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Talk:Sixth Term Examination Paper

2005-08-18T18:18:51Z

Shake your Willy...: Talk:Sixth Term Examination Paper moved to Talk:Sixth Term Examination Paper on wheels!

Exactly what courses require you to pass this exam before you can take them? It says "undergraduate", but I doubt if such an exam were given in America before letting people take calculus or linear algebra, if anyone would be allowed to take them (i.e. pass). Or is the educational system set up differently in England?? [[User:Revolver|Revolver]] 18:55, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
* The purpose of STEP papers is exclusively to determine entrance to the mathematics undergraduate courses at Cambridge and Warwick universities. In Britain, a university gives an offer to students based on the attaining particular grades in their [[A-Level|A Levels]] before the exams are taken. However, Cambridge do not feel that mathematics A Levels differentiate between those of high mathematical ability enough, so they introduced STEP. STEP is supposedly based upon the same material as A Levels, it's just much harder. Some elements of calculus and linear algebra are included in [[Further Mathematics]] A-Level courses. Hope this clarifies what STEP's about. [[User:Drw25|Drw25]] 21:44, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
:Ummm...not really. The problem is, I don't know how England is set up. You have to understand, I'm reading this as an _American_. Here, "undergraduate" begins at precalculus class, and the exam I saw for "entrance" to these "undergraduate" classes is one which very few American students would pass after taking even calculus and linear algebra. So, I'm trying to figure out where on the educational ladder this is given. I have no idea what "A Levels" are, what material this covers, or how old students are when they take A Levels. Is this just for entry into advanced math programs, e.g., or what about general math (calculus, linear algebra, etc.?) Certainly, they don't give these exams to everyone who wants to take calculus. [[User:Revolver|Revolver]] 10:09, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)
:Is this just one college doing this? The article doesn't make it clear. The first paragraph, it could be construed as saying that the test is designed by one college, but used at all of them? This is further confused by the fact that it seems this one college has multiple campuses. [[User:Revolver|Revolver]] 10:12, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)
::OK. Basically, education in the UK is compulsory from 5 to 16. At the age of 16, exams called [[General Certificate of Secondary Education|GCSEs]] are taken, typically in about 10 subjects. After this, students choose to leave school or continue into [[further education]], at a further education college (quite different from the colleges of [[Oxbridge]]) or a [[sixth form]]. Further education lasts 2 years and usually involves preparing for [[A-Level|A Levels]] exams in 3 to 4 subjects, upon which university entrance requirements are based. So, at 18, students will be ready to leave education, or continue on to university, to study a [[Bachelor's degree|bacherlor's]] or [[Master's degree#United Kingdom|master's]] degree. STEP is required in addition to A Levels by [[Cambridge University]] for courses leading to a BA or MA in mathematics. The Cambridge University article should help explain their collegiate system to you.

::I have a feeling that our education system is generally less modular than that of the US. We don't do calculus or linear algebra as specific individual classes, they are taught as part of a course labelled Mathematics or [[Further Mathematics]].

::And STEP papers are quite, quite hard. Bear in mind that you only have to answer a few questions well (the preamble to the paper suggest four) to get the top grade. I doubt I'd get two out, but there's a reason why I'm going to be doing Physics at university! [[User:Drw25|Drw25]] 10:53, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

:::Thanks, that helps a bit. It sounds like A Levels are a bit more demanding than high school here (which is almost awarded for attendance alone). Part of the confusion sounds like the BA/MA programs there really are BA/MA programs, in the sense that they assume you have the requirements. Here, it's not unusual for _college_ students to take high school level or remedial courses _in college_. And STEP does sound like a weeding out process for a single university, then, which makes more sense. What opportunities are there beyond Oxford/Cambridge? Here, there really are no formal requirements for ANY major, you can just jump into it headfirst out of high school (you may only last a year or so, but you can try anything). The English system sounds like it makes people decide much earlier what they want to do. [[User:Revolver|Revolver]] 19:12, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

::::Yes, the english system of education does force you to narrow your focus quite early on. The first choice is given at age 14, when you select GCSEs. At my school, English, Maths and Science were compulsory (each worth two GCSEs), we had to choose one language, one creative course (design, technology, music, art, drama etc.), one humanity (RE, Geography, History) and then one final choice from anywhere. Most schools here are probably similar. At 16, if we choose to stay in education, we round down to any 4-5 subjects we like for 1 year, which we call AS-Levels, and then drop one of those for another year to gain A-Levels (or A2-Levels, as they are now technically called). Then after this you choose just one subject to study at University level (although it's often possible to do external modules from other subjects, especially in the sciences). Having achived an undergraduate degree (Batchelors or Masters), one can go on to study a postgradute Masters or a Doctorate.

:::::As a fairly unimportant side note -- English and Maths are normally a single GCSE (although some students take a second English one as English Language). Science is normally two combined GCSEs, although some people take each science (Biology, Physics and Chemistry) seperatly, for a total of three GCSEs, and some people take Science as a single GCSE. --[[User:Meand|me_and]] 29 June 2005 20:11 (UTC)

::::::That is incorrect. The government requires two English GCSEs (Language and Literature), a Maths GCSE, and "balanced science" (equal amounts of Biology, Chemistry and Physics). People take between one to three awards in science. They also typically take 4 other subjects if they are taking "single science", or 3 others if they are taking "double" or "seperate" sciences. I suspect small secondary schools still have stricter selections. The ability to drop languages at 14 alarms me, as does the ability to take soft subjects like "Business Studies" or "Economics" at that age. But, well, I'm drifting off-topic now, and it's all behind me. [[User:R3m0t|r3m0t]] [[User talk:R3m0t|talk]] 13:21, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

----

Further to this discussion above, I've found this in a booklet (if 91 pages constitutes a booklet...) called "Advanced Problems in Mathematics" by STC Siklos (the STEP co-ordinator):

"'''''What is STEP?''' STEP is an examination administered by the Oxford and Cambridge Examinations and Assessment Council. Most candidates have applied to read mathematics at Cambridge and have received the offer of a place conditional on STEP results. Nevertheless, anyone ''can'' enter and it is my view that good mathematicians ''should'' enter. STEP should be regarded as a challenge in the same spirit as the national mathematics competitions and olympiads which are so popular. However, STEP provides a very different sort of challenge from these competitions, since it concentrates on in-depth problems in mainstream (eg. A-Level) mathematics.''" [[User:Drw25|Drw25]] 14:15, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

:I'd debate the "good mathematicians ''should'' enter" part, although I know it's not (necessarily) your own opinion, as there are also the [[Advanced Extension Award]]s for more able students, which have the added advantage of being universal across most subjects, rather than being exclusive to Maths.
::AEA shouldn't really be compared to STEP. The questions are easier, and focused completely on the Pure content of the course. Indeed, STEP for all subjects used to be available until quite recently. I concur that it is an option for someone looking to take some extra exams.

:::I don't think there were STEP examinations in subjects beyond the ones listed in the article(mathematics,chemistry,biology),though '''S-Level''' [[General Certificate of Education]] was available until recently for students seeking something more challenging than the A-levels.Just why S-levels were abandoned amid calls for something offering exactly that I have never understood.The article might also be enriched by mention of [[Cambridge International Examinations]] to show that the STEP is part of a comprehensive examination program from Cambridge.--Louis E./le@put.com/[[User:12.144.5.2|12.144.5.2]] 21:01, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

Robin Weirauch

2005-08-18T18:18:48Z

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'''Robin Weirauch''' is an [[United States of America|American]] politician of the [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] party who is the party's 2004 nominee to challenge incumbent [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Rep.]] [[Paul Gillmor|Paul E. Gillmor]].

See also:
*[[Election Results, U.S. Representative from Ohio, 5th District]]

{{US-politician-stub}}

Sixth Term Examination Paper

2005-08-18T18:18:48Z

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'''Sixth Term Examination Papers''' in [[Mathematics]], often referred to as '''STEP''' (or redundantly as '''STEP papers'''), are [[examination]]s set by the [[University of Cambridge]] in [[England]] to assess applicants for its [[undergraduate]] mathematics course. The [[University of Warwick]] also uses STEP papers in its admissions process, but their STEP exams are overseen by Cambridge. Students are entered for STEP through the [[OCR (examination board)|OCR]] [[exam board]].

Results from STEP papers are used to supplement candidates' existing exam results, which are often claimed to be insufficient to distinguish between the very brightest applicants. Each year, roughly 300 people in the UK may take STEP to attempt entry to Cambridge University; many more may enter for the purpose of entering Warwick.

All but one of the Cambridge colleges require candidates to achieve good STEP grades before accepting them onto the maths course. The notable exception is [[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]], which does not demand STEP, and is consequently one of the most popular colleges for mathematics applicants. Mathematics applicants who compete in the [[International Mathematical Olympiad]] are often excused from taking STEP.

Three STEP Maths papers are set each year, and candidates may take a maximum of 2 of these, depending on how much mathematics they have studied at school. STEP papers were originally available for other subjects, such as [[chemistry]] and [[biology]], but the mathematics STEP paper is the only one still in use. STEP Maths grades are also occasionally required for other courses, such as [[computer science]] and [[engineering]].

==Grading==

There are five possible grades which may currently be awarded on STEP. From best to least, these range 'S' (Outstanding), '1', '2', '3', and U (Ungraded). The 'rule of thumb' is such that four good answers (to a reasonable level of completion) will gain a grade 1; more may gain an S, and less will gain a correspondingly lower grade. However, the grade boundaries shift dramatically from year to year - and the boundaries for STEP III are generally a small but appreciable margin lower. Questions are marked out of 20, and are classified as 'alpha' or 'beta' type answers, dependant on the level of completion. Only the best six answers provided by the examinee will be marked, and hence students are advised to allow 45 minutes to complete a single question. Little to no credit is given for fragments of answers.

==External link==
*[http://www.maths.cam.ac.uk/undergrad/admissionsinfo/steppaper/text/text.html Sample STEP paper]

[[Category:Mathematics education]]

Talk:Buddhist flag

2005-08-18T18:18:42Z

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Tapi River

2005-08-18T18:18:39Z

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There are two [[river]]s named '''Tapi'''
*[[Tapti River]] (also often spelled Tapi), in the state of [[Gujarat]], [[India]], entering the sea at [[Surat]]
*[[Tapi River, Thailand]] (Thai: ตาปี, also sometimes spelled Tapee), in the [[Surat Thani Province]], [[southern Thailand|Southern]] [[Thailand]]
actually the second one was named after the first one

{{disambig}}

Buddhist flag

2005-08-18T18:18:31Z

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[[Image:Buddhist flag.jpeg|thumb|right| Buddhist flag]]
The '''Buddhist flag''' is a flag designed to symbolise [[Buddhism]]. It was in designed in [[1880]] by Colonel [[Henry Steele Olcott]], an American journalist. It was first hoisted in 1885 in [[Sri Lanka]] and is a symbol of faith and peace.

The five colours of the flag represent the colours of the aura that emanated from the body of the Buddha when he attained Enlightenment:

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
! colspan="1" bgcolor="#0099FF" align="left"| '''Blue: Loving kindness, peace and universal compassion'''
|-
! colspan="1" bgcolor="#FFFF00" align="left"| '''Yellow: The Middle Path - avoiding extremes, emptiness'''
|-
! colspan="1" bgcolor="#FF0000" align="left"| '''Red: The blessings of practice - achievement, wisdom, virtue, fortune and dignity'''
|-
! colspan="1" align="left"| '''White: The purity of Dharma - leading to liberation, outside of time or space'''
|-
! colspan="1" bgcolor="#FF6600" align="left"| '''Orange: The Buddha's teachings - wisdom'''
|-
|}

== External links ==
*[http://buddhism.kalachakranet.org/general_symbols_buddhism.html General Buddhist symbols]

{{buddhism2}}

{{flag-stub}}

Ashby, Northamptonshire

2005-08-18T18:18:31Z

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The [[England|English]] county of [[Northamptonshire]] has several places within its boundaries with '''Ashby''' as part of their name; these include:

* [[Ashby St Ledgers]]
* [[Canons Ashby]]
* [[Castle Ashby]]
* [[Cold Ashby]]
* [[Mears Ashby]]

{{disambig}}

Roy Brown

2005-08-18T18:18:29Z

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There have been a number of notable people named '''Roy Brown''':

*[[Roy Brown (pilot)|Roy Brown]], the [[Canada|Canadian]] pilot who is credited with shooting down the [[Red Baron]]
*[[Roy Brown (blues musician)|Roy Brown]] (1925–81), a blues musician who was a pioneer of rock and roll
*[[Roy Brown (Puerto Rican musician)|Roy Brown]] (b. 1950), a Puerto Rican musician
*[[Roy Brown (clown)|Roy Brown]], a famous [[clown]] most famous for his role as sidekick "Cookie the Clown" on [[Bob Bell]]'s "The [[Bozo the Clown|Bozo]] Show"
*[[Roy 'Chubby' Brown]], a [[Great Britain|British]] comedian
*[[Roy Brown (Alberta politician)|Roy Brown]] Alberta politician
{{disambig}}

Nethaneel

2005-08-18T18:18:25Z

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{{eastons}}

'''Nethaneel''' - '''נתנאל''' "Gift of/is [[Elohim|God]]", [[Standard Hebrew]] '''Nətanʾel''', [[Tiberian Hebrew]] '''Nəṯanʾēl'''

# The son of Zuar, chief of the [[tribe of Issachar]] at the [[Exodus]] (Num. 1:8; 2:5).
# One of David's brothers (1 Chr. 2:14).
# A priest who blew the trumpet before the ark when it was brought up to [[Jerusalem]] (1 Chr. 15:24).
# A [[Levite]] (1 Chr. 24:6).
# A temple porter, of the family of the [[Korhites]] (1 Chr. 26:4).
# One of the "princes" appointed by [[Jehoshaphat]] to teach the law through the cities of Judah (2 Chr. 17:7).
# A chief Levite in the time of [[Josiah]] (2 Chr. 35:9).
# [[Ezra]] 10:22.
# Neh. 12:21.
# A priest's son who bore a trumpet at the dedication of the walls of Jerusalem (Neh. 12:36).

The [[Midrash]] lists Nethaneel as one of the several names of [[Moses]].

[[Category:Torah people]]
[[Category:Hebrew Bible/Tanakh people]]

Strzyżów County

2005-08-18T18:18:24Z

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'''Strzyżów County''' (in [[Polish_language|Polish]] ''powiat strzyżowski'' ) is a unit of territorial administration and local government in the [[Subcarpathian Voivodship]] in [[Poland]], created on [[1st January]] [[1999]] as a result of the Local Government Reorganization Act of [[1998]].
[[Image:Strzyzow county PL.png|frame|right|Strzyzow County]]
==Communes==
Administrative division: 5 [[Commune_(subdivision)|communes]]

* [[Czudec commune|Czudec]] ''rural commune''
* [[Frysztak commune|Frysztak]] ''rural commune''
* [[Niebylec commune|Niebylec]] ''rural commune''
* [[Strzyżów commune|Strzyżów]] ''urban-rural commune''
* [[Wiśniowa commune|Wiśniowa]] ''rural commune''

==Statistics==

County site: [[Strzyżów]]

Area: 503 [[Square_kilometer|km²]]

Population: 62 400

[[Category:Land counties of Poland]]
[[de:Powiat Strzyżowski]]
[[pl:Powiat strzyżowski]]

Basic

2005-08-18T18:18:21Z

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{{disambig}}
The word '''''basic''''' may refer to several things:

*[[Basic English]]
*[[BASIC programming language]]
*[[Base (chemistry)|Basic (chemistry)]], the opposite to acidic, reacting with acids to form salts. (See [[Alkali]])
*[[Basic (cigarettes)]], owned by the [[Altria Group|Philip Morris Company]].
*[[Mafic|Basic (geology)]], of rock: containing less than 52% of silica.
*[[Basic (movie)]], 2003 film starring [[John Travolta]] and [[Samuel L. Jackson]].
*[[Basic (dance move)]], the name of the basic [[dance step]] in many [[dance]]s.
**[[Lindy Basic (dance move)|Lindy Basic]], in [[Lindy Hop]].
*[[Basic (Star Wars)|Galactic Basic]], the common interstallar language in the ''[[Star Wars]]'' universe.
*Basic is also used as the name for whatever common tounge is usually used between species in many science fiction works.

Maciej Płażyński

2005-08-18T18:18:18Z

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'''Maciej Płażyński''' (born [[February 10]], [[1958]] in [[Młynary]]) is a [[Poland|Polish]] [[Conservative liberalism|conservative-liberal]] politician.

Płażyński began his political career in [[1980]] / [[1981]] as one of the leaders of the [[Students' Solidarity]]; he was governor of the [[Gdańsk Voivodship]] from [[August]] [[1990]] to [[July]] [[1996]], and was elected to the [[Sejm]] (the lower house of the Polish parliament) in [[September]] [[1997]]. From 1997 to [[2001]], he also held the office of marshal of the [[Sejm]], after being elected without a single vote against him.

In [[January]] 2001, he founded the political party [[Platforma Obywatelska]] together with [[Donald Tusk]] and [[Andrzej Olechowski]].
He left [[Platforma Obywatelska]] due to personal reasons and is now an independent MP.

Maciej Plazynski is married to Elzbieta Płażyńska and has three children, Jakub, Katarzyna and Kacper.

== External links ==

* [http://www.plazynski.pl/ Homepage]

{{Sejm Marshals5}}

[[Category:1958 births|Plazynski, Maciej]]
[[Category:Sejm Marshals|Plazynski, Maciej]]

Leonel Vieira

2005-08-18T18:18:14Z

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{{film director stub}}

'''Leonel Vieira''' is a [[Portuguese]] [[film director]] born in [[1969]].

[[Category:1969 births|Vieira, Leonel]]
[[Category:Portuguese film directors|Vieira, Leonel]]

Talk:Kerry Packer

2005-08-18T18:18:14Z

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Was he ever married?

Yes, he is married with two children. When I get more time I should add information to the article about this and other things (his dealings with [[Brian Ray]], and the [[Costigan Report]] saga, for example). --[[User:Rolanddeschain|Roland Deschain]] 10:07, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Kerry Packer

2005-08-18T18:18:07Z

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[[Image:kerry_packer.png|frame|Kerry Packer]]

'''Kerry Francis Bullmore Packer''' (born [[17 December]] [[1937]]) is an [[Australian]] publishing, media and gaming tycoon. In [[2004]] [[Business Review Weekly]] magazine estimated Packer's net worth at AU$6500 million ($6.5 billion), an increase of $1 billion on the previous year. Packer is currently believed to be [[Australia]]'s richest man and one of the most influential.

Packer is the major shareholder in [[Publishing and Broadcasting Limited]] (PBL), which owns the [[Nine network|Nine television network]] and [[Australian Consolidated Press]], which produces many of Australia's top-selling [[magazine]]s. He is involved in a number of other gambling and tourism ventures, notably the [[Crown Casino]] in [[Melbourne]].

The Packer family has long been involved in media, Packer's grandfather was an influential publisher, his father, Sir [[Frank Packer]] was one of Australia's first media moguls, and his son, [[James Packer]], is Executive Chairman of PBL. He was not originally destined for the role, but in the early 1970s Kerry took the place of the designated successor, his older brother, the late [[Clyde Packer]], after Clyde fell out with their father, quit PBL and moved to America. Kerry took over the running of PBL in [[1974]], on the death of his father.

Outside Australia, Packer is best known for founding [[World Series Cricket]], which in [[1977]] led to a confrontation with the [[cricket (sport)|cricket]] authorities, as top players from several countries rushed to join him at the expense of their international sides. One of the leaders of the "rebellion" was England captain, [[Tony Greig]]. Packer's aim was to secure broadcasting rights for Australian cricket, and his ploy was largely successful.

Packer is widely respected in business circles, courted by politicians on both sides, and there is no doubt that he is one of the most astute businessmen of his time, despite the fact that he was a poor student. His primary schooling suffered greatly when he was stricken with a severe bout of [[polio myelitis]] at age eight, and he was confined to an [[iron lung]] for nine months. His father apparently thought little of his son's abilities, once cruelly describing him as "the family idiot", yet Kerry has steered PBL to heights far beyond anything his father or brother achieved. In 1987 he made a fortune at the expense of disgraced tycoon [[Alan Bond]], cannily selling Bond the Nine Network at the record price of AU$1 billion in 1987, and then buying it back three years later for a mere AU$250 million, when Bond's empire was collapsing; Packer was then able to re-invest the proceeds in a 25% share in the [[Foxtel]] [[pay TV]] consortium.

However, the bellicose and emphatically conservative Packer has long been a ''bete noire'' for the political left. One early and unflattering appearance in the Sydney media (recounted by [[Richard Neville]]) was in 1962, when his father was trying to take over a small publishing concern, the [[Anglican Press]], run by maverick journalist [[Francis James]]. Angered by James' refusal to sell, Sir Frank sent the burly Kerry (and several friends) over to the Anglican Press offices to "rough up" James and pressure him into selling. They forced their way in and began vandalising the premises, but according to Neville, James was able to barricade himself in his office and call his friend [[Rupert Murdoch]], Packer's rival. Murdoch quickly despatched his own team of 'heavies', who saw Kerry and friends off the premises and ejected them unceremoniously onto the street. Not surprisingly, next day the Murdoch press had a field day with the news that the son of Australia's biggest media tycoon had been caught brawling in the street.

Like Murdoch, Packer's critics see his ever-expanding cross-media holdings as a potential threat to media diversity and freedom of speech. He has also repeatedly come under fire for his companies' alleged involvement in tax minimisation schemes and for the extremely low amounts of company tax that his corporations are reported to have paid over the years. He has fought (and usually won) repeated battles with the [[Australian Taxation Office]] over his corporate taxes. The [[Ben Elton]] book ''Stark'' has a character, Stark, who is believed to be based on Packer. The story accused him of gaining his wealth through [[asset stripping]].

Packer is known to sometimes take a direct interest in the editorial content of his papers, although he is far less interventionist than the notoriously hands-on Murdoch. Packer also occasionally interferes directly in the programming of his TV stations, and during the early 1990s he famously called his Sydney station, [[TCN-9]] and ordered that the ''Naughtiest Home Videos'' program hosted by Doug Mulray be taken off air, because he objected to the content.

Packer is a keen [[polo]] player, was a longtime chain smoker, and remains an avid gambler, fabled for his titanic wins and losses. In 1999 it was reported that a three-week losing streak at London casinos cost him almost AU$28 million dollars -- described at the time as the biggest reported gambling loss in British history. The same report stated that he had once won AU$33 million at the [[MGM Grand Casino]] in [[Las Vegas]] and that he often won as much as AU$7 million each year during his annual holidays in the UK. Packer is also known for his sometimes volcanic temper, and for his perennial contempt for the media and for journalists.

Partly because of his apparent hard drinking and smoking, Packer's health has long been a problem. He has reportedly suffered eight heart attacks, and in 1990 he suffered a massive attack while playing polo in Sydney, and was clinically dead for six minutes before he could be revived. After recovering, Packer donated a large sum to the [[NSW Ambulance Service]] to pay for equipping all NSW ambulances with a portable [[defibrillator]]. He has also suffered from a chronic [[kidney]] condition for many years, and in 2000 he made headlines when his long-serving [[helicopter]] pilot, Nick Ross, donated one of his own kidneys to Packer for transplantation.



==External links==
* [http://www.pbl.com.au Publishing and Broadcasting Limited]
* [http://www.mediaman.com.au/articles/packer1.html Kerry Packer - Media Man Australia profile]
* [http://www.nine.com.au Nine Network]
* [http://www.ninemsn.com.au Nine MSN]

[[Category:1937 births|Packer, Kerry]]
[[Category:Forbes World's Richest People|Packer, Kerry]]
[[Category:Mass media owners|Packer, Kerry]]
[[Category:Australian businesspeople|Packer, Kerry]]
[[Category:Magazine publishers|Packer, Kerry]]
[[Category:Polo players|Packer, Kerry]]

Herman Brusselmans

2005-08-18T18:18:06Z

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'''Herman Brusselmans''' (born [[october 9th]] [[1957]] in [[Hamme]], [[Belgium]]) is a Flemish novelist and poet.

== Partial Bibliography ==
*1982 ''Het zinneloze zeilen'' (stories)
*1984 ''Prachtige ogen'' (novel)
*1985 ''De man die werk vond'' (novel)
*1986 ''Heden ben ik nuchter'' (novel)
*1987 ''Zijn er kanalen in Aalst?'' (novel)
*1988 ''De Geschiedenis van de Vlaamse Letterkunde.''
*1988 ''Iedere zondag sterven en doodgaan in de week'' (short novel)
*1989 ''Dagboek van een vermoeide egoïst'' (novel)
*1989 ''De Canadese muur'' (play), samen met [[Tom Lanoye]]
*1989 ''De Geschiedenis van de Wereldliteratuur'' (columns)
*1990 ''Vlucht voor mij'' (novel)
*1991 ''Ex-schrijver'' (novel)
*1992 ''Het mooie kotsende meisje'' (stories)
*1993 ''Ex-minnaar'' (novel)
*1994 ''Ex-drummer'' (novel)
*1994 ''Het oude nieuws van deze tijden'' (novel)
*1995 ''De terugkeer van Bonanza'' (novel)
*1995 ''Vrouwen met een IQ'' (novel)
*1996 ''Autobiografie van iemand anders'' (novel)
*1996 ''Guggenheimer wast witter'' (novel)
*1997 ''Meisjes hebben grotere borsten dan jongens.'' (children's poetry)
*1997 ''Zul je mij altijd graag zien?'' (autobiography)
*1997 ''Logica voor idioten'' (semi-autobiographical novel)
*1998 ''Bloemen op mijn graf'' (collection of stories, columns, poetry, etc.)
*1998 ''Nog drie keer slapen en ik word wakker'' (novel)
*1999 ''Het einde van mensen in 1967'' (stories)
*1999 ''Uitgeverij Guggenheimer'' (novel)
*2000 ''Vergeef mij de liefde'' (novel)
*2000 ''De koffer'' (comic book)
*2001 ''Pitface'' (novel)
*2002 ''De Kus in de Nacht'' (novel)
*2002 ''Mank'' (novel)
*2003 ''De Droogte'' (novel)
*2004 ''Ik ben rijk en beroemd en heb nekpijn'' (novel)
*2004 ''In de knoei'' (novel)
*2004 ''Heilige schrik'' (Collection of columns published in [[Humo]])

{{writer-stub}}

[[Category:1957 births|Brusselmans, Herman]]
[[Category:Novelists|Brusselmans, Herman]]
[[Category:Poets|Brusselmans, Herman]]
[[Category:Belgian writers|Bruselmans, Herman]]

[[nl:Herman Brusselmans]]

Kohler Range

2005-08-18T18:18:03Z

Shake your Willy...: Kohler Range moved to Kohler Range on wheels!

'''Kohler Range''' ({{coor dm|75|05|S|114|15|W|}}) is a [[mountain range]] about 64 km (40 mi) long standing between the base of [[Martin Peninsula]] and [[Smith Glacier]] in [[Marie Byrd Land]] of [[Antarctica]]. The range consists of two ice-covered plateaus punctuated by several rock peaks and bluffs. The plateaus are oriented E-W and are separated by [[Kohler Glacier]], a distributary which flows north from [[Smith Glacier]].

Discovered from a distance on [[February 24]], [[1940]] by Rear Admiral [[Richard E. Byrd|Byrd]] and other members of the USAS in an airplane flight from the ship ''Bear''. Named by Byrd for Walter J. Kohler, manufacturer and former governor of [[Wisconsin]], who was one of the supporters of the ByrdAE, 1933-35, and who helped furnish the seaplane from which the discovery was made.

[[Category:Mountain ranges of Antarctica]]

Limbourg brothers

2005-08-18T18:18:00Z

Shake your Willy...: Limbourg brothers moved to Limbourg brothers on wheels!

[[Image:Limbourg August.jpg|right|thumb|200px|''[[Très riches heures du Duc de Berry]]: Aout (August)'' (1412-16) Illumination on vellum, 22,5 x 13,6 cm]]

The '''Limbourg Brothers''', or in Dutch ''Gebroeders Van Limburg'' (Paul, Herman and Jannequin), were famous Dutch medieval painters from the city of [[Nijmegen]]. They were active in the late [[14th century|14th]] and early [[15th century|15th centuries]].

They are known for the illuminated manuscript [[Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry]].

{{artist-stub}}

Zoetrope All-Story (literary journal)

2005-08-18T18:17:59Z

Shake your Willy...: Zoetrope All-Story (literary journal) moved to Zoetrope All-Story (literary journal) on wheels!

'''Zoetrope All-Story''' is an [[American]] [[literary journal]] founded by [[Francis Ford Coppola]] in [[1997]]. It is published quarterly.

{{Lit-stub}}

Francisco de Moraes

2005-08-18T18:17:57Z

Shake your Willy...: Francisco de Moraes moved to Francisco de Moraes on wheels!

'''Francisco de Moraes''' ([[1500]]? - [[1572]]) was a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[author]] and [[writer]].

{{writer-stub}}
{{portugal-stub}}

[[Category:1500 births|Moraes, Francisco de]]
[[Category:1572 deaths|Moraes, Francisco de]]
[[Category:Portuguese writers|Moras, Fancisco de]]

Frank Wisner

2005-08-18T18:17:54Z

Shake your Willy...: Frank Wisner moved to Frank Wisner on wheels!

'''Frank Wisner''' was the director of the [[Office of Special Projects]] of the [[Central Intelligence Agency]].

Wisner was born in [[Laurel, Mississippi]], in [[1910]]. He was educated at Woodberry Forest School in Orange and the [[University of Virginia]]. After graduating Wisner worked as a [[Wall Street]] [[lawyer]]. However, he soon became bored and enlisted in the [[United States Navy]]. He worked in the Navy's censor's office before managing to get a transfer to the [[Office of Strategic Services]] (OSS). [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKwisner.htm]

In [[1948]] the [[CIA]] created a covert action wing, innocuously called the [[Office of Policy Coordination]]. Frank Wisner, then a [[Wall Street]] lawyer is put in charge of the operation. According to its secret charter, its responsibilities include "[[propaganda]], economic warfare, preventive direct action, including sabotage, antisabotage, demolition and evacuation procedures; subversion against hostile states, including assistance to underground resistance groups, and support of indigenous [[anti-communist]] elements in threatened countries of the free world." [http://www.huppi.com/kangaroo/CIAtimeline.html]

Later that year Wisner established [[Operation Mockingbird]], a program to influence the domestic and foreign [[media]].

Frank Wisner committed [[suicide]] using one of his son's shotguns on [[October 29]], [[1965]].

==External links==
* [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKwisner.htm Spartacus Biography]

{{US-bio-stub}}

[[Category:1910 births|Wisner, Frank]]
[[Category:1965 deaths|Wisner, Frank]]

Kazimierz Bartel

2005-08-18T18:17:52Z

Shake your Willy...: Kazimierz Bartel moved to Kazimierz Bartel on wheels!

'''Kazimierz Bartel''' ([[1882]]-[[1941]]), was a Polish mathematician and politician; [[List of Polish Prime Ministers|Prime Minister of Poland]],1926-1930.

He was born in [[Lemberg]] (Lwów, in Polish) [[March 3]], [[1882]]. After completing secondary school he studied at the [[Lviv Polytechnic|Lwów Polytechnic]] in the Mechanical Engineering Department. He graduated in [[1907]] and soon became an assistant in Descriptive Geometry. By [[1914]] he was a professor at his alma mater.

Conscripted into the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] army during [[World War I]], in [[1918]] he returned to [[L'viv|Lwów]]. In [[1919]], as commander of railway troops, he fought in the defense of [[L'viv|Lwów]] against the Ukrainian [[siege]].

Appointed minister of railways in [[1919]], in [[1922]]-[[1930]] he was a member of [[Poland]]'s ''[[Sejm]]'' (parliament). After [[Jozef Pilsudski|Józef Piłsudski]]'s [[May coup d'etat]] ([[1926]]) he became prime minister and held this post for four years. In [[1930]] he gave up politics and returned to academia. In [[1930]] he became rector of the Lwów Polytechnic and was soon awarded an honorary doctorate and membership in the Polish Mathematical Association.

In this period he published his most important writings, among them a series of lectures on perspective in European painting throughout the ages. In [[1937]] he was appointed a senator of Poland and held this post until the war broke out.

After the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] occupation he was allowed to continue giving lectures at the, now renamed, [[Lviv Polytechnic|Lvov Polytechnical Institute]]. In [[1940]] he was appointed to [[Moscow]] and offered a seat in the Soviet parliament. He refused and returned to [[Lvov]].

Soon after the [[Operation Barbarossa|German invasion of the Soviet Union]], on [[June 30]] [[1941]] the [[Wehrmacht]] entered [[Lvov]]. Kazimierz Bartel was arrested two days later and imprisoned in [[Gestapo]] prison. He was offered to create a Polish puppet government. He refused and, by order of [[Heinrich Himmler]], was shot on [[July 26]], [[1941]], shortly after the [[massacre of Lwów professors|mass murder of his colleagues]] ended. His place of burial remains unknown.

{{start box}}
{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Poland]]|before=[[Wincenty Witos]]|after=[[Józef Pilsudski|Józef Piłsudski]]|years=1926}}
{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Poland]]|before=[[Józef Pilsudski|Józef Piłsudski]]|after=[[Kazimierz Switalski|Kazimierz Świtalski]]|years=1928–1929}}
{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Poland]]|before=[[Kazimierz Switalski|Kazimierz Świtalski]]|after=[[Walery Slawek|Walery Sławek]]|years=1929–1930}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:1882 births|Bartel, Kazimierz]]
[[Category:1941 deaths|Bartel, Kazimierz]]
[[Category:Polish mathematicians|Bartel, Kazimierz]]
[[Category:Polish politicians|Bartel, Kazimierz]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Poland|Bartel, Kazimierz]]
[[Category:Recipients of Virtuti Militari|Bartel]]
[[Category:Holocaust victims|Bartel, Kazimierz]]
[[pl:Kazimierz Bartel]]

Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan

2005-08-18T18:17:49Z

Shake your Willy...: Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan moved to Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan on wheels!

The '''Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan''' is a [[Christian]] [[pseudepigraphy|pseudepigraphical]] work found in [[Ge'ez language|Ethiopic]] and [[Arabic language|Arabic]], from the 5th century CE at the earliest.

It was first translated from the Ethiopian version into German by Dillman, "Das christliche Adambuch" (Göttingen, 1853) translated into English by S. C. Malan as ''The Book of Adam and Eve, also called The Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan'', 1882 London, Williams and Norgate, ISBN 0766145999.

About half of Malan's translation is included as the "First Book of Adam and Eve" and the "Second Book of Adam and Eve" in the anthology ''The Forgotten Books of Eden'' (Alpha House, 1927), a volume many times reissued on its own (ISBN 051730886X, ISBN 1564596362, ISBN 0529033852) and combined with ''The Lost Books of Eden'' as ''The Lost Books of the Bible and the Forgotten Books of Eden'' (ISBN 0452009448, ISBN 1881316637, ISBN 9995244381).

The work begins immediately after the expulsion from the [[Garden of Eden]] and ends with the testament and translation of [[Enoch]].

Great emphasis on Adam's sorrow and helplessness in the [[world]] outside the [[garden]]. The Sons of God who appear in [[Genesis]] are identified as the children of [[Seth]] and the Daughters of Men as women descended from [[Cain]] who successfully tempt most of the Sethites under the instigation of Genum son of [[Lamech]], this Genum seemingly a conflation of the Biblical [[Jubal]] and [[Tubal-Cain]].

For other pseudepigraphical books on Adam and Eve see [[Life of Adam and Eve]], [[Apocalypse of Adam]] and [[Testament of Adam]].

==External links==

The ''First Book of Adam and Eve'' and the ''Second Book of Adam and Eve'', Malan's translation as modernized by Dennis Hawkins:

* From Project Gutenberg: [http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/398 First Book]
* From Blackmask: [http://www.blackmask.com/books46c/firstadamdex.htm First Book] and [http://www.blackmask.com/books46c/secondbookadamdex.htm Second Book]
* From Dubjockey: [http://www.dubjockey.co.uk/adamandeve1-10.html First Book] and [http://www.dubjockey.co.uk/secondadamandeve1-12.html Second Book]

Earl of Ulster

2005-08-18T18:17:47Z

Shake your Willy...: Earl of Ulster moved to Earl of Ulster on wheels!

The title of '''Earl of Ulster''' has been created several times in the [[Peerage]]s of [[Peerage of Ireland|Ireland]] and the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]. Currently, the title is a subsidiary title of the [[Duke of Gloucester]], and is used as a courtesy title by the Duke's son, [[Alexander Windsor, Earl of Ulster]].

==Earls of Ulster, Peerage of Ireland, First Creation ([[1205]])==
*[[Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster]] ([[1176]]-[[1243]])

==Earls of Ulster, Peerage of Ireland, Second Creation ([[1264]])==
*[[Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster]] (d.[[1271]])
*[[Richard Og de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster]] ([[1259]]-[[1326]])
*[[William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster]] ([[1312]]-[[1333]])
*[[Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster|Elizabeth de Burgh, Duchess of Clarence, 4th Countess of Ulster]] (d.[[1363]])
**m. [[Lionel of Antwerp|Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, ''jure uxoris'' Earl of Ulster]] ([[1338]]-[[1368]])
*[[Philippa Plantagenet|Philippa Plantagenet, Countess of March, 5th Countess of Ulster]] ([[1355]]-[[1382]])
**m. [[Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March|Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, ''jure uxoris'' Earl of Ulster]] ([[1352]]-[[1381]])
*[[Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March|Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March and 6th Earl of Ulster]] ([[1374]]-[[1398]])
*[[Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March|Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March and 7th Earl of Ulster]] ([[1391]]-[[1425]])
*[[Richard, Duke of York|Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, 8th Earl of Ulster]] ([[1412]]-[[1460]])
*[[Edward IV of England|Edward Plantagenet, 4th Duke of York, 9th Earl of Ulster]] ([[1442]]-[[1483]]), merged in crown [[1461]]

==Earls of Ulster, Peerage of Ireland, Third Creation ([[1659]])==
*[[James II of England|James Stuart, Duke of York and Albany]] ([[1633]]-[[1701]]), merged in crown [[1685]]

==Earls of Ulster, Peerage of Ireland, Fourth Creation ([[1716]])==
*[[Ernest Augustus of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duke of York and Albany]] ([[1674]]-[[1728]])

==Earls of Ulster, Peerage of Ireland, Fifth Creation ([[1760]])==
*[[Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of York and Albany]] ([[1739]]-[[1767]])

==Earls of Ulster, Peerage of Ireland, Sixth Creation ([[1784]])==
*[[Prince Frederick, Duke of York]] ([[1763]]-[[1827]])

==Earls of Ulster, Peerage of the United Kingdom, First Creation ([[1866]])==
*[[Alfred of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh]] ([[1844]]-[[1900]])

==Earls of Ulster, Peerage of the United Kingdom, Second Creation ([[1928]])==
*[[Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester]] ([[1900]]-[[1974]])
*[[Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester]] (b.[[1944]])

Maracanã Stadium

2005-08-18T18:17:44Z

Shake your Willy...: Maracanã moved to Maracanã on wheels!

[[Image:Maracanã.jpg|thumb|Maracanã]]
[[Image:Football match at Maracanã.jpg|thumb|[[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]] v [[Clube de Regatas Vasco da Gama|Vasco]] match]]

The '''Maracanã''' stadium (official name: '''Estádio Mário Filho''', Maracanã being its neighborhood's name) in [[Rio de Janeiro]] ([[Brazil]]) is one of the [[List of football stadiums by capacity|biggest]] [[football (soccer)|football]] [[stadium]]s in the world, and it is home of the four biggest football teams of Rio: [[Clube de Regatas do Flamengo|Flamengo]], [[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]], [[Clube de Regatas Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]] and [[Fluminense Football Club|Fluminense]].

These four clubs are part of the twelve biggest Brazilian football clubs.

The stadium, built for the {{Wc|1950}}, originally had a capacity of 200,000. However, its capacity was greatly reduced when it was converted to an all-seater in the [[1990s]]; it can currently hold around 70,000 seated and 120,000 with standing room. It is now undergoing renovations that will increase its all-seated capacity to around 100,000.

==External links==
*[http://www.templosdofutebol.hpg.ig.com.br/rj/Rio1.htm Maracanã]
*[http://www.suderj.rj.gov.br/maracana/main.asp Official site of Maracanã]

[[Category:Rio de Janeiro]]
[[Category:Brazilian football grounds]]
[[Category:FIFA World Cup stadiums]]

[[de:Maracanã-Stadion]]
[[es:Estadio Maracaná]]
[[nl:Maracanã]]
[[ja:マラカナン・スタジアム]]
[[nb:Maracanã]]
[[pl:Maracanã]]
[[pt:Maracanã (estádio)]]
[[fi:Maracanã]]

Talk:Haleakalā National Park

2005-08-18T18:17:42Z

Shake your Willy...: Talk:Haleakala National Park moved to Talk:Haleakala National Park on wheels!

I have no idea how to link to the Nene article because I can't figure out what characters were used to title it. It would be great if somebody could fix that.

== Kipahulu ==

''The second section of the park is the Kipahulu section. Visitors cannot get to this section from the summit area; they must take a winding coastal road that travels around the windward coast of the island.''

:This is not entirely accurate, as visitors could go the other way, around through [[Kaupo]], and many probably do just that. I believe this would save a great deal of time, as well. --[[User:Viriditas|Viriditas]] 22:30, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Kai-n-Tiku-Aba

2005-08-18T18:17:40Z

Shake your Willy...: Kai-n-Tiku-Aba moved to Kai-n-Tiku-Aba on wheels!

In [[Polynesian mythology]] (specifically: [[Kiribati]]), '''Kai-n-Tiku-Aba''' ("tree of many branches") is a sacred tree located in [[Samoa]], which grew on the back of a man named [[Na Abitu]]. [[Koura-Abi]], a destructive man, broke it. Sorrowful, the people of Samoa scattered across the world.

This myth is from [[Kiribati]], and explains why the [[I-Kiribati]] migrated to Kiribati from Samoa.

{{Oceania-myth-stub}}

[[Category:Polynesian mythology]]

Haleakalā National Park

2005-08-18T18:17:37Z

Shake your Willy...: Haleakala National Park moved to Haleakala National Park on wheels!

[[de:Haleakala-Nationalpark]]
[[fr:Haleakala National Park]]
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="280px">
<tr><td style="background: #B5954B;" align="center" colspan=2>
'''Haleakala'''</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan=2>
[[Image:LocMap_Haleakala_National_Park.png]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>''Designation''</td>
<td>[[National Park]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>''Location''</td>
<td>[[Hawaii]] [[USA]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>''Nearest [[City]]''</td>
<td>[[Pukalani, Hawaii]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>''[[geographic coordinates|Coordinates]]''</td>
<td>{{coor dm|20|43|N|165|10|W|}}</td></tr>
<tr><td>''[[Area]]''</td>
<td>29,094 acres 11,774 ha</td></tr>
<tr><td>''Date of Establishment''</td>
<td>[[July 1]], [[1961]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>''Visitation''</td>
<td> 1,513,182 (2004)</td></tr>
<tr><td>''Governing Body''</td>
<td>[[National Park Service]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>''[[IUCN]] category'' </td>
<td>Ib (Wilderness Area) II (National Park)</td></tr>
</table>

'''Haleakalā National Park''' is a [[United States]] [[national park]] located on the island of [[Maui]] in the state of [[Hawaii]]. The park covers 45.5 mi² ([[1 E8 m²|118 km²]]), of which 38.6 mi² (100 km²) is a [[wilderness area]].

==History==

It was originally made part of the [[Hawaii National Park]] along with the volcanoes of [[Mauna Loa]] and [[Kilauea]] on [[Hawaii (Island)|Hawaii Island]] in [[1916]], but was made into a separate national park in [[1961]]. The park area was designated a [[Biosphere Reserve|International Biosphere Reserve]] in [[1980]].

The park features the dormant [[Haleakala|Haleakalā]] (East Maui) Volcano, which last erupted at around [[1790]]. The park is divided into two distinct sections: the summit area and the coastal Kipahulu area.

The two sections of the park averages 1,450,000 visitors per year.

== Summit ==

The summit area includes Haleakalā Crater, the summit of the volcano, and the area surrounding the summit. This part of the park is accessed by Hawaii state road 378.

The main feature of this part of the park is undoubtedly the famous Haleakalā Crater. It is huge: 11.25 km (7 mi) across, 3.2 km (2 mi) wide, and some 800 meters (2,600 feet) deep. The interior of the crater is dotted by numerous volcanic features, including large cinder cones. Two main trails lead into the crater from the summit area: the Halemau'u and Sliding Sands trails. Hikers in the crater can stay in one of three cabins (which need to be reserved through the park first).

[[Image:Haleakala_crater.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Visitor center view at ~2,969 m (9,740 ft)]]

Each morning, visitors come to the summit of the volcano to watch the spectacular sunrise. More visitors come each afternoon to watch the equally amazing sunset. One attraction of the park is Hosmer Grove, a unique forest of alien trees including [[deodar]] from the [[Himalayas]], [[sugi]] from [[Japan]], [[eucalyptus]] from [[Australia]], and several species from [[North America]] ([[pine]], [[spruce]], [[cypress]], [[fir]], and others). Native plants and trees are also present in the forest but are not very common due to the little light available (because of the taller alien trees).

The park is known for its unique volcanic features, its long scenic drive with numerous overlooks, and the unusually clear views of the night sky available. Haleakalā is one of the best places in the United States for [[amateur astronomy]], and [[binoculars]] and [[telescope|telescopes]] are available for rent from many local merchants. The Hawaiian [[Hawaiian Goose|nene]] geese can also be seen in their natural habitat in Haleakala Crater.

== Kipahulu ==

[[Image:Kipahulu_coast.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Kipahulu region, Haleakala National Park]]
The second section of the park is the [[Kipahulu]] section. Visitors cannot get to this section from the summit area; they must take a winding coastal road that travels around the windward coast of the island. This part of the park lies within the lower part of Kipahulu Valley. It is separated from the summit area of the park by the upper portion of the valley. This area is designated the [[Kipahulu Valley Biological Reserve]] and is closed to the public to preserve the native plant and animal species in this fragile [[ecosystem]].

This section of the park features the more than two dozen pools along Palikea Stream in the gulch called [['Ohe'o]]. These pools contain rare native freshwater fish. Visitors may choose to swim in these pools, or they may choose to hike a trail that takes visitors up to the base of [[Waimoku Falls]].

== External links ==
* Official site: [http://www.nps.gov/hale/ Haleakalā National Park]
* [http://www2.unesco.org/mab/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?mode=all&Code=USA+32 Biosphere Reserve Information]
* [http://eastmauiwatershed.org/ East Maui Watershed Partnership]
* [http://www.terragalleria.com/parks/np.haleakala.html Photos of Haleakalā National Park - Terra Galleria]
* [http://www.nationalparksgallery.com/parks/Haleakala-National-Park Haleakala National Park] - National Parks Gallery

{{National parks of the United States}}

[[Category:Hawaii landmarks]]
[[Category:National parks of the United States]]

Talk:Jonny McGovern

2005-08-18T18:17:36Z

Shake your Willy...: Talk:Johnny McGovern moved to Talk:Johnny McGovern on wheels!

Well, since I wrote this article, I obviously think that the article is accurate and that there is no non-neutral content. Whoever put the dispute should probably say something about WHAT they dispute..? [[User:Pacian|Pacian]] 23:47, 23 May 2005 (UTC)
:My boeuf was with the sentence "He is not very well known outside of the gay community." Unless you can source this, we should take it out, because it's non-obvious. Other than that, it's fine. Sorry for not noting this earlier. [[User:140.247.60.149|140.247.60.149]] 00:28, 24 May 2005 (UTC)
::Did you visit his web page? I don't know how to cite a source for this other than to say that it's just common knowledge and extremely obvious. Unless you think that a music video featuring a man bumping and grinding with other men (wearing only jock straps) while singing "suck, suck, suck!" has been in heavy rotation in heterosexual circles...? He has not marketed himself to anywhere outside of the gay community, and although he '''MAY''' appeal to non-gay people his primary influence is on gay culture. [[User:Pacian|Pacian]] 15:32, 24 May 2005 (UTC)
:::I imagine that Soccer Practice in particular has a lot of traction as an [[Internet phenomenon]], which is how I heard about it. Maybe "not well known outside the gay community except as an internet phenom" would more adequately describe it. Anecdotally, at least, most of the people I know who've seen the video are het. [[User:JosephBarillari|jdb ❋]] ([[User_talk:JosephBarillari|talk]]) 18:41, 24 May 2005 (UTC)
*I understand what you're saying, but I think you're confusing the issue. Take Rupaul, for example. Though many heterosexual people may know who she is and what she does, it is primarily homosexuals who are attending her concerts and buying her albums etc...following that same train of thought, it is '''primarily gay people''' who are purchasing "Gay Pimp" merchandise and attending McGovern's performances (which are almost exclusively at gay venues or at pride festivals.) Does this make the meaning of the statement more clear? [[User:Pacian|Pacian]] 11:35, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
::::I also heard of him as an internet phenomena - I saw him at MuchoSucko.com. None of my gay friends knew of him. The whole term "Gay community" is somewhat ridiculous. It's like saying TLC is famous in the womens community. I knew plenty of women who doesn't give squat about TLC. The gay community is a myth invented by homosexual mediawhores and media itself. Gay is diversity. The thing that is completely common with all homosexuals is their homosexuality, not their preference in music. McGovern is a performer acknowledged by a gay segment, not the gay community. So the statement is void. I'm gonna remove the sentence. --[[User:MadiZone|MadiZone]] 13:04, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
:::::I find your comments to be extremely ignorant. The term "commuity" means "a group of people having common interests." The gay community is a term that is used to refer to those gay individuals who actively pursue regular interactions with other groups of gay individuals, often in inherantly gay settings, for activities that commonly appeal primarily (or signifigantly) to gay people. I'm not a "homosexual mediawhore," and I embrace the term and all of its facets. Perhaps you should keep your tongue to your teeth on matters that you '''CLEARLY''' don't comprehend. [[User:Pacian|Pacian]] 11:29, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
::::::I don't think we disagree much after all. As I interpret your statement there's a wide array of gay communities, but not one single homogeneous gay community. That is why the statement is void. I'm quite sick of having people apply attitude, taste and cultural bagage upon me as soon as I tell them I'm gay, so let's break the stereotypes and promote an image where homos don't need to look cute, feel cute and worship madonna and the fab five. Now, if you want to keep the sentence, please change the sentence to "The stereotypical gay community" and I won't quirk anymore about it :o) But if not, I feel that "Though he is known by a variety of people, his fanbase is primarily gay." says what needs to be said. --[[User:MadiZone|MadiZone]] 12:43, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
What is with the tag on the page saying the article needs cleaning up? It looks fine to me and I'm removing it.
[[User:Pacian|Pacian]] 11:35, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Jonny McGovern

2005-08-18T18:17:31Z

Shake your Willy...: Johnny McGovern moved to Johnny McGovern on wheels!

'''''Johnny McGovern''''', also known by his character name "The Gay Pimp," is an American [[comedian]] and singer. He does stand-up comedy and recorded a single called "[[Soccer]] Practice" which was on the dance charts for some time.
"Soccer Practice" was a lampoon of male bonding, with lines like "I'm a dirty frat boy on a dirty soccer team/go into the locker room after wrestling/I was there because my buddy's down/There ain't nothin' wrong with helpin' a buddy out..." The accompanying video, which received heavy rotation in dance clubs, featured McGovern in a shirt that was emblazed with the sequined words "Gay Pimp." In it he cavorted and simulated sex with scantily clad men.

The success of this single put McGovern in the pseudo-mainstream, and he appeared giving commentary on a vareity of [[VH1]] [[television]] shows that lampoon pop-culture (such as "[[Best Week Ever]]"). However, a second single called "Lookin' Cute, Feelin' Cute" did not fare as well as the first.

McGovern himself is a homosexual and his live performances are almost exclusively at gay establishments or [[gay pride parades]]. Though he is known by a variety of people, his fanbase is primarily gay. He has stated in print interviews that his character "The Gay Pimp" was meant to be a lighthearted response to hyper-masculine heterosexuals and the seeming obsession of gay men with projecting a masculine image (a topic addressed more seriously in the song "Real Men" by [[Joe Jackson]].)

==External Links==
* [http://www.gaypimp.com/ The Gay Pimp Website]
* {{imdb name|id=1640256|name=McGovern, Johnny}}

[[Category:U.S. comedians|McGovern, Johnny]]

Papillary duct

2005-08-18T18:17:30Z

Shake your Willy...: Duct of Bellini moved to Duct of Bellini on wheels!

[[Image:Kidney-Tubules.gif|thumb|Position of the duct of Bellini in the kidney]]
The '''duct of Bellini''' is an anatomical structure of the [[kidneys]], also known as '''papillary duct'''. The straight or collecting tubes commence in the radiate part of the renal cortex, where they receive the curved ends of the [[distal convoluted tubule]]s. They unite at short intervals with one another, the resulting tubes presenting a considerable increase in caliber, so that a series of comparatively large tubes passes from the bases of the rays into the [[renal pyramids]]. In the medulla the tubes of each pyramid converge to join a central tube, the duct of Bellini, which finally opens on the summit of one of the papillae; the contents of the tube are therefore discharged into one of the renal calyces.

So named in honor of its discoverer, [[Italy|Italian]] anatomist [[Lorenzo Bellini]] (1643-1704).

==Source==
* [http://www.bartleby.com/107/253.html Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body]. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1918 (public domain)

[[Category:Urinary system]]
[[Category:Eponymous anatomical structures]]
[[Category:Kidney]]

Steve Hansgen

2005-08-18T18:17:24Z

Shake your Willy...: Steve Hansgen moved to Steve Hansgen on wheels!

'''Steve Hansgen''' is probably most famed for playing [[bass guitar|bass]] in the somewhat legendary [[Hardcore punk|hardcore]] band [[Minor Threat]]. He joined them in the fall of [[1982]] allowing [[Brian Baker]] to switch over to [[guitar]]. He appeared on the [[Out of Step]] record but had to leave the band after about a year.
He later formed the not as successfull [[Second Wind]] with Minor Threat roadie [[Rich Moore]].

Steve Hansgen's current project is a three piece hardcore band with Brian Baker called [[Middle Aged Brigade]].

{{musician-stub}}

Veritas

2005-08-18T18:17:23Z

Shake your Willy...: Veritas moved to Veritas on wheels!

In [[Roman mythology]], '''Veritas''' ("truth") was the goddess of truth and a daughter of [[Cronus|Saturn]].

'''Veritas''' is also the name given to the virtue of truthfulness, which was considered one of the main virtues any good Roman should possess.

The words has since been used for many purposes, including the following:

* [[Asteroid]] [[490 Veritas]].
* '''[[Operation Veritas]]''', the codename for UK military operations against the [[Taliban]] government of [[Afghanistan]] in [[2001]].
* The '''[[Veritas Awards]]''' is the name of [[South Africa]]'s annual [[wine]] competition.
* '''[[Veritas Software]]''' is a corporation providing storage management and recovery software solutions. On July 5, 2005, Veritas Software merged with Symantec Corporation.
* '''[[Det norske veritas]]''', established in [[1864]], DNV is an independent foundation with the objective of safeguarding life, property, and the environment.
* '''''Veritas''''' is the motto of [[Harvard University]].
** Similarly, '''''Lux et veritas''''' ("Light and truth") is the motto of [[Yale University]].
** The motto of [[Seoul National University]] is '''''Veritas lux mea''''' ("The truth enlightens me").
* '''[[VERITAS]]''', a high-energy [[astrophysics]] telescope located on [[Kitt Peak]] in southern [[Arizona]].
* '''[[Veritas (constructor)|Veritas]]''' is also the name of a defunct [[Formula One]] constructor.
* '''[[Veritas (political party)|Veritas]]''' is a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[political party]], founded by [[Robert Kilroy-Silk]] following his resignation from [[UKIP]] in [[2005]].
* '''[[Veritas Organ Company]]''', digital [[electronic organ]] builders
* '''[[Veritas VMS]]''' - open-source virtual architecture, with assemblers and a virtual machine.
* '''[[Veritas Tools]]''', [[Lee Valley]]'s own line of tools
* '''[[The Veritas]]''', an independent, student run newspaper in [[McMinnville, Oregon|McMinnville]], [[Oregon]].
* '''[[Veritas Stadion]]''' is a [[football (soccer)]] [[stadium]] in [[Turku]], [[Finland]].

{{disambig}}

[[de:Veritas]]

[[Category:Roman goddesses]]

Religious Minorities in Pakistan

2005-08-18T18:17:19Z

Shake your Willy...: Status of minorities in Pakistan moved to Status of minorities in Pakistan on wheels!

[[Image:Flag of Pakistan.png|thumb|250px|right|[[Flag of Pakistan]] with a white strip to represent minorities]]
[[Pakistan]] is a very diverse society. On the one hand it has cities like Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, etc, which are full of progressive and intellectual people. On the other hand, there is the rural Pakstan, which is in stark contrast to the Pakistan one sees in big cities. Because of these contradictions, Pakistan faces a lot of challenges today.

==The Mohajirs (Migrants)==
At time of Partition of British India in [[1947]], there were reports of ill-treatment of [[Mohajirs]] by Hindus and Sikhs on their way to Pakistan, (Mohajirs:Muslims who migrated to Pakistan from other parts of undivided Indian during the Partition of 1947).Initially they suffered due to economic hinderances and obstacles to progress later they managed well,however in the [[1960]]s with the coming of General [[Ayub Khan]] and shifting of the capital from [[Karachi]] to [[Islamabad]] ,Mohajirs sensed a conspiracy to deprive them of their rights.This sense of deprivation and anger increased with time during the [[1980]]s when it reached its peak with establishment of a party representing the Mohajirs namely [[MQM]].Since then the Mohajirs have systematically gained their rights and status in [[Pakistan]] politically as well as through the democratic process and currently Mohajirs enjoy a relatively good socio-econmomic environment in [[Pakistan]].

==Status of religious minorities==
According to the [[1973]] constitution of Pakistan, the [[Ahmadiyya]], a minor non-mainstream sect within Islam, have been excommunicated from Islam.

According to the most recent (1998) census [http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/statistics/other_tables/pop_by_religion.pdf] conducted by the Government of Pakistan, Hindus make up 1.60% of the population and Christians (Protestant and Roman Catholic) 1.59%, or around 2.3 million people. Other estimates put the numbers higher.

The U.S. State Department's International Religious Freedom Report 2002 [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2002/14026.htm] estimates the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia Shi'a] population between 10-15%, among which around 600.000 are [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismaili Ismailis]. It also lists Christians at 2.09 million; Ahmadis at 286,000, Hindus at 2.8 million; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoroastrianism Parsis], Buddhists and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhism Sikhs] at 20,000 each; and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahai Baha'is] at 30,000.

The numbers of those who do not profess any faith (such as Atheists and Agnostics) is not known due to the heavy pressure in Muslim cultures against such views.However,as much as expression of these views is limited,no one is forced to profess any religion or faith and religious freedom is protected by Law
===Also Read===
*[[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]] and the Controversy

Lewis (robot)

2005-08-18T18:17:16Z

Shake your Willy...: Lewis (robot) moved to Lewis (robot) on wheels!

'''Lewis''' (named after [[Meriwether Lewis]]) is an [[autonomous robot]] that performs the job of a wedding photographer: it attends social events, moves around, and takes [[digital photography|digital photographs]] of people. It is a research project of the [[Media and Machines Laboratory]] at [[Washington University]].

Lewis has been featured on [[slashdot]], on [[CNN]]'s website, and in various [[North America]]n [[newspaper]]s.

In [[2002]], Lewis received -- and declined -- an invitation to [[Nelly]]'s 24th birthday party.

==External links==

*[http://www.cse.wustl.edu/MediaAndMachines/Lewis/index.html Official page]

Logic Programming Associates

2005-08-18T18:17:13Z

Shake your Willy...: Logic Programming Associates moved to Logic Programming Associates on wheels!

'''Logic Progamming Associates''' is a company specializing in logic and [[artificial intelligence]] software. It was founded in [[1980]] and is most widely known for its [[Prolog]] compilers such as WIN-PROLOG.

{{compu-soft-stub}}

==External links==
*[http://www.lpa.co.uk/ind_pro.htm LPA home page]
*[http://www.lpa.co.uk/abo_lpa.htm About LPA]

Robert Blake (dentist)

2005-08-18T18:17:09Z

Shake your Willy...: Dr Robert Blake moved to Dr Robert Blake on wheels!

==Life History==
'''Dr. Robert Blake''' ([[1772]] - [[25 March]], [[1822]]) graduated from the Department of [[Physics]] at the [[University of Edinburgh]], [[Scotland]], in [[September]] [[1798]], having trained to be a [[dentist]] for his uncle, [[Edward Hudson]].

Dr. Blake married Ann Higgins, daughter of the physician and chemist [[Bryan Higgins|Dr. Bryan Higgins]], on [[25 November]], [[1799]], at [[St. James's Church, Piccadilly]], [[London]].

Dr. Blake was for many years Secretary to the [[Physico-Medical Society of Dublin]]. He was the first State [[Dentist]] of [[Dublin]], and had a large dental practice in the city.

The [[Freeman's Journal]] reports Dr. Blake's death thus:

"It is with deep regret that we announce to our readers the death of Dr Robert Blake of William Street. Those longest and best acquainted with this highly respected gentleman, feel his loss. Conspicuous as he has been for goodness of heart, integrity in all his dealings through life and genuine simplicity of manners."

==Published Works==
Dr. Blake's [[thesis]], ''Disputatio medica inauguralis, de dentium formatione et structura in homine et in variis animalibus'', was first published in [[Edinburgh]] in in [[September]], [[1798]]. It was republished in [[Dublin]] in [[1801]] by William Porter, expanded and translated into [[English]], under the title of ''An Essay on the Structure and Formation of the [[Teeth]] in Man and Various Animals''. A revised and updated edition was published in [[1851]], featuring revisions and corrections, with notes by [[Cyreneus O. Cone]].

In [[1859]], Nasmyth said of Dr. Blake's thesis: "The essay of Dr. Blake must always be regarded as the best work on the subject of the period at which it was written, and will keep its place as a standard production. He is one of the few authors who have taken the trouble to read their lessons from nature, and the deductions which he has drawn from his observations are practically useful. His ideas respecting the 'crusta petrosa' were original at the time, and have since been generally acquiesced in; but his views on most of the functions of the dental capsule are similar to those entertained by other writers, and very different from the opinions which I shall have an opportunity of stating in the course of the present work. His remarks on the succession of the teeth of [[fishes]] are very accurate."

==References==
* Cameron, Sir Charles A; (1886). ''History of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, and of the Irish Schools of Medicine''. Fannin & Company, 41 Grafton Street, Dublin.
* Nasmyth; (1859). ''Researches on the Development, Structure, and Diseases of the Teeth''. Churchill, London.

Blanchard, Wisconsin

2005-08-18T18:17:06Z

Shake your Willy...: Blanchard, Wisconsin moved to Blanchard, Wisconsin on wheels!

'''Blanchard''' is a town located in [[Lafayette County, Wisconsin]]. As of the [[2000]] census, the town had a total population of 261.

== Geography ==
[[Image:WIMap-doton-Blanchard.png|right|Location of Blanchard, Wisconsin]]According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of 45.4 [[square kilometer|km²]] (17.5 [[square mile|mi²]]). 45.4 km² (17.5 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.11% water.

== Demographics ==
As of the [[census]][[Geographic references#2|2]] of [[2000]], there are 261 people, 96 households, and 74 families residing in the town. The [[population density]] is 5.8/km² (14.9/mi²). There are 103 housing units at an average density of 2.3/km² (5.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 98.47% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.00% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.00% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.00% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.00% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.38% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 1.15% from two or more races. 0.38% of the population are [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There are 96 households out of which 35.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.9% are [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 3.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 21.9% are non-families. 16.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.72 and the average family size is 3.04.

In the town the population is spread out with 27.2% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 32.6% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 97.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 106.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town is $48,068, and the median income for a family is $48,295. Males have a median income of $28,472 versus $22,344 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town is $20,160. 3.1% of the population and 2.5% of families are below the [[poverty line]]. Out of the total population, 0.0% of those under the age of 18 and 10.3% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
[[Category:Lafayette County, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Towns in Wisconsin]]

Full displacement

2005-08-18T18:17:03Z

Shake your Willy...: Full displacement moved to Full displacement on wheels!

'''Full displacement''' is a measure of a naval ship's size.

The ship is complete and ready for service in every respect, with liquids in machinery at operating levels; authorized complement of crewmembers and their effects; full allowances of ammunition, provisions, and stores for ship's own use in tanks to full capacity; and cargo, dunnage, passengers, and supplies other than for ship's own use in amounts that will bring the ship to its limiting [[Draft (nautical)|draft]] or legal [[Plimsoll line|load line]].

See [[light displacement]].

== External link ==
*[http://www.nvr.navy.mil/def_fd.htm nvr.navy.mil, definitions]

[[Category:Physical quantity|Displacement]]

Artoria gens

2005-08-18T18:17:00Z

Shake your Willy...: Artorius moved to Artorius on wheels!

'''Artorius''' was a Roman [[gens]] (''gens Artoria''). Its members were apparently natives of [[Campania]], and other brances appeared in [[Dalmatia]], [[Africa (province)|Africa]], [[Gallia Narbonensis]], and [[Aegyptus]]. Marcus, Gaius, and Lucius were the three [[praenomen]] used by the Artorii males. Artorius is believed by some to be the source of the name [[Arthur]].

Members included:
*[[Lucius Artorius Castus]], the most famous member, a cavalry general some think to be the [[historical King Arthur]];
*Marcus Artorius, a freedman scribe living in [[Pompeii]] at the time of the eruption
*Artoria Cleopatra, a woman in Egypt believed to lived during the time of [[Marc Antony]]

See also [http://members.aol.com/heroicage1/Issue1/halac2.htm The Heroic Age]

'''''Artorius''''' is also a long poem by [[John Heath-Stubbs]] ([[1972]]), detailing his view of the Arthurian legend.

[[Category:Families of Rome]]
[[Category:Arthurian legend]]
[[Category:British poems]]

Regio VI Umbria

2005-08-18T18:16:57Z

Shake your Willy...: Roman Umbria moved to Roman Umbria on wheels!

The Roman region of Umbria, '''Regio VI Umbria''', was one of the fourteen regions into which [[Augustus]] divided Italy; it is named after a proto-Italic people, the [[Umbri]], who were gradually subjected by the Romans in the 4th through the 2d centuries BC. Although it passed the name on to the modern region of [[Umbria]], the two do not coincide by any means. Roman Umbria extended from Narni in the South, northeastward to the neighborhood of Ravenna on the Adriatic coast, thus including a large part of central Italy that now belongs to the [[Marche]]; at the same time, it excluded the Sabine country (generally speaking, the area around modern [[Norcia]]) and the right bank of the [[Tiber]], which formed part of Roman Etruria: for example [[Perusia]] (the modern [[Perugia]]) was not part of Roman Umbria; and Sarsina, the birthplace of [[Plautus]], is regularly stated to have been "in Umbria" — which it was, but is not now: Sarsina is in the modern [[province of Forlì]], in [[Emilia-Romagna]].

The importance of Umbria in Roman and medieval times was intimately bound up with the [[Via Flaminia]], the consular road that supplied Rome and served as a military highway into and out of the City: for this reason once the Roman empire collapsed, Umbria became a strategic battleground fought over by the Church, the Lombards and the Byzantines, and suffered consequently, becoming partitioned among them and disappearing from history. The modern use of "Umbria" is due to a renascence of local identity in the 19th century.

[[Category:Geography of Italy]]

Cardistry

2005-08-18T18:16:50Z

Shake your Willy...: Flourish moved to Flourish on wheels!

'''Flourish''', in [[magic (illusion)|magic]], is a feat of physical dexterity ([[sleight of hand]]). Unlike most other sleights, flourish is performed openly (or by the way) in front of the audience, to entertain, display the performer's skill or to divert attention. For instance, a quarter might be 'rolled' or flipped back and forth across the back of the hand; a deck of cards may be fanned, riffled or shuffled in extravagant patterns.

Unlike [[XCM]], flourishing is done with, or to enhance magic. XCM on the other hand, is done alone, only as displays of skill.

{{magic-stub}}
==External links==
*[http://www.expertmagic.com/html/store/b2b/b2b.html Expert Magic - Flourishing: Back 2 Basics]
*[http://www.superhandz.com/ SuperHandz]

Talk:Buster Crabbe

2005-08-18T18:16:49Z

Shake your Willy...: Talk:Buster Crabbe moved to Talk:Buster Crabbe on wheels!

His birth year is reported variously as 1907, 1908, and 1910: the Social Security Death Index gives the year 1908, which is probably the best we can do short of a birth certificate. -- [[User:Someone else|Someone else]] 05:59 Feb 9, 2003 (UTC)

Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau

2005-08-18T18:16:47Z

Shake your Willy...: Honoré Mirabeau moved to Honoré Mirabeau on wheels!

[[Image:Honoré_Mirabeau_4.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Portrait of Mirabeau]]
'''Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, Comte de Mirabeau''', (often referred to simply as '''Mirabeau''') ([[March 9]], [[1749]] - [[April 2]], [[1791]]) was a [[France|French]] writer, popular orator and statesman. During the [[French Revolution]], he was a moderate, favored a [[constitutional monarchy]] built on the model of [[Great Britain]], and conducted secret negotiations with the king in order to reconcile the monarchy and the revolution--an effort that failed.

== Family ==

The family of Riquet, or Riqueti, originally of the little town of [[Digne]], won wealth as merchants at [[Marseille]], and in 1570 Jean Riqueti bought the château and seigniory of Mirabeau, which had belonged to the great [[Provence|Provençal]] family of Barras. In 1685 Honoré Riqueti obtained the title of ''marquis de Mirabeau''.

His son Jean Antoine served with distinction through all the later campaigns of the reign of [[Louis XIV]], and especially distinguished himself in 1705 at the [[battle of Cassano (1705)]], where he was so severely wounded in the neck that he had ever after to wear a silver stock; yet he never rose above the rank of colonel, owing to an eccentric habit of speaking unpleasant truths to his superiors. On retiring from the service he married Françoise de Castellane, and left at his death, in 1737, three sons: Victor marquis de Mirabeau, Jean Antoine, bailli de Mirabeau, and Comte Louis Alexandre de Mirabeau.

== Early life, conflict with father, imprisonments ==

Honoré Mirabeau was born at [[Bignon]], near [[Nemours]] as the eldest surviving son of the economist [[Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau]] and his wife Marie-Geneviève de Vassan. When three years old, a virulent attack of [[smallpox]] left his face disfigured, and contributed to his father's dislike of him. Destined for the army, he was entered at a pension militaire at [[Paris]]. Of this school, which had [[Joseph Louis Lagrange]] for its professor of mathematics, there is an amusing account in the life of [[Gilbert Elliot]] who met Mirabeau there.

On leaving school in 1767 he received a commission in a [[cavalry]] regiment which his grandfather had commanded years before. In spite of his ugliness, he won the heart of the lady to whom his colonel was attached; this led to such scandal that his father obtained a ''[[lettre de cachet]]'', and Mirabeau was imprisoned in the [[Ile de Ré]]. His love affairs form a well-known history, owing to the celebrity of the letters to "Sophie".

On being released, the young count obtained leave to accompany as a volunteer the French expedition to [[Corsica]]. After his return, he tried to keep on good terms with his father, and in 1772 he married a rich heiress, Marie Emilie, daugter of the marquess de [[Marignane]], an alliance arranged for him by his father. His extravagance forced his father to send him into semi-exile in the country, where he wrote his earliest extant work, the ''[[Essai sur le despotisme]]''.

His violent disposition led him to quarrel with a country gentleman who had insulted his sister, and his exile was changed by "[[lettre de cachet]]" into imprisonment in the [[Château d'If]] in 1774. In 1775 he was removed to the castle of [[Joux]], where he was not closely confined, having full leave to enter the town of [[Pontarlier]]. In a house of a friend he met Marie Thérèse de Monnier, his "Sophie", and the two fell in love. He escaped to [[Switzerland]], where Sophie joined him; they then went to the [[United Provinces]], where he lived by [[hack writer|hack work]] for the booksellers; meanwhile Mirabeau had been condemned to death at Pontarlier for seduction and abduction, and in May 1777 he was seized by the French police, and imprisoned by a ''lettre de cachet'' in the castle of [[Château de Vincennes|Vincennes]].

The early part of his confinement is marked by the indecent letters to Sophie (first published in 1793), and the obscene ''Erotica biblion'' and ''Ma conversion''. In the dungeon of Vincennes he met the fellow prisoner [[Marquis de Sade]] who was also writing erotic works; the two disliked each other intensely. Later during his confinement, he wrote ''Des Lettres de Cachet et des prisons d'état'', published after his liberation (1782). It exhibits an accurate knowledge of French constitutional history skillfully applied in an attempt to show that the system of ''lettres de cachet'' was not only philosophically unjust but constitutionally illegal. It shows, though in a rather diffuse and declamatory form, that application of wide historical knowledge, keen philosophical perception, and genuine eloquence to a practical purpose which was the great, characteristic of Mirabeau, both as a political thinker and as a statesman.

== Period before French Revolution ==

With his release from Vincennes (August 1782) begins the second period of Mirabeau's life. He found that his Sophie had consoled herself with a young officer, after whose death she committed [[suicide]]. Mirabeau set to work to get the sentence of death reversed, and by his eloquence not only succeeded in this but got M. de Monnier condemned in the costs of the whole law proceedings. From Pontarlier he went to [[Aix-en-Provence]], where he claimed the court's order that his wife should return to him. She naturally objected, and he lost the case. He then intervened in the suit pending between his father and mother before the [[parlement]] of Paris, and attacked the ruling powers so violently that he had to leave France and again go to Holland, and try to live by literary work.

About this time he met Mme de Nehra, the daughter of [[Zwier van Haren]], a Dutch statesman and political writer, an educated, refined woman, capable of appreciating Mirabeau's good points. His life was strengthened by the love of Mme de Nehra, his adopted son, Lucas de Montigny, and his little dog Chico. After a period of work in Holland he went to England, where his treatise on ''lettres de cachet'' had been much admired, being translated into English in 1787, and where he was soon admitted into the best [[Whig]] literary and political society of [[London]], through his old schoolfellow Gilbert Elliot, who had become a leading Whig member of parliament. Of all his English friends none seem to have been so intimate with him as Lord Shelburne, and Sir Samuel Romilly. Romilly was introduced to Mirabeau by Sir Francis D'Ivernois (1757-1842), and readily undertook to translate into English the ''Considérations sur l'ordre de Cincinnatus'', which Mirabeau had written.

It was the only important work Mirabeau wrote in the year 1785, and it is a good specimen of his method. He had read a pamphlet published in America attacking the proposed order, which was to form a bond of association between the officers who had fought in the [[American War of Independence]] against England; the arguments struck him as true and valuable, so he re-arranged them in his own fashion, and rewrote them in his own oratorical style.

He soon found such work not sufficiently remunerative to keep his petite horde in comfort, and then turned his thoughts to employment from the French foreign office, either in writing or in diplomacy. He first sent Mme de Nehra to Paris to make peace with the authorities, and then returned himself, hoping to get employment through an old literary collaborateur of his, Durival, who was at this time director of the finances of the department of foreign affairs. One of the functions of this official was to subsidize political pamphleteers, and Mirabeau had hoped to be so employed, but he ruined his chances by a series of writings on financial questions.

On his return to Paris he had become acquainted with [[Étienne Clavière]], the Genevese exile, and a banker named Panchaud. From them he heard plenty of abuse of stock-jobbing, and seizing their ideas he began to regard stock-jobbing, or agiotage, as the source of all evil, and to attack in his usual vehement style the Banque de St Charles and the Compagnie des Eaux. This last pamphlet brought him into a controversy with [[Pierre Beaumarchais|Caron de Beaumarchais]], who certainly did not get the best of it, but it lost him any chance of literary employment from the government.

However, his ability was too great to be neglected by a great minister such as [[Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes]] undoubtedly was, and after a preliminary tour to [[Berlin]] at the beginning of 1786 he was despatched in July 1786 on a secret mission to the court of [[Prussia]], from which he returned in January 1787, and of which he gave a full account in his ''Histoire secrete de la cour de Berlin'' (1789). The months he spent at Berlin were important in the history of Prussia, for while he was there [[Frederick the Great]] died. The letters just mentioned show clearly what Mirabeau did and what he saw, and equally clearly how unfit he was to be a diplomat. He certainly failed to conciliate the new king [[Frederick William II]]; and thus ended Mirabeau's one attempt at diplomacy.

During his journey he had made the acquaintance of Jakob Mauvillon (1743-1794), whom he found possessed of a great number of facts and statistics with regard to Prussia; these he made use of in a great work on Prussia published in 1788. But, though his ''De la monarchie prussienne sous Frédéric le Grand'' (London, 1788) gave him a general reputation for historical learning, he had in the same year lost a chance of political employment. He had offered himself as a candidate for the office of secretary to the Assembly of Notables which the King [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]] had just convened, and to bring his name before the public published another financial work, the ''Dénonciation de l'agiotage'', which abounded in such violent diatribes that he not only lost his election, but was obliged to retire to [[Tongeren]]; and he further injured his prospects by publishing the reports he had sent in during his secret mission at Berlin. 1789 was at hand; the states-general was summoned; Mirabeau's period of probation was over.

== Work during French Revolution ==

On hearing of the king's determination to summon the [[Estates-General of 1789|States-General]], Mirabeau started for Provence, and offered to assist at the preliminary conference of the noblesse of his district. They rejected him; he appealed to the ''tiers état'', and was returned both for Aix and for Marseille. He elected to sit for the former city, and was present at the opening of the states-general on May 4, 1789. From this time the record of Mirabeau's life forms the best history of the first two years of the [[Constituent Assembly]], for at every important crisis his voice is to be heard, though his advice was not always followed. He possessed at the same time great logical acuteness and the most passionate enthusiasm. From the beginning he recognized that government exists in order that the bulk of the population may pursue their daily work in peace and quiet, and that for a government to be successful it must be strong.

At the same time he thoroughly comprehended that for a government to be strong it must be in harmony with the wishes of the majority of the people. He had carefully studied the English constitution in England, and he hoped to establish in France a system similar in principle but without any slavish imitation of the details of the English constitution. In the first stage of the history of the States-General Mirabeau's part was very great. He was soon recognized as a leader, to the chagrin of [[Jean Joseph Mounier]], because he always knew his own mind, and was prompt in emergencies. To him is to be attributed the successful consolidation of the [[National Assembly]].

When the [[storming of the Bastille]] had assured the success of the [[French Revolution]], he warned the Assembly of the futility of passing fine-sounding decrees and urged the necessity for acting. He declared that the famous night of [[August 4]] was but an orgy, giving the people an immense theoretical liberty while not assisting them to practical freedom, and overthrowing the old régime before a new one could be constituted. His failure to control the theorizers showed Mirabeau, after the removal of the king and the Assembly to Paris, that his eloquence would not enable him to guide the Assembly by himself, and that he must therefore try to get some support. He wished to establish a strong ministry, which should be responsible like an English ministry, but to an assembly chosen to represent the people of France better than the English [[United Kingdom House of Commons|House of Commons]] at that time represented England.

He first thought of becoming a minister at a very early date, if we may believe a story contained in the ''Mémoires of the duchesse d'Abrantes'', to the effect that in May 1789 Queen [[Marie Antoinette]] tried to bribe him, but that he refused this and expressed his wish to be a minister. The indignation with which the queen repelled the idea may have made him think of the [[Louis Philippe Joseph, duc d'Orléans]] as a possible constitutional king, because his title would of necessity be parliamentary. But the weakness of Orleans was too palpable, and in a famous remark Mirabeau expressed his utter contempt for him. He also attempted to form an alliance with [[Marquis de la Fayette|Lafayette]], but the general was as vain and as obstinate as Mirabeau himself, and had his own theories about a new French constitution. Mirabeau tried for a time, too, to act with [[Jacques Necker|Necker]], and obtained the sanction of the Assembly to Necker's financial scheme, not because it was good, but because, as he said, "no other plan was before them, and something must be done."

The Comte de la Marck was a [[Flemish]] nobleman, a close friend of the queen, and had been elected a member of the states-general. His acquaintance with Mirabeau, begun in 1788, ripened during the following year into a friendship, which La Marck hoped to turn to the advantage of the court. After the events of the 5th and 6th of October he consulted Mirabeau as to what measures the king ought to take, and Mirabeau, delighted at the opportunity, drew up an admirable state paper, which was presented to the king by Monsieur, afterwards [[Louis XVIII of France|Louis XVIII]]. The whole of this Mémoire should be read to get an adequate idea of Mirabeau's genius for politics; here it must be summarized.

The main position is that the king is not free in Paris; he must therefore leave Paris towards the interior of France to a provincial capital, best of all to [[Rouen]], and there he must appeal to the people and summon a great convention. It would be ruin to appeal to the noblesse, as the queen advised.

When this great convention met the king must show himself ready to recognize that great changes have taken place, that [[feudalism]] and [[political absolutism|absolutism]] have for ever disappeared, and that a new relation between king and people has arisen, which must be loyally observed on both sides for the future. To establish this new constitutional position between king and people would not be difficult, because the indivisibility of the monarch and his people is an anchored in the heart of the French people.

Such was Mirabeau's programme, from which he never diverged, but which was far too statesmanlike to be understood by the poor king, and far too positive regarding the altered condition of the monarchy to be palatable to the queen. Mirabeau followed up his ''Mémoire'' by a scheme of a great ministry to contain all men of mark; Necker as prime minister, "to render him as powerless as he is incapable, and yet preserve his popularity for the king," the duc de Liancourt, the [[François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt|duc de La Rochefoucauld]], La Marck, [[Charles Maurice de Talleyrand|Talleyrand]], bishop of Autun, at the finances, Mirabeau without portfolio, [[Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target|GJB Target]], mayor of Paris, Lafayette generalissimo to reform the army, Louis Philippe, comte de Ségur (foreign affairs), Mounier and [[Isaac René Guy le Chapelier|IRG le Chapelier]].

This scheme got noised abroad, and was ruined by a decree of the Assembly of [[November 7]] [[1789]], that no member of the Assembly could become a minister; this decree destroyed any chance of that necessary harmony between the ministry and the majority of the representatives of the nation which existed in England, and so at once overthrew Mirabeau's hopes. The queen utterly refused to take Mirabeau's counsel, and La Marck left Paris. However, in April 1790 he was suddenly recalled by the comte de Mercy-Argenteau, the [[Austria]]n [[Ambassador (diplomacy)|ambassador]] at Paris, and the queen's most trusted political adviser, and from this time to Mirabeau's death he became the medium of almost daily communications between the latter and the queen. Mirabeau at first attempted again to make an alliance with Lafayette, but it was useless, for Lafayette was not a strong man himself and did not appreciate "la force" in others. From the month of May 1790 to his death in April 1791 Mirabeau remained in close connection with the court, and drew up many admirable state papers for it. In return the court paid his debts; but it ought never to be said that he was bribed, for the gold of the court never made him swerve from his political principles; never, for instance, made him a royalist. He regarded himself as a minister, though an unavowed one, and believed himself worthy of his hire.

On the great question of the veto he took a practical view, and seeing that the royal power was already sufficiently weakened, declared for the king's absolute veto and against the compromise of the suspensive veto. He knew from his English experiences that such a veto would be hardly ever used unless the king felt the people were on his side, and that if it were used unjustifiably the power of the purse possessed by the representatives of the people would bring about a [[Glorious Revolution|bloodless revolution]], as in England in 1688. He saw also that much of the inefficiency of the Assembly arose from the inexperience of the members and their incurable verbosity; so, to establish some system of rules, he got his friend Romilly to draw up a detailed account of the rules and customs of the English House of Commons, which he translated into French, but which the Assembly, puffed up by a belief in its own merits, refused to use. On the great subject of peace and war he supported the king's authority, and with some success. Again Mirabeau almost alone of the Assembly held that the soldier ceased to be a citizen when he became a soldier; he must submit to be deprived of his liberty to think and act, and must recognize that a soldier's first duty is obedience. With such sentiments, it is no wonder that he approved of the vigorous conduct of Francois Claude Amour, marquis de Bouillé, at [[Nancy]], which was the more to his credit as Bouillé was the one hope of the court influences opposed to him. Lastly, in matters of finance he showed his wisdom: he attacked Necker's "caisse d'escompte," which was to have the whole control of the taxes, as absorbing the Assembly's power of the purse; and he heartily approved of the system of assignats, but with the reservation that they should not be issued to the extent of more than one-half the value of the lands to be sold.

Of Mirabeau's attitude with regard to foreign affairs it is necessary to speak in more detail. He held it to be just that the French people should conduct their Revolution as they would, and that no foreign nation had any right to interfere with them while they kept themselves strictly to their own affairs. But he knew also that neighbouring nations looked with unquiet eyes on the progress of affairs in France, that they feared the influence of the Revolution on their own peoples, and that foreign monarchs were being prayed by the French emigres to interfere on behalf of the French monarchy. To prevent this interference, or rather to give no pretext for it, was his guiding thought as to foreign policy. He had been elected a member of the ''comité diplomatique'' of the Assembly in July 1790, and became its reporter at once, and in this capacity he was able to prevent the Assembly from doing much harm in regard to foreign affairs. He had long known [[Armand Marc, comte de Montmorin]], the foreign secretary, and, as matters became more strained from the complications with the princes and counts of the empire, he entered into daily communication with the minister, advised him on every point, and, while dictating his policy, defended it in the Assembly. Mirabeau's exertions in this respect are not his smallest title to the name of statesman; and how great a work he did is best proved by the confusion which ensued in this department after his death.

== Death ==

For indeed in the beginning of 1791 his death was very near; and he knew it to be so. The wild excesses of his youth and their terrible punishment had weakened his strong constitution, and his parliamentary labours completed the work. So surely did he feel its approach that some time before the end he sent all his papers over to Sir Gilbert Elliot, who kept them under seal until claimed by Mirabeau's executors. In March his illness was evidently gaining on him, to his great grief, because he knew that he alone could yet save France from the distrust of her monarch and the present reforms, and from the foreign interference, which would assuredly bring about catastrophes unparalleled in the history of the world. Every care that science could afford was given by his friend and physician, [[Pierre Jean George Cabanis|Cabanis]], to whose brochure on his last illness and death the reader may refer. The people kept the street in which he lay quiet; but medical care, the loving solicitude of friends, and the respect of all the people could not save his life. When he could speak no more he wrote with a feeble hand the one word "dormir" (sleep), and on [[April 2]], [[1791]] he died.

He received a grand burial, and it was for him that [[The Panthéon]] in [[Paris]] was created as a burial place for great Frenchmen. In 1792, his secret dealings with the king were uncovered, and his remains were removed from the Pantheon in 1794.

== Collaborators ==

His first literary work, except the bombastic but eloquent ''Essai sur le despotisme'' (Neufchâtel, 1775), was a translation of Robert Watson's ''Philip II'', done in Holland with the help of Durival; his ''Considerations sur l'ordre de Cincinnatus'' (London, 1788) was based on a pamphlet by [[Aedanus Burke]] (1743-1802), of [[South Carolina]], who opposed the aristocratic tendencies of the Society of the Cincinnati, and the notes to it were by Target; his financial writings were suggested by the Genevese exile, [[Étienne Clavière|Clavière]].

During the Revolution he received yet more help; men were proud to labour for him, and did not murmur because he absorbed all the credit and fame. Étienne Dumont, Clavière, Antoine Adrien Lamourette and Étienne Salonion Reybaz were but a few of the most distinguished of his collaborators. Dumont was a Genevese exile, and an old friend of Romilly's, who willingly prepared for him those famous addresses which Mirabeau used to make the Assembly, pass by sudden bursts of eloquent declamation; Clavière helped him in finance, and not only worked out his figures, but even wrote his financial discourses; Lamourette wrote the speeches, on the [[Civil Constitution of the Clergy]]; Reybaz not only wrote for him his famous speeches on the assignats, the organization of the national guard, and others, which Mirabeau read word for word at the tribune, but even the posthumous speech on succession to the estates of intestates, which Talleyrand read in the Assembly as the last work of his dead friend.

As an orator his eloquence has been likened to that of both [[Bossuet]] and Vergniaud, but it had neither the polish of the old 17th century bishop nor the flashes of genius of the young Girondin. It was rather parliamentary oratory in which he excelled, and his true compeers are [[Edmund Burke]] and [[Guy Fox]] rather than any French speakers. Personally he had that which is the truest mark of nobility of mind, a power of attracting love and winning faithful friends.

==References==
{{1911}} ''Please update as needed.''

[[de:Gabriel de Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau]]
[[es:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti]]
[[fr:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau]]
[[ja:オノーレ・ミラボー]]
[[sv:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti de Mirabeau]]

[[Category:1749 births|Mirabeau, Honoré, comte de]]
[[Category:1791 deaths|Mirabeau, Honoré, comte de]]
[[Category:French nobility|Mirabeau, Honoré, comte de]]
[[Category:French writers|Mirabeau, Honoré, comte de]]
[[Category:French Revolution|Mirabeau, Honoré, comte de]]

{{Commons|Honoré Mirabeau|Honoré Mirabeau}}

Buster Crabbe

2005-08-18T18:16:44Z

Shake your Willy...: Buster Crabbe moved to Buster Crabbe on wheels!

''For the British Royal Navy frogman nicknamed Buster Crabb, see [[Lionel Crabb]].''

[[Image:BusterCrabbe_01.jpg|thumb|Buster Crabbe (1908-1983)]]
[[Image:crabbe99.jpg|thumb|Buster Crabbe at "Tarzan"]]

'''Buster Crabbe''' ([[February 7]], [[1908]], [[Oakland, California]] - [[April 23]], [[1983]], [[Scottsdale, Arizona]]) was an American athlete turned actor, who starred in a number of popular [[serial]]s in the 1930s and 1940s.


==Early life==
He was born as '''Clarence Linden Crabbe II''' in 1908 to Lucy Agnes McNamara (1885-1959) and Edward Clinton Simmons Crabbe I (1882-?) in [[Oakland, California]]. His father, Edward, was born in Nevada and his paternal grandfather, Clarence Linden Crabbe I (1861-1941), was born in Hawaii. Buster had a brother: Edward Clinton Simmons Crabbe II (1909-1972) who was known as "Buddy". In 1910 the family was living in a boarding house in Oakland and Edward senior was working as a real estate broker.[[Media:Crabbe_1910b.jpg|1]]


==Hawaii and Olympics==
Raised in [[Hawaii]], he excelled as a swimmer and participated in two [[Olympic Games]]: [[1928]], where he won the bronze medal for the 1,500 meter freestyle, and [[1932]], where he won the gold medal for the 400 meter freestyle. Ironically, at that Olympics, he broke the record held by [[Johnny Weissmuller]], whose role as [[Tarzan]] he would later assume. In 1933 he married Adah Virginia Held.

==Hollywood==
[[Image:Crabbe22.jpg|thumb|350px|Movie ''Shadows of Death'' from 1945]]
Crabbe's role in a 1933 ''Tarzan'' serial, also issued as a full length movie ''[[Tarzan the Fearless]]'', launched a successful career in which he starred in over one hundred movies. Other than a 1964 remake of the same movie, it would be the only movie in which he starred as Tarzan. In the 1933 movie, ''[[King of the Jungle]]'' the 1941's ''[[Jungle Man]]'', and the 1952 serial, ''[[King of the Congo]]'' he played similar roles...but that's not Tarzan. His next major role was as [[Flash Gordon]] in the popular [[Flash Gordon (serial)|''Flash Gordon'' serial]] (a role he reprised in two sequels). Other characters he portrayed included Western hero [[Billy the Kid]] and [[Buck Rogers]]. In some of his movies he is credited as '''Larry Crabbe'''.

==Television==
Crabbe starred in the television series, Captain Gallant of the Foreign Legion (1955 to 1957) as Captain Michael Gallant; the adventure series aired on NBC.

==Later years==
Crabbe's [[Hollywood]] career waned somewhat in the [[1950s]] and [[60s]]. The ever-industrious Crabbe became a [[stockbroker]] and businessman during this period. According to David Ragan's "Movie Stars of the 30's", Crabbe even owned a [[Southern California]] swimming pool building company in later years. Crabbe did make regular television appearances including one on an episode of the [[1979]] series ''[[Buck Rogers in the 25th Century]]'' where he played a retired warrior named "Brigadier Gordon" in honor of Flash Gordon. Nevertheless, he is best remembered today as one of the original action heroes of the cinema.

==Death==
He died in 1983 in [[Scottsdale, Arizona]] and was buried in the Green Acres Memorial Gardens Cemetery.

==External link==
* [http://www.briansdriveintheater.com/bustercrabbe.html Buster Crabbe at Brian's Drive-In Theater]
* [http://www.surfnetinc.com/chuck/crabbe.htm Buster Crabbe Biography by Chuck Anderson]
* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0185568 IMDB: Buster Crabbe]

[[Category:1908 births|Crabbe, Buster]]
[[Category:1983 deaths|Crabbe, Buster]]
[[Category:Athletes of Hawaii|Crabbe, Buster]]
[[Category:U.S. swimmers|Crabbe, Buster]]
[[Category:Film actors|Crabbe, Buster]]

Talk:Stewartstown, Pennsylvania

2005-08-18T18:16:37Z

Shake your Willy...: Talk:Stewartstown, Pennsylvania moved to Talk:Stewartstown, Pennsylvania on wheels!

Please feel free to replace the welcome sign of Stewartstown with an actual town coat of arms. I don't know if one even exists. Also Mapquest is quick and dirty, but a simpler diagram of Stewartstown in PA may be better if someone can find/make one. --[[Talk:Mitler|Mitler]]

Jacob Geel

2005-08-18T18:16:36Z

Shake your Willy...: Jacob Geel moved to Jacob Geel on wheels!

'''Jacob Geel''' (1789-1862), Dutch scholar and critic, was born at [[Amsterdam]] on the 12th of November 1789. In he was appointed sub-librarian, and in 1833 chief librarian and honorary professor at [[Leiden]], where he died on the 11th of November 1862. Geel materially contributed to the development of classical studies in the [[Netherlands]]. He was the author of editions of ''[[Theocritus]]'' (1820), of the ''Vatican fragments of Polybius'' (1829), of the ''Omiutractatus of Dio Chrysostom'' (1840) and of numerous essays in the ''Rlzeinisches Museum and Bibliotheca critica nova'', of which he was one of the founders. He also compiled a valuable catalogue of the manuscripts in the Leiden library, wrote a history of the Greek [[Sophism|sophists]], and translated various [[German language|German]] works into Dutch.

{{1911}}
[[Category:Dutch people|Geel, Jacob]]
[[Category:1789 births|Geel, Jacob]]
[[Category:1862 deaths|Geel, Jacob]]

Addis

2005-08-18T18:16:35Z

Shake your Willy...: Addis moved to Addis on wheels!

'''Addis''' can refer to several things:
*[[Addis Ababa]], capital of Ethiopia
*[[Addis Ababa University]]
*[[Addis Ababa Agreement]]
*[[Addis, Louisiana]], USA
{{disambig}}

Stewartstown, Pennsylvania

2005-08-18T18:16:35Z

Shake your Willy...: Stewartstown, Pennsylvania moved to Stewartstown, Pennsylvania on wheels!

{{Infobox Town E|
name=Stewartstown|

country=USA|
image_coat_of_arms=StewartstownPASign.jpg|
region_type=State|
region_name=Pennsylvania|
region_link=Pennsylvania|
population=1,752|
population_as_of=2000 census|
area=2.2|
founded=1767|
elevation=265.2|
lat_deg=39|
lat_min=45|
lat_hem=N|
lon_deg=76|
lon_min=35|
lon_hem=W|
website=http://www.stewartstown.org|
image_location=StewartstownPAMapquest.gif
}}

'''Stewartstown''' is a borough located in [[York County, Pennsylvania]]. As of the [[2000]] census, the borough had a total population of 1,752.

== General Information ==
*Zip code: [[List_of_ZIP_Codes_in_Pennsylvania#17000_-_17999_.28Zone_17.29|17363]]
*Area code: 717
*Local phone code: 993

== Geography ==
Stewartstown is located at 39°45'15" North, 76°35'35" West (39.754106, -76.593181){{GR|1}}.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the borough has a total area of 2.2 [[square kilometer|km²]] (0.8 [[square mile|mi²]]). 2.2 km² (0.8 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.

== Demographics ==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of [[2000]], there are 1,752 people, 678 households, and 513 families residing in the borough. The [[population density]] is 805.3/km² (2,091.9/mi²). There are 718 housing units at an average density of 330.0/km² (857.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the borough is 96.69% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.60% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.29% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.46% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.00% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.23% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 0.74% from two or more races. 1.26% of the population are [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There are 678 households out of which 39.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.4% are [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 13.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 24.2% are non-families. 21.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 7.7% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.58 and the average family size is 2.99.

In the borough the population is spread out with 29.0% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 35.8% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 34 years. For every 100 females there are 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 93.5 males.

The median income for a household in the borough is $50,000, and the median income for a family is $54,891. Males have a median income of $41,643 versus $28,500 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the borough is $22,095. 4.1% of the population and 2.9% of families are below the [[poverty line]]. Out of the total population, 3.7% of those under the age of 18 and 8.8% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

== External links ==
*[http://www.stewartstown.org/ Stewartstown official website]
*[http://www.stewartstown.com/ Stewartstown's Online Community]
{{Mapit-US-cityscale|39.754106|-76.593181}}

[[Category:York County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Boroughs in Pennsylvania]]