Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Kings Mountain, North Carolina

2023-05-05T19:50:59Z

Sporch: Removed Link in Title of Infobox

{{For|similarly named places|Kings Mountain (disambiguation)}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2021}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name =
| official_name = Kings Mountain, North Carolina
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| image_skyline = Kings Mountain Downtown.JPG
| image_caption = The downtown of Kings Mountain along Battleground Avenue
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| nickname =
| motto = The Historical City
| image_map = NCMap-doton-KingsMountain.PNG
| mapsize = 250x200px
| map_caption = Location of Kings Mountain, North Carolina
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 =
| coordinates = {{coord|35|14|39|N|81|20|33|W|region:US-NC_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{US}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in North Carolina|County]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|North Carolina}}
| subdivision_name2 = [[Cleveland County, North Carolina|Cleveland]], [[Gaston County, North Carolina|Gaston]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| government_type = Mayor-Council
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Scott Neisler
| leader_title1 = City Manager
| leader_name1 = Marilyn Sellers
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 20, 2022}}</ref>
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 36.19
| area_total_sq_mi = 13.97
| area_land_km2 = 35.65
| area_land_sq_mi = 13.76
| area_water_km2 = 0.54
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.21
| elevation_m = 307
| elevation_ft = 1007
| population_total = 11142
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_density_km2 = 312.55
| population_density_sq_mi = 809.50
| named_for =
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]
| postal_code = 28086
| area_code = [[Area code 704|704]]
| website = {{URL|www.cityofkm.com}}
| timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
| utc_offset = −5
| timezone_DST = EDT
| utc_offset_DST = −4
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 37-35880<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website|archive-date=December 27, 1996|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 0988003<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25|archive-date=February 26, 2012|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/65jET5cdV?url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| pop_est_as_of =
| population_est =
}}
'''Kings Mountain''' is a small [[suburb|suburban city]] within the [[Charlotte metropolitan area]] in [[Cleveland County, North Carolina|Cleveland]] and [[Gaston County, North Carolina|Gaston counties]], [[North Carolina]], United States. Most of the city is in Cleveland County, with a small eastern portion in Gaston County. The population was 10,296 at the 2010 census.<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US3735880| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212193022/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US3735880| url-status=dead| archive-date=February 12, 2020| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Kings Mountain city, North Carolina| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=March 27, 2013}}</ref>

==History==
Originally the settlement was called '''White Plains''', but the city was incorporated on October 16, 1874, and the name was changed. It was decided that "Kings Mountain" would be a more appropriate name since the community was close to the site of the historic 1780 [[Battle of Kings Mountain]] in [[York County, South Carolina]], a turning point in the [[American Revolutionary War]].

The Battle of Kings Mountain was proclaimed as "the turning point of the American Revolution" by [[Thomas Jefferson]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cityofkm.com/246/A-Rich-History|title=A Rich History {{!}} Kings Mountain, NC|website=www.cityofkm.com|access-date=2019-02-06|archive-date=February 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207072228/https://www.cityofkm.com/246/A-Rich-History|url-status=live}}</ref> Liberty Mountain, a play performed at the local theater, recounts the events of the battle. The downtown area is home to the museum, police station, and the [[Jacob S. Mauney Memorial Library and Teacher's Home|Mauney Memorial Library]].

The [[Central School Historic District]], [[King Street Overhead Bridge]], [[Margrace Mill Village Historic District]], [[Jacob S. Mauney Memorial Library and Teacher's Home]], [[Southern Railway Company Overhead Bridge]], and [[West End Historic District (Kings Mountain, North Carolina)|West End Historic District]] are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref><ref name="nps">{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/listings/20141224.htm|title=National Register of Historic Places Listings|date=2014-12-24|work=Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 12/15/14 through 12/19/14|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=July 11, 2015|archive-date=October 5, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005184943/http://www.nps.gov/nr/listings/20141224.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:King_Mountain,North_Carolina.jpg|thumb|left|King's Pinnacle]]

Kings Mountain is located at {{coord|35|14|39|N|81|20|33|W|type:city}} (35.244105, -81.342544).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990|archive-date=August 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824085937/https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It lies {{convert|30|mi}} west of [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]] along [[Interstate 85 in North Carolina|Interstate 85]]. [[Gaffney, South Carolina]], is {{convert|21|mi}} to the southwest along I-85.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|32.6|sqkm|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|31.9|sqkm|order=flip}} is land and {{convert|0.6|sqkm|order=flip}}, or 1.98%, is covered with water.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

[[Kings Pinnacle]] is a small mountain located at the southeastern point of the city. Standing at 1,705 feet, it is the highest point in the Kings Mountain Belt of [[Inselberg|monadnock]] formations. It is one of the two mountains in [[Crowders Mountain State Park]], where cleared trails lead to the pinnacle.
{{Clear|left}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 337
|1890= 429
|1900= 2062
|1910= 2218
|1920= 2800
|1930= 5632
|1940= 6547
|1950= 7206
|1960= 8008
|1970= 8465
|1980= 9080
|1990= 8763
|2000= 9693
|2010= 10296
|2020= 11142
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015|archive-date=April 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426102944/http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|+Kings Mountain racial composition<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US3735880&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=2021-12-20|website=data.census.gov|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623144017/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US3735880&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|url-status=live}}</ref>
!scope="col"| Race
!scope="col"| Number
!scope="col"| Percentage
|-
!scope="row"| [[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic)
| 7,457
| 66.93%
|-
!scope="row"| [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic)
| 2,543
| 22.82%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]]
| 30
| 0.27%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]
| 162
| 1.45%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]]
| 1
| 0.01%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]]
| 510
| 4.58%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]
| 439
| 3.94%
|}

As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 11,142 people, 4,151 households, and 2,536 families residing in the city.

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2010, there were 10,296 people, 4,597 households, and 2,674 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 1,187.1 people per square mile (458.1/km2). There were 4,064 housing units at an average density of 497.7 per square mile (192.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 74.85% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 21.55% [[black (U.S. Census)|black]], 0.15% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.81% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.02% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.63% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.99% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.43% of the population.

There were 3,821 households, out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 17.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.0% were non-families. Of all households, 26.8% were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,415, and the median income for a family was $39,137. Males had a median income of $32,444 versus $22,201 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,920. About 13.4% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 29.2% of those under age 18 and 20.7% of those age 65 or over.

==Transportation==
The interchange between [[Interstate 85]], [[U.S. Route 74|US Highway 74]], and [[U.S. Route 29|US Highway 29]] is to the east of the city.

Kings Mountain is also served by two [[North Carolina Highway System|North Carolina State Highways]]: NC-161 with service to [[Bessemer City, North Carolina|Bessemer City]] and [[York, South Carolina|York]], and NC-216 with service to [[Cherryville, North Carolina|Cherryville]].

[[Greyhound Lines]] began scheduled intercity bus service on April 20, 2010. The station is housed at Battleground Petroleum, 726 York Rd., off [[Interstate 85]]. The close proximity to I-85 was a major factor in relocating this station from nearby [[Gastonia, North Carolina]].

== Notable people ==
* [[Otto Briggs]] (1891–1943), former professional baseball player
* [[Dremiel Byers]] (born 1974), [[Greco-Roman Wrestling|Greco-Roman]] wrestler, World Champion and part of two [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] teams ([[2008 Summer Olympics|2008]], [[2012 Summer Olympics|2012]])
* [[Jake Early]] (1915–1985), former [[MLB]] player and [[Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star]] selection
* [[Kevin Mack]] (born 1962), former [[NFL]] player and two-time [[Pro Bowl]] selection
* [[Tim Moore (North Carolina politician)|Tim Moore]] (born 1970), NC Speaker of the House
* [[John Henry Moss]] (1919–2009), [[Minor League Baseball]] executive and longtime Mayor of Kings Mountain
* [[Laura Moss]] (born 1973), actress
* [[Madisyn Shipman]] (born 2002), actress in ''Game Shakers''
* [[Sandor Teszler]] (1903–2000), textile executive and philanthropist
* [[Jimmy Wayne]] (born 1972), country music singer and songwriter
* [[Will Wilson (baseball)|Will Wilson]] (born 1998), professional baseball shortstop in the [[San Francisco Giants]] organization

==See also==
* [[Battle of Kings Mountain]]
* [[Indian Motocycle Manufacturing Company]]
* [[Kings Mountain National Military Park]]
* [[Lincoln Academy (Kings Mountain, North Carolina)|Lincoln Academy]]
* [[Parker Hannifin]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.cityofkm.com City of Kings Mountain official website]

{{Charlotte/Metrolina}}
{{Cleveland County, North Carolina}}
{{Gaston County, North Carolina}}
{{North Carolina}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kings Mountain, North Carolina| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Cleveland County, North Carolina]]
[[Category:Cities in Gaston County, North Carolina]]
[[Category:Cities in North Carolina]]

Center Point, Alabama

2023-04-07T21:02:28Z

Sporch: Linkfix

{{Short description|City in Alabama, United States}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Center Point
|settlement_type = [[City]]
|image_skyline = Center Point School, Center Point AL.jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|image_caption = Center Point City Hall
|image_seal =
|image_map = File:Jefferson County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Center Point Highlighted 0113264.svg
|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Location of Center Point in Jefferson County, Alabama.
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Alabama|County]]
|subdivision_name = [[United States]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Alabama]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Jefferson County, Alabama|Jefferson]]
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|established_date =
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_sq_mi = 6.22
|area_land_sq_mi = 6.21
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.01
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft = 850
|population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 16406
|population_metro =
|population_density_sq_mi = 2639.74
|timezone = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|Central (CST)]]
|utc_offset = -6
|coordinates = {{coord|33|38|41|N|86|41|07|W|region:US-AL|display=inline,title}}
|timezone_DST = CDT
|utc_offset_DST = -5
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 35215
|area_code = [[Area codes 205 and 659|205 & 659]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 01-13264
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 2404020<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2404020}}</ref>
|website = https://www.cityofcenterpoint.org/
|footnotes =
|pop_est_as_of =
|pop_est_footnotes =
|population_est =
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_01.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 29, 2021}}</ref>
|area_total_km2 = 16.12
|area_land_km2 = 16.10
|area_water_km2 = 0.02
|population_density_km2 = 1019.22
}}

'''Center Point''' is a city and a former census-designated place (CDP) in northeastern [[Jefferson County, Alabama|Jefferson County]], [[Alabama]], [[United States]]. It is part of the [[Birmingham, Alabama, metropolitan area|Birmingham metropolitan area]]. At the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]], the population was 16,406. However, after its [[incorporation (municipal government)|incorporation]] in 2002, the city's boundaries are much smaller than those of the CDP. As of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]], the population of the incorporated city was 16,921.<ref>U.S. Census Bureau. 2010 Population Census for Incorporated Places</ref> The public high school for Center Point is [[Center Point High School]] grades 9th-12th. The public middle school for Center Point is Erwin Middle School grades 6th-8th. Center Point has 2 public elementary schools, Erwin Intermediate School grades 3rd-5th and Center Point Elementary School grades K-2nd.

==History==
The city of Center Point originally started as a small farm community, founded by the Reed family of North Carolina, which was around the same time other families were coming in to settle the towns of [[Trussville, Alabama|Trussville]], [[Springville, Alabama|Springville]], [[Clay, Alabama|Clay]], and [[Pinson, Alabama|Pinson]]. By 1924, the Rock School was built, which now stands as the Center Point City Hall, as well as several business such as a post office and blacksmith shop. Center Point remained an unincorporated and small community from the 1920s through the 1950s, but in 1947 a viable water supply was discovered enabling Center Point to become self-sufficient and set up for further development. During the 1950s, there was steady growth in the area as more people continued to move eastward from the center of Birmingham, seeing the nearby neighborhoods East Lake, Huffman, and Roebuck swell with new houses and people. However by the 1960s, Center Point began to rapidly develop, with over 80% of all homes in city limits built within a ten year span from 1960-1970. The rapid growth soon overcrowded [[Hewitt-Trussville High School]] in nearby Trussville past capacity limit, which had been the high school serving Center Point for decades. [[Jefferson County Schools (Alabama)|Jefferson County Schools]] soon elected to introduce a new high school, [[E.B. Erwin High School]] in 1965. By 1967, Center Point was recognized as the largest census-designated place (CDP) in the United States with over 67,000 people. From the 1970s through mid-1990s, Center Point was a thriving suburb of [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]] and was one of the largest surrounding communities. By the late 1990s however, urban blight, financial decay, and violence had already plagued Birmingham's eastern neighborhoods such as [[Woodlawn, Birmingham, Alabama|Woodlawn]] and East Lake, which soon began to spill into still unincorporated Center Point. The decay was accelerated by the clearing/demolition of East Lake housing bordering [[Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport|Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport]], which the city of Birmingham was attempting to expand, as well as the rapid annexation attempts made by the city around Center Point and other areas in the 1980s-1990s. The city paid the East Lake homeowners relocation money as reimbursement for the house and property. The decay brought about a severe socioeconomic shift, which saw the complete demographic flip of the area addition to financial and retail losses to newly growing suburbs around Birmingham. The city incorporated in 2002 in a rush for control over their own fate and to deter any further control measures/annexation by the city of Birmingham. Eventually, this decay led to the area's school quality decline and began to display the rarely-observed “suburban blight”. By 2020 according to the U.S. Census, the city had reached a point where over 1/3 of the city was below the poverty level, in addition to high crime rates, murder rates, and falling population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Center Point |url=http://encyclopediaofalabama.org/Article/h-3467 |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=Encyclopedia of Alabama |language=en}}</ref>

==Geography==
It is located at {{Coord|33|38|41|N|86|41|07|W|type:city}}.<ref name=gnis/>

According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the CDP had a total area of {{convert|8.1|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|8.1|sqmi|km2}} was land and {{convert|0.04|sqmi|km2}} (0.25%) was water.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1970= 15675
|1980= 23317
|1990= 22658
|2000= 22784
|2010= 16921
|2020= 16406
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|author-link=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=August 10, 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426102944/http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=April 26, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Center Point racial composition<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US0113264&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=2021-12-11|website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
!Race
!Num.
!Perc.
|-
|[[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic)
|2,799
|17.06%
|-
|[[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic)
|12,134
|73.96%
|-
|[[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]]
|26
|0.16%
|-
|[[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]
|33
|0.2%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]]
|10
|0.06%
|-
|[[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]]
|467
|2.85%
|-
|[[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]
|937
|5.71%
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 16,406 people, 6,029 households, and 4,018 families residing in the city.

===2010 census===
According to the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]], there were 16,921 people living in the City of Center Point. The racial / ethnic makeup of Center Point was 32.6% White, 62.9% Black or African-American, 0.4% Asian, 0.2% Native American or Alaska Native, 0.02% Native Hawaiian, 2.8% other races, and 1.1% were two or more races. Hispanics of any race were 4.8% of the population.

===2000 census===
At the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]], there were 22,784 people, 8,826 households, and 6,434 families in the CDP. The population density was {{convert|2,830.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 9,292 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,154.3|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census#2010 census|racial makeup]] of the CDP was 72.90% White, 24.23% Black or African American, 0.28% Native American, 0.55% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.02% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. 2.23% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 8,826 households 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 15.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.1% were non-families. 23.7% of households were one person and 8.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.02.

The age distribution was 26.6% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% 65 or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.8 males.

The median household income was $40,929 and the median family income was $46,427. Males had a median income of $35,500 versus $25,544 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,160. About 7.7% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 12.2% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over.

==Notable person==
* [[Dan Sartain]], [[rock and roll]] musician<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ells|first1=Blake|title=Birmingham's Dan Sartain welcomes new record on Sunday at Bottletree|url=http://blog.al.com/birmingham-box-set/2012/03/post_2.html|website=al.com|publisher=Alabama Media Group|accessdate=29 April 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Jefferson County, Alabama}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Alabama]]
[[Category:Cities in Jefferson County, Alabama]]
[[Category:Former census-designated places in Alabama]]
[[Category:Birmingham metropolitan area, Alabama]]

New London, Connecticut

2023-03-07T14:30:49Z

Sporch: Linkfix

{{short description|City in Connecticut, United States}}
{{About||the county|New London County, Connecticut}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2011}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = City of New London 
|settlement_type = City
|image_skyline = New London skyline from Fort Griswold, December 2017.jpg
|imagesize = 300px
|image_caption = New London skyline from [[Fort Griswold]]
|image_flag =
|image_seal = Seal of City of New London.png
|nickname = The Whaling City
|motto = ''[[Mare Liberum]]''
|image_map = New London County Connecticut Incorporated and Unincorporated areas New London Highlighted 2010.svg
|mapsize = 250 px
|map_caption = Location in [[New London County, Connecticut]]
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
| pushpin_map = USA#Connecticut
| pushpin_label_position = top
| pushpin_label = New London
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States and Connecticut
| pushpin_mapsize =
|coordinates = {{coord|41|21|20|N|72|05|58|W|region:US-CT|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = State
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Connecticut}}
| subdivision_type1 = County
|subdivision_name1 = New London
| subdivision_type2 = Metropolitan area
| subdivision_name2 = [[New London County, Connecticut|New London]]
|established_title = Settle
|established_date = 1646 (Pequot Plantation)
|established_title2 = Named
|established_date2 = 1658 (New London)
|established_title3 = Incorporated (city)
|established_date3 = 1784


|government_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web | title = Office of the Mayor | publisher = City of New London, Connecticut | url = http://www.ci.new-london.ct.us/content/7429/7469/default.aspx | access-date = June 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Council Members | publisher = City of New London, Connecticut | url = http://www.ci.new-london.ct.us/content/7429/7471/7511.aspx | access-date = June 11, 2017}}</ref>
|government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–council]]
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Michael E. Passero
{{Collapsible list
| title = City Council
| title_style =
| frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
| list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
| 1 = Don Venditto, Jr.
| 2 = Efrain Dominguez, Jr.
| 3 = Martha E. Marx
| 4 = Erica L. Richardson
| 5 = John D. Satti
| 6 = Michael J. Tranchida}}
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 27.47
|area_total_sq_mi = 10.61
|area_land_km2 = 14.56
|area_land_sq_mi = 5.62
|area_water_km2 = 12.91
|area_water_sq_mi = 4.99
|area_urban_km2 = 318.66
|area_urban_sq_mi = 123.03
|area_metro_km2 =
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|elevation_m = 17
|elevation_ft = 56
|population_total = 27367
|population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes =
|population_density_km2 = 1879.6
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_urban =
|population_metro = 274055
|population_density_metro_km2 =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_note =
|postal_code_type = ZIP code
|postal_code = 06320
|area_code = 860
| unemployment_rate =
|website = [https://www.newlondonct.org/ City of New London]
|footnotes =
|timezone = EST
|utc_offset = −5
|timezone_DST = EDT
|utc_offset_DST = −4
|blank_name = FIPS code
|blank_info = 09-52280
|blank1_name = GNIS feature ID
|blank1_info = 0209237
| blank2_name = Airport
| blank2_info = [[Groton–New London Airport]]
| blank3_name = Major highways
| blank3_info = [[File:I-95.svg|25px|link=Interstate 95 in Connecticut]] [[File:Connecticut Highway 32.svg|25px|link=Connecticut Route 32]] [[File:Connecticut Highway 85.svg|25px|link=Connecticut Route 85]]
| blank4_name = Commuter rail
| blank4_info = [[File:Amtrak logo 2.svg|25px|link=Amtrak]] [[File:Hartford Line Transparent.png|25px|link=Shore Line East]]
|pop_est_as_of =
|pop_est_footnotes =
|population_est =
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_09.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 2, 2020}}</ref>
}}

'''New London''' is a seaport city and a port of entry on the northeast coast of the United States, located at the mouth of the [[Thames River (Connecticut)|Thames River]] in [[New London County, Connecticut]]. It was one of the world's three busiest whaling ports for several decades beginning in the early 19th century, along with [[Nantucket]] and [[New Bedford, Massachusetts]]. The wealth that whaling brought into the city furnished the capital to fund much of the city's present architecture. The city subsequently became home to other shipping and manufacturing industries, but it has gradually lost most of its industrial heart.

New London is home to the [[United States Coast Guard Academy]], [[Connecticut College]], [[Mitchell College]], and [[The Williams School]]. The [[Coast Guard Station New London]] and New London Harbor is home port to the Coast Guard Cutter ''Coho'' and the Coast Guard's tall ship [[USCGC Eagle (WIX-327)|''Eagle'']]. The city had a population of 27,367 at the 2020 census.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US0901152350|title=Census - Geography Profile: New London town, New London County, Connecticut|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 18, 2021}}</ref> The [[Norwich, Connecticut|Norwich]]–New London metropolitan area includes 21 towns and 274,055 people.

==History==
[[File:2013-07-28 Fort Trumbull - Thames Baseball Club.jpg|thumb|left|[[Fort Trumbull]], originally built on this site in 1777. The present structure was built between 1839 and 1852.]]
[[File:New London.jpg|thumb|left|New London in 1813]]
[[File:New London old station and Parade 1883.JPG|thumb|right|The Parade in 1883, with a railroad station built in 1864 at right (replaced by [[New London Union Station]] in 1887) and ferryboats in the river]]

===Colonial era===
The area was called Nameaug by the [[Pequot]] [[Native Americans of the United States|Indians]]. [[John Winthrop, Jr.]] founded the first English settlement here in 1646, making it about the 13th town settled in Connecticut. Inhabitants informally referred to it as Nameaug or as Pequot after the tribe. In the 1650s, the colonists wanted to give the town the official name of London after [[London, England]], but the [[Connecticut General Assembly]] wanted to name it Faire Harbour. The citizens protested, declaring that they would prefer it to be called Nameaug if it could not be officially named London.<ref name="Marrin2007">{{cite book|first=Richard B.|last=Marrin|title=Abstracts from the New London Gazette Covering Southeastern Connecticut, 1763-1769|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y2LanJi-x6MC&pg=PA242|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Heritage Books|isbn=978-0-7884-4171-4|pages=242}}</ref><ref>Frances Manwaring Caulkins, ''History of New London, Connecticut, from the first survey of the coast in 1612 to 1860'', Library of Congress, 1895.</ref> The legislature relented, and the town was officially named New London on March 10, 1658.

===American Revolution===

The harbor was considered to be the best deep water harbor on [[Long Island Sound]],<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=New London |volume=19 |pages=515–516}}</ref> and consequently New London became a base of [[U.S. Navy|American naval operations]] during the [[American Revolutionary War]] and privateers where it has been said no port took more prizes than New London with between 400–800 being credited to New London privateers including the 1781 taking of supply ship Hannah, the largest prize taken during the war. Famous New Londoners during the American Revolution include [[Nathan Hale]], William Coit, Richard Douglass, Thomas and Nathaniel Shaw, [[Samuel Holden Parsons|Gen. Samuel Parsons]], printer Timothy Green, and Bishop [[Samuel Seabury (bishop)|Samuel Seabury]].

New London was raided and much of it burned to the ground on September 6, 1781 in the [[Battle of Groton Heights]] by [[Norwich, Connecticut|Norwich]] native [[Benedict Arnold]] in an attempt to destroy the Revolutionary [[privateer]] fleet and supplies of goods and naval stores within the city. It is often noted that this raid on New London and Groton was intended to divert General [[George Washington]] and the French Army under [[Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste-Donatien|Rochambeau]] from their march on [[Yorktown, Virginia]]. The main defensive fort for New London was [[Fort Griswold]], located across the Thames River in [[Groton, Connecticut|Groton]]. It was well known to Arnold, who sold its secrets to the British fleet so that they could avoid its [[artillery]] fire. The British overran New London's [[Fort Trumbull]], while other soldiers moved in to attack Ft. Griswold across the river, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel [[William Ledyard]]. The British suffered great casualties at Ft. Griswold before the Americans were finally forced to surrender—whereupon the British stormed into and slaughtered most of the militia who defended it, including Colonel Ledyard. All told, more than 52 British soldiers and 83 defenders were killed, and more than 142 British and 39 defenders were wounded, many mortally. New London suffered over 6 defenders killed and 24 wounded, while Arnold and the British and Hessian raiding party suffered an equal amount.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.battleofgrotonheights.com |title=The Battle of Groton Heights & Burning of New London |publisher=Battleofgrotonheights.com |date=August 31, 2006 |access-date=October 28, 2011}}</ref>

Connecticut's independent legislature made New London one of the first two cities brought from ''de facto'' to formalized incorporations in its January session of 1784, along with [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]].

===19th century===
During the [[War of 1812]], [[torpedo]]es were employed in attempts to destroy British vessels and protect American harbors. In fact, a submarine-deployed torpedo was used in an unsuccessful attempt to destroy [[HMS Ramillies (1785)|HMS ''Ramillies'']] while in New London's harbor. This prompted British Capt. Hardy to warn the Americans to cease efforts with the use of any "torpedo boat" in this "cruel and unheard-of warfare", or he would "order every house near the shore to be destroyed".<ref name=Lossing>{{Cite book |last=Lossing |first=Benson |title=The Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812 |publisher=Harper & Brothers, Publishers |year=1868 |page=692}}</ref>{{rp|693}}

For several decades beginning in the early 19th century, New London was one of the three busiest [[whaling]] ports in the world, along with [[Nantucket]] and [[New Bedford, Massachusetts]]. The wealth that whaling brought into the city furnished the capital to fund much of the city's present architecture.

The [[New Haven and New London Railroad]] connected New London by rail to New Haven and points beyond by the 1850s. The [[Springfield and New London Railroad]] connected New London to [[Springfield, Massachusetts]], by the 1870s.

===Military presence===

Several military installations have been part of New London's history, including the [[United States Coast Guard Academy]] and [[Coast Guard Station New London]].<ref>[http://www.uscg.mil/d1/sectlis/units/staNewLondon/ Coast Guard Station New London official web page]</ref> Most of these military installations have been located at [[Fort Trumbull]]. The first Fort Trumbull was an earthwork built 1775–1777 that took part in the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]]. The second Fort Trumbull was built 1839–1852 and still stands. By 1910, the fort's defensive function had been superseded by the new forts of the [[Endicott Board|Endicott Program]], primarily located on [[Fishers Island]]. The fort was turned over to the [[Revenue Cutter Service]] and became the Revenue Cutter Academy. The Revenue Cutter Service was merged into the [[United States Coast Guard]] in 1915, and the Academy relocated to its current site in 1932. During [[World War II]], the [[United States Merchant Marine|Merchant Marine]] Officers Training School was located at Fort Trumbull. From 1950 to 1990, Fort Trumbull was the location for the [[Naval Underwater Sound Laboratory]], which developed [[sonar]] and related systems for [[US Navy]] [[submarine]]s. In 1990, the Sound Laboratory was merged with the [[Naval Underwater Systems Center]] in [[Newport, Rhode Island]], and the New London facility was closed in 1996.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091026194651/http://www.geocities.com/~jmgould/trumhist.html The History of Fort Trumbull by John Duchesneau]</ref><ref>[http://www.fortfriends.org/history.htm Fort Trumbull History Site]</ref>

The [[Naval Submarine Base New London]] is physically located in Groton, but submarines were stationed in New London during World War II and from 1951 to 1991. The [[submarine tender]] [[USS Fulton (AS-11)|''Fulton'']] and [[Submarine Squadron 10]] were based at State Pier in New London during this time. Squadron Ten was usually composed of eight to ten submarines and was the first all-nuclear submarine squadron. USS ''Fulton'' was decommissioned, after 50 years of service, in 1991 and Submarine Squadron 10 was disbanded at the same time. In the 1990s, State Pier was rebuilt as a [[freight container|container]] terminal.

During the [[Red Summer]] of 1919, there were [[New London riots of 1919|a series of racial riots]] between white and black Navy men stationed in New London and Groton.{{sfn|Rucker|Upton|2007|p=554}}{{sfn|The Greeneville Daily Sun|1919|p=1}}{{sfn|Voogd|2008|p=95}}

===Fort Trumbull===

{{main|Kelo v. City of New London}}
[[Image:Fort Trumbull three.jpg|right|thumb|One of the few remaining houses in the Fort Trumbull neighborhood, June 10, 2007]]

The neighborhood of Fort Trumbull once consisted of nearly two-dozen homes, but they were seized by the City of New London using [[eminent domain]]. This measure was supported in a 5–4 ruling in the 2005 Supreme Court case ''[[Kelo v. City of New London]]'', and the homes were ultimately demolished by the city as part of an economic development plan. The site was slated to be redeveloped under this plan, but the chosen developer was not able to get financing and the project failed. The empty landscape of the Fort Trumbull area has been widely characterized as an example of government overreach and inefficiency.<ref name=jacoby>{{cite news|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2014/03/12/the-devastation-caused-eminent-domain-abuse/yWsy0MNEZ91TM94PYQIh0L/story.html|last=Jacoby|first= Jeff|title= Eminent disaster: Homeowners in Connecticut town were dispossessed for nothing|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=March 12, 2014}}</ref><ref name=WeekStand>{{cite news|last1=Allen|first1=Charlotte|title='Kelo' Revisited|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/kelo-revisited_776021.html#|access-date=23 October 2014|work=Weekly Standard|date=Feb 10, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Somin|first=Ilya|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/05/29/the-story-behind-the-kelo-case-how-an-obscure-takings-case-came-to-shock-the-conscience-of-the-nation/|title= The story behind Kelo v. City of New London – how an obscure takings case got to the Supreme Court and shocked the nation|newspaper= [[The Washington Post]]|date=May 29, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Downey |first=Kirstin |url= http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002283981_scotus22.html |title=Nation & World | Supreme Court ruling due on use of eminent domain |work=Seattle Times |access-date=October 28, 2011 |date=May 22, 2005}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:New London Map 49%.png|thumb|right|49% of New London's area is water.]]
[[File:Nathan Hale statue in Williams Park, New London Connecticut.jpg|thumb|A statue of [[Nathan Hale]] in Williams Park]]
In terms of land area, New London is one of the smallest cities in Connecticut. Of the whole {{convert|10.76|sqmi|km2}}, nearly half is water; {{convert|5.54|sqmi|km2}} is land.<ref>{{cite web |work=American FactFinder |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-tree_id=4001&-amp;-format=ST-7%7CST-7S&-amp;-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_caller=geoselect&-context=gct&-amp;-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_ST7&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_ST7&-redoLog=true&-amp;-_lang=en%20U.S.%20Census%20Bureau&-_lang=en&-geo_id=05000US09011&-CONTEXT=gct&-format=CO-2&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-amp;-tree_id=4001&-amp;-geo_id=04000US09&-amp;-context=gct&-amp;-CONTEXT=gct |title=New London County, Connecticut – County Subdivision and Place |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=October 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200216141506/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-tree_id=4001&-amp;-format=ST-7%7CST-7S&-amp;-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_caller=geoselect&-context=gct&-amp;-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_ST7&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_ST7&-redoLog=true&-amp;-_lang=en%20U.S.%20Census%20Bureau&-_lang=en&-geo_id=05000US09011&-CONTEXT=gct&-format=CO-2&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-amp;-tree_id=4001&-amp;-geo_id=04000US09&-amp;-context=gct&-amp;-CONTEXT=gct |archive-date=February 16, 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The town and city of New London are coextensive. Sections of the original [[New England town|town]] were ceded to form newer towns between 1705 and 1801. The [[New England town|towns]] of [[Groton, Connecticut|Groton]], [[Ledyard, Connecticut|Ledyard]], [[Montville, Connecticut|Montville]], and [[Waterford, Connecticut|Waterford]], and portions of [[Salem, Connecticut|Salem]] and [[East Lyme, Connecticut|East Lyme]], now occupy what had earlier been the outlying area of New London.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sots.ct.gov/RegisterManual/SectionVII/townorder.htm |title= Connecticut Towns in the Order of their Establishment|website=www.sots.ct.gov |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314164126/http://www.sots.ct.gov/RegisterManual/SectionVII/townorder.htm |archive-date=March 14, 2008}}</ref>

New London is bounded on the west and north by the town of Waterford on the east by the [[Thames River, Connecticut|Thames River]] and Groton and on the south by [[Long Island Sound]].

===Principal communities===
*[[Downtown New London]]
*Ocean Beach

Other minor communities and geographic features include Bates Woods Park, Fort Trumbull, Glenwood Park, Green's Harbor Beach, Mitchell's Woods, Pequot Colony, Riverside Park, Old Town Mill.

===Towns created from New London===
New London originally had a larger land area when it was established. Towns set off since include:
* [[Stonington, Connecticut|Stonington]] in 1649
** This large area ran from the [[Mystic River (Connecticut)|Mystic River]] to the [[Pawcatuck River]], including [[Pawcatuck, Connecticut|Pawcatuck]], Wequetequock, and the easterly half of [[Mystic, Connecticut|Mystic]]. It stretched inland from [[Long Island Sound]] to [[Lantern Hill]].
** [[North Stonington, Connecticut|North Stonington]] was created from the northern half of Stonington in 1807.
* [[Groton, Connecticut|Groton]] in 1705
** [[Ledyard, Connecticut|Ledyard]] (originally North Groton) created from a part of Groton in 1836.
* [[Montville, Connecticut|Montville]] in 1786.
** [[Salem, Connecticut|Salem]] created from parts of Montville, Colchester, and Lyme in 1819
* [[Waterford, Connecticut|Waterford]] in 1801.
** [[East Lyme, Connecticut|East Lyme]] created from parts of Waterford and Lyme in 1839.
* [[Fishers Island]] officially left Connecticut and became part of New York in 1879.

===Climate===

Using the [[Köppen climate classification]] New London has a temperate climate (called Humid Subtropical in some climate classifications). This zone is defined as having a monthly mean temperature above 26.4 °F (−3 C) but below 64.4 °F (18 C) in the coldest month.

The city experiences long, hot and humid summers, and cool to cold winters with snowfall on occasion. The city averages 2,300 hours of sunshine annually (higher than the USA average). New London lies in the broad transition zone between continental climates to the north in New England and southern Canada, and the Humid subtropical climates to the south of the middle and south Atlantic states.

From May to late September, the southerly flow from the [[Bermuda High]] creates hot and humid tropical weather conditions. Daytime heating produces occasional thunderstorms with heavy but brief downpours. Daytime highs in summer are normally near 80 °F, with occasional heat waves bringing high temperatures into the 90's °F. Spring and Fall are mild in New London, with daytime highs in the 55° to 70 °F range and lows in the 40° to 50 °F range. The seaside location of the city creates a long growing season compared to areas inland. The first frost in the New London area is normally not until late October or early November, almost three weeks later than parts of northern Connecticut. Winters are cool with a mix of rainfall and snowfall, or mixed precipitation. New London normally sees fewer than 25 days annually with snow cover. In mid-winter, there can be large differences in low temperatures between areas along the coastline and areas well inland, sometimes as much as 15 °F.

Tropical cyclones (hurricanes/tropical storms) have struck Connecticut and the New London metropolitan area, although infrequently. Hurricane landfalls have occurred along the Connecticut coast in 1903, 1938, 1944, 1954 ([[Hurricane Carol|Carol]]), 1960 ([[Hurricane Donna|Donna]]), 1985 ([[Hurricane Gloria|Gloria]]). [[Hurricane Irene|Tropical Storm Irene]] (2011) also caused moderate damage along the Connecticut coast, as did [[Hurricane Sandy]] (which made landfall in New Jersey) in 2012.

[[File:M-grandiflora bank-st montauk-ave new-london-CT 11282020.jpg|thumb|Mature Magnolia grandiflora on the north side of Bank Street (intersection with Montauk Avenue) in New London, Connecticut.]]

The Connecticut shoreline (including New London) lies within the broad transition zone where so-called "subtropical indicator" plants and other broadleaf evergreens can successfully be cultivated. New London averages about 90 days annually with freeze, about the same as Baltimore, Maryland{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}. As such, many varieties of [[Magnolia grandiflora|Southern Magnolia]], [[Rhapidophyllum hystrix|Needle Palms]], [[Loblolly Pine|Loblolly]] and [[Longleaf Pines]], [[Lagerstroemia indica|Crape Myrtles]], [[Aucuba japonica]], [[Camellia]], [[Yucca gloriosa|trunking Yucca]], [[Musa basjoo|hardy bananas]], [[Araucaria araucana|Monkey Puzzle]], copious types of evergreen [[Holly|Hollies]], many East Asian (non-holly) [[broadleaf evergreen]] trees and shrubs, and certain varieties of [[Ficus carica|figs]] may be grown in private and public gardens. The growing season is quite long in New London. Like much of coastal Connecticut and Long Island, NY, it averages close to 200 frost free days.

New London lies at the cusp of [[hardiness zone|USDA hardiness zones]] 6 and 7 (6b and 7a), with the southern quarter or so of land area in the city being in zone 7 according to the latest released hardiness zone map, making it similar in expected extreme minimum annual temperature to places like [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania]], [[Trenton, New Jersey]], the [[Shenandoah Valley]] of [[Virginia]], much of north-central [[Tennessee]] and the [[Ozarks]] of northern [[Arkansas]]. By the mid-to-late 21st century, the area is expected to fall within USDA zone 8 according to some models.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/redrawing-the-map-how-the-worlds-climate-zones-are-shifting|title=Redrawing the Map: How the World's Climate Zones Are Shifting}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301360248 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/034001|title=Projected changes in cold hardiness zones and suitable overwinter ranges of perennial crops over the United States |year=2016 |last1=Parker |first1=Lauren E. |last2=Abatzoglou |first2=John T. |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=11 |issue=3 |page=034001 |s2cid=51886166 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi = 10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/034001|title = Projected changes in cold hardiness zones and suitable overwinter ranges of perennial crops over the United States|year = 2016|last1 = Parker|first1 = Lauren E.|last2 = Abatzoglou|first2 = John T.|journal = Environmental Research Letters|volume = 11|issue = 3|page = 034001|doi-access = free}}</ref>

Due to climate change, certain low-lying areas such as [[Ocean Beach (New London)|Ocean Beach]] in the southern part of the city are susceptible to [[sea level rise|rising sea levels]] and increasingly powerful fall/winter [[noreaster]]s and summer/fall [[hurricanes]].

{{Weather box New London}}
{{clear|left}}
{{US Census population
|1800= 5150
|1810= 3238
|1820= 3330
|1830= 4335
|1840= 5519
|1850= 8991
|1860= 10115
|1870= 9576
|1880= 10537
|1890= 13757
|1900= 17548
|1910= 19659
|1920= 25688
|1930= 29640
|1940= 30456
|1950= 30551
|1960= 34182
|1970= 31630
|1980= 28842
|1990= 28540
|2000= 25671
|2010= 27620
|2020= 27367
|align-fn=center
|footnote=[https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html U.S. Decennial Census]
}}

==Demographics==
[[File:New London Population.png|thumb|left|Population since 1810]]
{{See also|List of Connecticut locations by per capita income}}

===Recent estimates on demographics and economic status===
According to the 2006–2008 [[American Community Survey]], non-Hispanic [[White American|whites]] made up 54.6% of New London's population. Non-Hispanic [[Black American|blacks]] made up 14.0% of the population. [[Asian American|Asians]] of non-Hispanic origin made up 4.6% of the city's population. [[Multiracial American|Multiracial]] individuals of non-Hispanic origin made up 4.3% of the population; people of mixed black and white ancestry made up 1.7% of the population. In addition, people of mixed black and Native American ancestry made up 1.0% of the population. People of mixed white and Native American ancestry made up 0.7% of the population; those of mixed white and Asian ancestry made up 0.4% of the populace. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanics and Latinos]] made up 21.9% of the population, of which 13.8% were [[Puerto Ricans in the United States|Puerto Rican]].<ref>{{cite web |work=American FactFinder |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US0952280&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on |title=New London city, Connecticut – ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates: 2006–2008 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=October 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200211183117/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US0952280&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on |archive-date=February 11, 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The top five largest [[European American|European]] ancestry groups were [[Italian American|Italian]] (10.5%), [[Irish American|Irish]] (9.7%), [[German American|German]] (7.4%), [[English American|English]] (6.8%) and [[Polish American|Polish]] (5.0%)

According to the survey, 74.4% of people over the age of 5 spoke only English at home. Approximately 16.0% of the population spoke Spanish at home.<ref>{{cite web |work=American FactFinder |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US0952280&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR2&-ds_name=&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false |title=New London city, Connecticut – Selected Social Characteristics in the United States: 2006–2008 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=October 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200211183356/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US0952280&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR2&-ds_name=&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false |archive-date=February 11, 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2012, the population reached 27,700. The median household income was $44,100, with 20% of the population below the poverty line.

===2000 census===
As of the census<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website |df=mdy }}</ref> of 2000, there were 25,671 people, 10,181 households, and 5,385 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|4635.5|/sqmi|/km2}}. There were 11,560 housing units at an average density of {{convert|2087.4|/sqmi|/km2}}. The racial makeup of the city was 63.5% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 19.7% [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race, 18.6% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.9% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.1% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.1% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 9.1% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 5.7% from two or more races.

There were 10,181 households, out of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.4% were married couples living together, 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.1% were non-families. 37.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 17.6% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 17.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,809, and the median income for a family was $38,942. Males had a median income of $31,405 versus $25,426 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,437. About 13.4% of families and 15.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.5% of those under age 18 and 11.4% of those age 65 or over.

==Arts and culture==
[[File:Monte Cristo Cottage.jpg|alt=Monte Cristo Cottage in New London, CT|thumb|Monte Cristo Cottage, boyhood home of Eugene O'Neill]]

===Eugene O'Neill===
Nobel laureate and Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright [[Eugene O'Neill]] (1888–1953) lived in New London and wrote several plays in the city. An O'Neill archive is located at [[Connecticut College]], and the family home, [[Monte Cristo Cottage]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theoneill.org/monte-cristo-cottage|website=theoneill.com|title=Monte Cristo Cottage}}</ref> is a museum and national historic landmark operated by the [[Eugene O'Neill Theater Center]].

===Music===
Notable artists and ensembles include:
* Eastern Connecticut Symphony Orchestra, founded in 1946 and led by [[Toshiyuki Shimada]], who is also conductor of the [[Yale Symphony Orchestra]] in New Haven.
* [[The Idlers]] of the [[United States Coast Guard Academy]], an all-male vocal group specializing in [[sea shanty|sea shanties]] and patriotic music.
* [[Service bands#Coast Guard Band|United States Coast Guard Band]], founded in 1925 with the assistance of [[John Philip Sousa]]. Stationed at the [[United States Coast Guard Academy]] and attracting talented musicians from all parts of the country, the band is the official musical representative of [[United States Coast Guard#History|the nation's oldest continuous seagoing service]].
* [[The Can Kickers]], a [[folk punk]] band.

===Sites of interest===
{{see also|National Register of Historic Places listings in New London County, Connecticut}}
[[File:Garde Arts Center New London from southwest.jpg|thumb|right|The Garde Arts Center in 2013]]
[[File:Lyman Allyn Art Museum Front Facade.jpg|thumb|right|Lyman Allyn Art Museum, designed by [[Charles A. Platt]]]]

* [[Lyman Allyn Art Museum]]
* Ocean Beach Park<ref>[http://www.ocean-beach-park.com/ Ocean Beach Park]</ref>
* New London County Historical Society, [[Shaw-Perkins Mansion]] (1758)<ref>[http://www.newlondonhistory.org/ New London Historical Society]</ref>
* New London Maritime Society, U.S. Custom House (1833),<ref>[http://www.nlmaritimesociety.org/ New London Maritime Society]</ref> landing site of ''Amistad'' (1839)
* [[Fishers Island]] (7 miles off the coast of New London, but part of New York)<ref>[[Fishers Island]]</ref>
* [[Connecticut College Arboretum]]
* [[Fort Griswold]] (Groton)
* [[Fort Trumbull]]
* [[United States Coast Guard Academy]]
* [[Coast Guard Station New London]]
* Flock Theatre<ref>[http://www.flocktheatre.org Flock Theatre]</ref>
* [[Garde Arts Center]]<ref>[http://www.gardearts.org/ Garde Arts Center]</ref>
* Hygienic Arts Gallery<ref>[http://hygienic.org Hygienic Arts]</ref>
* [[Joshua Hempsted House]] (1678)<ref>[http://www.ctlandmarks.org/hempsted.php Joshua Hempsted House] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703214001/http://ctlandmarks.org/hempsted.php |date=July 3, 2008 }} Connecticut Landmarks</ref>
* Monte Cristo Cottage & [[Eugene O'Neill Theater Center]] (Waterford)<ref>[http://www.theoneill.org/ Eugene O'Neill Theater Center]</ref>
* [[USS Nautilus (SSN-571)|USS ''Nautilus'']] (Groton)
* [[Ye Antientist Burial Ground, New London|Ye Antientist Burial Ground]]
* [[Winthrop Mill]] (1650)
* Former Second Congregational Church (1870)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Morrison|first1=Betty Urban|title=The Church on the Hill: A history of the Second Congregational Church, New London, Connecticut 1835-1985|date=1985|publisher=Second Congregational Church|location=New London, Connecticut|page=17}}</ref>
* The Pequot Chapel (1872)

==Government==
[[File:Municipal Building New London from west.jpg|thumb|right|Municipal Building on State Street in New London (2013)]]
In 2010, New London changed their form of government from council-manager to strong mayor-council after a charter revision.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.courant.com/2011-11-08/news/hc-new-london-finizio-1105-20111105_1_revision-six-candidates-charter|title=New Face Stirs Up Historic New London Election|work=tribunedigital-thecourant|access-date=2017-11-21|language=en}}</ref> Distinct town and city government structures formerly existed and technically continue; however, they now govern exactly the same territory and have elections on the same ballot on [[Election Day (United States)|Election Day]] in November.

==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
[[File:New London Union Station.JPG|thumb|right|[[New London Union Station]], designed by H.H. Richardson]]

Downtown New London is served by regional [[Southeast Area Transit]] buses, the [[Estuary Transit District]] public transit service between the New London transportation center and Old Saybrook, and interstate [[Greyhound Lines]] buses. [[Interstate 95 in Connecticut|Interstate 95]] passes through New London.

New London has frequent passenger rail service. [[New London Union Station]] is served by Amtrak's [[Northeast Regional]] and [[Acela Express]] regional rail services, plus [[Shore Line East]] (SLE) commuter rail service. The [[Providence & Worcester Railroad]] and the [[New England Central Railroad]] handle freight.

The city is also served by [[Cross Sound Ferry]] to [[Long Island]], the [[Fishers Island]] Ferry District, and the [[Block Island]] Express ferry. New London is also visited by cruise ships.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Howard |first1=Lee |title=Cruise ships returning to New London |url=https://www.theday.com/article/20130907/BIZ02/309079965 |access-date=28 August 2018 |work=The Day |date=September 7, 2013}}</ref>

The [[Groton-New London Airport]], a [[general aviation]] facility, is located in [[Groton, Connecticut|Groton]]. Scheduled commercial flights are available at [[T. F. Green Airport|T. F. Green]] and the much smaller [[Tweed New Haven Regional Airport]]. The larger [[Bradley International Airport]] is 75 minutes driving time.

==Mayors of New London==
Notable mayors include:
{{colbegin}}
*[[Richard Law (judge)|Richard Law]] (1784–1806)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Marshall|first=Benjamin Tinkham|title=A Modern History of New London County, Connecticut, Volume 1|publisher=Lewis Historical Publishing Company|year=1922|location=New London, Connecticut|pages=238}}</ref>
*[[Elias Perkins]] (1829–1832)<ref name=":0" />
*[[Noyes Billings]] (1835–1837)<ref name=":0" />
*[[John Perkins Cushing Mather]] (1845–1850)<ref name=":0" />
*[[Hiram Willey]] (1862–1865)<ref name=":0" />
*[[Augustus Brandegee]] (1871–1873)<ref name=":0" />
*[[Thomas M. Waller]] (1873–1879)<ref name=":0" />
*[[Bryan F. Mahan]] (1903–1906)<ref name=":0" />
*[[Bryan F. Mahan]] (1909–1915)<ref name=":0" />
*[[Ernest E. Rogers]] (1915–1918)<ref name=":0" />
{{colend}}

==Notable people==
[[File:Harry-K-Daghlian.gif|thumb|right|upright|Harry Daghlian, a New London native who was the first person to die as the result of a radioactive [[criticality accident]]. A small memorial to Daghlian sits in a New London park.]]


{{div col}}
* [[Eliphalet Adams]] (1677–1753), clergyman
* [[Theresa Andrews]] (born 1962), winner of two Olympic gold medals
* [[Peter C. Assersen]] (1839–1906), [[Rear Admiral]] in the [[United States Navy]]
* [[James Avery (American colonist)|James Avery]] (1620–1700), politician and military commander
* [[Valerie Azlynn]] (born 1980), actress
* [[Gaten Matarazzo]] (born 2002), actor
* [[Scott Barlow (baseball)|Scott Barlow]], professional Baseball Pitcher for the [[Kansas City Royals]]
* [[Nathan Belcher]] (1813–1891), congressman
* [[Augustus Brandegee]] (1828–1904), judge, congressman, abolitionist
* [[Frank B. Brandegee]] (1864–1924), congressman and senator
* [[Amy Brenneman]] (born 1964), actress
* [[Henry Burbeck]] (1754–1848), brigadier general
* [[Daniel Burrows]] (1756–1858), congressman
* [[John Button (soldier)]] (1772–1861), American-born Upper Canada settler (founder of [[Buttonville, Ontario]]), sedentary [[Canadian militia]] officer and founder of the 1st York Light Dragoons
* [[William Colfax]], soldier and settler
* [[Frances Manwaring Caulkins]] (1795–1869), historian, genealogist, author
* [[Thomas Humphrey Cushing]] (1755–1822), brigadier general in the War of 1812 and collector of customs
* [[John M. K. Davis]], U.S. Army brigadier general; lived in New London during his retirement<ref>{{cite news |date=December 28, 1917 |title=Mrs. John H. K. Davis |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105790193/mrs-davis/ |work=[[Hartford Courant]] |location=Hartford, CT |page=8 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
* [[Harry Daghlian]] (1921–1945), physicist at [[Los Alamos National Lab]], first person to die as a result of a criticality accident
* [[A. J. Dillon]] (born 1998), [[American football]] [[running back]]
* [[David Dorfman (choreographer)|David Dorfman]] (born 1955), choreographer
* [[Richard Douglass]] (1746–1828), cooper and soldier
* [[Grace L. Drake]], Ohio state legislator
* [[Doug DuBose]] (born 1964), NFL player
* [[Kris Dunn]] (born 1994), point guard for the [[Chicago Bulls]]
* [[Larry Elgart]] (born 1922), musician
* [[John Ellis (baseball)|John Ellis]] (born 1948), baseball player
* [[Elsie Ferguson]] (1883–1961), stage and film actress
* [[Richard P. Freeman]] (1869–1944), congressman
* [[William Goddard (publisher)]] (1740–1817), Co-founded US Post Office with Benjamin Franklin
* [[L. Patrick Gray]] (1916–2005), lawyer and [[Watergate]] figure
* [[Nathan Hale]] (1755–1776), schoolmaster and patriot
* [[Doc Hammer]] (born 1967), multimedium artist and co-creator of the [[Venture Brothers]]
* [[Matt Harvey]] (born 1989), MLB pitcher for the [[Cincinnati Reds]]
* [[Glenne Headly]] (1955–2017), actress
* [[Barkley L. Hendricks]] (born 1945), painter
* [[Jedediah Huntington]] (1743–1818), Revolutionary War General and New London Customs Collector
* [[Linda Jaivin]] (born 1955), Australian author<ref>[http://www.lindajaivin.com.au/bio.html Bio], Linda Jaivin's web site</ref>
* [[Sarah Kemble Knight]] (1666–1727), diarist, teacher and businesswoman
* [[Madeline Kripke]] (1943–2020), book collector
* [[John Law (congressman)|John Law]] (1796–1873), congressman
* [[Bryan F. Mahan]] (1856–1923), congressman
* [[Richard Mansfield]] (1857–1907), actor
* [[John McCain]] (1936–2018), senator and [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] presidential nominee (lived in New London as a child when his father, [[John S. McCain, Jr.]], worked at the naval submarine base)
* [[Thomas Minor]] (1608–1690), founder and early New England diarist
* [[Casey Neistat]] (born 1981), filmmaker
* [[James R. Newby|James R Newby]] (born 1844), was a Civil War veteran who served in the first regiment of volunteer African Americans in the United States and a 19th-century African-American missionary to present-day Nigeria, Cameroon, and Liberia<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Prodigal Continent and her Prodigal Son|last=McHardie, Allan|first=Elizabeth, Andrew|publisher=London: Morgan & Scott|year=1885}}</ref>
* [[Hannah Ocuish]] (1774–1786), believed to be the youngest person executed in the United States
* [[James O'Neill (actor, born 1847)|James O'Neill]] (1847–1920), actor, father of Eugene O'Neill
* [[Eugene O'Neill]] (1888–1953), playwright
* [[Walter Palmer (Puritan)|Walter Palmer]] (1585–1661), founder
* [[Elias Perkins]] (1767–1845), congressman
* [[Mary Philips]] (1901–1975), actress
* [[Edward Clark Potter]] (1857–1923), sculptor
* [[Ellen Culver Potter]] (1871–1958), physician, public health official
* [[Renee Prahar]] (1879–1962), sculptor
* [[Art Quimby]] (1933–2010), basketball player
* [[Jordan Reed]] (born 1990), [[tight end]] for the [[Washington Redskins]]
* [[Tim Riordan]] (born 1960), gridiron football player
* [[Dawn Robinson]] (born 1965), singer
* [[Dudley Saltonstall]] (1738–1796), naval officer
* [[Magic Dick|"Magic Dick" Salwitz]] (born 1945), musician
* [[Thomas R. Sargent III]] (1914–2010), [[Vice Admiral]] in the [[United States Coast Guard]]
* [[C. John Satti]] (1895–1968), [[Secretary of the State of Connecticut]]
* [[Samuel Seabury (bishop)|Samuel Seabury]] (1729–1796), bishop
* [[Benjamin Stark]] (1820–1898), senator
* [[Sigmund Strochlitz]] (1916–2006), activist and Holocaust survivor
* [[Dana Suesse]] (1909–1987), composer, songwriter, musician
* [[Ron Suresha]], author and editor
* [[Flora M. Vare]], (1874–1962), Pennsylvania State Senator from 1925 to 1928
* [[Cassie Ventura]] (born 1986), singer
* [[John T. Wait]] (1811–1899), former [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] for [[Connecticut]]<ref>{{cite dictionary|url= http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000025|title=Wait, John Turner|dictionary= Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|access-date= October 10, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Thomas M. Waller]] (1839–1924), Mayor of New London and 51st Governor of Connecticut
* [[Mary Way]] (1769–1833), [[Portrait miniature|portrait miniaturist]]
* [[John Winthrop the Younger]] (1606–1676), statesman and founder
* [[Tyson Wheeler]] (born 1975), former [[Denver Nuggets]] basketball player<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theday.com/article/20150320/SPORT08/303209924 |title=Wheeler on Dunn: New London basketball legend talks about legend-to-be |newspaper=The New London Day |date=March 20, 2015 |last=Keefe |first=Gavin |access-date=August 13, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Abisha Woodward]] (1752–1809), early American lighthouse builder<ref name="griswold2012">{{cite book|last1=Griswold|first1=Wick|title=A History of the Connecticut River|date=2012|publisher=The History Press|isbn=978-1609494056|pages=96–97|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5QkbVb6pkeEC&q=%22abisha+woodward%22+lighthouse&pg=PA96|access-date=April 13, 2016}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Connecticut}}
*[[National Register of Historic Places in New London County, Connecticut]]

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{Reflist}}

'''Bibliography'''
*{{cite news |date= May 31, 1919|title= Race Riot at New London Naval Base|last=The Greeneville Daily Sun |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn97065122/1919-05-31/ed-1/seq-1/#|newspaper= The Greeneville Daily Sun |publisher=W.R. Lyon|location=[[Greeneville, Tennessee]]|issn=2475-0174|oclc=37307396|pages=1–4|access-date= July 19, 2019 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Rucker|first1=Walter C. |last2=Upton|first2=James N. | title = Encyclopedia of American Race Riots, Volume 2|year=2007| publisher = [[Greenwood Publishing Group]]| isbn=9780313333026}} - Total pages: 930 
*{{cite book |last=Voogd|first=Jan | title = Race Riots and Resistance: The Red Summer of 1919|year=2008| publisher = Peter Lang| isbn= 9781433100673}} - Total pages: 234 

==External links==
{{Commons category|New London, Connecticut}}
{{Wikivoyage|New London (Connecticut)|New London, Connecticut}}
{{NSRW Poster|New London, Ct.}}
*{{Official website|https://newlondonct.org/}}
*{{Cite Collier's|wstitle=New London|short=x}}

{{Connecticut}}
{{New London County, Connecticut}}
{{New England}}
{{Connecticut county seats}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:New London, Connecticut| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Cities in New London County, Connecticut]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1646]]
[[Category:1646 establishments in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Thames River (Connecticut)]]

Brady Bonds

2023-02-24T12:14:50Z

Sporch: Linkfix

{{refimprove|date=July 2011}}
[[Image:BradyBondFig.png|right|300px|thumb|Stakeholders involved in Brady Bond debt restructuring and transactions. Dollar values on outstanding loans and bonds are illustrative; bonds were rarely issued for less than US$125 million, and lenders frequently accepted either 30–50% losses on face value or reduced interest rates fixed at below-market values.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Brady Plan |publisher=Emerging Markets Traders Association |url=https://www.emta.org/em-background/the-brady-plan/ |accessdate=2023-02-24}}</ref> According to EMTA, a financial industry trade association, most lenders that accepted Brady bonds for outstanding loans were smaller US commercial banks or non-US financial institutions, rather than "major money center banks."<ref name="bradyemta">{{cite web |title=History and Development: Emerging Markets and Brady Plan |url=http://www.emta.org/template.aspx?id=34 |website=www.emta.org |publisher=Trade Association for the Emerging Markets |accessdate=16 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811010303/http://www.emta.org/template.aspx?id=34 |archive-date=11 August 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>]]

'''Brady bonds''' are [[United States dollar|dollar]]-denominated [[Bond (finance)|bonds]], issued mostly by [[Latin America]]n countries in the late 1980s. The bonds were named after [[United States Department of the Treasury|U.S. Treasury]] Secretary [[Nicholas F. Brady|Nicholas Brady]], who proposed a novel debt-reduction agreement for developing countries.

==History==
Brady bonds were created in March 1989 to convert bank loans, mostly in [[Latin America]], into a variety or "menu" of new [[bond (finance)|bonds]] after many countries [[default (finance)|defaulted]] on their debt in the 1980s. At the time, the market for emerging markets' [[sovereign debt]] was small and [[market liquidity|illiquid]], and the standardization of [[emerging markets|emerging-market]] debt facilitated risk-spreading and trading. In exchange for commercial [[bank]] [[loans]], the countries issued new bonds for the [[principal sum]] and, in some cases, unpaid [[interest]]. Because they were tradable and came with some [[guarantees]], they were sometimes more valuable to the creditors than the original bonds.

The key innovation behind the introduction of Brady Bonds was to allow the [[commercial banks]] to exchange their claims on developing countries into tradable instruments, allowing them to get the debt off their [[balance sheet]]s. This reduced the [[concentration risk]] to those banks.

In the second round, creditors converted their existing claims into their choice among the "menu" of options agreed upon in the first round. The penalties for creditors failing to comply with the terms of the deal were never made explicit. Nevertheless, compliance was not an important problem under the Brady Plan. Banks wishing to cease their foreign lending activities tended to choose the exit option under the auspices of the deal.

By offering a "menu" of options, the Brady Plan permitted credit restructurings to be tailored to the heterogeneous preferences of creditors. The terms achieved under the deals indicate that debtors used the menu approach to reduce the cost of debt reduction. Furthermore, it reduced the [[holdout problem]] in which certain shareholders have an incentive not to participate in the restructuring in the hope of getting a better deal.

The principal amount was usually collateralized by specially issued [[Treasury security|US Treasury 30-year zero-coupon bonds]] purchased by the debtor country using a combination of [[International Monetary Fund]], [[World Bank]], and the country's own [[foreign currency reserves]]. Interest payments on Brady bonds, in some cases, are guaranteed by securities of at least double-A-rated [[credit quality]] held with the [[Federal Reserve Bank of New York]].

Countries that participated in the initial round of issuing Brady bonds were [[Argentina]], [[Brazil]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Dominican Republic]], [[Ecuador]], [[Mexico]], [[Morocco]], [[Nigeria]], [[Philippines]], [[Poland]], [[Uruguay]], and [[Venezuela]].

Participating countries were to liberalize their economies in order to qualify for Brady Bonds.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Shadlen|first=Kenneth C.|title=Debt, finance and the IMF: three decades of debt crises in Latin America|date=2005|url=http://www.routledgereference.com/|work=South America, Central America and the Caribbean 2004|pages=8–12|place=London, UK|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-85743-188-9|access-date=2021-03-29}}</ref>

The Brady Bonds were credited for resolving the [[Latin American debt crisis]], but did not prevent future looming debt crises.<ref name=":0" />

==Types==
There were two main types of Brady bonds:
*''Par bonds'' were issued to the same value as the original loan, but the coupon on the bonds is below market rate; principal and interest payments are usually guaranteed.
*''Discount bonds'' were issued at a discount to the original value of the loan, but the coupon is at market rate; principal and interest payments are usually guaranteed.

Other, less common, types include ''front-loaded interest-reduction bonds'' (FLIRB), ''new-money bonds'', ''debt-conversion bonds'' (DCB), and ''past-due interest bonds'' (PDI). Brady Bond negotiations generally involved some form of "[[haircut (finance)|haircut]]." In other words, the value of the bonds resulting from the restructurings was less than the [[face value]] of the claims before the restructurings.

Guarantees attached to Brady bonds included [[collateral (finance)|collateral]] to guarantee the principal, rolling interest guarantees, and [[value recovery]] rights. Not all Brady bonds would necessarily have all those forms of guarantee, and the specifics would vary from issuance to issuance.

==Current status==
Although the Brady bond process ended during the 1990s, many of the innovations introduced in these restructurings ([[call option]]s embedded in the bonds, "stepped" coupons, pars and discounts) were retained in the later sovereign restructurings in, for example, [[Russia]] and [[Ecuador]]. The latter country, in 1999, became the first country to default on its Brady bonds. In 2003, [[Mexico]] became the first country to retire its Brady debt. The [[Philippines]] bought back all of its Brady bonds in May 2007, joining [[Colombia]], [[Brazil]], [[Venezuela]], and [[Mexico]] as countries that have retired the bonds.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chung|first=Joanna|date=26 February 2006|title=Brady bonds shrinking fast|url=https://www.ft.com/content/4225f910-a6ed-11da-b12c-0000779e2340|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-29|website=www.ft.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105094224/https://www.ft.com/content/4225f910-a6ed-11da-b12c-0000779e2340 |archive-date=2021-11-05 }}</ref>{{Additional citation needed|date=March 2021}}

==See also==
* [[Debt]]
* [[Debt relief]]
* [[Sovereign default]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051013041344/http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/js477.htm Treasury press release on Mexico retiring its Brady bonds]
* [http://www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2003/061203a.htm IMF press release on Mexico retiring its Brady bonds]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/the_economy/435667.stm BBC story on Ecuadorean default]
* [http://www.frbsf.org/econrsrch/wklyltr/el96-24.html Collective Action Difficulties in Foreign Lending: Banks and Bonds (FRBSF)]

[[Category:1989 in international relations]]
[[Category:Bonds in foreign currencies]]
[[Category:Economic history of the United States]]
[[Category:Government bonds]]
[[Category:History of the foreign relations of the United States]]

Avenue A (Manhattan)

2023-01-17T14:21:55Z

Sporch: Linkfix

{{short description|Avenue in Manhattan, New York}}
{{Infobox street
| name = Avenue A
| native_name =
| marker_image =
| image = File:Tompkins Square Park.JPG
| image_size = 300px
| caption = [[Tompkins Square Park]] lines Avenue A between East Seventh Street and East 10th Street.
| image_map = {{maplink-road}}
| other_name =
| former_names =
| postal_code =
| addresses =
| length_mi = 1.1
| length_ft =
| length_km =
| length_ref = <ref name="google maps">{{google maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Essex+St,+New+York,+NY+10002/E+14th+St,+New+York,+NY/@40.7368909,-73.9960537,18z/data=!4m8!4m7!1m2!1m1!1s0x89c25980d9e5e40b:0x6c9bcbd159926676!1m2!1m1!1s0x89c2599e1f65b675:0x706c1f3228857135!3e2 |access-date=December 1, 2015}}</ref>
| width =
| location = [[Manhattan]], [[New York City]]
| client =
| owner = [[City of New York]]
| maint = [[NYCDOT]]
| coordinates =
| direction_a = South
| terminus_a = [[Houston Street|Houston]]
| junction =
| direction_b = North
| terminus_b = [[14th Street (Manhattan)|14th Street]]
| commissioning_date = [[Commissioners' Plan of 1811|March 1811]]
| construction_start_date =
| completion_date =
| inauguration_date =
| demolition_date =
| east = [[Avenue B (Manhattan)|Avenue B]]
| west = [[First Avenue (Manhattan)|First Avenue]]
}}

'''Avenue A''' is a north–south avenue located in [[Manhattan]], [[New York City]], east of [[First Avenue (Manhattan)|First Avenue]] and west of [[Avenue B (Manhattan)|Avenue B]]. It runs from [[Houston Street]] to [[14th Street (Manhattan)|14th Street]], where it continues into a loop road in [[Stuyvesant Town]], connecting to [[Avenue B (Manhattan)|Avenue B]]. Below Houston Street, Avenue A continues as [[Essex Street]].

It is considered to be the western border of [[Alphabet City, Manhattan|Alphabet City]] in the [[East Village, Manhattan|East Village]]. It is also the western border of [[Tompkins Square Park]].

=={{Anchor|History}}Sections==
Under the [[Commissioners' Plan of 1811]] that established the Manhattan street grid, the avenues would begin with [[First Avenue (Manhattan)|First Avenue]] on the east side and run through [[Twelfth Avenue (Manhattan)|Twelfth Avenue]] in the west. East of First Avenue the plan provided four additional lettered avenues running from Avenue A eastward to [[Avenue D (Manhattan)|Avenue D]] wherever they could be fitted.<ref>[http://www.library.cornell.edu/Reps/DOCS/nyc1811.htm REMARKS OF THE COMMISSIONERS FOR LAYING OUT STREETS AND ROADS IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, UNDER THE ACT OF APRIL 3, 1807] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610165318/http://www.library.cornell.edu/Reps/DOCS/nyc1811.htm |date=June 10, 2007 }}, accessed May 2, 2007. "The avenues to the eastward of number one are marked A, B, C, and D."</ref>

While First Avenue was the easternmost avenue in most of Manhattan, several discontinuous sections were designated as ''Avenue A'' north of present-day Alphabet City.

[[File:Asser Levy Recreation Center.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Asser Levy Place entrance to the [[Asser Levy Public Baths]]]]

===Asser Levy Place===
{{See also|Asser Levy Recreation Center}}

A short section of Avenue A from 23rd to 25th Streets in [[Kips Bay, Manhattan]], was cut off from the existing section in 1947 with the construction of [[Peter Cooper Village—Stuyvesant Town|Stuyvesant Town and Peter Cooper Village]]. The two-block section was renamed in 1954 after [[Asser Levy]], one of the first [[Judaism|Jewish]] citizens of New York City, and a strong and influential advocate for [[civil liberties]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/68122916/|title=Street Named For Asser Levy|date=February 23, 1955|work=New York Daily News|access-date=January 21, 2021|page=44|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=February 23, 1955|title=Honors Jewish Pioneer; City Renames Northern End of Avenue a for Asser Levy|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1955/02/23/88128252.pdf|page=23|access-date=January 21, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The eastern side of Asser Levy Place contains the [[Asser Levy Recreation Center]],<ref name=Forgotten/><ref>[http://www.nycgovparks.org/facilities/recreationcenters/M164 NYC Parks: Asser Levy Recreation Center]</ref> which includes the [[Asser Levy Public Baths]], built in 1905-08.<ref>[http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/asserlevy/highlights/6418 "Asser Levy Recreation Center, Pool and Playground"] on the [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]] website. Accessed:2011-02-17</ref><ref>{{cite nycland}}, p.88</ref>

Asser Levy Place closed in October 2013 to become part of the Recreation Center<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20131023/kips-bay/asser-levy-place-close-permanently-make-way-for-park|title=Asser Levy Place to Close Permanently to Make Way for Park|work=DNA Info|date=2013-10-23|access-date=2014-08-23|author=Heather Holland|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120811/http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20131023/kips-bay/asser-levy-place-close-permanently-make-way-for-park|archive-date=2014-08-26}}</ref> The park now contains concrete Ping-Pong tables, a track and field, exercise equipment, and painted children's games such as hopscotch. It is being built by [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]] to replace the western end of the [[Robert Moses Playground]] at [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42nd Street]] and [[FDR Drive]] being sold to the [[United Nations]], in preparation for a future [[East River Greenway]] phase on the FDR Drive, underneath the [[United Nations headquarters]] between East 38th and 60th Streets.<ref name="Holland 2013">{{cite web|last=Holland|first=Heather|date=October 23, 2013|title=Asser Levy Place to Close Permanently to Make Way for Park|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20131023/kips-bay/asser-levy-place-close-permanently-make-way-for-park|access-date=January 19, 2021|website=DNAinfo New York|archive-date=January 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120203621/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20131023/kips-bay/asser-levy-place-close-permanently-make-way-for-park/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="nyt20110930">{{Cite news|last=Foderaro|first=Lisa W.|date=September 30, 2011|title=Land Deal With U.N. Would Fill a Big Gap in the Waterfront Greenway|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/30/nyregion/united-nations-and-new-york-city-seek-land-deal.html|url-status=live|access-date=January 19, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

{{clear left}}

[[File:AvenueA2.jpg|thumb|250px|Avenue A and East [[7th Street (Manhattan)|7th Street]], midnight]]
[[File:Avenue A Manhattan.jpg|thumb|250px|Avenue A from East [[5th Street (Manhattan)|5th Street]], noon]]

===Beekman Place===
{{Main|Beekman Place}}

Beekman Place, located at the [[headquarters of the United Nations]], runs as a short street between Mitchell Place/49th Street and 51st Street. Though not part of the original Avenue A in the 1811 plan, it is named after the Beekman family (members of whom include [[Wilhelmus Beekman]], whose namesakes also include downtown's Beekman Street and [[William Street (Manhattan)|William Street]]), who were influential in New York City's development.<ref>{{cite book|last=Aitken|first=William Benford|title=Distinguished Families In America: Descended From Wilhelmus Beekman And Jan Thomasse Van Dyke|url=https://archive.org/details/ldpd_5684818_000|access-date=2009-08-22|year=1912|publisher=The Knickerbocker Press}}</ref>

===Sutton Place and York Avenue===
{{Main|York Avenue / Sutton Place}}
[[Sutton Place, Manhattan|Sutton Place]] was also formerly designated as Avenue A; in its original length it ran between East 53rd and 92nd Streets. Effingham B. Sutton constructed a group of brownstones in 1875 between 57th and 58th Streets, and is said to have lent the street his name, though the earliest source found by ''[[The New York Times]]'' dates back to 1883. The [[New York City Council|New York City Board of Aldermen]] approved a petition to change the name from "Avenue A" to "Sutton Place", covering the blocks between 57th and 60th Streets.<ref>Senft, Bret. [https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/12/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-sutton-place-riverside-enclave-for-well.html "If You're Thinking of Living In/Sutton Place; A Riverside Enclave for the Well-to-Do"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', June 12, 1994. Accessed December 27, 2007.</ref><ref name="query.nytimes.com">Gray, Christopher. [https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/21/realestate/streetscapes-sutton-place-sutton-place-south-one-sutton-place-north-prestigious.html " Streetscapes/Sutton Place, Sutton Place South and One Sutton Place North; A Prestigious Enclave With a Name in Question"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', September 21, 2003. Accessed December 27, 2007.</ref>

In 1928, a one-block section of Sutton Place north of East 59th Street, and all of Avenue A north of that point, was renamed [[York Avenue]] in honor of World War One US Army Sergeant [[Alvin York]], who won the [[Medal of Honor]] for an attack in the [[Meuse-Argonne Offensive]] on October 8, 1918.<ref name="query.nytimes.com" /><ref>Pollak, Michael. [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/07/nyregion/thecity/07fyi.html "F. Y. I."], ''[[The New York Times]]'', August 7, 2005. Accessed October 16, 2007. "In 1928, Sutton Place from 59th to 60th Street, and Avenue A north of 60th, were renamed York Avenue in honor of Sgt. Alvin C. York (1887-1964), a World War I hero from Tennessee and a recipient of the Medal of Honor."</ref> This section is the only former section of Avenue A to still use the Avenue A address system (as it only has four-digit building numbers).

===Pleasant Avenue===
{{Main|Pleasant Avenue}}

The northernmost section of Avenue A, stretching between East 114th and 120th Streets in [[East Harlem]], was renamed Pleasant Avenue in 1879.<ref name=Forgotten>[https://forgotten-ny.com/2001/07/de-classified-4-a/ De-Classified 4-A], Forgotten NY. Accessed January 17, 2023.</ref><ref>Pollak, Michael. [https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/12/nyregion/thecity/12fyi.html F.Y.I. - They Hear Dead People"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', December 12, 2004. Accessed January 1, 2008.</ref> The addresses on Pleasant Avenue are not continuous with those on Avenue A (which would be in the 2000-series if they were continuous).

==See also==
On the same position on the Manhattan street grid:
* [[Essex Street]], Lower East Side

Other lettered avenues in Alphabet City, Manhattan:
*[[Avenue B (Manhattan)]]
*[[Avenue C (Manhattan)]]
*[[Avenue D (Manhattan)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Avenue A (Manhattan)}}
* [http://www.nysonglines.com/ava.htm New York Songlines: Avenue A], a virtual walking tour
* [http://www.eastharlemgiglio.com/ East Harlem Giglio Society]

{{East Village, Manhattan}}
{{Streets of Manhattan}}
{{Attached KML|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Avenue A (Manhattan)}}
[[Category:East Village, Manhattan]]
[[Category:Italian-American culture in New York City]]
[[Category:Streets in Manhattan|*A]]

Template:Dorchester County, South Carolina

2022-12-27T15:22:40Z

Sporch: Unused dot removed

{{US county navigation box
| template_name = Dorchester County, South Carolina
| listclass = hlist
| county = Dorchester County
| state = South Carolina
| map_image = Map of South Carolina highlighting Dorchester County.svg
| map_caption = Map of South Carolina highlighting Dorchester County
| seat = St. George

| title1 = [[City]]
| body1 =
* [[North Charleston, South Carolina|North Charleston]]‡

| title2 = [[Town]]s
| body2 =
* [[Harleyville, South Carolina|Harleyville]]
* [[Lincolnville, South Carolina|Lincolnville]]‡
* [[Reevesville, South Carolina|Reevesville]]
* [[Ridgeville, South Carolina|Ridgeville]]
* [[St. George, South Carolina|St. George]]
* [[Summerville, South Carolina|Summerville]]‡

| title3 = [[Census-designated place|CDP]]
| body3 =
* [[Grover, South Carolina|Grover]]

| title4 = [[Ghost town]]
| body4 =
* [[Dorchester, South Carolina|Dorchester]]

| title5 = Footnotes
| body5 = ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties

}}<noinclude>
[[Category:South Carolina county navigational boxes]]
[[Category:Dorchester County, South Carolina| ]]

</noinclude>

Upstate South Carolina

2022-12-25T21:51:12Z

Sporch: /* Corporations based in or with a major presence in the Upstate */ inappropriate link replaced

{{redirect|The Upstate|the area in New York State |Upstate New York}}{{Use American English|date = September 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date = September 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Greenville CSA
| official_name = Greenville–Spartanburg–Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area
| settlement_type = [[List of Combined Statistical Areas|CSA]]
| image_skyline = <gallery mode=packed heights=140 style="line-height:130%">
File:DowntownGreenvilleSC.jpg|Greenville
File:Fountain at Morgan Square, Spartanburg, SC IMG 4821.JPG|Spartanburg
</gallery>
| imagesize = 300px
| image_map = Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson CSA.png
| map_caption = Location of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson CSA, which coincides with Upstate South Carolina except for Abbeville County, and its components:
{{legend|#FF0000|Greenville–Anderson Metropolitan Statistical Area}}
{{legend|#0000FF|Spartanburg Metropolitan Statistical Area}}
{{legend|#FFFF00|Seneca Micropolitan Statistical Area}}
{{legend|#00FF00|Greenwood Micropolitan Statistical Area}}
{{legend|#FF00FF|Gaffney Micropolitan Statistical Area}}
{{legend|#00FFFF|Union Micropolitan Statistical Area}}
| mapsize =
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| image_caption =
| map_caption1 =
| image_dot_map =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_mapsize =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|23px]] United States
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[File:Flag of South Carolina.svg|23px]] [[South Carolina]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 = Principal cities
| subdivision_name3 = [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville]] [[Spartanburg, South Carolina|Spartanburg]] [[Anderson, South Carolina|Anderson]] [[Mauldin, South Carolina|Mauldin]] [[Easley, South Carolina|Easley]]
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| government_footnotes =
| government_type =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = 
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 =
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| established_date =
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| area_magnitude =
| unit_pref = US
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 
| area_land_km2 = 
| area_water_km2 =
| area_total_sq_mi = 6168
| area_land_sq_mi = 6008
| area_water_sq_mi = 141
| area_water_percent = 2.2
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_blank1_title =
| area_blank2_title =
| area_blank2_sq_mi =
| population_as_of = [[United States Census Bureau|2014]]
| population_footnotes =
| population_note =
| population_total =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_metro =
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| population_density_metro_sq_mi =
| population_urban =
| population_density_urban_km2 =
| population_density_urban_sq_mi =
| population_blank1_title =
| population_blank1 =
| population_blank2_title = [[Combined Statistical Area|CSA]]
| population_blank2 = 1,409,582<ref>{{cite web|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 – United States -- Combined Statistical Area; and for Puerto Rico|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=PEP_2014_PEPANNRES&prodType=table|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=2016-01-07|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214061030/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=PEP_2014_PEPANNRES&prodType=table|archive-date=February 14, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[List of United States Combined Statistical Areas|(40th)]]
| population_density_blank1_km2 =
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
| timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset = −5
| timezone_DST = [[Eastern Time Zone|EDT]]
| utc_offset_DST = −4
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft =
| postal_code_type = Zip codes
| postal_code =
| area_code = 864
}}
[[File:Upstate South Carolina.png|thumb|right|250px|Map of South Carolina highlighting "The Upstate" region.]]

'''The Upstate''' is the region in the westernmost part of [[South Carolina]], United States, also known as '''the Upcountry''',<ref>Hollis, Daniel Walker, ''University of South Carolina, Volume I, South Carolina College'', 1951, Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, p 342</ref> which is the historical term. Although loosely defined among locals, the general definition includes the 10 counties of the commerce-rich [[I-85 corridor]] in the northwest corner of South Carolina. This definition coincided with the Greenville–Spartanburg–Anderson, SC [[combined statistical area]], as first defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in 2015. In 2018, the OMB redefined the CSA such that it no longer included Abbeville County. That definition remains as of 2020.<ref name=OMB_20-01>{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bulletin-20-01.pdf|title=OMB Bulletin No. 20-01, Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of Delineations of These Areas|publisher=[[United States]] [[Office of Management and Budget]]|date=March 6, 2020|access-date=April 25, 2020}}</ref> The region's population was 1,347,112 as of 2016. Situated between [[Atlanta]] and [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]], the Upstate is the geographical center of the [[Charlanta|Charlanta megaregion]]. After [[BMW]]'s initial investment, foreign companies, including others from Germany, have a substantial presence in the Upstate; several large corporations have established regional, national, or continental headquarters in the area. [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville]] is the largest city in the region with a population of 72,227 and an urban-area population of 400,492, and it is the base of most commercial activity. [[Spartanburg, South Carolina|Spartanburg]] and [[Anderson, South Carolina|Anderson]] are next in population.

== Counties ==
Ten counties are included in the Upstate of South Carolina: [[Greenville County, South Carolina|Greenville]], [[Spartanburg County, South Carolina|Spartanburg]], [[Anderson County, South Carolina|Anderson]], [[Pickens County, South Carolina|Pickens]], [[Oconee County, South Carolina|Oconee]], [[Greenwood County, South Carolina|Greenwood]], [[Laurens County, South Carolina|Laurens]], [[Cherokee County, South Carolina|Cherokee]], [[Union County, South Carolina|Union]], [[Abbeville County, South Carolina|Abbeville]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+<big>Upstate South Carolina</big> 
|-
! County
! 2021 Estimate
! 2020 Census
! Change
|-
|[[Greenville County, South Carolina|Greenville County]]
| {{change|invert=on|533834|525534|date=July 1, 2021}}
|-
|[[Spartanburg County, South Carolina|Spartanburg County]]
| {{change|invert=on|335864|327997|date=July 1, 2021}}
|-
|[[Anderson County, South Carolina|Anderson County]]
| {{change|invert=on|206908|203718|date=July 1, 2021}}
|-
|[[Pickens County, South Carolina|Pickens County]]
| {{change|invert=on|132229|131404|date=July 1, 2021}}
|-
|[[Oconee County, South Carolina|Oconee County]]
| {{change|invert=on|79203|78607|date=July 1, 2021}}
|-
|[[Greenwood County, South Carolina|Greenwood County]]
| {{change|invert=on|69241|69351|date=July 1, 2021}}
|-
|[[Laurens County, South Carolina|Laurens County]]
| {{change|invert=on|67803|67539|date=July 1, 2021}}
|-
|[[Cherokee County, South Carolina|Cherokee County]]
| {{change|invert=on|56052|56216|date=July 1, 2021}}
|-
|[[Union County, South Carolina|Union County]]
| {{change|invert=on|27016|27244|date=July 1, 2021}}
|-
|[[Abbeville County, South Carolina|Abbeville County]]
| {{change|invert=on|24299|24295|date=July 1, 2021}}
|-class=sortbottom
| align=right | '''Total'''
| {{change|invert=on|1532449|1511905|bold=on|date=July 1, 2021}}
|}

== Metropolitan, micropolitan, and combined statistical areas ==
As of 2018, the Greenville–Spartanburg–Anderson CSA includes all counties in the Upstate except for Abbeville County. Within the CSA are a total of two [[metropolitan statistical area]]s and four [[micropolitan statistical area]]s.<ref name=OMB_20-01/>

As of the 2010 Census, the Greenville–Spartanburg–Anderson CSA had a population of 1,362,073.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!MSA!!County!!Population (2010)
|-
|[[Greenville metropolitan area, South Carolina|Greenville–Anderson]]||[[Greenville County, South Carolina|Greenville]], [[Anderson County, South Carolina|Anderson]], [[Pickens County, South Carolina|Pickens]], [[Laurens County, South Carolina|Laurens]]||824,112
|-
|[[Spartanburg, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area|Spartanburg]]||[[Spartanburg County, South Carolina|Spartanburg]]||340,000
|-class="sortbottom"
|||'''Total:'''||'''1,108,419'''
|}

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!μSA!!County!!Population (2010)
|-
|[[Seneca, South Carolina|Seneca]]||[[Oconee County, South Carolina|Oconee]]||74,273
|-
|[[Greenwood, South Carolina|Greenwood]]||[[Greenwood County, South Carolina|Greenwood]]||69,661
|-
|[[Gaffney, South Carolina|Gaffney]]||[[Cherokee County, South Carolina|Cherokee]]||55,342
|-
|[[Union, South Carolina|Union]]||[[Union County, South Carolina|Union]]||28,961
|-class="sortbottom"
|||'''Total:'''||'''228,237'''
|}

== Communities ==
The following population rankings are based on the 2010 Census<ref name="2010 Census">See http://factfinder.census.gov for population numbers and for municipality and CDP lists.</ref>

=== Primary cities ===
[[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville]], [[Spartanburg, South Carolina|Spartanburg]], and [[Anderson, South Carolina|Anderson]]

The OMB labels all these cities as [[Principal city|principal cities]] in their respective MSAs.<ref name=OMB_20-01/>

=== Other communities with at least 20,000 residents ===
Cities: [[Greenwood, South Carolina|Greenwood]], [[Greer, South Carolina|Greer]], and [[Mauldin, South Carolina|Mauldin]]

In the 2016 Census population estimate, the cities of [[Easley, South Carolina|Easley]] and [[Simpsonville, South Carolina|Simpsonville]] have populations that exceed 20,000.

The OMB labelled Mauldin and Easley as principal cities from 2015 to 2018.

CDPs: [[Taylors, South Carolina|Taylors]], [[Wade Hampton, South Carolina|Wade Hampton]]

=== Communities with more than 10,000 residents ===
Cities: [[Clemson, South Carolina|Clemson]] and [[Gaffney, South Carolina|Gaffney]].

If students from [[Clemson University]] are included, Clemson has close to 30,000 residents.

CDP's: [[Berea, South Carolina|Berea]], [[Five Forks, Greenville County, South Carolina|Five Forks]], [[Gantt, South Carolina|Gantt]], [[Parker, South Carolina|Parker]]

=== Communities with fewer than 10,000 residents ===
Communities in the Upstate with under 10,000 residents include:

Cities:
{| style="width:100%;"
|- valign=top
| style="width:25%;"|
* [[Abbeville, South Carolina|Abbeville]]
* [[Belton, South Carolina|Belton]]
* [[Chesnee, South Carolina|Chesnee]]
* [[Clinton, South Carolina|Clinton]]
* [[Fountain Inn, South Carolina|Fountain Inn]]
| style="width:25%;"|
* [[Inman, South Carolina|Inman]]
* [[Landrum, South Carolina|Landrum]]
* [[Laurens, South Carolina|Laurens]]
* [[Liberty, South Carolina|Liberty]]
| style="width:25%;"|
* [[Pickens, South Carolina|Pickens]]
* [[Seneca, South Carolina|Seneca]]
* [[Travelers Rest, South Carolina|Travelers Rest]]
* [[Union, South Carolina|Union]]
| style="width:25%;"|
* [[Walhalla, South Carolina|Walhalla]]
* [[Wellford, South Carolina|Wellford]]
* [[Westminster, South Carolina|Westminster]]
* [[Woodruff, South Carolina|Woodruff]]
|}

Towns:
{| style="width:100%;"
|- valign=top
| style="width:25%;"|
* [[Blacksburg, South Carolina|Blacksburg]]
* [[Calhoun Falls, South Carolina|Calhoun Falls]]
* [[Campobello, South Carolina|Campobello]]
* [[Carlisle, South Carolina|Carlisle]]
* [[Central, South Carolina|Central]]
* [[Central Pacolet, South Carolina|Central Pacolet]]
* [[Cowpens, South Carolina|Cowpens]]
* [[Cross Hill, South Carolina|Cross Hill]]
* [[Donalds, South Carolina|Donalds]]
| style="width:25%;"|
* [[Due West, South Carolina|Due West]]
* [[Duncan, South Carolina|Duncan]]
* [[Gray Court, South Carolina|Gray Court]]
* [[Hodges, South Carolina|Hodges]]
* [[Honea Path, South Carolina|Honea Path]]
* [[Iva, South Carolina|Iva]]
* [[Jonesville, South Carolina|Jonesville]]
* [[Lockhart, South Carolina|Lockhart]]
* [[Lowndesville, South Carolina|Lowndesville]]
| style="width:25%;"|
* [[Lyman, South Carolina|Lyman]]
* [[Ninety Six, South Carolina|Ninety Six]]
* [[Norris, South Carolina|Norris]]
* [[Pacolet, South Carolina|Pacolet]]
* [[Pelzer, South Carolina|Pelzer]]
* [[Pendleton, South Carolina|Pendleton]]
* [[Reidville, South Carolina|Reidville]]
* [[Salem, South Carolina|Salem]]
| style="width:25%;"|
* [[Six Mile, South Carolina|Six Mile]]
* [[Starr, South Carolina|Starr]]
* [[Troy, South Carolina|Troy]]
* [[Ware Shoals, South Carolina|Ware Shoals]]
* [[Waterloo, South Carolina|Waterloo]]
* [[West Union, South Carolina|West Union]]
* [[West Pelzer, South Carolina|West Pelzer]]
* [[Williamston, South Carolina|Williamston]]
|}

According to the 2010 Census, no town in the Upstate has a population greater than 6000.

CDPs:
{| style="width:100%;"
|- valign=top
| style="width:25%;"|
* [[Antreville, South Carolina|Antreville]]
* [[Arcadia, South Carolina|Arcadia]]
* [[Arial, South Carolina|Arial]]
* [[Boiling Springs, South Carolina|Boiling Springs]]
* [[Bradley, South Carolina|Bradley]]
* [[Buffalo, South Carolina|Buffalo]]
* [[Centerville, South Carolina|Centerville]]
* [[City View, South Carolina|City View]]
* [[Clifton, South Carolina|Clifton]]
* [[Cokesbury, South Carolina|Cokesbury]]
* [[Converse, South Carolina|Converse]]
* [[Coronaca, South Carolina|Coronaca]]
| style="width:25%;"|
* [[Cross Anchor, South Carolina|Cross Anchor]]
* [[Dunean, South Carolina|Dunean]]
* [[East Gaffney, South Carolina|East Gaffney]]
* [[Enoree, South Carolina|Enoree]]
* [[Fair Play, South Carolina|Fair Play]]
* [[Fairforest, South Carolina|Fairforest]]
* [[Fingerville, South Carolina|Fingerville]]
* [[Glendale, South Carolina|Glendale]]
* [[Golden Grove, South Carolina|Golden Grove]]
* [[Gramling, South Carolina|Gramling]]
* [[Homeland Park, South Carolina|Homeland Park]]
* [[Inman Mills, South Carolina|Inman Mills]]
| style="width:25%;"|
* [[Joanna, South Carolina|Joanna]]
* [[Judson, South Carolina|Judson]]
* [[Lake Secession, South Carolina|Lake Secession]]
* [[Mayo, South Carolina|Mayo]]
* [[Monarch Mill, South Carolina|Monarch Mill]]
* [[Mountville, South Carolina|Mountville]]
* [[Newry, South Carolina|Newry]]
* [[Northlake, South Carolina|Northlake]]
* [[Piedmont, South Carolina|Piedmont]]
* [[Powdersville, South Carolina|Powdersville]]
* [[Princeton, South Carolina|Princeton]]
* [[Promised Land, South Carolina|Promised Land]]
| style="width:25%;"|
* [[Roebuck, South Carolina|Roebuck]]
* [[Sans Souci, South Carolina|Sans Souci]]
* [[Saxon, South Carolina|Saxon]]
* [[Slater-Marietta, South Carolina|Slater-Marietta]]
* [[Southern Shops, South Carolina|Southern Shops]]
* [[Startex, South Carolina|Startex]]
* [[Tigerville, South Carolina|Tigerville]]
* [[Utica, South Carolina|Utica]]
* [[Valley Falls, South Carolina|Valley Falls]]
* [[Ware Place, South Carolina|Ware Place]]
* [[Watts Mills, South Carolina|Watts Mills]]
* [[Welcome, South Carolina|Welcome]]
|}

== Institutions of higher education ==
[[File:Clemson's Memorial Stadium.jpg|alt=|thumb|222x222px|Clemson University Memorial Stadium]]
[[File:Furman University - tower view.JPG|alt=|thumb|222x222px|Furman University Belltower]]
The following table shows the major institutions of higher education in the Upstate.
{| class="wikitable"
| width="250" align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;" |'''Name'''
| width="150" align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;" |'''Type'''
| width="100" align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;" |'''Enrollment'''
|-
| [[Anderson University (South Carolina)|Anderson University]]||Private Senior||2,000
|-
| [[Bob Jones University]]||Private Senior||5,000
|-
| [[Clemson University]]||Public Senior||25,822
|-
| [[Converse College]]||Private Senior||1,938
|-
| [[Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine]] – Carolinas||Private Professional||600
|-
| [[Erskine College]]||Private Senior||750
|-
| [[Furman University]]||Private Senior||2,660
|-
| [[Greenville Technical College]]||Public Technical||14,338
|-
| [[Greenville Presbyterian Theological Seminary]]||Private Professional||
|-
| [[Lander University]]||Public Senior||3,000
|-
| [[Limestone College]]||Private Senior||3,000
|-
| [[North Greenville University]]||Private Senior||2,071
|-
| [[Piedmont Technical College]]||Public Technical||4,600
|-
| [[Presbyterian College]]||Private Senior||1,200
|-
| [[Sherman College of Chiropractic]]||Private Professional||200
|-
| [[Southern Wesleyan University]]||Private Senior||2,414
|-
| [[Spartanburg Methodist College]]||Private Two-Year||797
|-
| [[Spartanburg Community College]]||Public Technical||4,300
|-
| [[Tri-County Technical College]]||Public Technical||6,000
|-
| [http://www.ucgreenville.org/ University Center – Greenville] ||Public Two-Year||N/A
|-
| [[University of South Carolina]] School of Medicine – Greenville||Public Professional||400
|-
| [[University of South Carolina Upstate|University of South Carolina-Upstate]]||Public Senior||4,851
|-
| [[University of South Carolina Union|University of South Carolina-Union]]||Public Two-Year||363
|-
| [[Wofford College]]||Private Senior||1,600
|}

In 2008, ''U.S. News'' ranked Furman as the 37th-best liberal arts college, Wofford College as the 59th-best, and Presbyterian College as the 101st-best.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} Also, they ranked Clemson University as the 67th-best national university.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} According to the Bob Jones University, its Museum and Gallery constitutes the largest collection of religious art in the Western Hemisphere.<ref>[http://www.bjumg.org/ M & G at Bob Jones University]</ref>

== Economy ==
The majority of business and commerce in the Upstate takes place in Greenville County. Greenville has the largest concentration of businesses and financial institutions in its downtown area. In fact, the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson MSA was ranked seventh in the nation by site consultants considering the top markets for economic development. Many financial institutions have regional offices located in downtown Greenville. These include [[Bank of America]] and the now-defunct [[Wachovia]]. Other major industries of commerce in the Upstate include the auto industry, which is concentrated mainly along the corridor between Greenville and Spartanburg around the BMW manufacturing facility in Greer. The other major industry in the Upstate is the healthcare and pharmaceuticals. Greenville Hospital System and Bon Secours St. Francis Health System are the area's largest in the healthcare sector, while the pharmaceutical corporation of [[Bausch & Lomb]] has set up regional operations alongside smaller recently developed local companies such as IRIX Manufacturing and Pharmaceutical Associates. The Upstate is also home to a large number of private-sector and university-based research including R&D facilities for Michelin, Fuji, and General Electric and research centers to support the automotive, life sciences, plastics, and photonics industries. [[Clemson University]], BMW, [[IBM]], [[Microsoft]], and [[Michelin]] have combined their resources to create [[Clemson University International Center for Automotive Research]], a research park that specializes in the development of automotive technology.

=== Corporations based in or with a major presence in the Upstate ===
These corporations have a major presence in the Upstate: [[Adidas]], [[Advance America Cash Advance|Advance America]], [[Bank of America]], [[BMW|BMW of North America]], [https://bonsecours.com/greenville Bon Secours St. Francis Health System] [http://www.stfrancishealth.org], [https://www.bosch.us/ Bosch North America], [[Denny's|Denny's Restaurants]], [[Dunlop Sport]], [[Ernst & Young]], [[Fluor Corporation]], [[Freightliner Trucks|Freightliner]], [https://www.gepower.com/ GE Power Systems], [https://www.ghs.org/ Prisma Health] [http://www.ghs.org], [[IBM]], [http://www.kemet.com/ Kemet Corporation], [http://www.libertyhealthcare.com/ Liberty Corporation], [[Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System]], [https://www.michelinman.com/ Michelin of North America], [[Microsoft]], [[Milliken & Company]], [https://www.spartanburgregional.com/ Spartanburg Regional Health System], [https://www.spectrum.com/ Spectrum Communications], [https://www.suntrust.com/ SunTrust], [[Ovation Brands]], [https://www.perrigo.com/ Perrigo Company of South Carolina], [[Techtronic Industries]], [https://www.tdbank.com/ Toronto-Dominion Bank], and [[Verizon Communications|Verizon]].

• BMW's only North American manufacturing plant is located in Spartanburg County, with an investment of $3.7 billion.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bmwusfactory.com/#/home/ | title=Plant Spartanburg }}</ref>

• [[Fujifilm]] located their first manufacturing facility in the U.S. in Greenwood County.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fujifilm.com/us/en/about/region/affiliates/manufacturing |author= FUJIFILM Manufacturing U.S.A., Inc.|title=Fujifilm [United States] |access-date=25 December 2022 |website=fujifilm.com}}</ref>

• Michelin North America's headquarters is located in Greenville, along with seven manufacturing plants, R&D facility, and test track located in the Upstate. Michelin employs more than 7,800 in South Carolina.<ref>http://www.michelin-us.com/north-america/ {{bare URL inline|date=December 2022}}</ref>

• Walgreens has their southeastern distribution center located in Anderson County, which employs mentally disabled workers as nearly 40% of their workforce.<ref>http://www.mmh.com/article/CA6466542.html {{bare URL inline|date=December 2022}}</ref>

== Transportation ==
[[File:View-from-interstate-26-scnc-border.jpg|right|230px|thumb|View of the Upcountry from I-26 in Spartanburg County]]
The Upstate is served by two major interstate highways, [[Interstate 85|I-85]] and [[Interstate 26|I-26]]. Other major interstate spurs include [[Interstate 185 (South Carolina)|I-185]], [[Interstate 385|I-385]], and [[Interstate 585|I-585]]. The major airport in the region is [[Greenville-Spartanburg International Airport]], located nearly halfway between Greenville and Spartanburg in suburban Greer. Greenville, Spartanburg, Anderson, Clemson, Pickens, Union, and Gaffney each have smaller airfields. [[Amtrak]] service along the [[Crescent (train)|Crescent Line]] stops in Spartanburg, Greenville, and Clemson.

== Media ==
The Upstate region is served by three regional newspapers: ''[[The Greenville News]]'', the (Spartanburg) ''[[Spartanburg Herald-Journal|Herald-Journal]]'', and the ''[[Anderson Independent-Mail]]'', each of which serves its individual city and surrounding area.

The Upstate is part of the vastly larger Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson-[[Asheville, North Carolina|Asheville]] [[designated market area]], which extends into [[western North Carolina]] and northeastern [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. These television stations serve the region:
* [[WYFF]] Channel 4 – Greenville ([[NBC]])
* [[WSPA-TV]] Channel 7 – Spartanburg ([[CBS]])
* [[WLOS-TV]] Channel 13 – Asheville, North Carolina ([[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]])
* [[WGGS-TV]] Channel 16 – Greenville ([[Trinity Broadcasting Network|TBN]])
* [[WHNS]] Channel 21 – Greenville ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]])
* [[WNTV]] Channel 29 – Greenville ([[SCETV]])
* [[WUNF-TV]] Channel 33 – Asheville ([[UNC-TV]])
* [[WMYA-TV]] Channel 40 – Anderson ([[MyNetworkTV|MNTV]])
* [[WYCW]] Channel 62 – Asheville ([[The CW Television Network|CW]])

== See also ==
* [[Piedmont Atlantic MegaRegion|Piedmont Atlantic]]
* [[SC-NC-VA Tornado Outbreak]]
* [[List of Appalachian Regional Commission counties#South Carolina]]
* [[South Carolina Lowcountry]]
* [[Midlands of South Carolina]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Wikivoyage|Upcountry South Carolina|Upstate South Carolina}}
* [http://www.theupcountry.com/ The Upcountry website] – Six Upstate counties form the "Upcountry" tourism region
* [http://www.scacog.org/ South Carolina Appalachian Council of Governments] – This council of governments covers the "Upcountry" counties.
* [http://sctravelold96.com/ Old 96 Distrist] – Three Upstate counties form a part of the Old 96 District tourism region.
* Union County is one of the seven counties in the [http://www.oldeenglishdistrict.com/about/counties-and-cities/union Olde English District].
* [http://www.tenatthetop.org/ Ten at the Top] – A [[nonprofit organization]] promoting a shared vision between the political, business and community leaders of the Upstate
* [http://www.greenvilleonline.com/ The Greenville News] – local newspaper of Greenville
* [http://www.goupstate.com/ (Spartanburg) Herald Journal] – local newspaper of Spartanburg
* [http://www.independentmail.com/ Anderson Independent-Mail] – local newspaper of Anderson
* [http://www.communityjournals.com/ Greenville Journal] – a weekly newspaper
* [http://upstateinternational.org/ Upstate International] - Global Community of the Upstate

{{South Carolina}}
{{Greenville, South Carolina}}
{{USLargestMetros}}

{{coord|34|43|N|82|11|W|region:US-SC|display=title}}

[[Category:Upstate South Carolina| ]]
[[Category:Geography of Abbeville County, South Carolina]]
[[Category:Geography of Anderson County, South Carolina]]
[[Category:Geography of Cherokee County, South Carolina]]
[[Category:Geography of Greenville County, South Carolina]]
[[Category:Geography of Greenwood County, South Carolina]]
[[Category:Geography of Oconee County, South Carolina]]
[[Category:Geography of Laurens County, South Carolina]]
[[Category:Geography of Pickens County, South Carolina]]
[[Category:Geography of Spartanburg County, South Carolina]]
[[Category:Geography of Union County, South Carolina]]
[[Category:Geography of Appalachia]]
[[Category:Regions of South Carolina]]

Clinton, South Carolina

2022-12-15T11:45:26Z

Sporch: /* History */ Linkfix

{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Clinton, South Carolina
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| nickname =
| motto = 
| image_skyline = Clinton-Broad-block-sc.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = Broad Street
| image_flag = Flag of Clinton, South Carolina.svg
| image_seal = Clinton, SC City Seal.png
| pushpin_map = South Carolina
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in South Carolina
| pushpin_label = Clinton
| pushpin_relief = 1
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 = 
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flagicon|USA}} United States
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon|South Carolina}} [[South Carolina]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in South Carolina|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Laurens County, South Carolina|Laurens]]


| government_footnotes =
| government_type = [[Council–manager government|Council–Manager]]<ref name="official" />
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = Robert McLean
| leader_title1 = [[City Manager]]
| leader_name1 = Thomas Higgs<ref>{{cite web |title=Cannon resigns as Clinton city manager |url=http://www.golaurens.com/news/cannon-resigns-as-clinton-city-manager/article_62581ff8-6aee-11eb-a799-731edee4e052.html |website=GoLaurens.com |access-date=February 10, 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
| leader_title2 = [[City Council]]
| leader_name2 = {{plainlist|
*Danny Cook
*Shirley Jenkins
*Robbie Neal
*Gary Kuykendall
*Ronnie Roth
*Megan Walsh
}}
| established_title =
| established_date = 
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='45'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 15, 2022}}</ref>
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 27.05
| area_land_km2 = 26.89
| area_water_km2 = 0.16
| area_total_sq_mi = 10.45
| area_land_sq_mi = 10.38
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.06

| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
| population_total = 7633
| population_density_km2 = 283.82
| population_density_sq_mi = 735.07

| timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
| utc_offset = -5
| timezone_DST = EDT
| utc_offset_DST = -4
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="GR3"/>
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft = 676
| coordinates = {{coord|34|28|17|N|81|52|30|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code = 29325
| area_code = [[Area code 864|864]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 45-15295<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 1247319<ref name="GR3">{{GNIS|1247319}}</ref>
| website = [http://www.cityofclintonsc.com/ www.cityofclintonsc.com]
| footnotes =
| pop_est_as_of =
| pop_est_footnotes =
| population_est =
}}
'''Clinton''' is a city in [[Laurens County, South Carolina|Laurens County]], [[South Carolina]], United States. The population was 8,490 as of the [[United States Census, 2010|2010 census]]. It is part of the [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville]]–[[Mauldin, South Carolina|Mauldin]]–[[Easley, South Carolina|Easley]] [[Greenville-Mauldin-Easley metropolitan area|Metropolitan Statistical Area]]. Clinton is the home of [[Presbyterian College]].

==History==
The Cherokee Indians were Clinton's original inhabitants. The first settler to inhabit the area was John Duncan, a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, who arrived in 1752 from Pennsylvania and settled along a creek between the present-day towns of Clinton and Whitmire.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://local.townsquarepublications.com/southcarolina/laurenscounty/history.html|title=History of Laurens County|website=Laurens County, South Carolina|access-date=November 30, 2017}}</ref>

Scots-Irish immigrants from Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia became the predominant settlers in the area in the two decades before the [[American Revolutionary War]] a<nowiki/>nd took active part in a Revolutionary War battle in 1780 at nearby [[Musgrove Mill State Historic Site|Musgrove Mill]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://southcarolinaparks.com/musgrove-mill|title=Musgrove Mill {{!}} South Carolina Parks Official Site|website=southcarolinaparks.com|language=en|access-date=2017-11-29}}</ref>

As late as 1852, the town was called Five Points because it arose at the intersection of four major roads and the railroad.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Clinton a Brief History|last=Griffith|first=Nancy|publisher=The History Press|year=2010|isbn=9781596296473|location=Charleston, South Carolina|pages=13–15}}</ref> It was named Clinton after Henry Clinton Young,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.laurenscounty.org/cities-towns/|title=Cities & Towns|publisher=Laurens County Chamber of Commerce|access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> a lawyer from the county seat of [[Laurens, South Carolina|Laurens]], who planned the first roads in the area.<ref name=":0" />

As the railroad began to grow, so did the town, and more plots of land were developed around the railroad. With the population's growth came the establishment of the First Presbyterian Church in 1855.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fpcclinton.org/aboutus|title=First Presbyterian Church - Clinton, SC: About Us|website=www.fpcclinton.org|access-date=2017-11-30}}</ref>

[[Image:Child workers in Clinton, SC.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A few of the employees in the Clinton Mills, going home from work. December 1908. Photographed by [[Lewis Hine]].]]

In 1895, "factory fever" had struck the town of Clinton. This came with the establishment of the Clinton Cotton Mill in 1896<ref>{{Cite book|title=Clinton a Brief History|last=Griffith|first=Nancy|publisher=The History Press|year=2010|isbn=9781596296473|location=Charleston, South Carolina|pages=52–53}}</ref> by Mercer Silas Bailey, owner of the town's leading dry goods store. Lydia Cotton Mill, also owned by the Baileys and their descendants, followed in 1902.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://library.sc.edu/socar/uscs/2004/bailey04.html|title=Records, 1895-1981, of the Clinton and Lydia Cotton Mills founded by Mercer Silas Bailey|date=2004|website=University of South Carolina Libraries|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924070346/http://library.sc.edu/socar/uscs/2004/bailey04.html|archive-date=2015-09-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1933 there is a documented case of the lynching of an African American 35-year-old Norris Bendy in Clinton after he was arrested for hitting a white man.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SzZjQtsyC-kC&q=clinton+south+carolina&pg=PA1|title=Desire, Violence & Divinity in Modern Southern Fiction: Katherine Anne Porter, Flannery O'Connor, Cormac McCarthy, Walker Percy|last=Ciuba|first=Gary M.|date=2007|publisher=LSU Press|isbn=9780807131756|page=1|language=en}}</ref>

The mills continued to be a vital source of prosperity for Clinton until their closure in 2001<ref>{{Cite book|title=Clinton a Brief History|last=Griffith|first=Nancy|publisher=The History Press|year=2010|isbn=9781596296473|location=Charleston, South Carolina|pages=129–134}}</ref> brought years of economic hardship from which the area is still struggling to emerge.

The [[Clinton Commercial Historic District (Clinton, South Carolina)|Clinton Commercial Historic District]], [[Duncan's Creek Presbyterian Church]], and [[Thornwell-Presbyterian College Historic District]] are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="Clinton, SC">{{Cite news|url=https://datausa.io/profile/geo/clinton-sc/#intro|title=Clinton, SC|work=Data USA|access-date=2017-12-01}}</ref><ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>

==Geography==
Clinton is located at {{coord|34|28|17|N|81|52|30|W|type:city}} (34.471257, -81.875023).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> The city is concentrated around the intersection of [[U.S. Route 76]] and [[South Carolina Highway 72]], south of [[Spartanburg, South Carolina|Spartanburg]] and northwest of [[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia]]. [[Interstate 26]] passes through the eastern portions of Clinton, and intersects [[Interstate 385]] in the city's northern outskirts.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|9.1|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|9.1|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.1|sqmi|km2}} (0.55%) is water.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1860= 197
|1880= 459
|1890= 1021
|1900= 1869
|1910= 3272
|1920= 3767
|1930= 5643
|1940= 5704
|1950= 7168
|1960= 7937
|1970= 8138
|1980= 8596
|1990= 7987
|2000= 8091
|2010= 8490
|2020= 7633
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:45&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 15, 2022}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Clinton racial composition<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4515295&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=2021-12-14|website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
!Race
!Num.
!Perc.
|-
|[[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic)
|4,160
|54.5%
|-
|[[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic)
|2,902
|38.02%
|-
|[[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]]
|13
|0.17%
|-
|[[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]
|98
|1.28%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]]
|1
|0.01%
|-
|[[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]]
|251
|3.29%
|-
|[[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]
|208
|2.73%
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 7,633 people, 3,141 households, and 1,585 families residing in the city.

===2014-2015===
As of the census taken in 2014, there were 8,619 people residing in Clinton, South Carolina. 96% of people live in urban areas, while the other 4% reside in rural areas. The population has grown 6.5% since 2000. 51.8% of the population is males (4,460) and 48.2% are females (4,159). The racial makeup of Clinton in 2015 was 58.9% White, 36.8% African American, 2.2% Hispanic, 0.6% Asian, and 0.2% American Indian. In 2015, the median age of all people in Clinton was 29.8. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 29.4, were generally younger than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 33.1. For the population 15 years and over in Clinton 48.5% have never been married, 27.8% are now married, 4.1% are separated, 9.4% are widowed, and 10.1% are divorced.<ref name="Clinton, SC"/>

The estimated median household income in 2015 was $29,342, but the average male's salary was $15,124 more than the average female's salary. Black or African American is the most likely racial or ethnic group to be impoverished in Clinton, SC. The mostly highly paid racial group is Asians who made 1.25 times what White workers made. The average median household in South Carolina in 2015 was $47,238. The estimated per capita income in 2015 was $15,108. 75.6% have acquired a High School diploma, 20.0% have acquired a bachelor's degree, and 8.9% have acquired a graduate or professional degree. 11.3% of the population in Clinton is unemployed. The mean travel time to work is 18.3 minutes. From 2014 to 2015, employment in Clinton, SC grew at a rate of 6.08%, from 3,025 employees to 3,209 employees. The median property value in Clinton grew to $92,100 from the previous year's value of $81,800. In Clinton 42.5% of housing units are owner-occupied, lower than the national average of 63.9%. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 41.9%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.city-data.com/city/Clinton-South-Carolina.html|title=Clinton, South Carolina (SC 29325) profile: population, maps, real estate, averages, homes, statistics, relocation, travel, jobs, hospitals, schools, crime, moving, houses, news, sex offenders|website=www.city-data.com|language=en|access-date=2017-12-01}}</ref>

==Education==
{{See also|Presbyterian College|Clinton High School (South Carolina)}}
Laurens County School District 56 covers the southern part of Laurens County, including the town of Clinton. Eastside Elementary, Clinton Elementary, Joanna-Woodson Elementary, Clinton Middle School, and [[Clinton High School (Clinton, South Carolina)|Clinton High School]] serve the town's students.

Both Clinton Middle School (formerly Bell Street Middle School) and Clinton High School have gained statewide and national attention for their [[Science Olympiad]] programs, with the middle school winning 20 of the 34 [[South Carolina Science Olympiad]] Division B competitions, including two in 1986-1987 and all 17 competitions since 2003. The high school has won nine of the last eleven State tournaments, from 2009–14 and 2016–18.

Clinton is also home of [[Presbyterian College]] and [[Thornwell Orphanage]]. Both institutions were founded by Presbyterian minister and philanthropist William Plumer Jacobs while he was the pastor at First Presbyterian Church of Clinton.

==Media==
The city of Clinton is host to two media outlets that serve the community as well as surrounding Laurens County. ''The Clinton Chronicle'' is the local newspaper and only print media source in town; it publishes new editions weekly. Founded in 1900, the ''Chronicle'' is owned by Smith Newspapers, Inc., Fort Payne, Ala. Breaking news is published to www.clintonchronicle.com as well as www.myclintonnews.com, both operated by ''The Clinton Chronicle'' staff and updated regularly between editions.

The second form of media found in Clinton is the local radio station WPCC, 96.5 FM and 1410 AM. This radio station plays beach and easy listening music and offers sports broadcasts through a partnership with ESPN Radio and Motor Racing Network. WPCC is also affiliated with the Atlanta Braves radio network.

==Government==
Clinton operates under a council–manager form of government.<ref name=official>[http://www.cityofclintonsc.com/index.asp?SEC=0813F20C-8C8D-428B-B07E-ECDB6B6C22A2&Type=B_BASIC Clinton's official website].</ref> The incumbent Mayor is Robert T. "Bob" McLean; he was re-elected to a third term in March 2019. The City Manager is Thomas Higgs, who was appointed to the position by the Mayor.

===2019 election results===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-4}}
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|+Mayor
!Candidate!!Votes
|-style="background:#ccffcc"
|'''Bob McLean (inc.)'''||'''475'''
|-
|Ricky Martin||324
|}
{{col-4}}
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|+City Council Ward 2
!Candidate!!Votes
|-style="background:#ccffcc"
|'''Shirley Jenkins (inc.)'''||'''85'''
|-
|Rosa Booker||29
|-
|Sherri Amick||20
|-
|Rilla Griffin||11
|-
|Reginald Vance||4
|}
{{col-4}}
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|+City Council Ward 4
!Candidate!!Votes
|-style="background:#ccffcc"
|'''Gary Kuykendall (inc.)'''||'''unopposed'''
|}
{{col-4}}
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|+City Council Ward 6
!Candidate!!Votes
|-style="background:#ccffcc"
|'''Megan Walsh'''||'''70'''
|-
|Jimmy Young (inc.)||53
|}
{{col-end}}
''Source:''<ref>{{cite web |title=Laurens County municipal election results |url=http://www.indexjournal.com/community/laurens-county-municipal-election-results/article_f2aa3adb-a078-5b5e-a21b-8f62eeef7e32.html |website=Index-Journal |access-date=April 9, 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=McLean, Jenkins & Walsh are winners {{!}} My Clinton News |url=http://www.clintonchronicle.com/breaking-news/mclean-jenkins-walsh-are-winners |website=www.clintonchronicle.com |access-date=April 9, 2019}}</ref>

==Notable people==

* [[Cal Cooper]] (1922–1994), [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] pitcher
* [[Jackie K. Cooper]] (born 1941), author and film critic
* [[Claude Crocker]] (1924–2002), MLB pitcher
* [[Chick Galloway]] (1896–1969), MLB shortstop
* [[Kevin Long (running back)|Kevin Long]] (born 1955), [[National Football League|NFL]] running back
* [[Carl Anthony Payne II]] (born 1969), actor
* [[Johnny Riddle]] (1905–1998), MLB player
* [[Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith|Arthur Smith]] (1921–2014), guitarist and songwriter
* [[Charlie Wilson (baseball)|Charlie Wilson]] (1905–1970), MLB shortstop and third baseman

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Clinton, South Carolina}}
* [http://www.CityofClintonSC.com City of Clinton]

{{Laurens County, South Carolina}}
{{South Carolina}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in South Carolina]]
[[Category:Cities in Laurens County, South Carolina]]
[[Category:Upstate South Carolina]]
[[Category:1852 establishments in South Carolina]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1852]]

Travelers Rest, South Carolina

2022-12-11T22:53:27Z

Sporch: /* History */

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Travelers Rest, South Carolina
|settlement_type = [[City]]
|nickname = TR, Gateway to the Foothills
|motto = "Get in Your Element"

|image_skyline = U.S. Route 276 in Travelers Rest, SC June 2019 1.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = [[U.S. Route 276]] in Travelers Rest
|image_blank_emblem = TR City Logo 1.jpg
|image_seal =


|image_map = SCMap-doton-TravelersRest.PNG
|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Location of Travelers Rest, South Carolina
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =


| subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[South Carolina]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in South Carolina|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Greenville County, South Carolina|Greenville]]


|government_footnotes =
|government_type = Mayor-Council
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Brandy Amidon<ref>{{cite web | url=http://travelersrestsc.com/our-community/government/ | title=Government | publisher=Travelers Rest SC | access-date=March 12, 2018}}</ref>
|leader_title1 = City Administrator
|leader_name1 = Eric Vinson<ref>{{cite web | url=https://travelersrestsc.com/businesses/departments/administration/ | title=Administration | publisher=Travelers Rest SC | access-date=June 3, 2020}}</ref>
|established_title =
|established_date =


|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='45'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 15, 2022}}</ref>
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 16.40
|area_land_km2 = 16.16
|area_water_km2 = 0.24
|area_total_sq_mi = 6.33
|area_land_sq_mi = 6.24
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.09


|population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
|population_total = 7788
|population_density_km2 = 481.82
|population_density_sq_mi = 1247.88


|timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset = −5
|timezone_DST = EDT
|utc_offset_DST = −4
|elevation_footnotes = <ref name="GR3"/>
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft = 1099
|coordinates = {{coord|34|58|12|N|82|26|16|W|region:US-SC_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 29690
|area_code = [[Area code 864|864]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 45-72430<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 1251197<ref name="GR3">{{GNIS|1251197}}</ref>
|website = {{URL|travelersrestsc.com}}
|pop_est_as_of =
|pop_est_footnotes =
|population_est =
}}

'''Travelers Rest''' is a city in [[Greenville County, South Carolina|Greenville County]], [[South Carolina]], United States. The population was 4,576 at the 2010 census,<ref name="Census 2010">{{Cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US4572430| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Travelers Rest city, South Carolina| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| work=American Factfinder| access-date=February 10, 2017}}{{dead link|bot=medic|date=April 2020}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> a small increase from 4,099 in 2000. By 2018 the population had jumped to 5,253. It is part of the [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville]]–[[Mauldin, South Carolina|Mauldin]]–[[Easley, South Carolina|Easley]] [[Greenville-Mauldin-Easley metropolitan area|Metropolitan Statistical Area]]. Travelers Rest, the northernmost city in [[Greenville County, South Carolina|Greenville County]], is located 10 miles north of [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville]] and around 20 miles south of the North Carolina border. [[Furman University]], a private liberal-arts university, was annexed into the city limits of Travelers Rest in April of 2018<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-04-19|title=City Officials: Travelers Rest annexes local university|url=https://www.wyff4.com/article/city-officials-travelers-rest-annexes-local-university/7004078|access-date=2021-12-02|website=WYFF|language=en}}</ref> and [[North Greenville University]], a private Christian institution, is located in nearby [[Tigerville, South Carolina|Tigerville, SC]].

==History==
In 1794, the [[South Carolina General Assembly]] appropriated $2,000 to construct a wagon road from [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville, SC]], north into the [[Blue Ridge Mountains]], through [[Asheville, North Carolina]], ending in East Tennessee. This road, once fully completed in the mid-1850's, was full of wagon traffic. For those going north into the mountains from the coast through [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville]], Travelers Rest was the first well equipped stop to prepare for the several thousand foot climb ahead of them. Travelers Rest was most recently incorporated as a city in 1959, although there was an 1891 incorporation that expired. While unincorporated, most of the area was known as Bates Township during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

The [[John H. Goodwin House]] and [[George Salmon House]] are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref> American Revolutionary heroine [[Dicey Langston|Dicey Langston's]] home, now site of a historical marker, is located just north of the city proper.

=== Transportation ===
[[U.S. Route 276]]-N enters connects Downtown Greenville with the city and becomes Travelers Rest's Main Street before heading northwest past [[Caesars Head State Park|Caesar's Head State Park]], and into North Carolina to [[Brevard, North Carolina|Brevard, NC]]. [[U.S. Route 25]]-N, enters the city from [https://www.villagewgvl.com/ West Greenville], then turns north into the [[Blue Ridge Mountains]], connecting to [[Asheville, North Carolina|Asheville, NC]], 54 miles away.

As of the 2010 census, the city had a total area of {{convert|11.8|sqkm|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|0.06|sqkm|order=flip|2}}, or 0.54%, were water.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

=== Climate ===
{{Weather box 
| width =100 
| collapsed = 
| open = 
| single line =yes 
| location =Travelers Rest, SC 
| temperature colour = 

| Jan high F =51.1
| Feb high F =55.0
| Mar high F =62.8
| Apr high F =72.3
| May high F =79.9
| Jun high F =85.6
| Jul high F =88.3
| Aug high F =87.4
| Sep high F =81.5
| Oct high F =72.3
| Nov high F =62.4
| Dec high F =53.1
| year high F =

| Jan mean F =40.5
| Feb mean F =43.5
| Mar mean F =50.7
| Apr mean F =59.4
| May mean F =67.6
| Jun mean F =74.1
| Jul mean F =77.4
| Aug mean F =76.6
| Sep mean F =70.5
| Oct mean F =59.9
| Nov mean F =50.5
| Dec mean F =42.6
| year mean F =

| Jan low F =30.0
| Feb low F =32.0
| Mar low F =38.7
| Apr low F =46.4
| May low F =55.4
| Jun low F =62.8
| Jul low F =66.6
| Aug low F =65.8
| Sep low F =59.7
| Oct low F =47.7
| Nov low F =38.8
| Dec low F =32.4
| year low F =

| source = <ref name="Climate-Data.org">{{cite web |url=https://en.climate-data.org/north-america/united-states-of-america/south-carolina/travelers-rest-135968/ |title=CLIMATE TRAVELERS REST |access-date=November 4, 2018 }}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1960= 1973
|1970= 2241
|1980= 3017
|1990= 3069
|2000= 4099
|2010= 4576
|2020= 7788
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:45&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 15, 2022}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Travelers Rest racial composition<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4572430&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=2021-12-14|website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
!Race
!Num.
!Perc.
|-
|[[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic)
|6,004
|77.09%
|-
|[[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic)
|879
|11.29%
|-
|[[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]]
|16
|0.21%
|-
|[[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]
|151
|1.94%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]]
|4
|0.05%
|-
|[[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]]
|343
|4.4%
|-
|[[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]
|391
|5.02%
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 7,788 people, 1,751 households, and 1,171 families residing in the city.

===2000 census===
[[File:160122-Z-II459-024 (24177432129).jpg|thumb|left|A 2016 snow and ice storm in Travelers Rest.]]
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 4,099 people, 1,563 households, and 1,137 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 930.8 people per square mile (359.7/km2). There were 1,729 housing units at an average density of 392.6 per square mile (151.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 77.36% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 18.30% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.27% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.22% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 1.68% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.17% from two or more races. 4.22% of the population were of [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] ethnicity.

There were 1,563 households, out of which 38.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.6% were [[marriage|married couples]] living together, 18.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.2% were non-families. 22.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.9% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,917, and the median income for a family was $38,229. Males had a median income of $30,377 versus $22,634 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,704. About 12.2% of families and 15.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 23.9% of those under age 18 and 11.8% of those age 65 or over.

==Education==
[[Furman University]] is south of Travelers Rest with Greenville as the designated address. The city is also the home of the [[Travelers Rest High School]] Devildogs.

Travelers Rest has a [[public library]], a branch of the Greenville County Library System.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.greenvillelibrary.org/locations-and-hours | title=Locations & Hours | publisher=Greenville County Library System | access-date=8 June 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.travelersrestsc.com City of Travelers Rest official website]
* [http://www.travelersresthere.com TravelersRestHere.com - Destination Information for Visitors]
* [http://www.greatertrchamber.com Greater Travelers Rest Chamber of Commerce]
* [http://www.trtribune.com ''Travelers Rest Tribune'']
* [http://www.exploretr.us ExploreTR]

{{commons category|Travelers Rest, South Carolina}}

{{Greenville County, South Carolina}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in South Carolina]]
[[Category:Cities in Greenville County, South Carolina]]
[[Category:Upstate South Carolina]]

Template:North Carolina County Labelled Map

2022-12-09T13:44:49Z

Sporch: Double Entry for Perquimans County removed

{{Image label begin|font-size=75%|image=North Carolina Locator Map.PNG|width={{{width|531}}}|float={{{float|none}}}}}
{{Image label|x=18|y=110|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Cherokee County, North Carolina|CH]]}}
{{Image label|x=38|y=114|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Clay County, North Carolina|CL]]}}
{{Image label|x=35|y=93|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Graham County, North Carolina|GA]]}}
{{Image label|x=56|y=108|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Macon County, North Carolina|MC]]}}
{{Image label|x=52|y=85|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Swain County, North Carolina|SW]]}}
{{Image label|x=75|y=99|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Jackson County, North Carolina|JA]]}}
{{Image label|x=83|y=82|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Haywood County, North Carolina|HY]]}}
{{Image label|x=94|y=103|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Transylvania County, North Carolina|TR]]}}
{{Image label|x=111|y=95|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Henderson County, North Carolina|HN]]}}
{{Image label|x=109|y=74|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Buncombe County, North Carolina|BU]]}}
{{Image label|x=99|y=58|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Madison County, North Carolina|MA]]}}
{{Image label|x=130|y=98|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Polk County, North Carolina|PO]]}}
{{Image label|x=146|y=92|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Rutherford County, North Carolina|RU]]}}
{{Image label|x=136|y=70|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[McDowell County, North Carolina|MD]]}}
{{Image label|x=123|y=57|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Yancey County, North Carolina|YA]]}}
{{Image label|x=126|y=46|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Mitchell County, North Carolina|MT]]}}
{{Image label|x=144|y=43|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Avery County, North Carolina|AV]]}}
{{Image label|x=165|y=94|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Cleveland County, North Carolina|CE]]}}
{{Image label|x=156|y=67|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Burke County, North Carolina|BR]]}}
{{Image label|x=166|y=51|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Caldwell County, North Carolina|CA]]}}
{{Image label|x=157|y=33|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Watauga County, North Carolina|WT]]}}
{{Image label|x=169|y=18|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Ashe County, North Carolina|AS]]}}
{{Image label|x=187|y=99|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Gaston County, North Carolina|GT]]}}
{{Image label|x=186|y=85|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Lincoln County, North Carolina|LI]]}}
{{Image label|x=183|y=72|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Catawba County, North Carolina|CW]]}}
{{Image label|x=188|y=53|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Alexander County, North Carolina|AE]]}}
{{Image label|x=190|y=34|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Wilkes County, North Carolina|WI]]}}
{{Image label|x=192|y=15|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Alleghany County, North Carolina|AG]]}}
{{Image label|x=207|y=102|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina|MK]]}}
{{Image label|x=207|y=63|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Iredell County, North Carolina|IR]]}}
{{Image label|x=226|y=119|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Union County, North Carolina|UN]]}}
{{Image label|x=224|y=92|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Cabarrus County, North Carolina|CB]]}}
{{Image label|x=225|y=73|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Rowan County, North Carolina|RO]]}}
{{Image label|x=225|y=52|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Davie County, North Carolina|DA]]}}
{{Image label|x=218|y=36|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Yadkin County, North Carolina|YD]]}}
{{Image label|x=217|y=19|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Surry County, North Carolina|SU]]}}
{{Image label|x=250|y=121|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Anson County, North Carolina|AN]]}}
{{Image label|x=243|y=95|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Stanly County, North Carolina|ST]]}}
{{Image label|x=244|y=62|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Davidson County, North Carolina|DV]]}}
{{Image label|x=243|y=39|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Forsyth County, North Carolina|FR]]}}
{{Image label|x=242|y=20|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Stokes County, North Carolina|SO]]}}
{{Image label|x=275|y=119|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Richmond County, North Carolina|RI]]}}
{{Image label|x=262|y=95|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Montgomery County, North Carolina|MO]]}}
{{Image label|x=268|y=69|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Randolph County, North Carolina|RN]]}}
{{Image label|x=268|y=43|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Guilford County, North Carolina|GU]]}}
{{Image label|x=270|y=21|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Rockingham County, North Carolina|RK]]}}
{{Image label|x=308|y=144|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Robeson County, North Carolina|RB]]}}
{{Image label|x=287|y=131|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Scotland County, North Carolina|SC]]}}
{{Image label|x=301|y=117|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Hoke County, North Carolina|HO]]}}
{{Image label|x=286|y=97|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Moore County, North Carolina|MR]]}}
{{Image label|x=307|y=85|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Lee County, North Carolina|LE]]}}
{{Image label|x=300|y=68|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Chatham County, North Carolina|CT]]}}
{{Image label|x=293|y=44|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Alamance County, North Carolina|AL]]}}
{{Image label|x=295|y=21|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Caswell County, North Carolina|CS]]}}
{{Image label|x=309|y=44|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Orange County, North Carolina|OR]]}}
{{Image label|x=317|y=21|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Person County, North Carolina|PE]]}}
{{Image label|x=325|y=50|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Durham County, North Carolina|DU]]}}
{{Image label|x=335|y=170|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Columbus County, North Carolina|CO]]}}
{{Image label|x=340|y=144|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Bladen County, North Carolina|BL]]}}
{{Image label|x=324|y=115|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Cumberland County, North Carolina|CU]]}}
{{Image label|x=324|y=91|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Harnett County, North Carolina|HA]]}}
{{Image label|x=334|y=65|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Wake County, North Carolina|WA]]}}
{{Image label|x=334|y=26|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Granville County, North Carolina|GR]]}}
{{Image label|x=351|y=21|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Vance County, North Carolina|VA]]}}
{{Image label|x=362|y=184|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Brunswick County, North Carolina|BR]]}}
{{Image label|x=382|y=171|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[New Hanover County, North Carolina|NH]]}}
{{Image label|x=380|y=152|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Pender County, North Carolina|PN]]}}
{{Image label|x=353|y=119|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Sampson County, North Carolina|SA]]}}
{{Image label|x=352|y=82|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Johnston County, North Carolina|JH]]}}
{{Image label|x=356|y=43|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Franklin County, North Carolina|FA]]}}
{{Image label|x=366|y=21|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Warren County, North Carolina|WR]]}}
{{Image label|x=378|y=122|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Duplin County, North Carolina|DP]]}}
{{Image label|x=374|y=92|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Wayne County, North Carolina|WY]]}}
{{Image label|x=379|y=69|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Wilson County, North Carolina|WL]]}}
{{Image label|x=376|y=50|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Nash County, North Carolina|NA]]}}
{{Image label|x=389|y=28|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Halifax County, North Carolina|HX]]}}
{{Image label|x=412|y=20|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Northampton County, North Carolina|NH]]}}
{{Image label|x=407|y=137|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Onslow County, North Carolina|ON]]}}
{{Image label|x=411|y=116|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Jones County, North Carolina|JN]]}}
{{Image label|x=395|y=101|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Lenoir County, North Carolina|LO]]}}
{{Image label|x=393|y=84|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Greene County, North Carolina|GE]]}}
{{Image label|x=397|y=55|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Edgecombe County, North Carolina|EC]]}}
{{Image label|x=454|y=134|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Carteret County, North Carolina|CR]]}}
{{Image label|x=424|y=103|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Craven County, North Carolina|CV]]}}
{{Image label|x=411|y=76|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Pitt County, North Carolina|PT]]}}
{{Image label|x=446|y=110|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Pamlico County, North Carolina|PM]]}}
{{Image label|x=442|y=84|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Beaufort County, North Carolina|BF]]}}
{{Image label|x=427|y=62|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Martin County, North Carolina|MI]]}}
{{Image label|x=435|y=43|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Bertie County, North Carolina|BT]]}}
{{Image label|x=433|y=25|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Hertford County, North Carolina|HF]]}}
{{Image label|x=477|y=84|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Hyde County, North Carolina|HY]]}}
{{Image label|x=455|y=62|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Washington County, North Carolina|WH]]}}
{{Image label|x=450|y=37|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Chowan County, North Carolina|CN]]}}
{{Image label|x=450|y=18|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Gates County, North Carolina|GS]]}}
{{Image label|x=480|y=61|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Tyrrell County, North Carolina|TY]]}}
{{Image label|x=466|y=35|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Perquimans County, North Carolina|PQ]]}}
{{Image label|x=498|y=62|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Dare County, North Carolina|DA]]}}
{{Image label|x=473|y=21|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Pasquotank County, North Carolina|PU]]}}
{{Image label|x=485|y=30|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Camden County, North Carolina|CM]]}}
{{Image label|x=490|y=17|scale={{{width|531}}}/531|text=[[Currituck County, North Carolina|CK]]}}
{{Image label end}}<noinclude>{{Documentation|Template:Image label begin/doc}}
[[Category:Labelled map templates]]</noinclude>

Template:South Carolina County Labelled Map

2022-12-08T13:23:03Z

Sporch: Fairfield and Beaufort county link fixed

{{Image label begin|font-size=75%|image=South Carolina Locator Map.PNG|width={{{width|299}}}|float={{{float|none}}}}}
{{Image label|x=21|y=41|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Oconee County, South Carolina|OC]]}}
{{Image label|x=45|y=31|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Pickens County, South Carolina|PI]]}}
{{Image label|x=64|y=34|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Greenville County, South Carolina|GE]]}}
{{Image label|x=86|y=28|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Spartanburg County, South Carolina|SP]]}}
{{Image label|x=107|y=21|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Cherokee County, South Carolina|CH]]}}
{{Image label|x=133|y=25|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[York County, South Carolina|YR]]}}
{{Image label|x=48|y=59|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Anderson County, South Carolina|AN]]}}
{{Image label|x=59|y=81|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Abbeville County, South Carolina|AB]]}}
{{Image label|x=85|y=59|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Laurens County, South Carolina|LU]]}}
{{Image label|x=107|y=45|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Union County, South Carolina|UN]]}}
{{Image label|x=136|y=45|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Chester County, South Carolina|CH]]}}
{{Image label|x=166|y=47|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Lancaster County, South Carolina|LC]]}}
{{Image label|x=65|y=101|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[McCormick County, South Carolina|MC]]}}
{{Image label|x=77|y=87|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Greenwood County, South Carolina|GW]]}}
{{Image label|x=110|y=73|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Newberry County, South Carolina|NB]]}}
{{Image label|x=138|y=66|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Fairfield County, South Carolina|CE]]}}
{{Image label|x=89|y=111|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Edgefield County, South Carolina|EF]]}}
{{Image label|x=103|y=94|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Saluda County, South Carolina|SA]]}}
{{Image label|x=108|y=127|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Aiken County, South Carolina|AI]]}}
{{Image label|x=130|y=101|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Lexington County, South Carolina|LX]]}}
{{Image label|x=153|y=92|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Richland County, South Carolina|RI]]}}
{{Image label|x=170|y=70|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Kershaw County, South Carolina|KS]]}}
{{Image label|x=197|y=49|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Chesterfield County, South Carolina|CH]]}}
{{Image label|x=122|y=146|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Barnwell County, South Carolina|BR]]}}
{{Image label|x=155|y=137|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Orangeburg County, South Carolina|OB]]}}
{{Image label|x=160|y=117|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Calhoun County, South Carolina|CL]]}}
{{Image label|x=180|y=100|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Sumter County, South Carolina|SU]]}}
{{Image label|x=189|y=82|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Lee County, South Carolina|LE]]}}
{{Image label|x=208|y=70|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Darlington County, South Carolina|DR]]}}
{{Image label|x=226|y=53|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Marlboro County, South Carolina|MA]]}}
{{Image label|x=125|y=166|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Allendale County, South Carolina|AL]]}}
{{Image label|x=142|y=150|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Bamberg County, South Carolina|BM]]}}
{{Image label|x=191|y=119|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Clarendon County, South Carolina|CA]]}}
{{Image label|x=224|y=91|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Florence County, South Carolina|FL]]}}
{{Image label|x=244|y=66|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Dillon County, South Carolina|DI]]}}
{{Image label|x=139|y=178|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Hampton County, South Carolina|HM]]}}
{{Image label|x=164|y=174|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Colleton County, South Carolina|CO]]}}
{{Image label|x=175|y=153|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Dorchester County, South Carolina|DO]]}}
{{Image label|x=210|y=152|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Berkeley County, South Carolina|BE]]}}
{{Image label|x=222|y=121|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Williamsburg County, South Carolina|WL]]}}
{{Image label|x=242|y=84|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Marion County, South Carolina|MR]]}}
{{Image label|x=146|y=203|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Jasper County, South Carolina|JS]]}}
{{Image label|x=166|y=208|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Beaufort County, South Carolina|BF]]}}
{{Image label|x=196|y=185|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Charleston County, South Carolina|CR]]}}
{{Image label|x=246|y=134|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Georgetown County, South Carolina|GT]]}}
{{Image label|x=267|y=99|scale={{{width|299}}}/299|text=[[Horry County, South Carolina|HO]]}}
{{Image label end}}<noinclude>{{Documentation|Template:Image label begin/doc}}
[[Category:Labelled map templates]]</noinclude>