Earth was Peopled by Noah & his Descendants after the Flood - detail.jpg|1749 [[etching]] in ''[[The Universal Magazine of Knowledge and Pleasure|The Universal Magazine]]''{{efn|A detail from "[[:File:The Manner how the Whole Earth was Peopled by Noah & his Descendants after the Flood.jpg|The Manner how the Whole Earth was Peopled by Noah & his Descendants after the Flood]]" showing Noah's Ark on top of the Mountains of Ararat in Armenia.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Manner how the Whole Earth was Peopled by Noah & his Descendants after the Flood |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_Y-4-103 |publisher=[[British Museum]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227203528/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_Y-4-103 |archive-date=December 27, 2020}}</ref>}}
</gallery>

===Prevalence of the tradition===
[[File:Aivazovsky - Descent of Noah from Ararat.jpg|thumb|''Descent of Noah from Ararat'' by [[Ivan Aivazovsky]] (1889, [[National Gallery of Armenia]]) depicts Noah with his family and a procession of animals crossing the [[Ararat plain]], following their descent from Mount Ararat, which is seen in the background.<ref>{{cite web|title=Նոյն իջնում է Արարատից (1889) [Descent of Noah from Ararat (1889)]|url=http://www.gallery.am/hy/database-egov/item/296/|publisher=[[National Gallery of Armenia]]|language=hy|access-date=2015-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924020550/http://www.gallery.am/hy/database-egov/item/296/|archive-date=2015-09-24|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Conway Morris|first=Roderick|title=The Key to Armenia's Survival|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=980DEEDA1F3EF937A15751C0A9649D8B63|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=24 February 2012|access-date=11 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307050226/https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=980DEEDA1F3EF937A15751C0A9649D8B63|archive-date=7 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>]]

Most Christians, including most of [[Western Christianity]],<ref name="swau"/> identify Mount Ararat with the biblical mountains of Ararat "largely because it would have been the first peak to emerge from the receding flood waters".<ref name="vos"/>{{efn|A 1722 biblical dictionary by [[Antoine Augustin Calmet|Austin Calmet]] and the 1871 [[Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary]] both point to Ararat as the place where the ark rested.<ref name="Calmet">original title: ''Dictionnaire historique, critique, chronologique, geographique et literal de la Bible''. English translation: {{cite book|last1=Calmet|first1=Augustin|author-link1=Antoine Augustin Calmet|title=Calmet's Dictionary of the Holy Bible: With the Biblical Fragments, Volume 1|date=1830|publisher=Holdsworth and Ball|location=London|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=LOhSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA178 178–179]|others=Charles Taylor (translator)|chapter=Ararat}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Jamieson|first1=Robert|last2=Fausset|first2=Andrew Robert|last3=Brown|first3=David|author-link2=Andrew Robert Fausset|author-link3=David Brown (Free Church of Scotland)|title=Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible|date=1871|title-link=Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary}} [http://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/jamieson-fausset-brown/genesis/genesis-8.html view Genesis 8:4 commentary online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820121159/http://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/jamieson-fausset-brown/genesis/genesis-8.html |date=2016-08-20 }}</ref>}} [[H. G. O. Dwight]] wrote in 1856 that it is "the general opinion of the learned in Europe" that the Ark landed on Ararat.{{sfn|Dwight|1856|p=189}} [[James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce|James Bryce]] wrote that the ark rested upon a "mountain in the district which the Hebrews knew as Ararat, or Armenia" in an 1878 article for the [[Royal Geographical Society]], and he added that the biblical writer must have had Mount Ararat in mind because it is so "very much higher, more conspicuous, and more majestic than any other summit in Armenia".<ref name="Bryce 18783"/>

In 2001 [[Pope John Paul II]] declared in his homily in Yerevan's [[Saint Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral, Yerevan|St. Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral]]: "We are close to Mount Ararat, where tradition says that the Ark of Noah came to rest."<ref>{{cite web|title=Homily of John Paul II|url=https://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/homilies/2001/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_20010926_yerevan-st-gregory.html|website=vatican.va|publisher=[[Holy See]]|date=26 September 2001|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219191426/https://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/homilies/2001/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_20010926_yerevan-st-gregory.html|archive-date=19 December 2016}}</ref> [[Patriarch Kirill of Moscow]], the head of the Russian Orthodox Church, also mentioned it as the resting-place of Noah's Ark in his speech at [[Etchmiadzin Cathedral]] in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Приветственная речь Святейшего Патриарха Кирилла в кафедральном соборе Эчмиадзина [Welcome speech by His Holiness Patriarch Kirill at the Cathedral of Etchmiadzin]|url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/1114986.html|website=patriarchia.ru|publisher=[[Russian Orthodox Church]]|language=ru|date=16 March 2010|quote=Каждый, кто приезжает в Армению, получает неизгладимое впечатление, лицезрея ее главный символ — священную гору Арарат, на которой остановился после потопа ковчег праотца Ноя.|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219191256/http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/1114986.html|archive-date=19 December 2016}}</ref>

Those critical of this view-point out that Ararat was the name of the country at the time when Genesis was written, not specifically the mountain. Arnold wrote in his 2008 Genesis commentary, "The location 'on the mountains' of Ararat indicates not a specific mountain by that name, but rather the mountainous region of the land of Ararat".{{sfn|Arnold|2008|p=104}}

===Searches===
Ararat has traditionally been the main focus of the [[searches for Noah's Ark]].<ref name="vos"/> [[Antoine Augustin Calmet|Augustin Calmet]] wrote in his 1722 biblical dictionary: "It is affirmed, but without proof, that there are still remains of Noah's ark on the top of this mountain; but [[Joseph Pitton de Tournefort|M. de Tournefort]], who visited this spot, has assured us there was nothing like it; that the top of mount Ararat is inaccessible, both by reason of its great height, and of the snow which perpetually covers it."<ref name="Calmet"/> Archaeological expeditions, sometimes supported by [[Evangelicalism|evangelical]] and [[Millenarianism|millenarian]] churches, have been conducted since the 19th century in search of the ark.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Patai|first1=Raphael|last2=Oettinger|first2=Ayelet|editor1-last=Patai|editor1-first=Raphael|editor2-last=Bar-Itzhak|editor2-first=Haya|editor1-link=Raphael Patai|title=Encyclopedia of Jewish Folklore and Traditions|chapter=Ararat|date=2015|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=9780765620255|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=m3qsBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA50 50–51]}}</ref> According to a 1974 book, around 200 people from more than 20 countries claimed to have seen the Ark on Ararat since 1856.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Balsiger|first1=David|last2=Sellier|first2=Charles E. Jr.|title=In Search of Noah's Ark|date=1974|publisher=[[Sunn Classic Pictures|Sunn Classic Books]]|page=203|title-link=In Search of Noah's Ark}}</ref> A fragment from the ark supposedly found on Ararat is on display at the museum of [[Etchmiadzin Cathedral]], the center of the Armenian Church.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zenian|first1=David|title=The Holy Etchmiadzin Museum: History of a Long Journey|journal=AGBU Magazine|date=1 July 1996|url=https://agbu.org/news-item/the-holy-etchmiadzin-museum-history-of-a-long-jouney/|access-date=11 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022163303/https://agbu.org/news-item/the-holy-etchmiadzin-museum-history-of-a-long-jouney/|archive-date=22 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite numerous reports of ark sightings (e.g. [[Ararat anomaly]]) and rumors, "no scientific evidence of the ark has emerged".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mayell|first1=Hillary|title=Noah's Ark Found? Turkey Expedition Planned for Summer|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0427_040427_noahsark.html|work=[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]|date=27 April 2004|pages=[https://web.archive.org/web/20040428171519/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0427_040427_noahsark.html 1], [https://web.archive.org/web/20051208012721/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0427_040427_noahsark_2.html 2]|access-date=26 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414031733/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0427_040427_noahsark.html|archive-date=14 April 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Searches for Noah's Ark are considered by scholars an example of [[pseudoarchaeology]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cline|first1=Eric H.|author-link1=Eric H. Cline|title=Biblical Archaeology: A Very Short Introduction|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-534263-5|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=zwNIDHSPsSMC&pg=PA72 72]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Fagan|first1=Garrett G.|author-link1=Garrett G. Fagan|title=Archaeological Fantasies: How Pseudoarchaeology Misrepresents the Past and Misleads the Public|date=2006|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-30592-1|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=sIYpx9mzd4gC&pg=PA69 69]}}</ref> [[Kenneth Feder]] writes: "As the flood story itself is unsupported by any archaeological evidence, it is not surprising that there is no archaeological evidence for the existence of an impossibly large boat dating to 5,000 years ago."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Feder|first1=Kenneth L.|author-link1=Kenneth Feder|title=Encyclopedia of Dubious Archaeology: From Atlantis to the Walam Olum: From Atlantis to the Walam Olum|contribution=Noah's Ark|date=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=RlRz2symkAsC&pg=PT195 195–196]|isbn=978-0-313-37919-2|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofdu0000fede/page/195}}</ref>

==Significance for Armenians==
===Symbolism===
[[File:Mount Ararat and the Yerevan skyline.jpg|thumb|Ararat—located some {{convert|65|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} south of the city–dominates the skyline of Armenia's capital [[Yerevan]].<ref name="Peroomian"/><ref name="Avagyan" /><ref name="Worldwide Destinations" /><ref>{{cite book|last1=Lydolph|first1=Paul E.|title=Geography of the U.S.S.R., Topical Analysis|date=1979|publisher=Misty Valley Publishing|page=46|quote=...about 65 kilometers south of Yerevan where Mount Ararat reaches an elevation of 5156 meters.}}</ref>]]
[[File:Tigran Erato coin with Mt Ararat.jpg|thumb|Ararat on an [[Artaxiad dynasty|Artaxiad]] coin of the Roman client king [[Tigran IV]] and queen [[Erato of Armenia|Erato]] from 2 BC–AD 1.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kovacs |first1=Frank L. |title=Tigranes IV, V, and VI: New Attributions |journal=[[American Journal of Numismatics]] |date=2008 |volume=20 |pages=341 |jstor=43580318 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43580318 |issn=1053-8356 |quote=The third coin type combines the jugate busts of Tigranes and Erato on the obverse with the unprecedented reverse type of the two-peaked Mount Ararat as it would have been seen from the capital city of Artaxata}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kovacs |first=Frank L. |title=Armenian Coinage in the Classical Period |url=https://www.academia.edu/107422933 |publisher=Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. |year=2016 |isbn=9780983765240|location=Lancaster|page=29 |quote=The smallest (two chalkoi) shows the jugate portraits of Tigranes and Erato, while the reverse is noteworthy for the first depiction of Mt. Ararat. }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Khachatryan |first1=Zhores |author1-link=Zhores Khachatryan |title=Նոր քաղաք-Կայնեպոլիս-Վաղարշապատ [New City-Cainepolis-Vagharshapat] |journal=[[Etchmiadzin (magazine)|Etchmiadzin]] |date=2014 |volume=71 |issue=9 |pages=29–53 |url=https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/277597/edition/254692/content |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211141942/https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/277597/edition/254692/content |archive-date=2022-12-11 |language=hy|quote=Դարձերեսին Արարատ լեռան պատկերն է՝ իր զույգ գագաթներով:}}</ref> ]]
[[File:Mkrtum Hovnatanian. Hayk Nahapet.jpeg|thumb|upright|[[Hayk]], the legendary founding father (patriarch) of the Armenian people, as depicted by [[Hovnatanian|Mkrtum Hovnatanian]] (1779–1846). Ararat is pictured in the background.]]

Despite lying outside the borders of modern Armenia, Ararat has historically been associated with Armenia,{{refn|<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shoemaker|first1=M. Wesley|title=Russia and The Commonwealth of Independent States 2014|contribution=Armenia|date=2014|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9781475812268|page=203|quote=Mt. Ararat, traditionally associated with Armenia...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Walker|first=Christopher J.|author-link=Christopher J. Walker|title=Armenia: The Survival of a Nation|url=https://archive.org/details/armeniasurvivaln00walk|url-access=limited|year=1990|orig-year=1980|publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]]|location=New York|isbn=978-0-312-04230-1|edition=2nd|page=[https://archive.org/details/armeniasurvivaln00walk/page/n141 11]|quote=...Mount Ararat, closely identified with Armenia throughout her history...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Villari|first1=Luigi|author-link1=Luigi Villari|title=Fire and Sword in the Caucasus|date=1906|publisher=[[T. Fisher Unwin]]|location=London|page=[http://armenianhouse.org/villari/caucasus/land-of-ararat.html 215]|quote=Almost the whole history of the Armenian people centres round Mount Ararat.}}</ref>}} and Armenians have been called the "people of Ararat".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gabrielian|first1=M. C.|title=The Armenians: or the People of Ararat|date=1892|publisher=Allen, Lane & Scott|location=Philadelphia|url=https://archive.org/details/armeniansorpeopl00gabr|access-date=2016-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201225032/https://archive.org/details/armeniansorpeopl00gabr|archive-date=2015-02-01|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Burtt|first1=Joseph|title=The People of Ararat|date=1926|publisher=L. and Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press|location=London|oclc=3522299}}</ref> It is widely considered the country's principal [[national symbol]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Levonian Cole|first=Teresa|title=Armenia opens up to visitors|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/7b5f2146-e2e0-11df-9735-00144feabdc0.html|work=[[Financial Times]]|date=30 October 2010|quote=Ararat, the supreme symbol of Armenia...|access-date=16 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117023913/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/7b5f2146-e2e0-11df-9735-00144feabdc0.html|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The image of Ararat, usually framed within a nationalizing discourse, is ubiquitous in everyday [[material culture]] in Armenia.{{sfn|Adriaans|2011|p=35}} [[Tsypylma Darieva]] argues that Armenians have "a sense of possession of Ararat in the sense of symbolic [[cultural property]]".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Darieva|first=Tsypylma|author-link=Tsypylma Darieva|title=Bringing the soil back to the homeland: Reconfigurations of representation of loss in Armenia|journal=Comparativ: Leipziger Beiträge zur Universalgeschichte und Vergleichenden Gesellschaftsforschung|date=2006|issue=3|page=90|url=http://research.uni-leipzig.de/comparativ/documents/C_2006-3/Darieva,%20Tsypylma%3B%20Bringing%20the%20soil%20back%20to%20the%20Homeland.pdf|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521215852/http://research.uni-leipzig.de/comparativ/documents/C_2006-3/Darieva,%20Tsypylma%3B%20Bringing%20the%20soil%20back%20to%20the%20Homeland.pdf|archive-date=2017-05-21}}</ref>

There is historical and modern [[mountain worship]] around it among Armenians.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Veneration of Ararat |journal=Near East/South Asia Report |date=1984 |issue=84158 |page=[https://archive.today/69trR/6babd8ff7dd5c8ddc60a955c557c28bb72e647ea.png 16] |publisher=[[Foreign Broadcast Information Service]] |quote=The Yerevan Armenians truly worship Ararat, which is their magic mountain. They venerate it to the extent that they sometimes forget that by one dirty trick of history its summit is presently under the skies of Turkey.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Le mont Ararat, symbole de l'Arménie |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/armenie/le-mont-ararat-symbole-de-l-armenie_1020453.html |agency=[[France Info (radio network)|France Info]] |date=29 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123140404/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/armenie/le-mont-ararat-symbole-de-l-armenie_1020453.html |archive-date=23 November 2022 |language=fr |quote=Cet ancien volcan vénéré par les Améniens attire des curieux du monde entier.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Մասիսներ [The Masises] |url=https://www.encyclopedia.am/pages.php?bId=1&hId=525 |website=encyclopedia.am |publisher=Armenian Encyclopedia Publishing |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123142347/https://www.encyclopedia.am/pages.php?bId=1&hId=525 |archive-date=23 November 2022 |language=hy |quote=Այն եղել է հայ ժողովրդի պաշտամունքի լեռը, որի շուրջ հյուսվել են բազմաթիվ զրույցներ ու առասպելներ:}}</ref> Ararat is known as the "[[Sacred mountains|holy mountain]]" of the Armenian people.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Companjen|editor1-first=Françoise|editor2-last=Marácz|editor2-first=László Károly|editor3-last=Versteegh|editor3-first=Lia|title=Exploring the Caucasus in the 21st Century: Essays on Culture, History and Politics in a Dynamic Context|date=2010|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|isbn=9789089641830|pages=12–13}}</ref><ref name="Worldwide Destinations" /><ref>{{cite book|last1=Darke|first1=Diana|title=Eastern Turkey|date=2014|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-490-7|page=317|quote=...of course Mount Ararat is for Armenians their holy mountain...}}
*{{cite book|title=Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary Volume II|contribution=Арарат|date=1890|language=ru|quote=Арарат давно считался священной горой у армян...|title-link=Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary}} [[:ru:s:ЭСБЕ/Арарат, горы|on Russian Wikisource]]</ref> It was principal to the pre-Christian [[Armenian mythology]], where it was the home of the gods.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Melton|first1=J. Gordon|author-link1=J. Gordon Melton|editor1-last=Melton|editor1-first=J. Gordon|editor2-last=Baumann|editor2-first=Martin|title=Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices|date=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-204-3|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=v2yiyLLOj88C&pg=PA164 164]|edition=2nd|chapter=Ararat, Mount}}</ref> With the rise of Christianity, the mythology associated with pagan worship of the mountain was lost.<ref name="Adalian"/>

Ararat was the geographical center of [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|ancient Armenia]].{{efn|"...Mt. Ararat, which was the geographical center of the ancient Armenian kingdoms..."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sakalli|first1=Seyhun Orcan|title=Coexistence, Polarization and Development: The Armenian Legacy in Modern Turkey|date=2014|url=http://www.hec.unil.ch/documents/seminars/deep/1566.pdf|publisher=[[HEC Lausanne]]|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215122946/http://www.hec.unil.ch/documents/seminars/deep/1566.pdf|archive-date=2016-12-15}}</ref> 
"The sacred mountain stands in the center of historical and traditional Armenia..."<ref name="Lottman"/> 
"To the Armenians it is the ancient sanctuary of their faith, the centre of their once famous kingdom, hallowed by a thousand traditions."{{sfn|Bryce|1877|p=[https://archive.org/stream/transcaucasiaara00bryciala#page/233/mode/1up 234]}} One scholar defined the historic [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Greater Armenia]] as "the area about {{convert|200|miles}} in every direction from Mount Ararat".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Maxoudian|first1=Noubar|title=Early Armenia as an empire: The career of Tigranes III, 96–55 B.C|journal=[[Asian Affairs|Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society]]|date=1952|volume=39|issue=2|pages=156–163|doi=10.1080/03068375208731438}}</ref>}} In the 19th-century era of [[romantic nationalism]], when an Armenian state did not exist, Ararat symbolized the historical Armenian nation-state.<ref name="Shirinian" /> In 1861 Armenian poet [[Mikael Nalbandian]], witnessing the [[Italian unification]], wrote to [[Harutiun Svadjian]] in a letter from [[Naples]]: "[[Mount Etna|Etna]] and [[Mount Vesuvius|Vesuvius]] are still smoking; is there no fire left in the old volcano of Ararat?"<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hacikyan|first1=Agop Jack|author-link1=Agop Jack Hacikyan|last2=Basmajian|first2=Gabriel|last3=Franchuk|first3=Edward S.|last4=Ouzounian|first4=Nourhan|title=The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the eighteenth century to modern times|year=2005|publisher=Wayne State University Press|location=Detroit|isbn=9780814332214|page=292}}</ref>

[[Theodore Edward Dowling]] wrote in 1910 that Ararat and [[Etchmiadzin Cathedral|Etchmiadzin]] are the "two great objects of Armenian veneration". He noted that the "noble snowy mountain takes the place, in the estimation of the Armenians, that [[Mount Sinai]] and the traditional [[Mount Zion]] do among the adherents of other [[Eastern Christians]]".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dowling |first=Theodore Edward |authorlink=Theodore Edward Dowling |title=The Armenian Church |publisher=[[Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge]] |year=1910 |location=London |page=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=yale.39002032127632&view=1up&seq=28 22]}}</ref> Jonathan Smele called Ararat and the medieval capital of [[Ani]] the "most cherished symbols of Armenian identity".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Smele |first1=Jon |title=The "Russian" Civil Wars, 1916–1926: Ten Years that Shook the World |date=2015 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780190233044 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=jGyMCwAAQBAJ&dq=two+of+the+most+cherished+symbols+of+Armenian+identity&pg=PA145 145] }}</ref>

===Myth of origin===
The [[Genesis flood narrative]] was linked to the Armenian [[Origin myth|myth of origin]] by the early medieval historian [[Movses Khorenatsi]]. In his ''[[History of Armenia (book)|History of Armenia]]'', he wrote that Noah and his family first settled in Armenia and later moved to [[Babylon]]. [[Hayk]], a descendant of [[Japheth]], a son of Noah, revolted against [[Bel (mythology)|Bel]] (the biblical [[Nimrod]]) and returned to the area around Mount Ararat, where he established the roots of the Armenian nation. He is thus considered the legendary [[founding father]] (patriarch) and the name giver of the Armenian people.{{sfn|Khorenatsi|1978|p=85}}{{sfn|Panossian|2006|p=51}} According to [[Razmik Panossian]], this legend "makes Armenia the cradle of all civilisation since Noah's Ark landed on the 'Armenian' mountain of Ararat. [...] it connects Armenians to the biblical narrative of human development. [...] it makes Mount Ararat the national symbol of all Armenians, and the territory around it the Armenian homeland from [[time immemorial]]."{{sfn|Panossian|2006|pp=51–52}}

===Coat of arms of Armenia===
Mount Ararat has been depicted on the [[coat of arms of Armenia]] consistently since 1918. The [[First Republic of Armenia|First Republic]]'s coat of arms was designed by architect [[Alexander Tamanian]] and painter [[Hakob Kojoyan]]. This coat of arms was readopted by the legislature of the Republic of Armenia on April 19, 1992, after Armenia regained its independence. Mount Ararat is depicted along with the ark on its peak on the [[Escutcheon (heraldry)|shield]] on an orange background.<ref>{{cite web|title=State symbols of the Republic of Armenia|url=http://www.president.am/en/state-symbols/|website=president.am|publisher=Office to the President of the Republic of Armenia|access-date=2015-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130213232/http://www.president.am/en/state-symbols/|archive-date=2015-11-30|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[emblem of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (Soviet Armenia) was created by the painters [[Martiros Saryan]] and Hakob Kojoyan in 1921.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Matevosian|first1=V.|last2=Haytayan|first2=P.|title=Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia Volume 10|contribution=Սարյան Մարտիրոս (Saryan Martiros)|date=1984|page=[https://hy.wikisource.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BB:%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_(Soviet_Armenian_Encyclopedia)_10.djvu/240 240]|language=hy|quote=1921–ին Հ. Կոջոյանի հետ ստեղծել է Խորհրդային Հայաստանի գերբը...|title-link=Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mount Ararat is depicted in the center and makes up a large portion of it.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Meier|first1=Reinhard|title=Soviet Armenia Today|journal=Swiss Review of World Affairs|date=1975|volume=25–26|quote=The impressive mountain also has its place as the central image in the coat of arms of the Armenian Soviet Republic (coupled, of course, with a five-pointed Soviet star).}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" widths="150px">
File:Coat of Arms of the First Republic of Armenia.png|[[Coat of arms of Armenia#Coat of arms of the First Republic of Armenia|First Republic (1918–1920)]]
File:Emblem of the Armenian SSR.svg|[[Emblem of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic|Soviet Republic (1921–91)]]
File:Coat of arms of Armenia.svg|[[Coat of arms of Armenia|Current Republic]] (1992–)
</gallery>

It is also depicted on the [[Emblem of Yerevan|emblem]] and [[flag of Yerevan]] since 2004. It is portrayed on the breast of a lion along with the [[Armenian eternity sign]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Symbols of Yerevan |url=https://www.yerevan.am/en/symbols-of-yerevan/ |website=yerevan.am |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811180125/https://www.yerevan.am/en/symbols-of-yerevan/ |archive-date=11 August 2023}}</ref> The mountain appears on the emblem of the [[Armenian Catholic Church|Armenian Catholic]] [[Ordinariate for Catholics of Armenian Rite in Eastern Europe|Ordinariate of Armenia and Eastern Europe]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Առաջնորդության տեղեկատվական համակարգը |url=https://armenianchurchco.com/%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%84%D5%AB-%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B6 |website=armenianchurchco.com |publisher=Ordinariate of the Armenian Catholic Church in Armenia, Georgia, Russia and Eastern Europe |archive-url=https://archive.ph/nBM0B |archive-date=29 August 2024 |language=hy}}</ref>

Ararat appeared on the coat of arms of the [[Armenian Oblast]] and the [[Georgia-Imeretia Governorate]] ([[:File:Georgia-Imeretia Governorate.JPG|image]]), subdivisions of the Russian Empire that included the northern flanks of the mountain. They were adopted in 1833 and 1843, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Revo |first1=O. |title=Гербы городов Грузино-Имеретинской губернии Российской империи [Coats of arms of the cities of the Georgian-Imereti province of the Russian Empire] |url=https://m.nkj.ru/archive/articles/8140/ |website=[[Nauka i Zhizn]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129190504/https://m.nkj.ru/archive/articles/8140/ |archive-date=29 January 2022 |language=ru |date=August 2000}}</ref>

===Symbol of genocide and territorial claims===
In the aftermath of the [[Armenian genocide]] of 1915, Ararat came to represent the destruction of the native Armenian population of eastern Turkey ([[Western Armenia]]) in the national consciousness of Armenians.{{efn|"The lands of Western Armenia which Mt. Ararat represent..."<ref name="Shirinian" /> "mount Ararat is the symbol of banal irredentism for the territories of Western Armenia"{{sfn|Adriaans|2011|p=48}}}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Johnson|first=Jerry L.|title=Crossing Borders – Confronting History: Intercultural Adjustment in the Post-Cold War World|date=2000|publisher=University Press of America|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn=978-0-7618-1536-5|pages=6–7|quote=Armenians view Mount Ararat as both a symbol of the Genocide and loss of hallowed land.}}</ref> [[Ari L. Goldman]] noted in 1988: "In most Armenian homes in the [[Armenian diaspora|modern diaspora]], there are pictures of Mount Ararat, a bittersweet reminder of the homeland and national aspirations."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Goldman|first1=Ari L.|author-link1=Ari L. Goldman|title=A History Full of Anguish and Agony; The Armenians, Still 'Like Job's People'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/18/weekinreview/world-history-full-anguish-agony-armenians-still-like-job-s-people.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 December 1988|access-date=11 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723004504/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/18/weekinreview/world-history-full-anguish-agony-armenians-still-like-job-s-people.html|archive-date=23 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ararat has become a symbol of Armenian efforts to reclaim its "lost lands", i.e. the areas west of Ararat that are now part of Turkey that had significant Armenian populations before the genocide.<ref name="Avakyan">{{cite journal|last1=Avakyan|first1=K. R.|title=Աշոտ Մելքոնյան, Արարատ. Հայոց անմահության խորհուրդը [Ashot Melkonyan, Ararat. Symbol of Armenian Immortality]|journal=[[Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri]]|volume=1|date=2009|issue=1|pages=252–257|url=http://lraber.asj-oa.am/542/|language=hy|quote=Պատմական ճակատագրի բերումով Արարատ-Մասիսը ոչ միայն վեհության, անհասանելիության, կատարելության մարմնավորում է, այլև 1915 թ. հայոց մեծ եղեռնից ու հայ ժողովրդի հայրենազրկումից հետո՝ բռնազավթված հայրենիքի և այն նորեն իր արդար զավակներին վերադարձելու համոզումի անկրկնելի խորհրդանիշ, աշխարհասփյուռ հայության միասնականության փարոս» (էջ 8):|access-date=2015-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118131544/http://lraber.asj-oa.am/542/|archive-date=2015-11-18|url-status=live}}</ref> Adriaans noted that Ararat is featured as a sanctified territory for the Armenians in everyday banal irredentism.{{sfn|Adriaans|2011|p=40}} Stephanie Platz wrote: "Omnipresent, the vision of Ararat rising above Yerevan and its outskirts constantly reminds Armenians of their putative ethnogenesis … and of their exile from Eastern Anatolia after the Armenian genocide of 1915."<ref>{{citation|last=Platz|first=Stephanie|year=1996|title=Pasts and Futures: Space, History and Armenian Identity 1988–1994|publisher=University of Chicago|page=34}}</ref>

[[File:Ararat is and remains Armenian.jpg|thumb|[[Lebanese Armenians]] protesting Turkish Prime Minister [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan|Erdoğan]]'s visit to Beirut in November 2010.<ref>{{cite news|title=Armenian protest against Erdogan visit turns violent|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Politics/Nov/26/Armenian-protest-against-Erdogan-visit-turns-violent.ashx#axzz2XWWLJBKD|access-date=28 June 2013|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Lebanon)|The Daily Star]]|date=26 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620161202/http://www.dailystar.com.lb//News/Lebanon-News/2010/Nov-26/61762-armenian-protest-against-erdogan-visit-turns-violent.ashx |archive-date=20 June 2019}}</ref> The poster reads "Ararat is and remains Armenian".<ref>{{cite web |title=Բախումներ Լիբանանում՝ ընդդեմ Էրդողանի այցի [Clashes in Lebanon against Erdogan's visit] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UsDjhAQBaKg |publisher=VOA Armenian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415163918/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UsDjhAQBaKg |archive-date=15 April 2016 |language=hy |date=November 25, 2010}}</ref>]]

Turkish political scientist Bayram Balci argues that regular references to the Armenian Genocide and Mount Ararat "clearly indicate" that the border with Turkey is contested in Armenia.<ref name="Balci"/> Since independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, the Armenian government has not made official claims to any Turkish territory,<ref name="Balci"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Phillips|first=David L.|title=Unsilencing the Past: Track Two Diplomacy and Turkish-Armenian Reconciliation|year=2005|publisher=Berghahn Books|location=New York|isbn=978-1-84545-007-6|page=68}}</ref> however the Armenian government has avoided "an explicit and formal recognition of the existing Turkish-Armenian border".<ref>{{cite news|last=Danielyan|first=Emil|title=Erdogan Demands Apology From Armenia|url=http://www.azatutyun.am/content/article/24280096.html|date=28 July 2011|agency=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|access-date=6 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118092341/http://www.azatutyun.am/content/article/24280096.html|archive-date=18 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In a 2010 interview with ''[[Der Spiegel]]'', Armenian President [[Serzh Sargsyan]] was asked whether Armenia wants "Mount Ararat back". Sargsyan, in response, said that "No one can take Mount Ararat from us; we keep it in our hearts. Wherever Armenians live in the world today, you will find a picture of Mount Ararat in their homes. And I feel certain that a time will come when Mount Ararat is no longer a symbol of the separation between our peoples, but an emblem of understanding. But let me make this clear: Never has a representative of Armenia made territorial demands. Turkey alleges this—perhaps out of its own bad conscience?"<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bidder|first1=Benjamin|title=Serge Sarkisian on Armenian-Turkish Relations: 'We Wanted to Break Through Centuries of Hostility'|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/serge-sarkisian-on-armenian-turkish-relations-we-wanted-to-break-through-centuries-of-hostility-a-687387-2.html|work=[[Der Spiegel]]|date=6 April 2010|access-date=6 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118110625/http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/serge-sarkisian-on-armenian-turkish-relations-we-wanted-to-break-through-centuries-of-hostility-a-687387-2.html|archive-date=18 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

The most prominent party to lay claims to eastern Turkey is the nationalist [[Armenian Revolutionary Federation]] (Dashnaktsutyun). which claims it as part of what it considers [[United Armenia]].<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite book|last=Harutyunyan|first=Arus|title=Contesting National Identities in an Ethnically Homogeneous State: The Case of Armenian Democratization|year=2009|publisher=Western Michigan University|location=Kalamazoo, Michigan|isbn=978-1-109-12012-7|page=89}}</ref> In various settings, several notable individuals such as German historian [[Tessa Hofmann]],{{efn|Hofmann suggested that "the return of the ruins of [[Ani]] and of Mount Ararat [by Turkey to Armenia], both in the immediate border area could be considered as a convincing gesture of Turkey's apologies and will for reconciliation."<ref>{{cite news|title=Return of ruins of Ani and of Mount Ararat could be considered as convincing gesture of Turkey's apologies: Tessa Hofmann|url=http://armenpress.am/eng/news/801959/return-of-ruins-of-ani-and-of-mount-ararat-could-be-considered-as-convincing-gesture-of-turkey%E2%80%99s.html|agency=[[Armenpress]]|date=16 April 2015|access-date=6 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117023420/http://armenpress.am/eng/news/801959/return-of-ruins-of-ani-and-of-mount-ararat-could-be-considered-as-convincing-gesture-of-turkey%E2%80%99s.html|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Slovak conservative politician [[František Mikloško]],{{efn|Mikloško stated at a 2010 conference on Turkey's foreign policy: "Mount Ararat [represents the] Christian heritage of Armenians. Does modern Turkey consider the possibility of giving the mount back to Armenians? The return of Ararat would be an unprecedented step to signify Turkey's willingness to build a peaceful future and promote its image at the international scene."<ref>{{cite news|title=Frantisek Miklosko demands that Turkey return Biblical Mount Ararat to Armenians|url=http://panarmenian.net/eng/news/53489|agency=[[PanARMENIAN.Net]]|date=14 September 2010|access-date=6 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117022013/http://panarmenian.net/eng/news/53489|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Lithuanian political scientist and Soviet dissident [[Aleksandras Štromas]]{{efn|Štromas wrote: "The Armenians would also be right to claim from Turkey the Ararat Valley, which is an indivisible part of the Armenian homeland containing the main spiritual center and supreme symbol of Armenia's nationhood, the holy Mountain of Ararat itself."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shtromas|first1=Alexander|author-link1=Aleksandras Štromas|editor1-last=Faulkner|editor1-first=Robert K.|editor2-last=Mahoney|editor2-first=Daniel J.|title=Totalitarianism and the Prospects for World Order: Closing the Door on the Twentieth Century|date=2003|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-0534-4|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=fTt6lJOEEFcC&pg=PA387 387]}}</ref>}} have spoken in support of Armenian claims over Mt. Ararat.

==Cultural depictions==
[[File:Stamp Armenia1992 1-3.jpg|thumb|The first stamps issued by independent Armenia in 1992<ref name="Arm stamp"/>]]
[[File:Ararat brandy (cognac) bottles.jpg|thumb|The mountain is notably featured on the [[Ararat (brandy)|Ararat]] brandy.]]

[[Levon Abrahamian]] noted that Ararat is visually present for Armenians in reality (it can be seen from many houses in Yerevan and settlements in the Ararat plain), symbolically (through many visual representations, such as on Armenia's coats of arms), and culturally—in numerous and various nostalgic poetical, political, architectural representation.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Abrahamian|first1=Levon|editor1-last=Grant|editor1-first=Bruce|editor2-last=Yalçın-Heckmann|editor2-first=Lale|title=Caucasus Paradigms: Anthropologies, Histories and the Making of a World Area|contribution=Dancing around the mountain: Armenian identity through rites of solidarity|date=2007|publisher=Lit Verlag|location=Berlin|isbn=9783825899066|pages=167–188|url=https://www.academia.edu/10712639}}</ref> The first three postage stamps issued by Armenia in 1992 after achieving independence from the Soviet Union depicted Mount Ararat.<ref name="Arm stamp"/>

Mount Ararat has been depicted on various [[Armenian dram]] banknotes issued in 1993–2001; on the [[Obverse and reverse|reverse]] of the 10 dram banknotes issued in 1993, on the reverse of the 50 dram banknotes issued in 1998, on the [[Obverse and reverse|obverse]] of the 100 and 500 dram banknotes issued in 1993, and on the reverse of the 50,000 dram banknotes issued in 2001. It was also depicted on the reverse of the Turkish 100 [[Turkish lira|lira]] banknotes of 1972–1986.{{efn|[[Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey]]. Banknote Museum: 6. Emission Group – One Hundred Turkish Lira – [https://web.archive.org/web/20090204092533/http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/banknote/E6/226.htm I. Series], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090204092534/http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/banknote/E6/228.htm II. Series] & [https://web.archive.org/web/20090204092539/http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/banknote/E6/230.htm III. Series].}}

Ararat is depicted on the logo of two of Armenia's leading university, the [[Yerevan State University]], on the logos of [[FC Ararat Yerevan|Football Club Ararat Yerevan]] (since the Soviet times) and the [[Football Federation of Armenia]]. The logo of [[Armavia]], Armenia's now defunct [[flag carrier]], also depicted Ararat.

''Ararat'' (now ''[[Etchmiadzin (magazine)|Etchmiadzin]]'') was the name of the Armenian Church's official magazine, the first periodical in Armenia, launched in 1868.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cowe |first1=S. Peter |author1-link=S. Peter Cowe |title=Ejmiatsin |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/ejmiatsin |website=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] |date=December 15, 1998}}</ref> The publications of the [[Social Democrat Hunchakian Party]] in Lebanon (''[[Ararad (daily)|Ararad]]'' daily) and California, U.S. (''[[Massis (weekly)|Massis]]'' weekly) are both named for the mountain.

The [[Ararat (brandy)|Ararat]] brandy, produced by the [[Yerevan Brandy Company]] since 1887, is considered the most prestigious Eastern European brandy.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ermochkine|first1=Nicholas|last2=Iglikowski|first2=Peter|title=40 Degrees East: An Anatomy of Vodka|date=2003|publisher=[[Nova Science Publishers]]|location=New York|isbn=978-1-59033-594-9|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=uWB2ZyTO7_sC&pg=PA121 121]|quote=Undoubtedly the top of the tops of East European brandies is the Armenian brandy called Ararat...}}</ref> Hotels in Yerevan often advertise the visibility of Ararat from their rooms, which is seen as a major advantage for tourists.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ritman|first1=Alex|title=My Kind of Place: Yerevan has thrived through conquest|url=https://www.thenational.ae/lifestyle/travel/my-kind-of-place-yerevan-has-thrived-through-conquest-1.355086|work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]|date=17 August 2012|access-date=2 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072520/https://www.thenational.ae/lifestyle/travel/my-kind-of-place-yerevan-has-thrived-through-conquest-1.355086|archive-date=3 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[[Radisson Blu Hotel, Yerevan]]. {{cite web|title=Radisson Blu Hotel, Yerevan|url=https://www.radissonblu.com/en/hotel-yerevan|website=radissonblu.com|quote=Our magnificent hilltop setting provides beautiful views of Yerevan city center against the backdrop of Mount Ararat...|access-date=2018-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072556/https://www.radissonblu.com/en/hotel-yerevan|archive-date=2018-01-03|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[[Ani Plaza Hotel]]. {{cite web|title=Ani Plaza: Hotel in Yerevan, Armenia|url=http://anihotel.com/|website=anihotel.com|quote=The guest rooms offer a spectacular view over the city: one can admire the famous Mount Ararat – the symbol of Armenia...|access-date=2018-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072758/http://anihotel.com/|archive-date=2018-01-03|url-status=live}}</ref>

===In visual art===
;Armenian
According to a 1963 source, the first Armenian artist to depict the mountain was [[Ivan Aivazovsky]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarkssian|first=M. S.|title=Հովհաննես Այվազովսկին և հայ մշակույթը [Hovhannes Ayvazovsky and Armenian Culture]|journal=[[Patma-Banasirakan Handes]]|volume=4|year=1963|issue=4|pages=25–38|url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/551/|language=hy|quote=Դեռևս 1860–ակա ն թթ. Անդրկովկասում կատարած ճանապարհորդության ժամանակ և դրանից հետո Այվազովսկին նկարում է Արարատի և Սևանի գեղատեսիլ բնության պատկերներ։ Մինչ այդ հայ նկարիչներից ոչ ոք չէր տվել Արարատը և Արարատյան դաշտը պատկերող կտավներ։|access-date=2015-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104021/http://hpj.asj-oa.am/551/|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=live}}</ref> who created a painting of Ararat during his visit to Armenia in 1868.<ref>{{cite web|last=Khachatrian|first=Shahen|title="Поэт моря" ["The Sea Poet"]|url=http://www.smr.ru/centre/win/artists/aivaz/biogr_aivaz.htm|publisher=Center of Spiritual Culture, [[:ru:Самарский государственный аэрокосмический университет|Leading and National Research Samara State Aerospace University]]|author-link=Shahen Khachatrian|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319042232/http://www.smr.ru/centre/win/artists/aivaz/biogr_aivaz.htm|archive-date=19 March 2014}}</ref> However, a late 17th century map by [[:tr:Eremya Çelebi|Eremya Çelebi]], an Ottoman Armenian, depicting Ararat was later discovered.<ref name="Eremia"/> Other major Armenians artists who painted Ararat include [[Yeghishe Tadevosyan]], [[Gevorg Bashinjaghian]], [[Martiros Saryan]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Martiros Sarian (1880–1972) View of Mount Ararat from Yerevan|url=http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/paintings/martiros-sarian-view-of-mount-ararat-from-5684217-details.aspx|publisher=[[Christie's]]|date=3 June 2013|access-date=23 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124143551/http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/paintings/martiros-sarian-view-of-mount-ararat-from-5684217-details.aspx|archive-date=24 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Panos Terlemezian]].

<gallery mode="packed" heights="80px">
File:Chelebi Ararat.jpg|Ararat depicted vertically ''(right)'' on a [[:File:Mapasf.png|1691 map]] by [[:tr:Eremya Çelebi|Eremya Çelebi]] along with [[Etchmiadzin Cathedral]] and other churches of [[Vagharshapat]].<ref name="Eremia">{{cite book |last1=Goshgarian |first1=Rachel |editor1-last=Evans |editor1-first=Helen C. |editor1-link=Helen C. Evans |title=Armenia: Art, Religion, and Trade in the Middle Ages |date=2018 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] and [[Yale University Press]] |isbn=9781588396600 |oclc=1028910888 |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Armenia_Art_Religion_and_Trade_in_the_Middle_Ages |chapter=Armenian Global Connections in the Early Modern Period |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ezNtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA174 174] }}</ref>
File:Valley of Mount Ararat by Ivan Aivazovsky (1882).jpg|[[Ivan Aivazovsky]], ''Valley of Mount Ararat'', 1882
File:Y. Tadevosyan. Mounth Ararat from Ejmiadzin.jpg|[[Yeghishe Tadevosyan]], ''Ararat from Ejmiatsin'', 1895
File:Bashindzhagian ararat.jpg|[[Gevorg Bashinjaghian]], 1912
File:Արարատը աշնանը (1929).jpg|[[Panos Terlemezian]], 1929
</gallery>

Ararat was depicted by non-Armenians, often in the books of European travelers in the 18th–19th centuries who visited Armenia.
<gallery mode="packed" heights="100px">
File:Tournefort Ararat from Ejmiatsin.png|[[Joseph Pitton de Tournefort]], 1718
File:Mikhail Ivanov — View of three churches against the backdrop of Mount Ararat in Armenia.jpg|A 1783 watercolor of the churches of Etchmiadzin with Ararat by [[Mikhail Matveevich Ivanov]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Иванов Михаил (1748-1823). Вид трёх церквей на фоне горы Арарат в Армении.1783 |url=https://my.tretyakov.ru/app/masterpiece/51632 |publisher=[[Tretyakov Gallery]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231213084134/https://my.tretyakov.ru/app/masterpiece/51632 |archive-date=13 December 2023 |language=ru }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Krylova |first1=Margarita |title=Creative Discoveries of the Russian Artist-travelers |url=https://www.tretyakovgallerymagazine.com/articles/2-2010-27/creative-discoveries-russian-artist-travelers |publisher=[[Tretyakov Gallery]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330171936/https://www.tretyakovgallerymagazine.com/articles/2-2010-27/creative-discoveries-russian-artist-travelers |archive-date=30 March 2023 |date=2010 }}</ref>{{efn|[[Ivan Aivazovsky]] subsequently offered [[:File:View of Echmiadzin in Armenia Mikhail Ivanov.jpg|his version]] based on Ivanov's original.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mitrevski |first1=George |title=Aivazovsky, I. K. View of Echmiadzin in Armenia. 1783 - 1823 |url=https://www.pelister.org/russian/art/targetArt.php?file=00237 |publisher=[[Auburn University]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231213083608/https://www.pelister.org/russian/art/targetArt.php?file=00237 |archive-date=13 December 2023 |access-date=15 December 2023 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>}}
File:"View of the Fortress of Erivan and Ararat" by Robert Ker Porter.png|[[Robert Ker Porter]], 1821
File:View of Ararat and the Monastery of Echmiadzin.png|"View of Ararat and the [[Etchmiadzin Cathedral|Monastery of Echmiadzin]]", from the 1846 English translation of [[Friedrich Parrot]]'s ''Journey to Ararat''
File:Siege of Erivan Fortress on 1 October 1827.jpg|1827 [[Capture of Erivan]] by Russia, [[Franz Roubaud]] (1893)
File:"Great and Little Ararat from the North-East" by James Bryce.png|[[James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce|James Bryce]], 1877
File:"Ararat from the lake at Edgmiatsin" Lynch.png|[[H. F. B. Lynch]], 1901
File:Snow-capped mountains by Kengerli (1916).jpg|[[Bahruz Kangarli]] (1916)
</gallery>

===In literature===
[[Rouben Paul Adalian]] suggested that "there is probably more poetry written about Mount Ararat than any other mountain on earth".<ref name="Adalian"/> Travel writer Rick Antonson described Ararat as the "most fabled mountain in the world".{{sfn|Antonson|2016}}

====Armenian====
[[File:St Vartan New York door Ararat.jpg|thumb|upright|Ararat depicted on the wooden door of [[St. Vartan Armenian Cathedral]] in New York City.]]
[[File:Paintings of My Ararat at the Yerevan Vernissage2.jpg|thumb|Paintings of Mount Ararat for sale at the [[Yerevan Vernissage]].]]

Mount Ararat is featured prominently in Armenian literature. According to Meliné Karakashian, Armenian poets "attribute to it symbolic meanings of unity, freedom, and independence".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Karakashian|first1=Meliné|title=Armenia: A Country's History of Challenges|journal=[[Journal of Social Issues]]|date=1998|volume=54|issue=2|pages=381–392|doi=10.1111/j.1540-4560.1998.tb01225.x}}</ref> According to Kevork Bardakjian, in Armenian literature, Ararat "epitomizes Armenia and Armenian suffering and aspirations, especially the consequences of the 1915 genocide: almost total annihilation, loss of a unique culture and land [...] and an implicit determination never to recognize the new political borders".<ref name="Bardakjian">{{cite book|editor-last=Bardakjian|editor-first=Kevork B.|title=A Reference Guide to Modern Armenian Literature, 1500–1920: With an Introductory History|contribution=Hovhannes Širaz|date=2000|publisher=Wayne State University Press|isbn=978-0814327470|page=227|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bR7hMqV3Ij0C&pg=PA227|access-date=2016-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128072237/https://books.google.com/books?id=bR7hMqV3Ij0C&pg=PA227|archive-date=2019-01-28|url-status=live}}</ref>

The last two lines of [[Yeghishe Charents]]'s 1920 poem "I Love My Armenia" ([[:hy:s:Ես իմ անուշ Հայաստանի|Ես իմ անուշ Հայաստանի]]) read: "And in the entire world you will not find a mountaintop like Ararat's. / Like an unreachable peak of glory I love my Mount Masis."<ref>{{cite journal|title=I Love My Armenia by Yeghishe Charents|journal=[[Ararat Quarterly|Ararat]]|date=1960|volume=15|page=46}}</ref> In a 1926<ref>{{cite news|last=Ter-Khachatryan |first=Yervand |title=Բանաստեղծը Ռավեննայում |url=http://www.azg.am/AM/culture/2014121201 |work=[[Azg (daily)|Azg]] |date=11 December 2014 |language=hy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411092550/http://www.azg.am/AM/culture/2014121201 |archive-date=April 11, 2016 }}</ref> poem dedicated to the mountain [[Avetik Isahakyan]] wrote: "Ages as though in second came, / Touched the grey crest of Ararat, / And passed by...! [...] It's now your turn; you too, now, / Stare at its high and lordly brow, / And pass by...!"<ref>{{cite book|last=Chrysanthopoulos|first=Leonidas|title=Caucasus Chronicles: Nation-building and Diplomacy in Armenia, 1993–1994|date=2002|publisher=Gomidas Institute|isbn=978-1-884630-05-7|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=cELfINDAH0oC&pg=PA21 21]}}</ref>

Ararat is the most frequently cited symbol in the poetry of [[Hovhannes Shiraz]].<ref name="Bardakjian"/> In collection of poems, ''Knar Hayastani'' (Lyre of Armenia) published in 1958, there are many poems "with very strong nationalist overtones, especially with respect to Mount Ararat (in Turkey) and the irredentism it entailed". In one such poem, "Ktak" (Bequest), Shiraz bequeaths his son Mt. Ararat to "keep it forever, / As the language of us Armenians, as the pillar of your father's home".{{sfn|Panossian|2006|p=335}} A group of four Armenians buried Shiraz's heart at the summit of Ararat in 2006.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shakhramanyan |first1=Yana |title=Նրանք ամփոփել են Շիրազի սիրտն Արարատի գագաթին |url=https://mediamax.am/am/news/special-report/49279/ |work=mediamax.am |date=November 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205072501/https://mediamax.am/am/news/special-report/49279/ |archive-date=5 February 2023 |language=hy}}</ref>

The first lines of [[Paruyr Sevak]]'s 1961 poem "We Are Few..." ([[:hy:s:Քիչ ենք, բայց հայ ենք|Քիչ ենք, բայց հայ ենք]]) read: "We are few, but they say of us we are Armenians. / We do not think ourselves superior to anyone. / Clearly we shall have to accept / That we, and only we, have an Ararat".<ref>{{cite journal|title=We Are Few... by Barouyr Sevak|journal=[[Ararat Quarterly|Ararat]]|date=1978|volume=21–22|page=5}}</ref> In one short poem [[Silva Kaputikyan]] compares Armenia to an "ancient rock-carved fortress", the towers of which are Ararat and [[Mount Aragats|Aragats]].

====Non-Armenian====
English Romantic poet [[William Wordsworth]] imagines seeing the ark in the poem "Sky-prospect — From the Plain of France".<ref>{{cite book|last=Jeffrey|first=David L.|title=A Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature|date=1992|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=9780802836342|page=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofbibl0000unse/page/287 287]|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofbibl0000unse/page/287}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Wordsworth|first1=William|author-link1=William Wordsworth|title=The Sonnets of William Wordsworth: Collected in One Volume, with a Few Additional Ones, Now First Published|date=1838|publisher=E. Moxon|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0FkJAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA209 209]}}</ref>

In his ''[[A Journey to Arzrum|Journey to Arzrum]]'' ([[:ru:s:Путешествие в Арзрум во время похода 1829 года (Пушкин)|Путешествие в Арзрум]]; 1835–36), the celebrated Russian poet [[Alexander Pushkin|Aleksandr Pushkin]] recounted his travels to the [[Caucasus]] and Armenia at the time of the [[Russo-Turkish War (1828–29)|1828–29 Russo-Turkish War]].
{{Quote frame |I went out of the tent into the fresh morning air. The sun was rising. Against the clear sky one could see a white-snowcapped, twin-peaked mountain. 'What mountain is that?' I asked, stretching myself, and heard the answer: 'That's Ararat.' What a powerful effect a few syllables can have! Avidly I looked at the Biblical mountain, saw the ark moored to its peak with the hope of regeneration and life, saw both the raven and dove, flying forth, the symbols of punishment and reconciliation...<ref>{{cite book|first=Aleksandr|last=Pushkin|author-link=Alexander Pushkin|translator=Birgitta Ingemanson|title=A Journey to Arzrum|location=Ann Arbor|publisher=Ardis|year=1974|isbn=978-0882330679|page=[https://archive.org/details/journeytoarzrum0000push/page/50 50]|url=https://archive.org/details/journeytoarzrum0000push/page/50}}</ref> }}

[[Russian symbolism|Russian Symbolist]] poet [[Valery Bryusov]] often referred to Ararat in his poetry and dedicated two poems to the mountain,{{efn|"К Арарату" ("To Ararat") and "Арарат из Эривани" ("Ararat from Erivan")}} which were published in 1917. Bryusov saw Ararat as the embodiment of antiquity of the Armenian people and their culture.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dmitriev|first=Vladimir Alekseevich|editor-last=Bogush|editor-first=V. A.|title=Первая мировая война в исторических судьбах Европы : сб. материалов Междунар. науч. конф., г. Вилейка, 18 окт. 2014 г.|date=2014|publisher=[[Belarusian State University]]|location=Minsk|page=404|chapter-url=http://www.hist.bsu.by/images/stories/files/nauka/konf/1ww/Dmitriev.pdf|language=ru|chapter=Древнеармянские сюжеты в творчестве В.Я. Брюсова: к вопросу о влиянии событий Первой мировой войны на русскую литературу начала XX в.|quote=Для В. Брюсова Арарат — это прежде всего символ, олицетворяющий древность армянского народа и его культуры...}}</ref>

Russian poet [[Osip Mandelstam]] wrote fondly of Ararat during his 1933 travels in Armenia. "I have cultivated in myself a sixth sense, an 'Ararat' sense", the poet wrote, "the sense of an attraction to a mountain."<ref>{{cite book|last=Mandelstam|first=Osip|author-link=Osip Mandelstam|translator=Sidney Monas|title=A Journey to Armenia|year=2011|location=London|publisher=Notting Hill Editions|isbn=9781907903472|page=91}}</ref>

During his travels to Armenia, Soviet Russian writer [[Vasily Grossman]] observed Mount Ararat from Yerevan standing "high in the blue sky". He wrote that "with its gentle, tender contours, it seems to grow not out of the earth but out of the sky, as if it has condensed from its white clouds and its deep blue. It is this snowy mountain, this bluish-white sunlit mountain that shone in the eyes of those who wrote the Bible."<ref>{{cite book|last=Grossman|first=Vasily|author-link=Vasily Grossman|translator=Robert Chandler|translator2=Elizabeth Chandler|others=Introduction by Robert Chandler and Yury Bit-Yunan|title=An Armenian Sketchbook|year=2013|location=New York|publisher=[[New York Review Books]]|isbn=9781590176184|page=24}}</ref>

In ''The Maximus Poems'' (1953) American poet [[Charles Olson]], who grew up near the Armenian neighborhood in [[Worcester, Massachusetts]], compares the Ararat Hill near his childhood home to the mountain and "imagines he can capture an Armenian's immigrant perspective: the view of Ararat Hill as Mount Ararat".<ref>{{cite book|last=Siraganian|first=Lisa|title=Modernism's Other Work: The Art Object's Political Life|date=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-979655-7|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=2SYokPsnTRsC&pg=PA156 156]}}</ref>

The world renowned Turkish-Kurdish writer [[Yaşar Kemal]]'s 1970 book entitled ''[[Ağrı Dağı Efsanesi]]'' (''The Legend of Mount Ararat'') is about a local myth about a poor boy and the governor's daughter. There is also an [[Ağrı Dağı Efsanesi|opera]] (1971) and a film (1975) based on that novel.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0279633/ | title=Agri Dagi Efsanesi (1975) ⭐ 6.0 | Drama | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref>

In the 1984 science fiction novel ''Orion'' by [[Ben Bova]], part three entitled “Flood” is set at an unspecified valley at the foot of Mount Ararat. The antagonist, Ahriman, floods the valley by melting the snow caps of the mountain in a bid to stop the invention of agriculture by a band of [[Epipalaeolithic]] hunter-gatherers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bova |first=Ben |title=Orion |publisher=Tor Books |year=1984 |isbn=9780812532470}}</ref>

Several major episodes in ''[[Declare]]'' (2001) by [[Tim Powers]] take place on Mount Ararat. In the book, it is the focal point of supernatural happenings.

===In popular culture===
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 200
| image1 = Arc-tcharents.JPG
| image2 = Mount Ararat from Charents' Arch 1.jpg
| caption2 = The [[Arch of Charents]], in [[Voghjaberd]], is an iconic site offering a panoramic view of the mountain. It was designed by [[Rafayel Israyelian]] and built in 1957.<ref name="Babayan">{{cite book |last1=Babayan |first1=L. |title=[[Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia]] Volume 4 |date=1978 |pages=[https://hy.wikisource.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BB:%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_(Soviet_Armenian_Encyclopedia)_4.djvu/419 419]-[https://hy.wikisource.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BB:%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_(Soviet_Armenian_Encyclopedia)_4.djvu/420 420] |language=hy |chapter=Իսրայելյան Ռաֆայել [Israyelian Rafayel]}}</ref>
}}

;In music
* "Holy Mountains", the 8th track of the album ''[[Hypnotize (album)|Hypnotize]]'' (2005) by [[System of a Down]], an American rock band composed of four Armenian Americans, "references Mount Ararat [...] and details that the souls lost to the Armenian Genocide have returned to rest here".<ref>{{cite web|title=System of a Down – Holy Mountains Lyrics|url=https://genius.com/System-of-a-down-holy-mountains-lyrics|website=[[Genius (website)|genius.com]]|access-date=2017-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106185248/https://genius.com/System-of-a-down-holy-mountains-lyrics|archive-date=2018-11-06|url-status=live}}</ref>
* "Here's to You Ararat" is a song from the 2006 album ''How Much is Yours'' of [[Arto Tunçboyacıyan]]'s Armenian Navy Band.<ref>{{cite web|title=Arto Tuncboyaciyan – Ararat| date=6 October 2008 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DjD4uctOx1c|publisher=Sharm Holding production|access-date=2016-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714125937/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DjD4uctOx1c|archive-date=2014-07-14|url-status=live}}</ref>

;In film
* The 2002 film ''[[Ararat (film)|Ararat]]'' by Armenian-[[Canadians|Canadian]] filmmaker [[Atom Egoyan]] features Mount Ararat prominently in its symbolism.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hogikyan|first1=Nellie|editor1-last=Burwell|editor1-first=Jennifer|editor2-last=Tschofen|editor2-first=Monique|title=Image and Territory: Essays on Atom Egoyan|date=2007|publisher=Wilfrid Laurier University Press|isbn=978-0-88920-487-4|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=o7qfCxX_whgC&pg=PA202 202]|chapter=Atom Egoyan's Post-exilic Imaginary: Representing Homeland, Imagining Family}}</ref>
* The 2011 documentary film ''[[Journey to Ararat]]'' on Parrot and Abovian's expedition to Ararat was produced in Estonia by filmmaker [[Riho Västrik]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.looduskalender.ee/en/node/11879|title=Nights are long and dark|work=Looduskalender.ee|date=29 March 2014|access-date=11 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011233130/http://www.looduskalender.ee/en/node/11879|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ter-Sahakian|first=Karine|url=http://www.panarmenian.net/eng/details/177415/|title=Armenian community of Estonia: A look into the future|work=[[PanARMENIAN.Net]]|date=29 March 2014|access-date=11 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012043647/http://www.panarmenian.net/eng/details/177415/|archive-date=12 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> It was screened at the [[Yerevan International Film Festival|Golden Apricot International Film Festival]] in [[Yerevan]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title='Journey to Ararat' Documentary Film|url=http://www.gaiff.am/en/1372752465|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130706103230/http://www.gaiff.am/en/1372752465|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-07-06|work=[[Yerevan International Film Festival|Golden Apricot International Film Festival]]|date=July 2013}}</ref>

;In commercials
* In one of [[Turkish Airlines]] commercials (2014), András Földvári, then head of marketing in Turkish Airlines' Hungary Office, flew from [[Budapest]] to [[Iğdır]] to explore the mountain and [[Noah's Ark]].<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ov7T0ktWy_k/ "Andras Foldvari - A Wanderer Devoted to Exploring New Worlds | #DelightfulStories - Turkish Airlines", YouTube]</ref><ref>[https://vimeo.com/110008000 "Iğdır: The 500th Airport"]</ref>
;Miniature wargaming
* In the lore of ''[[Warhammer 40,000]]'', Ararat is the site of the destruction of the Thunder Warriors.

==Places named for Ararat==
;In Armenia
*In Armenia, four settlements are named after the mountain's two names: Ararat and Masis. All are located in the [[Ararat Plain]]. First, the village of Davalu was renamed [[Ararat (village), Armenia|Ararat]] in 1935, followed by Tokhanshalu being renamed [[Masis (village)|Masis]] in 1945, and the workers town of Davalu's nearby cement factory also being renamed [[Ararat, Armenia|Ararat]] in 1947 (granted a city status in 1962). The [[railway town]] of Ulukhanlu was renamed Masis in 1950, while the former village/town of Ulukhanlu, renamed Hrazdan and then Masis in 1969. The two merged to form the [[urban-type settlement]] of [[Masis, Armenia|Masis]], the current town, in 1971.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hakobian |first1=T. Kh. |last2=Melik-Bakhshian |first2=St. T. |last3=Barseghian |first3=H. Kh. |authorlink1=Tadevos Hakobyan |authorlink2=:hy:Ստեփան Մելիք-Բախշյան |authorlink3=:hy:Հովհաննես Բարսեղյան |title=Հայաստանի և հարակից շրջանների տեղանունների բառարան [Dictionary of Toponyms of Armenia and Surrounding Regions] |date=1988 |publisher=Yerevan University Press }} ''Vol. I'', pp. [http://www.nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=61&dt=HY_HY&query=%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF 395]-[http://www.nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=61&dt=HY_HY&pageNumber=428 396]; ''Vol. III'', pp. [http://www.nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=61&dt=HY_HY&query=%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD 702]-[http://www.nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=61&dt=HY_HY&query=%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%AB+%D5%B7%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6 703]</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ghukasian |first1=B. |title=[[Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia]] |date=1981 |page=[https://hy.wikisource.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BB:%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_(Soviet_Armenian_Encyclopedia)_7.djvu/268 268] |language=hy |chapter=Մասիս [Masis]}}</ref>
*In the Soviet and early post-Soviet period there were administrative divisions (''shrjan'' or ''[[Raion#Raions in the Soviet Union|raion]]'') called Ararat ([[Vedi]] until 1968) and Masis, formed in 1930 and 1968, respectively. They became a part of the [[Ararat Province|province (''marz'') of Ararat]] in the 1995.<ref>{{cite web |title=Հայաստանի Հանրապետության վարչատարածքային բաժանման մասին օրենք[Republic of Armenia Law on Administrative-Territorial Division] |url=http://www.parliament.am/legislation.php?sel=show&ID=2243&lang=arm |website=parliament.am |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726072914/http://www.parliament.am/legislation.php?sel=show&ID=2243&lang=arm |archive-date=26 July 2022 |language=hy |date=7 November 1995 |quote=Արարատի մարզն ընդգրկում է Արարատի, Արտաշատի եւ Մաuիuի նախկին վարչական շրջանների տարածքները:}}</ref>
*The name is also used in two dioceses of the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]]: the [[Araratian Pontifical Diocese]] and the Diocese of Masyatsotn, encompassing capital Yerevan and the [[Ararat province]], respectively.<ref>{{cite web |title=Արարատյան Հայրապետական Թեմ [Araratian Pontifical Diocese] |url=http://www.armenianreligion-am.armin.am/am/Encyclopedia_of_armenian_religion_Araratyan_Hayrapetakan_tem |publisher=Institute for Armenian Studies of [[Yerevan State University]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022141446/http://www.armenianreligion-am.armin.am/am/Encyclopedia_of_armenian_religion_Araratyan_Hayrapetakan_tem |archive-date=22 October 2022 |language=hy  }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Հայրապետական սրբատառ կոնդակով հիմնվեց Մասյացոտնի թեմը [The diocese of Masyatsotn was founded with the patriarchal canon] |url=https://hetq.am/hy/article/126165 |work=[[Hetq]] |date=11 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022141619/https://hetq.am/hy/article/126165 |archive-date=22 October 2022 |language=hy }}</ref>

;Elsewhere
*The Turkish [[Ağrı Province|province of Ağrı]] was named after the Turkish name of the mountain in 1927, while the provincial capital city of Karaköse was renamed to [[Ağrı]] in 1946.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nişanyan|first1=Sevan|author-link1=Sevan Nişanyan|title=Ağrı il – Merkez – Ağrı|url=https://nisanyanyeradlari.com/?yer=36467&haritasi=a%C4%9Fr%C4%B1|website=Index Anatolicus|language=tr|date=2010|access-date=7 December 2023}}</ref>
*In the United States, a [[Ararat River|river]] in Virginia and North Carolina was named Ararat after the mountain no later than 1770. An [[Ararat, North Carolina|unincorporated community]] in North Carolina was later named after the river.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Powell |first1=William S. |last2=Hill |first2=Michael |title=The North Carolina Gazetteer, 2nd Ed: A Dictionary of Tar Heel Places and Their History |date=2010 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |isbn=9780807898291 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=KFvqCQAAQBAJ&dq=Ararat+North+Carolina+biblical&pg=PA13 13]}}</ref> A [[Ararat Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania|township]] (formed in 1852)<ref>{{cite web|title=Township Incorporations, 1790 to 1853|url=http://www.susqcohistsoc.org/incorp.htm|publisher=Susquehanna County Historical Society|accessdate=12 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623133749/http://www.susqcohistsoc.org/incorp.htm|archivedate=June 23, 2015 }}</ref> and a [[Mount Ararat (Pennsylvania)|mountain]] in Pennsylvania are called Ararat.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Blackman |first1=Emily C. |author-link1=Emily C. Blackman |title=History of Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania |date=1873 |publisher=Claxton, Remsen, & Haffelfinger |location=Philadelphia |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofsusqueh00blac/page/474  474] |quote=...the locality he selected did not belie in natural features its namesake of Noah's time.}}</ref>
*In the Australian state of [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], a [[Ararat, Victoria|city]] was named Ararat in 1840. Its local government area is also called [[Rural City of Ararat|Ararat]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Municipality of Ararat, Victoria |url=https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/articles/2243 |publisher=[[Museums Victoria]]  |access-date=2018-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831002616/https://collections.museumvictoria.com.au/articles/2243 |archive-date=2018-08-31 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Molony |first1=John |author-link1=John Molony |title=The Native-born: The First White Australians |date=2000 |publisher=Melbourne University Publish |isbn=9780522849035 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=d5ZYuHbwP0EC&dq=like+the+Ark+we+rested+victoria&pg=PA138 138]}}</ref>
*[[96205 Ararat]] is an [[asteroid]] [[Meanings of asteroid names|named in the mountain's honor]]. It was discovered in 1992 by [[Freimut Börngen]] and [[Lutz D. Schmadel]] at [[Karl Schwarzschild Observatory|Tautenburg Observatory]] in Germany. The name was proposed by Börngen.<ref>{{cite web |title=96205 Ararat (1992 ST16) |url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=96205#content |website=ssd.jpl.nasa.gov |publisher=[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] ([[NASA]]) |access-date=2018-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611085432/http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=96205#content |archive-date=2011-06-11 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===States===
*Besides Ararat being the Hebrew version of [[Urartu]],{{sfn|Arnold|2008|p=104}} this Iron Age state is often referred to as the "Araratian Kingdom" or the "Kingdom of Ararat" ({{Lang-hy|Արարատյան թագավորություն}}, ''Arartyan t'agavorut'yun'') in Armenian historiography.<ref>{{cite web |title=Erebuni Museum |url=http://www.armenianheritage.org/en/monument/Erebunimuseum/282 |website=armenianheritage.org |publisher=Armenia Monuments Awareness Project |quote=...Urartu, mentioned in Armenian written records as the Land of Arartu or Araratian Kingdom (the Kingdom of Ararat).... |access-date=2018-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904230016/http://www.armenianheritage.org/en/monument/Erebunimuseum/282 |archive-date=2018-09-04 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> [[Levon Abrahamian]] argues that this name gives it a "biblical and an Armenian touch."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Abrahamian |first1=Levon |authorlink=Levon Abrahamian|title=Armenian Identity in a Changing World |date=2006 |publisher=Mazda Publishers |isbn=9781568591858 |page=11}}</ref>
*The [[First Republic of Armenia]], the first modern Armenian state that existed between 1918 and 1920, was sometimes called the Araratian Republic or the Republic of Ararat ({{lang-hy|Արարատյան Հանրապետություն}}, ''Araratyan hanrapetut'yun'')<ref>{{cite news |title=Անդրանիկ. "Իմ զինվորն անզեն ու անձայն վկա չի դառնա" |url=https://republic.mediamax.am/story/35/ |work=mediamax.am |date=13 July 2018 |language=hy  |access-date=4 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904230051/https://republic.mediamax.am/story/35/ |archive-date=4 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mkhitaryan |first1=Lusine |title=Անկախ Հայաստանի անդրանիկ տոնը |url=http://www.hhpress.am/?sub=hodv&hodv=20180525_1&flag=am |work=[[Hayastani Hanrapetutyun]] |date=25 May 2018 |language=hy |access-date=4 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905023001/http://www.hhpress.am/?sub=hodv&hodv=20180525_1&flag=am |archive-date=5 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> as it was centered in the [[Ararat plain]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Hovannisian|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Hovannisian|title=The Republic of Armenia: The first year, 1918–1919|url=https://archive.org/details/republicofarmeni0000hova|url-access=registration|date=1971|publisher=University of California Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/republicofarmeni0000hova/page/259 259]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Aftandilian|first=Gregory L.|title=Armenia, vision of a republic: the independence lobby in America, 1918–1927|date=1981|publisher=Charles River Books|page=25}}</ref>
*In 1927 the Kurdish nationalist party [[Xoybûn]] led by [[Ihsan Nuri]], fighting an [[Ararat rebellion|uprising]] against the Turkish government, declared the independence of the [[Republic of Ararat]] ({{lang-ku|Komara Agiriyê}}), centered around Mount Ararat.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gunter |first1=Michael M. |author-link1=Michael M. Gunter |title=The A to Z of the Kurds |date=2009 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=9780810863347 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=pHB5F_Y02_gC&dq=1927+uprising+ararat+republic&pg=PA9 9]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Vali |first1=Abbas |title=Essays on the origins of Kurdish nationalism |date=2003 |publisher=Mazda Publishers |isbn=9781568591421 |page=199}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="125px">
File:Ağrı Dağında Kış.jpg|Winter in Mount Ararat.
File:Mount Ararat, Two volcanic cones, Ararat Plain, Armenia.jpg|Mount Ararat and Armenia-Turkey border early in the morning.
File:Aras River, Turkey-Armenia-Iran Border Region.JPG|Seen from the [[International Space Station]], 8 July 2011
File:NEO ararat big.jpg|From the [[Space Shuttle]], 18 March 2001
File:MontArarat.jpg
File:Monasterio Khor Virap, Armenia, 2016-10-01, DD 05.jpg|View of Ararat from [[Khor Virap]], Armenia
File:Kohrvirab.jpg|View of Ararat with the [[Khor Virap]] in the front, Armenia
File:MountArarat.jpg|View of Ararat from [[Iğdır]], Turkey
File:Ağrı Dağı - Doğubeyazıt, Ağrı.jpg|From Doğubeyazıt
File:Büyük ve Küçük Ağrı Dağı.jpg|From Nakhchivan
File:Raffi kojian-ararat-123321945.jpg|Mt. Ararat from airplane
</gallery>

==See also==
*Mount [[Alvand]]
*[[Mount Erciyes]]
*[[Mount Elbrus]]
*[[Mount Judi]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist
|refs =
<ref name="Adalian">{{cite book |last = Adalian |first = Rouben Paul |title = Historical Dictionary of Armenia |year = 2010 |publisher = Scarecrow Press |location = Lanham, Maryland |isbn = 978-0-8108-7450-3 |author-link = Rouben Paul Adalian |page =[https://books.google.com/books?id=QS-vSjHObOYC&pg=PA85 85] }}</ref>

<ref name="iranicaonline">{{cite web |last = de Planhol |first = X. |title = Ararat |url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ararat-mount-pers |website =[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] |year = 1986 |access-date = 2015-11-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151102042503/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ararat-mount-pers |archive-date = 2015-11-02 |url-status = live }}</ref>

<ref name="Worldwide Destinations">{{cite book |last1=Boniface |first1=Brian |last2=Cooper |first2=Chris |last3=Cooper |first3=Robyn |title = Worldwide Destinations: The Geography of Travel and Tourism |year=2012 |publisher = Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-415-52277-9 |page=338 |edition=6th |quote = The snow-capped peak of Ararat is a holy mountain and national symbol for Armenians, dominating the horizon in the capital, Erevan, yet it is virtually inaccessible as it lies across the border in Turkey.}}</ref>

<ref name="Fischer">{{cite book |first = Richard James |last = Fischer |title = Historical Genesis: From Adam to Abraham |contribution = Mount Ararat |year=2007 |publisher = University Press of America |isbn=9780761838074 |pages=109–111 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4qX0bQs0eEYC&pg=PA109 |access-date=2016-11-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190128072142/https://books.google.com/books?id=4qX0bQs0eEYC&pg=PA109 |archive-date=2019-01-28 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="Arm stamp">{{cite news |last = Healey |first = Barth |title = STAMPS; For Armenia, Rainbows And Eagles in Flight |url = https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/23/style/stamps-for-armenia-rainbows-and-eagles-in-flight.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=23 August 1992 |access-date=11 February 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160805215812/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/23/style/stamps-for-armenia-rainbows-and-eagles-in-flight.html |archive-date = 5 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="William of Rubruck">{{cite book |author = William of Rubruck |author-link = William of Rubruck |translator = W. W. Rockhill |translator-link = William Woodville Rockhill |title = The Journey of William of Rubruck to the Eastern Parts of the World, 1253–55 |year=1998 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |location = New Delhi |isbn=978-81-206-1338-6 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ELmBrO-ipYIC&pg=PA271 269–270] |quote = [...] mountains in which they say that Noah's ark rests; and there are two mountains, the one greater than the other; and the Araxes flows at their base [...] Many have tried to climb it, but none has been able. [...] An old man gave me quite a good reason why one ought not to try to climb it. They call the mountain Massis [...] "No one," he said, "ought to climb up Massis; it is the mother of the world."}}</ref>

<ref name="SiebertOther2010a">Siebert, L., T. Simkin, and P. Kimberly (2010) ''Volcanoes of the world, 3rd ed.'' University of California Press, Berkeley, California. 551 pp. {{ISBN|978-0-520-26877-7}}.</ref>

<ref name="KarakhanianOther2004a">{{cite journal |last1=Karakhanian|first1=A.S. |last2=Trifonov|first2=V.G. |last3=Philip|first3=H. |last4=Avagyan|first4=A. |last5=Hessami|first5=K. |last6=Jamali|first6=F. |last7=Bayraktutan|first7=M. S. |last8=Bagdassarian|first8=H. |last9=Arakelian|first9=S. |last10=Davtian|first10=V. |last11=Adilkhanyan |first11=A. |title = Active faulting and natural hazards in Armenia, Eastern Turkey and North-Western Iran |journal=[[Tectonophysics (journal)|Tectonophysics]] |year=2004 |volume=380 |issue=3–4 |pages=189–219 |doi = 10.1016/j.tecto.2003.09.020 |bibcode=2004Tectp.380..189K }}</ref>

<ref name="АрутюнянOthers2005a">{{cite journal |last = Haroutiunian |first = R. A. |title = Катастрофическое извержение вулкана Арарат 2 июля 1840 года |trans-title = Catastrophic eruption of volcano Ararat on 2 july, 1840 |journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia: Earth Sciences |year=2005 |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=27–35 |url = http://earth.asj-oa.am/3202/ |language=ru |issn=0515-961X |access-date=2015-11-26 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151207231822/http://earth.asj-oa.am/3202/ |archive-date=2015-12-07 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="TaymazOther1991a">{{cite journal |last1=Taymaz |first1=Tuncay |last2=Eyidog̃an |first2=Haluk |last3=Jackson |first3=James |title = Source parameters of large earthquakes in the East Anatolian fault zone (Turkey) |journal=[[Geophysical Journal International]] |year=1991 |volume=106 |issue=3 |pages=537–550 |doi = 10.1111/j.1365-246x.1991.tb06328.x |bibcode=1991GeoJI.106..537T |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Shirinian">{{cite book |first=Lorne |last=Shirinian |year=1992 |title = The Republic of Armenia and the rethinking of the North-American Diaspora in literature |publisher=[[Edwin Mellen Press]] |location=[[Lewiston, New York]] |isbn=978-0773496132 |page=78 }}</ref>

<ref name="Balci">{{cite book |last = Balci |first = Bayram |editor1-last=Agadjanian |editor1-first=Alexander |editor2-last=Jödicke |editor2-first=Ansgar |editor3-last = van der Zweerde |editor3-first = Evert |title = Religion, Nation and Democracy in the South Caucasus |contribution = Between ambition and realism: Turkey's engagement in the South Caucasus |year=2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-69157-0 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=axTEBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA260 260] |quote = Armenia has not officially expressed territorial claims in respect of Turkey but the regular references to the genocide and to Mount Ararat, a national symbol for Armenians which is situated in contemporary Turkey, clearly indicates that the border with their eastern neighbour is contested.}}</ref>

<ref name="Peroomian">{{cite book |last=Peroomian |first=Rubina |editor-last=Hovannisian |editor-first=Richard |editor-link = Richard G. Hovannisian |title = The Armenian Genocide: Cultural and Ethical Legacies |year=2007 |publisher = Transaction Publishers |isbn=9781412835923 |page=113 |chapter = Historical Memory: Threading the Contemporary Literature of Armenia |quote = ...the majestic duo of Sis and Masis (the two peaks of Mount Ararat) that hover above the Erevan landscape are constant reminders of the historical injustice.}}</ref>

<ref name="Delitzsch">{{cite book |last = Delitzsch |first = Franz |author-link = Franz Delitzsch |title = New Commentary on Genesis |year=2001 |publisher = Wipf and Stock Publishers |page =[https://books.google.com/books?id=RrVKAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA274 274] |isbn = 978-1-57910-813-7 |quote = The Armenians call Little Ararat ''sis'' and Great Ararat ''masis'', whence it seems that great, the meaning of ''meds'', is contained in ''ma''.}}</ref>

<ref name="Fürst">[[Julius Fürst]] cited in {{cite book |last1=Exell |first1=Joseph |last2=Jones |first2=William |last3=Barlow |first3=George |last4=Scott |first4 = W. Frank |display-authors=etal |year=1892 |title = The Preacher's Complete Homiletical Commentary }} "...the present Aghri Dagh or the great Ararat (Pers. Kuhi Nuch, i.e. Noah's mountain, in the classics ὁ ἄβος, Armen. massis)..." (Furst.) [https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/phc/genesis-8.html view online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812060822/https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/phc/genesis-8.html |date=2016-08-12 }}</ref>

<ref name="encyclopedia.am">{{cite web |title = Մասիսներ |trans-title = Masisner |url = http://www.encyclopedia.am/pages.php?bId=2&hId=525 |website = encyclopedia.am |language=hy |access-date=2016-06-13 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160816214258/http://www.encyclopedia.am/pages.php?bId=2&hId=525 |archive-date=2016-08-16 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="Hewsen">{{cite book |last = Hewsen |first = Robert H. |author-link = Robert H. Hewsen |title = Armenia: A Historical Atlas |publisher = University of Chicago Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-226-33228-4 |page=15 |contribution = Armenia: The Physical Setting—Mt. Ararat }}</ref>

<ref name="Lottman">{{cite news |last=Lottman |first = Herbert R. |author-link = Herbert Lottman |title = Despite Ages of Captivity, The Armenians Persevere |url = https://www.nytimes.com/1976/02/29/archives/despite-ages-of-captivity-the-armenians-persevere-armenia-a-hint-of.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date = 29 February 1976 |page=287 |access-date = 11 February 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160723004452/http://www.nytimes.com/1976/02/29/archives/despite-ages-of-captivity-the-armenians-persevere-armenia-a-hint-of.html |archive-date = 23 July 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="JewEnc">{{cite book |last1 = Jastrow |first1 = Morris Jr. |last2=Kent |first2 = Charles Foster |author1-link = Morris Jastrow Jr. |author2-link = Charles Foster Kent |title = Jewish Encyclopedia Volume II |contribution = Ararat |year = 1902 |publisher = Funk & Wagnalls Co. |location = New York, NY |page=[https://archive.org/stream/cu31924091768196#page/n109/mode/2up/search/ararat 73] |quote = The mountain itself is known as Ararat only among Occidental geographers. The Armenians call it Massis, the Turks Aghri Dagh, and the Persians Koh i Nuh, or "the mountain of Noah." |title-link = Jewish Encyclopedia }} [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/1711-ararat view online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125000323/http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/1711-ararat |date=2015-11-25 }}</ref>

<ref name="vos">{{cite book |first = Howard F. |last=Vos |editor-last=Bromiley |editor-first = Geoffrey W. |editor-link = Geoffrey W. Bromiley |title = [[International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]]: Volume Two: E-J |contribution = Flood (Genesis) |year=1982 |publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=978-0-8028-3782-0 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=yklDk6Vv0l4C&dq=ararat&pg=PA319 319] |edition = fully revised }}</ref>

<ref name="Duzer">{{cite book |last1=Van Duzer |first1=Chet |author1-link=Chet van Duzer |title=Martin Waldseemüller's 'Carta marina' of 1516: Study and Transcription of the Long Legends |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-030-22703-6 |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-22703-6 |pages=35–37|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-22703-6 }}</ref>

}}

=== Sources ===
==== General works cited in the article ====
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |title = History of the Armenians |first = Movses |last = Khorenatsi |author-link = Movses Khorenatsi |translator = Robert W. Thomson |translator-link = Robert W. Thomson |year=1978 |publisher = Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-39571-8 }}
* {{cite book |last=Panossian |first=Razmik |title = The Armenians: From Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars |year=2006 |publisher=Columbia University Press |location = New York, NY |isbn=9780231139267 |author-link = Razmik Panossian |url = https://archive.org/details/armeniansfromkin00razm }}
* {{cite book |last=Arnold |first = Bill T. |title = Genesis |year=2008 |publisher = Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-00067-3 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfstnHO_AmgC&pg=PA104 }}
* {{cite thesis |last = Adriaans |first = Rik |title = Sonorous Borders: National Cosmology & the Mediation of Collective Memory in Armenian Ethnopop Music |url = http://dare.uva.nl/cgi/arno/show.cgi?fid=224083 |institution =[[University of Amsterdam]] |pages=24–27 |degree = M.Sc. |year=2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305121009/http://dare.uva.nl/cgi/arno/show.cgi?fid=224083 |archive-date = 2016-03-05 }}
{{refend}}

==== Specific works on Ararat ====
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last = Parrot |first = Friedrich |author-link = Friedrich Parrot |translator = William Desborough Cooley |translator-link = William Desborough Cooley |others = Introduction by Pietro A. Shakarian |title = Journey to Ararat |year=2016 |orig-year=1846 |publisher = [[Gomidas Institute]] |location = London, England |isbn=978-1909382244 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Dwight |first=H.G.O. |author-link = Harrison Gray Otis Dwight |title = Armenian Traditions about Mt. Ararat |journal=[[Journal of the American Oriental Society]] |year=1856 |volume=5 |pages=189–191 |jstor=592222 |doi=10.2307/592222 }}
* {{cite book |last = Bryce |first = James |author-link = James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce |title = Transcaucasia and Ararat: Being Notes of a Vacation Tour in Autumn of 1876 |year = 1877 |publisher = Macmillan & Co. |location = London, England |url = https://archive.org/stream/transcaucasiaara00bryciala }}
* {{cite book |last = Murad |first = Friedrich |title = Ararat und Masis: Studien zur armenischen Altertumskunde und Litteratur |year = 1901 |publisher = [[:de:Universitätsverlag Winter|Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung]] |location = [[Heidelberg]] |url = https://archive.org/details/araratundmasiss00frigoog |language = de }}
* {{cite book |last = Novoseltsev |first = Anatoly |author-link = Anatoly Novoseltsev |title = Европа в древности и средневековье |trans-title = Europe in the antiquity and the Middle Ages |contribution = О местонахождении библейской "горы Арарат" (On the location of the biblical "mountains of Ararat") |year = 1978 |publisher = Nauka |location = Moscow |pages = 61–66 |url = http://annales.info/blacksea/ararat.rar.htm#_ftn1 |language = ru }}
* {{cite journal |last = Ketchian |first = Philip K. |title = Climbing Ararat: Then and Now |journal = [[The Armenian Weekly]] |volume = 71 |issue = 52 |date = 24 December 2005 |url = http://www.hairenik.com/armenianweekly/fea12240501.htm |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090908015245/http://www.hairenik.com/armenianweekly/fea12240501.htm |archive-date = 2009-09-08 }}
* {{cite book |last=Melkonyan |first=Ashot |author-link = :hy:Աշոտ Մելքոնյան (պատմաբան) |title = Արարատ. Հայոց անմահության խորհուրդը |trans-title = Ararat: Symbol of Armenian Immortality |year=2008 |publisher = Tigrant Mets Publishing |location = [[Yerevan]] |language=hy }}
* {{cite journal |last=Petrossyan |first=Sargis |title=Արարատյան լեռների հին անունների և անվանադիրների մասին |trans-title=About the Ancient Names and Eponyms of the Ararat Mountains |journal=[[Patma-Banasirakan Handes]] |volume=3 |year=2010 |issue=3 |pages=220–227 |url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/2877/ }}
* {{cite book |last=Antonson |first=Rick |title=Full Moon over Noah's Ark: An Odyssey to Mount Ararat and Beyond |url=http://skyhorsepublishing.com/titles/496-9781510705654-full-moon-over-noahs-ark |year=2016 |publisher=[[Skyhorse Publishing]] |isbn=9781510705678 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Petrosyan |first=Armen |title=Biblical Mt. Ararat: Two Identifications |journal=Comparative Mythology |year=2016 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=68–80 |url=http://compmyth.org/journal/index.php/cm/article/view/15 |issn=2409-9899 |access-date=2018-06-11 |archive-date=2019-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209191138/https://compmyth.org/journal/index.php/cm/article/view/15 |url-status=dead }}
{{refend}}

==== Books on Armenia with Ararat in their titles ====
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last = Gregory |first = S. M. |title = The land of Ararat: twelve discourses on Armenia, her history and her church |year=1920 |publisher=[[Chiswick Press]] |location = London, England |url = https://archive.org/details/landofararattwel00greguoft }}
* {{cite book |last = Elliott |first = Mabel Evelyn |others = Introduction by John H. Finley |title = Beginning Again at Ararat |year=1924 |publisher = Fleming H. Revell Company |location = New York, NY |url = https://archive.org/details/beginningagainat001962mbp }}
* {{cite book |last=Yeghenian |first = Aghavnie Y. |others = Introduction by Pietro A. Shakarian |title = The Red Flag at Ararat |year=2013 |orig-year=1932 |publisher = Sterndale Classics (Gomidas Institute) |location = London, England |isbn=978-1909382022 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Burney |first1=Charles |last2=Lang |first2=David Marshall |author1-link = Charles A. Burney |author2-link = David Marshall Lang |title = The Peoples of the Hills: Ancient Ararat and Caucasus |year=1971 |publisher=Praeger |location = New York, NY }}
* {{cite book |last = Arlen |first = Michael J. |author-link = Michael J. Arlen |title = Passage to Ararat |year=2006 |orig-year=1975 |publisher = Farrar, Straus & Giroux |location = New York, NY |isbn=978-0374530129 }}
* {{cite book |last=Suny |first=Ronald Grigor |author-link = Ronald Grigor Suny |title = Looking Toward Ararat: Armenia in Modern History |year=1993 |publisher = Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0253207739 |url = https://archive.org/details/lookingtowardara00rona }}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Walker |editor-first = Christopher J. |editor-link = Christopher J. Walker |title = Visions of Ararat: Writings on Armenia |year=1997 |publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]] |isbn=9781860641114 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Asher |first1=Armen |last2 = Minasian Asher |first2=Teryl |title = The Peoples of Ararat |year=2009 |publisher = BookSurge Publishing |isbn=978-1439225677 }}
* {{cite book |last=Golden |first=Christopher |author-link = Christopher Golden |title = Ararat |year=2017 |publisher = St. Martin's Press |isbn = 978-1250117052 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Mount Ararat}}
* {{EI2|last1=Streck|first1=M.|last2=Taeschner|first2=F.|title=Ag̲h̲ri̊̊ Dag̲h̲|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/aghri-dagh-SIM_0369?s.num=3&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=Igdir|volume=1}}
* {{cite gvp|name=Ararat|vn=213040|access-date=2021-06-25}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20021219165527/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=4996 NASA Earth Observatory page] (archived 19 December 2002)
*[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325952336 The Flora of Agri mountain (Ağrı Dağı'nın Florası)] (PDF)

{{Mountains of Turkey}}
{{Highest points of Asia}}
{{Highest points of Europe}}
{{Noah's Ark}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ararat, Mount}}
[[Category:Mount Ararat| ]]
[[Category:Mountains of Turkey]]
[[Category:Stratovolcanoes of Turkey]]
[[Category:Five-thousanders of the Armenian Highlands]]
[[Category:Armenian Highlands]]
[[Category:Highest points of countries]]
[[Category:Landforms of Iğdır Province]]
[[Category:Landforms of Ağrı Province]]
[[Category:Mythological mountains]]
[[Category:Sacred mountains]]
[[Category:National symbols of Armenia]]
[[Category:Important Bird Areas of Turkey]]

Zvartnots International Airport

2024-09-05T18:19:38Z

RaffiKojian: /* Traffic and statistics */ photo of view of Ararat from inside terminal

{{Short description|Airport near Yerevan, Armenia}}
{{Other uses|Zvartnots (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Zvartnots International Airport
| nativename-a = {{nobold|Զվարթնոց Միջազգային Oդանավակայան}}
| image = File:Zvartnots_International_Airport_logo.png
| image-width =
| image2 = Zvartnots airport.jpg
| image2-width = 250
| IATA = EVN
| ICAO = UDYZ
| type = International
| operator = Armenia International Airports CJSC
| city-served = [[Yerevan]]
| location = [[Yerevan]], Armenia
| hub = [[Air Dilijans]] [[Armenia Airways]] [[Armenian Airlines]] [[FlyOne Armenia]] [[Shirak Avia]]
| elevation-f = 2838
| elevation-m = 865
| opened = 1961
| coordinates = {{coord|40|08|50|N|044|23|45|E|region:AM_type:airport}}
| website = [https://www.zvartnots.aero/ www.zvartnots.aero]
| pushpin_map = Armenia#Europe#West Asia
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of airport in Armenia
| pushpin_label = EVN
| pushpin_label_position = right
| r1-number = 09/27
| r1-length-f = 12,631
| r1-length-m = 3,850
| r1-surface = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]/Concrete
| metric-rwy = Y
| stat1-header = Number of Passengers
| stat1-data = {{increase}} 5,330,308<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://hetq.am/hy/article/164838|title=«Զվարթնոցը» ուղեւորափոխադրման նոր ռեկորդ է սահմանել 2023-ին|website=Hetq.am|date=7 March 2024 }}</ref>
| stat-year = 2023
| stat2-header = Passenger change 22-23
| stat2-data = {{increase}} 46%
| footnotes = Source: Armenian [[Aeronautical Information Publication|AIP]] at [[European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation|EUROCONTROL]]<ref name="AIP">{{cite web|url=http://www.ead.eurocontrol.int/publicuser/protect/pu/main.jsp|title=EAD Basic - Login|access-date=7 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="Statistics">{{cite web|url=http://aviation.am/projects/p/statistics|title=Statistics|website=Civil Aviation Committee of Armenia|access-date=19 January 2021}}</ref>
}}
'''Zvartnots International Airport''' ({{lang-hy|Զվարթնոց միջազգային օդանավակայան|translit=Zvart'nots' mijazgayin ōdanavakayan}}) {{airport codes|EVN|UDYZ}} is located near [[Zvartnots, Armenia|Zvartnots]], {{convert|15|km|abbr=on}} west<ref name="AIP"/> of [[Yerevan]], the capital city of [[Armenia]]. It acts as the main [[international airport]] of Armenia and is Yerevan's main international transport hub. It is the busiest airport in the country.

==History==
The airport was opened in 1961,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zvartnots.aero/en/about-us|title=About us - Zvartnots|access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> and following a design competition held in 1970, M. Khachikyan, A. Tarkhanyan, S. Qalashyan, L. Cherkezyan, and M. Baghdasaryan won the right to design the first terminal building. The airport was renovated in the 1980s with the development of a new [[airport terminal|terminal]] area, in order to meet domestic traffic demands within the [[Soviet Union]].

When Armenia declared its independence from the Soviet Union in the 1990s, the growth of cargo shipments resulted in the construction of a new cargo terminal in 1998 that can handle about 100,000 tonnes of cargo annually.<ref name="aviation.am">{{cite web|url=http://www.aviation.am/index.php/en/activities/airports|title=Airports|author=administrator|access-date=7 June 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627140254/http://www.aviation.am/index.php/en/activities/airports|archive-date=27 June 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 2001, a 30-year concession agreement for the management of operations at the airport was signed with Armenia International Airports CJSC, owned by [[Argentina|Argentine]] company Corporación America, which is in turn owned by [[Armenian Argentine]] businessman [[Eduardo Eurnekian]]. As part of that agreement, Armenia International Airports CJSC renovated the runways, main taxiways, and ramps. In 2006, a new gate area and arrivals hall opened, followed by an overall improvement of the airport's fire services, including replacing the entire fire-fighting fleet with new vehicles. A new departures and arrivals terminal, car-parking facility with a capacity of 600 vehicles, and a government delegation terminal all opened in 2011. On 30 January 2013, Zvartnots airport was named "Best Airport In the [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]]" during the Emerging Markets Airports Award (EMAA) ceremonies held in [[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/143675/Armenias_Zvartnots_named_best_airport_in_CIS/|title=Armenia's Zvartnots named best airport in CIS|work=PanARMENIAN.Net|access-date=7 June 2015}}</ref>

In March 2024, Armenia officially expelled Russian border guards who had been stationed at the airport.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Leven |first1=Denis |title=Armenia moves to expel Russian border guards from Yerevan's airport |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/armenia-foreign-minister-ararat-mirzoyan-russia-border-guards-yerevan-zvartnots-airport/ |website=Politico.eu |date=12 March 2024}}</ref> Their withdrawal was completed on 31 July.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2024 |title=Russian soldiers depart Yerevan airport, ending 32-year presence |url=https://kyivindependent.com/russian-soldiers-depart-yerevan-airport-ending-32-year-presence/ |work=The Kyiv Independent}}</ref>

==Overview==
The airport is able to accept aircraft up to and including the [[Antonov An-225 Mriya|Antonov An-225]], [[Boeing 747-400]] and [[Airbus A380]].<ref name="aviation.am"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armats.com/arm/aviation/products/eAIP/graphics/UDYZ%20AD%202-2-1-13.pdf|title=Armats.am – Aerodrome ground Movement and Aircraft Parking Chart|website=Armats.com|access-date=6 January 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404051911/http://www.armats.com/arm/aviation/products/eAIP/graphics/UDYZ%20AD%202-2-1-13.pdf|archive-date=4 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zvartnots.aero/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510070648/http://www.aia-zvartnots.aero/|url-status=dead|title=Home - Zvartnots|archivedate=10 May 2008|website=zvartnots.aero}}</ref> Runway 09 is equipped with an [[Instrument landing system#ILS categories|ILS CAT II]], which enables aircraft operations in low [[Ceiling (aeronautics)|ceiling]] (30 meters) and visibility (350 metres).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armats.com/eng/activity/services/ta.htm|title=armats|access-date=7 June 2015}}</ref>

Zvartnots International Airport recently{{When|date=March 2024}} implemented a new [[flight information display system]] (FIDS), a new automated and [[Biometrics|biometric]]-identification system for baggage check-in and passenger control, as well as the installation of 150 surveillance cameras across airport premises.

The access to the boarding area is highly secured with three steps, a pre-control, a passport control, and X-ray control. The airport features a [[Dufry]] [[duty-free shop]] after security, as well as the Converse Bank business class lounge, with a view overlooking the gate area and apron. In addition, the airport features a [[HayPost]] office, a pharmacy, several dining options and cafes, a [[Europcar]], [[Veon Armenia CJSC|Beeline]], [[MTS (network provider)|VivaCell MTS]], [[Ardshinbank]], as well as, [[HSBC]], [[VTB Bank]], and [[Ameriabank]] ATMs.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

In December 2019, yearly passenger flow at Zvartnots International Airport exceeded 3 million passengers for the first time in Armenia's history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1000488.html|title=Yerevan airport records 3,000,000 yearly passenger flow first time ever|website=Armenpress|access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref> In 2023, passenger flow at Zvartnots exceeded 5 million passengers for the first time.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://hetq.am/hy/article/164838?fbclid=IwAR2fSeQIqtd7-N0NXmOqBMdmVIkYoOlpKvlwS4GVN1O564or3F_V50miias|website=Hetq.am|date=8 February 2024 |title=«Զվարթնոցը» ուղեւորափոխադրման նոր ռեկորդ է սահմանել 2023-ին }}</ref>

==Airlines and destinations==

===Passenger===

The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter services to and from the airport:
{{Airport destination list

| [[Aegean Airlines]]| [[Athens International Airport|Athens]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Larnaca International Airport|Larnaca]], [[Thessaloniki Airport|Thessaloniki]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/220926-a3ns23intl | title=AEGEAN AIRLINES NS23 INTERNATIONAL SERVICE UPDATE – 25SEP22}}</ref> ''' Seasonal Charter:''' [[Heraklion International Airport|Heraklion]]

| [[Aeroflot]]| [[Sheremetyevo International Airport|Moscow–Sheremetyevo]], [[Pulkovo Airport|Saint Petersburg]], [[Sochi International Airport|Sochi]], [[Volgograd International Airport|Volgograd]], [[Koltsovo International Airport|Yekaterinburg]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Kurumoch International Airport|Samara]]

| [[Air Arabia]] | [[Sharjah International Airport|Sharjah]]

| [[Air Cairo]]| [[Cairo International Airport|Cairo]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Air Cairo Adds Yerevan Service From June 2024 |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240327-smns24evn |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=AeroRoutes |date=27 March 2024 |language=en-CA}}</ref> [[Sharm El Sheikh International Airport|Sharm El Sheikh]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Hurghada International Airport|Hurghada]]

| [[Air France]]| [[Charles de Gaulle Airport|Paris–Charles de Gaulle]]

| [[Air Montenegro]]| '''Seasonal:''' [[Podgorica Airport|Podgorica]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exyuaviation.com/2022/02/air-montenegro-to-run-regular-armenia.html|title = Air Montenegro to run regular Armenia charters|website=exyuaviation.com| date=21 February 2022 }}</ref>

| [[airBaltic]] | '''Seasonal:''' [[Riga Airport|Riga]]

| [[Armenia Airways]]| [[Imam Khomeini International Airport|Tehran–Imam Khomeini]]

| [[Armenian Airlines]]| [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]] (begins 15 November 2024),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240905-jinw24del|title=Armenian Airlines Plans Delhi mid-Nov 2024 Launch|work=Aeroroutes|accessdate=5 September 2024}}</ref> [[Kazan International Airport|Kazan]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Liu |first1=Jim |title=Armenian Airlines Plans Kazan August 2024 Launch |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240717-jiaug24kzn |access-date=17 July 2024 |work=AeroRoutes |date=17 July 2024 |language=en-CA}}</ref> [[Mineralnye Vody Airport|Mineralnye Vody]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Armenian Airlines Adds Mineralnye Vody From Dec 2023 |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/231123-jidec23mrv |access-date=23 November 2023 |work=AeroRoutes |date=23 November 2023 |language=en-CA}}</ref> [[Sheremetyevo International Airport|Moscow–Sheremetyevo]], [[Sochi International Airport|Sochi]], [[Mustai Karim Ufa International Airport|Ufa]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Armenian Airlines starts direct flights Yerevan ↔ Ufa |url=https://armenianairlines.am/en/news/434 |website=armenianairlines.am |publisher=Armenian Airlines |access-date=8 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240724-jijul24ufa|title=Armenian Airlines Adds Ufa Service From July 2024|website=AeroRoutes}}</ref> [[Volgograd International Airport|Volgograd]] (begins 6 October 2024)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Liu |first1=Jim |title=ARMENIAN AIRLINES ADDS VOLGOGRAD SERVICE FROM OCT 2024 |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240726-jioct24vog |access-date=26 July 2024 |work=AeroRoutes |date=26 July 2024 |language=en-CA}}</ref> '''Seasonal:''' [[Alexander Kartveli Batumi International Airport|Batumi]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Armenian Airlines будет совершать рейсы между Ереваном и Батуми |url=https://www.travel.ru/news/2024/03/05/266869.html |access-date=6 March 2024 |work=Travel.ru |date=5 March 2024 |language=ru}}</ref>

| Asa Jet | [[Rasht Airport|Rasht]], [[Tabriz Shahid Madani International Airport|Tabriz]]

| [[Austrian Airlines]] | [[Vienna International Airport|Vienna]]

| [[Azimuth (airline)|Azimuth]]| [[Kaluga (Grabtsevo) Airport|Kaluga]], [[Mineralnye Vody Airport|Mineralnye Vody]], [[Vnukovo International Airport|Moscow–Vnukovo]], [[Adler-Sochi International Airport|Sochi]],<ref name="A4_AER_NS24">{{cite news |title=Azimuth Expands Sochi Network in NS24 |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240402-a4ns24aer |access-date=2 April 2024 |work=AeroRoutes |date=2 April 2024 |language=en-CA}}</ref> [[Ufa International Airport|Ufa]]

| [[Belavia]]| [[Minsk National Airport|Minsk]]

| [[Brussels Airlines]]| [[Brussels Airport|Brussels]]

| [[Bulgaria Air]]| '''Seasonal Charter:''' [[Burgas International Airport|Burgas]], [[Varna International Airport|Varna]]

| [[Caspian Airlines]]| [[Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport|Tehran–Imam Khomeini]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tinn.ir/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-42/275841-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%B4%D8%AF|title=Tehran-Yerevan flights have resumed|date= 6 July 2024}}</ref>

| [[Cham Wings Airlines]] | [[Damascus International Airport|Damascus]]

| {{nowrap|[[China Southern Airlines]]}} | [[Ürümqi Diwopu International Airport|Ürümqi]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Liu |first1=Jim |title=China Southern Adds Yerevan Service From Sep 2024 |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240708-czsep24evn |access-date=8 July 2024 |work=AeroRoutes |date=8 July 2024 |language=en-CA}}</ref>

| [[Condor (airline)|Condor]] | '''Seasonal:''' [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://condor-newsroom.condor.com/de/de/news-artikel/from-july-2021-condor-flies-to-yerevan-in-armenia/|title=Condor Flies to Yerevan in Armenia |language=German |website=Condor|date=June 18, 2021|access-date=June 18, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://aviation.direct/en/Condor-temporarily-suspends-Tbilisi-and-Yerevan | title=Condor temporarily suspends Tbilisi and Yerevan | date=18 October 2023 }}</ref>

| {{nowrap|[[European Air Charter (Bulgarian airline)|European Air Charter]]}}| '''Seasonal Charter:''' [[Burgas International Airport|Burgas]]

| [[Eurowings]] | [[Berlin Brandenburg Airport|Berlin]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Ab Mai 2024 gibt es einen Direktenflug aus Berlin nach Jerewan|url=https://germany.mfa.am/de/news/2023/10/27/DirektflugausBerlinnachJerewan/12209|website=germany.mfa.am|date=27 October 2023}}</ref> [[Düsseldorf Airport|Düsseldorf]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://aviation.direct/en/eurowings-with-new-destinations-from-duesseldorf-hamburg-and-stuttgart | title=Eurowings with new destinations from Düsseldorf, Hamburg and Stuttgart | date=16 February 2023 }}</ref> '''Seasonal:''' [[Cologne-Bonn Airport|Cologne/Bonn]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Eurowings to offer flights between Yerevan and Cologne|url=https://en.armradio.am/2021/07/06/eurowings-to-offer-flights-between-yerevan-and-cologne/|website=armradio.am|date=6 July 2021}}</ref>

| [[FitsAir]] | ''' Seasonal Charter:''' [[Bandaranaike International Airport|Colombo–Bandaranaike]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://airserviceone.com/yerevan-passenger-traffic-grows-hugely-has-welcomed-multiple-new-airlines-now-60-destinations/|title=Yerevan passenger traffic grows hugely; has welcomed multiple new airlines; now 60+ destinations|date=4 July 2023|accessdate=10 July 2023}}</ref> [[Fujairah International Airport|Fujairah]],<ref name="8D_EVN_NS24" /> [[Velana International Airport|Malé]],<ref name="8D_EVN_NS24" /> [[Sharjah International Airport|Sharjah]]<ref name="8D_EVN_NS24">{{cite news |last1=Liu |first1=Jim |title=FitsAir NS24 Maldives – Armenia Operation Changes |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240723-8dns24evn |access-date=23 July 2024 |work=AeroRoutes |date=23 July 2024 |language=en-CA}}</ref>

| [[flydubai]]| [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai–International]]

| [[FlyEgypt]]| '''Seasonal:''' [[Hurghada International Airport|Hurghada]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Liu |first1=Jim |title=FlyEgypt Adds Hurghada – Yerevan From June 2024 |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240605-ftjun24evn |access-date=5 June 2024 |work=AeroRoutes |date=5 June 2024 |language=en-CA}}</ref> [[Sharm El Sheikh International Airport|Sharm El Sheikh]]<ref name="gdca.am">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gdca.am/article/219#prettyPhoto|title=Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիական ավիացիայի կոմիտե}}</ref>

| [[FlyErbil]]| '''Seasonal:''' [[Erbil International Airport|Erbil]]

| [[FlyOne Armenia]]| [[Barcelona El Prat Airport|Barcelona]],<ref name="3F_NS24">{{cite news |title=Fly One Armenia NS24 Network Expansion |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240306-3fns24 |access-date=7 March 2024 |work=AeroRoutes |date=7 March 2024 |language=en-CA}}</ref> [[Chișinău International Airport|Chișinău]], [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai–International]] (begins {{date|2024-10-27}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240812-3fnw24dxb|title=Fly One Armenia Resumes Dubai Service in 4Q24|publisher=AeroRoutes|date=12 August 2024|accessdate=12 August 2024}}</ref> [[Düsseldorf Airport|Düsseldorf]], [[Istanbul Airport|Istanbul]], [[Larnaca International Airport|Larnaca]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://flyone.eu/en/|title=FLYONE | Cheap flights from Chisinau and Yerevan|website=flyone.eu}}</ref> [[Milan Malpensa Airport|Milan–Malpensa]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://flyone.eu/en/ | title=FLYONE | Cheap flights from Chisinau }}</ref> [[Domodedovo International Airport|Moscow–Domodedovo]],<ref name="facebook.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/FLYONEARMENIA|title=FLY ONE ARMENIA|website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> [[Vnukovo International Airport|Moscow–Vnukovo]], [[Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport|Paris–Charles de Gaulle]], [[Pulkovo International Airport|Saint Petersburg]], [[Sochi International Airport|Sochi]], [[Tbilisi International Airport|Tbilisi]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://flyone.eu/en/ | title=FLYONE | Cheap flights from Chisinau and Yerevan }}</ref> [[Ben Gurion Airport|Tel Aviv]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Hurghada International Airport|Hurghada]], [[Mineralnye Vody Airport|Mineralnye Vody]], [[Nice Côte d'Azur Airport|Nice]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Fly One Armenia Schedules Nice May 2024 Launch |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240116-3fmay24nce |access-date=16 January 2024 |work=AeroRoutes |date=16 January 2024 |language=en-CA}}</ref> [[Sharm El Sheikh International Airport|Sharm El Sheikh]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/arm/news/1106823.html|title=Նոր օդանավ, հինգ նոր ուղղություն. Fly One Armenia ավիաընկերությունն ընդլայնում է աշխարհագրությունը|website=armenpress.am}}</ref> [[Tivat Airport|Tivat]]

| [[Georgian Airways]] | [[Tbilisi International Airport|Tbilisi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://flights.georgian-airways.com/en/flights-to-yerevan|title=Cheap Flights to Yerevan with Georgian Airways}}</ref>

| [[Iran Airtour]]| [[Imam Khomeini International Airport|Tehran–Imam Khomeini]]

| [[Iran Aseman Airlines]] | [[Imam Khomeini International Airport|Tehran–Imam Khomeini]]

| [[Iraqi Airways]] | [[Baghdad International Airport|Baghdad]]

| [[LOT Polish Airlines]]| [[Warsaw Chopin Airport|Warsaw–Chopin]]

| [[Lufthansa]]| [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.armradio.am/2021/07/15/lufthansa-enters-armenian-market/|title=Lufthansa enters Armenian market|website=armradio.am|date=15 July 2021}}</ref>

| {{nowrap|[[Middle East Airlines]]}}| [[Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport|Beirut]]

| [[Nouvelair]]| '''Seasonal Charter:''' [[Monastir Habib Bourguiba International Airport|Monastir]]

| [[Novair (Armenia)|Novair]]| [[Syunik Airport|Kapan]]<ref>{{cite web | url= https://armenpress.am/eng/amp/1117749 | title=FLIGHTS TO KAPAN ARE OFFICIALLY LAUNCHED – 21AUG23}}</ref>

| [[Pegasus Airlines]]| [[Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport|Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen]]

| [[Qatar Airways]]| [[Hamad International Airport|Doha]]

| [[Qeshm Air]]| [[Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport|Tehran–Imam Khomeini]]

| {{nowrap|[[Red Wings Airlines]]}}| [[Chelyabinsk Airport|Chelyabinsk]], [[Kazan International Airport|Kazan]], [[Mineralnye Vody Airport|Mineralnye Vody]], [[Domodedovo International Airport|Moscow–Domodedovo]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Liu |first1=Jim |title=Red Wings Adds Moscow Domodedovo – Yerevan Route in 3Q24 |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240607-wz3q24evn |access-date=9 June 2024 |work=AeroRoutes |date=7 June 2024 |language=en-CA}}</ref> [[Zhukovsky International Airport|Moscow–Zhukovsky]], [[Nizhny Novgorod Airport|Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Kurumoch International Airport|Samara]], [[Sochi International Airport|Sochi]], [[Ufa International Airport|Ufa]], [[Koltsovo International Airport|Yekaterinburg]]

| [[Rossiya Airlines]]| [[Mineralnye Vody Airport|Mineralnye Vody]], [[Sheremetyevo International Airport|Moscow–Sheremetyevo]], [[Pulkovo International Airport|Saint Petersburg]], [[Kurumoch Airport|Samara]], [[Sochi International Airport|Sochi]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aviation24.be/airlines/aeroflot/launches-international-network-from-sochi-russia/amp/|title = Aeroflot launches international network from Sochi, Russia|date = 26 March 2022}}</ref> [[Volgograd International Airport|Volgograd]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aeroroutes.com/eng/220714-sujul22evn|title=Aeroflot adds Volgograd - Yerevan service from late-July 2022|publisher=AeroRoutes|date=14 July 2022|accessdate=15 July 2022}}</ref>

| [[S7 Airlines]]|[[Tolmachevo Airport|Novosibirsk]]<ref>{{cite news |title=S7 Airlines Increases Novosibirsk – Yerevan Flights in 3Q23 |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/230628-s7jul23ovbevn |access-date=28 June 2023 |work=AeroRoutes |date=28 June 2023 |language=en-CA}}</ref>

| [[SCAT Airlines]]|[[Aktau Airport|Aktau]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zvartnots.aero/EN/News?ID=3224|title = "SCAT" air company will start operating flights Aktau-Yerevan - Aktau - Zvartnots}}</ref>

| [[Sepehran Airlines]]| [[Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport|Tehran–Imam Khomeini]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tinn.ir/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-42/260765-%D8%A2%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86|title=Tehran-Yerevan Sepehran flights launched|date=27 August 2023}}</ref>

| [[Shirak Avia]]|[[Sheremetyevo International Airport|Moscow–Sheremetyevo]], [[Vnukovo International Airport|Moscow–Vnukovo]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aviation.am/storage/files/editor/S22%2001-%2031%20JUL%202022.pdf|title=Aviation}}</ref> [[Strigino International Airport|Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Bolshoye Savino Airport|Perm]], [[Saratov Gagarin Airport|Saratov]],<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/221129-5g4q22|title=Shirak Avia Expands Russia Network in 4Q22|date=29 November 2022|website=Aeroroutes|language=en-GB|access-date=29 November 2022}}</ref> [[Ufa International Airport|Ufa]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Velana International Airport|Malé]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Liu |first1=Jim |title=Shirak Avia NS24 Armenia – Maldives Operations |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240702-5gns24mle |access-date=3 July 2024 |work=AeroRoutes |date=2 July 2024 |language=en-CA}}</ref>

| [[Sky Express (Greece)|Sky Express]] | [[Athens International Airport|Athens]] (begins 5 November 2024)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240813-gqnw24 |title=SKY EXPRESS NW24 ATHENS NETWORK ADDITIONS |date=13 August 2024}}</ref>

| [[Transavia France|Transavia]]|[[Paris Orly Airport|Paris–Orly]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hetq.am/en/article/142910 |title = Transavia Launches Paris-Yerevan Roundtrip Flights| date=31 March 2022 }}</ref> ''' Seasonal:''' [[Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport|Lyon]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lyoncapitale.fr/actualite/transavia-ouvre-trois-nouvelles-lignes-depuis-lyon-saint-exupery |title = Transavia ouvre trois nouvelles lignes depuis Lyon Saint-Exupéry| date=7 December 2023 }}</ref> [[Marseille Provence Airport|Marseille]]

| [[UR Airlines]]| '''Seasonal:''' [[Erbil International Airport|Erbil]]

| [[Ural Airlines]]| [[Moscow Domodedovo Airport|Moscow–Domodedovo]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Ural Airlines Resumes Moscow – Yerevan Service From Nov 2023 |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/231004-u6nw23dmeevn |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=AeroRoutes |date=4 October 2023 |language=en-CA}}</ref> [[Adler-Sochi International Airport|Sochi]],<ref>{{cite news |title="Уральские авиалинии" возобновят рейсы из Сочи в Ереван |url=https://kuban.rbc.ru/krasnodar/freenews/659f92f99a79475dbecfddd8 |access-date=11 January 2024 |work=РБК |date=11 January 2024 |language=ru}}</ref> [[Koltsovo International Airport|Yekaterinburg]]

| [[Utair]]| [[Vnukovo International Airport|Moscow–Vnukovo]], [[Pulkovo International Airport|Saint Petersburg]], [[Sochi International Airport|Sochi]], [[Surgut International Airport|Surgut]], [[Roshchino International Airport|Tyumen]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://arka.am/en/news/business/direct_flights_between_yerevan_and_siberian_tyumen_to_start_november_20/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105223545/http://arka.am/en/news/business/direct_flights_between_yerevan_and_siberian_tyumen_to_start_november_20/ |archive-date=5 November 2021 |title=Direct flights between Yerevan and Siberian Tyumen to start November 20}}</ref>

|[[Wizz Air]]| [[Abu Dhabi International Airport|Abu Dhabi]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Liu|first1=Jim|title=Wizz Air Abu Dhabi schedules October 2020 launch|url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/292402/wizz-air-abu-dhabi-schedules-october-2020-launch/|date=12 July 2020|work=Routesonline}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Liu |first1=Jim |title=Wizz Air Abu Dhabi moves service launch to mid-Nov 2020 |url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/293987/wizz-air-abu-dhabi-moves-service-launch-to-mid-nov-2020/ |website=Routesonline |access-date=26 September 2020}}</ref> [[Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport|Budapest]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dailynewshungary.com/wizz-air-launches-six-new-flights-budapest/ | title=BREAKING: Hungarian Wizz Air launches six new flights from Budapest! - UPDATED - Daily News Hungary | date=28 February 2024 }}</ref> [[Dortmund Airport|Dortmund]],<ref name="auto">{{cite web | url=https://en.armradio.am/2023/01/26/wizz-air-to-launch-flights-from-yerevan-to-dortmund-sofia-katowic-and-prague/ | title=Wizz Air to launch flights from Yerevan to Dortmund, Sofia, Katowice and Prague }}</ref> [[Larnaca International Airport|Larnaca]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1004032.html|title = Wizz Air to start operating flights on Yerevan- Larnaca -Yerevan route}}</ref> [[Milan Malpensa Airport|Milan–Malpensa]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://italiavola.com/2022/09/15/wizz-air-annuncia-3-nuove-rotte-dallitalia-la-napoli-abu-dhabi-e-milano-marsa-alam-yerevan/ | title=WIZZ AIR annuncia 3 nuove rotte dall'Italia. La Napoli-Abu Dhabi e Milano-Marsa Alam/Yerevan | date=15 September 2022 }}</ref> [[Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport|Rome–Fiumicino]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.avionews.it/it/item/1240422-stamattina-conferenza-stampa-wizz-air-a-roma.html |title = Stamattina conferenza-stampa Wizz Air a Roma|date = 17 November 2021}}</ref> [[Sofia Airport|Sofia]],<ref name="auto"/> [[Venice Marco Polo Airport|Venice]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1096463.html | title=Wizz Air to start Venice-Yerevan flights }}</ref> [[Vienna International Airport|Vienna]]<ref name="reuters.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/wizz-air-hldgs-armenia/wizz-air-expands-into-armenia-with-two-new-routes-idUSL8N28Q13O|title=Wizz Air expands into Armenia with two new routes|website=reuters.com|date=16 December 2019}}</ref>

}}

===Cargo===
{{Airport destination list

| [[ASL Airlines Belgium]] | [[Liège Airport|Liège]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fzvartnots.official%2Fposts%2F2690406004399409|title=Zvartnots International Airport
|website=Facebook}}</ref>

| [[Lufthansa Cargo]] | [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/230715-lhcjul23evn|title=Lufthansa Cargo Adds Yerevan freighter service from late-July 2023|publisher=AeroRoutes|date=15 July 2023}}</ref>

| [[Swiftair]] | [[Cologne Bonn Airport|Cologne/Bonn]],{{citation needed|date=September 2022}} [[Tbilisi International Airport|Tbilisi]]{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

}}

==Traffic and statistics==
[[File:Zvartnots International Airport, ArmAg (1).jpg|alt=|thumb|New terminal building]]
[[File:Yerevan Zvartnots International.jpg|thumb|Check-in hall]]
[[File:Yerevan - Zvartnots International (EVN - UDYZ) AN2224107.jpg|thumb|Departures hall and gates]]
[[File:Raffi kojian-ararat-1247.jpg|thumb|Mt. Ararat from Zvartnots Airport]]

===Annual statistics===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed collapsible collapsed"
|-
!colspan="7"|2000s
|-
!Year
!2005<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aviation.am/eng/doc/2005-2006December.zip|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531152801/http://www.aviation.am/eng/doc/2005-2006December.zip|url-status=dead|title=Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիական ավիացիայի կոմիտե|archivedate=31 May 2011}}</ref>
!2006<ref name="pax">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aviation.am/eng/doc/2006-2007December.zip|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531152804/http://www.aviation.am/eng/doc/2006-2007December.zip|url-status=dead|title=Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիական ավիացիայի կոմիտե|archivedate=31 May 2011}}</ref>
!2007<ref name="pax"/>
!2008<ref>[http://groong.usc.edu/news/msg255789.html 2008 Statistics for Zvartnots airport] {{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
!2009<ref name="stats">{{cite web|url=http://www.panarmenian.net/eng/economy/news/59977/|title=Overall passenger transportation via Zvartnots airport reached 1.6mln in 2010|work=PanARMENIAN.Net|access-date=7 June 2015}}</ref>
|-
!Total passenger traffic
|1,111,400
|1,125,698
|1,387,002
|1,480,000
|1,447,397
|-
! Departing passenger traffic
|546,000
|562,825
|698,614
|751,310
|729,835
|-
!Arriving passenger traffic
|547,400
|562,873
|688,388
|628,690
|717,562
|-
!Total freight (tons)
|9,119
|9,276
|10,004
|10,774
|8,400
|-
!Exported freight (tons)
|3,701
|4,080
|3,515
|4,000
|3,100
|-
!Imported freight (tons)
|5,418
|5,196
|6,489
|6,700
|5,200
|-
!Aircraft movements (departure and landing)
|6,897
|6,746
|7,953
|8,624
|8,699
|}

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed collapsible collapsed"
|-
!colspan="11"|2010s
|-
!Year
!2010<ref name="stats"/>
!2011<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/91067/|title=Zvartnots Airport serviced over 1,6 million passengers in 2011|work=PanARMENIAN.Net|access-date=7 June 2015}}</ref>
!2012<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/144088/|title=Zvartnots Airport posts passenger traffic of 1,7 mln in 2012|work=PanARMENIAN.Net|access-date=7 June 2015}}</ref>
!2013<ref name="aviation.am - Statistics 2013-2014">{{cite web|url=http://aviation.am/index.php/en/statistics/262|title=Statistics 2013-2014|access-date=7 June 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402145442/http://aviation.am/index.php/en/statistics/262|archive-date=2 April 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
!2014<ref name="aviation.am - Statistics 2013-2014"/>
!2015<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aviation.am/index.php/hy/statistics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126195616/http://aviation.am/index.php/hy/statistics|url-status=dead|title=Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիական ավիացիայի կոմիտե|archivedate=26 January 2016}}</ref>
!2016<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aviation.am/index.php/hy/statistics|title=Վիճակագրություն|publisher=Aviation.am|access-date=2017-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126195616/http://aviation.am/index.php/hy/statistics|archive-date=26 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
!2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.panorama.am/en/news/2018/01/10/Armenian-airport-passenger-traffic/1888660|title=Armenian airports see 20.6% growth in passenger traffic in 2017|work=panorama.am|access-date=10 November 2018}}</ref>
!2018<ref>{{cite web|url=http://finport.am/full_news.php?id=36998&lang=3|title=11.9% growth in passenger traffic recorded in Armenia in 2018|work=finport.am|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref>
!2019<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aviation.am/storage/files/editor/2019%20December.pdf|title=Reference on the main productive indicators of "Zvartnots" Airport January-December 2018-2019|publisher=aviation.am|access-date=2020-03-11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311083450/http://aviation.am/storage/files/editor/2019%20December.pdf|archive-date=11 March 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
!Total passenger traffic
|1,612,016
|1,600,891
|1,691,815
|1,691,710
|2,045,058
|1,879,667
|2,105,540
|2,448,250
|2,690,727
|3,048,859

|-
! Departing passenger traffic
|816,866
|807,953
|845,700
|830,000
|1,019,765
|944,373
|1,048,153
|1,218,340
|1,318,344
|1,473,019
|-
!Arriving passenger traffic
|795,150
|792,944
|846,115
|861,710
|1,025,293
|935,294
|1,057,387
|1,229,910
|1,372,383
|1,575,840
|-
!Total freight (tons)
|8,800
|10,014
|12,251
|10,361
|10,345
|10,123
|18,269
|22,325
|18,069
|19,511
|-
!Exported freight (tons)
|3,300
|4,741
|6,687
|6,109
|6,450
|6,607
|13,784
|16,984
|12,010
|12,755
|-
!Imported freight (tons)
|5,500
|5,273
|5,564
|4,252
|3,895
|3,516
|4,485
|5,341
|6,059
|6,756
|-
!Aircraft movements (departure and landing)
|9,783
|9,858
|10,392
|8,721
|10,409
|9,012
|9,266
|10,621
|11,580
|13,260
|}

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|-
!colspan="5"|2020s
|-
!Year
!2020<ref name="Statistics"/>
!2021<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hetq.am/hy/article/140747|title="Զվարթնոցի" ցուցանիշները "վերակենդանացում" են հուշում, բայց մտահոգիչը մեկնածների զգալի մեծ թիվն է|website=Hetq.am|date=3 February 2022 }}</ref>
!2022<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hetq.am/hy/article/152473|title=«Զվարթնոց» օդանավակայանը 2022-ին ռեկորդներ է գրանցել|website=Hetq.am|date=25 January 2023 }}</ref>
!2023<ref name="auto3"/>
|-
!Total passenger traffic
|790,827
|2,278,212
|3,649,764
|5,330,308
|-
! Departing passenger traffic
|388,685
|1,155,765
|1,809,565
|2,655,515
|-
!Arriving passenger traffic
|402,142
|1,122,447
|1,840,199
|2,674,793
|-
!Total freight (tons)
|15,733
|17,321{{efn|Including postal items}}
|23,340{{efn|Including postal items}}
|33,852{{efn|Including freight processed at [[Shirak Airport]]}}
|-
!Exported freight (tons)
|10,405
|8,803
|N/A
|17,568{{efn|Including freight exported from [[Shirak Airport]]}}
|-
!Imported freight (tons)
|5,328
|8,518
|N/A
|16,284{{efn|Including freight imported at [[Shirak Airport]]}}
|-
!Aircraft movements (departure and landing)
|4,963
|10,106
|17,345
|43,485
|}

{| class="wikitable" width="align="
|+'''Top 10 most frequent routes from Zvartnots as of March 2024'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Flightradar24 |title=Live Flight Tracker - Real-Time Flight Tracker Map |url=https://www.flightradar24.com/data/airports/evn |access-date=2022-08-30 |website=Flightradar24 |language=en}}</ref>
!Rank
!City
!Flights per week
|-
|1
|{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Sheremetyevo International Airport|SVO Moscow]]
|~52
|-
|2
|{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Vnukovo Airport|VKO Moscow]]
|~46
|-
|3
|{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Sochi International Airport|Sochi]]
|~26
|-
|4
|{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Mineralnye Vody Airport|Mineralnye Vody]]
|~24
|-
|5
|{{flagicon|Iran}} [[Imam Khomeini International Airport|Tehran]]
|~15
|-
|6
|{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Moscow Domodedovo Airport|DME Moscow]]
|~14
|-
|7
|{{flagicon|Georgia}} [[Tbilisi International Airport|Tbilisi]]
|~11
|-
|8
|{{flagicon|Moldova}} [[Chișinău International Airport|Chișinău]]
|~11
|-
|9
|{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[Zayed International Airport|Abu Dhabi]]
|~11
|-
|10
|{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Vienna International Airport|Vienna]]
|~10
|}

==Ground transportation==

===Bus routes and subway service===
In 2017, a new express bus service began operation, with regular round-trips between Zvartnots Airport and downtown Yerevan. The [https://t-armenia.com/en/yerevan-airport-shuttle-bus number 201 bus] leaves the airport every half hour between 7 am and 11 pm, and every hour between 12 am and 6 am. The travel time is approximately 30 minutes, depending on traffic. Operated by Elitebus, a one-way fare costs 300 [[Armenian dram|AMD]]. The bus terminus is on Amiryan Street, but the bus also [https://wikiroutes.info/en/erevan?routes=59496 makes stops] along Mashtots Avenue, at the [[Yeritasardakan (Yerevan Metro)|Yeritasardakan station]] (where passengers can connect to the [[Yerevan Metro]] system), and at the [[Republic Square, Yerevan|Republic Square]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://hetq.am/eng/news/83453/yerevan-new-schedule-for-zvartnots-airport-express-bus.html|title=Yerevan: New Schedule for Zvartnots Airport Express Bus - Hetq - News, Articles, Investigations|access-date=2018-01-13|language=en}}</ref>

===Automobile===
The airport is accessed from the [[Roads in Armenia|M5 highway]], which connects Yerevan with the west of the country and other major highways. By car, the distance from Zvartnots Airport to the centre of Yerevan is 12 kilometers, taking approximately 20 minutes to get to.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://airmundo.com/en/airports/yerevan-zvartnots-airport/|title=Yerevan Zvartnots Airport|language=en}}</ref>

At Zvartnots Airport, cars from rental companies are available. The airport offers various [https://airmundo.com/en/airports/yerevan-zvartnots-airport/parking/#official-parkings official parking] options, from premium to low cost. In addition, alternative parking options are within the reach of the airport.

===Taxi service===
In 2019, Zvartnots Airport partnered with [[Yandex Taxi]] to provide passengers with taxi services from the airport.

==Incidents==
On 14 February 2008, [[Belavia Flight 1834]], operated by a [[Bombardier CRJ100ER]], stalled and crashed on takeoff at Zvartnots. The aircraft flipped over and burst into flames. There were no fatalities amongst the 21 occupants, but 7 people were injured.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.mak.ru/russian/investigations/2008/report_ew-101pj.pdf
|title = Final Report of Belavia Flight 1834
|author = Interstate Aviation Committee (MAK)
|date = 4 June 2009
|author-link = Interstate Aviation Committee
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110929113148/http://www.mak.ru/russian/investigations/2008/report_ew-101pj.pdf
|archive-date = 29 September 2011
|df = dmy
}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Transport in Armenia]]
* [[List of the busiest airports in Armenia]]
* [[List of the busiest airports in the former USSR]]
*[https://mytrack.app/airport/EVN Up-to-date route map of Zvartnots Airport]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Zvartnots International Airport}}
*{{official website}}

{{Portal bar|Aviation|Transport}}
{{Airports in Armenia}}
{{List of airports in Europe|state=collapsed}}
{{Yerevan landmarks}}
{{Airports built in the Soviet Union}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Airports in Armenia]]
[[Category:Airports built in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Airports established in 1961]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Armavir Province]]
[[Category:Transport in Yerevan]]
[[Category:1961 establishments in Armenia]]

Eternal Springtime

2024-08-22T02:24:28Z

RaffiKojian: /* Versions */ fix link

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Short description|Sculpture by Auguste Rodin}}
{{Infobox artwork
| title = Eternal Springtime
| other_language_1 = French
| other_title_1 = L'eternel printemps
| image = 105 La eterna primavera.jpg
| image_upright = 1
| caption = Marble version of ''Eternal Springtime''
| artist = [[Auguste Rodin]]
| year = {{start date|1884}}
| type = Sculpture
| material = Marble, bronze
| height_metric = 
| width_metric =
| length_metric =
}}

'''''Eternal Springtime''''' ({{lang-fr|link=no|'''L'Éternel Printemps'''}}) is a c. 1884 sculpture by the French artist [[Auguste Rodin]], depicting a pair of lovers. It was created at the same time as ''[[The Gates of Hell]]'' and originally intended to be part of it. One of its rare 19th-century original casts belongs to the permanent collection of [[Calouste Gulbenkian Museum]].

==Gates of Hell==
Rodin originally conceived of ''Eternal Springtime'' as part of ''The Gates of Hell'', one of the representations of [[Paolo Malatesta]] and [[Francesca da Polenta]], but did not include it there because the happiness expressed by the lovers did not seem appropriate to the theme.<ref name=museum>{{Cite web |url=http://www.musee-rodin.fr/en/collections/sculptures/eternal-springtime |title=La Eterna Primavera |publisher=[[Musée Rodin]] |access-date=2016-08-09 |archive-date=21 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821153709/http://www.musee-rodin.fr/en/collections/sculptures/eternal-springtime |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''[[The Kiss (Rodin sculpture)|The Kiss]]'', another famous sculpture by the artist, shares the same origin, but unlike ''The Kiss'' in ''Eternal Springtime'' the man dominates the composition, sustaining the arching body of his lover that joins him in a passionate kiss.

==Description==
Rodin took the woman's torso, with its arched pose, from the ''[[Torso of Adele]]'' that appears in the upper left corner of the [[Tympanum (architecture)|tympanum]] on ''The Gates of Hell'';<ref name=museum/> the model was Adele Abruzzesi, originally from Italy, and for the man [[Lou Tellegen]]. However, at the time of his creation of ''Eternal Springtime'', he was in a romantic relationship with [[Camille Claudel]], and Reine-Marie Paris, the granddaughter of Claudel's brother [[Paul Claudel]], has suggested that traces of her can be discerned in the woman of this piece and in other female figures prominent in works he created in the mid-1880s.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Reine-Marie |last1=Paris |first2=Meredith |last2=Martindale |title=Camille Claudel |location=Washington, D. C. |publisher=[[National Museum of Women in the Arts]] |year=1988 |isbn=9780940979048 |type=exhibition catalogue |pages=19, 41 }} Cited in {{cite book |first=Patricia Townley |last=Mathews |title=Passionate Discontent: Creativity, Gender, and French Symbolist Art |location=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago |year=1999 |isbn=9780226510187 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zUe_iyI2EfUC&q=Gates+of+Hell+Camille+Claudel&pg=PA254 |page=254, note 62 }}</ref>

==Versions==
The work was reproduced several times in bronze and marble. A marble version dating to c. 1901 was sold at auction in May 2016 for a then record-breaking [[US dollar|$]]20 million.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-36255283 |title=Rodin marble sells for record $20m at New York auction |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=10 May 2016 |access-date=2016-08-09}}</ref>

One of [[Auguste Rodin|Rodin]]’s earliest versions, cast in 1898 by [[Rudier Foundry|Alexis Rudier's Foundry]], which worked directly with [[Auguste Rodin|Rodin]], was bought in 1913 by [[Calouste Gulbenkian]] and nowadays is available to public access in [[Calouste Gulbenkian Museum|his museum]].

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:Rodin Museum - Eternal Springtime 02.jpg|''Eternal Springtime'' in marble at the [[Rodin Museum]]
File:Eternal Springtime, Auguste Rodin, c. 1886, bronze - Huntington Museum of Art - DSC05255.JPG|A bronze copy at the [[Huntington Museum of Art]]
File:Philbrook - Ewiger Frühling - Rodin.jpg|Copy at the [[Philbrook Museum of Art]]
File:13699 La-eterna-primavera-1.jpg|Bronze cast at [[Museo Soumaya]]
File:Eternal Spring by Auguste Rodin, High Museum of Art 1.jpg|Bronze cast at the [[High Museum of Art]]
</gallery>

== References ==
<references />

==External links==
*{{Commonscat-inline|Eternal Spring by Auguste Rodin|''Eternal Springtime''}}

{{Auguste Rodin}}

[[Category:Sculptures by Auguste Rodin]]
[[Category:1884 sculptures]]
[[Category:Nude sculptures]]
[[Category:Sculptures in the Musée Rodin]]
[[Category:Collections of the Musée des Beaux-Arts et d'archéologie de Besançon]]

Isla San Ildefonso

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{{Short description|Island in the Gulf of California}}
{{Infobox islands |name = Isla San Ildefonso
| image_name = Raffi kojian-baja-5457.jpg
| image_size = 300px
|image_caption = Isla San Ildefonso
| map = Mexico
| map_caption =
|location = [[Gulf of California]]
|coordinates= {{coord|26|37|56.92|N|111|25|47.60|W|scale:1000000}}
|area_km2 =
|elevation_m = 150
|country = Mexico
|country_admin_divisions_title = [[Mexican state|State]]
|country_admin_divisions = [[Baja California Sur]]
|population = Uninhabited
}}

'''Isla San Ildefonso''', is an [[island]] in the [[Gulf of California]] east of the [[Baja Peninsula|Baja California Peninsula]]. The island is uninhabited and is part of the [[Mulegé Municipality, Baja California Sur|Mulegé Municipality]].

==Biology==
Isla San Ildefonso has four [[species]] of [[reptile]]: ''[[Masticophis flagellum|Coluber flagellum]]'' (coachwhip), ''[[Phyllodactylus nocticolus]]'' (peninsular leaf-toed gecko), ''[[Sceloporus orcutti]]'' (granite spiny lizard), and ''[[Uta stansburiana]]'' (common side-blotched lizard).
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://herpatlas.sdnhm.org/places/overview/isla-san-ildefonso/106/1/|title = TheNAT :: Amphibian and Reptile Atlas of Peninsular California}}</ref>

==References==
{{Portal|Islands}}
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book
| last1 = Williams | first1 = J.H.
| title = Baja Boaters Guide II: Sea of Cortez.
| publisher = H.J. Williams Publications
| pages = 159–160
| date = August 1996
| isbn = 0-9616843-8-0 }}

[[Category:Islands of Baja California Sur]]
[[Category:Islands of the Gulf of California]]
[[Category:Uninhabited islands of Mexico]]

{{BajaCaliforniaSur-geo-stub}}

Isla Coronados

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{{Short description|Island in the Gulf of California}}
{{Other places|Coronado (disambiguation){{!}}Coronado}}
{{Infobox islands |name = Isla Coronados
| image_name = Raffi kojian-baja-5469.jpg
| image_size = 250px
|image_caption = Aerial view of Isla Coronados
| map = Mexico
| map_caption =
|location = [[Gulf of California]] [[Loreto Municipality, Baja California Sur|Loreto Municipality]]
|coordinates= {{coord|26|07|8.52|N|111|16|26.73|W|scale:1000000}}
|area_km2 =
|elevation_m = 289
|country = Mexico
|country_admin_divisions_title = [[Mexican state|State]]
|country_admin_divisions = [[Baja California Sur]]
|population = Uninhabited
}}

'''Isla Coronados''', is an [[island]] in the [[Gulf of California]] east of the [[Baja California Peninsula]] in [[Baja California Sur]] state, [[Mexico]]. The island is uninhabited and is part of the [[Loreto Municipality, Baja California Sur|Loreto Municipality]].

==Ecology==

===Reptilian life===
Isla Coronados has 16 species of [[reptile]]s, including ''[[Aspidoscelis hyperythrus]]'' (orange-throated whiptail), ''[[Aspidoscelis tigris]]'' (tiger whiptail), ''[[Callisaurus draconoides]]'' (zebra-tailed lizard), ''[[Coleonyx variegatus]]'' (western banded gecko), ''[[Coluber fuliginosus]]'' (Baja California coachwhip), ''[[Crotalus enyo]]'' (Baja California rattlesnake), ''[[Crotalus ruber]]'' (red diamond rattlesnake), ''[[Dipsosaurus dorsalis]]'' (desert iguana), ''[[Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha]]'' (coast night snake), ''[[Hypsiglena slevini]]'' (Baja California night snake), ''[[Phyllodactylus nocticolus]]'' (peninsular leaf-toed gecko), ''[[Sauromalus slevini]]'' (Slevin's chuckwalla), ''[[Sceloporus orcutti]]'' (granite spiny lizard), ''[[Sceloporus zosteromus]]'' (Baja California spiny lizard), ''[[Urosaurus nigricauda]]'' (black-tailed brush lizard), and ''[[Uta stansburiana]]'' (common side-blotched lizard). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://herpatlas.sdnhm.org/places/overview/isla-coronados/68/1/|title=TheNAT :: Amphibian and Reptile Atlas of Peninsular California}}</ref>

==References==
{{Portal|Islands}}
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*[[John Steinbeck|Steinbeck, John]]; [[Ed Ricketts|Ricketts, Edward F.]] (1941). ''Sea of Cortez: A Leisurely Journal of Travel and Research, with a Scientific Appendix Comprising Materials for a Source Book on the Marine Animals of the Panamic Faunal Province''. New York: Viking Press. 598 pp. (Reprinted by Paul P. Appel Publications, 1971). {{ISBN|0-911858-08-3}}

[[Category:Islands of the Gulf of California]]
[[Category:Islands of Baja California Sur]]
[[Category:Loreto Municipality (Baja California Sur)]]
[[Category:Nature reserves in Mexico]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Baja California Sur]]
[[Category:Uninhabited islands of Mexico]]

Tortuga Island, Baja California Sur

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{{Short description|Island of Mexico in the Gulf of California}}
{{For|other islands with similar names|Tortuga Island (disambiguation){{!}}Tortuga Island}}
{{Infobox islands |name = Isla Tortuga
| image_name = Raffi kojian-baja-5438.jpg
| image_size = 250px
|image_caption =
| map = Mexico
| map_caption =
|location = [[Gulf of California]]
|coordinates= {{coord|27|26|42|N|111|52|51|W|region:MX_type:isle_scale:500000_source:INEGI}}
|area_km2 =
|elevation_m =
|country = Mexico
|country_admin_divisions_title = [[Mexican state|State]]
|country_admin_divisions = [[Baja California Sur]]
|population = uninhabited
}}
'''Isla Tortuga''' (Tortuga Island) is an island in the [[Gulf of California]], created relatively recently in geologic terms by the volcanism associated with the [[East Pacific Rise]]. It lies east-northeast of the city of [[Santa Rosalía, Baja California Sur|Santa Rosalía]], in [[Mulegé Municipality]]. It has a surface area of 11.374 km2 (4.39 sq mi).<ref>[http://mapserver.inegi.gob.mx/geografia/espanol/datosgeogra/extterri/frontera.cfm?c=920%20&i=e INEGI: ''Superficie continental e insular del territorio nacional''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722225444/http://mapserver.inegi.gob.mx/geografia/espanol/datosgeogra/extterri/frontera.cfm?c=920%20&i=e |date=2011-07-22 }} (in Spanish).</ref>

==Biology==
The [[Tortuga Island rattlesnake]] (''Crotalus tortugensis'') is a [[species]] [[Endemism|endemic]] to Isla Tortuga — it is found nowhere else. It is very abundant on the island and found everywhere on the island, except in the [[caldera]] of the volcano.<ref name=IUCN>{{Cite iucn | author = [[Darrel R. Frost|Frost DR]] | title = ''Crotalus tortugensis'' | volume = 2007 | page = e.T64336A12771629 | date = 2007 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64336A12771629.en | access-date = 10 January 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{Portal|Islands}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=1237526 Volcanic Ridges off Santa Rosalia, Baja California Sur, Gulf of California]
{{Islands of Gulf of California}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Islands of Baja California Sur]]
[[Category:Islands of the Gulf of California]]
[[Category:Volcanism of Mexico]]
[[Category:Nature reserves in Mexico]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Baja California Sur]]
[[Category:Uninhabited islands of Mexico]]

{{BajaCaliforniaSur-geo-stub}}

San Marcos, Baja California Sur

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{{Short description|Island in Baja California Sur, Mexico}}

{{Infobox islands
| name = San Marcos
| native_name = 
| native_name_link =
| native_name_lang =
| sobriquet = 
| image_name = Raffi kojian-baja-5442.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| image_caption = Aerial photo of San Marcos Island
| image_alt =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_size =
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| pushpin_map = Baja California Sur
| pushpin_label =
| pushpin_label_position =
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| coordinates = {{coord|27|12|43|N|112|04|25|W|type:isle_region:MX|display=title, inline}}
| etymology =
| location = [[Gulf of California]]
| grid_reference = 
| archipelago =
| waterbody =
| total_islands =
| major_islands =
| area_km2 = 28.748
| area_footnotes =
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| country = Mexico
| country_admin_divisions_title = State
| country_admin_divisions = Baja California Sur
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = Municipality
| country_admin_divisions_1 = [[Mulegé Municipality|Mulegé]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_2 =
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| population = 425
| population_as_of = 2005
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}}

'''San Marcos''' is an [[island]] located in the northern portion of [[Baja California Sur]], México. It faces the [[town]] of [[Santa Rosalía, Baja California Sur|Santa Rosalía]] on the [[Gulf of California]] near [[Tortuga Island, Baja California Sur|Isla Tortuga]]. The only town on the island is also named '''San Marcos'''. The island has a land area of 28.748 km2 (11.100 sq mi), the 18th-largest island in Mexico.<ref>[http://mapserver.inegi.gob.mx/geografia/espanol/datosgeogra/extterri/frontera.cfm?c=920%20&i=e Land area of islands in Mexico] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722225444/http://mapserver.inegi.gob.mx/geografia/espanol/datosgeogra/extterri/frontera.cfm?c=920%20&i=e |date=2011-07-22 }} [[INEGI]]</ref> Its population as of the 2005 census was 425 inhabitants. It is part of the [[Mulegé Municipality]].

==Geography ==
San Marcos is located at {{coord|27|12|43|N|112|04|25|W|type:isle_region:MX}}.

==Access==
A 1,125 meter long [[Isla San Marcos Airstrip|private-use dirt airstrip]] is located on the South coast of Isla San Marcos. Small boats located in San Bruno ferry people to the island, and back from the island

== Attractions ==
[[Fishing]] is the main attraction, being roughly in the middle of the Gulf of California.

==World War 2==
During World War II the area was heavily mined for gypsum which had many uses in the war.

==Notable people==
* [[Rodolfo Garayzar Anaya]], politician and trade unionist<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbcs.gob.mx/index.php/boletines-2018/3750-rinde-homenaje-el-congreso-del-estado-a-rodolfo-garayzar-anaya|title=Rinde homenaje el Congreso del Estado a Rodolfo Garayzar Anaya|publisher=[[Congress of Baja California Sur]]|date=8 December 2018|access-date=23 April 2023|language=es}}</ref>
* [[Mario Valenzuela]], baseball player

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Islands of Baja California Sur]]

{{BajaCaliforniaSur-geo-stub}}

Isla Santa Inés

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{{Short description|Island in the Gulf of California}}
{{Infobox islands |name = Isla Santa Inés
| image_name = Raffi kojian-baja-5450.jpg
| image_size = 250px
|image_caption = Aerial view of Isla Santa Inés
| map = Mexico
| map_caption =
|location = [[Gulf of California]]
|coordinates= {{coord|27|02|15.22|N|111|54|45.63|W|scale:1000000}}
|area_km2 =
|elevation_m = 20
|country = Mexico
|country_admin_divisions_title = [[Mexican state|State]]
|country_admin_divisions = [[Baja California Sur]]
|population = Uninhabited
}}

'''Isla Santa Inés''' is an [[island]] in the [[Gulf of California]] east of the [[Baja California Peninsula]]. The island is uninhabited and is part of the [[Mulegé Municipality]] in the Mexican state of [[Baja California Sur]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://datos.abiertos.inecc.gob.mx/Datos_abiertos_INECC/CGACC/DocumentosRIslasMarias/Eje2_InstrumentosDelTerritorioInsularMexicano/CatalogoInsularDelTerritorioMexicano.pdf |title=Catálogo Insular del territorio insular mexicano |language=Spanish |page=91 |publisher= INEGI}}</ref>

==Biology==
Isla Santa Inés has two [[species]] of [[reptile]]s: ''[[Callisaurus draconoides]]'' (zebra-tailed lizard) and ''[[Coleonyx variegatus]]'' (western banded gecko).<ref>{{Cite web|title=theNAT :: Amphibian and Reptile Atlas of Peninsular California|url=http://herpatlas.sdnhm.org/places/overview/islas-santa-inez/122/1/|access-date=2021-01-11|website=herpatlas.sdnhm.org}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book
| last1 = Williams | first1 = J.H.
| title = Baja Boaters Guide II: Sea of Cortez
| publisher = H.J. Williams Publications
| pages = 169
| date = August 1996
| isbn = 0-9616843-8-0 }}

[[Category:Islands of Baja California Sur]]
[[Category:Islands of the Gulf of California]]
[[Category:Uninhabited islands of Mexico]]

{{BajaCaliforniaSur-geo-stub}}

Isla del Carmen (Baja California)

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{{Infobox islands
|name = Isla Carmen
|image = Raffi kojian-baja-5472.jpg
|image_caption = Aerial view of part of Isla del Carmen
| map = Mexico
| map_caption =
|location = [[Gulf of California]] [[Loreto Municipality, Baja California Sur|Loreto Municipality]]
|coordinates= {{coord|25|58|39.2|N|111|09|14.23|W|scale:1000000}}
|area_km2 =
|elevation_m =
|country = Mexico
|country_admin_divisions_title = [[Mexican state|State]]
|country_admin_divisions = [[Baja California Sur]]
|population = Uninhabited
}}
[[File:Chapel of Our Lady of Carmen (35813016001).jpg|thumb|Isla del Carmen chapel]]
'''Isla del Carmen''' is an island of {{convert|15000|ha}}, located in the [[Gulf of California]], in [[Loreto Municipality, Baja California Sur|Loreto Municipality]] in the eastern portion of the state of [[Baja California Sur]], [[Mexico]]. The island is protected within Loreto Bay National Park which is within the [[UNESCO]] ''"Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of California"'' [[List of World Heritage Sites in Mexico|Mexican World Heritage Site]].

==History==
The tidal bay on the north east end of the island was the site of a [[salt mining]] facility run by the company Salinas del Pacifico SA de CV. The submerged remnants of a loading dock are still present off shore of the bay.<ref name=silvestre>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://ovis.org.mx/isla-el-carmen/&prev=search|title=Isla El Carmen|publisher=OVIS.org|accessdate=4 August 2018}}</ref> The island became part of the newly created [[Bahía de Loreto National Park]] in the 1970s.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2024/05/fishers-scientists-restore-mangroves-on-a-mexican-isle-wrecked-by-salt-mining/ |title=Fishers, scientists restore mangroves on a Mexican isle wrecked by salt mining |author=Astrid Arellano |work=Mongabay |date=13 May 2024 |access-date=20 May 2024}}</ref>

==Environment==
===Climate===
The island has a [[desert climate]] similar to that of the Sonoran desert.<ref name=silvestre/>
===Conservation===

Efforts to protect the island began in 1996 when the Vida Silvestre Organization, AC and Salinas del Pacifico SA de CV began a partnership to protect the native flora and fauna. Isla del Carmen supports many bird species, such as the [[brown pelican]] (Pelecanus occidentalis), the [[scissor-tailed flycatcher]], [[magnificent frigatebird]] (Fregata magnificent) and the [[blue-footed booby]] (Sula nebouxii) as well as various reptiles and rodent mammals. The island provides nesting sites for seabirds such as the [[yellow-footed gull]] (Larus livens), the [[osprey]] (Pandion haliaetus) and the [[American oystercatcher]] (Haematopus palliatus).<ref name=silvestre/>

A program to reestablish the once native [[Big Horn Sheep]] population on the island began in 1995. <ref name=silvestre/>

==References==
{{Portal|Islands}}
<references />

==External links==
*[http://www.frommers.com/destinations/loreto/716479#sthash.LYlUFUbp.dpbs Frommers.com: Loreto (Baja California Sur)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150712112959/http://yourshot.nationalgeographic.com/photos/1668355/ National Geographic.com: photo]

[[Category:Islands of Baja California Sur]]
[[Category:Islands of the Gulf of California]]
[[Category:Loreto Municipality (Baja California Sur)]]
[[Category:Uninhabited islands of Mexico]]

{{BajaCaliforniaSur-geo-stub}}

Isla Santa Catalina

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{{Short description|Island of Baja California Sur, Mexico}}
{{Other places|Santa Catalina (disambiguation){{!}}Santa Catalina#Places}}
{{Infobox islands |name = Isla Santa Catalina
| image_name = Raffi kojian-baja-5477.jpg
| image_size = 250px
|image_caption = Aerial photo of Isla Santa Catalina
| map = Mexico
| map_caption =
|location = [[Gulf of California]]
|coordinates= {{coord|25|39|9.53|N|110|46|51.25|W|scale:1000000}}
|area_km2 =
|elevation_m = 448
|country = Mexico
|country_admin_divisions_title = [[Mexican state|State]]
|country_admin_divisions = [[Baja California Sur]]
|population = Uninhabited
}}

'''Isla Santa Catalina''', officially known as '''Isla Catalana''',<ref name="Venegas1757">{{cite book|author=Miguel Venegas|title=Noticia De La California, Y De Su Conquista Temporal, Y Espiritual Hasta El Tiempo Presente|url=https://archive.org/details/noticiadelacalif01vene_0|year=1757|publisher=En la Imprenta de la Viuda De Manuel Fernandez, y del Supremo Consejo de la Inquisicion|pages=[https://archive.org/details/noticiadelacalif01vene_0/page/26 26]–}}</ref><ref name="Findlay20132">{{cite book|author=A. G. Findlay|title=A Directory for the Navigation of the Pacific Ocean, with Descriptions of Its Coasts, Islands, Etc.: From the Strait of Magalhaens to the Arctic Sea, and Those of Asia and Australia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gTMvnUc9PGgC&q=catalana+island&pg=PA302|date=28 March 2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-05972-5|pages=655–}}</ref><ref name="Estatal19902">{{cite book|author=Baja California Sur (Mexico). Dirección de la Crónica Estatal|title=Crónicas Baja California Sur - Editions 1-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E4xVAAAAMAAJ&q=Isla+Catalina+o+Catalana,+Baja+California+Sur|year=1990|publisher=Gobierno del Estado de Baja California Sur}}</ref> is an [[island]] in the [[Gulf of California]] east of the [[Baja Peninsula|Baja California Peninsula]]. The island is uninhabited and is part of the [[Loreto Municipality, Baja California Sur|Loreto Municipality]].

The island is located south of the Gulf of California and is located 25 km from the peninsula of Baja California. It has about 13 km long and 4 km wide maximum with total area of 39.273 square kilometers. ''Isla Catalana'', being uninhabited, is separated by the sea from the nearest town, Loreto, which lies about 60 km away.

== Official name ==
The official and traditional name of the island is “Isla Catalana”.<ref name="Venegas17572">{{cite book|author=Miguel Venegas|title=Noticia De La California, Y De Su Conquista Temporal, Y Espiritual Hasta El Tiempo Presente: Sacada De La Historia Manvscrita, Formada en Mexico año de 1739. por el Padre Miguèl Venegas, de la Compañia de Jesus; y de otras Noticias, y Relaciones antiguas, y modernas. Añadida De Algunos Mapas Particulares, y uno general de la America Septentrional, Assia Oriental, y Mar del Sùr intermedio, formados sobre las Memorias mas recientes, y exactas, que se publìcan juntamente. Dedicada Al Rey N.Tro Señor Por La Provincia De Neueva-España, de la Compañia de Jesus. Tomo Primero|url=https://archive.org/details/noticiadelacalif01vene_0|year=1757|publisher=En la Imprenta de la Viuda De Manuel Fernandez, y del Supremo Consejo de la Inquisicion|pages=[https://archive.org/details/noticiadelacalif01vene_0/page/26 26]–}}</ref><ref name="Findlay20132"/><ref name="Estatal19902"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://expediciones.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/isla-catalana.html |title=Isla Catalana. |access-date=2017-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425204957/https://expediciones.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/isla-catalana.html |archive-date=2017-04-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Alamán1836">{{cite book|author=Lucas Alamán|title=Diccionario universal de historia y de geografía: Apéndice. Colección de artículos relativos á la Republica Mexicana por José María Andrade [y otros]|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_DewMAAAAYAAJ|year=1836|publisher=Andrade y Escalante|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_DewMAAAAYAAJ/page/n752 745]–}}</ref><ref name="Kilian1825">{{cite book|author=Kilian|title=Dictionnaire géographique universel contenant la description de tous les lieux du globe intéressans sous le rapport de la géographie physique et politique, de l'histoire, de la statistique, du commerce, de l'industrie, etc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F4kK4Tc4zkEC&pg=PA429|year=1825|publisher=A.-J. Kilian|pages=429–}}</ref><ref name="Mofras1844">{{cite book|author=Eugène D. ¬de Mofras|title=Exploration du territoire de l'Orégon, des Californies et de la mer Vermeille: exécutée pendant les années 1840, 1841 et 1842|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0q06AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA222|year=1844|publisher=Bertrand|pages=222–}}</ref> The confusion was caused by some documents of cartographic service of the United States, that wrote in a chart the name “Isla Santa Catalina”.<ref name="Dickey1983">{{cite book|author=Kathleen Johnson Dickey|title=A natural history guide to Baja California|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8sMTAQAAIAAJ&q=called+Isla+Catalana.+In+the+mid+1850s+when+the+U.S.+Navy+charted+the+Gulf+the+mapmakers+changed+the+name+to+Isla+Santa+Catalina.|year=1983|publisher=Kathleen Johnson Dickey}}</ref>{{quote| Originally named Isla Catalan, it was frequently called Isla Catalana. In the mid 1850s when the U.S. Navy charted the Gulf the mapmakers changed the name to Isla Santa Catalina.| A natural history guide to Baja California. Kathleen Johnson Dickey. 1983.}}In some scientific papers, authors use both names. The official Mexican name of Isla catalana, and the one that became internationally spread by error.<ref>[http://eco.ib.usp.br/labvert/Arnaud%20et%20al%20hist%20nat%20C%20catalinensis.pdf HISTORIA NATURAL DE LA SERPIENTE DE CASCABEL Crotalus catalinensis, ENDÉMICA DE LA ISLA SANTA CATALINA, GOLFO DE CALIFORNIA, MEXICO. Serpiente de cascabel endémica de la isla Catalana (Parque Nacional Bahía de Loreto)]</ref><ref name="Grismer2002">{{cite book|author=L. Lee Grismer|title=Amphibians and Reptiles of Baja California, Including Its Pacific Islands and the Islands in the Sea of Cortés|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3TgaUSd0lUQC&pg=PT360|date=16 September 2002|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-92520-5|pages=360–}}</ref><ref name="Jordán1995">{{cite book|author=Fernando Jordán|title=Mar Roxo de Cortés: biografía de un golfo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u6K3nRy2z1YC&pg=PA156|date=1 January 1995|publisher=UABC|isbn=978-968-7326-25-2|pages=156–}}</ref><ref name="Sánchez2005">{{cite book|author=Oscar Sánchez|title=Temas sobre restauración ecológica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7oZix0puXbgC&pg=PA223|year=2005|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Ecología|isbn=978-968-817-724-2|pages=223–}}</ref>

==Biology==
[[File: Ladder-back Woodpecker on Cactus.jpg|thumb|220px|''[[Picoides scalaris]]'']]

=== Flora ===
*''Ferocactus diguetii''.<ref name="Aitchison2010">{{cite book|author=Aitchison, Stewart W.|title=The Desert Islands of Mexico's Sea of Cortez|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nQVS9EDmfhQC&pg=PA32|year=2010|publisher=University of Arizona Press|isbn=978-0-8165-2774-8|pages=32–}}</ref>
**This previous variety of cactus discovered by Leon Diguet<ref name="DiguetBois1928">{{cite book|author1=Diguet, Léon|author2=Désiré Bois|author3=André Guillaumin|title=Les cactacées utiles du Mexique|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=epJXAAAAMAAJ|year=1928|publisher=Au siège de la Société}} (in French).</ref> and endemic to the islands of the Sea of Cortés, grows the tallest specimens on Isla Catalana.<ref>[http://www.sdnhm.org/oceanoasis/fieldguide/fero-dig.html ''Ferocactus diguetii'', Barrel Cactus, Biznaga]</ref>

===Fauna===

====Birds====
*''[[Picoides scalaris]]''
*''[[Melanerpes uropygialis]]''
*''[[Zenaida asiatica]]''
*''[[Amphispiza bilineata]]''
*''[[Cardinalis cardinalis]]''
*''[[Haemorhous mexicanus]]''

====Reptiles====
[[File: Gfp-santa-cataline-island-rattlesnake.jpg|thumb|220px|''[[Crotalus catalinensis]]'']]
Isla Catalana has 10 species of [[reptile]]s, including the following seven [[Endemism|endemic]] species.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://herpatlas.sdnhm.org/places/overview/isla-santa-catalina/114/1/|title=TheNAT :: Amphibian and Reptile Atlas of Peninsular California}}</ref>
*''[[Aspidoscelis catalinensis]]'' (Isla Santa Catalina whiptail)
*''[[Crotalus catalinensis]]'' (Santa Catalina Island rattlesnake)
*''[[Dipsosaurus catalinensis]]'' (Isla Santa Catalina desert iguana)
*''[[Lampropeltis catalinensis]]'' (Isla Santa Catalina kingsnake)
*''[[Phyllodactylus bugastrolepis]]'' (Santa Catalina Island leaf-toed gecko)
*''[[Sceloporus lineatulus]]'' (Isla Santa Catalina spiny lizard)
*''[[Uta squamata]]'' (Isla Santa Catalina side-blotched lizard)

==See also==
{{Portal|Islands}}
* [[Nicolás de Cardona]]
* [[Tomás de Cardona]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [http://mapcarta.com/20314864 Island's location map]
*{{cite book
| last1 = Williams | first1 = J.H.
| title = Baja Boaters Guide II: Sea of Cortez.
| publisher = H.J. Williams Publications
| pages = 133
| date = August 1996
| isbn = 0-9616843-8-0 }}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Islands of Baja California Sur]]
[[Category:Islands of the Gulf of California]]
[[Category:Loreto Municipality (Baja California Sur)]]
[[Category:Uninhabited islands of Mexico]]
[[Category:Islands of Mexico]]

{{BajaCaliforniaSur-geo-stub}}

The Estée Lauder Companies

2024-07-10T04:11:05Z

RaffiKojian: /* Operations and finances */

{{Short description|American multinational cosmetics company}}
{{Infobox company
| name = The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
| logo = Estée Lauder Companies Logo.svg
| logo_size =
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{NYSE|EL}} (Class A)|[[S&P 500]] component}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|1946}} in {{nowrap|[[New York City]], U.S.}}
| founders = {{ubl|[[Estée Lauder (businesswoman)|Estée Lauder]]|Joseph Lauder}}
| hq_location = [[General Motors Building (Manhattan)|General Motors Building]]
| hq_location_city = New York City
| hq_location_country= U.S.
| key_people = {{ubl|[[William P. Lauder]]|(Executive Chairman)|[[Fabrizio Freda]] |(President and CEO)}}
| owner = [[Lauder family]] (38% equity, 86% voting)<ref name=Lauder>{{cite web|title= The Estée Lauder Companies Ownership Profile |url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/investors/stock-information/ownership-profile |website= elcompanies.com |access-date=3 April 2023}}</ref>
| industry = [[Cosmetic industry]]
| brands = [[#Brands|See § Brands]]
| products = {{hlist|Skin care|makeup|perfume|hair care}}
| revenue = {{decrease}} {{US$|15.9 billion|link=yes}} (2023)
| operating_income = {{decrease}} {{US$|1.51 billion}} (2023)
| net_income = {{decrease}} {{US$|1.01 billion}} (2023)
| assets = {{increase}} {{US$|23.4 billion}} (2023)
| equity = {{decrease}} {{US$|5.59 billion}} (2023)
| num_employees = 62,000 (2023)
| website = {{URL|elcompanies.com}}
| footnotes = Financials {{as of|2023|06|30|lc=y|df=US}}.<ref name=Annual10K2023>{{cite web|title= The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. FY 2023 Annual Report (Form 10-K) |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1001250/000100125023000112/el-20230630.htm |date=8 August 2023 |publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission}}</ref>
}}

'''The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛ|s|t|eɪ|_|ˈ|l|ɔː|d|ər}} {{respell|EST|ay|_|LAW|dər}}; stylized as '''ESTĒE LAUDER''') is an American multinational cosmetics company, a manufacturer and marketer of [[makeup]], [[skincare]], [[perfume]], and hair care products, based in [[Midtown Manhattan]], [[New York City]]. It is the second largest cosmetics company in the world after [[L'Oréal]]. The company owns a diverse portfolio of brands, including [[La Mer (cosmetics)|La Mer]], [[Jo Malone London]], [[Clinique]] and [[Tom Ford Beauty]], among many more, distributed internationally through both [[digital commerce]] and [[retail|retail channels]].

==History==
[[File:Estee and Joseph H. Lauder at a Red Cross Ball at The Breakers in Palm Beach. BM00538 (crop).jpg|thumb|Founders [[Estée Lauder (businesswoman)|Estée and Joseph H. Lauder]] in 1971]]

The company began in 1946 when [[Estée Lauder (businesswoman)|Estée Lauder]] and her husband Joseph began producing cosmetics in New York City. They first carried only four products: Cleansing Oil, [[Lotion|Skin Lotion]], Super Rich All-purpose Creme, and Creme Pack.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?httpsredir=1&article=1553&context=utk_chanhonoproj |title=The Estee Lauder Companies Background and History |first=Ashley Brooke |last=Howerton |website=University of Tennessee}}</ref> Two years later, in 1948 they established their first [[department store]] account with [[Saks Fifth Avenue]] in [[Manhattan]].

Over the next 15 years, they expanded the range and continued to sell their products in the United States. In 1960, the company started its first international account in the London department store [[Harrods]]. The following year it opened an office in [[Hong Kong]].

In 1964, they introduced [[Aramis (fragrance)|Aramis]], a line of fragrance and grooming products for men named after an exotic Turkish root originally used as an aphrodisiac.<ref>[http://www.elcompanies.com/who-we-are/key-moments#1964-aramis Aramis] elcompanies.com</ref> In 1967, Estée Lauder herself was named one of ten Outstanding Women in Business in the United States by business and financial editors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/423/3424.html|title=Cosmetics billionairess, Estée Lauder, dies|website=www.bizcommunity.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref> This was followed by a Spirit of Achievement Award from [[Albert Einstein College of Medicine]] at [[Yeshiva University]] in 1968.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}} In that year, the company expanded again, opening [[Clinique]], a [[dermatologist]]-guided (Dr. [[Norman Orentreich]]), [[allergy]]-tested, fragrance-free cosmetic brand.

Estée Lauder's Clinique [[brand]] became the first women's cosmetic company to introduce a second line for men when, in 1976, they began a separate line called "Skin Supplies for Men", which continues to be sold at Clinique counters worldwide. In 1981, the company's products became available in the [[Soviet Union]].

In the 1990s, brand acquisitions and licensing agreements contributed to explosive growth as the company transformed from a family-owned business to a publicly traded, family-controlled organization. The decade opened with the creation of Origins – the first wellness brand in U.S. department stores. The first licensing agreement for fragrances was with fashion designer [[Tommy Hilfiger]] in 1993, followed by [[Kiton]],<ref>[https://www.elcompanies.com/our-brands/kiton Kiton] elcompanies.com</ref> an Italian fashion house (1995), and with American fashion designer [[Donna Karan]] (1997).<ref name="Key moments">[http://www.elcompanies.com/who-we-are/key-moments Who we are: Key moments] elcompanies.com</ref>

Brand acquisitions began with an investment in the Toronto-based [[MAC Cosmetics]] in 1994, which the company then acquired in 1998. [[Bobbi Brown Cosmetics]], designed by the celebrated makeup artist, was acquired in 1995, as was [[La Mer (cosmetics)|La Mer]] – along with the original recipe for its supreme luxury product, Crème de la Mer, containing the nutrient-rich Miracle Broth. The company ventured into its first hair care and holistic beauty brand with [[Aveda]] in 1997. The fragrance house [[Jo Malone London]] was acquired in 1999.<ref name="Key moments" />

On November 16, 1995, the Estée Lauder Companies [[Initial public offering|went public]] on the [[New York Stock Exchange]] at $26.00 a share ($6.50 on a post-split basis).<ref>[https://www.elcompanies.com/investors#when-was-the-estee-lauder-ompanies-initial-public-offering-and-at-what-price-did-it-go-public Investors] elcompanies.com</ref>

Acquisitions and licensing continued in the 2000s as the Estée Lauder Companies bought a majority interest in the hair salon [[Bumble and bumble]] and completed its acquisition in 2006; an exclusive global licensing agreement was signed with fashion designer [[Michael Kors]] (2003). Designer [[Tom Ford]] begins a project with the company and later an agreement was signed with him (2005) to develop and distribute fragrances and cosmetics under the Tom Ford Beauty brand.<ref name="Key moments" />

On July 1, 2010, the company acquired [[Smashbox]] Beauty Cosmetics, Inc., a brand created in Smashbox Studios in [[Culver City, California]], by brothers Dean and Davis Factor (as in [[Max Factor|Max]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investors.elcompanies.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=109458&p=irol-newsarticle&id=1443800&highlight= |title=ESTÉE LAUDER COMPANIES - Investor Relations - News Release |publisher=Investors.elcompanies.com |access-date=2015-07-17}}</ref>

[[File:Estée Lauder MYER Sydney City 2013.jpg|thumb|250px|The large Estée Lauder cosmetics counter at [[Myer|MYER]] Sydney City]]
[[File:Estée Lauder Farmers Dunedin 2013.jpg|thumb|250px|Small-medium-sized pre-2013 style counter at New Zealand retailer [[Farmers Trading Company|Farmers]]]]
On October 28, 2011, Aramis and Designer Fragrances, a division of the Estée Lauder Companies Inc., and [[Tory Burch LLC]] announced the signing of a multiyear agreement for the exclusive worldwide license of the Tory Burch fragrance business. This partnership marked Tory Burch's first step into the beauty industry. The first [[Tory Burch]] fragrance products were introduced in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investors.elcompanies.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=109458&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1623164&highlight= |title=ESTÉE LAUDER COMPANIES - Investor Relations - News Release |publisher=Investors.elcompanies.com |access-date=2015-07-17}}</ref>

In 2012, the company launched [[Aerin Lauder|AERIN Beauty]], a luxury lifestyle beauty and fragrance brand inspired by the signature style of its founder, [[Aerin Lauder]].

In 2014, the company acquired two insider beauty brands, RODIN olio lusso, a skin care brand known for its "Luxury Face Oil", and [[Le Labo]], a fragrance and sensory lifestyle brand. Later that year, the company also made its first investment in India by buying a minority stake in [[Forest Essentials]], a luxury cosmetics company specializing in [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] products.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fashion-/-cosmetics-/-jewellery/estee-lauder-to-up-stake-in-forest-essentials/articleshow/45556119.cms?from=mdr |title=Estee Lauder to up stake in Forest Essentials |publisher=Economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2014-12-18 |access-date=2020-01-04}}</ref> In 2015, the company acquired [[Frédéric Malle#Editions de Parfum Frédéric Malle|Editions de Parfums Frédéric Malle]], a fragrance brand, and GLAMGLOW, a Hollywood skin care brand.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elcompanies.com/Pages/Fact-Sheet.aspx |title=Fact Sheet FY 2014 |publisher=Elcompanies.com |access-date=2015-07-17}}</ref>

In 2016, the company acquired Becca Cosmetics, its first color cosmetic group acquisition since Smashbox in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/news-and-media/newsroom/company-features/2016/welcoming-becca-to-the-estee-lauder-companies|title=Welcoming BECCA to The Estée Lauder Companies|website=www.elcompanies.com}}</ref> In November 2016, the company made its largest acquisition to date by acquiring California-based cosmetics company Too Faced for US$1.45 billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/chloesorvino/2016/11/15/estee-lauder-family-acquisition-billion-too-faced/#5a7765f941f9 |title=Did Too Faced Founders Cash Out Too Early? Sale To Estee Lauder Suggests Yes |website=Forbes|date=2016-11-15 |access-date=2017-02-15}}</ref>

In 2019, the company acquired Dr. Jart+. Founded in Korea in 2004, Dr. Jart+ pioneered the invention of BB Cream, setting the standard for multifunctional beauty.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Jart+|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/our-brands/dr-jart-plus|access-date=2020-08-17|website=www.elcompanies.com|language=en}}</ref>

In 2021, the company acquired Canadian-based Deciem Beauty Group Inc.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Estée Lauder Companies to Increase Its Ownership in DECIEM|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/news-and-media/newsroom/press-releases/2021/02-23-2021-114517626 |access-date=2021-08-29|website=www.elcompanies.com|language=en}}</ref> In 2022, Estée Lauder opened a 300,000 sq ft. distribution center in Galgenen, Switzerland.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Georgina |last=Caldwell |date=2022-06-13 |title=The Estee Lauder Companies cuts ribbon on new distribution center for travel retail channel |url=https://www.globalcosmeticsnews.com/the-estee-lauder-companies-cuts-ribbon-on-new-distribution-center-for-travel-retail-channel/ |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=Global Cosmetics News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In November 2022, the company announced it was to acquire the designer fashion house [[Tom Ford (brand)|Tom Ford]] in a deal worth $2.8bn, with [[Tom Ford|Ford]] remaining as creative director until at least 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Estee Lauder to buy designer brand Tom Ford |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-63642175 |website=BBC News |publisher=BBC |access-date=16 November 2022}}</ref>

In 2024, the company announced its partnership with Messika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Estée Lauder et Messika dévoilent leur collaboration. |url=https://www.journalduluxe.fr/fr/beaute/messika-estee-lauder-collaboration-creme-nutriv-diamant |access-date=18 March 2024 |website=Journal du Luxe}}</ref>

In June 2024, Estée Lauder completes acquisition of DECIEM Beauty Group.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Le groupe Estée Lauder finalise l’acquisition de DECIEM Beauty Group |url=https://luxus-plus.com/le-groupe-estee-lauder-finalise-lacquisition-de-deciem-beauty-group/ |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=Journal du Luxe}}</ref>

===Response to the COVID-19 pandemic===
In response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] the Estée Lauder Companies announced on August 20, 2020, a [[Layoff|reduction]] in their workforce by 1,500 to 2,000 personnel worldwide, or about 3 percent of total employees. Most of the reductions will be support workers and store employees. The company also announce they would be closing approximately 10 to 15 percent of their stores, close in-store beauty counters, and focus more on digital operations.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhasin |first1=Kim |last2=Porter |first2=Gerald Jr. |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-08-20/estee-lauder-to-cut-as-many-as-2-000-jobs-as-covid-hits-sales |title=Estee Lauder to Trim 3% of Global Workforce to Curb Costs |work=[[Bloomberg Business]] |date=2020-08-20 |access-date=2020-08-20 }}</ref>

==Marketing==
The Estée Lauder company has many brands and Estée Lauder is one of the brands. It has had sometimes high-profile spokesmodels, sometimes referred to simply as 'faces'. Past 'faces' for Estée Lauder include [[Karen Graham]], [[Bruce Boxleitner]], [[Shaun Casey]], [[Willow Bay]], [[Paulina Porizkova]], [[Elizabeth Hurley]], [[Carolyn Murphy]], supermodel [[Liya Kebede]] – the first African 'face' of Estee Lauder, [[Anja Rubik]], and actress [[Gwyneth Paltrow]]. {{As of|2008}} the main spokesmodel for Estée Lauder was supermodel [[Hilary Rhoda]]. In 2010, the company added three more faces to the roster, Chinese model [[Liu Wen (model)|Liu Wen]], Puerto Rican model [[Joan Smalls]], and French model [[Constance Jablonski]].<ref name= model.com>{{cite web|url=http://models.com/oftheminute/?p=17176 |title= The New Faces of Beauty: Of the Minute|work=models.com|access-date=2010-04-16}}</ref>

In 2015, Estée Lauder signed model [[Kendall Jenner]] to promote the brand.<ref>[http://fashionista.com/2014/11/kendall-jenner-estee-lauder Kendall Jenner and Estée Lauder] fashionista.com November 2014</ref>

In 2017, the company announced Violette Serrat as their Global Beauty Director.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://uk.fashionnetwork.com/news/Violette-named-new-global-beauty-director-for-Estee-Lauder,841754.html#.XAAz7VVKjIU|title=Violette named new global beauty director for Estée Lauder|last=Jensen|first=FashionNetwork.com,Emily|work=FashionNetwork.com|access-date=2018-11-29|language=en-UK}}</ref>

Alvin Chereskin, the founder of AC&R, was the long-time creative partner of the company.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Elliott|first=Stuart|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/15/business/media-business-advertising-alvin-chereskin-longtime-force-beauty-advertising.html|title=THE MEDIA BUSINESS: Advertising;Alvin Chereskin, a longtime force in beauty advertising, gives up retirement for Fresh Carats.|date=1995-12-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-03-05|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Current roster of Estée Lauder Global Ambassadors include [[Ana de Armas]], [[Amanda Gorman]], [[Bianca Brandolini d'Adda]], [[Carolyn Murphy]], [[Grace Elizabeth]], [[Imaan Hammam]], [[Karlie Kloss]], [[Manushi Chhillar]] and [[Yang Mi]]. In 2024, the company announced singer, songwriter and actress, [[IU (singer)|IU]], as their first Korean Global Brand Ambassador.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Estée Lauder Signs Korean Singer and Actress IU as New Global Brand Ambassador |url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/news-and-media/newsroom/press-releases/2024/04-11-2024-120032323 |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=www.elcompanies.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Estée Lauder signs singer IU as first Korean Global Brand Ambassador |url=https://cosmeticsbusiness.com/est%C3%A9e-lauder-signs-iu-as-global-brand-ambassador |access-date=15 April 2024 |website=Cosmetics Business}}</ref>

==Operations and finances==

===Finances===
For fiscal year 2016, the Estée Lauder Companies achieved net sales of $11.26 billion, a 4% increase compared with $10.78 billion in the prior year. Net earnings for the year were $1.11 billion, a 2% increase compared with $1.09 billion in the previous year, and diluted net earnings per common share rose 5% to $2.96, compared with $2.82 reported in the prior year.<ref>http://www.elcompanies.com/~/media/Files/E/Estee-Lauder/investors/toolkit/4qtr16.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> As of 2018, Estée Lauder Companies ranked 258 on the [[Fortune 500]] list of the largest United States corporations by revenue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fortune.com/fortune500/estee-lauder/|title=Estee Lauder|website=Fortune|language=en-US|access-date=2018-11-25}}</ref>

===Executive management===
[[Leonard Lauder|Leonard A. Lauder]] is chairman emeritus. [[William P. Lauder]] is executive chairman. [[Fabrizio Freda]] is president and chief executive officer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elcompanies.com/Pages/Our-Leaders.aspx |title=Our Leaders |publisher=Elcompanies.com |access-date=2015-07-17}}</ref>

===International operations===
[[Jeanette Sarkisian Wagner]] was president of the company's International Operations division, who quickly introduced the brand's product line to the women of the Soviet Union and China when those countries began to open up in the 1980s and ’90s. Under Wagner, the division went from a small and relatively unprofitable arm of Estee Lauder to one that brought in about half of the company's revenue. She oversaw the opening of the company's first location in the USSR one week after the fall of the Berlin Wall.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/18/business/jeanette-wagner-dead.html</ref> Wagner launched marketing campaigns in over 100 countries for the company.<ref>https://www.marketwatch.com/story/a-former-estee-lauder-executive-wanted-to-create-a-harvard-scholarship-for-students-of-armenian-descent-the-school-turned-her-down-ac6f91d3</ref>

==Breast Cancer Awareness campaign==
In October 1992, the Breast Cancer Awareness campaign was launched by [[Evelyn Lauder]] (Estée's daughter-in-law) who co-created the "Pink Ribbon"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.esteelauder.com.au/estee-stories-article-history-of-the-pink-ribbon-breast-cancer-awareness |title=Breast Cancer Awareness | Estée Stories Blog |publisher=esteelauder.com |access-date=2020-01-04}}</ref> with ''[[Self (magazine)|Self]]'' magazine as a symbol of breast health. Since then, millions of people globally have heard the message about the importance of breast health and early detection can save lives.
The Estée Lauder Companies' annual Breast Cancer Awareness campaign involves all of the 19 brands that make up the Estée Lauder Companies. They collectively represent [[The Breast Cancer Research Foundation]]'s first and largest corporate supporter.

Since 1992, the Estée Lauder Companies' Breast Cancer campaign has raised more than $89 Million globally for lifesaving research, education, and medical services.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Breast Cancer Campaign|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/our-commitments/the-breast-cancer-campaign|access-date=2020-08-17|website=www.elcompanies.com|language=en}}</ref>

==Brands==
The Estée Lauder Companies brands include:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elcompanies.com/pages/our-brands.aspx |title=Our Brands |publisher=Elcompanies.com |date=2011-03-22 |access-date=2015-07-17}}</ref>

{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}'''Cosmetics'''
* [[AERIN Beauty]]
* [[Bobbi Brown]]
* [[Clinique]]
* DECIEM by [[Brandon Truaxe]]
* [[Dr. Jart+]]
* Estée Lauder
* [[GLAMGLOW]]
* La Mer
* [[Lab Series]]
* [[MAC Cosmetics]]
* [[Origins (cosmetics)|Origins]]
* [[Darphin Paris]]
* [[Smashbox]]
* [[Too Faced]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Estee Lauder Is Buying This Cosmetics Brand for $1.45 Billion|url=http://fortune.com/2016/11/15/estee-lauder-too-faced-deal/|website=Fortune|access-date=15 November 2016|date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* [[Tom Ford Beauty]]
{{Col-break}}'''Fragrance'''
* [[Aramis (fragrance)|Aramis]]
* [[Kilian Paris]]
* [[Frédéric Malle#Editions de Parfum Frédéric Malle|Editions de Parfums Frédéric Malle]]
* [[Jo Malone London]]
* [[Lauder (Fragrances)]]
* [[Le Labo]]

'''Haircare'''
* [[Aveda]]
* [[Bumble and bumble]]
{{col-end}}

==Controversies==
{{criticism section|section|date=March 2021}}

===SOPA===
Estée Lauder Companies appeared on lists of major companies supporting [[SOPA]], the controversial, but unsuccessful, Congressional anti-piracy bill that was considered overreaching by critics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gizmodo.com/5870241|title=All the Companies Supporting SOPA, the Awful Internet Censorship Law—and How to Contact Them|publisher=Gizmodo.com|access-date=2015-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://judiciary.house.gov/issues/Rogue%20Websites/SOPA%20Supporters.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111227040857/http://judiciary.house.gov/issues/Rogue%20Websites/SOPA%20Supporters.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-12-27|title=List of Supporters: H.R. 3261, the Stop Online Piracy Act|publisher=Judiciary.house.gov|access-date=2015-07-17}}</ref>

===Child labor===
In 2001, it was reported that [[Twelve Tribes communities#Child labor and homeschooling|children]] were discovered working in a factory in [[Cambridge, New York]], making products for Origins, one of Estee Lauder's natural products brands. The contracted company was Common Sense Natural Soap & Bodycare, owned by a group led by cult leader [[Twelve Tribes communities|Yoneq Gene Spriggs]]. Estee Lauder said it immediately moved to terminate the contract with the manufacturer it had been in business with for 5 years, stating it was totally unaware prior to the initial inspection.<ref>{{cite news |author=Jeane MacIntosh |url=https://nypost.com/2001/04/09/state-probes-cult-in-child-labor-scandal-acting-on-heels-of-post-report/ |title=State probes cult in child-labor scandal – acting on heels of post report|work=[[New York Post]] |date=April 9, 2001| access-date=April 9, 2018}}</ref>

===Animal testing===
The Estée Lauder Companies perform non-animal and human volunteer testing to assess product safety and efficacy. Estée Lauder Companies product goes through [[animal testing]] where required by law by its country government. The Chinese government [[Animal testing regulations|requires]] testing on animals for many cosmetic products.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/19/in-china-big-cosmetics-firms-are-selling-products-tested-on-animals.html |title=In China, big cosmetics firms are selling products tested on animals |website=[[CNBC]] |access-date=April 1, 2018}}</ref> This causes controversy for smaller brands that are "cruelty free" but were acquired by Estée Lauder.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-22|title=These Beauty Brands Are Still Tested on Animals|url=https://www.peta.org/living/personal-care-fashion/beauty-brands-that-you-thought-were-cruelty-free-but-arent/|access-date=2022-01-31|website=PETA|language=en-US}}</ref>

===Boycott and anti-boycott===
[[Image:ES val banner.jpg|thumb|150px|QUIT activists protesting Estée Lauder Companies, 2004.]]
Since at least February 2001, Estée Lauder and its brands have been the target of a [[boycott]] campaign led by pro-[[Palestinian nationalism|Palestine activists]] who have targeted the corporation because of the [[Israel lobby in the United States|pro-Israel]] activities of [[Ronald Lauder]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inminds.co.uk/boycott-estee-lauder.html|title=Boycott Israel Campaign|access-date=August 6, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/inboxer/boycotts/lauder.asp|title=American Muslims for Jerusalem have called for a boycott of Estee Lauder products|date=May 30, 2002 |publisher=[[Snopes]]|access-date=August 6, 2006}}</ref> In June 2003, the San Francisco-based [[Queers Undermining Israeli Terrorism]] (QUIT) took up the boycott with their "Estée Slaughter" campaign.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.quitpalestine.org/esteeslaughter/esteeindex.html|title=Queers Undermining Israeli Terrorism|access-date=August 6, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060708211054/http://quitpalestine.org/esteeslaughter/esteeindex.html|archive-date=July 8, 2006|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The boycott has generated an [[anti-boycott]] campaign by supporters of Israel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jdl.org/action/armchair/estee_lauder.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020607110614/http://jdl.org/action/armchair/estee_lauder.html|archive-date=June 7, 2002|title=Armchair Activist: Buy Estee Lauder Products|date=May 11, 2001|access-date=August 6, 2006}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

{{Portal|New York City|Companies}}
* [http://www.elcompanies.com/ Estée Lauder Companies Inc. website]
* Exploring the Enchanting World of [https://lyricszee.in/exploring-the-enchanting-world-of-estee-lauder-usa-official-site/ Estee Lauder USA Official Site].{{Finance links
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{{Estée Lauder Companies |state=expanded}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Estee Lauder Companies}}
[[Category:Estée Lauder Companies| ]]
[[Category:Cosmetics companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Companies based in Manhattan]]
[[Category:History of cosmetics]]
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The Estée Lauder Companies

2024-07-10T04:09:45Z

RaffiKojian: International Operations division under president Jeanette Sarkisian Wagner

Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Aghtamar

2024-07-10T00:49:33Z

RaffiKojian: swapping it out again for closer shot

{{Short description|Armenian church in Lake Van, Turkey}}
{{Infobox religious building
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| caption = The cathedral
| map_type = Turkey
| map_size = 275
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| location = [[Akdamar Island]], [[Lake Van]], Turkey
| geo = {{coord|38.3403|43.0369|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Armenian Apostolic Church]]
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| architect = Manuel
| architecture_type =
| architecture_style = [[Armenian architecture|Armenian]]
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| year_completed = 921
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The '''Cathedral of the Holy Cross''' ({{lang-hy|Սուրբ Խաչ եկեղեցի|translit=Surp Khachʿ egeghetsʿi}}, {{lang-tr|Akdamar Kilisesi}} or {{Lang|tr|Surp Haç Kilisesi}}) on [[Aghtamar Island]], in [[Lake Van]] in eastern [[Turkey]], is a medieval [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian Apostolic]] cathedral, built as a palatine church for the kings of [[Vaspurakan]] and later serving as the seat of the [[Catholicosate of Aghtamar]].

==History==
[[Image:Akdamar Church.JPG|thumb|right|A detail of David and Goliath from the cathedral]]
[[File:Akhtamar Island on Lake Van with the Armenian Cathedral of the Holy Cross.jpg|thumb|General view of [[Akdamar Island]] in springtime]]
[[File:Akdamar adasında bahar.jpg|thumb|General view of [[Akdamar Island]] in springtime]]
During his reign, King [[Gagik I Artsruni]] (r. 908–943/944) of the Armenian [[Vaspurakan|kingdom of Vaspurakan]] chose the island of Aght'amar as one of his residences, founding a settlement there.<ref name="Harutyunyan">{{in lang|hy}} [[Varazdat Harutyunyan|Harutyunyan, V. M.]], "Chartarapetut'yun," [Architecture], in ''Hay zhoghovrdi patmutyun'' [History of the Armenian People], vol. 3 (Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1976), pp. 381–384.</ref> The only structure standing from that period is the cathedral. It was built of pink volcanic tufa(tuff){{citation needed|date=December 2010}} by the architect-monk Manuel during the years 915–921, with an interior measuring 14.80 m by 11.5 m and the dome reaching 20.40 m above ground. In later centuries, and until 1915, it formed part of a monastic complex, the ruins of which can still be seen to the south of the church.

Between 1116 and 1895 Aght'amar Island was the location of the [[Catholicos of Armenia|Armenian Catholicosate]] of Aght'amar. Khachatur III, who died in 1895, was the last [[Catholicos]] of Aght'amar.<ref name=hewsen>{{cite book | last = Hewsen | first = Robert H. | title = Armenia: A Historical Atlas | year = 2001 |location = Chicago | publisher = [[University of Chicago Press]] | isbn= 0-226-33228-4 | page = 208 }}</ref> In 1915, during the [[Armenian genocide]], the church was looted, and the monastic buildings destroyed<ref>Hewsen. ''Armenia'', p. 232.</ref> and in July 1916 the Catholicosate was abolished by the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref>Kieser, Hans-Lukas. ''Talaat Pasha: Father of Modern Turkey, Architect of Genocide'' (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018), p. 262.</ref>

The church remained in disuse through the decades after 1915. When the writer and journalist [[Yaşar Kemal]] visited the island of Akhtamar in 1951, he discovered that it was about to be demolished. Using his contacts he helped stop the planned destruction. The church became a noted tourist attraction in the coming decades. In 2005 the structure was closed to visitors as it underwent a heavy restoration, being opened as a museum by the Turkish government a year later.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asbarez.com/86018/the-mass-at-akhtamar-and-what%E2%80%99s-next/ |title=Asbarez, 1st October 2010: The Mass at Akhtamar, and What's Next |access-date=2011-02-08 |archive-date=2015-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403032239/http://asbarez.com/86018/the-mass-at-akhtamar-and-what%e2%80%99s-next/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Architecture==
The architecture of the church is based on a form that had been developed in [[Armenian architecture|Armenia]] several centuries earlier; the best-known example being that of the seventh century [[Saint Hripsime Church]] in [[Vagharshapat|Echmiadzin]].<ref name="Harutyunyan"/>

The unique importance of the Cathedral Church of the Holy Cross comes from the extensive array of bas-relief carving of mostly biblical scenes that adorn its external walls. The meanings of these reliefs have been the subject of much and varied interpretation. Some of this is speculation – for example, a few sources interpret Islamic and Turkic influences behind the artistic rendering of the reliefs, syncretised with Armenian influences. Some scholars<ref name="r1">See additionally: Bivar, A. D. H. "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/611009?&Search=yes&term=Holy&term=Aght%27amar&term=Review&term=Cross&term=Church&list=hide&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DReview%2Bof%2BAght%2527amar%253A%2BChurch%2Bof%2Bthe%2BHoly%2BCross%26x%3D0%26y%3D0%26wc%3Don&item=2&ttl=21&returnArticleService=showArticle Review of ''Aght'amar: Church of the Holy Cross'']". ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'' 30 (1967): pp. 409–410.</ref> assert that the friezes parallel contemporary motifs found in [[Umayyad]] art – such as a turbaned prince, Arab styles of dress, wine imagery; allusions to royal [[Sassanian]] imagery are also present (Griffins, for example).<ref name="r1" />

==Vandalism and decay==
Following the [[Armenian genocide]] and the establishment of the Turkish republic, the church was largely officially ignored and thus exposed to extensive vandalism. During the [[1950s]], the island was used as a military training ground.<ref name="restorasyon">{{in lang|tr}} "[http://www.mimarizm.com/Haberler/HaberDetay.aspx?id=48302 Paylaşılan Bir Restorasyon Süreci: Akhtamar Surp Haç Kilisesi]." ''Mimarizm''. February 26, 2008.</ref><ref name="bianet">{{cite web |title=Restoration Process |url=http://bianet.org/bianet/bianet/63341-acele-restorasyona-seytan-karisir |publisher=Bianet.org}}</ref> The ornate stone [[Baluster|balustrade]] of the royal gallery largely disappeared; comparisons with pre-[[1914]] photographs show signs of damage to the relief carvings.

By [[1956]], two [[khachkar|''khachkars'']]—one by Catholicos Stephanos, dated to [[1340]], in addition to a second one, dated to [[1444]]–were visibly damaged, with large sections of their carvings broken or hacked-off. Only the lower-third of the 1444 khachkar was left, noted as it had been visibly intact when photographed by Bachmann in [[1911]]. The 19th-century tombstone of Khatchatur Mokatsi, still intact in 1956, was later smashed into fragments.<ref>Sirarpie Der Nersessian ''Aght'amar: Church of the Holy Cross'' (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965), pp. 7, 49–52.</ref>

==Restoration==
Between 20 May 2005 and 21 July 2006,<ref>{{cite news|title=Van yatırımların karşılığını alıyor|url=http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/haberler/318275--van-inanc-turizmine-yapilan-yatirimlarin-karsiligini-aliyor|agency=[[Anadolu Agency]]|date=25 April 2014|language=tr|quote=Akdamar Adası'nda, Vaspurakan Kralı 1. Gagik tarafından 915–921 yıllarında yaptırılan Akmadar Kilisesi, Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı tarafından 20 Mayıs 2005 yılında başlatılan ve 21 Temmuz 2006'da tamamlanan restorasyonun ardından 29 Mart 2007'de uluslararası açılışla anıt müzeye dönüştürülmüştü.}}</ref> the church underwent a controversial restoration program.<ref>{{cite news|first=Vercihan |last=Ziflioğlu |title=Koç: Turkey has undertaken its cultural, historical responsibility |url=http://213.243.16.209/article.php?enewsid=69526 |date=March 30, 2007 |work=Turkish Daily News |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008230955/http://213.243.16.209/article.php?enewsid=69526 |archive-date=2007-10-08 }}</ref> The restoration had a stated budget of 2 million [[Turkish lira]] (approximately 1.4 million [[United States Dollar|USD]]) and was financed by the [[Culture and Tourism Ministry of Turkey|Turkish Ministry of Culture]]. It officially re-opened as a museum on 29 March 2007 in a ceremony attended by the Turkish Minister of Culture, government officials, ambassadors of several countries, [[Patriarch Mesrob II Mutafyan of Constantinople|Patriarch Mesrob II]] (spiritual leader of the Armenian community of Turkey), a delegation from [[Armenia]] headed by the Deputy to the Armenian Minister of Culture, and a large group of invited journalists from many news organizations around the world.<ref name="BBC">"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6505927.stm Ankara restores Armenian church]." ''[[BBC News]]''. March 29, 2007.</ref>

Özdemir Çakacak, the governor of Van, described the restoration as "a show of Turkey's respect for history and culture".<ref name=todayz>Doğan, Ibrahim. "[http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=106950&bolum=101 Restored Armenian church reopened with prayers as museum]{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}." ''Today's Zaman''. March 30, 2007.</ref> A Turkish state department museum official added, "We could not have ignored the artifacts of our Armenian citizens, and we did not."<ref name=todayz /> Signs heralding the church reopening declared "Tarihe saygı, kültüre saygı" ("Respect for history, respect for culture").<ref name="Independent">Herbert, Ian. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20091121170058/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turkish-restoration-of-armenian-church-leaves-no-room-for-apology-442512.html Turkish restoration of Armenian church leaves no room for apology]." ''[[The Independent]]''. March 30, 2007.</ref>

According to Maximilian Hartmuth, an academician at Sabanci University, "the church was turned into a museum rather than re-opened as a place of worship following the restoration was, for example, claimed to be a wedge separating the monument from Turkey's Armenian community". The critics, writing for media such as'' Radikal, Milliyet'', or ''Turkish Daily News'', furthermore lamented that permission to mount a cross on top of the church was not given. Moreover, they argued the official name of the museum, the Turkish ''Akdamar'' (translating as "white vein") rather than the original Armenian ''Ahtamar'' – the name of the island in Lake Van on which the church stands and Surp Haç (Holy Cross) for the church itself would suggest this to be a Turkish monument. At the same time only sparing use was made of the word "Armenian" in official statements, With Turkey's Armenian community not granted their request to hold services in the church – and a large Turkish flag mounted at the site, it was argued by some{{Who|date=July 2013}} that this project really announced the "Turkification" of this monument, the initiative being no more than a media stunt.<ref name=culturalheritage>{{cite web|title=Multicultural Pasts as a Problem in the Construction of National Programs of Cultural Heritage in Modern Southeast Europe,Paper read at the 10th Annual Kokkalis Program Workshop at Harvard University, February 7–8, 2007 |page=2 |url=http://www.hks.harvard.edu/kokkalis/GSW10/Hartmuth,%20Maximilian%20GSW10%20submission.pdf }}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Religious life==
The church is now classed as a secular museum. During the ceremony held to mark the restoration there were images of [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] displayed prominently.<ref name="chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it">{{cite web |url=http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/1344422?eng=y |title=Dormition in Turkey. Liturgy on the Black Mountain |first=Sandro |last=Magister |author-link=Sandro Magister}}</ref> Armenian religious leaders invited to the opening ceremony refused to attend because the church was being reopened as a secular museum.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}} It has the allowance to hold one religious service per year from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/pg/photo-gallery/armenian-church-holds-mass-after-3-years-in-turkey|title=Anadolu Agency|website=Anadolu Agency|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref>

The Turkish government stated that it would permit a liturgy to be delivered on 19 September 2010,<ref name="chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it"/> and the service took place as planned.<ref>{{Cite news | last =Strauss | first =Delphine | title =Armenian Mass a Sign of Growing Tolerance|newspaper=The Financial Times | date =September 19, 2010 | url =http://www.ft.com/cms/s/dd6c979e-c420-11df-b827-00144feab49a,Authorised=false.html?_i_location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fdd6c979e-c420-11df-b827-00144feab49a.html%3Fftcamp%3Drss&_i_referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-11366201&ftcamp=rss | access-date =September 20, 2010 }}</ref>

Some controversy surrounded the issue of whether the cross atop the dome until 1915 should be replaced. Some Armenians said that the renovation was unfinished until the cross was replaced, and that prayer should be allowed inside at least once a year. A cross had been prepared nearly a year before the opening, and Mesrob II petitioned the Prime Minister and Minister of Culture to place the cross on the dome of the cathedral.<ref>{{in lang|tr}} "[http://www.haberturk.com/haber.asp?id=19772&cat=110&dt=2007/04/10 İşte Akdamar haçı] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927194152/http://www.haberturk.com/haber.asp?id=19772&cat=110&dt=2007%2F04%2F10 |date=2007-09-27 }}." ''Habertürk''. April 10, 2007.</ref> Turkish officials said that the base was not appropriate for the cross the Patriarchate brought as it was made to support the original cross.<ref>{{in lang|tr}} "[http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=first-cermon-in-surp-hac-after-95-years-2010-09-19 First ceremony in Surp Haç after 95 years]." ''Hürriyet Daily News''. September 19, 2010.</ref> Later, the issue was solved. Since October 2, 2010, the cross sits at the top of the church.<ref>{{in lang|tr}} "[http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalDetayV3&ArticleID=1021806&Date=04.10.2010&CategoryID=77 Akdamar Kilisesi'nin artık haçı var]." ''Radikal''. October 2, 2010.</ref>

On 8 September 2013, the rite of baptism was carried out for a group of Armenian boys within the cathedral. This was the first time since the [[Armenian genocide]] that a baptism was performed in Van.<ref>[https://news.am/eng/news/170502.html First baptism ceremony held in renovated Surb Khach church in Turkey]</ref>

==Controversies==
===Naming issue===
[[File:Akdamar, ruler and attendants.jpg|thumb|upright=2|Akdamar, ruler and attendants (915–921)]]
''[[Hürriyet]]'' columnist [[Cengiz Çandar]] characterized the way the Turkish government handled the opening as an extension of an ongoing "[[cultural genocide]]" of the Armenians.<ref name=hurriyet>{{in lang|tr}} Çandar, Cengiz. "[http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yazarlar/6225448.asp?yazarid=215&gid=61 Ahtamar Kilisesi ya da sözde Akdamar Müzesi]." ''Hürriyet''. March 29, 2007.</ref> He characterizes the renaming of the church from Armenian to Turkish as part of a [[Geographical name changes in Turkey|broader program to rename Armenian historical sites in Turkey]], and attributes the refusal to place a cross atop the church as symptomatic of religious intolerance in Turkish society.

{{Quote|What do you think "our set" are trying to do? If you ask me, they would like "to appear righteous and benefit politically." And naturally they make a mess out of it. The initial plans were for the opening of Ahtamar to take place on Apr. 24. A real cunning idea... As it is known to be the "[[Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day]] in the world," a trump for propaganda would have been used on that day.

Then the date became Apr. 11. According to the ancient Armenian calendar, Apr. 11 coincides with Apr. 24. They probably knew this also. They were still pursuing another cunning idea. At the end, it was decided that the opening of Ahtamar, now "Akdamar," would take place on Mar. 29, as a restoration opening of a museum-church, without a cross or a bell.<ref name=doc>Çandar, Cengiz. "[https://docs.google.com/gview?a=v&q=cache:GUB-W-YMIjYJ:www.aztagdaily.com/EnglishSupplement/20070330%2520TDN%25204%2520%281%29.pdf+Cengiz+%C3%87andar+cross+%22cultural+genocide%22&hl=en&gl=us The so-called 'Akdamar Museum']{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}." ''Turkish Daily News''. March 30, 2007.</ref>}}

Çandar notes that the ''[[Agos]]'' issue published on the day of the murder of [[Hrant Dink]] featured a Dink commentary on the Turkish government's handling of the Akdamar issue, which the late journalist characterized as "A real comedy... A real tragedy...". According to Dink,

<blockquote>The government hasn't still been able to formulate a correct approach to the "[[Armenian question]]." Its real aim is not to solve the problem, but to gain points like a wrestler in a contest. How and when it will make the right move and defeat its opponent. That's the only concern. This is not earnestness. The state calls on Armenian historians to discuss history, but does not shy from trying its own intellectuals who have an unorthodox rhetoric on the [[Armenian genocide]]. It restores an Armenian church in the Southeast, but only thinks, "How can I use this for political gains in the world, how can I sell it?"<ref name=hurriyet /><ref name=doc /></blockquote>

===Nationalist protests===
The opening was controversial among some Turkish nationalist groups, who protested at the island and in a separate demonstration in Ankara. Police detained five Turkish nationalists protesting against the restoration of the church at Lake Van, who carried a banner declaring "The Turkish people are noble. They would never commit genocide".<ref name="BBC"/> Demonstrators outside the Ministry of the Interior in Ankara chanted slogans against the possibility of a cross being erected atop the church, declaring "You are all Armenians, we are all Turks and Muslims".<ref name=todayz />

===Answering to criticism===
Historian [[Ara Sarafian]] responded to the criticism of the restoration project, stating that the project represented an answer to allegations of cultural genocide. He stated that the revitalization of the site was "an important peace offering" from the Turkish government.<ref>"[http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/6298039.asp?gid=74 Armenian historian: Akdamar Church re-opening a "peace-offering" from Turkey]." ''Hürriyet''.</ref>
== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="150px" heights="190px" class="center">
File:USSHER(1865) p371 AKTHAMAR FROM AGHAVANK.jpg|Aghtamar in 1865.
File:Aghtamar1881.png|Aghtamar in 1881.
File:G1895 pg173 THE ISLAND MONASTERY OF AGHTAMAR, IN LAKE VAN.jpg|Aghtamar in 1895.
File:Aghtamar 1923.png|Aghtamar in 1923.
File:Akdamar church south west.jpg
File:Aghtamar Jamatoun.jpg
File:Insel Akdamar Աղթամար, armenische Kirche zum Heiligen Kreuz Սուրբ խաչ (um 920) (40378083102).jpg
File:Insel Akdamar Աղթամար, armenische Kirche zum Heiligen Kreuz Սուրբ խաչ (um 920) (40378454842).jpg
File:Insel Akdamar Աղթամար, armenische Kirche zum Heiligen Kreuz Սուրբ խաչ (um 920) (38611318530).jpg
File:Insel Akdamar Աղթամար, armenische Kirche zum Heiligen Kreuz Սուրբ խաչ (um 920) (38611322640).jpg
File:Insel Akdamar Աղթամար, armenische Kirche zum Heiligen Kreuz Սուրբ խաչ (um 920) (26550968428).jpg
File:Aghtamar Eastern wall.jpg
File:Aghtamar003.jpg|
File:Insel Akdamar Աղթամար, armenische Kirche zum Heiligen Kreuz Սուրբ խաչ (um 920) (38611317840).jpg
File:Abraham und Isaak.JPG|
File:Akdamar Church.JPG|
File:Aghtamar008.jpg|
File:Van-akdam (3).jpg|
File:Aghtamar Southern wall.jpg|
File:AkdamarKilisasi4.jpg|
File:Aghtamar Eastern wall.jpg|
File:Van-akdam (7).jpg|
File:AkdamarKilisasi6.jpg|
File:Akhtamar7.jpg|
File:Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Aghtamar 002.jpg|
The Church of the Holy Cross on Akhtamar Island.JPG|
File:Akhtamar paintings 1.jpg|
File:Akhtamar paintings 9.jpg|
File:Akhtamar paintings 5.jpg|
File:Akhtamar paintings 3.jpg|
</gallery>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
*[[Sirarpie Der Nersessian|Der Nersessian, Sirarpie]]. ''Aght'amar: Church of the Holy Cross''. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965.
*Jones, Lynn. ''Between Islam and Byzantium: Aght'amar and the Visual Construction of Medieval Armenian Rulership''. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, 2007.
*Maranci, Christina. ''The Art of Armenia: An Introduction''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Pogossian |editor1-first=Zaroui |editor2-last=Vardanyan |editor2-first=Edda |title=The Church of the Holy Cross of Ałt'amar: Politics, Art, Spirituality in the Kingdom of Vaspurakan |date=2019 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-40038-2}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Akdamar Church}}
* [http://www.sacredsites.com/middle_east/turkey/akdamar.htm Information about Akdamar Island from Sacred Sites, Places of Peace and Power]
* [http://www.westernarmenia.net/index.files/Aghtamar_en.htm The Surp Hach (Saint Cross) church on Akhtamar Island]
* [http://www.virtualani.org/aghtamar/index.htm A detailed study of the reliefs on the east facade of the Holy Cross church on Aghtamar island]
* [https://charlvarchive.org/Site/118 The 1973 pre-restoration photographic survey of the Cathedral of the Holy Cross at Aghtamar]
* [http://www.virtualani.org/aghtamar/2005restoration.htm Observations and comments on the 2005–2006 restoration of the church]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120326151132/http://www.aghtamar.org/index.html Aghtamar: An Interactive Presentation of the Church of the Holy Cross]
* [https://avproduction.am/?ln=am&page=culture&id=91 About The Holy Cross church in Akhtamar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203164155/http://avproduction.am/?ln=am&page=culture&id=91 |date=2020-12-03 }}

{{Lake Van}}
{{Armenian Churches}}
{{Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Armenian Cathedral Of The Holy Cross}}
[[Category:Lake Van]]
[[Category:Armenian Apostolic churches in Turkey]]
[[Category:Armenian Apostolic cathedrals in Turkey]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Eastern Anatolia]]
[[Category:Former cathedrals in Turkey]]
[[Category:Former religious buildings and structures in Turkey]]
[[Category:Van, Turkey]]
[[Category:Kingdom of Vaspurakan]]
[[Category:Oriental Orthodox congregations established in the 10th century]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Van Province]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Van Province]]
[[Category:Armenian buildings in Turkey]]
[[Category:World Heritage Tentative List for Turkey]]

Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Aghtamar

2024-07-10T00:46:28Z

RaffiKojian: better main photo

{{Short description|Armenian church in Lake Van, Turkey}}
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name = Cathedral of the Holy Cross
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| image = The Church of the Holy Cross on Akhtamar Island.JPG
| image_size = 300px
| caption = The cathedral
| map_type = Turkey
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| location = [[Akdamar Island]], [[Lake Van]], Turkey
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| architect = Manuel
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| architecture_style = [[Armenian architecture|Armenian]]
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| year_completed = 921
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The '''Cathedral of the Holy Cross''' ({{lang-hy|Սուրբ Խաչ եկեղեցի|translit=Surp Khachʿ egeghetsʿi}}, {{lang-tr|Akdamar Kilisesi}} or {{Lang|tr|Surp Haç Kilisesi}}) on [[Aghtamar Island]], in [[Lake Van]] in eastern [[Turkey]], is a medieval [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian Apostolic]] cathedral, built as a palatine church for the kings of [[Vaspurakan]] and later serving as the seat of the [[Catholicosate of Aghtamar]].

==History==
[[Image:Akdamar Church.JPG|thumb|right|A detail of David and Goliath from the cathedral]]
[[File:Akhtamar Island on Lake Van with the Armenian Cathedral of the Holy Cross.jpg|thumb|General view of [[Akdamar Island]] in springtime]]
[[File:Akdamar adasında bahar.jpg|thumb|General view of [[Akdamar Island]] in springtime]]
During his reign, King [[Gagik I Artsruni]] (r. 908–943/944) of the Armenian [[Vaspurakan|kingdom of Vaspurakan]] chose the island of Aght'amar as one of his residences, founding a settlement there.<ref name="Harutyunyan">{{in lang|hy}} [[Varazdat Harutyunyan|Harutyunyan, V. M.]], "Chartarapetut'yun," [Architecture], in ''Hay zhoghovrdi patmutyun'' [History of the Armenian People], vol. 3 (Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1976), pp. 381–384.</ref> The only structure standing from that period is the cathedral. It was built of pink volcanic tufa(tuff){{citation needed|date=December 2010}} by the architect-monk Manuel during the years 915–921, with an interior measuring 14.80 m by 11.5 m and the dome reaching 20.40 m above ground. In later centuries, and until 1915, it formed part of a monastic complex, the ruins of which can still be seen to the south of the church.

Between 1116 and 1895 Aght'amar Island was the location of the [[Catholicos of Armenia|Armenian Catholicosate]] of Aght'amar. Khachatur III, who died in 1895, was the last [[Catholicos]] of Aght'amar.<ref name=hewsen>{{cite book | last = Hewsen | first = Robert H. | title = Armenia: A Historical Atlas | year = 2001 |location = Chicago | publisher = [[University of Chicago Press]] | isbn= 0-226-33228-4 | page = 208 }}</ref> In 1915, during the [[Armenian genocide]], the church was looted, and the monastic buildings destroyed<ref>Hewsen. ''Armenia'', p. 232.</ref> and in July 1916 the Catholicosate was abolished by the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref>Kieser, Hans-Lukas. ''Talaat Pasha: Father of Modern Turkey, Architect of Genocide'' (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018), p. 262.</ref>

The church remained in disuse through the decades after 1915. When the writer and journalist [[Yaşar Kemal]] visited the island of Akhtamar in 1951, he discovered that it was about to be demolished. Using his contacts he helped stop the planned destruction. The church became a noted tourist attraction in the coming decades. In 2005 the structure was closed to visitors as it underwent a heavy restoration, being opened as a museum by the Turkish government a year later.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asbarez.com/86018/the-mass-at-akhtamar-and-what%E2%80%99s-next/ |title=Asbarez, 1st October 2010: The Mass at Akhtamar, and What's Next |access-date=2011-02-08 |archive-date=2015-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403032239/http://asbarez.com/86018/the-mass-at-akhtamar-and-what%e2%80%99s-next/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Architecture==
The architecture of the church is based on a form that had been developed in [[Armenian architecture|Armenia]] several centuries earlier; the best-known example being that of the seventh century [[Saint Hripsime Church]] in [[Vagharshapat|Echmiadzin]].<ref name="Harutyunyan"/>

The unique importance of the Cathedral Church of the Holy Cross comes from the extensive array of bas-relief carving of mostly biblical scenes that adorn its external walls. The meanings of these reliefs have been the subject of much and varied interpretation. Some of this is speculation – for example, a few sources interpret Islamic and Turkic influences behind the artistic rendering of the reliefs, syncretised with Armenian influences. Some scholars<ref name="r1">See additionally: Bivar, A. D. H. "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/611009?&Search=yes&term=Holy&term=Aght%27amar&term=Review&term=Cross&term=Church&list=hide&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DReview%2Bof%2BAght%2527amar%253A%2BChurch%2Bof%2Bthe%2BHoly%2BCross%26x%3D0%26y%3D0%26wc%3Don&item=2&ttl=21&returnArticleService=showArticle Review of ''Aght'amar: Church of the Holy Cross'']". ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'' 30 (1967): pp. 409–410.</ref> assert that the friezes parallel contemporary motifs found in [[Umayyad]] art – such as a turbaned prince, Arab styles of dress, wine imagery; allusions to royal [[Sassanian]] imagery are also present (Griffins, for example).<ref name="r1" />

==Vandalism and decay==
Following the [[Armenian genocide]] and the establishment of the Turkish republic, the church was largely officially ignored and thus exposed to extensive vandalism. During the [[1950s]], the island was used as a military training ground.<ref name="restorasyon">{{in lang|tr}} "[http://www.mimarizm.com/Haberler/HaberDetay.aspx?id=48302 Paylaşılan Bir Restorasyon Süreci: Akhtamar Surp Haç Kilisesi]." ''Mimarizm''. February 26, 2008.</ref><ref name="bianet">{{cite web |title=Restoration Process |url=http://bianet.org/bianet/bianet/63341-acele-restorasyona-seytan-karisir |publisher=Bianet.org}}</ref> The ornate stone [[Baluster|balustrade]] of the royal gallery largely disappeared; comparisons with pre-[[1914]] photographs show signs of damage to the relief carvings.

By [[1956]], two [[khachkar|''khachkars'']]—one by Catholicos Stephanos, dated to [[1340]], in addition to a second one, dated to [[1444]]–were visibly damaged, with large sections of their carvings broken or hacked-off. Only the lower-third of the 1444 khachkar was left, noted as it had been visibly intact when photographed by Bachmann in [[1911]]. The 19th-century tombstone of Khatchatur Mokatsi, still intact in 1956, was later smashed into fragments.<ref>Sirarpie Der Nersessian ''Aght'amar: Church of the Holy Cross'' (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965), pp. 7, 49–52.</ref>

==Restoration==
Between 20 May 2005 and 21 July 2006,<ref>{{cite news|title=Van yatırımların karşılığını alıyor|url=http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/haberler/318275--van-inanc-turizmine-yapilan-yatirimlarin-karsiligini-aliyor|agency=[[Anadolu Agency]]|date=25 April 2014|language=tr|quote=Akdamar Adası'nda, Vaspurakan Kralı 1. Gagik tarafından 915–921 yıllarında yaptırılan Akmadar Kilisesi, Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı tarafından 20 Mayıs 2005 yılında başlatılan ve 21 Temmuz 2006'da tamamlanan restorasyonun ardından 29 Mart 2007'de uluslararası açılışla anıt müzeye dönüştürülmüştü.}}</ref> the church underwent a controversial restoration program.<ref>{{cite news|first=Vercihan |last=Ziflioğlu |title=Koç: Turkey has undertaken its cultural, historical responsibility |url=http://213.243.16.209/article.php?enewsid=69526 |date=March 30, 2007 |work=Turkish Daily News |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008230955/http://213.243.16.209/article.php?enewsid=69526 |archive-date=2007-10-08 }}</ref> The restoration had a stated budget of 2 million [[Turkish lira]] (approximately 1.4 million [[United States Dollar|USD]]) and was financed by the [[Culture and Tourism Ministry of Turkey|Turkish Ministry of Culture]]. It officially re-opened as a museum on 29 March 2007 in a ceremony attended by the Turkish Minister of Culture, government officials, ambassadors of several countries, [[Patriarch Mesrob II Mutafyan of Constantinople|Patriarch Mesrob II]] (spiritual leader of the Armenian community of Turkey), a delegation from [[Armenia]] headed by the Deputy to the Armenian Minister of Culture, and a large group of invited journalists from many news organizations around the world.<ref name="BBC">"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6505927.stm Ankara restores Armenian church]." ''[[BBC News]]''. March 29, 2007.</ref>

Özdemir Çakacak, the governor of Van, described the restoration as "a show of Turkey's respect for history and culture".<ref name=todayz>Doğan, Ibrahim. "[http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=106950&bolum=101 Restored Armenian church reopened with prayers as museum]{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}." ''Today's Zaman''. March 30, 2007.</ref> A Turkish state department museum official added, "We could not have ignored the artifacts of our Armenian citizens, and we did not."<ref name=todayz /> Signs heralding the church reopening declared "Tarihe saygı, kültüre saygı" ("Respect for history, respect for culture").<ref name="Independent">Herbert, Ian. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20091121170058/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turkish-restoration-of-armenian-church-leaves-no-room-for-apology-442512.html Turkish restoration of Armenian church leaves no room for apology]." ''[[The Independent]]''. March 30, 2007.</ref>

According to Maximilian Hartmuth, an academician at Sabanci University, "the church was turned into a museum rather than re-opened as a place of worship following the restoration was, for example, claimed to be a wedge separating the monument from Turkey's Armenian community". The critics, writing for media such as'' Radikal, Milliyet'', or ''Turkish Daily News'', furthermore lamented that permission to mount a cross on top of the church was not given. Moreover, they argued the official name of the museum, the Turkish ''Akdamar'' (translating as "white vein") rather than the original Armenian ''Ahtamar'' – the name of the island in Lake Van on which the church stands and Surp Haç (Holy Cross) for the church itself would suggest this to be a Turkish monument. At the same time only sparing use was made of the word "Armenian" in official statements, With Turkey's Armenian community not granted their request to hold services in the church – and a large Turkish flag mounted at the site, it was argued by some{{Who|date=July 2013}} that this project really announced the "Turkification" of this monument, the initiative being no more than a media stunt.<ref name=culturalheritage>{{cite web|title=Multicultural Pasts as a Problem in the Construction of National Programs of Cultural Heritage in Modern Southeast Europe,Paper read at the 10th Annual Kokkalis Program Workshop at Harvard University, February 7–8, 2007 |page=2 |url=http://www.hks.harvard.edu/kokkalis/GSW10/Hartmuth,%20Maximilian%20GSW10%20submission.pdf }}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Religious life==
The church is now classed as a secular museum. During the ceremony held to mark the restoration there were images of [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] displayed prominently.<ref name="chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it">{{cite web |url=http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/1344422?eng=y |title=Dormition in Turkey. Liturgy on the Black Mountain |first=Sandro |last=Magister |author-link=Sandro Magister}}</ref> Armenian religious leaders invited to the opening ceremony refused to attend because the church was being reopened as a secular museum.{{citation needed|date=July 2013}} It has the allowance to hold one religious service per year from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/pg/photo-gallery/armenian-church-holds-mass-after-3-years-in-turkey|title=Anadolu Agency|website=Anadolu Agency|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref>

The Turkish government stated that it would permit a liturgy to be delivered on 19 September 2010,<ref name="chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it"/> and the service took place as planned.<ref>{{Cite news | last =Strauss | first =Delphine | title =Armenian Mass a Sign of Growing Tolerance|newspaper=The Financial Times | date =September 19, 2010 | url =http://www.ft.com/cms/s/dd6c979e-c420-11df-b827-00144feab49a,Authorised=false.html?_i_location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fdd6c979e-c420-11df-b827-00144feab49a.html%3Fftcamp%3Drss&_i_referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-11366201&ftcamp=rss | access-date =September 20, 2010 }}</ref>

Some controversy surrounded the issue of whether the cross atop the dome until 1915 should be replaced. Some Armenians said that the renovation was unfinished until the cross was replaced, and that prayer should be allowed inside at least once a year. A cross had been prepared nearly a year before the opening, and Mesrob II petitioned the Prime Minister and Minister of Culture to place the cross on the dome of the cathedral.<ref>{{in lang|tr}} "[http://www.haberturk.com/haber.asp?id=19772&cat=110&dt=2007/04/10 İşte Akdamar haçı] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927194152/http://www.haberturk.com/haber.asp?id=19772&cat=110&dt=2007%2F04%2F10 |date=2007-09-27 }}." ''Habertürk''. April 10, 2007.</ref> Turkish officials said that the base was not appropriate for the cross the Patriarchate brought as it was made to support the original cross.<ref>{{in lang|tr}} "[http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=first-cermon-in-surp-hac-after-95-years-2010-09-19 First ceremony in Surp Haç after 95 years]." ''Hürriyet Daily News''. September 19, 2010.</ref> Later, the issue was solved. Since October 2, 2010, the cross sits at the top of the church.<ref>{{in lang|tr}} "[http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalDetayV3&ArticleID=1021806&Date=04.10.2010&CategoryID=77 Akdamar Kilisesi'nin artık haçı var]." ''Radikal''. October 2, 2010.</ref>

On 8 September 2013, the rite of baptism was carried out for a group of Armenian boys within the cathedral. This was the first time since the [[Armenian genocide]] that a baptism was performed in Van.<ref>[https://news.am/eng/news/170502.html First baptism ceremony held in renovated Surb Khach church in Turkey]</ref>

==Controversies==
===Naming issue===
[[File:Akdamar, ruler and attendants.jpg|thumb|upright=2|Akdamar, ruler and attendants (915–921)]]
''[[Hürriyet]]'' columnist [[Cengiz Çandar]] characterized the way the Turkish government handled the opening as an extension of an ongoing "[[cultural genocide]]" of the Armenians.<ref name=hurriyet>{{in lang|tr}} Çandar, Cengiz. "[http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yazarlar/6225448.asp?yazarid=215&gid=61 Ahtamar Kilisesi ya da sözde Akdamar Müzesi]." ''Hürriyet''. March 29, 2007.</ref> He characterizes the renaming of the church from Armenian to Turkish as part of a [[Geographical name changes in Turkey|broader program to rename Armenian historical sites in Turkey]], and attributes the refusal to place a cross atop the church as symptomatic of religious intolerance in Turkish society.

{{Quote|What do you think "our set" are trying to do? If you ask me, they would like "to appear righteous and benefit politically." And naturally they make a mess out of it. The initial plans were for the opening of Ahtamar to take place on Apr. 24. A real cunning idea... As it is known to be the "[[Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day]] in the world," a trump for propaganda would have been used on that day.

Then the date became Apr. 11. According to the ancient Armenian calendar, Apr. 11 coincides with Apr. 24. They probably knew this also. They were still pursuing another cunning idea. At the end, it was decided that the opening of Ahtamar, now "Akdamar," would take place on Mar. 29, as a restoration opening of a museum-church, without a cross or a bell.<ref name=doc>Çandar, Cengiz. "[https://docs.google.com/gview?a=v&q=cache:GUB-W-YMIjYJ:www.aztagdaily.com/EnglishSupplement/20070330%2520TDN%25204%2520%281%29.pdf+Cengiz+%C3%87andar+cross+%22cultural+genocide%22&hl=en&gl=us The so-called 'Akdamar Museum']{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}." ''Turkish Daily News''. March 30, 2007.</ref>}}

Çandar notes that the ''[[Agos]]'' issue published on the day of the murder of [[Hrant Dink]] featured a Dink commentary on the Turkish government's handling of the Akdamar issue, which the late journalist characterized as "A real comedy... A real tragedy...". According to Dink,

<blockquote>The government hasn't still been able to formulate a correct approach to the "[[Armenian question]]." Its real aim is not to solve the problem, but to gain points like a wrestler in a contest. How and when it will make the right move and defeat its opponent. That's the only concern. This is not earnestness. The state calls on Armenian historians to discuss history, but does not shy from trying its own intellectuals who have an unorthodox rhetoric on the [[Armenian genocide]]. It restores an Armenian church in the Southeast, but only thinks, "How can I use this for political gains in the world, how can I sell it?"<ref name=hurriyet /><ref name=doc /></blockquote>

===Nationalist protests===
The opening was controversial among some Turkish nationalist groups, who protested at the island and in a separate demonstration in Ankara. Police detained five Turkish nationalists protesting against the restoration of the church at Lake Van, who carried a banner declaring "The Turkish people are noble. They would never commit genocide".<ref name="BBC"/> Demonstrators outside the Ministry of the Interior in Ankara chanted slogans against the possibility of a cross being erected atop the church, declaring "You are all Armenians, we are all Turks and Muslims".<ref name=todayz />

===Answering to criticism===
Historian [[Ara Sarafian]] responded to the criticism of the restoration project, stating that the project represented an answer to allegations of cultural genocide. He stated that the revitalization of the site was "an important peace offering" from the Turkish government.<ref>"[http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/6298039.asp?gid=74 Armenian historian: Akdamar Church re-opening a "peace-offering" from Turkey]." ''Hürriyet''.</ref>
== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="150px" heights="190px" class="center">
File:USSHER(1865) p371 AKTHAMAR FROM AGHAVANK.jpg|Aghtamar in 1865.
File:Aghtamar1881.png|Aghtamar in 1881.
File:G1895 pg173 THE ISLAND MONASTERY OF AGHTAMAR, IN LAKE VAN.jpg|Aghtamar in 1895.
File:Aghtamar 1923.png|Aghtamar in 1923.
File:Akdamar church south west.jpg
File:Insel Akdamar Աղթամար, armenische Kirche zum Heiligen Kreuz Սուրբ խաչ (um 920) (26550970398).jpg
File:Aghtamar Jamatoun.jpg
File:Insel Akdamar Աղթամար, armenische Kirche zum Heiligen Kreuz Սուրբ խաչ (um 920) (40378083102).jpg
File:Insel Akdamar Աղթամար, armenische Kirche zum Heiligen Kreuz Սուրբ խաչ (um 920) (40378454842).jpg
File:Insel Akdamar Աղթամար, armenische Kirche zum Heiligen Kreuz Սուրբ խաչ (um 920) (38611318530).jpg
File:Insel Akdamar Աղթամար, armenische Kirche zum Heiligen Kreuz Սուրբ խաչ (um 920) (38611322640).jpg
File:Insel Akdamar Աղթամար, armenische Kirche zum Heiligen Kreuz Սուրբ խաչ (um 920) (26550968428).jpg
File:Aghtamar Eastern wall.jpg
File:Aghtamar003.jpg|
File:Insel Akdamar Աղթամար, armenische Kirche zum Heiligen Kreuz Սուրբ խաչ (um 920) (38611317840).jpg
File:Abraham und Isaak.JPG|
File:Akdamar Church.JPG|
File:Aghtamar008.jpg|
File:Van-akdam (3).jpg|
File:Aghtamar Southern wall.jpg|
File:AkdamarKilisasi4.jpg|
File:Aghtamar Eastern wall.jpg|
File:Van-akdam (7).jpg|
File:AkdamarKilisasi6.jpg
File:Akhtamar7.jpg
File:Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Aghtamar 002.jpg
File:Akhtamar paintings 1.jpg|
File:Akhtamar paintings 9.jpg|
File:Akhtamar paintings 5.jpg|
File:Akhtamar paintings 3.jpg|
</gallery>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
*[[Sirarpie Der Nersessian|Der Nersessian, Sirarpie]]. ''Aght'amar: Church of the Holy Cross''. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965.
*Jones, Lynn. ''Between Islam and Byzantium: Aght'amar and the Visual Construction of Medieval Armenian Rulership''. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, 2007.
*Maranci, Christina. ''The Art of Armenia: An Introduction''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Pogossian |editor1-first=Zaroui |editor2-last=Vardanyan |editor2-first=Edda |title=The Church of the Holy Cross of Ałt'amar: Politics, Art, Spirituality in the Kingdom of Vaspurakan |date=2019 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-40038-2}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Akdamar Church}}
* [http://www.sacredsites.com/middle_east/turkey/akdamar.htm Information about Akdamar Island from Sacred Sites, Places of Peace and Power]
* [http://www.westernarmenia.net/index.files/Aghtamar_en.htm The Surp Hach (Saint Cross) church on Akhtamar Island]
* [http://www.virtualani.org/aghtamar/index.htm A detailed study of the reliefs on the east facade of the Holy Cross church on Aghtamar island]
* [https://charlvarchive.org/Site/118 The 1973 pre-restoration photographic survey of the Cathedral of the Holy Cross at Aghtamar]
* [http://www.virtualani.org/aghtamar/2005restoration.htm Observations and comments on the 2005–2006 restoration of the church]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120326151132/http://www.aghtamar.org/index.html Aghtamar: An Interactive Presentation of the Church of the Holy Cross]
* [https://avproduction.am/?ln=am&page=culture&id=91 About The Holy Cross church in Akhtamar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203164155/http://avproduction.am/?ln=am&page=culture&id=91 |date=2020-12-03 }}

{{Lake Van}}
{{Armenian Churches}}
{{Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Armenian Cathedral Of The Holy Cross}}
[[Category:Lake Van]]
[[Category:Armenian Apostolic churches in Turkey]]
[[Category:Armenian Apostolic cathedrals in Turkey]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Eastern Anatolia]]
[[Category:Former cathedrals in Turkey]]
[[Category:Former religious buildings and structures in Turkey]]
[[Category:Van, Turkey]]
[[Category:Kingdom of Vaspurakan]]
[[Category:Oriental Orthodox congregations established in the 10th century]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Van Province]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Van Province]]
[[Category:Armenian buildings in Turkey]]
[[Category:World Heritage Tentative List for Turkey]]

Charles Aznavour

2024-06-15T23:33:02Z

RaffiKojian: /* Other */

{{Short description|French singer and songwriter (1924–2018)}}
{{redirect|Aznavour|other uses|Aznavour (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[National Hero of Armenia]]
| name = Charles Aznavour
| native_name = {{nobold|Շահնուր Վաղինակ Ազնաւուրեան}}
| native_name_lang = hy
| image = Charles Aznavour 1961.jpg
| caption = Aznavour in 1961
| birth_name = Charles Aznavourian
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1924|5|22}}
| birth_place = Paris, France
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2018|10|1|1924|5|22}}
| death_place = [[Mouriès]], France
| burial_place = [[Montfort-l'Amaury]] (Yvelines), France
| citizenship = {{plainlist|
* France
* Armenia (from 2008)
}}
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Singer-lyricist
* actor
* public activist
* diplomat
}}
| years_active = 1933–2018
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Micheline Rugel|1946|1952|reason=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Evelyne Plessis|1956|1960|reason=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Ulla Thorsell|1967|}}
}}
| children = 6, including [[Seda Aznavour|Seda]]
| awards = {{Indented plainlist|
* {{awd|[[Legion of Honour]]|1997, 2001, 2004}}
* {{see below|{{section link||Awards and recognition}}}}
}}
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| genre = {{flatlist|
*Pop
*[[chanson]]
}}
| label = {{flatlist|
*[[EMI Records|EMI]]
*[[Barclay Records|Barclay]]
*[[Mercury Records|Mercury]]
*[[Monument Records|Monument]]
*[[MGM Records|MGM]]
*[[Polydor]]
*[[Reprise Records|Reprise]]
*[[Liberty Records|Liberty]]
*[[RCA Victor]]
*MusArm
*[[Som Livre]]
}}
| associated_acts =
| website = {{URL|charlesaznavour.com}}
}}
}}

'''Charles Aznavour''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|z|n|ə|ˈ|v|ʊər}} {{respell|AZ|nə|VOOR}}, {{IPA-fr|ʃaʁl aznavuʁ|lang}}; born '''Charles Aznavourian''',{{efn|This name appears on his birth certificate, although his parents originally wanted to name him {{lang|hy-Latn|Shahnour Vaghinag Aznavourian}}; {{lang-hy|Շահնուր Վաղինակ Ազնավուրյան}}, {{lang|hy-Latn|Shahnur Vaghinak Aznavuryan}}, (also spelled Chahnour,<ref name="Hovannisian"/> and Varenagh<ref name="Katz">{{cite book|last=Katz|first=Ephraim|author-link=Ephraim Katz|title=The Film Encyclopedia|publisher=HarperCollins|location=New York|isbn=9780062277114|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=OUujVPHXBZIC&q=%22Shahnour%22+Varenagh+Aznavourian%22&pg=PA1653 1653]|edition=7th|date=26 February 2013}}</ref>)}} 22 May 1924 – 1 October 2018) was a [[Armenians in France|French singer of Armenian ancestry]], as well as a lyricist, actor and diplomat. Aznavour was known for his distinctive vibrato [[tenor]] voice:<ref>{{cite news|last=Riding|first=Alan|author-link1=Alan Riding|date=18 October 1998|title=Aznavour, The Last Chanteur|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/18/arts/music-aznavour-the-last-chanteur.html|quote=his highly distinct tenor voice}}</ref> clear and ringing in its upper reaches, with gravelly and profound low notes. In a career as a composer, [[singer and songwriter]], spanning over 70 years, he recorded more than 1,200 songs interpreted in 9 languages.<ref>Charles Aznavour recorded in French, English, Italian, Spanish, German, Armenian (''Yes kou rimet'n tchim kidi'', ''La goutte d'eau'' and ''Sirerk''), Neapolitan (''Napule amica mia''), Russian (''Vetchnai lioubov'') and Kabyle (''La bohème'' in a duet with Idir).[http://www.goplanete.com/aznavour/catalogue/catalogue.htm Charles Aznavour Songs Catalog]</ref> Moreover, he wrote or co-wrote more than 1,000 songs for himself and others. Aznavour is regarded as one of the greatest songwriters of all time and an icon of 20th-century pop culture.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 October 2018|title=Master of the chanson Charles Aznavour dead at 94|url=https://www.dw.com/en/master-of-the-chanson-charles-aznavour-dead-at-94/a-17649140|website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref>

One of France's most popular and enduring singers,<ref name="Deutsche Welle"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Shea|first1=Michael|title=The Freedom Years: Tactical Tips for the Trailblazer Generation|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Chichester|isbn=9781841127545|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=roN-4QHeZQYC&dq=Charles+Aznavour+%22best+known%22&pg=PA122 122]|quote=One of France's best known pop stars, Charles Aznavour}}</ref> he was dubbed France's [[Frank Sinatra]],<ref name="Deming"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Hunter-Tilney|first=Ludovic|title=Charles Aznavour, Royal Albert Hall, London – review|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/8174330c-3fce-11e3-8882-00144feabdc0.html#axzz365LcGLPa|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210221210/https://www.ft.com/content/8174330c-3fce-11e3-8882-00144feabdc0#axzz365LcGLPa|archive-date=10 December 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|access-date=30 June 2014|newspaper=[[Financial Times]]|date=28 October 2013}}</ref> while music critic [[Stephen Holden]] described Aznavour as a "[[French pop]] deity".<ref name="holden-tnyt">{{cite news |last=Holden |first=Stephen |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=30 April 2009 |title=Aznavour Exploring Both Love and l'Amour |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/01/arts/music/01azna.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=30 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102174118/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/01/arts/music/01azna.html |archive-date=2 January 2015}}</ref> Several media outlets described him as the most famous [[Armenians|Armenian]] of all time.<ref name="Deutsche Welle">{{cite news|last=Cords|first=Suzanne|title=The master of the chanson|url=http://dw.de/p/1C3LY|date=21 May 2014|access-date=30 June 2014|agency=[[Deutsche Welle]]|quote=Long a legend, Charles Aznavour is the best known French chansonnier and arguably Armenia's most famous son.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Akopian|first=Aram|title=Armenians and the World: Yesterday and Today|date=2001|publisher=Noyan Tapan|location=Yerevan|isbn=9789993051299|page=91|quote=It will be probably just to say that today he is the most famous Armenian, known and admired all over the world.}}</ref> [[Jean Cocteau]] once said: "Before Aznavour despair was unpopular".<ref>{{cite news|author=Alexis Petridis|title=From drag queens to dead marriages, Charles Aznavour was far from easy listening|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/oct/01/from-drag-queens-to-dead-marriages-charles-aznavour-was-far-from-easy-listening|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=1 October 2018|access-date=5 October 2018}}</ref>

Aznavour sang for presidents, popes and royalty, as well as at humanitarian events. In response to the [[1988 Armenian earthquake]], he founded the charitable organization Aznavour for Armenia along with his long-time friend [[impresario]] [[Lévon Sayan]]. In 2008, he was granted [[Armenian citizenship]]<ref name="Itzkoff">{{cite news|last=Itzkoff|first=David|author-link=David Itzkoff|date=26 December 2008|title=Aznavour Granted Armenian Citizenship|newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/27/arts/27arts-AZNAVOURGRAN_BRF.html?partner=rss&emc=rss|access-date=10 February 2014}}</ref> and was appointed [[Armenia–Switzerland relations|ambassador of Armenia to Switzerland]] the following year, as well as Armenia's [[permanent delegate]] to the [[United Nations at Geneva]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Aznavour to become Armenian envoy|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7888243.stm|agency=BBC|date=13 February 2009}}</ref>

He started his last world tour in 2014. In 2017, Aznavour was awarded the 2,618th star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]. Later that year, he and his sister, {{ill|Aida Aznavourian|hy|Աիդա Ազնավուրյան}}, were awarded the [[Raoul Wallenberg Award]] for sheltering [[Jews during World War II]]. His concert at the [[NHK Hall in Osaka]], in September 2018,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtl.fr/culture/musique/mort-de-charles-aznavour-le-japon-pleure-la-disparition-du-chanteur-7795010558|title=Le Japon pleure la disparition de Charles Aznavour|website=RTL France|date=2 October 2018 |access-date=14 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref> would be his final performance.

Between 1974 and 2016, Aznavour received around sixty gold and platinum records around the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://snepmusique.com/les-certifications/?interprete=charles%20aznavour|title = Les certifications|website=Snepmusique.com}}</ref> According to his record company, the total sales of Aznavour's recordings were over 180 million units.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.universalmusic.fr/artistes/20000048069|title = Charles Aznavour|website=Universalmusic.fr}}</ref><ref>[https://www.lanouvellerepublique.fr/a-la-une/rien-n-arrete-aznavour] {{dead link|date=June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/musique/1300-titres-80-films-8-langues-la-carriere-de-charles-aznavour-en-chiffres-01-10-2018-7908204.php|title=1300 titres, 80 films, 8 langues… La carrière de Charles Aznavour en chiffres|date=1 October 2018|website=Leparisien.fr}}</ref>

==Early life and family==
Aznavour was born on 22 May 1924<ref name="armenian.ch">{{cite web|title=Portrait de S.E. Charles Aznavour|url=http://www.armenian.ch/index.php?id=ambassador|publisher=Embassy of Armenia in Switzerland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630015859/http://www.armenian.ch/index.php?id=ambassador|archive-date=30 June 2014|language=fr}}</ref> at the clinic Tarnier at 89, [[rue d'Assas]] in [[Saint-Germain-des-Prés]], [[6th arrondissement of Paris]], into a family of artists living on [[rue Monsieur-le-Prince]].<ref name="Bellaïche_11">{{cite book|author=Raoul Bellaïche|title=Aznavour "Non je n'ai rien oublié"|trans-title=Aznavour "No, I have not forgotten anything"|publisher=Éditions de l'Archipel|date=24 August 2014|isbn=9782809807646|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=678ghCLrSYoC|access-date=13 August 2018|page=11|language=fr}}</ref> He was named Shahnour (or Chahnour)<ref name="Hovannisian">{{cite book|last=Hovannisian|first=Richard G.|author-link=Richard Hovannisian|title=The Armenian Genocide: Cultural and Ethical Legacies|year=2007|publisher=Transaction Publishers|location=New Brunswick, N.J.|isbn=9781412835923|page=215}}</ref> Vaghinag (Vaghenagh)<ref name="Katz"/> Aznavourian<ref name="armenian.ch"/> ({{lang-hy|Շահնուր Վաղինակ Ազնաւուրեան}}), by his parents, [[Armenians|Armenian]] immigrants Michael (Misha) Aznavourian (from present-day [[Akhaltsikhe]], Georgia)<ref name="armenian.ch"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicme.com/Charles-Aznavour/biographie/|title=Biographie Charles Aznavour|publisher=Musicme.com|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> and Knar Baghdasarian, an [[Armenian genocide]] survivor from Adapazarı (in present-day [[Sakarya, Turkey]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billetnet.fr/en/wiki/Charles_Aznavour|title=Biodata|publisher=Billetnet.fr|access-date=1 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720205407/http://www.billetnet.fr/en/wiki/Charles_Aznavour|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/charles-aznavour/|title=CHARLES AZNAVOUR - Encyclopædia Universalis|publisher=Universalis.fr|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref>{{sfn|Dicale|2017|p=713}} He had one older sister, Aïda, born in January 1923 in [[Thessaloniki]], [[Greece]] before their family moved to France.{{sfn|Belleret|2018|p=18}} The Aznavourians ran a small Armenian restaurant in the rue de la Huchette, a hangout for actors and musicians until the Depression. One biography says that Misha’s father — Charles’s grandfather — “had been a chef to [[Nicholas II of Russia|Czar Nicholas II]].” But Aznavour himself gave a laugh about it: “My grandfather,” he said, “was a chef for the governor of Tiflis, in Georgia. The czar used to eat there every 150 years.”<ref>[http://www.thevillager.com/villager_176/aurevoirfrom.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522213752/http://www.thevillager.com/villager_176/aurevoirfrom.html}} The Villager</ref>
Charles's parents introduced him to performing at an early age, and he dropped out of school at age nine, and took the stage name "Aznavour".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEN/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|date=December 2008|title=Charles Aznavour|newspaper=RFI Musique|access-date=10 February 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210004828/http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEN/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|archive-date=10 February 2011 }}</ref>

=== World War II ===
During the [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II|German occupation of France]] during [[World War II]], Aznavour and his family hid "a number of people who were persecuted by the Nazis, while Charles and his sister Aida were involved in rescue activities." Their work was recognized in a statement issued in 2017 by [[Reuven Rivlin]], President of Israel. That year, Aznavour and Aida received the [[Raoul Wallenberg Award]] for their wartime activities. "The Aznavours were closely linked to the [[Missak Manouchian]] [[French Resistance|Resistance Group]] and in this context they offered shelter to Armenians, [[The Holocaust in France|Jews]] and others at their own Paris flat, risking their own lives."<ref name="Wallenberg Medal">{{cite web|title=Charles Aznavour and his sister Aida received the Raoul Wallenberg Medal|url=http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/news/charles-aznavour-and-his-sister-aida-received-the-raoul-wallenberg-medal|website=The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation|access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Legendary singer Aznavour given award for family efforts to save Jews in WWII|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/legendary-singer-aznavour-given-award-for-family-efforts-to-save-jews-in-wwii/|access-date=1 October 2018|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|agency=AFP|date=28 October 2017}}</ref>

==Career==

=== Musical career ===
Aznavour was already familiar with performing on stage by the time he began his career as a musician. At the age of nine, he had roles in a play called ''{{lang|fr|Un Petit Diable à Paris}}'' and a film entitled ''{{lang|fr|La Guerre des Gosses}}''.<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|editor1-last=Henderson|editor1-first=Lol|editor2-last=Stacey|editor2-first=Lee|title=Encyclopedia of Music in the 20th Century|date=2014|publisher=Taylor and Francis|page=35|location=Hoboken|isbn=978-1135929466}}</ref> Aznavour then turned to professional dancing and performed in several nightclubs. In 1944, he and actor [[Pierre Roche (musician)|Pierre Roche]] began a partnership and in collaborative efforts performed in numerous nightclubs. It was through this partnership that Aznavour began to write songs and sing. Meanwhile, Aznavour wrote his first song entitled ''{{lang|fr|J'ai Bu}}'' in 1944.<ref name=encyclopedia /> The partnership's first successes were in Canada in 1948–1950.<ref>{{cite book |last=DiMartino |first=Dave |date=2016 |title=Music in the 20th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sB4GDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA35 |location=London and New York |publisher=[[Routledge]] |page=35 |isbn=978-0-76568-012-9}}</ref>

[[File:Charles Aznavour 1963.jpg|thumb|upright|Aznavour in 1963]]

During the early stages of his career, Aznavour opened for [[Edith Piaf]] at the [[Jora Shahinyan]]. Piaf then advised him to pursue a career in singing. Piaf helped Aznavour develop a distinctive voice that stimulated the best of his abilities.<ref name=encyclopedia />

Sometimes described as "France's [[Frank Sinatra]]",<ref name="Deming">{{cite web|last=Deming|first=Mark|title=Charles Aznavour 40 Chansons D'or|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/40-chansons-dor-mw0000475684|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=30 June 2014}}</ref> Aznavour sang frequently about love. He wrote or co-wrote [[musical theater|musicals]], more than one thousand songs, and recorded ninety-one studio albums. Aznavour's voice was shaded towards the tenor range, but possessed the low range and coloration more typical of a baritone, contributing to his unique sound. Aznavour spoke and sang in many languages (French, English, Italian, Spanish, German, Russian, [[Armenian language|Armenian]], [[Neapolitan language|Neapolitan]] and [[Kabyle language|Kabyle]]), which helped him perform at [[Carnegie Hall]], in the US, and other major venues around the world. He also recorded at least one song from the 18th-century Armenian poet [[Sayat-Nova]] (in 1988), an Armenian-French song with [[Bratsch (band)|Bratsch]] (in 2007),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aravot-en.am/2018/10/08/219837/|title=What song was the French soldier singing at Aznavour's memorial service? Connection between Bratsch group and Aznavour |website=Aravot-en.am|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref> and a popular song, ''{{lang|hy-Latn|Im Yare}}''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armenianweekly.com/2010/01/11/charles-and-seda-aznavour-record-new-duo-in-armenian/|title=Charles and Seda Aznavour Record New Duo in Armenian|publisher=Armenian Weekly|date=12 January 2010|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> (in 2009) in Armenian. "[[Que C'est Triste Venise]]", sung in French, Italian ("{{lang|it|Com'è Triste Venezia}}"), Spanish ("{{lang|es|Venecia Sin Ti}}"), English ("How Sad Venice Can Be") and German ("{{lang|de|Venedig in Grau}}"), was very successful the mid-1960s.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20181001/muere-charles-aznavour-canciones-7064567| title=5 canciones para recordar a Charles Aznavour| publisher=El Periódico|date=1 October 2018| access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

1972 saw the release of his 23rd studio album, ''{{lang|fr|Idiote je t'aime...}}'', which contained among others, two of his classics - "{{lang|fr|Les plaisirs démodés}}" (Old-Fashioned Pleasures) and "{{lang|fr|Comme ils disent}}" (As They Say), the latter dealing with homosexuality, which at the time, was revolutionary.<ref>{{cite news |last=Haloche |first=Laurence |date=16 August 2011 |title=Comme ils disent , quand Aznavour aborde l'homosexualité sans tabou |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/2015/12/13/03006-20151213ARTFIG00013--comme-ils-disent-quand-aznavour-aborde-l-homosexualite-sans-tabou.php |work=[[Le Figaro]] |language=French |access-date=29 January 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151213174409/http://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/2015/12/13/03006-20151213ARTFIG00013--comme-ils-disent-quand-aznavour-aborde-l-homosexualite-sans-tabou.php |archive-date=13 December 2015}}</ref>

In 1974, Aznavour became a major success in the United Kingdom when his song "[[She (Charles Aznavour song)|She]]" was number 1 on the [[UK Singles Chart]] for four weeks during a fourteen-week run. His other well-known song in the UK was the 1973 "[[The Old Fashioned Way (song)|The Old Fashioned Way]]", which was on UK charts for 15 weeks.<ref>Talent in Europe / Billboard 22 January 1977, p. 36</ref><ref>Songwriters: a biographical dictionary with discographies - by Nigel Harrison - 1998 - p. 28</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/_/Charles+Aznavour|title=Official Charts Company|website=Officialcharts.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tsort.info/music/cw8ahr.htm|title=Song artist 642 - Charles Aznavour|publisher=Tsort.info|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref>

Artists who have recorded his songs and collaborated with Aznavour include [[Édith Piaf]], [[Fred Astaire]], [[Frank Sinatra]] (Aznavour was one of the rare European singers invited to duet with him<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rfimusique.com/musiqueen/articles/108/article_8139.asp|title=Album review - Charles Aznavour's "Duos"|publisher=RFI Musique|date=28 December 2009|access-date=18 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924121339/http://www.rfimusique.com/musiqueen/articles/108/article_8139.asp|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>), [[Andrea Bocelli]], [[Bing Crosby]], [[Ray Charles]], [[Bob Dylan]] (he named Aznavour among the greatest live performers he had ever seen),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://expectingrain.com/dok/int/RS1987.html#ca|title=Bob Dylan interview: Rolling Stone Nov/Dec 1987|publisher=Expectingrain.com|date=10 December 1995|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.covermesongs.com/2010/08/bob-dylan-the-times-weve-known.html|title=Song of the Day: Bob Dylan, 'The Times We've Known' (Charles Aznavour cover) » Cover Me|publisher=Covermesongs.com|date=13 August 2010|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> [[Dusty Springfield]], [[Liza Minnelli]], [[Mia Martini]], [[Elton John]], [[Dalida]], [[Serge Gainsbourg]], [[Josh Groban]], [[Petula Clark]], [[Tom Jones (singer)|Tom Jones]], [[Shirley Bassey]], [[José Carreras]], [[Laura Pausini]], [[Roy Clark]], [[Nana Mouskouri]], [[Peggy Lee]] and [[Julio Iglesias]]. Fellow French pop singer [[Mireille Mathieu]] sang and recorded with Aznavour on numerous occasions. The English singer [[Marc Almond]] was noted by Aznavour as his favourite interpreter of his songs, having covered Aznavour's "What makes a man a man" in the 1990s. Almond cited Aznavour as a major influence on his style and work. In 1974, [[Jack Jones (singer)|Jack Jones]] recorded an entire album of Aznavour compositions entitled ''Write Me A Love Song, Charlie'', re-released on CD in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jackjones.lolipop.jp/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412044204/http://jackjones.lolipop.jp/lovesongcharlie.htm|url-status=dead|title=HOME|archive-date=12 April 2008|website=The official Jack Jones website|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Jack Jones|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000GALD46|title=Jack Jones - Write Me a Love Song Charlie (Mini Lp Sleeve) - Amazon.com Music|website=Amazon|date=29 August 2006|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> Two years later, in 1976, Dutch singer [[Liesbeth List]] released her album ''Charles Aznavour Presents Liesbeth List'', which featured Aznavour's compositions with English lyrics. Aznavour and Italian tenor [[Luciano Pavarotti]] sang [[Charles Gounod|Gounod's]] aria "[[Ave Maria (Bach/Gounod)|Ave Maria]]" together. He performed with Russian cellist and friend [[Mstislav Rostropovich]] to inaugurate the [[Presidency of the Council of the European Union#1958 to 2006|French presidency of the European Union]] in 1995. [[Elvis Costello]] recorded "She" for the film ''[[Notting Hill (film)|Notting Hill]]''. One of Aznavour's greatest friends and collaborators from the music industry was Spanish operatic tenor [[Plácido Domingo]], who often performs his hits, most notably a solo studio recording of "{{lang|fr|Les bâteaux sont partis}}" in 1985 and duet versions of the song in French and Spanish in 2008, as well as multiple live renditions of Aznavour's "Ave Maria". In 1994, Aznavour performed with Domingo again and Norwegian [[soprano]] [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]] at Domingo's third annual ''[[Plácido Domingo#Christmas in Vienna|Christmas in Vienna]]'' concert. The three singers performed a variety of carols, medleys and duets, and the concert was televised throughout the world, as well as [[Christmas in Vienna III|released on a CD]] internationally.<ref name=bach-cantatas>{{cite web|author=Aryeh Oron|url=http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Bio/Sissel.htm|title=Sissel Kyrkjebø (Soprano)|publisher=Bach-cantatas.com|date=October 2005|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref>

At the start of autumn 2006, Aznavour initiated his farewell tour, performing in the United States and Canada, and earning very positive reviews. Aznavour started 2007 with concerts all over Japan and Asia. The second half of 2007 saw Aznavour return to Paris for over 20 shows at the [[Palais des congrès de Paris|Palais des Congrès]] in Paris, followed by more touring in Belgium, the Netherlands, and the rest of France. Aznavour had repeatedly stated that this farewell tour, health permitting, would likely last beyond 2010; after that, however, Charles Aznavour continued performing worldwide throughout the year. At 84, 60 years on stage made him "a little hard of hearing".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.expatica.com/fr/uncategorized/aznavours-long-goodbye-83-and-still-singing-111651/|title=Aznavour's long goodbye – 83 and still singing|publisher=Expatica.com|date=8 October 2007|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> In his final years he would still sing in multiple languages and without persistent use of teleprompters, but typically he would stick to just two or three (French and English being the primary two, with Spanish or Italian being the third) during most concerts.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/18/arts/music/18azna.html?ex=1167368400&en=5b722c96ea2a5172&ei=5070|title=At 82, Charles Aznavour Is Singing a Farewell That Could Last for Years|last=Riding|first=Alan|date=18 September 2006|newspaper=The New York Times|quote=There are some people who grow old and others who just add years. I have added years, but I am not yet old}}</ref> On 30 September 2006, Aznavour performed a major concert in [[Yerevan]], the capital of Armenia, to start off the cultural season "{{lang|fr|Arménie mon amie}}". Then Armenian president [[Robert Kocharyan]] and his French counterpart [[Jacques Chirac]], at the time on an official visit to Armenia, were in front-row attendance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEn/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203075202/http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEn/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|url-status=dead|title=Biographie|archive-date=3 December 2013|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref>

[[File:Charles Aznavour Cannes.jpg|thumb|165px|Aznavour at the 1999 [[Cannes Film Festival]]]]

In 2006, Aznavour recorded his album ''{{lang|fr|Colore ma vie}}'' in Cuba, with [[Chucho Valdés]].<ref>{{cite news | author=François-Xavier Gomez | url=https://next.liberation.fr/musique/2018/10/02/un-tropisme-latino-pour-aznavour_1682505 | title=Un tropisme latino pour Aznavour | newspaper=Libération | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018 | language=fr | archive-date=3 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003133347/https://next.liberation.fr/musique/2018/10/02/un-tropisme-latino-pour-aznavour_1682505 | url-status=dead }}</ref> A regular guest vocalist on ''[[Star Academy]]'', Aznavour sang alongside contestant [[Cyril Cinélu]] that same year.<ref>{{cite web | author=Marie Boscher| url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/hommages-outre-mer-charles-aznavour-mort-94-ans-633416.html | title=Hommages de l'Outre-mer à Charles Aznavour, mort à 94 ans | publisher=France Info | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018 |language=fr}}</ref> In 2007, he sang part of "[[Une vie d'amour]]" in Russian during a Moscow concert.<ref>{{cite news | author=Yan Shenkman| url=https://fr.rbth.com/art/2014/05/22/le_destin_russe_daznavour_29243 | title=Le destin russe d'Aznavour | newspaper=Russia Beyond the Headlines | date=22 May 2014 | access-date=2 October 2018 |language=fr}}</ref> Later, in July 2007, Aznavour was invited to perform at the [[Vieilles Charrues Festival]].<ref>{{cite news | author=Anaelle Berre | url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/people/charles-aznavour/charles-aznavour-un-rappel-exceptionnel-aux-vieilles-charrues-2007-5996134 | title=Charles Aznavour. Un rappel exceptionnel aux Vieilles Charrues 2007 | newspaper=Ouest-France | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref>

''[[Forever Cool]]'' (2007), an album from Capitol/EMI, features Aznavour singing a new duet of "[[Everybody Loves Somebody|Everybody Loves Somebody Sometime]]" with the voice of [[Dean Martin]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.giornaledibrescia.it/italia-ed-estero/la-francia-dice-addio-a-charles-aznavour-1.3304611 | title=La Francia dice addio a Charles Aznavour | newspaper=Giornale di Brescia | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018|language=it}}</ref>

Aznavour finished a tour of Portugal in February 2008.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://visao.sapo.pt/actualidade/cultura/2018-10-01-Morreu-cantor-e-compositor-Charles-Aznavour | title=Morreu cantor e compositor Charles Aznavour | magazine=Visão | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018|language=pt}}</ref> Throughout the spring of 2008, Aznavour toured South America, holding a multitude of concerts in [[Argentina]], Brazil, Chile and [[Uruguay]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/magazine/2008/05/06/303093/aznavour-llega-a-chile-con-su-ultimo-disco-recien-editado-en-espanol.html | title=Aznavour llega a Chile con su último disco recién editado en español | newspaper=El Mercurio | date=6 May 2008 | access-date=2 October 2018|language=es}}</ref>

An admirer of [[Quebec]], where he played in [[Montreal]] cabarets before becoming famous, he helped the career of Québécoise singer-lyricist [[Lynda Lemay]] in France, and had a house in Montreal. On 5 July 2008, he was invested as an honorary officer of the [[Order of Canada#Honorary officer|Order of Canada]]. He performed the following day on the [[Plains of Abraham]] as a feature of the [[Quebec City Summer Festival|celebration]] of the 400th anniversary of the founding of [[Quebec City]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Andy Blatchford |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080705.waznavour0705/BNStory/Entertainment/home |title=Aznavour receives Order of Canada honours in Quebec |publisher=globeandmail.com |access-date=1 May 2011 |url-status=dead |location=Toronto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116025859/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080705.waznavour0705/BNStory/Entertainment/home |archive-date=16 January 2009 }}</ref>

In 2008, an album of duets, ''Duos'', was released. It is a collaborative effort featuring Aznavour and his greatest friends and partners from his long career in the music industry, including [[Céline Dion]], [[Sting (musician)|Sting]], [[Laura Pausini]], [[Josh Groban]], [[Paul Anka]], Plácido Domingo and many others.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jason Birchmeier|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/duos-mw0000805903|title=Charles Aznavour – Duos|website=AllMusic}}</ref> It was released on various dates in December 2008 across the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voir.ca/blogs/manuel_champagne/archive/2008/10/22/charles-aznavour-se-paie-la-171-totale-187-dans-son-nouvel-album.aspx|title=Charles Aznavour se paie "la totale" dans son nouvel album|trans-title=Charles Aznavour pays himself "it all" in his new album|publisher=Voir.ca|date=22 October 2008|access-date=1 May 2011|language=fr|archive-date=14 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614072133/http://www.voir.ca/blogs/manuel_champagne/archive/2008/10/22/charles-aznavour-se-paie-la-171-totale-187-dans-son-nouvel-album.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> His next album, ''Charles Aznavour and The Clayton Hamilton Jazz Orchestra'' (previously known as ''Jazznavour 2''), is a continuation in the same vein as his hit album ''Jazznavour'' released in 1998, involving new arrangements on his classic songs with a jazz orchestra and other guest jazz artists. It was released on 27 November 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Charles Aznavour|url=http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/chanson/charles-aznavour/biography|publisher=RFI Music|access-date=14 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415230151/http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/chanson/charles-aznavour/biography|archive-date=15 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:2014.06.23. Charles Aznavour Fot Mariusz Kubik 01.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Aznavour in 2014]]

Aznavour and [[Senegal|Senegalese]] singer [[Youssou N'Dour]], with the collaboration of over 40 French singers and musicians, recorded a music video with the music group [[Band Aid (band)|Band Aid]] in the aftermath of the [[Disaster|catastrophic]] [[2010 Haiti earthquake]], titled ''{{lang|fr|1 geste pour Haïti chérie}}''.<ref>{{cite news|agency=AFP|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gQCv5Op1eurkYtoZz7S_ba5vpMkg|title=French music stars mobilise for Haiti|date=15 January 2010|access-date=1 May 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123021824/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gQCv5Op1eurkYtoZz7S_ba5vpMkg|archive-date=23 January 2010}}</ref>

In 2009, Aznavour also toured across America. The tour, named ''{{lang|fr|Aznavour en liberté}}'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://patwhite.com/node/5598|title=Aznavour en Liberté|publisher=Patwhite.com|date=23 April 2009|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> started in late April 2009 with a wave of concerts across the United States and Canada, took him across Latin America in the autumn, as well as the USA once again. In August 2011 Aznavour released a new album, ''{{lang|fr|Aznavour Toujours}}'', featuring 11 new songs, and ''{{lang|fr|Elle}}'', a French re-working of his greatest international hit, "[[She (Charles Aznavour song)|She]]". Following the release of ''{{lang|fr|Aznavour Toujours}}'', then 87-year-old Aznavour began a tour across France and Europe, named ''{{lang|fr|Charles Aznavour en Toute Intimité}}'', which started with 21 concerts in the Olympia theatre in Paris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.songkick.com/artists/302900-charles-aznavour/calendar?page=1|title=Charles Aznavour upcoming concerts|publisher=Songkick.com|date=9 January 2011|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> On 12 December 2011, he gave a concert in Moscow [[State Kremlin Palace]] that attracted a capacity crowd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/12/13/62116389.html|title=Charles Aznavour wows Moscow|date=13 December 2011|work=[[The Voice of Russia]]|access-date=20 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108165851/http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/12/13/62116389.html|archive-date=8 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The concert was followed by a standing ovation which continued for about fifteen minutes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.am/eng/news/85654.html|title=Moscow impressed by Charles Aznavour (VIDEO)|publisher=News.am|date=13 December 2011|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref>

In 2012, Aznavour embarked on a new North American leg of his ''{{lang|fr|En toute intimité}}'' tour, visiting [[Quebec (Province)|Quebec]] and the [[Gibson Amphitheatre]] in Los Angeles, the third-largest such venue in California, for multiple shows. However, the shows in New York were cancelled following a contract dispute.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/24/charles-aznavour-cancels-new-york-shows-in-contract-dispute/?_r=0|newspaper=The New York Times|first=Jennifer|last=Schuessler|title=Charles Aznavour Cancels New York Shows in Contract Dispute|date=24 April 2012}}</ref> On 16 August 2012, Aznavour performed in his father's birthplace, [[Akhaltsikhe]], in Georgia in a special concert as part of the opening ceremony of the recently restored Rabati castle.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/690552/|title=The star of Charles Aznavour was placed in Akhaltsikhe|work=[[Armenpress]]|date=17 August 2012|access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

On 25 October 2013, Aznavour performed in London for the first time in 25 years at the [[Royal Albert Hall]]; demand was so high that a second concert at the Royal Albert Hall was scheduled for June 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalalberthall.com/tickets/charles-aznavour/default.aspx|title=Charles Aznavour — Royal Albert Hall|publisher=Royalalberthall.com|date=3 November 2015|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> In November 2013, Aznavour appeared with [[Achinoam Nini]] (Noa) in a concert, dedicated to peace, at the Nokia Arena in [[Tel Aviv]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Noa and Charles Aznavour – She|url=http://www.noasmusic.com/noa-charles-aznavour-she/|website=Achinoam Nini's Official Website|date=29 September 2014}}</ref> The audience, including Israeli president [[Shimon Peres]] (Peres and Aznavour had a meeting prior to the performance), sang along.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fay|first=Greer|url=http://www.jpost.com/Arts-and-Culture/Music/Peres-among-Israeli-fans-attending-Aznavour-concert-332878|title=Peres among Israeli fans attending Aznavour concert - Arts & Culture - Jerusalem Post|publisher=Jpost.com|date=24 November 2013|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> In December 2013, Aznavour gave two concerts in the Netherlands at the [[Heineken Music Hall]] in Amsterdam, and again in January 2016 (originally scheduled for November 2015, but postponed due to him suffering a brief bout of [[stomach flu]]).<ref>{{cite news |last=Brulin |first=Gael |date=26 November 2015 |title=Charles Aznavour : des concerts aux Pays-Bas reportés pour raisons de santé |url=https://www.24matins.fr/charles-aznavour-nassurera-pas-ses-concerts-aux-pays-bas-pour-raisons-de-sante-253961 |work=24matins |language=French |access-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204082136/https://www.24matins.fr/charles-aznavour-nassurera-pas-ses-concerts-aux-pays-bas-pour-raisons-de-sante-253961 |archive-date=4 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Leprovost |first=Pierre-Maxime |date=22 December 2016 |title=En plein concert au Palais des Sports, Charles Aznavour se moque de Michel Polnareff [Photos] |url=https://www.telestar.fr/culture/en-plein-concert-au-palais-des-sports-charles-aznavour-se-moque-de-michel-polnareff-photos-256860 |work=Télé Star |language=French |access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

Aznavour continued his international tour performing in many cities around the world between 2014 and 2018. On 19 September 2018, what was to be his last concert took place in the NHK Hall of Osaka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.setlist.fm/search?query=artist:(Charles+Aznavour)+date:%5B2018-01-01+TO+2018-12-31%5D|title=Search for setlists: artist:(Charles Aznavour) date:[2018-01-01 TO 2018-12-31]|website=Setlist.fm|access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref>

===Film appearances===
''See: [[#Filmography|Filmography]]''

Aznavour also had a long and varied parallel career as an actor, appearing in over 80 films and TV movies. In 1960, Aznavour starred in [[François Truffaut]]'s ''[[Shoot the Piano Player|Tirez sur le pianiste]]'' (released in America as ''Shoot the Piano Player''), playing a character called Édouard Saroyan, a café pianist. He also put in a critically acclaimed performance in the 1974 movie ''[[And Then There Were None (1974 film)|And Then There Were None]]''. Aznavour had an important supporting role in 1979's ''[[The Tin Drum (film)|The Tin Drum]]'', winner of the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]] in 1980. He co-starred in [[Claude Chabrol]]'s [[Les Fantômes du chapelier]] from 1982. In the 1984 version of ''[[Die Fledermaus]]'', he appears and performs as one of Prince Orlovsky's guests. This version stars [[Kiri Te Kanawa]] and was directed by Plácido Domingo in the Royal Opera House at [[Covent Garden]].<ref>{{cite web|last=IMDB|title=Die Fledermaus|website=[[IMDb]]|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0263346/}}</ref> Aznavour starred in the 2002 movie ''[[Ararat (film)|Ararat]]'', reprising his role of Edward (Édouard) Saroyan.<ref>{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Kevin |date=15 November 2002 |title=Genocide haunts and connects them |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-nov-15-et-ararat15-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref>

==Politics and activism==
===Civil rights===
Aznavour was well known for being a lifelong and active supporter of civil rights, fighting for equality among all races, religions and nationalities as he stated in many of his interviews during his lifetime. He was an early supporter of [[LGBT rights by country or territory|LGBT rights]]. His 1972 album, ''Idiote je t'aime...'', contained among others, one of his classics, "Comme ils disent" ("As They Say", the English version of which is titled "What Makes a Man"). The song was revolutionary at a time when talking about homosexuality was a taboo. In a later interview, Charles said "It's a kind of sickness I have, talking about things you're not supposed to talk about. I started with homosexuality and I wanted to break every taboo."<ref>{{cite news|author=Angelique Chrisafis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/jun/19/charles-aznavour-i-wanted-to-break-every-taboo|title=Charles Aznavour: 'I wanted to break every taboo'|newspaper=The Guardian|date=21 June 2015}}</ref>

=== Armenian activism ===
[[File:Charles Aznavour Museum, ArmAg.JPG|thumbnail|[[Charles Aznavour Museum]] in Yerevan]]
Following the [[1988 Armenian earthquake]], Aznavour helped the country through his charity, Aznavour for Armenia. Together with his brother in-law and co-author [[Georges Garvarentz]] he wrote the song "[[Pour toi Arménie]]", which was performed by a group of famous French artists and topped the charts for eighteen weeks. There are squares named after him with his statues [[Charles Aznavour Square, Yerevan|in central Yerevan]] on [[Abovyan Street]], and [[Charles Aznavour Square, Gyumri|in northern part of Gyumri]], which saw the most lives lost in the earthquake. In 1995 Aznavour was appointed an Ambassador and Permanent Delegate of Armenia to [[UNESCO]]. Aznavour was a member of the [[Armenia Fund]] International Board of Trustees. The organization has rendered more than $150 million in humanitarian aid and infrastructure development assistance to Armenia since 1992. He was appointed as "Officier" (Officer) of the [[Légion d'honneur]] in 1997.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://en.rfi.fr/20181001-charles-aznavour-dies-aged-94/ | title=Charles Aznavour dies, aged 94 | publisher=Radio France Internationale | date=1 October 2018 | author=Cross, Tony}}</ref>

In 2002, Aznavour appeared in director [[Atom Egoyan|Atom Egoyan's]] film ''[[Ararat (film)|Ararat]]'', about the [[Armenian genocide|genocide of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire]] in the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bernstein |first1=Adam |title=Charles Aznavour, daring and adored French singer and composer, dies at 94 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/local/obituaries/charles-aznavour-daring-and-adored-french-singer-and-composer-dies-at-94/2018/10/01/bf080f3e-c577-11e8-b1ed-1d2d65b86d0c_story.html&freshcontent=1 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref>

In 2004, Aznavour received the title of [[National Hero of Armenia]], Armenia's highest award. In 2005, he received the Ziad Karim's award. On 26 December 2008, President of Armenia [[Serzh Sargsyan]] signed a presidential decree for granting citizenship of Armenia to Aznavour whom he called a "prominent singer and public figure" and "a hero of the Armenian people".<ref name="Itzkoff" /><ref>{{cite news|title=French crooner Charles Aznavour granted Armenian citizenship|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20081227-french-crooner-charles-aznavour-granted-armenian-citizenship-/|agency=[[France 24]]|date=27 December 2008}}</ref>

In 2011, the [[Charles Aznavour Museum]] opened in Yerevan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Charles Aznavour's house museum ceremonially opens |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/665332.html |work=Armenpress |date=7 October 2011 |access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

In April 2016, Aznavour visited Armenia to participate in the [[Aurora Prize]] Award ceremony. On 24 April, along with [[Serzh Sargsyan]], the Catholicos of All Armenians, [[Garegin II]] and actor [[George Clooney]], he laid flowers at the [[Armenian Genocide Memorial]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armradio.am/en/2016/04/21/charles-aznavour-arrives-in-armenia-3/|title=Charles Aznavour arrives in Armenia|date=21 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/210947/|title=President, Aznavour, Clooney visit Genocide memorial|website=PanArmenian.net|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref>

In October 2016, Aznavour joined other prominent Armenians on calling the government of Armenia to adopt "new development strategies based on inclusiveness and collective action" and to create "an opportunity for the Armenian world to pivot toward a future of prosperity, to transform the post-Soviet Armenian Republic into a vibrant, modern, secure, peaceful and progressive homeland for a global nation."<ref>{{cite news |title='Global Armenians' Ad in NY Times Calls For 'Inclusive Leadership' in Armenia |url=http://asbarez.com/156506/global-armenians-ad-in-ny-times-calls-for-inclusive-leadership-in-armenia/ |work=[[Asbarez]] |date=October 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200803111610/http://asbarez.com/156506/global-armenians-ad-in-ny-times-calls-for-inclusive-leadership-in-armenia/ |archive-date=3 August 2020}}; text also available at {{cite web |title=The Future for All Armenians Is Now |url=https://auroraprize.com/en/news/detail/10454/future-for-global-armenians-is-now |website=auroraprize.com |publisher=[[Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200803111725/https://auroraprize.com/en/news/detail/10454/future-for-global-armenians-is-now |archive-date=3 August 2020}}</ref>

Along with holding the mostly ceremonial title of French [[ambassador-at-large]] to Armenia, Aznavour agreed to hold the position of Ambassador of Armenia to Switzerland on 12 February 2009:

<blockquote>First I hesitated, as it is not an easy task. Then I thought that what is important for Armenia is important for us. I have accepted the proposal with love, happiness and feeling of deep dignity<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panorama.am/en/politics/2009/02/13/posol/|title=Charles Aznavour Ambassador of Armenia to Switzerland|publisher=Panorama.am|date=13 February 2009|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref></blockquote>He wrote a song about the [[Armenian genocide]], entitled "[[Ils sont tombés]]" (known in English as "They fell").<ref>{{cite news|author=Nora Koloyan-Keuhnelian|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/33/312664/Arts--Culture/Music/Adieu-Aznavour.aspx|title=Adieu Aznavour|newspaper=[[Al-Ahram]]|date=2 October 2018|access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

Charles Aznavour and his son Nicolas Aznavour created Aznavour Foundation which aims to continue the educational, cultural and social projects started by the artist, as well as to preserve and promote the cultural and humanitarian heritage of Charles Aznavour who fought against any discrimination through his art and his global actions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.aznavourfoundation.org/aznavour-foundation-about-foundation-w1.html |title=About foundation |publisher=Aznavourfoundation.org |access-date=2021-07-14 |quote=The Aznavour Foundation, created by Charles Aznavour and his son Nicolas Aznavour aims at continuing the development and implementation of educational, cultural and social projects started by the legendary artist. |archive-date=14 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714090133/https://en.aznavourfoundation.org/aznavour-foundation-about-foundation-w1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Political involvement ===
{{quote box
| width = 22%
| align = right
| quote = Though he is considered the embodiment of Frenchness, Charles Aznavour is in fact a proud Armenian without a corpuscle of French blood in his body.
| source =  —[[Herbert Kretzmer]], Aznavour's long-time English lyric writer, 2014<ref>{{cite book|last=Kretzmer|first=Herbert|author-link1=Herbert Kretzmer|title=Snapshots: Encounters with Twentieth-Century Legends|chapter=Charles Aznavour - Troubadour|date=2014|publisher=[[Biteback Publishing]]}}</ref>}}

Aznavour was increasingly involved in French, Armenian and international politics as his career progressed. During the [[2002 French presidential election]]s, when far-right nationalist [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]] of the [[National Front (France)|National Front]] made it into the runoff election, facing incumbent [[Jacques Chirac]], Aznavour signed the "Vive la France" petition, and called on all French to "sing the [[La Marseillaise|Marseillaise]]" in protest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEN/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|title=Biography – Charles Aznavour|publisher=Rfimusique.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110416155211/http://www.rfimusique.com/siteen/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|archive-date=16 April 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> Chirac, a personal friend of Aznavour's,<ref>{{cite news |last=Liabot |first=Thomas |date=1 October 2018 |title=Charles Aznavour, l'homme des présidents |url=https://www.lejdd.fr/Culture/charles-aznavour-lhomme-des-presidents-3768698 |work=[[Le Journal du Dimanche]] |access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref> ended up winning in a landslide, carrying over 82% of the vote.<ref>{{cite news |last=Henley |first=Jon |date=6 May 2002 |title=Le Pen defeated but defiant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/may/06/france.thefarright2 |work=The Guardian |language=French |access-date=1 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020151337/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/may/06/france.thefarright2 |archive-date=20 October 2018}}</ref>

He frequently campaigned for international [[History of copyright law|copyright law reform]]. In November 2005 he met with then [[President of the European Commission]] [[José Manuel Barroso]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_views/view017.html|title=Charles Aznavour meets EC President José Manuel Barroso|date=1 September 2005|publisher=Ifpi.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615135028/http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_views/view017.html|archive-date=15 June 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> on the issue of the review of term of protection for performers and producers in the EU, advocating an extension of the EU's term of protection from the current 50 years to the United States' law allowing 95 years, saying "[o]n term of protection, artists and record companies are of the same mind. Extension of term of protection would be good for European culture, positive for the European economy and would put an end the current discrimination with the U.S." He also notably butted heads with French politician [[Christine Boutin]] over her defense of a "global license" flat-fee authorization for sharing of copyrighted files over the internet, claiming that the license would eliminate creativity. In May 2009, the French [[Senate of France|Senate]] approved one of the strictest [[Copyright law of France|internet anti-piracy bills]] ever with a landslide 189–14 vote. Aznavour was a vocal proponent of the measure and considered it a rousing victory:

<blockquote>If the youth can't make a living through creative work, they will do something else and the artistic world will be dealt a blow ... There will be no more songs, no more books, nothing at all. So we had to fight<ref>{{cite news|title=French bill to combat Internet piracy clears final hurdle|url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-technology/french-bill-to-combat-internet-piracy-clears-final-hurdle-20090513-b3bs.html|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=13 May 2009}}</ref>
</blockquote>

== Legacy ==

When [[Bob Dylan]] was asked who some of his favorite musicians are, he stated, "I like Charles Aznavour a lot. I saw him in sixty-something at [[Carnegie Hall]], and he just blew my brains out."<ref>''[[Rolling Stone]]'', 1987 (precise issue and date unknown)</ref>

[[Sting (musician)|Sting]] has stated that "To me he [Aznavour] is an icon. Not only as a singer, but as an actor, as a personality, as a master of 'chanson'."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03yfR1jaq6A |title=Sting Discusses DUETS - L'Amour C'est Comme Un Jour with Charles Aznavour |author=Sting |author-link=Sting (musician) |date=2 March 2021 |website=YouTube |access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref>

Aznavour was also highly regarded by [[Frank Sinatra]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Viscusi |first=Gregory |date=4 October 2018 |title=Charles Aznavour, a French singer compared to Sinatra, dies at 94 |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/obituaries/2018/10/04/Charles-Aznavour-a-French-singer-compared-to-Sinatra-dies-at-94/stories/201810040222 |work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |access-date=4 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803054317/https://www.post-gazette.com/news/obituaries/2018/10/04/Charles-Aznavour-a-French-singer-compared-to-Sinatra-dies-at-94/stories/201810040222 |archive-date=3 August 2021}}</ref> [[Celine Dion]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Kocharyan |first=Stepan |date=2 October 2018 |title='Monsieur Charles, you will always remain For me Formidable' – Celine Dion's touching words on Aznavour's death |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/949305.html |work=Armenpress |access-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002081736/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/949305.html |archive-date=2 October 2018}}</ref> [[Edith Piaf]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Leigh |first=Spencer |date=3 October 2018 |title=Charles Aznavour: French singer championed by Edith Piaf who never forgot his Armenian roots |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/charles-aznavour-dead-french-singer-frank-sinatra-edith-piaf-armenian-a8564646.html |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=3 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005203507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/charles-aznavour-dead-french-singer-frank-sinatra-edith-piaf-armenian-a8564646.html |archive-date=5 October 2018}}</ref> and [[Liza Minnelli]], with whom he performed and recorded. Minnelli has said of the singer, "He changed my entire life."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Liza Minnelli, the one and only|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/liza-minnelli-the-one-and-only/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Cbsnews.com|date=16 January 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In August 2017, at age 93, he was awarded a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/25/french-singer-charles-aznavour-gets-hollywood-star-age-93/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/25/french-singer-charles-aznavour-gets-hollywood-star-age-93/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=French singer Charles Aznavour gets Hollywood star at age of 93|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|via=Reuters News|date=25 August 2017|access-date=5 May 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Aznavour has been widely regarded as one of the most famous [[Armenians]] of his time,<ref>{{cite news |last=Mkrtchyan |first=Hasmik |date=2 October 2018 |title=Armenians pay last tribute to beloved singer Aznavour |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-aznavour-armenia/armenians-pay-last-tribute-to-beloved-singer-aznavour-idUSKCN1MC1QX |work=Reuters |access-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002155716/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-aznavour-armenia/armenians-pay-last-tribute-to-beloved-singer-aznavour-idUSKCN1MC1QX |archive-date=2 October 2018}}</ref> and a major pop culture icon of the 20th century.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dupont |first=Veronique |date=25 August 2017 |title=Charles Aznavour, the 'French Frank Sinatra', honoured with Hollywood Walk of Fame star |url=https://www.thelocal.fr/20170825/french-legend-charles-aznavour-dubbed-the-french-frank-sinatra-honoured-with-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star/ |work=[[The Local]] |access-date=6 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206081932/https://www.thelocal.fr/20170825/french-legend-charles-aznavour-dubbed-the-french-frank-sinatra-honoured-with-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star/ |archive-date=6 December 2017}}</ref>

His musicality and fame abroad had a significant impact on many areas of pop culture. Aznavour's name inspired the alias of the character [[Char Aznable]] by [[Yoshiyuki Tomino]] in his 1979 [[mecha anime]] series ''[[Mobile Suit Gundam]]''. Char would become a Japanese pop cultural icon and the most famous character over a decades-long franchise.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbr.com/mobile-suit-gundam-char-aznable-facts-true-fans-know/ |title=Mobile Suit Gundam: 10 Things Only True Fans Know About Char Aznable |last=Ashford |first=Sage |date=31 December 2019 |website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |access-date=31 December 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101141829/https://www.cbr.com/mobile-suit-gundam-char-aznable-facts-true-fans-know/ |archive-date=1 January 2020}}</ref>

Music critic Stephen Holden described Aznavour as a "French pop deity".<ref name="holden-tnyt" />

His song "[[Parce Que Tu Crois]]" was sampled by producer [[Dr. Dre]] for the song "What's the Difference" (featuring [[Eminem]] & [[Xzibit]]), from his album ''[[2001 (Dr. Dre album)|2001]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiser |first=Danny |date=2021-10-25 |title=FRANCE/ARMENIA: La Bohème - Charles Aznavour |url=https://www.200worldalbums.com/post/france-armenia-la-boh%C3%A8me-charles-aznavour |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=200worldalbums.com |language=en}}</ref>



At the [[2022 Winter Olympics]] American figure skater [[Nathan Chen]] performed his team event short program on February 4, 2022, to Aznavour's ''La Boheme''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/nathan-chen-team-event-clean-short-program|title=Nathan Chen makes a statement with commanding short program in Olympic team event | NBC Olympics|website=Nbcolympics.com|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
[[File:Charles aznavour.jpg|thumb|left|Aznavour in the late 2000s]]

Aznavour was married three times: to Micheline Rugel (in 1946),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0002198/bio|title=Biography for Charles Aznavour|publisher=imdb.com|access-date=29 January 2013}}</ref> Evelyn Plessis (in 1956) and his widow, Ulla Thorsell (in 1967). Six children were produced by these marriages: [[Seda Aznavour|Seda]], Charles, Patrick, Katia, Mischa, and Nicolas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monsieur-biographie.com/celebrite/biographie/charles_aznavour-1503.php|title=Biographie de Charles Aznavour|publisher=leParisien.fr|access-date=29 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.femmeactuelle.fr/actu/news-actu/charles-aznavour-qui-sont-ses-six-enfants-2070163|title=Charles Aznavour : qui sont ses six enfants, Seda, Charles, Patrick, Katia, Mischa et Nicolas ?|date=1 October 2018|magazine=[[Femme Actuelle]]|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref>

Aznavour often joked about his physique, the most talked-about aspect of which was his height; he stood {{convert|160|cm|ftin|0|abbr=on}} tall. He made this a source of self-deprecating humour over the years.<ref name="encyclopedia" />

In April 2018, shortly before his 94th birthday, Aznavour was taken to hospital in [[Saint Petersburg]] after straining his back during a rehearsal prior to a concert in the city. The concert was postponed until the following season, but eventually cancelled since he died six months later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asbarez.com/171907/charles-aznavour-hospitalized-in-st-petersburg/|title=Charles Aznavour Hospitalized in St. Petersburg – Asbarez.com|website=asbarez.com|access-date=5 May 2018|date=25 April 2018}}</ref> On 5 May 2018, he was a guest on BBC Radio 2's ''[[Graham Norton#Radio|Graham Norton]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0b196f5|title=With Pam Ayres, Charles Aznavour, plus Rylan Clark-Neal and Scott Mills, Graham Norton – BBC Radio 2|website=BBC|access-date=5 May 2018}}</ref>

A week later, on 12 May, he broke his arm in two places in a fall at his home in the village of [[Mouriès]], resulting in the cancellation of all shows until the end of June. This was eventually extended to include the 18 shows scheduled for August, because of a longer healing process.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywood.com/general/charles-aznavour-cancels-more-appearances-due-to-broken-arm-60724248/|title=Charles Aznavour cancels more appearances due to broken arm|website=hollywood.com|access-date=2 October 2018|date=18 June 2018}}</ref> In a program on French television broadcast on 28 September, only three days before his death, he mentioned that he was still feeling the pain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yO3VdHuop50 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/yO3VdHuop50| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|title=Aznavour: le monument français! – C à Vous – 28/09/2018|website=YouTube|date=28 September 2018|access-date=2 October 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== Death and funeral ==
{{external media|float=right|width=250px|video1=[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ko_wz5Ijn5w&list=LLUIxeJpjyot4tTyNwP2fNfg&t Charles Aznavour's Funeral]}}
On 1 October 2018, Aznavour was found dead in a bathtub at his home at Mouriès at the age of 94.<ref name="francetvinfo">{{cite web|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/emploi/metiers/art-culture-edition/mort-de-charles-aznavour-la-cause-de-la-mort-est-naturelle_2966913.html|title=Mort de Charles Aznavour : "La cause de la mort est naturelle"|website=[[FranceTV]]|date=2 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtl.fr/culture/musique/charles-aznavour-est-decede-a-l-age-de-94-ans-7795003841|title=Charles Aznavour est décédé à l'âge de 94 ans|website=RTL France|date=1 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref><ref name="LD">{{cite web|url=https://www.ledauphine.com/france-monde/2018/10/01/le-chanteur-charles-aznavour-est-decede|title=Le chanteur Charles Aznavour est décédé|newspaper=[[Le Dauphiné libéré]]|date=1 October 2018|access-date=1 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-45709214?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_linkname=news_central&ns_campaign=bbc_breaking|title=Singer Charles Aznavour dies at 94|website=[[BBC News (TV Channel)|BBC News]]|date=1 October 2018|access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/01/obituaries/charles-aznavour-dead.html|title=Charles Aznavour, Enduring French Singer of Global Fame, Dies at 94|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1 October 2018|access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref> At the time of his death his tax residence was in [[Saint-Sulpice, Vaud]], Switzerland.<ref>{{cite news|author=Marion Moussadek|url=http://www.lematin.ch/people/aznavour-j-pousse-vivre-suisse/story/27633469|title=Aznavour: "J'ai été poussé à vivre en Suisse"|newspaper=[[Le Matin (Switzerland)|Le Matin]]|date=12 November 2013|access-date=13 November 2013|language=fr}}</ref> The autopsy report concluded that Aznavour died of [[cardiorespiratory arrest]] complicated by an acute [[pulmonary edema]].<ref name="francetvinfo"/> A requiem mass for him was held on 6 October by Catholicos [[Karekin II]] at the [[Armenian Cathedral of St. John the Baptist]] in Paris.<ref>{{cite news|title=PM Pashinyan attends requiem ceremony offered for Charles Aznavour at St. John the Baptist Church in Paris|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/949966.html|work=Armenpress|date=6 October 2018}}</ref>

On 5 October, Aznavour was honoured with a [[state funeral]] at [[Les Invalides]] in Paris. The president [[Emmanuel Macron]] delivered a eulogy describing Aznavour as one of the most important "faces of France", and his lyrics as, "for millions of people a balm, a remedy, a comfort ... For so many decades, he has made our life sweeter, our tears less bitter." His coffin was carried out as his song, "Emmenez-Moi" (Take Me Along), played.<ref>{{cite news|author=Angelique Chrisafis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/05/in-france-poets-never-die-france-pays-homage-to-aznavour-funeral|title='In France, poets never die': Macron pays tribute to Aznavour 'Son of immigrants' likened to Apollinaire and praised for his cultural contribution to France|newspaper=The Guardian|date=5 October 2018|access-date=14 October 2018}}</ref> Dignitaries attending the funeral also included [[French Prime Minister]] [[Édouard Philippe]], former presidents [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] and [[François Hollande]], as well as [[Armenian President]] [[Armen Sarkissian]] and Prime Minister [[Nikol Pashinyan]] and their wives.<ref>{{cite news|author=Brian Love|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-aznavour/france-bids-adieu-to-aznavour-pays-tribute-to-armenian-roots-idUSKCN1MF0YY|title=France bids adieu to Aznavour, pays tribute to Armenian roots|website=[[Reuters]]|date=5 October 2018|access-date=14 October 2018}}</ref>

He is interred in the family crypt at the [[Montfort-l'Amaury]] cemetery.<ref>[https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/medias-people/du-monde-a-montfort-l-amaury-pour-se-recueillir-sur-la-tombe-de-charles-aznavour-1541236036 Du monde à Montfort l'Amaury pour se recueillir sur la tombe de Charles Aznavour], [[France Bleu]] (in French). 3 November 2018.</ref>

==Awards and recognition==
[[File:Charles Aznavour Gyumri statue 2.jpg|thumb|300px|Statue of Aznavour in [[Gyumri]], Armenia]]

===Decorations===
* [[File:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|40px]] Knight of the French [[Legion of Honour]]: 1989
* [[File:Legion Honneur Officier ribbon.svg|40px]] Officer of the French [[Legion of Honour]]: 1997<ref>{{cite web |date=2 January 2004 |title=France/Légion d'honneur : la promotion du Nouvel An ŕ de nombreuses personnalités de divers milieux |url=http://french.peopledaily.com.cn/french/200401/02/fra20040102_64742.html |access-date=18 August 2015 |publisher=French.peopledaily.com.cn |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[File:Legion Honneur Commandeur ribbon.svg|40px]] Commandeur of the French [[Legion of Honour]]: 2003<ref>{{Cite news |title=Aznavour commandeur de la Légion d'honneur |language=fr|url=https://o.nouvelobs.com/people/20040514.OBS9273/aznavour-commandeur-de-la-legion-d-honneur.html|website=O.nouvelobs.com|access-date=20 January 2018}}</ref>
* [[File:Ordre national du Merite Officier ribbon.svg|40px]] Officer in the [[Ordre national du Mérite|French Order of Merit]]: 1986
* [[File:Ordre national du Merite Commandeur ribbon.svg|40px]] Commandeur in the [[Ordre national du Mérite|French Order of Merit]]: 2000
* [[File:Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Commandeur ribbon.svg|40px]] Commandeur de l'[[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]]: 1997
* [[File:National Hero of Armenia ribbon.png|40px]] [[National Hero of Armenia]]: 2004<ref>{{cite web |date=28 May 2004 |title=Charles Aznavour and Kirk Kerkorian National Heroes of Armenia |url=http://www.panarmenian.net/news/eng/?nid=10630 |access-date=1 May 2011 |website=Panarmenian.net}}</ref>
* [[File:BEL Order of Leopold II - Officer BAR.png|40px]] Officer in the Belgian [[Order of Leopold II]]: 2004<ref>{{cite news |date=1 October 2018 |title=Les liens particuliers de Charles Aznavour avec la Belgique |language=fr |newspaper=La Libre |url=http://www.lalibre.be/culture/musique/les-liens-particuliers-de-charles-aznavour-avec-la-belgique-5bb24b45cd70a16d81296362 |access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[File:BEL Kroonorde Commandeur BAR.svg|40px]] Commandeur in the Belgian [[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Order of the Crown]]: 2015<ref>{{cite web |date=16 November 2015 |title=Charles Aznavour fait commandeur de l'Ordre de la couronne |url=https://www.rtbf.be/culture/musique/detail_charles-aznavour-fait-commandeur-de-l-ordre-de-la-couronne?id=9137952 |website=[[RTBF]] |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[File:CAN Order of Canada Officer ribbon.svg|40px]] Officer in the [[Order of Canada]]: 2008<ref name="The Canadian Press">{{cite web |date=31 March 2009 |title=Aznavour receives Order of Canada honours in Quebec - The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/article695422.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903182059/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/article695422.ece |archive-date=3 September 2009 |access-date=18 August 2015 |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]}}</ref>
* [[File:Barrette Ordre national du Québec - Officier.svg|40px]] Officer in the [[National Order of Quebec]]: 2009<ref>{{cite web |title=Citation |url=http://www.ordre-national.gouv.qc.ca/membres/membre.asp?id=2558 |work=National Order of Quebec}}</ref>
* [[File:JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 4Class BAR.svg|40px]] Japanese [[Order of the Rising Sun]]: 2018

===Honours===
* [[Medal of the City of Paris]]: 1969
* Grand Medal of the [[French Academy]]: 1995<ref>{{cite web |date=1 October 2018 |title=5 dates clés dans la carrière de Charles Aznavour |url=http://www.nostalgie.fr/artistes/charles-aznavour/actualites/5-dates-cles-dans-la-carriere-de-charles-aznavour-344036 |access-date=2 October 2018 |publisher=Nostalgie |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[Armenian nationality law|Citizenship]] of Armenia<ref name="Itzkoff" />
* [[Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal]]: 2012
* Raoul Wallenberg Medal: 2017<ref name="Wallenberg Medal" />

=== Awards ===
* Best Actor Award from the French Cinema Academy for his role in ''La Tête contre les murs'' by [[Georges Franju]]: 1959
* [[Edison Award]]s (three-time award winner): 1963, 1971 and 1980<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Lumley|editor1-first=Elizabeth|title=Canadian Who's Who 2009|date=2009|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|isbn=978-0802040923|page=50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X4cOAQAAMAAJ}}</ref>
* First Prize for French Song in Japan for La Mamma: 1964
* American Society of Songwriters Award: 1969
* [[Golden Lion]] Honorary Award at the [[Venice Film Festival]] for the Italian version of the song ''Mourir d'aimer'': 1971<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/musique/videos-mourir-d-aimer-charles-aznavour-contre-le-conservatisme-des-annees-1970_1699181.html | title=Mourir d'aimer: Charles Aznavour contre le conservatisme des années 1970 | magazine=L'Express | date=19 July 2015 | access-date=2 October 2018 | author=Colonna-Césari, Annick}}</ref>
* Bernard-Lecache award
* Ambassador of Goodwill and Permanent Delegate of Armenia to [[UNESCO]]: 1995<ref>{{cite web |url=http://erc.unesco.org/cp/cp.asp?country=am&language=e |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031011174649/http://erc.unesco.org/cp/cp.asp?country=AM&language=E |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 October 2003 |title=Delegation of Armenia to UNESCO |publisher=Erc.unesco.org |access-date=1 May 2011 }}</ref>
* Induction into the [[Songwriters Hall of Fame]]: 1996<ref>{{cite web | author=Gregory Viscusi| url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-01/charles-aznavour-french-singer-compared-to-sinatra-dies-at-94 | title=Charles Aznavour, French Singer Compared to Sinatra, Dies at 94 | publisher=Bloomberg | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018 }}</ref>
* French [[Victoires de la Musique|Victoire]] award for Male Artist of the Year: 1997<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/les-grandes-dates-de-la-vie-de-charles-aznavour-01-10-2018-2259278_3.php | title=Les grandes dates de la vie de Charles Aznavour | magazine=Le Point | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* Honorary [[César Award]]: 1997<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/french-singer-actor-charles-aznavour-dies-at-age-94/ | title=French singer, actor Charles Aznavour dies at age 94 | publisher=CBS | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[MIDEM]] Lifetime Achievement Award: 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panarmenian.net/news/eng/?nid=28195 |title=Aznavour to receive MIDEM award, PanArmenian.net, 15.01.2009 |publisher=Panarmenian.net |date=15 January 2009 |access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref>
* [[Grigor Lusavorich]] award of [[Nagorno-Karabakh Republic]]: 2009<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.regnum.ru/news/fd-abroad/armenia/1164595.html |title=Именем Шарля Азнавура в Степанакерте назван культурный центр, Regnum, 2009 |publisher=Regnum.ru |date=18 May 2009 |access-date=1 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308225932/http://www.regnum.ru/news/fd-abroad/armenia/1164595.html |archive-date=8 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Honorary Doctorate from the [[University of Montreal]]: 2009<ref>{{cite news | url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/charles-aznavour-who-had-lifelong-love-affair-with-quebec-has-died | title=Charles Aznavour, who had lifelong love affair with Quebec, has died | newspaper=Montreal Gazette | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* Honorary order from Russia "For contributing to strengthening cultural relations between Russia and France": 2010<ref>{{cite web |title=Charles Aznavour to Receive Special Recognition from Russia |url=https://russkiymir.ru/en/news/123241/ |website=russkiymir.ru |access-date=20 May 2024 |date=24 August 2010}}</ref>
* Special Prize named after [[Rouben Mamoulian]] of the "Hayak" National Film Awards in Armenia for "his great contribution to world cinema": 2014<ref>{{cite news|title=The French-Armenian legendary singer Charles Aznavour was awarded with the special prize named after Ruben Mamulyan during|url=http://armenpress.am/eng/news/761674/charles-aznavour-is-awarded-with-special-prize-named-after-ruben-mamulyan-at-%E2%80%9Chayak%E2%80%9D.html|access-date=8 June 2014|work=Armenpress|date=13 May 2014}}</ref>
* Honorary Award at the [[NRJ Music Award]]s: 2015
* Star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] for Live Performance, located at 6225 [[Hollywood Boulevard]]: 2016<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/people-charlesaznavour-idUSL4N1CY1ZN|title=French crooner Charles Aznavour gets honorary Hollywood Star plaque|date=29 October 2016|website=Reuters}}</ref>

===Statues and busts===
* At Carrefour de l'Odéon in Paris, a bust of Aznavour was unveiled in 2021, in the neighborhood where Aznavour grew up.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://parissecret.com/un-buste-de-bronze-de-charles-aznavour-inaugure-a-paris-en-sa-memoire-2021/ | title=Un buste de bronze de Charles Aznavour inauguré ce week-end à Paris en sa mémoire !|website=Parissecret.com | date=24 May 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.arts-in-the-city.com/2021/05/26/un-buste-en-bronze-de-charles-aznavour-inaugure-a-paris/ | title=Un buste en bronze de Charles Aznavour inauguré à Paris |website=Arts-in-the-city.com | date=26 May 2021 }}</ref>
* In [[Gyumri]], Armenia there is a statue of Aznavour in a square named after him
* In [[Artsakh Republic]], a monument-bust of Aznavour was built in front of the Charles Aznavour Culture Center in Stepanakert in 2021<ref>{{cite web | url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1053101/ | title=Bust of Charles Aznavour inaugurated in Stepanakert, Artsakh|website=Armenpress.am}}</ref> to mark Aznavour's 100th birthday.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://factor.am/746244.html|title=Azerbaijanis dismantled Charles Aznavour's monument in Artsakh|website=Factor.am}}</ref> [[Azerbaijan]] destroyed it after invading in September, 2023.<ref name="auto"/>
* In [[Varna, Bulgaria]] a seated statue of Aznavour was unveiled in 2022<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.armradio.am/2022/06/01/charles-aznavour-monument-unveiled-in-varna-bulgaria/ | title=Charles Aznavour monument unveiled in Varna, Bulgaria|website=En.armradio.am }}</ref>

===Other===
* Petah Tikva, Israel has a Charles Aznavour Park, which is home to an Armenian Genocide memorial<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/turkeys-feathers-ruffled-by-haifas-newly-unveiled-armenian-genocide-square/</ref>
* Armenia minted a gold ֏10,000 face value collector coin in 2024 dedicated to the one hundredth anniversary of Aznavour's birth.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.armradio.am/2024/05/20/armenia-puts-into-circulation-gold-collector-coin-dedicated-to-charles-aznavours-100th-birth-anniversary/ | title=Armenia puts into circulation gold collector coin dedicated to Charles Aznavour's 100th birth anniversary |website=En.armradio.com}}</ref>
* Paris named a garden near Champs-Élysées and Concorde square "Jardin Charles Aznavour" on the 100th anniversary of his birth.<ref>https://en.armradio.am/2024/05/23/park-in-the-heart-of-paris-named-after-charles-aznavour/</ref>

==Bibliography==
*''Aznavour par Aznavour'', Paris, Fayard, 1970, 311 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-7020-0214-8}}).
*''Des mots à l'affiche'', Paris, Le Cherche-midi, 1991, 153 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-86274-210-6}}).
*''Mes chansons préférées'', (co-authored with Daniel Sciora), Christian Pirot, 2000
*''Le Temps des avants'', Paris, Flammarion, 2003, 354 p. ({{ISBN|2-08-068536-8}}).
*''Images de ma vie'' (photo book), Flammarion, 2005
*''Mon père, ce géant'', Paris, Flammarion, 2007, 152 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-08-120974-9}} et 2-08-120974-8)
*''À voix basse'', Paris, Don Quichotte, 2009, 225 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-35949-001-5}}).
*''D'une porte l'autre'', Paris, Éditions Don Quichotte, 2011, 163 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-35949-044-2}})
*''En haut de l'affiche'', Paris, Flammarion, 2011, 150 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-08-125710-8}})
*''Tant que battra mon cœur'', Paris, Éditions Don Quichotte, 2013, 228 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-35949-162-3}})
*''Ma vie, mes chansons, mes films'', (co-authored with Philippe Durant & Vincent Perrot), Paris, Éditions de la Martinière, 2015, 232 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-7324-7083-2}})
*''Retiens la vie'', Paris, Éditions Don Quichotte, 2017, 139 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-35949-683-3}})

==Discography==
{{Main|Charles Aznavour discography}}

To mark the centenary of Charles Aznavour's birth, [[Universal France]] is releasing the box set [[The Complete Work - Centenary Edition]] on May 10, 2024. This reissue includes his entire French and international discography, featuring both studio and live recordings.

==Filmography==
{{Main|Charles Aznavour filmography}}

==See also==
*[[List of best-selling music artists]]
*[[Armenia–France relations]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
;Citations
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

;Works cited
* {{cite book |last=Belleret |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Vie et légendes de Charles Aznavour |language=fr |publisher=Archipel |isbn=9782809823783}}
* {{cite book |last=Dicale |first=Bertrand |date=2017 |title=Tout Aznavour |language=fr |isbn=978-2-412-03531-3}}

==External links==

{{commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://www.charlesaznavour-lesite.fr}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181005152752/https://aznavourfoundation.org/en/ Aznavour Foundation]
* [http://imusic.am/artist/4963 Charles Aznavour ] on imusic.am
* {{cite web|url=http://www.armenian.ch/index.php?id=ambassador|title=Portrait de S.E. Charles Aznavour|publisher=Embassy of Armenia in Switzerland|language=fr|access-date=21 February 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630015859/http://www.armenian.ch/index.php?id=ambassador|archive-date=30 June 2014}}
* {{IMDb name|2198|Charles Aznavour}}
* {{Shof|id=61|name=Charles Aznavour}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110416155211/http://www.rfimusique.com/siteen/biographie/biographie_6059.asp Biography] by [[Radio France International]]
* [http://www.aznavour.narod.ru/ Charles Aznavour – Armenian-Russian Pages]

{{s-start}}
{{s-ach|aw}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Maxime Le Forestier]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Victoires de la Musique#Male Artist of the Year|Male artist of the year]] at the [[Victoires de la Musique]]|years = 1997}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Florent Pagny]]}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef|rows=2|before = [[Zohrab Mnatsakanian]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Permanent Representative]] of Armenia to the [[United Nations Office at Geneva|United Nations in Geneva]]|years = from 26 June 2009 till 1 October 2018}}
{{s-inc|rows=2}}
{{s-ttl|title = Ambassador of Armenia to Switzerland|years = from 30 June 2009 till 1 October 2018}}
{{s-end}}

{{Charles Aznavour}}
{{Honorary César}}
{{National Heroes of Armenia}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aznavour, Charles}}
[[Category:Charles Aznavour| ]]
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Armenia to Switzerland]]
[[Category:Angel Records artists]]
[[Category:Armenian Apostolic Christians]]
[[Category:Barclay Records artists]]
[[Category:Capitol Records artists]]
[[Category:César Honorary Award recipients]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)]]
[[Category:Order of Leopold (Belgium)]]
[[Category:English-language singers from France]]
[[Category:Ethnic Armenian male actors]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of France]]
[[Category:French people of Armenian descent]]
[[Category:French male film actors]]
[[Category:French male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:French singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:German-language singers]]
[[Category:Italian-language singers of France]]
[[Category:Male actors from Paris]]
[[Category:Liberty Records artists]]
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[[Category:Monument Records artists]]
[[Category:National Hero of Armenia]]
[[Category:Officers of the National Order of Quebec]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of Canada]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun]]
[[Category:Permanent Delegates of Armenia to UNESCO]]
[[Category:Permanent Representatives of Armenia to the United Nations]]
[[Category:RCA Records artists]]
[[Category:RCA Victor artists]]
[[Category:Reprise Records artists]]
[[Category:Spanish-language singers of France]]
[[Category:Deaths from pulmonary edema]]

Zar, Azerbaijan

2024-06-13T18:54:11Z

RaffiKojian: /* Tsar monastery */ final destruction

{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Zar
|other_name =
|image_skyline = Zar village, Azerbaijan 1.jpg
|image_size = 300
|image_caption =
|pushpin_map = Azerbaijan#East Zangezur
|pushpin_mapsize = 300
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan|District]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Kalbajar District|Kalbajar]]
|leader_title =
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|population_as_of = 2015
|population_total = 83
|population_density_km2 =
|timezone = [[Azerbaijan Time|AZT]]
|utc_offset = +4
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'''Zar''' ({{IPA-az|zɑɾ}}; {{lang-hy|Ծար|Tsar}}; {{IPA-hy|tsɑɾ|pron}}, also ''Tzar'') is a village in the [[Kalbajar District]] of [[Azerbaijan]].

== Etymology ==
[[File:Tsar027.JPG|The 13th-century St. Sargis Church in the village|thumb|left|150px]]
Armenian architectural historian [[Samvel Karapetyan (author)|Samvel Karapetyan]] writes that the settlement was first mentioned as "Tsar" in 1289. In the records of [[Dadivank]] Monastery in 1763, it is referred to as ''Mets Tsar'' ({{lang-hy|Մեծ Ծար}}, {{lit|Great Tsar}}),<ref name="Karapetyan">{{Cite book|title=Armenian Cultural Monuments In The Region Of Karabakh|url=http://www.raa-am.com/raa/pdf_files/136.pdf|author=Samvel Karapetyan|author-link=Samvel Karapetyan (author)|publisher=[[Research on Armenian Architecture]]|date=2001}}</ref>{{rp|p=50}} and in the 18th century, with an increased nomadic presence in the region, ''Zar'', a derivative of ''Tsar'', began to be used as a name for the village.<ref name="Karapetyan"/>{{rp|p=13}}

An Azerbaijani legend suggests a different origin. A poor young man named Zaza once lived in this village. He was in love with a girl named Nazı, but her parents were against their relationship. Zaza then decided to seek assistance from [[Nadir Shah]]. He planted a watermelon in a narrow-necked jar. The surprised shah approved and ordered that Nazı be given to Zaza. However, as soon as Nadir Shah left town, Nazı's family went to Zaza's house and murdered him before throwing his body into a well. Zaza's mother cried for several days after that. The name ''Zar'' was said to have derived from this legend as the [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] word "zarıldamaq" translates as "to sob".<ref>{{cite book |script-title=ru:Библиотека азербайджанской классической литературы в 20 томах |trans-title=Library of [[Azerbaijani literature|Azerbaijani Classic Literature]], 20 volumes. Folklore |page= 52|author= G. Arasly |location= Baku |publisher= Nauka |year= 1982|language=ru}}</ref>

== History ==
The history of the village goes back to the early medieval period, when it was the administrative center of the [[Kingdom of Artsakh]]'s canton of Tsar. Until the 11th to 12th centuries, the village went by the name of ''Vaykunik'' ({{lang-hy|Վայկունիք}}).<ref name="ASE">{{in lang|hy}} [[Bagrat Ulubabyan|Ulubabyan, Bagrat]]. s.v. "Tsar," [[Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia]], 1979, vol. 5, p. 120.</ref> In 1250, a [[Sectarianism|sectarian]] peasant movement was recorded to have taken place in the village of Tsar in Armenia.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1= Grekov|editor-first1= Boris|editor-link1= Boris Grekov|editor-last2= Cherepnin|editor-first2= Lev Vladimirovich|editor-link2= :ru:Черепнин, Лев Владимирович|editor-last3= Pashuto|editor-first3= Vladimir|editor-link3= Vladimir Pashuto|title=Essays on the history of the USSR|chapter= The period of feudalism IX-XV centuries. Part 2. (XIV-XV centuries)|location= Moscow|publisher= Publishing house of the [[Academy of Sciences of the USSR]]|year= 1953|page= 684|language= ru|url= https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01005628046}}</ref>

In the 12th and 13th centuries, the Armenian [[Armenian nobility#Princely families of late medieval Armenia|Dopian dynasty]], closely related to the [[Zakarids–Mkhargrdzeli|Zakarids]], established itself in Tsar. During the invasions of [[Timur]] in the 14th century, the population of the region of Tsar was almost totally massacred. However, the Dopian principality survived, with the region of Tsar coming to serve as a stronghold and refuge for Armenian refugees from regional conflicts. In the late 16th century, Tsar came under Persian rule, with the Dopian [[melik]]s preserving their titles as the rulers of the [[:hy:Ծարի մելիքություն|Melikdom of Tsar]], legitimized by an edict in 1603 by [[Abbas the Great|Shah Abbas]]. In the late 17th century, the melikdom of Tsar was incorporated into the melikdoms of [[Melikdoms of Karabakh#Autonomy|Jraberd]] and [[Sotk]].<ref name="ASE"/> In the middle of the 18th century, Armenian historian [[Esayi Hasan-Jalalyan|Yesai Hasan-Jalalyan]] of the princely [[House of Hasan-Jalalyan|Hasan-Jalalyan]] family, states that:

{{blockquote|... the Grand Duke [[:ru:Гасан I|Hasan]] owned [the fortresses] Akna, [[Handaberd]], Sotk, Shagvak, and many other gavars (counties), among which he most of all loved the village of Tsar - a fiefdom and a reward for courage, for which the Armenian rulers paid with the price of [their] blood.<ref>{{cite book|last = Ulubabyan |first = Bagrat| title = Խաչենի իշխանությունը, X-XVI դարերում|trans-title=The Principality of Khachen, From the Tenth to Sixteenth centuries| publisher =[[Armenian Academy of Sciences]]| location= Yerevan| year = 1975| pages= 153 |language=hy}}</ref>}}

Beginning in 1724, an exodus of the Armenian population of the region took place. From the late 18th century and onwards, there was an increased Turkish and Kurdish nomadic presence in the region.<ref name="Karapetyan"/>{{rp|pp=11–13}} In the early 19th century, the village was destroyed by the armies of the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref name="ASE"/> Archbishop and scholar [[:hy:Մակար Բարխուդարյան|Makar Barkhutariants]] visited Tsar in 1880, noting the many remaining tombs and khachkars around the village, with many having been broken and inscriptions having been erased. The cathedral (or "large temple") in the centre of the village was still largely preserved at this time, with a khachkar on its walls with an inscription that read "I Melik, and my god-son Akutin, and my brother Mkhitar erected this cross in year 1225".<ref name="Karapetyan"/>{{rp|p=51}}

The village was located in the [[Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh]], coming under the control of ethnic Armenian forces during the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]] in the early 1990s. The village subsequently became part of the [[Political status of Nagorno-Karabakh|breakaway]] [[Republic of Artsakh]] as part of its [[Shahumyan Province]]. The village was handed over to Azerbaijan on 25 November 2020 as part of the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement]].

== Historical heritage sites ==
Historical heritage sites in and around the village include medieval tombstones, [[khachkar]]s from between the 12th and 17th centuries, a 12th/13th-century castle and chapel, the church of ''Surb Grigor'' ({{lang-hy|Սուրբ Գրիգոր}}, {{lit|St. Gregory}}) consecrated in 1274, the church of ''[[Sargis the General|Surb Sargis]]'' ({{lang-hy|Սուրբ Սարգիս|}}, {{lit|St. Sargis}}) consecrated in 1279, a 13th-century bridge, and the 17th-century church of ''Surb Astvatsatsin'' ({{lang-hy|Սուրբ Աստվածածին}}, {{lit|Holy Mother of God}}).<ref name="2015statistics"/> Two of the four churches of Tsar of as well as two nearby monasteries have been destroyed. Armenian churches, monasteries and cemeteries in the village started to be destroyed by Kurds at the end of the 19th century, and the destruction continued on a larger scale during the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] period, especially during the 1940s and 1950s.

=== Tsar monastery ===
The monastery of Tsar, also called Tsara Surb Astvatsatsin ({{lang-hy|Ծարա Սուրբ Աստվածածին}}), or Holy Mother of God Church ({{lang-hy|Սուրբ Աստվածածին եկեղեցի|Surb Astvatsatsin Yekeghetsi}}), was an [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian Apostolic]] monastery located at the edge of the village. It was built and consecrated in 1301 when the village was part of the [[Principality of Khachen]], and included two 13th-century chapels and numerous [[khachkar]]s. It was destroyed by Azeri authorities during the Soviet era. The monastery was blown up, two 13th-century chapels were razed. The elaborately engraved stones of the church were used to build storehouses, and are now visible in the foundations of barns built by the Azeris.<ref>[[Boris Baratov]], 1998: ''A Journey to Karabagh: Paradise Laid Waste'' {{ISBN|9785900227047}}</ref> Stones from the church were used to build a school in the village in the 1950s, with 133 carved or inscribed stone fragments reused within the walls of the school.<ref name="Hetq">{{cite web|url=http://archive.hetq.am/eng/society/0707-tzar.html|date=July 23, 2007|website=Hetq|author=Hasmik Hovhannisyan|title=New Shahumyan|access-date=December 8, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002150030/http://archive.hetq.am/eng/society/0707-tzar.html|archive-date=October 2, 2011}}</ref><ref name="MonumentWatch">{{cite web|url=https://monumentwatch.org/en/monument/st-grigor-and-st-sargis-churches-of-tsar-st-grigor-and-st-sargis-churches-of-tsar/|title=St. Grigor and St. Sargis churches of Tsar|website=Monument Watch}}</ref><ref name="Karapetyan" />{{rp|pp=50–65}}

In 2024, Azerbaijan bulldozed the school buildings which contained many fragments from the monastery.<ref>https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/2e1ec30a50954ca2b11bc05c8fc4c289</ref>

== Demographics ==
The village had 52 inhabitants in 2005,<ref name="2005nkrcensus">{{Cite web|url=http://census.stat-nkr.am/nkr/1-1.pdf|title=The Results of the 2005 Census of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic|website=National Statistic Service of the Republic of Artsakh}}</ref> and 83 inhabitants in 2015.<ref name="2015statistics"/>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="120">
Tsar001.JPG|A view of the village
Zar village, Azerbaijan.jpg|A view of the village
Tsar015.JPG|New village school
Tsar023.JPG|Wall of St. Sargis Church with ornaments
Tsar_cemetery-raffi_kojian-3222.jpg|Azeri cemetery in the village, tombstones and mausoleum
Entrance of St. Grigor church, Tsar village.jpg|The 13th-century St. Gregory Church
Tsar046.JPG|A sign in Armenian reading ''"Tsar"'' denoting the boundary limit of the village
Tsar004.JPG|A monument built in honour of the Armenian troops who died in the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]]
Tsar005.JPG|One of the canyons that surround the village
Tsar010.JPG|Ruins of the village school built in the 1950s and containing stones taken from an Armenian monastery
Tsar008.JPG|Fragments of Armenian gravestones
Tsar016.JPG|Ruins of Armenian churches
Ծար-raffikojian.jpg|Scenery around the village
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Yovanisik Caretsi]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{in lang|hy}} [[Bagrat Ulubabyan|Ulubabyan, Bagrat]]. ''Khacheni ishkhanutyune, x-xvi darerum'' [The Principality of Khachen in the 10th to 16th centuries]. Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1975.
* Samvel Karapetyan, 2001: ''Armenian Cultural Monuments in the Region of Karabakh''. "Gitutiun" Publishing House of NAS RA

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{GEOnet2|32FA8814F2FB3774E0440003BA962ED3}}

{{Kalbajar Rayon}}
{{Shahumyan Province}}
{{Portal bar|Geography}}

[[Category:Populated places in Kalbajar District]]

Nonny Hogrogian

2024-06-05T15:01:42Z

RaffiKojian: additional details from NYT article

{{Short description|American illustrator and writer (1932–2024)}}
{{use mdy dates|date=December 2013}}
{{infobox writer
|name=Nonny Hogrogian
|birth_name=May Hogrogian
|birth_date={{birth date|1932|5|7}}
|birth_place=[[New York City]], U.S.
|death_date={{death date and age|2024|5|9|1932|5|7}}
|death_place=[[Holyoke, Massachusetts]], U.S.
|occupation={{flatlist|
*Writer
*illustrator
}}
|alma_mater=[[Hunter College]]
|genre=[[Children's literature]]
|awards=[[Caldecott Medal]] (1966, 1972)
|spouse={{marriage|[[David Kherdian]]|1971}}
}}
'''May "Nonny" Hogrogian''' (May 7, 1932 – May 9, 2024) was an American writer and illustrator, known best for [[children's literature|children's]] [[picture books]]. She won two annual [[Caldecott Medal]]s for U.S. children's book illustrations. From childhood she preferred folk and fairy tales, poetry, fantasy and stories. The New York Times attributes her for bringing multiculturalism to children's literature by evoking her Armenian heritage.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/04/books/nonny-hogrogian-dead.html</ref> Another children's author describes her approach to American culture as that of a patchwork quilt, rather than a melting pot.

==Biography==
Hogrogian was born in [[New York City]] on May 7, 1932, to Mugerdich and Rakel ({{nee}} Ansoorian) Hogrogian, who were born in [[Armenia]] and fled the [[Armenian genocide]].<ref name="nytimes" /> Her parents were amateur painters and her sister became an interior designer.<ref name=degrummond/> Hogrogian earned a B.A. in Fine Arts from [[Hunter College]] in 1953. Afterward, Hogrogian worked as a [[book designer]] at [[Thomas Y. Crowell Co.]]; studied with [[Antonio Frasconi]] and [[Hodaka Yoshida]], and studied art at the New School.<ref name=degrummond/> In 1960, Crowell published her first works in the book, ''King of the Kerry Fair'', by Nicolete Meredith, which Hogrogian illustrated with [[woodcuts]]. Subsequently, she has worked as a designer at Holt and Scribner's and as a freelance illustrator.

In 1971 Hogrogian married [[David Kherdian]], a writer and editor. For two years they lived in [[Lyme Center, New Hampshire]], where he was the state "poet-in-the-schools." The state university library is one repository for their works (in a joint collection).<ref name=UNH/> Hogrogian has illustrated some of his poetic anthologies and other works for publication.<ref name=degrummond/> For one seven year period, they moved to a farm in Oregon with other followers of [[George Gurdjieff]]. In 2016 they moved to Armenia, but later moved back to the United States after she sustained a back injury.

Hogrogian died of cancer in Holyoke, Massachusetts on May 9, 2024, two days after her 92nd birthday.<ref name="nytimes">{{cite web|title=Nonny Hogrogian, 92, Honored Illustrator of Children’s Books, Dies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/04/books/nonny-hogrogian-dead.html|last=Risen|first=Clay|date=June 4, 2024|publisher=The New York Times|access-date=June 4, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nonny Hogrogian |url=https://www.rmichelson.com/illustration/nonny-hogrogian/ |website=R. Michelson Galleries |access-date=16 May 2024}}</ref>

==Awards==
Hogrogian won the [[Caldecott Medal]] for illustration in 1966 and 1972. The [[American Library Association award]] annually recognizes the previous year's "most distinguished American picture book for children".<ref name=caldecott/> ''[[Always Room for One More]]'' was written by [[Sorche Nic Leodhas]] and published by [[Holt, Rinehart and Winston]] in 1965. ''One Fine Day'', an old [[Armenian language|Armenian]] tale that she retold and illustrated, was published by [[Macmillan US]] in 1971.

Hogrogian received a [[Caldecott Medal|Caldecott]] Honor in 1977 for ''The Contest'', another story she retold and illustrated.<ref name=caldecott/>

==Works==
===Books===
*''Right Now''
*''[[The Cat Who Loved To Sing]]''
*''[[The Animal (book)|The Animal]]''
*''[[The First Christmas (book)|The First Christmas]]''
*''[[By Myself (book)|By Myself]]''
*''[[Juna's Journey]]''
*''[[The Great Fishing Contest]]''
*''[[The Song of the Stork]]''
*''[[Always Room for One More]]''
*''[[Cool Cat (Hogrogian book)|Cool Cat]]''
*''[[The Contest (book)|The Contest]]''
*''[[One Fine Day (book)|One Fine Day]]''
*''[[Ghosts Go Haunting (book)|Ghosts Go Haunting]]''

==References==
{{reflist |45em |refs=
<ref name=degrummond>{{cite web | url=http://www.lib.usm.edu/legacy/degrum/public_html/html/research/findaids/hogrogia.htm |title= Nonny Hogrogian Papers |publisher= [[de Grummond Children's Literature Collection]]. University of Southern Mississippi |accessdate=June 26, 2013}} With biographical sketch.</ref>
<ref name=UNH>[http://www.library.unh.edu/special/index.php/nonny-hogrogrian "Nonny Hogrogian and David Kherdian: Papers, 1966–1986"]. Milne Special Collections. University of New Hampshire. Retrieved June 26, 2013. With biographical sketch.</ref>
<ref name=caldecott>[http://www.ala.org/alsc/awardsgrants/bookmedia/caldecottmedal/caldecotthonors/caldecottmedal "Caldecott Medal & Honor Books, 1938–Present"]; [[Association for Library Service to Children]] ('''ALSC'''); [[American Library Association]] ('''ALA''') 
  [http://www.ala.org/alsc/awardsgrants/bookmedia/caldecottmedal/aboutcaldecott/aboutcaldecott "The Randolph Caldecott Medal"]; (ALSC); ALA; retrieved June 26, 2013</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Children's literature |Visual arts }}
* {{worldcat |oclc=1403118 |King of the Kerry Fair}}
* [http://lccn.loc.gov/65012881 Always room for one more] (first edition), Library of Congress Catalog Record
* [http://lccn.loc.gov/75119834 One fine day] (first edition), LC Catalog Record
* {{LCAuth|n80008579|Nonny Hogrogian|69|}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hogrogian, Nonny}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:American children's writers]]
[[Category:American women illustrators]]
[[Category:American children's book illustrators]]
[[Category:Caldecott Medal winners]]
[[Category:American people of Armenian descent]]
[[Category:Hunter College alumni]]
[[Category:Writers from New York City]]
[[Category:21st-century American women]]

Charles Aznavour

2024-06-01T02:14:31Z

RaffiKojian: /* Other */ Jardin Charles Aznavour

{{Short description|French singer and songwriter (1924–2018)}}
{{redirect|Aznavour|other uses|Aznavour (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Charles Aznavour
| native_name = {{nobold|Շահնուր Վաղինակ Ազնաւուրեան}}
| native_name_lang = hy
| image = Charles Aznavour 1961.jpg
| caption = Aznavour in 1961
| birth_name = Charles Aznavourian
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1924|5|22}}
| birth_place = Paris, France
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2018|10|1|1924|5|22}}
| death_place = [[Mouriès]], France
| burial_place = [[Montfort-l'Amaury]] (Yvelines), France
| citizenship = {{plainlist|
* France
* Armenia (from 2008)
}}
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Singer-lyricist
* actor
* public activist
* diplomat
}}
| years_active = 1933–2018
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Micheline Rugel|1946|1952|reason=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Evelyne Plessis|1956|1960|reason=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Ulla Thorsell|1967|}}
}}
| children = 6, including [[Seda Aznavour|Seda]]
| awards = {{Indented plainlist|
* {{awd|[[Legion of Honour]]|1997, 2001, 2004}}
* {{see below|{{section link||Awards and recognition}}}}
}}
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| genre = {{flatlist|
*Pop
*[[chanson]]
}}
| label = {{flatlist|
*[[EMI Records|EMI]]
*[[Barclay Records|Barclay]]
*[[Mercury Records|Mercury]]
*[[Monument Records|Monument]]
*[[MGM Records|MGM]]
*[[Polydor]]
*[[Reprise Records|Reprise]]
*[[Liberty Records|Liberty]]
*[[RCA Victor]]
*MusArm
*[[Som Livre]]
}}
| associated_acts =
| website = {{URL|charlesaznavour.com}}
}}
}}

'''Charles Aznavour''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|z|n|ə|ˈ|v|ʊər}} {{respell|AZ|nə|VOOR}}, {{IPA-fr|ʃaʁl aznavuʁ|lang}}; born '''Charles Aznavourian''',{{efn|This name appears on his birth certificate, although his parents originally wanted to name him {{lang|hy-Latn|Shahnour Vaghinag Aznavourian}}; {{lang-hy|Շահնուր Վաղինակ Ազնավուրյան}}, {{lang|hy-Latn|Shahnur Vaghinak Aznavuryan}}, (also spelled Chahnour,<ref name="Hovannisian"/> and Varenagh<ref name="Katz">{{cite book|last=Katz|first=Ephraim|author-link=Ephraim Katz|title=The Film Encyclopedia|publisher=HarperCollins|location=New York|isbn=9780062277114|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=OUujVPHXBZIC&q=%22Shahnour%22+Varenagh+Aznavourian%22&pg=PA1653 1653]|edition=7th|date=26 February 2013}}</ref>)}} 22 May 1924 – 1 October 2018) was a [[Armenians in France|French singer of Armenian ancestry]], as well as a lyricist, actor and diplomat. Aznavour was known for his distinctive vibrato [[tenor]] voice:<ref>{{cite news|last=Riding|first=Alan|author-link1=Alan Riding|date=18 October 1998|title=Aznavour, The Last Chanteur|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/18/arts/music-aznavour-the-last-chanteur.html|quote=his highly distinct tenor voice}}</ref> clear and ringing in its upper reaches, with gravelly and profound low notes. In a career as a composer, [[singer and songwriter]], spanning over 70 years, he recorded more than 1,200 songs interpreted in 9 languages.<ref>Charles Aznavour recorded in French, English, Italian, Spanish, German, Armenian (''Yes kou rimet'n tchim kidi'', ''La goutte d'eau'' and ''Sirerk''), Neapolitan (''Napule amica mia''), Russian (''Vetchnai lioubov'') and Kabyle (''La bohème'' in a duet with Idir).[http://www.goplanete.com/aznavour/catalogue/catalogue.htm Charles Aznavour Songs Catalog]</ref> Moreover, he wrote or co-wrote more than 1,000 songs for himself and others. Aznavour is regarded as one of the greatest songwriters of all time and an icon of 20th-century pop culture.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 October 2018|title=Master of the chanson Charles Aznavour dead at 94|url=https://www.dw.com/en/master-of-the-chanson-charles-aznavour-dead-at-94/a-17649140|website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref>

One of France's most popular and enduring singers,<ref name="Deutsche Welle"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Shea|first1=Michael|title=The Freedom Years: Tactical Tips for the Trailblazer Generation|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Chichester|isbn=9781841127545|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=roN-4QHeZQYC&dq=Charles+Aznavour+%22best+known%22&pg=PA122 122]|quote=One of France's best known pop stars, Charles Aznavour}}</ref> he was dubbed France's [[Frank Sinatra]],<ref name="Deming"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Hunter-Tilney|first=Ludovic|title=Charles Aznavour, Royal Albert Hall, London – review|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/8174330c-3fce-11e3-8882-00144feabdc0.html#axzz365LcGLPa|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210221210/https://www.ft.com/content/8174330c-3fce-11e3-8882-00144feabdc0#axzz365LcGLPa|archive-date=10 December 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|access-date=30 June 2014|newspaper=[[Financial Times]]|date=28 October 2013}}</ref> while music critic [[Stephen Holden]] described Aznavour as a "[[French pop]] deity".<ref name="holden-tnyt">{{cite news |last=Holden |first=Stephen |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=30 April 2009 |title=Aznavour Exploring Both Love and l'Amour |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/01/arts/music/01azna.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=30 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102174118/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/01/arts/music/01azna.html |archive-date=2 January 2015}}</ref> Several media outlets described him as the most famous [[Armenians|Armenian]] of all time.<ref name="Deutsche Welle">{{cite news|last=Cords|first=Suzanne|title=The master of the chanson|url=http://dw.de/p/1C3LY|date=21 May 2014|access-date=30 June 2014|agency=[[Deutsche Welle]]|quote=Long a legend, Charles Aznavour is the best known French chansonnier and arguably Armenia's most famous son.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Akopian|first=Aram|title=Armenians and the World: Yesterday and Today|date=2001|publisher=Noyan Tapan|location=Yerevan|isbn=9789993051299|page=91|quote=It will be probably just to say that today he is the most famous Armenian, known and admired all over the world.}}</ref> [[Jean Cocteau]] once said: "Before Aznavour despair was unpopular".<ref>{{cite news|author=Alexis Petridis|title=From drag queens to dead marriages, Charles Aznavour was far from easy listening|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/oct/01/from-drag-queens-to-dead-marriages-charles-aznavour-was-far-from-easy-listening|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=1 October 2018|access-date=5 October 2018}}</ref>

Aznavour sang for presidents, popes and royalty, as well as at humanitarian events. In response to the [[1988 Armenian earthquake]], he founded the charitable organization Aznavour for Armenia along with his long-time friend [[impresario]] [[Lévon Sayan]]. In 2008, he was granted [[Armenian citizenship]]<ref name="Itzkoff">{{cite news|last=Itzkoff|first=David|author-link=David Itzkoff|date=26 December 2008|title=Aznavour Granted Armenian Citizenship|newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/27/arts/27arts-AZNAVOURGRAN_BRF.html?partner=rss&emc=rss|access-date=10 February 2014}}</ref> and was appointed [[Armenia–Switzerland relations|ambassador of Armenia to Switzerland]] the following year, as well as Armenia's [[permanent delegate]] to the [[United Nations at Geneva]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Aznavour to become Armenian envoy|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7888243.stm|agency=BBC|date=13 February 2009}}</ref>

He started his last world tour in 2014. In 2017, Aznavour was awarded the 2,618th star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]. Later that year, he and his sister, {{ill|Aida Aznavourian|hy|Աիդա Ազնավուրյան}}, were awarded the [[Raoul Wallenberg Award]] for sheltering [[Jews during World War II]]. His concert at the [[NHK Hall in Osaka]], in September 2018,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtl.fr/culture/musique/mort-de-charles-aznavour-le-japon-pleure-la-disparition-du-chanteur-7795010558|title=Le Japon pleure la disparition de Charles Aznavour|website=RTL France|date=2 October 2018 |access-date=14 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref> would be his final performance.

Between 1974 and 2016, Aznavour received around sixty gold and platinum records around the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://snepmusique.com/les-certifications/?interprete=charles%20aznavour|title = Les certifications|website=Snepmusique.com}}</ref> According to his record company, the total sales of Aznavour's recordings were over 180 million units.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.universalmusic.fr/artistes/20000048069|title = Charles Aznavour|website=Universalmusic.fr}}</ref><ref>[https://www.lanouvellerepublique.fr/a-la-une/rien-n-arrete-aznavour] {{dead link|date=June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/musique/1300-titres-80-films-8-langues-la-carriere-de-charles-aznavour-en-chiffres-01-10-2018-7908204.php|title=1300 titres, 80 films, 8 langues… La carrière de Charles Aznavour en chiffres|date=1 October 2018|website=Leparisien.fr}}</ref>

==Early life and family==
Aznavour was born on 22 May 1924<ref name="armenian.ch">{{cite web|title=Portrait de S.E. Charles Aznavour|url=http://www.armenian.ch/index.php?id=ambassador|publisher=Embassy of Armenia in Switzerland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630015859/http://www.armenian.ch/index.php?id=ambassador|archive-date=30 June 2014|language=fr}}</ref> at the clinic Tarnier at 89, [[rue d'Assas]] in [[Saint-Germain-des-Prés]], [[6th arrondissement of Paris]], into a family of artists living on [[rue Monsieur-le-Prince]].<ref name="Bellaïche_11">{{cite book|author=Raoul Bellaïche|title=Aznavour "Non je n'ai rien oublié"|trans-title=Aznavour "No, I have not forgotten anything"|publisher=Éditions de l'Archipel|date=24 August 2014|isbn=9782809807646|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=678ghCLrSYoC|access-date=13 August 2018|page=11|language=fr}}</ref> He was named Shahnour (or Chahnour)<ref name="Hovannisian">{{cite book|last=Hovannisian|first=Richard G.|author-link=Richard Hovannisian|title=The Armenian Genocide: Cultural and Ethical Legacies|year=2007|publisher=Transaction Publishers|location=New Brunswick, N.J.|isbn=9781412835923|page=215}}</ref> Vaghinag (Vaghenagh)<ref name="Katz"/> Aznavourian<ref name="armenian.ch"/> ({{lang-hy|Շահնուր Վաղինակ Ազնաւուրեան}}), by his parents, [[Armenians|Armenian]] immigrants Michael (Misha) Aznavourian (from present-day [[Akhaltsikhe]], Georgia)<ref name="armenian.ch"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicme.com/Charles-Aznavour/biographie/|title=Biographie Charles Aznavour|publisher=Musicme.com|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> and Knar Baghdasarian, an [[Armenian genocide]] survivor from Adapazarı (in present-day [[Sakarya, Turkey]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billetnet.fr/en/wiki/Charles_Aznavour|title=Biodata|publisher=Billetnet.fr|access-date=1 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720205407/http://www.billetnet.fr/en/wiki/Charles_Aznavour|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/charles-aznavour/|title=CHARLES AZNAVOUR - Encyclopædia Universalis|publisher=Universalis.fr|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref>{{sfn|Dicale|2017|p=713}} He had one older sister, Aïda, born in January 1923 in [[Thessaloniki]], [[Greece]] before their family moved to France.{{sfn|Belleret|2018|p=18}} The Aznavourians ran a small Armenian restaurant in the rue de la Huchette, a hangout for actors and musicians until the Depression. One biography says that Misha’s father — Charles’s grandfather — “had been a chef to [[Nicholas II of Russia|Czar Nicholas II]].” But Aznavour himself gave a laugh about it: “My grandfather,” he said, “was a chef for the governor of Tiflis, in Georgia. The czar used to eat there every 150 years.”<ref>[http://www.thevillager.com/villager_176/aurevoirfrom.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522213752/http://www.thevillager.com/villager_176/aurevoirfrom.html}} The Villager</ref>
Charles's parents introduced him to performing at an early age, and he dropped out of school at age nine, and took the stage name "Aznavour".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEN/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|date=December 2008|title=Charles Aznavour|newspaper=RFI Musique|access-date=10 February 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210004828/http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEN/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|archive-date=10 February 2011 }}</ref>

=== World War II ===
During the [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II|German occupation of France]] during [[World War II]], Aznavour and his family hid "a number of people who were persecuted by the Nazis, while Charles and his sister Aida were involved in rescue activities." Their work was recognized in a statement issued in 2017 by [[Reuven Rivlin]], President of Israel. That year, Aznavour and Aida received the [[Raoul Wallenberg Award]] for their wartime activities. "The Aznavours were closely linked to the [[Missak Manouchian]] [[French Resistance|Resistance Group]] and in this context they offered shelter to Armenians, [[The Holocaust in France|Jews]] and others at their own Paris flat, risking their own lives."<ref name="Wallenberg Medal">{{cite web|title=Charles Aznavour and his sister Aida received the Raoul Wallenberg Medal|url=http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/news/charles-aznavour-and-his-sister-aida-received-the-raoul-wallenberg-medal|website=The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation|access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Legendary singer Aznavour given award for family efforts to save Jews in WWII|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/legendary-singer-aznavour-given-award-for-family-efforts-to-save-jews-in-wwii/|access-date=1 October 2018|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|agency=AFP|date=28 October 2017}}</ref>

==Career==

=== Musical career ===
Aznavour was already familiar with performing on stage by the time he began his career as a musician. At the age of nine, he had roles in a play called ''{{lang|fr|Un Petit Diable à Paris}}'' and a film entitled ''{{lang|fr|La Guerre des Gosses}}''.<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|editor1-last=Henderson|editor1-first=Lol|editor2-last=Stacey|editor2-first=Lee|title=Encyclopedia of Music in the 20th Century|date=2014|publisher=Taylor and Francis|page=35|location=Hoboken|isbn=978-1135929466}}</ref> Aznavour then turned to professional dancing and performed in several nightclubs. In 1944, he and actor [[Pierre Roche (musician)|Pierre Roche]] began a partnership and in collaborative efforts performed in numerous nightclubs. It was through this partnership that Aznavour began to write songs and sing. Meanwhile, Aznavour wrote his first song entitled ''{{lang|fr|J'ai Bu}}'' in 1944.<ref name=encyclopedia /> The partnership's first successes were in Canada in 1948–1950.<ref>{{cite book |last=DiMartino |first=Dave |date=2016 |title=Music in the 20th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sB4GDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA35 |location=London and New York |publisher=[[Routledge]] |page=35 |isbn=978-0-76568-012-9}}</ref>

[[File:Charles Aznavour 1963.jpg|thumb|upright|Aznavour in 1963]]

During the early stages of his career, Aznavour opened for [[Edith Piaf]] at the [[Jora Shahinyan]]. Piaf then advised him to pursue a career in singing. Piaf helped Aznavour develop a distinctive voice that stimulated the best of his abilities.<ref name=encyclopedia />

Sometimes described as "France's [[Frank Sinatra]]",<ref name="Deming">{{cite web|last=Deming|first=Mark|title=Charles Aznavour 40 Chansons D'or|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/40-chansons-dor-mw0000475684|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=30 June 2014}}</ref> Aznavour sang frequently about love. He wrote or co-wrote [[musical theater|musicals]], more than one thousand songs, and recorded ninety-one studio albums. Aznavour's voice was shaded towards the tenor range, but possessed the low range and coloration more typical of a baritone, contributing to his unique sound. Aznavour spoke and sang in many languages (French, English, Italian, Spanish, German, Russian, [[Armenian language|Armenian]], [[Neapolitan language|Neapolitan]] and [[Kabyle language|Kabyle]]), which helped him perform at [[Carnegie Hall]], in the US, and other major venues around the world. He also recorded at least one song from the 18th-century Armenian poet [[Sayat-Nova]] (in 1988), an Armenian-French song with [[Bratsch (band)|Bratsch]] (in 2007),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aravot-en.am/2018/10/08/219837/|title=What song was the French soldier singing at Aznavour's memorial service? Connection between Bratsch group and Aznavour |website=Aravot-en.am|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref> and a popular song, ''{{lang|hy-Latn|Im Yare}}''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armenianweekly.com/2010/01/11/charles-and-seda-aznavour-record-new-duo-in-armenian/|title=Charles and Seda Aznavour Record New Duo in Armenian|publisher=Armenian Weekly|date=12 January 2010|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> (in 2009) in Armenian. "[[Que C'est Triste Venise]]", sung in French, Italian ("{{lang|it|Com'è Triste Venezia}}"), Spanish ("{{lang|es|Venecia Sin Ti}}"), English ("How Sad Venice Can Be") and German ("{{lang|de|Venedig in Grau}}"), was very successful the mid-1960s.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20181001/muere-charles-aznavour-canciones-7064567| title=5 canciones para recordar a Charles Aznavour| publisher=El Periódico|date=1 October 2018| access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

1972 saw the release of his 23rd studio album, ''{{lang|fr|Idiote je t'aime...}}'', which contained among others, two of his classics - "{{lang|fr|Les plaisirs démodés}}" (Old-Fashioned Pleasures) and "{{lang|fr|Comme ils disent}}" (As They Say), the latter dealing with homosexuality, which at the time, was revolutionary.<ref>{{cite news |last=Haloche |first=Laurence |date=16 August 2011 |title=Comme ils disent , quand Aznavour aborde l'homosexualité sans tabou |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/2015/12/13/03006-20151213ARTFIG00013--comme-ils-disent-quand-aznavour-aborde-l-homosexualite-sans-tabou.php |work=[[Le Figaro]] |language=French |access-date=29 January 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151213174409/http://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/2015/12/13/03006-20151213ARTFIG00013--comme-ils-disent-quand-aznavour-aborde-l-homosexualite-sans-tabou.php |archive-date=13 December 2015}}</ref>

In 1974, Aznavour became a major success in the United Kingdom when his song "[[She (Charles Aznavour song)|She]]" was number 1 on the [[UK Singles Chart]] for four weeks during a fourteen-week run. His other well-known song in the UK was the 1973 "[[The Old Fashioned Way (song)|The Old Fashioned Way]]", which was on UK charts for 15 weeks.<ref>Talent in Europe / Billboard 22 January 1977, p. 36</ref><ref>Songwriters: a biographical dictionary with discographies - by Nigel Harrison - 1998 - p. 28</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/_/Charles+Aznavour|title=Official Charts Company|website=Officialcharts.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tsort.info/music/cw8ahr.htm|title=Song artist 642 - Charles Aznavour|publisher=Tsort.info|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref>

Artists who have recorded his songs and collaborated with Aznavour include [[Édith Piaf]], [[Fred Astaire]], [[Frank Sinatra]] (Aznavour was one of the rare European singers invited to duet with him<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rfimusique.com/musiqueen/articles/108/article_8139.asp|title=Album review - Charles Aznavour's "Duos"|publisher=RFI Musique|date=28 December 2009|access-date=18 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924121339/http://www.rfimusique.com/musiqueen/articles/108/article_8139.asp|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>), [[Andrea Bocelli]], [[Bing Crosby]], [[Ray Charles]], [[Bob Dylan]] (he named Aznavour among the greatest live performers he had ever seen),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://expectingrain.com/dok/int/RS1987.html#ca|title=Bob Dylan interview: Rolling Stone Nov/Dec 1987|publisher=Expectingrain.com|date=10 December 1995|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.covermesongs.com/2010/08/bob-dylan-the-times-weve-known.html|title=Song of the Day: Bob Dylan, 'The Times We've Known' (Charles Aznavour cover) » Cover Me|publisher=Covermesongs.com|date=13 August 2010|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> [[Dusty Springfield]], [[Liza Minnelli]], [[Mia Martini]], [[Elton John]], [[Dalida]], [[Serge Gainsbourg]], [[Josh Groban]], [[Petula Clark]], [[Tom Jones (singer)|Tom Jones]], [[Shirley Bassey]], [[José Carreras]], [[Laura Pausini]], [[Roy Clark]], [[Nana Mouskouri]], [[Peggy Lee]] and [[Julio Iglesias]]. Fellow French pop singer [[Mireille Mathieu]] sang and recorded with Aznavour on numerous occasions. The English singer [[Marc Almond]] was noted by Aznavour as his favourite interpreter of his songs, having covered Aznavour's "What makes a man a man" in the 1990s. Almond cited Aznavour as a major influence on his style and work. In 1974, [[Jack Jones (singer)|Jack Jones]] recorded an entire album of Aznavour compositions entitled ''Write Me A Love Song, Charlie'', re-released on CD in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jackjones.lolipop.jp/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412044204/http://jackjones.lolipop.jp/lovesongcharlie.htm|url-status=dead|title=HOME|archive-date=12 April 2008|website=The official Jack Jones website|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Jack Jones|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000GALD46|title=Jack Jones - Write Me a Love Song Charlie (Mini Lp Sleeve) - Amazon.com Music|website=Amazon|date=29 August 2006|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> Two years later, in 1976, Dutch singer [[Liesbeth List]] released her album ''Charles Aznavour Presents Liesbeth List'', which featured Aznavour's compositions with English lyrics. Aznavour and Italian tenor [[Luciano Pavarotti]] sang [[Charles Gounod|Gounod's]] aria "[[Ave Maria (Bach/Gounod)|Ave Maria]]" together. He performed with Russian cellist and friend [[Mstislav Rostropovich]] to inaugurate the [[Presidency of the Council of the European Union#1958 to 2006|French presidency of the European Union]] in 1995. [[Elvis Costello]] recorded "She" for the film ''[[Notting Hill (film)|Notting Hill]]''. One of Aznavour's greatest friends and collaborators from the music industry was Spanish operatic tenor [[Plácido Domingo]], who often performs his hits, most notably a solo studio recording of "{{lang|fr|Les bâteaux sont partis}}" in 1985 and duet versions of the song in French and Spanish in 2008, as well as multiple live renditions of Aznavour's "Ave Maria". In 1994, Aznavour performed with Domingo again and Norwegian [[soprano]] [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]] at Domingo's third annual ''[[Plácido Domingo#Christmas in Vienna|Christmas in Vienna]]'' concert. The three singers performed a variety of carols, medleys and duets, and the concert was televised throughout the world, as well as [[Christmas in Vienna III|released on a CD]] internationally.<ref name=bach-cantatas>{{cite web|author=Aryeh Oron|url=http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Bio/Sissel.htm|title=Sissel Kyrkjebø (Soprano)|publisher=Bach-cantatas.com|date=October 2005|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref>

At the start of autumn 2006, Aznavour initiated his farewell tour, performing in the United States and Canada, and earning very positive reviews. Aznavour started 2007 with concerts all over Japan and Asia. The second half of 2007 saw Aznavour return to Paris for over 20 shows at the [[Palais des congrès de Paris|Palais des Congrès]] in Paris, followed by more touring in Belgium, the Netherlands, and the rest of France. Aznavour had repeatedly stated that this farewell tour, health permitting, would likely last beyond 2010; after that, however, Charles Aznavour continued performing worldwide throughout the year. At 84, 60 years on stage made him "a little hard of hearing".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.expatica.com/fr/uncategorized/aznavours-long-goodbye-83-and-still-singing-111651/|title=Aznavour's long goodbye – 83 and still singing|publisher=Expatica.com|date=8 October 2007|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> In his final years he would still sing in multiple languages and without persistent use of teleprompters, but typically he would stick to just two or three (French and English being the primary two, with Spanish or Italian being the third) during most concerts.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/18/arts/music/18azna.html?ex=1167368400&en=5b722c96ea2a5172&ei=5070|title=At 82, Charles Aznavour Is Singing a Farewell That Could Last for Years|last=Riding|first=Alan|date=18 September 2006|newspaper=The New York Times|quote=There are some people who grow old and others who just add years. I have added years, but I am not yet old}}</ref> On 30 September 2006, Aznavour performed a major concert in [[Yerevan]], the capital of Armenia, to start off the cultural season "{{lang|fr|Arménie mon amie}}". Then Armenian president [[Robert Kocharyan]] and his French counterpart [[Jacques Chirac]], at the time on an official visit to Armenia, were in front-row attendance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEn/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203075202/http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEn/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|url-status=dead|title=Biographie|archive-date=3 December 2013|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref>

[[File:Charles Aznavour Cannes.jpg|thumb|165px|Aznavour at the 1999 [[Cannes Film Festival]]]]

In 2006, Aznavour recorded his album ''{{lang|fr|Colore ma vie}}'' in Cuba, with [[Chucho Valdés]].<ref>{{cite news | author=François-Xavier Gomez | url=https://next.liberation.fr/musique/2018/10/02/un-tropisme-latino-pour-aznavour_1682505 | title=Un tropisme latino pour Aznavour | newspaper=Libération | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018 | language=fr | archive-date=3 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003133347/https://next.liberation.fr/musique/2018/10/02/un-tropisme-latino-pour-aznavour_1682505 | url-status=dead }}</ref> A regular guest vocalist on ''[[Star Academy]]'', Aznavour sang alongside contestant [[Cyril Cinélu]] that same year.<ref>{{cite web | author=Marie Boscher| url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/hommages-outre-mer-charles-aznavour-mort-94-ans-633416.html | title=Hommages de l'Outre-mer à Charles Aznavour, mort à 94 ans | publisher=France Info | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018 |language=fr}}</ref> In 2007, he sang part of "[[Une vie d'amour]]" in Russian during a Moscow concert.<ref>{{cite news | author=Yan Shenkman| url=https://fr.rbth.com/art/2014/05/22/le_destin_russe_daznavour_29243 | title=Le destin russe d'Aznavour | newspaper=Russia Beyond the Headlines | date=22 May 2014 | access-date=2 October 2018 |language=fr}}</ref> Later, in July 2007, Aznavour was invited to perform at the [[Vieilles Charrues Festival]].<ref>{{cite news | author=Anaelle Berre | url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/people/charles-aznavour/charles-aznavour-un-rappel-exceptionnel-aux-vieilles-charrues-2007-5996134 | title=Charles Aznavour. Un rappel exceptionnel aux Vieilles Charrues 2007 | newspaper=Ouest-France | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref>

''[[Forever Cool]]'' (2007), an album from Capitol/EMI, features Aznavour singing a new duet of "[[Everybody Loves Somebody|Everybody Loves Somebody Sometime]]" with the voice of [[Dean Martin]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.giornaledibrescia.it/italia-ed-estero/la-francia-dice-addio-a-charles-aznavour-1.3304611 | title=La Francia dice addio a Charles Aznavour | newspaper=Giornale di Brescia | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018|language=it}}</ref>

Aznavour finished a tour of Portugal in February 2008.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://visao.sapo.pt/actualidade/cultura/2018-10-01-Morreu-cantor-e-compositor-Charles-Aznavour | title=Morreu cantor e compositor Charles Aznavour | magazine=Visão | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018|language=pt}}</ref> Throughout the spring of 2008, Aznavour toured South America, holding a multitude of concerts in [[Argentina]], Brazil, Chile and [[Uruguay]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/magazine/2008/05/06/303093/aznavour-llega-a-chile-con-su-ultimo-disco-recien-editado-en-espanol.html | title=Aznavour llega a Chile con su último disco recién editado en español | newspaper=El Mercurio | date=6 May 2008 | access-date=2 October 2018|language=es}}</ref>

An admirer of [[Quebec]], where he played in [[Montreal]] cabarets before becoming famous, he helped the career of Québécoise singer-lyricist [[Lynda Lemay]] in France, and had a house in Montreal. On 5 July 2008, he was invested as an honorary officer of the [[Order of Canada#Honorary officer|Order of Canada]]. He performed the following day on the [[Plains of Abraham]] as a feature of the [[Quebec City Summer Festival|celebration]] of the 400th anniversary of the founding of [[Quebec City]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Andy Blatchford |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080705.waznavour0705/BNStory/Entertainment/home |title=Aznavour receives Order of Canada honours in Quebec |publisher=globeandmail.com |access-date=1 May 2011 |url-status=dead |location=Toronto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116025859/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080705.waznavour0705/BNStory/Entertainment/home |archive-date=16 January 2009 }}</ref>

In 2008, an album of duets, ''Duos'', was released. It is a collaborative effort featuring Aznavour and his greatest friends and partners from his long career in the music industry, including [[Céline Dion]], [[Sting (musician)|Sting]], [[Laura Pausini]], [[Josh Groban]], [[Paul Anka]], Plácido Domingo and many others.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jason Birchmeier|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/duos-mw0000805903|title=Charles Aznavour – Duos|website=AllMusic}}</ref> It was released on various dates in December 2008 across the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voir.ca/blogs/manuel_champagne/archive/2008/10/22/charles-aznavour-se-paie-la-171-totale-187-dans-son-nouvel-album.aspx|title=Charles Aznavour se paie "la totale" dans son nouvel album|trans-title=Charles Aznavour pays himself "it all" in his new album|publisher=Voir.ca|date=22 October 2008|access-date=1 May 2011|language=fr|archive-date=14 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614072133/http://www.voir.ca/blogs/manuel_champagne/archive/2008/10/22/charles-aznavour-se-paie-la-171-totale-187-dans-son-nouvel-album.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> His next album, ''Charles Aznavour and The Clayton Hamilton Jazz Orchestra'' (previously known as ''Jazznavour 2''), is a continuation in the same vein as his hit album ''Jazznavour'' released in 1998, involving new arrangements on his classic songs with a jazz orchestra and other guest jazz artists. It was released on 27 November 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Charles Aznavour|url=http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/chanson/charles-aznavour/biography|publisher=RFI Music|access-date=14 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415230151/http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/chanson/charles-aznavour/biography|archive-date=15 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:2014.06.23. Charles Aznavour Fot Mariusz Kubik 01.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Aznavour in 2014]]

Aznavour and [[Senegal|Senegalese]] singer [[Youssou N'Dour]], with the collaboration of over 40 French singers and musicians, recorded a music video with the music group [[Band Aid (band)|Band Aid]] in the aftermath of the [[Disaster|catastrophic]] [[2010 Haiti earthquake]], titled ''{{lang|fr|1 geste pour Haïti chérie}}''.<ref>{{cite news|agency=AFP|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gQCv5Op1eurkYtoZz7S_ba5vpMkg|title=French music stars mobilise for Haiti|date=15 January 2010|access-date=1 May 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123021824/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gQCv5Op1eurkYtoZz7S_ba5vpMkg|archive-date=23 January 2010}}</ref>

In 2009, Aznavour also toured across America. The tour, named ''{{lang|fr|Aznavour en liberté}}'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://patwhite.com/node/5598|title=Aznavour en Liberté|publisher=Patwhite.com|date=23 April 2009|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> started in late April 2009 with a wave of concerts across the United States and Canada, took him across Latin America in the autumn, as well as the USA once again. In August 2011 Aznavour released a new album, ''{{lang|fr|Aznavour Toujours}}'', featuring 11 new songs, and ''{{lang|fr|Elle}}'', a French re-working of his greatest international hit, "[[She (Charles Aznavour song)|She]]". Following the release of ''{{lang|fr|Aznavour Toujours}}'', then 87-year-old Aznavour began a tour across France and Europe, named ''{{lang|fr|Charles Aznavour en Toute Intimité}}'', which started with 21 concerts in the Olympia theatre in Paris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.songkick.com/artists/302900-charles-aznavour/calendar?page=1|title=Charles Aznavour upcoming concerts|publisher=Songkick.com|date=9 January 2011|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> On 12 December 2011, he gave a concert in Moscow [[State Kremlin Palace]] that attracted a capacity crowd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/12/13/62116389.html|title=Charles Aznavour wows Moscow|date=13 December 2011|work=[[The Voice of Russia]]|access-date=20 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108165851/http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/12/13/62116389.html|archive-date=8 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The concert was followed by a standing ovation which continued for about fifteen minutes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.am/eng/news/85654.html|title=Moscow impressed by Charles Aznavour (VIDEO)|publisher=News.am|date=13 December 2011|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref>

In 2012, Aznavour embarked on a new North American leg of his ''{{lang|fr|En toute intimité}}'' tour, visiting [[Quebec (Province)|Quebec]] and the [[Gibson Amphitheatre]] in Los Angeles, the third-largest such venue in California, for multiple shows. However, the shows in New York were cancelled following a contract dispute.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/24/charles-aznavour-cancels-new-york-shows-in-contract-dispute/?_r=0|newspaper=The New York Times|first=Jennifer|last=Schuessler|title=Charles Aznavour Cancels New York Shows in Contract Dispute|date=24 April 2012}}</ref> On 16 August 2012, Aznavour performed in his father's birthplace, [[Akhaltsikhe]], in Georgia in a special concert as part of the opening ceremony of the recently restored Rabati castle.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/690552/|title=The star of Charles Aznavour was placed in Akhaltsikhe|work=[[Armenpress]]|date=17 August 2012|access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

On 25 October 2013, Aznavour performed in London for the first time in 25 years at the [[Royal Albert Hall]]; demand was so high that a second concert at the Royal Albert Hall was scheduled for June 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalalberthall.com/tickets/charles-aznavour/default.aspx|title=Charles Aznavour — Royal Albert Hall|publisher=Royalalberthall.com|date=3 November 2015|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> In November 2013, Aznavour appeared with [[Achinoam Nini]] (Noa) in a concert, dedicated to peace, at the Nokia Arena in [[Tel Aviv]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Noa and Charles Aznavour – She|url=http://www.noasmusic.com/noa-charles-aznavour-she/|website=Achinoam Nini's Official Website|date=29 September 2014}}</ref> The audience, including Israeli president [[Shimon Peres]] (Peres and Aznavour had a meeting prior to the performance), sang along.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fay|first=Greer|url=http://www.jpost.com/Arts-and-Culture/Music/Peres-among-Israeli-fans-attending-Aznavour-concert-332878|title=Peres among Israeli fans attending Aznavour concert - Arts & Culture - Jerusalem Post|publisher=Jpost.com|date=24 November 2013|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> In December 2013, Aznavour gave two concerts in the Netherlands at the [[Heineken Music Hall]] in Amsterdam, and again in January 2016 (originally scheduled for November 2015, but postponed due to him suffering a brief bout of [[stomach flu]]).<ref>{{cite news |last=Brulin |first=Gael |date=26 November 2015 |title=Charles Aznavour : des concerts aux Pays-Bas reportés pour raisons de santé |url=https://www.24matins.fr/charles-aznavour-nassurera-pas-ses-concerts-aux-pays-bas-pour-raisons-de-sante-253961 |work=24matins |language=French |access-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204082136/https://www.24matins.fr/charles-aznavour-nassurera-pas-ses-concerts-aux-pays-bas-pour-raisons-de-sante-253961 |archive-date=4 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Leprovost |first=Pierre-Maxime |date=22 December 2016 |title=En plein concert au Palais des Sports, Charles Aznavour se moque de Michel Polnareff [Photos] |url=https://www.telestar.fr/culture/en-plein-concert-au-palais-des-sports-charles-aznavour-se-moque-de-michel-polnareff-photos-256860 |work=Télé Star |language=French |access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

Aznavour continued his international tour performing in many cities around the world between 2014 and 2018. On 19 September 2018, what was to be his last concert took place in the NHK Hall of Osaka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.setlist.fm/search?query=artist:(Charles+Aznavour)+date:%5B2018-01-01+TO+2018-12-31%5D|title=Search for setlists: artist:(Charles Aznavour) date:[2018-01-01 TO 2018-12-31]|website=Setlist.fm|access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref>

===Film appearances===
''See: [[#Filmography|Filmography]]''

Aznavour also had a long and varied parallel career as an actor, appearing in over 80 films and TV movies. In 1960, Aznavour starred in [[François Truffaut]]'s ''[[Shoot the Piano Player|Tirez sur le pianiste]]'' (released in America as ''Shoot the Piano Player''), playing a character called Édouard Saroyan, a café pianist. He also put in a critically acclaimed performance in the 1974 movie ''[[And Then There Were None (1974 film)|And Then There Were None]]''. Aznavour had an important supporting role in 1979's ''[[The Tin Drum (film)|The Tin Drum]]'', winner of the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]] in 1980. He co-starred in [[Claude Chabrol]]'s [[Les Fantômes du chapelier]] from 1982. In the 1984 version of ''[[Die Fledermaus]]'', he appears and performs as one of Prince Orlovsky's guests. This version stars [[Kiri Te Kanawa]] and was directed by Plácido Domingo in the Royal Opera House at [[Covent Garden]].<ref>{{cite web|last=IMDB|title=Die Fledermaus|website=[[IMDb]]|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0263346/}}</ref> Aznavour starred in the 2002 movie ''[[Ararat (film)|Ararat]]'', reprising his role of Edward (Édouard) Saroyan.<ref>{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Kevin |date=15 November 2002 |title=Genocide haunts and connects them |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-nov-15-et-ararat15-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref>

==Politics and activism==
===Civil rights===
Aznavour was well known for being a lifelong and active supporter of civil rights, fighting for equality among all races, religions and nationalities as he stated in many of his interviews during his lifetime. He was an early supporter of [[LGBT rights by country or territory|LGBT rights]]. His 1972 album, ''Idiote je t'aime...'', contained among others, one of his classics, "Comme ils disent" ("As They Say", the English version of which is titled "What Makes a Man"). The song was revolutionary at a time when talking about homosexuality was a taboo. In a later interview, Charles said "It's a kind of sickness I have, talking about things you're not supposed to talk about. I started with homosexuality and I wanted to break every taboo."<ref>{{cite news|author=Angelique Chrisafis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/jun/19/charles-aznavour-i-wanted-to-break-every-taboo|title=Charles Aznavour: 'I wanted to break every taboo'|newspaper=The Guardian|date=21 June 2015}}</ref>

=== Armenian activism ===
[[File:Charles Aznavour Museum, ArmAg.JPG|thumbnail|[[Charles Aznavour Museum]] in Yerevan]]
Following the [[1988 Armenian earthquake]], Aznavour helped the country through his charity, Aznavour for Armenia. Together with his brother in-law and co-author [[Georges Garvarentz]] he wrote the song "[[Pour toi Arménie]]", which was performed by a group of famous French artists and topped the charts for eighteen weeks. There are squares named after him with his statues [[Charles Aznavour Square, Yerevan|in central Yerevan]] on [[Abovyan Street]], and [[Charles Aznavour Square, Gyumri|in northern part of Gyumri]], which saw the most lives lost in the earthquake. In 1995 Aznavour was appointed an Ambassador and Permanent Delegate of Armenia to [[UNESCO]]. Aznavour was a member of the [[Armenia Fund]] International Board of Trustees. The organization has rendered more than $150 million in humanitarian aid and infrastructure development assistance to Armenia since 1992. He was appointed as "Officier" (Officer) of the [[Légion d'honneur]] in 1997.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://en.rfi.fr/20181001-charles-aznavour-dies-aged-94/ | title=Charles Aznavour dies, aged 94 | publisher=Radio France Internationale | date=1 October 2018 | author=Cross, Tony}}</ref>

In 2002, Aznavour appeared in director [[Atom Egoyan|Atom Egoyan's]] film ''[[Ararat (film)|Ararat]]'', about the [[Armenian genocide|genocide of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire]] in the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bernstein |first1=Adam |title=Charles Aznavour, daring and adored French singer and composer, dies at 94 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/local/obituaries/charles-aznavour-daring-and-adored-french-singer-and-composer-dies-at-94/2018/10/01/bf080f3e-c577-11e8-b1ed-1d2d65b86d0c_story.html&freshcontent=1 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref>

In 2004, Aznavour received the title of [[National Hero of Armenia]], Armenia's highest award. In 2005, he received the Ziad Karim's award. On 26 December 2008, President of Armenia [[Serzh Sargsyan]] signed a presidential decree for granting citizenship of Armenia to Aznavour whom he called a "prominent singer and public figure" and "a hero of the Armenian people".<ref name="Itzkoff" /><ref>{{cite news|title=French crooner Charles Aznavour granted Armenian citizenship|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20081227-french-crooner-charles-aznavour-granted-armenian-citizenship-/|agency=[[France 24]]|date=27 December 2008}}</ref>

In 2011, the [[Charles Aznavour Museum]] opened in Yerevan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Charles Aznavour's house museum ceremonially opens |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/665332.html |work=Armenpress |date=7 October 2011 |access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

In April 2016, Aznavour visited Armenia to participate in the [[Aurora Prize]] Award ceremony. On 24 April, along with [[Serzh Sargsyan]], the Catholicos of All Armenians, [[Garegin II]] and actor [[George Clooney]], he laid flowers at the [[Armenian Genocide Memorial]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armradio.am/en/2016/04/21/charles-aznavour-arrives-in-armenia-3/|title=Charles Aznavour arrives in Armenia|date=21 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/210947/|title=President, Aznavour, Clooney visit Genocide memorial|website=PanArmenian.net|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref>

In October 2016, Aznavour joined other prominent Armenians on calling the government of Armenia to adopt "new development strategies based on inclusiveness and collective action" and to create "an opportunity for the Armenian world to pivot toward a future of prosperity, to transform the post-Soviet Armenian Republic into a vibrant, modern, secure, peaceful and progressive homeland for a global nation."<ref>{{cite news |title='Global Armenians' Ad in NY Times Calls For 'Inclusive Leadership' in Armenia |url=http://asbarez.com/156506/global-armenians-ad-in-ny-times-calls-for-inclusive-leadership-in-armenia/ |work=[[Asbarez]] |date=October 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200803111610/http://asbarez.com/156506/global-armenians-ad-in-ny-times-calls-for-inclusive-leadership-in-armenia/ |archive-date=3 August 2020}}; text also available at {{cite web |title=The Future for All Armenians Is Now |url=https://auroraprize.com/en/news/detail/10454/future-for-global-armenians-is-now |website=auroraprize.com |publisher=[[Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200803111725/https://auroraprize.com/en/news/detail/10454/future-for-global-armenians-is-now |archive-date=3 August 2020}}</ref>

Along with holding the mostly ceremonial title of French [[ambassador-at-large]] to Armenia, Aznavour agreed to hold the position of Ambassador of Armenia to Switzerland on 12 February 2009:

<blockquote>First I hesitated, as it is not an easy task. Then I thought that what is important for Armenia is important for us. I have accepted the proposal with love, happiness and feeling of deep dignity<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panorama.am/en/politics/2009/02/13/posol/|title=Charles Aznavour Ambassador of Armenia to Switzerland|publisher=Panorama.am|date=13 February 2009|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref></blockquote>He wrote a song about the [[Armenian genocide]], entitled "[[Ils sont tombés]]" (known in English as "They fell").<ref>{{cite news|author=Nora Koloyan-Keuhnelian|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/33/312664/Arts--Culture/Music/Adieu-Aznavour.aspx|title=Adieu Aznavour|newspaper=[[Al-Ahram]]|date=2 October 2018|access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

Charles Aznavour and his son Nicolas Aznavour created Aznavour Foundation which aims to continue the educational, cultural and social projects started by the artist, as well as to preserve and promote the cultural and humanitarian heritage of Charles Aznavour who fought against any discrimination through his art and his global actions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.aznavourfoundation.org/aznavour-foundation-about-foundation-w1.html |title=About foundation |publisher=Aznavourfoundation.org |access-date=2021-07-14 |quote=The Aznavour Foundation, created by Charles Aznavour and his son Nicolas Aznavour aims at continuing the development and implementation of educational, cultural and social projects started by the legendary artist. |archive-date=14 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714090133/https://en.aznavourfoundation.org/aznavour-foundation-about-foundation-w1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Political involvement ===
{{quote box
| width = 22%
| align = right
| quote = Though he is considered the embodiment of Frenchness, Charles Aznavour is in fact a proud Armenian without a corpuscle of French blood in his body.
| source =  —[[Herbert Kretzmer]], Aznavour's long-time English lyric writer, 2014<ref>{{cite book|last=Kretzmer|first=Herbert|author-link1=Herbert Kretzmer|title=Snapshots: Encounters with Twentieth-Century Legends|chapter=Charles Aznavour - Troubadour|date=2014|publisher=[[Biteback Publishing]]}}</ref>}}

Aznavour was increasingly involved in French, Armenian and international politics as his career progressed. During the [[2002 French presidential election]]s, when far-right nationalist [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]] of the [[National Front (France)|National Front]] made it into the runoff election, facing incumbent [[Jacques Chirac]], Aznavour signed the "Vive la France" petition, and called on all French to "sing the [[La Marseillaise|Marseillaise]]" in protest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEN/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|title=Biography – Charles Aznavour|publisher=Rfimusique.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110416155211/http://www.rfimusique.com/siteen/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|archive-date=16 April 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> Chirac, a personal friend of Aznavour's,<ref>{{cite news |last=Liabot |first=Thomas |date=1 October 2018 |title=Charles Aznavour, l'homme des présidents |url=https://www.lejdd.fr/Culture/charles-aznavour-lhomme-des-presidents-3768698 |work=[[Le Journal du Dimanche]] |access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref> ended up winning in a landslide, carrying over 82% of the vote.<ref>{{cite news |last=Henley |first=Jon |date=6 May 2002 |title=Le Pen defeated but defiant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/may/06/france.thefarright2 |work=The Guardian |language=French |access-date=1 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020151337/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/may/06/france.thefarright2 |archive-date=20 October 2018}}</ref>

He frequently campaigned for international [[History of copyright law|copyright law reform]]. In November 2005 he met with then [[President of the European Commission]] [[José Manuel Barroso]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_views/view017.html|title=Charles Aznavour meets EC President José Manuel Barroso|date=1 September 2005|publisher=Ifpi.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615135028/http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_views/view017.html|archive-date=15 June 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> on the issue of the review of term of protection for performers and producers in the EU, advocating an extension of the EU's term of protection from the current 50 years to the United States' law allowing 95 years, saying "[o]n term of protection, artists and record companies are of the same mind. Extension of term of protection would be good for European culture, positive for the European economy and would put an end the current discrimination with the U.S." He also notably butted heads with French politician [[Christine Boutin]] over her defense of a "global license" flat-fee authorization for sharing of copyrighted files over the internet, claiming that the license would eliminate creativity. In May 2009, the French [[Senate of France|Senate]] approved one of the strictest [[Copyright law of France|internet anti-piracy bills]] ever with a landslide 189–14 vote. Aznavour was a vocal proponent of the measure and considered it a rousing victory:

<blockquote>If the youth can't make a living through creative work, they will do something else and the artistic world will be dealt a blow ... There will be no more songs, no more books, nothing at all. So we had to fight<ref>{{cite news|title=French bill to combat Internet piracy clears final hurdle|url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-technology/french-bill-to-combat-internet-piracy-clears-final-hurdle-20090513-b3bs.html|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=13 May 2009}}</ref>
</blockquote>

== Legacy ==

When [[Bob Dylan]] was asked who some of his favorite musicians are, he stated, "I like Charles Aznavour a lot. I saw him in sixty-something at [[Carnegie Hall]], and he just blew my brains out."<ref>''[[Rolling Stone]]'', 1987 (precise issue and date unknown)</ref>

[[Sting (musician)|Sting]] has stated that "To me he [Aznavour] is an icon. Not only as a singer, but as an actor, as a personality, as a master of 'chanson'."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03yfR1jaq6A |title=Sting Discusses DUETS - L'Amour C'est Comme Un Jour with Charles Aznavour |author=Sting |author-link=Sting (musician) |date=2 March 2021 |website=YouTube |access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref>

Aznavour was also highly regarded by [[Frank Sinatra]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Viscusi |first=Gregory |date=4 October 2018 |title=Charles Aznavour, a French singer compared to Sinatra, dies at 94 |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/obituaries/2018/10/04/Charles-Aznavour-a-French-singer-compared-to-Sinatra-dies-at-94/stories/201810040222 |work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |access-date=4 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803054317/https://www.post-gazette.com/news/obituaries/2018/10/04/Charles-Aznavour-a-French-singer-compared-to-Sinatra-dies-at-94/stories/201810040222 |archive-date=3 August 2021}}</ref> [[Celine Dion]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Kocharyan |first=Stepan |date=2 October 2018 |title='Monsieur Charles, you will always remain For me Formidable' – Celine Dion's touching words on Aznavour's death |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/949305.html |work=Armenpress |access-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002081736/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/949305.html |archive-date=2 October 2018}}</ref> [[Edith Piaf]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Leigh |first=Spencer |date=3 October 2018 |title=Charles Aznavour: French singer championed by Edith Piaf who never forgot his Armenian roots |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/charles-aznavour-dead-french-singer-frank-sinatra-edith-piaf-armenian-a8564646.html |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=3 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005203507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/charles-aznavour-dead-french-singer-frank-sinatra-edith-piaf-armenian-a8564646.html |archive-date=5 October 2018}}</ref> and [[Liza Minnelli]], with whom he performed and recorded. Minnelli has said of the singer, "He changed my entire life."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Liza Minnelli, the one and only|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/liza-minnelli-the-one-and-only/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Cbsnews.com|date=16 January 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In August 2017, at age 93, he was awarded a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/25/french-singer-charles-aznavour-gets-hollywood-star-age-93/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/25/french-singer-charles-aznavour-gets-hollywood-star-age-93/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=French singer Charles Aznavour gets Hollywood star at age of 93|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|via=Reuters News|date=25 August 2017|access-date=5 May 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Aznavour has been widely regarded as one of the most famous [[Armenians]] of his time,<ref>{{cite news |last=Mkrtchyan |first=Hasmik |date=2 October 2018 |title=Armenians pay last tribute to beloved singer Aznavour |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-aznavour-armenia/armenians-pay-last-tribute-to-beloved-singer-aznavour-idUSKCN1MC1QX |work=Reuters |access-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002155716/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-aznavour-armenia/armenians-pay-last-tribute-to-beloved-singer-aznavour-idUSKCN1MC1QX |archive-date=2 October 2018}}</ref> and a major pop culture icon of the 20th century.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dupont |first=Veronique |date=25 August 2017 |title=Charles Aznavour, the 'French Frank Sinatra', honoured with Hollywood Walk of Fame star |url=https://www.thelocal.fr/20170825/french-legend-charles-aznavour-dubbed-the-french-frank-sinatra-honoured-with-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star/ |work=[[The Local]] |access-date=6 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206081932/https://www.thelocal.fr/20170825/french-legend-charles-aznavour-dubbed-the-french-frank-sinatra-honoured-with-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star/ |archive-date=6 December 2017}}</ref>

His musicality and fame abroad had a significant impact on many areas of pop culture. Aznavour's name inspired the alias of the character [[Char Aznable]] by [[Yoshiyuki Tomino]] in his 1979 [[mecha anime]] series ''[[Mobile Suit Gundam]]''. Char would become a Japanese pop cultural icon and the most famous character over a decades-long franchise.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbr.com/mobile-suit-gundam-char-aznable-facts-true-fans-know/ |title=Mobile Suit Gundam: 10 Things Only True Fans Know About Char Aznable |last=Ashford |first=Sage |date=31 December 2019 |website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |access-date=31 December 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101141829/https://www.cbr.com/mobile-suit-gundam-char-aznable-facts-true-fans-know/ |archive-date=1 January 2020}}</ref>

Music critic Stephen Holden described Aznavour as a "French pop deity".<ref name="holden-tnyt" />

His song "[[Parce Que Tu Crois]]" was sampled by producer [[Dr. Dre]] for the song "What's the Difference" (featuring [[Eminem]] & [[Xzibit]]), from his album ''[[2001 (Dr. Dre album)|2001]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiser |first=Danny |date=2021-10-25 |title=FRANCE/ARMENIA: La Bohème - Charles Aznavour |url=https://www.200worldalbums.com/post/france-armenia-la-boh%C3%A8me-charles-aznavour |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=200worldalbums.com |language=en}}</ref>



At the [[2022 Winter Olympics]] American figure skater [[Nathan Chen]] performed his team event short program on February 4, 2022, to Aznavour's ''La Boheme''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/nathan-chen-team-event-clean-short-program|title=Nathan Chen makes a statement with commanding short program in Olympic team event | NBC Olympics|website=Nbcolympics.com|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
[[File:Charles aznavour.jpg|thumb|left|Aznavour in the late 2000s]]

Aznavour was married three times: to Micheline Rugel (in 1946),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0002198/bio|title=Biography for Charles Aznavour|publisher=imdb.com|access-date=29 January 2013}}</ref> Evelyn Plessis (in 1956) and his widow, Ulla Thorsell (in 1967). Six children were produced by these marriages: [[Seda Aznavour|Seda]], Charles, Patrick, Katia, Mischa, and Nicolas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monsieur-biographie.com/celebrite/biographie/charles_aznavour-1503.php|title=Biographie de Charles Aznavour|publisher=leParisien.fr|access-date=29 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.femmeactuelle.fr/actu/news-actu/charles-aznavour-qui-sont-ses-six-enfants-2070163|title=Charles Aznavour : qui sont ses six enfants, Seda, Charles, Patrick, Katia, Mischa et Nicolas ?|date=1 October 2018|magazine=[[Femme Actuelle]]|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref>

Aznavour often joked about his physique, the most talked-about aspect of which was his height; he stood {{convert|160|cm|ftin|0|abbr=on}} tall. He made this a source of self-deprecating humour over the years.<ref name="encyclopedia" />

In April 2018, shortly before his 94th birthday, Aznavour was taken to hospital in [[Saint Petersburg]] after straining his back during a rehearsal prior to a concert in the city. The concert was postponed until the following season, but eventually cancelled since he died six months later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asbarez.com/171907/charles-aznavour-hospitalized-in-st-petersburg/|title=Charles Aznavour Hospitalized in St. Petersburg – Asbarez.com|website=asbarez.com|access-date=5 May 2018|date=25 April 2018}}</ref> On 5 May 2018, he was a guest on BBC Radio 2's ''[[Graham Norton#Radio|Graham Norton]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0b196f5|title=With Pam Ayres, Charles Aznavour, plus Rylan Clark-Neal and Scott Mills, Graham Norton – BBC Radio 2|website=BBC|access-date=5 May 2018}}</ref>

A week later, on 12 May, he broke his arm in two places in a fall at his home in the village of [[Mouriès]], resulting in the cancellation of all shows until the end of June. This was eventually extended to include the 18 shows scheduled for August, because of a longer healing process.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywood.com/general/charles-aznavour-cancels-more-appearances-due-to-broken-arm-60724248/|title=Charles Aznavour cancels more appearances due to broken arm|website=hollywood.com|access-date=2 October 2018|date=18 June 2018}}</ref> In a program on French television broadcast on 28 September, only three days before his death, he mentioned that he was still feeling the pain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yO3VdHuop50 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/yO3VdHuop50| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|title=Aznavour: le monument français! – C à Vous – 28/09/2018|website=YouTube|date=28 September 2018|access-date=2 October 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== Death and funeral ==
{{external media|float=right|width=250px|video1=[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ko_wz5Ijn5w&list=LLUIxeJpjyot4tTyNwP2fNfg&t Charles Aznavour's Funeral]}}
On 1 October 2018, Aznavour was found dead in a bathtub at his home at Mouriès at the age of 94.<ref name="francetvinfo">{{cite web|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/emploi/metiers/art-culture-edition/mort-de-charles-aznavour-la-cause-de-la-mort-est-naturelle_2966913.html|title=Mort de Charles Aznavour : "La cause de la mort est naturelle"|website=[[FranceTV]]|date=2 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtl.fr/culture/musique/charles-aznavour-est-decede-a-l-age-de-94-ans-7795003841|title=Charles Aznavour est décédé à l'âge de 94 ans|website=RTL France|date=1 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref><ref name="LD">{{cite web|url=https://www.ledauphine.com/france-monde/2018/10/01/le-chanteur-charles-aznavour-est-decede|title=Le chanteur Charles Aznavour est décédé|newspaper=[[Le Dauphiné libéré]]|date=1 October 2018|access-date=1 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-45709214?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_linkname=news_central&ns_campaign=bbc_breaking|title=Singer Charles Aznavour dies at 94|website=[[BBC News (TV Channel)|BBC News]]|date=1 October 2018|access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/01/obituaries/charles-aznavour-dead.html|title=Charles Aznavour, Enduring French Singer of Global Fame, Dies at 94|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1 October 2018|access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref> At the time of his death his tax residence was in [[Saint-Sulpice, Vaud]], Switzerland.<ref>{{cite news|author=Marion Moussadek|url=http://www.lematin.ch/people/aznavour-j-pousse-vivre-suisse/story/27633469|title=Aznavour: "J'ai été poussé à vivre en Suisse"|newspaper=[[Le Matin (Switzerland)|Le Matin]]|date=12 November 2013|access-date=13 November 2013|language=fr}}</ref> The autopsy report concluded that Aznavour died of [[cardiorespiratory arrest]] complicated by an acute [[pulmonary edema]].<ref name="francetvinfo"/> A requiem mass for him was held on 6 October by Catholicos [[Karekin II]] at the [[Armenian Cathedral of St. John the Baptist]] in Paris.<ref>{{cite news|title=PM Pashinyan attends requiem ceremony offered for Charles Aznavour at St. John the Baptist Church in Paris|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/949966.html|work=Armenpress|date=6 October 2018}}</ref>

On 5 October, Aznavour was honoured with a [[state funeral]] at [[Les Invalides]] in Paris. The president [[Emmanuel Macron]] delivered a eulogy describing Aznavour as one of the most important "faces of France", and his lyrics as, "for millions of people a balm, a remedy, a comfort ... For so many decades, he has made our life sweeter, our tears less bitter." His coffin was carried out as his song, "Emmenez-Moi" (Take Me Along), played.<ref>{{cite news|author=Angelique Chrisafis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/05/in-france-poets-never-die-france-pays-homage-to-aznavour-funeral|title='In France, poets never die': Macron pays tribute to Aznavour 'Son of immigrants' likened to Apollinaire and praised for his cultural contribution to France|newspaper=The Guardian|date=5 October 2018|access-date=14 October 2018}}</ref> Dignitaries attending the funeral also included [[French Prime Minister]] [[Édouard Philippe]], former presidents [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] and [[François Hollande]], as well as [[Armenian President]] [[Armen Sarkissian]] and Prime Minister [[Nikol Pashinyan]] and their wives.<ref>{{cite news|author=Brian Love|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-aznavour/france-bids-adieu-to-aznavour-pays-tribute-to-armenian-roots-idUSKCN1MF0YY|title=France bids adieu to Aznavour, pays tribute to Armenian roots|website=[[Reuters]]|date=5 October 2018|access-date=14 October 2018}}</ref>

He is interred in the family crypt at the [[Montfort-l'Amaury]] cemetery.<ref>[https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/medias-people/du-monde-a-montfort-l-amaury-pour-se-recueillir-sur-la-tombe-de-charles-aznavour-1541236036 Du monde à Montfort l'Amaury pour se recueillir sur la tombe de Charles Aznavour], [[France Bleu]] (in French). 3 November 2018.</ref>

==Awards and recognition==
[[File:Charles Aznavour Gyumri statue 2.jpg|thumb|300px|Statue of Aznavour in [[Gyumri]], Armenia]]

===Decorations===
* [[File:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|40px]] Knight of the French [[Legion of Honour]]: 1989
* [[File:Legion Honneur Officier ribbon.svg|40px]] Officer of the French [[Legion of Honour]]: 1997<ref>{{cite web |date=2 January 2004 |title=France/Légion d'honneur : la promotion du Nouvel An ŕ de nombreuses personnalités de divers milieux |url=http://french.peopledaily.com.cn/french/200401/02/fra20040102_64742.html |access-date=18 August 2015 |publisher=French.peopledaily.com.cn |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[File:Legion Honneur Commandeur ribbon.svg|40px]] Commandeur of the French [[Legion of Honour]]: 2003<ref>{{Cite news |title=Aznavour commandeur de la Légion d'honneur |language=fr|url=https://o.nouvelobs.com/people/20040514.OBS9273/aznavour-commandeur-de-la-legion-d-honneur.html|website=O.nouvelobs.com|access-date=20 January 2018}}</ref>
* [[File:Ordre national du Merite Officier ribbon.svg|40px]] Officer in the [[Ordre national du Mérite|French Order of Merit]]: 1986
* [[File:Ordre national du Merite Commandeur ribbon.svg|40px]] Commandeur in the [[Ordre national du Mérite|French Order of Merit]]: 2000
* [[File:Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Commandeur ribbon.svg|40px]] Commandeur de l'[[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]]: 1997
* [[File:National Hero of Armenia ribbon.png|40px]] [[National Hero of Armenia]]: 2004<ref>{{cite web |date=28 May 2004 |title=Charles Aznavour and Kirk Kerkorian National Heroes of Armenia |url=http://www.panarmenian.net/news/eng/?nid=10630 |access-date=1 May 2011 |website=Panarmenian.net}}</ref>
* [[File:BEL Order of Leopold II - Officer BAR.png|40px]] Officer in the Belgian [[Order of Leopold II]]: 2004<ref>{{cite news |date=1 October 2018 |title=Les liens particuliers de Charles Aznavour avec la Belgique |language=fr |newspaper=La Libre |url=http://www.lalibre.be/culture/musique/les-liens-particuliers-de-charles-aznavour-avec-la-belgique-5bb24b45cd70a16d81296362 |access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[File:BEL Kroonorde Commandeur BAR.svg|40px]] Commandeur in the Belgian [[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Order of the Crown]]: 2015<ref>{{cite web |date=16 November 2015 |title=Charles Aznavour fait commandeur de l'Ordre de la couronne |url=https://www.rtbf.be/culture/musique/detail_charles-aznavour-fait-commandeur-de-l-ordre-de-la-couronne?id=9137952 |website=[[RTBF]] |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[File:CAN Order of Canada Officer ribbon.svg|40px]] Officer in the [[Order of Canada]]: 2008<ref name="The Canadian Press">{{cite web |date=31 March 2009 |title=Aznavour receives Order of Canada honours in Quebec - The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/article695422.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903182059/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/article695422.ece |archive-date=3 September 2009 |access-date=18 August 2015 |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]}}</ref>
* [[File:Barrette Ordre national du Québec - Officier.svg|40px]] Officer in the [[National Order of Quebec]]: 2009<ref>{{cite web |title=Citation |url=http://www.ordre-national.gouv.qc.ca/membres/membre.asp?id=2558 |work=National Order of Quebec}}</ref>
* [[File:JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 4Class BAR.svg|40px]] Japanese [[Order of the Rising Sun]]: 2018

===Honours===
* [[Medal of the City of Paris]]: 1969
* Grand Medal of the [[French Academy]]: 1995<ref>{{cite web |date=1 October 2018 |title=5 dates clés dans la carrière de Charles Aznavour |url=http://www.nostalgie.fr/artistes/charles-aznavour/actualites/5-dates-cles-dans-la-carriere-de-charles-aznavour-344036 |access-date=2 October 2018 |publisher=Nostalgie |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[Armenian nationality law|Citizenship]] of Armenia<ref name="Itzkoff" />
* [[Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal]]: 2012
* Raoul Wallenberg Medal: 2017<ref name="Wallenberg Medal" />

=== Awards ===
* Best Actor Award from the French Cinema Academy for his role in ''La Tête contre les murs'' by [[Georges Franju]]: 1959
* [[Edison Award]]s (three-time award winner): 1963, 1971 and 1980<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Lumley|editor1-first=Elizabeth|title=Canadian Who's Who 2009|date=2009|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|isbn=978-0802040923|page=50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X4cOAQAAMAAJ}}</ref>
* First Prize for French Song in Japan for La Mamma: 1964
* American Society of Songwriters Award: 1969
* [[Golden Lion]] Honorary Award at the [[Venice Film Festival]] for the Italian version of the song ''Mourir d'aimer'': 1971<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/musique/videos-mourir-d-aimer-charles-aznavour-contre-le-conservatisme-des-annees-1970_1699181.html | title=Mourir d'aimer: Charles Aznavour contre le conservatisme des années 1970 | magazine=L'Express | date=19 July 2015 | access-date=2 October 2018 | author=Colonna-Césari, Annick}}</ref>
* Bernard-Lecache award
* Ambassador of Goodwill and Permanent Delegate of Armenia to [[UNESCO]]: 1995<ref>{{cite web |url=http://erc.unesco.org/cp/cp.asp?country=am&language=e |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031011174649/http://erc.unesco.org/cp/cp.asp?country=AM&language=E |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 October 2003 |title=Delegation of Armenia to UNESCO |publisher=Erc.unesco.org |access-date=1 May 2011 }}</ref>
* Induction into the [[Songwriters Hall of Fame]]: 1996<ref>{{cite web | author=Gregory Viscusi| url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-01/charles-aznavour-french-singer-compared-to-sinatra-dies-at-94 | title=Charles Aznavour, French Singer Compared to Sinatra, Dies at 94 | publisher=Bloomberg | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018 }}</ref>
* French [[Victoires de la Musique|Victoire]] award for Male Artist of the Year: 1997<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/les-grandes-dates-de-la-vie-de-charles-aznavour-01-10-2018-2259278_3.php | title=Les grandes dates de la vie de Charles Aznavour | magazine=Le Point | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* Honorary [[César Award]]: 1997<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/french-singer-actor-charles-aznavour-dies-at-age-94/ | title=French singer, actor Charles Aznavour dies at age 94 | publisher=CBS | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[MIDEM]] Lifetime Achievement Award: 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panarmenian.net/news/eng/?nid=28195 |title=Aznavour to receive MIDEM award, PanArmenian.net, 15.01.2009 |publisher=Panarmenian.net |date=15 January 2009 |access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref>
* [[Grigor Lusavorich]] award of [[Nagorno-Karabakh Republic]]: 2009<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.regnum.ru/news/fd-abroad/armenia/1164595.html |title=Именем Шарля Азнавура в Степанакерте назван культурный центр, Regnum, 2009 |publisher=Regnum.ru |date=18 May 2009 |access-date=1 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308225932/http://www.regnum.ru/news/fd-abroad/armenia/1164595.html |archive-date=8 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Honorary Doctorate from the [[University of Montreal]]: 2009<ref>{{cite news | url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/charles-aznavour-who-had-lifelong-love-affair-with-quebec-has-died | title=Charles Aznavour, who had lifelong love affair with Quebec, has died | newspaper=Montreal Gazette | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* Honorary order from Russia "For contributing to strengthening cultural relations between Russia and France": 2010<ref>{{cite web |title=Charles Aznavour to Receive Special Recognition from Russia |url=https://russkiymir.ru/en/news/123241/ |website=russkiymir.ru |access-date=20 May 2024 |date=24 August 2010}}</ref>
* Special Prize named after [[Rouben Mamoulian]] of the "Hayak" National Film Awards in Armenia for "his great contribution to world cinema": 2014<ref>{{cite news|title=The French-Armenian legendary singer Charles Aznavour was awarded with the special prize named after Ruben Mamulyan during|url=http://armenpress.am/eng/news/761674/charles-aznavour-is-awarded-with-special-prize-named-after-ruben-mamulyan-at-%E2%80%9Chayak%E2%80%9D.html|access-date=8 June 2014|work=Armenpress|date=13 May 2014}}</ref>
* Honorary Award at the [[NRJ Music Award]]s: 2015
* Star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] for Live Performance, located at 6225 [[Hollywood Boulevard]]: 2016<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/people-charlesaznavour-idUSL4N1CY1ZN|title=French crooner Charles Aznavour gets honorary Hollywood Star plaque|date=29 October 2016|website=Reuters}}</ref>

===Statues and busts===
* At Carrefour de l'Odéon in Paris, a bust of Aznavour was unveiled in 2021, in the neighborhood where Aznavour grew up.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://parissecret.com/un-buste-de-bronze-de-charles-aznavour-inaugure-a-paris-en-sa-memoire-2021/ | title=Un buste de bronze de Charles Aznavour inauguré ce week-end à Paris en sa mémoire !|website=Parissecret.com | date=24 May 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.arts-in-the-city.com/2021/05/26/un-buste-en-bronze-de-charles-aznavour-inaugure-a-paris/ | title=Un buste en bronze de Charles Aznavour inauguré à Paris |website=Arts-in-the-city.com | date=26 May 2021 }}</ref>
* In [[Gyumri]], Armenia there is a statue of Aznavour in a square named after him
* In [[Artsakh Republic]], a monument-bust of Aznavour was built in front of the Charles Aznavour Culture Center in Stepanakert in 2021<ref>{{cite web | url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1053101/ | title=Bust of Charles Aznavour inaugurated in Stepanakert, Artsakh|website=Armenpress.am}}</ref> to mark Aznavour's 100th birthday.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://factor.am/746244.html|title=Azerbaijanis dismantled Charles Aznavour's monument in Artsakh|website=Factor.am}}</ref> [[Azerbaijan]] destroyed it after invading in September, 2023.<ref name="auto"/>
* In [[Varna, Bulgaria]] a seated statue of Aznavour was unveiled in 2022<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.armradio.am/2022/06/01/charles-aznavour-monument-unveiled-in-varna-bulgaria/ | title=Charles Aznavour monument unveiled in Varna, Bulgaria|website=En.armradio.am }}</ref>

===Other===
* Armenia minted a gold ֏10,000 face value collector coin in 2024 dedicated to the one hundredth anniversary of Aznavour's birth.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.armradio.am/2024/05/20/armenia-puts-into-circulation-gold-collector-coin-dedicated-to-charles-aznavours-100th-birth-anniversary/ | title=Armenia puts into circulation gold collector coin dedicated to Charles Aznavour's 100th birth anniversary |website=En.armradio.com}}</ref>
* Paris named a garden near Champs-Élysées and Concorde square "Jardin Charles Aznavour" on the 100th anniversary of his birth.<ref>https://en.armradio.am/2024/05/23/park-in-the-heart-of-paris-named-after-charles-aznavour/</ref>

==Bibliography==
*''Aznavour par Aznavour'', Paris, Fayard, 1970, 311 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-7020-0214-8}}).
*''Des mots à l'affiche'', Paris, Le Cherche-midi, 1991, 153 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-86274-210-6}}).
*''Mes chansons préférées'', (co-authored with Daniel Sciora), Christian Pirot, 2000
*''Le Temps des avants'', Paris, Flammarion, 2003, 354 p. ({{ISBN|2-08-068536-8}}).
*''Images de ma vie'' (photo book), Flammarion, 2005
*''Mon père, ce géant'', Paris, Flammarion, 2007, 152 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-08-120974-9}} et 2-08-120974-8)
*''À voix basse'', Paris, Don Quichotte, 2009, 225 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-35949-001-5}}).
*''D'une porte l'autre'', Paris, Éditions Don Quichotte, 2011, 163 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-35949-044-2}})
*''En haut de l'affiche'', Paris, Flammarion, 2011, 150 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-08-125710-8}})
*''Tant que battra mon cœur'', Paris, Éditions Don Quichotte, 2013, 228 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-35949-162-3}})
*''Ma vie, mes chansons, mes films'', (co-authored with Philippe Durant & Vincent Perrot), Paris, Éditions de la Martinière, 2015, 232 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-7324-7083-2}})
*''Retiens la vie'', Paris, Éditions Don Quichotte, 2017, 139 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-35949-683-3}})

==Discography==
{{Main|Charles Aznavour discography}}

To mark the centenary of Charles Aznavour's birth, [[Universal France]] is releasing the box set [[The Complete Work - Centenary Edition]] on May 10, 2024. This reissue includes his entire French and international discography, featuring both studio and live recordings.

==Filmography==
{{Main|Charles Aznavour filmography}}

==See also==
*[[List of best-selling music artists]]
*[[Armenia–France relations]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
;Citations
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

;Works cited
* {{cite book |last=Belleret |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Vie et légendes de Charles Aznavour |language=fr |publisher=Archipel |isbn=9782809823783}}
* {{cite book |last=Dicale |first=Bertrand |date=2017 |title=Tout Aznavour |language=fr |isbn=978-2-412-03531-3}}

==External links==

{{commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://www.charlesaznavour-lesite.fr}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181005152752/https://aznavourfoundation.org/en/ Aznavour Foundation]
* [http://imusic.am/artist/4963 Charles Aznavour ] on imusic.am
* {{cite web|url=http://www.armenian.ch/index.php?id=ambassador|title=Portrait de S.E. Charles Aznavour|publisher=Embassy of Armenia in Switzerland|language=fr|access-date=21 February 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630015859/http://www.armenian.ch/index.php?id=ambassador|archive-date=30 June 2014}}
* {{IMDb name|2198|Charles Aznavour}}
* {{Shof|id=61|name=Charles Aznavour}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110416155211/http://www.rfimusique.com/siteen/biographie/biographie_6059.asp Biography] by [[Radio France International]]
* [http://www.aznavour.narod.ru/ Charles Aznavour – Armenian-Russian Pages]

{{s-start}}
{{s-ach|aw}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Maxime Le Forestier]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Victoires de la Musique#Male Artist of the Year|Male artist of the year]] at the [[Victoires de la Musique]]|years = 1997}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Florent Pagny]]}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef|rows=2|before = [[Zohrab Mnatsakanian]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Permanent Representative]] of Armenia to the [[United Nations Office at Geneva|United Nations in Geneva]]|years = from 26 June 2009 till 1 October 2018}}
{{s-inc|rows=2}}
{{s-ttl|title = Ambassador of Armenia to Switzerland|years = from 30 June 2009 till 1 October 2018}}
{{s-end}}

{{Charles Aznavour}}
{{Honorary César}}
{{National Heroes of Armenia}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aznavour, Charles}}
[[Category:Charles Aznavour| ]]
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Armenia to Switzerland]]
[[Category:Angel Records artists]]
[[Category:Armenian Apostolic Christians]]
[[Category:Barclay Records artists]]
[[Category:Capitol Records artists]]
[[Category:César Honorary Award recipients]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)]]
[[Category:Order of Leopold (Belgium)]]
[[Category:English-language singers from France]]
[[Category:Ethnic Armenian male actors]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of France]]
[[Category:French people of Armenian descent]]
[[Category:French male film actors]]
[[Category:French male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:French singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:German-language singers]]
[[Category:Italian-language singers of France]]
[[Category:Male actors from Paris]]
[[Category:Liberty Records artists]]
[[Category:Mercury Records artists]]
[[Category:MGM Records artists]]
[[Category:Monument Records artists]]
[[Category:National Hero of Armenia]]
[[Category:Officers of the National Order of Quebec]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of Canada]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun]]
[[Category:Permanent Delegates of Armenia to UNESCO]]
[[Category:Permanent Representatives of Armenia to the United Nations]]
[[Category:RCA Records artists]]
[[Category:RCA Victor artists]]
[[Category:Reprise Records artists]]
[[Category:Spanish-language singers of France]]
[[Category:Deaths from pulmonary edema]]

Charles Aznavour

2024-05-21T01:59:54Z

RaffiKojian: /* Awards and recognition */ armenian gold coin

{{Short description|French singer and songwriter (1924–2018)}}
{{redirect|Aznavour|other uses|Aznavour (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Charles Aznavour
| native_name = {{nobold|Շահնուր Վաղինակ Ազնաւուրեան}}
| native_name_lang = hy
| image = Charles Aznavour 1961.jpg
| caption = Aznavour in 1961
| birth_name = Charles Aznavourian
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1924|5|22}}
| birth_place = Paris, France
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2018|10|1|1924|5|22}}
| death_place = [[Mouriès]], France
| burial_place = [[Montfort-l'Amaury]] (Yvelines), France
| citizenship = {{plainlist|
* France
* Armenia (from 2008)
}}
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Singer-lyricist
* actor
* public activist
* diplomat
}}
| years_active = 1933–2018
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Micheline Rugel|1946|1952|reason=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Evelyne Plessis|1956|1960|reason=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Ulla Thorsell|1967|}}
}}
| children = 6, including [[Seda Aznavour|Seda]]
| awards = {{Indented plainlist|
* {{awd|[[Legion of Honour]]|1997, 2001, 2004}}
* {{see below|{{section link||Awards and recognition}}}}
}}
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| genre = {{flatlist|
*[[Pop music|Pop]]
*[[chanson]]
}}
| label = {{flatlist|
*[[EMI Records|EMI]]
*[[Barclay Records|Barclay]]
*[[Mercury Records|Mercury]]
*[[Monument Records|Monument]]
*[[MGM Records|MGM]]
*[[Polydor]]
*[[Reprise Records|Reprise]]
*[[Liberty Records|Liberty]]
*[[RCA Victor]]
*MusArm
*[[Som Livre]]
}}
| associated_acts =
| website = {{URL|charlesaznavour.com}}
}}
}}

'''Charles Aznavour''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|z|n|ə|ˈ|v|ʊər}} {{respell|AZ|nə|VOOR}}, {{IPA-fr|ʃaʁl aznavuʁ|lang}}; born '''Charles Aznavourian''',{{efn|This name appears on his birth certificate, although his parents originally wanted to name him {{lang|hy-Latn|Shahnour Vaghinag Aznavourian}}; {{lang-hy|Շահնուր Վաղինակ Ազնավուրյան}}, {{lang|hy-Latn|Shahnur Vaghinak Aznavuryan}}, (also spelled Chahnour,<ref name="Hovannisian"/> and Varenagh<ref name="Katz">{{cite book|last=Katz|first=Ephraim|author-link=Ephraim Katz|title=The Film Encyclopedia|publisher=HarperCollins|location=New York|isbn=9780062277114|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=OUujVPHXBZIC&q=%22Shahnour%22+Varenagh+Aznavourian%22&pg=PA1653 1653]|edition=7th|date=26 February 2013}}</ref>)}} 22 May 1924 – 1 October 2018) was a [[Armenians in France|French singer of Armenian ancestry]], as well as a lyricist, actor and diplomat. Aznavour was known for his distinctive vibrato [[tenor]] voice:<ref>{{cite news|last=Riding|first=Alan|author-link1=Alan Riding|date=18 October 1998|title=Aznavour, The Last Chanteur|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/18/arts/music-aznavour-the-last-chanteur.html|quote=his highly distinct tenor voice}}</ref> clear and ringing in its upper reaches, with gravelly and profound low notes. In a career as a composer, [[singer and songwriter]], spanning over 70 years, he recorded more than 1,200 songs interpreted in 9 languages.<ref>Charles Aznavour recorded in French, English, Italian, Spanish, German, Armenian (''Yes kou rimet'n tchim kidi'', ''La goutte d'eau'' and ''Sirerk''), Neapolitan (''Napule amica mia''), Russian (''Vetchnai lioubov'') and Kabyle (''La bohème'' in a duet with Idir).[http://www.goplanete.com/aznavour/catalogue/catalogue.htm Charles Aznavour Songs Catalog]</ref> Moreover, he wrote or co-wrote more than 1,000 songs for himself and others. Aznavour is regarded as one of the greatest songwriters of all time and an icon of 20th-century pop culture.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 October 2018|title=Master of the chanson Charles Aznavour dead at 94|url=https://www.dw.com/en/master-of-the-chanson-charles-aznavour-dead-at-94/a-17649140|website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref>

One of France's most popular and enduring singers,<ref name="Deutsche Welle"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Shea|first1=Michael|title=The Freedom Years: Tactical Tips for the Trailblazer Generation|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Chichester|isbn=9781841127545|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=roN-4QHeZQYC&dq=Charles+Aznavour+%22best+known%22&pg=PA122 122]|quote=One of France's best known pop stars, Charles Aznavour}}</ref> he was dubbed France's [[Frank Sinatra]],<ref name="Deming"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Hunter-Tilney|first=Ludovic|title=Charles Aznavour, Royal Albert Hall, London – review|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/8174330c-3fce-11e3-8882-00144feabdc0.html#axzz365LcGLPa|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210221210/https://www.ft.com/content/8174330c-3fce-11e3-8882-00144feabdc0#axzz365LcGLPa|archive-date=10 December 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|access-date=30 June 2014|newspaper=[[Financial Times]]|date=28 October 2013}}</ref> while music critic [[Stephen Holden]] described Aznavour as a "[[French pop]] deity".<ref name="holden-tnyt">{{cite news |last=Holden |first=Stephen |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=30 April 2009 |title=Aznavour Exploring Both Love and l'Amour |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/01/arts/music/01azna.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=30 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102174118/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/01/arts/music/01azna.html |archive-date=2 January 2015}}</ref> Several media outlets described him as the most famous [[Armenians|Armenian]] of all time.<ref name="Deutsche Welle">{{cite news|last=Cords|first=Suzanne|title=The master of the chanson|url=http://dw.de/p/1C3LY|date=21 May 2014|access-date=30 June 2014|agency=[[Deutsche Welle]]|quote=Long a legend, Charles Aznavour is the best known French chansonnier and arguably Armenia's most famous son.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Akopian|first=Aram|title=Armenians and the World: Yesterday and Today|date=2001|publisher=Noyan Tapan|location=Yerevan|isbn=9789993051299|page=91|quote=It will be probably just to say that today he is the most famous Armenian, known and admired all over the world.}}</ref> [[Jean Cocteau]] once said: "Before Aznavour despair was unpopular".<ref>{{cite news|author=Alexis Petridis|title=From drag queens to dead marriages, Charles Aznavour was far from easy listening|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/oct/01/from-drag-queens-to-dead-marriages-charles-aznavour-was-far-from-easy-listening|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=1 October 2018|access-date=5 October 2018}}</ref>

Aznavour sang for presidents, popes and royalty, as well as at humanitarian events. In response to the [[1988 Armenian earthquake]], he founded the charitable organization Aznavour for Armenia along with his long-time friend [[impresario]] [[Lévon Sayan]]. In 2008, he was granted [[Armenian citizenship]]<ref name="Itzkoff">{{cite news|last=Itzkoff|first=David|author-link=David Itzkoff|date=26 December 2008|title=Aznavour Granted Armenian Citizenship|newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/27/arts/27arts-AZNAVOURGRAN_BRF.html?partner=rss&emc=rss|access-date=10 February 2014}}</ref> and was appointed [[Armenia–Switzerland relations|ambassador of Armenia to Switzerland]] the following year, as well as Armenia's [[permanent delegate]] to the [[United Nations at Geneva]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Aznavour to become Armenian envoy|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7888243.stm|agency=BBC|date=13 February 2009}}</ref>

He started his last world tour in 2014. In 2017, Aznavour was awarded the 2,618th star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]. Later that year, he and his sister, {{ill|Aida Aznavourian|hy|Աիդա Ազնավուրյան}}, were awarded the [[Raoul Wallenberg Award]] for sheltering [[Jews during World War II]]. His concert at the [[NHK Hall in Osaka]], in September 2018,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtl.fr/culture/musique/mort-de-charles-aznavour-le-japon-pleure-la-disparition-du-chanteur-7795010558|title=Le Japon pleure la disparition de Charles Aznavour|website=RTL France|date=2 October 2018 |access-date=14 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref> would be his final performance.

Between 1974 and 2016, Aznavour received around sixty gold and platinum records around the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://snepmusique.com/les-certifications/?interprete=charles%20aznavour|title = Les certifications}}</ref> According to his record company, the total sales of Aznavour's recordings were over 180 million units.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.universalmusic.fr/artistes/20000048069|title = Charles Aznavour - Universal Music France}}</ref><ref>[https://www.lanouvellerepublique.fr/a-la-une/rien-n-arrete-aznavour] {{dead link|date=June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/musique/1300-titres-80-films-8-langues-la-carriere-de-charles-aznavour-en-chiffres-01-10-2018-7908204.php.|title=1300 titres, 80 films, 8 langues… la carrière de Charles Aznavour en chiffres|website=Leparisien.fr|date=October 2018}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Early life and family==
Aznavour was born on 22 May 1924<ref name="armenian.ch">{{cite web|title=Portrait de S.E. Charles Aznavour|url=http://www.armenian.ch/index.php?id=ambassador|publisher=Embassy of Armenia in Switzerland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630015859/http://www.armenian.ch/index.php?id=ambassador|archive-date=30 June 2014|language=fr}}</ref> at the clinic Tarnier at 89, [[rue d'Assas]] in [[Saint-Germain-des-Prés]], [[6th arrondissement of Paris]], into a family of artists living on [[rue Monsieur-le-Prince]].<ref name="Bellaïche_11">{{cite book|author=Raoul Bellaïche|title=Aznavour "Non je n'ai rien oublié"|trans-title=Aznavour "No, I have not forgotten anything"|publisher=Éditions de l'Archipel|date=24 August 2014|isbn=9782809807646|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=678ghCLrSYoC|access-date=13 August 2018|page=11|language=fr}}</ref> He was named Shahnour (or Chahnour)<ref name="Hovannisian">{{cite book|last=Hovannisian|first=Richard G.|author-link=Richard Hovannisian|title=The Armenian Genocide: Cultural and Ethical Legacies|year=2007|publisher=Transaction Publishers|location=New Brunswick, N.J.|isbn=9781412835923|page=215}}</ref> Vaghinag (Vaghenagh)<ref name="Katz"/> Aznavourian<ref name="armenian.ch"/> ({{lang-hy|Շահնուր Վաղինակ Ազնաւուրեան}}), by his parents, [[Armenians|Armenian]] immigrants Michael (Misha) Aznavourian (from present-day [[Akhaltsikhe]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]])<ref name="armenian.ch"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicme.com/Charles-Aznavour/biographie/|title=Biographie Charles Aznavour|publisher=Musicme.com|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> and Knar Baghdasarian, an [[Armenian genocide]] survivor from Adapazarı (in present-day [[Sakarya, Turkey]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billetnet.fr/en/wiki/Charles_Aznavour|title=Biodata|publisher=Billetnet.fr|access-date=1 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720205407/http://www.billetnet.fr/en/wiki/Charles_Aznavour|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/charles-aznavour/|title=CHARLES AZNAVOUR - Encyclopædia Universalis|publisher=Universalis.fr|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref>{{sfn|Dicale|2017|p=713}} He had one older sister, Aïda, born in January 1923 in [[Thessaloniki]], [[Greece]] before their family moved to France.{{sfn|Belleret|2018|p=18}} The Aznavourians ran a small Armenian restaurant in the rue de la Huchette, a hangout for actors and musicians until the Depression. One biography says that Misha’s father — Charles’s grandfather — “had been a chef to [[Nicholas II of Russia|Czar Nicholas II]].” But Aznavour himself gave a laugh about it: “My grandfather,” he said, “was a chef for the governor of Tiflis, in Georgia. The czar used to eat there every 150 years.”<ref>[http://www.thevillager.com/villager_176/aurevoirfrom.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522213752/http://www.thevillager.com/villager_176/aurevoirfrom.html}} The Villager</ref>
Charles's parents introduced him to performing at an early age, and he dropped out of school at age nine, and took the stage name "Aznavour".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEN/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|date=December 2008|title=Charles Aznavour|newspaper=RFI Musique|access-date=10 February 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210004828/http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEN/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|archive-date=10 February 2011 }}</ref>

=== World War II ===
During the [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II|German occupation of France]] during [[World War II]], Aznavour and his family hid "a number of people who were persecuted by the Nazis, while Charles and his sister Aida were involved in rescue activities." Their work was recognized in a statement issued in 2017 by [[Reuven Rivlin]], President of Israel. That year, Aznavour and Aida received the [[Raoul Wallenberg Award]] for their wartime activities. "The Aznavours were closely linked to the [[Missak Manouchian]] [[French Resistance|Resistance Group]] and in this context they offered shelter to Armenians, [[The Holocaust in France|Jews]] and others at their own Paris flat, risking their own lives."<ref name="Wallenberg Medal">{{cite web|title=Charles Aznavour and his sister Aida received the Raoul Wallenberg Medal|url=http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/news/charles-aznavour-and-his-sister-aida-received-the-raoul-wallenberg-medal|website=The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation|access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Legendary singer Aznavour given award for family efforts to save Jews in WWII|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/legendary-singer-aznavour-given-award-for-family-efforts-to-save-jews-in-wwii/|access-date=1 October 2018|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|agency=AFP|date=28 October 2017}}</ref>

==Career==

=== Musical career ===
Aznavour was already familiar with performing on stage by the time he began his career as a musician. At the age of nine, he had roles in a play called ''{{lang|fr|Un Petit Diable à Paris}}'' and a film entitled ''{{lang|fr|La Guerre des Gosses}}''.<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|editor1-last=Henderson|editor1-first=Lol|editor2-last=Stacey|editor2-first=Lee|title=Encyclopedia of Music in the 20th Century|date=2014|publisher=Taylor and Francis|page=35|location=Hoboken|isbn=978-1135929466}}</ref> Aznavour then turned to professional dancing and performed in several nightclubs. In 1944, he and actor [[Pierre Roche (musician)|Pierre Roche]] began a partnership and in collaborative efforts performed in numerous nightclubs. It was through this partnership that Aznavour began to write songs and sing. Meanwhile, Aznavour wrote his first song entitled ''{{lang|fr|J'ai Bu}}'' in 1944.<ref name=encyclopedia /> The partnership's first successes were in [[Canada]] in 1948–1950.<ref>{{cite book |last=DiMartino |first=Dave |date=2016 |title=Music in the 20th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sB4GDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA35 |location=London and New York |publisher=[[Routledge]] |page=35 |isbn=978-0-76568-012-9}}</ref>

[[File:Charles Aznavour 1963.jpg|thumb|upright|Aznavour in 1963]]

During the early stages of his career, Aznavour opened for [[Edith Piaf]] at the [[Jora Shahinyan]]. Piaf then advised him to pursue a career in singing. Piaf helped Aznavour develop a distinctive voice that stimulated the best of his abilities.<ref name=encyclopedia />

Sometimes described as "France's [[Frank Sinatra]]",<ref name="Deming">{{cite web|last=Deming|first=Mark|title=Charles Aznavour 40 Chansons D'or|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/40-chansons-dor-mw0000475684|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=30 June 2014}}</ref> Aznavour sang frequently about love. He wrote or co-wrote [[musical theater|musicals]], more than one thousand songs, and recorded ninety-one studio albums. Aznavour's voice was shaded towards the tenor range, but possessed the low range and coloration more typical of a baritone, contributing to his unique sound. Aznavour spoke and sang in many languages ([[French language|French]], [[English language|English]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[German language|German]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Armenian language|Armenian]], [[Neapolitan language|Neapolitan]] and [[Kabyle language|Kabyle]]), which helped him perform at [[Carnegie Hall]], in the US, and other major venues around the world. He also recorded at least one song from the 18th-century Armenian poet [[Sayat-Nova]] (in 1988), an Armenian-French song with [[Bratsch (band)|Bratsch]] (in 2007),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aravot-en.am/2018/10/08/219837/|title=What song was the French soldier singing at Aznavour's memorial service? Connection between Bratsch group and Aznavour |website=Aravot-en.am|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref> and a popular song, ''{{lang|hy-Latn|Im Yare}}''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armenianweekly.com/2010/01/11/charles-and-seda-aznavour-record-new-duo-in-armenian/|title=Charles and Seda Aznavour Record New Duo in Armenian|publisher=Armenian Weekly|date=12 January 2010|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> (in 2009) in Armenian. "[[Que C'est Triste Venise]]", sung in French, Italian ("{{lang|it|Com'è Triste Venezia}}"), Spanish ("{{lang|es|Venecia Sin Ti}}"), English ("How Sad Venice Can Be") and German ("{{lang|de|Venedig in Grau}}"), was very successful the mid-1960s.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20181001/muere-charles-aznavour-canciones-7064567| title=5 canciones para recordar a Charles Aznavour| publisher=El Periódico|date=1 October 2018| access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

1972 saw the release of his 23rd studio album, ''{{lang|fr|Idiote je t'aime...}}'', which contained among others, two of his classics - "{{lang|fr|Les plaisirs démodés}}" (Old-Fashioned Pleasures) and "{{lang|fr|Comme ils disent}}" (As They Say), the latter dealing with homosexuality, which at the time, was revolutionary.<ref>{{cite news |last=Haloche |first=Laurence |date=16 August 2011 |title=Comme ils disent , quand Aznavour aborde l'homosexualité sans tabou |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/2015/12/13/03006-20151213ARTFIG00013--comme-ils-disent-quand-aznavour-aborde-l-homosexualite-sans-tabou.php |work=[[Le Figaro]] |language=French |access-date=29 January 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151213174409/http://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/2015/12/13/03006-20151213ARTFIG00013--comme-ils-disent-quand-aznavour-aborde-l-homosexualite-sans-tabou.php |archive-date=13 December 2015}}</ref>

In 1974, Aznavour became a major success in the [[United Kingdom]] when his song "[[She (Charles Aznavour song)|She]]" was number 1 on the [[UK Singles Chart]] for four weeks during a fourteen-week run. His other well-known song in the UK was the 1973 "[[The Old Fashioned Way (song)|The Old Fashioned Way]]", which was on UK charts for 15 weeks.<ref>Talent in Europe / Billboard 22 January 1977, p. 36</ref><ref>Songwriters: a biographical dictionary with discographies - by Nigel Harrison - 1998 - p. 28</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/_/Charles+Aznavour|title=Official Charts Company|website=Officialcharts.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tsort.info/music/cw8ahr.htm|title=Song artist 642 - Charles Aznavour|publisher=Tsort.info|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref>

Artists who have recorded his songs and collaborated with Aznavour include [[Édith Piaf]], [[Fred Astaire]], [[Frank Sinatra]] (Aznavour was one of the rare European singers invited to duet with him<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rfimusique.com/musiqueen/articles/108/article_8139.asp|title=Album review - Charles Aznavour's "Duos"|publisher=RFI Musique|date=28 December 2009|access-date=18 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924121339/http://www.rfimusique.com/musiqueen/articles/108/article_8139.asp|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>), [[Andrea Bocelli]], [[Bing Crosby]], [[Ray Charles]], [[Bob Dylan]] (he named Aznavour among the greatest live performers he had ever seen),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://expectingrain.com/dok/int/RS1987.html#ca|title=Bob Dylan interview: Rolling Stone Nov/Dec 1987|publisher=Expectingrain.com|date=10 December 1995|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.covermesongs.com/2010/08/bob-dylan-the-times-weve-known.html|title=Song of the Day: Bob Dylan, 'The Times We've Known' (Charles Aznavour cover) » Cover Me|publisher=Covermesongs.com|date=13 August 2010|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> [[Dusty Springfield]], [[Liza Minnelli]], [[Mia Martini]], [[Elton John]], [[Dalida]], [[Serge Gainsbourg]], [[Josh Groban]], [[Petula Clark]], [[Tom Jones (singer)|Tom Jones]], [[Shirley Bassey]], [[José Carreras]], [[Laura Pausini]], [[Roy Clark]], [[Nana Mouskouri]], [[Peggy Lee]] and [[Julio Iglesias]]. Fellow French pop singer [[Mireille Mathieu]] sang and recorded with Aznavour on numerous occasions. The English singer [[Marc Almond]] was noted by Aznavour as his favourite interpreter of his songs, having covered Aznavour's "What makes a man a man" in the 1990s. Almond cited Aznavour as a major influence on his style and work. In 1974, [[Jack Jones (singer)|Jack Jones]] recorded an entire album of Aznavour compositions entitled ''Write Me A Love Song, Charlie'', re-released on CD in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jackjones.lolipop.jp/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412044204/http://jackjones.lolipop.jp/lovesongcharlie.htm|url-status=dead|title=HOME|archivedate=12 April 2008|website=The official Jack Jones website|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Jack Jones|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000GALD46|title=Jack Jones - Write Me a Love Song Charlie (Mini Lp Sleeve) - Amazon.com Music|website=Amazon|date=29 August 2006|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> Two years later, in 1976, Dutch singer [[Liesbeth List]] released her album ''Charles Aznavour Presents Liesbeth List'', which featured Aznavour's compositions with English lyrics. Aznavour and Italian tenor [[Luciano Pavarotti]] sang [[Charles Gounod|Gounod's]] aria "[[Ave Maria (Bach/Gounod)|Ave Maria]]" together. He performed with [[Russians|Russian]] cellist and friend [[Mstislav Rostropovich]] to inaugurate the [[Presidency of the Council of the European Union#1958 to 2006|French presidency of the European Union]] in 1995. [[Elvis Costello]] recorded "She" for the film ''[[Notting Hill (film)|Notting Hill]]''. One of Aznavour's greatest friends and collaborators from the music industry was Spanish operatic tenor [[Plácido Domingo]], who often performs his hits, most notably a solo studio recording of "{{lang|fr|Les bâteaux sont partis}}" in 1985 and duet versions of the song in French and Spanish in 2008, as well as multiple live renditions of Aznavour's "Ave Maria". In 1994, Aznavour performed with Domingo again and Norwegian [[soprano]] [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]] at Domingo's third annual ''[[Plácido Domingo#Christmas in Vienna|Christmas in Vienna]]'' concert. The three singers performed a variety of carols, medleys and duets, and the concert was televised throughout the world, as well as [[Christmas in Vienna III|released on a CD]] internationally.<ref name=bach-cantatas>{{cite web|author=Aryeh Oron|url=http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Bio/Sissel.htm|title=Sissel Kyrkjebø (Soprano)|publisher=Bach-cantatas.com|date=October 2005|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref>

At the start of autumn 2006, Aznavour initiated his farewell tour, performing in the [[United States]] and Canada, and earning very positive reviews. Aznavour started 2007 with concerts all over Japan and Asia. The second half of 2007 saw Aznavour return to Paris for over 20 shows at the [[Palais des congrès de Paris|Palais des Congrès]] in Paris, followed by more touring in Belgium, the Netherlands, and the rest of France. Aznavour had repeatedly stated that this farewell tour, health permitting, would likely last beyond 2010; after that, however, Charles Aznavour continued performing worldwide throughout the year. At 84, 60 years on stage made him "a little hard of hearing".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.expatica.com/fr/uncategorized/aznavours-long-goodbye-83-and-still-singing-111651/|title=Aznavour's long goodbye – 83 and still singing|publisher=Expatica.com|date=8 October 2007|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> In his final years he would still sing in multiple languages and without persistent use of teleprompters, but typically he would stick to just two or three (French and English being the primary two, with Spanish or Italian being the third) during most concerts.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/18/arts/music/18azna.html?ex=1167368400&en=5b722c96ea2a5172&ei=5070|title=At 82, Charles Aznavour Is Singing a Farewell That Could Last for Years|last=Riding|first=Alan|date=18 September 2006|newspaper=The New York Times|quote=There are some people who grow old and others who just add years. I have added years, but I am not yet old}}</ref> On 30 September 2006, Aznavour performed a major concert in [[Yerevan]], the capital of Armenia, to start off the cultural season "{{lang|fr|Arménie mon amie}}". Then Armenian president [[Robert Kocharyan]] and his French counterpart [[Jacques Chirac]], at the time on an official visit to Armenia, were in front-row attendance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEn/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203075202/http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEn/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|url-status=dead|title=Biographie|archive-date=3 December 2013|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref>

[[File:Charles Aznavour Cannes.jpg|thumb|165px|Aznavour at the 1999 [[Cannes Film Festival]]]]

In 2006, Aznavour recorded his album ''{{lang|fr|Colore ma vie}}'' in Cuba, with [[Chucho Valdés]].<ref>{{cite news | author=François-Xavier Gomez | url=https://next.liberation.fr/musique/2018/10/02/un-tropisme-latino-pour-aznavour_1682505 | title=Un tropisme latino pour Aznavour | newspaper=Libération | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018 | language=fr | archive-date=3 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003133347/https://next.liberation.fr/musique/2018/10/02/un-tropisme-latino-pour-aznavour_1682505 | url-status=dead }}</ref> A regular guest vocalist on ''[[Star Academy]]'', Aznavour sang alongside contestant [[Cyril Cinélu]] that same year.<ref>{{cite web | author=Marie Boscher| url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/hommages-outre-mer-charles-aznavour-mort-94-ans-633416.html | title=Hommages de l'Outre-mer à Charles Aznavour, mort à 94 ans | publisher=France Info | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018 |language=fr}}</ref> In 2007, he sang part of "[[Une vie d'amour]]" in Russian during a Moscow concert.<ref>{{cite news | author=Yan Shenkman| url=https://fr.rbth.com/art/2014/05/22/le_destin_russe_daznavour_29243 | title=Le destin russe d'Aznavour | newspaper=Russia Beyond the Headlines | date=22 May 2014 | access-date=2 October 2018 |language=fr}}</ref> Later, in July 2007, Aznavour was invited to perform at the [[Vieilles Charrues Festival]].<ref>{{cite news | author=Anaelle Berre | url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/people/charles-aznavour/charles-aznavour-un-rappel-exceptionnel-aux-vieilles-charrues-2007-5996134 | title=Charles Aznavour. Un rappel exceptionnel aux Vieilles Charrues 2007 | newspaper=Ouest-France | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref>

''[[Forever Cool]]'' (2007), an album from Capitol/EMI, features Aznavour singing a new duet of "[[Everybody Loves Somebody|Everybody Loves Somebody Sometime]]" with the voice of [[Dean Martin]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.giornaledibrescia.it/italia-ed-estero/la-francia-dice-addio-a-charles-aznavour-1.3304611 | title=La Francia dice addio a Charles Aznavour | newspaper=Giornale di Brescia | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018|language=it}}</ref>

Aznavour finished a tour of Portugal in February 2008.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://visao.sapo.pt/actualidade/cultura/2018-10-01-Morreu-cantor-e-compositor-Charles-Aznavour | title=Morreu cantor e compositor Charles Aznavour | magazine=Visão | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018|language=pt}}</ref> Throughout the spring of 2008, Aznavour toured South America, holding a multitude of concerts in [[Argentina]], Brazil, [[Chile]] and [[Uruguay]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/magazine/2008/05/06/303093/aznavour-llega-a-chile-con-su-ultimo-disco-recien-editado-en-espanol.html | title=Aznavour llega a Chile con su último disco recién editado en español | newspaper=El Mercurio | date=6 May 2008 | access-date=2 October 2018|language=es}}</ref>

An admirer of [[Quebec]], where he played in [[Montreal]] cabarets before becoming famous, he helped the career of Québécoise singer-lyricist [[Lynda Lemay]] in France, and had a house in Montreal. On 5 July 2008, he was invested as an honorary officer of the [[Order of Canada#Honorary officer|Order of Canada]]. He performed the following day on the [[Plains of Abraham]] as a feature of the [[Quebec City Summer Festival|celebration]] of the 400th anniversary of the founding of [[Quebec City]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Andy Blatchford |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080705.waznavour0705/BNStory/Entertainment/home |title=Aznavour receives Order of Canada honours in Quebec |publisher=globeandmail.com |access-date=1 May 2011 |url-status=dead |location=Toronto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116025859/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080705.waznavour0705/BNStory/Entertainment/home |archive-date=16 January 2009 }}</ref>

In 2008, an album of duets, ''Duos'', was released. It is a collaborative effort featuring Aznavour and his greatest friends and partners from his long career in the music industry, including [[Céline Dion]], [[Sting (musician)|Sting]], [[Laura Pausini]], [[Josh Groban]], [[Paul Anka]], Plácido Domingo and many others.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jason Birchmeier|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/duos-mw0000805903|title=Charles Aznavour – Duos|website=AllMusic}}</ref> It was released on various dates in December 2008 across the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voir.ca/blogs/manuel_champagne/archive/2008/10/22/charles-aznavour-se-paie-la-171-totale-187-dans-son-nouvel-album.aspx|title=Charles Aznavour se paie "la totale" dans son nouvel album|trans-title=Charles Aznavour pays himself "it all" in his new album|publisher=Voir.ca|date=22 October 2008|access-date=1 May 2011|language=fr|archive-date=14 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614072133/http://www.voir.ca/blogs/manuel_champagne/archive/2008/10/22/charles-aznavour-se-paie-la-171-totale-187-dans-son-nouvel-album.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> His next album, ''Charles Aznavour and The Clayton Hamilton Jazz Orchestra'' (previously known as ''Jazznavour 2''), is a continuation in the same vein as his hit album ''Jazznavour'' released in 1998, involving new arrangements on his classic songs with a jazz orchestra and other guest jazz artists. It was released on 27 November 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Charles Aznavour|url=http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/chanson/charles-aznavour/biography|publisher=RFI Music|access-date=14 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415230151/http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/chanson/charles-aznavour/biography|archive-date=15 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:2014.06.23. Charles Aznavour Fot Mariusz Kubik 01.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Aznavour in 2014]]

Aznavour and [[Senegal|Senegalese]] singer [[Youssou N'Dour]], with the collaboration of over 40 French singers and musicians, recorded a music video with the music group [[Band Aid (band)|Band Aid]] in the aftermath of the [[Disaster|catastrophic]] [[2010 Haiti earthquake]], titled ''{{lang|fr|1 geste pour Haïti chérie}}''.<ref>{{cite news|agency=AFP|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gQCv5Op1eurkYtoZz7S_ba5vpMkg|title=French music stars mobilise for Haiti|date=15 January 2010|access-date=1 May 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123021824/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gQCv5Op1eurkYtoZz7S_ba5vpMkg|archive-date=23 January 2010}}</ref>

In 2009, Aznavour also toured across America. The tour, named ''{{lang|fr|Aznavour en liberté}}'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://patwhite.com/node/5598|title=Aznavour en Liberté|publisher=Patwhite.com|date=23 April 2009|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> started in late April 2009 with a wave of concerts across the United States and Canada, took him across Latin America in the autumn, as well as the USA once again. In August 2011 Aznavour released a new album, ''{{lang|fr|Aznavour Toujours}}'', featuring 11 new songs, and ''{{lang|fr|Elle}}'', a French re-working of his greatest international hit, "[[She (Charles Aznavour song)|She]]". Following the release of ''{{lang|fr|Aznavour Toujours}}'', then 87-year-old Aznavour began a tour across France and Europe, named ''{{lang|fr|Charles Aznavour en Toute Intimité}}'', which started with 21 concerts in the Olympia theatre in Paris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.songkick.com/artists/302900-charles-aznavour/calendar?page=1|title=Charles Aznavour upcoming concerts|publisher=Songkick.com|date=9 January 2011|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> On 12 December 2011, he gave a concert in Moscow [[State Kremlin Palace]] that attracted a capacity crowd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/12/13/62116389.html|title=Charles Aznavour wows Moscow|date=13 December 2011|work=[[The Voice of Russia]]|access-date=20 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108165851/http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/12/13/62116389.html|archive-date=8 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The concert was followed by a standing ovation which continued for about fifteen minutes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.am/eng/news/85654.html|title=Moscow impressed by Charles Aznavour (VIDEO)|publisher=News.am|date=13 December 2011|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref>

In 2012, Aznavour embarked on a new North American leg of his ''{{lang|fr|En toute intimité}}'' tour, visiting [[Quebec (Province)|Quebec]] and the [[Gibson Amphitheatre]] in [[Los Angeles]], the third-largest such venue in [[California]], for multiple shows. However, the shows in [[New York (state)|New York]] were cancelled following a contract dispute.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/24/charles-aznavour-cancels-new-york-shows-in-contract-dispute/?_r=0|newspaper=The New York Times|first=Jennifer|last=Schuessler|title=Charles Aznavour Cancels New York Shows in Contract Dispute|date=24 April 2012}}</ref> On 16 August 2012, Aznavour performed in his father's birthplace, [[Akhaltsikhe]], in Georgia in a special concert as part of the opening ceremony of the recently restored Rabati castle.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/690552/|title=The star of Charles Aznavour was placed in Akhaltsikhe|work=[[Armenpress]]|date=17 August 2012|access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

On 25 October 2013, Aznavour performed in [[London]] for the first time in 25 years at the [[Royal Albert Hall]]; demand was so high that a second concert at the Royal Albert Hall was scheduled for June 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalalberthall.com/tickets/charles-aznavour/default.aspx|title=Charles Aznavour — Royal Albert Hall|publisher=Royalalberthall.com|date=3 November 2015|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> In November 2013, Aznavour appeared with [[Achinoam Nini]] (Noa) in a concert, dedicated to peace, at the Nokia Arena in [[Tel Aviv]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Noa and Charles Aznavour – She|url=http://www.noasmusic.com/noa-charles-aznavour-she/|website=Achinoam Nini's Official Website|date=29 September 2014}}</ref> The audience, including Israeli president [[Shimon Peres]] (Peres and Aznavour had a meeting prior to the performance), sang along.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fay|first=Greer|url=http://www.jpost.com/Arts-and-Culture/Music/Peres-among-Israeli-fans-attending-Aznavour-concert-332878|title=Peres among Israeli fans attending Aznavour concert - Arts & Culture - Jerusalem Post|publisher=Jpost.com|date=24 November 2013|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> In December 2013, Aznavour gave two concerts in the Netherlands at the [[Heineken Music Hall]] in [[Amsterdam]], and again in January 2016 (originally scheduled for November 2015, but postponed due to him suffering a brief bout of [[stomach flu]]).<ref>{{cite news |last=Brulin |first=Gael |date=26 November 2015 |title=Charles Aznavour : des concerts aux Pays-Bas reportés pour raisons de santé |url=https://www.24matins.fr/charles-aznavour-nassurera-pas-ses-concerts-aux-pays-bas-pour-raisons-de-sante-253961 |work=24matins |language=French |access-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204082136/https://www.24matins.fr/charles-aznavour-nassurera-pas-ses-concerts-aux-pays-bas-pour-raisons-de-sante-253961 |archive-date=4 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Leprovost |first=Pierre-Maxime |date=22 December 2016 |title=En plein concert au Palais des Sports, Charles Aznavour se moque de Michel Polnareff [Photos] |url=https://www.telestar.fr/culture/en-plein-concert-au-palais-des-sports-charles-aznavour-se-moque-de-michel-polnareff-photos-256860 |work=Télé Star |language=French |access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

Aznavour continued his international tour performing in many cities around the world between 2014 and 2018. On 19 September 2018, what was to be his last concert took place in the NHK Hall of Osaka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.setlist.fm/search?query=artist:(Charles+Aznavour)+date:%5B2018-01-01+TO+2018-12-31%5D|title=Search for setlists: artist:(Charles Aznavour) date:[2018-01-01 TO 2018-12-31]|website=Setlist.fm|access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref>

===Film appearances===
''See: [[#Filmography|Filmography]]''

Aznavour also had a long and varied parallel career as an actor, appearing in over 80 films and TV movies. In 1960, Aznavour starred in [[François Truffaut]]'s ''[[Shoot the Piano Player|Tirez sur le pianiste]]'', playing a character called Édouard Saroyan, a café pianist. He also put in a critically acclaimed performance in the 1974 movie ''[[And Then There Were None (1974 film)|And Then There Were None]]''. Aznavour had an important supporting role in 1979's ''[[The Tin Drum (film)|The Tin Drum]]'', winner of the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]] in 1980. He co-starred in [[Claude Chabrol]]'s [[Les Fantômes du chapelier]] from 1982. In the 1984 version of ''[[Die Fledermaus]]'', he appears and performs as one of Prince Orlovsky's guests. This version stars [[Kiri Te Kanawa]] and was directed by Plácido Domingo in the Royal Opera House at [[Covent Garden]].<ref>{{cite web|last=IMDB|title=Die Fledermaus|website=[[IMDb]]|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0263346/}}</ref> Aznavour starred in the 2002 movie ''[[Ararat (film)|Ararat]]'', reprising his role of Edward (Édouard) Saroyan.<ref>{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Kevin |date=15 November 2002 |title=Genocide haunts and connects them |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-nov-15-et-ararat15-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref>

==Politics and activism==
===Civil rights===
Aznavour was well known for being a lifelong and active supporter of civil rights, fighting for equality among all races, religions and nationalities as he stated in many of his interviews during his lifetime. He was an early supporter of [[LGBT rights by country or territory|LGBT rights]]. His 1972 album, ''Idiote je t'aime...'', contained among others, one of his classics, "Comme ils disent" ("As They Say", the English version of which is titled "What Makes a Man"). The song was revolutionary at a time when talking about homosexuality was a taboo. In a later interview, Charles said "It's a kind of sickness I have, talking about things you're not supposed to talk about. I started with homosexuality and I wanted to break every taboo."<ref>{{cite news|author=Angelique Chrisafis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/jun/19/charles-aznavour-i-wanted-to-break-every-taboo|title=Charles Aznavour: 'I wanted to break every taboo'|newspaper=The Guardian|date=21 June 2015}}</ref>

=== Armenian activism ===
[[File:Charles Aznavour Museum, ArmAg.JPG|thumbnail|[[Charles Aznavour Museum]] in Yerevan]]
Following the [[1988 Armenian earthquake]], Aznavour helped the country through his charity, Aznavour for Armenia. Together with his brother in-law and co-author [[Georges Garvarentz]] he wrote the song "[[Pour toi Arménie]]", which was performed by a group of famous French artists and topped the charts for eighteen weeks. There are squares named after him with his statues [[Charles Aznavour Square, Yerevan|in central Yerevan]] on [[Abovyan Street]], and [[Charles Aznavour Square, Gyumri|in northern part of Gyumri]], which saw the most lives lost in the earthquake. In 1995 Aznavour was appointed an Ambassador and Permanent Delegate of Armenia to [[UNESCO]]. Aznavour was a member of the [[Armenia Fund]] International Board of Trustees. The organization has rendered more than $150 million in humanitarian aid and infrastructure development assistance to Armenia since 1992. He was appointed as "Officier" (Officer) of the [[Légion d'honneur]] in 1997.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://en.rfi.fr/20181001-charles-aznavour-dies-aged-94/ | title=Charles Aznavour dies, aged 94 | publisher=Radio France Internationale | date=1 October 2018 | author=Cross, Tony}}</ref>

In 2002, Aznavour appeared in director [[Atom Egoyan|Atom Egoyan's]] film ''[[Ararat (film)|Ararat]]'', about the [[Armenian genocide|genocide of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire]] in the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bernstein |first1=Adam |title=Charles Aznavour, daring and adored French singer and composer, dies at 94 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/local/obituaries/charles-aznavour-daring-and-adored-french-singer-and-composer-dies-at-94/2018/10/01/bf080f3e-c577-11e8-b1ed-1d2d65b86d0c_story.html&freshcontent=1 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref>

In 2004, Aznavour received the title of [[National Hero of Armenia]], Armenia's highest award. In 2005, he received the Ziad Karim's award. On 26 December 2008, President of Armenia [[Serzh Sargsyan]] signed a presidential decree for granting citizenship of Armenia to Aznavour whom he called a "prominent singer and public figure" and "a hero of the Armenian people".<ref name="Itzkoff" /><ref>{{cite news|title=French crooner Charles Aznavour granted Armenian citizenship|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20081227-french-crooner-charles-aznavour-granted-armenian-citizenship-/|agency=[[France 24]]|date=27 December 2008}}</ref>

In 2011, the [[Charles Aznavour Museum]] opened in Yerevan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Charles Aznavour's house museum ceremonially opens |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/665332.html |work=Armenpress |date=7 October 2011 |access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

In April 2016, Aznavour visited Armenia to participate in the [[Aurora Prize]] Award ceremony. On 24 April, along with [[Serzh Sargsyan]], the Catholicos of All Armenians, [[Garegin II]] and actor [[George Clooney]], he laid flowers at the [[Armenian Genocide Memorial]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armradio.am/en/2016/04/21/charles-aznavour-arrives-in-armenia-3/|title=Charles Aznavour arrives in Armenia|date=21 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/210947/|title=President, Aznavour, Clooney visit Genocide memorial|website=PanArmenian.net|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref>

In October 2016, Aznavour joined other prominent Armenians on calling the government of Armenia to adopt "new development strategies based on inclusiveness and collective action" and to create "an opportunity for the Armenian world to pivot toward a future of prosperity, to transform the post-Soviet Armenian Republic into a vibrant, modern, secure, peaceful and progressive homeland for a global nation."<ref>{{cite news |title='Global Armenians' Ad in NY Times Calls For 'Inclusive Leadership' in Armenia |url=http://asbarez.com/156506/global-armenians-ad-in-ny-times-calls-for-inclusive-leadership-in-armenia/ |work=[[Asbarez]] |date=October 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200803111610/http://asbarez.com/156506/global-armenians-ad-in-ny-times-calls-for-inclusive-leadership-in-armenia/ |archive-date=3 August 2020}}; text also available at {{cite web |title=The Future for All Armenians Is Now |url=https://auroraprize.com/en/news/detail/10454/future-for-global-armenians-is-now |website=auroraprize.com |publisher=[[Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200803111725/https://auroraprize.com/en/news/detail/10454/future-for-global-armenians-is-now |archive-date=3 August 2020}}</ref>

Along with holding the mostly ceremonial title of French [[ambassador-at-large]] to Armenia, Aznavour agreed to hold the position of Ambassador of Armenia to Switzerland on 12 February 2009:

<blockquote>First I hesitated, as it is not an easy task. Then I thought that what is important for Armenia is important for us. I have accepted the proposal with love, happiness and feeling of deep dignity<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panorama.am/en/politics/2009/02/13/posol/|title=Charles Aznavour Ambassador of Armenia to Switzerland|publisher=Panorama.am|date=13 February 2009|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref></blockquote>He wrote a song about the [[Armenian genocide]], entitled "[[Ils sont tombés]]" (known in English as "They fell").<ref>{{cite news|author=Nora Koloyan-Keuhnelian|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/33/312664/Arts--Culture/Music/Adieu-Aznavour.aspx|title=Adieu Aznavour|newspaper=[[Al-Ahram]]|date=2 October 2018|access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

Charles Aznavour and his son Nicolas Aznavour created Aznavour Foundation which aims to continue the educational, cultural and social projects started by the artist, as well as to preserve and promote the cultural and humanitarian heritage of Charles Aznavour who fought against any discrimination through his art and his global actions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.aznavourfoundation.org/aznavour-foundation-about-foundation-w1.html |title=About foundation |publisher=Aznavourfoundation.org |access-date=2021-07-14 |quote=The Aznavour Foundation, created by Charles Aznavour and his son Nicolas Aznavour aims at continuing the development and implementation of educational, cultural and social projects started by the legendary artist. |archive-date=14 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714090133/https://en.aznavourfoundation.org/aznavour-foundation-about-foundation-w1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Political involvement ===
{{quote box
| width = 22%
| align = right
| quote = Though he is considered the embodiment of Frenchness, Charles Aznavour is in fact a proud Armenian without a corpuscle of French blood in his body.
| source =  —[[Herbert Kretzmer]], Aznavour's long-time English lyric writer, 2014<ref>{{cite book|last=Kretzmer|first=Herbert|author-link1=Herbert Kretzmer|title=Snapshots: Encounters with Twentieth-Century Legends|chapter=Charles Aznavour - Troubadour|date=2014|publisher=[[Biteback Publishing]]}}</ref>}}

Aznavour was increasingly involved in French, Armenian and international politics as his career progressed. During the [[2002 French presidential election]]s, when far-right nationalist [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]] of the [[National Front (France)|National Front]] made it into the runoff election, facing incumbent [[Jacques Chirac]], Aznavour signed the "Vive la France" petition, and called on all French to "sing the [[La Marseillaise|Marseillaise]]" in protest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEN/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|title=Biography – Charles Aznavour|publisher=Rfimusique.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110416155211/http://www.rfimusique.com/siteen/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|archive-date=16 April 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> Chirac, a personal friend of Aznavour's,<ref>{{cite news |last=Liabot |first=Thomas |date=1 October 2018 |title=Charles Aznavour, l'homme des présidents |url=https://www.lejdd.fr/Culture/charles-aznavour-lhomme-des-presidents-3768698 |work=[[Le Journal du Dimanche]] |access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref> ended up winning in a landslide, carrying over 82% of the vote.<ref>{{cite news |last=Henley |first=Jon |date=6 May 2002 |title=Le Pen defeated but defiant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/may/06/france.thefarright2 |work=The Guardian |language=French |access-date=1 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020151337/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/may/06/france.thefarright2 |archive-date=20 October 2018}}</ref>

He frequently campaigned for international [[History of copyright law|copyright law reform]]. In November 2005 he met with then [[President of the European Commission]] [[José Manuel Barroso]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_views/view017.html|title=Charles Aznavour meets EC President José Manuel Barroso|date=1 September 2005|publisher=Ifpi.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615135028/http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_views/view017.html|archive-date=15 June 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> on the issue of the review of term of protection for performers and producers in the EU, advocating an extension of the EU's term of protection from the current 50 years to the United States' law allowing 95 years, saying "[o]n term of protection, artists and record companies are of the same mind. Extension of term of protection would be good for European culture, positive for the European economy and would put an end the current discrimination with the U.S." He also notably butted heads with French politician [[Christine Boutin]] over her defense of a "global license" flat-fee authorization for sharing of copyrighted files over the internet, claiming that the license would eliminate creativity. In May 2009, the French [[Senate of France|Senate]] approved one of the strictest [[Copyright law of France|internet anti-piracy bills]] ever with a landslide 189–14 vote. Aznavour was a vocal proponent of the measure and considered it a rousing victory:

<blockquote>If the youth can't make a living through creative work, they will do something else and the artistic world will be dealt a blow ... There will be no more songs, no more books, nothing at all. So we had to fight<ref>{{cite news|title=French bill to combat Internet piracy clears final hurdle|url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-technology/french-bill-to-combat-internet-piracy-clears-final-hurdle-20090513-b3bs.html|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=13 May 2009}}</ref>
</blockquote>

== Legacy ==

When [[Bob Dylan]] was asked who some of his favorite musicians are, he stated, "I like Charles Aznavour a lot. I saw him in sixty-something at [[Carnegie Hall]], and he just blew my brains out."<ref>''[[Rolling Stone]]'', 1987 (precise issue and date unknown)</ref>

[[Sting (musician)|Sting]] has stated that "To me he [Aznavour] is an icon. Not only as a singer, but as an actor, as a personality, as a master of 'chanson'."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03yfR1jaq6A |title=Sting Discusses DUETS - L'Amour C'est Comme Un Jour with Charles Aznavour |author=Sting |author-link=Sting (musician) |date=2 March 2021 |website=YouTube |access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref>

Aznavour was also highly regarded by [[Frank Sinatra]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Viscusi |first=Gregory |date=4 October 2018 |title=Charles Aznavour, a French singer compared to Sinatra, dies at 94 |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/obituaries/2018/10/04/Charles-Aznavour-a-French-singer-compared-to-Sinatra-dies-at-94/stories/201810040222 |work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |access-date=4 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803054317/https://www.post-gazette.com/news/obituaries/2018/10/04/Charles-Aznavour-a-French-singer-compared-to-Sinatra-dies-at-94/stories/201810040222 |archive-date=3 August 2021}}</ref> [[Celine Dion]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Kocharyan |first=Stepan |date=2 October 2018 |title='Monsieur Charles, you will always remain For me Formidable' – Celine Dion's touching words on Aznavour's death |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/949305.html |work=Armenpress |access-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002081736/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/949305.html |archive-date=2 October 2018}}</ref> [[Edith Piaf]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Leigh |first=Spencer |date=3 October 2018 |title=Charles Aznavour: French singer championed by Edith Piaf who never forgot his Armenian roots |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/charles-aznavour-dead-french-singer-frank-sinatra-edith-piaf-armenian-a8564646.html |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=3 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005203507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/charles-aznavour-dead-french-singer-frank-sinatra-edith-piaf-armenian-a8564646.html |archive-date=5 October 2018}}</ref> and [[Liza Minnelli]], with whom he performed and recorded. Minnelli has said of the singer, "He changed my entire life."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Liza Minnelli, the one and only|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/liza-minnelli-the-one-and-only/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Cbsnews.com|date=16 January 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In August 2017, at age 93, he was awarded a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/25/french-singer-charles-aznavour-gets-hollywood-star-age-93/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/25/french-singer-charles-aznavour-gets-hollywood-star-age-93/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=French singer Charles Aznavour gets Hollywood star at age of 93|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|via=Reuters News|date=25 August 2017|access-date=5 May 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Aznavour has been widely regarded as one of the most famous [[Armenians]] of his time,<ref>{{cite news |last=Mkrtchyan |first=Hasmik |date=2 October 2018 |title=Armenians pay last tribute to beloved singer Aznavour |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-aznavour-armenia/armenians-pay-last-tribute-to-beloved-singer-aznavour-idUSKCN1MC1QX |work=Reuters |access-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002155716/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-aznavour-armenia/armenians-pay-last-tribute-to-beloved-singer-aznavour-idUSKCN1MC1QX |archive-date=2 October 2018}}</ref> and a major pop culture icon of the 20th century.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dupont |first=Veronique |date=25 August 2017 |title=Charles Aznavour, the 'French Frank Sinatra', honoured with Hollywood Walk of Fame star |url=https://www.thelocal.fr/20170825/french-legend-charles-aznavour-dubbed-the-french-frank-sinatra-honoured-with-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star/ |work=[[The Local]] |access-date=6 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206081932/https://www.thelocal.fr/20170825/french-legend-charles-aznavour-dubbed-the-french-frank-sinatra-honoured-with-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star/ |archive-date=6 December 2017}}</ref>

His musicality and fame abroad had a significant impact on many areas of pop culture. Aznavour's name inspired the alias of the character [[Char Aznable]] by [[Yoshiyuki Tomino]] in his 1979 [[mecha anime]] series ''[[Mobile Suit Gundam]]''. Char would become a Japanese pop cultural icon and the most famous character over a decades-long franchise.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbr.com/mobile-suit-gundam-char-aznable-facts-true-fans-know/ |title=Mobile Suit Gundam: 10 Things Only True Fans Know About Char Aznable |last=Ashford |first=Sage |date=31 December 2019 |website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |access-date=31 December 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101141829/https://www.cbr.com/mobile-suit-gundam-char-aznable-facts-true-fans-know/ |archive-date=1 January 2020}}</ref>

Music critic Stephen Holden described Aznavour as a "French pop deity".<ref name="holden-tnyt" />

His song "[[Parce Que Tu Crois]]" was sampled by producer [[Dr. Dre]] for the song "What's the Difference" (featuring [[Eminem]] & [[Xzibit]]), from his album ''[[2001 (Dr. Dre album)|2001]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiser |first=Danny |date=2021-10-25 |title=FRANCE/ARMENIA: La Bohème - Charles Aznavour |url=https://www.200worldalbums.com/post/france-armenia-la-boh%C3%A8me-charles-aznavour |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=200worldalbums.com |language=en}}</ref>



At the [[2022 Winter Olympics]] American figure skater [[Nathan Chen]] performed his team event short program on February 4, 2022, to Aznavour's ''La Boheme''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/nathan-chen-team-event-clean-short-program|title=Nathan Chen makes a statement with commanding short program in Olympic team event | NBC Olympics|website=Nbcolympics.com|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
[[File:Charles aznavour.jpg|thumb|left|Aznavour in the late 2000s]]

Aznavour was married three times: to Micheline Rugel (in 1946),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0002198/bio|title=Biography for Charles Aznavour|publisher=imdb.com|access-date=29 January 2013}}</ref> Evelyn Plessis (in 1956) and his widow, Ulla Thorsell (in 1967). Six children were produced by these marriages: [[Seda Aznavour|Seda]], Charles, Patrick, Katia, Mischa, and Nicolas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monsieur-biographie.com/celebrite/biographie/charles_aznavour-1503.php|title=Biographie de Charles Aznavour|publisher=leParisien.fr|access-date=29 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.femmeactuelle.fr/actu/news-actu/charles-aznavour-qui-sont-ses-six-enfants-2070163|title=Charles Aznavour : qui sont ses six enfants, Seda, Charles, Patrick, Katia, Mischa et Nicolas ?|date=1 October 2018|magazine=[[Femme Actuelle]]|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref>

Aznavour often joked about his physique, the most talked-about aspect of which was his height; he stood {{convert|160|cm|ftin|0|abbr=on}} tall. He made this a source of self-deprecating humour over the years.<ref name="encyclopedia" />

In April 2018, shortly before his 94th birthday, Aznavour was taken to hospital in [[Saint Petersburg]] after straining his back during a rehearsal prior to a concert in the city. The concert was postponed until the following season, but eventually cancelled since he died six months later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asbarez.com/171907/charles-aznavour-hospitalized-in-st-petersburg/|title=Charles Aznavour Hospitalized in St. Petersburg – Asbarez.com|website=asbarez.com|access-date=5 May 2018|date=25 April 2018}}</ref> On 5 May 2018, he was a guest on BBC Radio 2's ''[[Graham Norton#Radio|Graham Norton]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0b196f5|title=With Pam Ayres, Charles Aznavour, plus Rylan Clark-Neal and Scott Mills, Graham Norton – BBC Radio 2|website=BBC|access-date=5 May 2018}}</ref>

A week later, on 12 May, he broke his arm in two places in a fall at his home in the village of [[Mouriès]], resulting in the cancellation of all shows until the end of June. This was eventually extended to include the 18 shows scheduled for August, because of a longer healing process.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywood.com/general/charles-aznavour-cancels-more-appearances-due-to-broken-arm-60724248/|title=Charles Aznavour cancels more appearances due to broken arm|website=hollywood.com|access-date=2 October 2018|date=18 June 2018}}</ref> In a program on French television broadcast on 28 September, only three days before his death, he mentioned that he was still feeling the pain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yO3VdHuop50 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/yO3VdHuop50| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|title=Aznavour: le monument français! – C à Vous – 28/09/2018|website=YouTube|date=28 September 2018|access-date=2 October 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== Death and funeral ==
{{external media|float=right|width=250px|video1=[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ko_wz5Ijn5w&list=LLUIxeJpjyot4tTyNwP2fNfg&t Charles Aznavour's Funeral]}}
On 1 October 2018, Aznavour was found dead in a bathtub at his home at Mouriès at the age of 94.<ref name="francetvinfo">{{cite web|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/emploi/metiers/art-culture-edition/mort-de-charles-aznavour-la-cause-de-la-mort-est-naturelle_2966913.html|title=Mort de Charles Aznavour : "La cause de la mort est naturelle"|website=[[FranceTV]]|date=2 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtl.fr/culture/musique/charles-aznavour-est-decede-a-l-age-de-94-ans-7795003841|title=Charles Aznavour est décédé à l'âge de 94 ans|website=RTL France|date=1 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref><ref name="LD">{{cite web|url=https://www.ledauphine.com/france-monde/2018/10/01/le-chanteur-charles-aznavour-est-decede|title=Le chanteur Charles Aznavour est décédé|newspaper=[[Le Dauphiné libéré]]|date=1 October 2018|access-date=1 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-45709214?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_linkname=news_central&ns_campaign=bbc_breaking|title=Singer Charles Aznavour dies at 94|website=[[BBC News (TV Channel)|BBC News]]|date=1 October 2018|access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/01/obituaries/charles-aznavour-dead.html|title=Charles Aznavour, Enduring French Singer of Global Fame, Dies at 94|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1 October 2018|access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref> At the time of his death his tax residence was in [[Saint-Sulpice, Vaud]], Switzerland.<ref>{{cite news|author=Marion Moussadek|url=http://www.lematin.ch/people/aznavour-j-pousse-vivre-suisse/story/27633469|title=Aznavour: "J'ai été poussé à vivre en Suisse"|newspaper=[[Le Matin (Switzerland)|Le Matin]]|date=12 November 2013|access-date=13 November 2013|language=fr}}</ref> The autopsy report concluded that Aznavour died of [[cardiorespiratory arrest]] complicated by an acute [[pulmonary edema]].<ref name="francetvinfo"/> A requiem mass for him was held on 6 October by Catholicos [[Karekin II]] at the [[Armenian Cathedral of St. John the Baptist]] in Paris.<ref>{{cite news|title=PM Pashinyan attends requiem ceremony offered for Charles Aznavour at St. John the Baptist Church in Paris|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/949966.html|work=Armenpress|date=6 October 2018}}</ref>

On 5 October, Aznavour was honoured with a [[state funeral]] at [[Les Invalides]] in Paris. The president [[Emmanuel Macron]] delivered a [[eulogy]] describing Aznavour as one of the most important "faces of France", and his lyrics as, "for millions of people a balm, a remedy, a comfort ... For so many decades, he has made our life sweeter, our tears less bitter." His coffin was carried out as his song, "Emmenez-Moi" (Take Me Along), played.<ref>{{cite news|author=Angelique Chrisafis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/05/in-france-poets-never-die-france-pays-homage-to-aznavour-funeral|title='In France, poets never die': Macron pays tribute to Aznavour 'Son of immigrants' likened to Apollinaire and praised for his cultural contribution to France|newspaper=The Guardian|date=5 October 2018|access-date=14 October 2018}}</ref> Dignitaries attending the funeral also included [[French Prime Minister]] [[Édouard Philippe]], former presidents [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] and [[François Hollande]], as well as [[Armenian President]] [[Armen Sarkissian]] and Prime Minister [[Nikol Pashinyan]] and their wives.<ref>{{cite news|author=Brian Love|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-aznavour/france-bids-adieu-to-aznavour-pays-tribute-to-armenian-roots-idUSKCN1MF0YY|title=France bids adieu to Aznavour, pays tribute to Armenian roots|website=[[Reuters]]|date=5 October 2018|access-date=14 October 2018}}</ref>

He is interred in the family crypt at the [[Montfort-l'Amaury]] cemetery.<ref>[https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/medias-people/du-monde-a-montfort-l-amaury-pour-se-recueillir-sur-la-tombe-de-charles-aznavour-1541236036 Du monde à Montfort l'Amaury pour se recueillir sur la tombe de Charles Aznavour], [[France Bleu]] (in French). 3 November 2018.</ref>

==Awards and recognition==
[[File:Charles Aznavour Gyumri statue 2.jpg|thumb|300px|Statue of Aznavour in [[Gyumri]], Armenia]]

===Decorations===
* [[File:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|40px]] Knight of the French [[Legion of Honour]]: 1989
* [[File:Legion Honneur Officier ribbon.svg|40px]] Officer of the French [[Legion of Honour]]: 1997<ref>{{cite web |date=2 January 2004 |title=France/Légion d'honneur : la promotion du Nouvel An ŕ de nombreuses personnalités de divers milieux |url=http://french.peopledaily.com.cn/french/200401/02/fra20040102_64742.html |access-date=18 August 2015 |publisher=French.peopledaily.com.cn |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[File:Legion Honneur Commandeur ribbon.svg|40px]] Commandeur of the French [[Legion of Honour]]: 2003<ref>{{Cite news |title=Aznavour commandeur de la Légion d'honneur |language=fr |work=O |url=https://o.nouvelobs.com/people/20040514.OBS9273/aznavour-commandeur-de-la-legion-d-honneur.html |access-date=20 January 2018}}</ref>
* [[File:Ordre national du Merite Officier ribbon.svg|40px]] Officer in the [[Ordre national du Mérite|French Order of Merit]]: 1986
* [[File:Ordre national du Merite Commandeur ribbon.svg|40px]] Commandeur in the [[Ordre national du Mérite|French Order of Merit]]: 2000
* [[File:Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Commandeur ribbon.svg|40px]] Commandeur de l'[[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]]: 1997
* [[File:National Hero of Armenia ribbon.png|40px]] [[National Hero of Armenia]]: 2004<ref>{{cite web |date=28 May 2004 |title=Charles Aznavour and Kirk Kerkorian National Heroes of Armenia |url=http://www.panarmenian.net/news/eng/?nid=10630 |access-date=1 May 2011 |publisher=Panarmenian.net}}</ref>
* [[File:BEL Order of Leopold II - Officer BAR.png|40px]] Officer in the Belgian [[Order of Leopold II]]: 2004<ref>{{cite news |date=1 October 2018 |title=Les liens particuliers de Charles Aznavour avec la Belgique |language=fr |newspaper=La Libre |url=http://www.lalibre.be/culture/musique/les-liens-particuliers-de-charles-aznavour-avec-la-belgique-5bb24b45cd70a16d81296362 |access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[File:BEL Kroonorde Commandeur BAR.svg|40px]] Commandeur in the Belgian [[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Order of the Crown]]: 2015<ref>{{cite web |date=16 November 2015 |title=Charles Aznavour fait commandeur de l'Ordre de la couronne |url=https://www.rtbf.be/culture/musique/detail_charles-aznavour-fait-commandeur-de-l-ordre-de-la-couronne?id=9137952 |website=[[RTBF]] |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[File:CAN Order of Canada Officer ribbon.svg|40px]] Officer in the [[Order of Canada]]: 2008<ref name="The Canadian Press">{{cite web |date=31 March 2009 |title=Aznavour receives Order of Canada honours in Quebec - The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/article695422.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903182059/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/article695422.ece |archive-date=3 September 2009 |access-date=18 August 2015 |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]}}</ref>
* [[File:Barrette Ordre national du Québec - Officier.svg|40px]] Officer in the [[National Order of Quebec]]: 2009<ref>{{cite web |title=Citation |url=http://www.ordre-national.gouv.qc.ca/membres/membre.asp?id=2558 |work=National Order of Quebec}}</ref>
* [[File:JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 4Class BAR.svg|40px]] Japanese [[Order of the Rising Sun]]: 2018

===Honours===
* [[Medal of the City of Paris]]: 1969
* Grand Medal of the [[French Academy]]: 1995<ref>{{cite web |date=1 October 2018 |title=5 dates clés dans la carrière de Charles Aznavour |url=http://www.nostalgie.fr/artistes/charles-aznavour/actualites/5-dates-cles-dans-la-carriere-de-charles-aznavour-344036 |access-date=2 October 2018 |publisher=Nostalgie |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[Armenian nationality law|Citizenship]] of Armenia<ref name="Itzkoff" />
* [[Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal]]: 2012
* Raoul Wallenberg Medal: 2017<ref name="Wallenberg Medal" />

=== Awards ===
* Best Actor Award from the French Cinema Academy for his role in ''La Tête contre les murs'' by [[Georges Franju]]: 1959
* [[Edison Award]]s (three-time award winner): 1963, 1971 and 1980<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Lumley|editor1-first=Elizabeth|title=Canadian Who's Who 2009|date=2009|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|isbn=978-0802040923|page=50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X4cOAQAAMAAJ}}</ref>
* First Prize for French Song in Japan for La Mamma: 1964
* American Society of Songwriters Award: 1969
* [[Golden Lion]] Honorary Award at the [[Venice Film Festival]] for the Italian version of the song ''Mourir d'aimer'': 1971<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/musique/videos-mourir-d-aimer-charles-aznavour-contre-le-conservatisme-des-annees-1970_1699181.html | title=Mourir d'aimer: Charles Aznavour contre le conservatisme des années 1970 | magazine=L'Express | date=19 July 2015 | access-date=2 October 2018 | author=Colonna-Césari, Annick}}</ref>
* Bernard-Lecache award
* Ambassador of Goodwill and Permanent Delegate of Armenia to [[UNESCO]]: 1995<ref>{{cite web |url=http://erc.unesco.org/cp/cp.asp?country=am&language=e |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031011174649/http://erc.unesco.org/cp/cp.asp?country=AM&language=E |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 October 2003 |title=Delegation of Armenia to UNESCO |publisher=Erc.unesco.org |access-date=1 May 2011 }}</ref>
* Induction into the [[Songwriters Hall of Fame]]: 1996<ref>{{cite web | author=Gregory Viscusi| url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-01/charles-aznavour-french-singer-compared-to-sinatra-dies-at-94 | title=Charles Aznavour, French Singer Compared to Sinatra, Dies at 94 | publisher=Bloomberg | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018 }}</ref>
* French [[Victoires de la Musique|Victoire]] award for Male Artist of the Year: 1997<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/les-grandes-dates-de-la-vie-de-charles-aznavour-01-10-2018-2259278_3.php | title=Les grandes dates de la vie de Charles Aznavour | magazine=Le Point | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* Honorary [[César Award]]: 1997<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/french-singer-actor-charles-aznavour-dies-at-age-94/ | title=French singer, actor Charles Aznavour dies at age 94 | publisher=CBS | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[MIDEM]] Lifetime Achievement Award: 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panarmenian.net/news/eng/?nid=28195 |title=Aznavour to receive MIDEM award, PanArmenian.net, 15.01.2009 |publisher=Panarmenian.net |date=15 January 2009 |access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref>
* [[Grigor Lusavorich]] award of [[Nagorno-Karabakh Republic]]: 2009<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.regnum.ru/news/fd-abroad/armenia/1164595.html |title=Именем Шарля Азнавура в Степанакерте назван культурный центр, Regnum, 2009 |publisher=Regnum.ru |date=18 May 2009 |access-date=1 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308225932/http://www.regnum.ru/news/fd-abroad/armenia/1164595.html |archive-date=8 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Honorary Doctorate from the [[University of Montreal]]: 2009<ref>{{cite news | url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/charles-aznavour-who-had-lifelong-love-affair-with-quebec-has-died | title=Charles Aznavour, who had lifelong love affair with Quebec, has died | newspaper=Montreal Gazette | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* Honorary order from Russia "For contributing to strengthening cultural relations between Russia and France": 2010<ref>{{cite web |title=Charles Aznavour to Receive Special Recognition from Russia |url=https://russkiymir.ru/en/news/123241/ |website=russkiymir.ru |access-date=20 May 2024 |date=24 August 2010}}</ref>
* Special Prize named after [[Rouben Mamoulian]] of the "Hayak" National Film Awards in Armenia for "his great contribution to world cinema": 2014<ref>{{cite news|title=The French-Armenian legendary singer Charles Aznavour was awarded with the special prize named after Ruben Mamulyan during|url=http://armenpress.am/eng/news/761674/charles-aznavour-is-awarded-with-special-prize-named-after-ruben-mamulyan-at-%E2%80%9Chayak%E2%80%9D.html|access-date=8 June 2014|work=Armenpress|date=13 May 2014}}</ref>
* Honorary Award at the [[NRJ Music Award]]s: 2015
* Star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] for Live Performance, located at 6225 [[Hollywood Boulevard]]: 2016<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/people-charlesaznavour-idUSL4N1CY1ZN|title=French crooner Charles Aznavour gets honorary Hollywood Star plaque|date=29 October 2016|website=Reuters}}</ref>

===Statues and busts===
* At Carrefour de l'Odéon in [[Paris]], a bust of Aznavour was unveiled in 2021, in the neighborhood where Aznavour grew up.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://parissecret.com/un-buste-de-bronze-de-charles-aznavour-inaugure-a-paris-en-sa-memoire-2021/ | title=Un buste de bronze de Charles Aznavour inauguré ce week-end à Paris en sa mémoire ! | date=24 May 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.arts-in-the-city.com/2021/05/26/un-buste-en-bronze-de-charles-aznavour-inaugure-a-paris/ | title=Un buste en bronze de Charles Aznavour inauguré à Paris - Arts in the City | date=26 May 2021 }}</ref>
* In [[Gyumri]], Armenia there is a statue of Aznavour in a square named after him
* In [[Artsakh Republic]], a monument-bust of Aznavour was built in front of the Charles Aznavour Culture Center in Stepanakert in 2021<ref>{{cite web | url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1053101/ | title=Bust of Charles Aznavour inaugurated in Stepanakert, Artsakh }}</ref> to mark Aznavour's 100th birthday.<ref>https://factor.am/746244.html</ref> [[Azerbaijan]] destroyed it after invading in September, 2023.<ref>https://factor.am/746244.html</ref>
* In [[Varna, Bulgaria]] a seated statue of Aznavour was unveiled in 2022<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.armradio.am/2022/06/01/charles-aznavour-monument-unveiled-in-varna-bulgaria/ | title=Charles Aznavour monument unveiled in Varna, Bulgaria }}</ref>

===Other===
* Armenia minted a gold ֏10,000 face value collector coin in 2024 dedicated to the one hundredth anniversary of Aznavour's birth<ref>https://en.armradio.am/2024/05/20/armenia-puts-into-circulation-gold-collector-coin-dedicated-to-charles-aznavours-100th-birth-anniversary/</ref>.

==Bibliography==
*''Aznavour par Aznavour'', Paris, Fayard, 1970, 311 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-7020-0214-8}}).
*''Des mots à l'affiche'', Paris, Le Cherche-midi, 1991, 153 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-86274-210-6}}).
*''Mes chansons préférées'', (co-authored with Daniel Sciora), Christian Pirot, 2000
*''Le Temps des avants'', Paris, Flammarion, 2003, 354 p. ({{ISBN|2-08-068536-8}}).
*''Images de ma vie'' (photo book), Flammarion, 2005
*''Mon père, ce géant'', Paris, Flammarion, 2007, 152 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-08-120974-9}} et 2-08-120974-8)
*''À voix basse'', Paris, Don Quichotte, 2009, 225 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-35949-001-5}}).
*''D'une porte l'autre'', Paris, Éditions Don Quichotte, 2011, 163 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-35949-044-2}})
*''En haut de l'affiche'', Paris, Flammarion, 2011, 150 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-08-125710-8}})
*''Tant que battra mon cœur'', Paris, Éditions Don Quichotte, 2013, 228 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-35949-162-3}})
*''Ma vie, mes chansons, mes films'', (co-authored with Philippe Durant & Vincent Perrot), Paris, Éditions de la Martinière, 2015, 232 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-7324-7083-2}})
*''Retiens la vie'', Paris, Éditions Don Quichotte, 2017, 139 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-35949-683-3}})

==Discography==
{{Main|Charles Aznavour discography}}

To mark the centenary of Charles Aznavour's birth, [[Universal France]] is releasing the box set [[The Complete Work - Centenary Edition]] on May 10, 2024. This reissue includes his entire French and international discography, featuring both studio and live recordings.

==Filmography==
{{Main|Charles Aznavour filmography}}

==See also==

*[[List of best-selling music artists]]
*[[Armenia–France relations]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
;Citations
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

;Works cited
* {{cite book |last=Belleret |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Vie et légendes de Charles Aznavour |language=fr |publisher=Archipel |isbn=9782809823783}}
* {{cite book |last=Dicale |first=Bertrand |date=2017 |title=Tout Aznavour |language=fr |isbn=978-2-412-03531-3}}

==External links==

{{commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://www.charlesaznavour-lesite.fr}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181005152752/https://aznavourfoundation.org/en/ Aznavour Foundation]
* [http://imusic.am/artist/4963 Charles Aznavour ] on imusic.am
* {{cite web|url=http://www.armenian.ch/index.php?id=ambassador|title=Portrait de S.E. Charles Aznavour|publisher=Embassy of Armenia in Switzerland|language=fr|access-date=21 February 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630015859/http://www.armenian.ch/index.php?id=ambassador|archive-date=30 June 2014}}
* {{IMDb name|2198|Charles Aznavour}}
* {{Shof|id=61|name=Charles Aznavour}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110416155211/http://www.rfimusique.com/siteen/biographie/biographie_6059.asp Biography] by [[Radio France International]]
* [http://www.aznavour.narod.ru/ Charles Aznavour – Armenian-Russian Pages]

{{s-start}}
{{s-ach|aw}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Maxime Le Forestier]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Victoires de la Musique#Male Artist of the Year|Male artist of the year]] at the [[Victoires de la Musique]]|years = 1997}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Florent Pagny]]}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef|rows=2|before = [[Zohrab Mnatsakanian]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Permanent Representative]] of Armenia to the [[United Nations Office at Geneva|United Nations in Geneva]]|years = from 26 June 2009 till 1 October 2018}}
{{s-inc|rows=2}}
{{s-ttl|title = Ambassador of Armenia to Switzerland|years = from 30 June 2009 till 1 October 2018}}
{{s-end}}

{{Charles Aznavour}}
{{Honorary César}}
{{National Heroes of Armenia}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aznavour, Charles}}
[[Category:Charles Aznavour| ]]
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Armenia to Switzerland]]
[[Category:Angel Records artists]]
[[Category:Armenian Apostolic Christians]]
[[Category:Barclay Records artists]]
[[Category:Capitol Records artists]]
[[Category:César Honorary Award recipients]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)]]
[[Category:Order of Leopold (Belgium)]]
[[Category:English-language singers from France]]
[[Category:Ethnic Armenian male actors]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of France]]
[[Category:French people of Armenian descent]]
[[Category:French male film actors]]
[[Category:French male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:French singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:German-language singers]]
[[Category:Italian-language singers of France]]
[[Category:Male actors from Paris]]
[[Category:Liberty Records artists]]
[[Category:Mercury Records artists]]
[[Category:MGM Records artists]]
[[Category:Monument Records artists]]
[[Category:National Hero of Armenia]]
[[Category:Officers of the National Order of Quebec]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of Canada]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun]]
[[Category:Permanent Delegates of Armenia to UNESCO]]
[[Category:Permanent Representatives of Armenia to the United Nations]]
[[Category:RCA Records artists]]
[[Category:RCA Victor artists]]
[[Category:Reprise Records artists]]
[[Category:Spanish-language singers of France]]
[[Category:Deaths from pulmonary edema]]

Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

2024-05-13T15:27:33Z

RaffiKojian: /* External links */ Silent Erasure link

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Short description|Exclave of Azerbaijan}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox political division
| name = Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
| settlement_type = Autonomous republic of Azerbaijan
| native_name = {{native name|az|Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası}}
| image_flag = Flag of Azerbaijan.svg
| flag_link = Flag of Nakhchivan
| image_seal = Emblem of Azerbaijan.svg
| seal_type = National emblem
| other_seal =
| seal_size = 80px
| anthem = {{vunblist |''[[Azərbaycan marşı]]'' |"March of Azerbaijan"|[[File:Azərbaycan_marşı_instrumental.ogg|center]]}}
| image_map = Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
| map_caption = {{color box|#C12838}} Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic within Azerbaijan
| largest_city = capital
| capital = [[Nakhchivan (city)|Nakhchivan]]
| official_languages = [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]
| government_type = [[Autonomous republic|Autonomous]] [[parliamentary republic]]
| leader_title1 = President's plenipotentiary representative
| leader_name1 = [[Fuad Najafli]]
| leader_title2 = Acting chairman of the Supreme Assembly
| leader_name2 = [[Azer Zeynalov]]
| leader_title3 = [[Prime Minister of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name3 = [[Sabuhi Mammadov]]
| legislature = [[Supreme Assembly (Nakhchivan)|Supreme Assembly]]
| established_title1 = Establishment of the [[Nakhchivan ASSR]]
| established_date1 = {{nowrap|February 9, 1924}}
| established_title2 = {{nowrap|Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic}}
| established_date2 = {{nowrap|November 17, 1990}}
| area_km2 = 5,502
| area_rank =
| area_sq_mi = 2071
| percent_water = negligible
| population_census_year = [[Census in Azerbaijan|2020]]
| population_census = 461,500
| population_density_km2 = 84
| Gini = 
| Gini_year =
| Gini_change = 
| Gini_ref =
| Gini_rank =
| HDI = 0.772 
| HDI_year = 2014
| HDI_change = steady 
| HDI_ref = <ref name="statistika">{{cite web|url=http://statistika.nmr.az/|title=Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası Dövlət Statistika Komitəsi|first=Elgun Xelilzade, Elgun Khalilzadeh, Elgün|last=Xəlilzadə, elgunkh|access-date=June 12, 2016|archive-date=May 31, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531201704/http://statistika.nmr.az/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| currency = [[Azerbaijan manat]]
| currency_code = AZN
| timezone = [[Azerbaijan Time|AZT]]
| utc_offset = +4
| utc_offset_DST =
| time_zone_DST =
| calling_code = +994 36
| cctld = 
| demonym = Nakhchivani
| GDP_PPP =
| GDP_PPP_year =
| today =
| iso_code = AZ
}}

The '''Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic''' ({{lang-az|Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası}}, {{IPA-az|nɑxtʃɯˈvɑn muxˈtɑɾ ɾesˈpublikɑsɯ|pron}})<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Naxcivan, {{!}} History & Geography {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Naxcivan-republic-Azerbaijan|access-date=December 22, 2021|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> is a [[landlocked country|landlocked]] [[Enclave and exclave|exclave]] of the [[Azerbaijan|Republic of Azerbaijan]]. The region covers {{convert|5,502.75|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}<ref name="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Official portal of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic :[http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/index-22.htm Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121209061124/http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/index-22.htm|date=December 9, 2012}}</ref> with a population of 459,600.<ref name="statgov">{{cite web |url=https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/ap/az/population_2020.zip |title=Population of Azerbaijan |author= |date= |website=stat.gov.az |publisher=[[State Statistics Committee]] |access-date=February 22, 2021 |quote=}}</ref> It is bordered by [[Armenia]]{{Efn|border {{convert|221|km|mile|abbr=on}}}} to the east and north, [[Iran]]{{Efn|border {{convert|179|km|mile|abbr=on}}}} to the southwest, and [[Turkey]]{{Efn|border {{convert|8|km|mile|abbr=on}}}} to the west. It is the sole autonomous republic of Azerbaijan, governed by [[Supreme Assembly (Nakhchivan)|its own elected legislature]].

The republic, especially the capital city of [[Nakhchivan (city)|Nakhchivan]], has a long history dating back to about 1500 BC. ''Nakhijevan'' was one the [[Provinces of the kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|cantons]] of the historical Armenian province of [[Vaspurakan]] in the [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Armenia]]. Historically, the [[Persians]], [[Armenians]], [[Mongols]], and [[Turkic peoples|Turks]] all competed for the region.<ref name=":2"/> The area that is now Nakhchivan became part of [[Safavid Iran]] in the 16th century. The semi-autonomous [[Nakhichevan Khanate|Nakhchivan Khanate]] was established there in the mid-18th century. In 1828, after the last [[Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)|Russo-Persian War]] and the [[Treaty of Turkmenchay]], the Nakhchivan Khanate passed from Iranian into [[Russian Empire|Imperial Russian]] possession.

After the 1917 [[February Revolution]], Nakhchivan and its surrounding region were under the authority of the [[Special Transcaucasian Committee]] of the [[Russian Provisional Government]] and subsequently of the short-lived [[Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic]]. When the TDFR was dissolved in May 1918, Nakhchivan, [[Nagorno-Karabakh]], [[Syunik Province|Syunik]], and [[Qazax District|Qazakh]] were heavily contested between the newly formed and short-lived states of the [[First Republic of Armenia]] and the [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic]] (ADR). In June 1918, the region came under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] occupation. Under the terms of the [[Armistice of Mudros]], the Ottomans agreed to pull their troops out of the Transcaucasus to make way for British occupation at the close of the First World War. The British placed Nakhchivan under Armenian administration in April 1919, although an [[Muslim uprisings in Kars and Sharur–Nakhichevan|Azerbaijani revolt]] prevented Armenia from establishing full control over the territory.

In July 1920, the [[Bolsheviks]] occupied the region. In November of that year, [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Bolshevik Russia]] and [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic|Azerbaijan]] both promised that Nakhchivan, alongside neighboring [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] and [[Zangezur]], was an "integral part" of [[Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic|Armenia]].<ref name="DeWaal022">De Waal. ''Black Garden'', p. 129.</ref>{{Efn|"As of today, the old frontiers between Armenia and Azerbaijan are declared to be non-existent. Mountainous Karabakh, Zangezur and Nakhchivan are recognised to be integral parts of the Socialist Republic of Armenia."<ref>Tim Potier, "Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia, and South Ossetia: A Legal Appraisal" (2001), p. 4.</ref><ref>Michael P. Croissant, "The Armenia–Azerbaijan Conflict: Causes and Implications" (1998), p. 18.</ref>}} However, on March 16, 1921, in accordance with the results of a referendum, the Bolshevik government declared the [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]], which went on to become an autonomous republic ''within'' the [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]] in 1924. In January 1990, Nakhchivan declared independence from the USSR to protest against the suppression of the national movement in Azerbaijan and became the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic within the newly independent Republic of Azerbaijan a year later.

Though a mixed [[Armenians|Armenian]]–[[Azerbaijanis|Azerbaijani]] region as late as a century ago,<ref name="NewStates-NewPolitics012">[[Ian Bremmer]] and [[Ray Taras]]. ''New States, New Politics: Building Post-Soviet Nations'', p. 484. {{ISBN|0-521-57799-3}}</ref><ref name="Armcountry2">[http://countrystudies.us/armenia/14.htm Armenia: A Country Study: The New Nationalism], The Library of Congress</ref><ref name="Atlas2">Andrew Andersen, PhD [http://www.conflicts.rem33.com/images/Armenia/disp.htm Atlas of Conflicts: Armenia: Nation Building and Territorial Disputes: 1918–1920]</ref><ref name="Croissant-162">Croissant. ''Armenia–Azerbaijan Conflict'', p. 16.</ref> Nakhchivan is homogeneously [[Azerbaijanis|Azerbaijani]] today besides a small population of [[Russians]].<ref name=":2" />

== Etymology ==
Variations of the name Nakhchivan include '''Nakhichevan''',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9054715/Nakhichevan|title=Naxcivan – republic, Azerbaijan|access-date=June 12, 2016}}</ref> '''Naxcivan''',<ref>"[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Naxcivan]." ''[[Merriam-Webster|Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary]]'', 11th ed. 2003. ({{ISBN|0-87779-809-5}}) New York: Merriam-Webster, Inc.</ref> '''Naxçivan''',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/46781/Azerbaijan|title=Azerbaijan – history – geography|access-date=June 12, 2016}}</ref> '''Nachidsheuan''',{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} '''Nakhijevan''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cac-biodiversity.org/arm/arm_history.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228232515/http://www.cac-biodiversity.org/arm/arm_history.htm|url-status=dead|title=Plant Genetic Resources in Central Asia and Caucasus: History of Armenia|archivedate=February 28, 2007}}</ref> '''Nuhișvân''',<ref name="Tabrizi">{{cite book| last=Tabrizi| first=Yusuf S| title=The Yazeris: The People, Their History and Culture| publisher=Self| location=Tabriz| year=2011}}</ref>{{Self-published source|date=May 2023}} '''Nakhchawan''',<ref name="Hewsen">{{cite book| last=Hewsen| first=Robert H| author-link=Robert H. Hewsen| title=Armenia: A Historical Atlas| publisher=University of Chicago Press| location=Chicago| year=2001| page=266| isbn=0-226-33228-4}}</ref> '''Nakhitchevan''',<ref name="Bauer">Elisabeth Bauer, ''Armenia: Past and Present'', p.99 (ISBN B0006EXQ9C).</ref> '''Nakhjavan''',<ref>[[Firuz Kazemzadeh|Kazemzadeh, Firuz]]. ''The Struggle For Transcaucasia: 1917–1921''. p. 255 ({{ISBN|0-8305-0076-6}}).</ref> and '''Nakhdjevan'''.<ref>''Ibid.'' p.267.</ref> Nakhchivan is mentioned in [[Ptolemy]]'s ''Geography'' and by other classical writers as "Naxuana".<ref name="Brockhaus">{{in lang|ru}} [https://archive.today/20130703211539/http://brockhaus-efron-encyclopedia.info/Энциклопедия_Брокгауза_и_Ефрона/138612/Нахичевань "Nakhichevan"] in the ''Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary'', St. Petersburg, Russia: 1890–1907.</ref><ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Nakhichevan |volume=19 |page=156}}</ref>

The older form of the name is ''Naxčawan'' ({{Lang-hy|Նախճաւան}}).<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Hiwbshman |first=H. |url=https://archive.org/details/HinHayotsTeghwoyAnnunnere |title=Hin Hayotsʻ Teghwoy Anunnerě |publisher=Mkhitʻarean Tparan |year=1907 |location=Vienna |pages=222–223, 385 |language=hy |translator-last=Pilējikchean |translator-first=H. B. |trans-title=Ancient Armenian Place Names |author-link=Heinrich Hübschmann}}</ref> According to philologist [[Heinrich Hübschmann]], the name was originally borne by the namesake city (modern Nakhchivan) and later given to the region.<ref name=":3" /> Hübschmann believed the name to be composed of ''Naxič'' or ''Naxuč'' (probably a personal name) and ''awan'', an Armenian word (ultimately of Iranian origin) meaning "place, town".<ref name=":3" />

In the Armenian tradition, the name of the region and its namesake city is connected with the Biblical narrative of [[Noah's Ark]] and interpreted as meaning "place of the first descent" or "first resting place" (as if deriving from {{Lang-hy|[[wiktionary:նախ|նախ]]|lit=first|translit=nax|label=none}} and {{Lang-hy|[[wiktionary:իջեւան|իջեւան]]|lit=abode, resting place|translit=ijewan|label=none}}) due to it being regarded as the site where [[Noah]] descended and settled after the landing of the Ark on nearby [[Mount Ararat]].<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last1=Hakobyan |first1=T. Kh. |title=Hayastani ev harakitsʻ shrjanneri teghanunneri baṛaran |last2=Melik-Bakhshyan |first2=St. T. |last3=Barseghyan |first3=H. Kh. |publisher=Yerevan State University |year=1991 |volume=3 |pages=951–953 |language=hy |trans-title=Dictionary of toponymy of Armenia and adjacent territories |chapter=Nakhijevan |chapter-url=http://nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=61&dt=HY_HY&pageNumber=3015}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Hewsen |first=Robert H. |url=https://archive.org/details/TheGeographyOfAnaniasOfSirak |title=The Geography of Ananias of Širak (Ašxarhacʻoycʻ): The Long and the Short Recensions |publisher=Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag |year=1992 |isbn=3-88226-485-3 |location=Wiesbaden |pages=189 |author-link=Robert H. Hewsen}}</ref> It was probably under the influence of this tradition that the name changed in Armenian from the older ''Naxčawan'' to ''Naxijewan''.<ref name=":4" /> Although this is a folk etymology, [[William Whiston]] believed Nakhchivan/Nakhijevan to be the ''Apobatērion'' ("place of descent") mentioned by the first-century Jewish historian [[Josephus|Flavius Josephus]] in connection with Noah's Ark, which would make the tradition connecting the name with the Biblical figure Noah very old, predating Armenia's conversion to Christianity in the early fourth century.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="Josephus">{{cite web |title=Chapter 3 |url=http://library.untraveledroad.com/Ch/Josephus/Antiquities-Jews/Book1/3.htm |access-date=June 12, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":12">[http://www.fni.com/cim/technicals/noah.txt ''Noah's Ark: Its Final Berth''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312030734/http://www.fni.com/cim/technicals/noah.txt|date=March 12, 2008}} by Bill Crouse</ref>

== History ==
=== Early history ===
[[File:The grave monument of the prophet Noah.JPG|thumb|upright|A modern [[Noah's Mausoleum (Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan)|mausoleum]] marks the place in [[Nakhchivan (city)|Nakhchivan City]], which is traditionally believed to be the site of [[Noah]]'s grave]]
The oldest material culture artifacts found in the region date back to the [[Neolithic Age]]. On the other hand, Azerbaijani archaeologists have found that the history of Nakhchivan dates back to the Stone Age ([[Paleolithic]]). As a result of archaeological diggings, archaeologists discovered a great number of Stone-Age materials in different regions of Nakhchivan.<ref name="nakhchivan.preslib.az">{{Cite web|url=http://nakhchivan.preslib.az/en_b1.html#l3|title=Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|website=nakhchivan.preslib.az|access-date=June 14, 2017}}</ref> These materials were useful to study the Paleolithic age in Azerbaijan. Pollen analysis conducted in Gazma Cave (Sharur District) suggests that humans in the Middle Palaeolithic ([[Mousterian]]) lived not only in the mountain forests but also in the dry woodlands found in Nakhchivan.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zeinalov |first1=A.A. |last2=Valiev |first2=S.S. |last3=Tagieva |first3=E.N. |title=Human environment in the Nakhchivan region during the Mousterian (Based on the Gazma Cave Site, Azerbaijan) |journal=[[Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia]] |date=June 2010 |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=2–6 |doi=10.1016/j.aeae.2010.08.002}}</ref> Several archaeological sites dating from the [[Neolithic]] and [[Chalcolithic]] periods have also been found in Nakhchivan, including the ancient towns of [[Kültəpə#Nakhchivan Tepe|Nakhchivan Tepe]] (near the city of Nakhchivan) and [[Ovchular Tepesi]].<ref name="Marro 2022 pp. 111–130">{{cite journal | last=Marro | first=Catherine | title=The View from the North | journal=Paléorient | publisher=OpenEdition | issue=48–1 | date=2022-07-29 | issn=0153-9345 | doi=10.4000/paleorient.1675 | pages=111–130| s2cid=251329025 | url=https://hal.science/hal-03919274/file/PAL48-1_marro-1.pdf }}</ref> Some of the oldest salt mines in the world have also been discovered.<ref>Catherine Marro and Thomas Stöllner, eds. {{cite book | title=On salt, copper and gold: The origins of early mining and metallurgy in the Caucasus | publisher=MOM Éditions | year=2021 | isbn=978-2-35668-074-7 | doi=10.4000/books.momeditions.12257 | page= | editor-last1=Marro | editor-last2=Stöllner | editor-first1=Catherine | editor-first2=Thomas }}</ref>

The region was part of the states of [[Urartu]] and later [[Medes|Media]].<ref name="GreatSoviet">[http://bse.sci-lib.com/article080490.html Нахичеванская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика], [[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]</ref> It became part of the [[Orontid Dynasty|Satrapy of Armenia]] under [[Achaemenid Persia]] c. 521 BC. After the death of [[Alexander the Great]] in 323 BC several generals of the Macedonian army, including [[Neoptolemus (general)|Neoptolemus]], attempted but failed to take control of the region, and it was ruled by the native Armenian dynasty of [[Orontid Dynasty|Orontids]] until [[Armenia]] was conquered by [[Antiochus III the Great]] (ruled 222–187 BC).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/armol-2-R.html|title=Early Indo-European Online: Introduction to the Language Lessons|access-date=June 12, 2016|archive-date=April 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410040514/http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/armol-2-R.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=May 2023}}

[[File:93-vaspurakan908-1021.gif|thumb|upright=1.3|left|The Nakhichevan region (light purple) at the time of Armenia's [[Vaspurakan|Kingdom of Vaspurakan]] (908–1021).]]

In 189 BC, Nakhchivan became part of the new [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Armenia]] established by [[Artaxias I]].<ref name="Monuments">Ayvazyan, Argam. ''The Historical Monuments Of Nakhichevan'', pp. 10–12. {{ISBN|0-8143-1896-7}}</ref> Within the kingdom, the region of present-day Nakhchivan was part of the [[Ayrarat]], [[Vaspurakan]] and [[Syunik Province|Syunik]] provinces.<ref>Hewsen. ''Armenia: A Historical Atlas'', p. 100.</ref> According to the early medieval Armenian historian [[Movses Khorenatsi]], from the third to second centuries, the region belonged to the Muratsyan ''[[nakharar]]'' family but after disputes with central power, King [[Artavasdes I of Armenia|Artavazd I]] massacred the family and seized the lands and formally attached it to the kingdom.<ref>{{in lang|hy}} [[Aram Ter-Ghevondyan|Ter-Ghevondyan, Aram]]. ''"Մուրացյան"'' (Muratsyan). Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia. vol. viii. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1982, p. 98.</ref> The area's status as a major trade center allowed it to prosper; as a result, many foreign powers coveted it.<ref name="Hewsen" /> According to the Armenian historian [[Faustus of Byzantium]] (5th century), when the [[Sassanid Dynasty|Sassanid Persians]] invaded Armenia, Sassanid King [[Shapur II]] (310–380) removed 2,000 Armenian and 16,000 Jewish families in 360–370.<ref name="Sapor2">{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=1787&letter=A|title=ARMENIA |access-date=June 12, 2016}}</ref> In 428, the Armenian [[Arshakuni Dynasty|Arshakuni]] monarchy was abolished and Nakhchivan was annexed by Sassanid Persia. In 623, possession of the region passed to the [[Byzantine Empire]]<ref name="GreatSoviet" /> but was soon left to its own rule. [[Sebeos]] referred to the area as Tachkastan. According to the 5th-century Armenian author [[Koriun]], Nakhchivan was the place where the Armenian scholar [[Mesrop Mashtots]] finished the creation of the [[Armenian alphabet]] and opened the first Armenian schools. This occurred in the province of [[Goghtn|Goghtan]], which corresponds to Nakhchivan's modern Ordubad district.<ref>Կորյուն, Վարք Մաշտոցի, աշխարհաբար թարգմանությունը, ներածական ուսումնասիրությամբ, առաջաբանով և ծանոթագրություններով՝ Մ. Աբեղյանի, Եր., 1962, էջ 98։</ref><ref>Koryun: Life of Mashtots [http://armenianhouse.org/koryun/mashtots-en.html Koryun, The Life of Mashtots]</ref>

From 640 on, the [[Arabs]] invaded Nakhchivan and undertook many campaigns in the area, crushing all resistance and attacking Armenian nobles who remained in contact with the Byzantines or who refused to pay tribute. In 705, after suppressing an Armenian revolt, Arab viceroy [[Muhammad ibn Marwan]] decided to eliminate the Armenian nobility.<ref name="Lang01">[[David Marshall Lang]], ''Armenia: Cradle of Civilization'', p. 178 {{ISBN|0-04-956009-3}}.</ref> In Nakhchivan, several hundred Armenian nobles were locked up in churches and burnt, while others were crucified.<ref name="Bauer" /><ref name="Lang01" />
[[File:Armenia, beginning of the 13th Century.png|thumb|Caucasus region, beginning of the 13th century]]
The violence caused many Armenian princes to flee to the neighboring [[Kingdom of Georgia]] or the Byzantine Empire.<ref name="Lang01" /> Meanwhile, Nakhchivan itself became part of the autonomous [[Principality of Armenia]] under Arab control.<ref name="Byzantium">Mark Whittow. ''The Making of Byzantium, 600–1025''. Berkeley: [[University of California]] Press, 1996, p. 210. {{ISBN|0-520-20497-2}}</ref> In the eighth century, Nakhchivan was one of the scenes<ref name="GreatSoviet" /> of an uprising against the Arabs led by Persian<ref>M. Whittow, ''"The Making of Byzantium: 600–1025"'', pp. 195, 203, 215: Excerpts:''[Iranian] Azerbaijan was the scene of frequent anti-[[Caliphate]] and anti-Arab revolts during the eighth and ninth centuries, and Byzantine sources talk of Persian warriors seeking refuge in the 830s from the caliph's armies by taking service under the Byzantine emperor Theophilos. [...] Azerbaijan had a Persian population and was a traditional centre of the Zoroastrian religion. [...] The Khurramites were a [...] Persian sect, influenced by Shiite doctrines, but with their roots in a pre-Islamic Persian religious movement.''</ref><ref>Armenian historian [[Vardan Areveltsi]], c. 1198 – 1271 notes: In these days, a man of the PERSIAN race, named Bab, who {{sic|hide=yes|had went}} from Baltat killed many of the race of Ismayil (what Armenians called Arabs) by sword and took many slaves and thought himself to be immortal. ..Ma'mun for 7 years was battling in the Greek territories and ..came back to Mesopotamia. See: La domination arabe en Armènie, extrait de l’ histoire universelle de Vardan, traduit de l’armènian et annotè, J. Muyldermans, Louvain et Paris, 1927, pg 119: ''En ces jours-lá, un homme de la race PERSE, nomm é Bab, sortant de Baltat, faiser passer par le fil de l’épée beaucoup de la race d’Ismayēl tandis qu’il..''
Original Grabar: Havoursn haynosig ayr mi hazkes Barsitz Pap anoun yelyal i Baghdada, arganer zpazoums i sour suseri hazken Ismayeli, zpazoums kerelov. yev anser zinkn anmah. yev i mium nvaki sadager yeresoun hazar i baderazmeln youroum ent Ismayeli</ref><ref>Ibn Hazm (994–1064), the Arab historian mentions the different Iranian revolts against the Caliphate in his book Al-fasl fil al-Milal wal-Nihal. He writes: ''The Persians had the great land expanse and were greater than all other people and thought of themselves as better... after their defeat by Arabs, they rose up to fight against Islam, but God did not give them victory. Among their leaders were Sanbadh, Muqanna', Ostadsis and Babak and others. Full original Arabic:''
: «أن الفرس كانوا من سعة الملك وعلو اليد على جميع الأمم وجلالة الخطير في أنفسهم حتى أنهم كانوا يسمون أنفسهم الأحرار والأبناء وكانوا يعدون سائر الناس عبيداً لهم فلما امتحنوا بزوال الدولة عنهم على أيدي العرب وكانت العرب أقل الأمم عند الفرس خطراً تعاظمهم الأمر وتضاعفت لديهم المصيبة وراموا كيد الإسلام بالمحاربة في أوقات شتى ففي كل ذلك يظهر الله سبحانه وتعالى الحق وكان من قائمتهم سنبادة واستاسيس والمقنع وبابك وغيرهم ». See: al-Faṣl fī al-milal wa-al-ahwāʾ wa-al-niḥal / taʾlīf Abī Muḥammad ʻAlī ibn Aḥmad al-maʻrūf bi-Ibn Ḥazm al-Ẓāhirī; taḥqīq Muḥammad Ibrāhīm Naṣr, ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ʻUmayrah. Jiddah : Sharikat Maktabāt ʻUkāẓ, 1982.</ref> revolutionary [[Babak Khorramdin]] of the Iranian [[Khurramites|Khorram-Dinān]] ("those of the joyous religion" in Persian).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9002797 |title=Babak |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=June 7, 2007}}</ref> Nakhchivan was finally released from Arab rule in the tenth century by [[Bagratuni Kingdom of Armenia|Bagratuni]] King [[Smbat I]] and handed over to the princes of Syunik.<ref name="Monuments" /> This region also was taken by [[Sajids]] in 895 and between 909 and 929, [[Sallarid]] between 942 and 971 and [[Shaddadid]] between 971 and 1045.

About 1055, the [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuk Turks]] took over the region.<ref name="GreatSoviet" /> In the 12th century, the city of Nakhchivan became the capital of the state of [[Atabegs of Azerbaijan]], also known as Ildegizid state, which included most of [[Iranian Azerbaijan]] and a significant part of the South Caucasus.<ref>[http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v2f8/v2f8a073.html Encyclopedia Iranica, "Atabakan-e Adarbayjan"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016065206/http://iranica.com/newsite/articles/v2f8/v2f8a073.html |date=October 16, 2007 }}, Saljuq rulers of Azerbaijan, 12th–13th, Luther, K. pp. 890–894.</ref> The magnificent 12th-century [[Momine Khatun Mausoleum|mausoleum of Momine Khatun]], the wife of Ildegizid ruler, Great [[Atabeg]] Jahan Pehlevan, is the main attraction of modern Nakhchivan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1173/|title=The mausoleum of Nakhichevan (#) – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|last=Centre|access-date=June 12, 2016}}</ref> At its heyday, the Ildegizid authority in Nakhchivan and some other areas of South Caucasus was contested by Georgia. The Armeno-Georgian princely house of Zacharids frequently raided the region when the Atabeg state was in decline in the early years of the 13th century. It was then plundered by invading Mongols in 1220 and Khwarezmians in 1225 and became part of [[Mongol Empire]] in 1236 when the Caucasus was invaded by [[Chormaqan]].<ref name="GreatSoviet" /> In the 13th century, during the reign of the Mongol horde ruler [[Güyük Khan]], Christians were allowed to build churches in the strongly Muslim town of Nakhchivan; however, the conversion to Islam of Gazan khan brought about a reversal of this favor.<ref>[http://www.iranica.com/newsite/search/searchpdf.isc?ReqStrPDFPath=/home1/iranica/articles/v3_articles/azerbaijan/islamic_history_to_1941&OptStrLogFile=/home/iranica/public_html/logs/pdfdownload.html Encyclopedia Iranica. C. Bosworth. History of Azerbaijan, Islamic period to 1941, page 225]{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The 14th century saw the rise of [[Armenian Catholic Church|Armenian Catholicism]] in Nakhchivan,<ref name="Hewsen" /> though by the 15th century the territory became part of the states of [[Kara Koyunlu]] and [[Ak Koyunlu]].<ref name="GreatSoviet" />

=== Iranian rule ===
[[File:Coin of Shah Suleiman I, minted in Nakhchivan (Nakhjavan).jpg|thumb|right|Silver coin of Shah [[Suleiman of Persia|Suleiman I]] ({{reign}}1666–1694), struck at the Nakhchivan mint, dated 1684/5]]
In the [[16th century]], control of Nakhchivan passed to the [[Safavid dynasty]]. Until the demise of the Safavids, it remained as an administrative jurisdiction of the [[Erivan Province (Safavid Empire)|Erivan Province]] (also known as Chokhur-e Sa'd).{{sfn|Floor|2008|page=171}} Because of its geographic position, it frequently suffered during the wars between the Safavids and the [[Ottoman Empire]], from the 16th to 18th centuries. Turkish historian [[İbrahim Peçevi]] described the passing of the Ottoman army from the [[Ararat plain]] to Nakhchivan:

{{blockquote|On the twenty-seventh day they reached the plain of Nakhichevan. Out of fear of the victorious army, the people deserted the cities, villages, houses, and places of dwelling, which were so desolate that they were occupied by owls and crows and struck the onlooker with terror. Moreover, they [the Ottomans] ruined and laid waste all of the villages, towns, fields, and buildings along the road over a distance of four or five days' march so that there was no sign of any buildings or life.<ref name="Monuments" />}}

In 1604, [[Abbas I of Persia|Shah Abbas I]] of Iran, concerned that the skilled peoples of Nakhchivan, its natural resources, and the surrounding areas could get in danger due to its relatively close proximity to the Ottoman-Persian frontline, decided to institute a [[scorched earth]] policy. He [[Great Surgun|forcefully deported]] the entire hundreds of thousands of local population—Muslims, Jews, and Armenians alike—to leave their homes and move to the provinces south of the [[Aras River]].<ref>The Status of Religious Minorities in Safavid Iran 1617–61, Vera B. Moreen, Journal of Near Eastern Studies Vol. 40, No. 2 (April 1981), pp.128–129</ref><ref>The history and conquests of the Saracens, 6 lectures, Edward Augustus Freeman, Macmillan (1876) p. 229</ref><ref name="Lang02">Lang. ''Armenia: Cradle of Civilization'', pp. 210–1.</ref>
[[File:Armenian Cemetery in Julfa (1830, Francis Rawdon Chesney).jpg|thumb|[[Armenian cemetery in Julfa]], 1830, by [[Francis Rawdon Chesney]]]]
Many of the Armenian deportees were settled in the neighborhood of [[Isfahan]] that was named [[New Julfa]] since most of the residents were from the original [[Julfa, Azerbaijan (city)|Julfa]]. The Turkic Kangerli tribe was later permitted to move back under [[Abbas II of Persia|Shah Abbas II]] (1642–1666) to repopulate the frontier region of his realm.<ref>[http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/ot_grp5/ot_kangarlu_20040211.html Encyclopedia Iranica. Kangarlu] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006080544/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/ot_grp5/ot_kangarlu_20040211.html |date=October 6, 2007 }}.</ref> In the 17th century, Nakhchivan was the scene of a peasant movement led by Köroğlu against foreign invaders and "native exploiters".<ref name="GreatSoviet" /> In 1747, the [[Nakhchivan Khanate]] emerged in the region after the death of [[Nader Shah]] Afshar.<ref name="GreatSoviet" />

=== Passing to Imperial Russian rule ===
After the last [[Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)|Russo-Persian War]] and the [[Treaty of Turkmenchay]], the Nakhchivan Khanate passed into Russian possession in 1828 due to [[Qajar dynasty|Iran's]] forced ceding as a result of the outcome of the war and treaty.<ref>Timothy C. Dowling [https://books.google.com/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA728 ''Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond''] pp 728 ABC-CLIO, December 2, 2014 {{ISBN|1598849484}}</ref> With the onset of Russian rule, the [[Tsar]]ist authorities encouraged resettlement of Armenians to Nakhchivan and other areas of the [[Caucasus]] from the [[Qajar Empire|Persian]] and [[Ottoman Empire]]s. Special clauses of the Turkmenchay and [[Treaty of Adrianople (1829)|Adrianople]] treaties allowed for this.<ref>[http://bse.sci-lib.com/article112961.html Туркманчайский договор 1828], [[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]</ref> [[Alexandr Griboyedov]], the Russian envoy to [[Persia]], stated that by the time Nakhchivan came under Russian rule, there had been 290 native Armenians families in the province excluding the city of Nakhchivan, the number of Muslim families was 1,632, and the number of the Armenian immigrant families was 943. The same numbers in the city of Nakhchivan were 114, 392, and 285 respectively. With such a dramatic influx of Armenian immigrants, Griboyedov noted friction arising between the Armenian and Muslim populations. He requested Russian army commander Count [[Ivan Paskevich]] to give orders on resettlement of some of the arriving people further to the region of Daralayaz to quiet the tensions.<ref>{{in lang|ru}} [http://feb-web.ru/feb/griboed/texts/fom88/ps88_150.htm A.S. Griboyedov. Letter to Count I.F.Paskevich].</ref>

The Nakhchivan Khanate was dissolved in 1828 the same year it came into Russian possession, and its territory was merged with the territory of the [[Erivan khanate]] and the area became the [[Nakhichevan uezd]] of the new [[Armenian oblast]], which later became the [[Erivan Governorate]] in 1849. According to official statistics of the Russian Empire, by the turn of the 20th century Tatars (later known as [[Azerbaijanis]]) made up roughly 57% of the ''uezd''<nowiki/>'s population, while Armenians constituted roughly 42%.<ref name="Brockhaus"/> At the same time in the western half of the [[Sharur-Daralayaz uezd]], the territory of which would form the northern part of modern-day Nakhchivan (Sharur District), Tatars constituted 70.5% of the population, while Armenians made up 27.5%.<ref>{{in lang|ru}} [https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/brokgauz_efron/114846/Шаруро Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary. "Sharur-Daralagyoz uyezd".] St. Petersburg, Russia, 1890–1907</ref> During the [[Russian Revolution of 1905]], conflict erupted between the Armenians and the Tatars, culminating in the [[Armenian-Tatar massacres]] which saw violence in Nakhchivan in May of that year.<ref name="Croissant-9">Michael P. Croissant. ''The Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict: Causes and Implications'', p. 9. {{ISBN|0-275-96241-5}}</ref>

=== War and revolution ===
{{Main|Nakhichevan uezd|Muslim uprisings in Kars and Sharur–Nakhichevan}}
In the final year of [[World War I]], Nakhchivan was the scene of more bloodshed between Armenians and Azerbaijanis, who both laid claim to the area. By 1914, the Armenian population had decreased slightly to 40% while the Azeri population increased to roughly 60%.<ref name="NewStates-NewPolitics012"/> After the [[February Revolution]], the region was under the authority of the Special Transcaucasian Committee of the [[Russian Provisional Government]] and subsequently of the short-lived [[Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic]]. When the TDFR was dissolved in May 1918, Nakhchivan, [[Nagorno-Karabakh]], Zangezur (today the Armenian province of [[Syunik Province|Syunik]]), and [[Qazakh]] were heavily contested between the newly formed and short-lived states of the [[First Republic of Armenia|Republic of Armenia]] and the [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic]] (ADR). In June 1918, the region came under Ottoman occupation.<ref name="GreatSoviet" /> The Ottomans proceeded to massacre 10,000 Armenians and razed 45 of their villages.<ref name="Hewsen"/> Under the terms of the [[Armistice of Mudros]], the Ottomans agreed to pull their troops out of the Transcaucasus to make way for the forthcoming British military presence.<ref name="Croissant-15">Croissant. ''Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict'', p. 15.</ref>

Under British occupation, Sir [[Oliver Wardrop]], British Chief Commissioner in the South Caucasus, made a border proposal to solve the conflict. According to Wardrop, Armenian claims against Azerbaijan should not go beyond the administrative borders of the former Erivan Governorate (which under prior Imperial Russian rule encompassed Nakhchivan), while Azerbaijan was to be limited to the governorates of [[Baku Governorate|Baku]] and [[Elizavetpol Governorate|Elizavetpol]]. This proposal was rejected by both Armenians (who did not wish to give up their claims to Qazakh, Zangezur and Karabakh) and Azeris (who found it unacceptable to give up their claims to Nakhchivan). As disputes between both countries continued, it soon became apparent that the fragile peace under British occupation would not last.<ref name="Atlas">Dr. Andrew Andersen, PhD [http://www.conflicts.rem33.com/images/Armenia/disp.htm Atlas of Conflicts: Armenia: Nation Building and Territorial Disputes: 1918–1920]</ref>

In December 1918, with the support of Azerbaijan's [[Equality Party (Azerbaijan)|Musavat Party]], [[Jafargulu Khan Nakhchivanski]] declared the [[Republic of Aras]] in the Nakhchivan uyezd of the former Erivan Governorate assigned to Armenia by Wardrop.<ref name="GreatSoviet" /> The Armenian government did not recognize the new state and sent its troops into the region to take control of it. The conflict soon erupted into the violent Aras War.<ref name="Atlas" /> British journalist [[C. E. Bechhofer Roberts]] described the situation in April 1920:

{{blockquote|You cannot persuade a party of frenzied nationalists that two blacks do not make a white; consequently, no day went by without a catalogue of complaints from both sides, Armenians and Tartars [Azeris], of unprovoked attacks, murders, village burnings and the like. Specifically, the situation was a series of vicious cycles.<ref name="DeWaal01">[[Thomas de Waal]]. ''Black Garden: Armenia And Azerbaijan Through Peace and War''. New York: New York University Press, pp. 128–129. {{ISBN|0-8147-1945-7}}</ref>}}

By mid-June 1919, however, Armenia succeeded in establishing control over Nakhchivan and the whole territory of the self-proclaimed republic. The fall of the Aras republic triggered an invasion by the regular Azerbaijani army and by the end of July, the [[Muslim uprisings in Kars and Sharur–Nakhichevan|Armenian administration was ousted from Nakhchivan]].<ref name="Atlas" /> Again, more violence erupted leaving some ten thousand Armenians dead and forty-five Armenian villages destroyed.<ref name="Hewsen" /> Meanwhile, feeling the situation to be hopeless and unable to maintain any control over the area, the British decided to withdraw from the region in mid-1919.<ref name="Croissant-16">Croissant. ''Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict'', p. 16.</ref> Still, fighting between Armenians and Azeris continued and after a series of skirmishes that took place throughout the Nakhchivan district, a cease-fire agreement was concluded. However, the cease-fire lasted only briefly, and by early March 1920, more fighting broke out, primarily in Karabakh between Karabakh Armenians and Azerbaijan's regular army. This triggered conflicts in other areas with mixed populations, including Nakhchivan.

Following the adoption of the name of "[[Azerbaijan (toponym)|Azerbaijan]]" by the newly established Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, a naming dispute arose with [[Qajar Iran]], with the latter protesting this decision.<ref name="Kamrava">{{cite book |last1=Ahmadi |first1=Hamid |editor1-last=Kamrava |editor1-first=Mehran |title=The Great Game in West Asia: Iran, Turkey and the South Caucasus |date=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0190869663 |page=108 |chapter=The Clash of Nationalisms: Iranian response to Baku's irredentism}}</ref> In tandem with this naming controversy, however, the young Azerbaijan Republic also faced a threat from the nascent [[Russian SFSR|Soviets in Moscow]] and the Armenians.<ref name="Kamrava"/> In order to escape the possibility of a Soviet invasion and an even greater imminent threat of an Armenian invasion, Muslim Nakhchivan proposed being annexed to Iran.<ref name="Kamrava"/> The then pro-British government in Tehran led by [[Vossug ed Dowleh]] made endeavours amongst Baku's leadership to join Iran.<ref name="Kamrava"/> In order to promote this idea, Vosugh ed Dowleh dispatched two separate Iranian delegations; one to Baku and one to the [[Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)|Paris Peace Conference]] in 1919.<ref name="Kamrava"/> The delegation at Baku, at the behest of [[Zia ol Din Tabatabaee]], held intensive negotiations with the leadership of the Musavat party during the increasing chaos and instability in the city.<ref name="Kamrava"/> During the closing stages, an accord was reached between them; however, before the idea was presented to Vossug ed Dowleh in Tehran, the Communists took over Baku and terminated the Musavat-Ottoman rule.<ref name="Kamrava"/> The Iranian delegation at Paris, which was headed by foreign minister [[Firouz Nosrat-ed-Dowleh III]], reached a unity negotiation with the delegation from Baku and signed a confederation agreement.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ahmadi |first1=Hamid |editor1-last=Kamrava |editor1-first=Mehran |title=The Great Game in West Asia: Iran, Turkey and the South Caucasus |date=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0190869663 |pages=108–109 |chapter=The Clash of Nationalisms: Iranian response to Baku's irredentism}}</ref> In the end, these efforts proved to be of no avail, with the Soviets taking over the entirety of Transcaucasia.

=== Sovietization ===
In July 1920, the [[11th Soviet Red Army]] invaded and occupied the region and on July 28, declared the [[Nakhchivan ASSR|Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] with "close ties" to the [[Azerbaijan SSR]]. In November, on the verge of taking over Armenia, the Bolsheviks, to attract public support, promised they would allot Nakhchivan to Armenia, along with Karabakh and Zangezur. [[Nariman Narimanov]], leader of Bolshevik Azerbaijan, issued a declaration celebrating the "victory of Soviet power in Armenia" and proclaimed that both Nakhchivan and Zangezur should be awarded to the Armenian people as a sign of the Azerbaijani people's support for Armenia's fight against the former Armenian government:<ref name="DeWaal022"/>

{{blockquote|As of today, the old frontiers between Armenia and Azerbaijan are declared to be non-existent. Mountainous Karabagh, Zangezur and Nakhchivan are recognised to be integral parts of the Socialist Republic of Armenia.<ref name="Potier" /><ref name="Croissant-18">Croissant. ''Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict'', p. 18.</ref>}}

[[Vladimir Lenin]], while welcoming this act of "great Soviet fraternity" where "boundaries had no meaning among the family of Soviet peoples", did not agree with the motion and instead called for the people of Nakhchivan to be consulted in a referendum. According to the formal figures of this referendum, held at the beginning of 1921, 90% of Nakhchivan's population wanted to be included in the Azerbaijan SSR "with the rights of an autonomous republic".<ref name="Potier">Tim Potier. ''Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia, and South Ossetia: A Legal Appraisal'', p. 4. {{ISBN|90-411-1477-7}}</ref> The decision to make Nakhchivan a part of modern-day Azerbaijan was cemented on March 16, 1921, in the [[Treaty of Moscow (1921)|Treaty of Moscow]] between [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]] and the newly founded Republic of Turkey.<ref name="NewStates-NewPolitics02">Ian Bremmer and Ray Taras. ''New States, New Politics: Building Post-Soviet Nations'', p. 444. {{ISBN|0-521-57799-3}}</ref> The agreement between Soviet Russia and Turkey also called for attachment of the former [[Sharur-Daralagezsky Uyezd]] (which had a solid Azeri majority) to Nakhchivan, thus allowing Turkey to share a border with the Azerbaijan SSR. This deal was reaffirmed on October 13, in the [[Treaty of Kars]]. Article V of the treaty stated the following:

{{blockquote|The Turkish Government and the Soviet Governments of Armenia and Azerbaijan are agreed that the region of Nakhchivan, within the limits specified by Annex III to the present Treaty, constitutes an autonomous territory under the protection of Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://groong.usc.edu/treaties/kars.html|title=ANN/Groong – Treaty of Berlin – 07/13/1878|access-date=12 June 2016}}</ref>}}
Thus, on February 9, 1924, the Soviet Union officially established the Nakhchivan ASSR. Its constitution was adopted on April 18, 1926.<ref name="GreatSoviet" />

=== In the Soviet Union ===
{{main|Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic}}
As a constituent part of the Soviet Union, tensions lessened over the ethnic composition of Nakhchivan or any territorial claims regarding it. Instead, it became an important point of industrial production with particular emphasis on the mining of minerals such as salt. Under Soviet rule, it was once a major junction on the Moscow-[[Tehran]] railway line<ref name="DeWaal03">De Waal. ''Black Garden'', p. 271.</ref> as well as the [[Baku]]-[[Yerevan]] railway.<ref name="GreatSoviet" /> It also served as an important strategic area during the [[Cold War]], sharing borders with both Turkey (a [[NATO member state]]) and Iran (a close ally of the West until the [[Iranian Revolution]] of 1979).

[[File:265nakhichevan-assr.gif|thumb|upright=1.3|Map of the Nakhchivan ASSR within the Soviet Union]]
Facilities improved during Soviet times. Education and public health especially began to see some major changes. In 1913, Nakhchivan only had two hospitals with a total of 20 beds. The region was plagued by widespread diseases including [[trachoma]] and [[typhus]]. [[Malaria]], which mostly came from the adjoining Aras River, brought serious harm to the region. At any one time, between 70% and 85% of Nakhchivan's population was infected with malaria, and in the region of Norashen (present-day Sharur) almost 100% were struck with the disease. This situation improved dramatically under Soviet rule. Malaria was sharply reduced and trachoma, typhus, and relapsing fever were eliminated.<ref name="GreatSoviet" />

During the Soviet era, Nakhchivan saw a great demographic shift. In 1926, 15% of the region's population was Armenian, but by 1979, this number had shrunk to 1.4%.<ref name="Armcountry2"/> Azeris made up 85% in 1926, but 96% in 1979 (leaving the small remainder mixed or other). Three factors were involved: the emigration of Armenians to the [[Armenian SSR]], the immigration of Azeris from Armenia, and the birth rate of Azeris being higher than that of Armenians.<ref name="Armcountry2"/>

Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh noted similar though slower demographic trends and feared an eventual "de-Armenianization" of the area.<ref name="NewStates-NewPolitics02"/> When tensions between Armenians and Azeris were reignited in the late-1980s by the [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]], Azerbaijan's [[Popular Front of Azerbaijan|Popular Front]] managed to pressure the Azerbaijan SSR to instigate a partial railway and air blockade against Armenia, while another reason for the disruption of rail service to Armenia were attacks of Armenian forces on the trains entering the Armenian territory from Azerbaijan, which resulted in railroad personnel refusing to enter Armenia.<ref>Thomas Ambrosio. Irredentism: Ethnic Conflict and International Politics. {{ISBN|0-275-97260-7}}</ref><ref>Stuart J. Kaufman. Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War. {{ISBN|0-8014-8736-6}}</ref> This effectively crippled Armenia's economy, as 85% of the cargo and goods arrived through rail traffic. In response, Armenia closed the railway to Nakhchivan, thereby strangling the exclave's only link to the rest of the Soviet Union.

December 1989 saw unrest in Nakhchivan as its Azeri inhabitants moved to physically dismantle the Soviet border with Iran to flee the area and meet their ethnic Azeri cousins in northern Iran. This action was angrily denounced by the Soviet leadership and the Soviet media accused the Azeris of "embracing [[Islamic fundamentalism]]".<ref name="DeWaal04">De Waal, ''Black Garden'', p. 88-89.</ref>

==== Declaring independence ====
On Saturday, January 20, 1990,<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Vogt-Downey|editor-first=Marilyn|title=The USSR 1987–1991: Marxist Perspectives|date=1993|publisher=Humanities Press|location=London|page=190|isbn=9780391037724|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q1FpAAAAMAAJ&q=nakhchivan+declared+independence}}</ref> the [[Supreme Soviet]] of the Nakhchivan ASSR issued a declaration stating the intention for Nakhchivan to [[secede]] from the USSR to protest the Soviet Union's actions during [[Black January]].<ref>{{cite news |last=William|first=Nick B. Jr.|title= Soviet Enclave Declares Independence|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-01-21-mn-1001-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|date=January 21, 1990|access-date=April 22, 2022}}</ref> Iranian Press Agency, [[Islamic Republic News Agency|IRNA]], reported that upon its independence, Nakhchivan asked Turkey, Iran, and the [[United Nations]] to come to its aid.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Gwertzman|editor-first1=Bernard M.|editor-last2=Kaufman|editor-first2=Michael T.|title=The Decline and Fall of the Soviet Empire|date=1992|publisher=Times Books|location=New York|page=229|isbn=9780812920468|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AzhpAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> It was the first part of the Soviet Union to declare independence,<ref>{{cite magazine |author= |title=Asian Event/USSR|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pEQnAAAAMAAJ&q=nakhchivan+declared+independence|magazine=Asian Bulletin|location=Taiwan|publisher=APACL Publications|page=73|volume=15|issue=1–6|date=1990|access-date=April 22, 2022}}</ref> preceding [[Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic|Lithuania]]'s declaration by only a few weeks.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Kanet|editor-first=R.|title=Russia:Re-Emerging Great Power|series=Studies in Central and Eastern Europe|date=2007|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=New York|page=140|isbn=9780230590489|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jriDDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA140}}</ref> Subsequently, Nakhchivan was independent from Moscow and Baku but was then brought under control by the clan of [[Heydar Aliyev]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://jamestown.org/program/iranian-influence-in-nakhchivan-impact-on-azerbaijani-armenian-conflict/|title=Iranian Influence in Nakhchivan: Impact on Azerbaijani-Armenian Conflict|website=Jamestown}}</ref>

=== In the post-Soviet era ===
[[Heydar Aliyev]], the future president of Azerbaijan, returned to his birthplace of Nakhchivan in 1990, after being ousted from his position in the [[Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Politburo]] by [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] in 1987. Soon after returning to Nakhchivan, Aliyev was elected to the Supreme Soviet by an overwhelming majority. Aliyev subsequently resigned from the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU]], and after the failed [[1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt|August 1991 coup]] against Gorbachev, he called for complete independence for Azerbaijan and denounced [[Ayaz Mütallibov]] for supporting the coup. In late 1991, Aliyev consolidated his power base as chairman of the Nakhchivan Supreme Soviet and asserted Nakhchivan's near-total independence from [[Baku]].<ref name="Azcountry01">[http://countrystudies.us/azerbaijan/32.htm Azerbaijan: A Country Study: Aliyev and the Presidential Election of October 1993], The Library of Congress</ref>

Nakhchivan became a scene of conflict during the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]]. On May 4, 1992, Armenian forces shelled the [[raion]] of [[Sadarak District|Sadarak]].<ref>[http://poli.vub.ac.be/publi/ContBorders/eng/ch0701.htm Contested Borders in the Caucasus: Chapter VII: Iran's Role as Mediator in the Nagorno-Karabakh Crisis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207061604/http://poli.vub.ac.be/publi/ContBorders/eng/ch0701.htm |date=February 7, 2012 }} by Abdollah Ramezanzadeh</ref><ref name="post">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/ Russia Plans Leaner, More Open Military]. The Washington Post. May 23, 1992</ref><ref name="coe">[http://www.coe.int/t/e/com/files/events/2003-04-Youth-conflicts/Nagorno_conflict.asp Background Paper on the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict]. Council of Europe.</ref> The Armenians claimed that the attack was in response to cross-border shelling of Armenian villages by Azeri forces from Nakhchivan.<ref name="thestar">[https://www.thestar.com/ The Toronto Star]. May 20, 1992</ref><ref name="depart">{{Cite web |url=http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/erc/briefing/daily_briefings/1992/9205/078.html |title=US Department of State Daily Briefing #78: Tuesday, 5/19/92 |access-date=January 12, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060908000405/http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/briefing/daily_briefings/1992/9205/078.html |archive-date=September 8, 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> David Zadoyan, a 42-year-old Armenian physicist and mayor of the region, said that the Armenians lost patience after months of firing by the Azeris. "If they were sitting on our hilltops and harassing us with gunfire, what do you think our response should be?" he asked.<ref name="baltimore">[http://www.baltimoresun.com/ Armenian Siege of Azeri Town Threatens Turkey, Russia, Iran]. The Baltimore Sun. June 3, 1992</ref> The government of Nakhchivan denied these charges and instead asserted that the Armenian assault was unprovoked and specifically targeted the site of a bridge between Turkey and Nakhchivan.<ref name="depart" /> "The Armenians do not react to diplomatic pressure," Nakhchivan foreign minister Rza Ibadov told the ITAR-Tass news agency, "It's vital to speak to them in a language they understand." Speaking to the agency from the Turkish capital [[Ankara]], Ibadov said that Armenia's aim in the region was to seize control of Nakhchivan.<ref name="reuters">[http://today.reuters.com/news/home.aspx Reuters News Agency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070112194254/http://today.reuters.com/news/home.aspx |date=January 12, 2007 }}, wire carried by the Globe and Mail (Canada) on May 20, 1992. pg. A.10</ref> According to Human Rights Watch, hostilities broke out after three people were killed when Armenian forces began shelling the region.<ref name="hrw02">[https://www.hrw.org/reports/pdfs/g/general/general926.pdf Overview of Areas of Armed Conflict in the former Soviet Union], [[Human Rights Watch]], Helsinki Report</ref>

The heaviest fighting took place on May 18, when the Armenians captured Nakhchivan's exclave of [[Karki (Azerbaijan)|Karki]], a tiny territory through which Armenia's main north–south highway passes. The exclave presently remains under Armenian control.<ref name="hrw01">[https://web.archive.org/web/20091027120149/http://geocities.com/fanthom_2000/hrw-azerbaijan/hrw-contents/hrw-azerbaijan2.html Azerbaijan: Seven Years Of Conflict In Nagorno-Karabakh], [[Human Rights Watch]], Helsinki Report</ref> After the fall of [[Shusha]], the Mütallibov government of Azerbaijan accused Armenia of moving to take the whole of Nakhchivan (a claim that was denied by Armenian government officials). However, Heydar Aliyev declared a unilateral ceasefire on May 23 and sought to conclude a separate peace with Armenia. Armenian President [[Levon Ter-Petrossian]] expressed his willingness to sign a cooperation treaty with Nakhchivan to end the fighting, and subsequently a cease-fire was agreed upon.<ref name="hrw02"/>

The conflict in the area caused a harsh reaction from Turkey. Turkish Prime Minister [[Tansu Çiller]] announced that any Armenian advance on the main territory of Nakhchivan would result in a declaration of war against Armenia. Russian military leaders declared that "third party intervention into the dispute could trigger a [[World War III|Third World War]]". Thousands of Turkish troops were sent to the border between Turkey and Armenia in early September. Russian military forces in Armenia countered their movements by increasing troop levels along the Armenian-Turkish frontier and bolstering defenses in a tense period where war between the two seemed inevitable.<ref name="slt">[http://www.sltrib.com/ Turkey Orders Armenians to Leave Azerbaijan, Moves Troops to the Border]. The Salt Lake Tribune. September 4, 1993. pg. A1.</ref> The tension reached its peak, when Turkish heavy artillery shelled the Nakhchivan side of the Nakhchivan-Armenian border, from the Turkish border for two hours. Iran also reacted to Armenia's attacks by conducting military maneuvers along its border with Nakhchivan in a move widely interpreted as a warning to Armenia.<ref name="Azcountry02">[http://countrystudies.us/azerbaijan/16.htm Azerbaijan: A Country Study: Efforts to Resolve the Nagorno-Karabakh Crisis, 1993], The Library of Congress</ref> However, Armenia did not launch any further attacks on Nakhchivan and the presence of Russia's military warded off any possibility that Turkey might play a military role in the conflict.<ref name="slt" /> After a period of political instability, the [[Parliament of Azerbaijan]] turned to Heydar Aliyev and invited him to return from exile in Nakhchivan to lead the country in 1993.

=== Recent times ===
Today, Nakhchivan retains its autonomy as the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, and is internationally recognized as a constituent part of Azerbaijan governed by [[Supreme Assembly of Nakhchivan|its own elected legislative assembly]].<ref name="Planet">Richard Plunkett and Tom Masters. ''Lonely Planet: Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan'', p. 243. {{ISBN|1-74059-138-0}}</ref> A new constitution for Nakhchivan was approved in a referendum on November 12, 1995. The constitution was adopted by the republic's assembly on April 28, 1998, and has been in force since January 8, 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nakhchivan.az/english/dov_qur.html |title=State Structure of Nakhchivan |access-date=April 10, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117180550/http://www.nakhchivan.az/english/dov_qur.html |archive-date=January 17, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, the republic remains isolated, not only from the rest of Azerbaijan, but practically from the entire [[South Caucasus]] region. From 1995 until his resignation in December 2022, the region was ruled by [[Vasif Talibov]], who is related by marriage to Azerbaijan's ruling family, the Aliyevs.<ref name="IWPR-nakh">{{cite news| title=Nakhichevan: Disappointment and Secrecy| publisher=Institute for War and Peace Reporting| date=May 19, 2004| url=http://iwpr.net/?p=crs&s=f&o=160714&apc_state=henicrs2004| access-date=May 19, 2004 }}</ref> He was known for his authoritarian<ref name="IWPR-nakh" /> and largely corrupt rule of the region.<ref>{{cite news| title=Nakhichevan: From Despair to Where?| publisher=Axis News| date=July 21, 2005| url=http://www.axisglobe.com/article.asp?article=263| access-date=July 21, 2005| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112045527/http://www.axisglobe.com/article.asp?article=263| archive-date=January 12, 2008| url-status=dead}}</ref> Most residents prefer to watch Turkish television as opposed to Nakhchivan television, which one Azerbaijani journalist criticised as "a propaganda vehicle for Talibov and the Aliyevs."<ref name="IWPR-nakh" />

Economic hardships and energy shortages plague the area. There have been many cases of [[Foreign worker|migrant workers]] seeking jobs in neighboring Turkey. "Emigration rates to Turkey," one analyst said, "are so high that most of the residents of the Besler district in [[Istanbul]] are Nakhchivanis."<ref name="IWPR-nakh" /> In 2007, an agreement was struck with Iran to obtain more gas exports, and a new bridge on the Aras River between the two countries was inaugurated in October 2007; the Azerbaijani president, Ilham Aliyev and the first vice-president of Iran, [[Parviz Davoodi]] also attended the opening ceremony.<ref>{{cite news |title=Azerbaijani President attends opening of bridge uniting Iran with Azerbaijan |publisher=Azeri Press Agency |date=October 17, 2007 |url=http://en.apa.az/news.php?id=37261 |access-date=January 3, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021013426/http://en.apa.az/news.php?id=37261 |archive-date=October 21, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

As part of the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|2020 ceasefire agreement]] which ended the [[Second Nagorno-Karabakh War]], Armenia, in the context of all economic and transport connections in the region to be unblocked, agreed "to guarantee the security of transport connections between the western regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic in order to arrange unobstructed movement of persons, vehicles and cargo in both directions". As part of the agreement, these transport communications are to be patrolled by [[Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/64384|title=Statement by President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia and President of the Russian Federation|website=[[Kremlin.ru]]|date=November 10, 2020 }}</ref>

== Administrative divisions ==
{{main|Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan}}
[[File:Nakhichevan-subdivisions.png|thumb|upright=0.7|Subdivisions of Nakhchivan]]
Nakhchivan is subdivided into eight [[country subdivision|administrative divisions]]. Seven of these are ''[[raion]]s''. The capital city (şəhər) of [[Nakhchivan City]] is treated separately.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Map ref.
! Administrative division
! Capital
! Type
! Area (km2)
! Population (August 1, 2011, estimate)<ref name="Cities and regions">Official portal of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic :[http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/seh-ray.htm Cities and regions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519040027/http://www.nakhchivan.az/portal-en/seh-ray.htm|date=May 19, 2014}}</ref>
! Notes
|-
|align="center" |'''1'''
|align="left" |[[Babek District|Babek]] (Babək)
|align="left" |[[Babek (city)|Babek]]
|align="left" |District
|align="left" |749,81<ref name="Cities and regions" />
|align="left" |66,200<ref name="Cities and regions" />
|align="left" |Formerly known as Nakhchivan; renamed after [[Babak Khorramdin]] in 1991
|-
|align="center" |'''2'''
|align="left" |[[Julfa District|Julfa]] (Culfa)
|align="left" |[[Julfa, Azerbaijan (city)|Julfa]]
|align="left" |District
|align="left" |1012,75<ref name="Cities and regions" />
|align="left" |43,000<ref name="Cities and regions" />
|align="left" |Also spelled Jugha or Dzhulfa.
|-
|align="center" |'''3'''
|align="left" |[[Kangarli District|Kangarli]] (Kəngərli)
|align="left" |[[Qıvraq|Givraq]]
|align="left" |District
|align="left" |711,86<ref name="Cities and regions" />
|align="left" |28,900<ref name="Cities and regions" />
|align="left" |Split from Babek in March 2004
|-
|align="center" |'''4'''
|align="left" |{{nowrap|[[Nakhchivan City]] (Naxçıvan Şəhər)}}
|align="left" | n/a
|align="left" |Municipality
|align="left" |191,82<ref name="Cities and regions" />
|align="left" |85,700<ref name="Cities and regions" />
|align="left" |Split from Nakhchivan (Babek) in 1991
|-
|align="center" |'''5'''
|align="left" |[[Ordubad District|Ordubad]]
|align="left" |[[Ordubad (city)|Ordubad]]
|align="left" |District
|align="left" |994,88<ref name="Cities and regions" />
|align="left" |46,500<ref name="Cities and regions" />
|align="left" |Split from Julfa during [[Sovietization]]<ref name="Hewsen" />
|-
|align="center" |'''6'''
|align="left" |[[Sadarak District|Sadarak]] (Sədərək)
| align="left" |[[Heydarabad, Azerbaijan|Heydarabad]]
|align="left" |District
|align="left" |153,49<ref name="Cities and regions" />
|align="left" |14,500<ref name="Cities and regions" />
|align="left" |Split from Sharur in 1990; ''de jure'' includes the [[Karki (Azerbaijan)|Karki]] [[Enclave and exclave|exclave]] in Armenia, which is ''de facto'' under Armenian control
|-
|align="center" |'''7'''
|align="left" |[[Shahbuz District|Shahbuz]] (Şahbuz)
|align="left" |[[Şahbuz|Shahbuz]]
|align="left" |District
|align="left" |838,04<ref name="Cities and regions" />
|align="left" |23,400<ref name="Cities and regions" />
|align="left" |Split from Nakhchivan (Babek) during Sovietization<ref name="Hewsen" /> Territory roughly corresponds to the Čahuk (Չահւք) district of the historic Syunik region within the [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Armenia]]<ref>Hewsen. ''Armenia: A Historical Atlas'', p. 123.</ref>
|-
|align="center" |'''8'''
|align="left" |[[Sharur District|Sharur]] (Şərur)
|align="left" |[[Şərur|Sharur]]
|align="left" |District
|align="left" |847,35<ref name="Cities and regions" />
|align="left" |106,600<ref name="Cities and regions" />
|align="left" |Formerly known as Bashnorashen during its incorporation into the Soviet Union and Ilyich (after [[Vladimir Lenin|Vladimir ''Ilyich'' Lenin]]) from the post-Sovietization period to 1990<ref name="Hewsen" />
|-
|align="left" |
|align="left" |'''Total'''
|align="left" |
|align="left" |
|align="left" |5,500<ref name="Cities and regions" />
|align="left" |414,900<ref name="Cities and regions" />
|align="left" |
|-
|}

== Demographics ==
{| class="infobox wikitable"
! colspan="8" |<big>{{center|Ethnic groups in Nakhchivan}}</big>
|-
! Year
! Azerbaijanis<ref group="dn">Records prior to 1918 used the word ''Tatar'' (Russian for [[Turkic peoples|Turkic people]]), who are the ancestors of modern-day Azerbaijani Turks.</ref>
! %
! Armenians
! %
! Others<ref group="dn">[[Russians]], [[Kurds]], [[Turkish people|Turks]], [[Ukrainians]], [[Georgians]], [[Persia]]ns etc.</ref>
! %
! Total
|-
| 1828<ref>{{cite book |author=Alexander Griboyedov |script-title=ru:Рапорт А.С.Грибоедова графу И.Ф.Паскевичу |year=1828 |publisher=А.С.Грибоедов. Сочинения. Москва, Художественная литература, 1988 г., сс. 611–614 |location=Moscow |language=ru }}</ref>
| 2,024<ref name=":0" group="dn">Tatars (later known as Azerbaijanis) combined with other Muslims.</ref>
| 55.3
| 1,632
| 44.7
|
|
! 3,656
|-
| 1831<ref>{{cite book |author=Ivan Shopen |script-title=ru:Шопен И. Исторический памятник состояния Армянской области в эпоху её присоединения к Российской Империи. |trans-title= Ethnic Processes in the South Cacucasus in 19th–20th centuries |year=1852 |publisher=Имп. Академия наук (Imperial Academy of Sciences) |location=Saint Petersburg |language=ru }}</ref>
| {{increase}} 17,138<ref name=":0" group="dn" />
| 56.1
| {{increase}} 13,342
| 43.7
| 27
| 1.2
! 30,507
|-
| 1896<ref>{{in lang|ru}} [http://bibliotekar.ru/ben/94.htm ''Нахичевань''. Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона] Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary</ref>
| {{increase}} 49,425
| 56.9
| {{increase}} 36,671
| 42.2
| {{increase}} 583
| 0.7
! 86,878
|-
| 18975<ref>{{in lang|ru}} [http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=575 Демокоп Weekly] Нахичеванский уезд</ref>
| {{increase}} 64,151
| 63.7
| {{decrease}} 34,672
| 34.4
| {{increase}} 1,948
| 1.9
! 100,771
|-
| 1916<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.prlib.ru/item/417322 |title=Кавказский календарь на 1917 год |publisher=Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom |year=1917 |edition=72nd |publication-place=Tiflis |pages=214–221 |language=Russian |trans-title=Caucasian calendar for 1917 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104233151/https://www.prlib.ru/item/417322 |archive-date=November 4, 2021}}</ref><ref>Christopher J. Walker, ed., Armenia and Karabakh, op. cit., pp. 64–65</ref>{{Efn|The Nakhichevan uezd did not include the population of the Sharur or Sadarak districts which were part of the [[Sharur-Daralayaz uezd|Sharur-Daralayaz]] and [[Erivan uezd|Erivan]] ''uezds'', respectively.}}
| {{increase}} 81,191
| 59.3
| {{increase}} 54,209
| 39.6
|{{decrease}} 1,459
|1.1
!136,859
|-
| 1926<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/naxichevan26.html|title=Нахичеванская ССР 1926|website=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru|language=ru}}</ref>
| {{increase}} 88,433
| 84.3
| {{decrease}} 11,276
| 10.8
| {{increase}} 4,947
| 4.7
! 104,656
|-
| 1939<ref name="ethnocaucasus">{{in lang|ru}} [http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnazerbaijan.html Население Азербайджана]</ref>
| {{increase}} 108,529
| 85.7
| {{increase}} 13,350
| 10.5
| {{decrease}} 4,817
|3.8
! 126,696
|-
| 1959<ref name="ethnocaucasus"/>
| {{increase}} 127,508
| 90.2
| {{decrease}} 9,519
| 6.7
| {{decrease}} 4,334
| 3.1
! 141,361
|-
| 1970<ref name="ethnocaucasus"/>
| {{increase}} 189,679
| 93.8
| {{decrease}} 5,828
| 2.9
| {{increase}} 6,680
| 3.3
! 202,187
|-
| 1979<ref name="ethnocaucasus"/>
| {{increase}} 229,968
| 95.6
| {{decrease}} 3,406
| 1.4
| {{increase}} 7,085
| 2.9
! 240,459
|-
| 1989<ref name="ethnocaucasus"/>
| {{increase}} 281,807
| 95.9
| {{decrease}} 1,858
| 0.6
| {{increase}} 10,210
| 3.5
! 293,875
|-
| 1999<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.azstat.org/region/az/001.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213132849/http://www.azstat.org/region/az/001.shtml|url-status=dead|title=The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan – Regions of Azerbaijan- Nakchivan economic district – Ethnic Structure|archivedate=February 13, 2012}}</ref>
| {{increase}} 350,806
| 99.1
| {{decrease}} 17
| 0
| {{decrease}} 3,249
| 0.9
! 354,072
|-
| 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/azerbaijan-ethnic2009.htm|title=Ethnic composition of Azerbaijan 2009|access-date=June 12, 2016}}</ref>
| {{increase}} 396,709
| 99.6
| {{decrease}} 6
| 0
| {{decrease}} 1,608
| 0.4
! 398,323
|-
|-
! colspan="8"| {{Reflist|group=dn}}
|-
|}

As of January 1, 2018, Nakhchivan's population was estimated to be 452,831.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.stat.gov.az/map/az/01/|title=Naxçıvan əhalisinin sayı açıqlandı|date=May 22, 2018|access-date=January 23, 2018|via=qafqazinfo.az}}</ref> Most of the population are [[Azerbaijanis]], who constituted 99% of the population in 1999, while ethnic [[Russians]] (0.15%) and a minority of [[Kurds]] (0.6%) constituted the remainder of the population.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.azstat.org/region/az/001.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213132849/http://www.azstat.org/region/az/001.shtml|url-status=dead|title=The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan: Nakhchivan Economic Region|archivedate=February 13, 2012}}</ref>

The Kurds of Nakhchivan are mainly found in the districts of [[Sadarak District|Sadarak]] and [[Teyvaz]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.azerb.com/az-kurd.html|title=Kurdish people – Kurds in Azerbaijan – Azerb.com}}</ref> The remaining [[Armenians]] were expelled by Azerbaijani forces during the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh as part of the [[forced displacement|forceful exchange of population]] between Armenia and Azerbaijan. According to a 1932 Soviet estimate, 85% of the area's population was rural, while only 15% was urban. This urban percentage increased to 18% by 1939 and 27% by 1959.<ref name="Hewsen"/> As of 2011, 127,200 people of Nakhchivan's total population of 435,400 live in urban areas, making the urban percentage 29.2%.<ref name="statistika.nmr.az">{{cite web|url=http://statistika.nmr.az/source/demoqraphic/001.xls|title=Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası üzrə əhalinin sayı və cins üzrə bölgüsü 1)|access-date=December 5, 2014|archive-date=August 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812223446/http://statistika.nmr.az/source/demoqraphic/001.xls|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Nakhchivan enjoys a high [[Human Development Index]]; its socio-economic prowess far exceeds that of the neighbouring countries except for Turkey, as well as Azerbaijan itself. According to the report of Nakhchivan AR Committee of Statistics on June 30, 2014, for the end of 2013, some socio-economical data, including the following, are unveiled:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Variable !! Value
|-
| Population || 452,831<ref name="statistika.nmr.az"/>
|-
| [[List of countries by GNI (PPP) per capita|GNI (PPP) per Capita]] || $15,300<ref name="statistika2">{{cite web|url=http://statistika.nmr.az/macroeconomy/index.php|title=Makroiqtisadi göstəricilər|publisher=statistika.nmr.az|access-date=December 5, 2014|archive-date=December 1, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131201113458/http://statistika.nmr.az/macroeconomy/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[Life expectancy|Life Expectancy at Birth]] || 76.1 years<ref name="statistika3">{{cite web|url=http://statistika.nmr.az/source/demoqraphic/010.xls|title=Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası üzrə cins bölgüsündə doğulanda gözlənilən ömür uzunluğu|access-date=December 5, 2014|archive-date=December 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210004541/http://statistika.nmr.az/source/demoqraphic/010.xls|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| Mean Years of Schooling || 11.2 years<ref name="statistika4">{{cite web|url=http://statistika.nmr.az/source/healthcare/001t.xls|title=Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası üzrə təhsilin əsas göstəriciləri|access-date=December 5, 2014|archive-date=August 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812203452/http://statistika.nmr.az/source/healthcare/001t.xls|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| Expected Years of Schooling || 11.8 years<ref name="statistika4"/>
|}

Making use of the Human Development Index calculation method according to the new UNHD 2014 method,<ref name="undp">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14_technical_notes.pdf|date=June 24, 2014|title=Technical notes: Calculating the human development indices – graphical presentation|access-date=December 5, 2014}}</ref> the above values change into these:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Variable !! Value
|-
| [[Human Development Index#Income Index|Income Index]] || 0.7599
|-
| [[Human Development Index#Life Expectancy Index|Life Expectancy Index]] || 0.8630
|-
| [[Education Index]] || 0.7011
|}

Further, the value of the HDI becomes to
:<math>
(0.7599 \cdot 0.8630 \cdot 0.7011) ^ \frac {1} {3} = 0.772.
</math>

Were it a country, Nakhchivan would be ranked between [[Malaysia]] ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|62nd]])<ref name="undp"/> and [[Mauritius]] (63rd)<ref name="undp"/> for its HDI. [[Iran]]'s HDI is 0.749 (75th), Turkey's 0.759 (69th), and [[Azerbaijan]]'s 0.747 (76th).<ref name="undp"/>

== Geography ==
{{main|Geography of Azerbaijan}}
[[File:Topo map Nakhchivan en.png|thumb|Topographic map of the region]]
Nakhchivan is a [[semi-desert]] region that is separated from the main portion of Azerbaijan by Armenia. The [[Zangezur Mountains]] make up its border with Armenia while the [[Aras River]] defines its border with [[Iran]]. The [[Araz reservoir]] located on that river supplies water for [[agriculture|agricultural needs]] and the [[hydroelectric dam]] generates power for both Azerbaijan and Iran. {{citation needed|date=August 2015}}

Nakhchivan is [[arid]] and mountainous. Its highest peak is [[Mount Kapudzhukh]] {{convert|3904|m|abbr=on}} and its most distinctive is [[İlandağ]] (Snake Mountain) {{convert|2,415|m|abbr=on}}, which is visible from [[Nakhchivan City]]. According to legend, the cleft in its summit was formed by the keel of Noah's Ark as the floodwaters abated.<ref name="Planet2">Plunkett and Masters. ''Lonely Planet'', p. 246.</ref> [[Qazangödağ]] {{convert|3,829|m|abbr=on}} is another major peak.

Both the absolute minimum temperature ({{convert|-33|°C|°F|1|disp=or}}) and the absolute maximum temperature ({{convert|46|°C|°F|1|disp=or}}) were observed in [[Julfa, Azerbaijan (city)|Julfa]] and [[Ordubad]].<ref name="azhydromet">{{cite web |last1=Mahmudov |first1=Rza |title=Water Resources of the Azerbaijan Republic |url=http://www.azhydromet.com/SRIH/Water%20Resurs.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070524005453/http://www.azhydromet.com/SRIH/Water%20Resurs.html |archive-date=24 May 2007 |access-date=27 November 2016 |publisher=Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan Republic}}</ref>

{{wide image|Nakchivan Panoramic.jpg|900px|Nakchivan landscape|alt=a vast green plain with isolated mountains in the distance}}

== Economy ==
{{See also|Economy of Nakhchivan}}
=== Industry ===
Nakhchivan's major [[Industry (economics)|industries]] include the mining of minerals such as salt, [[molybdenum]], and lead. [[Dryland farming]], developed during the Soviet years, has allowed the region to expand into the growing of wheat (mostly cultivated on the plains of the [[Aras River]]), [[barley]], cotton, tobacco, [[orchard]] fruits, [[mulberry|mulberries]], and grapes for producing wine. Other industries include [[cotton ginning]]/cleaning, silk spinning, fruit canning, meatpacking, and, in the drier regions, [[sheep farming]]. Processing of minerals, salt, [[radio engineering]], farm ginning, preserving, silk products, meat, and dairy, bottling of [[mineral water]]s, clothing, and furniture are the principal branches of Nakhchivan's industry. The [[Nakhchivan Automobile Plant]] ({{lang-az|Naxçıvan Avtomobil Zavodu}}, abbr. NAZ), is a prominent automobile manufacturer in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The economy suffered a severe blow in 1988 with the loss of access to both [[raw material]]s and markets, due to the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]]. Although new markets are emerging in [[Iran]] and Turkey, this isolation still persists to this day, impairing development. The economy of Nakhchivan is based on agriculture, mining, and [[food processing]], however, 75% of the republic's budget is supplied by the central government in [[Baku]]. {{citation needed|date=May 2019}}

The Republic is rich in minerals. Nakhchivan possesses deposits of [[marble]], [[lime (material)|lime]], and [[gypsum]]. The deposits of the [[rock salt]] are exhausted in [[Nehram]], Nakhchivan, and [[Sustin]]. The important [[molybdenum]] mines are currently closed as a consequence of the exclave's isolation. There are a lot of [[mineral spring]]s such as [[Badamli]], [[Sirab]], Nagajir, Kiziljir where water contains [[arsenic]]. About 90% of the agricultural land is now in private hands. However, agriculture has become a poorly capitalized, [[backyard]] activity. [[Production (economics)|Production]] has dropped sharply and large-scale commercial agriculture has declined. Over two-thirds of the land are rocky slopes and [[desert]]s, therefore the area of arable lands is quite limited. The main crops – cotton and tobacco – are cultivated in the [[PriAraz plain]], near [[Sharur]] and [[Nakhchivan City]]. Three-quarters of the grain production, especially [[winter wheat]] is concentrated on the irrigated lands of the [[Sharur plain]] and in the basin of the Nakhchivan river. Vine growing in Nakhchivan has an ancient tradition, in the Araz valley and foothills. Very hot summers and long warm autumns make it possible to grow such highly [[saccharine]] grapes as [[bayan-shiraz]], [[tebrizi]], [[shiraz (grape)|shiraz]]. Wines such as "Nakhchivan" "Shahbuz", "[[Abrakunis]]", at "[[Aznaburk]]" are of reasonable quality and very popular. Fruit production is quite important, mainly of [[quince]], pear, peach, apricot, [[Common fig|fig]], almonds, and [[pomegranate]]. Cattle ranching is another traditional branch of Nakhchivan farming. Due to the dry climate, pastures in Nakhchivan are unproductive, therefore [[sheep breeding]] prevails over other livestock production. Winter pastures stretch on the PriAraz plain, on the foothills and mountainsides to the altitude of {{convert|1200|m}}. But the summer pastures go up on the high-mountain area to an altitude of {{convert|2300|–|3200|m}}. The most widespread sheep variety is "balbas". These sheep are distinguished by their productivity and snow-white silky wool which is widely used in the manufacture of carpets. Horned and small cattle are bred everywhere, especially in the environs of Sharur and Nakhchivan. [[Eurasian Buffalo|Buffalo]]es are also bred here.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}}

Although intentions to facilitate tourism have been declared by the government, it is still at best [[incipient]]. Until 1997 tourists needed special permission to visit, which has now been abolished, making travel easier. Facilities are very basic and heating fuel is hard to find in the winter, but the arid mountains bordering [[Armenia]] and Iran are magnificent. In terms of services, Nakhchivan offers very basic facilities and lacks heating fuel during the winter.<ref name="GreatSoviet" />

In 2007 the [[Poldasht-Shah Takhti Bridge]], which connects [[Poldasht]], West Azerbaijan Province, [[Iran]], and [[Shah Takhti]] in Nakhchivan, was completed, allowing residents of the republic to access Azerbaijan proper via Iran without having to cross Armenian territory.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.usacc.org/usacc_newsletter/newsletter136/news4.html|title=USACC Newsletter|website=usacc.org|access-date=March 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316151715/http://www.usacc.org/usacc_newsletter/newsletter136/news4.html|archive-date=March 16, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== International issues ==
[[File:Jugha-khachkar-CIMG1581.JPG|thumb|upright|Examples of Armenian [[khachkar]]s from [[Julfa District|Julfa]]]]
=== Destruction of Armenian cultural monuments ===
{{main|Khachkar destruction in Nakhchivan}}
The number of named Armenian churches known to have existed in the Nakhchivan region is [[List of Armenian Apostolic Churches in Nakhichevan|over 280]]. As early as 1648, French traveller Alexandre de Rhodes reported seeing more than ten thousand Armenian tombstones made of marble in Julfa.<ref>Alexande de Rhodes, Divers Voyages et Missions du P. A. de Rhodes en la Chine, &AutresRoyaumes avec son Retour en Europe par la Perse et I’Armenie (Paris: Sebastian Cramoisy, 1653), Part 3, 63. Second edition (Paris: 1854), 416. "Out of the walls of this city [Julfa] which now is only a desert, I saw a beautiful monument to the ancient piety of the Armenians. It is a vast site, where there are at the very least ten thousand tombstones of marble, all marvellously well carved."</ref> The number of ecclesiastical monuments still standing in Nakhchivan in the 1980s is estimated to be between 59 and 100. The author and journalist [[Sylvain Besson]] believe them to have all been subsequently destroyed as part of a campaign by the Government of Azerbaijan to erase all traces of Armenian culture on its soil.<ref>Sylvain Besson, "L'Azerbaidjian Face au Desastre Culturel", Le Temps (Switzerland), November 4, 2006.</ref>

When the 14th-century church of St. Stephanos at [[Abrakunis]] was visited {{by whom|date=February 2022}} in 2005, it was found to have been recently destroyed, with its site reduced to a few bricks sticking out of loose, bare earth. Similar complete destruction had happened to the 16th century St. Hakop-Hayrapet church in [[Shurut]]. The Armenian churches in Norashen, [[Kırna]] and [[Gal, Azerbaijan|Gah]] that were standing in the 1980s had also vanished.<ref>Switzerland-Armenia Parliamentary Group (ed.) "The destruction of Jugha and the Entire Armenian Cultural Heritage in Nakhchivan", Bern, 2006. p73-77.</ref><ref>[http://www.armenianow.com/features/5782/monumental_effort_scotsman_wants_t ''Monumental Effort: Scotsman wants to prove Azeri policy of cultural destruction in Nakhijevan'', Gayane Mkrtchyan, ArmeniaNow, September 2, 2005.]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305022430/http://armenianow.com/features/5782/monumental_effort_scotsman_wants_t |date=March 5, 2016 }} Quote: "But a special state policy of destruction is being implemented in Azerbaijan. In Turkey, after 90 years of staying empty, there are still standing churches today, meanwhile in Nakhijevan, all have been destroyed within just 10 years."</ref><ref>[http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cescr/docs/ngos/SAA_AzerbaijanWG49.pdf The Switzerland-Armenia Association (SAA), for consideration at the 49th session of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Pre-Sessional Working Group, 21–25 May 2012)]</ref>

The most publicised case of mass destruction concerns gravestones at a medieval cemetery in [[Julfa, Azerbaijan (town)|Julfa]], with photographic, video and satellite evidence supporting the charges.<ref>{{cite news |title=World Watches in Silence As Azerbaijan Wipes Out Armenian Culture |publisher=[[The Art Newspaper]] |date=May 25, 2006 |url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/article01.asp?id=281 |access-date=May 25, 2006 |archive-date=September 11, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060911033444/http://www.theartnewspaper.com/article01.asp?id=281 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tragedy on the Araxes |work=[[Archaeology (magazine)|Archaeology]] |date=June 30, 2006 |url=http://www.archaeology.org/online/features/djulfa/index.html |access-date=June 30, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armenica.org/history/old-jougha/index.html|title=Armenica: Destruction of Armenian Khatchkars in Old Jougha (Nakhichevan)|access-date=June 12, 2016}}</ref> In April 2006 British ''The Times'' wrote about the destruction of the cemetery in the following way:
<blockquote>A Medieval cemetery regarded as one of the wonders of the Caucasus has been erased from the Earth in an act of cultural vandalism likened to the Taleban blowing up the Bamiyan Buddhas in Afghanistan in 2001. The Jugha cemetery was a unique collection of several thousand carved stone crosses on Azerbaijan's southern border with Iran. But after 18 years of conflict between Azerbaijan and its western neighbour, Armenia, it has been confirmed that the cemetery has vanished."<ref name=times>{{cite web|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article2601921.ece|title=Historic graveyard is victim of war – The Times|website=[[The Times]]|access-date=12 June 2016|archive-date=June 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627090725/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article2601921.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref></blockquote>

Armenians have long sounded the alarm that the Azerbaijanis intend to eliminate all evidence of Armenian presence in Nakhchivan and to this end, have been carrying out massive and irreversible destruction of Armenian cultural traces. "The irony is that this destruction has taken place not during a time of war but at a time of peace," Armenian Foreign Minister Vartan Oskanian told The Times.<ref name=times/> Azerbaijan has consistently denied these accusations. For example, according to the Azerbaijani ambassador to the US, [[Hafiz Pashayev]], the videos and photographs "show some unknown people destroying mid-size stones", and "it is not clear of what nationality those people are", and the reports are Armenian propaganda designed to divert attention from what he claimed was a "state policy (by Armenia) to destroy the historical and cultural monuments in the occupied Azeri territories".<ref>{{cite news |title=Will the arrested minister become new leader of opposition? Azerbaijani press digest |agency=[[REGNUM News Agency]] |date=January 20, 2006 |url=http://www.regnum.ru/english/574041.html |access-date=January 20, 2006}}</ref>

A number of international organizations have confirmed the complete destruction of the cemetery. The [[Institute for War and Peace Reporting]] reported on April 19, 2006, that "there is nothing left of the celebrated stone crosses of Jugha."<ref>{{cite news |title=Azerbaijan: Famous Medieval Cemetery Vanishes |publisher=Institute for War and Peace Reporting |date=April 19, 2006 |url=http://iwpr.net/index.php?p=crs&s=f&o=261191&apc_state=henpcrs261191 |access-date=April 19, 2006}}</ref>

According to the [[International Council on Monuments and Sites]] (Icomos), the Azerbaijan government removed 800 khachkars in 1998. Though the destruction was halted following protests from UNESCO, it resumed four years later. By January 2003 "the 1,500-year-old cemetery had completely been flattened" according to Icomos.<ref>[http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/world_report/2006-2007/pdf/H@R_2006-2007_web.pdf ICOMOS World Report 2006/2007 on Monuments and Sites in Danger]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/azerbaijan-flattened-sacred-armenian-site-480272.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/azerbaijan-flattened-sacred-armenian-site-480272.html |archive-date=June 18, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Azerbaijan 'flattened' sacred Armenian site|website=[[Independent.co.uk]]|date=May 29, 2006|access-date=June 12, 2016}}</ref> On December 8, 2010, the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] released a report entitled "Satellite Images Show Disappearance of Armenian Artifacts in Azerbaijan".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2010/1208azerbaijan.shtml|title=Satellite Images Show Disappearance of Armenian Artifacts in Azerbaijan|date=December 8, 2010|access-date=June 12, 2016}}</ref> The report contained the analysis of high resolution satellite images of the Julfa cemetery, which verified the destruction of the khachkars.

The [[European Parliament]] has formally called on Azerbaijan to stop the demolition as a breach of the [[UNESCO]] World Heritage Convention.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/omk/sipade3?TYPE-DOC=TA&REF=P6-TA-2006-0028&MODE=SIP&L=EN&LSTDOC=N|title=European Parliament Resolution on the European Neighbourhood Policy – January 2006|access-date=June 12, 2016}}</ref> According to its resolution regarding cultural monuments in the South Caucasus, the European Parliament "condemns strongly the destruction of the Julfa cemetery as well as the destruction of all sites of historical importance that has taken place on Armenian or Azerbaijani territory, and condemns any such action that seeks to destroy cultural heritage."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-6-2006-0069_EN.html|title=Texts adopted – Thursday, 16 February 2006 – Cultural heritage in Azerbaijan – P6_TA(2006)0069|access-date=June 12, 2016}}</ref> In 2006, Azerbaijan barred a Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) mission from inspecting and examining the ancient burial site, stating that it would only accept a delegation if it also visited Armenian-occupied territory. "We think that if a comprehensive approach is taken to the problems that have been raised," said Azerbaijani foreign ministry spokesman [[Tahir Tagizade]], "it will be possible to study Christian monuments on the territory of Azerbaijan, including in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic."<ref>{{cite news |title=Azerbaijan 'Flattened' Sacred Armenian Site |work=[[The Independent]] |date=May 30, 2006 |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article621782.ece |access-date=May 30, 2006 |location=London |first=Stephen |last=Castle |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615170344/http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article621782.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2006 }}</ref>

A renewed attempt was planned by PACE inspectors for August 29 – September 6, 2007, led by British MP [[Eddie O'Hara (politician)|Edward O'Hara]]. As well as Nakhchivan, the delegation would visit Baku, Yerevan, Tbilisi, and Nagorno Karabakh.<ref>"Pace Mission to Monitor Cultural Monuments", S. Agayeva, Trend News Agency, Azerbaijan, August 22, 2007.</ref> The inspectors planned to visit Nagorno Karabakh via Armenia; however, on August 28, the head of the Azerbaijani delegation to PACE released a demand that the inspectors must enter Nagorno Karabakh via Azerbaijan. On August 29, PACE Secretary-General Mateo Sorinas announced that the visit had to be cancelled because of the difficulty in accessing Nagorno Karabakh using the route required by Azerbaijan. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Armenia issued a statement saying that Azerbaijan had stopped the visit "due solely to their intent to veil the demolition of Armenian monuments in Nakhijevan".<ref>Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia, Press Release August 29, 2007.</ref>

In 2022, the [[Cornell University]]-led monitoring group Caucasus Heritage Watch released a report detailing the "complete destruction of Armenian cultural heritage" in Nakhchivan starting the 1990s.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Nutt |first=David |date=2022-09-12 |title=Report shows near-total erasure of Armenian heritage sites |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2022/09/report-shows-near-total-erasure-armenian-heritage-sites |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=Cornell Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> According the report, out of 110 medieval and early modern Armenian monasteries, churches and cemeteries identified from archival sources, 108 were deliberately and systematically destroyed between 1997 and 2011.<ref name=":5" /> In some cases, such as the [[Saint Thomas Monastery of Agulis|Saint Thomas Monastery]] in [[Yuxarı Əylis|Yukhari Aylis]] (Agulis), mosques or other civic buildings were built on the site of the destroyed buildings.<ref name=":5" />

=== Recognition of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus ===
In the late 1990s the [[Supreme Assembly of Nakhchivan|Supreme Assembly]] issued a non-binding declaration recognising the [[Sovereign state|sovereignty]] of the [[List of states with limited recognition|self-proclaimed]] [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]] (TRNC) and calling upon Azerbaijan to do so. While sympathetic to the TRNC, Azerbaijan has not followed suit because doing so could prompt the Republic of Cyprus to [[Nagorno-Karabakh Republic#International status|recognise]] the self-proclaimed [[Nagorno-Karabakh Republic]]. Close relations between Nakhchivan and Turkey probably initiated this recognition.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Cyprus/Overview |title=iExplore.com – Cyprus Overview |access-date=March 10, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115141435/http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Cyprus/Overview |archive-date=January 15, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Europe, the US, Turkey and Azerbaijan recognize the "unrecognized" Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus |agency=[[REGNUM News Agency]] |date=September 22, 2006 |url=http://www.regnum.ru/english/708006.html |access-date=September 22, 2006}}</ref>

== Culture ==
{{main|Culture of Azerbaijan}}
Nakhchivan is one of the cultural centers of Azerbaijan.{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}}{{POV statement|date=December 2021}} In 1923, a musical subgroup was organized at the State Drama Theater (renamed the [[Nakhchivan Music and Drama Theater]] in 1965).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://imp.nakhchivan.az/index.php/pages/2014-03-12-16-16-30|title=Teatrlar|website=imp.nakhchivan.az|access-date=July 8, 2019}}</ref> The [[Aras Song and Dance Ensemble]] (established in 1959) is another famous group. Dramatic performances staged by an amateur dance troupe were held in Nakhchivan in the late 19th century. Theatrical art also greatly contributed to Nakhchivan's culture. The creative work of [[Jalil Mammadguluzadeh]], [[Huseyn Javid]], and [[Huseyn Arablinski]] (the first Azerbaijani theatre director) stemmed from Nakhchivan.<ref name="GreatSoviet" /> The region has also produced noteworthy [[Armenians|Armenian]] artists, too, such as Soviet actress [[Hasmik (actress)|Hasmik Agopyan]]. Nakhchivan has also at times been mentioned in works of literature. World-renowned Soviet composer [[Aram Khachaturian|Aram Khatchaturian]], the Armenian [[Hovnatanian]] painter family, as well as the actor [[Yervand Manaryan]], have shaped the cultural wealth of Nakchivan, too.<ref>{{cite web|title=Family tree|url=http://www.khachaturian.am/eng/tree.htm|access-date=September 25, 2012|publisher=Virtual Museum of Aram Khachaturian}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Akopian|first=Aram|title=Armenians and the World: Yesterday and Today|publisher=Noyan Tapan|year=2001|isbn=9789993051299|location=Yerevan|page=131}}</ref> [[Nizami Ganjavi|Nizami]], the Persian poet, once wrote:

::که تا جایگه یافتی نخچوان
::''Oh Nakhchivan, respect you've attained,''
::بدین شاه شد بخت پیرت جوان
::''With this King in luck you'll remain.''
<gallery mode="packed" heights="100px" widths="170px">
File:Qarabağlar türbə kompleksinin ümumi görünüşü.jpg|[[Garabaghlar Mausoleum]]
File:Palace of Nakhchivan Khans.jpg|[[Palace of Nakhchivan Khans]]
File:Ordubad cümə məscidi ümumi görünüş.jpg|[[Juma Mosque, Ordubad]]
File:Mömünəxatun türbəsi 2018.jpg|[[Momine Khatun Mausoleum]]
File:Nakhichevan Mausoleum.jpg|[[Yusif ibn Kuseyir Mausoleum]]
File:Gülüstan türbəsi bərpadan sonra.jpg|[[Juma Mosque, Ordubad]]
File:Şeyx Xorasan türbəsin.jpg|[[Khanegah tomb]]
</gallery>

== Archaeology ==
The very early [[Kura-Araxes culture]] flourished in Nakhchivan before spreading to many other areas, as far as Palestine. This region reveals the genesis and chronology of this [[Chalcolithic]] and Early Bronze Age culture. [[Kültəpə]] is an important early Chalcolithic site in Nakhchivan. Another such site is [[Makhta Kultepe]]. Recent excavations at [[:Dizə, Sharur#Ovcular Tepesi|Ovcular Tepesi]] allow the dating of the initial stage of formation of Kura-Araxes culture to 4200–3400 BC.<ref>Bakhshaliev V.B. (2013), [http://www.ra.iaran.ru/?page_id=2677&lang=en Proto Kura-Araxes ceramics of Nakhchivan]</ref>

The Naxçivan Archaeological Project is the first-ever joint American-Azerbaijani program of surveys and excavations, that was active since 2006.<ref>[http://oglanqala.net/?page_id=61 Nakhchivan Archaeological Project] oglanqala.net</ref> In 2010–11, they have excavated the large Iron Age fortress of [[Oğlanqala]].<ref>[http://oglanqala.net/?page_id=259 2010 / 2011 Season] oglanqala.net</ref>

In Nakhchivan, there are also numerous archaeological monuments of the early Iron Age, and they shed a lot of light on the cultural, archaeological and agricultural developments of that era. There are important sites such as Ilikligaya, Irinchoy, and the Sanctuary of Iydali Piri in Kangarli region.<ref>[http://www.eurasiareview.com/13012016-archaeological-treasures-of-nakhchivan-oped/ Archaeological Treasures Of Nakhchivan] – OpEd – Eurasia Review 2016</ref>

== Notable people ==
[[File:Heydar Aliyev 1997.jpg|upright|thumb|Heydar Aliyev, former President of Azerbaijan, was born in Nakhchivan.]]

=== Political leaders ===
* [[Heydar Aliyev]], former [[President of Azerbaijan]] (1993–2003).
* [[Abulfaz Elchibey]], former President of Azerbaijan (1992–1993).
* [[Rasul Guliyev]], former speaker of the [[National Assembly of Azerbaijan]] (1993–1996) and opposition leader.
* [[Christapor Mikaelian]], founding member of the [[Armenian Revolutionary Federation]].
* [[Stepan Sapah-Gulian]], leader of the Armenian [[Social Democrat Hunchakian Party]] (19th–20th century).
* [[Garegin Nzhdeh]], famous Armenian revolutionary, military leader and political thinker.
* [[Vasif Talibov]], is the current chairman of the [[Supreme Assembly of Nakhchivan|Supreme Assembly]] of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.

=== Religious leaders ===
* [[Alexander I of Julfa|Alexander Jughaetsi]] (Alexander I of Jugha), [[Catholicos of All Armenians]] (1706–1714).

=== Military leaders ===
* [[Abdurahman Fatalibeyli]], Soviet army major who defected to the German forces during World War II.
* [[Ehsan Khan Nakhchivanski]], Russian military general.
* [[Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski]], Russian [[cavalry]] general and the only [[Muslim]] to serve as [[Adjutant general|General-Adjutant]] of the [[List of Russian rulers|Russian Tsar]].
* [[Ismail Khan Nakhchivanski]], Russian military general.
* [[Kelbali Khan Nakhchivanski]], Russian military general.
* [[Jamshid Nakhichevanski|Jamshid Khan Nakhchivanski]], Soviet and Azerbaijani military general.
* [[Yusif Mirzayev]], [[National Hero of Azerbaijan]].
* [[Maharram Seyidov]], [[National Hero of Azerbaijan]].
* [[Kerim Kerimov (National Hero of Azerbaijan)|Kerim Kerimov]], [[National Hero of Azerbaijan]].
* [[Sayavush Hasanov]], [[National Hero of Azerbaijan]].
* [[Mirasgar Seyidov]], [[National Hero of Azerbaijan]].
* [[Ali Mammadov]], [[National Hero of Azerbaijan]].
* [[Ibrahim Mammadov]], [[National Hero of Azerbaijan]].
* [[Amiraslan Aliyev]], [[National Hero of Azerbaijan]].

=== Writers and poets ===
* [[Huseyn Javid]] Rasizade, poet and playwright.
* [[Jalil Mammadguluzadeh]], writer and satirist.
* [[Mammed Said Ordubadi]], writer.
* [[Mammad Araz]], poet.

=== Scientists ===
* [[Alec (Alirza) Rasizade]], an American professor of history and political science, the author of the '''Rasizade's algorithm'''.
* [[Ruben Orbeli]], Soviet archaeologist, historian and jurist, who was renowned as the founder of Soviet underwater archaeology.

=== Others ===
* [[Bahruz Kangarli]], Azerbaijani painter.
* [[Haji Aliyev]], Wrestling, World and European champion.
* [[Vladimir Makogonov]], chess [[International Master]] and [[Grandmaster (chess)|Grandmaster]].
* [[Ajami Nakhchivani]], architect and founder of the Nakhchivan school of architecture.
* [[Gaik Ovakimian]], Soviet Armenian spy.
* [[Ibrahim Safi]], Turkish artist.
* [[Natavan Gasimova]], volleyball player
* [[Rza Tahmasib]], Azerbaijani film director.

== Gallery ==
<gallery class="center">
Image:Momine Fragment.jpg|Brickwork and faience pattern on the Momine Khatun mausoleum
Image:Nakhichevan02.JPG|Medieval-period ram-shaped grave monuments collected near the Momine Khatun mausoleum
Image:Nakhichevan04.JPG|Ram-shaped grave monument embedded in concrete
Image:Batabat Mountains.jpg|The Batabat region of [[Şahbuz|Shakhbuz]]
Image:Nakhichevan05.jpg|General view of [[Ordubad (city)|Ordubad]] with a range of high mountains in neighboring [[Iran]] in the distance
Image:Nakhichevan06.jpg|Houses in Ordubad photographed near the east bank of Ordubad-chay (also known as the Dubendi stream)
Image:Nakhichevan07.jpg|Narrow streets in Ordubad
Image:Nakhichevan08.jpg|A mosque in a quarter of Ordubad
Image:Jolfa-Aras2.jpg|[[Aras River]] on the Iranian border near Julfa
Image:Nakhichevan09.jpg|Mountainous terrain of Nakhchivan
Image:Julfa-khachkars.jpg|Armenian [[khachkar]] cemetery at [[Julfa, Azerbaijan (city)|Julfa]]
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{portal|Azerbaijan}}

* [[List of Chairmen of the Supreme Majlis of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]]
* [[Nakhchivan Memorial Museum]]
* [[Nakhchivan culture]]
* [[Thamanin]] in [[Southeastern Anatolia Region|southeast Turkey]]

== References ==
;Notes
{{notelist}}

;References
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite book|last1=Floor|first1=Willem M.|title=Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration, by Mirza Naqi Nasiri|date=2008|publisher=Mage Publishers|location=Washington, DC|isbn=978-1933823232|page=248}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite journal |last1=Dan |first1=Roberto |title=Inside the Empire: Some Remarks on the Urartian and Achaemenid Presence in the Autonomous Republic of Nakhchivan |journal=Iran and the Caucasus |date=2014 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=327–344|doi=10.1163/1573384X-20140402 }}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Naxçıvan}}
{{Wikivoyage|Nakhchivan (region)}}
* [http://www.nakhchivan.az/ Official website of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]
* [http://nakhchivan.preslib.az/en.htm Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]
* [http://www.azeri.net/azerbaijan/category/cities/nakhchivan/ Nakhchivan Guide]
* [https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/48703f664f2f467b8f4f42008d8c75da Silent Erasure] - A Satellite Investigation of the Destruction of Armenian Cultural Heritage in Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan
{{Clear}}
{{Nakhchivan}}
{{Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan}}
{{Countries and regions of the Caucasus}}{{Authority control}}
{{coord|39|20|N|45|30|E|region:AZ_type:adm1st|display=title}}



[[Category:Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic| ]]
[[Category:Subdivisions of Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Autonomous republics]]
[[Category:Enclaves and exclaves]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1990]]
[[Category:Armenia–Azerbaijan border]]
[[Category:Azerbaijan–Turkey border]]
[[Category:Azerbaijan–Iran border]]
[[Category:Mount Ararat]]
[[Category:Countries and territories where Azerbaijani is an official language]]

Lachin

2024-05-12T04:04:09Z

RaffiKojian: /* History */ added to wrong section

{{Other places|Lachin (disambiguation)|Laçın (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lachin / Berdzor
| native_name = Laçın / Բերձոր
| image_skyline = Berdzor060.JPG
| image_size = 300px
| pushpin_map = Azerbaijan#East Zangezur
| pushpin_mapsize = 300px
| parts_style = para
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Azerbaijan}}
| subdivision_type1 = {{*}} [[Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Lachin District|Lachin]]
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = Agil Nazarli<ref>{{cite web|title= İcra hakimiyyətinin başçısı|url= http://www.lachin-ih.gov.az/page/20.html|date= |publisher= |website= lachin-ih.gov.az|access-date= 2022-03-03}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2023
| population_total = 793
| population_footnotes = <ref>[https://qafqazinfo.az/news/detail/93-nefer-lacina-yola-dusdu-408857 93 nəfər Laçına yola düşdü]</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[UTC]]
| utc_offset = +4
| coordinates = {{coord|39|38|27|N|46|32|49|E|region:GE-AB|display=inline,title}}
}}

'''Lachin''' ({{lang-az|Laçın}}, {{small|{{Audio|Az-Lachin.ogg|(listen)|help=no}}}}, {{lit|falcon}}; {{lang-hy|Բերձոր|translit=Berdzor}}) is a town in [[Azerbaijan]] and the administrative centre of the [[Lachin District]].<ref name="vendik" /> It is located within the strategic [[Lachin corridor]], which linked the region of [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] with [[Armenia]].<ref name= Cornell>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/971245887|title=The international politics of the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict : the original "frozen conflict" and European security|date=2017|others=Svante E. Cornell|isbn=978-1-137-60006-6|location=New York, NY|oclc=971245887}}</ref>

The town was [[Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh|occupied by Armenian forces]] in 1992, during the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]], and its local [[Azerbaijanis|Azerbaijani]] and [[Kurds in Azerbaijan|Kurdish]] population was expelled, while [[Armenians]] settled in. The town came under the ''[[de facto]]'' control of the [[Political status of Nagorno-Karabakh|breakaway]] [[Republic of Artsakh]], administered as part of its [[Kashatagh Province]]. It came under the supervision of the [[Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh|Russian peacekeeping]] force following the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|ceasefire agreement]] that ended the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war]]. Lachin and the villages of [[Sus, Lachin|Sus]] and [[Zabukh]] were returned under Azerbaijan's control on 26 August 2022 as part of the 2020 ceasefire agreement.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=26 August 2022 |title=Azerbaijani forces are stationed in Lachin, Karabakh: President Aliyev |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/azerbaijani-forces-are-stationed-in-lachin-karabakh-president-aliyev |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
=== Early history ===
[[Cuneiform]] inscriptions dating back to the [[Urartu|Urartian]] period have been found in the caves surrounding the town.<ref>{{cite journal|author= A.E. Movsisyan|title= Damaged Cuneiform Inscription of Berdzor Cave|publisher= [[Yerevan State University]]|journal= Спелеология и спелестология|number= 7|date= 2016|pages= 248–249|url= https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32437250|language= ru}}</ref> The area was first mentioned by Armenian sources as ''Berdadzor'' ({{Lang-hy|Բերդաձոր}}), a canton of the historic [[Artsakh (historic province)|Artsakh province]] of [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Greater Armenia]];<ref name="Atlas2">Hewsen. ''Armenia'', pp. 100–103.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://akunq.net/hy/?p=2195 |title=Մեծ Հայքի վարչական բաժանումը |access-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-date=December 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227011725/http://akunq.net/hy/?p=2195 |url-status=dead }}</ref> it was alternatively transcribed as ''Beradzor'', ''Berdzor'', or ''Berdzork''.<ref>The Dictionary of the toponyms of Armenia and the adjacent regions, Volume 3, Yerevan State University, YSU Publishing House, Yerevan, 1988, p. 665.</ref> The reputed author [[Movses Kaghankatvatsi]] mentions a so-called ''Berdzor horse'' purportedly indigenous to the region, as does [[:hy:Մակար Բարխուդարյան|Makar Barkhudaryan]], an [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Apostolic]] bishop, traveler, [[polymath]], and [[Ethnography|ethnographer]] from [[Shusha]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Barkhudaryan|first=Makar|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44548270|title=Aghuanitsʻ erkir ew dratsʻikʻ ; Artsʻakh|date=1895|publisher=Gandzasar Astuatsabanakan Kentron|isbn=99930-70-01-7|location=Baku|oclc=44548270}}</ref> During the mediaeval period, the town ''Berdzor'' was mentioned as being a part of the Artsakh province within the domain of the [[Bagratid Armenia|Armenian Bagratid Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite journal|last= Minorsky|first= Vladimir|title= Caucasica IV|location= London|publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]|journal= Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London|volume= 15|number= 3|year=1953|pages= 504–529|doi= 10.1017/S0041977X00111462|url= https://kurditi.com/upload/files/2019/05/WBGZKlWMVEGprsSecD76_17_790a02f17f8e039d5deb7d0c56e227ba_file.pdf|jstor= 608652|s2cid= 246637768}}</ref>

[[Jalal al-Din Mangburni]]'s private secretary Shihab ad-Din an-Nasawi referred to the settlement as both Berdadzor and a new name, ''Kaladara''.<ref>Шихаб ад-дин ан-Насави. Сират ас-султан Джалал ад-Дин Манкбурны (ЖИЗНЕОПИСАНИЕ СУЛТАНА ДЖАЛАЛ АД-ДИНА МАНКБУРНЫ), М. 1996, стр. 270</ref>

Berdzor had its own local [[Melik]]s during the 15th-17th centuries and fell under the jurisdiction of the Armenian [[Melikdom of Kashatagh]].<ref name="Карагезян">Карагезян А. К локализации гавара Кашатаг // Вестн. обществ. наук АН АрмССР. 1987. No. 1. С. 44—45.</ref> The Armenian settlement of Berdzor was eventually abandoned. Following the displacement of the Armenian population, the area was then repopulated with [[Kurds in Azerbaijan|Kurdish tribes]].<ref>Шнирельман В.А. Войны памяти: мифы, идентичность и политика в Закавказье. — ИКЦ «Академкнига», 2002. — С. 199. — {{ISBN|5-94628-118-6}}</ref> The modern settlement was built using the stones from the ancient Armenian settlement.<ref>{{cite book|title= Armenian Cultural Monuments in the Region of Karabakh|page= 169|chapter= Berdzor (Lachin)|author-first= Samvel|author-last= Karapetyan|author-link= Samvel Karapetyan (author)|url= http://www.raa-am.com/raa/pdf_files/136.pdf|date= 2001|publisher= "Gitutiun" Publishing House of [[Armenian National Academy of Sciences|NAS RA]]|isbn= 5-8080-0468-3|access-date= May 26, 2021|archive-date= October 19, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211019181544/http://www.raa-am.com/raa/pdf_files/136.pdf|url-status= dead}}</ref>

The town was formerly also known as ''Abdallar'', named after the Turkic [[Äynu people|Abdal tribe]].<ref name="Pospelov">Pospelov, p. 23</ref><ref name="Karapetian">[[Samvel Karapetian|Karapetian, Samvel]]. ''Armenian Cultural Monuments in the Region of Karabagh''. Yerevan: Gitutiun Publishing House, 2001, p. 169.</ref><ref>''Map of Armenia and Adjacent Countries'' by [[H. F. B. Lynch]] and F. Oswald in ''Armenia, Travels and Studies''. London: Longmans, 1901.</ref> In 1914, Abdallar was a small relatively insignificant village of about 124 Tatars.<ref name="calendar">{{Cite book |url=https://www.prlib.ru/item/417320 |title=Кавказский календарь на 1915 год |publisher=Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom |year=1915 |edition=70th |publication-place=Tiflis |pages=82 |language=Russian |trans-title=Caucasian calendar for 1915 |quote=Абдалляръ с., Елис., Занг., ''тр''. 124 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104234033/https://www.prlib.ru/item/417320 |archive-date=4 November 2021}}</ref> It was granted town status in 1923 and then renamed ''Lachin'' (a Turkic first name meaning ''falcon'') in 1926.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc3p/176226 |title=ЛАЧИН |author= |website=dic.academic.ru }}</ref><ref name="Pospelov"/>

In the early 1920s, [[Vladimir Lenin]]'s letter to [[Nariman Narimanov]] "had implied that Lachin was to be included in Azerbaijan, but the authorities in Baku and Yerevan were given promises that were inevitably contradictory."<ref>Alexandre Bennigsen and S. Enders Wimbush. ''Muslims of the Soviet Empire''. C. Hurst & Co Publishers, 1986, pp. 202, 286. {{ISBN|1-85065-009-8}}.</ref>

=== Nagorno-Karabakh conflict ===
==== First Nagorno-Karabakh War ====
{{Main|First Nagorno-Karabakh War}}
{{See also|Battle of Shusha (1992)}}
The town and hinterland of Lachin was the location of severe fighting during the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]] (1990–1994).{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

During May 1992, an Armenian offensive captured the town; as a result, Lachin became a strategic link between Armenia and the [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] region -the [[Lachin corridor]].{{R|name=Cornell|pages=8, 10, 31}} The disfigured bodies of Armenian civilians killed by Azerbaijani soldiers in 1992 were discovered near Lachin on May 28, 1993. The civilians had attempted to flee Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia and were reportedly massacred by the Grey Wolves.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nagorno Karabakh |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/WR94/Helsinki-03.htm |website=[[HRW]]}}</ref>

Following the town's capture by Armenian forces, it was looted and burned.<ref name="guardian">{{cite news |last1=Steele |first1=Jonathan |title=Eyewitness: Armenia's looters follow its troops into Azerbaijan - Tit-for-tat pillage of deserted Lachin succeeds a war that may not yet be over |agency=The Guardian |date=25 May 1992}}</ref> The mainly Azerbaijani population fled and became [[Internally Displaced Person|internally displaced people]]. British reporters witnessed looting and burning in Lachin, with trucks and cars piled high with looted furniture and household utensils moving to Armenia, and big convoys blocking the road. Looters took everything of value, including livestock, before setting houses on fire. An Armenian sergeant said to the British journalists that the looting was done because the Azerbaijanis had previously pillaged 23 villages. Among the Armenian looters there also were civilians from [[Stepanakert]], which had [[Siege of Stepanakert|been shelled by the Azerbaijanis for eight months]] and had been without power and water for several weeks.<ref name="guardian"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Seely |first1=Robert |title=Armenian looters burn down village |agency=The Times |date=25 May 1992 |page=8}}</ref> A Canadian journalist who visited the town a few months later noted that "the destruction is absolute. No building, no home, no school, not a bus shelter has been left unscarred".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brock |first1=Daniel |title=Europe's forgotten war |url=https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1993/8/30/europes-forgotten-war |access-date=26 October 2021 |agency=Maclean's |date=30 August 1993}}</ref>

A Kurdish nationalist organization in the area, the "Caucasian Kurdistan Freedom Movement", proclaimed the establishment of the [[Kurdish Republic of Lachin]], after Armenian troops entered the town. However, most of the local Kurdish population had by then fled, and the attempt quickly proved abortive.

Lachin was then transferred to be administrated by the [[Republic of Artsakh]] as part of its [[Kashatagh Province]]. Artsakh repopulated the city by attracting [[Armenians|ethnic Armenians]] from Armenia and [[Lebanon]].<ref name="vendik">{{Cite web |first=Yuri |last=Vendik |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-54930281 |title=Армяне оставляют Лачин, несмотря на конец войны в Карабахе и прибытие российских миротворцев |date=17 November 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=BBC Russian Service |language=ru }}</ref> According to journalist Onnik Krikorian, although the official statistics claimed that the number of Armenian residents in Lachin was 2200, the actual figure was around fifty per cent less. While some settlers were refugees from Azerbaijan and Karabakh, as well as from the diaspora, Krikorian wrote that most were poor families from Armenia, attracted by the promise of land, livestock and social benefits that averaged 4,000 Armenian drams (about ten US dollars) per child. Krikorian also wrote that the Armenian population was leaving the region due to decreased government funding and the uncertainty of region's status.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Krikorian |first1=Onnik |title=Lachin: The Emptying Lands |url=https://iwpr.net/global-voices/lachin-emptying-lands |access-date=9 November 2021 |agency=IWPR |date=29 September 2006 |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]] [[OSCE Minsk Group|Minsk Group]] co-chairs had noted that "Lachin has been treated as a separate case in previous negotiations." The Lachin corridor and the Kalbajar district had been at the centre of Armenian demands during the Nagorno-Karabakh peace talks with Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.countrywatch.com/facts/facts_default.aspx?type=text&topic=SEANA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928010615/http://www.countrywatch.com/facts/facts_default.aspx?type=text&topic=SEANA|url-status=dead|title=Home Page - CountryWatch|archive-date=September 28, 2007|website=www.countrywatch.com}}</ref>

On 16 June 2015 the [[European Court of Human Rights]] passed a judgement in the case of ''[[Chiragov and Others v. Armenia]]'', which concerned the complaints by six Azerbaijani ethnically-[[Kurds|Kurdish]] refugees that they were unable to return to their homes and property in the district of Lachin, in Azerbaijan, from where they had been forced to flee in 1992 during the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh. The Court confirmed that Armenia exercised effective control over Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding territories and thus had de facto jurisdiction over the district of Lachin. The Court also found that the denial by the Armenian government of access to the applicants’ homes constituted an unjustified interference with their right to respect for their private and family lives as well as their homes.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Press release issued by the Registrar of the Court|title=Azerbaijani refugees' rights violated by lack of access to their property located in district controlled by Armenia|url=http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/webservices/content/pdf/003-5110589-6301087|website=European Court of Human Rights|access-date=21 June 2015}}</ref>

==== 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war ====
{{Main|2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war}}
Following the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|ceasefire agreement]] that ended the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war]], the [[Lachin District]] was returned to Azerbaijan on 1 December.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 December 2020|title=Азербайджан взял под контроль Лачин спустя 28 лет|url=https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/357087/|access-date=1 December 2020|work=[[Caucasian Knot]]|language=ru}}</ref> Today, Russian peacekeepers continue to secure safe passage through the [[Lachin corridor]].<ref name="BBC Azerbaijani Service">{{Cite web|date=1 December 2020|title=Rusiya Müdafiə Nazirliyi: Laçın dəhlizində hərəkətə sülhməramlılar nəzarət edir|url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc5d44065be0302b81c5174%26Rusiya%20M%C3%BCdafi%C9%99%20Nazirliyi%3A%20La%C3%A7%C4%B1n%20d%C9%99hlizind%C9%99%20h%C9%99r%C9%99k%C9%99t%C9%99%20s%C3%BClhm%C9%99raml%C4%B1lar%20n%C9%99zar%C9%99t%20edir%262020-12-01T05%3A31%3A34.947Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:04ce8c76-c12d-4840-b332-7e7b989d48a5&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc5d44065be0302b81c5174&pinned_post_type=share|access-date=1 December 2020|work=BBC Azerbaijani Service|language=az}}</ref> However, the unclear and unstable situation in the region have caused many Armenians to evacuate from the city.<ref name="vendik" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=30 November 2020|title=Azerbaijani troops enter Lachin district in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://tass.com/world/1229757|access-date=1 December 2020|work=TASS}}</ref>

The Artsakh mayor of Lachin, Narek Aleksanyan, first called on the ethnic Armenian population of the town to evacuate. However, later Aleksanyan stated that the agreement had been changed and that Lachin, [[Sus, Lachin|Sus]], and [[Zabukh]] which are located inside the [[Lachin corridor]] would not be handed over to Azerbaijan, urging the Armenian population to stay in their homes. Despite Aleksanyan's calls, the vast majority of Armenians in Lachin, as well as Lebanese-Armenians in Zabukh fled the region.<ref name=bbcnov30/><ref name="armenpress.am">{{cite web|author= Van Novikov|editor= Stepan Kocharyan|title= Berdzor mayor presents details amid vague situation|url= https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1036360/D090D180D0BCD0B5D0BDD0BFD180D0B5D181D181|date= December 1, 2020|publisher= [[Armenpress]]|website= armenpress.am|access-date= November 16, 2021}}</ref>
Azerbaijani MP [[:az:Zahid Oruc|Zahid Oruj]], the chairman of the Center for Social Research, which is linked to the Azerbaijani government, denied that the Lachin District would not be handed over in its entirety.<ref name=bbcnov30>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55136684 |title=Laçın şəhəri ermənilərdəmi qalır? Ermənilərə belə deyilib, amma onlar şəhəri tərk edir |date=30 November 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref>

On December 1, Azerbaijani forces, with tanks and a column of trucks, entered the district,<ref name="enteredlachin">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijani-forces-enter-third-district-under-nagorno-karabakh-truce/30977052.html |title=Azerbaijani Forces Enter Third District Under Nagorno-Karabakh Truce |language=en |author= |date=1 December 2020 |website=[[RFERL.org]] |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] }}</ref> and the Azerbaijani MoD released footage from the Lachin district.<ref name="footage">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc5de8165be0302b81c5176%26Az%C9%99rbaycan%20M%C3%BCdafi%C9%99%20Nazirliyi%20La%C3%A7%C4%B1nda%20d%C3%B6vl%C9%99t%20bayra%C4%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1n%20as%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1%20bar%C9%99d%C9%99%20video%20yay%C4%B1b%262020-12-01T06%3A12%3A11.913Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:7dd33a7e-7937-4723-b44a-b50d644a41a1&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc5de8165be0302b81c5176&pinned_post_type=share |title=Azərbaycan Müdafiə Nazirliyi Laçında dövlət bayrağının asılması barədə video yayıb |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref>
On December 3, the Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence released video footage from the town of Lachin.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.facebook.com/1085101198213262/posts/3774689835921038/?d=n |title= Laçın şəhərinin videogörüntüləri|website= [[Facebook]]}}</ref>

Following the ceasefire, only around 200 Armenians remained in the [[Lachin corridor]], with 100–120 of them being in Lachin.<ref name=hetq>{{cite web |url=https://hetq.am/hy/article/127779 |title=Փոքրաթիվ հայեր դեռևս բնակվում են Քաշաթաղում, բայց դա ռուսների քմահաճույքով է պայմանավորված |author=Sara Petrosyan |date=22 February 2021 |website=hetq.am |publisher=Hetq |access-date=23 February 2021 |quote=}}</ref>

=== Return to Azerbaijan ===
According to the president of Azerbaijan [[Ilham Aliyev]], a new corridor was going to be built in the region as the Lachin corridor passes through the city of Lachin, and when this corridor is ready, the city will be returned to the Azerbaijani administration.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 December 2020|title=İlham Əliyev: "Yeni dəhliz hazır olandan sonra Laçın şəhəri bizə qaytarılacaq"|url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc6011f65be0302b81c5196%26%C4%B0lham%20%C6%8Fliyev%3A%20%22Yeni%20d%C9%99hliz%20haz%C4%B1r%20olandan%20sonra%20La%C3%A7%C4%B1n%20%C5%9F%C9%99h%C9%99ri%20biz%C9%99%20qaytar%C4%B1lacaq%22%262020-12-01T08%3A41%3A47.987Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:2b98175b-1f04-466c-b371-e8b43196ccbb&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc6011f65be0302b81c5196&pinned_post_type=share|access-date=4 December 2020|work=BBC Azerbaijani Service|language=az}}</ref>

In August 2022, Azerbaijan built its part of the road around Lachin, while Armenia did not yet. On 2 August, the local Armenian authorities reported that the Azerbaijani side had conveyed to them a demand to organise communication with Armenia along a different route, bypassing the existing one.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-62406823 Обострение в Нагорном Карабахе: что происходит и почему это важно]</ref> Following the [[2021–2022_Armenia–Azerbaijan_border_crisis#August_2022|renewed clashes around Lachin]], Secretary of the Security Council of Armenia, Armen Grigoryan, stated that Azerbaijan's demand for the Lachin corridor was unlawful, since the Armenian side has not yet agreed to any plan for the construction of a new road. Azerbaijan accused Armenia of delaying the construction of its part of the road, while the part for which Azerbaijan was responsible had already been built. On 4 August, the Minister of Territorial Administration and Infrastructure of Armenia, Gnel Sanosyan, stated that the construction of an alternative road to Lachin was actively underway and would be completed the spring of 2023.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-62463601 Новая война в Карабахе? В Баку и Ереване винят друг друга и оглядываются на Москву]</ref> On 5 August, local Armenian authorities told the residents of Lachin, as well as [[Zabukh]] and [[Sus, Lachin|Sus]], to leave their homes by 25 August, after which the towns would be handed over to Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-05 |title=Lachin residents given 20 days to leave homes ahead of Azerbaijan handover |url=https://oc-media.org/lachin-residents-given-20-days-to-leave-homes-ahead-of-azerbaijan-handover/ |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=OC Media |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>[https://www.aysor.am/ru/news/2022/08/05/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80/1994576 Айк Ханумян предупредил жителей Ахавно и Бердзора, что до 25 августа они должны покинуть свои дома – главы общин]</ref> Some of the Armenian inhabitants burned their houses down.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Узел |first=Кавказский |title=Азербайджанские пожарные прибыли в Лачин после поджогов армянами своих домов |url=https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/380349/ |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=Кавказский Узел}}</ref> As of 26 August, Azerbaijan regained control of the town and the villages Sus and Zabukh in the Lachin corridor.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=26 August 2022 |title=Azerbaijani forces are stationed in Lachin, Karabakh: President Aliyev |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/azerbaijani-forces-are-stationed-in-lachin-karabakh-president-aliyev |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}</ref>

In May 2024, satellite imagery showed that the Armenian church of St. Ascension had been completely demolished by the Azerbaijani government, with no trace of it left.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ghazanchyan |first1=Siranush |title=Azerbaijanis completely destroy Holy Ascension Church in Berdzor |url=https://en.armradio.am/2024/05/11/azerbaijanis-completely-destroy-st-ascension-church-in-berdzor/ |website=Public Radio of Armenia |publisher=Public Radio of Armenia |access-date=12 May 2024}}</ref>

== Geography ==
The town is scenically built on the side of a mountain on the left bank of the river [[Hakari (river)|Hakari]].<ref>[http://bse.sci-lib.com/article068993.html Лачин], [[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]</ref>

== Economy and culture ==
{{update section|date=November 2023}}
As of 2015, the population is mainly engaged in different state institutions. The town has a municipal building, a regional hospital, four dental clinics, two secondary schools, the Berdzor Music School and the Berdzor Art and Sports School, and a kindergarten.<ref name="2015statistics">{{Cite web|url=https://artsakhlib.am/en/2018/06/06/%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82-%D5%AC%D5%B2%D5%B0-%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8/|title=Directory of socio-economic characteristics of NKR administrative-territorial units (2015)|author=Hakob Ghahramanyan}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Population
! Ethnic groups
! Source
|-
|1907
|145
|Mostly Tatars (later known as Azerbaijanis)
|''Caucasian Calendar''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.prlib.ru/item/417314 |title=Кавказский календарь на 1910 год |publisher=Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom |year=1910 |edition=65th |publication-place=Tiflis |pages=170 |language=Russian |trans-title=Caucasian calendar for 1910 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315211448/https://www.prlib.ru/item/417314 |archive-date=15 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 1914
| 124
| Mostly Tatars
| ''Caucasian Calendar''<ref name= calendar/>
|-
| 1926
| 435
| 37.7% Turks (Azerbaijanis), 25.3% Kurds, 15.2% Armenians, 13.1% Russians
| Soviet census<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/kurdistan26.html|title=Курдистанский уезд 1926|author=|date=|website=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru}}</ref>
|-
| 1939
| 1,063
| 80.7% Azerbaijani, 11.6% Armenians, 6.4% Russians
| Soviet census<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/lachin39.html|title=Лачинский район 1939|website=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru}}</ref>
|-
| 1959
| 2,329
| 94.5% Azerbaijani, 4.3% Armenians 1% Russians
| Soviet census<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/lachin59.html|title=Лачинский район 1959|website=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru}}</ref>
|-
| 1970
| 4,990
| 95% Azerbaijani, 2.7% Russians & Ukrainians, 1.1% Armenians
| Soviet census<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/lachin70.html|title=Лачинский район 1970|website=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru}}</ref>
|-
| 1979
| 6,073
| 99.1% Azerbaijani
| Soviet census<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/lachin79.html|title=Лачинский район 1979|website=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru}}</ref>
|-
| 1989
| 7,829
|
| Soviet census<ref>{{cite web|url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng89_reg1.php|title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей.|website=demoscope.ru}}</ref>
|-
| 2005
| 2,190
| ~100% Armenian
| NKR census<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://census.stat-nkr.am/nkr/1-1.pdf |title=Census data |access-date=April 26, 2011 |archive-date=March 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302100506/http://census.stat-nkr.am/nkr/1-1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| 1,900
| ~100% Armenian
| NKR estimate<ref name="2015 est">{{cite web|title=Urban communities of the NKR|url=http://stat-nkr.am/files/publications/2015/LXH_tverov_2015.pdf|website=stat-nkr.am|publisher=National Statistical Service of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic|page=13|date=1 January 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| 100–120
| ~100% Armenian
|
|}

== Twin cities ==
Lachin is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
* {{Flagicon|United States}} [[Highland, California|Highland]], [[California]] (only as ''Berdzor'' of the former ''Republic of Artsakh'')<ref>"[http://en.ria.ru/world/20131206/185319223/Azerbaijan-Protests-California-Towns-Recognition-of-Nagorno-Karabakh.html Azerbaijan Protests California Town’s Recognition of Nagorno-Karabakh]." ''[[RIA Novosti]]''. December 6, 2013.</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="120">
File:Berdzor058.JPG|View of the town
File:Berdzor057.JPG|Former WW2 memorial turned into [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]] memorial
File:Berdzor062.JPG|Playground in the town
File:Berdzor046.JPG|View of part of Lachin
File:Berdzor001.JPG|Road in Lachin
File:Berdzor049.JPG|Building of Armenian mobile operator company
File:Սուրբ Հարություն եկեղեցի, Բերձոր - Holy Resurrection Church, Berdzor.jpg|Holy Ascension Church in Berdzor, opened in 1998
</gallery>

== References ==
=== Notes ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
* Е. М. Поспелов (Ye. M. Pospelov). "Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь." (City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary." Москва, "Русские словари", 1993.

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061027173537/http://oneworld.blogsome.com/2006/09/04/lachin-2000-03-gallery/ Pictures of Lachin]
* Onnik Krikorian, [https://eurasianet.org/armenias-strategic-lachin-corridor-confronts-a-demographic-crisis Armenia’s Strategic Lachin Corridor Confronts a Demographic Crisis], eurasianet.org, Sep 15, 2006.
* [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Lachin More information about Lachin from Armeniapedia.com]
* {{cite web |url=http://www.travel-images.com/az-lachin.html |title=Lachin |access-date=2007-02-04 |work=Azerb.com}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.armenianhistory.info/artsakh3.htm |title=History of Artsakh (Part 3) |access-date=May 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901234226/http://www.armenianhistory.info/artsakh3.htm |archive-date=September 1, 2009 |url-status=dead }}
* {{GEOnet2|32FA881505853774E0440003BA962ED3|Lachin (as Laçın)}}

{{Kashatagh Region}}
{{Lachin Rayon}}
{{Administrative divisions of Artsakh}}
{{Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|Geography}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2015}}

[[Category:Populated places in Kashatagh Province]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in the Republic of Artsakh]]
[[Category:Populated places in Lachin District]]
[[Category:Villages in Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Armenia–Azerbaijan border]]
[[Category:First Nagorno-Karabakh War]]

Lachin

2024-05-12T04:03:02Z

RaffiKojian: /* Nagorno-Karabakh conflict */ destruction of Armenian church

{{Other places|Lachin (disambiguation)|Laçın (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lachin / Berdzor
| native_name = Laçın / Բերձոր
| image_skyline = Berdzor060.JPG
| image_size = 300px
| pushpin_map = Azerbaijan#East Zangezur
| pushpin_mapsize = 300px
| parts_style = para
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Azerbaijan}}
| subdivision_type1 = {{*}} [[Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Lachin District|Lachin]]
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = Agil Nazarli<ref>{{cite web|title= İcra hakimiyyətinin başçısı|url= http://www.lachin-ih.gov.az/page/20.html|date= |publisher= |website= lachin-ih.gov.az|access-date= 2022-03-03}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2023
| population_total = 793
| population_footnotes = <ref>[https://qafqazinfo.az/news/detail/93-nefer-lacina-yola-dusdu-408857 93 nəfər Laçına yola düşdü]</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[UTC]]
| utc_offset = +4
| coordinates = {{coord|39|38|27|N|46|32|49|E|region:GE-AB|display=inline,title}}
}}

'''Lachin''' ({{lang-az|Laçın}}, {{small|{{Audio|Az-Lachin.ogg|(listen)|help=no}}}}, {{lit|falcon}}; {{lang-hy|Բերձոր|translit=Berdzor}}) is a town in [[Azerbaijan]] and the administrative centre of the [[Lachin District]].<ref name="vendik" /> It is located within the strategic [[Lachin corridor]], which linked the region of [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] with [[Armenia]].<ref name= Cornell>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/971245887|title=The international politics of the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict : the original "frozen conflict" and European security|date=2017|others=Svante E. Cornell|isbn=978-1-137-60006-6|location=New York, NY|oclc=971245887}}</ref>

The town was [[Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh|occupied by Armenian forces]] in 1992, during the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]], and its local [[Azerbaijanis|Azerbaijani]] and [[Kurds in Azerbaijan|Kurdish]] population was expelled, while [[Armenians]] settled in. The town came under the ''[[de facto]]'' control of the [[Political status of Nagorno-Karabakh|breakaway]] [[Republic of Artsakh]], administered as part of its [[Kashatagh Province]]. It came under the supervision of the [[Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh|Russian peacekeeping]] force following the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|ceasefire agreement]] that ended the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war]]. Lachin and the villages of [[Sus, Lachin|Sus]] and [[Zabukh]] were returned under Azerbaijan's control on 26 August 2022 as part of the 2020 ceasefire agreement.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=26 August 2022 |title=Azerbaijani forces are stationed in Lachin, Karabakh: President Aliyev |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/azerbaijani-forces-are-stationed-in-lachin-karabakh-president-aliyev |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
=== Early history ===
[[Cuneiform]] inscriptions dating back to the [[Urartu|Urartian]] period have been found in the caves surrounding the town.<ref>{{cite journal|author= A.E. Movsisyan|title= Damaged Cuneiform Inscription of Berdzor Cave|publisher= [[Yerevan State University]]|journal= Спелеология и спелестология|number= 7|date= 2016|pages= 248–249|url= https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32437250|language= ru}}</ref> The area was first mentioned by Armenian sources as ''Berdadzor'' ({{Lang-hy|Բերդաձոր}}), a canton of the historic [[Artsakh (historic province)|Artsakh province]] of [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Greater Armenia]];<ref name="Atlas2">Hewsen. ''Armenia'', pp. 100–103.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://akunq.net/hy/?p=2195 |title=Մեծ Հայքի վարչական բաժանումը |access-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-date=December 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227011725/http://akunq.net/hy/?p=2195 |url-status=dead }}</ref> it was alternatively transcribed as ''Beradzor'', ''Berdzor'', or ''Berdzork''.<ref>The Dictionary of the toponyms of Armenia and the adjacent regions, Volume 3, Yerevan State University, YSU Publishing House, Yerevan, 1988, p. 665.</ref> The reputed author [[Movses Kaghankatvatsi]] mentions a so-called ''Berdzor horse'' purportedly indigenous to the region, as does [[:hy:Մակար Բարխուդարյան|Makar Barkhudaryan]], an [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Apostolic]] bishop, traveler, [[polymath]], and [[Ethnography|ethnographer]] from [[Shusha]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Barkhudaryan|first=Makar|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44548270|title=Aghuanitsʻ erkir ew dratsʻikʻ ; Artsʻakh|date=1895|publisher=Gandzasar Astuatsabanakan Kentron|isbn=99930-70-01-7|location=Baku|oclc=44548270}}</ref> During the mediaeval period, the town ''Berdzor'' was mentioned as being a part of the Artsakh province within the domain of the [[Bagratid Armenia|Armenian Bagratid Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite journal|last= Minorsky|first= Vladimir|title= Caucasica IV|location= London|publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]]|journal= Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London|volume= 15|number= 3|year=1953|pages= 504–529|doi= 10.1017/S0041977X00111462|url= https://kurditi.com/upload/files/2019/05/WBGZKlWMVEGprsSecD76_17_790a02f17f8e039d5deb7d0c56e227ba_file.pdf|jstor= 608652|s2cid= 246637768}}</ref>

[[Jalal al-Din Mangburni]]'s private secretary Shihab ad-Din an-Nasawi referred to the settlement as both Berdadzor and a new name, ''Kaladara''.<ref>Шихаб ад-дин ан-Насави. Сират ас-султан Джалал ад-Дин Манкбурны (ЖИЗНЕОПИСАНИЕ СУЛТАНА ДЖАЛАЛ АД-ДИНА МАНКБУРНЫ), М. 1996, стр. 270</ref>

Berdzor had its own local [[Melik]]s during the 15th-17th centuries and fell under the jurisdiction of the Armenian [[Melikdom of Kashatagh]].<ref name="Карагезян">Карагезян А. К локализации гавара Кашатаг // Вестн. обществ. наук АН АрмССР. 1987. No. 1. С. 44—45.</ref> The Armenian settlement of Berdzor was eventually abandoned. Following the displacement of the Armenian population, the area was then repopulated with [[Kurds in Azerbaijan|Kurdish tribes]].<ref>Шнирельман В.А. Войны памяти: мифы, идентичность и политика в Закавказье. — ИКЦ «Академкнига», 2002. — С. 199. — {{ISBN|5-94628-118-6}}</ref> The modern settlement was built using the stones from the ancient Armenian settlement.<ref>{{cite book|title= Armenian Cultural Monuments in the Region of Karabakh|page= 169|chapter= Berdzor (Lachin)|author-first= Samvel|author-last= Karapetyan|author-link= Samvel Karapetyan (author)|url= http://www.raa-am.com/raa/pdf_files/136.pdf|date= 2001|publisher= "Gitutiun" Publishing House of [[Armenian National Academy of Sciences|NAS RA]]|isbn= 5-8080-0468-3|access-date= May 26, 2021|archive-date= October 19, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211019181544/http://www.raa-am.com/raa/pdf_files/136.pdf|url-status= dead}}</ref>

The town was formerly also known as ''Abdallar'', named after the Turkic [[Äynu people|Abdal tribe]].<ref name="Pospelov">Pospelov, p. 23</ref><ref name="Karapetian">[[Samvel Karapetian|Karapetian, Samvel]]. ''Armenian Cultural Monuments in the Region of Karabagh''. Yerevan: Gitutiun Publishing House, 2001, p. 169.</ref><ref>''Map of Armenia and Adjacent Countries'' by [[H. F. B. Lynch]] and F. Oswald in ''Armenia, Travels and Studies''. London: Longmans, 1901.</ref> In 1914, Abdallar was a small relatively insignificant village of about 124 Tatars.<ref name="calendar">{{Cite book |url=https://www.prlib.ru/item/417320 |title=Кавказский календарь на 1915 год |publisher=Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom |year=1915 |edition=70th |publication-place=Tiflis |pages=82 |language=Russian |trans-title=Caucasian calendar for 1915 |quote=Абдалляръ с., Елис., Занг., ''тр''. 124 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104234033/https://www.prlib.ru/item/417320 |archive-date=4 November 2021}}</ref> It was granted town status in 1923 and then renamed ''Lachin'' (a Turkic first name meaning ''falcon'') in 1926.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc3p/176226 |title=ЛАЧИН |author= |website=dic.academic.ru }}</ref><ref name="Pospelov"/>

In the early 1920s, [[Vladimir Lenin]]'s letter to [[Nariman Narimanov]] "had implied that Lachin was to be included in Azerbaijan, but the authorities in Baku and Yerevan were given promises that were inevitably contradictory."<ref>Alexandre Bennigsen and S. Enders Wimbush. ''Muslims of the Soviet Empire''. C. Hurst & Co Publishers, 1986, pp. 202, 286. {{ISBN|1-85065-009-8}}.</ref>

=== Nagorno-Karabakh conflict ===
==== First Nagorno-Karabakh War ====
{{Main|First Nagorno-Karabakh War}}
{{See also|Battle of Shusha (1992)}}
The town and hinterland of Lachin was the location of severe fighting during the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]] (1990–1994).{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

During May 1992, an Armenian offensive captured the town; as a result, Lachin became a strategic link between Armenia and the [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] region -the [[Lachin corridor]].{{R|name=Cornell|pages=8, 10, 31}} The disfigured bodies of Armenian civilians killed by Azerbaijani soldiers in 1992 were discovered near Lachin on May 28, 1993. The civilians had attempted to flee Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia and were reportedly massacred by the Grey Wolves.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nagorno Karabakh |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/WR94/Helsinki-03.htm |website=[[HRW]]}}</ref>

Following the town's capture by Armenian forces, it was looted and burned.<ref name="guardian">{{cite news |last1=Steele |first1=Jonathan |title=Eyewitness: Armenia's looters follow its troops into Azerbaijan - Tit-for-tat pillage of deserted Lachin succeeds a war that may not yet be over |agency=The Guardian |date=25 May 1992}}</ref> The mainly Azerbaijani population fled and became [[Internally Displaced Person|internally displaced people]]. British reporters witnessed looting and burning in Lachin, with trucks and cars piled high with looted furniture and household utensils moving to Armenia, and big convoys blocking the road. Looters took everything of value, including livestock, before setting houses on fire. An Armenian sergeant said to the British journalists that the looting was done because the Azerbaijanis had previously pillaged 23 villages. Among the Armenian looters there also were civilians from [[Stepanakert]], which had [[Siege of Stepanakert|been shelled by the Azerbaijanis for eight months]] and had been without power and water for several weeks.<ref name="guardian"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Seely |first1=Robert |title=Armenian looters burn down village |agency=The Times |date=25 May 1992 |page=8}}</ref> A Canadian journalist who visited the town a few months later noted that "the destruction is absolute. No building, no home, no school, not a bus shelter has been left unscarred".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brock |first1=Daniel |title=Europe's forgotten war |url=https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1993/8/30/europes-forgotten-war |access-date=26 October 2021 |agency=Maclean's |date=30 August 1993}}</ref>

A Kurdish nationalist organization in the area, the "Caucasian Kurdistan Freedom Movement", proclaimed the establishment of the [[Kurdish Republic of Lachin]], after Armenian troops entered the town. However, most of the local Kurdish population had by then fled, and the attempt quickly proved abortive.

Lachin was then transferred to be administrated by the [[Republic of Artsakh]] as part of its [[Kashatagh Province]]. Artsakh repopulated the city by attracting [[Armenians|ethnic Armenians]] from Armenia and [[Lebanon]].<ref name="vendik">{{Cite web |first=Yuri |last=Vendik |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-54930281 |title=Армяне оставляют Лачин, несмотря на конец войны в Карабахе и прибытие российских миротворцев |date=17 November 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=BBC Russian Service |language=ru }}</ref> According to journalist Onnik Krikorian, although the official statistics claimed that the number of Armenian residents in Lachin was 2200, the actual figure was around fifty per cent less. While some settlers were refugees from Azerbaijan and Karabakh, as well as from the diaspora, Krikorian wrote that most were poor families from Armenia, attracted by the promise of land, livestock and social benefits that averaged 4,000 Armenian drams (about ten US dollars) per child. Krikorian also wrote that the Armenian population was leaving the region due to decreased government funding and the uncertainty of region's status.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Krikorian |first1=Onnik |title=Lachin: The Emptying Lands |url=https://iwpr.net/global-voices/lachin-emptying-lands |access-date=9 November 2021 |agency=IWPR |date=29 September 2006 |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]] [[OSCE Minsk Group|Minsk Group]] co-chairs had noted that "Lachin has been treated as a separate case in previous negotiations." The Lachin corridor and the Kalbajar district had been at the centre of Armenian demands during the Nagorno-Karabakh peace talks with Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.countrywatch.com/facts/facts_default.aspx?type=text&topic=SEANA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928010615/http://www.countrywatch.com/facts/facts_default.aspx?type=text&topic=SEANA|url-status=dead|title=Home Page - CountryWatch|archive-date=September 28, 2007|website=www.countrywatch.com}}</ref>

On 16 June 2015 the [[European Court of Human Rights]] passed a judgement in the case of ''[[Chiragov and Others v. Armenia]]'', which concerned the complaints by six Azerbaijani ethnically-[[Kurds|Kurdish]] refugees that they were unable to return to their homes and property in the district of Lachin, in Azerbaijan, from where they had been forced to flee in 1992 during the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh. The Court confirmed that Armenia exercised effective control over Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding territories and thus had de facto jurisdiction over the district of Lachin. The Court also found that the denial by the Armenian government of access to the applicants’ homes constituted an unjustified interference with their right to respect for their private and family lives as well as their homes.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Press release issued by the Registrar of the Court|title=Azerbaijani refugees' rights violated by lack of access to their property located in district controlled by Armenia|url=http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/webservices/content/pdf/003-5110589-6301087|website=European Court of Human Rights|access-date=21 June 2015}}</ref>

==== 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war ====
{{Main|2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war}}
Following the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|ceasefire agreement]] that ended the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war]], the [[Lachin District]] was returned to Azerbaijan on 1 December.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 December 2020|title=Азербайджан взял под контроль Лачин спустя 28 лет|url=https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/357087/|access-date=1 December 2020|work=[[Caucasian Knot]]|language=ru}}</ref> Today, Russian peacekeepers continue to secure safe passage through the [[Lachin corridor]].<ref name="BBC Azerbaijani Service">{{Cite web|date=1 December 2020|title=Rusiya Müdafiə Nazirliyi: Laçın dəhlizində hərəkətə sülhməramlılar nəzarət edir|url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc5d44065be0302b81c5174%26Rusiya%20M%C3%BCdafi%C9%99%20Nazirliyi%3A%20La%C3%A7%C4%B1n%20d%C9%99hlizind%C9%99%20h%C9%99r%C9%99k%C9%99t%C9%99%20s%C3%BClhm%C9%99raml%C4%B1lar%20n%C9%99zar%C9%99t%20edir%262020-12-01T05%3A31%3A34.947Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:04ce8c76-c12d-4840-b332-7e7b989d48a5&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc5d44065be0302b81c5174&pinned_post_type=share|access-date=1 December 2020|work=BBC Azerbaijani Service|language=az}}</ref> However, the unclear and unstable situation in the region have caused many Armenians to evacuate from the city.<ref name="vendik" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=30 November 2020|title=Azerbaijani troops enter Lachin district in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://tass.com/world/1229757|access-date=1 December 2020|work=TASS}}</ref>

The Artsakh mayor of Lachin, Narek Aleksanyan, first called on the ethnic Armenian population of the town to evacuate. However, later Aleksanyan stated that the agreement had been changed and that Lachin, [[Sus, Lachin|Sus]], and [[Zabukh]] which are located inside the [[Lachin corridor]] would not be handed over to Azerbaijan, urging the Armenian population to stay in their homes. Despite Aleksanyan's calls, the vast majority of Armenians in Lachin, as well as Lebanese-Armenians in Zabukh fled the region.<ref name=bbcnov30/><ref name="armenpress.am">{{cite web|author= Van Novikov|editor= Stepan Kocharyan|title= Berdzor mayor presents details amid vague situation|url= https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1036360/D090D180D0BCD0B5D0BDD0BFD180D0B5D181D181|date= December 1, 2020|publisher= [[Armenpress]]|website= armenpress.am|access-date= November 16, 2021}}</ref>
Azerbaijani MP [[:az:Zahid Oruc|Zahid Oruj]], the chairman of the Center for Social Research, which is linked to the Azerbaijani government, denied that the Lachin District would not be handed over in its entirety.<ref name=bbcnov30>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55136684 |title=Laçın şəhəri ermənilərdəmi qalır? Ermənilərə belə deyilib, amma onlar şəhəri tərk edir |date=30 November 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref>

On December 1, Azerbaijani forces, with tanks and a column of trucks, entered the district,<ref name="enteredlachin">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijani-forces-enter-third-district-under-nagorno-karabakh-truce/30977052.html |title=Azerbaijani Forces Enter Third District Under Nagorno-Karabakh Truce |language=en |author= |date=1 December 2020 |website=[[RFERL.org]] |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] }}</ref> and the Azerbaijani MoD released footage from the Lachin district.<ref name="footage">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc5de8165be0302b81c5176%26Az%C9%99rbaycan%20M%C3%BCdafi%C9%99%20Nazirliyi%20La%C3%A7%C4%B1nda%20d%C3%B6vl%C9%99t%20bayra%C4%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1n%20as%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1%20bar%C9%99d%C9%99%20video%20yay%C4%B1b%262020-12-01T06%3A12%3A11.913Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:7dd33a7e-7937-4723-b44a-b50d644a41a1&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc5de8165be0302b81c5176&pinned_post_type=share |title=Azərbaycan Müdafiə Nazirliyi Laçında dövlət bayrağının asılması barədə video yayıb |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref>
On December 3, the Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence released video footage from the town of Lachin.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.facebook.com/1085101198213262/posts/3774689835921038/?d=n |title= Laçın şəhərinin videogörüntüləri|website= [[Facebook]]}}</ref>

Following the ceasefire, only around 200 Armenians remained in the [[Lachin corridor]], with 100–120 of them being in Lachin.<ref name=hetq>{{cite web |url=https://hetq.am/hy/article/127779 |title=Փոքրաթիվ հայեր դեռևս բնակվում են Քաշաթաղում, բայց դա ռուսների քմահաճույքով է պայմանավորված |author=Sara Petrosyan |date=22 February 2021 |website=hetq.am |publisher=Hetq |access-date=23 February 2021 |quote=}}</ref>

In May 2024, satellite imagery showed that the Armenian church of St. Ascension had been completely demolished by the Azerbaijani government, with no trace of it left.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ghazanchyan |first1=Siranush |title=Azerbaijanis completely destroy St. Ascension Church in Berdzor |url=https://en.armradio.am/2024/05/11/azerbaijanis-completely-destroy-st-ascension-church-in-berdzor/ |website=Public Radio of Armenia |publisher=Public Radio of Armenia |access-date=12 May 2024}}</ref>

=== Return to Azerbaijan ===
According to the president of Azerbaijan [[Ilham Aliyev]], a new corridor was going to be built in the region as the Lachin corridor passes through the city of Lachin, and when this corridor is ready, the city will be returned to the Azerbaijani administration.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 December 2020|title=İlham Əliyev: "Yeni dəhliz hazır olandan sonra Laçın şəhəri bizə qaytarılacaq"|url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc6011f65be0302b81c5196%26%C4%B0lham%20%C6%8Fliyev%3A%20%22Yeni%20d%C9%99hliz%20haz%C4%B1r%20olandan%20sonra%20La%C3%A7%C4%B1n%20%C5%9F%C9%99h%C9%99ri%20biz%C9%99%20qaytar%C4%B1lacaq%22%262020-12-01T08%3A41%3A47.987Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:2b98175b-1f04-466c-b371-e8b43196ccbb&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc6011f65be0302b81c5196&pinned_post_type=share|access-date=4 December 2020|work=BBC Azerbaijani Service|language=az}}</ref>

In August 2022, Azerbaijan built its part of the road around Lachin, while Armenia did not yet. On 2 August, the local Armenian authorities reported that the Azerbaijani side had conveyed to them a demand to organise communication with Armenia along a different route, bypassing the existing one.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-62406823 Обострение в Нагорном Карабахе: что происходит и почему это важно]</ref> Following the [[2021–2022_Armenia–Azerbaijan_border_crisis#August_2022|renewed clashes around Lachin]], Secretary of the Security Council of Armenia, Armen Grigoryan, stated that Azerbaijan's demand for the Lachin corridor was unlawful, since the Armenian side has not yet agreed to any plan for the construction of a new road. Azerbaijan accused Armenia of delaying the construction of its part of the road, while the part for which Azerbaijan was responsible had already been built. On 4 August, the Minister of Territorial Administration and Infrastructure of Armenia, Gnel Sanosyan, stated that the construction of an alternative road to Lachin was actively underway and would be completed the spring of 2023.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-62463601 Новая война в Карабахе? В Баку и Ереване винят друг друга и оглядываются на Москву]</ref> On 5 August, local Armenian authorities told the residents of Lachin, as well as [[Zabukh]] and [[Sus, Lachin|Sus]], to leave their homes by 25 August, after which the towns would be handed over to Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-05 |title=Lachin residents given 20 days to leave homes ahead of Azerbaijan handover |url=https://oc-media.org/lachin-residents-given-20-days-to-leave-homes-ahead-of-azerbaijan-handover/ |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=OC Media |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>[https://www.aysor.am/ru/news/2022/08/05/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80/1994576 Айк Ханумян предупредил жителей Ахавно и Бердзора, что до 25 августа они должны покинуть свои дома – главы общин]</ref> Some of the Armenian inhabitants burned their houses down.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Узел |first=Кавказский |title=Азербайджанские пожарные прибыли в Лачин после поджогов армянами своих домов |url=https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/380349/ |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=Кавказский Узел}}</ref> As of 26 August, Azerbaijan regained control of the town and the villages Sus and Zabukh in the Lachin corridor.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=26 August 2022 |title=Azerbaijani forces are stationed in Lachin, Karabakh: President Aliyev |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/azerbaijani-forces-are-stationed-in-lachin-karabakh-president-aliyev |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Geography ==
The town is scenically built on the side of a mountain on the left bank of the river [[Hakari (river)|Hakari]].<ref>[http://bse.sci-lib.com/article068993.html Лачин], [[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]</ref>

== Economy and culture ==
{{update section|date=November 2023}}
As of 2015, the population is mainly engaged in different state institutions. The town has a municipal building, a regional hospital, four dental clinics, two secondary schools, the Berdzor Music School and the Berdzor Art and Sports School, and a kindergarten.<ref name="2015statistics">{{Cite web|url=https://artsakhlib.am/en/2018/06/06/%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82-%D5%AC%D5%B2%D5%B0-%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8/|title=Directory of socio-economic characteristics of NKR administrative-territorial units (2015)|author=Hakob Ghahramanyan}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Population
! Ethnic groups
! Source
|-
|1907
|145
|Mostly Tatars (later known as Azerbaijanis)
|''Caucasian Calendar''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.prlib.ru/item/417314 |title=Кавказский календарь на 1910 год |publisher=Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom |year=1910 |edition=65th |publication-place=Tiflis |pages=170 |language=Russian |trans-title=Caucasian calendar for 1910 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315211448/https://www.prlib.ru/item/417314 |archive-date=15 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 1914
| 124
| Mostly Tatars
| ''Caucasian Calendar''<ref name= calendar/>
|-
| 1926
| 435
| 37.7% Turks (Azerbaijanis), 25.3% Kurds, 15.2% Armenians, 13.1% Russians
| Soviet census<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/kurdistan26.html|title=Курдистанский уезд 1926|author=|date=|website=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru}}</ref>
|-
| 1939
| 1,063
| 80.7% Azerbaijani, 11.6% Armenians, 6.4% Russians
| Soviet census<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/lachin39.html|title=Лачинский район 1939|website=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru}}</ref>
|-
| 1959
| 2,329
| 94.5% Azerbaijani, 4.3% Armenians 1% Russians
| Soviet census<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/lachin59.html|title=Лачинский район 1959|website=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru}}</ref>
|-
| 1970
| 4,990
| 95% Azerbaijani, 2.7% Russians & Ukrainians, 1.1% Armenians
| Soviet census<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/lachin70.html|title=Лачинский район 1970|website=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru}}</ref>
|-
| 1979
| 6,073
| 99.1% Azerbaijani
| Soviet census<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/lachin79.html|title=Лачинский район 1979|website=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru}}</ref>
|-
| 1989
| 7,829
|
| Soviet census<ref>{{cite web|url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng89_reg1.php|title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей.|website=demoscope.ru}}</ref>
|-
| 2005
| 2,190
| ~100% Armenian
| NKR census<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://census.stat-nkr.am/nkr/1-1.pdf |title=Census data |access-date=April 26, 2011 |archive-date=March 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302100506/http://census.stat-nkr.am/nkr/1-1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| 1,900
| ~100% Armenian
| NKR estimate<ref name="2015 est">{{cite web|title=Urban communities of the NKR|url=http://stat-nkr.am/files/publications/2015/LXH_tverov_2015.pdf|website=stat-nkr.am|publisher=National Statistical Service of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic|page=13|date=1 January 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| 100–120
| ~100% Armenian
|
|}

== Twin cities ==
Lachin is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
* {{Flagicon|United States}} [[Highland, California|Highland]], [[California]] (only as ''Berdzor'' of the former ''Republic of Artsakh'')<ref>"[http://en.ria.ru/world/20131206/185319223/Azerbaijan-Protests-California-Towns-Recognition-of-Nagorno-Karabakh.html Azerbaijan Protests California Town’s Recognition of Nagorno-Karabakh]." ''[[RIA Novosti]]''. December 6, 2013.</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="120">
File:Berdzor058.JPG|View of the town
File:Berdzor057.JPG|Former WW2 memorial turned into [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]] memorial
File:Berdzor062.JPG|Playground in the town
File:Berdzor046.JPG|View of part of Lachin
File:Berdzor001.JPG|Road in Lachin
File:Berdzor049.JPG|Building of Armenian mobile operator company
File:Սուրբ Հարություն եկեղեցի, Բերձոր - Holy Resurrection Church, Berdzor.jpg|Holy Ascension Church in Berdzor, opened in 1998
</gallery>

== References ==
=== Notes ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
* Е. М. Поспелов (Ye. M. Pospelov). "Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь." (City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary." Москва, "Русские словари", 1993.

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061027173537/http://oneworld.blogsome.com/2006/09/04/lachin-2000-03-gallery/ Pictures of Lachin]
* Onnik Krikorian, [https://eurasianet.org/armenias-strategic-lachin-corridor-confronts-a-demographic-crisis Armenia’s Strategic Lachin Corridor Confronts a Demographic Crisis], eurasianet.org, Sep 15, 2006.
* [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Lachin More information about Lachin from Armeniapedia.com]
* {{cite web |url=http://www.travel-images.com/az-lachin.html |title=Lachin |access-date=2007-02-04 |work=Azerb.com}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.armenianhistory.info/artsakh3.htm |title=History of Artsakh (Part 3) |access-date=May 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901234226/http://www.armenianhistory.info/artsakh3.htm |archive-date=September 1, 2009 |url-status=dead }}
* {{GEOnet2|32FA881505853774E0440003BA962ED3|Lachin (as Laçın)}}

{{Kashatagh Region}}
{{Lachin Rayon}}
{{Administrative divisions of Artsakh}}
{{Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|Geography}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2015}}

[[Category:Populated places in Kashatagh Province]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in the Republic of Artsakh]]
[[Category:Populated places in Lachin District]]
[[Category:Villages in Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Armenia–Azerbaijan border]]
[[Category:First Nagorno-Karabakh War]]

List of caravanserais in Armenia

2024-02-28T03:30:17Z

RaffiKojian: correcting spelling of caravan

{{short description|None}}

This is a list of '''[[caravanserai]]s in Armenia'''.<ref>[http://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=9155 ՀՀ կառավարության որոշում N 628, 29 մայիսի 2002 թ․]</ref><ref>[http://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=37837 ՀՀ կառավարության որոշում N 80, 9 հունվարի 2003 թ․]</ref><ref>[http://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=38081 ՀՀ կառավարության որոշում N 754-Ն, 17 հունիսի 2003 թ․]</ref><ref>[http://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=11757 ՀՀ կառավարության որոշում N 1793, 24 դեկտեմբերի 2003 թ․]</ref><ref>[http://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=37965 ՀՀ կառավարության որոշում N 49, 29 հունվարի 2004 թ․]</ref><ref>[http://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=13320 ՀՀ կառավարության որոշում N 1929-Ն, 30 դեկտեմբերի 2004 թ․]</ref><ref>[http://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=36406 ՀՀ կառավարության որոշում N 2322-Ն, 29 դեկտեմբերի 2005 թ․]</ref>

== Caravanserais ==

{{Commons category|Caravanserais in Armenia}}

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|- valign=bottom
!| #
! width=100px| Image
! width= |Name
! width=18% | Date
! width= | Province
! width= | Location
|-
|| 1 || [[File:Aruch Caravanserai (02).jpg|200px|Արուճի քարավանատուն Aruch Caravansarai]] || [[Aruch Caravansarai]] ||13th century || [[Aragatsotn Province]] || [[Aruch]]
|-
|| 2 || || [[Arayi Caravansarai]] || 1213|| [[Aragatsotn Province]] || [[Arayi]]
|-
|| 3 || [[File:Talin caravanserai (4).jpg|200px|Թալինի քարավանատուն Talin Caravansarai]] || [[Talin Caravansarai]] || 13th century || [[Aragatsotn Province]] || [[Talin, Armenia|Talin]]
|-
|| 4 || || [[Sotk Caravansarai]] || 7th century || [[Gegharkunik Province]] || [[Sotk]]
|-
|| 5 || || [[Geghasar Caravansarai]] || 12th-13th century || [[Lori Province]] || [[Geghasar]]
|-
|| 6 || [[File:Hrazdan Caravanserai 06.jpg|200px|Հրազդանի քարավանատուն Hrazdan Caravansarai]] || [[Hrazdan Caravansarai]] || 13th century || [[Kotayk Province]] || [[Hrazdan]]
|-
|| 7 || || [[Krasar Caravansarai]] || 19th century || [[Shirak Province]] || [[Krasar]]
|-
|| 8 || [[File:Քարավանատուն.JPG|200px|Ջրափիի քարավանատուն Jrapi Qaravansarai]] || [[Jrapi Caravansarai]] || 10th-11th century || [[Shirak Province]] || [[Jrapi]]
|-
|| 9 || || [[Agarak Caravansarai]] || 17th century || [[Syunik Province]] || [[Agarak, Syunik|Agarak]]
|-
|| 10 || [[File:Caravanserai in Bardzravan 24.JPG |200px|Բարձրավանի քարավանատուն Bardzravan Caravansarai]] || [[Bardzravan Caravansarai]] || 17th-18th century || [[Syunik Province]] || [[Bardzravan]]
|-
|| 11 || || [[Goris Caravansarai]] || 17th-18th century || [[Syunik Province]] || [[Goris]]
|-
|| 12 || || [[Tsav Caravansarai]] || 16th-17th century || [[Syunik Province]] || [[Tsav, Armenia|Tsav]]
|-
|| 13 || [[File:Harzhis, Kotrats caravanserai (1).jpg |200px|Կոտրած քարավանատուն Kotrats Caravansarai]] || [[Kotrats Caravansarai]] ||1319 || [[Syunik Province]] || [[Harzhis]]
|-
|| 14 || [[File:Selim Pass Caravanserai (5127896201).jpg|200px|Օրբելյանների իջևանատուն Orbelian's Caravanserai]] || [[Orbelian's Caravanserai]] || 1332 || [[Vayots Dzor Province]] || [[Aghnjadzor]]
|-
|| 15 || || [[Aghnjadzor Caravansarai]] || 14th century ||[[Vayots Dzor Province]] || [[Aghnjadzor]]
|-
|| 16 || || [[Ijevan Caravansarai]] || 10th-13th century || [[Tavush Province]] || [[Ijevan]]
|-
|| 17 || [[File:Qaravansarai in Araqelots village 3.jpg|200px|Առաքելոց գյուղատեղու քարավանատուն Caravansarai in Araqelots village]] || [[Acharkut Caravansarai]] || 13th-14th century|| [[Tavush Province]] || [[Acharkut]]
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of castles in Armenia]]
* [[List of monasteries in Armenia]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in Armenia|Caravanserais]]
[[Category:Caravanserais in Armenia|*]]
[[Category:Lists of tourist attractions in Armenia|Caravanserais]]

List of caravanserais

2024-02-28T03:27:40Z

RaffiKojian: /* Armenia */ adding the names of the caravanserais with photos in the main Armenia list

{{short description|None}}

[[File:Tash Rabat in mountains.jpg|right|thumb|170px| [[Tash Rabat]] at an altitude of 3,200 meters]]
[[File:Zeinodin Caravanserai.jpg|right|thumb|170px|[[Zeinodin Caravanserai]]]][[File:Good-Samaritan-Inn-656.jpg|thumb|right|170px|[[Inn of the Good Samaritan]]]]

A '''[[caravanserai]]''' was a roadside [[inn]] where [[Camel train|caravans]] and travelers could rest overnight.

They are typically constructed around a central courtyard, can be used as markets and are found from [[North Africa]] and the [[Aegean Region|Aegean]] to [[India]] and [[Western China]]-although the majority are found between [[Iran]] and [[Turkey]]. Hundreds of these structures were built over the centuries.
[[File:Qaraçı karvansarası.jpg|thumb|right|170px|Garachi Caravanserai]]

The following is a partial list:

==Albania==
* [[Elbasan Inn]], [[Korçë]], [[Albania]]

==Armenia==
[[File:Selim Caravanserai at Selim Pass.JPG|thumb|right|170px|Orbelian's Caravanserai]]
{{main|List of caravanserais in Armenia}}
* Aruch Caravansarai
* Talin Caravansarai
* Hrazdan Caravansarai
* [[Orbelian's Caravanserai]], Vayots Dzor Province
* Jrapi Caravansarai
* Bardzravan Caravansarai
* Kotrats Caravansarai
* Acharkut Caravansarai

==Azerbaijan==
{{main|List of caravanserais in Azerbaijan}}
[[File:067karavansaray.jpg|thumb|170px|Shaki Caravanserai]]

*[[Caravanserai of Masjid]], [[Mashtaga]], [[Baku]]
*[[Ziyadlu Caravanserai]], [[Baku]]
*[[Gala Caravanserai]], [[Baku]]
*[[Dash Caravanserai]], [[Gobustan District]]
*[[Shirvanbey Caravanserai]], [[Shamakhi District]]
*[[Gurbulag]], [[Ismailli District]]
*[[Multani Caravanserai]],Baku
*Mahattin Caravanserai, [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]]
*[[Kura (Caspian Sea)|Kur River Caravanserai]], [[Sabirabad District]]
*Haji Nazar Caravanserai, [[Julfa District]]

==Bangladesh==
[[File:Istorijski spomenik Han Mehmed-paše Kukavice 02.jpg|thumb|Han Mehmed-paše Kukavice in [[Foča]]]]
*[[Bara Katra]], [[Dhaka]]
*[[Chhota Katra]], [[Dhaka]]

==Croatia==
*Maškovića Han, [[Vrana, Zadar County]]

==Bosnia and Herzegovina==
[[File:Istorijski spomenik Han Mehmed-paše Kukavice 02.jpg|thumb|Han Mehmed-paše Kukavice in [[Foča]]]]
*[[Morića Han]], [[Sarajevo]]
*[[Han Mehmed-paše Kukavice]], [[Foča]]

==Cyprus==
[[File:Cairo, wikala di al-ghouri 02.jpg|thumb|[[Wikala of Al-Ghuri|Wikala of Sultan al-Ghuri]] in [[Cairo]].]]
*[[Büyük Han]]
*[[Kumarcilar Han]]

==Egypt==
*[[Wikala of Al-Ghuri|Wikala of Sultan al-Ghuri]], [[Cairo]]
*[[Wakala al-Sultan Qaytbay|Wikala of Sultan Qaytbay]] (at Bab al-Nasr), Cairo
*[[Sabil-Kuttab-Wakala of Sultan Qa'it Bay|Wikala of Sultan Qaytbay]] (at al-Azhar), Cairo
*[[Wikala of Bazar'a|Wikala Bazar'a]], (at al-Azhar) Cairo

==Greece==
*[[Evrenos Bey Han]]

==India==
[[File:Doraha Serai view.JPG|thumb|170 px|right|View of Doraha Serai]]
*[[Arab Serai]]
*[[Mughal Serai]]
*[[Mughal Serai, Doraha]]
*[[Mughal Sarai, Surat]]
*[[Nampally Sarai]]
*[[Sarai Amanat Khan]]
*[[Sarai Kale Khan]]
*[[Serai Lashkari Khan]]
*[[Serai Nurmahal]]
*[[Shaikpet Sarai]]
*[[Taramati Baradari]]
*[[Fatehpur Sikri]]

==Iraq==
*[[Khan al-Rubu']], [[Karbala]]

==Iran==
[[File:Hotel Shah Abbas Sahn.jpg|thumb|170px|The Mothers Inn caravanserai in Isfahan]]
[[Image:Caravansarai Karaj.jpg|thumb|170px|A medieval [[Caravanserai]] in Karaj]]

*[[Amin al-tojar Caravansarai]], Kashmar, [[Iran]]
*[[Aminoddole Carvansarai]], in the [[Kashan Bazaar]], [[Kashan]], [[Iran]]
*The Mothers Inn caravanserai (today's [[Abbasi Hotel]]) in Isfahan
*[[List of historical Iranian architects#14th century|Caravanserai of Seen in Isfahan]]
*[[Damghan#Cheshmeh-Ali|Qoosheh Amirabad Caravansary]], [[Damghan]]
*[[List of historical Iranian architects#17th century|Caravanserai of Ganjali khan in]] [[Kerman]]
*[[List of paintings and plots by Pascal Coste and Eugène Flandin#Eugène Flandin|Hambari Caravanserai]], [[Bisotun]]
*[[Caravanserai]] [[Mahyar, Isfahan]]
*[[List of paintings and plots by Pascal Coste and Eugène Flandin#Pascal Coste|Amin Abad caravanserai]] [[Kermanshah]]
*[[List of paintings and plots by Pascal Coste and Eugène Flandin#Eugène Flandin|Caravanserai-i-Shah]], [[Qazvin]]
*[[Caravanserai of Sa'd al-Saltaneh]], [[Qazvin]]
*[[Ganjali Khan Complex]]
*[[Caravanserai of Sa'd al-Saltaneh]]
*[[Qasr-e Shirin#monuments|Qasr-e Shirin Caravanserai]]
*[[Behistun Inscription#Other historical monuments in the Behistun complex|Ilkhanid caravanserai]]
*[[Abbasi Hotel|Caravanserai of Shah Abbas]], [[Isfahan]]
*[[Shah Abbasi Caravansarai, Karaj|Shah Abbasi Caravanserai]], [[Karaj]]
*[[Rey, Iran#main Sights|Shah Abbasi Caravanserai, Rey]]
*[[Neyestanak|Neyestanak Caravanserai]], [[Isfahan Province]]
*[[Zeinodin Caravanserai]], [[Yazd]]
*[[Amir Chakhmaq Complex]], Yazd
*[[Izadkhast Caravanserai]], Izadkhast

==Kyrgyzstan==
*[[Tash Rabat]]

==Lebanon==
*[[Khan El Franj - Saida ]]
*[[Khan El AShkar - Tyre ]]
*[[Khan El Saboun - Tripoly ]]
*[[Khan El Askar - Tripoly ]]
*[[Khan El Masriyin - Tripoly ]]
*[[Khan El Khayatin - Tripoly ]]
*[[Khan Antonin - Beirut]]

==North Macedonia==
*[[Kapan Han]], [[Skopje]]
*[[Suli An]], Skopje
*[[Kuršumli An]], Skopje

==Morocco==
[[File:Fes - Fondouk el-Nejjarine.jpg|thumb|256x256px|Interior of the [[Funduq al-Najjariyyin]] in [[Fez, Morocco|Fes]], [[Morocco]]]]
*[[Funduq Kettanin]], Fes
*[[Funduq al-Najjariyyin]] (Fondouk Nejjarine), [[Fez, Morocco|Fes]]
*[[Funduq Sagha]], Fes
*[[Funduq Shamma'in|Funduq Shamma'in & Funduq Sbitriyyin]], Fes
*[[Funduq Staouniyyin]] (Funduq al-Tetwaniyyin), Fes

==Pakistan==
*[[Akbari Sarai]], [[Lahore]]
*[[Gorkhatri|Gorkhatri caravanserai]], [[Peshawar]]

==Palestine and Israel==
[[File:Fair at Khan al-Tujjar.jpg|thumb|right|170px|Fair at Khan al-Tujjar, c. 1850]]
[[File:Solomon's pools2.jpg|thumb|right|170px|Ottoman khan at [[Solomon's Pools]], 1981]]

Alphabetically, without taking article into consideration (el-, al-, etc.).
*[[Arab Suqrir#Khan|Arab Suqrir]]/[[Bnei Darom]], Israel
*[[Avdat]], Negev, Israel{{dubious|A town can qualify as a "road station", but not as a "caravanserai"|date=May 2021}}
*[[Daughters of Jacob Bridge]] (Gesher Bnot Ya'akov/Jisr Benat Ya'kub): ruins of Mamluk khan; Israel
*[[Inn of the Good Samaritan]], known in Arabic as Khan al-Hatruri and less often as Khan el-Ahmar; West Bank
*[[Jisr el-Majami#Khan|Jisr el-Majami]] ([[Gesher, Israel|Old Gesher]]): Mamluk khan; Israel
*[[Jubb Yussef (Joseph's Well)]] near [[Ami'ad]]: khan near the well, Galilee, Israel
*Khan el-Hilu, [[Lod]], Israel
*[[Al-Lubban ash-Sharqiya#Khan al-Lubban|Khan al-Lubban]] between [[al-Lubban ash-Sharqiya]] and [[Sinjil]], West Bank
*[[Khan al-Tujjar (Mount Tabor)]], Israel
*[[Khan al-Tujjar (Nablus)]], West Bank
*[[Khan al-Umdan]], Acre, Israel
*[[Khan Yunis]], [[Gaza Strip]]{{dubious|Anything left of the caravanserai apart from the town's name? Equivalent: not every "Deir XY" in Isr/Pal can be listed as a monastery.|date=May 2021}}
*[[Khirbat al-Minya]]: Umayyad ''qasr'' reused as a khan; Israel
*Khan el-[[Lajjun]] near [[Tel Megiddo]], Israel
*[[Laura of Euthymius]], known in Arabic as Khan el-Ahmar; West Bank
*[[Sha'ar HaGai]] (Bab el-Wad): Ottoman khan, [[Highway 1 (Israel/Palestine)|Highways 1]] and [[Highway 38 (Israel)|38]] junction, Israel
*[[Solomon's Pools]]: Ottoman khan, "Qal'at el-Burak" or "Qal'at Murad"; West Bank
*[[Tiberias]]: on the promenade facing the Sea of Galilee, Israel{{dubious|Which building there used to be a khan?|date=May 2021}}

==Romania==
*[[Hanul lui Manuc]], [[Bucharest]]
*[[Gabroveni Inn|Hanul Gabroveni]], [[Bucharest]]

==Serbia==
[[File:Stari han Kosjerić 004.jpg|thumb|Stari Han in [[Kosjerić]]]]
*[[Stari Han]], [[Kremna]], [[Užice]]
*[[Stari Han (Sopot)|Stari Han]], [[Sopot, Belgrade|Sopot]], [[Belgrade]]
*[[Stari Han (Kosjerić)|Stari Han]], [[Kosjerić]]
*[[Ram Fortress|Ram Caravanserai]], [[Ram, Serbia|Ram]]

==Spain==
*[[Corral del Carbón]]

==Syria==
[[File:Khan As'ad Pacha Al-'Azem.jpg|thumb|right|170px|Interior of Khan As'ad Pacha Al-'Azem]]
*[[Khan Tuman (building)|Khan Tuman]]
*[[Khan As'ad Pasha]], [[Damascus]]
*[[Khan al-Harir]], [[Damascus]]
*[[Khan Jaqmaq]], [[Damascus]]
*[[Khan Sulayman Pasha]], [[Damascus]]
*[[Khan al-Arous]]
*Khan al-Wazir, [[Aleppo#Historical sites|Aleppo]]

==Turkey==
{{See also|List of Seljuk hans and kervansarays in Turkey|List of streets, hans and gates in Grand Bazaar, Istanbul}}
[[File:Sultanhanı Kervansaray. Sultanhanı.jpg|thumb|[[Sultan Han]]]]

*[[Ağzıkara Han]], [[Aksaray Province]]
*[[Büyük Valide Han]], [[Istanbul]]
*[[Büyük Yeni Han]], Istanbul
*[[Caravanserai of Zor]], [[Iğdır]]
*[[Hafsa Sultan Caravanserai]], [[Marmaris]]
*[[Sultanate of Rum#Culture and society|Hanabad caravanserai]], [[Çardak]]
*[[Hasan Pasha Han, Diyarbakır]]
*[[Koza Han]], [[Bursa]]
*[[Kürkçü Han]], Istanbul
*[[Kurtkulağı Kervansarayı]], [[Ceyhan]]
*[[Öküz Mehmed Pasha Caravanserai]], [[Kuşadası]]
*[[Öküz Mehmet Pasha Complex]], [[Ulukışla]]
*[[Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai (Edirne)]]
*[[Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai (Ereğli)]]
*[[Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai (Erzurum)|Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai]], [[Erzurum]]
*[[Sokollu Mehmet Pasha caravanserai]], [[Payas]]
*[[Sultan Han]], Aksaray Province
*[[Sultan Han (Kayseri)|Sultan Han]], [[Kayseri Province]]
*[[Suluhan]], [[Ankara]]
*[[Taşhan caravanserai]], [[Hekimhan]]
*[[Zincirli Han]]ı (inside [[Grand Bazaar, Istanbul|Grand Bazaar]]), Istanbul

==Uzbekistan==
[[File:Rabat Malik.jpg|thumb|170px|Rabati Malik's portal]]
*[[Kanka, Uzbekistan#Site Description|Kanka]]
*[[Ribat-i Malik]], also spelled Rabati Malik - ruined caravanserai

[[Category:Caravanserais|*]]
[[Category:Lists of hotels|Caravanserais]]

Charles Aznavour

2024-02-28T01:52:37Z

RaffiKojian: /* Statues and busts */

{{Short description|French singer and songwriter (1924–2018)}}
{{redirect|Aznavour|other uses|Aznavour (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Charles Aznavour
| native_name = {{nobold|Շահնուր Ազնավուրյան}}
| native_name_lang = hy
| image = Charles Aznavour 1961.jpg
| caption = Aznavour in 1961
| birth_name = Charles Aznavourian
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1924|5|22}}
| birth_place = Akhaltsikhe, Georgia
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2018|10|1|1924|5|22}}
| death_place = [[Mouriès]], France
| burial_place = [[Montfort-l'Amaury]] ([[Yvelines]]), France
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Singer-lyricist
* actor
* public activist
* diplomat
}}
| years_active = 1933–2018
| spouse = {{plainlist}}
* {{marriage|Micheline Rugel|1946|1952|reason=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Evelyne Plessis|1956|1960|reason=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Ulla Thorsell |1967|}}
{{endplainlist}}
| children = 6, including [[Seda Aznavour|Seda]]
| awards = {{ubli|[[Legion of Honour]] (1997, 2001, 2004)|{{see below| {{section link||Awards and recognition}}}}}}
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| genre = {{flatlist|
*[[Pop music|Pop]]
*[[chanson]]
}}
| label = {{flatlist|
*[[EMI Records|EMI]]
*[[Barclay Records|Barclay]]
*[[Mercury Records|Mercury]]
*[[Monument Records|Monument]]
*[[MGM Records|MGM]]
*[[Polydor Records|Polydor]]
*[[Reprise Records|Reprise]]
*[[Liberty Records|Liberty]]
*[[RCA Records#Beginnings and history|RCA Victor]]
*MusArm
*[[Som Livre]]
}}
| associated_acts =
| website = {{URL|charlesaznavour.com}}
}}
}}

'''Charles Aznavour''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|z|n|ə|ˈ|v|ʊər}} {{respell|AZ|nə|VOOR}}, {{IPA-fr|ʃaʁl aznavuʁ|lang}}; born '''Charles Aznavourian''' (which appears on his birth certificate, although his parents originally wanted to name him Shahnour Vaghinag Aznavourian), {{lang-hy|Շահնուր Վաղինակ Ազնավուրյան}}, {{lang|hy-Latn|Shahnur Vaghinak Aznavuryan}};{{efn-ua|Also spelled Chahnour,<ref name="Hovannisian"/> and Varenagh.<ref name="Katz">{{cite book|last=Katz|first=Ephraim|author-link=Ephraim Katz|title=The Film Encyclopedia|publisher=HarperCollins|location=New York|isbn=9780062277114|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=OUujVPHXBZIC&q=%22Shahnour%22+Varenagh+Aznavourian%22&pg=PA1653 1653]|edition=7th|date=26 February 2013}}</ref>}} 22 May 1924 – 1 October 2018)<ref name="armenian.ch">{{cite web|title=Portrait de S.E. Charles Aznavour|url=http://www.armenian.ch/index.php?id=ambassador|publisher=Embassy of Armenia in Switzerland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630015859/http://www.armenian.ch/index.php?id=ambassador|archive-date=30 June 2014|language=fr}}</ref> was a [[Armenians in France|French singer of Armenian ancestry]], as well as a [[lyricist]], [[actor]] and [[diplomat]]. Aznavour was known for his distinctive vibrato [[tenor]] voice:<ref>{{cite news|last=Riding|first=Alan|author-link1=Alan Riding|date=18 October 1998|title=Aznavour, The Last Chanteur|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/18/arts/music-aznavour-the-last-chanteur.html|quote=his highly distinct tenor voice}}</ref> clear and ringing in its upper reaches, with gravelly and profound low notes. In a career as a [[composer]], [[Singer-songwriter|singer and songwriter]], spanning over 70 years, he recorded more than 1,200 songs interpreted in 9 languages.<ref>Charles Aznavour recorded in French, English, Italian, Spanish, German, Armenian (''Yes kou rimet'n tchim kidi'', ''La goutte d'eau'' and ''Sirerk''), Neapolitan (''Napule amica mia''), Russian (''Vetchnai lioubov'') and Kabyle (''La bohème'' in a duet with Idir).[http://www.goplanete.com/aznavour/catalogue/catalogue.htm Charles Aznavour Songs Catalog]</ref> Moreover, he wrote or co-wrote more than 1,000 songs for himself and others. Aznavour is regarded as one of the greatest songwriters of all time and an icon of 20th-century pop culture.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 October 2018|title=Master of the chanson Charles Aznavour dead at 94|url=https://www.dw.com/en/master-of-the-chanson-charles-aznavour-dead-at-94/a-17649140|website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref>

One of France's most popular and enduring singers,<ref name="Deutsche Welle"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Shea|first1=Michael|title=The Freedom Years: Tactical Tips for the Trailblazer Generation|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Chichester|isbn=9781841127545|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=roN-4QHeZQYC&dq=Charles+Aznavour+%22best+known%22&pg=PA122 122]|quote=One of France's best known pop stars, Charles Aznavour}}</ref> he was dubbed France's [[Frank Sinatra]],<ref name="Deming"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Hunter-Tilney|first=Ludovic|title=Charles Aznavour, Royal Albert Hall, London – review|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/8174330c-3fce-11e3-8882-00144feabdc0.html#axzz365LcGLPa|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210221210/https://www.ft.com/content/8174330c-3fce-11e3-8882-00144feabdc0#axzz365LcGLPa|archive-date=10 December 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|access-date=30 June 2014|newspaper=[[Financial Times]]|date=28 October 2013}}</ref> while music critic [[Stephen Holden]] described Aznavour as a "French pop deity".<ref name="holden-tnyt">{{cite news |last=Holden |first=Stephen |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=30 April 2009 |title=Aznavour Exploring Both Love and l'Amour |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/01/arts/music/01azna.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=30 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102174118/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/01/arts/music/01azna.html |archive-date=2 January 2015}}</ref> Several media outlets described him as the most famous [[Armenians|Armenian]] of all time.<ref name="Deutsche Welle">{{cite news|last=Cords|first=Suzanne|title=The master of the chanson|url=http://dw.de/p/1C3LY|date=21 May 2014|access-date=30 June 2014|agency=[[Deutsche Welle]]|quote=Long a legend, Charles Aznavour is the best known French chansonnier and arguably Armenia's most famous son.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Akopian|first=Aram|title=Armenians and the World: Yesterday and Today|date=2001|publisher=Noyan Tapan|location=Yerevan|isbn=9789993051299|page=91|quote=It will be probably just to say that today he is the most famous Armenian, known and admired all over the world.}}</ref> [[Jean Cocteau]] once said: "Before Aznavour despair was unpopular".<ref>{{cite news|author=Alexis Petridis|title=From drag queens to dead marriages, Charles Aznavour was far from easy listening|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/oct/01/from-drag-queens-to-dead-marriages-charles-aznavour-was-far-from-easy-listening|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=1 October 2018|access-date=5 October 2018}}</ref>

Aznavour sang for presidents, popes and royalty, as well as at humanitarian events. In response to the [[1988 Armenian earthquake]], he founded the charitable organization ''Aznavour for Armenia'' along with his long-time friend [[impresario]] [[Levon Sayan]]. In 2008, he was granted Armenian citizenship<ref name="Itzkoff">{{cite news|last=Itzkoff|first=David|author-link=David Itzkoff|date=26 December 2008|title=Aznavour Granted Armenian Citizenship|newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/27/arts/27arts-AZNAVOURGRAN_BRF.html?partner=rss&emc=rss|access-date=10 February 2014}}</ref> and was appointed ambassador of Armenia to [[Switzerland]] the following year, as well as Armenia's permanent delegate to the United Nations at [[Geneva]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Aznavour to become Armenian envoy|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7888243.stm|agency=BBC|date=13 February 2009}}</ref>

He started his last world tour in 2014. On 24 August 2017, Aznavour was awarded the 2,618th star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]. Later that year, he and his sister, [[Aida Aznavourian]], were awarded the [[Raoul Wallenberg Award]] for sheltering Jews during World War II. His concert at the [[NHK Osaka Hall|NHK Hall]] in [[Osaka]], on 19 September 2018,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtl.fr/culture/musique/mort-de-charles-aznavour-le-japon-pleure-la-disparition-du-chanteur-7795010558|title=Le Japon pleure la disparition de Charles Aznavour|website=RTL France|access-date=14 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref> would be his final performance.

Between 1974 and 2016, Charles Aznavour received around sixty gold and platinum records around the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://snepmusique.com/les-certifications/?interprete=charles%20aznavour|title = Les certifications}}</ref> According to his record company, the total sales of the artist's recordings were over 180 million units.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.universalmusic.fr/artistes/20000048069|title = Charles Aznavour - Universal Music France}}</ref><ref>[https://www.lanouvellerepublique.fr/a-la-une/rien-n-arrete-aznavour] {{dead link|date=June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/musique/1300-titres-80-films-8-langues-la-carriere-de-charles-aznavour-en-chiffres-01-10-2018-7908204.php.|title=1300 titres, 80 films, 8 langues… la carrière de Charles Aznavour en chiffres|website=Leparisien.fr|date=October 2018}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Early life and family==
Aznavour was born at the clinic Tarnier at 89, [[rue d'Assas]] in [[Saint-Germain-des-Prés]], [[6th arrondissement of Paris]], into a family of artists living on [[rue Monsieur-le-Prince]].<ref name="Bellaïche_11">{{cite book|author=Raoul Bellaïche|title=Aznavour "Non je n'ai rien oublié"|trans-title=Aznavour "No, I have not forgotten anything"|publisher=Éditions de l'Archipel|date=24 August 2014|isbn=9782809807646|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=678ghCLrSYoC|access-date=13 August 2018|page=11|language=fr}}</ref> He was named Shahnour (or Chahnour)<ref name="Hovannisian">{{cite book|last=Hovannisian|first=Richard G.|author-link=Richard Hovannisian|title=The Armenian Genocide: Cultural and Ethical Legacies|year=2007|publisher=Transaction Publishers|location=New Brunswick, N.J.|isbn=9781412835923|page=215}}</ref> Vaghinag (Vaghenagh)<ref name="Katz"/> Aznavourian<ref name="armenian.ch"/> ({{lang-hy|Շահնուր Վաղինակ Ազնավուրյան}}), by his parents, [[Armenians|Armenian]] immigrants Michael (Misha) Aznavourian (from present-day [[Akhaltsikhe]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]])<ref name="armenian.ch"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicme.com/Charles-Aznavour/biographie/|title=Biographie Charles Aznavour|publisher=Musicme.com|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> and Knar Baghdasarian, an [[Armenian genocide]] survivor from Adapazarı (in present-day [[Sakarya, Turkey]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billetnet.fr/en/wiki/Charles_Aznavour|title=Biodata|publisher=Billetnet.fr|access-date=1 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720205407/http://www.billetnet.fr/en/wiki/Charles_Aznavour|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/charles-aznavour/|title=CHARLES AZNAVOUR - Encyclopædia Universalis|publisher=Universalis.fr|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref>{{sfn|Dicale|2017|p=713}} He had one older sister, Aïda, born in January 1923 in [[Thessaloniki]], [[Greece]] before their family moved to France.{{sfn|Belleret|2018|p=18}} The Aznavourians ran a small Armenian restaurant in the rue de la Huchette, a hangout for actors and musicians until the Depression. One biography says that Misha’s father — Charles’s grandfather — “had been a chef to [[Nicholas II of Russia|Czar Nicholas II]].” But Aznavour himself gave a laugh about it: “My grandfather,” he said, “was a chef for the governor of Tiflis, in Georgia. The czar used to eat there every 150 years.”<ref>[http://www.thevillager.com/villager_176/aurevoirfrom.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522213752/http://www.thevillager.com/villager_176/aurevoirfrom.html}} The Villager</ref>
Charles's parents introduced him to performing at an early age, and he dropped out of school at age nine, and took the stage name "Aznavour".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEN/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|date=December 2008|title=Charles Aznavour|newspaper=RFI Musique|access-date=10 February 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210004828/http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEN/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|archive-date=10 February 2011 }}</ref>

=== World War II ===
During the [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II|German occupation of France]] during [[World War II]], Aznavour and his family hid "a number of people who were persecuted by the Nazis, while Charles and his sister Aida were involved in rescue activities." Their work was recognized in a statement issued in 2017 by [[Reuven Rivlin]], President of Israel. That year, Aznavour and Aida received the [[Raoul Wallenberg Award]] for their wartime activities. "The Aznavours were closely linked to the [[Missak Manouchian]] [[French Resistance|Resistance Group]] and in this context they offered shelter to Armenians, [[The Holocaust in France|Jews]] and others at their own Paris flat, risking their own lives."<ref name="Wallenberg Medal">{{cite web|title=Charles Aznavour and his sister Aida received the Raoul Wallenberg Medal|url=http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/news/charles-aznavour-and-his-sister-aida-received-the-raoul-wallenberg-medal|website=The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation|access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Legendary singer Aznavour given award for family efforts to save Jews in WWII|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/legendary-singer-aznavour-given-award-for-family-efforts-to-save-jews-in-wwii/|access-date=1 October 2018|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|agency=AFP|date=28 October 2017}}</ref>

==Career==

=== Musical career ===
Aznavour was already familiar with performing on stage by the time he began his career as a musician. At the age of nine, he had roles in a play called ''{{lang|fr|Un Petit Diable à Paris}}'' and a film entitled ''{{lang|fr|La Guerre des Gosses}}''.<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|editor1-last=Henderson|editor1-first=Lol|editor2-last=Stacey|editor2-first=Lee|title=Encyclopedia of Music in the 20th Century|date=2014|publisher=Taylor and Francis|page=35|location=Hoboken|isbn=978-1135929466}}</ref> Aznavour then turned to professional dancing and performed in several nightclubs. In 1944, he and actor [[Pierre Roche (musician)|Pierre Roche]] began a partnership and in collaborative efforts performed in numerous nightclubs. It was through this partnership that Aznavour began to write songs and sing. Meanwhile, Aznavour wrote his first song entitled ''{{lang|fr|J'ai Bu}}'' in 1944.<ref name=encyclopedia /> The partnership's first successes were in [[Canada]] in 1948–1950.<ref>{{cite book |last=DiMartino |first=Dave |date=2016 |title=Music in the 20th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sB4GDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA35 |location=London and New York |publisher=[[Routledge]] |page=35 |isbn=978-0-76568-012-9}}</ref>

[[File:Charles Aznavour 1963.jpg|thumb|upright|Aznavour in 1963]]

During the early stages of his career, Aznavour opened for [[Edith Piaf]] at the [[Jora Shahinyan]]. Piaf then advised him to pursue a career in singing. Piaf helped Aznavour develop a distinctive voice that stimulated the best of his abilities.<ref name=encyclopedia />

Sometimes described as "France's [[Frank Sinatra]]",<ref name="Deming">{{cite web|last=Deming|first=Mark|title=Charles Aznavour 40 Chansons D'or|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/40-chansons-dor-mw0000475684|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=30 June 2014}}</ref> Aznavour sang frequently about love. He wrote or co-wrote [[musical theater|musicals]], more than one thousand songs, and recorded ninety-one studio albums. Aznavour's voice was shaded towards the tenor range, but possessed the low range and coloration more typical of a baritone, contributing to his unique sound. Aznavour spoke and sang in many languages ([[French language|French]], [[English language|English]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[German language|German]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Armenian language|Armenian]], [[Neapolitan language|Neapolitan]] and [[Kabyle language|Kabyle]]), which helped him perform at [[Carnegie Hall]], in the US, and other major venues around the world. He also recorded at least one song from the 18th-century Armenian poet [[Sayat-Nova]] (in 1988), an Armenian-French song with [[Bratsch (band)|Bratsch]] (in 2007),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aravot-en.am/2018/10/08/219837/|title=What song was the French soldier singing at Aznavour's memorial service? Connection between Bratsch group and Aznavour |website=Aravot-en.am|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref> and a popular song, ''{{lang|hy-Latn|Im Yare}}''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armenianweekly.com/2010/01/11/charles-and-seda-aznavour-record-new-duo-in-armenian/|title=Charles and Seda Aznavour Record New Duo in Armenian|publisher=Armenian Weekly|date=12 January 2010|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> (in 2009) in Armenian. "[[Que C'est Triste Venise]]", sung in French, Italian ("{{lang|it|Com'è Triste Venezia}}"), Spanish ("{{lang|es|Venecia Sin Ti}}"), English ("How Sad Venice Can Be") and German ("{{lang|de|Venedig in Grau}}"), was very successful the mid-1960s.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20181001/muere-charles-aznavour-canciones-7064567| title=5 canciones para recordar a Charles Aznavour| publisher=El Periódico|date=1 October 2018| access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

[[File:Googoosh and Charles Aznavour in 1970s.jpg|200px|thumb|Charles Aznavour and [[Googoosh]].]]

1972 saw the release of his 23rd studio album, ''{{lang|fr|Idiote je t'aime...}}'', which contained among others, two of his classics - "{{lang|fr|Les plaisirs démodés}}" (Old-Fashioned Pleasures) and "{{lang|fr|Comme ils disent}}" (As They Say), the latter dealing with homosexuality, which at the time, was revolutionary.<ref>{{cite news |last=Haloche |first=Laurence |date=16 August 2011 |title=Comme ils disent , quand Aznavour aborde l'homosexualité sans tabou |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/2015/12/13/03006-20151213ARTFIG00013--comme-ils-disent-quand-aznavour-aborde-l-homosexualite-sans-tabou.php |work=[[Le Figaro]] |language=French |access-date=29 January 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151213174409/http://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/2015/12/13/03006-20151213ARTFIG00013--comme-ils-disent-quand-aznavour-aborde-l-homosexualite-sans-tabou.php |archive-date=13 December 2015}}</ref>

In 1974, Aznavour became a major success in the [[United Kingdom]] when his song "[[She (Charles Aznavour song)|She]]" was number 1 on the [[UK Singles Chart]] for four weeks during a fourteen-week run. His other well-known song in the UK was the 1973 "[[The Old Fashioned Way (song)|The Old Fashioned Way]]", which was on UK charts for 15 weeks.<ref>Talent in Europe / Billboard 22 January 1977, p. 36</ref><ref>Songwriters: a biographical dictionary with discographies - by Nigel Harrison - 1998 - p. 28</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/_/Charles+Aznavour|title=Official Charts Company|website=Officialcharts.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tsort.info/music/cw8ahr.htm|title=Song artist 642 - Charles Aznavour|publisher=Tsort.info|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref>

Artists who have recorded his songs and collaborated with Aznavour include [[Édith Piaf]], [[Fred Astaire]], [[Frank Sinatra]] (Aznavour was one of the rare European singers invited to duet with him<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rfimusique.com/musiqueen/articles/108/article_8139.asp|title=Album review - Charles Aznavour's "Duos"|publisher=RFI Musique|date=28 December 2009|access-date=18 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924121339/http://www.rfimusique.com/musiqueen/articles/108/article_8139.asp|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>), [[Andrea Bocelli]], [[Bing Crosby]], [[Ray Charles]], [[Bob Dylan]] (he named Aznavour among the greatest live performers he had ever seen),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://expectingrain.com/dok/int/RS1987.html#ca|title=Bob Dylan interview: Rolling Stone Nov/Dec 1987|publisher=Expectingrain.com|date=10 December 1995|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.covermesongs.com/2010/08/bob-dylan-the-times-weve-known.html|title=Song of the Day: Bob Dylan, 'The Times We've Known' (Charles Aznavour cover) » Cover Me|publisher=Covermesongs.com|date=13 August 2010|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> [[Dusty Springfield]], [[Liza Minnelli]], [[Mia Martini]], [[Elton John]], [[Dalida]], [[Serge Gainsbourg]], [[Josh Groban]], [[Petula Clark]], [[Tom Jones (singer)|Tom Jones]], [[Shirley Bassey]], [[José Carreras]], [[Laura Pausini]], [[Roy Clark]], [[Nana Mouskouri]], [[Peggy Lee]] and [[Julio Iglesias]]. Fellow French pop singer [[Mireille Mathieu]] sang and recorded with Aznavour on numerous occasions. The English singer [[Marc Almond]] was noted by Aznavour as his favourite interpreter of his songs, having covered Aznavour's "What makes a man a man" in the 1990s. Almond cited Aznavour as a major influence on his style and work. In 1974, [[Jack Jones (singer)|Jack Jones]] recorded an entire album of Aznavour compositions entitled ''Write Me A Love Song, Charlie'', re-released on CD in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jackjones.lolipop.jp/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412044204/http://jackjones.lolipop.jp/lovesongcharlie.htm|url-status=dead|title=HOME|archivedate=12 April 2008|website=The official Jack Jones website|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Jack Jones|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000GALD46|title=Jack Jones - Write Me a Love Song Charlie (Mini Lp Sleeve) - Amazon.com Music|website=Amazon|date=29 August 2006|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> Two years later, in 1976, Dutch singer [[Liesbeth List]] released her album ''Charles Aznavour Presents Liesbeth List'', which featured Aznavour's compositions with English lyrics. Aznavour and Italian tenor [[Luciano Pavarotti]] sang [[Charles Gounod|Gounod's]] aria "[[Ave Maria (Bach/Gounod)|Ave Maria]]" together. He performed with [[Russians|Russian]] cellist and friend [[Mstislav Rostropovich]] to inaugurate the [[Presidency of the Council of the European Union#1958 to 2006|French presidency of the European Union]] in 1995. [[Elvis Costello]] recorded "She" for the film ''[[Notting Hill (film)|Notting Hill]]''. One of Aznavour's greatest friends and collaborators from the music industry was Spanish operatic tenor [[Plácido Domingo]], who often performs his hits, most notably a solo studio recording of "{{lang|fr|Les bâteaux sont partis}}" in 1985 and duet versions of the song in French and Spanish in 2008, as well as multiple live renditions of Aznavour's "Ave Maria". In 1994, Aznavour performed with Domingo again and Norwegian [[soprano]] [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]] at Domingo's third annual ''[[Plácido Domingo#Christmas in Vienna|Christmas in Vienna]]'' concert. The three singers performed a variety of carols, medleys and duets, and the concert was televised throughout the world, as well as [[Christmas in Vienna III|released on a CD]] internationally.<ref name=bach-cantatas>{{cite web|author=Aryeh Oron|url=http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Bio/Sissel.htm|title=Sissel Kyrkjebø (Soprano)|publisher=Bach-cantatas.com|date=October 2005|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref>

At the start of autumn 2006, Aznavour initiated his farewell tour, performing in the [[United States]] and Canada, and earning very positive reviews. Aznavour started 2007 with concerts all over Japan and Asia. The second half of 2007 saw Aznavour return to Paris for over 20 shows at the [[Palais des congrès de Paris|Palais des Congrès]] in Paris, followed by more touring in Belgium, the Netherlands, and the rest of France. Aznavour had repeatedly stated that this farewell tour, health permitting, would likely last beyond 2010; after that, however, Charles Aznavour continued performing worldwide throughout the year. At 84, 60 years on stage made him "a little hard of hearing".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.expatica.com/fr/uncategorized/aznavours-long-goodbye-83-and-still-singing-111651/|title=Aznavour's long goodbye – 83 and still singing|publisher=Expatica.com|date=8 October 2007|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> In his final years he would still sing in multiple languages and without persistent use of teleprompters, but typically he would stick to just two or three (French and English being the primary two, with Spanish or Italian being the third) during most concerts.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/18/arts/music/18azna.html?ex=1167368400&en=5b722c96ea2a5172&ei=5070|title=At 82, Charles Aznavour Is Singing a Farewell That Could Last for Years|last=Riding|first=Alan|date=18 September 2006|newspaper=The New York Times|quote=There are some people who grow old and others who just add years. I have added years, but I am not yet old}}</ref> On 30 September 2006, Aznavour performed a major concert in [[Yerevan]], the capital of Armenia, to start off the cultural season "{{lang|fr|Arménie mon amie}}". Then Armenian president [[Robert Kocharyan]] and his French counterpart [[Jacques Chirac]], at the time on an official visit to Armenia, were in front-row attendance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEn/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203075202/http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEn/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|url-status=dead|title=Biographie|archive-date=3 December 2013|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref>

[[File:Charles Aznavour Cannes.jpg|thumb|165px|Aznavour at the 1999 [[Cannes Film Festival]]]]

In 2006, Aznavour recorded his album ''{{lang|fr|Colore ma vie}}'' in Cuba, with [[Chucho Valdés]].<ref>{{cite news | author=François-Xavier Gomez | url=https://next.liberation.fr/musique/2018/10/02/un-tropisme-latino-pour-aznavour_1682505 | title=Un tropisme latino pour Aznavour | newspaper=Libération | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018 | language=fr | archive-date=3 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003133347/https://next.liberation.fr/musique/2018/10/02/un-tropisme-latino-pour-aznavour_1682505 | url-status=dead }}</ref> A regular guest vocalist on ''[[Star Academy]]'', Aznavour sang alongside contestant [[Cyril Cinélu]] that same year.<ref>{{cite web | author=Marie Boscher| url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/hommages-outre-mer-charles-aznavour-mort-94-ans-633416.html | title=Hommages de l'Outre-mer à Charles Aznavour, mort à 94 ans | publisher=France Info | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018 |language=fr}}</ref> In 2007, he sang part of "[[Une vie d'amour]]" in Russian during a Moscow concert.<ref>{{cite news | author=Yan Shenkman| url=https://fr.rbth.com/art/2014/05/22/le_destin_russe_daznavour_29243 | title=Le destin russe d'Aznavour | newspaper=Russia Beyond the Headlines | date=22 May 2014 | access-date=2 October 2018 |language=fr}}</ref> Later, in July 2007, Aznavour was invited to perform at the [[Vieilles Charrues Festival]].<ref>{{cite news | author=Anaelle Berre | url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/people/charles-aznavour/charles-aznavour-un-rappel-exceptionnel-aux-vieilles-charrues-2007-5996134 | title=Charles Aznavour. Un rappel exceptionnel aux Vieilles Charrues 2007 | newspaper=Ouest-France | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref>

''[[Forever Cool]]'' (2007), an album from Capitol/EMI, features Aznavour singing a new duet of "[[Everybody Loves Somebody|Everybody Loves Somebody Sometime]]" with the voice of [[Dean Martin]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.giornaledibrescia.it/italia-ed-estero/la-francia-dice-addio-a-charles-aznavour-1.3304611 | title=La Francia dice addio a Charles Aznavour | newspaper=Giornale di Brescia | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018|language=it}}</ref>

Aznavour finished a tour of Portugal in February 2008.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://visao.sapo.pt/actualidade/cultura/2018-10-01-Morreu-cantor-e-compositor-Charles-Aznavour | title=Morreu cantor e compositor Charles Aznavour | magazine=Visão | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018|language=pt}}</ref> Throughout the spring of 2008, Aznavour toured South America, holding a multitude of concerts in [[Argentina]], Brazil, [[Chile]] and [[Uruguay]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/magazine/2008/05/06/303093/aznavour-llega-a-chile-con-su-ultimo-disco-recien-editado-en-espanol.html | title=Aznavour llega a Chile con su último disco recién editado en español | newspaper=El Mercurio | date=6 May 2008 | access-date=2 October 2018|language=es}}</ref>

An admirer of [[Quebec]], where he played in [[Montreal]] cabarets before becoming famous, he helped the career of Québécoise singer-lyricist [[Lynda Lemay]] in France, and had a house in Montreal. On 5 July 2008, he was invested as an honorary officer of the [[Order of Canada#Honorary officer|Order of Canada]]. He performed the following day on the [[Plains of Abraham]] as a feature of the [[Quebec City Summer Festival|celebration]] of the 400th anniversary of the founding of [[Quebec City]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Andy Blatchford |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080705.waznavour0705/BNStory/Entertainment/home |title=Aznavour receives Order of Canada honours in Quebec |publisher=globeandmail.com |access-date=1 May 2011 |url-status=dead |location=Toronto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116025859/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080705.waznavour0705/BNStory/Entertainment/home |archive-date=16 January 2009 }}</ref>

In 2008, an album of duets, ''Duos'', was released. It is a collaborative effort featuring Aznavour and his greatest friends and partners from his long career in the music industry, including [[Céline Dion]], [[Sting (musician)|Sting]], [[Laura Pausini]], [[Josh Groban]], [[Paul Anka]], Plácido Domingo and many others.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jason Birchmeier|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/duos-mw0000805903|title=Charles Aznavour – Duos|website=AllMusic}}</ref> It was released on various dates in December 2008 across the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voir.ca/blogs/manuel_champagne/archive/2008/10/22/charles-aznavour-se-paie-la-171-totale-187-dans-son-nouvel-album.aspx|title=Charles Aznavour se paie "la totale" dans son nouvel album|trans-title=Charles Aznavour pays himself "it all" in his new album|publisher=Voir.ca|date=22 October 2008|access-date=1 May 2011|language=fr|archive-date=14 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614072133/http://www.voir.ca/blogs/manuel_champagne/archive/2008/10/22/charles-aznavour-se-paie-la-171-totale-187-dans-son-nouvel-album.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> His next album, ''Charles Aznavour and The Clayton Hamilton Jazz Orchestra'' (previously known as ''Jazznavour 2''), is a continuation in the same vein as his hit album ''Jazznavour'' released in 1998, involving new arrangements on his classic songs with a jazz orchestra and other guest jazz artists. It was released on 27 November 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Charles Aznavour|url=http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/chanson/charles-aznavour/biography|publisher=RFI Music|access-date=14 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415230151/http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/chanson/charles-aznavour/biography|archive-date=15 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:2014.06.23. Charles Aznavour Fot Mariusz Kubik 01.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Aznavour in 2014]]

Aznavour and [[Senegal|Senegalese]] singer [[Youssou N'Dour]], with the collaboration of over 40 French singers and musicians, recorded a music video with the music group [[Band Aid (band)|Band Aid]] in the aftermath of the [[Disaster|catastrophic]] [[2010 Haiti earthquake]], titled ''{{lang|fr|1 geste pour Haïti chérie}}''.<ref>{{cite news|agency=AFP|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gQCv5Op1eurkYtoZz7S_ba5vpMkg|title=French music stars mobilise for Haiti|date=15 January 2010|access-date=1 May 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123021824/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gQCv5Op1eurkYtoZz7S_ba5vpMkg|archive-date=23 January 2010}}</ref>

In 2009, Aznavour also toured across America. The tour, named ''{{lang|fr|Aznavour en liberté}}'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://patwhite.com/node/5598|title=Aznavour en Liberté|publisher=Patwhite.com|date=23 April 2009|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> started in late April 2009 with a wave of concerts across the United States and Canada, took him across Latin America in the autumn, as well as the USA once again. In August 2011 Aznavour released a new album, ''{{lang|fr|Aznavour Toujours}}'', featuring 11 new songs, and ''{{lang|fr|Elle}}'', a French re-working of his greatest international hit, "[[She (Charles Aznavour song)|She]]". Following the release of ''{{lang|fr|Aznavour Toujours}}'', then 87-year-old Aznavour began a tour across France and Europe, named ''{{lang|fr|Charles Aznavour en Toute Intimité}}'', which started with 21 concerts in the Olympia theatre in Paris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.songkick.com/artists/302900-charles-aznavour/calendar?page=1|title=Charles Aznavour upcoming concerts|publisher=Songkick.com|date=9 January 2011|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> On 12 December 2011, he gave a concert in Moscow [[State Kremlin Palace]] that attracted a capacity crowd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/12/13/62116389.html|title=Charles Aznavour wows Moscow|date=13 December 2011|work=[[The Voice of Russia]]|access-date=20 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108165851/http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/12/13/62116389.html|archive-date=8 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The concert was followed by a standing ovation which continued for about fifteen minutes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.am/eng/news/85654.html|title=Moscow impressed by Charles Aznavour (VIDEO)|publisher=News.am|date=13 December 2011|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref>

In 2012, Aznavour embarked on a new North American leg of his ''{{lang|fr|En toute intimité}}'' tour, visiting [[Quebec (Province)|Quebec]] and the [[Gibson Amphitheatre]] in [[Los Angeles]], the third-largest such venue in [[California]], for multiple shows. However, the shows in [[New York (state)|New York]] were cancelled following a contract dispute.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/24/charles-aznavour-cancels-new-york-shows-in-contract-dispute/?_r=0|newspaper=The New York Times|first=Jennifer|last=Schuessler|title=Charles Aznavour Cancels New York Shows in Contract Dispute|date=24 April 2012}}</ref> On 16 August 2012, Aznavour performed in his father's birthplace, [[Akhaltsikhe]], in Georgia in a special concert as part of the opening ceremony of the recently restored Rabati castle.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/690552/|title=The star of Charles Aznavour was placed in Akhaltsikhe|work=[[Armenpress]]|date=17 August 2012|access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

On 25 October 2013, Aznavour performed in [[London]] for the first time in 25 years at the [[Royal Albert Hall]]; demand was so high that a second concert at the Royal Albert Hall was scheduled for June 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalalberthall.com/tickets/charles-aznavour/default.aspx|title=Charles Aznavour — Royal Albert Hall|publisher=Royalalberthall.com|date=3 November 2015|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> In November 2013, Aznavour appeared with [[Achinoam Nini]] (Noa) in a concert, dedicated to peace, at the Nokia Arena in [[Tel Aviv]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Noa and Charles Aznavour – She|url=http://www.noasmusic.com/noa-charles-aznavour-she/|website=Achinoam Nini's Official Website|date=29 September 2014}}</ref> The audience, including Israeli president [[Shimon Peres]] (Peres and Aznavour had a meeting prior to the performance), sang along.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fay|first=Greer|url=http://www.jpost.com/Arts-and-Culture/Music/Peres-among-Israeli-fans-attending-Aznavour-concert-332878|title=Peres among Israeli fans attending Aznavour concert - Arts & Culture - Jerusalem Post|publisher=Jpost.com|date=24 November 2013|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> In December 2013, Aznavour gave two concerts in the Netherlands at the [[Heineken Music Hall]] in [[Amsterdam]], and again in January 2016 (originally scheduled for November 2015, but postponed due to him suffering a brief bout of [[stomach flu]]).<ref>{{cite news |last=Brulin |first=Gael |date=26 November 2015 |title=Charles Aznavour : des concerts aux Pays-Bas reportés pour raisons de santé |url=https://www.24matins.fr/charles-aznavour-nassurera-pas-ses-concerts-aux-pays-bas-pour-raisons-de-sante-253961 |work=24matins |language=French |access-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204082136/https://www.24matins.fr/charles-aznavour-nassurera-pas-ses-concerts-aux-pays-bas-pour-raisons-de-sante-253961 |archive-date=4 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Leprovost |first=Pierre-Maxime |date=22 December 2016 |title=En plein concert au Palais des Sports, Charles Aznavour se moque de Michel Polnareff [Photos] |url=https://www.telestar.fr/culture/en-plein-concert-au-palais-des-sports-charles-aznavour-se-moque-de-michel-polnareff-photos-256860 |work=Télé Star |language=French |access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

In 2014, 2015 and 2016, Aznavour continued his international tour, including concerts in [[Brussels]], [[Berlin]], [[Frankfurt]], [[Barcelona]], [[Madrid]], [[Warsaw]], [[Prague]], [[Moscow]], [[Bucharest]], [[Antwerp]], London, [[Dubai]], [[Montreal]], [[New York City|New York]], [[Boston]], [[Miami]], Los Angeles, Osaka, [[Tokyo]], [[Lisbon]], [[Marbella]], [[Monaco]], [[Verona]], Amsterdam and Paris.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

In 2017 and 2018, his tour continued in [[São Paulo]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Santiago]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Moscow]], [[Vienna]], [[Perth]], [[Sydney]], [[Melbourne]] and [[Haiti]], Tokyo, Osaka, Madrid, [[Milan]], [[Rome]], Saint Petersburg, Paris, London, Amsterdam and [[Monaco]]. On 19 September 2018, what was to be his last concert took place in the NHK Hall of Osaka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.setlist.fm/search?query=artist:(Charles+Aznavour)+date:%5B2018-01-01+TO+2018-12-31%5D|title=Search for setlists: artist:(Charles Aznavour) date:[2018-01-01 TO 2018-12-31]|website=Setlist.fm|access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref>

===Film appearances===
''See: [[#Filmography|Filmography]]''
Aznavour also had a long and varied parallel career as an actor, appearing in over 80 films and TV movies. In 1960, Aznavour starred in [[François Truffaut]]'s ''[[Shoot the Piano Player|Tirez sur le pianiste]]'', playing a character called Édouard Saroyan, a café pianist. He also put in a critically acclaimed performance in the 1974 movie ''[[And Then There Were None (1974 film)|And Then There Were None]]''. Aznavour had an important supporting role in 1979's ''[[The Tin Drum (film)|The Tin Drum]]'', winner of the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]] in 1980. He co-starred in [[Claude Chabrol]]'s [[Les Fantômes du chapelier]] from 1982. In the 1984 version of ''[[Die Fledermaus]]'', he appears and performs as one of Prince Orlovsky's guests. This version stars [[Kiri Te Kanawa]] and was directed by Plácido Domingo in the Royal Opera House at [[Covent Garden]].<ref>{{cite web|last=IMDB|title=Die Fledermaus|website=[[IMDb]]|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0263346/}}</ref> Aznavour starred in the 2002 movie ''[[Ararat (film)|Ararat]]'', reprising his role of Edward (Édouard) Saroyan.<ref>{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Kevin |date=15 November 2002 |title=Genocide haunts and connects them |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-nov-15-et-ararat15-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref>

==Politics and activism==
===Civil rights===
Aznavour was well known for being a lifelong and active supporter of civil rights, fighting for equality among all races, religions and nationalities as he stated in many of his interviews during his lifetime. He was an early supporter of [[LGBT rights by country or territory|LGBT rights]]. His 1972 album, ''Idiote je t'aime...'', contained among others, one of his classics, "Comme ils disent" ("As They Say", the English version of which is titled "What Makes a Man"). The song was revolutionary at a time when talking about homosexuality was a taboo. In a later interview, Charles said "It's a kind of sickness I have, talking about things you're not supposed to talk about. I started with homosexuality and I wanted to break every taboo."<ref>{{cite news|author=Angelique Chrisafis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/jun/19/charles-aznavour-i-wanted-to-break-every-taboo|title=Charles Aznavour: 'I wanted to break every taboo'|newspaper=The Guardian|date=21 June 2015}}</ref>

=== Armenian activism ===
[[File:Charles Aznavour Museum, ArmAg.JPG|thumbnail|[[Charles Aznavour Museum]] in Yerevan]]
Following the [[1988 Armenian earthquake]], Aznavour helped the country through his charity, Aznavour for Armenia. Together with his brother in-law and co-author [[Georges Garvarentz]] he wrote the song "[[Pour toi Arménie]]", which was performed by a group of famous French artists and topped the charts for eighteen weeks. There are squares named after him with his statues [[Charles Aznavour Square, Yerevan|in central Yerevan]] on [[Abovyan Street]], and [[Charles Aznavour Square, Gyumri|in northern part of Gyumri]], which saw the most lives lost in the earthquake. In 1995 Aznavour was appointed an Ambassador and Permanent Delegate of Armenia to [[UNESCO]]. Aznavour was a member of the [[Armenia Fund]] International Board of Trustees. The organization has rendered more than $150 million in humanitarian aid and infrastructure development assistance to Armenia since 1992. He was appointed as "Officier" (Officer) of the [[Légion d'honneur]] in 1997.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://en.rfi.fr/20181001-charles-aznavour-dies-aged-94/ | title=Charles Aznavour dies, aged 94 | publisher=Radio France Internationale | date=1 October 2018 | author=Cross, Tony}}</ref>

In 2002, Aznavour appeared in director [[Atom Egoyan|Atom Egoyan's]] film ''[[Ararat (film)|Ararat]]'', about the [[Armenian genocide|genocide of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire]] in the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bernstein |first1=Adam |title=Charles Aznavour, daring and adored French singer and composer, dies at 94 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/local/obituaries/charles-aznavour-daring-and-adored-french-singer-and-composer-dies-at-94/2018/10/01/bf080f3e-c577-11e8-b1ed-1d2d65b86d0c_story.html&freshcontent=1 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref>

In 2004, Aznavour received the title of [[National Hero of Armenia]], Armenia's highest award. In 2005, he received the Ziad Karim's award. On 26 December 2008, President of Armenia [[Serzh Sargsyan]] signed a presidential decree for granting citizenship of Armenia to Aznavour whom he called a "prominent singer and public figure" and "a hero of the Armenian people".<ref name="Itzkoff" /><ref>{{cite news|title=French crooner Charles Aznavour granted Armenian citizenship|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20081227-french-crooner-charles-aznavour-granted-armenian-citizenship-/|agency=[[France 24]]|date=27 December 2008}}</ref>

In 2011, the [[Charles Aznavour Museum]] opened in Yerevan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Charles Aznavour's house museum ceremonially opens |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/665332.html |work=Armenpress |date=7 October 2011 |access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

In April 2016, Aznavour visited Armenia to participate in the [[Aurora Prize]] Award ceremony. On 24 April, along with [[Serzh Sargsyan]], the Catholicos of All Armenians, [[Garegin II]] and actor [[George Clooney]], he laid flowers at the [[Armenian Genocide Memorial]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armradio.am/en/2016/04/21/charles-aznavour-arrives-in-armenia-3/|title=Charles Aznavour arrives in Armenia|date=21 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/210947/|title=President, Aznavour, Clooney visit Genocide memorial|website=PanArmenian.net|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref>

In October 2016, Aznavour joined other prominent Armenians on calling the government of Armenia to adopt "new development strategies based on inclusiveness and collective action" and to create "an opportunity for the Armenian world to pivot toward a future of prosperity, to transform the post-Soviet Armenian Republic into a vibrant, modern, secure, peaceful and progressive homeland for a global nation."<ref>{{cite news |title='Global Armenians' Ad in NY Times Calls For 'Inclusive Leadership' in Armenia |url=http://asbarez.com/156506/global-armenians-ad-in-ny-times-calls-for-inclusive-leadership-in-armenia/ |work=[[Asbarez]] |date=October 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200803111610/http://asbarez.com/156506/global-armenians-ad-in-ny-times-calls-for-inclusive-leadership-in-armenia/ |archive-date=3 August 2020}}; text also available at {{cite web |title=The Future for All Armenians Is Now |url=https://auroraprize.com/en/news/detail/10454/future-for-global-armenians-is-now |website=auroraprize.com |publisher=[[Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200803111725/https://auroraprize.com/en/news/detail/10454/future-for-global-armenians-is-now |archive-date=3 August 2020}}</ref>

Along with holding the mostly ceremonial title of French [[ambassador-at-large]] to Armenia, Aznavour agreed to hold the position of Ambassador of Armenia to Switzerland on 12 February 2009:

<blockquote>First I hesitated, as it is not an easy task. Then I thought that what is important for Armenia is important for us. I have accepted the proposal with love, happiness and feeling of deep dignity<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panorama.am/en/politics/2009/02/13/posol/|title=Charles Aznavour Ambassador of Armenia to Switzerland|publisher=Panorama.am|date=13 February 2009|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref></blockquote>He wrote a song about the [[Armenian genocide]], entitled "[[Ils sont tombés]]" (known in English as "They fell").<ref>{{cite news|author=Nora Koloyan-Keuhnelian|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/33/312664/Arts--Culture/Music/Adieu-Aznavour.aspx|title=Adieu Aznavour|newspaper=[[Al-Ahram]]|date=2 October 2018|access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

Charles Aznavour and his son Nicolas Aznavour created Aznavour Foundation which aims to continue the educational, cultural and social projects started by the artist, as well as to preserve and promote the cultural and humanitarian heritage of Charles Aznavour who fought against any discrimination through his art and his global actions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.aznavourfoundation.org/aznavour-foundation-about-foundation-w1.html |title=About foundation |publisher=Aznavourfoundation.org |access-date=2021-07-14 |quote=The Aznavour Foundation, created by Charles Aznavour and his son Nicolas Aznavour aims at continuing the development and implementation of educational, cultural and social projects started by the legendary artist. |archive-date=14 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714090133/https://en.aznavourfoundation.org/aznavour-foundation-about-foundation-w1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Political involvement ===
{{quote box
| width = 22%
| align = right
| quote = Though he is considered the embodiment of Frenchness, Charles Aznavour is in fact a proud Armenian without a corpuscle of French blood in his body.
| source =  —[[Herbert Kretzmer]], Aznavour's long-time English lyric writer, 2014<ref>{{cite book|last=Kretzmer|first=Herbert|author-link1=Herbert Kretzmer|title=Snapshots: Encounters with Twentieth-Century Legends|chapter=Charles Aznavour - Troubadour|date=2014|publisher=[[Biteback Publishing]]}}</ref>}}

Aznavour was increasingly involved in French, Armenian and international politics as his career progressed. During the [[2002 French presidential election]]s, when far-right nationalist [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]] of the [[National Front (France)|National Front]] made it into the runoff election, facing incumbent [[Jacques Chirac]], Aznavour signed the "Vive la France" petition, and called on all French to "sing the [[La Marseillaise|Marseillaise]]" in protest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEN/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|title=Biography – Charles Aznavour|publisher=Rfimusique.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110416155211/http://www.rfimusique.com/siteen/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|archive-date=16 April 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> Chirac, a personal friend of Aznavour's,<ref>{{cite news |last=Liabot |first=Thomas |date=1 October 2018 |title=Charles Aznavour, l'homme des présidents |url=https://www.lejdd.fr/Culture/charles-aznavour-lhomme-des-presidents-3768698 |work=[[Le Journal du Dimanche]] |access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref> ended up winning in a landslide, carrying over 82% of the vote.<ref>{{cite news |last=Henley |first=Jon |date=6 May 2002 |title=Le Pen defeated but defiant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/may/06/france.thefarright2 |work=The Guardian |language=French |access-date=1 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020151337/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/may/06/france.thefarright2 |archive-date=20 October 2018}}</ref>

He frequently campaigned for international [[History of copyright law|copyright law reform]]. In November 2005 he met with then [[President of the European Commission]] [[José Manuel Barroso]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_views/view017.html|title=Charles Aznavour meets EC President José Manuel Barroso|date=1 September 2005|publisher=Ifpi.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615135028/http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_views/view017.html|archive-date=15 June 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> on the issue of the review of term of protection for performers and producers in the EU, advocating an extension of the EU's term of protection from the current 50 years to the United States' law allowing 95 years, saying "[o]n term of protection, artists and record companies are of the same mind. Extension of term of protection would be good for European culture, positive for the European economy and would put an end the current discrimination with the U.S." He also notably butted heads with French politician [[Christine Boutin]] over her defense of a "global license" flat-fee authorization for sharing of copyrighted files over the internet, claiming that the license would eliminate creativity. In May 2009, the French [[Senate of France|Senate]] approved one of the strictest [[Copyright law of France|internet anti-piracy bills]] ever with a landslide 189–14 vote. Aznavour was a vocal proponent of the measure and considered it a rousing victory:

<blockquote>If the youth can't make a living through creative work, they will do something else and the artistic world will be dealt a blow ... There will be no more songs, no more books, nothing at all. So we had to fight<ref>{{cite news|title=French bill to combat Internet piracy clears final hurdle|url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-technology/french-bill-to-combat-internet-piracy-clears-final-hurdle-20090513-b3bs.html|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=13 May 2009}}</ref>
</blockquote>

== Legacy ==

When [[Bob Dylan]] was asked who some of his favorite musicians are, he stated, "I like Charles Aznavour a lot. I saw him in sixty-something at [[Carnegie Hall]], and he just blew my brains out."<ref>''[[Rolling Stone]]'', 1987 (precise issue and date unknown)</ref>

[[Sting (musician)|Sting]] has stated that "To me he [Aznavour] is an icon. Not only as a singer, but as an actor, as a personality, as a master of 'chanson'."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03yfR1jaq6A |title=Sting Discusses DUETS - L'Amour C'est Comme Un Jour with Charles Aznavour |author=Sting |author-link=Sting (musician) |date=2 March 2021 |website=YouTube |access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref>

Aznavour was also highly regarded by [[Frank Sinatra]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Viscusi |first=Gregory |date=4 October 2018 |title=Charles Aznavour, a French singer compared to Sinatra, dies at 94 |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/obituaries/2018/10/04/Charles-Aznavour-a-French-singer-compared-to-Sinatra-dies-at-94/stories/201810040222 |work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |access-date=4 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803054317/https://www.post-gazette.com/news/obituaries/2018/10/04/Charles-Aznavour-a-French-singer-compared-to-Sinatra-dies-at-94/stories/201810040222 |archive-date=3 August 2021}}</ref> [[Celine Dion]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Kocharyan |first=Stepan |date=2 October 2018 |title='Monsieur Charles, you will always remain For me Formidable' – Celine Dion's touching words on Aznavour's death |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/949305.html |work=Armenpress |access-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002081736/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/949305.html |archive-date=2 October 2018}}</ref> [[Edith Piaf]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Leigh |first=Spencer |date=3 October 2018 |title=Charles Aznavour: French singer championed by Edith Piaf who never forgot his Armenian roots |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/charles-aznavour-dead-french-singer-frank-sinatra-edith-piaf-armenian-a8564646.html |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=3 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005203507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/charles-aznavour-dead-french-singer-frank-sinatra-edith-piaf-armenian-a8564646.html |archive-date=5 October 2018}}</ref> and [[Liza Minnelli]], with whom he performed and recorded. Minnelli has said of the singer, "He changed my entire life."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Liza Minnelli, the one and only|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/liza-minnelli-the-one-and-only/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Cbsnews.com|date=16 January 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In August 2017, at age 93, he was awarded a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/25/french-singer-charles-aznavour-gets-hollywood-star-age-93/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/25/french-singer-charles-aznavour-gets-hollywood-star-age-93/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=French singer Charles Aznavour gets Hollywood star at age of 93|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|via=Reuters News|date=25 August 2017|access-date=5 May 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Aznavour has been widely regarded as one of the most famous [[Armenians]] of his time,<ref>{{cite news |last=Mkrtchyan |first=Hasmik |date=2 October 2018 |title=Armenians pay last tribute to beloved singer Aznavour |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-aznavour-armenia/armenians-pay-last-tribute-to-beloved-singer-aznavour-idUSKCN1MC1QX |work=Reuters |access-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002155716/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-aznavour-armenia/armenians-pay-last-tribute-to-beloved-singer-aznavour-idUSKCN1MC1QX |archive-date=2 October 2018}}</ref> and a major pop culture icon of the 20th century.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dupont |first=Veronique |date=25 August 2017 |title=Charles Aznavour, the 'French Frank Sinatra', honoured with Hollywood Walk of Fame star |url=https://www.thelocal.fr/20170825/french-legend-charles-aznavour-dubbed-the-french-frank-sinatra-honoured-with-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star/ |work=[[The Local]] |access-date=6 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206081932/https://www.thelocal.fr/20170825/french-legend-charles-aznavour-dubbed-the-french-frank-sinatra-honoured-with-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star/ |archive-date=6 December 2017}}</ref>

His musicality and fame abroad had a significant impact on many areas of pop culture. Aznavour's name inspired the alias of the character [[Char Aznable]] by [[Yoshiyuki Tomino]] in his 1979 [[mecha anime]] series ''[[Mobile Suit Gundam]]''. Char would become a Japanese pop cultural icon and the most famous character over a decades-long franchise.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbr.com/mobile-suit-gundam-char-aznable-facts-true-fans-know/ |title=Mobile Suit Gundam: 10 Things Only True Fans Know About Char Aznable |last=Ashford |first=Sage |date=31 December 2019 |website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |access-date=31 December 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101141829/https://www.cbr.com/mobile-suit-gundam-char-aznable-facts-true-fans-know/ |archive-date=1 January 2020}}</ref>

Music critic Stephen Holden described Aznavour as a "French pop deity".<ref name="holden-tnyt" />

His song "[[Parce Que Tu Crois]]" was sampled by producer [[Dr. Dre]] for the song "What's the Difference" (featuring [[Eminem]] & [[Xzibit]]), from his album ''[[2001 (Dr. Dre album)|2001]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiser |first=Danny |date=2021-10-25 |title=FRANCE/ARMENIA: La Bohème - Charles Aznavour |url=https://www.200worldalbums.com/post/france-armenia-la-boh%C3%A8me-charles-aznavour |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=200worldalbums.com |language=en}}</ref>

He was mentioned in [[The Psychedelic Furs]] song "Sister Europe" ("The radio upon the floor / is stupid, it plays Aznavour"), the [[Kemal Monteno]] song "Stavi tiho Aznavoura" ("''Play Aznavour quietly''") and the [[Jonathan Richman]] song "Give Paris One More Chance".{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}

In 1990, he offered insights into his life to writer-director [[Michael Feeney Callan]] in the TV series ''My Riviera'', which was filmed at and around Aznavour's home in [[Port Grimaud]], in the South of France.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}

At the [[2022 Winter Olympics]] American figure skater [[Nathan Chen]] performed his team event short program on February 4, 2022, to Aznavour's ''La Boheme''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/nathan-chen-team-event-clean-short-program|title=Nathan Chen makes a statement with commanding short program in Olympic team event | NBC Olympics|website=Nbcolympics.com|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
[[File:Charles aznavour.jpg|thumb|left|Aznavour in the late 2000s]]

Aznavour was married three times: to Micheline Rugel (in 1946),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0002198/bio|title=Biography for Charles Aznavour|publisher=imdb.com|access-date=29 January 2013}}</ref> Evelyn Plessis (in 1956) and his widow, Ulla Thorsell (in 1967). Five children were produced by these marriages: [[Seda Aznavour|Seda]], Charles, Patrick, Katia, Mischa, and Nicolas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monsieur-biographie.com/celebrite/biographie/charles_aznavour-1503.php|title=Biographie de Charles Aznavour|publisher=leParisien.fr|access-date=29 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.femmeactuelle.fr/actu/news-actu/charles-aznavour-qui-sont-ses-six-enfants-2070163|title=Charles Aznavour : qui sont ses six enfants, Seda, Charles, Patrick, Katia, Mischa et Nicolas ?|date=1 October 2018|magazine=[[Femme Actuelle]]|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref>

Aznavour often joked about his physique, the most talked-about aspect of which was his height; he stood {{convert|160|cm|ftin|0|abbr=on}} tall. He made this a source of self-deprecating humour over the years.<ref name="encyclopedia" />

In April 2018, shortly before his 94th birthday, Aznavour was taken to hospital in [[Saint Petersburg]] after straining his back during a rehearsal prior to a concert in the city. The concert was postponed until the following season, but eventually cancelled since he died six months later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asbarez.com/171907/charles-aznavour-hospitalized-in-st-petersburg/|title=Charles Aznavour Hospitalized in St. Petersburg – Asbarez.com|website=asbarez.com|access-date=5 May 2018|date=25 April 2018}}</ref> On 5 May 2018, he was a guest on BBC Radio 2's ''[[Graham Norton#Radio|Graham Norton]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0b196f5|title=With Pam Ayres, Charles Aznavour, plus Rylan Clark-Neal and Scott Mills, Graham Norton – BBC Radio 2|website=BBC|access-date=5 May 2018}}</ref>

A week later, on 12 May, he broke his arm in two places in a fall at his home in the village of [[Mouriès]], resulting in the cancellation of all shows until the end of June. This was eventually extended to include the 18 shows scheduled for August, because of a longer healing process.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywood.com/general/charles-aznavour-cancels-more-appearances-due-to-broken-arm-60724248/|title=Charles Aznavour cancels more appearances due to broken arm|website=hollywood.com|access-date=2 October 2018|date=18 June 2018}}</ref> In a program on French television broadcast on 28 September, only three days before his death, he mentioned that he was still feeling the pain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yO3VdHuop50 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/yO3VdHuop50| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|title=Aznavour: le monument français! – C à Vous – 28/09/2018|website=YouTube|date=28 September 2018|access-date=2 October 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== Death and funeral ==
{{external media|float=right|width=250px|video1=[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ko_wz5Ijn5w&list=LLUIxeJpjyot4tTyNwP2fNfg&t Charles Aznavour's Funeral]}}
On 1 October 2018, Aznavour was found dead in a bathtub at his home at Mouriès at the age of 94.<ref name="francetvinfo">{{cite web|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/emploi/metiers/art-culture-edition/mort-de-charles-aznavour-la-cause-de-la-mort-est-naturelle_2966913.html|title=Mort de Charles Aznavour : "La cause de la mort est naturelle"|website=[[FranceTV]]|date=2 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtl.fr/culture/musique/charles-aznavour-est-decede-a-l-age-de-94-ans-7795003841|title=Charles Aznavour est décédé à l'âge de 94 ans|website=RTL France|date=1 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref><ref name="LD">{{cite web|url=https://www.ledauphine.com/france-monde/2018/10/01/le-chanteur-charles-aznavour-est-decede|title=Le chanteur Charles Aznavour est décédé|newspaper=[[Le Dauphiné libéré]]|date=1 October 2018|access-date=1 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-45709214?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_linkname=news_central&ns_campaign=bbc_breaking|title=Singer Charles Aznavour dies at 94|website=[[BBC News (TV Channel)|BBC News]]|date=1 October 2018|access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/01/obituaries/charles-aznavour-dead.html|title=Charles Aznavour, Enduring French Singer of Global Fame, Dies at 94|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1 October 2018|access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref> At the time of his death his tax residence was in [[Saint-Sulpice, Vaud]], Switzerland.<ref>{{cite news|author=Marion Moussadek|url=http://www.lematin.ch/people/aznavour-j-pousse-vivre-suisse/story/27633469|title=Aznavour: "J'ai été poussé à vivre en Suisse"|newspaper=[[Le Matin (Switzerland)|Le Matin]]|date=12 November 2013|access-date=13 November 2013|language=fr}}</ref> The autopsy report concluded that Aznavour died of [[cardiorespiratory arrest]] complicated by an acute [[pulmonary edema]].<ref name="francetvinfo"/> A requiem mass for him was held on 6 October by Catholicos [[Karekin II]] at the [[Armenian Cathedral of St. John the Baptist]] in Paris.<ref>{{cite news|title=PM Pashinyan attends requiem ceremony offered for Charles Aznavour at St. John the Baptist Church in Paris|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/949966.html|work=Armenpress|date=6 October 2018}}</ref>

On 5 October, Aznavour was honoured with a [[state funeral]] at [[Les Invalides]] in Paris. The president [[Emmanuel Macron]] delivered a [[eulogy]] describing Aznavour as one of the most important "faces of France", and his lyrics as, "for millions of people a balm, a remedy, a comfort ... For so many decades, he has made our life sweeter, our tears less bitter." His coffin was carried out as his song, "Emmenez-Moi" (Take Me Along), played.<ref>{{cite news|author=Angelique Chrisafis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/05/in-france-poets-never-die-france-pays-homage-to-aznavour-funeral|title='In France, poets never die': Macron pays tribute to Aznavour 'Son of immigrants' likened to Apollinaire and praised for his cultural contribution to France|newspaper=The Guardian|date=5 October 2018|access-date=14 October 2018}}</ref> Dignitaries attending the funeral also included [[French Prime Minister]] [[Édouard Philippe]], former presidents [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] and [[François Hollande]], as well as [[Armenian President]] [[Armen Sarkissian]] and Prime Minister [[Nikol Pashinyan]] and their wives.<ref>{{cite news|author=Brian Love|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-aznavour/france-bids-adieu-to-aznavour-pays-tribute-to-armenian-roots-idUSKCN1MF0YY|title=France bids adieu to Aznavour, pays tribute to Armenian roots|website=[[Reuters]]|date=5 October 2018|access-date=14 October 2018}}</ref>

He is interred in the family crypt at the [[Montfort-l'Amaury]] cemetery.<ref>[https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/medias-people/du-monde-a-montfort-l-amaury-pour-se-recueillir-sur-la-tombe-de-charles-aznavour-1541236036 Du monde à Montfort l'Amaury pour se recueillir sur la tombe de Charles Aznavour], [[France Bleu]] (in French). 3 November 2018.</ref>

==Awards and recognition==
[[File:Charles Aznavour Gyumri statue 2.jpg|thumb|300px|Statue of Aznavour in [[Gyumri]], Armenia]]

===Decorations===
* [[File:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|40px]] Knight of the French [[Legion of Honour]]: 1989
* [[File:Legion Honneur Officier ribbon.svg|40px]] Officer of the French [[Legion of Honour]]: 1997<ref>{{cite web |date=2 January 2004 |title=France/Légion d'honneur : la promotion du Nouvel An ŕ de nombreuses personnalités de divers milieux |url=http://french.peopledaily.com.cn/french/200401/02/fra20040102_64742.html |access-date=18 August 2015 |publisher=French.peopledaily.com.cn |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[File:Legion Honneur Commandeur ribbon.svg|40px]] Commandeur of the French [[Legion of Honour]]: 2003<ref>{{Cite news |title=Aznavour commandeur de la Légion d'honneur |language=fr |work=O |url=https://o.nouvelobs.com/people/20040514.OBS9273/aznavour-commandeur-de-la-legion-d-honneur.html |access-date=20 January 2018}}</ref>
* [[File:Ordre national du Merite Officier ribbon.svg|40px]] Officer in the [[Ordre national du Mérite|French Order of Merit]]: 1986
* [[File:Ordre national du Merite Commandeur ribbon.svg|40px]] Commandeur in the [[Ordre national du Mérite|French Order of Merit]]: 2000
* [[File:Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Commandeur ribbon.svg|40px]] Commandeur de l'[[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]]: 1997
* [[File:National Hero of Armenia ribbon.png|40px]] [[National Hero of Armenia]]: 2004<ref>{{cite web |date=28 May 2004 |title=Charles Aznavour and Kirk Kerkorian National Heroes of Armenia |url=http://www.panarmenian.net/news/eng/?nid=10630 |access-date=1 May 2011 |publisher=Panarmenian.net}}</ref>
* [[File:BEL Order of Leopold II - Officer BAR.png|40px]] Officer in the Belgian [[Order of Leopold II]]: 2004<ref>{{cite news |date=1 October 2018 |title=Les liens particuliers de Charles Aznavour avec la Belgique |language=fr |newspaper=La Libre |url=http://www.lalibre.be/culture/musique/les-liens-particuliers-de-charles-aznavour-avec-la-belgique-5bb24b45cd70a16d81296362 |access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[File:BEL Kroonorde Commandeur BAR.svg|40px]] Commandeur in the Belgian [[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Order of the Crown]]: 2015<ref>{{cite web |date=16 November 2015 |title=Charles Aznavour fait commandeur de l'Ordre de la couronne |url=https://www.rtbf.be/culture/musique/detail_charles-aznavour-fait-commandeur-de-l-ordre-de-la-couronne?id=9137952 |website=[[RTBF]] |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[File:CAN Order of Canada Officer ribbon.svg|40px]] Officer in the [[Order of Canada]]: 2008<ref name="The Canadian Press">{{cite web |date=31 March 2009 |title=Aznavour receives Order of Canada honours in Quebec - The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/article695422.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903182059/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/article695422.ece |archive-date=3 September 2009 |access-date=18 August 2015 |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]}}</ref>
* [[File:Barrette Ordre national du Québec - Officier.svg|40px]] Officer in the [[National Order of Quebec]]: 2009<ref>{{cite web |title=Citation |url=http://www.ordre-national.gouv.qc.ca/membres/membre.asp?id=2558 |work=National Order of Quebec}}</ref>
* [[File:JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 4Class BAR.svg|40px]] Japanese [[Order of the Rising Sun]]: 2018

===Honours===
* [[Medal of the City of Paris]]: 1969
* Grand Medal of the [[French Academy]]: 1995<ref>{{cite web |date=1 October 2018 |title=5 dates clés dans la carrière de Charles Aznavour |url=http://www.nostalgie.fr/artistes/charles-aznavour/actualites/5-dates-cles-dans-la-carriere-de-charles-aznavour-344036 |access-date=2 October 2018 |publisher=Nostalgie |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[Armenian nationality law|Citizenship]] of Armenia<ref name="Itzkoff" />
* [[Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal]]: 2012
* Raoul Wallenberg Medal: 2017<ref name="Wallenberg Medal" />

=== Awards ===
* Best Actor Award from the French Cinema Academy for his role in ''La Tête contre les murs'' by [[Georges Franju]]: 1959
* [[Edison Award]]s (three-time award winner): 1963, 1971 and 1980<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Lumley|editor1-first=Elizabeth|title=Canadian Who's Who 2009|date=2009|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|isbn=978-0802040923|page=50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X4cOAQAAMAAJ}}</ref>
* First Prize for French Song in Japan for La Mamma: 1964
* American Society of Songwriters Award: 1969
* [[Golden Lion]] Honorary Award at the [[Venice Film Festival]] for the Italian version of the song ''Mourir d'aimer'': 1971<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/musique/videos-mourir-d-aimer-charles-aznavour-contre-le-conservatisme-des-annees-1970_1699181.html | title=Mourir d'aimer: Charles Aznavour contre le conservatisme des années 1970 | magazine=L'Express | date=19 July 2015 | access-date=2 October 2018 | author=Colonna-Césari, Annick}}</ref>
* Bernard-Lecache award
* Ambassador of Goodwill and Permanent Delegate of Armenia to [[UNESCO]]: 1995<ref>{{cite web |url=http://erc.unesco.org/cp/cp.asp?country=am&language=e |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031011174649/http://erc.unesco.org/cp/cp.asp?country=AM&language=E |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 October 2003 |title=Delegation of Armenia to UNESCO |publisher=Erc.unesco.org |access-date=1 May 2011 }}</ref>
* Induction into the [[Songwriters Hall of Fame]]: 1996<ref>{{cite web | author=Gregory Viscusi| url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-01/charles-aznavour-french-singer-compared-to-sinatra-dies-at-94 | title=Charles Aznavour, French Singer Compared to Sinatra, Dies at 94 | publisher=Bloomberg | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018 }}</ref>
* French [[Victoires de la Musique|Victoire]] award for Male Artist of the Year: 1997<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/les-grandes-dates-de-la-vie-de-charles-aznavour-01-10-2018-2259278_3.php | title=Les grandes dates de la vie de Charles Aznavour | magazine=Le Point | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* Honorary [[César Award]]: 1997<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/french-singer-actor-charles-aznavour-dies-at-age-94/ | title=French singer, actor Charles Aznavour dies at age 94 | publisher=CBS | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[MIDEM]] Lifetime Achievement Award: 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panarmenian.net/news/eng/?nid=28195 |title=Aznavour to receive MIDEM award, PanArmenian.net, 15.01.2009 |publisher=Panarmenian.net |date=15 January 2009 |access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref>
* [[Grigor Lusavorich]] award of [[Nagorno-Karabakh Republic]]: 2009<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.regnum.ru/news/fd-abroad/armenia/1164595.html |title=Именем Шарля Азнавура в Степанакерте назван культурный центр, Regnum, 2009 |publisher=Regnum.ru |date=18 May 2009 |access-date=1 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308225932/http://www.regnum.ru/news/fd-abroad/armenia/1164595.html |archive-date=8 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Honorary Doctorate from the [[University of Montreal]]: 2009<ref>{{cite news | url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/charles-aznavour-who-had-lifelong-love-affair-with-quebec-has-died | title=Charles Aznavour, who had lifelong love affair with Quebec, has died | newspaper=Montreal Gazette | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* Honorary order from Russia "For contributing to strengthening cultural relations between Russia and France": 2010{{cn|date=May 2023}}
* Special Prize named after [[Rouben Mamoulian]] of the "Hayak" National Film Awards in Armenia for "his great contribution to world cinema": 2014<ref>{{cite news|title=The French-Armenian legendary singer Charles Aznavour was awarded with the special prize named after Ruben Mamulyan during|url=http://armenpress.am/eng/news/761674/charles-aznavour-is-awarded-with-special-prize-named-after-ruben-mamulyan-at-%E2%80%9Chayak%E2%80%9D.html|access-date=8 June 2014|work=Armenpress|date=13 May 2014}}</ref>
* Honorary Award at the [[NRJ Music Award]]s: 2015
* Star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] for Live Performance, located at 6225 [[Hollywood Boulevard]]: 2016<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/people-charlesaznavour-idUSL4N1CY1ZN|title=French crooner Charles Aznavour gets honorary Hollywood Star plaque|date=29 October 2016|website=Reuters}}</ref>

===Statues and busts===
* At Carrefour de l'Odéon in [[Paris]], a bust of Aznavour was unveiled in 2021, in the neighborhood where Aznavour grew up <ref>https://parissecret.com/un-buste-de-bronze-de-charles-aznavour-inaugure-a-paris-en-sa-memoire-2021/</ref><ref>https://www.arts-in-the-city.com/2021/05/26/un-buste-en-bronze-de-charles-aznavour-inaugure-a-paris/</ref>.
* In [[Gyumri]], Armenia there is a statue of Aznavour in a square named after him
* In [[Artsakh Republic]], a monument-bust of Aznavour was built in front of the Charles Aznavour Culture Center in Stepanakert in 2021<ref>https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1053101/</ref> to mark Aznavour's 100th birthday<ref>https://factor.am/746244.html</ref>. [[Azerbaijan]] destroyed it after invading in September, 2023<ref>https://factor.am/746244.html</ref>.
* In [[Varna, Bulgaria]] a seated statue of Aznavour was unveiled in 2022<ref>https://en.armradio.am/2022/06/01/charles-aznavour-monument-unveiled-in-varna-bulgaria/</ref>

==Bibliography==
*''Aznavour par Aznavour'', Paris, Fayard, 1970, 311 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-7020-0214-8}}).
*''Des mots à l'affiche'', Paris, Le Cherche-midi, 1991, 153 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-86274-210-6}}).
*''Mes chansons préférées'', (co-authored with Daniel Sciora), Christian Pirot, 2000
*''Le Temps des avants'', Paris, Flammarion, 2003, 354 p. ({{ISBN|2-08-068536-8}}).
*''Images de ma vie'' (photo book), Flammarion, 2005
*''Mon père, ce géant'', Paris, Flammarion, 2007, 152 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-08-120974-9}} et 2-08-120974-8)
*''À voix basse'', Paris, Don Quichotte, 2009, 225 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-35949-001-5}}).
*''D'une porte l'autre'', Paris, Éditions Don Quichotte, 2011, 163 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-35949-044-2}})
*''En haut de l'affiche'', Paris, Flammarion, 2011, 150 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-08-125710-8}})
*''Tant que battra mon cœur'', Paris, Éditions Don Quichotte, 2013, 228 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-35949-162-3}})
*''Ma vie, mes chansons, mes films'', (co-authored with Philippe Durant & Vincent Perrot), Paris, Éditions de la Martinière, 2015, 232 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-7324-7083-2}})
*''Retiens la vie'', Paris, Éditions Don Quichotte, 2017, 139 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-35949-683-3}})

==Discography==
{{Main|Charles Aznavour discography}}

==Filmography==
{{Main|Charles Aznavour filmography}}

==See also==

*[[List of best-selling music artists]]
*[[Armenia–France relations]]

==References==
;Notes
{{notelist-ua}}

;Citations
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

;Works cited
* {{cite book |last=Belleret |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Vie et légendes de Charles Aznavour |language=fr |publisher=Archipel |isbn=9782809823783}}
* {{cite book |last=Dicale |first=Bertrand |date=2017 |title=Tout Aznavour |language=fr |isbn=978-2-412-03531-3}}

==External links==

{{commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://www.charlesaznavour-lesite.fr}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181005152752/https://aznavourfoundation.org/en/ Aznavour Foundation]
* [http://imusic.am/artist/4963 Charles Aznavour ] on imusic.am
* {{cite web|url=http://www.armenian.ch/index.php?id=ambassador|title=Portrait de S.E. Charles Aznavour|publisher=Embassy of Armenia in Switzerland|language=fr|access-date=21 February 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630015859/http://www.armenian.ch/index.php?id=ambassador|archive-date=30 June 2014}}
* {{IMDb name|2198|Charles Aznavour}}
* {{Shof|id=61|name=Charles Aznavour}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110416155211/http://www.rfimusique.com/siteen/biographie/biographie_6059.asp Biography] by [[Radio France International]]
* [http://www.aznavour.narod.ru/ Charles Aznavour – Armenian-Russian Pages]

{{s-start}}
{{s-ach|aw}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Maxime Le Forestier]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Victoires de la Musique#Male Artist of the Year|Male artist of the year]] at the [[Victoires de la Musique]]|years = 1997}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Florent Pagny]]}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef|rows=2|before = [[Zohrab Mnatsakanian]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Permanent Representative]] of Armenia to the [[United Nations Office at Geneva|United Nations in Geneva]]|years = from 26 June 2009 till 1 October 2018}}
{{s-inc|rows=2}}
{{s-ttl|title = Ambassador of Armenia to Switzerland|years = from 30 June 2009 till 1 October 2018}}
{{s-end}}

{{Charles Aznavour}}
{{Honorary César}}
{{National Heroes of Armenia}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aznavour, Charles}}
[[Category:Charles Aznavour| ]]
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Armenia to Switzerland]]
[[Category:Angel Records artists]]
[[Category:Armenian Apostolic Christians]]
[[Category:Barclay Records artists]]
[[Category:Capitol Records artists]]
[[Category:César Honorary Award recipients]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)]]
[[Category:Order of Leopold (Belgium)]]
[[Category:English-language singers from France]]
[[Category:Ethnic Armenian male actors]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of France]]
[[Category:French people of Armenian descent]]
[[Category:French male film actors]]
[[Category:French male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:French singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:German-language singers]]
[[Category:Italian-language singers of France]]
[[Category:Male actors from Paris]]
[[Category:Liberty Records artists]]
[[Category:Mercury Records artists]]
[[Category:MGM Records artists]]
[[Category:Monument Records artists]]
[[Category:National Hero of Armenia]]
[[Category:Officers of the National Order of Quebec]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of Canada]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun]]
[[Category:Permanent Delegates of Armenia to UNESCO]]
[[Category:Permanent Representatives of Armenia to the United Nations]]
[[Category:RCA Records artists]]
[[Category:RCA Victor artists]]
[[Category:Reprise Records artists]]
[[Category:Spanish-language singers of France]]
[[Category:Deaths from pulmonary edema]]

Charles Aznavour

2024-02-28T01:40:39Z

RaffiKojian: aznavour statues and busts

{{Short description|French singer and songwriter (1924–2018)}}
{{redirect|Aznavour|other uses|Aznavour (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Charles Aznavour
| native_name = {{nobold|Շահնուր Ազնավուրյան}}
| native_name_lang = hy
| image = Charles Aznavour 1961.jpg
| caption = Aznavour in 1961
| birth_name = Charles Aznavourian
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1924|5|22}}
| birth_place = Akhaltsikhe, Georgia
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2018|10|1|1924|5|22}}
| death_place = [[Mouriès]], France
| burial_place = [[Montfort-l'Amaury]] ([[Yvelines]]), France
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Singer-lyricist
* actor
* public activist
* diplomat
}}
| years_active = 1933–2018
| spouse = {{plainlist}}
* {{marriage|Micheline Rugel|1946|1952|reason=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Evelyne Plessis|1956|1960|reason=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Ulla Thorsell |1967|}}
{{endplainlist}}
| children = 6, including [[Seda Aznavour|Seda]]
| awards = {{ubli|[[Legion of Honour]] (1997, 2001, 2004)|{{see below| {{section link||Awards and recognition}}}}}}
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| genre = {{flatlist|
*[[Pop music|Pop]]
*[[chanson]]
}}
| label = {{flatlist|
*[[EMI Records|EMI]]
*[[Barclay Records|Barclay]]
*[[Mercury Records|Mercury]]
*[[Monument Records|Monument]]
*[[MGM Records|MGM]]
*[[Polydor Records|Polydor]]
*[[Reprise Records|Reprise]]
*[[Liberty Records|Liberty]]
*[[RCA Records#Beginnings and history|RCA Victor]]
*MusArm
*[[Som Livre]]
}}
| associated_acts =
| website = {{URL|charlesaznavour.com}}
}}
}}

'''Charles Aznavour''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|z|n|ə|ˈ|v|ʊər}} {{respell|AZ|nə|VOOR}}, {{IPA-fr|ʃaʁl aznavuʁ|lang}}; born '''Charles Aznavourian''' (which appears on his birth certificate, although his parents originally wanted to name him Shahnour Vaghinag Aznavourian), {{lang-hy|Շահնուր Վաղինակ Ազնավուրյան}}, {{lang|hy-Latn|Shahnur Vaghinak Aznavuryan}};{{efn-ua|Also spelled Chahnour,<ref name="Hovannisian"/> and Varenagh.<ref name="Katz">{{cite book|last=Katz|first=Ephraim|author-link=Ephraim Katz|title=The Film Encyclopedia|publisher=HarperCollins|location=New York|isbn=9780062277114|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=OUujVPHXBZIC&q=%22Shahnour%22+Varenagh+Aznavourian%22&pg=PA1653 1653]|edition=7th|date=26 February 2013}}</ref>}} 22 May 1924 – 1 October 2018)<ref name="armenian.ch">{{cite web|title=Portrait de S.E. Charles Aznavour|url=http://www.armenian.ch/index.php?id=ambassador|publisher=Embassy of Armenia in Switzerland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630015859/http://www.armenian.ch/index.php?id=ambassador|archive-date=30 June 2014|language=fr}}</ref> was a [[Armenians in France|French singer of Armenian ancestry]], as well as a [[lyricist]], [[actor]] and [[diplomat]]. Aznavour was known for his distinctive vibrato [[tenor]] voice:<ref>{{cite news|last=Riding|first=Alan|author-link1=Alan Riding|date=18 October 1998|title=Aznavour, The Last Chanteur|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/18/arts/music-aznavour-the-last-chanteur.html|quote=his highly distinct tenor voice}}</ref> clear and ringing in its upper reaches, with gravelly and profound low notes. In a career as a [[composer]], [[Singer-songwriter|singer and songwriter]], spanning over 70 years, he recorded more than 1,200 songs interpreted in 9 languages.<ref>Charles Aznavour recorded in French, English, Italian, Spanish, German, Armenian (''Yes kou rimet'n tchim kidi'', ''La goutte d'eau'' and ''Sirerk''), Neapolitan (''Napule amica mia''), Russian (''Vetchnai lioubov'') and Kabyle (''La bohème'' in a duet with Idir).[http://www.goplanete.com/aznavour/catalogue/catalogue.htm Charles Aznavour Songs Catalog]</ref> Moreover, he wrote or co-wrote more than 1,000 songs for himself and others. Aznavour is regarded as one of the greatest songwriters of all time and an icon of 20th-century pop culture.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 October 2018|title=Master of the chanson Charles Aznavour dead at 94|url=https://www.dw.com/en/master-of-the-chanson-charles-aznavour-dead-at-94/a-17649140|website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref>

One of France's most popular and enduring singers,<ref name="Deutsche Welle"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Shea|first1=Michael|title=The Freedom Years: Tactical Tips for the Trailblazer Generation|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Chichester|isbn=9781841127545|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=roN-4QHeZQYC&dq=Charles+Aznavour+%22best+known%22&pg=PA122 122]|quote=One of France's best known pop stars, Charles Aznavour}}</ref> he was dubbed France's [[Frank Sinatra]],<ref name="Deming"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Hunter-Tilney|first=Ludovic|title=Charles Aznavour, Royal Albert Hall, London – review|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/8174330c-3fce-11e3-8882-00144feabdc0.html#axzz365LcGLPa|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210221210/https://www.ft.com/content/8174330c-3fce-11e3-8882-00144feabdc0#axzz365LcGLPa|archive-date=10 December 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|access-date=30 June 2014|newspaper=[[Financial Times]]|date=28 October 2013}}</ref> while music critic [[Stephen Holden]] described Aznavour as a "French pop deity".<ref name="holden-tnyt">{{cite news |last=Holden |first=Stephen |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=30 April 2009 |title=Aznavour Exploring Both Love and l'Amour |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/01/arts/music/01azna.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=30 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102174118/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/01/arts/music/01azna.html |archive-date=2 January 2015}}</ref> Several media outlets described him as the most famous [[Armenians|Armenian]] of all time.<ref name="Deutsche Welle">{{cite news|last=Cords|first=Suzanne|title=The master of the chanson|url=http://dw.de/p/1C3LY|date=21 May 2014|access-date=30 June 2014|agency=[[Deutsche Welle]]|quote=Long a legend, Charles Aznavour is the best known French chansonnier and arguably Armenia's most famous son.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Akopian|first=Aram|title=Armenians and the World: Yesterday and Today|date=2001|publisher=Noyan Tapan|location=Yerevan|isbn=9789993051299|page=91|quote=It will be probably just to say that today he is the most famous Armenian, known and admired all over the world.}}</ref> [[Jean Cocteau]] once said: "Before Aznavour despair was unpopular".<ref>{{cite news|author=Alexis Petridis|title=From drag queens to dead marriages, Charles Aznavour was far from easy listening|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/oct/01/from-drag-queens-to-dead-marriages-charles-aznavour-was-far-from-easy-listening|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=1 October 2018|access-date=5 October 2018}}</ref>

Aznavour sang for presidents, popes and royalty, as well as at humanitarian events. In response to the [[1988 Armenian earthquake]], he founded the charitable organization ''Aznavour for Armenia'' along with his long-time friend [[impresario]] [[Levon Sayan]]. In 2008, he was granted Armenian citizenship<ref name="Itzkoff">{{cite news|last=Itzkoff|first=David|author-link=David Itzkoff|date=26 December 2008|title=Aznavour Granted Armenian Citizenship|newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/27/arts/27arts-AZNAVOURGRAN_BRF.html?partner=rss&emc=rss|access-date=10 February 2014}}</ref> and was appointed ambassador of Armenia to [[Switzerland]] the following year, as well as Armenia's permanent delegate to the United Nations at [[Geneva]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Aznavour to become Armenian envoy|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7888243.stm|agency=BBC|date=13 February 2009}}</ref>

He started his last world tour in 2014. On 24 August 2017, Aznavour was awarded the 2,618th star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]. Later that year, he and his sister, [[Aida Aznavourian]], were awarded the [[Raoul Wallenberg Award]] for sheltering Jews during World War II. His concert at the [[NHK Osaka Hall|NHK Hall]] in [[Osaka]], on 19 September 2018,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtl.fr/culture/musique/mort-de-charles-aznavour-le-japon-pleure-la-disparition-du-chanteur-7795010558|title=Le Japon pleure la disparition de Charles Aznavour|website=RTL France|access-date=14 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref> would be his final performance.

Between 1974 and 2016, Charles Aznavour received around sixty gold and platinum records around the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://snepmusique.com/les-certifications/?interprete=charles%20aznavour|title = Les certifications}}</ref> According to his record company, the total sales of the artist's recordings were over 180 million units.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.universalmusic.fr/artistes/20000048069|title = Charles Aznavour - Universal Music France}}</ref><ref>[https://www.lanouvellerepublique.fr/a-la-une/rien-n-arrete-aznavour] {{dead link|date=June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/musique/1300-titres-80-films-8-langues-la-carriere-de-charles-aznavour-en-chiffres-01-10-2018-7908204.php.|title=1300 titres, 80 films, 8 langues… la carrière de Charles Aznavour en chiffres|website=Leparisien.fr|date=October 2018}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Early life and family==
Aznavour was born at the clinic Tarnier at 89, [[rue d'Assas]] in [[Saint-Germain-des-Prés]], [[6th arrondissement of Paris]], into a family of artists living on [[rue Monsieur-le-Prince]].<ref name="Bellaïche_11">{{cite book|author=Raoul Bellaïche|title=Aznavour "Non je n'ai rien oublié"|trans-title=Aznavour "No, I have not forgotten anything"|publisher=Éditions de l'Archipel|date=24 August 2014|isbn=9782809807646|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=678ghCLrSYoC|access-date=13 August 2018|page=11|language=fr}}</ref> He was named Shahnour (or Chahnour)<ref name="Hovannisian">{{cite book|last=Hovannisian|first=Richard G.|author-link=Richard Hovannisian|title=The Armenian Genocide: Cultural and Ethical Legacies|year=2007|publisher=Transaction Publishers|location=New Brunswick, N.J.|isbn=9781412835923|page=215}}</ref> Vaghinag (Vaghenagh)<ref name="Katz"/> Aznavourian<ref name="armenian.ch"/> ({{lang-hy|Շահնուր Վաղինակ Ազնավուրյան}}), by his parents, [[Armenians|Armenian]] immigrants Michael (Misha) Aznavourian (from present-day [[Akhaltsikhe]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]])<ref name="armenian.ch"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicme.com/Charles-Aznavour/biographie/|title=Biographie Charles Aznavour|publisher=Musicme.com|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> and Knar Baghdasarian, an [[Armenian genocide]] survivor from Adapazarı (in present-day [[Sakarya, Turkey]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billetnet.fr/en/wiki/Charles_Aznavour|title=Biodata|publisher=Billetnet.fr|access-date=1 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720205407/http://www.billetnet.fr/en/wiki/Charles_Aznavour|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/charles-aznavour/|title=CHARLES AZNAVOUR - Encyclopædia Universalis|publisher=Universalis.fr|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref>{{sfn|Dicale|2017|p=713}} He had one older sister, Aïda, born in January 1923 in [[Thessaloniki]], [[Greece]] before their family moved to France.{{sfn|Belleret|2018|p=18}} The Aznavourians ran a small Armenian restaurant in the rue de la Huchette, a hangout for actors and musicians until the Depression. One biography says that Misha’s father — Charles’s grandfather — “had been a chef to [[Nicholas II of Russia|Czar Nicholas II]].” But Aznavour himself gave a laugh about it: “My grandfather,” he said, “was a chef for the governor of Tiflis, in Georgia. The czar used to eat there every 150 years.”<ref>[http://www.thevillager.com/villager_176/aurevoirfrom.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522213752/http://www.thevillager.com/villager_176/aurevoirfrom.html}} The Villager</ref>
Charles's parents introduced him to performing at an early age, and he dropped out of school at age nine, and took the stage name "Aznavour".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEN/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|date=December 2008|title=Charles Aznavour|newspaper=RFI Musique|access-date=10 February 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210004828/http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEN/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|archive-date=10 February 2011 }}</ref>

=== World War II ===
During the [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II|German occupation of France]] during [[World War II]], Aznavour and his family hid "a number of people who were persecuted by the Nazis, while Charles and his sister Aida were involved in rescue activities." Their work was recognized in a statement issued in 2017 by [[Reuven Rivlin]], President of Israel. That year, Aznavour and Aida received the [[Raoul Wallenberg Award]] for their wartime activities. "The Aznavours were closely linked to the [[Missak Manouchian]] [[French Resistance|Resistance Group]] and in this context they offered shelter to Armenians, [[The Holocaust in France|Jews]] and others at their own Paris flat, risking their own lives."<ref name="Wallenberg Medal">{{cite web|title=Charles Aznavour and his sister Aida received the Raoul Wallenberg Medal|url=http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/news/charles-aznavour-and-his-sister-aida-received-the-raoul-wallenberg-medal|website=The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation|access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Legendary singer Aznavour given award for family efforts to save Jews in WWII|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/legendary-singer-aznavour-given-award-for-family-efforts-to-save-jews-in-wwii/|access-date=1 October 2018|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|agency=AFP|date=28 October 2017}}</ref>

==Career==

=== Musical career ===
Aznavour was already familiar with performing on stage by the time he began his career as a musician. At the age of nine, he had roles in a play called ''{{lang|fr|Un Petit Diable à Paris}}'' and a film entitled ''{{lang|fr|La Guerre des Gosses}}''.<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|editor1-last=Henderson|editor1-first=Lol|editor2-last=Stacey|editor2-first=Lee|title=Encyclopedia of Music in the 20th Century|date=2014|publisher=Taylor and Francis|page=35|location=Hoboken|isbn=978-1135929466}}</ref> Aznavour then turned to professional dancing and performed in several nightclubs. In 1944, he and actor [[Pierre Roche (musician)|Pierre Roche]] began a partnership and in collaborative efforts performed in numerous nightclubs. It was through this partnership that Aznavour began to write songs and sing. Meanwhile, Aznavour wrote his first song entitled ''{{lang|fr|J'ai Bu}}'' in 1944.<ref name=encyclopedia /> The partnership's first successes were in [[Canada]] in 1948–1950.<ref>{{cite book |last=DiMartino |first=Dave |date=2016 |title=Music in the 20th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sB4GDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA35 |location=London and New York |publisher=[[Routledge]] |page=35 |isbn=978-0-76568-012-9}}</ref>

[[File:Charles Aznavour 1963.jpg|thumb|upright|Aznavour in 1963]]

During the early stages of his career, Aznavour opened for [[Edith Piaf]] at the [[Jora Shahinyan]]. Piaf then advised him to pursue a career in singing. Piaf helped Aznavour develop a distinctive voice that stimulated the best of his abilities.<ref name=encyclopedia />

Sometimes described as "France's [[Frank Sinatra]]",<ref name="Deming">{{cite web|last=Deming|first=Mark|title=Charles Aznavour 40 Chansons D'or|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/40-chansons-dor-mw0000475684|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=30 June 2014}}</ref> Aznavour sang frequently about love. He wrote or co-wrote [[musical theater|musicals]], more than one thousand songs, and recorded ninety-one studio albums. Aznavour's voice was shaded towards the tenor range, but possessed the low range and coloration more typical of a baritone, contributing to his unique sound. Aznavour spoke and sang in many languages ([[French language|French]], [[English language|English]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[German language|German]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Armenian language|Armenian]], [[Neapolitan language|Neapolitan]] and [[Kabyle language|Kabyle]]), which helped him perform at [[Carnegie Hall]], in the US, and other major venues around the world. He also recorded at least one song from the 18th-century Armenian poet [[Sayat-Nova]] (in 1988), an Armenian-French song with [[Bratsch (band)|Bratsch]] (in 2007),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aravot-en.am/2018/10/08/219837/|title=What song was the French soldier singing at Aznavour's memorial service? Connection between Bratsch group and Aznavour |website=Aravot-en.am|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref> and a popular song, ''{{lang|hy-Latn|Im Yare}}''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armenianweekly.com/2010/01/11/charles-and-seda-aznavour-record-new-duo-in-armenian/|title=Charles and Seda Aznavour Record New Duo in Armenian|publisher=Armenian Weekly|date=12 January 2010|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> (in 2009) in Armenian. "[[Que C'est Triste Venise]]", sung in French, Italian ("{{lang|it|Com'è Triste Venezia}}"), Spanish ("{{lang|es|Venecia Sin Ti}}"), English ("How Sad Venice Can Be") and German ("{{lang|de|Venedig in Grau}}"), was very successful the mid-1960s.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20181001/muere-charles-aznavour-canciones-7064567| title=5 canciones para recordar a Charles Aznavour| publisher=El Periódico|date=1 October 2018| access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

[[File:Googoosh and Charles Aznavour in 1970s.jpg|200px|thumb|Charles Aznavour and [[Googoosh]].]]

1972 saw the release of his 23rd studio album, ''{{lang|fr|Idiote je t'aime...}}'', which contained among others, two of his classics - "{{lang|fr|Les plaisirs démodés}}" (Old-Fashioned Pleasures) and "{{lang|fr|Comme ils disent}}" (As They Say), the latter dealing with homosexuality, which at the time, was revolutionary.<ref>{{cite news |last=Haloche |first=Laurence |date=16 August 2011 |title=Comme ils disent , quand Aznavour aborde l'homosexualité sans tabou |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/2015/12/13/03006-20151213ARTFIG00013--comme-ils-disent-quand-aznavour-aborde-l-homosexualite-sans-tabou.php |work=[[Le Figaro]] |language=French |access-date=29 January 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151213174409/http://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/2015/12/13/03006-20151213ARTFIG00013--comme-ils-disent-quand-aznavour-aborde-l-homosexualite-sans-tabou.php |archive-date=13 December 2015}}</ref>

In 1974, Aznavour became a major success in the [[United Kingdom]] when his song "[[She (Charles Aznavour song)|She]]" was number 1 on the [[UK Singles Chart]] for four weeks during a fourteen-week run. His other well-known song in the UK was the 1973 "[[The Old Fashioned Way (song)|The Old Fashioned Way]]", which was on UK charts for 15 weeks.<ref>Talent in Europe / Billboard 22 January 1977, p. 36</ref><ref>Songwriters: a biographical dictionary with discographies - by Nigel Harrison - 1998 - p. 28</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/_/Charles+Aznavour|title=Official Charts Company|website=Officialcharts.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tsort.info/music/cw8ahr.htm|title=Song artist 642 - Charles Aznavour|publisher=Tsort.info|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref>

Artists who have recorded his songs and collaborated with Aznavour include [[Édith Piaf]], [[Fred Astaire]], [[Frank Sinatra]] (Aznavour was one of the rare European singers invited to duet with him<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rfimusique.com/musiqueen/articles/108/article_8139.asp|title=Album review - Charles Aznavour's "Duos"|publisher=RFI Musique|date=28 December 2009|access-date=18 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924121339/http://www.rfimusique.com/musiqueen/articles/108/article_8139.asp|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>), [[Andrea Bocelli]], [[Bing Crosby]], [[Ray Charles]], [[Bob Dylan]] (he named Aznavour among the greatest live performers he had ever seen),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://expectingrain.com/dok/int/RS1987.html#ca|title=Bob Dylan interview: Rolling Stone Nov/Dec 1987|publisher=Expectingrain.com|date=10 December 1995|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.covermesongs.com/2010/08/bob-dylan-the-times-weve-known.html|title=Song of the Day: Bob Dylan, 'The Times We've Known' (Charles Aznavour cover) » Cover Me|publisher=Covermesongs.com|date=13 August 2010|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> [[Dusty Springfield]], [[Liza Minnelli]], [[Mia Martini]], [[Elton John]], [[Dalida]], [[Serge Gainsbourg]], [[Josh Groban]], [[Petula Clark]], [[Tom Jones (singer)|Tom Jones]], [[Shirley Bassey]], [[José Carreras]], [[Laura Pausini]], [[Roy Clark]], [[Nana Mouskouri]], [[Peggy Lee]] and [[Julio Iglesias]]. Fellow French pop singer [[Mireille Mathieu]] sang and recorded with Aznavour on numerous occasions. The English singer [[Marc Almond]] was noted by Aznavour as his favourite interpreter of his songs, having covered Aznavour's "What makes a man a man" in the 1990s. Almond cited Aznavour as a major influence on his style and work. In 1974, [[Jack Jones (singer)|Jack Jones]] recorded an entire album of Aznavour compositions entitled ''Write Me A Love Song, Charlie'', re-released on CD in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jackjones.lolipop.jp/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412044204/http://jackjones.lolipop.jp/lovesongcharlie.htm|url-status=dead|title=HOME|archivedate=12 April 2008|website=The official Jack Jones website|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Jack Jones|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000GALD46|title=Jack Jones - Write Me a Love Song Charlie (Mini Lp Sleeve) - Amazon.com Music|website=Amazon|date=29 August 2006|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> Two years later, in 1976, Dutch singer [[Liesbeth List]] released her album ''Charles Aznavour Presents Liesbeth List'', which featured Aznavour's compositions with English lyrics. Aznavour and Italian tenor [[Luciano Pavarotti]] sang [[Charles Gounod|Gounod's]] aria "[[Ave Maria (Bach/Gounod)|Ave Maria]]" together. He performed with [[Russians|Russian]] cellist and friend [[Mstislav Rostropovich]] to inaugurate the [[Presidency of the Council of the European Union#1958 to 2006|French presidency of the European Union]] in 1995. [[Elvis Costello]] recorded "She" for the film ''[[Notting Hill (film)|Notting Hill]]''. One of Aznavour's greatest friends and collaborators from the music industry was Spanish operatic tenor [[Plácido Domingo]], who often performs his hits, most notably a solo studio recording of "{{lang|fr|Les bâteaux sont partis}}" in 1985 and duet versions of the song in French and Spanish in 2008, as well as multiple live renditions of Aznavour's "Ave Maria". In 1994, Aznavour performed with Domingo again and Norwegian [[soprano]] [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]] at Domingo's third annual ''[[Plácido Domingo#Christmas in Vienna|Christmas in Vienna]]'' concert. The three singers performed a variety of carols, medleys and duets, and the concert was televised throughout the world, as well as [[Christmas in Vienna III|released on a CD]] internationally.<ref name=bach-cantatas>{{cite web|author=Aryeh Oron|url=http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Bio/Sissel.htm|title=Sissel Kyrkjebø (Soprano)|publisher=Bach-cantatas.com|date=October 2005|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref>

At the start of autumn 2006, Aznavour initiated his farewell tour, performing in the [[United States]] and Canada, and earning very positive reviews. Aznavour started 2007 with concerts all over Japan and Asia. The second half of 2007 saw Aznavour return to Paris for over 20 shows at the [[Palais des congrès de Paris|Palais des Congrès]] in Paris, followed by more touring in Belgium, the Netherlands, and the rest of France. Aznavour had repeatedly stated that this farewell tour, health permitting, would likely last beyond 2010; after that, however, Charles Aznavour continued performing worldwide throughout the year. At 84, 60 years on stage made him "a little hard of hearing".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.expatica.com/fr/uncategorized/aznavours-long-goodbye-83-and-still-singing-111651/|title=Aznavour's long goodbye – 83 and still singing|publisher=Expatica.com|date=8 October 2007|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> In his final years he would still sing in multiple languages and without persistent use of teleprompters, but typically he would stick to just two or three (French and English being the primary two, with Spanish or Italian being the third) during most concerts.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/18/arts/music/18azna.html?ex=1167368400&en=5b722c96ea2a5172&ei=5070|title=At 82, Charles Aznavour Is Singing a Farewell That Could Last for Years|last=Riding|first=Alan|date=18 September 2006|newspaper=The New York Times|quote=There are some people who grow old and others who just add years. I have added years, but I am not yet old}}</ref> On 30 September 2006, Aznavour performed a major concert in [[Yerevan]], the capital of Armenia, to start off the cultural season "{{lang|fr|Arménie mon amie}}". Then Armenian president [[Robert Kocharyan]] and his French counterpart [[Jacques Chirac]], at the time on an official visit to Armenia, were in front-row attendance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEn/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203075202/http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEn/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|url-status=dead|title=Biographie|archive-date=3 December 2013|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref>

[[File:Charles Aznavour Cannes.jpg|thumb|165px|Aznavour at the 1999 [[Cannes Film Festival]]]]

In 2006, Aznavour recorded his album ''{{lang|fr|Colore ma vie}}'' in Cuba, with [[Chucho Valdés]].<ref>{{cite news | author=François-Xavier Gomez | url=https://next.liberation.fr/musique/2018/10/02/un-tropisme-latino-pour-aznavour_1682505 | title=Un tropisme latino pour Aznavour | newspaper=Libération | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018 | language=fr | archive-date=3 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003133347/https://next.liberation.fr/musique/2018/10/02/un-tropisme-latino-pour-aznavour_1682505 | url-status=dead }}</ref> A regular guest vocalist on ''[[Star Academy]]'', Aznavour sang alongside contestant [[Cyril Cinélu]] that same year.<ref>{{cite web | author=Marie Boscher| url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/hommages-outre-mer-charles-aznavour-mort-94-ans-633416.html | title=Hommages de l'Outre-mer à Charles Aznavour, mort à 94 ans | publisher=France Info | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018 |language=fr}}</ref> In 2007, he sang part of "[[Une vie d'amour]]" in Russian during a Moscow concert.<ref>{{cite news | author=Yan Shenkman| url=https://fr.rbth.com/art/2014/05/22/le_destin_russe_daznavour_29243 | title=Le destin russe d'Aznavour | newspaper=Russia Beyond the Headlines | date=22 May 2014 | access-date=2 October 2018 |language=fr}}</ref> Later, in July 2007, Aznavour was invited to perform at the [[Vieilles Charrues Festival]].<ref>{{cite news | author=Anaelle Berre | url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/people/charles-aznavour/charles-aznavour-un-rappel-exceptionnel-aux-vieilles-charrues-2007-5996134 | title=Charles Aznavour. Un rappel exceptionnel aux Vieilles Charrues 2007 | newspaper=Ouest-France | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref>

''[[Forever Cool]]'' (2007), an album from Capitol/EMI, features Aznavour singing a new duet of "[[Everybody Loves Somebody|Everybody Loves Somebody Sometime]]" with the voice of [[Dean Martin]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.giornaledibrescia.it/italia-ed-estero/la-francia-dice-addio-a-charles-aznavour-1.3304611 | title=La Francia dice addio a Charles Aznavour | newspaper=Giornale di Brescia | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018|language=it}}</ref>

Aznavour finished a tour of Portugal in February 2008.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://visao.sapo.pt/actualidade/cultura/2018-10-01-Morreu-cantor-e-compositor-Charles-Aznavour | title=Morreu cantor e compositor Charles Aznavour | magazine=Visão | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018|language=pt}}</ref> Throughout the spring of 2008, Aznavour toured South America, holding a multitude of concerts in [[Argentina]], Brazil, [[Chile]] and [[Uruguay]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/magazine/2008/05/06/303093/aznavour-llega-a-chile-con-su-ultimo-disco-recien-editado-en-espanol.html | title=Aznavour llega a Chile con su último disco recién editado en español | newspaper=El Mercurio | date=6 May 2008 | access-date=2 October 2018|language=es}}</ref>

An admirer of [[Quebec]], where he played in [[Montreal]] cabarets before becoming famous, he helped the career of Québécoise singer-lyricist [[Lynda Lemay]] in France, and had a house in Montreal. On 5 July 2008, he was invested as an honorary officer of the [[Order of Canada#Honorary officer|Order of Canada]]. He performed the following day on the [[Plains of Abraham]] as a feature of the [[Quebec City Summer Festival|celebration]] of the 400th anniversary of the founding of [[Quebec City]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Andy Blatchford |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080705.waznavour0705/BNStory/Entertainment/home |title=Aznavour receives Order of Canada honours in Quebec |publisher=globeandmail.com |access-date=1 May 2011 |url-status=dead |location=Toronto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116025859/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080705.waznavour0705/BNStory/Entertainment/home |archive-date=16 January 2009 }}</ref>

In 2008, an album of duets, ''Duos'', was released. It is a collaborative effort featuring Aznavour and his greatest friends and partners from his long career in the music industry, including [[Céline Dion]], [[Sting (musician)|Sting]], [[Laura Pausini]], [[Josh Groban]], [[Paul Anka]], Plácido Domingo and many others.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jason Birchmeier|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/duos-mw0000805903|title=Charles Aznavour – Duos|website=AllMusic}}</ref> It was released on various dates in December 2008 across the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voir.ca/blogs/manuel_champagne/archive/2008/10/22/charles-aznavour-se-paie-la-171-totale-187-dans-son-nouvel-album.aspx|title=Charles Aznavour se paie "la totale" dans son nouvel album|trans-title=Charles Aznavour pays himself "it all" in his new album|publisher=Voir.ca|date=22 October 2008|access-date=1 May 2011|language=fr|archive-date=14 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614072133/http://www.voir.ca/blogs/manuel_champagne/archive/2008/10/22/charles-aznavour-se-paie-la-171-totale-187-dans-son-nouvel-album.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> His next album, ''Charles Aznavour and The Clayton Hamilton Jazz Orchestra'' (previously known as ''Jazznavour 2''), is a continuation in the same vein as his hit album ''Jazznavour'' released in 1998, involving new arrangements on his classic songs with a jazz orchestra and other guest jazz artists. It was released on 27 November 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Charles Aznavour|url=http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/chanson/charles-aznavour/biography|publisher=RFI Music|access-date=14 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415230151/http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/chanson/charles-aznavour/biography|archive-date=15 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:2014.06.23. Charles Aznavour Fot Mariusz Kubik 01.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Aznavour in 2014]]

Aznavour and [[Senegal|Senegalese]] singer [[Youssou N'Dour]], with the collaboration of over 40 French singers and musicians, recorded a music video with the music group [[Band Aid (band)|Band Aid]] in the aftermath of the [[Disaster|catastrophic]] [[2010 Haiti earthquake]], titled ''{{lang|fr|1 geste pour Haïti chérie}}''.<ref>{{cite news|agency=AFP|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gQCv5Op1eurkYtoZz7S_ba5vpMkg|title=French music stars mobilise for Haiti|date=15 January 2010|access-date=1 May 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123021824/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gQCv5Op1eurkYtoZz7S_ba5vpMkg|archive-date=23 January 2010}}</ref>

In 2009, Aznavour also toured across America. The tour, named ''{{lang|fr|Aznavour en liberté}}'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://patwhite.com/node/5598|title=Aznavour en Liberté|publisher=Patwhite.com|date=23 April 2009|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> started in late April 2009 with a wave of concerts across the United States and Canada, took him across Latin America in the autumn, as well as the USA once again. In August 2011 Aznavour released a new album, ''{{lang|fr|Aznavour Toujours}}'', featuring 11 new songs, and ''{{lang|fr|Elle}}'', a French re-working of his greatest international hit, "[[She (Charles Aznavour song)|She]]". Following the release of ''{{lang|fr|Aznavour Toujours}}'', then 87-year-old Aznavour began a tour across France and Europe, named ''{{lang|fr|Charles Aznavour en Toute Intimité}}'', which started with 21 concerts in the Olympia theatre in Paris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.songkick.com/artists/302900-charles-aznavour/calendar?page=1|title=Charles Aznavour upcoming concerts|publisher=Songkick.com|date=9 January 2011|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> On 12 December 2011, he gave a concert in Moscow [[State Kremlin Palace]] that attracted a capacity crowd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/12/13/62116389.html|title=Charles Aznavour wows Moscow|date=13 December 2011|work=[[The Voice of Russia]]|access-date=20 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108165851/http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/12/13/62116389.html|archive-date=8 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The concert was followed by a standing ovation which continued for about fifteen minutes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.am/eng/news/85654.html|title=Moscow impressed by Charles Aznavour (VIDEO)|publisher=News.am|date=13 December 2011|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref>

In 2012, Aznavour embarked on a new North American leg of his ''{{lang|fr|En toute intimité}}'' tour, visiting [[Quebec (Province)|Quebec]] and the [[Gibson Amphitheatre]] in [[Los Angeles]], the third-largest such venue in [[California]], for multiple shows. However, the shows in [[New York (state)|New York]] were cancelled following a contract dispute.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/24/charles-aznavour-cancels-new-york-shows-in-contract-dispute/?_r=0|newspaper=The New York Times|first=Jennifer|last=Schuessler|title=Charles Aznavour Cancels New York Shows in Contract Dispute|date=24 April 2012}}</ref> On 16 August 2012, Aznavour performed in his father's birthplace, [[Akhaltsikhe]], in Georgia in a special concert as part of the opening ceremony of the recently restored Rabati castle.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/690552/|title=The star of Charles Aznavour was placed in Akhaltsikhe|work=[[Armenpress]]|date=17 August 2012|access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

On 25 October 2013, Aznavour performed in [[London]] for the first time in 25 years at the [[Royal Albert Hall]]; demand was so high that a second concert at the Royal Albert Hall was scheduled for June 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalalberthall.com/tickets/charles-aznavour/default.aspx|title=Charles Aznavour — Royal Albert Hall|publisher=Royalalberthall.com|date=3 November 2015|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> In November 2013, Aznavour appeared with [[Achinoam Nini]] (Noa) in a concert, dedicated to peace, at the Nokia Arena in [[Tel Aviv]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Noa and Charles Aznavour – She|url=http://www.noasmusic.com/noa-charles-aznavour-she/|website=Achinoam Nini's Official Website|date=29 September 2014}}</ref> The audience, including Israeli president [[Shimon Peres]] (Peres and Aznavour had a meeting prior to the performance), sang along.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fay|first=Greer|url=http://www.jpost.com/Arts-and-Culture/Music/Peres-among-Israeli-fans-attending-Aznavour-concert-332878|title=Peres among Israeli fans attending Aznavour concert - Arts & Culture - Jerusalem Post|publisher=Jpost.com|date=24 November 2013|access-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> In December 2013, Aznavour gave two concerts in the Netherlands at the [[Heineken Music Hall]] in [[Amsterdam]], and again in January 2016 (originally scheduled for November 2015, but postponed due to him suffering a brief bout of [[stomach flu]]).<ref>{{cite news |last=Brulin |first=Gael |date=26 November 2015 |title=Charles Aznavour : des concerts aux Pays-Bas reportés pour raisons de santé |url=https://www.24matins.fr/charles-aznavour-nassurera-pas-ses-concerts-aux-pays-bas-pour-raisons-de-sante-253961 |work=24matins |language=French |access-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204082136/https://www.24matins.fr/charles-aznavour-nassurera-pas-ses-concerts-aux-pays-bas-pour-raisons-de-sante-253961 |archive-date=4 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Leprovost |first=Pierre-Maxime |date=22 December 2016 |title=En plein concert au Palais des Sports, Charles Aznavour se moque de Michel Polnareff [Photos] |url=https://www.telestar.fr/culture/en-plein-concert-au-palais-des-sports-charles-aznavour-se-moque-de-michel-polnareff-photos-256860 |work=Télé Star |language=French |access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

In 2014, 2015 and 2016, Aznavour continued his international tour, including concerts in [[Brussels]], [[Berlin]], [[Frankfurt]], [[Barcelona]], [[Madrid]], [[Warsaw]], [[Prague]], [[Moscow]], [[Bucharest]], [[Antwerp]], London, [[Dubai]], [[Montreal]], [[New York City|New York]], [[Boston]], [[Miami]], Los Angeles, Osaka, [[Tokyo]], [[Lisbon]], [[Marbella]], [[Monaco]], [[Verona]], Amsterdam and Paris.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

In 2017 and 2018, his tour continued in [[São Paulo]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Santiago]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Moscow]], [[Vienna]], [[Perth]], [[Sydney]], [[Melbourne]] and [[Haiti]], Tokyo, Osaka, Madrid, [[Milan]], [[Rome]], Saint Petersburg, Paris, London, Amsterdam and [[Monaco]]. On 19 September 2018, what was to be his last concert took place in the NHK Hall of Osaka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.setlist.fm/search?query=artist:(Charles+Aznavour)+date:%5B2018-01-01+TO+2018-12-31%5D|title=Search for setlists: artist:(Charles Aznavour) date:[2018-01-01 TO 2018-12-31]|website=Setlist.fm|access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref>

===Film appearances===
''See: [[#Filmography|Filmography]]''
Aznavour also had a long and varied parallel career as an actor, appearing in over 80 films and TV movies. In 1960, Aznavour starred in [[François Truffaut]]'s ''[[Shoot the Piano Player|Tirez sur le pianiste]]'', playing a character called Édouard Saroyan, a café pianist. He also put in a critically acclaimed performance in the 1974 movie ''[[And Then There Were None (1974 film)|And Then There Were None]]''. Aznavour had an important supporting role in 1979's ''[[The Tin Drum (film)|The Tin Drum]]'', winner of the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]] in 1980. He co-starred in [[Claude Chabrol]]'s [[Les Fantômes du chapelier]] from 1982. In the 1984 version of ''[[Die Fledermaus]]'', he appears and performs as one of Prince Orlovsky's guests. This version stars [[Kiri Te Kanawa]] and was directed by Plácido Domingo in the Royal Opera House at [[Covent Garden]].<ref>{{cite web|last=IMDB|title=Die Fledermaus|website=[[IMDb]]|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0263346/}}</ref> Aznavour starred in the 2002 movie ''[[Ararat (film)|Ararat]]'', reprising his role of Edward (Édouard) Saroyan.<ref>{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Kevin |date=15 November 2002 |title=Genocide haunts and connects them |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-nov-15-et-ararat15-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref>

==Politics and activism==
===Civil rights===
Aznavour was well known for being a lifelong and active supporter of civil rights, fighting for equality among all races, religions and nationalities as he stated in many of his interviews during his lifetime. He was an early supporter of [[LGBT rights by country or territory|LGBT rights]]. His 1972 album, ''Idiote je t'aime...'', contained among others, one of his classics, "Comme ils disent" ("As They Say", the English version of which is titled "What Makes a Man"). The song was revolutionary at a time when talking about homosexuality was a taboo. In a later interview, Charles said "It's a kind of sickness I have, talking about things you're not supposed to talk about. I started with homosexuality and I wanted to break every taboo."<ref>{{cite news|author=Angelique Chrisafis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/jun/19/charles-aznavour-i-wanted-to-break-every-taboo|title=Charles Aznavour: 'I wanted to break every taboo'|newspaper=The Guardian|date=21 June 2015}}</ref>

=== Armenian activism ===
[[File:Charles Aznavour Museum, ArmAg.JPG|thumbnail|[[Charles Aznavour Museum]] in Yerevan]]
Following the [[1988 Armenian earthquake]], Aznavour helped the country through his charity, Aznavour for Armenia. Together with his brother in-law and co-author [[Georges Garvarentz]] he wrote the song "[[Pour toi Arménie]]", which was performed by a group of famous French artists and topped the charts for eighteen weeks. There are squares named after him with his statues [[Charles Aznavour Square, Yerevan|in central Yerevan]] on [[Abovyan Street]], and [[Charles Aznavour Square, Gyumri|in northern part of Gyumri]], which saw the most lives lost in the earthquake. In 1995 Aznavour was appointed an Ambassador and Permanent Delegate of Armenia to [[UNESCO]]. Aznavour was a member of the [[Armenia Fund]] International Board of Trustees. The organization has rendered more than $150 million in humanitarian aid and infrastructure development assistance to Armenia since 1992. He was appointed as "Officier" (Officer) of the [[Légion d'honneur]] in 1997.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://en.rfi.fr/20181001-charles-aznavour-dies-aged-94/ | title=Charles Aznavour dies, aged 94 | publisher=Radio France Internationale | date=1 October 2018 | author=Cross, Tony}}</ref>

In 2002, Aznavour appeared in director [[Atom Egoyan|Atom Egoyan's]] film ''[[Ararat (film)|Ararat]]'', about the [[Armenian genocide|genocide of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire]] in the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bernstein |first1=Adam |title=Charles Aznavour, daring and adored French singer and composer, dies at 94 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/local/obituaries/charles-aznavour-daring-and-adored-french-singer-and-composer-dies-at-94/2018/10/01/bf080f3e-c577-11e8-b1ed-1d2d65b86d0c_story.html&freshcontent=1 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref>

In 2004, Aznavour received the title of [[National Hero of Armenia]], Armenia's highest award. In 2005, he received the Ziad Karim's award. On 26 December 2008, President of Armenia [[Serzh Sargsyan]] signed a presidential decree for granting citizenship of Armenia to Aznavour whom he called a "prominent singer and public figure" and "a hero of the Armenian people".<ref name="Itzkoff" /><ref>{{cite news|title=French crooner Charles Aznavour granted Armenian citizenship|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20081227-french-crooner-charles-aznavour-granted-armenian-citizenship-/|agency=[[France 24]]|date=27 December 2008}}</ref>

In 2011, the [[Charles Aznavour Museum]] opened in Yerevan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Charles Aznavour's house museum ceremonially opens |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/665332.html |work=Armenpress |date=7 October 2011 |access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

In April 2016, Aznavour visited Armenia to participate in the [[Aurora Prize]] Award ceremony. On 24 April, along with [[Serzh Sargsyan]], the Catholicos of All Armenians, [[Garegin II]] and actor [[George Clooney]], he laid flowers at the [[Armenian Genocide Memorial]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armradio.am/en/2016/04/21/charles-aznavour-arrives-in-armenia-3/|title=Charles Aznavour arrives in Armenia|date=21 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/210947/|title=President, Aznavour, Clooney visit Genocide memorial|website=PanArmenian.net|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref>

In October 2016, Aznavour joined other prominent Armenians on calling the government of Armenia to adopt "new development strategies based on inclusiveness and collective action" and to create "an opportunity for the Armenian world to pivot toward a future of prosperity, to transform the post-Soviet Armenian Republic into a vibrant, modern, secure, peaceful and progressive homeland for a global nation."<ref>{{cite news |title='Global Armenians' Ad in NY Times Calls For 'Inclusive Leadership' in Armenia |url=http://asbarez.com/156506/global-armenians-ad-in-ny-times-calls-for-inclusive-leadership-in-armenia/ |work=[[Asbarez]] |date=October 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200803111610/http://asbarez.com/156506/global-armenians-ad-in-ny-times-calls-for-inclusive-leadership-in-armenia/ |archive-date=3 August 2020}}; text also available at {{cite web |title=The Future for All Armenians Is Now |url=https://auroraprize.com/en/news/detail/10454/future-for-global-armenians-is-now |website=auroraprize.com |publisher=[[Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200803111725/https://auroraprize.com/en/news/detail/10454/future-for-global-armenians-is-now |archive-date=3 August 2020}}</ref>

Along with holding the mostly ceremonial title of French [[ambassador-at-large]] to Armenia, Aznavour agreed to hold the position of Ambassador of Armenia to Switzerland on 12 February 2009:

<blockquote>First I hesitated, as it is not an easy task. Then I thought that what is important for Armenia is important for us. I have accepted the proposal with love, happiness and feeling of deep dignity<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panorama.am/en/politics/2009/02/13/posol/|title=Charles Aznavour Ambassador of Armenia to Switzerland|publisher=Panorama.am|date=13 February 2009|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref></blockquote>He wrote a song about the [[Armenian genocide]], entitled "[[Ils sont tombés]]" (known in English as "They fell").<ref>{{cite news|author=Nora Koloyan-Keuhnelian|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/33/312664/Arts--Culture/Music/Adieu-Aznavour.aspx|title=Adieu Aznavour|newspaper=[[Al-Ahram]]|date=2 October 2018|access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

Charles Aznavour and his son Nicolas Aznavour created Aznavour Foundation which aims to continue the educational, cultural and social projects started by the artist, as well as to preserve and promote the cultural and humanitarian heritage of Charles Aznavour who fought against any discrimination through his art and his global actions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.aznavourfoundation.org/aznavour-foundation-about-foundation-w1.html |title=About foundation |publisher=Aznavourfoundation.org |access-date=2021-07-14 |quote=The Aznavour Foundation, created by Charles Aznavour and his son Nicolas Aznavour aims at continuing the development and implementation of educational, cultural and social projects started by the legendary artist. |archive-date=14 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714090133/https://en.aznavourfoundation.org/aznavour-foundation-about-foundation-w1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Political involvement ===
{{quote box
| width = 22%
| align = right
| quote = Though he is considered the embodiment of Frenchness, Charles Aznavour is in fact a proud Armenian without a corpuscle of French blood in his body.
| source =  —[[Herbert Kretzmer]], Aznavour's long-time English lyric writer, 2014<ref>{{cite book|last=Kretzmer|first=Herbert|author-link1=Herbert Kretzmer|title=Snapshots: Encounters with Twentieth-Century Legends|chapter=Charles Aznavour - Troubadour|date=2014|publisher=[[Biteback Publishing]]}}</ref>}}

Aznavour was increasingly involved in French, Armenian and international politics as his career progressed. During the [[2002 French presidential election]]s, when far-right nationalist [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]] of the [[National Front (France)|National Front]] made it into the runoff election, facing incumbent [[Jacques Chirac]], Aznavour signed the "Vive la France" petition, and called on all French to "sing the [[La Marseillaise|Marseillaise]]" in protest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rfimusique.com/siteEN/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|title=Biography – Charles Aznavour|publisher=Rfimusique.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110416155211/http://www.rfimusique.com/siteen/biographie/biographie_6059.asp|archive-date=16 April 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> Chirac, a personal friend of Aznavour's,<ref>{{cite news |last=Liabot |first=Thomas |date=1 October 2018 |title=Charles Aznavour, l'homme des présidents |url=https://www.lejdd.fr/Culture/charles-aznavour-lhomme-des-presidents-3768698 |work=[[Le Journal du Dimanche]] |access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref> ended up winning in a landslide, carrying over 82% of the vote.<ref>{{cite news |last=Henley |first=Jon |date=6 May 2002 |title=Le Pen defeated but defiant |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/may/06/france.thefarright2 |work=The Guardian |language=French |access-date=1 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020151337/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/may/06/france.thefarright2 |archive-date=20 October 2018}}</ref>

He frequently campaigned for international [[History of copyright law|copyright law reform]]. In November 2005 he met with then [[President of the European Commission]] [[José Manuel Barroso]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_views/view017.html|title=Charles Aznavour meets EC President José Manuel Barroso|date=1 September 2005|publisher=Ifpi.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615135028/http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_views/view017.html|archive-date=15 June 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> on the issue of the review of term of protection for performers and producers in the EU, advocating an extension of the EU's term of protection from the current 50 years to the United States' law allowing 95 years, saying "[o]n term of protection, artists and record companies are of the same mind. Extension of term of protection would be good for European culture, positive for the European economy and would put an end the current discrimination with the U.S." He also notably butted heads with French politician [[Christine Boutin]] over her defense of a "global license" flat-fee authorization for sharing of copyrighted files over the internet, claiming that the license would eliminate creativity. In May 2009, the French [[Senate of France|Senate]] approved one of the strictest [[Copyright law of France|internet anti-piracy bills]] ever with a landslide 189–14 vote. Aznavour was a vocal proponent of the measure and considered it a rousing victory:

<blockquote>If the youth can't make a living through creative work, they will do something else and the artistic world will be dealt a blow ... There will be no more songs, no more books, nothing at all. So we had to fight<ref>{{cite news|title=French bill to combat Internet piracy clears final hurdle|url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-technology/french-bill-to-combat-internet-piracy-clears-final-hurdle-20090513-b3bs.html|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=13 May 2009}}</ref>
</blockquote>

== Legacy ==

When [[Bob Dylan]] was asked who some of his favorite musicians are, he stated, "I like Charles Aznavour a lot. I saw him in sixty-something at [[Carnegie Hall]], and he just blew my brains out."<ref>''[[Rolling Stone]]'', 1987 (precise issue and date unknown)</ref>

[[Sting (musician)|Sting]] has stated that "To me he [Aznavour] is an icon. Not only as a singer, but as an actor, as a personality, as a master of 'chanson'."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03yfR1jaq6A |title=Sting Discusses DUETS - L'Amour C'est Comme Un Jour with Charles Aznavour |author=Sting |author-link=Sting (musician) |date=2 March 2021 |website=YouTube |access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref>

Aznavour was also highly regarded by [[Frank Sinatra]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Viscusi |first=Gregory |date=4 October 2018 |title=Charles Aznavour, a French singer compared to Sinatra, dies at 94 |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/obituaries/2018/10/04/Charles-Aznavour-a-French-singer-compared-to-Sinatra-dies-at-94/stories/201810040222 |work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |access-date=4 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803054317/https://www.post-gazette.com/news/obituaries/2018/10/04/Charles-Aznavour-a-French-singer-compared-to-Sinatra-dies-at-94/stories/201810040222 |archive-date=3 August 2021}}</ref> [[Celine Dion]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Kocharyan |first=Stepan |date=2 October 2018 |title='Monsieur Charles, you will always remain For me Formidable' – Celine Dion's touching words on Aznavour's death |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/949305.html |work=Armenpress |access-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002081736/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/949305.html |archive-date=2 October 2018}}</ref> [[Edith Piaf]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Leigh |first=Spencer |date=3 October 2018 |title=Charles Aznavour: French singer championed by Edith Piaf who never forgot his Armenian roots |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/charles-aznavour-dead-french-singer-frank-sinatra-edith-piaf-armenian-a8564646.html |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=3 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005203507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/charles-aznavour-dead-french-singer-frank-sinatra-edith-piaf-armenian-a8564646.html |archive-date=5 October 2018}}</ref> and [[Liza Minnelli]], with whom he performed and recorded. Minnelli has said of the singer, "He changed my entire life."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Liza Minnelli, the one and only|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/liza-minnelli-the-one-and-only/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Cbsnews.com|date=16 January 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In August 2017, at age 93, he was awarded a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/25/french-singer-charles-aznavour-gets-hollywood-star-age-93/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/08/25/french-singer-charles-aznavour-gets-hollywood-star-age-93/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=French singer Charles Aznavour gets Hollywood star at age of 93|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|via=Reuters News|date=25 August 2017|access-date=5 May 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Aznavour has been widely regarded as one of the most famous [[Armenians]] of his time,<ref>{{cite news |last=Mkrtchyan |first=Hasmik |date=2 October 2018 |title=Armenians pay last tribute to beloved singer Aznavour |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-aznavour-armenia/armenians-pay-last-tribute-to-beloved-singer-aznavour-idUSKCN1MC1QX |work=Reuters |access-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002155716/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-aznavour-armenia/armenians-pay-last-tribute-to-beloved-singer-aznavour-idUSKCN1MC1QX |archive-date=2 October 2018}}</ref> and a major pop culture icon of the 20th century.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dupont |first=Veronique |date=25 August 2017 |title=Charles Aznavour, the 'French Frank Sinatra', honoured with Hollywood Walk of Fame star |url=https://www.thelocal.fr/20170825/french-legend-charles-aznavour-dubbed-the-french-frank-sinatra-honoured-with-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star/ |work=[[The Local]] |access-date=6 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206081932/https://www.thelocal.fr/20170825/french-legend-charles-aznavour-dubbed-the-french-frank-sinatra-honoured-with-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star/ |archive-date=6 December 2017}}</ref>

His musicality and fame abroad had a significant impact on many areas of pop culture. Aznavour's name inspired the alias of the character [[Char Aznable]] by [[Yoshiyuki Tomino]] in his 1979 [[mecha anime]] series ''[[Mobile Suit Gundam]]''. Char would become a Japanese pop cultural icon and the most famous character over a decades-long franchise.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbr.com/mobile-suit-gundam-char-aznable-facts-true-fans-know/ |title=Mobile Suit Gundam: 10 Things Only True Fans Know About Char Aznable |last=Ashford |first=Sage |date=31 December 2019 |website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |access-date=31 December 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101141829/https://www.cbr.com/mobile-suit-gundam-char-aznable-facts-true-fans-know/ |archive-date=1 January 2020}}</ref>

Music critic Stephen Holden described Aznavour as a "French pop deity".<ref name="holden-tnyt" />

His song "[[Parce Que Tu Crois]]" was sampled by producer [[Dr. Dre]] for the song "What's the Difference" (featuring [[Eminem]] & [[Xzibit]]), from his album ''[[2001 (Dr. Dre album)|2001]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiser |first=Danny |date=2021-10-25 |title=FRANCE/ARMENIA: La Bohème - Charles Aznavour |url=https://www.200worldalbums.com/post/france-armenia-la-boh%C3%A8me-charles-aznavour |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=200worldalbums.com |language=en}}</ref>

He was mentioned in [[The Psychedelic Furs]] song "Sister Europe" ("The radio upon the floor / is stupid, it plays Aznavour"), the [[Kemal Monteno]] song "Stavi tiho Aznavoura" ("''Play Aznavour quietly''") and the [[Jonathan Richman]] song "Give Paris One More Chance".{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}

In 1990, he offered insights into his life to writer-director [[Michael Feeney Callan]] in the TV series ''My Riviera'', which was filmed at and around Aznavour's home in [[Port Grimaud]], in the South of France.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}

At the [[2022 Winter Olympics]] American figure skater [[Nathan Chen]] performed his team event short program on February 4, 2022, to Aznavour's ''La Boheme''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/nathan-chen-team-event-clean-short-program|title=Nathan Chen makes a statement with commanding short program in Olympic team event | NBC Olympics|website=Nbcolympics.com|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
[[File:Charles aznavour.jpg|thumb|left|Aznavour in the late 2000s]]

Aznavour was married three times: to Micheline Rugel (in 1946),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0002198/bio|title=Biography for Charles Aznavour|publisher=imdb.com|access-date=29 January 2013}}</ref> Evelyn Plessis (in 1956) and his widow, Ulla Thorsell (in 1967). Five children were produced by these marriages: [[Seda Aznavour|Seda]], Charles, Patrick, Katia, Mischa, and Nicolas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monsieur-biographie.com/celebrite/biographie/charles_aznavour-1503.php|title=Biographie de Charles Aznavour|publisher=leParisien.fr|access-date=29 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.femmeactuelle.fr/actu/news-actu/charles-aznavour-qui-sont-ses-six-enfants-2070163|title=Charles Aznavour : qui sont ses six enfants, Seda, Charles, Patrick, Katia, Mischa et Nicolas ?|date=1 October 2018|magazine=[[Femme Actuelle]]|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref>

Aznavour often joked about his physique, the most talked-about aspect of which was his height; he stood {{convert|160|cm|ftin|0|abbr=on}} tall. He made this a source of self-deprecating humour over the years.<ref name="encyclopedia" />

In April 2018, shortly before his 94th birthday, Aznavour was taken to hospital in [[Saint Petersburg]] after straining his back during a rehearsal prior to a concert in the city. The concert was postponed until the following season, but eventually cancelled since he died six months later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asbarez.com/171907/charles-aznavour-hospitalized-in-st-petersburg/|title=Charles Aznavour Hospitalized in St. Petersburg – Asbarez.com|website=asbarez.com|access-date=5 May 2018|date=25 April 2018}}</ref> On 5 May 2018, he was a guest on BBC Radio 2's ''[[Graham Norton#Radio|Graham Norton]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0b196f5|title=With Pam Ayres, Charles Aznavour, plus Rylan Clark-Neal and Scott Mills, Graham Norton – BBC Radio 2|website=BBC|access-date=5 May 2018}}</ref>

A week later, on 12 May, he broke his arm in two places in a fall at his home in the village of [[Mouriès]], resulting in the cancellation of all shows until the end of June. This was eventually extended to include the 18 shows scheduled for August, because of a longer healing process.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywood.com/general/charles-aznavour-cancels-more-appearances-due-to-broken-arm-60724248/|title=Charles Aznavour cancels more appearances due to broken arm|website=hollywood.com|access-date=2 October 2018|date=18 June 2018}}</ref> In a program on French television broadcast on 28 September, only three days before his death, he mentioned that he was still feeling the pain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yO3VdHuop50 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/yO3VdHuop50| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|title=Aznavour: le monument français! – C à Vous – 28/09/2018|website=YouTube|date=28 September 2018|access-date=2 October 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== Death and funeral ==
{{external media|float=right|width=250px|video1=[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ko_wz5Ijn5w&list=LLUIxeJpjyot4tTyNwP2fNfg&t Charles Aznavour's Funeral]}}
On 1 October 2018, Aznavour was found dead in a bathtub at his home at Mouriès at the age of 94.<ref name="francetvinfo">{{cite web|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/emploi/metiers/art-culture-edition/mort-de-charles-aznavour-la-cause-de-la-mort-est-naturelle_2966913.html|title=Mort de Charles Aznavour : "La cause de la mort est naturelle"|website=[[FranceTV]]|date=2 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtl.fr/culture/musique/charles-aznavour-est-decede-a-l-age-de-94-ans-7795003841|title=Charles Aznavour est décédé à l'âge de 94 ans|website=RTL France|date=1 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref><ref name="LD">{{cite web|url=https://www.ledauphine.com/france-monde/2018/10/01/le-chanteur-charles-aznavour-est-decede|title=Le chanteur Charles Aznavour est décédé|newspaper=[[Le Dauphiné libéré]]|date=1 October 2018|access-date=1 October 2018|language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-45709214?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_linkname=news_central&ns_campaign=bbc_breaking|title=Singer Charles Aznavour dies at 94|website=[[BBC News (TV Channel)|BBC News]]|date=1 October 2018|access-date=1 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/01/obituaries/charles-aznavour-dead.html|title=Charles Aznavour, Enduring French Singer of Global Fame, Dies at 94|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1 October 2018|access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref> At the time of his death his tax residence was in [[Saint-Sulpice, Vaud]], Switzerland.<ref>{{cite news|author=Marion Moussadek|url=http://www.lematin.ch/people/aznavour-j-pousse-vivre-suisse/story/27633469|title=Aznavour: "J'ai été poussé à vivre en Suisse"|newspaper=[[Le Matin (Switzerland)|Le Matin]]|date=12 November 2013|access-date=13 November 2013|language=fr}}</ref> The autopsy report concluded that Aznavour died of [[cardiorespiratory arrest]] complicated by an acute [[pulmonary edema]].<ref name="francetvinfo"/> A requiem mass for him was held on 6 October by Catholicos [[Karekin II]] at the [[Armenian Cathedral of St. John the Baptist]] in Paris.<ref>{{cite news|title=PM Pashinyan attends requiem ceremony offered for Charles Aznavour at St. John the Baptist Church in Paris|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/949966.html|work=Armenpress|date=6 October 2018}}</ref>

On 5 October, Aznavour was honoured with a [[state funeral]] at [[Les Invalides]] in Paris. The president [[Emmanuel Macron]] delivered a [[eulogy]] describing Aznavour as one of the most important "faces of France", and his lyrics as, "for millions of people a balm, a remedy, a comfort ... For so many decades, he has made our life sweeter, our tears less bitter." His coffin was carried out as his song, "Emmenez-Moi" (Take Me Along), played.<ref>{{cite news|author=Angelique Chrisafis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/05/in-france-poets-never-die-france-pays-homage-to-aznavour-funeral|title='In France, poets never die': Macron pays tribute to Aznavour 'Son of immigrants' likened to Apollinaire and praised for his cultural contribution to France|newspaper=The Guardian|date=5 October 2018|access-date=14 October 2018}}</ref> Dignitaries attending the funeral also included [[French Prime Minister]] [[Édouard Philippe]], former presidents [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] and [[François Hollande]], as well as [[Armenian President]] [[Armen Sarkissian]] and Prime Minister [[Nikol Pashinyan]] and their wives.<ref>{{cite news|author=Brian Love|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-aznavour/france-bids-adieu-to-aznavour-pays-tribute-to-armenian-roots-idUSKCN1MF0YY|title=France bids adieu to Aznavour, pays tribute to Armenian roots|website=[[Reuters]]|date=5 October 2018|access-date=14 October 2018}}</ref>

He is interred in the family crypt at the [[Montfort-l'Amaury]] cemetery.<ref>[https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/medias-people/du-monde-a-montfort-l-amaury-pour-se-recueillir-sur-la-tombe-de-charles-aznavour-1541236036 Du monde à Montfort l'Amaury pour se recueillir sur la tombe de Charles Aznavour], [[France Bleu]] (in French). 3 November 2018.</ref>

==Awards and recognition==
[[File:Charles Aznavour Gyumri statue 2.jpg|thumb|300px|Statue of Aznavour in [[Gyumri]], Armenia]]

===Decorations===
* [[File:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|40px]] Knight of the French [[Legion of Honour]]: 1989
* [[File:Legion Honneur Officier ribbon.svg|40px]] Officer of the French [[Legion of Honour]]: 1997<ref>{{cite web |date=2 January 2004 |title=France/Légion d'honneur : la promotion du Nouvel An ŕ de nombreuses personnalités de divers milieux |url=http://french.peopledaily.com.cn/french/200401/02/fra20040102_64742.html |access-date=18 August 2015 |publisher=French.peopledaily.com.cn |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[File:Legion Honneur Commandeur ribbon.svg|40px]] Commandeur of the French [[Legion of Honour]]: 2003<ref>{{Cite news |title=Aznavour commandeur de la Légion d'honneur |language=fr |work=O |url=https://o.nouvelobs.com/people/20040514.OBS9273/aznavour-commandeur-de-la-legion-d-honneur.html |access-date=20 January 2018}}</ref>
* [[File:Ordre national du Merite Officier ribbon.svg|40px]] Officer in the [[Ordre national du Mérite|French Order of Merit]]: 1986
* [[File:Ordre national du Merite Commandeur ribbon.svg|40px]] Commandeur in the [[Ordre national du Mérite|French Order of Merit]]: 2000
* [[File:Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Commandeur ribbon.svg|40px]] Commandeur de l'[[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]]: 1997
* [[File:National Hero of Armenia ribbon.png|40px]] [[National Hero of Armenia]]: 2004<ref>{{cite web |date=28 May 2004 |title=Charles Aznavour and Kirk Kerkorian National Heroes of Armenia |url=http://www.panarmenian.net/news/eng/?nid=10630 |access-date=1 May 2011 |publisher=Panarmenian.net}}</ref>
* [[File:BEL Order of Leopold II - Officer BAR.png|40px]] Officer in the Belgian [[Order of Leopold II]]: 2004<ref>{{cite news |date=1 October 2018 |title=Les liens particuliers de Charles Aznavour avec la Belgique |language=fr |newspaper=La Libre |url=http://www.lalibre.be/culture/musique/les-liens-particuliers-de-charles-aznavour-avec-la-belgique-5bb24b45cd70a16d81296362 |access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[File:BEL Kroonorde Commandeur BAR.svg|40px]] Commandeur in the Belgian [[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Order of the Crown]]: 2015<ref>{{cite web |date=16 November 2015 |title=Charles Aznavour fait commandeur de l'Ordre de la couronne |url=https://www.rtbf.be/culture/musique/detail_charles-aznavour-fait-commandeur-de-l-ordre-de-la-couronne?id=9137952 |website=[[RTBF]] |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[File:CAN Order of Canada Officer ribbon.svg|40px]] Officer in the [[Order of Canada]]: 2008<ref name="The Canadian Press">{{cite web |date=31 March 2009 |title=Aznavour receives Order of Canada honours in Quebec - The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/article695422.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903182059/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/article695422.ece |archive-date=3 September 2009 |access-date=18 August 2015 |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]}}</ref>
* [[File:Barrette Ordre national du Québec - Officier.svg|40px]] Officer in the [[National Order of Quebec]]: 2009<ref>{{cite web |title=Citation |url=http://www.ordre-national.gouv.qc.ca/membres/membre.asp?id=2558 |work=National Order of Quebec}}</ref>
* [[File:JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 4Class BAR.svg|40px]] Japanese [[Order of the Rising Sun]]: 2018

===Honours===
* [[Medal of the City of Paris]]: 1969
* Grand Medal of the [[French Academy]]: 1995<ref>{{cite web |date=1 October 2018 |title=5 dates clés dans la carrière de Charles Aznavour |url=http://www.nostalgie.fr/artistes/charles-aznavour/actualites/5-dates-cles-dans-la-carriere-de-charles-aznavour-344036 |access-date=2 October 2018 |publisher=Nostalgie |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[Armenian nationality law|Citizenship]] of Armenia<ref name="Itzkoff" />
* [[Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal]]: 2012
* Raoul Wallenberg Medal: 2017<ref name="Wallenberg Medal" />

=== Awards ===
* Best Actor Award from the French Cinema Academy for his role in ''La Tête contre les murs'' by [[Georges Franju]]: 1959
* [[Edison Award]]s (three-time award winner): 1963, 1971 and 1980<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Lumley|editor1-first=Elizabeth|title=Canadian Who's Who 2009|date=2009|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|isbn=978-0802040923|page=50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X4cOAQAAMAAJ}}</ref>
* First Prize for French Song in Japan for La Mamma: 1964
* American Society of Songwriters Award: 1969
* [[Golden Lion]] Honorary Award at the [[Venice Film Festival]] for the Italian version of the song ''Mourir d'aimer'': 1971<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.lexpress.fr/culture/musique/videos-mourir-d-aimer-charles-aznavour-contre-le-conservatisme-des-annees-1970_1699181.html | title=Mourir d'aimer: Charles Aznavour contre le conservatisme des années 1970 | magazine=L'Express | date=19 July 2015 | access-date=2 October 2018 | author=Colonna-Césari, Annick}}</ref>
* Bernard-Lecache award
* Ambassador of Goodwill and Permanent Delegate of Armenia to [[UNESCO]]: 1995<ref>{{cite web |url=http://erc.unesco.org/cp/cp.asp?country=am&language=e |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031011174649/http://erc.unesco.org/cp/cp.asp?country=AM&language=E |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 October 2003 |title=Delegation of Armenia to UNESCO |publisher=Erc.unesco.org |access-date=1 May 2011 }}</ref>
* Induction into the [[Songwriters Hall of Fame]]: 1996<ref>{{cite web | author=Gregory Viscusi| url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-01/charles-aznavour-french-singer-compared-to-sinatra-dies-at-94 | title=Charles Aznavour, French Singer Compared to Sinatra, Dies at 94 | publisher=Bloomberg | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018 }}</ref>
* French [[Victoires de la Musique|Victoire]] award for Male Artist of the Year: 1997<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/les-grandes-dates-de-la-vie-de-charles-aznavour-01-10-2018-2259278_3.php | title=Les grandes dates de la vie de Charles Aznavour | magazine=Le Point | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* Honorary [[César Award]]: 1997<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/french-singer-actor-charles-aznavour-dies-at-age-94/ | title=French singer, actor Charles Aznavour dies at age 94 | publisher=CBS | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[MIDEM]] Lifetime Achievement Award: 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panarmenian.net/news/eng/?nid=28195 |title=Aznavour to receive MIDEM award, PanArmenian.net, 15.01.2009 |publisher=Panarmenian.net |date=15 January 2009 |access-date=1 May 2011}}</ref>
* [[Grigor Lusavorich]] award of [[Nagorno-Karabakh Republic]]: 2009<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.regnum.ru/news/fd-abroad/armenia/1164595.html |title=Именем Шарля Азнавура в Степанакерте назван культурный центр, Regnum, 2009 |publisher=Regnum.ru |date=18 May 2009 |access-date=1 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308225932/http://www.regnum.ru/news/fd-abroad/armenia/1164595.html |archive-date=8 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Honorary Doctorate from the [[University of Montreal]]: 2009<ref>{{cite news | url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/charles-aznavour-who-had-lifelong-love-affair-with-quebec-has-died | title=Charles Aznavour, who had lifelong love affair with Quebec, has died | newspaper=Montreal Gazette | date=1 October 2018 | access-date=2 October 2018}}</ref>
* Honorary order from Russia "For contributing to strengthening cultural relations between Russia and France": 2010{{cn|date=May 2023}}
* Special Prize named after [[Rouben Mamoulian]] of the "Hayak" National Film Awards in Armenia for "his great contribution to world cinema": 2014<ref>{{cite news|title=The French-Armenian legendary singer Charles Aznavour was awarded with the special prize named after Ruben Mamulyan during|url=http://armenpress.am/eng/news/761674/charles-aznavour-is-awarded-with-special-prize-named-after-ruben-mamulyan-at-%E2%80%9Chayak%E2%80%9D.html|access-date=8 June 2014|work=Armenpress|date=13 May 2014}}</ref>
* Honorary Award at the [[NRJ Music Award]]s: 2015
* Star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] for Live Performance, located at 6225 [[Hollywood Boulevard]]: 2016<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/people-charlesaznavour-idUSL4N1CY1ZN|title=French crooner Charles Aznavour gets honorary Hollywood Star plaque|date=29 October 2016|website=Reuters}}</ref>

===Statues and busts===
* In [[Gyumri]], Armenia there is a statue of Aznavour in a square named after him
* In [[Artsakh Republic]], a monument-bust of Aznavour was built in Stepanakert in 2022 to mark Aznavour's 100th birthday. [[Azerbaijan]] destroyed it after invading in September, 2023<ref>https://factor.am/746244.html</ref>.

==Bibliography==
*''Aznavour par Aznavour'', Paris, Fayard, 1970, 311 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-7020-0214-8}}).
*''Des mots à l'affiche'', Paris, Le Cherche-midi, 1991, 153 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-86274-210-6}}).
*''Mes chansons préférées'', (co-authored with Daniel Sciora), Christian Pirot, 2000
*''Le Temps des avants'', Paris, Flammarion, 2003, 354 p. ({{ISBN|2-08-068536-8}}).
*''Images de ma vie'' (photo book), Flammarion, 2005
*''Mon père, ce géant'', Paris, Flammarion, 2007, 152 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-08-120974-9}} et 2-08-120974-8)
*''À voix basse'', Paris, Don Quichotte, 2009, 225 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-35949-001-5}}).
*''D'une porte l'autre'', Paris, Éditions Don Quichotte, 2011, 163 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-35949-044-2}})
*''En haut de l'affiche'', Paris, Flammarion, 2011, 150 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-08-125710-8}})
*''Tant que battra mon cœur'', Paris, Éditions Don Quichotte, 2013, 228 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-35949-162-3}})
*''Ma vie, mes chansons, mes films'', (co-authored with Philippe Durant & Vincent Perrot), Paris, Éditions de la Martinière, 2015, 232 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-7324-7083-2}})
*''Retiens la vie'', Paris, Éditions Don Quichotte, 2017, 139 p. ({{ISBN|978-2-35949-683-3}})

==Discography==
{{Main|Charles Aznavour discography}}

==Filmography==
{{Main|Charles Aznavour filmography}}

==See also==

*[[List of best-selling music artists]]
*[[Armenia–France relations]]

==References==
;Notes
{{notelist-ua}}

;Citations
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

;Works cited
* {{cite book |last=Belleret |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Vie et légendes de Charles Aznavour |language=fr |publisher=Archipel |isbn=9782809823783}}
* {{cite book |last=Dicale |first=Bertrand |date=2017 |title=Tout Aznavour |language=fr |isbn=978-2-412-03531-3}}

==External links==

{{commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://www.charlesaznavour-lesite.fr}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181005152752/https://aznavourfoundation.org/en/ Aznavour Foundation]
* [http://imusic.am/artist/4963 Charles Aznavour ] on imusic.am
* {{cite web|url=http://www.armenian.ch/index.php?id=ambassador|title=Portrait de S.E. Charles Aznavour|publisher=Embassy of Armenia in Switzerland|language=fr|access-date=21 February 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630015859/http://www.armenian.ch/index.php?id=ambassador|archive-date=30 June 2014}}
* {{IMDb name|2198|Charles Aznavour}}
* {{Shof|id=61|name=Charles Aznavour}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110416155211/http://www.rfimusique.com/siteen/biographie/biographie_6059.asp Biography] by [[Radio France International]]
* [http://www.aznavour.narod.ru/ Charles Aznavour – Armenian-Russian Pages]

{{s-start}}
{{s-ach|aw}}
{{s-bef|before = [[Maxime Le Forestier]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Victoires de la Musique#Male Artist of the Year|Male artist of the year]] at the [[Victoires de la Musique]]|years = 1997}}
{{s-aft|after = [[Florent Pagny]]}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef|rows=2|before = [[Zohrab Mnatsakanian]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Permanent Representative]] of Armenia to the [[United Nations Office at Geneva|United Nations in Geneva]]|years = from 26 June 2009 till 1 October 2018}}
{{s-inc|rows=2}}
{{s-ttl|title = Ambassador of Armenia to Switzerland|years = from 30 June 2009 till 1 October 2018}}
{{s-end}}

{{Charles Aznavour}}
{{Honorary César}}
{{National Heroes of Armenia}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aznavour, Charles}}
[[Category:Charles Aznavour| ]]
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Armenia to Switzerland]]
[[Category:Angel Records artists]]
[[Category:Armenian Apostolic Christians]]
[[Category:Barclay Records artists]]
[[Category:Capitol Records artists]]
[[Category:César Honorary Award recipients]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)]]
[[Category:Order of Leopold (Belgium)]]
[[Category:English-language singers from France]]
[[Category:Ethnic Armenian male actors]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of France]]
[[Category:French people of Armenian descent]]
[[Category:French male film actors]]
[[Category:French male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:French singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:German-language singers]]
[[Category:Italian-language singers of France]]
[[Category:Male actors from Paris]]
[[Category:Liberty Records artists]]
[[Category:Mercury Records artists]]
[[Category:MGM Records artists]]
[[Category:Monument Records artists]]
[[Category:National Hero of Armenia]]
[[Category:Officers of the National Order of Quebec]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of Canada]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun]]
[[Category:Permanent Delegates of Armenia to UNESCO]]
[[Category:Permanent Representatives of Armenia to the United Nations]]
[[Category:RCA Records artists]]
[[Category:RCA Victor artists]]
[[Category:Reprise Records artists]]
[[Category:Spanish-language singers of France]]
[[Category:Deaths from pulmonary edema]]

User:RaffiKojian

2024-02-08T23:08:20Z

RaffiKojian: cleanup

{{Babel|en|hy-N|es-1|ru-1}}
Some reading material for those who argue there was no [[Armenian Genocide]]:
*[http://www.armeniapedia.org/wiki/International_Center_for_Transitional_Justice International Center for Transitional Justice] report on whether it was a genocide (report commissioned by panel including prominent Turks - answer is yes)
*[https://genocidescholars.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Turkish-State-Denial-Open-Letter.pdf Intn'l Assoc. of Genocide Scholars] open letter saying Armenian Genocide is fact, no need to discuss it.

Website:
*http://www.armeniapedia.org
==Photos==
Approx 10,000 of my own plant photos uploaded to wikimedia commons
*http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Images_from_Gardenology.org

Most of my own personal photos on Armeniapedia.org can be used here under the Creative Commons/Attribution license. I also have uploaded thousands of creative commons photos here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/122878035@N05/

I have tens of thousands more, but going through them and uploading them is a project that I have not gotten to yet.

[[Category:Wikipedians in Armenia|RaffiKojian]]

William Saroyan

2024-02-06T10:04:08Z

RaffiKojian: /* Commemoration */ stairs

{{short description|American writer}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = William Saroyan
| image = William Saroyan 1970s.jpg
| caption = Saroyan in the 1970s
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1908|08|31}}
| birth_place = [[Fresno, California]], U.S.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1981|05|18|1908|08|31}}
| death_place = Fresno, California, U.S.
| resting_place = {{cslist|[[Ararat Cemetery]], Fresno|[[Komitas Pantheon]], Yerevan, Armenia<ref>{{cite web|title=Relative to William Saroyan Year|url=http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/07-08/bill/sen/sb_0051-0100/scr_93_bill_20080604_chaptered.html|publisher=Official California Legislative Information|access-date=February 2, 2014|date=March 13, 2008|quote=Half of his ashes were buried in the Ararat Cemetery in Fresno and the remaining was interred in Yerevan, Armenia}}</ref> |semi=true}}
| occupation = {{cslist|Novelist|playwright|short story writer}}
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period = 1934–1981
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = {{ubl|[[The Armenian and the Armenian]] (1935)|''[[My Heart's in the Highlands (play)|My Heart's in the Highlands]]'' (1939)|''[[The Time of Your Life]]'' (1939)|''[[My Name Is Aram]]'' (1940)|''[[The Human Comedy (novel)|The Human Comedy]]'' (1943)|''[[Come On-a My House]]'' (1951)}}
| spouse = {{ubl|{{marriage|[[Carol Grace]]|1943|1949|end=divorced}}|{{marriage||1951|1952|end=divorced}}}}
| children = {{cslist|[[Aram Saroyan|Aram]]|[[Lucy Saroyan|Lucy]]}}
| relatives = [[Ross Bagdasarian]] (cousin)
| awards = {{ubli|{{awd|[[Pulitzer Prize for Drama]]|1940}}|{{awd|[[Academy Award for Best Story]]|[[16th Academy Awards|1943]]}}}}
| signature = William Armenaki Saroyan signature.svg
| signature_alt = Saroyan's signature
| website =
}}

'''William Saroyan'''<ref>{{lang-hy|Վիլեամ Սարոյեան in [[classical Armenian orthography|classical orthography]] and Վիլյամ Սարոյան in [[reformed Armenian orthography|reformed orthography]]}}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|s|ə|ˈ|r|ɔɪ|ə|n}}; August 31, 1908 – May 18, 1981) was an Armenian-American novelist, playwright, and short story writer. He was awarded the [[Pulitzer Prize for Drama]] in 1940, and in 1943 won the [[Academy Award for Best Story]] for the film [[The Human Comedy (film)|''The Human Comedy'']]. When the studio rejected his original 240-page treatment, he turned it into a novel, ''[[The Human Comedy (novel)|The Human Comedy]].''

Saroyan wrote extensively about the [[Armenian Americans|Armenian]] immigrant life in California. Many of his stories and plays are set in his native [[Fresno, California|Fresno]].<ref>{{cite news|title=William Saroyan Is Dead At 72; Wrote 'The Time of Your Life'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/19/obituaries/william-saroyan-is-dead-at-72-wrote-the-time-of-your-life.html|access-date=February 1, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 19, 1981}}</ref> Some of his best-known works are ''[[The Time of Your Life]]'', ''[[My Name Is Aram]]'' and '' [[My Heart's in the Highlands (play)|My Heart's in the Highlands]]''. His two collections of short stories from the 1930s, ''Inhale Exhale'' (1936) and ''[[The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze (short story collection)|The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze]]'' (1941) are regarded as among his major achievements and essential documents of the cultural history of the period on the American West Coast.

He has been described in a [[Dickinson College]] news release as "one of the most prominent literary figures of the mid-20th century"<ref>{{cite web|title=One-Man Show Tells Pulitzer-Prize Winning Author's Story|url=http://www2.dickinson.edu/news/arshow.cfm?226|publisher=[[Dickinson College]]|access-date=December 26, 2013|date=September 2, 2001|archive-date=December 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227004333/http://www2.dickinson.edu/news/arshow.cfm?226|url-status=dead}}</ref> and by [[Stephen Fry]] as "one of the most underrated writers of the [20th] century." Fry suggests that "he takes his place naturally alongside [[Hemingway]], [[Steinbeck]] and [[William Faulkner|Faulkner]]".<ref>[https://www.parajanov.com/saroyan 2013 Parajanov-Vartanov Institute Awards]</ref> [[Kurt Vonnegut]] has said that Saroyan was "the first and still the greatest of all the American minimalists.”<ref>[https://www.parajanov.com/saroyan Quotes by Stephen Fry, Kurt Vonnegut, Arthur Miller, Tennessee Williams]</ref>

==Biography==
[[File:Saroyan.jpg|thumb|Saroyan as a youth]]

===Early years===
William Saroyan was born on August 31, 1908, in [[Fresno, California]], to Armenak and Takuhi Saroyan, [[Armenians|Armenian]] immigrants from [[Bitlis]], [[Ottoman Empire]]. His father came to New York in 1905 and started preaching in [[Armenian Apostolic church]]es.{{sfn|Hamalian|1987|p=23}}

At the age of three, after his father's death, Saroyan, along with his brother and sister, was placed in an orphanage in [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saroyan Overview |url=https://home.uchicago.edu/~coleman/public_html/overview.html |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=home.uchicago.edu}}</ref> He later went on to describe his experience in the orphanage in his writings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saroyan Overview |url=https://home.uchicago.edu/~coleman/public_html/overview.html |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=home.uchicago.edu}}</ref> Five years later, the family reunited in Fresno, where his mother, Takuhi, had already secured work at a cannery.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saroyan Overview |url=https://home.uchicago.edu/~coleman/public_html/overview.html |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=home.uchicago.edu}}</ref> He continued his education on his own, supporting himself with jobs, such as working as an office manager for the San Francisco Telegraph Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saroyan Overview |url=https://home.uchicago.edu/~coleman/public_html/overview.html |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=home.uchicago.edu}}</ref>

Saroyan decided to become a writer after his mother showed him some of his father's writings. A few of his early short articles were published in ''[[Overland Monthly]]''. His first stories appeared at the end of the 1920s. Among these was "The Broken Wheel", written under the name Sirak Goryan and published in the Armenian journal ''[[Hairenik]]'' in 1933. Many of Saroyan's stories were based on his childhood experiences among the Armenian-American fruit growers of the [[San Joaquin Valley]] or dealt with the rootlessness of the immigrant. The short story collection ''My Name is Aram'' (1940), an international bestseller, was about a young boy and the colorful characters of his immigrant family. It has been translated into many languages.

===Career===
As a writer, Saroyan made his breakthrough in ''[[Story (magazine)|Story]]'' magazine with "The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze" (1934), the title taken from the nineteenth-century [[The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze (song)|song of the same title]]. The protagonist — a young, starving writer who tries to survive in a Depression-ridden society — resembles the penniless writer in [[Knut Hamsun]]'s 1890 novel ''[[Hunger (Hamsun novel)|Hunger]]'', but lacks the anger and nihilism of Hamsun's narrator.
{{quote|Through the air on the flying trapeze, his mind hummed. Amusing it was, astoundingly funny. A trapeze to God, or to nothing, a flying trapeze to some sort of eternity; he prayed objectively for strength to make the flight with grace.}}

The story was republished in the 1941 short story collection that took its title. The royalties from this enabled Saroyan to travel to Europe and Armenia, where he learned to love the taste of Russian cigarettes, once observing, "You may tend to get cancer from the thing that makes you want to smoke so much, not from the smoking itself" (from ''Not Dying'', 1963). His advice to a young writer was: "Try to learn to breathe deeply; really to taste food when you eat, and when you sleep really to sleep. Try as much as possible to be wholly alive with all your might, and when you laugh, laugh like hell." Saroyan endeavored to create a prose style full of zest for life and seemingly impressionistic, that came to be called "Saroyanesque".

Saroyan's stories of the period characteristically devote an unvarnished attention to the trials and tribulation, social malaise and despair of the [[Great Depression|Depression]]. He worked rapidly, hardly editing his text, and drinking and gambling away much of his earnings.
{{quote|I am an estranged man, said the liar: estranged from myself, from my family, my fellow man, my country, my world, my time, and my culture. I am not estranged from God, although I am a disbeliever in everything about God excepting God indefinable, inside all and careless of all.|from ''Here Comes There Goes You Know Who'', 1961}}

[[File:William Saroyan.jpg|thumb|Saroyan in 1940]]
Saroyan published essays and memoirs, in which he depicted the people he had met on travels in the Soviet Union and Europe, such as the playwright [[George Bernard Shaw]], the Finnish composer [[Jean Sibelius]], and [[Charlie Chaplin]]. In 1952, Saroyan published ''The Bicycle Rider in Beverly Hills'', the first of several volumes of [[memoir]]s. Several other works were drawn from his own experiences, although his approach to autobiographical fact contained a fair bit of [[poetic license]]. Drawn from such deeply personal sources, Saroyan's plays often disregarded the convention that conflict is essential to drama. ''My Heart's in the Highlands'' (1939), his first play, a comedy about a young boy and his Armenian family, was produced at the Guild Theatre in New York. He is probably best remembered for his play ''[[The Time of Your Life]]'' (1939), set in a waterfront saloon in San Francisco. It won a [[Pulitzer Prize]], which Saroyan refused on the grounds that commerce should not judge the arts; he did accept the [[New York Drama Critics' Circle]] award. The play was adapted into a [[The Time of Your Life (film)|1948 film]] starring [[James Cagney]].

Before the war, Saroyan had worked on the screenplay of [[Golden Boy (1939 film)|''Golden Boy'']] (1939), based on [[Clifford Odets]]'s [[Golden Boy (play)|play]], but he never had much success in Hollywood. A second screenplay, ''[[The Human Comedy (film)|The Human Comedy]]'' (1943) is set in the fictional California town of Ithaca in the [[San Joaquin Valley]] (based on Saroyan's memories of [[Fresno]], California), where young [[telegraph]] messenger Homer bears witness to the sorrows and joys of life during [[World War II]].
{{quote|"Mrs. Sandoval," Homer said swiftly, "your son is dead. Maybe it's a mistake. Maybe it wasn't your son. Maybe it was somebody else. The telegram says it was Juan Domingo. But maybe the telegram is wrong ... |from ''The Human Comedy''}}

Having hired Saroyan to write the [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]] screenplay, [[Louis B. Mayer]] balked at its length, but Saroyan would not compromise and was removed from directing the project. He then turned the script into a novel, publishing it just prior to the release of the film, for which he won the 1943 [[Academy Award for Best Story]]. The novel is often credited as the source for the movie, when in fact the reverse is true. The novel was itself the basis for a [[The Human Comedy (musical)|1983 musical of the same name]]. After his disappointment with the ''[[The Human Comedy (film)|Human Comedy]]'' film project, he never permitted Hollywood screen adaptations of any of his novels, despite his often dire financial straits.

[[File:Saroyan Portrait2ab.jpg|thumb|Autographed portrait of Saroyan]]
Saroyan served in the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] during [[World War II]] and was stationed in [[Astoria, Queens]], spending much of his time at the Lombardy Hotel in Manhattan, far from Army personnel. In 1942, he was posted to London as part of a [[United States Army Signal Corps|Signal Corps]] film unit.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1981/05/19/william-saroyan-dies-at-72/5cad502d-8aca-478d-a53a-9d6156d841ab/ William Saroyan Dies at 72] ''[[The Washington Post]]''. Retrieved January 17, 2024.</ref> He narrowly avoided a [[court martial]] when his novel, ''The Adventures of Wesley Jackson'', was seen as advocating [[pacifism]]. Interest in Saroyan's novels declined after the war, when he was criticized for sentimentality. Freedom, brotherly love, and universal benevolence were for him basic values, but critics considered his [[idealism]] as out of step with the times which, in their view, were properly described as devoted to division, ethnic and ideological hatred, and universal predation. He still wrote prolifically, so that one of his readers could ask "How could you write so much good stuff and still write such bad stuff?" In the novellas ''The Assyrian and other stories'' (1950) and in ''The Laughing Matter'' (1953), Saroyan mixed [[allegory|allegorical]] elements within a realistic novel. The plays ''Sam Ego's House'' (1949) and ''The Slaughter of the Innocents'' (1958) were not as successful as his prewar plays. Many of Saroyan's later plays, such as ''The Paris Comedy'' (1960), ''The London Comedy'' (1960), and ''[[Settled Out of Court (play)|Settled Out of Court]]'' (1960), premiered in Europe. Manuscripts of a number of unperformed plays are now at [[Stanford University]] with his other papers.

When [[Ernest Hemingway]] learned that Saroyan had made fun of the controversial non-fiction work ''[[Death in the Afternoon]]'', Hemingway responded: "We've seen them come and go — good ones too, better ones than you, Mr. Saroyan."

One of Saroyan's most financially successful ventures was perhaps his most unlikely: the song "[[Come On-a My House]]," which became a huge hit in 1951 for singer [[Rosemary Clooney]].<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Life|date=July 16, 1951|page=34|title=Come On-a My House}}</ref> Saroyan wrote the song in 1939 with his cousin [[Ross Bagdasarian]] (who later became famous as "[[David Seville]]," the impresario behind [[Alvin and the Chipmunks]]), adapting the music from an Armenian folk song.<ref>{{cite book|page=252|title=Saroyan: A Biography|author=Lee, Lawrence, & Gifford, Barry|publisher=University of California Press|year=1998|isbn=0520213998}}</ref>

Saroyan also painted.<ref name="anitashapolskygallery.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.anitashapolskygallery.com/saroyan.html|title=William Saroyan|work=Anita Shapolsky Gallery NYC|access-date=March 21, 2015|archive-date=April 19, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419080202/http://www.anitashapolskygallery.com/saroyan.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He said: "I made drawings before I learned how to write. The impulse to do so seems basic — it is both the invention and the use of language."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/S-F-gathering-celebrates-Saroyan-s-centennial-3196933.php|title=S.F. gathering celebrates Saroyan's centennial; Living, working and carousing in San Francisco, Fresno-born author chronicled the human comedy|work=SFGate|last=Nolte|first=Carl|date=September 4, 2008}}</ref> His [[abstract expressionist]] works were exhibited by the [[Anita Shapolsky Gallery]] in New York City.<ref name="anitashapolskygallery.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/marcia-g-yerman/the-expressive-edge-of-pa_b_4982885.html|title=The Expressive Edge of Paper|work=The Huffington Post|date=March 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SDOrMQAACAAJ|title=In Celebration of the Exhibition, The Writer as Artist: Lawrence Ferlinghetti and William Saroyan |work=Anita Shapolsky Gallery, National Arts Club (New York, N.Y.)|last1=Gallery |first1=Anita Shapolsky |year=1997 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anitashapolskygallery.com/past_exhibits_writers.html|title=The Writer's Brush; September 11th – October 27th, 2007|work=Anita Shapolsky Gallery NYC|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201060315/http://www.anitashapolskygallery.com/past_exhibits_writers.html|archive-date=February 1, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vmtRAAAAYAAJ|title= Volume 19, Issues 6–8 |work=Art & Auction Magazine|date= 1997}}</ref> From 1958 on, William Saroyan mainly resided in a Paris apartment. In the late 1960s and 1970s, Saroyan earned more money and finally got out of debt. In 1979, he was inducted into the [[American Theater Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1979/11/19/113925202.pdf|title=Theater Hall of Fame Enshrines 51 Artists|work=www.nytimes.com}}</ref> The Indian educational board CBSE has added a chapter of his in the grade 11 English book ''Snapshots'' named "The Summer of the Beautiful White Horse" in his honour.

===Personal life===
Saroyan had a correspondence with writer [[Sanora Babb]] that began in 1932 and ended in 1941, that grew into an unrequited love affair on Saroyan's part.<ref name=Balakian>{{cite book|last=Balakian|first=Nona|title=The World of William Saroyan|year=1998|publisher=Bucknell University Press|location=Lewisburg, [Pa.]|isbn=978-0-8387-5368-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/worldofwilliamsa00bala/page/273 273]–275|url=https://archive.org/details/worldofwilliamsa00bala|url-access=registration|edition=2. print.|quote=I have never stopped thinking of you as somebody rare and extraordinary and fine and wonderful and truly beautiful.}}</ref>

In 1943, Saroyan married actress [[Carol Grace]] (1924–2003; also known as Carol Marcus), with whom he had two children: [[Aram Saroyan|Aram]], who became an author and published a book about his father, and [[Lucy Saroyan|Lucy]], who became an actress.<ref>{{cite book | last=Saroyan | first=Aram | title=Last Rites: The Death of William Saroyan | edition=First | location=New York | publisher=William Morrow & Co | year=1982 | isbn=978-0-688-01262-5}}</ref> By the late 1940s, Saroyan's drinking and gambling took a toll on his marriage, and in 1949, upon returning from an extended European trip, he filed for divorce. They remarried in 1951 and divorced again in 1952 with Marcus later claiming in her autobiography, ''Among the Porcupines: A Memoir'',<ref>{{cite book | last=Matthau | first=Carol | title=Among the Porcupines: A Memoir | edition=First | location=New York | publisher=Turtle Bay Books | year=1992 | isbn=0-394-58266-7 | url=https://archive.org/details/amongporcupinesm00matt }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Witchel | first=Alex | title=The Real Holly Golightly | url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE0DE143AF93AA25754C0A964958260 | work=The New York Times | date=July 19, 1992 | access-date=December 15, 2008}}</ref> that Saroyan was [[abusive]]. After her divorce from Saroyan, [[Carol Grace]] (Marcus) married actor [[Walter Matthau]] in 1959, and they remained married until his death in 2000.

Saroyan died in Fresno, of [[prostate cancer]] at the age of 72. Half of his ashes were buried in California, and the remainder in Armenia at the [[Komitas Pantheon]] near fellow artists such as composer [[Aram Khachaturian]], painter [[Martiros Saryan]], and film director [[Sergei Parajanov]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parajanov.com/saroyan.html|title=saroyan|date=February 9, 2017}}</ref>

== Commemoration ==
[[File:Saroyan-armeniapedia 2283.jpg|thumb|Statue of William Saroyan in [[Yerevan]], [[Armenia]]]]
In 2008 a monument<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://planetaarmenia.ru/content/show/379-pamyatnik-vilyamu-saroyanu/ |title=William Saroyan monument in Yerevan |access-date=December 29, 2019 |archive-date=January 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110030725/http://planetaarmenia.ru/content/show/379-pamyatnik-vilyamu-saroyanu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> was erected in honor of Saroyan in [[Mashtots Avenue]] in [[Yerevan]] (sculptor David Yerevantsi, architects Ruben Asratyan and Levon Igityan).

In 2014 the city council of [[Bitlis]] approved the renaming of five streets in the historical part of the city in [[Southeastern Anatolia Region|Southeast Turkey]]. One of the 5 streets was renamed to “William Saroyan Street”.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://armeniangc.com/2014/08/v-bitlise-poyavitsya-ulica-uilyama-saroyana/|title = In Bitlis William Saroyan street will appear|date = August 22, 2014|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref>
In 2015 several libraries were opened in honor of William Saroyan in the city of [[Bitlis]], [[Turkey]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://armeniangc.com/2015/02/v-bitlise-otkroetsya-biblioteka-kotoraya-budet-nazvana-v-chest-uilyama-saroyana/|title = In Bitlis a library will be opened named after William Saroyan.|date = February 20, 2015|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref>

On August 31, 2018, the [[William Saroyan House Museum]] was opened in the house where Saroyan lived for the last 17 years of his life,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article217684680.html | title=William Saroyan House Museum opens in central Fresno | first=Ashleigh | last=Panoo | date=August 31, 2018 | work=The Fresno Bee | access-date=September 23, 2020}}</ref> in the city of [[Fresno, California|Fresno]], the [[United States|USA]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.armmuseum.ru/news-blog/2018/6/25/--3|title = In the USA a Historic house museum will be opened.|access-date = 2019-12-29|archive-date = July 1, 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190701072216/https://www.armmuseum.ru/news-blog/2018/6/25/--3|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://novostink.net/diaspora/145853-osobnyak-pisatelya-uilyama-saroyana-vo-fresno-budet-prevraschen-v-dom-muzey.html|title = William Saroyan's estate will be turned into a Historic house museum in Fresno.|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref> The house presents photographs from different periods of his life, drawings, and covers of his books. The museum has a separate room which features a hologram of the writer.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://kmph.com/great-day/the-daily-de-la-vega/jim-previews-the-william-saroyan-house-museum | title=Jim previews the William Saroyan House Museum | first=Stephen | last=Hawkins | date=August 31, 2018 | publisher=KMPH-TV | access-date=September 23, 2020}}</ref>

In 1991 the [[United States|USA]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/95291-William_Saroyan_1908-1981_Author-Literary_Arts_Series-United_States_of_America|title=William Saroyan (1908-1981), Author, face value of 29 cents|publisher=Colnect|language=en|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref> and the [[Soviet Union|USSR]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/90112-William_Saroyan_1908-1981_Author-Joint_issue_of_USSR_and_USA_William_Saroyan-Soviet_Union_USSR|title=William Saroyan (1908-1981), Author, face value of 1 Russian ruble|publisher=Colnect|language=en|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref> (series "Joint issue of USSR and USA. William Saroyan") issued stamps depicting William Saroyan.

The [[Central Bank of Armenia]] issued a 10,000 [[Armenian dram|Dram]] coin (''100th Birth anniversary of novelist William Saroyan'') in 2008<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://colnect.com/en/coins/coin/24275-10000_Dram_100th_Birth_anniversary_of_novelist_William_Saroyan-1994~Today_-_Republic_Numismatic_Product-Armenia|title=10,000 Dram (100th Birth anniversary of novelist William Saroyan)|publisher=Colnect|language=en|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref> and a 5,000 [[Armenian dram|Dram]] banknote in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://colnect.com/en/banknotes/banknote/99857-5000_Dram-2018_Issue-Armenia|title=5,000 Dram, 2018|publisher=Colnect|language=en|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref>

In October 1988, a small alley in San Francisco across from [[City Lights Bookstore]] named Adler Place, was renamed William Saroyan Place in Saroyan's honor.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Weidman|first=Rich|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AtGGDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22saroyan%22+place+1988+rename&pg=PT357|title=The Beat Generation FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the Angelheaded Hipsters|date=2015-09-01|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-61713-635-1|language=en}}</ref> Championed by City Lights owner [[Lawrence Ferlinghetti]], the naming (along with the renaming of its twin alley across the street to "[[Jack Kerouac Alley]]") was commemorated with a gala.

In Los Angeles, there are a series of stairs in the Hollywoodland neighborhood, one of which is named the Saroyan Stairs<ref>https://www.discoverlosangeles.com/things-to-do/discover-the-hidden-stairs-of-los-angeles</ref>. Saroyan used to live in the nearby [[Villa Carlotta (Los Angeles County)|Villa Carlotta]]<ref>https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=231688</ref>.

==Awards==
In 1940 William Saroyan was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his play ''The Time of Your Life''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=William Saroyan Pulitzer Prize |url=https://www.pulitzer.org/winners/william-saroyan |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=www.pulitzer.org |language=en}}</ref>'','' but he refused the award.

In 1943 William Saroyan received the Academy Award for his screenplay for ''The Human Comedy'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Browser Unsupported - Academy Awards Search {{!}} Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences |url=https://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/Error/NotFound?aspxerrorpath=/Search/Nominations |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=awardsdatabase.oscars.org}}</ref> a screenplay he adapted into a novel that was published just prior to the release of the film.'' ''

The 2013 [[Parajanov-Vartanov Institute]] Award posthumously honored Saroyan for the play ''The Time of Your Life'' and the novel ''Human Comedy''. It was presented to his granddaughter by Academy Award-winning Hollywood actor [[Jon Voight]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parajanov.com/institute.html|title=Parajanov-Vartanov Institute - Official site|website=Parajanov-Vartanov Institute|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424145201/http://www.parajanov.com/institute.html|archive-date=April 24, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.docla.org|title=DOC LA — Los Angeles Documentary Film Festival — Hollywood|website=DOC LA — Los Angeles Documentary Film Festival — Hollywood}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0003350/2013|title=Parajanov-Vartanov Institute Awards (2013)|website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
[[File:William Saroyan's tomb at Yerevan's Komitas Pantheon.JPG|thumb|William Saroyan's tomb at Yerevan's Komitas Pantheon]]
[[File:Saroyan 20210905 105449447.jpg|thumb|William Saroyan portrait in Yerevan composed of plastic bottle caps.]]

===Books===
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze (short stories)|''The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze'']] (1934)
* ''Inhale and Exhale'' (1936)
* ''Three Times Three'' (1936)
* ''Little Children'' (1937)
* ''The Trouble With Tigers'' (1938)
* ''The Gay and Melancholy Flux'' (1938)
* ''Love Here Is My Hat'' (1938)
* ''A Native American'' (1938)
* ''Peace, It's Wonderful'' (1939)
* ''[[My Name Is Aram]]'' (1940)
* ''Hilltop Russians in San Francisco'' (1941)
* ''Saroyan's Fables'' (1941)
* ''Razzle-Dazzle'' (1942)
* ''[[The Human Comedy (novel)|The Human Comedy]]'' (1943)
* ''Get Away Old Man'' (1944)
* ''Dear Baby'' (1944)
* ''The Adventures of Wesley Jackson'' (1946)
* ''The Twin Adventures'' (1950) Saroyan's journal with reprint of ''Wesley Jackson''
* ''The Assyrian and Other Stories'' (1951)
* ''Rock Wagram'' (1951)
* ''[[Tracy's Tiger]]'' (1952)
* ''The Bicycle Rider in Beverly Hills'' (1952)
* ''The Laughing Matter'' (1953)
* ''Love'' (1955) 
* ''The Whole Voyald and Other Stories'' (1956)
* ''Mama I Love You'' (1956)
* ''Papa You're Crazy'' (1957)
* ''Here Comes, There Goes, You Know Who'' (1961)
** "Gaston" (1962), short story collected in ''Madness ... ''
* ''Me: A Modern Masters Book for Children'' (1963), illustrated by [[Murray Tinkelman]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.amazon.com/Me-Modern-Masters-Book-Children/dp/B0000CLZK4|title=Me: A Modern Masters Book For Children: William Saroyan, Murray Tinkelman: Amazon.com: Books|date=January 1963|publisher=The Crowell-Collier Press}}</ref>
* ''Not Dying'' (1963)
* ''Boys and Girls Together'' (1963)
* ''One Day in the Afternoon of the World'' (1964)
* ''Short Drive, Sweet Chariot'' (1966)
* ''I Used to Believe I Had Forever, Now I'm Not So Sure'' (1968)
* ''The Man with the Heart in the Highlands and other stories'' (1968) 
* ''[[Letters from 74 rue Taitbout]]'' (1969)
* ''Places Where I've Done Time'' 1972
* ''Days of Life and Death and Escape to the Moon'' (1973)
* ''Sons Come and Go, Mothers Hang In Forever'' (1976)
* ''Chance Meetings'' (1978)
* ''Obituaries'' (1979)
* ''Births'' (1983)
* ''My name is Saroyan'' (1983)
* ''Madness in the Family'' (1988), collected late stories
{{Div col end}}

[[File:5000 dram 2018 Obverse.jpg|300px|thumb|Saroyan on a 2018 5000 Dram banknote]]

===Plays===
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* ''[[The Time of Your Life]]'' (1939) – winner of the [[New York Drama Critics' Circle]] and the [[Pulitzer Prize for Drama]]
* ''[[My Heart's in the Highlands (play)|My Heart's in the Highlands]]'' (1939)
* ''Elmer and Lily'' (1939)
*[http://lccn.loc.gov/40030799 Three plays] (1940):
:*''My Heart's in the Highlands''
:*''[[The Time of Your Life]]''
:* ''Love's Old Sweet Song''
* ''Love's Old Sweet Song''<ref>
{{cite book
| first = William
| last = Saroyan
| author-link = William Saroyan
| title = Love's Old Sweet Song: A Play in Three Acts
| publisher = Samuel French
| url = https://archive.org/stream/lovesoldsweetson013163mbp/lovesoldsweetson013163mbp_djvu.txt
| page = 72
| date = 1940
| access-date = 15 July 2017}}</ref>
* ''The Agony of Little Nations'' (1940)
* ''Subway Circus'' (1940)
* ''[[Hello Out There]]'' (1941)
* ''Across the Board on Tomorrow Morning'' (1941)
* ''The Beautiful People'' (1941)
* ''Bad Men in the West'' (1942)
* ''Talking to You'' (1942)
* ''Coming Through the Rye'' (1942)
* ''Don't Go Away Mad'' (1947)
* ''Jim Dandy'' (1947)
* ''The Slaughter of the Innocents'' (1952)
* ''The Oyster and the Pearl (Television Play)'' (1953)
* ''The Stolen Secret'' (1954)
* ''A Midsummer Daydream (Television Play)'' (1955)
* ''The Cave Dwellers'' (1958)
* ''Sam, The Highest Jumper Of Them All, or the London Comedy'' (1960)
* ''[[Settled Out of Court (play)|Settled Out of Court]]'' (1960)
* ''Hanging around the Wabash'' (1961)
* ''The Dogs, or the Paris Comedy'' (1969)
* ''Armenian'' (1971)
* ''Assassinations'' (1974)
* ''Tales from the Vienna Streets'' (1980)
* ''An Armenian Trilogy'' (1986)
* ''The Parsley Garden'' (1992)
{{div col end}}

===Short stories===
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* "The Snake"
* "An Ornery Kind of Kid"
* "The Filipino and the Drunkard"
* "Gaston" (date unknown)
* "The Hummingbird That Lived Through Winter"
* "Knife-Like, Flower-Like, Like Nothing At All in the World" (1942)
* "The Mourner"
* "The Parsley Garden"
* ''[[The Summer of the Beautiful White Horse]]'' (1938)
* [http://www.speakassyria.org/uploads/Saroyans_Seventy.pdf "Seventy Thousand Assyrians"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108192748/http://www.speakassyria.org/uploads/Saroyans_Seventy.pdf |date=January 8, 2015 }} (1934)
* "The Shepherd's Daughter"
* "Sweetheart Sweetheart Sweetheart"
* "Third day after Christmas" (1926)
* "Five Ripe Pears" (1935)
* "Pomegranate Trees" (year unknown)
* "Seventeen" (written during the Great Depression, in the collection of [[The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze (short stories)|''The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze and Other Stories'']])
* "The Barber´s Uncle"
{{Div col end}}

===Poem===
* "Me" (''[[The Saturday Evening Post]]'', March 9, 1963, illustrated by [[Murray Tinkelman]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ijIhAQAAIAAJ&q=saturday+evening+post+me+william+saroyan+1963&pg=PA2889|title=Catalog of Copyright Entries. Third Series|work=google.com|year=1973}}</ref>

===Song===
* "[[Come On-a My House]]", a hit for [[Rosemary Clooney]], based on an Armenian folk song, written with his cousin, [[Ross Bagdasarian, Sr.|Ross Bagdasarian]], later the impresario of [[Alvin and the Chipmunks]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/03/arts/music/03miller.html|title=Mitch Miller, Maestro of the Singalong, Dies at 99|first=Richard|last=Severo|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 2, 2010}}</ref>
* "Eat, Eat, Eat" (words and music) sung by [[Danny Kaye]] with the [[Vic Schoen]] Orchestra<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=oyEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA47 Billboard 3 Nov 1951]. p.49. [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']].</ref><ref>[https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/matrix/detail/2000272874/L_6451-Eat_eat_eat Decca matrix L 6451. Eat, eat, eat! / Danny Kaye]. Discography of American Historical Recordings.</ref>

==References==
;Specific
{{Reflist}}

;General
*{{cite book|last=Hamalian|first=Leo|title=William Saroyan: the man and the writer remembered|year=1987|publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson University Press|location=Rutherford, New Jersey|isbn=9780838633083|url=https://archive.org/details/williamsaroyanma0000unse}}
* ''[http://armof.org/Publications.html Saroyan: His Heart In The Highlands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201202813/http://armof.org/Publications.html |date=February 1, 2015 }}'' (2008)

==Further reading==
* Balakian, N., 1998. ''The World of William Saroyan''.
* Floan, H. R., 1966. ''William Saroyan''.
* Foster, E. H., 1984. ''William Saroyan''.
* Foster, E. H., 1991. ''William Saroyan: A Study in the Shorter Fiction''.
* Gifford, Barry, and Lee, Lawrence, 1984. ''Saroyan''.
*{{cite book|editor=Hamalian, Leo|year=1987|title=William Saroyan: The Man and the Writer Remembered|publisher=[[Fairleigh Dickinson University Press]]|isbn=9780838633083|url=https://archive.org/details/williamsaroyanma0000unse}}
* Keyishan, H., 1995. ''Critical Essays in William Saroyan''.
* Leggett, John, 2002. ''A Daring Young Man: A Biography of William Saroyan''.
* Linde, Mauricio D. Aguilera, 2002, "Saroyan and the Dream of Success: The American Vaudeville as a Political Weapon," 11.1 (Winter): 18–31.
* Linde, Mauricio D. 2016. "Saroyan’s Travel Memories: Contesting National Identities for Armenian-Americans". ''Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik.A Quarterly of Language, Literature and Culture.''64(4), pp. 415–429.
* Radavich, David. "War of the Wests: Saroyan's Dramatic Landscape." ''American Drama'' 9:2 (Spring 2000): 29–49.
* Samuelian, Varaz, 1985. ''Willie & Varaz: Memories of My Friend William Saroyan''.
* [[Jon Whitmore|Whitmore, Jon]], 1995. ''William Saroyan''.
*{{cite book|last1=Hunter|first1=Pat|last2=Stevens|first2=Janice|title=William Saroyan: Places in Time|date=2008|publisher=Craven Street Books|location=Fresno|isbn=9781933502243}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
{{commons category}}
* [https://foreversaroyan.com/ Forever Saroyan Family Archives]
* [http://williamsaroyansociety.org/ The William Saroyan Society.]
* [http://williamsaroyanfoundation.org/ The William Saroyan Foundation]
* [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=William_Saroyan William Saroyan article] on Armeniapedia.org.
* {{Books and Writers |id=saroyan |name=William Saroyan}}
* [http://www.parajanov.com/saroyan.html William Saroyan at Parajanov.com]
* Website of the documentary film ''[http://saroyandocumentaryfilm.com/ William Saroyan : The Man, The Writer]'', by Paul and Susie Kalinian
* [https://saroyanhouse.com/ Saroyan House Museum]
* {{IBDB name}}
* {{IMDb name|765490}}

{{Navboxes
| title = Awards for William Saroyan
| list =
{{AcademyAwardBestStory 1940–1956}}
{{PulitzerPrize DramaAuthors 1926-1950}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saroyan, William}}
[[Category:1908 births]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century American screenwriters]]
[[Category:20th-century American short story writers]]
[[Category:American male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:American male novelists]]
[[Category:American male screenwriters]]
[[Category:American male short story writers]]
[[Category:American writers of Armenian descent]]
[[Category:Best Story Academy Award winners]]
[[Category:Burials at the Komitas Pantheon]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]]
[[Category:Deaths from prostate cancer]]
[[Category:Military personnel from California]]
[[Category:Pulitzer Prize for Drama winners]]
[[Category:Saroyan family]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from California]]
[[Category:United States Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:United States Army Signal Corps personnel]]
[[Category:Writers from Fresno, California]]

Bouea macrophylla

2024-02-05T06:35:51Z

RaffiKojian: /* Description */ clarification

{{Short description|Species of fruit and plant}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Bouea_macrophylla_young_fruit.JPG
| image_caption = Immature ''Bouea macrophylla'' in a basket
| genus = Bouea
| species = macrophylla
| authority = [[William Griffith (botanist)|Griff.]]<ref name=POWO>{{cite POWO | title = ''Bouea macrophylla'' | id = 69262-1 | access-date = 14 September 2023}}</ref>
| synonyms =
{{Species list
| Bouea gandaria | Blume
| Tropidopetalum javanicum | Turcz.
}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=POWO/>
}}

'''''Bouea macrophylla''''', commonly known as '''gandaria''' or '''plum mango''' or '''mango plum''' in English, is a species of [[flowering plant]] native to [[Southeast Asia]]. The tree belongs to the family [[Anacardiaceae]] which also includes [[mango]] and [[cashew]].

==Description==
[[File:Bouea macrop Fr 080109-3217 tdp.jpg|thumb|left|A young gandaria fruit in [[Java]]. Ripened ones are yellow-orange.]]
[[File:Bouea_macrop_Lv_070705-0024_ipb.jpg|thumb|left|Gandaria leaf in [[Java]]]]
The [[evergreen]] tree grows to heights of 25 meters. Its leaves are lanceolate to elliptic in shape (see: [[Leaf shape]]), and range from 13 to 45 cm (5 to 17 inches) long and from 5 to 7 cm (2 to 3 inches) wide.

The unripe fruit (resembling a mango) are green in colour and mature to an orange/yellow, with the seed being pink. They grow to roughly 2 to 5 cm (0.7 to 1.9 inches) in [[diameter]]. The entire fruit, including its skin is edible. The fruit range from sweet to sour in flavor similar to the [[Alphonso (mango)|Alphonso mango]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://home.bt.com/lifestyle/wellbeing/this-is-a-mango-plum-hybrid-and-theyre-about-to-go-on-sale-in-the-uk-11363973430713|title=This is a mango plum hybrid and they're about to go on sale in the UK|website=BT.com|language=en|access-date=2019-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519193109/http://home.bt.com/lifestyle/wellbeing/this-is-a-mango-plum-hybrid-and-theyre-about-to-go-on-sale-in-the-uk-11363973430713|archive-date=2019-05-19|url-status=live}}</ref> and have a light smell of [[turpentine]]. When ripe, the fruit is soft and has fibrous mango-like seeds that have a noticeable purple color.

Flowering and fruiting times differ for [[Thailand]] and [[Indonesia]].
*Thailand : flowers in November to December, and fruit appears from April to May.
*Indonesia : flowers in June to November, and fruit appears from March to June.

==Distribution==
The tree is native to [[Indonesia]], and [[Burma]]. It is also found in [[Thailand]], [[Laos]], and [[Malaysia]], where it is commercially grown. It can also be found in the northern parts of Pakistan (such as Murree and Nathia Gali).

==Uses==
=== Culinary ===
[[File:Jus Gandaria.jpg|thumb|''Jus gandaria'', mango plum juice consumed in [[Indonesia]]]]
Both the leaves and fruit from the tree can be eaten. The leaves can be eaten raw when they are still young, and can be used in [[salad]]s. While the seed is edible, the [[endosperm]] is generally bitter. The fruit is very acidic and has a mango-like flavour. It can be eaten raw, or made into dishes such as [[Pickling|pickle]], [[compote]], or [[sambal]]. Unripened fruit can be used to make [[rojak]] and [[asinan]].<ref>"West Australian Nut and Tree Crops Association". WANATCA Yearbook (ISSN 0312-8997), Vol. 20, p. 42 (1996).</ref> In [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], the fruit is made for juice.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jus Buah Gandaria: Perpaduan Jus Mangga dan Jeruk Dengan Manfaat Luar Biasa |url=https://indonesiakaya.com/pustaka-indonesia/jus-buah-gandaria-perpaduan-jus-mangga-dan-jeruk-dengan-manfaat-luar-biasa/ |website=indonesiakaya.com |access-date=20 March 2023 |language=Indonesian}}</ref>

===Functional===
The entire tree can be used as an ornamental fruit bearing [[shade tree]] due to its dense foliage.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://toptropicals.com/catalog/uid/bouea_burmanica.htm |title=TopTropicals plant catalog |access-date=2007-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915145931/http://toptropicals.com/catalog/uid/Bouea_burmanica.htm |archive-date=2007-09-15 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Other names==
[[File:Buah Remia Siam.jpg|thumb|Ripe ''Bouea macrophylla'' or Buah Remia/Setar/Kundang sold in [[Malaysia]]]]

''Bouea macrophylla'' is commonly known in [[English language|English]] as the "marian plum", "gandaria", "plum mango" and "mango plum". In [[Malay language|Malay]], the tree is known as ''kundang'' in [[Malay language|Malay]] and its fruit ''buah kundang''. The Malays differentiate between two varieties:

* ''Kundang daun kecil'' ("small-leaf ''kundang''") also known as ''remia, remnia'' or ''rumenia''.
* ''Kundang daun besar'' ("large-leaf ''kundang''"), also known as ''kundang hutan'' ("jungle ''kundang'') or ''setar''. This usually refers to ''[[Bouea oppositifolia]]'', and is the origin of the [[toponym]] [[Alor Setar]] (with ''alor'' meaning "small stream").

In [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], it is known as ''ramania'' and ''gandaria''. It is also known in [[Thai language|Thai]] as ''maprang'' (มะปราง), ''mayong'' (มะยง) and ''mayong chit'' (มะยงชิด). In [[Burmese language|Burmese]] as ''mayan-thi'' (မရန်းသီး); and in [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] as ''thanh trà''.

In 2015 a major retailer introduced the fruit to the British public under the name ''plango'', apparently a [[portmanteau word]] for "plum" and "mango".<ref>Fresh Plaza announcement [http://www.freshplaza.com/article/137865/New-fruit-Plango-launched] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401003550/http://www.freshplaza.com/article/137865/New-fruit-Plango-launched|date=2018-04-01}}</ref> At the time the announcements noted the resemblance of the fruit to plums and mangoes, and some of the local press deliberately or naively announced that the fruit was a cross between a plum and a mango,<ref>[https://nation.com.pk/05-Apr-2015/plango-goes-on-sale Plango press announcement]</ref> which is not botanically plausible as plums and mangoes are not in the same family.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
[https://web.archive.org/web/20120210055356/http://zipcodezoo.com/Plants/B/Bouea_macrophylla.asp ''Bouea macrophylla'' taxonomy] 
[http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/004/AB777E/ab777e04.htm#bm4.3 Species with potential for commercial development] 
[http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:46:2242544988366156::NO::module,source,akzanz,rehm,akzname,taxid:mf,botnam,0,,Bouea%20macrophylla,28219 Mansfeld database] 
[https://web.archive.org/web/20120207190042/http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sea/Products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=18075 AgroForestryTree Database]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1493371}}

[[Category:Bouea|macrophylla]]
[[Category:Flora of the Andaman Islands]]
[[Category:Flora of Java]]
[[Category:Flora of Peninsular Malaysia]]
[[Category:Flora of Sumatra]]
[[Category:Flora of Thailand]]
[[Category:Fruits originating in Asia]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1841]]

Armenian churches of Tbilisi

2024-02-02T13:31:21Z

RaffiKojian: adding photos

This is the '''list of Armenian churches in Tbilisi''', the capital of [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], which was the center of the cultural life of [[Russian Armenia|Eastern Armenians]] until the early 20th century.:<ref>{{in lang|ru}} Наш Любимый Тбилиси - [http://tiflis.clan.su/index/0-7 Армянские Церкви]</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
| {{center|'''Church''' Armenian name Georgian name}}
! scope="col" class="unsortable" style="width:150px;" | Image
! Founded
! Status
! Location
|-
| '''[[Cathedral of Saint George, Tbilisi|Cathedral of Saint George]]''' Սուրբ Գևորգ եկեղեցի სურფგევორქი
| [[File:St_Gevorg,_Tbilisi_2023.jpg|150x200px|alt=Photo of St. Gevorg Cathedral]]
| 1251
| functioning as an Armenian church
| 5 Samghebro Street
|-
| '''[[Ejmiatsin Church, Tbilisi|Ejmiatsnetsots St. Gevorg]]''' Էջմիացնեցոծ Սուրբ Գևորգ ეჩმიაძინი
| [[File:Site of the Ejmiatsin Church, Tbilisi.JPG|150x200px|alt=Photo of Ejmiatsin Church]]
| 18th century
| functioning as an Armenian church
| 20 Armazi str., Avlabari district
|-
| '''[[Saint Karapet Church, Tbilisi|Saint Karapet]]''' Սուրբ Կարապետ եկեղեցի ყოვლად წმინდა (Kovlad Tsminda)
| [[File:Saint Karapet Armenian church (now Georgian).jpg|150x200px|alt=Photo of St. Karapet Church]]
| 1705
| consecrated as a Georgian Orthodox church in 1992 - 1993
| Elene Akhvlediani Rise, near Baratashvili bridge
|-
| '''[[Holy Mother of God Church of Bethlehem, Tbilisi|Holy Virgin of Bethlehem]]''' Բեթղեհեմի Սուրբ Աստվածածին եկեղեցի ზემო ბეთლემი (Zemo Betlemi)
| [[File:Zemo betlemi-tbilisi1.JPG|150x200px|alt=Photo of Bethlehem Church]]
| 1727
| consecrated as a Georgian Orthodox church in 1991
| 15 Betlemi Rise, Sololaki district
|-
| '''[[Church of Saint George, Old Tbilisi|Saint George of Karap]]''' Քարափի Սուրբ Գևորգ եկեղեցի კლდის უბნის წმინდა გიორგი (Kldis Ubnis Tsminda Giorgi)
| [[File:კლდისუბნის წმინდა გიორგის ეკლესია თბილისი.jpg|150x200px|alt=Photo of Saint George of Karap Church]]
| 1753
| consecrated as a Georgian Orthodox church in 1995
| 9 Betlemi Blind Alley, Sololaki district
|-
| '''[[Church of Vera Holy Cross|Holy Cross]]''' Վերայի Սուրբ Խաչ ելեղեցի პანტელეიმონ მკურნალი (Panteleimon Mkurnali)
|
| 1844
| consecrated as a Georgian Orthodox church in 1992
| 12 Rcheulishvili Street, Vera Armenian Cemetery
|-
| '''[[Church of Saint Stepanos of the Holy Virgins|Saint Stepanos of Kusanats]]''' Կուսանաց Սուրբ Ստեփանոս վանք ქვედა ბეთლემი (Kveda Betlemi)
|
| 1870
| consecrated as a Georgian Orthodox church in 1993
| 3 Betlemi Rise, Sololaki district
|-
| '''[[Chugureti St. Astvatsatsin]]''' Չուգուրեթի Սուրբ Աստվածածին եկեղեցի წმინდა ნინო (Tsminda Nino)
|
| 1807
| consecrated as a Georgian Orthodox church on January 26, 1991
| 32 Nino Chkheidze St., Chugureti district
|-
| '''[[Norashen Church, Tbilisi|Norashen Church]]''' Սուրբ Նորաշեն եկեղեցի ნორაშენი
|
| 1467
| closed
| 41 Kote Abkhazi (Leselidze) Street
|-
| '''[[Church of the Holy Seal, Tbilisi|Church of the Holy Seal]]''' Սուրբ Նորաշեն եկեղեցի 
|
| 1703-1711
| ruined, reconstruction planned to start since spring 2010
| Vertskhli Turn
|-
| '''[[Saint Minas Church, Tbilisi|St. Minas]]''' Սուրբ Մինաս եկեղեցի 
|
|
| closed and derelict, full of garbage inside
|
|-
| '''[[Tandoyants St. Astvatsatsin]]''' <ref>[https://eurasianet.org/georgian-orthodox-church-takes-aim-at-armenian-churches Georgian Orthodox Church takes aim at Armenian churches “There is interest in erasing any evidence of Armenians in Tbilisi.” by Neil Hauer, Bradley Jardine, Eurasianet, Nov 5, 2018]</ref>
|
|
| closed and derelict, full of garbage inside
|
|-
| '''[[Krtsanis Tsiranavor Surb Astvatsatsin]]''' 
|
| 13th century
| currently a residential building, there are 8 families, living in the church
|
|-
| '''[[Navtlukh St. Gevorg]]''' 
|
|
| currently a residential building
|
|-
| '''[[Saint Gevorg of Mughni Church, Tbilisi|Mughni Church of Saint George]]''' Մուղնո Սուրբ Գևորգ եկեղեցի წმინდა გიორგის მუღნის ეკლესია
|
| 1756
| partially ruined, reconstruction planned to start since spring 2010
| 6 Beglar Akhospireli Str.
|-
| '''[[Church of the Red Gospel, Tbilisi|Church of the Red Gospel]]''' Կարմիր Ավետարան եկեղեցի 
| [[File:The Armenian Church of the Red Gospel, Tbilisi (early 1900s).png|150x200px|alt=Photo of Karmir Vank]]
| 1775
| ruins remain
| 21 Feristsvaleba Str., Avlabari district
|-
| '''[[Dzorabash St. Gevorg]]''' 
|
|
| demolished in 1994. In 1995 the Georgian David Tsinastsarmetkveli church was built on its place
|
|-
| '''[[Armenian Cathedral of Tbilisi|Vank Cathedral]]''' 
|
| 14th century
| demolished in 1937-1938
|
|-
| '''[[Saint Sargis Church, Tbilisi|Saint Sargis Church]]''' Սուրբ Սարգիս եկեղեցի 
|
| 1737
| demolished in 1937-1938
|
|-
| '''[[Zrkinyants St. Gevorg]]''' Զրկինյանց Սուրբ Գևորգ եկեղեցի 
|
| 1717
| demolished in 1937-1938
|
|-
| '''[[Kamoyants St. Gevorg]]''' Կամոյանց Սուրբ Գևորգ 
|
| 1727 or 1788
| demolished in 1937-1938
|
|-
| '''[[Jigrashen Avetyats Church]]''' Ջիգրաշեն Ավետյաց եկեղեցի 
|
| 1624 or 1729
| demolished in 1937-1938
|
|-
| '''[[Kuky St. Astvatsatin]]''' 
|
|
| demolished in 1937-1938
|
|-
| '''[[Saint Gregory the Illuminator Church, Tbilisi|Saint Gregory the Illuminator Church]]''' Սուրբ Գրիգոր Լուսավորիչ եկեղեցի 
|
|
| demolished in 1937-1938
|
|-
| '''[[Hreshtakapetats]]''' Հրեշտակապետած 
|
|
| demolished in 1937-1938
|
|-
| '''[[Katoghike St. Astvatsatsin]]''' Կաթողիկե Սուրբ Աստվածածին եկեղեցի 
|
|
| demolished in 1937-1938
|
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Armenians in Tbilisi]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
*[http://www.ancestralstones.com/05Gallery.htm Press Releases of the Armenian Diocese in Georgia]

{{Armenian Apostolic Church}}
{{Armenian Churches}}

[[Category:Armenian Apostolic churches in Tbilisi|*]]
[[Category:Armenian churches in Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Churches in Tbilisi]]
[[Category:Oriental Orthodoxy-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of churches by city|Tbilissi]]
[[Category:Lists of religious buildings and structures in Georgia (country)]]