https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=SteveCrookWikipedia - User contributions [en]2024-11-08T20:34:43ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.2https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Care&diff=1242936670Care2024-08-29T15:38:08Z<p>SteveCrook: /* Organizations and projects */Added CARE (England)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{wiktionary|Care|care|-care|carer|caring}}<br />
'''Care''' may refer to:<br />
<br />
{{TOC right}}<br />
==Organizations and projects==<br />
<br />
* [[CARE (New Zealand)]], Citizens Association for Racial Equality, a former New Zealand organisation<br />
* [[CARE (England)]] West Midlands, Central Accident Resuscitation Emergency team, a team of doctors & paramedics<br />
* [[CARE International]], <br />
"Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere", an international aid and development organization<br />
* [[Care.com]], a company operating an online portal<br />
* [[Carpet America Recovery Effort]], an American carpet recycling project<br />
* [[Charged Aerosol Release Experiment]], a NASA project concerning dust in space<br />
* [[Christian Action Research and Education]], a Christian lobby group in the United Kingdom <br />
* [[Credit Abuse Resistance Education]], an American national program<br />
* [[Crew Module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment]], a 2014 ISRO experimental vehicle<br />
<br />
==People with the surname==<br />
* [[Danny Care (soccer)]] (born 1974), American soccer player<br />
* [[Danny Care]] (born 1987), English rugby union player<br />
* [[Henry Care]] (1646–1688), English political writer and journalist<br />
* [[Peter Care]] (born 1953), British film and video producer<br />
* [[Terry John Care]] (born 1947), American politician<br />
<br />
==Philosophy and science==<br />
*Care or ''Sorge'', a [[Heideggerian terminology#Care (or concern)|term in Heideggerian terminology]]<br />
* [[Cura (mythology)]] or Care, figure in ancient Roman ''Fabulae'' of Hyginus<br />
* [[Duty of care]], a legal obligation in tort law<br />
* [[Ethics of care]], a normative ethical theory<br />
* [[Theology of relational care]], a theology of understanding how contemporary followers of Jesus can relate to others<br />
* [[Vulnerability and Care Theory of Love]], the view that care is an integral part of romantic love<br />
<br />
==Social concepts==<br />
* [[Child care]], the act of caring for and supervising minor children<br />
* [[Day care]], the care of a child during the day by a person other than the child's parents or legal guardians<br />
* [[Elderly care]], the fulfillment of the special needs and requirements that are unique to senior citizens<br />
* [[Foster care]], a system by which a certified, stand-in "parent(s)" cares for minor children or young people<br />
* [[Health care]], the treatment and management of illness, and the preservation of health through services offered<br />
** [[Care of residents]], care given to adults or children outside of the patient's home<br />
** [[Home care]], health care or supportive care provided in the patient's home by healthcare professionals<br />
** [[Primary care]], routine health care, usually the first provided a patient sees<br />
** [[Primary healthcare]], a series of principles geared towards making health care available<br />
* [[Intensive care medicine]], provision of life support or organ support systems in patients who are critically ill<br />
* [[Managed care]], a variety of techniques intended to reduce the cost of providing health benefits and improve the quality of care<br />
* [[Palliative care]]<br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
* [[Care (band)]], a 1980s alternative rock band from Liverpool<br />
* [[Care (How to Dress Well album)|''Care'' (How to Dress Well album)]], 2016<br />
* [[Care (Shriekback album)|''Care'' (Shriekback album)]], 1983<br />
* "Care", a song by Beabadoobee from ''[[Fake It Flowers]]'', 2020<br />
* "Care", a song by Marillion from ''[[An Hour Before It's Dark]]'', 2022<br />
<br />
==Film and television==<br />
* [[Care (film)|''Care'' (film)]], a 2000 British television crime drama film<br />
* "Care", a 2001 episode of ''[[Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 3)|Law & Order: Special Victims Unit]]''<br />
* [[Care (Law & Order: UK)|"Care" (''Law & Order: UK'')]], the 2009 premiere episode of the British television series, ''Law & Order: UK''<br />
* A 2018 BBC drama co-written by [[Jimmy McGovern]]<br />
<br />
== Other uses ==<br />
* [[Cahir]], a town in County Tipperary, Ireland (pronounced roughly 'care')<br />
* Career Average Revalued Earnings, another name for the [[career average pension]] model of occupational pension<br />
* Continuous time [[Algebraic Riccati equation]], a matrix equation<br />
* [[Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement]], a ''cordon sanitaire'' policy implemented in Indonesia to combat the COVID-19 pandemic<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* {{srt}}<br />
* [[Cair (disambiguation)]]<br />
* [[Cares (disambiguation)]]<br />
* [[Carle (disambiguation)]]<br />
* [[Cari (disambiguation)]]<br />
* [[Carre (disambiguation)]]<br />
* [[Kare (disambiguation)]]<br />
<br />
{{disambiguation|surname}}</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Care&diff=1242936465Care2024-08-29T15:36:40Z<p>SteveCrook: /* Organizations and projects */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{wiktionary|Care|care|-care|carer|caring}}<br />
'''Care''' may refer to:<br />
<br />
{{TOC right}}<br />
==Organizations and projects==<br />
<br />
* [[CARE (New Zealand)]], Citizens Association for Racial Equality, a former New Zealand organisation<br />
* [[CARE(England)]] West Midlands, Central Accident Resuscitation Emergency team, a team of doctors & paramedics<br />
* [[CARE International]], <br />
"Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere", an international aid and development organization<br />
* [[Care.com]], a company operating an online portal<br />
* [[Carpet America Recovery Effort]], an American carpet recycling project<br />
* [[Charged Aerosol Release Experiment]], a NASA project concerning dust in space<br />
* [[Christian Action Research and Education]], a Christian lobby group in the United Kingdom <br />
* [[Credit Abuse Resistance Education]], an American national program<br />
* [[Crew Module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment]], a 2014 ISRO experimental vehicle<br />
<br />
==People with the surname==<br />
* [[Danny Care (soccer)]] (born 1974), American soccer player<br />
* [[Danny Care]] (born 1987), English rugby union player<br />
* [[Henry Care]] (1646–1688), English political writer and journalist<br />
* [[Peter Care]] (born 1953), British film and video producer<br />
* [[Terry John Care]] (born 1947), American politician<br />
<br />
==Philosophy and science==<br />
*Care or ''Sorge'', a [[Heideggerian terminology#Care (or concern)|term in Heideggerian terminology]]<br />
* [[Cura (mythology)]] or Care, figure in ancient Roman ''Fabulae'' of Hyginus<br />
* [[Duty of care]], a legal obligation in tort law<br />
* [[Ethics of care]], a normative ethical theory<br />
* [[Theology of relational care]], a theology of understanding how contemporary followers of Jesus can relate to others<br />
* [[Vulnerability and Care Theory of Love]], the view that care is an integral part of romantic love<br />
<br />
==Social concepts==<br />
* [[Child care]], the act of caring for and supervising minor children<br />
* [[Day care]], the care of a child during the day by a person other than the child's parents or legal guardians<br />
* [[Elderly care]], the fulfillment of the special needs and requirements that are unique to senior citizens<br />
* [[Foster care]], a system by which a certified, stand-in "parent(s)" cares for minor children or young people<br />
* [[Health care]], the treatment and management of illness, and the preservation of health through services offered<br />
** [[Care of residents]], care given to adults or children outside of the patient's home<br />
** [[Home care]], health care or supportive care provided in the patient's home by healthcare professionals<br />
** [[Primary care]], routine health care, usually the first provided a patient sees<br />
** [[Primary healthcare]], a series of principles geared towards making health care available<br />
* [[Intensive care medicine]], provision of life support or organ support systems in patients who are critically ill<br />
* [[Managed care]], a variety of techniques intended to reduce the cost of providing health benefits and improve the quality of care<br />
* [[Palliative care]]<br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
* [[Care (band)]], a 1980s alternative rock band from Liverpool<br />
* [[Care (How to Dress Well album)|''Care'' (How to Dress Well album)]], 2016<br />
* [[Care (Shriekback album)|''Care'' (Shriekback album)]], 1983<br />
* "Care", a song by Beabadoobee from ''[[Fake It Flowers]]'', 2020<br />
* "Care", a song by Marillion from ''[[An Hour Before It's Dark]]'', 2022<br />
<br />
==Film and television==<br />
* [[Care (film)|''Care'' (film)]], a 2000 British television crime drama film<br />
* "Care", a 2001 episode of ''[[Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 3)|Law & Order: Special Victims Unit]]''<br />
* [[Care (Law & Order: UK)|"Care" (''Law & Order: UK'')]], the 2009 premiere episode of the British television series, ''Law & Order: UK''<br />
* A 2018 BBC drama co-written by [[Jimmy McGovern]]<br />
<br />
== Other uses ==<br />
* [[Cahir]], a town in County Tipperary, Ireland (pronounced roughly 'care')<br />
* Career Average Revalued Earnings, another name for the [[career average pension]] model of occupational pension<br />
* Continuous time [[Algebraic Riccati equation]], a matrix equation<br />
* [[Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement]], a ''cordon sanitaire'' policy implemented in Indonesia to combat the COVID-19 pandemic<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* {{srt}}<br />
* [[Cair (disambiguation)]]<br />
* [[Cares (disambiguation)]]<br />
* [[Carle (disambiguation)]]<br />
* [[Cari (disambiguation)]]<br />
* [[Carre (disambiguation)]]<br />
* [[Kare (disambiguation)]]<br />
<br />
{{disambiguation|surname}}</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merit&diff=1240600401Merit2024-08-16T08:04:54Z<p>SteveCrook: /* Other uses */ Added MERIT (medical)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wiktionary|merit}}<br />
<br />
'''Merit''' may refer to:<br />
{{ToC right}}<br />
==Religion==<br />
* [[Merit (Buddhism)]]<br />
* [[Merit (Christianity)]] <br />
* [[Punya (Hinduism)]]<br />
* [[Imputed righteousness]] in Lutheranism and Calvinism<br />
<br />
==Companies and brands==<br />
* [[Merit (cigarette)]], a brand of cigarettes made by Altria<br />
* [[Merit Energy Company]], an international energy company<br />
* [[Merit Motion Pictures]], a production company based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada<br />
* [[Merit Network]]<br />
* [[Merit (TV channel)]], a UK television channel owned by [[Sky Group]]<br />
* Merit, a trading name used by [[J & L Randall]]<br />
* A chain of gas stations owned by [[Meadville Corporation]] before it was purchased by [[Hess Corporation]] in 2000.<br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
* [[Merit (indie rock band)]], a band from Syracuse, New York<br />
<br />
==Schools==<br />
* [[Merit School of Music]], a music education organization in Chicago, Illinois, United States<br />
* [[Merit Academy]], a high school in Springville, Utah, United States<br />
<br />
==Other uses==<br />
* [[Figure of merit]]<br />
* [[Merit (law)]]<br />
* [[Merit, Texas]], an unincorporated community in Hunt County, Texas, United States<br />
* Merit of the [[prime gap]] ''g''<sub>''n''</sub>, the ratio of ''g''<sub>''n''</sub> / log(''p''<sub>''n''</sub>)<br />
* MERIT (medical) Medical Emergency Response Incident Team<br />
<br />
==People with the name==<br />
* [[Merit Janow]], American professor<br />
* Merit or Meryt, an [[ancient Egypt]]ian feminine name, from the [[Egyptian language]] meaning "beloved":<br />
** Merit, an ancient Egyptian woman of the middle Eighteenth Dynasty, wife of the royal scribe and architect Kha; joint owner with her husband of the intact tomb [[TT8]]<br />
** [[Merit (wife of Maya)]], an ancient Egyptian woman of the late Eighteenth Dynasty, wife of the royal treasurer [[Maya (treasurer)|Maya]]<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Demerit (disambiguation)]]<br />
* [[Merit badge (Boy Scouts of America)]]<br />
* [[Merit good]], a commodity which is judged that an individual or society should have on the basis of need<br />
* [[Merit pay]]<br />
* [[Meritocracy]]<br />
* [[Meritt (disambiguation)]]<br />
* [[Merrit (disambiguation)]]<br />
* [[Merritt (disambiguation)]]<br />
* {{lookfrom}}<br />
* {{intitle}}<br />
<br />
{{disambiguation|given name}}<br />
<br />
[[de:Merit]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Mirren&diff=1232778304Helen Mirren2024-07-05T15:11:10Z<p>SteveCrook: Restore note as to why she is called an actor rather than an actress</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|British actor (born 1945)}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Dame]]<br />
| name = Helen Mirren<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}}<br />
| image = Helen Mirren-2208 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Mirren in 2020<br />
| alt = Mirren at the 2020 Berlin International Film Festival<br />
| birth_name = Helen Lydia Mironoff<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1945|7|26}}<br />
| birth_place = London, England<!--No boroughs/neighbourhoods, just cities per format.--><br />
| citizenship = {{hlist|United Kingdom|United States}}<br />
| occupation = Actor<!-- READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR, it's a GENDER-NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --><br />
| years_active = 1964–present<br />
| works = [[Helen Mirren on screen and stage|Full list]]<br />
| partner = [[Liam Neeson]] (1980–1985)<ref>{{cite web |last=McArdle |first=Tommy |title=Helen Mirren Says She and Ex Liam Neeson 'Loved Each Other' But 'Were Not Meant to Be Together' |url=https://people.com/movies/helen-mirren-says-she-and-ex-liam-neeson-loved-each-other-but-were-not-meant-to-be-together/ |date=22 November 2022 |access-date=28 January 2023 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128191435/https://people.com/movies/helen-mirren-says-she-and-ex-liam-neeson-loved-each-other-but-were-not-meant-to-be-together/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Guglielmi |first=Jodi |title=Liam Neeson Recalls First Falling for Former Flame Helen Mirren: 'I Was Smitten' |url=https://people.com/movies/liam-neeson-helen-mirren-talk-past-relationship/ |date=19 January 2018 |access-date=28 January 2023 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128191437/https://people.com/movies/liam-neeson-helen-mirren-talk-past-relationship/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Taylor Hackford]]|31 December 1997}}<br />
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Simon Mirren]] (nephew)|[[Tania Mallet]] (cousin)|[[Rio Hackford]] (stepson)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/rio-hackford-dead-mandalorian-1235233527/|title=Rio Hackford, Club Owner and Actor, Dies at 52|first=Pat|last=Saperstein|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=15 April 2022|access-date=16 April 2022|archive-date=16 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416004333/https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/rio-hackford-dead-mandalorian-1235233527/|url-status=live}}</ref>|[[Mikhail Kamensky]] (great-great-great-great-grandfather)}}<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Full list]]<br />
| website = {{URL|helenmirren.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dame Helen Mirren''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} (born '''Helen Lydia Mironoff''',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Stacey Wilson |date=2010-12-07 |title=Hollywood's Great Dame: Helen Mirren |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/hollywoods-great-dame-helen-mirren-56687/ |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=6 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106221707/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/hollywoods-great-dame-helen-mirren-56687/ |url-status=live }}</ref> 26 July 1945) is a British-American <!--PLEASE READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --> actor. With a career spanning 60 years, she is the recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|numerous accolades]] and is the only performer to have achieved both [[Triple Crown of Acting|the American]] and [[Triple Crown (UK entertainment)|the British]] Triple Crowns of Acting. Mirren has received an [[Academy Award]] and a [[British Academy Film Award|BAFTA Award]] for her portrayal of Queen [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'', a [[Tony Award]] and a [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for portraying the same character in ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]'', as well as three [[British Academy Television Awards]] and four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]] for her role as DCI Jane Tennison in ''[[Prime Suspect]]''.<br />
<br />
Mirren's stage performance as [[Cleopatra]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[National Youth Theatre]] in 1965 provided her an opportunity to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]], before making her [[West End theatre|West End]] stage debut in 1975. She subsequently achieved success in film and television, appearing in films such as ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001), and ''[[The Last Station]]'' (2009), receiving Academy Award nominations for each of those performances. For her role on ''Prime Suspect'', which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] (1992, 1993 and 1994)—a record of consecutive wins shared with Dame [[Julie Walters]]—and two [[Primetime Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/helen-mirren |title=Helen Mirren |website=[[Emmy Award]] |access-date=11 March 2018 |archive-date=12 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312024012/https://www.emmys.com/bios/helen-mirren |url-status=live }}</ref> She played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 TV series)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), and [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in the film ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006); she is the only actor to have portrayed both of the regnant Elizabeths on screen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Helen Mirren, at 75, remains the queen of acting |url=https://www.dw.com/en/why-helen-mirren-at-75-remains-the-queen-of-acting/a-52429296 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |archive-date=22 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022134325/https://www.dw.com/en/why-helen-mirren-at-75-remains-the-queen-of-acting/a-52429296 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
After her breakthrough role in ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980), Mirren appeared in other films including ''[[Cal (1984 film)|Cal]]'' (1984), for which she won the [[Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress]], ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover]]'' (1989), ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003), ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]'' (2010), ''[[The Debt (2010 film)|The Debt]]'' (2010), ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'' (2012), ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' (2014), ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'' (2015), ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'' (2015), and ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' (2017). She has also appeared in several action films such as ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'' (2010) and its sequel ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]'' (2013), as well as in the ''[[Fast & Furious]]'' film franchise ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'' (2017), ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]'' (2019), ''[[F9 (film)|F9]]'' (2021), and ''[[Fast X]]'' (2023).<br />
<br />
In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref name="Damehood">{{London Gazette|issue=56963|supp=y|page=7 |date=14 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Ceremony">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |title=Dame Helen centre stage at palace |date=5 December 2003 |website=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725070213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |archive-date=25 July 2012}}</ref><br />
She has received numerous honours including a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013,<ref name="Walk of fame">{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |title=Helen Mirren Gets Hollywood Walk of Fame Star |date=4 January 2013 |website=[[Sky News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116224406/http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement in 2014,<ref name="bafta.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/helen-mirren-fellowship-2014,4076,BA.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren&nbsp;– BAFTA Fellow in 2014 |date=26 January 2014 |website=BAFTA |access-date=26 January 2014 |archive-date=25 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025132059/http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/helen-mirren-fellowship-2014,4076,BA.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award]] in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grater |first1=Tom |title=Helen Mirren To Receive SAG Life Achievement Award |url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/helen-mirren-sag-life-achievement-award-1234876685/ |website=Deadline |date=18 November 2021 |access-date=November 20, 2021 |archive-date=20 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120035425/https://deadline.com/2021/11/helen-mirren-sag-life-achievement-award-1234876685/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life and ancestry==<br />
<!-- Although it is common to have an 'a' at the end of a woman's patronymic, when Russian families moved to the UK, they often "froze" their surnames and didn't follow the old patronymic rules any more. The same applies to other nationalities like Icelandic and those from Nordic countries. Had she been born in Russia, Helen Mirren likely would have been named Yelena or Ilyena Vasilyeva Mironova. But she was born in the UK and was named Helen Lydia Mironoff --><br />
Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff on 26 July 1945<ref name="biography.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/helen-mirren-547434 |title=Helen Mirren Biography: Actor (1945–) |website=[[Biography.com]] |publisher=[[FYI (TV network)|FYI]]/[[A&E Networks]] |access-date=15 June 2016 |archive-date=16 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616095449/http://www.biography.com/people/helen-mirren-547434 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=ker>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002fa_fact1 |title=Command Performance: The reign of Helen Mirren |last=Lahr |first=John |date=2 October 2006 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=24 October 2010 |archive-date=20 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620132632/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002fa_fact1 |url-status=live }}</ref> at [[Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital]] in the [[Hammersmith]] district of London,<ref name=birth>{{cite web |url=http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=bmd%2fb%2f1945%2f3%2faz%2f000858%2f014 |title=England & Wales births 1837–2006 Transcription |website=[[Findmypast]] |access-date=6 June 2016 |quote=Her birth was registered in the Hammersmith registration district |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='Whenever I see the Queen, I think, "Oh ... there I am"': The right royal progress of Helen Mirren |first=Neil |last=Norman |date=10 March 2013 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> to an [[English people|English]] mother and [[Russians|Russian]] father.<ref name=nationsmemory>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |title=Helen Mirren |website=Nation's Memorybank |access-date=5 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207044313/http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref> Her mother, Kathleen "Kitty" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (née Rogers; 1908–1996), was a working-class woman from [[West Ham]], the thirteenth of fourteen children born to a butcher whose own father was the butcher to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name=nationsmemory/>{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=34}} Mirren's father, Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913–1980), was a member of an exiled family of the [[Russian nobility]]; he was taken to England when he was two by his father, Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov.<ref name=nationsmemory/> Pyotr Mironov, who owned a family estate near Gzhatsk (now [[Gagarin, Smolensk Oblast|Gagarin]]), was part of the Russian aristocracy. His mother, Mirren's great-grandmother, was Countess Lydia Andreevna Kamenskaya, an aristocrat and a descendant of [[Mikhail Kamensky|Count Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky]], a prominent Russian general in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=ker/><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/news/tn-vsl-xpm-2006-09-28-lap-queen0921-story.html| title=Behind the Scene:God Save The Queen| date=28 September 2006| newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Susan E.| last=James| archive-date=12 February 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212222317/https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/news/tn-vsl-xpm-2006-09-28-lap-queen0921-story.html| url-status=live}}</ref> Pyotr Mironov served as a colonel in the [[Imperial Russian Army]] and fought in the 1904 [[Russo-Japanese War]]. He became a diplomat and was negotiating an arms deal in Britain when he and his family were stranded by the [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917.<ref name="NYTJacobs">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212214734/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-date=12 February 2020| url-status=bot: unknown| title=Helen Mirren Plays Catherine II in the Years That Made Her 'the Great'| date=21 October 2019| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Julia| last=Jacobs| url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222071030/http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-date=22 February 2019 |title=Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov Collection: The Russian Government Committee in London (1914–1939) |date=11 September 2009 |website=University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies Library |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> He settled in England and became a London cab driver to support his family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/helen-mirrens-in-the-prime-of-life-7239430.html |title=Helen Mirren's in the prime of life |date=13 July 2017 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019 |archive-date=15 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415075324/https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/helen-mirrens-in-the-prime-of-life-7239430.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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Vasily Mironoff also played the viola with the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] before [[World War II]].<ref name=nationsmemory/> He was an ambulance driver during the war, and served in the [[East End of London]] during [[the Blitz]].{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=22}} He and Kathleen Rogers married in Hammersmith in 1938, and at some point before 1951 he anglicised his first name to Basil.<ref name=Gazette/> Shortly after Helen's birth, her father left the orchestra and returned to driving a cab to support the family. He later worked as a driving-test examiner, then became a civil servant with the [[Department for Transport|Ministry of Transport]].<ref name="biography.com"/><ref name=nationsmemory/> In 1951, he changed the family name to Mirren by [[deed poll]].<ref name=Gazette>{{London Gazette |date=12 October 1951 |issue=39356 |page= 5331 |supp=y}}</ref> Mirren considers her upbringing to have been "very anti-monarchist".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |title=Helen Mirren, British Royal Tea? |first=Natalie |last=Finn |date=26 February 2007 |website=[[E! News]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012090005/http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |archive-date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> She was the second of three children; she has an older sister Katherine ("Kate"; born 1942) and had a younger brother Peter Basil (1947–2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/189510/helen-mirren-fondly-remembers-late-costar-alan-rickman |title=Helen Mirren fondly remembers late costar Alan Rickman |last=Nepales |first=Ruben V. |date=7 February 2016 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |location=Manila |access-date=6 October 2016 |archive-date=6 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106185730/http://entertainment.inquirer.net/189510/helen-mirren-fondly-remembers-late-costar-alan-rickman |url-status=live }}</ref> Her paternal cousin was [[Tania Mallet]], a model and [[Bond girl]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47772012 |title=Goldfinger actress dies aged 77 |date=1 April 2019 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 April 2019 |archive-date=25 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525215926/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47772012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mirren was brought up in [[Leigh-on-Sea]], Essex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Helen Mirren interview |last=Piccalo |first=Gina |date=7 February 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=6 November 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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Mirren attended Hamlet Court primary school in [[Westcliff-on-Sea]], where she had the lead role in a school production of ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]'',{{sfn|Mirren|2011|pp=47–48}}<ref name=autobiography>{{cite book |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |first=Helen |last=Mirren |date=25 March 2008 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |isbn=978-1-41656-760-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/inframemylifeinw0000mirr }}</ref> and [[St Bernard's High School for Girls]] in [[Southend-on-Sea]], where she also acted in school productions. She subsequently attended a teaching college, the [[Middlesex University|New College of Speech and Drama]] in London, "housed within [[Anna Pavlova]]'s old home, Ivy House" on [[North End Road, Golders Green|North End Road]] in [[Golders Green]]. At the age of eighteen, she passed the audition for the [[National Youth Theatre]] (NYT); and at twenty, she played [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra]] in the NYT production of ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Old Vic]], a role which she says "launched my career" and led to her signing with agent [[Albert Parker (director)|Al Parker]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Fame Academy: Where Daniel Craig, Helen Mirren and Colin Firth learned to act |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=22 April 2020 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Waterman |first=Ivan |date=2003 |title=Helen Mirren: The Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Metro Books |pages=[https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 18–22, 26–29] |isbn=1843580535 }}</ref><br />
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==Theatre career==<br />
===Early years===<br />
As a result of her work for the National Youth Theatre, Mirren was invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (RSC). While with the RSC, she played Castiza in [[Trevor Nunn]]'s 1966 staging of ''[[The Revenger's Tragedy]]'', Diana in ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (1967), Cressida in ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'' (1968), Rosalind<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |title=Helen Mirren – Biography |website=[[TalkTalk Group|TalkTalk]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233618/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> in ''[[As You Like It]]'' (1968), Julia in ''[[The Two Gentlemen of Verona]]'' (1970), Tatiana in [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]]'s ''Enemies'' at the [[Aldwych Theatre|Aldwych]] (1971), and the title role in ''[[Miss Julie]]'' at [[The Other Place (theatre)|The Other Place]] (1971). She also appeared in four productions, directed by [[Braham Murray]] for Century Theatre at the University Theatre in Manchester, between 1965 and 1967.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Braham |author-link=Braham Murray |year=2007 |title=The Worst It Can Be Is a Disaster |location=London |publisher=Methuen Drama |isbn=978-0-7136-8490-2}}</ref><br />
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In 1970, the director and producer [[John Goldschmidt]] made a documentary film, ''Doing Her Own Thing'', about Mirren during her time with the Royal Shakespeare Company. Made for [[Associated TeleVision|ATV]], it was shown on the ITV network in the UK. In 1972 and 1973, Mirren worked with [[Peter Brook]]'s International Centre for Theatre Research and joined the group's tour in North Africa and the US, during which they created ''[[The Conference of the Birds]]''. She then rejoined the RSC, playing [[Lady Macbeth]] at [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre|Stratford]] in 1974 and at the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in 1975.<br />
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[[Sally Beauman]] reported, in her 1982 history of the RSC, that Mirren—while appearing in Nunn's ''Macbeth'' (1974), and in a letter to ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper—had sharply criticised both the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and the RSC for their lavish production expenditure, declaring it "unnecessary and destructive to the art of the Theatre", and adding, "The realms of truth, emotion and imagination reached for in acting a great play have become more and more remote, often totally unreachable across an abyss of costume and technicalities..." This started a big debate, and led to a question in parliament. There were no discernible repercussions for this rebuke of the RSC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/jul/23/helen-mirren-at-75-michael-billington |title=Helen Mirren at 75: wild costumes, blazing performances – and a spell as a rock banshee |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |first=Michael |last=Billington |date=23 July 2020 |access-date=23 July 2020 |archive-date=23 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723134659/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/jul/23/helen-mirren-at-75-michael-billington |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beauman |first=Sally |author-link=Sally Beauman |date=1982 |title=The Royal Shakespeare Company: A History of Ten Decades |url=https://archive.org/details/royalshakespeare00sall |url-access=registration |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19212-209-4}}</ref><br />
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===West End and RSC===<br />
At the [[West End theatre|West End]]'s [[Royal Court Theatre]] in September 1975, she played the role of a rock star named Maggie in ''[[Teeth 'n' Smiles (play)|Teeth 'n' Smiles]]'', a musical play by [[David Hare (dramatist)|David Hare]]; she reprised the role the following year in a revival of the play at [[Wyndham's Theatre]] in May 1976.<br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren at Met Opera.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the opening of the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in 2008]]<br />
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Beginning in November 1975, Mirren played in West End repertory with the Lyric Theatre Company as Nina in ''[[The Seagull]]'' and Ella in [[Ben Travers]]'s new farce ''The Bed Before Yesterday'' ("Mirren is stirringly voluptuous as the [[Jean Harlow|Harlowesque]] good-time girl": [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]], ''The Guardian''). At the RSC in Stratford in 1977, and at the Aldwych the following year, she played a steely Queen Margaret in [[Terry Hands]]' production of the three parts of ''[[Henry VI (play)|Henry VI]]'', while 1979 saw her 'bursting with grace', and winning acclaim for her performance as Isabella in [[Peter Gill (playwright)|Peter Gill]]'s production of ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' at [[Riverside Studios]].<br />
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In 1981, she returned to the Royal Court for the London premiere of [[Brian Friel]]'s ''[[Faith Healer]]''. That same year she also won acclaim for her performance in the title role of [[John Webster]]'s ''[[The Duchess of Malfi]]'', a production of Manchester's [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange Theatre]] which was later transferred to [[The Roundhouse]] in [[Chalk Farm]], London. Reviewing her portrayal for ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'', [[Francis King]] wrote: "Miss Mirren never leaves it in doubt that even in her absences, this ardent, beautiful woman is the most important character of the story." In her performance as Moll Cutpurse in ''[[The Roaring Girl]]''—at the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre]] in January 1983, and at the [[Barbican Theatre]] in April 1983—she was described as having "swaggered through the action with radiant singularity of purpose, filling in areas of light and shade that even [[Thomas Middleton]] and [[Thomas Dekker (poet)|Thomas Dekker]] omitted."&nbsp;– [[Michael Coveney]], ''[[Financial Times]]'', April 1983.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Philip |title=Becoming Helen Mirren |date=25 October 2019 |publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=roaring+girl| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of 1989, Mirren co-starred with [[Bob Peck]] at the [[Young Vic]] in the London premiere of the [[Arthur Miller]] double-bill, ''Two Way Mirror'', performances which prompted Miller to remark: "What is so good about English actors is that they are not afraid of the open expression of large emotions. British actors like to speak. In London, there's a much more open-hearted kind of exchange between stage and audience" (interview by [[Sheridan Morley]]: ''[[The Times]]'' 11 January 1989).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bigsby |first1=Christopher |title=Arthur Miller: 1962–2005 |date=2011 |publisher=Hachette UK}}</ref> In ''[[Elegy for a Lady]]'' she played the svelte proprietress of a classy boutique, while as the blonde hooker in ''[[Some Kind of Love Story]]'' she was "clad in a Freudian slip and shifting easily from waif-like vulnerability to sexual aggression, giving the role a breathy Monroesque quality".<ref>{{cite news| title=The Coutours of Passion| newspaper=The Guardian| location=London| date=25 January 1989| page=46| last=Billington| first=Michael| url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259882155/| access-date=22 October 2020| via=Newspapers.com| archive-date=24 October 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024185021/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259882155/| url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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On 15 February 2013, at the West End's [[Gielgud Theatre]] she began a turn as [[Elizabeth II]] in the World Premiere of [[Peter Morgan]]'s ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |title=The Audience |website=Hit The Theatre.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232730/http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> The show was directed by [[Stephen Daldry]]. In April she was named best actress at the [[Olivier Awards]] for her role.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |title=Helen Mirren crowned queen of the stage |date=30 April 2013 |website=[[3 News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233730/http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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===Broadway debut===<br />
A further stage breakthrough came in 1994, in an [[Yvonne Arnaud Theatre]] production bound for the West End, when [[Bill Bryden]] cast her as Natalya Petrovna in [[Ivan Turgenev]]'s ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''. Her co-stars were [[John Hurt]] as her aimless lover Rakitin and [[Joseph Fiennes]] in only his second professional stage appearance as the cocksure young tutor Belyaev.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Month in the Country |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=4 March 1994 |newspaper=[[Richmond & Twickenham Times]] |quote=Instead of a bored Natalya fretting the summer away in dull frocks, Mirren, dazzlingly gowned, is a woman almost wilfully allowing her heart's desire for her son's young tutor to rule her head and wreak domestic havoc....Creamy shoulders bared, she feels free to launch into a gloriously enchanted, dreamily comic self-confession of love.}}</ref><br />
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Prior to 2015, Mirren had twice been nominated for Broadway's [[Tony Award]] for Best Actress in a Play: in 1995 for her Broadway debut in ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/26/theater/theater-review-turgenev-s-inquiry-into-calamitous-love.html |title=Theater Review; Turgenev's Inquiry Into Calamitous Love |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=26 April 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019 |quote=Miss Mirren's performance is bigger and more animated than the one she gave last year in an entirely different London production. |archive-date=20 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020145855/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/26/theater/theater-review-turgenev-s-inquiry-into-calamitous-love.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and then again in 2002 for ''[[The Dance of Death (Strindberg)|The Dance of Death]]'', co-starring with Sir [[Ian McKellen]], their fraught rehearsal period coinciding with the terrorist attacks on New York on 11 September 2001.<ref name=autobiography/><br />
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On 7 June 2015‚ Mirren won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play‚ for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in ''The Audience'' (a performance which also won her the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best Actress). Her Tony Award win made her one of the few actors to achieve the US "[[Triple Crown of Acting#Helen Mirren|Triple Crown of Acting]]", joining the ranks of acclaimed performers including [[Ingrid Bergman]]‚ Dame [[Maggie Smith]], and [[Al Pacino]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |work=Huffington Post |title=7 reasons to love Helen Mirren on her 70th birthday |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023072002/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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===National Theatre===<br />
In 1998, Mirren played [[Cleopatra]] to [[Alan Rickman]]'s [[Mark Antony|Antony]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]. The production received poor reviews; ''[[The Guardian]]'' called it "plodding spectacle rarely informed by powerful passion", while ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' said "the crucial sexual chemistry on which any great production ultimately depends is fatally absent".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=A case of hype and fall as Rickman and Mirren are put to the sword |last=Lister |first=David |date=23 October 1998 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2000 [[Nicholas Hytner]], who had worked with Mirren on the film version of ''[[The Madness of King George]]'', cast her as Lady Torrance in his revival of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[Orpheus Descending]]'' at the [[Donmar Warehouse]] in London. Michael Billington, reviewing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', described her performance as "an exemplary study of an immigrant woman who has acquired a patina of resilient toughness but who slowly acknowledges her sensuality."<ref>{{cite news |title=Southern discomfort |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/jun/29/artsfeatures4 |date=28 June 2000 |page=46 |access-date=1 March 2022 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |archive-date=28 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428222105/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/jun/29/artsfeatures4 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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At the National Theatre in November 2003 she again won praise playing Christine Mannon ("defiantly cool, camp and skittish", ''[[Evening Standard]]''; "glows with mature sexual allure", ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'') in a revival of [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]'' directed by [[Howard Davies (Theatre Director)|Howard Davies]]. "This production was one of the best experiences of my professional life, The play was four and a half hours long, and I have never known that kind of response from an audience ... It was the serendipity of a beautifully cast play, with great design and direction, It will be hard to be in anything better."<ref name=autobiography/> She played the title role in [[Jean Racine]]'s ''[[Phèdre]]'' at the National in 2009, in a production directed by [[Nicholas Hytner]]. The production was also staged at the [[Epidaurus#Theatre|Epidaurus amphitheatre]] on 11 and 12 July 2009.<br />
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==Film career==<br />
Mirren has appeared in a large number of films throughout her career. Some of her earlier film appearances include roles in ''[[Herostratus (film)|Herostratus]]'' (1967, Dir. Don Levy), ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)|A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' (1968), ''[[Age of Consent (film)|Age of Consent]]'' (1969), ''[[O Lucky Man!]]'' (1973), ''[[Caligula (film)|Caligula]]'' (1979),<ref name="VF2015" /><ref name="peop_Hele" /> ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980)—co-starring with [[Bob Hoskins]] in what was her breakthrough film role,<ref name="BBC 2014">{{cite news| title=Dame Helen Mirren to receive Bafta fellowship| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-25911227| work=BBC News| date=27 January 2014| access-date=1 March 2022| archive-date=2 March 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302000653/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-25911227| url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981), ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985), ''[[The Mosquito Coast (film)|The Mosquito Coast]]'' (1986), ''[[Pascali's Island (film)|Pascali's Island]]'' (1988) and ''[[When the Whales Came]]'' (1989). She appeared in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Some Mother's Son]]'' (1996), ''[[Painted Lady (TV series)|Painted Lady]]'' (1997) and ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="Mirren roles"/> In [[Peter Greenaway]]'s colourful ''[[The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover]]'', Mirren plays the wife opposite [[Michael Gambon]]. In ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), she plays sadistic history teacher Mrs. Eve Tingle.<ref name="Mirren roles">{{cite news |title=All Helen Mirren's 61 movies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/02/all-helen-mirrens-61-movies-ranked |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=The Guardian |location=London |archive-date=1 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401090102/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/02/all-helen-mirrens-61-movies-ranked |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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In 2007, she claimed that the director [[Michael Winner]] had treated her "like a piece of meat" at a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting call]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=David Cameron keeps his distance from film director Michael Winner |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=3 May 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=30 December 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Asked about the incident, Winner told ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I don't remember asking her to turn around but if I did I wasn't being serious. I was only doing what the [casting] agent asked me&nbsp;– and for this I get reviled! Helen's a lovely person, she's a great actor and I'm a huge fan, but her memory of that moment is a little flawed."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |title=Susan Sarandon, Gwyneth Paltrow, Charlize Theron & More Casting Couch Horror Stories |date=16 November 2012 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020104842/http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |archive-date=20 October 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren continued her successful film career when she starred in ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001) with [[Maggie Smith]] and ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003) with [[Julie Walters]]. Other more recent appearances include ''[[The Clearing (film)|The Clearing]]'' (2004), ''[[Pride (2004 film)|Pride]]'' (2004), ''[[Raising Helen]]'' (2004), and ''[[Shadowboxer]]'' (2005). Mirren also provided the voice for the supercomputer "[[Minor characters from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|Deep Thought]]" in the film adaptation of [[Douglas Adams]]'s ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' (2005). During her career, she has portrayed three British queens in different films and television series: [[Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 TV series)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), and [[Queen Charlotte|Charlotte]] in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994). She is the only actor to have portrayed both Queens Elizabeth on the screen.<ref name="BBC 2014"/><br />
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Mirren's title role of ''The Queen'' earned her numerous acting awards including a [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA]], a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Golden Globe]], and an [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Academy Award]], among many others. During her acceptance speech at the Academy Award ceremony, she praised and thanked Elizabeth II and stated that she had maintained her dignity and weathered many storms during her reign. Mirren later appeared in supporting roles in the films ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]'', ''[[Inkheart (film)|Inkheart]]'', ''[[State of Play (film)|State of Play]]'', and ''[[The Last Station]]'', for which she was nominated for an Oscar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |title=Nominees & Winners for the 82nd Academy Awards |date=24 August 2012 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411210003/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |archive-date=11 April 2010}}</ref><br />
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===2000–2009===<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren at the Orange British Academy Film Awards.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the [[60th British Academy Film Awards]] in 2007, where she won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]]]]<br />
Mirren's first film of the 2000s was [[Joel Hershman]]'s ''[[Greenfingers]]'' (2000), a comedy based on the true story about the prisoners of [[Leyhill Prison|HMP Leyhill]], a minimum-security prison, who won gardening awards.<ref name="Deitz">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/garden/free-to-grow-bluebells-in-england.html |title=Free to Grow Bluebells in England |last=Deitz |first=Paula |date=16 July 1998 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=13 |access-date=20 October 2019 |archive-date=20 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020084519/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/garden/free-to-grow-bluebells-in-england.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mirren portrayed a devoted plantswoman in the film, who coaches a team of prison gardeners, led by [[Clive Owen]], to victory at a prestigious flower show.<ref name="Ramsey">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/22/movies/film-never-too-tough-to-be-softened-up-by-a-flower.html |title=Film; Never Too Tough to Be Softened Up by a Flower |last=Ramsey |first=Nancy |page=22 |date=22 July 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019 |archive-date=20 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920234015/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/22/movies/film-never-too-tough-to-be-softened-up-by-a-flower.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The project received lukewarm reviews, which suggested that it added "nothing new to this already saturated genre" of [[Britcom|British feel-good films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greenfingers/ |title=Greenfingers (2000) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016 |archive-date=22 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422081631/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greenfingers/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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The same year, she began work on the mystery film ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'', [[Sean Penn]]'s third directorial effort, in which she played a child psychologist. A critical success,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1104203-pledge |title=The Pledge (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016 |archive-date=6 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306015047/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1104203-pledge |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[ensemble film]] tanked at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/entertainment/1332122.stm |title=US directors laud Cannes audiences |date=15 May 2001 |website=BBC News |access-date=3 January 2011 |archive-date=7 July 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040707163823/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/entertainment/1332122.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Also that year, she filmed the American-Icelandic satirical drama ''[[No Such Thing (film)|No Such Thing]]'' opposite [[Sarah Polley]]. Directed by [[Hal Hartley]], Mirren portrayed a soulless television producer in the film, who strives for sensationalistic stories. It was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/no_such_thing/ |title=No Such Thing (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016 |archive-date=10 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310124457/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/no_such_thing/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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Her biggest critical and commercial success, released in 2001, became [[Robert Altman]]'s all-star ensemble mystery film ''[[Gosford Park]]''. A [[homage (arts)|homage]] to writer [[Agatha Christie]]'s [[whodunit]] style, the story follows a party of wealthy Britons and an American, and their servants, who gather for a shooting weekend at an [[English country house]], resulting in an unexpected murder. It received multiple awards and nominations, including a second [[Academy Award]] nomination and first [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Screen Actors Guild Award]] win for Mirren's portrayal of the sternly devoted head servant Mrs. Wilson.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/gosford-park-big-winner-article-1.485902 |title='Gosford Park' Big Winner |first=Jack |last=Mathews |date=11 March 2002 |newspaper=New York Daily News |access-date=22 February 2016 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303035637/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/gosford-park-big-winner-article-1.485902 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Fred Schepisi]]'s dramedy film ''[[Last Orders (film)|Last Orders]]'' opposite [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]].<ref name="Mirren roles"/><br />
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In 2003, Mirren starred in [[Nigel Cole]]'s comedy ''[[Calendar Girls]]'', inspired by the true story of a group of [[Yorkshire]] women who produced a [[nude calendar]] to raise money for [[Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research|Leukaemia Research]] under the auspices of the [[Women's Institutes]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/12/23/earlyshow/leisure/main590034.shtml |title=Helen Mirren's ''Calendar Girls'' |first=Rome |last=Neal |date=24 December 2003 |website=[[CBS News]] |access-date=17 October 2010 |archive-date=21 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921231811/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/12/23/earlyshow/leisure/main590034.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Mirren initially was reluctant to join the project, dismissing it as another middling British picture,<ref name="mc1">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504225925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo&feature=related| archive-date=2017-05-04|title=2009&nbsp;– Movie Connections&nbsp;– Calendar Girls (2/4) |author=[[Movie Connections]] |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> but rethought her decision upon learning of the casting of co-star [[Julie Walters]].<ref name="mc1"/> The film was generally well received by critics, and grossed $96 million worldwide.<ref name="bom">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=calendargirls.htm |title=Calendar Girls (2003) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=17 October 2010 |archive-date=7 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607001250/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=calendargirls.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, the picture earned [[Satellite Award|Satellite]], [[Golden Globe]], and [[European Film Award]] nominations for Mirren.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0337909/awards |title=Awards for ''Calendar Girls'' |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=14 February 2008 |archive-date=7 February 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060207231710/http://imdb.com/title/tt0337909/awards |url-status=live }}</ref> Her other film that year was the [[Showtime Networks|Showtime]] television film ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' opposite [[Olivier Martinez]], and [[Anne Bancroft]], based on the 1950 novel of the same title by [[Tennessee Williams]].<br />
In 2006, Helen Mirren starred in "[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]" directed by [[Stephen Frears]], for which she won an Academy Award for Best Actress.<br />
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===2010–2014===<br />
In 2010, Mirren appeared in five films. In ''[[Love Ranch]]'', directed by her husband [[Taylor Hackford]], she portrayed [[Joe Conforte|Sally Conforte]], one half of a married couple who opened the first legal [[brothel]] in the US, the [[Mustang Ranch]] in [[Storey County, Nevada]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/04/helen_mirrens_brothel_movie_to.html |title=Helen Mirren's Brothel Movie to Open |last=Brown |first=Lane |date=6 April 2010 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |archive-date=15 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315101507/https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/04/helen_mirrens_brothel_movie_to.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mirren starred in the principal role of [[Prospero|Prospera]], the duchess of [[Milan]], in [[Julie Taymor]]'s ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]''. This was based on the [[The Tempest|play of the same name]] by [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]; Taymor changed the original character's gender to cast Mirren as her lead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |title=Mirren 'to star in Tempest film' |date=8 October 2008 |website=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111152135/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |archive-date=11 January 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While the actor garnered strong reviews for her portrayal, the film itself was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tempest |title=The Tempest (2010) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=27 January 2010 |archive-date=19 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819041418/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tempest |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren at the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
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Mirren played a gutsy tea-shop owner who tries to save one of her young employees from marrying a teenage killer in [[Rowan Joffé]]'s ''[[Brighton Rock (2010 film)|Brighton Rock]]'', a [[crime film]] loosely based on [[Graham Greene]]'s 1938 [[Brighton Rock (novel)|novel]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |title=Helen Mirren: Interview |first=Ben |last=Walters |date=2 June 2015 |magazine=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128223000/http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |archive-date=28 January 2016}}</ref> The [[film noir]] [[Film premiere|premiered]] at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] in September 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |title=At TIFF: ''Brighton Rock'' Extends the Graham Greene Adaptation Curse |first=Michelle |last=Orange |date=13 September 2010 |website=[[Movieline]] |access-date=27 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916205701/http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |archive-date=16 September 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> where it received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/movies/brighton-rock-film-of-graham-greene-novel-review.html |title=A Meek Rose Amid the Mods and Rockers in an English Resort Town |first=Stephen |last=Holden |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=25 August 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=27 August 2011 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=10 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110232458/http://movies.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/movies/brighton-rock-film-of-graham-greene-novel-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mirren's biggest critical and commercial success of the year was [[Robert Schwentke]]'s ensemble action comedy ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'', based on [[Warren Ellis]]'s graphic novel, in which she portrayed Victoria, an ex-[[MI6]] assassin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |title=Casting Notes: Alan Cumming in Burlesque; Mirren Does Espionage; Dempsey Steals Laughs; Weaver and Shawkat Hit Cedar Rapids |first=Russ |last=Fischer |date=4 November 2009 |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=19 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122185818/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |archive-date=22 January 2010}}</ref> Mirren was initially hesitant to sign on due to film's graphic violence, but changed her mind upon learning of [[Bruce Willis]]'s involvement.<ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |archive-date=10 December 2022 |title=Majestic Mirren |first=Emanuel |last=Levy |date=15 October 2010 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |location=London |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Released to positive reviews, it grossed $186.5 million worldwide.<ref name="mojo" >{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2010.htm |title=RED (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=25 March 2011 |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713062345/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2010.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Also in 2010, the actor lent her voice to [[Zack Snyder]]'s animated fantasy film ''[[Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole]]'', voicing [[antagonist]] Nyra, a leader of a group of owls. The film grossed $140.1 million on an $80 million budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=guardiansofgahoole.htm |title=Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=15 May 2011 |archive-date=27 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727163444/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=guardiansofgahoole.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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Mirren's next film was the comedy film ''[[Arthur (2011 film)|Arthur]]'', a remake of the 1981 [[Arthur (1981 film)|film of the same name]], starring [[Russell Brand]] in the lead role. ''Arthur'' received generally negative reviews from critics, who declared it an "irritating, unnecessary remake".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/arthur_2011/ |title=Arthur (2011) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=19 May 2013 |archive-date=13 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513223026/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/arthur_2011/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In preparation for her role as a retired Israeli [[Mossad]] agent in the film ''[[The Debt (2011 film)|The Debt]]'', Mirren reportedly immersed herself in studies of Hebrew language, Jewish history, and [[Holocaust]] writing, including the life of [[Simon Wiesenthal]], while in Israel in 2009 for the filming of some of the movie's scenes. The film is a remake of a [[The Debt (2007 film)|2007 Israeli film of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/mirren-learning-hebrew-for-movie-role_1096343 |title=Mirren Learning Hebrew For Movie Role |date=27 February 2009 |website=[[ContactMusic.com]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |archive-date=6 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606110822/https://www.contactmusic.com/helen-mirren/news/mirren-learning-hebrew-for-movie-role_1096343 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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In 2012, Mirren played [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s wife [[Alma Reville]] in the 2012 biopic ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'', directed by [[Sacha Gervasi]] and based on [[Stephen Rebello]]'s non-fiction book ''[[Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho]]''. The film centres on the pair's relationship during the making of ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'', a controversial [[horror film]] that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker's career. It became a moderate arthouse success and garnered a lukewarm critical response from critics, who felt that it suffered from "tonal inconsistency and a lack of truly insightful retrospection."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/hitchcock |title=Hitchcock (2012) |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=2 March 2015 |archive-date=25 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225060018/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/hitchcock |url-status=live }}</ref> Mirren was universally praised, however, with [[Roger Ebert]] noting that the film depended most on her portrayal, which he found to be "warm and effective".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=20 November 2012 |title=Hitchcock |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=21 November 2012 |archive-date=27 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127172340/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Her other film that year was ''[[The Door (2012 film)|The Door]]'', a claustrophobic drama film directed by [[István Szabó]], based on the Hungarian novel of the same name. Set at the height of [[communist]] rule in 1960s Hungary, the story of the adaptation centres on the abrasive influence that a mysterious housekeeper wields over her employer and successful novelist, played [[Martina Gedeck]]. Mirren found the role "difficult to play" and cited doing it as "one of the hardest things [she has] ever done".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/mirren-steps-through-a-new-door-20120718-22ahn.html |title=Mirren steps through a new door |first=Philippa |last=Hawker |date=19 July 2012 |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=18 January 2016 |archive-date=20 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720230242/http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/mirren-steps-through-a-new-door-20120718-22ahn.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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[[File:HelenMirrenHWOFJan2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren receiving a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013]]<br />
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The following year, Mirren replaced [[Bette Midler]] in [[David Mamet]]'s biographical television film ''[[Phil Spector (film)|Phil Spector]]'' about [[Phil Spector|the American musician]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/22/phil-spector-s-jersey-girl-lawyer-meet-the-real-linda-kenney-baden.html |title=Phil Spector's Jersey Girl Lawyer: Meet the Real Linda Kenney Baden |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |date=22 March 2013 |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |access-date=5 June 2013 |archive-date=28 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160228181020/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/22/phil-spector-s-jersey-girl-lawyer-meet-the-real-linda-kenney-baden.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[HBO]] film focuses on the relationship between Spector and his defence attorney Linda Kenney Baden, played by Mirren, during the first of his two [[Phil Spector#Murder conviction|murder trials for the death in 2003]] of [[Lana Clarkson]] in his California mansion. ''Spector'' received largely mixed to positive reviews from critics, particularly for Mirren and co-star [[Al Pacino]]'s performances, and was nominated for eleven [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, also winning Mirren a [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie|Screen Actors Guild Award]] at the [[20th Screen Actors Guild Awards|20th awards ceremony]]. The film drew criticism both from Clarkson's family and friends, who charged that the suicide defence was given more merit than it deserved, and from Spector's wife, who argued that Spector was portrayed as a "foul-mouthed megalomaniac" and a "minotaur".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2013/03/15/friends_of_lana_clarkson_protest_hbo_film_phil_spector/ |title=Friends of Lana Clarkson protest HBO film "Phil Spector" |last=Gupta |first=Prachi |date=15 March 2013 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=25 March 2013 |archive-date=24 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324151045/http://www.salon.com/2013/03/15/friends_of_lana_clarkson_protest_hbo_film_phil_spector/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Also in 2013, Mirren voiced the character of Dean Abigail Hardscrabble in [[Pixar]]'s animated comedy film ''[[Monsters University]]'', which grossed $743 million against its estimated budget of $200 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monstersinc2.htm |title=Monsters University (2013) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=20 December 2013 |archive-date=3 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503015430/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monstersinc2.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> and reprised her role in the sequel film ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]''.<ref name="Mirren">{{cite web |url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |title=Helen Mirren Says She's Ready For 'Red' Sequel: 'Just Get Me The Script' |last=Warner |first=Kara |date=29 March 2011 |website=[[MTV News]] |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515150701/http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |archive-date=15 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The action comedy received a mixed reviews from film critics, who called it a "lackadaisical sequel",<ref name="TheWrap">{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/red-2-review-bruce-willis-sequel-dies-hard-lands-dull-thud-102681 |title='Red 2' Review: Bruce Willis Sequel Dies Hard, Lands With Dull Thud |last=Gilchrist |first=Todd |date=15 July 2013 |website=[[The Wrap]] |access-date=18 July 2013 |archive-date=18 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718125410/http://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/red-2-review-bruce-willis-sequel-dies-hard-lands-dull-thud-102681 |url-status=live }}</ref> but became another commercial success, making over $140 million worldwide.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=Red 2 (2013) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2.htm |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=19 July 2013 |archive-date=22 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722145637/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2014 was the comedy-drama ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' opposite the Indian actor [[Om Puri]]. Directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and produced by [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Oprah Winfrey]], the film is based on [[Richard C. Morais]]'s 2010 novel [[The Hundred-Foot Journey|with the same name]] and tells the story of a feud between two adjacent restaurants in a French town. Mirren garnered largely positive reviews for her performance of a snobby restaurateur, a role which she accepted as she was keen to play a French character, reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."<ref name="collider1">{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/helen-mirren-hundred-foot-journey-trumbo-interview/ |title=Helen Mirren Talks 'The Hundred-Foot Journey', Working with Om Puri, What She Looks For in Choosing Projects, 'Trumbo', and More |last1=Roberts |first1=Sheila |date=31 July 2014 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |access-date=18 January 2016 |archive-date=14 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314080711/http://collider.com/helen-mirren-hundred-foot-journey-trumbo-interview/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film earned her another [[Golden Globe]] nomination and became a modest commercial success, grossing $88.9 million worldwide.<ref name=BOM2>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=100foot.htm |title=The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=1 December 2014 |archive-date=28 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128103326/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=100foot.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
===2015–present===<br />
[[File:The Leisure Seeker 06 (36402080733).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren attending the premiere of ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' at the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
In 2015, Mirren reunited with her former assistant [[Simon Curtis (filmmaker)|Simon Curtis]] on ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'', co-starring [[Ryan Reynolds]].<ref name="collider1"/> The film was based on the true story of Jewish refugee [[Maria Altmann]] who, together with her young lawyer [[E. Randol Schoenberg|Randy Schoenberg]], fought the Austrian government to be reunited with [[Gustav Klimt]]'s painting of her aunt, the famous ''[[Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gustav-klimt-birthday-woman-in-gold_55a52d3de4b0a47ac15d61af |title=Gustav Klimt Painted Much More Than 'The Woman In Gold' |last1=Valentine |first1=Colin |date=14 July 2015 |website=[[HuffPost]] Arts & Culture |access-date=7 August 2015 |archive-date=17 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717050133/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gustav-klimt-birthday-woman-in-gold_55a52d3de4b0a47ac15d61af |url-status=live }}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics, although Mirren and Reynold's performances were widely praised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Woman in Gold (2015) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/woman_in_gold/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=7 August 2015 |archive-date=26 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126200214/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/woman_in_gold |url-status=live }}</ref> A commercial success, ''Woman in Gold'' became one of the highest-grossing specialty films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/the-20-highest-grossing-indies-of-2015-a-running-list-1 |title=The 20 Highest Grossing Indies of 2015 (A Running List) |first=Kate |last=Erbland |date=29 December 2015 |website=Indiewire |access-date=18 January 2016 |archive-date=15 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115061703/http://www.indiewire.com/article/the-20-highest-grossing-indies-of-2015-a-running-list-1? |url-status=live }}</ref> The same year, Mirren appeared in [[Gavin Hood]]'s thriller ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), in which she played as a military intelligence officer who leads a secret [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone]] mission to capture a terrorist group living in [[Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/aaron-paul-helen-mirren-join-colin-firth-in-thriller-eye-in-the-sky/ |title=Aaron Paul, Helen Mirren Join Colin Firth in Thriller 'Eye in the Sky' |last1=Sneider |first1=Jeff |date=16 May 2014 |website=The Wrap |access-date=7 August 2015 |archive-date=29 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729062523/http://www.thewrap.com/aaron-paul-helen-mirren-join-colin-firth-in-thriller-eye-in-the-sky/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Jay Roach]]'s biographical drama ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'', co-starring [[Bryan Cranston]] and [[Diane Lane]]. The actor played [[Hedda Hopper]], the famous actor and [[gossip columnist]], in the film, which received generally positive reviews from critics and garnered her a 14th Golden Globe nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/trumbo/ |title=Trumbo (2015) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=4 January 2016 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128003104/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/trumbo |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2016 was ''[[Collateral Beauty]]'', directed by [[David Frankel]]. Co-Starring [[Will Smith]], [[Keira Knightley]], and [[Kate Winslet]], the ensemble drama follows a man who copes with his daughter's death by writing letters to [[time]], [[death]], and [[love]]. The film earned largely negative reviews from critics, who called it "well-meaning but fundamentally flawed."<ref name="reviews">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/will-smith-collateral-beauty-lowest-box-office-opening-rotten-tomatoes-1201873153/ |title=How Critics' "Schoolyard Assault" On 'Collateral Beauty' Turned Ugly For Will Smith Pic |first=Anthony |last=D'Alessandro |date=18 December 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=31 December 2016 |archive-date=1 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101005013/http://deadline.com/2016/12/will-smith-collateral-beauty-lowest-box-office-opening-rotten-tomatoes-1201873153/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=reviews2>{{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/12/13/collateral-beauty-reviews-roundup/ |title=Collateral Beauty reviews: Will Smith movie slammed by critics |first=Danielle |last=Jackson |date=13 December 2016 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=31 December 2016 |archive-date=1 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101165300/http://ew.com/article/2016/12/13/collateral-beauty-reviews-roundup/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2017, Mirren narrated ''[[Cries from Syria]]'', a [[documentary film]] about the [[Syrian Civil War]], directed by [[Evgeny Afineevsky]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/markets-festivals/hbo-cries-from-syria-1201957096/ |title=HBO Nabs 'Cries From Syria' Documentary Ahead of Sundance |first=Brent |last=Lang |date=10 January 2017 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=25 February 2017 |archive-date=25 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225132555/http://variety.com/2017/film/markets-festivals/hbo-cries-from-syria-1201957096/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Also that year, she made an uncredited [[cameo appearance]] in [[F. Gary Gray]]'s ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'', the eighth instalment in the [[The Fast and the Furious|''Fast & Furious'']] franchise, playing Magdalene, the mother of Owen and [[Deckard Shaw]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1635570/how-helen-mirren-ended-up-in-the-fate-of-the-furious-according-to-vin-diesel |title=How Helen Mirren Ended Up In The Fate Of The Furious, According To Vin Diesel |first=Gregory |last=Wakeman |date=14 March 2017 |website=CinemaBlend |access-date=25 October 2017 |archive-date=23 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623112824/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1635570/how-helen-mirren-ended-up-in-the-fate-of-the-furious-according-to-vin-diesel |url-status=live }}</ref> Mirren had a larger role in director [[Paolo Virzì]]'s English-language debut ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'', based on the [[The Leisure Seeker (novel)|2009 novel of the same name]]. On set, she was reunited with [[Donald Sutherland]] with whom she had not worked again since ''[[Bethune: The Making of a Hero]]'' (1990),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/cannes-helen-mirren-and-donald-sutherland-to-topline-paolo-virzis-the-leisure-seeker-exclusive-1201772430/ |title=Cannes: Helen Mirren and Donald Sutherland to Topline Paolo Virzì's 'The Leisure Seeker' |first1=Nick |last1=Vivarelli |first2=Elsa |last2=Keslassy |date=12 May 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=20 October 2019 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707225752/https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/cannes-helen-mirren-and-donald-sutherland-to-topline-paolo-virzis-the-leisure-seeker-exclusive-1201772430/ |url-status=live }}</ref> portraying a terminally ill couple who escape from their retirement home and take one last cross-country adventure in a vintage van.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-donald-sutherland-team-up-for-the-leisure-seeker-cannes-1201754273/ |title=Helen Mirren & Donald Sutherland Team For 'The Leisure Seeker' – Cannes |first=Ali |last=Jaafar |date=12 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=20 October 2019 |archive-date=2 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102162420/https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-donald-sutherland-team-up-for-the-leisure-seeker-cannes-1201754273/ |url-status=live }}</ref> At the [[75th Golden Globe Awards|75th awards ceremony]], Mirren received her 15th [[Golden Globe]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List |first=Rebecca |last=Rubin |date=11 December 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=11 December 2017 |archive-date=14 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214021531/http://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2018, Mirren portrayed heiress [[Sarah Winchester]] in the supernatural horror film ''[[Winchester (film)|Winchester]]'', directed by [[The Spierig Brothers]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-takes-aim-at-playing-firearm-heiress-in-hot-cannes-package-winchester-1201755962/ |title=Helen Mirren Takes Aim At Playing Firearm Heiress In Hot Cannes Package 'Winchester' |first=Mike Jr. |last=Fleming |date=14 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=16 March 2017 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612184437/https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-takes-aim-at-playing-firearm-heiress-in-hot-cannes-package-winchester-1201755962/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In the same year, she starred as Mother Ginger in Disney's adaptation of ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', titled ''[[The Nutcracker and the Four Realms]]'', directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and [[Joe Johnston]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/helen-mirren-nutcracker-disney-1201844942/ |title=Helen Mirren Joins Disney's 'The Nutcracker' |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=25 August 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=1 April 2017 |archive-date=1 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401232621/http://variety.com/2016/film/news/helen-mirren-nutcracker-disney-1201844942/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019, she appeared in the ensemble film ''[[Berlin, I Love You]]'', the French crime thriller film ''[[Anna (2019 feature film)|Anna]]'', directed and written by [[Luc Besson]], and co-starred in the ''Fast and the Furious'' spin-off ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]''.<ref name="Oct2017V">{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/luc-besson-anna-helen-mirren-luke-evans-1202584144/ |title=Luc Besson Sets Next Film 'Anna' With Helen Mirren, Luke Evans |first1=Elsa |last1=Keslassy |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |date=9 October 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=7 November 2017 |archive-date=9 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209211235/http://variety.com/2017/film/news/luc-besson-anna-helen-mirren-luke-evans-1202584144/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2021, she was cast as the villain Hespera in the superhero film ''[[Shazam! Fury of the Gods]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=23 March 2021 |title='Shazam: Fury Of The Gods': Helen Mirren To Play Villain Hespera In Sequel |url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323221810/https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |archive-date=23 March 2021 |access-date=23 March 2021 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref><br />
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Mirren portrayed [[Golda Meir]], prime minister of Israel from 1969 to 1974, in a 2023 [[biopic]] entitled ''[[Golda (film)|Golda]]''. Reviewing the film in ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] wrote that "Mirren makes her terse, decisive, and ferociously alive."<ref>{{cite web |last=Gleiberman |first=Owen |title=Golda' Review: Helen Mirren Channels Golda Meir in a Tense Dramatization of the Yom Kippur War |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/reviews/golda-review-helen-mirren-golda-meir-1973-yom-kippur-war-1235529163/ |website=Variety |date=20 February 2023 |access-date=18 June 2023 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618202705/https://variety.com/2023/film/reviews/golda-review-helen-mirren-golda-meir-1973-yom-kippur-war-1235529163/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She also appeared in the 2022 music video for [[Kendrick Lamar]]'s "[[Count Me Out (Kendrick Lamar song)|Count Me Out]]" as a therapist.<ref>{{citation |title=Kendrick Lamar – Count Me Out | date=16 December 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GhhVHpPR_M |access-date=22 December 2022 |archive-date=22 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222000623/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GhhVHpPR_M |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Television career==<br />
<br />
===''Prime Suspect''===<br />
Mirren is known for her role as detective Jane Tennison in the widely viewed ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', a multiple award-winning television drama series that was noted for its high quality and popularity. Her portrayal of Tennison won her [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] between 1992 and 1994 (making her one of four actors to have received three consecutive [[BAFTA TV Awards]] for a role, alongside [[Robbie Coltrane]], [[Julie Walters]] and [[Michael Gambon]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/dame-helen-mirren-10-things-202365 |title=Dame Helen Mirren: 10 things you need to know about the Oscar nominated actress |date=18 February 2010 |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |location=London |access-date=7 November 2012 |archive-date=17 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117003000/http://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/dame-helen-mirren-10-things-202365 |url-status=live }}</ref> Primarily due to ''Prime Suspect'', in 2006 Mirren came 29th on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]'s poll of [[TV's 50 Greatest Stars]] voted by the British public.<ref name="Poll">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5142726.stm| title=ITV to salute '50 greatest stars'| date=3 July 2006| work=[[BBC News]]| access-date=2 October 2020| archive-date=8 August 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808160749/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5142726.stm| url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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===Other roles===<br />
Mirren's other television performances include ''[[Cousin Bette]]'' (1971); ''[[BBC Television Shakespeare|As You Like It]]'' (1979); ''[[Blue Remembered Hills]]'' (1979); ''[[The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' episode "[[Dead Woman's Shoes]]" (1985); ''[[The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)|The Passion of Ayn Rand]]'' (1999), where her performance won her an [[Emmy]]; ''[[Door to Door (film)|Door to Door]]'' (2002); and ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' (2003). In 1976, she appeared with [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Alan Bates]] and [[Malcolm McDowell]] in a production of [[Harold Pinter]]'s ''[[The Collection (play)|The Collection]]'' as part of the ''[[Laurence Olivier Presents]]'' series. She also played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in 2005, in the television serial ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'', for [[Channel 4]] and [[HBO]], for which she received an [[Emmy Award]] and a [[Golden Globe Award]]. Mirren won another Emmy Award on 16 September 2007 for her role in ''[[Prime Suspect|Prime Suspect: The Final Act]]'' on PBS in the same category as in 2006. Mirren hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' on 9 April 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://watching-tv.ew.com/2011/04/10/saturday-night-live-helen-mirren-foo-fighters/ |title='Saturday Night Live' recap: Helen Mirren transcended a laugh-lite 'SNL' |last=Tucker |first=Ken |date=10 April 2011 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=30 December 2013 |archive-date=30 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230232929/http://watching-tv.ew.com/2011/04/10/saturday-night-live-helen-mirren-foo-fighters/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2022, she portrayed Cara Dutton in the ''[[Yellowstone (American TV series)|Yellowstone]]'' spinoff ''[[1923 (TV series)|1923]]'', which also featured [[Harrison Ford]] and [[Timothy Dalton]].<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren figure at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|upright|Waxwork of Mirren at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]<br />
Mirren lived with Northern Irish actor [[Liam Neeson]] during the early 1980s; they met while working on ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981). When interviewed by [[James Lipton]] for ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]'', Neeson said Mirren was instrumental in his getting an agent.<br />
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In 1985 on the set of ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'', Mirren met American director [[Taylor Hackford]]. The pair began dating in 1986. The couple married on 31 December 1997, Hackford's 53rd birthday, at the [[Ardersier]] Parish Church near [[Inverness]] in the [[Scottish Highlands]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Dame Helen Mirren fights sewage plant plan in quiet fishing village where she got married |date=30 May 2016 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 January 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> It is her first marriage and his third. He has two children from his previous marriages. She has no children herself, and has stated that she has "no maternal instinct whatsoever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/mirren%20i%20have%20no%20maternal%20instinct_1023284 |title=Mirren: 'I Have No Maternal Instinct' |date=26 February 2007 |website=Contactmusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019 |archive-date=9 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709020458/http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/mirren%20i%20have%20no%20maternal%20instinct_1023284 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
Mirren's autobiography, ''In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures'', was published in the UK by [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] in September 2007. Reviewing for ''[[The Stage]]'', John Thaxter wrote: "Sumptuously illustrated, at first sight it looks like another of those photo albums of the stars. But between the pictures there are almost 200 pages of densely printed text, an unusually frank story of her private and professional life, mainly in the theatre, the words clearly Mirren's own, delivered with forthright candour."<ref>{{cite news |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=1 November 2007 |newspaper=The Stage}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1990, Mirren said in an interview that she was an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sunday Review Pages: Helen Mirren interview |last=Garfield |first=Simon |date=25 November 1990 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |page=27 |quote=Sometimes I feel like a farmer during a war, someone who doesn't know very much about it and carries on digging, hoping for rain. But just the last few days I've had this terrible feeling of... doom. It's a, er, [[Bible|biblical]], kind of [[Old Testament]] feeling. I'm an atheist, but I was suddenly thinking of those stories of the flood and punishment. Because we've become unbelievably greedy and destructive.}}</ref> In the August 2011 issue of ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', she said, "I am quite spiritual. I believed in fairies when I was a child. I still do sort of believe in the [[fairies]]. And the [[leprechauns]]. But I don't believe in God."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/helen-mirren-quotes-0811 |title=Helen Mirren: What I've Learned |last=Fussman |first=Cal |date=7 July 2011 |magazine=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |access-date=8 January 2013 |archive-date=17 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117095312/http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/helen-mirren-quotes-0811 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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In a 2008 interview with ''[[GQ]]'', Mirren revealed she was [[date rape]]d as a student, and had often taken [[cocaine]] at parties in her twenties and until the 1980s.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/09/01/helen.mirren.rape/index.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren in date-rape revelation |date=1 September 2008 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=1 September 2008 |archive-date=2 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080902005550/http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/09/01/helen.mirren.rape/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=indie>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Mirren talks of her date-rapes, then provokes furore with views on sex attackers |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |date=1 September 2008 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref> She stopped using it after reading that [[Klaus Barbie]] made a living from cocaine dealing.<ref name=cnn/><ref name=indie/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7591142.stm |title=Dame Helen in cocaine admission |date=1 September 2008 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019 |archive-date=12 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912145136/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7591142.stm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901101327/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2008 |title='The Queen' actress Dame Helen Mirren reveals former love of cocaine |last=Simpson |first=Aislinn |date=31 August 2008 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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On 11 May 2010, Mirren attended the unveiling of her waxwork at [[Madame Tussauds]] in London. In 2012, she was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]] to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork—The Beatles' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' album cover—to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admired.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited |title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday |first=Caroline |last=Davies |date=2 April 2012 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019 |archive-date=5 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105095109/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026 |title=Sir Peter Blake's new Beatles' Sgt Pepper's album cover |date=2 April 2012 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019 |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103234105/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2010, she was named Sexiest Woman Alive by ''Esquire'', and in a 2011 photo shoot for the magazine, she stripped down and covered up with the [[Union Jack]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Helen Mirren shows off her patriotism in Esquire photo shoot |date=15 July 2011 |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/helen-mirren-shows-off-her-patriotism-in-esquire-photo-shoot.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAL-vIbYr3zdTdvehdRUc0lnYjJRXjrH4_m5WPohtumjKkQF5ZjHQLJtDu-wBH128akA-SIGhwuqIxJGGVah71ko93k0SrMjCBGWYNe6o4pAX1bMxdQKNuPUDWP0gRMadkT21jNy7mPWtoRB9gY_JEBadANEeCY_pMxeHk9kSdO2G |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Yahoo!]] |archive-date=25 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625054050/https://uk.style.yahoo.com/helen-mirren-shows-off-her-patriotism-in-esquire-photo-shoot.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAL-vIbYr3zdTdvehdRUc0lnYjJRXjrH4_m5WPohtumjKkQF5ZjHQLJtDu-wBH128akA-SIGhwuqIxJGGVah71ko93k0SrMjCBGWYNe6o4pAX1bMxdQKNuPUDWP0gRMadkT21jNy7mPWtoRB9gY_JEBadANEeCY_pMxeHk9kSdO2G |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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In 2013, Mirren was announced as one of several new models for [[Marks & Spencer]]'s "Womanism" campaign. Subtitled "Britain's leading ladies", the campaign featured Mirren alongside British women from various fields, including pop singer [[Ellie Goulding]], double Olympic gold medal-winning boxer [[Nicola Adams]], and writer [[Monica Ali]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/aug/19/marks-spencer-new-ad-annie-leibowitz |title=Marks & Spencer's new ad: what does it mean? |first=Lauren |last=Cochrane |date=19 August 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019 |archive-date=7 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107015822/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/aug/19/marks-spencer-new-ad-annie-leibowitz |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2013, ''The Guardian'' listed Mirren as one of the 50 Best-Dressed Over 50.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s |title=The 50 best-dressed over 50s |first=Jess |last=Cartner-Morley |date=29 March 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019 |archive-date=10 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110175602/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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She told the ''[[Radio Times]]'', "I'm a [[naturism|naturist]] at heart. I love being on beaches where everyone is naked. Ugly people, beautiful people, old people, whatever. It's so unisexual and so liberating."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-09-19/celebrity-nudists-the-stars-who-like-to-let-it-all-hang-out |title=Celebrity nudists: the stars who like to let it all hang out |date=19 September 2014 |magazine=Radio Times |location=London |access-date=26 August 2015 |archive-date=11 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811031725/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-09-19/celebrity-nudists-the-stars-who-like-to-let-it-all-hang-out |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2004, she was named Naturist of the Year by [[British Naturism]]. She said: "Many thanks to British Naturism for this great honour. I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!"<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |title=Dame Helen Mirren named 'Naturist of the Year' |date=8 January 2012 |publisher=British Naturism |access-date=26 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004094251/http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |archive-date=4 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
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In 2006, Mirren stated that she was never a member of any [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|political party]].<ref name="independent">{{cite web |title=Helen Mirren: Her crowning achievement |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |work=The Independent |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708131908/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |archive-date=8 July 2022 |date=18 August 2006 |quote="I've never been a member of Labour, or any political party for that matter, but in 1997 I wanted to get rid of the Conservatives; wanted to get rid of that appalling lot." |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirren became a [[U.S. citizen]] in 2017 and voted in her first U.S. election in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/oscar-winner-tahoe-resident-helen-mirren-casts-1st-american-vote |title=Oscar winner, Tahoe resident Helen Mirren casts 1st American vote |date=15 October 2020 |newspaper=Tahoe Daily Tribune |access-date=17 October 2020 |archive-date=16 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016180946/https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/oscar-winner-tahoe-resident-helen-mirren-casts-1st-american-vote |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |newspaper=[[Record-Courier (Nevada)|The Record-Courier]] |location=[[Gardnerville, Nevada]] |title='The Queen' casts her ballot in Minden |date=17 October 2020 |last=Hildebrand |first=Kurt |access-date=18 October 2020 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116061403/https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She supported Patricia Ackerman in her campaign against [[Mark Amodei]] in {{ushr|NV|2}}.<ref name="democrat">{{cite web |last1=Jackson |first1=Hugh |title=Helen Mirren for governor |url=https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |publisher=Nevada Current |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022204617/https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |archive-date=22 October 2020 |date=22 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> She has openly stated she supports Israel and is a Zionist: “I believe in Israel, in the existence of Israel, and I believe Israel has to go forward into the future, for the rest of eternity ... I believe in Israel because of the Holocaust.”<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2023 |title=Helen Mirren: Israel must exist 'for eternity' because of the Holocaust |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/helen-mirren-israel-must-exist-for-eternity-because-of-the-holocaust/ |access-date=1 March 2024 |archive-date=1 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301191758/https://www.timesofisrael.com/helen-mirren-israel-must-exist-for-eternity-because-of-the-holocaust/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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In April 2021, she took part in the [[music video]] "La Vacinada" (meaning ''the vaccinated woman'' in broken [[Spanish language]]) of Italian comedian and singer [[Checco Zalone]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/checco-zalone-pokes-fun-at-helen-mirrens-age-in-viral-video-9xgd0q99d| title=Checco Zalone pokes fun at Helen Mirren's age in viral video| newspaper=The Times| location=London| date=1 May 2021| access-date=2 May 2021| url-access=subscription| archive-date=2 May 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502051609/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/checco-zalone-pokes-fun-at-helen-mirrens-age-in-viral-video-9xgd0q99d| url-status=live}}</ref><br />
In the song and video, Zalone jokes about the fact that, in times of [[COVID-19 pandemic]], it is safer to have an [[affair]] with someone who has already been [[vaccinated]] against the [[virus]], and as [[the elderly]] get vaccinated first, an older partner (played by Mirren in the video) is now the best choice.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='The Telegraph' recap: Helen Mirren joins Italy's best known comic in light-hearted sketch to promote Covid-19 vaccine |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=30 April 2021 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph | location=London |access-date=30 April 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Acting credits==<br />
{{main|Helen Mirren on screen and stage}}<br />
<br />
==Awards and honours==<br />
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren}}<br />
<br />
Among her major competitive awards, Mirren has won one [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]], four [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA Awards]], three [[Golden Globe Awards]], five [[Emmy Awards]], and one [[Tony Awards|Tony Award]]. Her numerous honorary awards include the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] and Gala Tribute presented by the [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]].<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/45th-chaplin-award-gala-will-honor-helen-mirren/ |title=45th Chaplin Award Gala Will Honor Helen Mirren |website=Film Society of Lincoln Center |date=14 October 2017 |access-date=5 November 2017 |archive-date=7 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107030632/https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/45th-chaplin-award-gala-will-honor-helen-mirren/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]] in December.<ref name="Damehood"/><ref name="Ceremony"/> In January 2009, Mirren was named on ''[[The Times]]''' list of the top 10 British actresses of all time. The list included [[Julie Andrews]], [[Helena Bonham Carter]], [[Judi Dench]] and [[Audrey Hepburn]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5502980.ece |title=The best British film actresses of all time |date=12 January 2009 |newspaper=The Times |location=London |first=James |last=Christopher |access-date=27 May 2020 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=27 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127204102/https://www.the-tls.co.uk/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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In 2021, Mirren was named by [[Carnegie Corporation of New York]] as an honoree of the [[Great Immigrants Award]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Helen Mirren |url=https://www.carnegie.org/awards/honoree/helen-mirren/ |access-date=June 11, 2024 |website=Carnegie Corporation of New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 30, 2021 |title=Carnegie Corporation of New York Honors 34 Great Immigrants for Their Contributions to Our Democracy |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210630005084/en/Carnegie-Corporation-of-New-York-Honors-34-Great-Immigrants-for-Their-Contributions-to-Our-Democracy |access-date=June 18, 2021 |website=Business Wire}}</ref><br />
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In March 2024, to commemorate the 65th anniversary of [[International Women's Day]], Mirren was one of a number of female celebrities who had their likeness turned into [[Barbie|Barbie dolls]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://virginradio.co.uk/entertainment/137652/helen-mirren-kylie-minogue-turned-into-barbie-dolls-international-womens-day|title=Helen Mirren and Kylie Minogue have Barbie dolls made for 65th anniversary and International Women's Day|date=6 March 2024|work=[[Virgin Radio UK]]|accessdate=18 March 2024|archive-date=18 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318235747/https://virginradio.co.uk/entertainment/137652/helen-mirren-kylie-minogue-turned-into-barbie-dolls-international-womens-day|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Mirren| first=Helen| title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BoEtOA98XQAC| publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]| year=2011| isbn=978-1-4165-7341-8}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of British actors]]<br />
* [[List of British Academy Award nominees and winners]]<br />
* [[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]<br />
* [[List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="VF2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/11/helen-mirren-nude-scene |title=Helen Mirren Reveals The One Nude Scene She Didn't Mind Filming |last=Miller |first=Julie |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=8 May 2016 |archive-date=18 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718230255/http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/11/helen-mirren-nude-scene |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<ref name="peop_Hele">{{cite web |url=http://www.people.com/article/helen-mirren-talks-nude-scenes |title=Helen Mirren Reveals Her Favorite Nude Scenes Were for Caligula: 'Everyone Was Naked' |last=McNiece |first=Mia |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=People |access-date=8 May 2016 |archive-date=20 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520102848/http://www.people.com/article/helen-mirren-talks-nude-scenes |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Ward| first=Philip| year=2019| title=Becoming Helen Mirren| publisher=Troubador Press| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=becoming+helen+mirren| access-date=March 1, 2022}} A survey of the actor's early career.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{sister project links|b=no|commons=Category:Helen Mirren|d=Q349391|n=no|q=Helen Mirren|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|545}}<br />
* {{IBDB name|53256}}<br />
* {{Playbill person|helen-mirren-vault-0000099983}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|260}}<br />
* {{NYTtopic|people/m/helen_mirren}}<br />
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{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Awards for Helen Mirren]]<br />
|list =<br />
{{AcademyAwardBestActress 2001-2020}}<br />
{{AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Grownup Love Story}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actress 2000-2019}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{British Academy Television Award for Best Actress 1980-1999}}<br />
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards}}<br />
{{Prix d'interprétation féminine 1980–1999}}<br />
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{DramaDesk PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActress 1976-2000}}<br />
{{European Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{European Film Academy Achievement in World Cinema Award}}<br />
{{Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Lincoln Center Gala Tribute}}<br />
{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureDrama 2001-2020}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressTVMiniseriesFilm}}<br />
{{GoldenOrangeHonoraryAward}}<br />
{{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}}<br />
{{Honorary Golden Bear}}<br />
{{OlivierAward PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress 2001-present}}<br />
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{RTS Programme Award for Best Performance by a Female Actor}}<br />
{{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Motion Picture}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Television Series Drama}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Television Miniseries or Film}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Supporting Actress Series Miniseries or Television Film}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleLeadMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleSupportMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleTVMiniseriesMovie}}<br />
{{Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award}}<br />
{{Stanislavsky Award}}<br />
{{St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{TonyAward PlayLeadActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{TFCA Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Volpi Cup for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
{{British Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirren, Helen}}<br />
[[Category:1945 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actors from the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses awarded damehoods]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Essex]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from London]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Middlesex University]]<br />
[[Category:Audiobook narrators]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award (television) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actress Golden Globe winners]]<br />
[[Category:British naturists]]<br />
[[Category:Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:English atheists]]<br />
[[Category:English film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Russian descent]]<br />
[[Category:English radio actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English Shakespearean actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English expatriate actresses in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:English stage actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English voice actresses]]<br />
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[[Category:Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alastair_Sim&diff=1227715562Alastair Sim2024-06-07T12:08:00Z<p>SteveCrook: /* Personal life and honours */ Correct title of biography</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Scottish actor (1900–1976)}}<br />
{{distinguish|Alastair Simms}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=May 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Alastair Sim|honorific_suffix=[[Commander of the Order of the British Empire|CBE]]<br />
| image = Alastair-sim-laird-in-geordie.jpg<br />
| caption = Sim as the Laird in ''[[Geordie (film)|Geordie]]'', 1955<br />
| birth_name = Alastair George Bell Sim<br />
| alma_mater = [[University of Edinburgh]]<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1900|10|09|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Edinburgh]], Scotland<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1976|08|19|1900|10|09|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = [[London]], England<br />
| occupation = Actor<br />
| years_active = 1930–1976<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Naomi Sim|Naomi Plaskitt]]|1932}}<br />
| children = 1<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Alastair George Bell Sim''', [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (9 October 1900 &ndash; 19 August 1976) was a Scottish [[character actor]] who began his theatrical career at the age of thirty and quickly became established as a popular [[West End theatre|West End]] performer, remaining so until his death in 1976. Starting in 1935, he also appeared in more than fifty British films, including an iconic adaptation of Charles Dickens’ novella ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'', released in 1951 as [[Scrooge (1951 film)|''Scrooge'']] in Great Britain and as ''A Christmas Carol'' in the United States. Though an accomplished dramatic actor, he is often remembered for his comically sinister performances.<br />
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After a series of false starts, including a spell as a jobbing labourer and another as a clerk in a local government office, Sim's love of and talent for poetry reading won him several prizes and led to his appointment as a lecturer in elocution at the [[University of Edinburgh]] in 1925. He also ran his own private elocution and drama school, from which, with the help of the playwright [[John Drinkwater (playwright)|John Drinkwater]], he made the transition to the professional stage in 1930.<br />
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Despite his late start, Sim soon became well known on the London stage. A period of more than a year as a member of the [[Old Vic]] company brought him wide experience of playing [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]] and other classics, to which he returned throughout his career. In the modern repertoire, he formed a close professional association with the author [[James Bridie]], which lasted from 1939 until the dramatist's death in 1951. Sim not only acted in Bridie's works but also directed them.<br />
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In the later 1940s and for most of the 1950s, Sim was a leading star of British cinema. They included ''[[Green for Danger (film)|Green for Danger]]'' (1946), ''[[Hue and Cry (film)|Hue and Cry]]'' (1947), ''[[The Happiest Days of Your Life (film)|The Happiest Days of Your Life]]'' (1950), ''[[Scrooge (1951 film)|Scrooge]]'' (1951), ''[[The Belles of St. Trinian's]]'' (1954) and ''[[An Inspector Calls (1954 film)|An Inspector Calls]]'' (1954). Later, he made fewer films and generally concentrated on stage work, including successful productions at the [[Chichester Festival Theatre|Chichester Festival]] and regular appearances in new and old works in the West End.<br />
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==Early life==<br />
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Sim was born in [[Edinburgh]], the youngest child and second son of Alexander Sim, a ladies' tailor and clothier who served on several Edinburgh committees and was a school governor and [[Justice of the Peace]], and Isabella (née McIntyre).<ref name=dnb>Gilbert, Michael. [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/31686 "Sim, Alastair George Bell (1900–1976)"], ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004; online edition, January 2011, retrieved 11 July 2014 {{ODNBsub}}</ref> His mother moved to Edinburgh as a teenager from [[Eigg]], one of the [[Small Isles]] in the [[Inner Hebrides|Hebrides]], and was a native [[Scottish Gaelic|Gaelic]] speaker.<ref>Simpson, p. 15</ref> The family lived above his father's shop at 96-98, [[A700 road|Lothian Road]];<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.alastairsim.net/biography/early_years.htm | title=Early Years }}</ref> later, improved finances allowed for a move to 73, Viewforth, in the wealthier [[Bruntsfield]] area of the city.<ref>Margaret Rutherford, Alistair Sim, eccentricity and the British character actor, Chris Wilson, Sheffield Hallam University, 2005, p. 11</ref><ref>Alastair Sim- the Real Belle of St Trinian's, Mark Simpson, History Press, 2011, pp. 14-16</ref> Sim was educated at Bruntsfield Primary school, and received his secondary education at [[James Gillespie's High School]] and [[George Heriot's School]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/spellbinding-times-at-heriot-s-1-1215177 |title=Spellbinding times at Heriot's |date=13 August 2009 |newspaper=[[The Scotsman]]}}</ref> He worked—probably part time{{#tag:ref|In her memoirs, Sim's widow, [[Naomi Sim|Naomi]], wrote that he worked after leaving school at fourteen; in his 2011 biography of Sim, Mark Simpson questions this, observing that Sim took his Intermediate School Certificate at the age of sixteen|group= n}}—in his father's shop and then for the men's outfitters [[Gieves & Hawkes|Gieve's]], displaying no talent for the retail trade.{{Citation needed|date=November 2019}} In 1918 he was admitted to the [[University of Edinburgh]] to study analytical chemistry, but was called up for army training.<ref name=dnb/><br />
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After the end of the [[First World War]] in November 1918, Sim was released from military service. On his return home, he told his family that he did not intend to resume his studies at the university but instead would become an actor.<ref>Simpson, p. 19</ref> His announcement was so badly received that he left the parental home and spent about a year in the [[Scottish Highlands]] with a group of itinerant jobbing workers.<ref name=bfi>Brooke, Michael. "The actors: Alastair Sim – Funny Peculiar", ''Sight and Sound'', 15.7, [[British Film Institute]], July 2005, pp. 34–36</ref> Returning to Edinburgh, he took a post in the burgh assessor's office. In his spare time, he joined poetry reading classes, winning the gold medal for verse speaking at the Edinburgh Music Festival. This led to his engagement to teach [[elocution]] at a further education college in [[Dalry, Edinburgh|Dalry]], Edinburgh. He held this post from 1922 to 1924. After taking an advanced training course in his subject, in 1925 he successfully applied to the University of Edinburgh for the post of Fulton Lecturer in Elocution, which he held for five years.<ref name=dnb/><br />
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While maintaining his university position, Sim also taught private pupils and later founded and ran his own drama school for children in Edinburgh. This developed his skills as a director and occasional actor. One of his pupils, [[Naomi Sim|Naomi Merlith Plaskitt]], aged 12 when they met, became his wife six years later. The dramatist [[John Drinkwater (playwright)|John Drinkwater]] saw one of Sim's productions for the school and encouraged him to become a professional actor.<ref name=times>"Obituary: Mr Alastair Sim – Idiosyncratic comedian of stage and screen", ''The Times'', 21 August 1976, p. 14</ref> Through Drinkwater's influence, Sim was cast in his first professional production, ''[[Othello]]'' at the [[Savoy Theatre]], London, in 1930; he understudied the three principal male roles (played by [[Paul Robeson]], Maurice Browne and [[Ralph Richardson]]) and played the small role of the messenger.<ref name=dnb/><ref>[http://www.alastairsim.net/biography/annual_overview.htm "Biography – Annual Overview"], Alastair Sim, retrieved 11 July 2014</ref><br />
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==Early stage and screen career==<br />
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Sim followed ''Othello'' with productions ranging from a musical [[revue]] to a medieval costume drama by [[Clifford Bax]], in whose ''The Venetian'' he made his [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] debut in October 1931.<ref name=gaye>Gaye, pp. 1184–1185</ref><ref>[http://ibdb.com/production.php?id=11436 ''The Venetian''], Internet Broadway database, accessed 15 July 2014</ref> In 1932–33 he was engaged for sixteen months as a member of the [[Old Vic]] company, headed by [[Peggy Ashcroft]]. He performed in ten plays by [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]], two each by [[George Bernard Shaw|Shaw]] and [[John Drinkwater (playwright)|Drinkwater]], and one by [[Richard Brinsley Sheridan|Sheridan]]. He began to attract the attention of reviewers. ''[[The Times]]'' said that in ''[[As You Like It]]'' Sim as Duke Senior and [[George Devine]] as Duke Frederick "endowed the dukes with the properly fabulous touch of fairyland".<ref>"The Old Vic", ''The Times'', 1 November 1932, p. 12</ref> In ''[[The Observer]]'', [[Ivor Brown]] wrote that Sim's Claudius in ''[[Hamlet]]'' had "a sly roguishness that was immensely alive."<ref>Brown, Ivor. "Hamlet", ''The Observer'', 24 April 1932, p. 15</ref> During the Old Vic season, Sim married his former pupil, [[Naomi Sim|Naomi Plaskitt]], on 2 August 1932. They had one daughter, Merlith Naomi.<ref name=dnb/><br />
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For several months in 1934, Sim was incapacitated by a [[slipped disc]], which was successfully treated by [[osteopathy]]. When he recovered, he made a strong impression on [[West End theatre|West End]] audiences as Ponsonby, a sycophantic bank director in the comedy ''[[Youth at the Helm]]''.<ref name=times/> [[Ivor Brown]] called his performance "a joy … a marvellous mixture of soap and vinegar".<ref>Brown, Ivor. "The Week's Theatres – Youth at the Helm", ''The Observer'', 24 February 1935, p. 5</ref> On the strength of this success Sim was cast in his first film, ''[[The Riverside Murder]]'' (1935), in the role of the earnest but dim Sergeant McKay.<ref name=bfi/> There followed a sequence of films, a mixture of comedies and detective stories, including ''[[Wedding Group]]'' (1936), in which Sim and his wife both appeared, he as a Scottish minister, she as the maid; [[Edgar Wallace]]'s ''[[The Squeaker (1937 film)|The Squeaker]]'' (1937), after a stage production of the same piece; ''[[Alf's Button Afloat]]'' (1938) with the [[Crazy Gang (comedy group)|Crazy Gang]]; also in 1938 he played a revengeful ex-con Soapy Marks in the Associated British Picture film ''[[The Terror (1938 film)|The Terror]]'', and the "[[Inspector Hornleigh]]" series (1939–41), as the bumbling assistant of [[Gordon Harker]].<ref name=dnb/><br />
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==Starring roles==<br />
{{Main|Alastair Sim on stage and screen}}<br />
Sim returned to substantial stage roles at the last [[Malvern Festival (1929–39)|Malvern Festival]]; in [[James Bridie]]'s comedy ''What Say They?'' he played Professor Hayman, making him, as ''[[The Manchester Guardian]]'' put it, "baleful as a shaven [[John Knox]] and lean as a buzzard… a grand performance".<ref>"Malvern Festival: "Mr James Bridie's ''What Say They?''", ''The Manchester Guardian'', 8 August 1939, p. 11</ref> This was the start of an association between Sim and Bridie that lasted until the latter's death in 1951, with Sim starring in, and directing, ''Mr Bolfry'' (1943), ''The Forrigan Reel'' (1945), ''Dr Angelus'' (1947) and ''Mr Gillie'' (1950).<ref name=dnb/><br />
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[[File:Sim-mills-mitchell-escapade.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|With [[John Mills]] and [[Yvonne Mitchell]] in the comedy-thriller ''[[Escapade (1955 film)|Escapade]]'', 1955]]<br />
[[File:Sim-green-man.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|As Hawkins, the assassin, in ''[[The Green Man (film)|The Green Man]]'', 1956]]<br />
By the mid-1940s, Sim was being cast in starring roles in films. His earliest successes as a leading man included the police detective in the thriller ''[[Green for Danger (film)|Green for Danger]]'' (1946); the headmaster of Nutbourne College, co-starring with [[Margaret Rutherford]], in the farcical comedy ''[[The Happiest Days of Your Life (film)|The Happiest Days of Your Life]]'' (1950); and a writer of lurid crime fiction in the comedy ''[[Laughter in Paradise]]'' (1951). His other films included ''[[Waterloo Road (film)|Waterloo Road]]'' (1944), ''[[London Belongs to Me]]'' (1948), [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s ''[[Stage Fright (1950 film)|Stage Fright]]'' (1950), ''[[Scrooge (1951 film)|Scrooge (A Christmas Carol)]]'' (1951), ''[[Folly to Be Wise]]'' (1953) and ''[[An Inspector Calls (1954 film)|An Inspector Calls]]'' (1954).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120711154610/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b9f475edb "Alastair Sim"], British Film Institute, retrieved 13 July 2014</ref><br />
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Sim turned down the role of Joseph Macroon in ''[[Whisky Galore! (1949 film)|Whisky Galore!]]'' (1949), saying, "I can't bear professional Scotsmen".<ref>McArthur, p. 34</ref> An even more central role for which he was intended was the mad criminal mastermind Professor Marcus in ''[[The Ladykillers (1955 film)|The Ladykillers]]'' (1955). The role was written with him in mind but was finally taken by [[Alec Guinness]], who, in the words of Mark Duguid of the [[British Film Institute]], played it "with more than a hint of Sim about him", to the extent that according to Simpson many people thought then and still think that Sim played the part.<ref>Simpson, pp. 91–92</ref><ref>Duguid, Mark. [http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/441533/ "Ladykillers, The (1955)"], British Film Institute, retrieved 12 July 2013</ref><br />
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Sim's performance in ''Scrooge'' (1951) is considered by many to be the best portrayal of the title character on screen,<ref>[http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/509290/ "Scrooge" (1951)], Screenonline, retrieved 30 December 2015</ref> and it is among his best-known film roles, particularly in the U.S.{{refn|The American critic Greg Ferrara wrote, "Although there will always be dispute over which is Alastair Sim's finest screen performance, there's little doubt as to which is the best known. His 1951 characterisation of Charles Dickens' notorious curmudgeon Ebenezer Scrooge is ... generally regarded as definitive", and in 2002 John Corry of ''[[The American Spectator]]'' called the fiilm "the gold standard by which all the other versions must be judged: the 1951 film in which Alastair Sim, as Scrooge, gives the performance of his career".<ref>Ferrara, Greg. [http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article.html?id=453447%7c453734 "A Christmas Carol (1951)"], [[Turner Classic Movies]], retrieved 30 December 2015</ref> In Sim's own country he was at least as celebrated for other film roles: in ''[[The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'', [[Michael Gilbert]] identifies Sim's harassed headmaster in ''The Happiest Days of Your Life'' as "the fondest memory for many".<ref name=dnb/> and in 2005, Michael Brooke wrote in the [[British Film Institute]]'s ''[[Sight and Sound]]'', "The St Trinian's films may be the first we think of, but Alastair Sim was a vastly versatile actor without whom the landscape of British cinema's heyday would be a less joyful place." Brooke describes Sim's Scrooge as the "unimpeachably definitive" cinema portrayal.<ref name=bfi/>|group= n}} In the farcical ''[[The Belles of St. Trinian's]]'' (1954) he played the dual roles of Millicent and Clarence Fritton, the headmistress of [[St Trinian's]] and her shady brother. Having originally accepted the part of Clarence, Sim agreed to play in drag as Miss Fritton when [[Margaret Rutherford]] proved unavailable, and the director and co-producer, [[Frank Launder]] could find no suitable actress as an alternative.<ref>Simpson, pp. 121–22</ref> His "Burke and Hare" film ''The Anatomist'' debuted on British television (on "International Theatre") on 6 February 1956, and was later released theatrically in the U.S. in 1961, leading some reference sources to list it as a 1961 movie.<ref>"The Anatomist". British Film Institute. Retrieved 3 July 2014.</ref><br />
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Sim was among the top British film stars of the early and mid 1950s,{{#tag:ref| For a number of years in the 1950s, British film exhibitors voted him among the top ten local stars at the box office in an annual poll for the ''Motion Picture Herald'': 1950 – equal eighth with [[Margaret Rutherford]];<ref>"Success of British Films", ''The Times'', 29 December 1950, p. 4</ref> 1951 – 6th;<ref>[http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article63397098 "Vivien Leigh Actress of the Year"], ''[[Townsville Daily Bulletin]]'', Queensland, 29 December 1951, p. 1</ref> 1952 – 2nd;<ref>[http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18504988 "Comedian Tops Film Poll"], ''[[Sunday Herald (Australia)|Sunday Herald]]'', Sydney, 28 December 1952, p. 4</ref> 1953 – 4th; 1955 – 4th (8th overall).<ref>"The Dam Busters", ''The Times'', 29 December 1955, p. 12</ref>|group= n}} but his films of the late 1950s are considered by the critic Michael Brooke to be of lesser quality, because of poor scripts or lack of innovative direction.<ref name=bfi/> Sim made no films in the decade between 1961 and 1971; it is not clear whether this was, as Brooke suggests, because he found the scripts offered to him unacceptable or, as Simpson proposes, because film makers in the 1960s thought him unsuited to the [[Kitchen sink realism|kitchen sink]] dramas then fashionable.<ref name=bfi/><ref>Simpson, p. 162</ref><br />
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After Bridie's death in 1951, Sim appeared in only two stage productions during the rest of the decade. The first was a revival of Bridie's ''Mr &nbsp;Bolfry'' in 1956, in which Sim moved from the role of the puritanical clergyman to that of the Devil.<ref>"Aldwych Theatre", ''The Times'', 31 August 1956, p. 5</ref> The second was [[William Golding]]'s ''[[The Brass Butterfly]]'', a 1958 comedy described by ''The Times'' as portraying the relations between an urbane Roman emperor (Sim) and a Greek inventor with wildly anachronistic scientific ideas ([[George Cole (actor)|George Cole]]).<ref>"The Brass Butterfly", ''The Times'', 18 April 1958, p. 3</ref><br />
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In 1959, Sim sued the food company [[H. J. Heinz Company|H J Heinz]] over a television advertisement for its baked beans; the advertisement had a voiceover sounding remarkably like him, and he insisted that he would not "prostitute his art" by advertising anything.<ref>Simpson, pp. 150–51</ref>{{#tag:ref|The voice was that of the actor [[Ron Moody]], who regularly imitated Sim, along with many others, as part of Moody's stage act.<ref>Simpson, p. 151</ref> Sim evidently bore Moody no ill will, and they appeared together in the 1975 revival of ''The Clandestine Marriage''.<ref>Simpson, p. 187</ref>|group= n}} He lost the case and attracted some ridicule for his action, but he was conscious of the importance of his highly recognisable voice to his professional success. Brooke comments on Sim's "crowning glory: that extraordinary voice. Only [[John Gielgud|Gielgud]] rivalled his tonal control and sensitivity to the musicality of the English language."<ref name=bfi/><br />
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==1960s and last years==<br />
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After doing little stage work in the 1950s, Sim resumed his theatre career in earnest in the 1960s. His range was wide, from Prospero in ''[[The Tempest]]'' (1962) and Shylock in ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' (1964), to the villainous Captain Hook in [[J. M. Barrie|Barrie]]'s ''[[Peter and Wendy|Peter Pan]]'' (1963, 1964 and 1968) and the hapless Mr Posket in [[Arthur Wing Pinero|Pinero]]'s farce ''[[The Magistrate (play)|The Magistrate]]'' (1969). The new plays in which Sim appeared were [[Michael Gilbert]]'s ''Windfall'' (1963), [[William Trevor]]'s ''The Elephant's Foot'' (1965) and [[Ronald Millar]]'s ''Number Ten'' (1967); he directed all three productions. The first was dismissed by ''The Times'' as a tepid comedy about a progressive young headmaster thwarted by a reactionary member of his staff; the second, billed as a pre-London tour, started and finished in the provinces; the last was castigated by [[Philip Hope-Wallace]] in ''The Guardian'' as "maladroit playmaking" with a tedious plot about political machinations.<ref name=crits60s/> Sim's performances provided some consolation: in the first, ''The Times'' said, his "treacherously sweet smiles, triple takes and unheralded spasms of apoplectic fury almost make the evening worth while".<ref name=crits60s>Lyric Theatre. "Mr Sim again the Indulgent Pedagogue", ''The Times'', 3 July 1963, p. 13 (''Windfall''); "Briefing", ''The Observer'', 4 April 1965, p. 22 (''The Elephant's Foot''); and Hope-Wallace, Philip. "Number 10 at the Strand Theatre", ''The Guardian'', 16 November 1967, p. 6 (''Number Ten'')</ref><br />
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Much more successful among Sim's 1960s appearances were two productions at the [[Chichester Festival]]: [[George Colman the Elder|Colman]] and [[David Garrick|Garrick]]'s 1766 comedy ''[[The Clandestine Marriage]]'' (1966) and ''[[The Magistrate (play)|The Magistrate]]''. In the former he co-starred once more with Rutherford, whom [[J. C. Trewin]] in ''[[The Illustrated London News]]'' praised for her "irresistible comic effect"; he thought Sim "enchantingly right".<ref>Trewin, J C. "Ha! Ha! That's Admirable!", ''Illustrated London News'', 11 June 1966, p. 31</ref> In the Pinero farce three years later, Trewin was equally approving of Sim and his co-star [[Patricia Routledge]].<ref>Trewin, J C. "Frenzy by Gaslight", ''Illustrated London News'', 31 May 1969, p. 32</ref><br />
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On television, Sim portrayed Mr Justice Swallow in the comedy series ''[[Uncommon Law|Misleading Cases]]'' (1967–71), written by [[A. P. Herbert]], with [[Roy Dotrice]] as the litigious Mr Haddock over whose court cases Swallow presided with benign shrewdness.<ref>Simpson, p. 172</ref> Sim returned to the cinema in 1971 as the voice of Scrooge in an animated adaptation of ''[[A Christmas Carol (1971 film)|A Christmas Carol]]''. The following year he appeared as the Bishop in [[Peter Medak]]'s ''[[The Ruling Class (film)|The Ruling Class]]'' (1972) with [[Peter O'Toole]], and in 1975 he played a cameo in [[Richard Lester]]'s ''[[Royal Flash (film)|Royal Flash]]'' (1975) with [[Malcolm McDowell]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120713190950/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6a793817 "The Ruling Class"] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20120713184402/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6b4b8c8f "Royal Flash"], British Film Institute, retrieved 13 July 2014</ref> After playing Lord Harrogate in the 1976 [[Walt Disney Pictures|Disney]] film ''[[Escape from the Dark]]'', his last role was as the Earl in the 1976 remake of ''[[Rogue Male (1976 film)|Rogue Male]]'' opposite [[Peter O'Toole]], a role for which he literally climbed out of his sick bed, saying, "Peter needs me."<br />
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On stage Sim returned to Pinero farce, playing Augustin Jedd in ''[[Dandy Dick (play)|Dandy Dick]]'' at Chichester and then in the West End. Once again he co-starred with Patricia Routledge. His last stage appearance was in a return to the role of Lord Ogleby in a new production of ''[[The Clandestine Marriage]]'' at the Savoy in April 1975.<ref name=dnb/><br />
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==Personal life and honours==<br />
Sim and his family guarded their privacy carefully. He seldom gave press interviews and refused to sign autographs. In his view, the public's interest in him should be solely confined to his stage or screen performances. In a rare interview with the magazine ''Focus on Film'' he said, "I stand or fall in my profession by the public's judgement of my performances. No amount of publicity can dampen a good one or gloss over a bad one."<ref>Interview, ''Focus on Film'', Summer 1972, p. 10</ref><br />
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Sim and his wife Naomi promoted and encouraged young acting talent. Among their ''protégés'' was [[George Cole (actor)|George Cole]], who lived with them on and off from 1940, when he was 15 years old, until 1952, when he married and bought a house nearby. Cole appeared with Sim in eight films from ''[[Cottage to Let]]'' (1941), to ''[[Blue Murder at St Trinian's]]'' (1957).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120716031838/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2ba13a04ad "George Cole"], British Film Institute, retrieved 13 July 2014.</ref> An obituary of Naomi Sim noted in 1999: "Cole wasn't the only youngster to benefit from the Sims' generosity and love of youthful spirits. At least half a dozen others – 'our boys' as Naomi called them – mostly unhappy at home, have cherished memories of life at Forrigan, the welcoming woodland retreat built by the couple near Henley-on-Thames in 1947". They had a daughter, Merlith, who lives at Forrigan with her family. The actor George Cole lived next door to the family, remaining close to Naomi Sim to the end.<br />
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[[File:Alastair Sim memorial stone, Lothian Road - geograph.org.uk - 1615081.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Memorial stone near Sim's birthplace, Lothian Road, Edinburgh]]<br />
In 1948, Sim was elected [[Rector of the University of Edinburgh]]. He held the post until 1951; when he stood down he was made an [[Doctor of Law|honorary Doctor of Law]].<ref name=dnb/> He was appointed [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] in 1953, and refused a [[knighthood]] in the early 1970s.<ref name=dnb/> An [[English Heritage]] [[Blue Plaque#English Heritage scheme|blue plaque]] was unveiled in July 2008 at his former home at 8 Frognal Gardens, [[Hampstead]], by his daughter Merlith McKendrick at a ceremony attended by George Cole.<ref>[http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:UKNB:EGLL&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=1221B276A81189B0&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=102CDD40F14C6BDA "People"], ''The Guardian'', 23 July 2008</ref> There is a plaque commemorating Sim's birth outside the [[Edinburgh Filmhouse|Filmhouse Cinema]] in [[A700 road|Lothian Road]], Edinburgh.<ref>[http://www.filmhousecinema.com/news/view/92/alastair-sims-birthplace-located/?from=all/14 "Alastair Sim's birthplace located"], Filmhouse Cinema, retrieved 12 July 2014</ref><br />
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Sim died in 1976, aged 75, in London, from [[lung cancer]]. His widow Naomi published a memoir, ''Dance and Skylark: Fifty Years with Alastair Sim'' in 1987,<ref name=dnb/> before she passed away on 3 August 1999.<br />
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==Notes and references==<br />
'''Notes'''<br />
{{Reflist|group=n}}<br />
'''References'''<br />
{{Reflist|colwidth=25em}}<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
* {{cite book|editor-last= Gaye|editor-first=Freda |year= 1967|title=Who's Who in the Theatre |edition=fourteenth|location=London |publisher=Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons |oclc=5997224 }}<br />
* {{cite book | last= McArthur | first= Colin | year= 2003 | title= "Whiskey Galore!" and "The Maggie" | location=New York | publisher= Tauris | isbn= 1417520396 }}<br />
* {{cite book | last= Simpson | first= Mark | year= 2009| title= Alastair Sim: The Star of "Scrooge" and "The Belles of St Trinian's"| location= Stroud, UK | publisher= History Press | isbn= 978-0-7524-5372-9 }}<br />
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== Further reading ==<br />
* {{cite book | last= Quinlan | first= David | year=1992 | title= Quinlan's illustrated directory of film comedy stars| location=London | publisher= Batsford| isbn= 0713461497}}<br />
* {{cite book | last= Sim | first= Naomi | year= 1987| title= Dance and Skylark: Fifty years with Alastair Sim | location= London | publisher= Bloomsbury | isbn= 0747500525}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb name|id=0799237|name=Alastair Sim}}<br />
* {{Tcmdb name}}<br />
* {{Screenonline name|id=487433|name=Alastair Sim}}<br />
* {{IBDB name|60092}}<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080930222600/http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/feature/320/ Funny Peculiar] – Sight & Sound profile of Alastair Sim by Michael Brooke<br />
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{{succession box | before=[[Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope|Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope]]| title=[[Rector of the University of Edinburgh]] | years=1948&ndash;1951 | after=[[Alexander Fleming]]}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Sim, Alastair}}<br />
[[Category:1900 births]]<br />
[[Category:1976 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Scottish male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Academics of the University of Edinburgh]]<br />
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Deaths from lung cancer in England]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Edinburgh]]<br />
[[Category:Rectors of the University of Edinburgh]]<br />
[[Category:Scottish male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:Scottish male stage actors]]<br />
[[Category:Scottish male television actors]]<br />
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deborah_Kerr&diff=1223640544Deborah Kerr2024-05-13T12:44:36Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1223624001 by Masato.harada (talk) I've corrected the cast list in Blimp. Deborah didn't play Martha, Edith's sister</p>
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<div>{{Short description|British film and television actress (1921–2007)}}<br />
{{other uses}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=November 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Deborah Kerr<br />
| honorific_suffix = [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]]<br />
| image = Deborah Kerr in colour Allan Warren.jpg<br />
| caption = Kerr in 1973, by [[Allan Warren]]<br />
| birth_name = Deborah Jane Trimmer<ref name="auto">{{cite news| url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/13300950.the-king-and-i-actress-deborah-kerr-is-glasgows-star-and-there-is-a-birth-certificate-to-prove-it/| title=The King and I actress Deborah Kerr is Glasgow's star - and there is a birth certificate to prove it| newspaper=[[Glasgow Times]]| first=Russell| last=Leadbetter| date=20 January 2015| access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref><br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1921|09|30|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Hillhead]], [[Glasgow]], Scotland<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|2007|10|16|1921|09|30|df=yes}}<br />
| death_place = [[Botesdale]], [[Suffolk]], England<br />
| resting_place = Alfold Cemetery, [[Alfold]], near [[Guildford]], Surrey, England<br />
| awards = [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]<br />
| occupation = Actress<br />
| known for = ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]''<br />''[[From Here to Eternity]]''<br />''[[An Affair to Remember]]''<br />''[[Tea and Sympathy (film)|Tea and Sympathy]]''<br />''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]''<br />''[[Black Narcissus]]'' <br />''[[The Innocents (1961 film)|The Innocents]]'' <br />''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]''<br />''[[The Night of the Iguana (film)|The Night of the Iguana]]''<br />
| years_active = 1937–1986<br />
| children = 2<br />
| spouse = {{plainlist|<br />
* {{marriage|[[Tony Bartley]]|1945|1959|end=div}}<br />
* {{marriage|[[Peter Viertel]]|1960}}<br />
}}<br />
| relatives = [[Lex Shrapnel]] (grandson)<br />
| signature = Deborah Kerr signature.svg<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Deborah Jane Trimmer'''<ref name="auto" /> [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (30 September 1921{{spaced ndash}}16 October 2007), known professionally as '''Deborah Kerr''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ɑr}}), was a British actress. She was nominated six times for the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]], becoming the first person from [[Scotland]] to be nominated for any acting Oscar.<br />
<br />
During her international film career, Kerr won a [[Golden Globe Award]] for her performance as [[Anna Leonowens]] in the musical film ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' (1956). Her other major and best known films and performances are ''[[The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]]'' (1943), ''[[Black Narcissus]]'' (1947), ''[[Quo Vadis (1951 film)|Quo Vadis]]'' (1951), ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' (1953), ''[[Tea and Sympathy (film)|Tea and Sympathy]]'' (1956), ''[[An Affair to Remember]]'' (1957), ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' (1957), ''[[Bonjour Tristesse (film)|Bonjour Tristesse]]'' (1958), ''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]'' (1958), ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' (1960), ''[[The Innocents (1961 film)|The Innocents]]'' (1961), ''[[The Grass Is Greener]]'' (1960), and ''[[The Night of the Iguana (film)|The Night of the Iguana]]'' (1964).<br />
<br />
In 1994, having already received honorary awards from the [[Cannes Film Festival]] and [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA]], Kerr received an [[Academy Honorary Award]] with a citation recognizing her as "an artist of impeccable grace and beauty, a dedicated actress whose motion picture career has always stood for perfection, discipline and elegance".<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7051206.stm |title=British actress Kerr dies at 86 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=18 October 2007 |access-date=10 May 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Deborah Jane Trimmer<ref name="auto"/> was born on 30 September 1921 in [[Hillhead, Glasgow]],<ref name="herald">{{cite web| url=http://www.theherald.co.uk/features/features/display.var.1771494.0.0.php |title=Deborah Kerr profile |access-date=19 October 2007 |newspaper=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]] |location=Glasgow |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021045411/http://theherald.co.uk/features/features/display.var.1771494.0.0.php |archive-date=21 October 2007 }}</ref> the only daughter of Kathleen Rose ([[née]] Smale) and Capt. Arthur Charles Kerr Trimmer, a World War I veteran and pilot who lost a leg at the [[Battle of the Somme]] and later became a [[naval architect]] and [[civil engineer]]. Trimmer and Smale married, both aged 28, on 21 August 1919 in Smale's hometown of [[Lydney]], [[Gloucestershire]].<ref name=OUP>{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nbGcAQAAQBAJ&q=Deborah+Kerr| title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2005-2008| last=Goldman| first=Lawrence| date=7 March 2013| publisher=Oxford Univ Press| location=Oxford| isbn=978-0199671540| page=642}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/30/Deborah-Kerr.html |title=Deborah Kerr biography (1921–2007) |access-date=29 October 2007 |website=Filmreference.com}}</ref><br />
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Young Deborah spent the first three years of her life in the Scottish west coast town of [[Helensburgh]], where her parents lived with Deborah's grandparents in a house on West King Street. Kerr had a younger brother, Edmund Charles (born 31 May 1926), who became a journalist. He died, aged 78, in a [[road rage]] incident in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |title='Road rage' killer's appeal win |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_midlands/4861328.stm |work=BBC News |date=30 March 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Killer's term cut |url=http://archive.worcesternews.co.uk/2006/4/5/408116.html |newspaper=[[Worcester News]] |date=5 April 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722210505/http://archive.worcesternews.co.uk/2006/4/5/408116.html |archive-date=22 July 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kerr was educated at the independent Northumberland House School, [[Henleaze]] in [[Bristol, England]], and at Rossholme School, [[Weston-super-Mare]]. Kerr originally trained as a ballet dancer, first appearing on stage at [[Sadler's Wells Theatre|Sadler's Wells]] in 1938. After changing careers, she soon found success as an actress. Her first acting teacher was her aunt, Phyllis Smale, who worked at a drama school in Bristol run by Lally Cuthbert Hicks.<ref name="Telegraph"/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5212/is_2000/ai_n19128627 |title=Deborah Kerr |year=2000 |work=International Dictionary of Film and Filmmakers |publisher=St. James Press |location=Detroit |first1=Richard |last1=Sater |first2=Robert |last2=Pardi |isbn=978-1558624498 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020185730/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5212/is_2000/ai_n19128627 |archive-date=20 October 2007}}</ref> She adopted the name Deborah Kerr on becoming a film actress ("Kerr" was a family name going back to the maternal grandmother of her grandfather Arthur Kerr Trimmer).<ref name="Deborah">Braun, Eric. ''Deborah Kerr''. St. Martin's Press, 1978. {{ISBN|0-312-18895-1}}.</ref><br />
<br />
== Early career ==<br />
===Early theatre and film===<br />
Kerr's first stage appearance was at Weston-super-Mare in 1937, as "Harlequin" in the mime play ''Harlequin and Columbine''. She then went to the Sadler's Wells ballet school and in 1938 made her début in the corps de ballet in ''Prometheus''. After various walk-on parts in [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]] productions at the [[Regent's Park Open Air Theatre|Open Air Theatre]] in [[Regent's Park]], London, she joined the [[Oxford Playhouse]] repertory company in 1940, playing, ''inter alia'', "Margaret" in ''Dear Brutus'' and "Patty Moss" in ''The Two Bouquets''.<ref name="Telegraph" /><br />
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Kerr's first film role was in the British production ''[[Contraband (1940 film)|Contraband]]'' (US: ''Blackout'', 1940), aged 18 or 19, but her scenes were cut. She had a strong support role in ''[[Major Barbara (film)|Major Barbara]]'' (1941) directed by [[Gabriel Pascal]].<ref name="Time Out 2012 Major Barbara">{{cite web | title=Major Barbara | website=Time Out Worldwide | date=2012-09-10 | url=https://www.timeout.com/movies/major-barbara | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Film stardom===<br />
Kerr became known playing the lead role in the film of ''[[Love on the Dole (film)|Love on the Dole]]'' (1941). Critic [[James Agate]] wrote that ''Love on the Dole'' "is not within a mile of [[Wendy Hiller]]'s in the theatre, but it is a charming piece of work by a very pretty and promising beginner, so pretty and so promising that there is the usual yapping about a new star".<ref name="Telegraph"/><br />
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She was the female lead in ''[[Penn of Pennsylvania]]'' (1941) which was little seen; however ''[[Hatter's Castle (film)|Hatter's Castle]]'' (1942), in which she starred with [[Robert Newton]] and [[James Mason]], was very successful. She played a Norwegian resistance fighter in ''[[The Day Will Dawn]]'' (1942). She was an immediate hit with the public: an American film trade paper reported in 1942 that she was the most popular British actress with Americans.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article44833626 |title=FILM NOTES. |newspaper=[[The West Australian]] |location=Perth |date=7 December 1945 |access-date=9 July 2012 |page=13 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><br />
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Kerr played three women in [[Michael Powell]] and [[Emeric Pressburger]]'s ''[[The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]]'' (1943). During the filming, according to Powell's autobiography, Powell and she became lovers:<ref name="Powell">{{cite book |last=Powell |first=Michael |title=A Life in Movies |publisher=Faber |edition=reprint |year=2000 |isbn=978-0571204311}}</ref> "I realised that Deborah was both the ideal and the flesh-and-blood woman whom I had been searching for".<ref name="Powell"/> Kerr made clear that her surname should be pronounced the same as "car". To avoid confusion over pronunciation, [[Louis B. Mayer]], head of [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] billed her as "Kerr rhymes with Star!"<ref name="car">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/19/movies/19kerr.html |title=Deborah Kerr, Actress Known for Genteel Grace and a Sexy Beach Kiss, Dies at 86 |date=19 October 2007 |access-date=20 October 2007 |first=Douglas |last=Martin |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=Why Deborah Kerr Never Won an Oscar {{!}} Always Second Best Actress |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26kzCQ6SbxE |access-date=2024-02-16 |language=en}}</ref> Although the [[British Army]] refused to co-operate with the producers—and [[Winston Churchill]] thought the film would ruin wartime morale—''Colonel Blimp'' confounded critics when it proved to be an artistic and commercial success.<ref name="Powell"/><br />
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Powell hoped to reunite Kerr and lead actor [[Roger Livesey]] in his next film, ''[[A Canterbury Tale]]'' (1944), but her agent had sold her contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. According to Powell, his affair with Kerr ended when she made it clear to him that she would accept an offer to go to Hollywood if one were made.<ref name="Powell"/><br />
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In 1943, aged 21, Kerr made her West End début as Ellie Dunn in a revival of ''[[Heartbreak House]]'' at the [[Cambridge Theatre]], stealing attention from stalwarts such as [[Edith Evans]] and [[Isabel Jeans]]. "She has the rare gift", wrote critic <!-- Not knighted until 1954. -->[[Beverley Baxter]], "of thinking her lines, not merely remembering them. The process of development from a romantic, silly girl to a hard, disillusioned woman in three hours was moving and convincing".<ref name="Telegraph"/><br />
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Near the end of the Second World War, she also toured Holland, France, and Belgium for [[ENSA]] as Mrs Manningham in ''Gaslight'' (retitled ''Angel Street''), and Britain (with [[Stewart Granger]]).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Keene |first=Ann T. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1803828 |title=Kerr, Deborah (1921-2007), actress |date=March 2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online|doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1803828 }}</ref><br />
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[[Alexander Korda]] cast her opposite [[Robert Donat]] in ''[[Perfect Strangers (1945 film)|Perfect Strangers]]'' (1945). The film was a big hit in Britain. So too was the spy comedy drama ''[[I See a Dark Stranger]]'' (1946), in which she gave a breezy, amusing performance that dominated the action and overshadowed her co-star [[Trevor Howard]]. This film was a production of the team of [[Frank Launder]] and [[Sidney Gilliat]].<br />
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Her role as a troubled nun in the Powell and Pressburger production of ''[[Black Narcissus]]'' (1947) brought her to the attention of Hollywood producers. The film was a hit in the US, as well as the UK, and Kerr won the [[New York Film Critics Award]] as Actress of the Year. British exhibitors voted her the eighth-most popular local star at the box-office in 1947.<ref>'Bing's Lucky Number: Pa Crosby Dons 4th B.O. Crown', ''The Washington Post'' 3 January 1948: p. 12.</ref> She relocated to Hollywood and was under contract to [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]].<br />
<br />
==Hollywood==<br />
===Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer===<br />
[[File:Deborah Kerr in Young Bess trailer.jpg|thumb|Kerr in ''[[Young Bess]]'' (1953)]]<br />
Kerr's first film for MGM in Hollywood was a mature satire of the burgeoning advertising industry, ''[[The Hucksters]]'' (1947) with [[Clark Gable]] and [[Ava Gardner]]. She and [[Walter Pidgeon]] were cast in ''[[If Winter Comes]]'' (1947). She received the first of her [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] nominations for ''[[Edward, My Son]]'' (1949), a drama set and filmed in England co-starring [[Spencer Tracy]].<ref name="McLellan 2007 Deborah Kerr">{{cite web | last=McLellan | first=Dennis | title=Deborah Kerr, 86; 'Eternity' star | website=Los Angeles Times | date=2007-10-19 | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-oct-19-me-kerr19-story.html | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><br />
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In Hollywood, Kerr's British accent and manner led to a succession of roles portraying refined, reserved, and "proper" English ladies. Kerr, nevertheless, used any opportunity to discard her cool exterior. She had the lead in a comedy ''[[Please Believe Me]]'' (1950).<ref name="WarnerBros 1950 Please Believe Me">{{cite web | title=Please Believe Me | website=WarnerBros.com | date=1950-05-12 | url=https://www.warnerbros.com/movies/please-believe-me | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><br />
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Kerr appeared in two huge hits for MGM in a row. ''[[King Solomon's Mines (1950 film)|King Solomon's Mines]]'' (1950) was shot on location in Africa with [[Stewart Granger]] and [[Richard Carlson (actor)|Richard Carlson]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Thomas F Brady |newspaper=The New York Times |date=23 July 1949 |title=Deborah Kerr Gets Metro Movie Lead|id={{ProQuest|105803181}} }}</ref> This was immediately followed by her appearance in the religious epic ''[[Quo Vadis (1951 film)|Quo Vadis]]'' (1951), shot at [[Cinecittà]] in Rome, in which she played the indomitable Lygia, a first-century Christian.<br />
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She then played Princess Flavia in a remake of ''[[The Prisoner of Zenda (1952 film)|The Prisoner of Zenda]]'' (1952) with Granger and Mason. In between Paramount borrowed her to appear in ''[[Thunder in the East (1951 film)|Thunder in the East]]'' (1951) with [[Alan Ladd]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}<br />
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In 1953, Kerr "showed her theatrical mettle" as Portia in [[Joseph Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[Julius Caesar (1953 film)|Julius Caesar]]''.<ref name="Telegraph"/> She made ''[[Young Bess]]'' (1953) with Granger and [[Jean Simmons]], then appeared alongside [[Cary Grant]] in ''[[Dream Wife]]'' (1953), a flop comedy.<br />
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===''From Here to Eternity'' and Broadway===<br />
Kerr departed from [[typecasting]] with a performance that brought out her sensuality, as Karen Holmes, the embittered American military wife in [[Fred Zinnemann]]'s ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' (1953), for which she received an Oscar nomination for [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]. The [[American Film Institute]] acknowledged the iconic status of the scene from that film in which she and [[Burt Lancaster]] romped illicitly and passionately amidst crashing waves on a Hawaiian beach. The organisation ranked it 20th in its [[AFI's 100 Years…100 Passions|list of the 100 most romantic films of all time]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.afi.com/100Years/passions.aspx| title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions| website=American Film Institute| access-date=15 February 2019}}</ref><br />
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Having established herself as a film actress in the meantime, she made her Broadway debut in 1953, appearing in [[Robert Anderson (playwright)|Robert Anderson]]'s ''[[Tea and Sympathy (play)|Tea and Sympathy]]'', for which she received a [[Tony Award]] nomination. Kerr performed the same role in [[Vincente Minnelli]]'s film adaptation [[Tea and Sympathy (film)|released in 1956]]; her stage partner [[John Kerr (actor)|John Kerr]] (no relation) also appeared. In 1955, Kerr won the [[Sarah Siddons Award]] for her performance in Chicago during a national tour of the play. After her Broadway début in 1953, she toured the United States with ''Tea and Sympathy''.<ref name="McLellan 2007 Deborah Kerr"/><br />
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===Peak years of stardom===<br />
[[File:Deborah Kerr in An Affair to Remember trailer.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Kerr in ''[[An Affair to Remember]]'' (1957)]]<br />
[[File:Robert Mitchum Deborah Kerr Heaven Knows Mr. Allison 1957 (cropped).jpg|thumb|alt=Black and white photo of Robert Mitchum holding a gun standing next to Deborah Kerr in the movie Heaven Knows Mr. Allison in 1957|right|With [[Robert Mitchum]] in ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' (1957)]]<br />
Thereafter, Kerr's career choices would make her known in Hollywood for her versatility as an actress.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="car"/> She played the repressed wife in ''[[The End of the Affair (1955 film)|The End of the Affair]]'' (1955), shot in England with [[Van Johnson]]. She was a widow in love with [[William Holden]] in ''[[The Proud and Profane]]'' (1956), directed by [[George Seaton]]. Neither film was much of a hit. However Kerr then played [[Anna Leonowens]] in the film version of the [[Richard Rodgers|Rodgers]] and [[Oscar Hammerstein II|Hammerstein]] musical ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' (1956); with [[Yul Brynner]] in the lead, it was a huge hit. [[Marni Nixon]] dubbed Kerr's singing voice.<br />
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She played a nun in ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' (1957) opposite her long-time friend [[Robert Mitchum]], directed by [[John Huston]]. It was very popular as was ''[[An Affair to Remember]]'' (1957) opposite [[Cary Grant]].<ref name="McLellan 2007 Deborah Kerr"/><br />
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Kerr starred in three films with [[David Niven]]: ''[[Bonjour Tristesse (film)|Bonjour Tristesse]]'' (1958), directed by [[Otto Preminger]], ''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]'' (1958), directed by [[Delbert Mann]], which was particularly well received,<ref name="Variety 1958 Separate Tables">{{cite web | title=Separate Tables | website=Variety | date=1958-01-01 | url=https://variety.com/1957/film/reviews/separate-tables-2-1117794749/ | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref> and ''[[Eye of the Devil]]'' (1966), directed by [[J. Lee Thompson]].<br />
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She made two films at MGM: ''[[The Journey (1959 film)|The Journey]]'' (1959) reunited her with Brynner; ''[[Count Your Blessings (1959 film)|Count Your Blessings]]'' (1959), was a comedy. Both flopped, as did ''[[Beloved Infidel]]'' (1959) with [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="NYT 1959 Beloved Infidel">{{cite web | title=Screen: Fitzgerald on the Way Down; 'Beloved Infidel' Opens at the Paramount Gregory Peck, Deborah Kerr Head Cast | website=The New York Times | date=1959-11-18 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1959/11/18/archives/screen-fitzgerald-on-the-way-down-beloved-infidel-opens-at-the.html | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><br />
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==Later films==<br />
[[File:Deborah Kerr 4.jpg|thumb|Kerr in ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' (1960)]]<br />
Kerr was reunited with Mitchum in ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' (1960) shot in Australia, then ''[[The Grass Is Greener]]'' (1960), co-starring [[Cary Grant]]. She appeared in [[Gary Cooper]]'s last film ''[[The Naked Edge]]'' (1961) and starred in ''[[The Innocents (1961 film)|The Innocents]]'' (1961) where she plays a governess tormented by apparitions.<ref name="Pulver 2010 Innocents">{{cite web | last=Pulver | first=Andrew | title=The Innocents: No 11 best horror film of all time | website=the Guardian | date=2010-10-22 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/oct/22/innocents-clayton-horror | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><br />
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Kerr made her British TV debut in "Three Roads to Rome" (1963). She was another governess in ''[[The Chalk Garden (film)|The Chalk Garden]]'' (1964) and worked with John Huston again in ''[[The Night of the Iguana (film)|The Night of the Iguana]]'' (1964).<ref name="Variety 1964 Iguana">{{cite web | title=The Night of the Iguana | website=Variety | date=1964-01-01 | url=https://variety.com/1963/film/reviews/the-night-of-the-iguana-1200420509/ | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><br />
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She joined [[Dean Martin]] and [[Frank Sinatra]] in a love triangle for a romantic comedy, ''[[Marriage on the Rocks]]'' (1965).<br />
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In 1965, the producers of ''[[Carry On Screaming!]]'' offered her a fee comparable to that paid to the rest of the cast combined, but she turned it down in favour of appearing in an aborted stage version of ''[[Flowers for Algernon]]''. She replaced [[Kim Novak]] in ''[[Eye of the Devil]]'' (1966) with Niven, and was reteamed with Niven in the comedy ''[[Casino Royale (1967 film)|Casino Royale]]'' (1967), achieving the distinction of being, at 45, the oldest "[[Bond girl]]" in any [[James Bond]] film, until [[Monica Bellucci]], at the age of 50, in ''[[Spectre (2015 film)|Spectre]]'' (2015). ''Casino Royale'' was a hit as was another movie she made with Niven, ''[[Prudence and the Pill]]'' (1968).<ref name="Ebert 1968 Prudence">{{cite web | last=Ebert | first=Roger | title=Prudence and the Pill movie review (1968) | website=RogerEbert.com | date=1968-09-10 | url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/prudence-and-the-pill-1968 | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref> She made ''[[The Arrangement (film)|The Arrangement]]'' (1969) with [[Elia Kazan]], her director from the stage production of ''Tea and Sympathy''. She returned to the cinema one more time in 1985's ''[[The Assam Garden]]''.<ref name="NYT 1986 ASSAM GARDEN">{{cite web | title=FILM: 'ASSAM GARDEN,' WITH DEBORAH KERR | website=The New York Times | date=1986-07-30 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/30/movies/film-assam-garden-with-deborah-kerr.html | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Theatre==<br />
Concern about parts offered her made her abandon film at the end of the 1960s, with one exception in 1985, in favour of television and theatre work.<ref name="Deborah"/><br />
<br />
Kerr returned to the London stage in many productions, including the old-fashioned, ''The Day After the Fair'' (Lyric, 1972), a [[Peter Ustinov]] comedy, ''Overheard'' (Haymarket, 1981) and a revival of [[Emlyn Williams]]'s ''The Corn is Green''.<ref name="Telegraph"/> After her first London success in 1943, she toured England and Scotland in ''Heartbreak House''.<ref name="Baxter 2007 Deborah Kerr obituary"/><br />
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In 1975, she returned to Broadway, creating the role of Nancy in [[Edward Albee]]'s [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning play ''[[Seascape (play)|Seascape]]''.<br />
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In 1977, she came back to the West End, playing the title role in a production of [[George Bernard Shaw]]'s ''[[Candida (play)|Candida]]''.<br />
<br />
The theatre, despite her success in films, was always to remain Kerr's first love, even though going on stage filled her with trepidation:<br />
{{blockquote|I do it because it's exactly like dressing up for the grown ups. I don't mean to belittle acting but I'm like a child when I'm out there performing—shocking the grownups, enchanting them, making them laugh or cry. It's an unbelievable terror, a kind of masochistic madness. The older you get, the easier it should be but it isn't.<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1566509/Deborah-Kerr.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1566509/Deborah-Kerr.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Obituaries: Deborah Kerr |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=19 October 2007 |access-date=20 June 2020 |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
==Television==<br />
Kerr experienced a career resurgence on television in the early 1980s when she played the role of the nurse (played by [[Elsa Lanchester]] in the 1957 film of the same name) in ''[[Witness for the Prosecution (1982 film)|Witness for the Prosecution]]'', with Sir [[Ralph Richardson]]. She also did ''A Song at Twilight'' (1982).<ref>{{Cite web |title=BFI Screenonline: Woman of Substance, A (1984) |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/1294335/index.html |access-date=2023-09-26 |website=www.screenonline.org.uk}}</ref><br />
<br />
She took on the role of the older Emma Harte, a [[tycoon]], in the adaptation of [[Barbara Taylor Bradford]]'s ''[[A Woman of Substance (TV series)|A Woman of Substance]]'' (1985). For this performance, Kerr was nominated for an [[Emmy Award]].<ref name="Television Academy Woman of Substance">{{cite web | title=Barbara Taylor Bradford's A Woman of Substance | website=Television Academy | url=https://www.emmys.com/shows/barbara-taylor-bradfords-woman-substance | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kerr rejoined old screen partner Mitchum in ''[[Reunion at Fairborough]]'' (1985). Other TV roles included ''Ann and Debbie'' (1986) and ''[[Hold the Dream]]'' (1986), the latter a sequel to ''A Woman of Substance''.<ref name="NYT 1986 Substance sequel">{{cite web | title=Sequel to 'A Woman of Substance' | website=The New York Times | date=1986-10-27 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/27/arts/sequel-to-a-woman-of-substance.html | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Kerr's first marriage was to [[Squadron Leader]] [[Tony Bartley|Anthony Bartley]] [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] on 29 November 1945. They had two daughters, [[Melanie Jane Bartley|Melanie Jane]] (born 27 December 1947) and Francesca Ann (born 18 December 1951, who married the actor [[John Shrapnel]]). The marriage was troubled, owing to Bartley's envy of his wife's fame and financial success,<ref name="Deborah"/> and because her career often took her away from home. They divorced in 1959.<br />
<br />
Her second marriage was to author [[Peter Viertel]] on 23 July 1960. In marrying Viertel, she became stepmother to Viertel's daughter, Christine Viertel. Although she long resided in [[Klosters]], Switzerland, and [[Marbella]], Spain, Kerr moved back to Britain to be closer to her own children as her health began to deteriorate. Her husband, however, continued to live in Marbella.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/actress-deborah-kerr-dies-at-86/| title=Actress Deborah Kerr Dies at 86| date=18 October 2007| work=[[CBS News]]| access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Stewart Granger]] said in his autobiography that in 1945 she had approached him romantically in the back of his chauffeur-driven car at the time he was making ''Caesar and Cleopatra''.<ref>{{cite book| last=Granger| first=Stewart| title=Sparks Fly Upward| publisher=Harper Collins| year=1981| pages=88–91| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGpZAAAAMAAJ&q=Deborah+Kerr| isbn=978-0399126741}}</ref> Although he was married to [[Elspeth March]], he states that he and Kerr went on to have an affair.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leninimports.com/stewart_granger.html#partone |title=Stewart Granger |access-date=19 November 2007 |website=Lenin Imports}}</ref> When asked about this revelation, Kerr's response was, "What a gallant man he is!"<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-stewart-granger-1461853.html|title=Obituary: Stewart Granger| last=Vallance |first=Tom |date=17 August 1993 |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |location=London}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
[[File:The grave of Deborah Kerr, Alfold churchyard in Surrey.png|thumb|The grave of Deborah Kerr, Alfold churchyard in Surrey]]<br />
Kerr died aged 86 on 16 October 2007 at [[Botesdale]], a village in the county of [[Suffolk]], England, from the effects of [[Parkinson's disease]].<ref name="ClarkM-USAT-obit">Clark, Mike (18 October 2007). [https://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-10-18-kerr-obit_n.htm "Actress Deborah Kerr dies at age 86"]. ''[[USA Today]]''.</ref><ref name="CNN-obit">[http://www.cnn.com/2007/SHOWBIZ/Movies/10/18/obit.kerr.ap/index.html "''From Here to Eternity'' actress Kerr dies."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830053325/http://www.cnn.com/2007/SHOWBIZ/Movies/10/18/obit.kerr.ap/index.html |date=30 August 2008 }} ''[[CNN]]''. 18 October 2007</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Actress Deborah Kerr has died |newspaper=[[Detroit Free Press]] |url=http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071018/NEWS07/71018026/0/COL14 |date=18 October 2007 |access-date=18 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020135708/http://freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20071018%2FNEWS07%2F71018026%2F0%2FCOL14 |archive-date=20 October 2007 |url-status=dead |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
Within three weeks of her death, her husband Peter Viertel died of cancer on 4 November.<ref>{{cite news| title=Peter Viertel, 86, Writer| url=https://variety.com/2007/scene/markets-festivals/peter-viertel-86-writer-1117975519/| date=7 November 2007| newspaper=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]| access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> At the time of Viertel's death, director Michael Scheingraber was filming the documentary ''Peter Viertel: Between the Lines'', which includes reminiscences concerning Kerr and the Academy Awards.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.peterviertel.com/between_the_lines.html |title=Between The Lines A film by Michael Scheingraber |publisher=eeweems.com |access-date=10 May 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
=== Film ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Director !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 1940 || ''[[Contraband (1940 film)|Contraband]]'' || Cigarette Girl || [[Michael Powell]] || Scenes deleted<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1941 || ''[[Major Barbara (film)|Major Barbara]]'' || Jenny Hill || [[Gabriel Pascal]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Love on the Dole (film)|Love on the Dole]]'' || Sally Hardcastle || [[John Baxter (director)|John Baxter]] || Nomination — [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"| 1942 || ''[[Penn of Pennsylvania]]'' || Gulielma Maria Springett || rowspan=2|[[Lance Comfort]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Hatter's Castle (film)|Hatter's Castle]]'' || Mary Brodie|| <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Day Will Dawn]]'' || Kari Alstad || [[Harold French]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''A Battle for a Bottle'' || Linda (voice)|| || Animated short <br />
|-<br />
| 1943 || ''[[The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]]'' || Edith Hunter<br />Barbara Wynne<br />Johnny Cannon || [[Powell and Pressburger]] || Nomination — [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1945 || ''[[Perfect Strangers (1945 film)|Perfect Strangers]]'' || Catherine Wilson || [[Alexander Korda]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1946 || ''[[I See a Dark Stranger]]'' || Bridie Quilty || [[Frank Launder]] || [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"| 1947 || ''[[Black Narcissus]]'' || Sister Clodagh || [[Powell and Pressburger]] || [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress]]<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Hucksters]]'' || Kay Dorrance || [[Jack Conway (filmmaker)|Jack Conway]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[If Winter Comes]]'' || Nona Tybar || [[Victor Saville]] || <br />
|-<br />
| 1949 || ''[[Edward, My Son]]'' || Evelyn Boult || [[George Cukor]] || Nomination — [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] <br /> Nomination — [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1950 || ''[[Please Believe Me]]'' || Alison Kirbe || [[Norman Taurog]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[King Solomon's Mines (1950 film)|King Solomon's Mines]]'' || Elizabeth Curtis || [[Compton Bennett]] <br/> [[Andrew Marton]] ||<br />
|-.<br />
| 1951 || ''[[Quo Vadis (1951 film)|Quo Vadis]]'' || Lygia || [[Mervyn LeRoy]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1952 || ''[[Thunder in the East (1951 film)|Thunder in the East]]'' || Joan Willoughby || [[Charles Vidor]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Prisoner of Zenda (1952 film)|The Prisoner of Zenda]]'' || Princess Flavia || [[Richard Thorpe]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"| 1953 || ''[[Julius Caesar (1953 film)|Julius Caesar]]'' || [[Porcia (wife of Brutus)|Portia]] || [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Young Bess]]'' || [[Catherine Parr]] || [[George Sidney]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Dream Wife]]'' || Effie || [[Sidney Sheldon]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' || Karen Holmes || [[Fred Zinnemann]] || Nomination — [[Academy Award for Best Actress]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1955 || ''[[The End of the Affair (1955 film)|The End of the Affair]]'' || Sarah Miles || [[Edward Dmytryk]] || Nomination — [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"| 1956 || ''[[The Proud and Profane]]'' || Lee Ashley || [[George Seaton]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' || [[Anna Leonowens]] || [[Walter Lang]] || [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical]] <br /> Nomination — [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] <br /> Nomination — [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress]] <br /> Singing dubbed by [[Marni Nixon]] <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Tea and Sympathy (film)|Tea and Sympathy]]'' || Laura Reynolds || [[Vincent Minnelli]] || Nomination — [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress]] <br /> Nomination — [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1957 || ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' || Sister Angela || [[John Huston]] || [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress]] <br /> Nomination — [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] <br /> Nomination — [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]] <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[An Affair to Remember]]'' || Terry McKay || [[Leo McCarey]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1958 || ''[[Bonjour Tristesse (film)|Bonjour Tristesse]]'' || Anne Larson || [[Otto Preminger]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]'' || Sibyl Railton-Bell || [[Delbert Mann]] || Nomination — [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] <br /> Nomination — [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"| 1959 || ''[[The Journey (1959 film)|The Journey]]'' || Diana Ashmore || [[Anatole Litvak]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Count Your Blessings (1959 film)|Count Your Blessings]]'' || Grace Allingham || [[Jean Negulesco]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Beloved Infidel]]'' || [[Sheilah Graham]] || [[Henry King (director)|Henry King]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1960 || ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' || Ida Carmody || [[Fred Zinnemann]] || [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress]] <br /> Nomination — [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] <br /> Nomination — [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role]]<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Grass Is Greener]]'' || Lady Hilary Rhyall || [[Stanley Donen]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1961 || ''[[The Naked Edge]]'' || Martha Radcliffe || [[Michael Anderson (director)|Michael Anderson]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Innocents (1961 film)|The Innocents]]'' || Miss Giddens || [[Jack Clayton]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1964 || ''[[The Chalk Garden (film)|The Chalk Garden]]'' || Miss Madrigal || [[Ronald Neame]] || Nomination — [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role]]<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Night of the Iguana (film)|The Night of the Iguana]]'' || Hannah Jelkes || [[John Huston]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1965 || ''[[Marriage on the Rocks]]'' || Valerie Edwards || [[Jack Donohue (director)|John Donohue]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1966 || ''[[Eye of the Devil]]'' || Catherine de Montfaucon || [[J. Lee Thompson]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1967 || ''[[Casino Royale (1967 film)|Casino Royale]]'' || Agent Mimi/Lady Fiona McTarry || [[John Huston]]<br>[[Val Guest]]<ref>{{cite magazine| url=http://www.007magazine.co.uk/casino_royale-50.htm|title= Casino Royale is too much for one James Bond| magazine=007 Magazine| date=July 2017| issue=40}}</ref> || <br />
|-<br />
| 1968 || ''[[Prudence and the Pill]]'' || Prudence Hardcastle || [[Fielder Cook]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1969 || ''[[The Gypsy Moths]]'' || Elizabeth Brandon || [[John Frankenheimer]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Arrangement (film)|The Arrangement]]'' || Florence Anderson || [[Elia Kazan]] || <br />
|-<br />
|1985 || ''[[The Assam Garden]]'' || Helen Graham || Mary McMurray ||<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|1963 || ''[[ITV Play of the Week]]'' || Moira || Episode: Three Roads to Rome <br />
|-<br />
| 1982 || ''[[BBC2 Playhouse]]'' || Carlotta Gray || Episode: ''A Song at Twilight''<br />
|-<br />
|1982 || ''[[Witness for the Prosecution (1982 film)|Witness for the Prosecution]]'' || Nurse Plimsoll || Television movie <br />
|-<br />
| 1985 || ''[[A Woman of Substance (TV series)|A Woman of Substance]]'' || Emma Harte || Miniseries<br />
|-<br />
|1985 || ''[[Reunion at Fairborough]]'' || Sally Wells Grant || Television movie<br />
|-<br />
|1986 || ''Annie and Debbie'' || Ann || Television movie<br />
|-<br />
| 1986 || ''[[Hold the Dream]]'' || Emma Harte || Miniseries<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Theatre ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Venue <br />
|-<br />
|1943 || ''[[Heartbreak House]]'' || Ellie Dunn || [[Cambridge Theatre]], London<br />
|-<br />
|1953 || ''[[Tea and Sympathy (play)|Tea and Sympathy]]'' || Laura Reynolds || [[Ethel Barrymore Theatre]], New York City<br />
|-<br />
|1972 || ''The Day After the Fair'' || Edith || [[Lyric Theatre, London|Lyric Theatre]], London<br />
|-<br />
|1975 || ''[[Seascape (play)|Seascape]]'' || Nancy || [[Shubert Theatre (New York City)|Shubert Theatre]], New York City<br />
|-<br />
|1977 || ''[[Long Day's Journey into Night]]'' || Mary Tyrone || [[Ahmanson Theatre]], Los Angeles<br />
|-<br />
|1977 || ''[[Candida (play)|Candida]]'' || Candida || [[Noël Coward Theatre|Albery Theatre]], London<br />
|-<br />
|1978 || ''[[The Last of Mrs. Cheyney (play)|The Last of Mrs. Cheyney]]'' || Mrs. Cheyney || Eisenhower Theatre, [[Kennedy Center]], Washington DC<br />
|-<br />
|1981 || ''Overheard'' || || [[Theatre Royal Haymarket]], London<br />
|-<br />
|1985 || ''[[The Corn is Green]]'' || Miss Moffat || [[The Old Vic]], London<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Radio ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Program !! Episode/Source<br />
|-<br />
| 1944|| ''A Date with Nurse Dugdale'' || BBC Home Service, 19 May 1944. <br/>Guest star role in the penultimate episode.<br />
|-<br />
| 1952|| ''[[Lux Radio Theatre]]'' || ''[[King Solomon's Mines (1950 film)|King Solomon's Mines]]''<ref>{{cite news| last1=Kirby| first1=Walter| title=Better Radio Programs for the Week| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2613711/the_decatur_daily_review/| newspaper=The Decatur Daily Review| date=30 November 1952| page=48| via=[[Newspapers.com]]| access-date=14 June 2015}} {{Open access}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1952|| ''[[Hallmark Playhouse]]'' || ''The Pleasant Lea''<ref>{{cite news| last1=Kirby| first1=Walter| title=Better Radio Programs for the Week| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2477300/the_decatur_daily_review/| newspaper=The Decatur Daily Review| date=9 March 1952| page=42| via=Newspapers.com| access-date=23 May 2015}} {{Open access}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1952|| ''Hollywood Sound Stage'' || ''[[Michael and Mary]]''<ref name="Better Radio Programs for the Week">{{cite news| last1=Kirby| first1=Walter| title=Better Radio Programs for the Week| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2470060/the_decatur_daily_review/| newspaper=The Decatur Daily Review| date=16 March 1952| page=44| via=Newspapers.com| access-date=23 May 2015}} {{Open access}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1952|| ''[[Suspense (radio drama)|Suspense]]'' || ''The Colonel's Lady''<ref>{{cite news| last1=Kirby| first1=Walter| title=Better Radio Programs for the Week| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2448157/the_decatur_daily_review/| newspaper=The Decatur Daily Review| date=30 March 1952| page=46| via=Newspapers.com| access-date=18 May 2015}} {{Open access}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1952|| ''[[Hollywood Star Playhouse]]'' || ''Companion Wanted''<ref name="Better Radio Programs for the Week"/><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Awards and nominations ==<br />
<br />
'''[[Academy Awards]]'''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="5"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"|Year<br />
! width="35%"|Category<br />
! width="35%"|Work<br />
! width="10%"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[22nd Academy Awards|1950]] || rowspan="6"|[[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || ''[[Edward, My Son]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[26th Academy Awards|1954]] || ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[29th Academy Awards|1957]] || ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[30th Academy Awards|1958]] || ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[31st Academy Awards|1959]] || ''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[33rd Academy Awards|1961]] || ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[66th Academy Awards|1994]] || [[Academy Honorary Award|Honorary Oscar]] || -- || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
She is tied with [[Thelma Ritter]] and [[Amy Adams]] as the actresses with the second most nominations without winning, surpassed only by [[Glenn Close]], who has been nominated eight times without winning.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
'''[[British Academy Film Awards]]'''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="5"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"|Year<br />
! width="35%"|Category<br />
! width="35%"|Work<br />
! width="10%"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[9th British Academy Film Awards|1956]] || rowspan="4"| [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|Best British Actress]] ||''[[The End of the Affair (1955 film)|The End of the Affair]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[11th British Academy Film Awards|1958]] || ''[[Tea and Sympathy (film)|Tea and Sympathy]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[15th British Academy Film Awards|1962]] || ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[18th British Academy Film Awards|1965]] || ''[[The Chalk Garden (film)|The Chalk Garden]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[44th British Academy Film Awards|1991]] || Special Award || -- || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''[[Primetime Emmy Awards]]'''<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="5"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"|Year<br />
! width="35%"|Category<br />
! width="35%"|Work<br />
! width="10%"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[37th Primetime Emmy Awards|1985]] || [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie|Outstanding Supporting Actress - Limited Series]] || ''[[A Woman of Substance (miniseries)|A Woman of Substance]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''[[Golden Globe Awards]]'''<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="5"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"|Year<br />
! width="35%"|Category<br />
! width="35%"|Work<br />
! width="10%"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[7th Golden Globe Awards|1950]] || [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama|Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama]] || ''[[Edward, My Son]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[14th Golden Globe Awards|1957]] || [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy|Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy]] || ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[15th Golden Globe Awards|1958]] || rowspan="2" | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama|Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama]] || ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| [[16th Golden Globe Awards|1959]] || ''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
| Henrietta Award (World Film Favorite) || -- || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''[[New York Film Critics Circle|NYFCC Awards]]'''<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="5"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"|Year<br />
! width="35%"|Category<br />
! width="35%"|Work<br />
! width="10%"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[1946 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|1946]] || rowspan="5"| [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || ''[[The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]]'', ''[[Love on the Dole]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[1947 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|1947]] || ''[[Black Narcissus]]'', ''[[I See a Dark Stranger]]'' || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[1956 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|1956]] || ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'', ''[[Tea and Sympathy (film)|Tea and Sympathy]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[1957 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|1957]] || ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[1960 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|1960]] || ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Honours ==<br />
[[File:Deborah Kerr Star HWF.JPG|thumb|right|Kerr's star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] at 1709 Vine Street]]<br />
<br />
Kerr was made a Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) in 1998, but was unable to accept the honour in person because of ill health.<ref name="Baxter 2007 Deborah Kerr obituary">{{cite news |first=Brian |last=Baxter |title=Deborah Kerr |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2007/oct/18/obituaries.news |format=obituary |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=18 October 2007 |access-date=20 June 2020 |location=London}}</ref> She was also honoured in Hollywood, where she received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] at 1709 Vine Street for her contributions to the motion picture industry.<br />
<br />
Although nominated six times as Best Actress, Kerr never won a competitive Oscar. In 1994, [[Glenn Close]] presented Kerr with the [[Honorary Oscar]] for lifetime achievement with a citation recognising her as "an artist of impeccable grace and beauty, a dedicated actress whose motion picture career has always stood for perfection, discipline and elegance".<ref>{{cite news| url=https://observer.com/2018/02/biggest-snubs-in-academy-awards-history-glenn-close-alfred-hitchcock/| title=Biggest Snubs in Academy Awards History| last=White| first=Jim| date=2 February 2018 |work=[[Observer Media|Observer]]|location=New York|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kerr won a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress&nbsp;– Motion Picture Musical or Comedy|Golden Globe Award for "Best Actress&nbsp;– Motion Picture Musical or Comedy"]] for ''The King and I'' in 1957 and a Henrietta Award for "World Film Favorite&nbsp;– Female". She was the first performer to win the [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress|New York Film Critics Circle Award for "Best Actress"]] three times (1947, 1957 and 1960).{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}<br />
<br />
Although she never won a [[BAFTA]] or [[Cannes Film Festival]] award in a competitive category, both organisations gave Kerr honorary awards: a Cannes Film Festival Tribute in 1984<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ina.fr/archivespourtous/index.php?vue=notice&id_notice=CPB93005735 |title=Pierre Tchernia présentateur du palmares du festival de Cannes |access-date=20 June 2020 |date=23 May 1984 |trans-title=Pierre Tchernia, presenter of the Cannes Festival palmares |publisher=Festival International de Cannes |language=fr}}</ref> and a BAFTA Special Award in 1991.<ref name="Telegraph" /><br />
<br />
In September and October 2010, Josephine Botting of the [[British Film Institute]] curated the "Deborah Kerr Season", which included around twenty of her feature films and an exhibition of posters, memorabilia and personal items loaned by her family.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}<br />
<br />
In September 2021, Kerr's grandsons, Joe and [[Lex Shrapnel]], unveiled a memorial plaque at the former family home in [[Weston-super-Mare]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pickstock |first1=Heather |title=Hollywood actress Deborah Kerr recognised in home town of Weston-super-Mare |url=https://www.somersetlive.co.uk/news/somerset-news/hollywood-actress-deborah-kerr-recognised-5862536 |website=Somerset Live |date=3 September 2021 |access-date=5 September 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 30 September 2021, on what would have been Kerr's one hundredth birthday, the [[Lord Provost]] of Glasgow, [[Philip Braat]], unveiled a memorial plaque in Ruskin Terrace, on the site of the nursing home where Kerr was born.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Anderson |first1=Deborah |title=Glasgow roots of Hollywood star celebrated as plaque is unveiled |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19617170.glasgow-roots-hollywood-star-celebrated-plaque-unveiled/ |access-date=1 October 2021 |work=The Herald |date=1 October 2021 |page=3}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Patricia Bartley]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* Braun, Eric. ''Deborah Kerr''. St. Martin's Press, 1978. {{ISBN|0-312-18895-1}}.<br />
* Capua, Michelangelo. ''Deborah Kerr. A Biography''. McFarland, 2010. {{ISBN|978-0-7864-5882-0}}.<br />
* Street, Sarah. ''Deborah Kerr''. British Film Institute, 2018. {{ISBN|978-1844576753}}.<br />
* Powell, Michael. ''A Life in Movies''. Heinemann, 1986. {{ISBN|0-434-59945-X}}.<br />
* Andrew, Penelope. "Deborah Kerr: An Actress in Search of an Author". ''Bright Lights Film Journal'', May 2011, Issue #72. [http://www.brightlightsfilm.com/72/72kerr_andrew.php Deborah Kerr: An Actress in Search of an Author], (c) Penelope Andrew, 2011.<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
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* {{IBDB name}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|0000039}}<br />
* {{Tcmdb name}}<br />
* [http://www.deborahkerr.weebly.com Deborah Kerr "Rhymes with Star" tribute site]<br />
* [http://www.helensburghheroes.com/heroes/deborah_kerr Deborah Kerr] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707035710/http://www.helensburghheroes.com/heroes/deborah_kerr |date=7 July 2011 }} at Helensburgh Heroes.<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080926023358/http://www.cinemagraphe.com/enigma-deborah-kerr.php The Enigma of Deborah Kerr], ephemera, media files and essay at cinemagraphe.com.<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080611114714/http://sydneyfilmfestival.org/films.asp?sID=4&id=71 "From Kerr To Eternity"], 55th Sydney Film Festival Deborah Kerr retrospective (2008).<br />
* [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-russnow/deborah-kerr-rhymes-with_b_95546.html Deborah Kerr Rhymes With Star, and What a Star She Was: She Deserves to be Remembered, Too], ''[[Huffington Post]]'', 7 April 2008.<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080417100010/http://www.pedroalmodovar.es/PAB_EN_01TAbrazosRotos.asp Deborah Kerr tribute] by Spanish director Pedro Almodóvar, whose script for his film ''[[Broken Embraces]]'' was influenced by his reflections on her at the time of her death.<br />
* [http://www.deborahkerr.es Extensive collection of press articles from the 1940s to 2000s, photo galleries and other information] at deborahkerr.es (April 2009).<br />
* [http://film.virtual-history.com/person.php?personid=1615 Photographs and literature] at virtual-history.com.<br />
<br />
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[[Category:British expatriate actresses in the United States]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Life_and_Death_of_Colonel_Blimp&diff=1223640308The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp2024-05-13T12:42:53Z<p>SteveCrook: /* Cast */ Deborah didn't play Martha Hunter, Edith's sister.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|1943 film by Emeric Pressburger, Michael Powell}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = The Life and Death of<br />Colonel Blimp<br />
| image = Colonel Blimp poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Cinema poster<br />
| director = [[Michael Powell]]<br />[[Emeric Pressburger]]<br />
| producer = Michael Powell<br />Emeric Pressburger<br />
| writer = Michael Powell<br />Emeric Pressburger<br />
| starring = [[Roger Livesey]]<br>[[Anton Walbrook]]<br>[[Deborah Kerr]]<br />
| music = [[Allan Gray (composer)|Allan Gray]]<br />
| cinematography = [[Georges Périnal|Georges Perinal]]<br />
| editing = [[John Seabourne|John Seabourne Sr.]]<br />
| studio = [[Powell and Pressburger|The Archers]]<br />
| distributor = [[General Film Distributors]]<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1943|6|10}}<br />
| runtime = 163 minutes<br />
| country = United Kingdom<br />
| language = English<br />
| budget = [[Pound sterling|£]]200,000 or US$2 million<ref>{{cite journal |date= 3 November 1944|title=Indies $70,000,000 Pix Output |url= https://archive.org/stream/variety156-1944-11#page/n2/mode/1up|journal= Variety|pages = 3|access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref> or £188,812<ref>{{Cite book | first = Kevin|last= Macdonald | author-link = Kevin Macdonald (director) | title = Emeric Pressburger: The Life and Death of a Screenwriter | page = [https://archive.org/details/emericpressburge00macd/page/223 223] | year = 1994 | publisher = Faber and Faber | isbn = 978-0-571-16853-8 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/emericpressburge00macd/page/223 }}</ref><br />
|gross = $275,472 (US)<ref name="sarah">Street, Sarah (2002), ''Transatlantic Crossings: British Feature Films in the USA'', Continuum, p. 97.</ref><br />
}}<br />
'''''The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp''''' is a 1943 British romantic-war film written, produced and directed by the British film-making team of [[Powell and Pressburger|Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger]]. It stars [[Roger Livesey]], [[Deborah Kerr]] and [[Anton Walbrook]]. The title derives from the satirical [[Colonel Blimp]] comic strip by [[David Low (cartoonist)|David Low]], but the story is original. One film critic has described it as "England's greatest film ever"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/03/the-greatest-british-film-ever-is-the-life-and-death-of-colonel-blimp/274381/|title=The Greatest British Film Ever is 'The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp'|first=Colin|last=Fleming|magazine=The Atlantic|date=27 March 2013}}</ref> and it is renowned for its sophistication and directorial brilliance as well as for its script, the performances of its large cast and for its pioneering [[Technicolor]] cinematography. Among its distinguished company of actors, particular praise has been reserved for Livesey, Walbrook and Kerr.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Major-General Clive Wynne-Candy is a senior commander in the [[Home Guard (United Kingdom)|Home Guard]] during the Second World War. Before a training exercise, he is "captured" in a [[Turkish bath]] by soldiers led by Lieutenant "Spud" Wilson, who has struck pre-emptively. He ignores Candy's outraged protests that "War starts at midnight!" They scuffle and fall into a bathing pool.<br />
<br />
An extended flashback ensues.<br />
<br />
'''Boer War'''<br><br />
In 1902, Lieutenant Candy is on leave from the [[Second Boer War|Boer War]], where he has won the [[Victoria Cross]]. He receives a letter from Edith Hunter, who is working in Berlin. She complains that a German named Kaunitz is spreading anti-British "propaganda" regarding the [[Second Boer War concentration camps]], and she wants the British embassy to intervene. When Candy brings this to his superiors' attention, they refuse him permission to go to Berlin, but he goes anyway.<br />
<br />
In Berlin, Candy and Edith go to a café, where he confronts Kaunitz. Provoked, Candy inadvertently insults the Imperial German Army officer corps. The Germans insist he fight a duel with an officer chosen by lot: Theo Kretschmar-Schuldorff. In the duel, both Candy and Theo suffer injuries, but become friends while recuperating. Edith visits them regularly and, although it is implied that she has feelings for Candy,<ref>This is suggested by Michael Powell in the DVD commentary track.</ref> she becomes engaged to Theo. Candy is delighted, but soon realises that he loves her himself. Upon returning home, Candy takes Edith's sister Martha to the opera, but no romance is sparked.<br />
<br />
'''First World War'''<br><br />
In November 1918, Candy, now a brigadier general, believes the Allies won the First World War because "right is might". While in France with his driver Murdoch, Candy meets nurse Barbara Wynne, who bears a striking resemblance to Edith. He courts and marries her despite their 20-year age difference, while Murdoch becomes their butler.<br />
<br />
In July 1919, Candy tracks Theo down at a [[prisoner of war]] camp in [[Derbyshire]]. Candy greets him as if nothing has changed, but Theo snubs him.<br />
<br />
On 26 August, about to be repatriated to Germany, Theo apologises and accepts an invitation to Candy's house. He remains sceptical that his country will be treated fairly.<br />
<br />
Barbara dies in August 1926, and Candy retires in 1935.<br />
<br />
'''Second World War'''<br><br />
In November 1939, Theo relates to a British Immigration official how he was estranged from his children when they became Nazis. Before the war, he refused to move to England when Edith wanted; by the time he was ready, she had died. Candy vouches for Theo.<br />
<br />
Candy reveals to Theo that he loved Edith and only realised it after it was too late. He admits that he never got over it. Theo meets Angela "Johnny" Cannon, who is Candy's [[Mechanised Transport Corps|MTC driver]]; Theo is struck by her resemblance to Barbara and Edith.<br />
<br />
Candy, restored to the active list as a major-general, is to give a BBC radio talk regarding the [[Operation Dynamo|retreat from Dunkirk]]. Candy plans to say he would rather lose the war than win it using the methods employed by [[Nazi Germany|the Nazis]]: his talk is cancelled. Theo urges his friend to accept the need to fight and win by whatever means are necessary because the consequences of losing are so dire.<br />
<br />
Candy again is retired, but, at Theo's and Angela's urging, turns his energy to the [[Home Guard (United Kingdom)|Home Guard]] - his efforts in building this organisation win him national press attention.{{efn|in a magazine article shown on the screen his Home Guard rank is given as Zone Commander, equivalent to brigadier. However, he is shown wearing the insignia of a colonel.}} His house is bombed in [[the Blitz]], claiming the life of Murdoch, and the land is replaced by an emergency water supply cistern. He moves to his [[Gentlemen's club|club]], where he relaxes in a Turkish bath before a training exercise he has arranged.<br />
<br />
The brash young lieutenant who captures Candy is Angela's boyfriend, who used her to learn about Candy's plans and location. She tries to warn Candy, but it is too late. <br />
<br />
Theo and Angela find Candy sitting across the street from where his house stood. He recalls that after being dressed down by his superior for causing the diplomatic incident, he declined the man's invitation to dinner, and often regretted doing so. He tells Angela to invite her boyfriend to dine with him.<br />
<br />
Years before, Candy promised Barbara that he would "never change" until his house was flooded and "this is a lake". Seeing the cistern, he realises that "here is the lake and I still haven't changed". Candy salutes the new guard as it passes by him.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{castlist|<br />
*[[Roger Livesey]] as Clive Wynne-Candy<br />
*[[Deborah Kerr]] as Edith Hunter / Barbara Wynne / Angela "Johnny" Cannon<br />
*[[Anton Walbrook]] as Theo Kretschmar-Schuldorff<br />
*[[Ursula Jeans]] as Frau von Kalteneck<br />
*James McKechnie as Spud Wilson<br />
*[[David Hutcheson]] as Hoppy<br />
*[[Frith Banbury]] as David "Baby-Face" Fitzroy<br />
*[[Muriel Aked]] as Aunt Margaret<br />
*[[John Laurie]] as Murdoch<br />
*Neville Mapp as Stuffy Graves<br />
*[[Vincent Holman]] as Club porter (1942)<br />
*[[Spencer Trevor]] as Period Blimp<br />
*[[Roland Culver]] as Colonel Betteridge<br />
*[[James Knight (actor)|James Knight]] as Club porter (1902)<br />
*[[Dennis Arundell]] as Café orchestra leader<br />
*David Ward as Kaunitz<br />
*[[Valentine Dyall]] as von Schönborn<br />
*[[A. E. Matthews]] as President of Tribunal<br />
*[[Carl Jaffe]] as von Reumann<br />
*[[Albert Lieven]] as von Ritter<br />
*[[Eric Maturin]] as Colonel Goodhead<br />
*[[Robert Harris (English actor)|Robert Harris]] as Embassy Secretary<br />
*[[Arthur Wontner]] as Embassy Counsellor<br />
*[[Theodore Zichy]] as Colonel Borg<br />
*Jane Millican as Nurse Erna<br />
*[[Reginald Tate]] as van Zijl<br />
*Captain W. Barrett as The Texan<br />
*Corporal Thomas Palmer as The Sergeant<br />
*Yvonne Andre as The Nun<br />
*Marjorie Gresley as The Matron<br />
*[[Felix Aylmer]] as The Bishop<br />
*Helen Debroy as Mrs. Wynne<br />
*[[Norman Pierce]] as Christopher Wynne, his father-in-law<br />
*[[Harry Welchman]] as Major Davies<br />
*[[Edward Cooper (actor)|Edward Cooper]] as BBC Official<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Cast notes:'''<br />
*Making their second appearance in ''The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp'' were director [[Michael Powell]]'s golden cocker spaniels, Erik and Spangle, who had appeared in ''[[Contraband (1940 film)|Contraband]]'' (1940), and were seen in the Powell and Pressburger films ''[[I Know Where I'm Going!]]'' (1945) and ''[[A Matter of Life and Death (film)|A Matter of Life and Death]]'' (US: ''Stairway to Heaven'', 1946).<ref>{{IMDb name|1521132|Erik}}, {{IMDb name|1526257|Spangle}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
<br />
=== Writing and casting ===<br />
According to the directors, the idea for the film did not come from the newspaper comic strip by [[David Low (cartoonist)|David Low]] but from a scene cut from their previous film ''[[One of Our Aircraft Is Missing]]'' (1942), in which an elderly member of the crew tells a younger one: "You don't know what it's like to be old." Powell has stated that the idea was suggested by [[David Lean]] (then a film editor) who, when removing the scene from the film, mentioned that the premise of the conversation was worthy of a film.<ref>Michael Powell, commentary on the [[Criterion Collection]], Laserdisc (also available on the Criterion DVD).</ref><br />
<br />
Powell wanted [[Laurence Olivier]] (who had appeared in Powell and Pressburger's ''[[49th Parallel (film)|49th Parallel]]'' and ''[[The Volunteer (1944 film)|The Volunteer]]'') to play Candy. However, the Ministry of Information refused to release Olivier—who was serving in the [[Fleet Air Arm]]—from active service, telling Powell and Pressburger "we advise you not to make it and you can't have Laurence Olivier because he's in the Fleet Air Arm and we're not going to release him to play your Colonel Blimp".<ref>{{cite web |last=Chapman |first=James |title='The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp' reconsidered. |url=http://www.powell-pressburger.org/Reviews/43_Blimp/Blimp02.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216123449/https://powell-pressburger.org/Reviews/43_Blimp/Blimp02.html |archive-date=2008-02-16 |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=The Powell & Pressburger Pages}}</ref><br />
<br />
Powell wanted [[Wendy Hiller]] to play Kerr's parts but she withdrew due to pregnancy. The character of Frau von Kalteneck, a friend of Theo Kretschmar-Schuldorff, was played by Roger Livesey's wife [[Ursula Jeans]]. Although they often appeared on stage together, this was their only appearance together in a film.<br />
<br />
More problems were caused by Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]], who, prompted by objections from [[James Grigg]], his secretary of state for war, sent a memo suggesting the production be stopped. Grigg warned that the public's belief in the "Blimp conception of the Army officer" would be given "a new lease of life".<ref name="bob1999">{{cite book|last1=Aldgate|first1=Anthony|last2=Richards|first2=Jeffrey|author-link2=Jeffrey Richards|title=Best of British|publisher=I. B. Taurus|location=London|year=1999|edition=2|series=Cinema and Society|isbn=978-1-86064-288-3}}</ref> After [[Ministry of Information (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Information]] and [[War Office]] officials had viewed a rough cut, objections were withdrawn in May 1943. Churchill's disapproval remained, however, and at his insistence an export ban, much exploited in advertising by the British distributors, remained in place until August of that year.<ref name="bob1999" /><br />
<br />
=== Filming ===<br />
The film was shot in four months at [[Denham Film Studios]] and on location in and around London, and at [[Denton Hall, Wharfedale|Denton Hall]] in Yorkshire. Filming was made difficult by the wartime shortages and by Churchill's objections leading to a ban on the production crew having access to any military personnel or equipment. But they still managed to "find" quite a few Army vehicles and plenty of uniforms.<br />
<br />
Michael Powell said of ''The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp'' that it is {{blockquote|... a 100% British film but it's photographed by a Frenchman, it's written by a Hungarian, the musical score is by a German Jew, the director was English, the man who did the costumes was a Czech; in other words, it was the kind of film that I've always worked on with a mixed crew of every nationality, no frontiers of any kind.<ref>Christie, Ian (1985), [https://books.google.com/books?id=dHnZZcgztgwC&q=%22michael+powell%22 "Powell and Pressburger"]; in David Lazar, ''Michael Powell: Interviews'', 2003. {{ISBN|1-57806-498-8}}.</ref>}}<br />
<br />
At other times he also pointed out that the designer was German, and the leads included Austrian and Scottish actors.<br />
<br />
The [[Technical advisor|military adviser]] for the film was Lieutenant General [[Douglas Brownrigg]] (1886–1946), whose own career was rather similar to Wynne-Candy's, as he had served with distinction in the First World War, was retired after Dunkirk, and then took a senior role in the Home Guard.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Penny |first1=Summerfield |last2=Peniston-Bird |first2=Corinna |date= 15 June 2007|title=Contesting Home Defense: Men, Women, and the Home Guard in the Second World War |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aYVky27WosAC&q=brownrigg+%22colonel+blimp%22&pg=PA138 |publisher=Manchester University Press |page=138 |isbn=978-0719062025 }}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Locations ===<br />
<br />
* The Bull, Oxford Road, Gerrards Cross (Spud's rendezvous with Angela)<br />
* [[Denton Hall, Wharfedale|Denton Hall]], Wharfedale (Wynne family home)<br />
* 15 Ovington Square, Kensington (Aunt Margaret's, and later, Clive and Barbara's house; called 33 Cadogan Place in the script)<br />
* 139 Park Lane, Mayfair (Home Guard Headquarters)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reelstreets {{!}} Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, The |url=https://www.reelstreets.com/films/life-and-death-of-colonel-blimp-the/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=www.reelstreets.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Reception upon original release ==<br />
The film was released in the UK in 1943. The première, organised by [[Margaret Alexander, Countess Alexander of Tunis|Lady Margaret Alexander]], took place on 10 June at the [[Odeon Luxe Leicester Square|Odeon Leicester Square]], London, with all proceeds donated to the Odeon Services and Seamen's Fund.<ref>{{cite news|title=Film of 'The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp'|work=The Times|location=London|date=3 June 1943|page=7}}</ref> The film was heavily attacked on release mainly because of its sympathetic presentation of a German officer, albeit an anti-Nazi one, who is more down-to-earth and realistic than the central British character. Sympathetic German characters had appeared in the films of Powell and Pressburger, for example ''[[The Spy in Black]]'' and ''49th Parallel'', the latter of which was made during the war.<br />
<br />
The film provoked the extremist pamphlet "The Shame and Disgrace of Colonel Blimp" by "right-wing sociologists E.W. and M.M. Robson", members of the obscure Sidneyan Society, which proclaimed it a "highly elaborate, flashy, flabby and costly film, the most disgraceful production that has ever emanated from a British film studio."<br />
<br />
The film was the third most popular movie at the British box office in 1943, after ''[[In Which We Serve]]'' and ''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]''.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=xtGIAgAAQBAJ&q=hungry+hill+film+box+office&pg=PA209 Robert Murphy, ''Realism and Tinsel: Cinema and Society in Britain 1939-48'' 2003 p 206]</ref><ref>{{cite book|page=231|title=Blackout : reinventing women for wartime British cinema|last=Lant|first= Antonia|year=1991 |publisher=Princeton University Press }}</ref><br />
<br />
Due to the British government's disapproval of the film, it was not released in the United States until 1945 and then in a modified form, in black and white as ''The Adventures of Colonel Blimp'' or simply ''Colonel Blimp''. The original cut was 163 minutes. It was reduced to a 150-minute version, then later to 90 minutes for television, both in black and white. One of the crucial changes made to the shortened versions was the removal of the film's flashback structure.<ref>As may be seen in the shortened version available at some national libraries like the BFI</ref><br />
<br />
==Restorations==<br />
In 1983, the original cut was restored for a re-release, much to [[Emeric Pressburger]]'s delight. Pressburger, as affirmed by his grandson [[Kevin Macdonald (director)|Kevin Macdonald]] on a Carlton Region 2 DVD featurette, considered ''Blimp'' the best of his and Powell's works.<br />
<br />
Nearly 30 years later, ''The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp'' underwent another restoration similar to that performed on ''[[The Red Shoes (1948 film)|The Red Shoes]]''. The fundraising was spearheaded by [[Martin Scorsese]] and [[Thelma Schoonmaker]], Scorsese's long-time editor and Michael Powell's widow. Restoration work was completed by the [[Academy Film Archive]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Preserved Projects|url=http://www.oscars.org/academy-film-archive/preserved-projects?title=life+and+death+of+colonel+blimp&filmmaker=&category=All&collection=All|website=Academy Film Archive}}</ref> in association with the BFI, ITV Studios Global Entertainment Ltd. (the current copyright holders), and The Film Foundation, with funding provided by The Material World Charitable Foundation, the Louis B. Mayer Foundation, Cinema per Roma Foundation, and The Film Foundation.<br />
<br />
== Reputation and analysis ==<br />
Although the film is strongly pro-British, it is a satire on the British Army, especially its leadership. It suggests that Britain faced the option of following traditional notions of honourable warfare or to "fight dirty" in the face of such an evil enemy as [[Nazi Germany]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/LifeAndDeathOfColonelBlimp_the|title=Life and Death of Colonel Blimp_The|last=Michael Powell & Emeric Pressburger|date=18 September 2018|via=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>As is shown in the film in Theo's speech to Clive after Clive's broadcast is cancelled</ref> There is also a certain similarity between Candy and Churchill, and some historians have suggested that Churchill may have wanted the production stopped because he had mistaken the film for a parody of himself (he had himself served in the Boer War and the First World War).<ref>{{Cite book | first = Michael|last= Powell |author2=Emeric Pressburger | editor = Ian Christie | title = The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp | year = 1994 | publisher = Faber & Faber | isbn = 0-571-14355-5 | editor-link = Ian Christie (film scholar) }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | first = A. L.|last= Kennedy | author-link = A. L. Kennedy | title = The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp | year = 1997 | publisher = BFI | isbn = 0-85170-568-5}}</ref> Churchill's exact reasons remain unclear, but he was acting only on a description of the planned film from his staff, not on a viewing of the film itself.<br />
<br />
Since the highly successful re-release of the film in the 1980s, ''The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp'' has been re-evaluated.<ref>{{cite journal |url = http://www.powell-pressburger.org/Reviews/43_Blimp/Blimp02.html |title = The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp: reconsidered. |last = Chapman |first = James |journal = Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television |date = March 1995 |pages = 19–36|doi = 10.1080/01439689500260021 }}</ref> The film is praised for its dazzling Technicolor cinematography, the performances by the lead actors as well as for transforming, in Roger Ebert's words "a blustering, pigheaded caricature into one of the most loved of all movie characters".<ref>{{cite web |title=The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943) |first=Roger |last=Ebert |author-link=Roger Ebert |publisher=rogerebert.suntimes.com |date=2002-10-27 |url= http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20021027/REVIEWS08/210270301/1023 |archive-date=2005-03-10 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050310125007/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20021027/REVIEWS08/210270301/1023}}</ref> [[David Mamet]] has written: "My idea of perfection is Roger Livesey (my favorite actor) in ''The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp'' (my favorite film) about to fight Anton Walbrook (my other favorite actor)."<ref>{{cite book| first= David |last=Mamet| title= Bambi vs. Godzilla| year= 2007 |publisher= |page= 148| isbn= }}</ref> [[Stephen Fry]] saw the film as addressing "what it means to be English", and praised it for the bravery of taking a "longer view of history" in 1943.<ref>Stephen Fry, interviewed by the ''Daily Telegraph'', 2003</ref> Anthony Lane of ''The New Yorker'' wrote in 1995 that the film "may be the greatest English film ever made, not least because it looks so closely at the incurable condition of being English".<ref>Anthony Lane, ''The New Yorker'', 20 March 1995.</ref><br />
<br />
The film appears in ''Empire'' magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time at number 80.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.empireonline.com/500/83.asp|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|website=Empireonline.com| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20121026035337/http://www.empireonline.com/500/83.asp| archivedate= 2012-10-26| url-status= dead| access-date= 2023-01-03}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[BFI Top 100 British films]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{notelist}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
===Bibliography===<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
*Chapman, James. [http://www.powell-pressburger.org/Reviews/43_Blimp/Blimp02.html "The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp: reconsidered"]. ''Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television'' 03/95 15(1) pp.&nbsp;19–36.<br />
* Christie, Ian. "The Colonel Blimp File", ''Sight and Sound'', 48. 1978<br />
:Includes the contents of Public Record Office file on the film<br />
* Christie, Ian. ''The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (script) by Michael Powell & Emeric Pressburger''. London: Faber & Faber, 1994. {{ISBN|0-571-14355-5}}.<br />
:Includes the contents of Public Record Office file on the film, memos to & from Churchill and the script showing the difference between the original and final versions<br />
* Kennedy, A. L. ''The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp''. London: BFI Film Classics, 1997. {{ISBN|0-85170-568-5}}.<br />
* [[Michael Powell|Powell, Michael]]. ''A Life in Movies: An Autobiography''. |ondon: Heinemann, 1986. {{ISBN|0-434-59945-X}}.<br />
* Powell, Michael. ''Million Dollar Movie''. London: Heinemann, 1992. {{ISBN|0-434-59947-6}}.<br />
* Vermilye, Jerry. ''The Great British Films''. Secaucus, NJ: Citadel Press, 1978. pp66–68. {{ISBN|0-8065-0661-X}}.<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0036112}}<br />
* {{tcmdb title|81321}}<br />
* {{rotten-tomatoes|life_and_death_of_colonel_blimp}}<br />
* {{AllRovi movie|29185|The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp}}<br />
* {{Screenonline title|438362}}. Full synopsis and film stills (and clips viewable from UK libraries).<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091124053222/http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/bfi100/41-50.html BFI's Top Fifty (British) Films]<br />
* [http://www.powell-pressburger.org/Reviews/43_Blimp/index.html Blimp material] at the Powell & Pressburger Appreciation Society<br />
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01hl29r BBC Radio 4 programme on the film] with contributions by [[Martin Scorsese]], [[Thelma Schoonmaker]], [[Kevin Macdonald (director)|Kevin Macdonald]], and [[Ian Christie (film scholar)|Ian Christie]].<br />
* [http://www.powell-pressburger.org/Reviews/43_Blimp/TheShameAndDisgraceOfColonelBlimp.html The Shame and Disgrace of Colonel Blimp]<br />
*[https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/2699-the-life-and-death-and-life-of-colonel-blimp ''The Life and Death and Life of Colonel Blimp''] an essay by [[Molly Haskell]] at the [[Criterion Collection]]<br />
<br />
;DVD reviews<br />
:'''Region 2 UK'''&nbsp;– Carlton DVD<br />
:*[http://www.powell-pressburger.org/Reviews/43_Blimp/CarltonDVD.html Various short reviews]<br />
:*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071215201836/http://www.thecritic.info/displayPage.asp?review_id=168&type_id=3review_type=3&fromSearch=true TheCritic review]<br />
<br />
:'''Region 2 France'''&nbsp;– Warner Home Vidéo/[http://www.institut-lumiere.org/ L'Institut Lumière]<br />
:*[http://www.dvdtimes.co.uk/content.php?contentid=63209 Review] by John White at DVD Times (UK)<br />
<br />
:'''Region 1 USA'''&nbsp;– Criterion Collection<br />
:*[http://www.dvdtalk.com/dvdsavant/s649blimp.html DVD Savant]<br />
:*[http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20021027%2FREVIEWS08%2F210270301%2F1023&AID1=&AID2=%2F20021027%2FREVIEWS08%2F210270301%2F1023 Roger Ebert]<br />
:*[http://www.dvdjournal.com/reviews/l/lifeanddeathofcblimp_cc.shtml DVD Journal]<br />
<br />
;DVD comparisons<br />
*[http://www.dvdbeaver.com/film/DVDCompare2/colonelblimp.htm DVD Beaver] comparison of Carlton & Criterion releases<br />
*[http://www.celtoslavica.de/chiaroscuro/films/lifeblimp/blimp.html Celtoslavica] comparison of Carlton & Criterion releases<br />
<br />
{{Powell and Pressburger}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Life And Death Of Colonel Blimp}}<br />
[[Category:1943 films]]<br />
[[Category:1943 romantic drama films]]<br />
[[Category:1940s British films]]<br />
[[Category:1940s English-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1940s war drama films]]<br />
[[Category:British romantic drama films]]<br />
[[Category:British war drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about the British Army]]<br />
[[Category:Films by Powell and Pressburger]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Berlin]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in England]]<br />
[[Category:Films set on the United Kingdom home front during World War I]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot at Denham Film Studios]]<br />
[[Category:War romance films]]<br />
[[Category:Western Front (World War I) films]]<br />
[[Category:World War II films made in wartime]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deborah_Kerr&diff=1223621924Deborah Kerr2024-05-13T09:35:23Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1223518987 by 146.198.160.1 (talk) Deborah played THREE women in Blimp, not four. Edith Hunter / Barbara Wynne / Angela 'Johnny' Cannon</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|British film and television actress (1921–2007)}}<br />
{{other uses}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=November 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Deborah Kerr<br />
| honorific_suffix = [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]]<br />
| image = Deborah Kerr in colour Allan Warren.jpg<br />
| caption = Kerr in 1973, by [[Allan Warren]]<br />
| birth_name = Deborah Jane Trimmer<ref name="auto">{{cite news| url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/13300950.the-king-and-i-actress-deborah-kerr-is-glasgows-star-and-there-is-a-birth-certificate-to-prove-it/| title=The King and I actress Deborah Kerr is Glasgow's star - and there is a birth certificate to prove it| newspaper=[[Glasgow Times]]| first=Russell| last=Leadbetter| date=20 January 2015| access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref><br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1921|09|30|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Hillhead]], [[Glasgow]], Scotland<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|2007|10|16|1921|09|30|df=yes}}<br />
| death_place = [[Botesdale]], [[Suffolk]], England<br />
| resting_place = Alfold Cemetery, [[Alfold]], near [[Guildford]], Surrey, England<br />
| awards = [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]<br />
| occupation = Actress<br />
| known for = ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]''<br />''[[From Here to Eternity]]''<br />''[[An Affair to Remember]]''<br />''[[Tea and Sympathy (film)|Tea and Sympathy]]''<br />''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]''<br />''[[Black Narcissus]]'' <br />''[[The Innocents (1961 film)|The Innocents]]'' <br />''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]''<br />''[[The Night of the Iguana (film)|The Night of the Iguana]]''<br />
| years_active = 1937–1986<br />
| children = 2<br />
| spouse = {{plainlist|<br />
* {{marriage|[[Tony Bartley]]|1945|1959|end=div}}<br />
* {{marriage|[[Peter Viertel]]|1960}}<br />
}}<br />
| relatives = [[Lex Shrapnel]] (grandson)<br />
| signature = Deborah Kerr signature.svg<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Deborah Jane Trimmer'''<ref name="auto" /> [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (30 September 1921{{spaced ndash}}16 October 2007), known professionally as '''Deborah Kerr''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ɑr}}), was a British actress. She was nominated six times for the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]], becoming the first person from [[Scotland]] to be nominated for any acting Oscar.<br />
<br />
During her international film career, Kerr won a [[Golden Globe Award]] for her performance as [[Anna Leonowens]] in the musical film ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' (1956). Her other major and best known films and performances are ''[[The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]]'' (1943), ''[[Black Narcissus]]'' (1947), ''[[Quo Vadis (1951 film)|Quo Vadis]]'' (1951), ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' (1953), ''[[Tea and Sympathy (film)|Tea and Sympathy]]'' (1956), ''[[An Affair to Remember]]'' (1957), ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' (1957), ''[[Bonjour Tristesse (film)|Bonjour Tristesse]]'' (1958), ''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]'' (1958), ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' (1960), ''[[The Innocents (1961 film)|The Innocents]]'' (1961), ''[[The Grass Is Greener]]'' (1960), and ''[[The Night of the Iguana (film)|The Night of the Iguana]]'' (1964).<br />
<br />
In 1994, having already received honorary awards from the [[Cannes Film Festival]] and [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA]], Kerr received an [[Academy Honorary Award]] with a citation recognizing her as "an artist of impeccable grace and beauty, a dedicated actress whose motion picture career has always stood for perfection, discipline and elegance".<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7051206.stm |title=British actress Kerr dies at 86 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=18 October 2007 |access-date=10 May 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Deborah Jane Trimmer<ref name="auto"/> was born on 30 September 1921 in [[Hillhead, Glasgow]],<ref name="herald">{{cite web| url=http://www.theherald.co.uk/features/features/display.var.1771494.0.0.php |title=Deborah Kerr profile |access-date=19 October 2007 |newspaper=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]] |location=Glasgow |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021045411/http://theherald.co.uk/features/features/display.var.1771494.0.0.php |archive-date=21 October 2007 }}</ref> the only daughter of Kathleen Rose ([[née]] Smale) and Capt. Arthur Charles Kerr Trimmer, a World War I veteran and pilot who lost a leg at the [[Battle of the Somme]] and later became a [[naval architect]] and [[civil engineer]]. Trimmer and Smale married, both aged 28, on 21 August 1919 in Smale's hometown of [[Lydney]], [[Gloucestershire]].<ref name=OUP>{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nbGcAQAAQBAJ&q=Deborah+Kerr| title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2005-2008| last=Goldman| first=Lawrence| date=7 March 2013| publisher=Oxford Univ Press| location=Oxford| isbn=978-0199671540| page=642}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/30/Deborah-Kerr.html |title=Deborah Kerr biography (1921–2007) |access-date=29 October 2007 |website=Filmreference.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
Young Deborah spent the first three years of her life in the Scottish west coast town of [[Helensburgh]], where her parents lived with Deborah's grandparents in a house on West King Street. Kerr had a younger brother, Edmund Charles (born 31 May 1926), who became a journalist. He died, aged 78, in a [[road rage]] incident in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |title='Road rage' killer's appeal win |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_midlands/4861328.stm |work=BBC News |date=30 March 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Killer's term cut |url=http://archive.worcesternews.co.uk/2006/4/5/408116.html |newspaper=[[Worcester News]] |date=5 April 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722210505/http://archive.worcesternews.co.uk/2006/4/5/408116.html |archive-date=22 July 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kerr was educated at the independent Northumberland House School, [[Henleaze]] in [[Bristol, England]], and at Rossholme School, [[Weston-super-Mare]]. Kerr originally trained as a ballet dancer, first appearing on stage at [[Sadler's Wells Theatre|Sadler's Wells]] in 1938. After changing careers, she soon found success as an actress. Her first acting teacher was her aunt, Phyllis Smale, who worked at a drama school in Bristol run by Lally Cuthbert Hicks.<ref name="Telegraph"/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5212/is_2000/ai_n19128627 |title=Deborah Kerr |year=2000 |work=International Dictionary of Film and Filmmakers |publisher=St. James Press |location=Detroit |first1=Richard |last1=Sater |first2=Robert |last2=Pardi |isbn=978-1558624498 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020185730/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5212/is_2000/ai_n19128627 |archive-date=20 October 2007}}</ref> She adopted the name Deborah Kerr on becoming a film actress ("Kerr" was a family name going back to the maternal grandmother of her grandfather Arthur Kerr Trimmer).<ref name="Deborah">Braun, Eric. ''Deborah Kerr''. St. Martin's Press, 1978. {{ISBN|0-312-18895-1}}.</ref><br />
<br />
== Early career ==<br />
===Early theatre and film===<br />
Kerr's first stage appearance was at Weston-super-Mare in 1937, as "Harlequin" in the mime play ''Harlequin and Columbine''. She then went to the Sadler's Wells ballet school and in 1938 made her début in the corps de ballet in ''Prometheus''. After various walk-on parts in [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]] productions at the [[Regent's Park Open Air Theatre|Open Air Theatre]] in [[Regent's Park]], London, she joined the [[Oxford Playhouse]] repertory company in 1940, playing, ''inter alia'', "Margaret" in ''Dear Brutus'' and "Patty Moss" in ''The Two Bouquets''.<ref name="Telegraph" /><br />
<br />
Kerr's first film role was in the British production ''[[Contraband (1940 film)|Contraband]]'' (US: ''Blackout'', 1940), aged 18 or 19, but her scenes were cut. She had a strong support role in ''[[Major Barbara (film)|Major Barbara]]'' (1941) directed by [[Gabriel Pascal]].<ref name="Time Out 2012 Major Barbara">{{cite web | title=Major Barbara | website=Time Out Worldwide | date=2012-09-10 | url=https://www.timeout.com/movies/major-barbara | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Film stardom===<br />
Kerr became known playing the lead role in the film of ''[[Love on the Dole (film)|Love on the Dole]]'' (1941). Critic [[James Agate]] wrote that ''Love on the Dole'' "is not within a mile of [[Wendy Hiller]]'s in the theatre, but it is a charming piece of work by a very pretty and promising beginner, so pretty and so promising that there is the usual yapping about a new star".<ref name="Telegraph"/><br />
<br />
She was the female lead in ''[[Penn of Pennsylvania]]'' (1941) which was little seen; however ''[[Hatter's Castle (film)|Hatter's Castle]]'' (1942), in which she starred with [[Robert Newton]] and [[James Mason]], was very successful. She played a Norwegian resistance fighter in ''[[The Day Will Dawn]]'' (1942). She was an immediate hit with the public: an American film trade paper reported in 1942 that she was the most popular British actress with Americans.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article44833626 |title=FILM NOTES. |newspaper=[[The West Australian]] |location=Perth |date=7 December 1945 |access-date=9 July 2012 |page=13 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kerr played three women in [[Michael Powell]] and [[Emeric Pressburger]]'s ''[[The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]]'' (1943). During the filming, according to Powell's autobiography, Powell and she became lovers:<ref name="Powell">{{cite book |last=Powell |first=Michael |title=A Life in Movies |publisher=Faber |edition=reprint |year=2000 |isbn=978-0571204311}}</ref> "I realised that Deborah was both the ideal and the flesh-and-blood woman whom I had been searching for".<ref name="Powell"/> Kerr made clear that her surname should be pronounced the same as "car". To avoid confusion over pronunciation, [[Louis B. Mayer]], head of [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] billed her as "Kerr rhymes with Star!"<ref name="car">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/19/movies/19kerr.html |title=Deborah Kerr, Actress Known for Genteel Grace and a Sexy Beach Kiss, Dies at 86 |date=19 October 2007 |access-date=20 October 2007 |first=Douglas |last=Martin |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=Why Deborah Kerr Never Won an Oscar {{!}} Always Second Best Actress |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26kzCQ6SbxE |access-date=2024-02-16 |language=en}}</ref> Although the [[British Army]] refused to co-operate with the producers—and [[Winston Churchill]] thought the film would ruin wartime morale—''Colonel Blimp'' confounded critics when it proved to be an artistic and commercial success.<ref name="Powell"/><br />
<br />
Powell hoped to reunite Kerr and lead actor [[Roger Livesey]] in his next film, ''[[A Canterbury Tale]]'' (1944), but her agent had sold her contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. According to Powell, his affair with Kerr ended when she made it clear to him that she would accept an offer to go to Hollywood if one were made.<ref name="Powell"/><br />
<br />
In 1943, aged 21, Kerr made her West End début as Ellie Dunn in a revival of ''[[Heartbreak House]]'' at the [[Cambridge Theatre]], stealing attention from stalwarts such as [[Edith Evans]] and [[Isabel Jeans]]. "She has the rare gift", wrote critic <!-- Not knighted until 1954. -->[[Beverley Baxter]], "of thinking her lines, not merely remembering them. The process of development from a romantic, silly girl to a hard, disillusioned woman in three hours was moving and convincing".<ref name="Telegraph"/><br />
<br />
Near the end of the Second World War, she also toured Holland, France, and Belgium for [[ENSA]] as Mrs Manningham in ''Gaslight'' (retitled ''Angel Street''), and Britain (with [[Stewart Granger]]).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Keene |first=Ann T. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1803828 |title=Kerr, Deborah (1921-2007), actress |date=March 2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online|doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1803828 }}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Alexander Korda]] cast her opposite [[Robert Donat]] in ''[[Perfect Strangers (1945 film)|Perfect Strangers]]'' (1945). The film was a big hit in Britain. So too was the spy comedy drama ''[[I See a Dark Stranger]]'' (1946), in which she gave a breezy, amusing performance that dominated the action and overshadowed her co-star [[Trevor Howard]]. This film was a production of the team of [[Frank Launder]] and [[Sidney Gilliat]].<br />
<br />
Her role as a troubled nun in the Powell and Pressburger production of ''[[Black Narcissus]]'' (1947) brought her to the attention of Hollywood producers. The film was a hit in the US, as well as the UK, and Kerr won the [[New York Film Critics Award]] as Actress of the Year. British exhibitors voted her the eighth-most popular local star at the box-office in 1947.<ref>'Bing's Lucky Number: Pa Crosby Dons 4th B.O. Crown', ''The Washington Post'' 3 January 1948: p. 12.</ref> She relocated to Hollywood and was under contract to [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]].<br />
<br />
==Hollywood==<br />
===Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer===<br />
[[File:Deborah Kerr in Young Bess trailer.jpg|thumb|Kerr in ''[[Young Bess]]'' (1953)]]<br />
Kerr's first film for MGM in Hollywood was a mature satire of the burgeoning advertising industry, ''[[The Hucksters]]'' (1947) with [[Clark Gable]] and [[Ava Gardner]]. She and [[Walter Pidgeon]] were cast in ''[[If Winter Comes]]'' (1947). She received the first of her [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] nominations for ''[[Edward, My Son]]'' (1949), a drama set and filmed in England co-starring [[Spencer Tracy]].<ref name="McLellan 2007 Deborah Kerr">{{cite web | last=McLellan | first=Dennis | title=Deborah Kerr, 86; 'Eternity' star | website=Los Angeles Times | date=2007-10-19 | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-oct-19-me-kerr19-story.html | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><br />
<br />
In Hollywood, Kerr's British accent and manner led to a succession of roles portraying refined, reserved, and "proper" English ladies. Kerr, nevertheless, used any opportunity to discard her cool exterior. She had the lead in a comedy ''[[Please Believe Me]]'' (1950).<ref name="WarnerBros 1950 Please Believe Me">{{cite web | title=Please Believe Me | website=WarnerBros.com | date=1950-05-12 | url=https://www.warnerbros.com/movies/please-believe-me | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kerr appeared in two huge hits for MGM in a row. ''[[King Solomon's Mines (1950 film)|King Solomon's Mines]]'' (1950) was shot on location in Africa with [[Stewart Granger]] and [[Richard Carlson (actor)|Richard Carlson]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Thomas F Brady |newspaper=The New York Times |date=23 July 1949 |title=Deborah Kerr Gets Metro Movie Lead|id={{ProQuest|105803181}} }}</ref> This was immediately followed by her appearance in the religious epic ''[[Quo Vadis (1951 film)|Quo Vadis]]'' (1951), shot at [[Cinecittà]] in Rome, in which she played the indomitable Lygia, a first-century Christian.<br />
<br />
She then played Princess Flavia in a remake of ''[[The Prisoner of Zenda (1952 film)|The Prisoner of Zenda]]'' (1952) with Granger and Mason. In between Paramount borrowed her to appear in ''[[Thunder in the East (1951 film)|Thunder in the East]]'' (1951) with [[Alan Ladd]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}<br />
<br />
In 1953, Kerr "showed her theatrical mettle" as Portia in [[Joseph Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[Julius Caesar (1953 film)|Julius Caesar]]''.<ref name="Telegraph"/> She made ''[[Young Bess]]'' (1953) with Granger and [[Jean Simmons]], then appeared alongside [[Cary Grant]] in ''[[Dream Wife]]'' (1953), a flop comedy.<br />
<br />
===''From Here to Eternity'' and Broadway===<br />
Kerr departed from [[typecasting]] with a performance that brought out her sensuality, as Karen Holmes, the embittered American military wife in [[Fred Zinnemann]]'s ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' (1953), for which she received an Oscar nomination for [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]. The [[American Film Institute]] acknowledged the iconic status of the scene from that film in which she and [[Burt Lancaster]] romped illicitly and passionately amidst crashing waves on a Hawaiian beach. The organisation ranked it 20th in its [[AFI's 100 Years…100 Passions|list of the 100 most romantic films of all time]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.afi.com/100Years/passions.aspx| title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions| website=American Film Institute| access-date=15 February 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Having established herself as a film actress in the meantime, she made her Broadway debut in 1953, appearing in [[Robert Anderson (playwright)|Robert Anderson]]'s ''[[Tea and Sympathy (play)|Tea and Sympathy]]'', for which she received a [[Tony Award]] nomination. Kerr performed the same role in [[Vincente Minnelli]]'s film adaptation [[Tea and Sympathy (film)|released in 1956]]; her stage partner [[John Kerr (actor)|John Kerr]] (no relation) also appeared. In 1955, Kerr won the [[Sarah Siddons Award]] for her performance in Chicago during a national tour of the play. After her Broadway début in 1953, she toured the United States with ''Tea and Sympathy''.<ref name="McLellan 2007 Deborah Kerr"/><br />
<br />
===Peak years of stardom===<br />
[[File:Deborah Kerr in An Affair to Remember trailer.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Kerr in ''[[An Affair to Remember]]'' (1957)]]<br />
[[File:Robert Mitchum Deborah Kerr Heaven Knows Mr. Allison 1957 (cropped).jpg|thumb|alt=Black and white photo of Robert Mitchum holding a gun standing next to Deborah Kerr in the movie Heaven Knows Mr. Allison in 1957|right|With [[Robert Mitchum]] in ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' (1957)]]<br />
Thereafter, Kerr's career choices would make her known in Hollywood for her versatility as an actress.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="car"/> She played the repressed wife in ''[[The End of the Affair (1955 film)|The End of the Affair]]'' (1955), shot in England with [[Van Johnson]]. She was a widow in love with [[William Holden]] in ''[[The Proud and Profane]]'' (1956), directed by [[George Seaton]]. Neither film was much of a hit. However Kerr then played [[Anna Leonowens]] in the film version of the [[Richard Rodgers|Rodgers]] and [[Oscar Hammerstein II|Hammerstein]] musical ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' (1956); with [[Yul Brynner]] in the lead, it was a huge hit. [[Marni Nixon]] dubbed Kerr's singing voice.<br />
<br />
She played a nun in ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' (1957) opposite her long-time friend [[Robert Mitchum]], directed by [[John Huston]]. It was very popular as was ''[[An Affair to Remember]]'' (1957) opposite [[Cary Grant]].<ref name="McLellan 2007 Deborah Kerr"/><br />
<br />
Kerr starred in three films with [[David Niven]]: ''[[Bonjour Tristesse (film)|Bonjour Tristesse]]'' (1958), directed by [[Otto Preminger]], ''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]'' (1958), directed by [[Delbert Mann]], which was particularly well received,<ref name="Variety 1958 Separate Tables">{{cite web | title=Separate Tables | website=Variety | date=1958-01-01 | url=https://variety.com/1957/film/reviews/separate-tables-2-1117794749/ | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref> and ''[[Eye of the Devil]]'' (1966), directed by [[J. Lee Thompson]].<br />
<br />
She made two films at MGM: ''[[The Journey (1959 film)|The Journey]]'' (1959) reunited her with Brynner; ''[[Count Your Blessings (1959 film)|Count Your Blessings]]'' (1959), was a comedy. Both flopped, as did ''[[Beloved Infidel]]'' (1959) with [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="NYT 1959 Beloved Infidel">{{cite web | title=Screen: Fitzgerald on the Way Down; 'Beloved Infidel' Opens at the Paramount Gregory Peck, Deborah Kerr Head Cast | website=The New York Times | date=1959-11-18 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1959/11/18/archives/screen-fitzgerald-on-the-way-down-beloved-infidel-opens-at-the.html | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Later films==<br />
[[File:Deborah Kerr 4.jpg|thumb|Kerr in ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' (1960)]]<br />
Kerr was reunited with Mitchum in ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' (1960) shot in Australia, then ''[[The Grass Is Greener]]'' (1960), co-starring [[Cary Grant]]. She appeared in [[Gary Cooper]]'s last film ''[[The Naked Edge]]'' (1961) and starred in ''[[The Innocents (1961 film)|The Innocents]]'' (1961) where she plays a governess tormented by apparitions.<ref name="Pulver 2010 Innocents">{{cite web | last=Pulver | first=Andrew | title=The Innocents: No 11 best horror film of all time | website=the Guardian | date=2010-10-22 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/oct/22/innocents-clayton-horror | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kerr made her British TV debut in "Three Roads to Rome" (1963). She was another governess in ''[[The Chalk Garden (film)|The Chalk Garden]]'' (1964) and worked with John Huston again in ''[[The Night of the Iguana (film)|The Night of the Iguana]]'' (1964).<ref name="Variety 1964 Iguana">{{cite web | title=The Night of the Iguana | website=Variety | date=1964-01-01 | url=https://variety.com/1963/film/reviews/the-night-of-the-iguana-1200420509/ | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><br />
<br />
She joined [[Dean Martin]] and [[Frank Sinatra]] in a love triangle for a romantic comedy, ''[[Marriage on the Rocks]]'' (1965).<br />
<br />
In 1965, the producers of ''[[Carry On Screaming!]]'' offered her a fee comparable to that paid to the rest of the cast combined, but she turned it down in favour of appearing in an aborted stage version of ''[[Flowers for Algernon]]''. She replaced [[Kim Novak]] in ''[[Eye of the Devil]]'' (1966) with Niven, and was reteamed with Niven in the comedy ''[[Casino Royale (1967 film)|Casino Royale]]'' (1967), achieving the distinction of being, at 45, the oldest "[[Bond girl]]" in any [[James Bond]] film, until [[Monica Bellucci]], at the age of 50, in ''[[Spectre (2015 film)|Spectre]]'' (2015). ''Casino Royale'' was a hit as was another movie she made with Niven, ''[[Prudence and the Pill]]'' (1968).<ref name="Ebert 1968 Prudence">{{cite web | last=Ebert | first=Roger | title=Prudence and the Pill movie review (1968) | website=RogerEbert.com | date=1968-09-10 | url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/prudence-and-the-pill-1968 | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref> She made ''[[The Arrangement (film)|The Arrangement]]'' (1969) with [[Elia Kazan]], her director from the stage production of ''Tea and Sympathy''. She returned to the cinema one more time in 1985's ''[[The Assam Garden]]''.<ref name="NYT 1986 ASSAM GARDEN">{{cite web | title=FILM: 'ASSAM GARDEN,' WITH DEBORAH KERR | website=The New York Times | date=1986-07-30 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/30/movies/film-assam-garden-with-deborah-kerr.html | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Theatre==<br />
Concern about parts offered her made her abandon film at the end of the 1960s, with one exception in 1985, in favour of television and theatre work.<ref name="Deborah"/><br />
<br />
Kerr returned to the London stage in many productions, including the old-fashioned, ''The Day After the Fair'' (Lyric, 1972), a [[Peter Ustinov]] comedy, ''Overheard'' (Haymarket, 1981) and a revival of [[Emlyn Williams]]'s ''The Corn is Green''.<ref name="Telegraph"/> After her first London success in 1943, she toured England and Scotland in ''Heartbreak House''.<ref name="Baxter 2007 Deborah Kerr obituary"/><br />
<br />
In 1975, she returned to Broadway, creating the role of Nancy in [[Edward Albee]]'s [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning play ''[[Seascape (play)|Seascape]]''.<br />
<br />
In 1977, she came back to the West End, playing the title role in a production of [[George Bernard Shaw]]'s ''[[Candida (play)|Candida]]''.<br />
<br />
The theatre, despite her success in films, was always to remain Kerr's first love, even though going on stage filled her with trepidation:<br />
{{blockquote|I do it because it's exactly like dressing up for the grown ups. I don't mean to belittle acting but I'm like a child when I'm out there performing—shocking the grownups, enchanting them, making them laugh or cry. It's an unbelievable terror, a kind of masochistic madness. The older you get, the easier it should be but it isn't.<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1566509/Deborah-Kerr.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1566509/Deborah-Kerr.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Obituaries: Deborah Kerr |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=19 October 2007 |access-date=20 June 2020 |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
==Television==<br />
Kerr experienced a career resurgence on television in the early 1980s when she played the role of the nurse (played by [[Elsa Lanchester]] in the 1957 film of the same name) in ''[[Witness for the Prosecution (1982 film)|Witness for the Prosecution]]'', with Sir [[Ralph Richardson]]. She also did ''A Song at Twilight'' (1982).<ref>{{Cite web |title=BFI Screenonline: Woman of Substance, A (1984) |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/1294335/index.html |access-date=2023-09-26 |website=www.screenonline.org.uk}}</ref><br />
<br />
She took on the role of the older Emma Harte, a [[tycoon]], in the adaptation of [[Barbara Taylor Bradford]]'s ''[[A Woman of Substance (TV series)|A Woman of Substance]]'' (1985). For this performance, Kerr was nominated for an [[Emmy Award]].<ref name="Television Academy Woman of Substance">{{cite web | title=Barbara Taylor Bradford's A Woman of Substance | website=Television Academy | url=https://www.emmys.com/shows/barbara-taylor-bradfords-woman-substance | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kerr rejoined old screen partner Mitchum in ''[[Reunion at Fairborough]]'' (1985). Other TV roles included ''Ann and Debbie'' (1986) and ''[[Hold the Dream]]'' (1986), the latter a sequel to ''A Woman of Substance''.<ref name="NYT 1986 Substance sequel">{{cite web | title=Sequel to 'A Woman of Substance' | website=The New York Times | date=1986-10-27 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/27/arts/sequel-to-a-woman-of-substance.html | access-date=2024-02-16}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Kerr's first marriage was to [[Squadron Leader]] [[Tony Bartley|Anthony Bartley]] [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] on 29 November 1945. They had two daughters, [[Melanie Jane Bartley|Melanie Jane]] (born 27 December 1947) and Francesca Ann (born 18 December 1951, who married the actor [[John Shrapnel]]). The marriage was troubled, owing to Bartley's envy of his wife's fame and financial success,<ref name="Deborah"/> and because her career often took her away from home. They divorced in 1959.<br />
<br />
Her second marriage was to author [[Peter Viertel]] on 23 July 1960. In marrying Viertel, she became stepmother to Viertel's daughter, Christine Viertel. Although she long resided in [[Klosters]], Switzerland, and [[Marbella]], Spain, Kerr moved back to Britain to be closer to her own children as her health began to deteriorate. Her husband, however, continued to live in Marbella.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/actress-deborah-kerr-dies-at-86/| title=Actress Deborah Kerr Dies at 86| date=18 October 2007| work=[[CBS News]]| access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Stewart Granger]] said in his autobiography that in 1945 she had approached him romantically in the back of his chauffeur-driven car at the time he was making ''Caesar and Cleopatra''.<ref>{{cite book| last=Granger| first=Stewart| title=Sparks Fly Upward| publisher=Harper Collins| year=1981| pages=88–91| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGpZAAAAMAAJ&q=Deborah+Kerr| isbn=978-0399126741}}</ref> Although he was married to [[Elspeth March]], he states that he and Kerr went on to have an affair.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leninimports.com/stewart_granger.html#partone |title=Stewart Granger |access-date=19 November 2007 |website=Lenin Imports}}</ref> When asked about this revelation, Kerr's response was, "What a gallant man he is!"<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-stewart-granger-1461853.html|title=Obituary: Stewart Granger| last=Vallance |first=Tom |date=17 August 1993 |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |location=London}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
[[File:The grave of Deborah Kerr, Alfold churchyard in Surrey.png|thumb|The grave of Deborah Kerr, Alfold churchyard in Surrey]]<br />
Kerr died aged 86 on 16 October 2007 at [[Botesdale]], a village in the county of [[Suffolk]], England, from the effects of [[Parkinson's disease]].<ref name="ClarkM-USAT-obit">Clark, Mike (18 October 2007). [https://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-10-18-kerr-obit_n.htm "Actress Deborah Kerr dies at age 86"]. ''[[USA Today]]''.</ref><ref name="CNN-obit">[http://www.cnn.com/2007/SHOWBIZ/Movies/10/18/obit.kerr.ap/index.html "''From Here to Eternity'' actress Kerr dies."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830053325/http://www.cnn.com/2007/SHOWBIZ/Movies/10/18/obit.kerr.ap/index.html |date=30 August 2008 }} ''[[CNN]]''. 18 October 2007</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Actress Deborah Kerr has died |newspaper=[[Detroit Free Press]] |url=http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071018/NEWS07/71018026/0/COL14 |date=18 October 2007 |access-date=18 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020135708/http://freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20071018%2FNEWS07%2F71018026%2F0%2FCOL14 |archive-date=20 October 2007 |url-status=dead |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
Within three weeks of her death, her husband Peter Viertel died of cancer on 4 November.<ref>{{cite news| title=Peter Viertel, 86, Writer| url=https://variety.com/2007/scene/markets-festivals/peter-viertel-86-writer-1117975519/| date=7 November 2007| newspaper=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]| access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> At the time of Viertel's death, director Michael Scheingraber was filming the documentary ''Peter Viertel: Between the Lines'', which includes reminiscences concerning Kerr and the Academy Awards.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.peterviertel.com/between_the_lines.html |title=Between The Lines A film by Michael Scheingraber |publisher=eeweems.com |access-date=10 May 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Filmography ==<br />
=== Film ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Director !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 1940 || ''[[Contraband (1940 film)|Contraband]]'' || Cigarette Girl || [[Michael Powell]] || Scenes deleted<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1941 || ''[[Major Barbara (film)|Major Barbara]]'' || Jenny Hill || [[Gabriel Pascal]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Love on the Dole (film)|Love on the Dole]]'' || Sally Hardcastle || [[John Baxter (director)|John Baxter]] || Nomination — [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"| 1942 || ''[[Penn of Pennsylvania]]'' || Gulielma Maria Springett || rowspan=2|[[Lance Comfort]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Hatter's Castle (film)|Hatter's Castle]]'' || Mary Brodie|| <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Day Will Dawn]]'' || Kari Alstad || [[Harold French]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''A Battle for a Bottle'' || Linda (voice)|| || Animated short <br />
|-<br />
| 1943 || ''[[The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]]'' || Edith Hunter<br />Barbara Wynne<br />Johnny Cannon || [[Powell and Pressburger]] || Nomination — [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1945 || ''[[Perfect Strangers (1945 film)|Perfect Strangers]]'' || Catherine Wilson || [[Alexander Korda]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1946 || ''[[I See a Dark Stranger]]'' || Bridie Quilty || [[Frank Launder]] || [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"| 1947 || ''[[Black Narcissus]]'' || Sister Clodagh || [[Powell and Pressburger]] || [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress]]<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Hucksters]]'' || Kay Dorrance || [[Jack Conway (filmmaker)|Jack Conway]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[If Winter Comes]]'' || Nona Tybar || [[Victor Saville]] || <br />
|-<br />
| 1949 || ''[[Edward, My Son]]'' || Evelyn Boult || [[George Cukor]] || Nomination — [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] <br /> Nomination — [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1950 || ''[[Please Believe Me]]'' || Alison Kirbe || [[Norman Taurog]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[King Solomon's Mines (1950 film)|King Solomon's Mines]]'' || Elizabeth Curtis || [[Compton Bennett]] <br/> [[Andrew Marton]] ||<br />
|-.<br />
| 1951 || ''[[Quo Vadis (1951 film)|Quo Vadis]]'' || Lygia || [[Mervyn LeRoy]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1952 || ''[[Thunder in the East (1951 film)|Thunder in the East]]'' || Joan Willoughby || [[Charles Vidor]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Prisoner of Zenda (1952 film)|The Prisoner of Zenda]]'' || Princess Flavia || [[Richard Thorpe]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"| 1953 || ''[[Julius Caesar (1953 film)|Julius Caesar]]'' || [[Porcia (wife of Brutus)|Portia]] || [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Young Bess]]'' || [[Catherine Parr]] || [[George Sidney]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Dream Wife]]'' || Effie || [[Sidney Sheldon]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' || Karen Holmes || [[Fred Zinnemann]] || Nomination — [[Academy Award for Best Actress]]<br />
|-<br />
| 1955 || ''[[The End of the Affair (1955 film)|The End of the Affair]]'' || Sarah Miles || [[Edward Dmytryk]] || Nomination — [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"| 1956 || ''[[The Proud and Profane]]'' || Lee Ashley || [[George Seaton]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' || [[Anna Leonowens]] || [[Walter Lang]] || [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical]] <br /> Nomination — [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] <br /> Nomination — [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress]] <br /> Singing dubbed by [[Marni Nixon]] <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Tea and Sympathy (film)|Tea and Sympathy]]'' || Laura Reynolds || [[Vincent Minnelli]] || Nomination — [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress]] <br /> Nomination — [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1957 || ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' || Sister Angela || [[John Huston]] || [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress]] <br /> Nomination — [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] <br /> Nomination — [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]] <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[An Affair to Remember]]'' || Terry McKay || [[Leo McCarey]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1958 || ''[[Bonjour Tristesse (film)|Bonjour Tristesse]]'' || Anne Larson || [[Otto Preminger]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]'' || Sibyl Railton-Bell || [[Delbert Mann]] || Nomination — [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] <br /> Nomination — [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"| 1959 || ''[[The Journey (1959 film)|The Journey]]'' || Diana Ashmore || [[Anatole Litvak]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Count Your Blessings (1959 film)|Count Your Blessings]]'' || Grace Allingham || [[Jean Negulesco]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Beloved Infidel]]'' || [[Sheilah Graham]] || [[Henry King (director)|Henry King]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1960 || ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' || Ida Carmody || [[Fred Zinnemann]] || [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress]] <br /> Nomination — [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] <br /> Nomination — [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role]]<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Grass Is Greener]]'' || Lady Hilary Rhyall || [[Stanley Donen]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1961 || ''[[The Naked Edge]]'' || Martha Radcliffe || [[Michael Anderson (director)|Michael Anderson]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Innocents (1961 film)|The Innocents]]'' || Miss Giddens || [[Jack Clayton]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1964 || ''[[The Chalk Garden (film)|The Chalk Garden]]'' || Miss Madrigal || [[Ronald Neame]] || Nomination — [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role]]<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Night of the Iguana (film)|The Night of the Iguana]]'' || Hannah Jelkes || [[John Huston]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1965 || ''[[Marriage on the Rocks]]'' || Valerie Edwards || [[Jack Donohue (director)|John Donohue]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1966 || ''[[Eye of the Devil]]'' || Catherine de Montfaucon || [[J. Lee Thompson]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1967 || ''[[Casino Royale (1967 film)|Casino Royale]]'' || Agent Mimi/Lady Fiona McTarry || [[John Huston]]<br>[[Val Guest]]<ref>{{cite magazine| url=http://www.007magazine.co.uk/casino_royale-50.htm|title= Casino Royale is too much for one James Bond| magazine=007 Magazine| date=July 2017| issue=40}}</ref> || <br />
|-<br />
| 1968 || ''[[Prudence and the Pill]]'' || Prudence Hardcastle || [[Fielder Cook]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1969 || ''[[The Gypsy Moths]]'' || Elizabeth Brandon || [[John Frankenheimer]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Arrangement (film)|The Arrangement]]'' || Florence Anderson || [[Elia Kazan]] || <br />
|-<br />
|1985 || ''[[The Assam Garden]]'' || Helen Graham || Mary McMurray ||<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|1963 || ''[[ITV Play of the Week]]'' || Moira || Episode: Three Roads to Rome <br />
|-<br />
| 1982 || ''[[BBC2 Playhouse]]'' || Carlotta Gray || Episode: ''A Song at Twilight''<br />
|-<br />
|1982 || ''[[Witness for the Prosecution (1982 film)|Witness for the Prosecution]]'' || Nurse Plimsoll || Television movie <br />
|-<br />
| 1985 || ''[[A Woman of Substance (TV series)|A Woman of Substance]]'' || Emma Harte || Miniseries<br />
|-<br />
|1985 || ''[[Reunion at Fairborough]]'' || Sally Wells Grant || Television movie<br />
|-<br />
|1986 || ''Annie and Debbie'' || Ann || Television movie<br />
|-<br />
| 1986 || ''[[Hold the Dream]]'' || Emma Harte || Miniseries<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Theatre ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Venue <br />
|-<br />
|1943 || ''[[Heartbreak House]]'' || Ellie Dunn || [[Cambridge Theatre]], London<br />
|-<br />
|1953 || ''[[Tea and Sympathy (play)|Tea and Sympathy]]'' || Laura Reynolds || [[Ethel Barrymore Theatre]], New York City<br />
|-<br />
|1972 || ''The Day After the Fair'' || Edith || [[Lyric Theatre, London|Lyric Theatre]], London<br />
|-<br />
|1975 || ''[[Seascape (play)|Seascape]]'' || Nancy || [[Shubert Theatre (New York City)|Shubert Theatre]], New York City<br />
|-<br />
|1977 || ''[[Long Day's Journey into Night]]'' || Mary Tyrone || [[Ahmanson Theatre]], Los Angeles<br />
|-<br />
|1977 || ''[[Candida (play)|Candida]]'' || Candida || [[Noël Coward Theatre|Albery Theatre]], London<br />
|-<br />
|1978 || ''[[The Last of Mrs. Cheyney (play)|The Last of Mrs. Cheyney]]'' || Mrs. Cheyney || Eisenhower Theatre, [[Kennedy Center]], Washington DC<br />
|-<br />
|1981 || ''Overheard'' || || [[Theatre Royal Haymarket]], London<br />
|-<br />
|1985 || ''[[The Corn is Green]]'' || Miss Moffat || [[The Old Vic]], London<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Radio ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Program !! Episode/Source<br />
|-<br />
| 1944|| ''A Date with Nurse Dugdale'' || BBC Home Service, 19 May 1944. <br/>Guest star role in the penultimate episode.<br />
|-<br />
| 1952|| ''[[Lux Radio Theatre]]'' || ''[[King Solomon's Mines (1950 film)|King Solomon's Mines]]''<ref>{{cite news| last1=Kirby| first1=Walter| title=Better Radio Programs for the Week| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2613711/the_decatur_daily_review/| newspaper=The Decatur Daily Review| date=30 November 1952| page=48| via=[[Newspapers.com]]| access-date=14 June 2015}} {{Open access}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1952|| ''[[Hallmark Playhouse]]'' || ''The Pleasant Lea''<ref>{{cite news| last1=Kirby| first1=Walter| title=Better Radio Programs for the Week| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2477300/the_decatur_daily_review/| newspaper=The Decatur Daily Review| date=9 March 1952| page=42| via=Newspapers.com| access-date=23 May 2015}} {{Open access}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1952|| ''Hollywood Sound Stage'' || ''[[Michael and Mary]]''<ref name="Better Radio Programs for the Week">{{cite news| last1=Kirby| first1=Walter| title=Better Radio Programs for the Week| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2470060/the_decatur_daily_review/| newspaper=The Decatur Daily Review| date=16 March 1952| page=44| via=Newspapers.com| access-date=23 May 2015}} {{Open access}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1952|| ''[[Suspense (radio drama)|Suspense]]'' || ''The Colonel's Lady''<ref>{{cite news| last1=Kirby| first1=Walter| title=Better Radio Programs for the Week| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2448157/the_decatur_daily_review/| newspaper=The Decatur Daily Review| date=30 March 1952| page=46| via=Newspapers.com| access-date=18 May 2015}} {{Open access}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1952|| ''[[Hollywood Star Playhouse]]'' || ''Companion Wanted''<ref name="Better Radio Programs for the Week"/><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Awards and nominations ==<br />
<br />
'''[[Academy Awards]]'''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="5"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"|Year<br />
! width="35%"|Category<br />
! width="35%"|Work<br />
! width="10%"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[22nd Academy Awards|1950]] || rowspan="6"|[[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || ''[[Edward, My Son]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[26th Academy Awards|1954]] || ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[29th Academy Awards|1957]] || ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[30th Academy Awards|1958]] || ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[31st Academy Awards|1959]] || ''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[33rd Academy Awards|1961]] || ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[66th Academy Awards|1994]] || [[Academy Honorary Award|Honorary Oscar]] || -- || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
She is tied with [[Thelma Ritter]] and [[Amy Adams]] as the actresses with the second most nominations without winning, surpassed only by [[Glenn Close]], who has been nominated eight times without winning.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
'''[[British Academy Film Awards]]'''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="5"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"|Year<br />
! width="35%"|Category<br />
! width="35%"|Work<br />
! width="10%"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[9th British Academy Film Awards|1956]] || rowspan="4"| [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|Best British Actress]] ||''[[The End of the Affair (1955 film)|The End of the Affair]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[11th British Academy Film Awards|1958]] || ''[[Tea and Sympathy (film)|Tea and Sympathy]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[15th British Academy Film Awards|1962]] || ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[18th British Academy Film Awards|1965]] || ''[[The Chalk Garden (film)|The Chalk Garden]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[44th British Academy Film Awards|1991]] || Special Award || -- || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''[[Primetime Emmy Awards]]'''<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="5"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"|Year<br />
! width="35%"|Category<br />
! width="35%"|Work<br />
! width="10%"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[37th Primetime Emmy Awards|1985]] || [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie|Outstanding Supporting Actress - Limited Series]] || ''[[A Woman of Substance (miniseries)|A Woman of Substance]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''[[Golden Globe Awards]]'''<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="5"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"|Year<br />
! width="35%"|Category<br />
! width="35%"|Work<br />
! width="10%"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[7th Golden Globe Awards|1950]] || [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama|Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama]] || ''[[Edward, My Son]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[14th Golden Globe Awards|1957]] || [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy|Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy]] || ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[15th Golden Globe Awards|1958]] || rowspan="2" | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama|Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama]] || ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| [[16th Golden Globe Awards|1959]] || ''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
| Henrietta Award (World Film Favorite) || -- || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''[[New York Film Critics Circle|NYFCC Awards]]'''<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="5"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"|Year<br />
! width="35%"|Category<br />
! width="35%"|Work<br />
! width="10%"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[1946 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|1946]] || rowspan="5"| [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || ''[[The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]]'', ''[[Love on the Dole]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[1947 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|1947]] || ''[[Black Narcissus]]'', ''[[I See a Dark Stranger]]'' || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[1956 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|1956]] || ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'', ''[[Tea and Sympathy (film)|Tea and Sympathy]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[1957 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|1957]] || ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[1960 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|1960]] || ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Honours ==<br />
[[File:Deborah Kerr Star HWF.JPG|thumb|right|Kerr's star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] at 1709 Vine Street]]<br />
<br />
Kerr was made a Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) in 1998, but was unable to accept the honour in person because of ill health.<ref name="Baxter 2007 Deborah Kerr obituary">{{cite news |first=Brian |last=Baxter |title=Deborah Kerr |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2007/oct/18/obituaries.news |format=obituary |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=18 October 2007 |access-date=20 June 2020 |location=London}}</ref> She was also honoured in Hollywood, where she received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] at 1709 Vine Street for her contributions to the motion picture industry.<br />
<br />
Although nominated six times as Best Actress, Kerr never won a competitive Oscar. In 1994, [[Glenn Close]] presented Kerr with the [[Honorary Oscar]] for lifetime achievement with a citation recognising her as "an artist of impeccable grace and beauty, a dedicated actress whose motion picture career has always stood for perfection, discipline and elegance".<ref>{{cite news| url=https://observer.com/2018/02/biggest-snubs-in-academy-awards-history-glenn-close-alfred-hitchcock/| title=Biggest Snubs in Academy Awards History| last=White| first=Jim| date=2 February 2018 |work=[[Observer Media|Observer]]|location=New York|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kerr won a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress&nbsp;– Motion Picture Musical or Comedy|Golden Globe Award for "Best Actress&nbsp;– Motion Picture Musical or Comedy"]] for ''The King and I'' in 1957 and a Henrietta Award for "World Film Favorite&nbsp;– Female". She was the first performer to win the [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress|New York Film Critics Circle Award for "Best Actress"]] three times (1947, 1957 and 1960).{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}<br />
<br />
Although she never won a [[BAFTA]] or [[Cannes Film Festival]] award in a competitive category, both organisations gave Kerr honorary awards: a Cannes Film Festival Tribute in 1984<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ina.fr/archivespourtous/index.php?vue=notice&id_notice=CPB93005735 |title=Pierre Tchernia présentateur du palmares du festival de Cannes |access-date=20 June 2020 |date=23 May 1984 |trans-title=Pierre Tchernia, presenter of the Cannes Festival palmares |publisher=Festival International de Cannes |language=fr}}</ref> and a BAFTA Special Award in 1991.<ref name="Telegraph" /><br />
<br />
In September and October 2010, Josephine Botting of the [[British Film Institute]] curated the "Deborah Kerr Season", which included around twenty of her feature films and an exhibition of posters, memorabilia and personal items loaned by her family.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}<br />
<br />
In September 2021, Kerr's grandsons, Joe and [[Lex Shrapnel]], unveiled a memorial plaque at the former family home in [[Weston-super-Mare]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pickstock |first1=Heather |title=Hollywood actress Deborah Kerr recognised in home town of Weston-super-Mare |url=https://www.somersetlive.co.uk/news/somerset-news/hollywood-actress-deborah-kerr-recognised-5862536 |website=Somerset Live |date=3 September 2021 |access-date=5 September 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 30 September 2021, on what would have been Kerr's one hundredth birthday, the [[Lord Provost]] of Glasgow, [[Philip Braat]], unveiled a memorial plaque in Ruskin Terrace, on the site of the nursing home where Kerr was born.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Anderson |first1=Deborah |title=Glasgow roots of Hollywood star celebrated as plaque is unveiled |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19617170.glasgow-roots-hollywood-star-celebrated-plaque-unveiled/ |access-date=1 October 2021 |work=The Herald |date=1 October 2021 |page=3}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Patricia Bartley]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* Braun, Eric. ''Deborah Kerr''. St. Martin's Press, 1978. {{ISBN|0-312-18895-1}}.<br />
* Capua, Michelangelo. ''Deborah Kerr. A Biography''. McFarland, 2010. {{ISBN|978-0-7864-5882-0}}.<br />
* Street, Sarah. ''Deborah Kerr''. British Film Institute, 2018. {{ISBN|978-1844576753}}.<br />
* Powell, Michael. ''A Life in Movies''. Heinemann, 1986. {{ISBN|0-434-59945-X}}.<br />
* Andrew, Penelope. "Deborah Kerr: An Actress in Search of an Author". ''Bright Lights Film Journal'', May 2011, Issue #72. [http://www.brightlightsfilm.com/72/72kerr_andrew.php Deborah Kerr: An Actress in Search of an Author], (c) Penelope Andrew, 2011.<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons}}<br />
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* {{IBDB name}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|0000039}}<br />
* {{Tcmdb name}}<br />
* [http://www.deborahkerr.weebly.com Deborah Kerr "Rhymes with Star" tribute site]<br />
* [http://www.helensburghheroes.com/heroes/deborah_kerr Deborah Kerr] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707035710/http://www.helensburghheroes.com/heroes/deborah_kerr |date=7 July 2011 }} at Helensburgh Heroes.<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080926023358/http://www.cinemagraphe.com/enigma-deborah-kerr.php The Enigma of Deborah Kerr], ephemera, media files and essay at cinemagraphe.com.<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080611114714/http://sydneyfilmfestival.org/films.asp?sID=4&id=71 "From Kerr To Eternity"], 55th Sydney Film Festival Deborah Kerr retrospective (2008).<br />
* [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-russnow/deborah-kerr-rhymes-with_b_95546.html Deborah Kerr Rhymes With Star, and What a Star She Was: She Deserves to be Remembered, Too], ''[[Huffington Post]]'', 7 April 2008.<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080417100010/http://www.pedroalmodovar.es/PAB_EN_01TAbrazosRotos.asp Deborah Kerr tribute] by Spanish director Pedro Almodóvar, whose script for his film ''[[Broken Embraces]]'' was influenced by his reflections on her at the time of her death.<br />
* [http://www.deborahkerr.es Extensive collection of press articles from the 1940s to 2000s, photo galleries and other information] at deborahkerr.es (April 2009).<br />
* [http://film.virtual-history.com/person.php?personid=1615 Photographs and literature] at virtual-history.com.<br />
<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
|title = Awards for Deborah Kerr<br />
|list =<br />
{{Academy Honorary Award}}<br />
{{British Film Institute Fellowship}}<br />
{{David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actress}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureMusicalComedy 1950-1960}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kerr, Deborah}}<br />
[[Category:1921 births]]<br />
[[Category:2007 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Scottish actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Academy Honorary Award recipients]]<br />
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[[Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:British expatriates in Spain]]<br />
[[Category:British expatriates in Switzerland]]<br />
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Deaths from Parkinson's disease in England]]<br />
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[[Category:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players]]<br />
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[[Category:British expatriate actresses in the United States]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hans_Langsdorff&diff=1195387762Hans Langsdorff2024-01-13T17:03:22Z<p>SteveCrook: /* Battle of the River Plate */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|German naval officer (1894–1939)}}<br />
{{Infobox military person<br />
| name = Hans Langsdorff<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1894|3|20|df=yes}}<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|1939|12|20|1894|3|20|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Bergen auf Rügen]], [[German Empire]]<br />
| death_place = [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina<br />
| placeofburial = [[La Chacarita Cemetery]], Buenos Aires, Argentina<br />
| image = File:Hanslangsdorff.jpg<br />
| image_size = 250px<br />
| caption =<br />
| nickname =<br />
| spouse = Ruth Hager (m.1924)<br />
| allegiance = {{plainlist|<br />
* {{flag|German Empire}}<br />
* {{flag|Weimar Republic}}<br />
* {{flag|Nazi Germany}}}}<br />
| serviceyears = 1912–1939<br />
| branch = {{plainlist|<br />
* {{Navy|German Empire}}<br />
* {{navy|Weimar Republic}}<br />
* {{Navy|Nazi Germany}}}}<br />
| rank = [[Kapitän zur See]]<br />
| commands = [[German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee|''Admiral Graf Spee'']]<br />
| battles = {{Tree list}}<br />
* [[First World War]]<br />
* [[Spanish Civil War]]<br />
* [[Second World War]]<br />
** [[Battle of the River Plate]]<br />
{{Tree list/end}}<br />
| awards = [[Iron Cross]] First Class<br />
| laterwork =<br />
}}<br />
'''Hans Wilhelm Langsdorff''' (20 March 1894&nbsp;– 20 December 1939) was a German naval officer, most famous for his command of the [[German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee|German pocket battleship ''Admiral Graf Spee'']] before and during the [[Battle of the River Plate]] off the coast of [[Uruguay]] in 1939. After the ''Panzerschiff'' ({{sclass|Deutschland|cruiser}}) was unable to escape a pursuing squadron of [[Royal Navy]] ships, Langsdorff scuttled his ship. Three days later he died by suicide in his hotel room in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]].<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Langsdorff was born on 20 March 1894 in [[Bergen auf Rügen|Bergen, Germany]] on the island of [[Rügen]]. He was the eldest son in a family with legal and religious traditions rather than a naval tradition. In 1898, the family moved to Düsseldorf, where they were neighbours of the family of Graf (Count) [[Maximilian von Spee]], who was to become a German naval hero (while losing his life) at the [[Battle of the Falkland Islands]] in 1914. Influenced by his honoured neighbours, Langsdorff entered the Kiel Naval Academy against his parents' wishes in 1912. During the [[World War I|First World War]], the then-Lieutenant Langsdorff received the [[Iron Cross]] 2nd Class at the [[Battle of Jutland]] in 1916, and subsequently worked in minesweepers for the rest of the war. He received the Iron Cross 1st Class sometime during the remainder of the war, but the exact date is unknown.<br />
<br />
In 1923, while posted to the navy office in Dresden, Langsdorff met Ruth Hager. The two were married in March 1924, with their son Johann being born on 14 December. In October 1925, Langsdorff was posted to the Defence Ministry in Berlin to coordinate relations between the navy and the army. In 1927, he was posted to the command of a torpedo boat flotilla, and in April 1930 he was promoted to lieutenant commander. In 1931, he was recalled to Berlin, as his administrative abilities had become well-known and appreciated. Following the rise to power of the Nazis, Langsdorff requested duty at sea in 1934, but was instead appointed to the Interior Ministry.<br />
<br />
In 1936 and 1937, while on board the new pocket battleship ''Admiral Graf Spee'' as part of the staff of Admiral [[Hermann Boehm (admiral)|Boehm]], Langsdorff participated in the German support of the Nationalist side in the [[Spanish Civil War]]. On 1 January 1937, Langsdorff was promoted to captain. He received command of the ''Admiral Graf Spee'' in October 1938.<br />
<br />
On 21 August 1939, ''Admiral Graf Spee'' left port with orders to raid enemy commercial shipping in the South Atlantic following the outbreak of the [[Second World War]]. For the first three weeks of the war, the ship hid in the open ocean east of [[Brazil]] while the German government determined how serious Britain was about the war. On 20 September 1939, ''Admiral Graf Spee'' was released to carry out her orders.<br />
<br />
Over the next 10 weeks, Langsdorff and ''Admiral Graf Spee'' were extremely successful, stopping and sinking nine British merchant ships, totalling over 50,000 tons. Langsdorff adhered to the [[Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907|Hague Conventions]] and avoided killing anyone; his humane treatment won the respect of the ships' officers detained as his prisoners.<br />
<br />
==Battle of the River Plate==<br />
{{main article|Battle of the River Plate}}<br />
<br />
On the morning of 13 December 1939 Langsdorff's lookouts reported sighting a British cruiser and two destroyers. ''Admiral Graf Spee'' now suffered engine fatigue that reduced her top speed to 23kn. After Langsdorff had committed his ship to the attack it became apparent that the destroyers were in fact light cruisers ([[HMS Ajax (22)|HMS ''Ajax'']] and [[HMNZS Achilles (70)|HMS ''Achilles'']]) in addition to the heavy cruiser [[HMS Exeter (68)|HMS ''Exeter'']]. His ship outgunned all his opponents, having 11&nbsp;inch (280&nbsp;mm) main guns, to Exeter's 8&nbsp;inch (200&nbsp;mm) and ''Ajax'' and ''Achilles''’s 6&nbsp;inch (150&nbsp;mm) guns. ''Exeter'' was severely damaged and forced to withdraw; later she re-engaged and, further damaged and listing, again withdrew. But she had fired a critically effective 8-inch shell into ''Spee,'' destroying steam boilers needed to operate the ship's fuel cleaning system.{{Citation needed|date=May 2007}} Langsdorff learned that he had 16 hours of pre-cleaned fuel in his ready tanks—with no hope of replacement or repairs to the system at sea. <br />
<br />
After this engagement, Langsdorff and the British Commodore [[Henry Harwood|Harwood]] decided to break off the action, Langsdorff heading for the neutral port of [[Montevideo]] in [[Uruguay]] to make repairs.<br />
<br />
[[File:Hans Langsdorff.jpg|thumb|Langsdorff at the funeral of crew members who were killed in the battle. Langsdorff gives a traditional naval salute, while those around him give the Nazi salute.]]<br />
<br />
The Uruguayan authorities followed international treaties and, although granting an extra 72 hours stay over the normal 24 hours, required that ''Admiral Graf Spee'' leave port by 20:00 on 17 December 1939 or else be interned for the duration of the war. Langsdorff sought orders from Berlin, and was given instructions that the ship was not to be interned in [[Uruguay]] (which was sympathetic to Britain), or to be allowed to fall into enemy hands, but he was given no directive as to what action to take. He therefore considered that he could try to take the ship to the [[Argentina during World War II|friendlier Buenos Aires in Argentina]] although it was thought that the channel was not sufficiently deep for the ship; he could take the ship out to sea to battle the British forces again (British propaganda was trying to persuade people that a large British force already lay in wait for him—though in fact it would not be able to arrive for five days); or he could scuttle his ship. He decided to scuttle, largely to spare his crew further casualties. At the limit of Uruguayan territorial waters she stopped, and her crew was taken off by Argentine barges. Shortly thereafter, planted charges blew up ''Admiral Graf Spee'' and she settled into the shallow water (today she has settled in the mud and lies in 7–8 metres of water, depending on the tide).<br />
<br />
===Death===<br />
[[File:Grave of Captain Langsdorff.jpg|thumb|Grave of Captain Langsdorff, German section of the [[La Chacarita Cemetery]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]]]<br />
Langsdorff was taken to the Naval Hotel in Buenos Aires, where he wrote letters to his family and superiors. He wrote on 19 December 1939:<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pope|first=Dudley|title=The Battle of the River Plate|year=1987|publisher=Secker & Warburg|isbn=0-436-37750-0|page=194|chapter=Langsdorff shoots himself}}</ref><br />
<br />
<blockquote><br />
I can now only prove by my death that the fighting services of the Third Reich are ready to die for the honour of the flag. I alone bear the responsibility for scuttling the panzerschiff ''Admiral Graf Spee''. I am happy to pay with my life for any possible reflection on the honour of the flag. I shall face my fate with firm faith in the cause and the future of the nation and of my Führer.<br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
After this he lay upon ''Graf Spee's'' battle ensign and shot himself with a pistol.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Adam|first=Thomas|title=Germany and the Americas|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8uxfTF4Lm-kC&pg=PA45|access-date=13 June 2009|year=2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-628-2|page=45|chapter=Admiral Graf Spee}}</ref> His body was buried in the German section of the [[La Chacarita Cemetery]] in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]].<br />
<br />
Dudley Pope noted in his book "The Battle of the River Plate" that an [[Imperial_German_Navy#/media/File%3AWar_Ensign_of_Germany_(1903%E2%80%931919).svg|Imperial naval ensign]] was the flag Langsdorf laid down upon when he shot himself. Raeder had forbidden politics in the navy. Admiral Lutjens had used the naval salute exclusively. Almost all of the officers of the Kriegsmarine at the start of the war had served in the Kaiserliche Marine.{{cn|date=September 2023}}<br />
<br />
==Family==<br />
Hans Langsdorff's son, Joachim Langsdorff, also joined the German navy. He died while piloting a [[Biber (submarine)|''Biber'']] midget submarine in December 1944. His craft was later recovered by the Royal Navy and is currently displayed at the [[Imperial War Museum]] in London.<ref>{{cite web|title=Submersible, Midget Submarine Biber (90), German|url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30004028|work=(Imperial War Museum entry about Biber 90.)|access-date=25 March 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
The town of [[Ajax, Ontario]] is named for HMS ''Ajax''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kitts |first1=Daniel |title=The Second World War created Ajax. Here's how |url=https://www.tvo.org/article/the-second-world-war-created-ajax-heres-how |access-date=31 January 2022 |work=TVO |date=10 November 2015 |location=Toronto ON}}</ref> In the municipality, one of the streets was named Langsdorff Drive in his honour. The naming was supported by the River Plate Veterans Association. The street received a naming ceremony, with Langsdorff's daughter, Inge and son-in-law in attendance.<ref>{{cite news |title=Langsdorff dedication appreciated by daughter |url=https://www.durhamregion.com/news-story/10558569-ajax-ndp-candidate-steve-parish-slammed-for-support-of-street-named-after-nazi-germany-naval-officer/news-story/3484969-langsdorff-dedication-appreciated-by-daughter/ |access-date=31 January 2022 |work=Oshawa This Week |date=9 October 2007 |location=Oshawa ON |archive-date=31 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131000323/https://www.durhamregion.com/news-story/10558569-ajax-ndp-candidate-steve-parish-slammed-for-support-of-street-named-after-nazi-germany-naval-officer/news-story/3484969-langsdorff-dedication-appreciated-by-daughter/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
This name was changed in 2021 in response to public opposition.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-12|title=New name for Ajax street that had been named after captain of Nazi war ship|url=https://www.stcatharinesstandard.ca/local-ajax/news/council/2021/03/12/new-name-for-ajax-street-that-had-been-named-after-captain-of-nazi-war-ship.html|access-date=25 January 2022|website=St. Catharines Standard|language=en}}</ref> In 2020 Ajax {{clarify|date=January 2022}} tried to honour Langsdorff and the ''Admiral Graf Spee'' by naming a street Graf Spee Crescent. This was also changed after the public became aware and brought it the attention of Ajax Mayor Shaun Collier. Collier put forward a motion to change this name, stating, "We did Langsdorff, which I did support&nbsp;... This, I think, has crossed the line a little bit."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.durhamregion.com/news-story/10130982--crossed-the-line-a-little-bit-ajax-scuttles-naming-street-after-nazi-warship/ |work=Ajax News-Advertiser |title='Crossed the line a little bit': Ajax scuttles naming street after Nazi warship |date=6 August 2020 |first=Keith |last=Gilligan |access-date=13 September 2020}}</ref> Ajax is named after the Royal Navy cruiser involved in the Battle of the River Plate and many of its streets are named after people involved in the action.<ref>{{cite web|date=9 October 2007|title=Langsdorff dedication appreciated by daughter|url=https://www.durhamregion.com/news-story/3484969-langsdorff-dedication-appreciated-by-daughter/|access-date=10 March 2019|publisher=DurhamRegion.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the 1956 film [[The Battle of the River Plate (film)|''The Battle of the River Plate'']], Langsdorff was played by [[Peter Finch]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Battle of the River Plate|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0048990/|access-date=10 March 2019|publisher=IMDb}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{Portal|Biography}}<br />
{{Commons category-inline|Hans Langsdorff}}<br />
* {{PM20|FID=pe/010947}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Langsdorff, Hans}}<br />
[[Category:1894 births]]<br />
[[Category:1939 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:1939 suicides]]<br />
[[Category:People from Bergen auf Rügen]]<br />
[[Category:Suicides by firearm in Argentina]]<br />
[[Category:German military personnel of the Spanish Civil War]]<br />
[[Category:German military personnel who committed suicide]]<br />
[[Category:Military personnel from the Province of Pomerania]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class]]<br />
[[Category:Imperial German Navy personnel of World War I]]<br />
[[Category:Burials at La Chacarita Cemetery]]<br />
[[Category:Kriegsmarine personnel killed in World War II]]<br />
[[Category:Reichsmarine personnel]]<br />
[[Category:Argentina in World War II]]<br />
[[Category:Military personnel from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Mirren&diff=1186209806Helen Mirren2023-11-21T16:56:07Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1186156345 by 117.20.68.5 (talk) READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR, it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|British actor (born 1945)}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Dame]]<br />
| name = Helen Mirren<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}}<br />
| image = Helen Mirren-2208 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Mirren in 2020<br />
| alt = Mirren at the 2020 Berlin International Film Festival<br />
| birth_name = Helen Lydia Mironoff<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1945|7|26}}<br />
| birth_place = London, England<!--No boroughs/neighbourhoods, just cities per format.--><br />
| citizenship = {{hlist|United Kingdom|United States}}<br />
| occupation = Actor<!-- READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR, it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --><br />
| years_active = 1965–present<br />
| works = [[Helen Mirren on screen and stage|Full list]]<br />
| partner = [[Liam Neeson]] (1980–1985)<ref>{{cite web |last=McArdle |first=Tommy |title=Helen Mirren Says She and Ex Liam Neeson 'Loved Each Other' But 'Were Not Meant to Be Together' |url=https://people.com/movies/helen-mirren-says-she-and-ex-liam-neeson-loved-each-other-but-were-not-meant-to-be-together/ |date=22 November 2022 |access-date=28 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Guglielmi |first=Jodi |title=Liam Neeson Recalls First Falling for Former Flame Helen Mirren: 'I Was Smitten' |url=https://people.com/movies/liam-neeson-helen-mirren-talk-past-relationship/ |date=19 January 2018 |access-date=28 January 2023}}</ref><br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Taylor Hackford]]|31 December 1997}}<br />
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Simon Mirren]] (nephew)|[[Tania Mallet]] (cousin)|[[Rio Hackford]] (stepson)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/rio-hackford-dead-mandalorian-1235233527/|title=Rio Hackford, Club Owner and Actor, Dies at 52|first=Pat|last=Saperstein|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=15 April 2022|access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>|[[Mikhail Kamensky]] (great-great-great-great-grandfather)}}<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Full list]]<br />
| website = {{URL|helenmirren.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dame Helen Mirren''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} (born '''Helen Lydia Mironoff'''; 26 July 1945) is a British<!--as per [[MOS:BIO]]; became notable as British and not British-American--> actor.<!--PLEASE READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --> She is the recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|numerous accolades]] and is the only performer to have achieved both [[Triple Crown of Acting|the American]] and [[Triple Crown (UK entertainment)|the British]] Triple Crowns of Acting. Mirren has received an [[Academy Award]] and a [[British Academy Film Award|BAFTA Award]] for her portrayal of Queen [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'', a [[Tony Award]] and a [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for portraying the same character in ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]'', as well as three [[British Academy Television Awards]] and four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]] for her role as DCI Jane Tennison in ''[[Prime Suspect]]''.<br />
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Mirren's stage performance as [[Cleopatra]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[National Youth Theatre]] in 1965 provided her an opportunity to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]], before making her [[West End theatre|West End]] stage debut in 1975. She subsequently went on to achieve success in film and television, appearing in films such as ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001), and ''[[The Last Station]]'' (2009), receiving Academy Award nominations for each of those performances. For her role on ''Prime Suspect'', which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] (1992, 1993 and 1994)—a record of consecutive wins shared with Dame [[Julie Walters]]—and two [[Primetime Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/helen-mirren |title=Helen Mirren |website=[[Emmy Award]] |access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> She played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 TV series)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), and [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in the film ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006); she is the only actor to have portrayed both of the regnant Elizabeths on screen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Helen Mirren, at 75, remains the queen of acting |url=https://www.dw.com/en/why-helen-mirren-at-75-remains-the-queen-of-acting/a-52429296 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref><br />
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After her breakthrough role in ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980), Mirren appeared in a variety of other films including ''[[Cal (1984 film)|Cal]]'' (1984), for which she won the [[Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress]], ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover]]'' (1989), ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003), ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]'' (2010), ''[[The Debt (2010 film)|The Debt]]'' (2010), ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'' (2012), ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' (2014), ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'' (2015), ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'' (2015), and ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' (2017). She has also appeared in several action films such as ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'' (2010) and its sequel ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]'' (2013), as well as in the ''[[Fast & Furious]]'' film franchise ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'' (2017), ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]'' (2019), ''[[F9 (film)|F9]]'' (2021), and ''[[Fast X]]'' (2023).<br />
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In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref name="Damehood">{{London Gazette|issue=56963|supp=y|page=7 |date=14 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Ceremony">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |title=Dame Helen centre stage at palace |date=5 December 2003 |website=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725070213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |archive-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> <br />
She has received numerous honours including a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013,<ref name="Walk of fame">{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |title=Helen Mirren Gets Hollywood Walk of Fame Star |date=4 January 2013 |website=[[Sky News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116224406/http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement in 2014,<ref name="bafta.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/helen-mirren-fellowship-2014,4076,BA.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren&nbsp;– BAFTA Fellow in 2014 |date=26 January 2014 |website=BAFTA |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> and [[Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award]] in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grater |first1=Tom |title=Helen Mirren To Receive SAG Life Achievement Award |url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/helen-mirren-sag-life-achievement-award-1234876685/ |website=Deadline |date=18 November 2021 |access-date=November 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life and ancestry==<br />
<!-- Although it is common to have an 'a' at the end of a woman's patronymic, when Russian families moved to the UK, they often "froze" their surnames and didn't follow the old patronymic rules any more. The same applies to other nationalities like Icelandic and those from Nordic countries. Had she been born in Russia, Helen Mirren likely would have been named Yelena or Ilyena Vasilyeva Mironova. But she was born in the UK and was named Helen Lydia Mironoff --><br />
Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff on 26 July 1945<ref name="biography.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/helen-mirren-547434 |title=Helen Mirren Biography: Actor (1945–) |website=[[Biography.com]] |publisher=[[FYI (TV network)|FYI]]/[[A&E Networks]] |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=ker>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002fa_fact1 |title=Command Performance: The reign of Helen Mirren |last=Lahr |first=John |date=2 October 2006 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=24 October 2010}}</ref> at [[Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital]] in the [[Hammersmith]] district of London,<ref name=birth>{{cite web |url=http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=bmd%2fb%2f1945%2f3%2faz%2f000858%2f014 |title=England & Wales births 1837–2006 Transcription |website=[[Findmypast]] |access-date=6 June 2016 |quote=Her birth was registered in the Hammersmith registration district |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='Whenever I see the Queen, I think, "Oh ... there I am"': The right royal progress of Helen Mirren |first=Neil |last=Norman |date=10 March 2013 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> to an [[English people|English]] mother and [[Russians|Russian]] father.<ref name=nationsmemory>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |title=Helen Mirren |website=Nation's Memorybank |access-date=5 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207044313/http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref> Her mother, Kathleen "Kitty" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (née Rogers; 1908–1996), was a working-class woman from [[West Ham]], the thirteenth of fourteen children born to a butcher whose own father was the butcher to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name=nationsmemory/>{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=34}} Mirren's father, Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913–1980), was a member of an exiled family of the [[Russian nobility]]; he was taken to England when he was two by his father, Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov.<ref name=nationsmemory/> Pyotr Mironov, who owned a family estate near Gzhatsk (now [[Gagarin, Smolensk Oblast|Gagarin]]), was part of the Russian aristocracy. His mother, Mirren's great-grandmother, was Countess Lydia Andreevna Kamenskaya, an aristocrat and a descendant of [[Mikhail Kamensky|Count Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky]], a prominent Russian general in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=ker/><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/news/tn-vsl-xpm-2006-09-28-lap-queen0921-story.html| title=Behind the Scene:God Save The Queen| date=28 September 2006| newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Susan E.| last=James}}</ref> Pyotr Mironov served as a colonel in the [[Imperial Russian Army]] and fought in the 1904 [[Russo-Japanese War]]. He became a diplomat and was negotiating an arms deal in Britain when he and his family were stranded by the [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917.<ref name="NYTJacobs">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212214734/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-date=12 February 2020| url-status=bot: unknown| title=Helen Mirren Plays Catherine II in the Years That Made Her 'the Great'| date=21 October 2019| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Julia| last=Jacobs| url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222071030/http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-date=22 February 2019 |title=Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov Collection: The Russian Government Committee in London (1914–1939) |date=11 September 2009 |website=University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies Library |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> He settled in England and became a London cab driver to support his family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/helen-mirrens-in-the-prime-of-life-7239430.html |title=Helen Mirren's in the prime of life |date=13 July 2017 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Vasily Mironoff also played the viola with the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] before [[World War II]].<ref name=nationsmemory/> He was an ambulance driver during the war, and served in the [[East End of London]] during [[the Blitz]].{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=22}} He and Kathleen Rogers married in Hammersmith in 1938, and at some point before 1951 he anglicised his first name to Basil.<ref name=Gazette/> Shortly after Helen's birth, her father left the orchestra and returned to driving a cab to support the family. He later worked as a driving-test examiner, then became a civil servant with the [[Department for Transport|Ministry of Transport]].<ref name="biography.com"/><ref name=nationsmemory/> In 1951, he changed the family name to Mirren by [[deed poll]].<ref name=Gazette>{{London Gazette |date=12 October 1951 |issue=39356 |page= 5331 |supp=y}}</ref> Mirren considers her upbringing to have been "very anti-monarchist".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |title=Helen Mirren, British Royal Tea? |first=Natalie |last=Finn |date=26 February 2007 |website=[[E! News]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012090005/http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |archive-date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> She was the second of three children; she has an older sister Katherine ("Kate"; born 1942) and had a younger brother Peter Basil (1947–2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/189510/helen-mirren-fondly-remembers-late-costar-alan-rickman |title=Helen Mirren fondly remembers late costar Alan Rickman |last=Nepales |first=Ruben V. |date=7 February 2016 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |location=Manila |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Her paternal cousin was [[Tania Mallet]], a model and [[Bond girl]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47772012 |title=Goldfinger actress dies aged 77 |date=1 April 2019 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Mirren was brought up in [[Leigh-on-Sea]], Essex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Helen Mirren interview |last=Piccalo |first=Gina |date=7 February 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=6 November 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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Mirren attended Hamlet Court primary school in [[Westcliff-on-Sea]], where she had the lead role in a school production of ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]'',{{sfn|Mirren|2011|pp=47–48}}<ref name=autobiography>{{cite book |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |first=Helen |last=Mirren |date=25 March 2008 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |isbn=978-1-41656-760-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/inframemylifeinw0000mirr }}</ref> and [[St Bernard's High School for Girls]] in [[Southend-on-Sea]], where she also acted in school productions. She subsequently attended a teaching college, the [[Middlesex University|New College of Speech and Drama]] in London, "housed within [[Anna Pavlova]]'s old home, Ivy House" on [[North End Road, Golders Green|North End Road]] in [[Golders Green]]. At the age of eighteen, she passed the audition for the [[National Youth Theatre]] (NYT); and at twenty, she played [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra]] in the NYT production of ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Old Vic]], a role which she says "launched my career" and led to her signing with agent [[Albert Parker (director)|Al Parker]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Fame Academy: Where Daniel Craig, Helen Mirren and Colin Firth learned to act |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=22 April 2020 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Waterman |first=Ivan |date=2003 |title=Helen Mirren: The Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Metro Books |pages=[https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 18–22, 26–29] |isbn=1843580535 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Theatre career==<br />
===Early years===<br />
As a result of her work for the National Youth Theatre, Mirren was invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (RSC). While with the RSC, she played Castiza in [[Trevor Nunn]]'s 1966 staging of ''[[The Revenger's Tragedy]]'', Diana in ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (1967), Cressida in ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'' (1968), Rosalind<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |title=Helen Mirren – Biography |website=[[TalkTalk Group|TalkTalk]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233618/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> in ''[[As You Like It]]'' (1968), Julia in ''[[The Two Gentlemen of Verona]]'' (1970), Tatiana in [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]]'s ''Enemies'' at the [[Aldwych Theatre|Aldwych]] (1971), and the title role in ''[[Miss Julie]]'' at [[The Other Place (theatre)|The Other Place]] (1971). She also appeared in four productions, directed by [[Braham Murray]] for Century Theatre at the University Theatre in Manchester, between 1965 and 1967.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Braham |author-link=Braham Murray |year=2007 |title=The Worst It Can Be Is a Disaster |location=London |publisher=Methuen Drama |isbn=978-0-7136-8490-2}}</ref><br />
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In 1970, the director and producer [[John Goldschmidt]] made a documentary film, ''Doing Her Own Thing'', about Mirren during her time with the Royal Shakespeare Company. Made for [[Associated TeleVision|ATV]], it was shown on the ITV network in the UK. In 1972 and 1973, Mirren worked with [[Peter Brook]]'s International Centre for Theatre Research and joined the group's tour in North Africa and the US, during which they created ''[[The Conference of the Birds]]''. She then rejoined the RSC, playing [[Lady Macbeth]] at [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre|Stratford]] in 1974 and at the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in 1975.<br />
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[[Sally Beauman]] reported, in her 1982 history of the RSC, that Mirren—while appearing in Nunn's ''Macbeth'' (1974), and in a letter to ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper—had sharply criticised both the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and the RSC for their lavish production expenditure, declaring it "unnecessary and destructive to the art of the Theatre", and adding, "The realms of truth, emotion and imagination reached for in acting a great play have become more and more remote, often totally unreachable across an abyss of costume and technicalities..." This started a big debate, and led to a question in parliament. There were no discernible repercussions for this rebuke of the RSC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/jul/23/helen-mirren-at-75-michael-billington |title=Helen Mirren at 75: wild costumes, blazing performances – and a spell as a rock banshee |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |first=Michael |last=Billington |date=23 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beauman |first=Sally |author-link=Sally Beauman |date=1982 |title=The Royal Shakespeare Company: A History of Ten Decades |url=https://archive.org/details/royalshakespeare00sall |url-access=registration |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19212-209-4}}</ref><br />
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===West End and RSC===<br />
At the [[West End theatre|West End]]'s [[Royal Court Theatre]] in September 1975, she played the role of a rock star named Maggie in ''[[Teeth 'n' Smiles (play)|Teeth 'n' Smiles]]'', a musical play by [[David Hare (dramatist)|David Hare]]; she reprised the role the following year in a revival of the play at [[Wyndham's Theatre]] in May 1976.<br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren at Met Opera.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the opening of the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in 2008]]<br />
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Beginning in November 1975, Mirren played in West End repertory with the Lyric Theatre Company as Nina in ''[[The Seagull]]'' and Ella in [[Ben Travers]]'s new farce ''The Bed Before Yesterday'' ("Mirren is stirringly voluptuous as the [[Jean Harlow|Harlowesque]] good-time girl": [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]], ''The Guardian''). At the RSC in Stratford in 1977, and at the Aldwych the following year, she played a steely Queen Margaret in [[Terry Hands]]' production of the three parts of ''[[Henry VI (play)|Henry VI]]'', while 1979 saw her 'bursting with grace', and winning acclaim for her performance as Isabella in [[Peter Gill (playwright)|Peter Gill]]'s production of ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' at [[Riverside Studios]].<br />
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In 1981, she returned to the Royal Court for the London premiere of [[Brian Friel]]'s ''[[Faith Healer]]''. That same year she also won acclaim for her performance in the title role of [[John Webster]]'s ''[[The Duchess of Malfi]]'', a production of Manchester's [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange Theatre]] which was later transferred to [[The Roundhouse]] in [[Chalk Farm]], London. Reviewing her portrayal for ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'', [[Francis King]] wrote: "Miss Mirren never leaves it in doubt that even in her absences, this ardent, beautiful woman is the most important character of the story." In her performance as Moll Cutpurse in ''[[The Roaring Girl]]''—at the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre]] in January 1983, and at the [[Barbican Theatre]] in April 1983—she was described as having "swaggered through the action with radiant singularity of purpose, filling in areas of light and shade that even [[Thomas Middleton]] and [[Thomas Dekker (poet)|Thomas Dekker]] omitted."&nbsp;– [[Michael Coveney]], ''[[Financial Times]]'', April 1983.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Philip |title=Becoming Helen Mirren |date=25 October 2019 |publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=roaring+girl| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of 1989, Mirren co-starred with [[Bob Peck]] at the [[Young Vic]] in the London premiere of the [[Arthur Miller]] double-bill, ''Two Way Mirror'', performances which prompted Miller to remark: "What is so good about English actors is that they are not afraid of the open expression of large emotions. British actors like to speak. In London, there’s a much more open-hearted kind of exchange between stage and audience" (interview by [[Sheridan Morley]]: ''[[The Times]]'' 11 January 1989).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bigsby |first1=Christopher |title=Arthur Miller: 1962–2005 |date=2011 |publisher=Hachette UK}}</ref> In ''[[Elegy for a Lady]]'' she played the svelte proprietress of a classy boutique, while as the blonde hooker in ''[[Some Kind of Love Story]]'' she was "clad in a Freudian slip and shifting easily from waif-like vulnerability to sexual aggression, giving the role a breathy Monroesque quality".<ref>{{cite news |title=The Coutours of Passion| newspaper=The Guardian| location=London| date=25 January 1989| page=46| last=Billington| first=Michael| url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259882155/ |access-date=22 October 2020 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><br />
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On 15 February 2013, at the West End's [[Gielgud Theatre]] she began a turn as [[Elizabeth II]] in the World Premiere of [[Peter Morgan]]'s ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |title=The Audience |website=Hit The Theatre.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232730/http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> The show was directed by [[Stephen Daldry]]. In April she was named best actress at the [[Olivier Awards]] for her role.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |title=Helen Mirren crowned queen of the stage |date=30 April 2013 |website=[[3 News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233730/http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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===Broadway debut===<br />
A further stage breakthrough came in 1994, in an [[Yvonne Arnaud Theatre]] production bound for the West End, when [[Bill Bryden]] cast her as Natalya Petrovna in [[Ivan Turgenev]]'s ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''. Her co-stars were [[John Hurt]] as her aimless lover Rakitin and [[Joseph Fiennes]] in only his second professional stage appearance as the cocksure young tutor Belyaev.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Month in the Country |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=4 March 1994 |newspaper=[[Richmond & Twickenham Times]] |quote=Instead of a bored Natalya fretting the summer away in dull frocks, Mirren, dazzlingly gowned, is a woman almost wilfully allowing her heart's desire for her son's young tutor to rule her head and wreak domestic havoc....Creamy shoulders bared, she feels free to launch into a gloriously enchanted, dreamily comic self-confession of love.}}</ref><br />
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Prior to 2015, Mirren had twice been nominated for Broadway's [[Tony Award]] for Best Actress in a Play: in 1995 for her Broadway debut in ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/26/theater/theater-review-turgenev-s-inquiry-into-calamitous-love.html |title=Theater Review; Turgenev's Inquiry Into Calamitous Love |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=26 April 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019 |quote=Miss Mirren's performance is bigger and more animated than the one she gave last year in an entirely different London production.}}</ref> and then again in 2002 for ''[[The Dance of Death (Strindberg)|The Dance of Death]]'', co-starring with Sir [[Ian McKellen]], their fraught rehearsal period coinciding with the terrorist attacks on New York on 11 September 2001.<ref name=autobiography/><br />
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On 7 June 2015‚ Mirren won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play‚ for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in ''The Audience'' (a performance which also won her the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best Actress). Her Tony Award win made her one of the few actors to achieve the US “[[Triple Crown of Acting#Helen Mirren|Triple Crown of Acting]]”, joining the ranks of acclaimed performers including [[Ingrid Bergman]]‚ Dame [[Maggie Smith]], and [[Al Pacino]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |work=Huffington Post |title=7 reasons to love Helen Mirren on her 70th birthday |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023072002/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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===National Theatre===<br />
In 1998, Mirren played [[Cleopatra]] to [[Alan Rickman]]'s [[Mark Antony|Antony]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]. The production received poor reviews; ''[[The Guardian]]'' called it "plodding spectacle rarely informed by powerful passion", while ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' said "the crucial sexual chemistry on which any great production ultimately depends is fatally absent".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=A case of hype and fall as Rickman and Mirren are put to the sword |last=Lister |first=David |date=23 October 1998 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2000 [[Nicholas Hytner]], who had worked with Mirren on the film version of ''[[The Madness of King George]]'', cast her as Lady Torrance in his revival of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[Orpheus Descending]]'' at the [[Donmar Warehouse]] in London. Michael Billington, reviewing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', described her performance as "an exemplary study of an immigrant woman who has acquired a patina of resilient toughness but who slowly acknowledges her sensuality."<ref>{{cite news |title=Southern discomfort |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/jun/29/artsfeatures4 |date=28 June 2000 |page=46 |access-date=1 March 2022 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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At the National Theatre in November 2003 she again won praise playing Christine Mannon ("defiantly cool, camp and skittish", ''[[Evening Standard]]''; "glows with mature sexual allure", ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'') in a revival of [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]'' directed by [[Howard Davies (Theatre Director)|Howard Davies]]. "This production was one of the best experiences of my professional life, The play was four and a half hours long, and I have never known that kind of response from an audience ... It was the serendipity of a beautifully cast play, with great design and direction, It will be hard to be in anything better."<ref name=autobiography/> She played the title role in [[Jean Racine]]'s ''[[Phèdre]]'' at the National in 2009, in a production directed by [[Nicholas Hytner]]. The production was also staged at the [[Epidaurus#Theatre|Epidaurus amphitheatre]] on 11 and 12 July 2009.<br />
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==Film career==<br />
Mirren has appeared in a large number of films throughout her career. Some of her earlier film appearances include roles in ''[[Herostratus (film)|Herostratus]]'' (1967, Dir. Don Levy), ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)|A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' (1968), ''[[Age of Consent (film)|Age of Consent]]'' (1969), ''[[O Lucky Man!]]'' (1973), ''[[Caligula (film)|Caligula]]'' (1979),<ref name="VF2015" /><ref name="peop_Hele" /> ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980)—co-starring with [[Bob Hoskins]] in what was her breakthrough film role,<ref name="BBC 2014">{{cite news| title=Dame Helen Mirren to receive Bafta fellowship| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-25911227| work=BBC News| date=27 January 2014| access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref> ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981), ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985), ''[[The Mosquito Coast (film)|The Mosquito Coast]]'' (1986), ''[[Pascali's Island (film)|Pascali's Island]]'' (1988) and ''[[When the Whales Came]]'' (1989). She appeared in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Some Mother's Son]]'' (1996), ''[[Painted Lady (mini series)|Painted Lady]]'' (1997) and ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="Mirren roles"/> In [[Peter Greenaway]]'s colorful ''[[The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover]]'', Mirren plays the wife opposite [[Michael Gambon]]. In ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), she plays sadistic history teacher Mrs Eve Tingle.<ref name="Mirren roles">{{cite news |title=All Helen Mirren's 61 movies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/02/all-helen-mirrens-61-movies-ranked |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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In 2007, she claimed that the director [[Michael Winner]] had treated her "like a piece of meat" at a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting call]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=David Cameron keeps his distance from film director Michael Winner |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=3 May 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=30 December 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Asked about the incident, Winner told ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I don't remember asking her to turn around but if I did I wasn't being serious. I was only doing what the [casting] agent asked me&nbsp;– and for this I get reviled! Helen's a lovely person, she's a great actor and I'm a huge fan, but her memory of that moment is a little flawed."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |title=Susan Sarandon, Gwyneth Paltrow, Charlize Theron & More Casting Couch Horror Stories |date=16 November 2012 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020104842/http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |archive-date=20 October 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren continued her successful film career when she starred in ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001) with [[Maggie Smith]] and ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003) with [[Julie Walters]]. Other more recent appearances include ''[[The Clearing (film)|The Clearing]]'' (2004), ''[[Pride (2004 film)|Pride]]'' (2004), ''[[Raising Helen]]'' (2004), and ''[[Shadowboxer]]'' (2005). Mirren also provided the voice for the supercomputer "[[Minor characters from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|Deep Thought]]" in the film adaptation of [[Douglas Adams]]'s ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' (2005). During her career, she has portrayed three British queens in different films and television series: [[Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 TV series)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), and [[Queen Charlotte|Charlotte]] in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994). She is the only actor to have portrayed both Queens Elizabeth on the screen.<ref name="BBC 2014"/><br />
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Mirren's title role of ''The Queen'' earned her numerous acting awards including a [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA]], a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Golden Globe]], and an [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Academy Award]], among many others. During her acceptance speech at the Academy Award ceremony, she praised and thanked Elizabeth II and stated that she had maintained her dignity and weathered many storms during her reign. Mirren later appeared in supporting roles in the films ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]'', ''[[Inkheart (film)|Inkheart]]'', ''[[State of Play (film)|State of Play]]'', and ''[[The Last Station]]'', for which she was nominated for an Oscar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |title=Nominees & Winners for the 82nd Academy Awards |date=24 August 2012 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411210003/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |archive-date=11 April 2010}}</ref><br />
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===2000–2009===<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren at the Orange British Academy Film Awards.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the [[60th British Academy Film Awards]] in 2007, where she won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]]]]<br />
Mirren's first film of the 2000s was [[Joel Hershman]]'s ''[[Greenfingers]]'' (2000), a comedy based on the true story about the prisoners of [[Leyhill Prison|HMP Leyhill]], a minimum-security prison, who won gardening awards.<ref name="Deitz">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/garden/free-to-grow-bluebells-in-england.html |title=Free to Grow Bluebells in England |last=Deitz |first=Paula |date=16 July 1998 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=13 |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren portrayed a devoted plantswoman in the film, who coaches a team of prison gardeners, led by [[Clive Owen]], to victory at a prestigious flower show.<ref name="Ramsey">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/22/movies/film-never-too-tough-to-be-softened-up-by-a-flower.html |title=Film; Never Too Tough to Be Softened Up by a Flower |last=Ramsey |first=Nancy |page=22 |date=22 July 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> The project received lukewarm reviews, which suggested that it added "nothing new to this already saturated genre" of [[Britcom|British feel-good films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greenfingers/ |title=Greenfingers (2000) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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The same year, she began work on the mystery film ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'', [[Sean Penn]]'s third directorial effort, in which she played a child psychologist. A critical success,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1104203-pledge |title=The Pledge (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> the [[ensemble film]] tanked at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/entertainment/1332122.stm |title=US directors laud Cannes audiences |date=15 May 2001 |website=BBC News |access-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> Also that year, she filmed the American-Icelandic satirical drama ''[[No Such Thing (film)|No Such Thing]]'' opposite [[Sarah Polley]]. Directed by [[Hal Hartley]], Mirren portrayed a soulless television producer in the film, who strives for sensationalistic stories. It was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/no_such_thing/ |title=No Such Thing (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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Her biggest critical and commercial success, released in 2001, became [[Robert Altman]]'s all-star ensemble mystery film ''[[Gosford Park]]''. A [[homage (arts)|homage]] to writer [[Agatha Christie]]'s [[whodunit]] style, the story follows a party of wealthy Britons and an American, and their servants, who gather for a shooting weekend at an [[English country house]], resulting in an unexpected murder. It received multiple awards and nominations, including a second [[Academy Award]] nomination and first [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Screen Actors Guild Award]] win for Mirren's portrayal of the sternly devoted head servant Mrs. Wilson.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/gosford-park-big-winner-article-1.485902 |title='Gosford Park' Big Winner |first=Jack |last=Mathews |date=11 March 2002 |newspaper=New York Daily News |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Fred Schepisi]]'s dramedy film ''[[Last Orders (film)|Last Orders]]'' opposite [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]].<ref name="Mirren roles"/><br />
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In 2003, Mirren starred in [[Nigel Cole]]'s comedy ''[[Calendar Girls]]'', inspired by the true story of a group of [[Yorkshire]] women who produced a [[nude calendar]] to raise money for [[Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research|Leukaemia Research]] under the auspices of the [[Women's Institutes]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/12/23/earlyshow/leisure/main590034.shtml |title=Helen Mirren's ''Calendar Girls'' |first=Rome |last=Neal |date=24 December 2003 |website=[[CBS News]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> Mirren initially was reluctant to join the project, dismissing it as another middling British picture,<ref name="mc1">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504225925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo&feature=related| archive-date=2017-05-04|title=2009&nbsp;– Movie Connections&nbsp;– Calendar Girls (2/4) |author=[[Movie Connections]] |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> but rethought her decision upon learning of the casting of co-star [[Julie Walters]].<ref name="mc1"/> The film was generally well received by critics, and grossed $96 million worldwide.<ref name="bom">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=calendargirls.htm |title=Calendar Girls (2003) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, the picture earned [[Satellite Award|Satellite]], [[Golden Globe]], and [[European Film Award]] nominations for Mirren.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0337909/awards |title=Awards for ''Calendar Girls'' |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> Her other film that year was the [[Showtime Networks|Showtime]] television film ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' opposite [[Olivier Martinez]], and [[Anne Bancroft]], based on the 1950 novel of the same title by [[Tennessee Williams]].<br />
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===2010–2014===<br />
In 2010, Mirren appeared in five films. In ''[[Love Ranch]]'', directed by her husband [[Taylor Hackford]], she portrayed [[Joe Conforte|Sally Conforte]], one half of a married couple who opened the first legal [[brothel]] in the US, the [[Mustang Ranch]] in [[Storey County, Nevada]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/04/helen_mirrens_brothel_movie_to.html |title=Helen Mirren's Brothel Movie to Open |last=Brown |first=Lane |date=6 April 2010 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren starred in the principal role of [[Prospero|Prospera]], the duchess of [[Milan]], in [[Julie Taymor]]'s ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]''. This was based on the [[The Tempest|play of the same name]] by [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]; Taymor changed the original character's gender to cast Mirren as her lead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |title=Mirren 'to star in Tempest film' |date=8 October 2008 |website=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111152135/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |archive-date=11 January 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While the actor garnered strong reviews for her portrayal, the film itself was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tempest |title=The Tempest (2010) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren at the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
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Mirren played a gutsy tea-shop owner who tries to save one of her young employees from marrying a teenage killer in [[Rowan Joffé]]'s ''[[Brighton Rock (2010 film)|Brighton Rock]]'', a [[crime film]] loosely based on [[Graham Greene]]'s 1938 [[Brighton Rock (novel)|novel]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |title=Helen Mirren: Interview |first=Ben |last=Walters |date=2 June 2015 |magazine=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128223000/http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |archive-date=28 January 2016}}</ref> The [[film noir]] [[Film premiere|premiered]] at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] in September 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |title=At TIFF: ''Brighton Rock'' Extends the Graham Greene Adaptation Curse |first=Michelle |last=Orange |date=13 September 2010 |website=[[Movieline]] |access-date=27 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916205701/http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |archive-date=16 September 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> where it received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/movies/brighton-rock-film-of-graham-greene-novel-review.html |title=A Meek Rose Amid the Mods and Rockers in an English Resort Town |first=Stephen |last=Holden |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=25 August 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=27 August 2011 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mirren's biggest critical and commercial success of the year was [[Robert Schwentke]]'s ensemble action comedy ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'', based on [[Warren Ellis]]'s graphic novel, in which she portrayed Victoria, an ex-[[MI6]] assassin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |title=Casting Notes: Alan Cumming in Burlesque; Mirren Does Espionage; Dempsey Steals Laughs; Weaver and Shawkat Hit Cedar Rapids |first=Russ |last=Fischer |date=4 November 2009 |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=19 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122185818/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |archive-date=22 January 2010}}</ref> Mirren was initially hesitant to sign on due to film's graphic violence, but changed her mind upon learning of [[Bruce Willis]]'s involvement.<ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |archive-date=10 December 2022 |title=Majestic Mirren |first=Emanuel |last=Levy |date=15 October 2010 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |location=London |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Released to positive reviews, it grossed $186.5 million worldwide.<ref name="mojo" >{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2010.htm |title=RED (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Also in 2010, the actor lent her voice to [[Zack Snyder]]'s computer-animated fantasy film ''[[Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole]]'', voicing [[antagonist]] Nyra, a leader of a group of owls. The film grossed $140.1 million on an $80 million budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=guardiansofgahoole.htm |title=Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=15 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's next film was the comedy film ''[[Arthur (2011 film)|Arthur]]'', a remake of the 1981 [[Arthur (1981 film)|film of the same name]], starring [[Russell Brand]] in the lead role. ''Arthur'' received generally negative reviews from critics, who declared it an "irritating, unnecessary remake".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/arthur_2011/ |title=Arthur (2011) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> In preparation for her role as a retired Israeli [[Mossad]] agent in the film ''[[The Debt (2011 film)|The Debt]]'', Mirren reportedly immersed herself in studies of Hebrew language, Jewish history, and [[Holocaust]] writing, including the life of [[Simon Wiesenthal]], while in Israel in 2009 for the filming of some of the movie's scenes. The film is a remake of a [[The Debt (2007 film)|2007 Israeli film of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/mirren-learning-hebrew-for-movie-role_1096343 |title=Mirren Learning Hebrew For Movie Role |date=27 February 2009 |website=[[ContactMusic.com]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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In 2012, Mirren played [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s wife [[Alma Reville]] in the 2012 biopic ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'', directed by [[Sacha Gervasi]] and based on [[Stephen Rebello]]'s non-fiction book ''[[Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho]]''. The film centres on the pair's relationship during the making of ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'', a controversial [[horror film]] that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker's career. It became a moderate arthouse success and garnered a lukewarm critical response from critics, who felt that it suffered from "tonal inconsistency and a lack of truly insightful retrospection."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/hitchcock |title=Hitchcock (2012) |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> Mirren was universally praised, however, with [[Roger Ebert]] noting that the film depended most on her portrayal, which he found to be "warm and effective".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=20 November 2012 |title=Hitchcock |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=21 November 2012 |archive-date=27 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127172340/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Her other film that year was ''[[The Door (2012 film)|The Door]]'', a claustrophobic drama film directed by [[István Szabó]], based on the Hungarian novel of the same name. Set at the height of [[communist]] rule in 1960s Hungary, the story of the adaptation centres on the abrasive influence that a mysterious housekeeper wields over her employer and successful novelist, played [[Martina Gedeck]]. Mirren found the role "difficult to play" and cited doing it as "one of the hardest things [she has] ever done".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/mirren-steps-through-a-new-door-20120718-22ahn.html |title=Mirren steps through a new door |first=Philippa |last=Hawker |date=19 July 2012 |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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[[File:HelenMirrenHWOFJan2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren receiving a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013]]<br />
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The following year, Mirren replaced [[Bette Midler]] in [[David Mamet]]'s biographical television film ''[[Phil Spector (film)|Phil Spector]]'' about [[Phil Spector|the American musician]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/22/phil-spector-s-jersey-girl-lawyer-meet-the-real-linda-kenney-baden.html |title=Phil Spector's Jersey Girl Lawyer: Meet the Real Linda Kenney Baden |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |date=22 March 2013 |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> The [[HBO]] film focuses on the relationship between Spector and his defence attorney Linda Kenney Baden, played by Mirren, during the first of his two [[Phil Spector#Murder conviction|murder trials for the death in 2003]] of [[Lana Clarkson]] in his California mansion. ''Spector'' received largely mixed to positive reviews from critics, particularly for Mirren and co-star [[Al Pacino]]'s performances, and was nominated for eleven [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, also winning Mirren a [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie|Screen Actors Guild Award]] at the [[20th Screen Actors Guild Awards|20th awards ceremony]]. The film drew criticism both from Clarkson's family and friends, who charged that the suicide defence was given more merit than it deserved, and from Spector's wife, who argued that Spector was portrayed as a "foul-mouthed megalomaniac" and a "minotaur".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2013/03/15/friends_of_lana_clarkson_protest_hbo_film_phil_spector/ |title=Friends of Lana Clarkson protest HBO film "Phil Spector" |last=Gupta |first=Prachi |date=15 March 2013 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref> Also in 2013, Mirren voiced the character of Dean Abigail Hardscrabble in [[Pixar]]'s computer-animated comedy film ''[[Monsters University]]'', which grossed $743 million against its estimated budget of $200 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monstersinc2.htm |title=Monsters University (2013) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=20 December 2013}}</ref> and reprised her role in the sequel film ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]''.<ref name="Mirren">{{cite web |url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |title=Helen Mirren Says She's Ready For 'Red' Sequel: 'Just Get Me The Script' |last=Warner |first=Kara |date=29 March 2011 |website=[[MTV News]] |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515150701/http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |archive-date=15 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The action comedy received a mixed reviews from film critics, who called it a "lackadaisical sequel",<ref name="TheWrap">{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/red-2-review-bruce-willis-sequel-dies-hard-lands-dull-thud-102681 |title='Red 2' Review: Bruce Willis Sequel Dies Hard, Lands With Dull Thud |last=Gilchrist |first=Todd |date=15 July 2013 |website=[[The Wrap]] |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref> but became another commercial success, making over $140 million worldwide.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=Red 2 (2013) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2.htm |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2014 was the comedy-drama ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' opposite the Indian actor [[Om Puri]]. Directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and produced by [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Oprah Winfrey]], the film is based on [[Richard C. Morais]]'s 2010 novel [[The Hundred-Foot Journey|with the same name]] and tells the story of a feud between two adjacent restaurants in a French town. Mirren garnered largely positive reviews for her performance of a snobby restaurateur, a role which she accepted as she was keen to play a French character, reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."<ref name="collider1">{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/helen-mirren-hundred-foot-journey-trumbo-interview/ |title=Helen Mirren Talks 'The Hundred-Foot Journey', Working with Om Puri, What She Looks For in Choosing Projects, 'Trumbo', and More |last1=Roberts |first1=Sheila |date=31 July 2014 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The film earned her another [[Golden Globe]] nomination and became a modest commercial success, grossing $88.9 million worldwide.<ref name=BOM2>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=100foot.htm |title=The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref><br />
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===2015–present===<br />
[[File:The Leisure Seeker 06 (36402080733).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren attending the premiere of ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' at the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
In 2015, Mirren reunited with her former assistant [[Simon Curtis (filmmaker)|Simon Curtis]] on ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'', co-starring [[Ryan Reynolds]].<ref name="collider1"/> The film was based on the true story of Jewish refugee [[Maria Altmann]] who, together with her young lawyer [[E. Randol Schoenberg|Randy Schoenberg]], fought the Austrian government to be reunited with [[Gustav Klimt]]'s painting of her aunt, the famous ''[[Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gustav-klimt-birthday-woman-in-gold_55a52d3de4b0a47ac15d61af |title=Gustav Klimt Painted Much More Than 'The Woman In Gold' |last1=Valentine |first1=Colin |date=14 July 2015 |website=[[HuffPost]] Arts & Culture |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics, although Mirren and Reynold's performances were widely praised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Woman in Gold (2015) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/woman_in_gold/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> A commercial success, ''Woman in Gold'' became one of the highest-grossing specialty films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/the-20-highest-grossing-indies-of-2015-a-running-list-1 |title=The 20 Highest Grossing Indies of 2015 (A Running List) |first=Kate |last=Erbland |date=29 December 2015 |website=Indiewire |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The same year, Mirren appeared in [[Gavin Hood]]'s thriller ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), in which she played as a military intelligence officer who leads a secret [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone]] mission to capture a terrorist group living in [[Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/aaron-paul-helen-mirren-join-colin-firth-in-thriller-eye-in-the-sky/ |title=Aaron Paul, Helen Mirren Join Colin Firth in Thriller 'Eye in the Sky' |last1=Sneider |first1=Jeff |date=16 May 2014 |website=The Wrap |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Jay Roach]]'s biographical drama ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'', co-starring [[Bryan Cranston]] and [[Diane Lane]]. The actor played [[Hedda Hopper]], the famous actor and [[gossip columnist]], in the film, which received generally positive reviews from critics and garnered her a 14th Golden Globe nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/trumbo/ |title=Trumbo (2015) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2016 was ''[[Collateral Beauty]]'', directed by [[David Frankel]]. Co-Starring [[Will Smith]], [[Keira Knightley]], and [[Kate Winslet]], the ensemble drama follows a man who copes with his daughter's death by writing letters to [[time]], [[death]], and [[love]]. The film earned largely negative reviews from critics, who called it "well-meaning but fundamentally flawed."<ref name="reviews">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/will-smith-collateral-beauty-lowest-box-office-opening-rotten-tomatoes-1201873153/ |title=How Critics' "Schoolyard Assault" On 'Collateral Beauty' Turned Ugly For Will Smith Pic |first=Anthony |last= D'Alessandro |date=18 December 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=reviews2>{{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/12/13/collateral-beauty-reviews-roundup/ |title=Collateral Beauty reviews: Will Smith movie slammed by critics |first=Danielle |last=Jackson |date=13 December 2016 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Mirren narrated ''[[Cries from Syria]]'', a [[documentary film]] about the [[Syrian Civil War]], directed by [[Evgeny Afineevsky]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/markets-festivals/hbo-cries-from-syria-1201957096/ |title=HBO Nabs 'Cries From Syria' Documentary Ahead of Sundance |first=Brent |last=Lang |date=10 January 2017 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> Also that year, she made an uncredited [[cameo appearance]] in [[F. Gary Gray]]'s ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'', the eighth instalment in the [[The Fast and the Furious |''Fast & Furious'']] franchise, playing Magdalene, the mother of Owen and [[Deckard Shaw]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1635570/how-helen-mirren-ended-up-in-the-fate-of-the-furious-according-to-vin-diesel |title=How Helen Mirren Ended Up In The Fate Of The Furious, According To Vin Diesel |first=Gregory |last=Wakeman |date=14 March 2017 |website=CinemaBlend |access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> Mirren had a larger role in director [[Paolo Virzì]]'s English-language debut ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'', based on the [[The Leisure Seeker (novel)|2009 novel of the same name]]. On set, she was reunited with [[Donald Sutherland]] with whom she had not worked again since ''[[Bethune: The Making of a Hero]]'' (1990),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/cannes-helen-mirren-and-donald-sutherland-to-topline-paolo-virzis-the-leisure-seeker-exclusive-1201772430/ |title=Cannes: Helen Mirren and Donald Sutherland to Topline Paolo Virzì's 'The Leisure Seeker' |first1=Nick |last1=Vivarelli |first2=Elsa |last2=Keslassy |date=12 May 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> portraying a terminally ill couple who escape from their retirement home and take one last cross-country adventure in a vintage van.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-donald-sutherland-team-up-for-the-leisure-seeker-cannes-1201754273/ |title=Helen Mirren & Donald Sutherland Team For 'The Leisure Seeker' – Cannes |first=Ali |last=Jaafar |date=12 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> At the [[75th Golden Globe Awards|75th awards ceremony]], Mirren received her 15th [[Golden Globe]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List |first=Rebecca |last=Rubin |date=11 December 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref><br />
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In 2018, Mirren portrayed heiress [[Sarah Winchester]] in the supernatural horror film ''[[Winchester (film)|Winchester]]'', directed by [[The Spierig Brothers]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-takes-aim-at-playing-firearm-heiress-in-hot-cannes-package-winchester-1201755962/ |title=Helen Mirren Takes Aim At Playing Firearm Heiress In Hot Cannes Package 'Winchester' |first=Mike Jr. |last=Fleming |date=14 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref> In the same year, she starred as Mother Ginger in Disney's adaptation of ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', titled ''[[The Nutcracker and the Four Realms]]'', directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and [[Joe Johnston]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/helen-mirren-nutcracker-disney-1201844942/ |title=Helen Mirren Joins Disney's 'The Nutcracker' |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=25 August 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> In 2019, she appeared in the ensemble film ''[[Berlin, I Love You]]'', the French crime thriller film ''[[Anna (2019 feature film)|Anna]]'', directed and written by [[Luc Besson]], and co-starred in the ''Fast and the Furious'' spin-off ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]''.<ref name="Oct2017V">{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/luc-besson-anna-helen-mirren-luke-evans-1202584144/ |title=Luc Besson Sets Next Film 'Anna' With Helen Mirren, Luke Evans |first1=Elsa |last1=Keslassy |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |date=9 October 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> In March 2021, she was cast as the villain Hespera in the superhero film ''[[Shazam! Fury of the Gods]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=23 March 2021 |title='Shazam: Fury Of The Gods': Helen Mirren To Play Villain Hespera In Sequel |url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323221810/https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |archive-date=23 March 2021 |access-date=23 March 2021 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref><br />
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Mirren portrayed [[Golda Meir]], prime minister of Israel from 1969 to 1974, in a 2023 [[biopic]] entitled ''[[Golda (film)|Golda]]''. Reviewing the film in ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] wrote that "Mirren makes her terse, decisive, and ferociously alive."<ref>{{cite web |last=Gleiberman |first=Owen |title=Golda' Review: Helen Mirren Channels Golda Meir in a Tense Dramatization of the Yom Kippur War |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/reviews/golda-review-helen-mirren-golda-meir-1973-yom-kippur-war-1235529163/ |website=Variety |date=20 February 2023 |access-date=18 June 2023}}</ref> She also appeared in the 2022 music video for [[Kendrick Lamar]]'s "[[Count Me Out (Kendrick Lamar song)|Count Me Out]]" as a therapist.<ref>{{citation |title=Kendrick Lamar – Count Me Out |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GhhVHpPR_M |access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref><br />
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==Television career==<br />
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===''Prime Suspect''===<br />
Mirren is known for her role as detective Jane Tennison in the widely viewed ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', a multiple award-winning television drama series that was noted for its high quality and popularity. Her portrayal of Tennison won her [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] between 1992 and 1994 (making her one of four actors to have received three consecutive [[BAFTA TV Awards]] for a role, alongside [[Robbie Coltrane]], [[Julie Walters]] and [[Michael Gambon]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/dame-helen-mirren-10-things-202365 |title=Dame Helen Mirren: 10 things you need to know about the Oscar nominated actress |date=18 February 2010 |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |location=London |access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> Primarily due to ''Prime Suspect'', in 2006 Mirren came 29th on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]’s poll of [[TV's 50 Greatest Stars]] voted by the British public.<ref name="Poll">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5142726.stm| title=ITV to salute '50 greatest stars'| date=3 July 2006| work=[[BBC News]]| access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><br />
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===Other roles===<br />
Mirren's other television performances include ''[[Cousin Bette]]'' (1971); ''[[BBC Television Shakespeare|As You Like It]]'' (1979); ''[[Blue Remembered Hills]]'' (1979); ''[[The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' episode "[[Dead Woman's Shoes (The Twilight Zone)|Dead Woman's Shoes]]" (1985); ''[[The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)|The Passion of Ayn Rand]]'' (1999), where her performance won her an [[Emmy]]; ''[[Door to Door (film)|Door to Door]]'' (2002); and ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' (2003). In 1976, she appeared with [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Alan Bates]] and [[Malcolm McDowell]] in a production of [[Harold Pinter]]'s ''[[The Collection (play)|The Collection]]'' as part of the ''[[Laurence Olivier Presents]]'' series. She also played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in 2005, in the television serial ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'', for [[Channel 4]] and [[HBO]], for which she received an [[Emmy Award]] and a [[Golden Globe Award]]. Mirren won another Emmy Award on 16 September 2007 for her role in ''[[Prime Suspect|Prime Suspect: The Final Act]]'' on PBS in the same category as in 2006. Mirren hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' on 9 April 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://watching-tv.ew.com/2011/04/10/saturday-night-live-helen-mirren-foo-fighters/ |title='Saturday Night Live' recap: Helen Mirren transcended a laugh-lite 'SNL' |last=Tucker |first=Ken |date=10 April 2011 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> In 2022, she portrayed Cara Dutton in the ''[[Yellowstone (American TV series)|Yellowstone]]'' spinoff ''[[1923 (TV series)|1923]]'', which also featured [[Harrison Ford]] and [[Timothy Dalton]].<br />
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==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren figure at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|upright|Waxwork of Mirren at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]<br />
Mirren lived with Northern Irish actor [[Liam Neeson]] during the early 1980s; they met while working on ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981). When interviewed by [[James Lipton]] for ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]'', Neeson said Mirren was instrumental in his getting an agent.<br />
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Mirren began dating American director [[Taylor Hackford]] in 1986. They were married on 31 December 1997, Hackford's 53rd birthday, at the [[Ardersier]] Parish Church near [[Inverness]] in the [[Scottish Highlands]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Dame Helen Mirren fights sewage plant plan in quiet fishing village where she got married |date=30 May 2016 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 January 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> They met on the set of ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985). It is her first marriage and his third. (He has two children from his previous marriages.) She has no children herself, and has stated that she has "no maternal instinct whatsoever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/mirren%20i%20have%20no%20maternal%20instinct_1023284 |title=Mirren: 'I Have No Maternal Instinct' |date=26 February 2007 |website=Contactmusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's autobiography, ''In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures'', was published in the UK by [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] in September 2007. Reviewing for ''[[The Stage]]'', John Thaxter wrote: "Sumptuously illustrated, at first sight it looks like another of those photo albums of the stars. But between the pictures there are almost 200 pages of densely printed text, an unusually frank story of her private and professional life, mainly in the theatre, the words clearly Mirren's own, delivered with forthright candour."<ref>{{cite news |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=1 November 2007 |newspaper=The Stage}}</ref><br />
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In 1990, Mirren said in an interview that she was an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sunday Review Pages: Helen Mirren interview |last=Garfield |first=Simon |date=25 November 1990 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |page=27 |quote=Sometimes I feel like a farmer during a war, someone who doesn't know very much about it and carries on digging, hoping for rain. But just the last few days I've had this terrible feeling of... doom. It's a, er, [[Bible|biblical]], kind of [[Old Testament]] feeling. I'm an atheist, but I was suddenly thinking of those stories of the flood and punishment. Because we've become unbelievably greedy and destructive.}}</ref> In the August 2011 issue of ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', she said, "I am quite spiritual. I believed in fairies when I was a child. I still do sort of believe in the [[fairies]]. And the [[leprechauns]]. But I don't believe in God."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/helen-mirren-quotes-0811 |title=Helen Mirren: What I've Learned |last=Fussman |first=Cal |date=7 July 2011 |magazine=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |access-date=8 January 2013}}</ref><br />
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In a 2008 interview with ''[[GQ]]'', Mirren revealed she was [[date rape]]d as a student, and had often taken [[cocaine]] at parties in her twenties and until the 1980s.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/09/01/helen.mirren.rape/index.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren in date-rape revelation |date=1 September 2008 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref><ref name=indie>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Mirren talks of her date-rapes, then provokes furore with views on sex attackers |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |date=1 September 2008 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref> She stopped using it after reading that [[Klaus Barbie]] made a living from cocaine dealing.<ref name=cnn/><ref name=indie/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7591142.stm |title=Dame Helen in cocaine admission |date=1 September 2008 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901101327/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2008 |title='The Queen' actress Dame Helen Mirren reveals former love of cocaine |last=Simpson |first=Aislinn |date=31 August 2008 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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On 11 May 2010, Mirren attended the unveiling of her waxwork at [[Madame Tussauds]] in London. In 2012, she was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]] to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork—The Beatles' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' album cover—to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admired.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited |title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday |first=Caroline |last=Davies |date=2 April 2012 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026 |title=Sir Peter Blake's new Beatles' Sgt Pepper's album cover |date=2 April 2012 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2010, she was named Sexiest Woman Alive by ''Esquire'', and in a 2011 photo shoot for the magazine, she stripped down and covered up with the [[Union Jack]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Helen Mirren shows off her patriotism in Esquire photo shoot |date=15 July 2011 |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/helen-mirren-shows-off-her-patriotism-in-esquire-photo-shoot.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAL-vIbYr3zdTdvehdRUc0lnYjJRXjrH4_m5WPohtumjKkQF5ZjHQLJtDu-wBH128akA-SIGhwuqIxJGGVah71ko93k0SrMjCBGWYNe6o4pAX1bMxdQKNuPUDWP0gRMadkT21jNy7mPWtoRB9gY_JEBadANEeCY_pMxeHk9kSdO2G |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2013, Mirren was announced as one of several new models for [[Marks & Spencer]]'s "Womanism" campaign. Subtitled "Britain's leading ladies", the campaign featured Mirren alongside British women from various fields, including pop singer [[Ellie Goulding]], double Olympic gold medal-winning boxer [[Nicola Adams]], and writer [[Monica Ali]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/aug/19/marks-spencer-new-ad-annie-leibowitz |title=Marks & Spencer's new ad: what does it mean? |first=Lauren |last=Cochrane |date=19 August 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In March 2013, ''The Guardian'' listed Mirren as one of the 50 Best-Dressed Over 50.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s |title=The 50 best-dressed over 50s |first=Jess |last=Cartner-Morley |date=29 March 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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She told the ''[[Radio Times]]'', "I'm a [[naturism|naturist]] at heart. I love being on beaches where everyone is naked. Ugly people, beautiful people, old people, whatever. It's so unisexual and so liberating."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-09-19/celebrity-nudists-the-stars-who-like-to-let-it-all-hang-out |title=Celebrity nudists: the stars who like to let it all hang out |date=19 September 2014 |magazine=Radio Times |location=London |access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref> In 2004, she was named Naturist of the Year by [[British Naturism]]. She said: "Many thanks to British Naturism for this great honour. I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!"<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |title=Dame Helen Mirren named 'Naturist of the Year' |date=8 January 2012 |publisher=British Naturism |access-date=26 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004094251/http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |archive-date=4 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2006, Mirren stated that she was never a member of any [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|political party]].<ref name="independent">{{cite web |title=Helen Mirren: Her crowning achievement |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |work=The Independent |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708131908/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |archive-date=8 July 2022 |date=18 August 2006 |quote="I've never been a member of Labour, or any political party for that matter, but in 1997 I wanted to get rid of the Conservatives; wanted to get rid of that appalling lot." |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirren became a [[U.S. citizen]] in 2017 and voted in her first U.S. election in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/oscar-winner-tahoe-resident-helen-mirren-casts-1st-american-vote |title=Oscar winner, Tahoe resident Helen Mirren casts 1st American vote| date=15 October 2020 |newspaper=Tahoe Daily Tribune |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |newspaper=[[Record-Courier (Nevada)|The Record-Courier]] |location=[[Gardnerville, Nevada]] |title='The Queen' casts her ballot in Minden |date=17 October 2020 |last=Hildebrand |first=Kurt |access-date=18 October 2020 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116061403/https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She supported Patricia Ackerman in her campaign against [[Mark Amodei]] in {{ushr|NV|2}}.<ref name="democrat">{{cite web |last1=Jackson |first1=Hugh |title=Helen Mirren for governor |url=https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |publisher=Nevada Current |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022204617/https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |archive-date=22 October 2020 |date=22 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In April 2021, she took part in the [[music video]] "La Vacinada" (meaning ''the vaccinated woman'' in broken [[Spanish language]]) of Italian comedian and singer [[Checco Zalone]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/checco-zalone-pokes-fun-at-helen-mirrens-age-in-viral-video-9xgd0q99d| title=Checco Zalone pokes fun at Helen Mirren's age in viral video| newspaper=The Times| location=London| date=1 May 2021| access-date=2 May 2021| url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
In the song and video, Zalone jokes about the fact that, in times of [[Covid-19 pandemic]], it is safer to have an [[affair]] with someone who has already been [[vaccinated]] against the [[virus]], and as [[the elderly]] get vaccinated first, an older partner (played by Mirren in the video) is now the best choice.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='The Telegraph' recap: Helen Mirren joins Italy's best known comic in light-hearted sketch to promote Covid-19 vaccine |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=30 April 2021 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph | location=London |access-date=30 April 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Acting credits==<br />
{{main|Helen Mirren on screen and stage}}<br />
<br />
==Awards and honours==<br />
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren}}<br />
<br />
Among her major competitive awards, Mirren has won one [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]], four [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA Awards]], three [[Golden Globe Awards]], five [[Emmy Awards]], and one [[Tony Awards|Tony Award]]. Her numerous honorary awards include the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] and Gala Tribute presented by the [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]].<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/45th-chaplin-award-gala-will-honor-helen-mirren/ |title=45th Chaplin Award Gala Will Honor Helen Mirren |website=Film Society of Lincoln Center |date=14 October 2017 |access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]] in December.<ref name="Damehood"/><ref name="Ceremony"/> In January 2009, Mirren was named on ''[[The Times]]''' list of the top 10 British actresses of all time. The list included [[Julie Andrews]], [[Helena Bonham Carter]], [[Judi Dench]] and [[Audrey Hepburn]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5502980.ece |title=The best British film actresses of all time |date=12 January 2009 |newspaper=The Times |location=London | first=James | last=Christopher | access-date=27 May 2020 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Mirren| first=Helen| title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BoEtOA98XQAC| publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]| year=2011| isbn=978-1-4165-7341-8}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of British actors]]<br />
* [[List of British Academy Award nominees and winners]]<br />
* [[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]<br />
* [[List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="VF2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/11/helen-mirren-nude-scene |title=Helen Mirren Reveals The One Nude Scene She Didn't Mind Filming |last=Miller |first=Julie |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<ref name="peop_Hele">{{cite web |url=http://www.people.com/article/helen-mirren-talks-nude-scenes |title=Helen Mirren Reveals Her Favorite Nude Scenes Were for Caligula: 'Everyone Was Naked' |last=McNiece |first=Mia |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=People |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Ward| first=Philip| date=October 25, 2019| title=Becoming Helen Mirren| publisher=Troubador Press| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=becoming+helen+mirren| access-date=March 1, 2022}} A survey of the actor's early career.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{sister project links|b=no|commons=Category:Helen Mirren|d=Q349391|n=no|q=Helen Mirren|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|545}}<br />
* {{IBDB name|53256}}<br />
* {{Playbill person|helen-mirren-vault-0000099983}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|260}}<br />
* {{NYTtopic|people/m/helen_mirren}}<br />
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{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Awards for Helen Mirren]]<br />
|list =<br />
{{AcademyAwardBestActress 2001-2020}}<br />
{{AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Grownup Love Story}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actress 2000-2019}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{British Academy Television Award for Best Actress 1980-1999}}<br />
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards}}<br />
{{Prix d'interprétation féminine 1980–1999}}<br />
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{DramaDesk PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActress 1976-2000}}<br />
{{European Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{European Film Academy Achievement in World Cinema Award}}<br />
{{Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Lincoln Center Gala Tribute}}<br />
{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureDrama 2001-2020}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressTVMiniseriesFilm}}<br />
{{GoldenOrangeHonoraryAward}}<br />
{{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}}<br />
{{Honorary Golden Bear}}<br />
{{OlivierAward PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress 2001-present}}<br />
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{RTS Programme Award for Best Performance by a Female Actor}}<br />
{{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Motion Picture}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Television Miniseries or Film}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Supporting Actress Series Miniseries or Television Film}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleLeadMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleSupportMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleTVMiniseriesMovie}}<br />
{{Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award}}<br />
{{Stanislavsky Award}}<br />
{{St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{TonyAward PlayLeadActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{TFCA Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Volpi Cup for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
{{British Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirren, Helen}}<br />
[[Category:1945 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses awarded damehoods]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Essex]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Middlesex University]]<br />
[[Category:Audiobook narrators]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award (television) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actress Golden Globe winners]]<br />
[[Category:British naturists]]<br />
[[Category:Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:English atheists]]<br />
[[Category:English film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Russian descent]]<br />
[[Category:English radio actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English Shakespearean actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English expatriates in the United States]]]<br />
[[Category:English stage actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English voice actresses]]<br />
[[Category:European Film Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:Golden Orange Honorary Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Honorary Golden Bear recipients]]<br />
[[Category:Laurence Olivier Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:National Youth Theatre members]]<br />
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Hammersmith]]<br />
[[Category:People from Westcliff-on-Sea]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]]<br />
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Matter_of_Life_and_Death_(play)&diff=1184588843A Matter of Life and Death (play)2023-11-11T10:37:24Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1184583404 by CloudAgency1 (talk) Seems to have no connection to the article.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{other uses|A Matter of Life and Death (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{italic title}}<br />
<br />
'''''A Matter of Life and Death''''' is a stage adaptation by [[Tom Morris (director)|Tom Morris]] and [[Emma Rice (director)|Emma Rice]] of [[Powell and Pressburger]]'s 1946 [[A Matter of Life and Death (film)|film of the same name]] for the company [[Kneehigh Theatre]]. Its first run at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] lasted from 3 May 2007 to 21 June 2007.<br />
<br />
==Cast & crew==<br />
Taken from the programme of the performance at the [[Olivier Theatre#Architecture|Olivier Theatre]], [[London]], 12 May 2007.<br />
<br />
===Production team===<br />
* Director: Emma Rice<br />
* Set Designer: [[Bill Mitchell (designer)|Bill Mitchell]]<br />
* Costume Designer: [[Vicki Mortimer]]<br />
* Lighting Designer: [[Mark Henderson (lighting designer)|Mark Henderson]]<br />
* Choreographer: [[Debra Batton]] & Emma Rice<br />
* Music: [[Stu Barker]]<br />
* Sound Designer: [[Gareth Fry]]<br />
* Projection Designers: [[Jon Driscoll]] & [[Gemma Carrington]]<br />
<br />
===Cast===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="2" align="left" | On Earth<br />
|-<br />
| Peter<br />
| [[Tristan Sturrock]]<br />
|-<br />
| June<br />
| [[Lyndsey Marshal]]<br />
|-<br />
| Bob<br />
| [[Craig Johnson (actor)|Craig Johnson]]<br />
|-<br />
| Girl<br />
| [[Debbie Korley]]<br />
|-<br />
| Frank<br />
| [[Douglas Hodge]]<br />
|-<br />
| Dr McEwan<br />
| [[Andy Williams (actor)|Andy Williams]]<br />
|-<br />
| Mr Archer<br />
| [[Chiké Okonkwo]]<br />
|-<br />
| Harold<br />
| [[Mike Shepherd (actor)|Mike Shepherd]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="2" align="left" | Between Life and Death<br />
|-<br />
| Boy<br />
| [[Dan Canham]]<br />
|-<br />
| Woman<br />
| [[Dorothy Atkinson]]<br />
|-<br />
| Nurse<br />
| [[Fiona Chivers]]<br />
|-<br />
| Nurse<br />
| [[Meryl Fernandes]]<br />
|-<br />
| Nurse<br />
| [[Lorraine Stewart]]<br />
|-<br />
| Nurse<br />
| [[Kirsty Woodward]]<br />
|-<br />
| Patient<br />
| [[Jamie Bradley]]<br />
|-<br />
| Patient<br />
| [[Thomas Goodridge]]<br />
|-<br />
| Patient<br />
| [[Pieter Lawman]]<br />
|-<br />
| Patient<br />
| [[Róbert Luckay]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="2" align="left" | In the Other World<br />
|-<br />
| Conductor 71<br />
| [[Gisli Örn Gardarsson]]<br />
|-<br />
| Chief Recorder<br />
| [[Tamzin Griffin]]<br />
|-<br />
| First Prosecutor<br />
| [[Stuart McLoughlin]]<br />
|-<br />
| colspan="2" align="left" | All other parts played by members of the Company<br />
|-<br />
| Musician<br />
| [[Stu Barker]]<br />
|-<br />
| Musician<br />
| [[Pete Judge]]<br />
|-<br />
| Musician<br />
| [[Dominic Lawton]]<br />
|-<br />
| Musician<br />
| [[Alex Vann (actor)|Alex Vann]]<br />
|-<br />
| Musician<br />
| [[Michael Vince]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Differences from the film==<br />
<br />
{{Expand section|date=June 2008}}<br />
Though the plot of the adaptation was broadly similar, there are some differences. In the play June, the radio operator, with whom Peter falls in love, was British rather than American, since the company "felt that it would distract attention from the central story and towards the different issues of Anglo-American relations today".[http://arts.guardian.co.uk/theatre/drama/story/0,,2074143,00.html] However, this meant that the courtroom scenes could not include the arguments about [[United Kingdom|Britain]], its historical place in world events and how it is perceived by the rest of the world, and had to be replaced with different arguments about war and the effects of war. For the denouement, Peter's fate was decided by the toss of a coin, rather than by June's offer to change places with him; the end thus varied from performance to performance.<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
The production itself included many coups de theatre to represent things like the ''camera obscura'', the table tennis game frozen in time and the Stairway to Heaven.<br />
<br />
Most of the major reviewers seem to have seen it on a night when the toss of the coin determined that Peter would die. This does tend to negate much of what has gone before, all of his struggles to stay alive. Those that saw it on a night when Peter lived usually give a more positive report.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}<br />
<br />
==Controversy==<br />
Though individual assessments varied from [[Nicholas de Jongh]]'s wholly negative account in the [[Evening Standard]] to [[Susannah Clapp]]'s enthusiastic review in [[The Observer]], critical reaction to the play was generally poor. This prompted an attack by National Theatre director [[Nicholas Hytner]] on the major London critics, whom he described as "dead white men"[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/stage/article1785100.ece]. His charges of misogyny and prejudice against female directors and new styles of theatre were hotly rebutted by his targets.<br />
<br />
==Other productions==<br />
A production was staged at [[The Space (Theatre)|The Space]], an arts and community centre on the [[Isle of Dogs]] in London, from 14 to 16 June 2012.<ref>[http://www.offwestend.com/index.php/plays/view/7869 "A Matter of Life and Death, by Tom Morris and Emma Rice at The Space"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231138/http://www.offwestend.com/index.php/plays/view/7869 |date=3 March 2016 }}, ''OffWestEnd.com''. Retrieved 2012-11-02.</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.nationaltheatre.org.uk/?lid=23064 National Theatre]<br />
*[http://arts.guardian.co.uk/theatre/drama/story/0,,2074143,00.html ''Guardian'' newspaper article]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927202716/http://www.officiallondontheatre.co.uk/news/display?contentId=93907 Interview with actor Douglas Hodge]<br />
<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Matter of Life And Death}}<br />
[[Category:2007 plays]]<br />
[[Category:Plays based on films]]<br />
[[Category:British plays]]<br />
[[Category:Existentialist plays]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Mirren&diff=1178077427Helen Mirren2023-10-01T13:05:48Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1178071114 by 2601:580:C100:7BD0:35AE:2D0D:7BA7:7EE (talk) READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR, it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|British actor (born 1945)}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Dame]]<br />
| name = Helen Mirren<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}}<br />
| image = Helen Mirren-2208 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Mirren in 2020<br />
| alt = Mirren at the 2020 Berlin International Film Festival<br />
| birth_name = Helen Lydia Mironoff<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1945|7|26}}<br />
| birth_place = London, England<!--No boroughs/neighbourhoods, just cities per format.--><br />
| citizenship = {{hlist|United Kingdom|United States}}<br />
| occupation = Actor<!-- READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR, it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --><br />
| years_active = 1965–present<br />
| works = [[Helen Mirren on screen and stage|Full list]]<br />
| partner = [[Liam Neeson]] (1980–1985)<ref>{{cite web |last=McArdle |first=Tommy |title=Helen Mirren Says She and Ex Liam Neeson 'Loved Each Other' But 'Were Not Meant to Be Together' |url=https://people.com/movies/helen-mirren-says-she-and-ex-liam-neeson-loved-each-other-but-were-not-meant-to-be-together/ |date=22 November 2022 |access-date=28 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Guglielmi |first=Jodi |title=Liam Neeson Recalls First Falling for Former Flame Helen Mirren: 'I Was Smitten' |url=https://people.com/movies/liam-neeson-helen-mirren-talk-past-relationship/ |date=19 January 2018 |access-date=28 January 2023}}</ref><br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Taylor Hackford]]|31 December 1997}}<br />
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Simon Mirren]] (nephew)|[[Tania Mallet]] (cousin)|[[Rio Hackford]] (stepson)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/rio-hackford-dead-mandalorian-1235233527/|title=Rio Hackford, Club Owner and Actor, Dies at 52|first=Pat|last=Saperstein|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=15 April 2022|access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>|[[Mikhail Kamensky]] (great-great-great-great-grandfather)}}<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Full list]]<br />
| website = {{URL|helenmirren.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dame Helen Mirren''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} (born '''Helen Lydia Mironoff'''; 26 July 1945) is a British<!--as per [[MOS:BIO]]; became notable as British and not British-American--> actor.<!--PLEASE READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --> She is the recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|numerous accolades]] and is the only performer to have achieved both [[Triple Crown of Acting|the American]] and [[Triple Crown (UK entertainment)|the British]] Triple Crowns of Acting. Mirren has received an [[Academy Award]] and a [[British Academy Film Award]] for her portrayal of Queen [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'', a [[Tony Award]] and a [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for portraying the same character in ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]'', three [[British Academy Television Awards]] for her performance as DCI Jane Tennison in ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]], and a [[Children's and Family Emmy Award]].<br />
<br />
Mirren's stage performance as [[Cleopatra]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[National Youth Theatre]] in 1965 provided her an opportunity to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]], before making her [[West End theatre|West End]] stage debut in 1975. She subsequently went on to achieve success in film and television, appearing in films such as ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001), and ''[[The Last Station]]'' (2009), receiving Academy Award nominations for each of those performances. For her role on ''Prime Suspect'', which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] (1992, 1993 and 1994)—a record of consecutive wins shared with Dame [[Julie Walters]]—and two [[Primetime Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/helen-mirren |title=Helen Mirren |website=[[Emmy Award]] |access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> She played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 TV series)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), and [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in the film ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006); she is the only actor to have portrayed both of the regnant Elizabeths on screen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Helen Mirren, at 75, remains the queen of acting |url=https://www.dw.com/en/why-helen-mirren-at-75-remains-the-queen-of-acting/a-52429296 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
After her breakthrough role in ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980), Mirren appeared in a variety of other films including ''[[Cal (1984 film)|Cal]]'' (1984), for which she won the [[Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress]], ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover]]'' (1989), ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003), ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]'' (2010), ''[[The Debt (2010 film)|The Debt]]'' (2010), ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'' (2012), ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' (2014), ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'' (2015), ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'' (2015), and ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' (2017). She has also appeared in several action films such as ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'' (2010) and its sequel ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]'' (2013), as well as in the ''[[Fast & Furious]]'' film franchise ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'' (2017), ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]'' (2019), and ''[[F9 (film)|F9]]'' (2021).<br />
<br />
In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref name="Damehood">{{London Gazette|issue=56963|supp=y|page=7 |date=14 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Ceremony">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |title=Dame Helen centre stage at palace |date=5 December 2003 |website=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725070213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |archive-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> <br />
She's received numerous honours including a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013,<ref name="Walk of fame">{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |title=Helen Mirren Gets Hollywood Walk of Fame Star |date=4 January 2013 |website=[[Sky News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116224406/http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement in 2014,<ref name="bafta.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/helen-mirren-fellowship-2014,4076,BA.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren&nbsp;– BAFTA Fellow in 2014 |date=26 January 2014 |website=BAFTA |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> and [[Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award]] in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grater |first1=Tom |title=Helen Mirren To Receive SAG Life Achievement Award |url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/helen-mirren-sag-life-achievement-award-1234876685/ |website=Deadline |date=18 November 2021 |access-date=November 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
<!-- Although it is common to have an 'a' at the end of a woman's patronymic, when Russian families moved to the UK, they often "froze" their surnames and didn't follow the old patronymic rules any more. The same applies to other nationalities like Icelandic and those from Nordic countries. Had she been born in Russia, Helen Mirren likely would have been named Yelena or Ilyena Vasilyeva Mironova. But she was born in the UK and was named Helen Lydia Mironoff --><br />
Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff on 26 July 1945<ref name="biography.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/helen-mirren-547434 |title=Helen Mirren Biography: Actor (1945–) |website=[[Biography.com]] |publisher=[[FYI (TV network)|FYI]]/[[A&E Networks]] |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=ker>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002fa_fact1 |title=Command Performance: The reign of Helen Mirren |last=Lahr |first=John |date=2 October 2006 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=24 October 2010}}</ref> at [[Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital]] in the [[Hammersmith]] district of London,<ref name=birth>{{cite web |url=http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=bmd%2fb%2f1945%2f3%2faz%2f000858%2f014 |title=England & Wales births 1837–2006 Transcription |website=[[Findmypast]] |access-date=6 June 2016 |quote=Her birth was registered in the Hammersmith registration district |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='Whenever I see the Queen, I think, "Oh ... there I am"': The right royal progress of Helen Mirren |first=Neil |last=Norman |date=10 March 2013 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> to an English mother and Russian father.<ref name=nationsmemory>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |title=Helen Mirren |website=Nation's Memorybank |access-date=5 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207044313/http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref> Her mother, Kathleen "Kitty" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (née Rogers; 1908–1996), was a working-class woman from [[West Ham]], the thirteenth of fourteen children born to a butcher whose own father was the butcher to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name=nationsmemory/>{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=34}} Mirren's father, Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913–1980), was a member of an exiled family of the [[Russian nobility]]; he was taken to England when he was two by his father, Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov.<ref name=nationsmemory/> Pyotr Mironov, who owned a family estate near Gzhatsk (now [[Gagarin, Smolensk Oblast|Gagarin]]), was part of the Russian aristocracy. His mother, Mirren's great-grandmother, was Countess Lydia Andreevna Kamenskaya, an aristocrat and a descendant of [[Mikhail Kamensky|Count Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky]], a prominent Russian general in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=ker/><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/news/tn-vsl-xpm-2006-09-28-lap-queen0921-story.html| title=Behind the Scene:God Save The Queen| date=28 September 2006| newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Susan E.| last=James}}</ref> Pyotr Mironov served as a colonel in the [[Imperial Russian Army]] and fought in the 1904 [[Russo-Japanese War]]. He became a diplomat and was negotiating an arms deal in Britain when he and his family were stranded by the [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917.<ref name="NYTJacobs">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212214734/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-date=12 February 2020| url-status=bot: unknown| title=Helen Mirren Plays Catherine II in the Years That Made Her 'the Great'| date=21 October 2019| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Julia| last=Jacobs| url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222071030/http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-date=22 February 2019 |title=Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov Collection: The Russian Government Committee in London (1914–1939) |date=11 September 2009 |website=University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies Library |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> He settled in England and became a London cab driver to support his family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/helen-mirrens-in-the-prime-of-life-7239430.html |title=Helen Mirren's in the prime of life |date=13 July 2017 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Vasily Mironoff also played the viola with the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] before [[World War II]].<ref name=nationsmemory/> He was an ambulance driver during the war, and served in the [[East End of London]] during [[the Blitz]].{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=22}} He and Kathleen Rogers married in Hammersmith in 1938, and at some point before 1951 he anglicised his first name to Basil.<ref name=Gazette/> Shortly after Helen's birth, her father left the orchestra and returned to driving a cab to support the family. He later worked as a driving-test examiner, then became a civil servant with the [[Department for Transport|Ministry of Transport]].<ref name="biography.com"/><ref name=nationsmemory/> In 1951, he changed the family name to Mirren by [[deed poll]].<ref name=Gazette>{{London Gazette |date=12 October 1951 |issue=39356 |page= 5331 |supp=y}}</ref> Mirren considers her upbringing to have been "very anti-monarchist".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |title=Helen Mirren, British Royal Tea? |first=Natalie |last=Finn |date=26 February 2007 |website=[[E! News]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012090005/http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |archive-date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> She was the second of three children; she has an older sister Katherine ("Kate"; born 1942) and had a younger brother Peter Basil (1947–2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/189510/helen-mirren-fondly-remembers-late-costar-alan-rickman |title=Helen Mirren fondly remembers late costar Alan Rickman |last=Nepales |first=Ruben V. |date=7 February 2016 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |location=Manila |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Her paternal cousin was [[Tania Mallet]], a model and [[Bond girl]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47772012 |title=Goldfinger actress dies aged 77 |date=1 April 2019 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Mirren was brought up in [[Leigh-on-Sea]], Essex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Helen Mirren interview |last=Piccalo |first=Gina |date=7 February 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=6 November 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
Mirren attended Hamlet Court primary school in [[Westcliff-on-Sea]], where she had the lead role in a school production of ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]'',{{sfn|Mirren|2011|pp=47–48}}<ref name=autobiography>{{cite book |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |first=Helen |last=Mirren |date=25 March 2008 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |isbn=978-1-41656-760-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/inframemylifeinw0000mirr }}</ref> and [[St Bernard's High School for Girls]] in [[Southend-on-Sea]], where she also acted in school productions. She subsequently attended a teaching college, the [[Middlesex University|New College of Speech and Drama]] in London, "housed within [[Anna Pavlova]]'s old home, Ivy House" on [[North End Road, Golders Green|North End Road]] in [[Golders Green]]. At the age of eighteen, she passed the audition for the [[National Youth Theatre]] (NYT); and at twenty, she played [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra]] in the NYT production of ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Old Vic]], a role which she says "launched my career" and led to her signing with agent [[Albert Parker (director)|Al Parker]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Fame Academy: Where Daniel Craig, Helen Mirren and Colin Firth learned to act |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=22 April 2020 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Waterman |first=Ivan |date=2003 |title=Helen Mirren: The Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Metro Books |pages=[https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 18–22, 26–29] |isbn=1843580535 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Theatre career==<br />
===Early years===<br />
As a result of her work for the National Youth Theatre, Mirren was invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (RSC). While with the RSC, she played Castiza in [[Trevor Nunn]]'s 1966 staging of ''[[The Revenger's Tragedy]]'', Diana in ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (1967), Cressida in ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'' (1968), Rosalind<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |title=Helen Mirren – Biography |website=[[TalkTalk Group|TalkTalk]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233618/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> in ''[[As You Like It]]'' (1968), Julia in ''[[The Two Gentlemen of Verona]]'' (1970), Tatiana in [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]]'s ''Enemies'' at the [[Aldwych Theatre|Aldwych]] (1971), and the title role in ''[[Miss Julie]]'' at [[The Other Place (theatre)|The Other Place]] (1971). She also appeared in four productions, directed by [[Braham Murray]] for Century Theatre at the University Theatre in Manchester, between 1965 and 1967.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Braham |author-link=Braham Murray |year=2007 |title=The Worst It Can Be Is a Disaster |location=London |publisher=Methuen Drama |isbn=978-0-7136-8490-2}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1970, the director and producer [[John Goldschmidt]] made a documentary film, ''Doing Her Own Thing'', about Mirren during her time with the Royal Shakespeare Company. Made for [[Associated TeleVision|ATV]], it was shown on the ITV network in the UK. In 1972 and 1973, Mirren worked with [[Peter Brook]]'s International Centre for Theatre Research and joined the group's tour in North Africa and the US, during which they created ''[[The Conference of the Birds]]''. She then rejoined the RSC, playing [[Lady Macbeth]] at [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre|Stratford]] in 1974 and at the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in 1975.<br />
<br />
[[Sally Beauman]] reported, in her 1982 history of the RSC, that Mirren—while appearing in Nunn's ''Macbeth'' (1974), and in a letter to ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper—had sharply criticised both the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and the RSC for their lavish production expenditure, declaring it "unnecessary and destructive to the art of the Theatre", and adding, "The realms of truth, emotion and imagination reached for in acting a great play have become more and more remote, often totally unreachable across an abyss of costume and technicalities..." This started a big debate, and led to a question in parliament. There were no discernible repercussions for this rebuke of the RSC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/jul/23/helen-mirren-at-75-michael-billington |title=Helen Mirren at 75: wild costumes, blazing performances – and a spell as a rock banshee |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |first=Michael |last=Billington |date=23 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beauman |first=Sally |author-link=Sally Beauman |date=1982 |title=The Royal Shakespeare Company: A History of Ten Decades |url=https://archive.org/details/royalshakespeare00sall |url-access=registration |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19212-209-4}}</ref><br />
<br />
===West End and RSC===<br />
At the [[West End theatre|West End]]'s [[Royal Court Theatre]] in September 1975, she played the role of a rock star named Maggie in ''[[Teeth 'n' Smiles (play)|Teeth 'n' Smiles]]'', a musical play by [[David Hare (dramatist)|David Hare]]; she reprised the role the following year in a revival of the play at [[Wyndham's Theatre]] in May 1976.<br />
<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren at Met Opera.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the opening of the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in 2008]]<br />
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Beginning in November 1975, Mirren played in West End repertory with the Lyric Theatre Company as Nina in ''[[The Seagull]]'' and Ella in [[Ben Travers]]'s new farce ''The Bed Before Yesterday'' ("Mirren is stirringly voluptuous as the [[Jean Harlow|Harlowesque]] good-time girl": [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]], ''The Guardian''). At the RSC in Stratford in 1977, and at the Aldwych the following year, she played a steely Queen Margaret in [[Terry Hands]]' production of the three parts of ''[[Henry VI (play)|Henry VI]]'', while 1979 saw her 'bursting with grace', and winning acclaim for her performance as Isabella in [[Peter Gill (playwright)|Peter Gill]]'s production of ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' at [[Riverside Studios]].<br />
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In 1981, she returned to the Royal Court for the London premiere of [[Brian Friel]]'s ''[[Faith Healer]]''. That same year she also won acclaim for her performance in the title role of [[John Webster]]'s ''[[The Duchess of Malfi]]'', a production of Manchester's [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange Theatre]] which was later transferred to [[The Roundhouse]] in [[Chalk Farm]], London. Reviewing her portrayal for ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'', [[Francis King]] wrote: "Miss Mirren never leaves it in doubt that even in her absences, this ardent, beautiful woman is the most important character of the story." In her performance as Moll Cutpurse in ''[[The Roaring Girl]]''—at the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre]] in January 1983, and at the [[Barbican Theatre]] in April 1983—she was described as having "swaggered through the action with radiant singularity of purpose, filling in areas of light and shade that even [[Thomas Middleton]] and [[Thomas Dekker (poet)|Thomas Dekker]] omitted."&nbsp;– [[Michael Coveney]], ''[[Financial Times]]'', April 1983.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Philip |title=Becoming Helen Mirren |date=25 October 2019 |publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=roaring+girl| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of 1989, Mirren co-starred with [[Bob Peck]] at the [[Young Vic]] in the London premiere of the [[Arthur Miller]] double-bill, ''Two Way Mirror'', performances which prompted Miller to remark: "What is so good about English actors is that they are not afraid of the open expression of large emotions. British actors like to speak. In London, there’s a much more open-hearted kind of exchange between stage and audience" (interview by [[Sheridan Morley]]: ''[[The Times]]'' 11 January 1989).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bigsby |first1=Christopher |title=Arthur Miller: 1962–2005 |date=2011 |publisher=Hachette UK}}</ref> In ''[[Elegy for a Lady]]'' she played the svelte proprietress of a classy boutique, while as the blonde hooker in ''[[Some Kind of Love Story]]'' she was "clad in a Freudian slip and shifting easily from waif-like vulnerability to sexual aggression, giving the role a breathy Monroesque quality".<ref>{{cite news |title=The Coutours of Passion| newspaper=The Guardian| location=London| date=25 January 1989| page=46| last=Billington| first=Michael| url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259882155/ |access-date=22 October 2020 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><br />
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On 15 February 2013, at the West End's [[Gielgud Theatre]] she began a turn as [[Elizabeth II]] in the World Premiere of [[Peter Morgan]]'s ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |title=The Audience |website=Hit The Theatre.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232730/http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> The show was directed by [[Stephen Daldry]]. In April she was named best actress at the [[Olivier Awards]] for her role.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |title=Helen Mirren crowned queen of the stage |date=30 April 2013 |website=[[3 News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233730/http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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===Broadway debut===<br />
A further stage breakthrough came in 1994, in an [[Yvonne Arnaud Theatre]] production bound for the West End, when [[Bill Bryden]] cast her as Natalya Petrovna in [[Ivan Turgenev]]'s ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''. Her co-stars were [[John Hurt]] as her aimless lover Rakitin and [[Joseph Fiennes]] in only his second professional stage appearance as the cocksure young tutor Belyaev.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Month in the Country |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=4 March 1994 |newspaper=[[Richmond & Twickenham Times]] |quote=Instead of a bored Natalya fretting the summer away in dull frocks, Mirren, dazzlingly gowned, is a woman almost wilfully allowing her heart's desire for her son's young tutor to rule her head and wreak domestic havoc....Creamy shoulders bared, she feels free to launch into a gloriously enchanted, dreamily comic self-confession of love.}}</ref><br />
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Prior to 2015, Mirren had twice been nominated for Broadway's [[Tony Award]] for Best Actress in a Play: in 1995 for her Broadway debut in ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/26/theater/theater-review-turgenev-s-inquiry-into-calamitous-love.html |title=Theater Review; Turgenev's Inquiry Into Calamitous Love |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=26 April 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019 |quote=Miss Mirren's performance is bigger and more animated than the one she gave last year in an entirely different London production.}}</ref> and then again in 2002 for ''[[The Dance of Death (Strindberg)|The Dance of Death]]'', co-starring with Sir [[Ian McKellen]], their fraught rehearsal period coinciding with the terrorist attacks on New York on 11 September 2001.<ref name=autobiography/><br />
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On 7 June 2015‚ Mirren won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play‚ for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in ''The Audience'' (a performance which also won her the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best Actress). Her Tony Award win made her one of the few actors to achieve the US “[[Triple Crown of Acting#Helen Mirren|Triple Crown of Acting]]”, joining the ranks of acclaimed performers including [[Ingrid Bergman]]‚ Dame [[Maggie Smith]], and [[Al Pacino]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |work=Huffington Post |title=7 reasons to love Helen Mirren on her 70th birthday |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023072002/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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===National Theatre===<br />
In 1998, Mirren played [[Cleopatra]] to [[Alan Rickman]]'s [[Mark Antony|Antony]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]. The production received poor reviews; ''[[The Guardian]]'' called it "plodding spectacle rarely informed by powerful passion", while ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' said "the crucial sexual chemistry on which any great production ultimately depends is fatally absent".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=A case of hype and fall as Rickman and Mirren are put to the sword |last=Lister |first=David |date=23 October 1998 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2000 [[Nicholas Hytner]], who had worked with Mirren on the film version of ''[[The Madness of King George]]'', cast her as Lady Torrance in his revival of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[Orpheus Descending]]'' at the [[Donmar Warehouse]] in London. Michael Billington, reviewing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', described her performance as "an exemplary study of an immigrant woman who has acquired a patina of resilient toughness but who slowly acknowledges her sensuality."<ref>{{cite news |title=Southern discomfort |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/jun/29/artsfeatures4 |date=28 June 2000 |page=46 |access-date=1 March 2022 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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At the National Theatre in November 2003 she again won praise playing Christine Mannon ("defiantly cool, camp and skittish", ''[[Evening Standard]]''; "glows with mature sexual allure", ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'') in a revival of [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]'' directed by [[Howard Davies (Theatre Director)|Howard Davies]]. "This production was one of the best experiences of my professional life, The play was four and a half hours long, and I have never known that kind of response from an audience ... It was the serendipity of a beautifully cast play, with great design and direction, It will be hard to be in anything better."<ref name=autobiography/> She played the title role in [[Jean Racine]]'s ''[[Phèdre]]'' at the National in 2009, in a production directed by [[Nicholas Hytner]]. The production was also staged at the [[Epidaurus#Theatre|Epidaurus amphitheatre]] on 11 and 12 July 2009.<br />
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==Film career==<br />
Mirren has appeared in a large number of films throughout her career. Some of her earlier film appearances include roles in ''[[Herostratus (film)|Herostratus]]'' (1967, Dir. Don Levy), ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)|A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' (1968), ''[[Age of Consent (film)|Age of Consent]]'' (1969), ''[[O Lucky Man!]]'' (1973), ''[[Caligula (film)|Caligula]]'' (1979),<ref name="VF2015" /><ref name="peop_Hele" /> ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980)—co-starring with [[Bob Hoskins]] in what was her breakthrough film role,<ref name="BBC 2014">{{cite news| title=Dame Helen Mirren to receive Bafta fellowship| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-25911227| work=BBC News| date=27 January 2014| access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref> ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981), ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985), ''[[The Mosquito Coast (film)|The Mosquito Coast]]'' (1986), ''[[Pascali's Island (film)|Pascali's Island]]'' (1988) and ''[[When the Whales Came]]'' (1989). She appeared in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Some Mother's Son]]'' (1996), ''[[Painted Lady (mini series)|Painted Lady]]'' (1997) and ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="Mirren roles"/> In [[Peter Greenaway]]'s colorful ''[[The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover]]'', Mirren plays the wife opposite [[Michael Gambon]]. In ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), she plays sadistic history teacher Mrs Eve Tingle.<ref name="Mirren roles">{{cite news |title=All Helen Mirren's 61 movies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/02/all-helen-mirrens-61-movies-ranked |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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In 2007, she claimed that the director [[Michael Winner]] had treated her "like a piece of meat" at a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting call]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=David Cameron keeps his distance from film director Michael Winner |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=3 May 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=30 December 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Asked about the incident, Winner told ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I don't remember asking her to turn around but if I did I wasn't being serious. I was only doing what the [casting] agent asked me&nbsp;– and for this I get reviled! Helen's a lovely person, she's a great actor and I'm a huge fan, but her memory of that moment is a little flawed."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |title=Susan Sarandon, Gwyneth Paltrow, Charlize Theron & More Casting Couch Horror Stories |date=16 November 2012 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020104842/http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |archive-date=20 October 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren continued her successful film career when she starred in ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001) with [[Maggie Smith]] and ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003) with [[Julie Walters]]. Other more recent appearances include ''[[The Clearing (film)|The Clearing]]'' (2004), ''[[Pride (2004 film)|Pride]]'' (2004), ''[[Raising Helen]]'' (2004), and ''[[Shadowboxer]]'' (2005). Mirren also provided the voice for the supercomputer "[[Minor characters from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|Deep Thought]]" in the film adaptation of [[Douglas Adams]]'s ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' (2005). During her career, she has portrayed three British queens in different films and television series: [[Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 TV series)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), and [[Queen Charlotte|Charlotte]] in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994). She is the only actor to have portrayed both Queens Elizabeth on the screen.<ref name="BBC 2014"/><br />
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Mirren's title role of ''The Queen'' earned her numerous acting awards including a [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA]], a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Golden Globe]], and an [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Academy Award]], among many others. During her acceptance speech at the Academy Award ceremony, she praised and thanked Elizabeth II and stated that she had maintained her dignity and weathered many storms during her reign. Mirren later appeared in supporting roles in the films ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]'', ''[[Inkheart (film)|Inkheart]]'', ''[[State of Play (film)|State of Play]]'', and ''[[The Last Station]]'', for which she was nominated for an Oscar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |title=Nominees & Winners for the 82nd Academy Awards |date=24 August 2012 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411210003/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |archive-date=11 April 2010}}</ref><br />
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===2000–2009===<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren at the Orange British Academy Film Awards.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the [[60th British Academy Film Awards]] in 2007, where she won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]]]]<br />
Mirren's first film of the 2000s was [[Joel Hershman]]'s ''[[Greenfingers]]'' (2000), a comedy based on the true story about the prisoners of [[Leyhill Prison|HMP Leyhill]], a minimum-security prison, who won gardening awards.<ref name="Deitz">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/garden/free-to-grow-bluebells-in-england.html |title=Free to Grow Bluebells in England |last=Deitz |first=Paula |date=16 July 1998 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=13 |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren portrayed a devoted plantswoman in the film, who coaches a team of prison gardeners, led by [[Clive Owen]], to victory at a prestigious flower show.<ref name="Ramsey">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/22/movies/film-never-too-tough-to-be-softened-up-by-a-flower.html |title=Film; Never Too Tough to Be Softened Up by a Flower |last=Ramsey |first=Nancy |page=22 |date=22 July 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> The project received lukewarm reviews, which suggested that it added "nothing new to this already saturated genre" of [[Britcom|British feel-good films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greenfingers/ |title=Greenfingers (2000) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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The same year, she began work on the mystery film ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'', [[Sean Penn]]'s third directorial effort, in which she played a child psychologist. A critical success,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1104203-pledge |title=The Pledge (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> the [[ensemble film]] tanked at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/entertainment/1332122.stm |title=US directors laud Cannes audiences |date=15 May 2001 |website=BBC News |access-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> Also that year, she filmed the American-Icelandic satirical drama ''[[No Such Thing (film)|No Such Thing]]'' opposite [[Sarah Polley]]. Directed by [[Hal Hartley]], Mirren portrayed a soulless television producer in the film, who strives for sensationalistic stories. It was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/no_such_thing/ |title=No Such Thing (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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Her biggest critical and commercial success, released in 2001, became [[Robert Altman]]'s all-star ensemble mystery film ''[[Gosford Park]]''. A [[homage (arts)|homage]] to writer [[Agatha Christie]]'s [[whodunit]] style, the story follows a party of wealthy Britons and an American, and their servants, who gather for a shooting weekend at an [[English country house]], resulting in an unexpected murder. It received multiple awards and nominations, including a second [[Academy Award]] nomination and first [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Screen Actors Guild Award]] win for Mirren's portrayal of the sternly devoted head servant Mrs. Wilson.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/gosford-park-big-winner-article-1.485902 |title='Gosford Park' Big Winner |first=Jack |last=Mathews |date=11 March 2002 |newspaper=New York Daily News |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Fred Schepisi]]'s dramedy film ''[[Last Orders (film)|Last Orders]]'' opposite [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]].<ref name="Mirren roles"/><br />
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In 2003, Mirren starred in [[Nigel Cole]]'s comedy ''[[Calendar Girls]]'', inspired by the true story of a group of [[Yorkshire]] women who produced a [[nude calendar]] to raise money for [[Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research|Leukaemia Research]] under the auspices of the [[Women's Institutes]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/12/23/earlyshow/leisure/main590034.shtml |title=Helen Mirren's ''Calendar Girls'' |first=Rome |last=Neal |date=24 December 2003 |website=[[CBS News]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> Mirren initially was reluctant to join the project, dismissing it as another middling British picture,<ref name="mc1">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504225925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo&feature=related| archive-date=2017-05-04|title=2009&nbsp;– Movie Connections&nbsp;– Calendar Girls (2/4) |author=[[Movie Connections]] |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> but rethought her decision upon learning of the casting of co-star [[Julie Walters]].<ref name="mc1"/> The film was generally well received by critics, and grossed $96 million worldwide.<ref name="bom">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=calendargirls.htm |title=Calendar Girls (2003) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, the picture earned [[Satellite Award|Satellite]], [[Golden Globe]], and [[European Film Award]] nominations for Mirren.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0337909/awards |title=Awards for ''Calendar Girls'' |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> Her other film that year was the [[Showtime Networks|Showtime]] television film ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' opposite [[Olivier Martinez]], and [[Anne Bancroft]], based on the 1950 novel of the same title by [[Tennessee Williams]].<br />
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===2010–2014===<br />
In 2010, Mirren appeared in five films. In ''[[Love Ranch]]'', directed by her husband [[Taylor Hackford]], she portrayed [[Joe Conforte|Sally Conforte]], one half of a married couple who opened the first legal [[brothel]] in the US, the [[Mustang Ranch]] in [[Storey County, Nevada]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/04/helen_mirrens_brothel_movie_to.html |title=Helen Mirren's Brothel Movie to Open |last=Brown |first=Lane |date=6 April 2010 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren starred in the principal role of [[Prospero|Prospera]], the duchess of [[Milan]], in [[Julie Taymor]]'s ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]''. This was based on the [[The Tempest|play of the same name]] by [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]; Taymor changed the original character's gender to cast Mirren as her lead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |title=Mirren 'to star in Tempest film' |date=8 October 2008 |website=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111152135/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |archive-date=11 January 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While the actor garnered strong reviews for her portrayal, the film itself was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tempest |title=The Tempest (2010) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren at the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
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Mirren played a gutsy tea-shop owner who tries to save one of her young employees from marrying a teenage killer in [[Rowan Joffé]]'s ''[[Brighton Rock (2010 film)|Brighton Rock]]'', a [[crime film]] loosely based on [[Graham Greene]]'s 1938 [[Brighton Rock (novel)|novel]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |title=Helen Mirren: Interview |first=Ben |last=Walters |date=2 June 2015 |magazine=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128223000/http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |archive-date=28 January 2016}}</ref> The [[film noir]] [[Film premiere|premiered]] at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] in September 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |title=At TIFF: ''Brighton Rock'' Extends the Graham Greene Adaptation Curse |first=Michelle |last=Orange |date=13 September 2010 |website=[[Movieline]] |access-date=27 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916205701/http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |archive-date=16 September 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> where it received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/movies/brighton-rock-film-of-graham-greene-novel-review.html |title=A Meek Rose Amid the Mods and Rockers in an English Resort Town |first=Stephen |last=Holden |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=25 August 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=27 August 2011 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mirren's biggest critical and commercial success of the year was [[Robert Schwentke]]'s ensemble action comedy ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'', based on [[Warren Ellis]]'s graphic novel, in which she portrayed Victoria, an ex-[[MI6]] assassin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |title=Casting Notes: Alan Cumming in Burlesque; Mirren Does Espionage; Dempsey Steals Laughs; Weaver and Shawkat Hit Cedar Rapids |first=Russ |last=Fischer |date=4 November 2009 |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=19 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122185818/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |archive-date=22 January 2010}}</ref> Mirren was initially hesitant to sign on due to film's graphic violence, but changed her mind upon learning of [[Bruce Willis]]'s involvement.<ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |archive-date=10 December 2022 |title=Majestic Mirren |first=Emanuel |last=Levy |date=15 October 2010 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |location=London |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Released to positive reviews, it grossed $186.5 million worldwide.<ref name="mojo" >{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2010.htm |title=RED (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Also in 2010, the actor lent her voice to [[Zack Snyder]]'s computer-animated fantasy film ''[[Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole]]'', voicing [[antagonist]] Nyra, a leader of a group of owls. The film grossed $140.1 million on an $80 million budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=guardiansofgahoole.htm |title=Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=15 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's next film was the comedy film ''[[Arthur (2011 film)|Arthur]]'', a remake of the 1981 [[Arthur (1981 film)|film of the same name]], starring [[Russell Brand]] in the lead role. ''Arthur'' received generally negative reviews from critics, who declared it an "irritating, unnecessary remake".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/arthur_2011/ |title=Arthur (2011) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> In preparation for her role as a retired Israeli [[Mossad]] agent in the film ''[[The Debt (2011 film)|The Debt]]'', Mirren reportedly immersed herself in studies of Hebrew language, Jewish history, and [[Holocaust]] writing, including the life of [[Simon Wiesenthal]], while in Israel in 2009 for the filming of some of the movie's scenes. The film is a remake of a [[The Debt (2007 film)|2007 Israeli film of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/mirren-learning-hebrew-for-movie-role_1096343 |title=Mirren Learning Hebrew For Movie Role |date=27 February 2009 |website=[[ContactMusic.com]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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In 2012, Mirren played [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s wife [[Alma Reville]] in the 2012 biopic ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'', directed by [[Sacha Gervasi]] and based on [[Stephen Rebello]]'s non-fiction book ''[[Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho]]''. The film centres on the pair's relationship during the making of ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'', a controversial [[horror film]] that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker's career. It became a moderate arthouse success and garnered a lukewarm critical response from critics, who felt that it suffered from "tonal inconsistency and a lack of truly insightful retrospection."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/hitchcock |title=Hitchcock (2012) |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> Mirren was universally praised, however, with [[Roger Ebert]] noting that the film depended most on her portrayal, which he found to be "warm and effective".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=20 November 2012 |title=Hitchcock |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=21 November 2012 |archive-date=27 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127172340/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Her other film that year was ''[[The Door (2012 film)|The Door]]'', a claustrophobic drama film directed by [[István Szabó]], based on the Hungarian novel of the same name. Set at the height of [[communist]] rule in 1960s Hungary, the story of the adaptation centres on the abrasive influence that a mysterious housekeeper wields over her employer and successful novelist, played [[Martina Gedeck]]. Mirren found the role "difficult to play" and cited doing it as "one of the hardest things [she has] ever done".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/mirren-steps-through-a-new-door-20120718-22ahn.html |title=Mirren steps through a new door |first=Philippa |last=Hawker |date=19 July 2012 |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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[[File:HelenMirrenHWOFJan2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren receiving a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013]]<br />
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The following year, Mirren replaced [[Bette Midler]] in [[David Mamet]]'s biographical television film ''[[Phil Spector (film)|Phil Spector]]'' about [[Phil Spector|the American musician]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/22/phil-spector-s-jersey-girl-lawyer-meet-the-real-linda-kenney-baden.html |title=Phil Spector's Jersey Girl Lawyer: Meet the Real Linda Kenney Baden |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |date=22 March 2013 |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> The [[HBO]] film focuses on the relationship between Spector and his defence attorney Linda Kenney Baden, played by Mirren, during the first of his two [[Phil Spector#Murder conviction|murder trials for the death in 2003]] of [[Lana Clarkson]] in his California mansion. ''Spector'' received largely mixed to positive reviews from critics, particularly for Mirren and co-star [[Al Pacino]]'s performances, and was nominated for eleven [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, also winning Mirren a [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie|Screen Actors Guild Award]] at the [[20th Screen Actors Guild Awards|20th awards ceremony]]. The film drew criticism both from Clarkson's family and friends, who charged that the suicide defence was given more merit than it deserved, and from Spector's wife, who argued that Spector was portrayed as a "foul-mouthed megalomaniac" and a "minotaur".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2013/03/15/friends_of_lana_clarkson_protest_hbo_film_phil_spector/ |title=Friends of Lana Clarkson protest HBO film "Phil Spector" |last=Gupta |first=Prachi |date=15 March 2013 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref> Also in 2013, Mirren voiced the character of Dean Abigail Hardscrabble in [[Pixar]]'s computer-animated comedy film ''[[Monsters University]]'', which grossed $743 million against its estimated budget of $200 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monstersinc2.htm |title=Monsters University (2013) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=20 December 2013}}</ref> and reprised her role in the sequel film ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]''.<ref name="Mirren">{{cite web |url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |title=Helen Mirren Says She's Ready For 'Red' Sequel: 'Just Get Me The Script' |last=Warner |first=Kara |date=29 March 2011 |website=[[MTV News]] |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515150701/http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |archive-date=15 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The action comedy received a mixed reviews from film critics, who called it a "lackadaisical sequel",<ref name="TheWrap">{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/red-2-review-bruce-willis-sequel-dies-hard-lands-dull-thud-102681 |title='Red 2' Review: Bruce Willis Sequel Dies Hard, Lands With Dull Thud |last=Gilchrist |first=Todd |date=15 July 2013 |website=[[The Wrap]] |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref> but became another commercial success, making over $140 million worldwide.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=Red 2 (2013) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2.htm |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2014 was the comedy-drama ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' opposite the Indian actor [[Om Puri]]. Directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and produced by [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Oprah Winfrey]], the film is based on [[Richard C. Morais]]'s 2010 novel [[The Hundred-Foot Journey|with the same name]] and tells the story of a feud between two adjacent restaurants in a French town. Mirren garnered largely positive reviews for her performance of a snobby restaurateur, a role which she accepted as she was keen to play a French character, reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."<ref name="collider1">{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/helen-mirren-hundred-foot-journey-trumbo-interview/ |title=Helen Mirren Talks 'The Hundred-Foot Journey', Working with Om Puri, What She Looks For in Choosing Projects, 'Trumbo', and More |last1=Roberts |first1=Sheila |date=31 July 2014 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The film earned her another [[Golden Globe]] nomination and became a modest commercial success, grossing $88.9 million worldwide.<ref name=BOM2>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=100foot.htm |title=The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref><br />
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===2015–present===<br />
[[File:The Leisure Seeker 06 (36402080733).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren attending the premiere of ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' at the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
In 2015, Mirren reunited with her former assistant [[Simon Curtis (filmmaker)|Simon Curtis]] on ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'', co-starring [[Ryan Reynolds]].<ref name="collider1"/> The film was based on the true story of Jewish refugee [[Maria Altmann]] who, together with her young lawyer [[E. Randol Schoenberg|Randy Schoenberg]], fought the Austrian government to be reunited with [[Gustav Klimt]]'s painting of her aunt, the famous ''[[Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gustav-klimt-birthday-woman-in-gold_55a52d3de4b0a47ac15d61af |title=Gustav Klimt Painted Much More Than 'The Woman In Gold' |last1=Valentine |first1=Colin |date=14 July 2015 |website=[[HuffPost]] Arts & Culture |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics, although Mirren and Reynold's performances were widely praised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Woman in Gold (2015) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/woman_in_gold/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> A commercial success, ''Woman in Gold'' became one of the highest-grossing specialty films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/the-20-highest-grossing-indies-of-2015-a-running-list-1 |title=The 20 Highest Grossing Indies of 2015 (A Running List) |first=Kate |last=Erbland |date=29 December 2015 |website=Indiewire |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The same year, Mirren appeared in [[Gavin Hood]]'s thriller ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), in which she played as a military intelligence officer who leads a secret [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone]] mission to capture a terrorist group living in [[Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/aaron-paul-helen-mirren-join-colin-firth-in-thriller-eye-in-the-sky/ |title=Aaron Paul, Helen Mirren Join Colin Firth in Thriller 'Eye in the Sky' |last1=Sneider |first1=Jeff |date=16 May 2014 |website=The Wrap |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Jay Roach]]'s biographical drama ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'', co-starring [[Bryan Cranston]] and [[Diane Lane]]. The actor played [[Hedda Hopper]], the famous actor and [[gossip columnist]], in the film, which received generally positive reviews from critics and garnered her a 14th Golden Globe nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/trumbo/ |title=Trumbo (2015) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2016 was ''[[Collateral Beauty]]'', directed by [[David Frankel]]. Co-Starring [[Will Smith]], [[Keira Knightley]], and [[Kate Winslet]], the ensemble drama follows a man who copes with his daughter's death by writing letters to [[time]], [[death]], and [[love]]. The film earned largely negative reviews from critics, who called it "well-meaning but fundamentally flawed."<ref name="reviews">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/will-smith-collateral-beauty-lowest-box-office-opening-rotten-tomatoes-1201873153/ |title=How Critics' "Schoolyard Assault" On 'Collateral Beauty' Turned Ugly For Will Smith Pic |first=Anthony |last= D'Alessandro |date=18 December 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=reviews2>{{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/12/13/collateral-beauty-reviews-roundup/ |title=Collateral Beauty reviews: Will Smith movie slammed by critics |first=Danielle |last=Jackson |date=13 December 2016 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Mirren narrated ''[[Cries from Syria]]'', a [[documentary film]] about the [[Syrian Civil War]], directed by [[Evgeny Afineevsky]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/markets-festivals/hbo-cries-from-syria-1201957096/ |title=HBO Nabs 'Cries From Syria' Documentary Ahead of Sundance |first=Brent |last=Lang |date=10 January 2017 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> Also that year, she made an uncredited [[cameo appearance]] in [[F. Gary Gray]]'s ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'', the eighth instalment in the [[The Fast and the Furious |''Fast & Furious'']] franchise, playing Magdalene, the mother of Owen and [[Deckard Shaw]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1635570/how-helen-mirren-ended-up-in-the-fate-of-the-furious-according-to-vin-diesel |title=How Helen Mirren Ended Up In The Fate Of The Furious, According To Vin Diesel |first=Gregory |last=Wakeman |date=14 March 2017 |website=CinemaBlend |access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> Mirren had a larger role in director [[Paolo Virzì]]'s English-language debut ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'', based on the [[The Leisure Seeker (novel)|2009 novel of the same name]]. On set, she was reunited with [[Donald Sutherland]] with whom she had not worked again since ''[[Bethune: The Making of a Hero]]'' (1990),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/cannes-helen-mirren-and-donald-sutherland-to-topline-paolo-virzis-the-leisure-seeker-exclusive-1201772430/ |title=Cannes: Helen Mirren and Donald Sutherland to Topline Paolo Virzì's 'The Leisure Seeker' |first1=Nick |last1=Vivarelli |first2=Elsa |last2=Keslassy |date=12 May 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> portraying a terminally ill couple who escape from their retirement home and take one last cross-country adventure in a vintage van.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-donald-sutherland-team-up-for-the-leisure-seeker-cannes-1201754273/ |title=Helen Mirren & Donald Sutherland Team For 'The Leisure Seeker' – Cannes |first=Ali |last=Jaafar |date=12 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> At the [[75th Golden Globe Awards|75th awards ceremony]], Mirren received her 15th [[Golden Globe]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List |first=Rebecca |last=Rubin |date=11 December 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref><br />
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In 2018, Mirren portrayed heiress [[Sarah Winchester]] in the supernatural horror film ''[[Winchester (film)|Winchester]]'', directed by [[The Spierig Brothers]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-takes-aim-at-playing-firearm-heiress-in-hot-cannes-package-winchester-1201755962/ |title=Helen Mirren Takes Aim At Playing Firearm Heiress In Hot Cannes Package 'Winchester' |first=Mike Jr. |last=Fleming |date=14 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref> In the same year, she starred as Mother Ginger in Disney's adaptation of ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', titled ''[[The Nutcracker and the Four Realms]]'', directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and [[Joe Johnston]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/helen-mirren-nutcracker-disney-1201844942/ |title=Helen Mirren Joins Disney's 'The Nutcracker' |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=25 August 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> In 2019, she appeared in the ensemble film ''[[Berlin, I Love You]]'', the French crime thriller film ''[[Anna (2019 feature film)|Anna]]'', directed and written by [[Luc Besson]], and co-starred in the ''Fast and the Furious'' spin-off ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]''.<ref name="Oct2017V">{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/luc-besson-anna-helen-mirren-luke-evans-1202584144/ |title=Luc Besson Sets Next Film 'Anna' With Helen Mirren, Luke Evans |first1=Elsa |last1=Keslassy |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |date=9 October 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> In March 2021, she was cast as the villain Hespera in the superhero film ''[[Shazam! Fury of the Gods]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=23 March 2021 |title='Shazam: Fury Of The Gods': Helen Mirren To Play Villain Hespera In Sequel |url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323221810/https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |archive-date=23 March 2021 |access-date=23 March 2021 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref><br />
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Mirren portrayed [[Golda Meir]], prime minister of Israel from 1969 to 1974, in a 2023 [[biopic]] entitled ''[[Golda (film)|Golda]]''. Reviewing the film in ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] wrote that "Mirren makes her terse, decisive, and ferociously alive."<ref>{{cite web |last=Gleiberman |first=Owen |title=Golda' Review: Helen Mirren Channels Golda Meir in a Tense Dramatization of the Yom Kippur War |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/reviews/golda-review-helen-mirren-golda-meir-1973-yom-kippur-war-1235529163/ |website=Variety |date=20 February 2023 |access-date=18 June 2023}}</ref> She also appeared in the 2022 music video for [[Kendrick Lamar]]'s "[[Count Me Out (Kendrick Lamar song)|Count Me Out]]" as a therapist.<ref>{{citation |title=Kendrick Lamar – Count Me Out |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GhhVHpPR_M |access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref><br />
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==Television career==<br />
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===''Prime Suspect''===<br />
Mirren is known for her role as detective Jane Tennison in the widely viewed ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', a multiple award-winning television drama series that was noted for its high quality and popularity. Her portrayal of Tennison won her [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] between 1992 and 1994 (making her one of four actors to have received three consecutive [[BAFTA TV Awards]] for a role, alongside [[Robbie Coltrane]], [[Julie Walters]] and [[Michael Gambon]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/dame-helen-mirren-10-things-202365 |title=Dame Helen Mirren: 10 things you need to know about the Oscar nominated actress |date=18 February 2010 |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |location=London |access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> Primarily due to ''Prime Suspect'', in 2006 Mirren came 29th on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]’s poll of [[TV's 50 Greatest Stars]] voted by the British public.<ref name="Poll">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5142726.stm| title=ITV to salute '50 greatest stars'| date=3 July 2006| work=[[BBC News]]| access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><br />
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===Other roles===<br />
Mirren's other television performances include ''[[Cousin Bette]]'' (1971); ''[[BBC Television Shakespeare|As You Like It]]'' (1979); ''[[Blue Remembered Hills]]'' (1979); ''[[The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' episode "[[Dead Woman's Shoes (The Twilight Zone)|Dead Woman's Shoes]]" (1985); ''[[The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)|The Passion of Ayn Rand]]'' (1999), where her performance won her an [[Emmy]]; ''[[Door to Door (film)|Door to Door]]'' (2002); and ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' (2003). In 1976, she appeared with [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Alan Bates]] and [[Malcolm McDowell]] in a production of [[Harold Pinter]]'s ''[[The Collection (play)|The Collection]]'' as part of the ''[[Laurence Olivier Presents]]'' series. She also played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in 2005, in the television serial ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'', for [[Channel 4]] and [[HBO]], for which she received an [[Emmy Award]] and a [[Golden Globe Award]]. Mirren won another Emmy Award on 16 September 2007 for her role in ''[[Prime Suspect|Prime Suspect: The Final Act]]'' on PBS in the same category as in 2006. Mirren hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' on 9 April 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://watching-tv.ew.com/2011/04/10/saturday-night-live-helen-mirren-foo-fighters/ |title='Saturday Night Live' recap: Helen Mirren transcended a laugh-lite 'SNL' |last=Tucker |first=Ken |date=10 April 2011 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> In 2022, she portrayed Cara Dutton in the ''[[Yellowstone (American TV series)|Yellowstone]]'' spinoff ''[[1923 (TV series)|1923]]'', which also featured [[Harrison Ford]] and [[Timothy Dalton]].<br />
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==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren figure at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|upright|Waxwork of Mirren at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]<br />
Mirren lived with Northern Irish actor [[Liam Neeson]] during the early 1980s; they met while working on ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981). When interviewed by [[James Lipton]] for ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]'', Neeson said Mirren was instrumental in his getting an agent.<br />
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Mirren began dating American director [[Taylor Hackford]] in 1986. They were married on 31 December 1997 at the [[Ardersier]] Parish Church near [[Inverness]] in the [[Scottish Highlands]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Dame Helen Mirren fights sewage plant plan in quiet fishing village where she got married |date=30 May 2016 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 January 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> They met on the set of ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985). It is her first marriage and his third. (He has two children from his previous marriages.) She has no children, and has stated that she has "no maternal instinct whatsoever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/mirren%20i%20have%20no%20maternal%20instinct_1023284 |title=Mirren: 'I Have No Maternal Instinct' |date=26 February 2007 |website=Contactmusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's autobiography, ''In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures'', was published in the UK by [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] in September 2007. Reviewing for ''[[The Stage]]'', John Thaxter wrote: "Sumptuously illustrated, at first sight it looks like another of those photo albums of the stars. But between the pictures there are almost 200 pages of densely printed text, an unusually frank story of her private and professional life, mainly in the theatre, the words clearly Mirren's own, delivered with forthright candour."<ref>{{cite news |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=1 November 2007 |newspaper=The Stage}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 1990, Mirren said in an interview that she was an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sunday Review Pages: Helen Mirren interview |last=Garfield |first=Simon |date=25 November 1990 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |page=27 |quote=Sometimes I feel like a farmer during a war, someone who doesn't know very much about it and carries on digging, hoping for rain. But just the last few days I've had this terrible feeling of... doom. It's a, er, [[Bible|biblical]], kind of [[Old Testament]] feeling. I'm an atheist, but I was suddenly thinking of those stories of the flood and punishment. Because we've become unbelievably greedy and destructive.}}</ref> In the August 2011 issue of ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', she said, "I am quite spiritual. I believed in fairies when I was a child. I still do sort of believe in the [[fairies]]. And the [[leprechauns]]. But I don't believe in God."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/helen-mirren-quotes-0811 |title=Helen Mirren: What I've Learned |last=Fussman |first=Cal |date=7 July 2011 |magazine=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |access-date=8 January 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
In a 2008 interview with ''[[GQ]]'', Mirren revealed she was [[date rape]]d as a student, and had often taken [[cocaine]] at parties in her twenties and until the 1980s.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/09/01/helen.mirren.rape/index.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren in date-rape revelation |date=1 September 2008 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref><ref name=indie>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Mirren talks of her date-rapes, then provokes furore with views on sex attackers |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |date=1 September 2008 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref> She stopped using it after reading that [[Klaus Barbie]] made a living from cocaine dealing.<ref name=cnn/><ref name=indie/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7591142.stm |title=Dame Helen in cocaine admission |date=1 September 2008 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901101327/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2008 |title='The Queen' actress Dame Helen Mirren reveals former love of cocaine |last=Simpson |first=Aislinn |date=31 August 2008 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 11 May 2010, Mirren attended the unveiling of her waxwork at [[Madame Tussauds]] in London. In 2012, she was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]] to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork—The Beatles' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' album cover—to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admired.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited |title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday |first=Caroline |last=Davies |date=2 April 2012 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026 |title=Sir Peter Blake's new Beatles' Sgt Pepper's album cover |date=2 April 2012 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2010, she was named Sexiest Woman Alive by ''Esquire'', and in a 2011 photo shoot for the magazine, she stripped down and covered up with the [[Union Jack]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Helen Mirren shows off her patriotism in Esquire photo shoot |date=15 July 2011 |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/helen-mirren-shows-off-her-patriotism-in-esquire-photo-shoot.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAL-vIbYr3zdTdvehdRUc0lnYjJRXjrH4_m5WPohtumjKkQF5ZjHQLJtDu-wBH128akA-SIGhwuqIxJGGVah71ko93k0SrMjCBGWYNe6o4pAX1bMxdQKNuPUDWP0gRMadkT21jNy7mPWtoRB9gY_JEBadANEeCY_pMxeHk9kSdO2G |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2013, Mirren was announced as one of several new models for [[Marks & Spencer]]'s "Womanism" campaign. Subtitled "Britain's leading ladies", the campaign featured Mirren alongside British women from various fields, including pop singer [[Ellie Goulding]], double Olympic gold medal-winning boxer [[Nicola Adams]], and writer [[Monica Ali]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/aug/19/marks-spencer-new-ad-annie-leibowitz |title=Marks & Spencer's new ad: what does it mean? |first=Lauren |last=Cochrane |date=19 August 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In March 2013, ''The Guardian'' listed Mirren as one of the 50 Best-Dressed Over 50.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s |title=The 50 best-dressed over 50s |first=Jess |last=Cartner-Morley |date=29 March 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
She told the ''[[Radio Times]]'', "I'm a [[naturism|naturist]] at heart. I love being on beaches where everyone is naked. Ugly people, beautiful people, old people, whatever. It's so unisexual and so liberating."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-09-19/celebrity-nudists-the-stars-who-like-to-let-it-all-hang-out |title=Celebrity nudists: the stars who like to let it all hang out |date=19 September 2014 |magazine=Radio Times |location=London |access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref> In 2004, she was named Naturist of the Year by [[British Naturism]]. She said: "Many thanks to British Naturism for this great honour. I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!"<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |title=Dame Helen Mirren named 'Naturist of the Year' |date=8 January 2012 |publisher=British Naturism |access-date=26 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004094251/http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |archive-date=4 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2006, Mirren stated that she was never a member of any [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|political party]].<ref name="independent">{{cite web |title=Helen Mirren: Her crowning achievement |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |work=The Independent |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708131908/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |archive-date=8 July 2022 |date=18 August 2006 |quote="I've never been a member of Labour, or any political party for that matter, but in 1997 I wanted to get rid of the Conservatives; wanted to get rid of that appalling lot." |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirren became a [[U.S. citizen]] in 2017 and voted in her first U.S. election in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/oscar-winner-tahoe-resident-helen-mirren-casts-1st-american-vote |title=Oscar winner, Tahoe resident Helen Mirren casts 1st American vote| date=15 October 2020 |newspaper=Tahoe Daily Tribune |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |newspaper=[[Record-Courier (Nevada)|The Record-Courier]] |location=[[Gardnerville, Nevada]] |title='The Queen' casts her ballot in Minden |date=17 October 2020 |last=Hildebrand |first=Kurt |access-date=18 October 2020 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116061403/https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She supported Patricia Ackerman in her campaign against [[Mark Amodei]] in {{ushr|NV|2}}.<ref name="democrat">{{cite web |last1=Jackson |first1=Hugh |title=Helen Mirren for governor |url=https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |publisher=Nevada Current |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022204617/https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |archive-date=22 October 2020 |date=22 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2021, she took part in the [[music video]] "La Vacinada" (meaning ''the vaccinated woman'' in broken [[Spanish language]]) of Italian comedian and singer [[Checco Zalone]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/checco-zalone-pokes-fun-at-helen-mirrens-age-in-viral-video-9xgd0q99d| title=Checco Zalone pokes fun at Helen Mirren's age in viral video| newspaper=The Times| location=London| date=1 May 2021| access-date=2 May 2021| url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
In the song and video, Zalone jokes about the fact that, in times of [[Covid-19 pandemic]], it is safer to have an [[affair]] with someone who has already been [[vaccinated]] against the [[virus]], and as [[the elderly]] get vaccinated first, an older partner (played by Mirren in the video) is now the best choice.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='The Telegraph' recap: Helen Mirren joins Italy's best known comic in light-hearted sketch to promote Covid-19 vaccine |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=30 April 2021 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph | location=London |access-date=30 April 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Acting credits==<br />
{{main|Helen Mirren on screen and stage}}<br />
<br />
==Awards and honours==<br />
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren}}<br />
<br />
Among her major competitive awards, Mirren has won one [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]], four [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA Awards]], three [[Golden Globe Awards]], five [[Emmy Awards]], and one [[Tony Awards|Tony Award]]. Her numerous honorary awards include the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] and Gala Tribute presented by the [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]].<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/45th-chaplin-award-gala-will-honor-helen-mirren/ |title=45th Chaplin Award Gala Will Honor Helen Mirren |website=Film Society of Lincoln Center |date=14 October 2017 |access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]] in December.<ref name="Damehood"/><ref name="Ceremony"/> In January 2009, Mirren was named on ''[[The Times]]''' list of the top 10 British actresses of all time. The list included [[Julie Andrews]], [[Helena Bonham Carter]], [[Judi Dench]] and [[Audrey Hepburn]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5502980.ece |title=The best British film actresses of all time |date=12 January 2009 |newspaper=The Times |location=London | first=James | last=Christopher | access-date=27 May 2020 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Mirren| first=Helen| title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BoEtOA98XQAC| publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]| year=2011| isbn=978-1-4165-7341-8}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of British actors]]<br />
* [[List of British Academy Award nominees and winners]]<br />
* [[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]<br />
* [[List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="VF2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/11/helen-mirren-nude-scene |title=Helen Mirren Reveals The One Nude Scene She Didn't Mind Filming |last=Miller |first=Julie |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<ref name="peop_Hele">{{cite web |url=http://www.people.com/article/helen-mirren-talks-nude-scenes |title=Helen Mirren Reveals Her Favorite Nude Scenes Were for Caligula: 'Everyone Was Naked' |last=McNiece |first=Mia |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=People |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Ward| first=Philip| date=October 25, 2019| title=Becoming Helen Mirren| publisher=Troubador Press| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=becoming+helen+mirren| access-date=March 1, 2022}} A survey of the actor's early career.<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{sister project links|b=no|commons=Category:Helen Mirren|d=Q349391|n=no|q=Helen Mirren|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|545}}<br />
* {{IBDB name|53256}}<br />
* {{Playbill person|helen-mirren-vault-0000099983}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|260}}<br />
* {{NYTtopic|people/m/helen_mirren}}<br />
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{{AcademyAwardBestActress 2001-2020}}<br />
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{{AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Grownup Love Story}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actress 2000-2019}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{British Academy Television Award for Best Actress 1980-1999}}<br />
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards}}<br />
{{Prix d'interprétation féminine 1980–1999}}<br />
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{DramaDesk PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActress 1976-2000}}<br />
{{European Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{European Film Academy Achievement in World Cinema Award}}<br />
{{Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Lincoln Center Gala Tribute}}<br />
{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureDrama 2001-2020}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressTVMiniseriesFilm}}<br />
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{{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}}<br />
{{Honorary Golden Bear}}<br />
{{OlivierAward PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress 2001-present}}<br />
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{RTS Programme Award for Best Performance by a Female Actor}}<br />
{{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Motion Picture}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Television Miniseries or Film}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Supporting Actress Series Miniseries or Television Film}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleLeadMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
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{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleTVMiniseriesMovie}}<br />
{{Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award}}<br />
{{Stanislavsky Award}}<br />
{{St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{TonyAward PlayLeadActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{TFCA Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Volpi Cup for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
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{{Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
{{British Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirren, Helen}}<br />
[[Category:1945 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses awarded damehoods]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Essex]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Middlesex University]]<br />
[[Category:Audiobook narrators]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award (television) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actress Golden Globe winners]]<br />
[[Category:British naturists]]<br />
[[Category:Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:English atheists]]<br />
[[Category:English film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Russian descent]]<br />
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[[Category:English Shakespearean actresses]]<br />
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[[Category:English stage actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English voice actresses]]<br />
[[Category:European Film Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:Golden Orange Honorary Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Honorary Golden Bear recipients]]<br />
[[Category:Laurence Olivier Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:National Youth Theatre members]]<br />
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Hammersmith]]<br />
[[Category:People from Westcliff-on-Sea]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]]<br />
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Helen_Mirren&diff=1175770507Talk:Helen Mirren2023-09-17T09:23:09Z<p>SteveCrook: /* Regarding "actor" */ Reply</p>
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* <nowiki>[[Phil Spector#Murder conviction|murder trials for the death in 2003]]</nowiki> The anchor (#Murder conviction) has been [[Special:Diff/879959494|deleted by other users]] before. <!-- {"title":"Murder conviction","appear":{"revid":283704916,"parentid":283692052,"timestamp":"2009-04-14T02:40:41Z","removed_section_titles":["Murder charges"],"added_section_titles":["Murder conviction"]},"disappear":{"revid":879959494,"parentid":879958570,"timestamp":"2019-01-24T14:01:00Z","removed_section_titles":["1969–1977: Comeback and near-fatal accident","1977–1980: Death of a Ladies' Man and End of the Century","1981–present","Murder conviction"],"added_section_titles":["1970s: Comeback and Beatles collaborations","1974–1980: Near-fatal accident, Cohen, and the Ramones","1981–2003: Inactivity","2003–present: Murder conviction"]}} --><br />
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== Her name ==<br />
I have just seen, on facebook, a photo of her in 1965 and the text reads<br />
<br />
"British actress Helen Mirren 1965. At rehearsal playing Egyptian queen Cleopatra in the National Youth Theatre at the Old Vic. She was born Ilyena Lydia Vasilievna Mironov in London."<br />
It comes from a site called Historic Photographs. https://www.facebook.com/HistoricPhotographs<br />
<br />
Are we sure we have her name right?<br />
<br />
[[User:BlaiseFEgan|Blaise]] ([[User talk:BlaiseFEgan|talk]]) 08:59, 28 April 2023 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:Our entry is sourced to a ''New Yorker'' article/interview, which is more reliable than a facebook page. [[User:Bastun|<span style="font-family:Verdana, sans-serif">Bastun</span>]]<sup>[[User_talk:Bastun|Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ!]]</sup> 09:24, 28 April 2023 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== Regarding "actor" ==<br />
<br />
The article should say "actress" instead. —'''[[User:TheMainLogan|<span style="color:green;">the</span><span style="color:teal;">Main</span><span style="color:#3366cc;">Logan</span>]]''' ('''[[User talk:TheMainLogan|t]]'''•'''[[Special:Contributions/TheMainLogan|c]]''') 14:47, 15 September 2023 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:Why? Actor is a gender-neutral term. It means "One who acts". It can apply to men & women. -- [[User:SteveCrook|SteveCrook]] ([[User talk:SteveCrook|talk]]) 14:57, 15 September 2023 (UTC)<br />
::Then why do the categories say "actresses" instead of "female actors", "women actors", etc.? —'''[[User:TheMainLogan|<span style="color:green;">the</span><span style="color:teal;">Main</span><span style="color:#3366cc;">Logan</span>]]''' ('''[[User talk:TheMainLogan|t]]'''•'''[[Special:Contributions/TheMainLogan|c]]''') 20:05, 16 September 2023 (UTC)<br />
:::Because they're still behind the times :) -- [[User:SteveCrook|SteveCrook]] ([[User talk:SteveCrook|talk]]) 09:23, 17 September 2023 (UTC)</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Helen_Mirren&diff=1175510531Talk:Helen Mirren2023-09-15T14:57:29Z<p>SteveCrook: /* Regarding "actor" */ Reply</p>
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== Helen Mirren should be listed as an actress (as most female actors are on wikipedia) not actor. ==<br />
<br />
Nearly all female actors on wikipedia are listed as actresses. Helen Mirren is listed is an actor. This should be changed both in the description and for her occupation.<br />
<br />
For example here are some of the most well known actresses (ACTRESSES, not ACTORS) on wikipedia:<br />
<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meryl_Streep - Meryl Streep - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn - Audrey Hepburn - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarlett_Johansson - Scarlett Johansson - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Lawrence - Jennifer Lawrence - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Watson - Emma Watson - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Winslet - Kate_Winslet - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cate_Blanchett - Cate Blanchett - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalie_Portman - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodie_Foster - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Connelly - Actress not Actor<br />
<br />
This is about consistency more than the term itself.<br />
<br />
:See [[WP:OTHERSTUFF]]. [[User:MarnetteD|MarnetteD]]&#124;[[User talk:MarnetteD|Talk]] 19:08, 6 May 2019 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:An actor is a person who acts, it's a gender neutral term. They can call themselves whatever they want -- [[User:SteveCrook|SteveCrook]] ([[User talk:SteveCrook|talk]]) 12:52, 18 October 2019 (UTC)<br />
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:Indeed. See, in fact, our guideline on [[WP:GNL|gender neutral language]]. Mirren identifies herself as an actor, not actress. [[User:Bastun|<span style="font-family:Verdana, sans-serif">Bastun</span>]]<sup>[[User_talk:Bastun|Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ!]]</sup> 13:17, 18 October 2019 (UTC)<br />
:: Those guidelines don't offer anything about actor/actress. We should stick with normal English as used by native speakers - something of the order of 99% of English speakers use actress for a woman who acts so wikipedia should reflect normal usage. <!-- Template:Unsigned IP --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/2A00:23C7:987:BB00:50A7:7A61:EBE6:B7CF|2A00:23C7:987:BB00:50A7:7A61:EBE6:B7CF]] ([[User talk:2A00:23C7:987:BB00:50A7:7A61:EBE6:B7CF#top|talk]]) 17:12, 3 April 2020 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot--><br />
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:::Do you have a source fir that 99% number. For the last several years the Comcast menus use term actor for both genders. Other examples include interviews on the Graham Norton show where actor is used for both sexes and the use of the gender neutral wording for [[Screen Actors Guild Awards#Categories]]. It is a fact that the word actor does not mean male. It is a gender neutral term. Sources abound about the fact that actor has become a gender neutral word. The Merriam-Webster definition here [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/actor] especially its 1st example of usage in a sentence "my sister went to drama school to become an actor". Other dictionaries here [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/actor], here [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/actor] and here [http://www.webster-dictionary.org/definition/actor] all of which use gender neutral definitions. This writing style guide [http://www.guardian.co.uk/styleguide/g] agrees. Both sexes are part of the same species so separate wording is not needed. Authoress, poetess, comedienne and aviatrix are no longer needed. This falls into the same situation. [[User:MarnetteD|MarnetteD]]&#124;[[User talk:MarnetteD|Talk]] 18:26, 3 April 2020 (UTC)<br />
:::: Thanks for your follow up though I disagree about the relevance of almost all you wrote. For native speakers of English the word for a woman actor is actress, I was being conservative when I said 99%, the number will be something of the order 99.999999% if you want more precision! Cherry picking this or that group who has adopted an alternative doesn't change the reality because for every source that uses "actor" to mean women actors, there are 1000 that use actress. So you can say what about the Screen Actors Guild, fine, but then the biggest awards like the Oscars uses "actress" to refer to actresses. The Guardian's style guide is not a neutral source on this - they adopted it for explicitly political reasons and every time they use it people complain because it renders some of their articles barely intelligible when they refer to various actors and actresses as actors making it hard to follow at times. Whatever one newspaper says, Wikipeda in language always strives for the most commonly and widely understood use of language. In this case, that is actress. This isn't an area of "fact checking" etc but using commonly understood language.<br />
:::: The comparisons with authoress etc is an invalid strawman - that term isn't widely used today so nobody is arguing about that. Actress is what virtually all native English speakers call a woman actress. Wikipedia should reflect that. If someone wants to add a sourced note explaining that Mirren herself objects to being called an actress and it is deemed relevant then that is fine of course. But if tomorrow she declares herself a nuclear physicist that doens't mean Wikipedia should change how it describes her.<br />
:::: Now of course things can vary by region and age etc etc. I've had an unusually wide experience, teaching English in multiple countries. I grew up in India but had one American parent and one Indian and have lived a lot in the US, New Zealand and UK. Even in the most remote parts of India people who have been studying English for only weeks or months will always refer to an actress as an actress and if they said "actor" the teacher would correct them. I realise you might not like it but that is how the English language currently is. Perhaps campaigns like the Guardian's and other groups will bring about a change over the coming decades, who can say? But right now arguing that the most commonly used term for an actress is actually an actor is like arguing that 2+2=5 - it is simply totally disconnected from the reality of virtually all native speakers.<br />
:::: To throw in a few examples that dwarf the Guardian style guide in terms of reach both the BBC and CNN refer to Mirren as an actress, eg https://edition.cnn.com/2019/11/07/entertainment/helen-mirren-keanu-reeves/index.html and https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-50703366 . The Oscars refer to Mirren as an actress. The Times of India refer to her as an actress https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Helen-Mirren-in-DreamWorks-Indian-drama/articleshow/20873736.cms . The Times (ie London Times) refers to her as an actress https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/helen-mirren-nobody-is-all-male-or-female-ldschdn0k . The LA Times refers to Mirren as an actress https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2019-11-07/helen-mirren-keanu-reeves-girlfriend-alexandra-grant . The New Zealand Herald refers to Mirren as an actress https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=12283838 . The South China Morning Post (Hong Kong's newspaper of record) calls her an actress https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/fashion/article/3034321/helen-mirren-makes-regal-entrance-catherine-great . Over and over again almost all reputable sources call her an actress. Almost all native speakers would call her an actress. It is really wrong for Wikipedia to be hijacked to push a political view about the use of the term actress. Wikipedia should reflect common usage. As I said, let's see, maybe it will change and in a decade or two it has to be amended but right now it looks silly. <!-- Template:Unsigned IP --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/2A00:23C7:986:EB00:40CB:69B5:AB4:58FD|2A00:23C7:986:EB00:40CB:69B5:AB4:58FD]] ([[User talk:2A00:23C7:986:EB00:40CB:69B5:AB4:58FD#top|talk]]) 14:48, 9 April 2020 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot--><br />
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::::: Talking about cherry-picking... if you look a bit further that most of the publications you've cited also describe Helen Mirren as an actor. -- [[User:SteveCrook|SteveCrook]] ([[User talk:SteveCrook|talk]]) 15:00, 9 April 2020 (UTC)<br />
:::::: Every single example I posted was accurate and within the top 2 or 3 results that google offered for each source - and recent too. <!-- Template:Unsigned IP --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/2A00:23C7:986:EB00:40CB:69B5:AB4:58FD|2A00:23C7:986:EB00:40CB:69B5:AB4:58FD]] ([[User talk:2A00:23C7:986:EB00:40CB:69B5:AB4:58FD#top|talk]]) 18:05, 9 April 2020 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot--><br />
::::: There is a much simpler argument to be made for using "actress" instead of "actor". The term actor is used only five or six times in the entry in reference to Helen Mirren, all in text written by editors. In every quoted text she's referred to as an actress. The term actress appears more than 30 times in the entry: "she won three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress", "she won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress", "she was named best actress at the Olivier Awards", "nominated for Broadway's Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play", "won the Tony Award for Best Actress", "won her the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress", "she's a great actress and I'm a huge fan", "reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."", "won her three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress", "Mirren was named on The Times' list of the top 10 British actresses"- plus more occurrences in notes, bibliography and categories. It's pretty obvious that calling her an actor is not justified either by the sources or the common usage. [[User:Udippuy|Udippuy]] ([[User talk:Udippuy|talk]]) 11:33, 3 May 2021 (UTC)<br />
::::::I suggest we continue to call her an Actor, as she prefers. -[[User:Roxy the dog|'''Roxy''' <small>the grumpy dog</small>.]] [[User talk:Roxy the dog|'''wooF''']] 12:00, 3 May 2021 (UTC)<br />
:::::: I agree. The purpose of the lead section is to provide an overview of the article. If the article primarily refers to her as an actress, it should be represented in the lead. This allows the article itself to determine how the lead section is worded, instead of individual editors. [[User:MiddleAgedBanana|MiddleAgedBanana]] ([[User talk:MiddleAgedBanana|talk]]) 11:25, 13 February 2022 (UTC)<br />
:::::::I agree to replace "actor" with "actress" when referring to her personally and if this is the consent, I invite someone to act on the item. My personal belief is that neutralizing the language using terms commonly understood as masculine, called "neutral masculine" in many binary languages, is offensive to women, at least from my point of view. If there is a word in common use in the feminine, I don't see why not to use it, instead of "honoring us" by including ourselves in a term commonly known as masculine.[[User:Sira Aspera|Sira Aspera]] ([[User talk:Sira Aspera|talk]]) 17:24, 14 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
:::::I'm agree with you [[User:Sira Aspera|Sira Aspera]] ([[User talk:Sira Aspera|talk]]) 17:26, 14 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
::::::[[User:MiddleAgedBanana|MiddleAgedBanana]], are you also planning on replacing huMAN with huWOMAN? -- [[User:SteveCrook|SteveCrook]] ([[User talk:SteveCrook|talk]]) 00:04, 15 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
::::::::Luckily, Wikipedia is not edited based on personal beliefs. Just as well, when someone would rather not listen to what the person in question says they want to be described as, out of some sense of faux offense. [[User:Bastun|<span style="font-family:Verdana, sans-serif">Bastun</span>]]<sup>[[User_talk:Bastun|Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ!]]</sup> 10:03, 15 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
::::::::Did you mean to address this question to someone else? My only comment in this thread was about how the wording of the lead section should be consistent with the body of the article. [[User:MiddleAgedBanana|MiddleAgedBanana]] ([[User talk:MiddleAgedBanana|talk]]) 12:52, 16 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
:::::::::Yes. It was really aimed at all the people who want to remove the term actress, even though it's a gender-neutral term -- [[User:SteveCrook|SteveCrook]] ([[User talk:SteveCrook|talk]]) 13:30, 16 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
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== Her name ==<br />
I have just seen, on facebook, a photo of her in 1965 and the text reads<br />
<br />
"British actress Helen Mirren 1965. At rehearsal playing Egyptian queen Cleopatra in the National Youth Theatre at the Old Vic. She was born Ilyena Lydia Vasilievna Mironov in London."<br />
It comes from a site called Historic Photographs. https://www.facebook.com/HistoricPhotographs<br />
<br />
Are we sure we have her name right?<br />
<br />
[[User:BlaiseFEgan|Blaise]] ([[User talk:BlaiseFEgan|talk]]) 08:59, 28 April 2023 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:Our entry is sourced to a ''New Yorker'' article/interview, which is more reliable than a facebook page. [[User:Bastun|<span style="font-family:Verdana, sans-serif">Bastun</span>]]<sup>[[User_talk:Bastun|Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ!]]</sup> 09:24, 28 April 2023 (UTC)<br />
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== Regarding "actor" ==<br />
<br />
The article should say "actress" instead. —'''[[User:TheMainLogan|<span style="color:green;">the</span><span style="color:teal;">Main</span><span style="color:#3366cc;">Logan</span>]]''' ('''[[User talk:TheMainLogan|t]]'''•'''[[Special:Contributions/TheMainLogan|c]]''') 14:47, 15 September 2023 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:Why? Actor is a gender-neutral term. It means "One who acts". It can apply to men & women. -- [[User:SteveCrook|SteveCrook]] ([[User talk:SteveCrook|talk]]) 14:57, 15 September 2023 (UTC)</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Mirren&diff=1175510324Helen Mirren2023-09-15T14:55:37Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1175508894 by TheMainLogan (talk) Neither does actor. it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term</p>
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<div>{{short description|British actor (born 1945)}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Dame]]<br />
| name = Helen Mirren<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}}<br />
| image = Helen Mirren-2208 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Mirren in 2020<br />
| alt = Mirren at the 2020 Berlin International Film Festival<br />
| birth_name = Helen Lydia Mironoff<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1945|7|26}}<br />
| birth_place = London, England<!--No boroughs/neighbourhoods, just cities per format.--><br />
| citizenship = {{hlist|United Kingdom|United States}}<br />
| occupation = Actor<!-- READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR, it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --><br />
| years_active = 1965–present<br />
| works = [[Helen Mirren on screen and stage|Full list]]<br />
| partner = [[Liam Neeson]] (1980–1985)<ref>{{cite web |last=McArdle |first=Tommy |title=Helen Mirren Says She and Ex Liam Neeson 'Loved Each Other' But 'Were Not Meant to Be Together' |url=https://people.com/movies/helen-mirren-says-she-and-ex-liam-neeson-loved-each-other-but-were-not-meant-to-be-together/ |date=22 November 2022 |access-date=28 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Guglielmi |first=Jodi |title=Liam Neeson Recalls First Falling for Former Flame Helen Mirren: 'I Was Smitten' |url=https://people.com/movies/liam-neeson-helen-mirren-talk-past-relationship/ |date=19 January 2018 |access-date=28 January 2023}}</ref><br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Taylor Hackford]]|31 December 1997}}<br />
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Simon Mirren]] (nephew)|[[Tania Mallet]] (cousin)|[[Rio Hackford]] (stepson)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/rio-hackford-dead-mandalorian-1235233527/|title=Rio Hackford, Club Owner and Actor, Dies at 52|first=Pat|last=Saperstein|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=15 April 2022|access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>|[[Mikhail Kamensky]] (great-great-great-great-grandfather)}}<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Full list]]<br />
| website = {{URL|helenmirren.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dame Helen Mirren''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} (born '''Helen Lydia Mironoff'''; 26 July 1945) is a British<!--as per [[MOS:BIO]]; became notable as British and not British-American--> actor.<!--PLEASE READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --> She is the recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|numerous accolades]] and is the only performer to have achieved both [[Triple Crown of Acting|the American]] and [[Triple Crown (UK entertainment)|the British]] Triple Crowns of Acting. Mirren has received an [[Academy Award]] and a [[British Academy Film Award]] for her portrayal of Queen [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'', a [[Tony Award]] and a [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for portraying the same character in ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]'', three [[British Academy Television Awards]] for her performance as DCI Jane Tennison in ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]], and a [[Children's and Family Emmy Award]].<br />
<br />
Mirren's stage performance as [[Cleopatra]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[National Youth Theatre]] in 1965 provided her an opportunity to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]], before making her [[West End theatre|West End]] stage debut in 1975. She subsequently went on to achieve success in film and television, appearing in films such as ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001), and ''[[The Last Station]]'' (2009), receiving Academy Award nominations for each of those performances. For her role on ''Prime Suspect'', which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] (1992, 1993 and 1994)—a record of consecutive wins shared with Dame [[Julie Walters]]—and two [[Primetime Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/helen-mirren |title=Helen Mirren |website=[[Emmy Award]] |access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> She played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 TV series)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), and [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in the film ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006); she is the only actor to have portrayed both of the regnant Elizabeths on screen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Helen Mirren, at 75, remains the queen of acting |url=https://www.dw.com/en/why-helen-mirren-at-75-remains-the-queen-of-acting/a-52429296 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
After her breakthrough role in ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980), Mirren appeared in a variety of other films including ''[[Cal (1984 film)|Cal]]'' (1984), for which she won the [[Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress]], ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover]]'' (1989), ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003), ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]'' (2010), ''[[The Debt (2010 film)|The Debt]]'' (2010), ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'' (2012), ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' (2014), ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'' (2015), ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'' (2015), and ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' (2017). She has also appeared in several action films such as ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'' (2010) and its sequel ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]'' (2013), as well as in the ''[[Fast & Furious]]'' film franchise ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'' (2017), ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]'' (2019), and ''[[F9 (film)|F9]]'' (2021).<br />
<br />
In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref name="Damehood">{{London Gazette|issue=56963|supp=y|page=7 |date=14 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Ceremony">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |title=Dame Helen centre stage at palace |date=5 December 2003 |website=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725070213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |archive-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> <br />
She's received numerous honours including a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013,<ref name="Walk of fame">{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |title=Helen Mirren Gets Hollywood Walk of Fame Star |date=4 January 2013 |website=[[Sky News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116224406/http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement in 2014,<ref name="bafta.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/helen-mirren-fellowship-2014,4076,BA.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren&nbsp;– BAFTA Fellow in 2014 |date=26 January 2014 |website=BAFTA |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> and [[Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award]] in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grater |first1=Tom |title=Helen Mirren To Receive SAG Life Achievement Award |url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/helen-mirren-sag-life-achievement-award-1234876685/ |website=Deadline |date=18 November 2021 |access-date=November 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
<!-- Although it is common to have an 'a' at the end of a woman's patronymic, when Russian families moved to the UK, they often "froze" their surnames and didn't follow the old patronymic rules any more. The same applies to other nationalities like Icelandic and those from Nordic countries. Had she been born in Russia, Helen Mirren likely would have been named Yelena or Ilyena Vasilyeva Mironova. But she was born in the UK and was named Helen Lydia Mironoff --><br />
Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff on 26 July 1945<ref name="biography.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/helen-mirren-547434 |title=Helen Mirren Biography: Actor (1945–) |website=[[Biography.com]] |publisher=[[FYI (TV network)|FYI]]/[[A&E Networks]] |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=ker>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002fa_fact1 |title=Command Performance: The reign of Helen Mirren |last=Lahr |first=John |date=2 October 2006 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=24 October 2010}}</ref> at [[Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital]] in the [[Hammersmith]] district of London,<ref name=birth>{{cite web |url=http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=bmd%2fb%2f1945%2f3%2faz%2f000858%2f014 |title=England & Wales births 1837–2006 Transcription |website=[[Findmypast]] |access-date=6 June 2016 |quote=Her birth was registered in the Hammersmith registration district |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='Whenever I see the Queen, I think, "Oh ... there I am"': The right royal progress of Helen Mirren |first=Neil |last=Norman |date=10 March 2013 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> to an English mother and Russian father.<ref name=nationsmemory>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |title=Helen Mirren |website=Nation's Memorybank |access-date=5 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207044313/http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref> Her mother, Kathleen "Kitty" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (née Rogers; 1908–1996), was a working-class woman from [[West Ham]], the thirteenth of fourteen children born to a butcher whose own father was the butcher to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name=nationsmemory/>{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=34}} Mirren's father, Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913–1980), was a member of an exiled family of the [[Russian nobility]]; he was taken to England when he was two by his father, Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov.<ref name=nationsmemory/> Pyotr Mironov, who owned a family estate near Gzhatsk (now [[Gagarin, Smolensk Oblast|Gagarin]]), was part of the Russian aristocracy. His mother, Mirren's great-grandmother, was Countess Lydia Andreevna Kamenskaya, an aristocrat and a descendant of [[Mikhail Kamensky|Count Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky]], a prominent Russian general in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=ker/><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/news/tn-vsl-xpm-2006-09-28-lap-queen0921-story.html| title=Behind the Scene:God Save The Queen| date=28 September 2006| newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Susan E.| last=James}}</ref> Pyotr Mironov served as a colonel in the [[Imperial Russian Army]] and fought in the 1904 [[Russo-Japanese War]]. He became a diplomat and was negotiating an arms deal in Britain when he and his family were stranded by the [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917.<ref name="NYTJacobs">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212214734/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-date=12 February 2020| url-status=bot: unknown| title=Helen Mirren Plays Catherine II in the Years That Made Her 'the Great'| date=21 October 2019| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Julia| last=Jacobs| url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222071030/http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-date=22 February 2019 |title=Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov Collection: The Russian Government Committee in London (1914–1939) |date=11 September 2009 |website=University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies Library |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> He settled in England and became a London cab driver to support his family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/helen-mirrens-in-the-prime-of-life-7239430.html |title=Helen Mirren's in the prime of life |date=13 July 2017 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Vasily Mironoff also played the viola with the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] before [[World War II]].<ref name=nationsmemory/> He was an ambulance driver during the war, and served in the [[East End of London]] during [[the Blitz]].{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=22}} He and Kathleen Rogers married in Hammersmith in 1938, and at some point before 1951 he anglicised his first name to Basil.<ref name=Gazette/> Shortly after Helen's birth, her father left the orchestra and returned to driving a cab to support the family. He later worked as a driving-test examiner, then became a civil servant with the [[Department for Transport|Ministry of Transport]].<ref name="biography.com"/><ref name=nationsmemory/> In 1951, he changed the family name to Mirren by [[deed poll]].<ref name=Gazette>{{London Gazette |date=12 October 1951 |issue=39356 |page= 5331 |supp=y}}</ref> Mirren considers her upbringing to have been "very anti-monarchist".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |title=Helen Mirren, British Royal Tea? |first=Natalie |last=Finn |date=26 February 2007 |website=[[E! News]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012090005/http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |archive-date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> She was the second of three children; she has an older sister Katherine ("Kate"; born 1942) and had a younger brother Peter Basil (1947–2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/189510/helen-mirren-fondly-remembers-late-costar-alan-rickman |title=Helen Mirren fondly remembers late costar Alan Rickman |last=Nepales |first=Ruben V. |date=7 February 2016 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |location=Manila |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Her paternal cousin was [[Tania Mallet]], a model and [[Bond girl]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47772012 |title=Goldfinger actress dies aged 77 |date=1 April 2019 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Mirren was brought up in [[Leigh-on-Sea]], Essex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Helen Mirren interview |last=Piccalo |first=Gina |date=7 February 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=6 November 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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Mirren attended Hamlet Court primary school in [[Westcliff-on-Sea]], where she had the lead role in a school production of ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]'',{{sfn|Mirren|2011|pp=47–48}}<ref name=autobiography>{{cite book |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |first=Helen |last=Mirren |date=25 March 2008 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |isbn=978-1-41656-760-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/inframemylifeinw0000mirr }}</ref> and [[St Bernard's High School for Girls]] in [[Southend-on-Sea]], where she also acted in school productions. She subsequently attended a teaching college, the [[Middlesex University|New College of Speech and Drama]] in London, "housed within [[Anna Pavlova]]'s old home, Ivy House" on [[North End Road, Golders Green|North End Road]] in [[Golders Green]]. At the age of eighteen, she passed the audition for the [[National Youth Theatre]] (NYT); and at twenty, she played [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra]] in the NYT production of ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Old Vic]], a role which she says "launched my career" and led to her signing with agent [[Albert Parker (director)|Al Parker]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Fame Academy: Where Daniel Craig, Helen Mirren and Colin Firth learned to act |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=22 April 2020 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Waterman |first=Ivan |date=2003 |title=Helen Mirren: The Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Metro Books |pages=[https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 18–22, 26–29] |isbn=1843580535 }}</ref><br />
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==Theatre career==<br />
===Early years===<br />
As a result of her work for the National Youth Theatre, Mirren was invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (RSC). While with the RSC, she played Castiza in [[Trevor Nunn]]'s 1966 staging of ''[[The Revenger's Tragedy]]'', Diana in ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (1967), Cressida in ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'' (1968), Rosalind<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |title=Helen Mirren – Biography |website=[[TalkTalk Group|TalkTalk]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233618/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> in ''[[As You Like It]]'' (1968), Julia in ''[[The Two Gentlemen of Verona]]'' (1970), Tatiana in [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]]'s ''Enemies'' at the [[Aldwych Theatre|Aldwych]] (1971), and the title role in ''[[Miss Julie]]'' at [[The Other Place (theatre)|The Other Place]] (1971). She also appeared in four productions, directed by [[Braham Murray]] for Century Theatre at the University Theatre in Manchester, between 1965 and 1967.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Braham |author-link=Braham Murray |year=2007 |title=The Worst It Can Be Is a Disaster |location=London |publisher=Methuen Drama |isbn=978-0-7136-8490-2}}</ref><br />
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In 1970, the director and producer [[John Goldschmidt]] made a documentary film, ''Doing Her Own Thing'', about Mirren during her time with the Royal Shakespeare Company. Made for [[Associated TeleVision|ATV]], it was shown on the ITV network in the UK. In 1972 and 1973, Mirren worked with [[Peter Brook]]'s International Centre for Theatre Research and joined the group's tour in North Africa and the US, during which they created ''[[The Conference of the Birds]]''. She then rejoined the RSC, playing [[Lady Macbeth]] at [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre|Stratford]] in 1974 and at the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in 1975.<br />
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[[Sally Beauman]] reported, in her 1982 history of the RSC, that Mirren—while appearing in Nunn's ''Macbeth'' (1974), and in a letter to ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper—had sharply criticised both the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and the RSC for their lavish production expenditure, declaring it "unnecessary and destructive to the art of the Theatre", and adding, "The realms of truth, emotion and imagination reached for in acting a great play have become more and more remote, often totally unreachable across an abyss of costume and technicalities..." This started a big debate, and led to a question in parliament. There were no discernible repercussions for this rebuke of the RSC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/jul/23/helen-mirren-at-75-michael-billington |title=Helen Mirren at 75: wild costumes, blazing performances – and a spell as a rock banshee |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |first=Michael |last=Billington |date=23 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beauman |first=Sally |author-link=Sally Beauman |date=1982 |title=The Royal Shakespeare Company: A History of Ten Decades |url=https://archive.org/details/royalshakespeare00sall |url-access=registration |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19212-209-4}}</ref><br />
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===West End and RSC===<br />
At the [[West End theatre|West End]]'s [[Royal Court Theatre]] in September 1975, she played the role of a rock star named Maggie in ''[[Teeth 'n' Smiles (play)|Teeth 'n' Smiles]]'', a musical play by [[David Hare (dramatist)|David Hare]]; she reprised the role the following year in a revival of the play at [[Wyndham's Theatre]] in May 1976.<br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren at Met Opera.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the opening of the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in 2008]]<br />
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Beginning in November 1975, Mirren played in West End repertory with the Lyric Theatre Company as Nina in ''[[The Seagull]]'' and Ella in [[Ben Travers]]'s new farce ''The Bed Before Yesterday'' ("Mirren is stirringly voluptuous as the [[Jean Harlow|Harlowesque]] good-time girl": [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]], ''The Guardian''). At the RSC in Stratford in 1977, and at the Aldwych the following year, she played a steely Queen Margaret in [[Terry Hands]]' production of the three parts of ''[[Henry VI (play)|Henry VI]]'', while 1979 saw her 'bursting with grace', and winning acclaim for her performance as Isabella in [[Peter Gill (playwright)|Peter Gill]]'s production of ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' at [[Riverside Studios]].<br />
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In 1981, she returned to the Royal Court for the London premiere of [[Brian Friel]]'s ''[[Faith Healer]]''. That same year she also won acclaim for her performance in the title role of [[John Webster]]'s ''[[The Duchess of Malfi]]'', a production of Manchester's [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange Theatre]] which was later transferred to [[The Roundhouse]] in [[Chalk Farm]], London. Reviewing her portrayal for ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'', [[Francis King]] wrote: "Miss Mirren never leaves it in doubt that even in her absences, this ardent, beautiful woman is the most important character of the story." In her performance as Moll Cutpurse in ''[[The Roaring Girl]]''—at the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre]] in January 1983, and at the [[Barbican Theatre]] in April 1983—she was described as having "swaggered through the action with radiant singularity of purpose, filling in areas of light and shade that even [[Thomas Middleton]] and [[Thomas Dekker (poet)|Thomas Dekker]] omitted."&nbsp;– [[Michael Coveney]], ''[[Financial Times]]'', April 1983.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Philip |title=Becoming Helen Mirren |date=25 October 2019 |publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=roaring+girl| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of 1989, Mirren co-starred with [[Bob Peck]] at the [[Young Vic]] in the London premiere of the [[Arthur Miller]] double-bill, ''Two Way Mirror'', performances which prompted Miller to remark: "What is so good about English actors is that they are not afraid of the open expression of large emotions. British actors like to speak. In London, there’s a much more open-hearted kind of exchange between stage and audience" (interview by [[Sheridan Morley]]: ''[[The Times]]'' 11 January 1989).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bigsby |first1=Christopher |title=Arthur Miller: 1962–2005 |date=2011 |publisher=Hachette UK}}</ref> In ''[[Elegy for a Lady]]'' she played the svelte proprietress of a classy boutique, while as the blonde hooker in ''[[Some Kind of Love Story]]'' she was "clad in a Freudian slip and shifting easily from waif-like vulnerability to sexual aggression, giving the role a breathy Monroesque quality".<ref>{{cite news |title=The Coutours of Passion| newspaper=The Guardian| location=London| date=25 January 1989| page=46| last=Billington| first=Michael| url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259882155/ |access-date=22 October 2020 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><br />
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On 15 February 2013, at the West End's [[Gielgud Theatre]] she began a turn as [[Elizabeth II]] in the World Premiere of [[Peter Morgan]]'s ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |title=The Audience |website=Hit The Theatre.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232730/http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> The show was directed by [[Stephen Daldry]]. In April she was named best actress at the [[Olivier Awards]] for her role.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |title=Helen Mirren crowned queen of the stage |date=30 April 2013 |website=[[3 News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233730/http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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===Broadway debut===<br />
A further stage breakthrough came in 1994, in an [[Yvonne Arnaud Theatre]] production bound for the West End, when [[Bill Bryden]] cast her as Natalya Petrovna in [[Ivan Turgenev]]'s ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''. Her co-stars were [[John Hurt]] as her aimless lover Rakitin and [[Joseph Fiennes]] in only his second professional stage appearance as the cocksure young tutor Belyaev.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Month in the Country |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=4 March 1994 |newspaper=[[Richmond & Twickenham Times]] |quote=Instead of a bored Natalya fretting the summer away in dull frocks, Mirren, dazzlingly gowned, is a woman almost wilfully allowing her heart's desire for her son's young tutor to rule her head and wreak domestic havoc....Creamy shoulders bared, she feels free to launch into a gloriously enchanted, dreamily comic self-confession of love.}}</ref><br />
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Prior to 2015, Mirren had twice been nominated for Broadway's [[Tony Award]] for Best Actress in a Play: in 1995 for her Broadway debut in ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/26/theater/theater-review-turgenev-s-inquiry-into-calamitous-love.html |title=Theater Review; Turgenev's Inquiry Into Calamitous Love |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=26 April 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019 |quote=Miss Mirren's performance is bigger and more animated than the one she gave last year in an entirely different London production.}}</ref> and then again in 2002 for ''[[The Dance of Death (Strindberg)|The Dance of Death]]'', co-starring with Sir [[Ian McKellen]], their fraught rehearsal period coinciding with the terrorist attacks on New York on 11 September 2001.<ref name=autobiography/><br />
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On 7 June 2015‚ Mirren won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play‚ for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in ''The Audience'' (a performance which also won her the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best Actress). Her Tony Award win made her one of the few actors to achieve the US “[[Triple Crown of Acting#Helen Mirren|Triple Crown of Acting]]”, joining the ranks of acclaimed performers including [[Ingrid Bergman]]‚ Dame [[Maggie Smith]], and [[Al Pacino]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |work=Huffington Post |title=7 reasons to love Helen Mirren on her 70th birthday |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023072002/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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===National Theatre===<br />
In 1998, Mirren played [[Cleopatra]] to [[Alan Rickman]]'s [[Mark Antony|Antony]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]. The production received poor reviews; ''[[The Guardian]]'' called it "plodding spectacle rarely informed by powerful passion", while ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' said "the crucial sexual chemistry on which any great production ultimately depends is fatally absent".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=A case of hype and fall as Rickman and Mirren are put to the sword |last=Lister |first=David |date=23 October 1998 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2000 [[Nicholas Hytner]], who had worked with Mirren on the film version of ''[[The Madness of King George]]'', cast her as Lady Torrance in his revival of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[Orpheus Descending]]'' at the [[Donmar Warehouse]] in London. Michael Billington, reviewing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', described her performance as "an exemplary study of an immigrant woman who has acquired a patina of resilient toughness but who slowly acknowledges her sensuality."<ref>{{cite news |title=Southern discomfort |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/jun/29/artsfeatures4 |date=28 June 2000 |page=46 |access-date=1 March 2022 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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At the National Theatre in November 2003 she again won praise playing Christine Mannon ("defiantly cool, camp and skittish", ''[[Evening Standard]]''; "glows with mature sexual allure", ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'') in a revival of [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]'' directed by [[Howard Davies (Theatre Director)|Howard Davies]]. "This production was one of the best experiences of my professional life, The play was four and a half hours long, and I have never known that kind of response from an audience ... It was the serendipity of a beautifully cast play, with great design and direction, It will be hard to be in anything better."<ref name=autobiography/> She played the title role in [[Jean Racine]]'s ''[[Phèdre]]'' at the National in 2009, in a production directed by [[Nicholas Hytner]]. The production was also staged at the [[Epidaurus#Theatre|Epidaurus amphitheatre]] on 11 and 12 July 2009.<br />
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==Film career==<br />
Mirren has appeared in a large number of films throughout her career. Some of her earlier film appearances include roles in ''[[Herostratus (film)|Herostratus]]'' (1967, Dir. Don Levy), ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)|A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' (1968), ''[[Age of Consent (film)|Age of Consent]]'' (1969), ''[[O Lucky Man!]]'' (1973), ''[[Caligula (film)|Caligula]]'' (1979),<ref name="VF2015" /><ref name="peop_Hele" /> ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980)—co-starring with [[Bob Hoskins]] in what was her breakthrough film role,<ref name="BBC 2014">{{cite news| title=Dame Helen Mirren to receive Bafta fellowship| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-25911227| work=BBC News| date=27 January 2014| access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref> ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981), ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985), ''[[The Mosquito Coast (film)|The Mosquito Coast]]'' (1986), ''[[Pascali's Island (film)|Pascali's Island]]'' (1988) and ''[[When the Whales Came]]'' (1989). She appeared in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Some Mother's Son]]'' (1996), ''[[Painted Lady (mini series)|Painted Lady]]'' (1997) and ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="Mirren roles"/> In [[Peter Greenaway]]'s colorful ''[[The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover]]'', Mirren plays the wife opposite [[Michael Gambon]]. In ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), she plays sadistic history teacher Mrs Eve Tingle.<ref name="Mirren roles">{{cite news |title=All Helen Mirren's 61 movies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/02/all-helen-mirrens-61-movies-ranked |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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In 2007, she claimed that the director [[Michael Winner]] had treated her "like a piece of meat" at a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting call]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=David Cameron keeps his distance from film director Michael Winner |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=3 May 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=30 December 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Asked about the incident, Winner told ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I don't remember asking her to turn around but if I did I wasn't being serious. I was only doing what the [casting] agent asked me&nbsp;– and for this I get reviled! Helen's a lovely person, she's a great actor and I'm a huge fan, but her memory of that moment is a little flawed."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |title=Susan Sarandon, Gwyneth Paltrow, Charlize Theron & More Casting Couch Horror Stories |date=16 November 2012 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020104842/http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |archive-date=20 October 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren continued her successful film career when she starred in ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001) with [[Maggie Smith]] and ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003) with [[Julie Walters]]. Other more recent appearances include ''[[The Clearing (film)|The Clearing]]'' (2004), ''[[Pride (2004 film)|Pride]]'' (2004), ''[[Raising Helen]]'' (2004), and ''[[Shadowboxer]]'' (2005). Mirren also provided the voice for the supercomputer "[[Minor characters from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|Deep Thought]]" in the film adaptation of [[Douglas Adams]]'s ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' (2005). During her career, she has portrayed three British queens in different films and television series: [[Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 TV series)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), and [[Queen Charlotte|Charlotte]] in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994). She is the only actor to have portrayed both Queens Elizabeth on the screen.<ref name="BBC 2014"/><br />
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Mirren's title role of ''The Queen'' earned her numerous acting awards including a [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA]], a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Golden Globe]], and an [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Academy Award]], among many others. During her acceptance speech at the Academy Award ceremony, she praised and thanked Elizabeth II and stated that she had maintained her dignity and weathered many storms during her reign. Mirren later appeared in supporting roles in the films ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]'', ''[[Inkheart (film)|Inkheart]]'', ''[[State of Play (film)|State of Play]]'', and ''[[The Last Station]]'', for which she was nominated for an Oscar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |title=Nominees & Winners for the 82nd Academy Awards |date=24 August 2012 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411210003/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |archive-date=11 April 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2000–2009===<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren at the Orange British Academy Film Awards.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the [[60th British Academy Film Awards]] in 2007, where she won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]]]]<br />
Mirren's first film of the 2000s was [[Joel Hershman]]'s ''[[Greenfingers]]'' (2000), a comedy based on the true story about the prisoners of [[Leyhill Prison|HMP Leyhill]], a minimum-security prison, who won gardening awards.<ref name="Deitz">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/garden/free-to-grow-bluebells-in-england.html |title=Free to Grow Bluebells in England |last=Deitz |first=Paula |date=16 July 1998 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=13 |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren portrayed a devoted plantswoman in the film, who coaches a team of prison gardeners, led by [[Clive Owen]], to victory at a prestigious flower show.<ref name="Ramsey">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/22/movies/film-never-too-tough-to-be-softened-up-by-a-flower.html |title=Film; Never Too Tough to Be Softened Up by a Flower |last=Ramsey |first=Nancy |page=22 |date=22 July 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> The project received lukewarm reviews, which suggested that it added "nothing new to this already saturated genre" of [[Britcom|British feel-good films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greenfingers/ |title=Greenfingers (2000) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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The same year, she began work on the mystery film ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'', [[Sean Penn]]'s third directorial effort, in which she played a child psychologist. A critical success,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1104203-pledge |title=The Pledge (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> the [[ensemble film]] tanked at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/entertainment/1332122.stm |title=US directors laud Cannes audiences |date=15 May 2001 |website=BBC News |access-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> Also that year, she filmed the American-Icelandic satirical drama ''[[No Such Thing (film)|No Such Thing]]'' opposite [[Sarah Polley]]. Directed by [[Hal Hartley]], Mirren portrayed a soulless television producer in the film, who strives for sensationalistic stories. It was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/no_such_thing/ |title=No Such Thing (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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Her biggest critical and commercial success, released in 2001, became [[Robert Altman]]'s all-star ensemble mystery film ''[[Gosford Park]]''. A [[homage (arts)|homage]] to writer [[Agatha Christie]]'s [[whodunit]] style, the story follows a party of wealthy Britons and an American, and their servants, who gather for a shooting weekend at an [[English country house]], resulting in an unexpected murder. It received multiple awards and nominations, including a second [[Academy Award]] nomination and first [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Screen Actors Guild Award]] win for Mirren's portrayal of the sternly devoted head servant Mrs. Wilson.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/gosford-park-big-winner-article-1.485902 |title='Gosford Park' Big Winner |first=Jack |last=Mathews |date=11 March 2002 |newspaper=New York Daily News |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Fred Schepisi]]'s dramedy film ''[[Last Orders (film)|Last Orders]]'' opposite [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]].<ref name="Mirren roles"/><br />
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In 2003, Mirren starred in [[Nigel Cole]]'s comedy ''[[Calendar Girls]]'', inspired by the true story of a group of [[Yorkshire]] women who produced a [[nude calendar]] to raise money for [[Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research|Leukaemia Research]] under the auspices of the [[Women's Institutes]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/12/23/earlyshow/leisure/main590034.shtml |title=Helen Mirren's ''Calendar Girls'' |first=Rome |last=Neal |date=24 December 2003 |website=[[CBS News]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> Mirren initially was reluctant to join the project, dismissing it as another middling British picture,<ref name="mc1">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504225925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo&feature=related| archive-date=2017-05-04|title=2009&nbsp;– Movie Connections&nbsp;– Calendar Girls (2/4) |author=[[Movie Connections]] |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> but rethought her decision upon learning of the casting of co-star [[Julie Walters]].<ref name="mc1"/> The film was generally well received by critics, and grossed $96 million worldwide.<ref name="bom">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=calendargirls.htm |title=Calendar Girls (2003) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, the picture earned [[Satellite Award|Satellite]], [[Golden Globe]], and [[European Film Award]] nominations for Mirren.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0337909/awards |title=Awards for ''Calendar Girls'' |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> Her other film that year was the [[Showtime Networks|Showtime]] television film ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' opposite [[Olivier Martinez]], and [[Anne Bancroft]], based on the 1950 novel of the same title by [[Tennessee Williams]].<br />
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===2010–2014===<br />
In 2010, Mirren appeared in five films. In ''[[Love Ranch]]'', directed by her husband [[Taylor Hackford]], she portrayed [[Joe Conforte|Sally Conforte]], one half of a married couple who opened the first legal [[brothel]] in the US, the [[Mustang Ranch]] in [[Storey County, Nevada]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/04/helen_mirrens_brothel_movie_to.html |title=Helen Mirren's Brothel Movie to Open |last=Brown |first=Lane |date=6 April 2010 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren starred in the principal role of [[Prospero|Prospera]], the duchess of [[Milan]], in [[Julie Taymor]]'s ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]''. This was based on the [[The Tempest|play of the same name]] by [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]; Taymor changed the original character's gender to cast Mirren as her lead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |title=Mirren 'to star in Tempest film' |date=8 October 2008 |website=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111152135/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |archive-date=11 January 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While the actor garnered strong reviews for her portrayal, the film itself was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tempest |title=The Tempest (2010) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren at the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
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Mirren played a gutsy tea-shop owner who tries to save one of her young employees from marrying a teenage killer in [[Rowan Joffé]]'s ''[[Brighton Rock (2010 film)|Brighton Rock]]'', a [[crime film]] loosely based on [[Graham Greene]]'s 1938 [[Brighton Rock (novel)|novel]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |title=Helen Mirren: Interview |first=Ben |last=Walters |date=2 June 2015 |magazine=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128223000/http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |archive-date=28 January 2016}}</ref> The [[film noir]] [[Film premiere|premiered]] at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] in September 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |title=At TIFF: ''Brighton Rock'' Extends the Graham Greene Adaptation Curse |first=Michelle |last=Orange |date=13 September 2010 |website=[[Movieline]] |access-date=27 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916205701/http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |archive-date=16 September 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> where it received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/movies/brighton-rock-film-of-graham-greene-novel-review.html |title=A Meek Rose Amid the Mods and Rockers in an English Resort Town |first=Stephen |last=Holden |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=25 August 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=27 August 2011 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mirren's biggest critical and commercial success of the year was [[Robert Schwentke]]'s ensemble action comedy ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'', based on [[Warren Ellis]]'s graphic novel, in which she portrayed Victoria, an ex-[[MI6]] assassin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |title=Casting Notes: Alan Cumming in Burlesque; Mirren Does Espionage; Dempsey Steals Laughs; Weaver and Shawkat Hit Cedar Rapids |first=Russ |last=Fischer |date=4 November 2009 |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=19 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122185818/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |archive-date=22 January 2010}}</ref> Mirren was initially hesitant to sign on due to film's graphic violence, but changed her mind upon learning of [[Bruce Willis]]'s involvement.<ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |archive-date=10 December 2022 |title=Majestic Mirren |first=Emanuel |last=Levy |date=15 October 2010 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |location=London |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Released to positive reviews, it grossed $186.5 million worldwide.<ref name="mojo" >{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2010.htm |title=RED (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Also in 2010, the actor lent her voice to [[Zack Snyder]]'s computer-animated fantasy film ''[[Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole]]'', voicing [[antagonist]] Nyra, a leader of a group of owls. The film grossed $140.1 million on an $80 million budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=guardiansofgahoole.htm |title=Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=15 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's next film was the comedy film ''[[Arthur (2011 film)|Arthur]]'', a remake of the 1981 [[Arthur (1981 film)|film of the same name]], starring [[Russell Brand]] in the lead role. ''Arthur'' received generally negative reviews from critics, who declared it an "irritating, unnecessary remake".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/arthur_2011/ |title=Arthur (2011) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> In preparation for her role as a retired Israeli [[Mossad]] agent in the film ''[[The Debt (2011 film)|The Debt]]'', Mirren reportedly immersed herself in studies of Hebrew language, Jewish history, and [[Holocaust]] writing, including the life of [[Simon Wiesenthal]], while in Israel in 2009 for the filming of some of the movie's scenes. The film is a remake of a [[The Debt (2007 film)|2007 Israeli film of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/mirren-learning-hebrew-for-movie-role_1096343 |title=Mirren Learning Hebrew For Movie Role |date=27 February 2009 |website=[[ContactMusic.com]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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In 2012, Mirren played [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s wife [[Alma Reville]] in the 2012 biopic ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'', directed by [[Sacha Gervasi]] and based on [[Stephen Rebello]]'s non-fiction book ''[[Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho]]''. The film centres on the pair's relationship during the making of ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'', a controversial [[horror film]] that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker's career. It became a moderate arthouse success and garnered a lukewarm critical response from critics, who felt that it suffered from "tonal inconsistency and a lack of truly insightful retrospection."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/hitchcock |title=Hitchcock (2012) |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> Mirren was universally praised, however, with [[Roger Ebert]] noting that the film depended most on her portrayal, which he found to be "warm and effective".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=20 November 2012 |title=Hitchcock |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=21 November 2012 |archive-date=27 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127172340/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Her other film that year was ''[[The Door (2012 film)|The Door]]'', a claustrophobic drama film directed by [[István Szabó]], based on the Hungarian novel of the same name. Set at the height of [[communist]] rule in 1960s Hungary, the story of the adaptation centres on the abrasive influence that a mysterious housekeeper wields over her employer and successful novelist, played [[Martina Gedeck]]. Mirren found the role "difficult to play" and cited doing it as "one of the hardest things [she has] ever done".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/mirren-steps-through-a-new-door-20120718-22ahn.html |title=Mirren steps through a new door |first=Philippa |last=Hawker |date=19 July 2012 |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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[[File:HelenMirrenHWOFJan2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren receiving a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013]]<br />
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The following year, Mirren replaced [[Bette Midler]] in [[David Mamet]]'s biographical television film ''[[Phil Spector (film)|Phil Spector]]'' about [[Phil Spector|the American musician]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/22/phil-spector-s-jersey-girl-lawyer-meet-the-real-linda-kenney-baden.html |title=Phil Spector's Jersey Girl Lawyer: Meet the Real Linda Kenney Baden |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |date=22 March 2013 |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> The [[HBO]] film focuses on the relationship between Spector and his defence attorney Linda Kenney Baden, played by Mirren, during the first of his two [[Phil Spector#Murder conviction|murder trials for the death in 2003]] of [[Lana Clarkson]] in his California mansion. ''Spector'' received largely mixed to positive reviews from critics, particularly for Mirren and co-star [[Al Pacino]]'s performances, and was nominated for eleven [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, also winning Mirren a [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie|Screen Actors Guild Award]] at the [[20th Screen Actors Guild Awards|20th awards ceremony]]. The film drew criticism both from Clarkson's family and friends, who charged that the suicide defence was given more merit than it deserved, and from Spector's wife, who argued that Spector was portrayed as a "foul-mouthed megalomaniac" and a "minotaur".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2013/03/15/friends_of_lana_clarkson_protest_hbo_film_phil_spector/ |title=Friends of Lana Clarkson protest HBO film "Phil Spector" |last=Gupta |first=Prachi |date=15 March 2013 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref> Also in 2013, Mirren voiced the character of Dean Abigail Hardscrabble in [[Pixar]]'s computer-animated comedy film ''[[Monsters University]]'', which grossed $743 million against its estimated budget of $200 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monstersinc2.htm |title=Monsters University (2013) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=20 December 2013}}</ref> and reprised her role in the sequel film ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]''.<ref name="Mirren">{{cite web |url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |title=Helen Mirren Says She's Ready For 'Red' Sequel: 'Just Get Me The Script' |last=Warner |first=Kara |date=29 March 2011 |website=[[MTV News]] |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515150701/http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |archive-date=15 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The action comedy received a mixed reviews from film critics, who called it a "lackadaisical sequel",<ref name="TheWrap">{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/red-2-review-bruce-willis-sequel-dies-hard-lands-dull-thud-102681 |title='Red 2' Review: Bruce Willis Sequel Dies Hard, Lands With Dull Thud |last=Gilchrist |first=Todd |date=15 July 2013 |website=[[The Wrap]] |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref> but became another commercial success, making over $140 million worldwide.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=Red 2 (2013) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2.htm |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2014 was the comedy-drama ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' opposite the Indian actor [[Om Puri]]. Directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and produced by [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Oprah Winfrey]], the film is based on [[Richard C. Morais]]'s 2010 novel [[The Hundred-Foot Journey|with the same name]] and tells the story of a feud between two adjacent restaurants in a French town. Mirren garnered largely positive reviews for her performance of a snobby restaurateur, a role which she accepted as she was keen to play a French character, reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."<ref name="collider1">{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/helen-mirren-hundred-foot-journey-trumbo-interview/ |title=Helen Mirren Talks 'The Hundred-Foot Journey', Working with Om Puri, What She Looks For in Choosing Projects, 'Trumbo', and More |last1=Roberts |first1=Sheila |date=31 July 2014 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The film earned her another [[Golden Globe]] nomination and became a modest commercial success, grossing $88.9 million worldwide.<ref name=BOM2>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=100foot.htm |title=The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref><br />
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===2015–present===<br />
[[File:The Leisure Seeker 06 (36402080733).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren attending the premiere of ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' at the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
In 2015, Mirren reunited with her former assistant [[Simon Curtis (filmmaker)|Simon Curtis]] on ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'', co-starring [[Ryan Reynolds]].<ref name="collider1"/> The film was based on the true story of Jewish refugee [[Maria Altmann]] who, together with her young lawyer [[E. Randol Schoenberg|Randy Schoenberg]], fought the Austrian government to be reunited with [[Gustav Klimt]]'s painting of her aunt, the famous ''[[Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gustav-klimt-birthday-woman-in-gold_55a52d3de4b0a47ac15d61af |title=Gustav Klimt Painted Much More Than 'The Woman In Gold' |last1=Valentine |first1=Colin |date=14 July 2015 |website=[[HuffPost]] Arts & Culture |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics, although Mirren and Reynold's performances were widely praised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Woman in Gold (2015) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/woman_in_gold/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> A commercial success, ''Woman in Gold'' became one of the highest-grossing specialty films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/the-20-highest-grossing-indies-of-2015-a-running-list-1 |title=The 20 Highest Grossing Indies of 2015 (A Running List) |first=Kate |last=Erbland |date=29 December 2015 |website=Indiewire |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The same year, Mirren appeared in [[Gavin Hood]]'s thriller ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), in which she played as a military intelligence officer who leads a secret [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone]] mission to capture a terrorist group living in [[Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/aaron-paul-helen-mirren-join-colin-firth-in-thriller-eye-in-the-sky/ |title=Aaron Paul, Helen Mirren Join Colin Firth in Thriller 'Eye in the Sky' |last1=Sneider |first1=Jeff |date=16 May 2014 |website=The Wrap |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Jay Roach]]'s biographical drama ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'', co-starring [[Bryan Cranston]] and [[Diane Lane]]. The actor played [[Hedda Hopper]], the famous actor and [[gossip columnist]], in the film, which received generally positive reviews from critics and garnered her a 14th Golden Globe nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/trumbo/ |title=Trumbo (2015) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2016 was ''[[Collateral Beauty]]'', directed by [[David Frankel]]. Co-Starring [[Will Smith]], [[Keira Knightley]], and [[Kate Winslet]], the ensemble drama follows a man who copes with his daughter's death by writing letters to [[time]], [[death]], and [[love]]. The film earned largely negative reviews from critics, who called it "well-meaning but fundamentally flawed."<ref name="reviews">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/will-smith-collateral-beauty-lowest-box-office-opening-rotten-tomatoes-1201873153/ |title=How Critics' "Schoolyard Assault" On 'Collateral Beauty' Turned Ugly For Will Smith Pic |first=Anthony |last= D'Alessandro |date=18 December 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=reviews2>{{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/12/13/collateral-beauty-reviews-roundup/ |title=Collateral Beauty reviews: Will Smith movie slammed by critics |first=Danielle |last=Jackson |date=13 December 2016 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Mirren narrated ''[[Cries from Syria]]'', a [[documentary film]] about the [[Syrian Civil War]], directed by [[Evgeny Afineevsky]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/markets-festivals/hbo-cries-from-syria-1201957096/ |title=HBO Nabs 'Cries From Syria' Documentary Ahead of Sundance |first=Brent |last=Lang |date=10 January 2017 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> Also that year, she made an uncredited [[cameo appearance]] in [[F. Gary Gray]]'s ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'', the eighth instalment in the [[The Fast and the Furious |''Fast & Furious'']] franchise, playing Magdalene, the mother of Owen and [[Deckard Shaw]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1635570/how-helen-mirren-ended-up-in-the-fate-of-the-furious-according-to-vin-diesel |title=How Helen Mirren Ended Up In The Fate Of The Furious, According To Vin Diesel |first=Gregory |last=Wakeman |date=14 March 2017 |website=CinemaBlend |access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> Mirren had a larger role in director [[Paolo Virzì]]'s English-language debut ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'', based on the [[The Leisure Seeker (novel)|2009 novel of the same name]]. On set, she was reunited with [[Donald Sutherland]] with whom she had not worked again since ''[[Bethune: The Making of a Hero]]'' (1990),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/cannes-helen-mirren-and-donald-sutherland-to-topline-paolo-virzis-the-leisure-seeker-exclusive-1201772430/ |title=Cannes: Helen Mirren and Donald Sutherland to Topline Paolo Virzì's 'The Leisure Seeker' |first1=Nick |last1=Vivarelli |first2=Elsa |last2=Keslassy |date=12 May 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> portraying a terminally ill couple who escape from their retirement home and take one last cross-country adventure in a vintage van.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-donald-sutherland-team-up-for-the-leisure-seeker-cannes-1201754273/ |title=Helen Mirren & Donald Sutherland Team For 'The Leisure Seeker' – Cannes |first=Ali |last=Jaafar |date=12 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> At the [[75th Golden Globe Awards|75th awards ceremony]], Mirren received her 15th [[Golden Globe]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List |first=Rebecca |last=Rubin |date=11 December 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref><br />
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In 2018, Mirren portrayed heiress [[Sarah Winchester]] in the supernatural horror film ''[[Winchester (film)|Winchester]]'', directed by [[The Spierig Brothers]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-takes-aim-at-playing-firearm-heiress-in-hot-cannes-package-winchester-1201755962/ |title=Helen Mirren Takes Aim At Playing Firearm Heiress In Hot Cannes Package 'Winchester' |first=Mike Jr. |last=Fleming |date=14 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref> In the same year, she starred as Mother Ginger in Disney's adaptation of ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', titled ''[[The Nutcracker and the Four Realms]]'', directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and [[Joe Johnston]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/helen-mirren-nutcracker-disney-1201844942/ |title=Helen Mirren Joins Disney's 'The Nutcracker' |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=25 August 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> In 2019, she appeared in the ensemble film ''[[Berlin, I Love You]]'', the French crime thriller film ''[[Anna (2019 feature film)|Anna]]'', directed and written by [[Luc Besson]], and co-starred in the ''Fast and the Furious'' spin-off ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]''.<ref name="Oct2017V">{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/luc-besson-anna-helen-mirren-luke-evans-1202584144/ |title=Luc Besson Sets Next Film 'Anna' With Helen Mirren, Luke Evans |first1=Elsa |last1=Keslassy |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |date=9 October 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> In March 2021, she was cast as the villain Hespera in the superhero film ''[[Shazam! Fury of the Gods]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=23 March 2021 |title='Shazam: Fury Of The Gods': Helen Mirren To Play Villain Hespera In Sequel |url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323221810/https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |archive-date=23 March 2021 |access-date=23 March 2021 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref><br />
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Mirren portrayed [[Golda Meir]], prime minister of Israel from 1969 to 1974, in a 2023 [[biopic]] entitled ''[[Golda (film)|Golda]]''. Reviewing the film in ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] wrote that "Mirren makes her terse, decisive, and ferociously alive."<ref>{{cite web |last=Gleiberman |first=Owen |title=Golda' Review: Helen Mirren Channels Golda Meir in a Tense Dramatization of the Yom Kippur War |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/reviews/golda-review-helen-mirren-golda-meir-1973-yom-kippur-war-1235529163/ |website=Variety |date=20 February 2023 |access-date=18 June 2023}}</ref> She also appeared in the 2022 music video for [[Kendrick Lamar]]'s "[[Count Me Out (Kendrick Lamar song)|Count Me Out]]" as a therapist.<ref>{{citation |title=Kendrick Lamar – Count Me Out |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GhhVHpPR_M |access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref><br />
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==Television career==<br />
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===''Prime Suspect''===<br />
Mirren is known for her role as detective Jane Tennison in the widely viewed ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', a multiple award-winning television drama series that was noted for its high quality and popularity. Her portrayal of Tennison won her [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] between 1992 and 1994 (making her one of four actors to have received three consecutive [[BAFTA TV Awards]] for a role, alongside [[Robbie Coltrane]], [[Julie Walters]] and [[Michael Gambon]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/dame-helen-mirren-10-things-202365 |title=Dame Helen Mirren: 10 things you need to know about the Oscar nominated actress |date=18 February 2010 |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |location=London |access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> Primarily due to ''Prime Suspect'', in 2006 Mirren came 29th on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]’s poll of [[TV's 50 Greatest Stars]] voted by the British public.<ref name="Poll">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5142726.stm| title=ITV to salute '50 greatest stars'| date=3 July 2006| work=[[BBC News]]| access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><br />
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===Other roles===<br />
Mirren's other television performances include ''[[Cousin Bette]]'' (1971); ''[[BBC Television Shakespeare|As You Like It]]'' (1979); ''[[Blue Remembered Hills]]'' (1979); ''[[The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' episode "[[Dead Woman's Shoes (The Twilight Zone)|Dead Woman's Shoes]]" (1985); ''[[The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)|The Passion of Ayn Rand]]'' (1999), where her performance won her an [[Emmy]]; ''[[Door to Door (film)|Door to Door]]'' (2002); and ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' (2003). In 1976, she appeared with [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Alan Bates]] and [[Malcolm McDowell]] in a production of [[Harold Pinter]]'s ''[[The Collection (play)|The Collection]]'' as part of the ''[[Laurence Olivier Presents]]'' series. She also played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in 2005, in the television serial ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'', for [[Channel 4]] and [[HBO]], for which she received an [[Emmy Award]] and a [[Golden Globe Award]]. Mirren won another Emmy Award on 16 September 2007 for her role in ''[[Prime Suspect|Prime Suspect: The Final Act]]'' on PBS in the same category as in 2006. Mirren hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' on 9 April 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://watching-tv.ew.com/2011/04/10/saturday-night-live-helen-mirren-foo-fighters/ |title='Saturday Night Live' recap: Helen Mirren transcended a laugh-lite 'SNL' |last=Tucker |first=Ken |date=10 April 2011 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> In 2022, she portrayed Cara Dutton in the ''[[Yellowstone (American TV series)|Yellowstone]]'' spinoff ''[[1923 (TV series)|1923]]'', which also featured [[Harrison Ford]] and [[Timothy Dalton]].<br />
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==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren figure at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|upright|Waxwork of Mirren at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]<br />
Mirren lived with Northern Irish actor [[Liam Neeson]] during the early 1980s; they met while working on ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981). When interviewed by [[James Lipton]] for ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]'', Neeson said Mirren was instrumental in his getting an agent.<br />
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Mirren began dating American director [[Taylor Hackford]] in 1986. They were married on 31 December 1997 at the [[Ardersier]] Parish Church near [[Inverness]] in the [[Scottish Highlands]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Dame Helen Mirren fights sewage plant plan in quiet fishing village where she got married |date=30 May 2016 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 January 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> They met on the set of ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985). It is her first marriage and his third. (He has two children from his previous marriages.) She has no children, and has stated that she has "no maternal instinct whatsoever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/mirren%20i%20have%20no%20maternal%20instinct_1023284 |title=Mirren: 'I Have No Maternal Instinct' |date=26 February 2007 |website=Contactmusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's autobiography, ''In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures'', was published in the UK by [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] in September 2007. Reviewing for ''[[The Stage]]'', John Thaxter wrote: "Sumptuously illustrated, at first sight it looks like another of those photo albums of the stars. But between the pictures there are almost 200 pages of densely printed text, an unusually frank story of her private and professional life, mainly in the theatre, the words clearly Mirren's own, delivered with forthright candour."<ref>{{cite news |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=1 November 2007 |newspaper=The Stage}}</ref><br />
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In 1990, Mirren said in an interview that she was an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sunday Review Pages: Helen Mirren interview |last=Garfield |first=Simon |date=25 November 1990 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |page=27 |quote=Sometimes I feel like a farmer during a war, someone who doesn't know very much about it and carries on digging, hoping for rain. But just the last few days I've had this terrible feeling of... doom. It's a, er, [[Bible|biblical]], kind of [[Old Testament]] feeling. I'm an atheist, but I was suddenly thinking of those stories of the flood and punishment. Because we've become unbelievably greedy and destructive.}}</ref> In the August 2011 issue of ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', she said, "I am quite spiritual. I believed in fairies when I was a child. I still do sort of believe in the [[fairies]]. And the [[leprechauns]]. But I don't believe in God."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/helen-mirren-quotes-0811 |title=Helen Mirren: What I've Learned |last=Fussman |first=Cal |date=7 July 2011 |magazine=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |access-date=8 January 2013}}</ref><br />
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In a 2008 interview with ''[[GQ]]'', Mirren revealed she was [[date rape]]d as a student, and had often taken [[cocaine]] at parties in her twenties and until the 1980s.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/09/01/helen.mirren.rape/index.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren in date-rape revelation |date=1 September 2008 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref><ref name=indie>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Mirren talks of her date-rapes, then provokes furore with views on sex attackers |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |date=1 September 2008 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref> She stopped using it after reading that [[Klaus Barbie]] made a living from cocaine dealing.<ref name=cnn/><ref name=indie/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7591142.stm |title=Dame Helen in cocaine admission |date=1 September 2008 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901101327/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2008 |title='The Queen' actress Dame Helen Mirren reveals former love of cocaine |last=Simpson |first=Aislinn |date=31 August 2008 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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On 11 May 2010, Mirren attended the unveiling of her waxwork at [[Madame Tussauds]] in London. In 2012, she was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]] to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork—The Beatles' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' album cover—to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admired.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited |title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday |first=Caroline |last=Davies |date=2 April 2012 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026 |title=Sir Peter Blake's new Beatles' Sgt Pepper's album cover |date=2 April 2012 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2010, she was named Sexiest Woman Alive by ''Esquire'', and in a 2011 photo shoot for the magazine, she stripped down and covered up with the [[Union Jack]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Helen Mirren shows off her patriotism in Esquire photo shoot |date=15 July 2011 |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/helen-mirren-shows-off-her-patriotism-in-esquire-photo-shoot.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAL-vIbYr3zdTdvehdRUc0lnYjJRXjrH4_m5WPohtumjKkQF5ZjHQLJtDu-wBH128akA-SIGhwuqIxJGGVah71ko93k0SrMjCBGWYNe6o4pAX1bMxdQKNuPUDWP0gRMadkT21jNy7mPWtoRB9gY_JEBadANEeCY_pMxeHk9kSdO2G |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref><br />
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In 2013, Mirren was announced as one of several new models for [[Marks & Spencer]]'s "Womanism" campaign. Subtitled "Britain's leading ladies", the campaign featured Mirren alongside British women from various fields, including pop singer [[Ellie Goulding]], double Olympic gold medal-winning boxer [[Nicola Adams]], and writer [[Monica Ali]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/aug/19/marks-spencer-new-ad-annie-leibowitz |title=Marks & Spencer's new ad: what does it mean? |first=Lauren |last=Cochrane |date=19 August 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In March 2013, ''The Guardian'' listed Mirren as one of the 50 Best-Dressed Over 50.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s |title=The 50 best-dressed over 50s |first=Jess |last=Cartner-Morley |date=29 March 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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She told the ''[[Radio Times]]'', "I'm a [[naturism|naturist]] at heart. I love being on beaches where everyone is naked. Ugly people, beautiful people, old people, whatever. It's so unisexual and so liberating."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-09-19/celebrity-nudists-the-stars-who-like-to-let-it-all-hang-out |title=Celebrity nudists: the stars who like to let it all hang out |date=19 September 2014 |magazine=Radio Times |location=London |access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref> In 2004, she was named Naturist of the Year by [[British Naturism]]. She said: "Many thanks to British Naturism for this great honour. I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!"<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |title=Dame Helen Mirren named 'Naturist of the Year' |date=8 January 2012 |publisher=British Naturism |access-date=26 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004094251/http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |archive-date=4 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
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In 2006, Mirren stated that she was never a member of any [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|political party]].<ref name="independent">{{cite web |title=Helen Mirren: Her crowning achievement |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |work=The Independent |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708131908/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |archive-date=8 July 2022 |date=18 August 2006 |quote="I've never been a member of Labour, or any political party for that matter, but in 1997 I wanted to get rid of the Conservatives; wanted to get rid of that appalling lot." |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirren became a [[U.S. citizen]] in 2017 and voted in her first U.S. election in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/oscar-winner-tahoe-resident-helen-mirren-casts-1st-american-vote |title=Oscar winner, Tahoe resident Helen Mirren casts 1st American vote| date=15 October 2020 |newspaper=Tahoe Daily Tribune |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |newspaper=[[Record-Courier (Nevada)|The Record-Courier]] |location=[[Gardnerville, Nevada]] |title='The Queen' casts her ballot in Minden |date=17 October 2020 |last=Hildebrand |first=Kurt |access-date=18 October 2020 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116061403/https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She supported Patricia Ackerman in her campaign against [[Mark Amodei]] in {{ushr|NV|2}}.<ref name="democrat">{{cite web |last1=Jackson |first1=Hugh |title=Helen Mirren for governor |url=https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |publisher=Nevada Current |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022204617/https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |archive-date=22 October 2020 |date=22 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In April 2021, she took part in the [[music video]] "La Vacinada" (meaning ''the vaccinated woman'' in broken [[Spanish language]]) of Italian comedian and singer [[Checco Zalone]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/checco-zalone-pokes-fun-at-helen-mirrens-age-in-viral-video-9xgd0q99d| title=Checco Zalone pokes fun at Helen Mirren's age in viral video| newspaper=The Times| location=London| date=1 May 2021| access-date=2 May 2021| url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
In the song and video, Zalone jokes about the fact that, in times of [[Covid-19 pandemic]], it is safer to have an [[affair]] with someone who has already been [[vaccinated]] against the [[virus]], and as [[the elderly]] get vaccinated first, an older partner (played by Mirren in the video) is now the best choice.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='The Telegraph' recap: Helen Mirren joins Italy's best known comic in light-hearted sketch to promote Covid-19 vaccine |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=30 April 2021 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph | location=London |access-date=30 April 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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==Acting credits==<br />
{{main|Helen Mirren on screen and stage}}<br />
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==Awards and honours==<br />
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren}}<br />
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Among her major competitive awards, Mirren has won one [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]], four [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA Awards]], three [[Golden Globe Awards]], five [[Emmy Awards]], and one [[Tony Awards|Tony Award]]. Her numerous honorary awards include the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] and Gala Tribute presented by the [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]].<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/45th-chaplin-award-gala-will-honor-helen-mirren/ |title=45th Chaplin Award Gala Will Honor Helen Mirren |website=Film Society of Lincoln Center |date=14 October 2017 |access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref><br />
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In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]] in December.<ref name="Damehood"/><ref name="Ceremony"/> In January 2009, Mirren was named on ''[[The Times]]''' list of the top 10 British actresses of all time. The list included [[Julie Andrews]], [[Helena Bonham Carter]], [[Judi Dench]] and [[Audrey Hepburn]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5502980.ece |title=The best British film actresses of all time |date=12 January 2009 |newspaper=The Times |location=London | first=James | last=Christopher | access-date=27 May 2020 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
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==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Mirren| first=Helen| title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BoEtOA98XQAC| publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]| year=2011| isbn=978-1-4165-7341-8}}<br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[List of British actors]]<br />
* [[List of British Academy Award nominees and winners]]<br />
* [[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]<br />
* [[List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="VF2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/11/helen-mirren-nude-scene |title=Helen Mirren Reveals The One Nude Scene She Didn't Mind Filming |last=Miller |first=Julie |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<ref name="peop_Hele">{{cite web |url=http://www.people.com/article/helen-mirren-talks-nude-scenes |title=Helen Mirren Reveals Her Favorite Nude Scenes Were for Caligula: 'Everyone Was Naked' |last=McNiece |first=Mia |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=People |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
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== Further reading ==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Ward| first=Philip| date=October 25, 2019| title=Becoming Helen Mirren| publisher=Troubador Press| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=becoming+helen+mirren| access-date=March 1, 2022}} A survey of the actor's early career.<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{sister project links|b=no|commons=Category:Helen Mirren|d=Q349391|n=no|q=Helen Mirren|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|545}}<br />
* {{IBDB name|53256}}<br />
* {{Playbill person|helen-mirren-vault-0000099983}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|260}}<br />
* {{NYTtopic|people/m/helen_mirren}}<br />
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{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Awards for Helen Mirren]]<br />
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{{AcademyAwardBestActress 2001-2020}}<br />
{{AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Grownup Love Story}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actress 2000-2019}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{British Academy Television Award for Best Actress 1980-1999}}<br />
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards}}<br />
{{Prix d'interprétation féminine 1980–1999}}<br />
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{DramaDesk PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActress 1976-2000}}<br />
{{European Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{European Film Academy Achievement in World Cinema Award}}<br />
{{Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Lincoln Center Gala Tribute}}<br />
{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureDrama 2001-2020}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressTVMiniseriesFilm}}<br />
{{GoldenOrangeHonoraryAward}}<br />
{{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}}<br />
{{Honorary Golden Bear}}<br />
{{OlivierAward PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress 2001-present}}<br />
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{RTS Programme Award for Best Performance by a Female Actor}}<br />
{{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Motion Picture}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Television Miniseries or Film}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Supporting Actress Series Miniseries or Television Film}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleLeadMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleSupportMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleTVMiniseriesMovie}}<br />
{{Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award}}<br />
{{Stanislavsky Award}}<br />
{{St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{TonyAward PlayLeadActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{TFCA Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Volpi Cup for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
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{{Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
{{British Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirren, Helen}}<br />
[[Category:1945 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses awarded damehoods]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Essex]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Middlesex University]]<br />
[[Category:Audiobook narrators]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award (television) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actress Golden Globe winners]]<br />
[[Category:British naturists]]<br />
[[Category:Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:English atheists]]<br />
[[Category:English film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Russian descent]]<br />
[[Category:English radio actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English Shakespearean actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English expatriates in the United States]]]<br />
[[Category:English stage actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English voice actresses]]<br />
[[Category:European Film Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:Golden Orange Honorary Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Honorary Golden Bear recipients]]<br />
[[Category:Laurence Olivier Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:National Youth Theatre members]]<br />
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Hammersmith]]<br />
[[Category:People from Westcliff-on-Sea]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]]<br />
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Mirren&diff=1175193343Helen Mirren2023-09-13T10:35:19Z<p>SteveCrook: READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR, it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history)</p>
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<div>{{short description|British actor (born 1945)}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Dame]]<br />
| name = Helen Mirren<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}}<br />
| image = Helen Mirren-2208 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Mirren in 2020<br />
| alt = Mirren at the 2020 Berlin International Film Festival<br />
| birth_name = Helen Lydia Mironoff<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1945|7|26}}<br />
| birth_place = London, England<!--No boroughs/neighbourhoods, just cities per format.--><br />
| citizenship = {{hlist|United Kingdom|United States}}<br />
| occupation = Actor<!-- READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR, it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --><br />
| years_active = 1965–present<br />
| works = [[Helen Mirren on screen and stage|Full list]]<br />
| partner = [[Liam Neeson]] (1980–1985)<ref>{{cite web |last=McArdle |first=Tommy |title=Helen Mirren Says She and Ex Liam Neeson 'Loved Each Other' But 'Were Not Meant to Be Together' |url=https://people.com/movies/helen-mirren-says-she-and-ex-liam-neeson-loved-each-other-but-were-not-meant-to-be-together/ |date=22 November 2022 |access-date=28 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Guglielmi |first=Jodi |title=Liam Neeson Recalls First Falling for Former Flame Helen Mirren: 'I Was Smitten' |url=https://people.com/movies/liam-neeson-helen-mirren-talk-past-relationship/ |date=19 January 2018 |access-date=28 January 2023}}</ref><br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Taylor Hackford]]|31 December 1997}}<br />
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Simon Mirren]] (nephew)|[[Tania Mallet]] (cousin)|[[Rio Hackford]] (stepson)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/rio-hackford-dead-mandalorian-1235233527/|title=Rio Hackford, Club Owner and Actor, Dies at 52|first=Pat|last=Saperstein|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=15 April 2022|access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>|[[Mikhail Kamensky]] (great-great-great-great-grandfather)}}<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Full list]]<br />
| website = {{URL|helenmirren.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dame Helen Mirren''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} (born '''Helen Lydia Mironoff'''; 26 July 1945) is a British<!--as per [[MOS:BIO]]; became notable as British and not British-American--> actor.<!--PLEASE READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --> She is the recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|numerous accolades]] and is the only performer to have achieved both [[Triple Crown of Acting|the American]] and [[Triple Crown (UK entertainment)|the British]] Triple Crowns of Acting. Mirren has received an [[Academy Award]] and a [[British Academy Film Award]] for her portrayal of Queen [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'', a [[Tony Award]] and a [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for portraying the same character in ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]'', three [[British Academy Television Awards]] for her performance as DCI Jane Tennison in ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]], and a [[Children's and Family Emmy Award]].<br />
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Mirren's stage performance as [[Cleopatra]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[National Youth Theatre]] in 1965 provided her an opportunity to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]], before making her [[West End theatre|West End]] stage debut in 1975. She subsequently went on to achieve success in film and television, appearing in films such as ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001), and ''[[The Last Station]]'' (2009), receiving Academy Award nominations for each of those performances. For her role on ''Prime Suspect'', which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] (1992, 1993 and 1994)—a record of consecutive wins shared with Dame [[Julie Walters]]—and two [[Primetime Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/helen-mirren |title=Helen Mirren |website=[[Emmy Award]] |access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> She played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 TV series)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), and [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in the film ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006); she is the only actor to have portrayed both of the regnant Elizabeths on screen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Helen Mirren, at 75, remains the queen of acting |url=https://www.dw.com/en/why-helen-mirren-at-75-remains-the-queen-of-acting/a-52429296 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref><br />
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After her breakthrough role in ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980), Mirren appeared in a variety of other films including ''[[Cal (1984 film)|Cal]]'' (1984), for which she won the [[Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress]], ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover]]'' (1989), ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003), ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]'' (2010), ''[[The Debt (2010 film)|The Debt]]'' (2010), ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'' (2012), ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' (2014), ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'' (2015), ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'' (2015), and ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' (2017). She has also appeared in several action films such as ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'' (2010) and its sequel ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]'' (2013), as well as in the ''[[Fast & Furious]]'' film franchise ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'' (2017), ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]'' (2019), and ''[[F9 (film)|F9]]'' (2021).<br />
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In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref name="Damehood">{{London Gazette|issue=56963|supp=y|page=7 |date=14 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Ceremony">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |title=Dame Helen centre stage at palace |date=5 December 2003 |website=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725070213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |archive-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> <br />
She's received numerous honours including a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013,<ref name="Walk of fame">{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |title=Helen Mirren Gets Hollywood Walk of Fame Star |date=4 January 2013 |website=[[Sky News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116224406/http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement in 2014,<ref name="bafta.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/helen-mirren-fellowship-2014,4076,BA.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren&nbsp;– BAFTA Fellow in 2014 |date=26 January 2014 |website=BAFTA |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> and [[Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award]] in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grater |first1=Tom |title=Helen Mirren To Receive SAG Life Achievement Award |url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/helen-mirren-sag-life-achievement-award-1234876685/ |website=Deadline |date=18 November 2021 |access-date=November 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
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==Early life==<br />
<!-- Although it is common to have an 'a' at the end of a woman's patronymic, when Russian families moved to the UK, they often "froze" their surnames and didn't follow the old patronymic rules any more. The same applies to other nationalities like Icelandic and those from Nordic countries. Had she been born in Russia, Helen Mirren likely would have been named Yelena or Ilyena Vasilyeva Mironova. But she was born in the UK and was named Helen Lydia Mironoff --><br />
Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff on 26 July 1945<ref name="biography.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/helen-mirren-547434 |title=Helen Mirren Biography: Actor (1945–) |website=[[Biography.com]] |publisher=[[FYI (TV network)|FYI]]/[[A&E Networks]] |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=ker>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002fa_fact1 |title=Command Performance: The reign of Helen Mirren |last=Lahr |first=John |date=2 October 2006 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=24 October 2010}}</ref> at [[Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital]] in the [[Hammersmith]] district of London,<ref name=birth>{{cite web |url=http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=bmd%2fb%2f1945%2f3%2faz%2f000858%2f014 |title=England & Wales births 1837–2006 Transcription |website=[[Findmypast]] |access-date=6 June 2016 |quote=Her birth was registered in the Hammersmith registration district |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='Whenever I see the Queen, I think, "Oh ... there I am"': The right royal progress of Helen Mirren |first=Neil |last=Norman |date=10 March 2013 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> to an English mother and Russian father.<ref name=nationsmemory>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |title=Helen Mirren |website=Nation's Memorybank |access-date=5 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207044313/http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref> Her mother, Kathleen "Kitty" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (née Rogers; 1908–1996), was a working-class woman from [[West Ham]], the thirteenth of fourteen children born to a butcher whose own father was the butcher to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name=nationsmemory/>{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=34}} Mirren's father, Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913–1980), was a member of an exiled family of the [[Russian nobility]]; he was taken to England when he was two by his father, Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov.<ref name=nationsmemory/> Pyotr Mironov, who owned a family estate near Gzhatsk (now [[Gagarin, Smolensk Oblast|Gagarin]]), was part of the Russian aristocracy. His mother, Mirren's great-grandmother, was Countess Lydia Andreevna Kamenskaya, an aristocrat and a descendant of [[Mikhail Kamensky|Count Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky]], a prominent Russian general in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=ker/><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/news/tn-vsl-xpm-2006-09-28-lap-queen0921-story.html| title=Behind the Scene:God Save The Queen| date=28 September 2006| newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Susan E.| last=James}}</ref> Pyotr Mironov served as a colonel in the [[Imperial Russian Army]] and fought in the 1904 [[Russo-Japanese War]]. He became a diplomat and was negotiating an arms deal in Britain when he and his family were stranded by the [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917.<ref name="NYTJacobs">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212214734/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-date=12 February 2020| url-status=bot: unknown| title=Helen Mirren Plays Catherine II in the Years That Made Her 'the Great'| date=21 October 2019| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Julia| last=Jacobs| url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222071030/http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-date=22 February 2019 |title=Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov Collection: The Russian Government Committee in London (1914–1939) |date=11 September 2009 |website=University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies Library |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> He settled in England and became a London cab driver to support his family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/helen-mirrens-in-the-prime-of-life-7239430.html |title=Helen Mirren's in the prime of life |date=13 July 2017 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Vasily Mironoff also played the viola with the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] before [[World War II]].<ref name=nationsmemory/> He was an ambulance driver during the war, and served in the [[East End of London]] during [[the Blitz]].{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=22}} He and Kathleen Rogers married in Hammersmith in 1938, and at some point before 1951 he anglicised his first name to Basil.<ref name=Gazette/> Shortly after Helen's birth, her father left the orchestra and returned to driving a cab to support the family. He later worked as a driving-test examiner, then became a civil servant with the [[Department for Transport|Ministry of Transport]].<ref name="biography.com"/><ref name=nationsmemory/> In 1951, he changed the family name to Mirren by [[deed poll]].<ref name=Gazette>{{London Gazette |date=12 October 1951 |issue=39356 |page= 5331 |supp=y}}</ref> Mirren considers her upbringing to have been "very anti-monarchist".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |title=Helen Mirren, British Royal Tea? |first=Natalie |last=Finn |date=26 February 2007 |website=[[E! News]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012090005/http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |archive-date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> She was the second of three children; she has an older sister Katherine ("Kate"; born 1942) and had a younger brother Peter Basil (1947–2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/189510/helen-mirren-fondly-remembers-late-costar-alan-rickman |title=Helen Mirren fondly remembers late costar Alan Rickman |last=Nepales |first=Ruben V. |date=7 February 2016 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |location=Manila |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Her paternal cousin was [[Tania Mallet]], a model and [[Bond girl]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47772012 |title=Goldfinger actress dies aged 77 |date=1 April 2019 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Mirren was brought up in [[Leigh-on-Sea]], Essex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Helen Mirren interview |last=Piccalo |first=Gina |date=7 February 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=6 November 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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Mirren attended Hamlet Court primary school in [[Westcliff-on-Sea]], where she had the lead role in a school production of ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]'',{{sfn|Mirren|2011|pp=47–48}}<ref name=autobiography>{{cite book |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |first=Helen |last=Mirren |date=25 March 2008 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |isbn=978-1-41656-760-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/inframemylifeinw0000mirr }}</ref> and [[St Bernard's High School for Girls]] in [[Southend-on-Sea]], where she also acted in school productions. She subsequently attended a teaching college, the [[Middlesex University|New College of Speech and Drama]] in London, "housed within [[Anna Pavlova]]'s old home, Ivy House" on [[North End Road, Golders Green|North End Road]] in [[Golders Green]]. At the age of eighteen, she passed the audition for the [[National Youth Theatre]] (NYT); and at twenty, she played [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra]] in the NYT production of ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Old Vic]], a role which she says "launched my career" and led to her signing with agent [[Albert Parker (director)|Al Parker]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Fame Academy: Where Daniel Craig, Helen Mirren and Colin Firth learned to act |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=22 April 2020 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Waterman |first=Ivan |date=2003 |title=Helen Mirren: The Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Metro Books |pages=[https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 18–22, 26–29] |isbn=1843580535 }}</ref><br />
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==Theatre career==<br />
===Early years===<br />
As a result of her work for the National Youth Theatre, Mirren was invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (RSC). While with the RSC, she played Castiza in [[Trevor Nunn]]'s 1966 staging of ''[[The Revenger's Tragedy]]'', Diana in ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (1967), Cressida in ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'' (1968), Rosalind<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |title=Helen Mirren – Biography |website=[[TalkTalk Group|TalkTalk]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233618/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> in ''[[As You Like It]]'' (1968), Julia in ''[[The Two Gentlemen of Verona]]'' (1970), Tatiana in [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]]'s ''Enemies'' at the [[Aldwych Theatre|Aldwych]] (1971), and the title role in ''[[Miss Julie]]'' at [[The Other Place (theatre)|The Other Place]] (1971). She also appeared in four productions, directed by [[Braham Murray]] for Century Theatre at the University Theatre in Manchester, between 1965 and 1967.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Braham |author-link=Braham Murray |year=2007 |title=The Worst It Can Be Is a Disaster |location=London |publisher=Methuen Drama |isbn=978-0-7136-8490-2}}</ref><br />
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In 1970, the director and producer [[John Goldschmidt]] made a documentary film, ''Doing Her Own Thing'', about Mirren during her time with the Royal Shakespeare Company. Made for [[Associated TeleVision|ATV]], it was shown on the ITV network in the UK. In 1972 and 1973, Mirren worked with [[Peter Brook]]'s International Centre for Theatre Research and joined the group's tour in North Africa and the US, during which they created ''[[The Conference of the Birds]]''. She then rejoined the RSC, playing [[Lady Macbeth]] at [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre|Stratford]] in 1974 and at the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in 1975.<br />
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[[Sally Beauman]] reported, in her 1982 history of the RSC, that Mirren—while appearing in Nunn's ''Macbeth'' (1974), and in a letter to ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper—had sharply criticised both the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and the RSC for their lavish production expenditure, declaring it "unnecessary and destructive to the art of the Theatre", and adding, "The realms of truth, emotion and imagination reached for in acting a great play have become more and more remote, often totally unreachable across an abyss of costume and technicalities..." This started a big debate, and led to a question in parliament. There were no discernible repercussions for this rebuke of the RSC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/jul/23/helen-mirren-at-75-michael-billington |title=Helen Mirren at 75: wild costumes, blazing performances – and a spell as a rock banshee |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |first=Michael |last=Billington |date=23 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beauman |first=Sally |author-link=Sally Beauman |date=1982 |title=The Royal Shakespeare Company: A History of Ten Decades |url=https://archive.org/details/royalshakespeare00sall |url-access=registration |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19212-209-4}}</ref><br />
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===West End and RSC===<br />
At the [[West End theatre|West End]]'s [[Royal Court Theatre]] in September 1975, she played the role of a rock star named Maggie in ''[[Teeth 'n' Smiles (play)|Teeth 'n' Smiles]]'', a musical play by [[David Hare (dramatist)|David Hare]]; she reprised the role the following year in a revival of the play at [[Wyndham's Theatre]] in May 1976.<br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren at Met Opera.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the opening of the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in 2008]]<br />
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Beginning in November 1975, Mirren played in West End repertory with the Lyric Theatre Company as Nina in ''[[The Seagull]]'' and Ella in [[Ben Travers]]'s new farce ''The Bed Before Yesterday'' ("Mirren is stirringly voluptuous as the [[Jean Harlow|Harlowesque]] good-time girl": [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]], ''The Guardian''). At the RSC in Stratford in 1977, and at the Aldwych the following year, she played a steely Queen Margaret in [[Terry Hands]]' production of the three parts of ''[[Henry VI (play)|Henry VI]]'', while 1979 saw her 'bursting with grace', and winning acclaim for her performance as Isabella in [[Peter Gill (playwright)|Peter Gill]]'s production of ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' at [[Riverside Studios]].<br />
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In 1981, she returned to the Royal Court for the London premiere of [[Brian Friel]]'s ''[[Faith Healer]]''. That same year she also won acclaim for her performance in the title role of [[John Webster]]'s ''[[The Duchess of Malfi]]'', a production of Manchester's [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange Theatre]] which was later transferred to [[The Roundhouse]] in [[Chalk Farm]], London. Reviewing her portrayal for ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'', [[Francis King]] wrote: "Miss Mirren never leaves it in doubt that even in her absences, this ardent, beautiful woman is the most important character of the story." In her performance as Moll Cutpurse in ''[[The Roaring Girl]]''—at the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre]] in January 1983, and at the [[Barbican Theatre]] in April 1983—she was described as having "swaggered through the action with radiant singularity of purpose, filling in areas of light and shade that even [[Thomas Middleton]] and [[Thomas Dekker (poet)|Thomas Dekker]] omitted."&nbsp;– [[Michael Coveney]], ''[[Financial Times]]'', April 1983.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Philip |title=Becoming Helen Mirren |date=25 October 2019 |publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=roaring+girl| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of 1989, Mirren co-starred with [[Bob Peck]] at the [[Young Vic]] in the London premiere of the [[Arthur Miller]] double-bill, ''Two Way Mirror'', performances which prompted Miller to remark: "What is so good about English actors is that they are not afraid of the open expression of large emotions. British actors like to speak. In London, there’s a much more open-hearted kind of exchange between stage and audience" (interview by [[Sheridan Morley]]: ''[[The Times]]'' 11 January 1989).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bigsby |first1=Christopher |title=Arthur Miller: 1962–2005 |date=2011 |publisher=Hachette UK}}</ref> In ''[[Elegy for a Lady]]'' she played the svelte proprietress of a classy boutique, while as the blonde hooker in ''[[Some Kind of Love Story]]'' she was "clad in a Freudian slip and shifting easily from waif-like vulnerability to sexual aggression, giving the role a breathy Monroesque quality".<ref>{{cite news |title=The Coutours of Passion| newspaper=The Guardian| location=London| date=25 January 1989| page=46| last=Billington| first=Michael| url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259882155/ |access-date=22 October 2020 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><br />
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On 15 February 2013, at the West End's [[Gielgud Theatre]] she began a turn as [[Elizabeth II]] in the World Premiere of [[Peter Morgan]]'s ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |title=The Audience |website=Hit The Theatre.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232730/http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> The show was directed by [[Stephen Daldry]]. In April she was named best actress at the [[Olivier Awards]] for her role.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |title=Helen Mirren crowned queen of the stage |date=30 April 2013 |website=[[3 News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233730/http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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===Broadway debut===<br />
A further stage breakthrough came in 1994, in an [[Yvonne Arnaud Theatre]] production bound for the West End, when [[Bill Bryden]] cast her as Natalya Petrovna in [[Ivan Turgenev]]'s ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''. Her co-stars were [[John Hurt]] as her aimless lover Rakitin and [[Joseph Fiennes]] in only his second professional stage appearance as the cocksure young tutor Belyaev.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Month in the Country |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=4 March 1994 |newspaper=[[Richmond & Twickenham Times]] |quote=Instead of a bored Natalya fretting the summer away in dull frocks, Mirren, dazzlingly gowned, is a woman almost wilfully allowing her heart's desire for her son's young tutor to rule her head and wreak domestic havoc....Creamy shoulders bared, she feels free to launch into a gloriously enchanted, dreamily comic self-confession of love.}}</ref><br />
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Prior to 2015, Mirren had twice been nominated for Broadway's [[Tony Award]] for Best Actress in a Play: in 1995 for her Broadway debut in ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/26/theater/theater-review-turgenev-s-inquiry-into-calamitous-love.html |title=Theater Review; Turgenev's Inquiry Into Calamitous Love |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=26 April 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019 |quote=Miss Mirren's performance is bigger and more animated than the one she gave last year in an entirely different London production.}}</ref> and then again in 2002 for ''[[The Dance of Death (Strindberg)|The Dance of Death]]'', co-starring with Sir [[Ian McKellen]], their fraught rehearsal period coinciding with the terrorist attacks on New York on 11 September 2001.<ref name=autobiography/><br />
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On 7 June 2015‚ Mirren won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play‚ for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in ''The Audience'' (a performance which also won her the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best Actress). Her Tony Award win made her one of the few actors to achieve the US “[[Triple Crown of Acting#Helen Mirren|Triple Crown of Acting]]”, joining the ranks of acclaimed performers including [[Ingrid Bergman]]‚ Dame [[Maggie Smith]], and [[Al Pacino]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |work=Huffington Post |title=7 reasons to love Helen Mirren on her 70th birthday |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023072002/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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===National Theatre===<br />
In 1998, Mirren played [[Cleopatra]] to [[Alan Rickman]]'s [[Mark Antony|Antony]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]. The production received poor reviews; ''[[The Guardian]]'' called it "plodding spectacle rarely informed by powerful passion", while ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' said "the crucial sexual chemistry on which any great production ultimately depends is fatally absent".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=A case of hype and fall as Rickman and Mirren are put to the sword |last=Lister |first=David |date=23 October 1998 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2000 [[Nicholas Hytner]], who had worked with Mirren on the film version of ''[[The Madness of King George]]'', cast her as Lady Torrance in his revival of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[Orpheus Descending]]'' at the [[Donmar Warehouse]] in London. Michael Billington, reviewing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', described her performance as "an exemplary study of an immigrant woman who has acquired a patina of resilient toughness but who slowly acknowledges her sensuality."<ref>{{cite news |title=Southern discomfort |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/jun/29/artsfeatures4 |date=28 June 2000 |page=46 |access-date=1 March 2022 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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At the National Theatre in November 2003 she again won praise playing Christine Mannon ("defiantly cool, camp and skittish", ''[[Evening Standard]]''; "glows with mature sexual allure", ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'') in a revival of [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]'' directed by [[Howard Davies (Theatre Director)|Howard Davies]]. "This production was one of the best experiences of my professional life, The play was four and a half hours long, and I have never known that kind of response from an audience ... It was the serendipity of a beautifully cast play, with great design and direction, It will be hard to be in anything better."<ref name=autobiography/> She played the title role in [[Jean Racine]]'s ''[[Phèdre]]'' at the National in 2009, in a production directed by [[Nicholas Hytner]]. The production was also staged at the [[Epidaurus#Theatre|Epidaurus amphitheatre]] on 11 and 12 July 2009.<br />
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==Film career==<br />
Mirren has appeared in a large number of films throughout her career. Some of her earlier film appearances include roles in ''[[Herostratus (film)|Herostratus]]'' (1967, Dir. Don Levy), ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)|A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' (1968), ''[[Age of Consent (film)|Age of Consent]]'' (1969), ''[[O Lucky Man!]]'' (1973), ''[[Caligula (film)|Caligula]]'' (1979),<ref name="VF2015" /><ref name="peop_Hele" /> ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980)—co-starring with [[Bob Hoskins]] in what was her breakthrough film role,<ref name="BBC 2014">{{cite news| title=Dame Helen Mirren to receive Bafta fellowship| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-25911227| work=BBC News| date=27 January 2014| access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref> ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981), ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985), ''[[The Mosquito Coast (film)|The Mosquito Coast]]'' (1986), ''[[Pascali's Island (film)|Pascali's Island]]'' (1988) and ''[[When the Whales Came]]'' (1989). She appeared in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Some Mother's Son]]'' (1996), ''[[Painted Lady (mini series)|Painted Lady]]'' (1997) and ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="Mirren roles"/> In [[Peter Greenaway]]'s colorful ''[[The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover]]'', Mirren plays the wife opposite [[Michael Gambon]]. In ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), she plays sadistic history teacher Mrs Eve Tingle.<ref name="Mirren roles">{{cite news |title=All Helen Mirren's 61 movies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/02/all-helen-mirrens-61-movies-ranked |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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In 2007, she claimed that the director [[Michael Winner]] had treated her "like a piece of meat" at a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting call]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=David Cameron keeps his distance from film director Michael Winner |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=3 May 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=30 December 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Asked about the incident, Winner told ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I don't remember asking her to turn around but if I did I wasn't being serious. I was only doing what the [casting] agent asked me&nbsp;– and for this I get reviled! Helen's a lovely person, she's a great actor and I'm a huge fan, but her memory of that moment is a little flawed."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |title=Susan Sarandon, Gwyneth Paltrow, Charlize Theron & More Casting Couch Horror Stories |date=16 November 2012 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020104842/http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |archive-date=20 October 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren continued her successful film career when she starred in ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001) with [[Maggie Smith]] and ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003) with [[Julie Walters]]. Other more recent appearances include ''[[The Clearing (film)|The Clearing]]'' (2004), ''[[Pride (2004 film)|Pride]]'' (2004), ''[[Raising Helen]]'' (2004), and ''[[Shadowboxer]]'' (2005). Mirren also provided the voice for the supercomputer "[[Minor characters from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|Deep Thought]]" in the film adaptation of [[Douglas Adams]]'s ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' (2005). During her career, she has portrayed three British queens in different films and television series: [[Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 TV series)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), and [[Queen Charlotte|Charlotte]] in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994). She is the only actor to have portrayed both Queens Elizabeth on the screen.<ref name="BBC 2014"/><br />
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Mirren's title role of ''The Queen'' earned her numerous acting awards including a [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA]], a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Golden Globe]], and an [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Academy Award]], among many others. During her acceptance speech at the Academy Award ceremony, she praised and thanked Elizabeth II and stated that she had maintained her dignity and weathered many storms during her reign. Mirren later appeared in supporting roles in the films ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]'', ''[[Inkheart (film)|Inkheart]]'', ''[[State of Play (film)|State of Play]]'', and ''[[The Last Station]]'', for which she was nominated for an Oscar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |title=Nominees & Winners for the 82nd Academy Awards |date=24 August 2012 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411210003/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |archive-date=11 April 2010}}</ref><br />
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===2000–2009===<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren at the Orange British Academy Film Awards.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the [[60th British Academy Film Awards]] in 2007, where she won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]]]]<br />
Mirren's first film of the 2000s was [[Joel Hershman]]'s ''[[Greenfingers]]'' (2000), a comedy based on the true story about the prisoners of [[Leyhill Prison|HMP Leyhill]], a minimum-security prison, who won gardening awards.<ref name="Deitz">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/garden/free-to-grow-bluebells-in-england.html |title=Free to Grow Bluebells in England |last=Deitz |first=Paula |date=16 July 1998 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=13 |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren portrayed a devoted plantswoman in the film, who coaches a team of prison gardeners, led by [[Clive Owen]], to victory at a prestigious flower show.<ref name="Ramsey">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/22/movies/film-never-too-tough-to-be-softened-up-by-a-flower.html |title=Film; Never Too Tough to Be Softened Up by a Flower |last=Ramsey |first=Nancy |page=22 |date=22 July 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> The project received lukewarm reviews, which suggested that it added "nothing new to this already saturated genre" of [[Britcom|British feel-good films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greenfingers/ |title=Greenfingers (2000) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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The same year, she began work on the mystery film ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'', [[Sean Penn]]'s third directorial effort, in which she played a child psychologist. A critical success,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1104203-pledge |title=The Pledge (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> the [[ensemble film]] tanked at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/entertainment/1332122.stm |title=US directors laud Cannes audiences |date=15 May 2001 |website=BBC News |access-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> Also that year, she filmed the American-Icelandic satirical drama ''[[No Such Thing (film)|No Such Thing]]'' opposite [[Sarah Polley]]. Directed by [[Hal Hartley]], Mirren portrayed a soulless television producer in the film, who strives for sensationalistic stories. It was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/no_such_thing/ |title=No Such Thing (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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Her biggest critical and commercial success, released in 2001, became [[Robert Altman]]'s all-star ensemble mystery film ''[[Gosford Park]]''. A [[homage (arts)|homage]] to writer [[Agatha Christie]]'s [[whodunit]] style, the story follows a party of wealthy Britons and an American, and their servants, who gather for a shooting weekend at an [[English country house]], resulting in an unexpected murder. It received multiple awards and nominations, including a second [[Academy Award]] nomination and first [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Screen Actors Guild Award]] win for Mirren's portrayal of the sternly devoted head servant Mrs. Wilson.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/gosford-park-big-winner-article-1.485902 |title='Gosford Park' Big Winner |first=Jack |last=Mathews |date=11 March 2002 |newspaper=New York Daily News |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Fred Schepisi]]'s dramedy film ''[[Last Orders (film)|Last Orders]]'' opposite [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]].<ref name="Mirren roles"/><br />
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In 2003, Mirren starred in [[Nigel Cole]]'s comedy ''[[Calendar Girls]]'', inspired by the true story of a group of [[Yorkshire]] women who produced a [[nude calendar]] to raise money for [[Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research|Leukaemia Research]] under the auspices of the [[Women's Institutes]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/12/23/earlyshow/leisure/main590034.shtml |title=Helen Mirren's ''Calendar Girls'' |first=Rome |last=Neal |date=24 December 2003 |website=[[CBS News]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> Mirren initially was reluctant to join the project, dismissing it as another middling British picture,<ref name="mc1">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504225925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo&feature=related| archive-date=2017-05-04|title=2009&nbsp;– Movie Connections&nbsp;– Calendar Girls (2/4) |author=[[Movie Connections]] |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> but rethought her decision upon learning of the casting of co-star [[Julie Walters]].<ref name="mc1"/> The film was generally well received by critics, and grossed $96 million worldwide.<ref name="bom">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=calendargirls.htm |title=Calendar Girls (2003) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, the picture earned [[Satellite Award|Satellite]], [[Golden Globe]], and [[European Film Award]] nominations for Mirren.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0337909/awards |title=Awards for ''Calendar Girls'' |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> Her other film that year was the [[Showtime Networks|Showtime]] television film ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' opposite [[Olivier Martinez]], and [[Anne Bancroft]], based on the 1950 novel of the same title by [[Tennessee Williams]].<br />
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===2010–2014===<br />
In 2010, Mirren appeared in five films. In ''[[Love Ranch]]'', directed by her husband [[Taylor Hackford]], she portrayed [[Joe Conforte|Sally Conforte]], one half of a married couple who opened the first legal [[brothel]] in the US, the [[Mustang Ranch]] in [[Storey County, Nevada]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/04/helen_mirrens_brothel_movie_to.html |title=Helen Mirren's Brothel Movie to Open |last=Brown |first=Lane |date=6 April 2010 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren starred in the principal role of [[Prospero|Prospera]], the duchess of [[Milan]], in [[Julie Taymor]]'s ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]''. This was based on the [[The Tempest|play of the same name]] by [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]; Taymor changed the original character's gender to cast Mirren as her lead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |title=Mirren 'to star in Tempest film' |date=8 October 2008 |website=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111152135/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |archive-date=11 January 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While the actor garnered strong reviews for her portrayal, the film itself was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tempest |title=The Tempest (2010) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren at the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
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Mirren played a gutsy tea-shop owner who tries to save one of her young employees from marrying a teenage killer in [[Rowan Joffé]]'s ''[[Brighton Rock (2010 film)|Brighton Rock]]'', a [[crime film]] loosely based on [[Graham Greene]]'s 1938 [[Brighton Rock (novel)|novel]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |title=Helen Mirren: Interview |first=Ben |last=Walters |date=2 June 2015 |magazine=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128223000/http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |archive-date=28 January 2016}}</ref> The [[film noir]] [[Film premiere|premiered]] at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] in September 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |title=At TIFF: ''Brighton Rock'' Extends the Graham Greene Adaptation Curse |first=Michelle |last=Orange |date=13 September 2010 |website=[[Movieline]] |access-date=27 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916205701/http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |archive-date=16 September 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> where it received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/movies/brighton-rock-film-of-graham-greene-novel-review.html |title=A Meek Rose Amid the Mods and Rockers in an English Resort Town |first=Stephen |last=Holden |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=25 August 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=27 August 2011 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mirren's biggest critical and commercial success of the year was [[Robert Schwentke]]'s ensemble action comedy ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'', based on [[Warren Ellis]]'s graphic novel, in which she portrayed Victoria, an ex-[[MI6]] assassin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |title=Casting Notes: Alan Cumming in Burlesque; Mirren Does Espionage; Dempsey Steals Laughs; Weaver and Shawkat Hit Cedar Rapids |first=Russ |last=Fischer |date=4 November 2009 |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=19 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122185818/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |archive-date=22 January 2010}}</ref> Mirren was initially hesitant to sign on due to film's graphic violence, but changed her mind upon learning of [[Bruce Willis]]'s involvement.<ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |archive-date=10 December 2022 |title=Majestic Mirren |first=Emanuel |last=Levy |date=15 October 2010 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |location=London |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Released to positive reviews, it grossed $186.5 million worldwide.<ref name="mojo" >{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2010.htm |title=RED (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Also in 2010, the actor lent her voice to [[Zack Snyder]]'s computer-animated fantasy film ''[[Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole]]'', voicing [[antagonist]] Nyra, a leader of a group of owls. The film grossed $140.1 million on an $80 million budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=guardiansofgahoole.htm |title=Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=15 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's next film was the comedy film ''[[Arthur (2011 film)|Arthur]]'', a remake of the 1981 [[Arthur (1981 film)|film of the same name]], starring [[Russell Brand]] in the lead role. ''Arthur'' received generally negative reviews from critics, who declared it an "irritating, unnecessary remake".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/arthur_2011/ |title=Arthur (2011) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> In preparation for her role as a retired Israeli [[Mossad]] agent in the film ''[[The Debt (2011 film)|The Debt]]'', Mirren reportedly immersed herself in studies of Hebrew language, Jewish history, and [[Holocaust]] writing, including the life of [[Simon Wiesenthal]], while in Israel in 2009 for the filming of some of the movie's scenes. The film is a remake of a [[The Debt (2007 film)|2007 Israeli film of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/mirren-learning-hebrew-for-movie-role_1096343 |title=Mirren Learning Hebrew For Movie Role |date=27 February 2009 |website=[[ContactMusic.com]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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In 2012, Mirren played [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s wife [[Alma Reville]] in the 2012 biopic ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'', directed by [[Sacha Gervasi]] and based on [[Stephen Rebello]]'s non-fiction book ''[[Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho]]''. The film centres on the pair's relationship during the making of ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'', a controversial [[horror film]] that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker's career. It became a moderate arthouse success and garnered a lukewarm critical response from critics, who felt that it suffered from "tonal inconsistency and a lack of truly insightful retrospection."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/hitchcock |title=Hitchcock (2012) |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> Mirren was universally praised, however, with [[Roger Ebert]] noting that the film depended most on her portrayal, which he found to be "warm and effective".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=20 November 2012 |title=Hitchcock |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=21 November 2012 |archive-date=27 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127172340/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Her other film that year was ''[[The Door (2012 film)|The Door]]'', a claustrophobic drama film directed by [[István Szabó]], based on the Hungarian novel of the same name. Set at the height of [[communist]] rule in 1960s Hungary, the story of the adaptation centres on the abrasive influence that a mysterious housekeeper wields over her employer and successful novelist, played [[Martina Gedeck]]. Mirren found the role "difficult to play" and cited doing it as "one of the hardest things [she has] ever done".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/mirren-steps-through-a-new-door-20120718-22ahn.html |title=Mirren steps through a new door |first=Philippa |last=Hawker |date=19 July 2012 |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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[[File:HelenMirrenHWOFJan2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren receiving a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013]]<br />
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The following year, Mirren replaced [[Bette Midler]] in [[David Mamet]]'s biographical television film ''[[Phil Spector (film)|Phil Spector]]'' about [[Phil Spector|the American musician]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/22/phil-spector-s-jersey-girl-lawyer-meet-the-real-linda-kenney-baden.html |title=Phil Spector's Jersey Girl Lawyer: Meet the Real Linda Kenney Baden |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |date=22 March 2013 |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> The [[HBO]] film focuses on the relationship between Spector and his defence attorney Linda Kenney Baden, played by Mirren, during the first of his two [[Phil Spector#Murder conviction|murder trials for the death in 2003]] of [[Lana Clarkson]] in his California mansion. ''Spector'' received largely mixed to positive reviews from critics, particularly for Mirren and co-star [[Al Pacino]]'s performances, and was nominated for eleven [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, also winning Mirren a [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie|Screen Actors Guild Award]] at the [[20th Screen Actors Guild Awards|20th awards ceremony]]. The film drew criticism both from Clarkson's family and friends, who charged that the suicide defence was given more merit than it deserved, and from Spector's wife, who argued that Spector was portrayed as a "foul-mouthed megalomaniac" and a "minotaur".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2013/03/15/friends_of_lana_clarkson_protest_hbo_film_phil_spector/ |title=Friends of Lana Clarkson protest HBO film "Phil Spector" |last=Gupta |first=Prachi |date=15 March 2013 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref> Also in 2013, Mirren voiced the character of Dean Abigail Hardscrabble in [[Pixar]]'s computer-animated comedy film ''[[Monsters University]]'', which grossed $743 million against its estimated budget of $200 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monstersinc2.htm |title=Monsters University (2013) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=20 December 2013}}</ref> and reprised her role in the sequel film ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]''.<ref name="Mirren">{{cite web |url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |title=Helen Mirren Says She's Ready For 'Red' Sequel: 'Just Get Me The Script' |last=Warner |first=Kara |date=29 March 2011 |website=[[MTV News]] |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515150701/http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |archive-date=15 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The action comedy received a mixed reviews from film critics, who called it a "lackadaisical sequel",<ref name="TheWrap">{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/red-2-review-bruce-willis-sequel-dies-hard-lands-dull-thud-102681 |title='Red 2' Review: Bruce Willis Sequel Dies Hard, Lands With Dull Thud |last=Gilchrist |first=Todd |date=15 July 2013 |website=[[The Wrap]] |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref> but became another commercial success, making over $140 million worldwide.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=Red 2 (2013) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2.htm |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2014 was the comedy-drama ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' opposite the Indian actor [[Om Puri]]. Directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and produced by [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Oprah Winfrey]], the film is based on [[Richard C. Morais]]'s 2010 novel [[The Hundred-Foot Journey|with the same name]] and tells the story of a feud between two adjacent restaurants in a French town. Mirren garnered largely positive reviews for her performance of a snobby restaurateur, a role which she accepted as she was keen to play a French character, reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."<ref name="collider1">{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/helen-mirren-hundred-foot-journey-trumbo-interview/ |title=Helen Mirren Talks 'The Hundred-Foot Journey', Working with Om Puri, What She Looks For in Choosing Projects, 'Trumbo', and More |last1=Roberts |first1=Sheila |date=31 July 2014 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The film earned her another [[Golden Globe]] nomination and became a modest commercial success, grossing $88.9 million worldwide.<ref name=BOM2>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=100foot.htm |title=The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref><br />
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===2015–present===<br />
[[File:The Leisure Seeker 06 (36402080733).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren attending the premiere of ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' at the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
In 2015, Mirren reunited with her former assistant [[Simon Curtis (filmmaker)|Simon Curtis]] on ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'', co-starring [[Ryan Reynolds]].<ref name="collider1"/> The film was based on the true story of Jewish refugee [[Maria Altmann]] who, together with her young lawyer [[E. Randol Schoenberg|Randy Schoenberg]], fought the Austrian government to be reunited with [[Gustav Klimt]]'s painting of her aunt, the famous ''[[Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gustav-klimt-birthday-woman-in-gold_55a52d3de4b0a47ac15d61af |title=Gustav Klimt Painted Much More Than 'The Woman In Gold' |last1=Valentine |first1=Colin |date=14 July 2015 |website=[[HuffPost]] Arts & Culture |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics, although Mirren and Reynold's performances were widely praised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Woman in Gold (2015) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/woman_in_gold/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> A commercial success, ''Woman in Gold'' became one of the highest-grossing specialty films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/the-20-highest-grossing-indies-of-2015-a-running-list-1 |title=The 20 Highest Grossing Indies of 2015 (A Running List) |first=Kate |last=Erbland |date=29 December 2015 |website=Indiewire |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The same year, Mirren appeared in [[Gavin Hood]]'s thriller ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), in which she played as a military intelligence officer who leads a secret [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone]] mission to capture a terrorist group living in [[Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/aaron-paul-helen-mirren-join-colin-firth-in-thriller-eye-in-the-sky/ |title=Aaron Paul, Helen Mirren Join Colin Firth in Thriller 'Eye in the Sky' |last1=Sneider |first1=Jeff |date=16 May 2014 |website=The Wrap |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Jay Roach]]'s biographical drama ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'', co-starring [[Bryan Cranston]] and [[Diane Lane]]. The actor played [[Hedda Hopper]], the famous actor and [[gossip columnist]], in the film, which received generally positive reviews from critics and garnered her a 14th Golden Globe nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/trumbo/ |title=Trumbo (2015) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2016 was ''[[Collateral Beauty]]'', directed by [[David Frankel]]. Co-Starring [[Will Smith]], [[Keira Knightley]], and [[Kate Winslet]], the ensemble drama follows a man who copes with his daughter's death by writing letters to [[time]], [[death]], and [[love]]. The film earned largely negative reviews from critics, who called it "well-meaning but fundamentally flawed."<ref name="reviews">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/will-smith-collateral-beauty-lowest-box-office-opening-rotten-tomatoes-1201873153/ |title=How Critics' "Schoolyard Assault" On 'Collateral Beauty' Turned Ugly For Will Smith Pic |first=Anthony |last= D'Alessandro |date=18 December 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=reviews2>{{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/12/13/collateral-beauty-reviews-roundup/ |title=Collateral Beauty reviews: Will Smith movie slammed by critics |first=Danielle |last=Jackson |date=13 December 2016 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Mirren narrated ''[[Cries from Syria]]'', a [[documentary film]] about the [[Syrian Civil War]], directed by [[Evgeny Afineevsky]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/markets-festivals/hbo-cries-from-syria-1201957096/ |title=HBO Nabs 'Cries From Syria' Documentary Ahead of Sundance |first=Brent |last=Lang |date=10 January 2017 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> Also that year, she made an uncredited [[cameo appearance]] in [[F. Gary Gray]]'s ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'', the eighth instalment in the [[The Fast and the Furious |''Fast & Furious'']] franchise, playing Magdalene, the mother of Owen and [[Deckard Shaw]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1635570/how-helen-mirren-ended-up-in-the-fate-of-the-furious-according-to-vin-diesel |title=How Helen Mirren Ended Up In The Fate Of The Furious, According To Vin Diesel |first=Gregory |last=Wakeman |date=14 March 2017 |website=CinemaBlend |access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> Mirren had a larger role in director [[Paolo Virzì]]'s English-language debut ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'', based on the [[The Leisure Seeker (novel)|2009 novel of the same name]]. On set, she was reunited with [[Donald Sutherland]] with whom she had not worked again since ''[[Bethune: The Making of a Hero]]'' (1990),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/cannes-helen-mirren-and-donald-sutherland-to-topline-paolo-virzis-the-leisure-seeker-exclusive-1201772430/ |title=Cannes: Helen Mirren and Donald Sutherland to Topline Paolo Virzì's 'The Leisure Seeker' |first1=Nick |last1=Vivarelli |first2=Elsa |last2=Keslassy |date=12 May 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> portraying a terminally ill couple who escape from their retirement home and take one last cross-country adventure in a vintage van.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-donald-sutherland-team-up-for-the-leisure-seeker-cannes-1201754273/ |title=Helen Mirren & Donald Sutherland Team For 'The Leisure Seeker' – Cannes |first=Ali |last=Jaafar |date=12 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> At the [[75th Golden Globe Awards|75th awards ceremony]], Mirren received her 15th [[Golden Globe]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List |first=Rebecca |last=Rubin |date=11 December 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref><br />
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In 2018, Mirren portrayed heiress [[Sarah Winchester]] in the supernatural horror film ''[[Winchester (film)|Winchester]]'', directed by [[The Spierig Brothers]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-takes-aim-at-playing-firearm-heiress-in-hot-cannes-package-winchester-1201755962/ |title=Helen Mirren Takes Aim At Playing Firearm Heiress In Hot Cannes Package 'Winchester' |first=Mike Jr. |last=Fleming |date=14 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref> In the same year, she starred as Mother Ginger in Disney's adaptation of ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', titled ''[[The Nutcracker and the Four Realms]]'', directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and [[Joe Johnston]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/helen-mirren-nutcracker-disney-1201844942/ |title=Helen Mirren Joins Disney's 'The Nutcracker' |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=25 August 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> In 2019, she appeared in the ensemble film ''[[Berlin, I Love You]]'', the French crime thriller film ''[[Anna (2019 feature film)|Anna]]'', directed and written by [[Luc Besson]], and co-starred in the ''Fast and the Furious'' spin-off ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]''.<ref name="Oct2017V">{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/luc-besson-anna-helen-mirren-luke-evans-1202584144/ |title=Luc Besson Sets Next Film 'Anna' With Helen Mirren, Luke Evans |first1=Elsa |last1=Keslassy |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |date=9 October 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> In March 2021, she was cast as the villain Hespera in the superhero film ''[[Shazam! Fury of the Gods]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=23 March 2021 |title='Shazam: Fury Of The Gods': Helen Mirren To Play Villain Hespera In Sequel |url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323221810/https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |archive-date=23 March 2021 |access-date=23 March 2021 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref><br />
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Mirren portrayed [[Golda Meir]], prime minister of Israel from 1969 to 1974, in a 2023 [[biopic]] entitled ''[[Golda (film)|Golda]]''. Reviewing the film in ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] wrote that "Mirren makes her terse, decisive, and ferociously alive."<ref>{{cite web |last=Gleiberman |first=Owen |title=Golda' Review: Helen Mirren Channels Golda Meir in a Tense Dramatization of the Yom Kippur War |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/reviews/golda-review-helen-mirren-golda-meir-1973-yom-kippur-war-1235529163/ |website=Variety |date=20 February 2023 |access-date=18 June 2023}}</ref> She also appeared in the 2022 music video for [[Kendrick Lamar]]'s "[[Count Me Out (Kendrick Lamar song)|Count Me Out]]" as a therapist.<ref>{{citation |title=Kendrick Lamar – Count Me Out |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GhhVHpPR_M |access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref><br />
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==Television career==<br />
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===''Prime Suspect''===<br />
Mirren is known for her role as detective Jane Tennison in the widely viewed ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', a multiple award-winning television drama series that was noted for its high quality and popularity. Her portrayal of Tennison won her [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] between 1992 and 1994 (making her one of four actors to have received three consecutive [[BAFTA TV Awards]] for a role, alongside [[Robbie Coltrane]], [[Julie Walters]] and [[Michael Gambon]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/dame-helen-mirren-10-things-202365 |title=Dame Helen Mirren: 10 things you need to know about the Oscar nominated actress |date=18 February 2010 |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |location=London |access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> Primarily due to ''Prime Suspect'', in 2006 Mirren came 29th on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]’s poll of [[TV's 50 Greatest Stars]] voted by the British public.<ref name="Poll">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5142726.stm| title=ITV to salute '50 greatest stars'| date=3 July 2006| work=[[BBC News]]| access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><br />
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===Other roles===<br />
Mirren's other television performances include ''[[Cousin Bette]]'' (1971); ''[[BBC Television Shakespeare|As You Like It]]'' (1979); ''[[Blue Remembered Hills]]'' (1979); ''[[The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' episode "[[Dead Woman's Shoes (The Twilight Zone)|Dead Woman's Shoes]]" (1985); ''[[The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)|The Passion of Ayn Rand]]'' (1999), where her performance won her an [[Emmy]]; ''[[Door to Door (film)|Door to Door]]'' (2002); and ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' (2003). In 1976, she appeared with [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Alan Bates]] and [[Malcolm McDowell]] in a production of [[Harold Pinter]]'s ''[[The Collection (play)|The Collection]]'' as part of the ''[[Laurence Olivier Presents]]'' series. She also played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in 2005, in the television serial ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'', for [[Channel 4]] and [[HBO]], for which she received an [[Emmy Award]] and a [[Golden Globe Award]]. Mirren won another Emmy Award on 16 September 2007 for her role in ''[[Prime Suspect|Prime Suspect: The Final Act]]'' on PBS in the same category as in 2006. Mirren hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' on 9 April 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://watching-tv.ew.com/2011/04/10/saturday-night-live-helen-mirren-foo-fighters/ |title='Saturday Night Live' recap: Helen Mirren transcended a laugh-lite 'SNL' |last=Tucker |first=Ken |date=10 April 2011 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> In 2022, she portrayed Cara Dutton in the ''[[Yellowstone (American TV series)|Yellowstone]]'' spinoff ''[[1923 (TV series)|1923]]'', which also featured [[Harrison Ford]] and [[Timothy Dalton]].<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren figure at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|upright|Waxwork of Mirren at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]<br />
Mirren lived with Northern Irish actor [[Liam Neeson]] during the early 1980s; they met while working on ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981). When interviewed by [[James Lipton]] for ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]'', Neeson said Mirren was instrumental in his getting an agent.<br />
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Mirren began dating American director [[Taylor Hackford]] in 1986. They were married on 31 December 1997 at the [[Ardersier]] Parish Church near [[Inverness]] in the [[Scottish Highlands]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Dame Helen Mirren fights sewage plant plan in quiet fishing village where she got married |date=30 May 2016 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 January 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> They met on the set of ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985). It is her first marriage and his third. (He has two children from his previous marriages.) She has no children, and has stated that she has "no maternal instinct whatsoever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/mirren%20i%20have%20no%20maternal%20instinct_1023284 |title=Mirren: 'I Have No Maternal Instinct' |date=26 February 2007 |website=Contactmusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's autobiography, ''In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures'', was published in the UK by [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] in September 2007. Reviewing for ''[[The Stage]]'', John Thaxter wrote: "Sumptuously illustrated, at first sight it looks like another of those photo albums of the stars. But between the pictures there are almost 200 pages of densely printed text, an unusually frank story of her private and professional life, mainly in the theatre, the words clearly Mirren's own, delivered with forthright candour."<ref>{{cite news |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=1 November 2007 |newspaper=The Stage}}</ref><br />
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In 1990, Mirren said in an interview that she was an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sunday Review Pages: Helen Mirren interview |last=Garfield |first=Simon |date=25 November 1990 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |page=27 |quote=Sometimes I feel like a farmer during a war, someone who doesn't know very much about it and carries on digging, hoping for rain. But just the last few days I've had this terrible feeling of... doom. It's a, er, [[Bible|biblical]], kind of [[Old Testament]] feeling. I'm an atheist, but I was suddenly thinking of those stories of the flood and punishment. Because we've become unbelievably greedy and destructive.}}</ref> In the August 2011 issue of ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', she said, "I am quite spiritual. I believed in fairies when I was a child. I still do sort of believe in the [[fairies]]. And the [[leprechauns]]. But I don't believe in God."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/helen-mirren-quotes-0811 |title=Helen Mirren: What I've Learned |last=Fussman |first=Cal |date=7 July 2011 |magazine=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |access-date=8 January 2013}}</ref><br />
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In a 2008 interview with ''[[GQ]]'', Mirren revealed she was [[date rape]]d as a student, and had often taken [[cocaine]] at parties in her twenties and until the 1980s.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/09/01/helen.mirren.rape/index.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren in date-rape revelation |date=1 September 2008 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref><ref name=indie>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Mirren talks of her date-rapes, then provokes furore with views on sex attackers |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |date=1 September 2008 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref> She stopped using it after reading that [[Klaus Barbie]] made a living from cocaine dealing.<ref name=cnn/><ref name=indie/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7591142.stm |title=Dame Helen in cocaine admission |date=1 September 2008 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901101327/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2008 |title='The Queen' actress Dame Helen Mirren reveals former love of cocaine |last=Simpson |first=Aislinn |date=31 August 2008 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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On 11 May 2010, Mirren attended the unveiling of her waxwork at [[Madame Tussauds]] in London. In 2012, she was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]] to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork—The Beatles' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' album cover—to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admired.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited |title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday |first=Caroline |last=Davies |date=2 April 2012 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026 |title=Sir Peter Blake's new Beatles' Sgt Pepper's album cover |date=2 April 2012 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2010, she was named Sexiest Woman Alive by ''Esquire'', and in a 2011 photo shoot for the magazine, she stripped down and covered up with the [[Union Jack]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Helen Mirren shows off her patriotism in Esquire photo shoot |date=15 July 2011 |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/helen-mirren-shows-off-her-patriotism-in-esquire-photo-shoot.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAL-vIbYr3zdTdvehdRUc0lnYjJRXjrH4_m5WPohtumjKkQF5ZjHQLJtDu-wBH128akA-SIGhwuqIxJGGVah71ko93k0SrMjCBGWYNe6o4pAX1bMxdQKNuPUDWP0gRMadkT21jNy7mPWtoRB9gY_JEBadANEeCY_pMxeHk9kSdO2G |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref><br />
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In 2013, Mirren was announced as one of several new models for [[Marks & Spencer]]'s "Womanism" campaign. Subtitled "Britain's leading ladies", the campaign featured Mirren alongside British women from various fields, including pop singer [[Ellie Goulding]], double Olympic gold medal-winning boxer [[Nicola Adams]], and writer [[Monica Ali]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/aug/19/marks-spencer-new-ad-annie-leibowitz |title=Marks & Spencer's new ad: what does it mean? |first=Lauren |last=Cochrane |date=19 August 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In March 2013, ''The Guardian'' listed Mirren as one of the 50 Best-Dressed Over 50.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s |title=The 50 best-dressed over 50s |first=Jess |last=Cartner-Morley |date=29 March 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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She told the ''[[Radio Times]]'', "I'm a [[naturism|naturist]] at heart. I love being on beaches where everyone is naked. Ugly people, beautiful people, old people, whatever. It's so unisexual and so liberating."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-09-19/celebrity-nudists-the-stars-who-like-to-let-it-all-hang-out |title=Celebrity nudists: the stars who like to let it all hang out |date=19 September 2014 |magazine=Radio Times |location=London |access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref> In 2004, she was named Naturist of the Year by [[British Naturism]]. She said: "Many thanks to British Naturism for this great honour. I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!"<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |title=Dame Helen Mirren named 'Naturist of the Year' |date=8 January 2012 |publisher=British Naturism |access-date=26 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004094251/http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |archive-date=4 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
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In 2006, Mirren stated that she was never a member of any [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|political party]].<ref name="independent">{{cite web |title=Helen Mirren: Her crowning achievement |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |work=The Independent |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708131908/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |archive-date=8 July 2022 |date=18 August 2006 |quote="I've never been a member of Labour, or any political party for that matter, but in 1997 I wanted to get rid of the Conservatives; wanted to get rid of that appalling lot." |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirren became a [[U.S. citizen]] in 2017 and voted in her first U.S. election in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/oscar-winner-tahoe-resident-helen-mirren-casts-1st-american-vote |title=Oscar winner, Tahoe resident Helen Mirren casts 1st American vote| date=15 October 2020 |newspaper=Tahoe Daily Tribune |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |newspaper=[[Record-Courier (Nevada)|The Record-Courier]] |location=[[Gardnerville, Nevada]] |title='The Queen' casts her ballot in Minden |date=17 October 2020 |last=Hildebrand |first=Kurt |access-date=18 October 2020 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116061403/https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She supported Patricia Ackerman in her campaign against [[Mark Amodei]] in {{ushr|NV|2}}.<ref name="democrat">{{cite web |last1=Jackson |first1=Hugh |title=Helen Mirren for governor |url=https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |publisher=Nevada Current |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022204617/https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |archive-date=22 October 2020 |date=22 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In April 2021, she took part in the [[music video]] "La Vacinada" (meaning ''the vaccinated woman'' in broken [[Spanish language]]) of Italian comedian and singer [[Checco Zalone]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/checco-zalone-pokes-fun-at-helen-mirrens-age-in-viral-video-9xgd0q99d| title=Checco Zalone pokes fun at Helen Mirren's age in viral video| newspaper=The Times| location=London| date=1 May 2021| access-date=2 May 2021| url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
In the song and video, Zalone jokes about the fact that, in times of [[Covid-19 pandemic]], it is safer to have an [[affair]] with someone who has already been [[vaccinated]] against the [[virus]], and as [[the elderly]] get vaccinated first, an older partner (played by Mirren in the video) is now the best choice.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='The Telegraph' recap: Helen Mirren joins Italy's best known comic in light-hearted sketch to promote Covid-19 vaccine |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=30 April 2021 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph | location=London |access-date=30 April 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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==Acting credits==<br />
{{main|Helen Mirren on screen and stage}}<br />
<br />
==Awards and honours==<br />
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren}}<br />
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Among her major competitive awards, Mirren has won one [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]], four [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA Awards]], three [[Golden Globe Awards]], five [[Emmy Awards]], and one [[Tony Awards|Tony Award]]. Her numerous honorary awards include the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] and Gala Tribute presented by the [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]].<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/45th-chaplin-award-gala-will-honor-helen-mirren/ |title=45th Chaplin Award Gala Will Honor Helen Mirren |website=Film Society of Lincoln Center |date=14 October 2017 |access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref><br />
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In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]] in December.<ref name="Damehood"/><ref name="Ceremony"/> In January 2009, Mirren was named on ''[[The Times]]''' list of the top 10 British actresses of all time. The list included [[Julie Andrews]], [[Helena Bonham Carter]], [[Judi Dench]] and [[Audrey Hepburn]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5502980.ece |title=The best British film actresses of all time |date=12 January 2009 |newspaper=The Times |location=London | first=James | last=Christopher | access-date=27 May 2020 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
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==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Mirren| first=Helen| title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BoEtOA98XQAC| publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]| year=2011| isbn=978-1-4165-7341-8}}<br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[List of British actors]]<br />
* [[List of British Academy Award nominees and winners]]<br />
* [[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]<br />
* [[List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="VF2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/11/helen-mirren-nude-scene |title=Helen Mirren Reveals The One Nude Scene She Didn't Mind Filming |last=Miller |first=Julie |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<ref name="peop_Hele">{{cite web |url=http://www.people.com/article/helen-mirren-talks-nude-scenes |title=Helen Mirren Reveals Her Favorite Nude Scenes Were for Caligula: 'Everyone Was Naked' |last=McNiece |first=Mia |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=People |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
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== Further reading ==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Ward| first=Philip| date=October 25, 2019| title=Becoming Helen Mirren| publisher=Troubador Press| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=becoming+helen+mirren| access-date=March 1, 2022}} A survey of the actor's early career.<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{sister project links|b=no|commons=Category:Helen Mirren|d=Q349391|n=no|q=Helen Mirren|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|545}}<br />
* {{IBDB name|53256}}<br />
* {{Playbill person|helen-mirren-vault-0000099983}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|260}}<br />
* {{NYTtopic|people/m/helen_mirren}}<br />
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{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Awards for Helen Mirren]]<br />
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{{AcademyAwardBestActress 2001-2020}}<br />
{{AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Grownup Love Story}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actress 2000-2019}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{British Academy Television Award for Best Actress 1980-1999}}<br />
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards}}<br />
{{Prix d'interprétation féminine 1980–1999}}<br />
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{DramaDesk PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActress 1976-2000}}<br />
{{European Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{European Film Academy Achievement in World Cinema Award}}<br />
{{Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Lincoln Center Gala Tribute}}<br />
{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureDrama 2001-2020}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressTVMiniseriesFilm}}<br />
{{GoldenOrangeHonoraryAward}}<br />
{{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}}<br />
{{Honorary Golden Bear}}<br />
{{OlivierAward PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress 2001-present}}<br />
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{RTS Programme Award for Best Performance by a Female Actor}}<br />
{{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Motion Picture}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Television Miniseries or Film}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Supporting Actress Series Miniseries or Television Film}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleLeadMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleSupportMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleTVMiniseriesMovie}}<br />
{{Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award}}<br />
{{Stanislavsky Award}}<br />
{{St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{TonyAward PlayLeadActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{TFCA Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Volpi Cup for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
{{British Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirren, Helen}}<br />
[[Category:1945 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses awarded damehoods]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Essex]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Middlesex University]]<br />
[[Category:Audiobook narrators]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award (television) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actress Golden Globe winners]]<br />
[[Category:British naturists]]<br />
[[Category:Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
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[[Category:English film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Russian descent]]<br />
[[Category:English radio actresses]]<br />
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[[Category:European Film Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
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[[Category:Laurence Olivier Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:National Youth Theatre members]]<br />
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Hammersmith]]<br />
[[Category:People from Westcliff-on-Sea]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]]<br />
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[[Category:Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Mirren&diff=1175192902Helen Mirren2023-09-13T10:30:57Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1175159910 by 73.147.192.220 (talk) READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR, it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|British actor (born 1945)}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Dame]]<br />
| name = Helen Mirren<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}}<br />
| image = Helen Mirren-2208 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Mirren in 2020<br />
| alt = Mirren at the 2020 Berlin International Film Festival<br />
| birth_name = Helen Lydia Mironoff<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1945|7|26}}<br />
| birth_place = London, England<!--No boroughs/neighbourhoods, just cities per format.--><br />
| citizenship = {{hlist|United Kingdom|United States}}<br />
| occupation = Actor<!-- READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR, it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --><br />
| years_active = 1965–present<br />
| works = [[Helen Mirren on screen and stage|Full list]]<br />
| partner = [[Liam Neeson]] (1980–1985)<ref>{{cite web |last=McArdle |first=Tommy |title=Helen Mirren Says She and Ex Liam Neeson 'Loved Each Other' But 'Were Not Meant to Be Together' |url=https://people.com/movies/helen-mirren-says-she-and-ex-liam-neeson-loved-each-other-but-were-not-meant-to-be-together/ |date=22 November 2022 |access-date=28 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Guglielmi |first=Jodi |title=Liam Neeson Recalls First Falling for Former Flame Helen Mirren: 'I Was Smitten' |url=https://people.com/movies/liam-neeson-helen-mirren-talk-past-relationship/ |date=19 January 2018 |access-date=28 January 2023}}</ref><br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Taylor Hackford]]|31 December 1997}}<br />
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Simon Mirren]] (nephew)|[[Tania Mallet]] (cousin)|[[Rio Hackford]] (stepson)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/rio-hackford-dead-mandalorian-1235233527/|title=Rio Hackford, Club Owner and Actor, Dies at 52|first=Pat|last=Saperstein|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=15 April 2022|access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>|[[Mikhail Kamensky]] (great-great-great-great-grandfather)}}<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Full list]]<br />
| website = {{URL|helenmirren.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dame Helen Mirren''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} (born '''Helen Lydia Mironoff'''; 26 July 1945) is a British<!--as per [[MOS:BIO]]; became notable as British and not British-American--> actor.<!--PLEASE READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --> She is the recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|numerous accolades]] and is the only performer to have achieved both [[Triple Crown of Acting|the American]] and [[Triple Crown (UK entertainment)|the British]] Triple Crowns of Acting. Mirren has received an [[Academy Award]] and a [[British Academy Film Award]] for her portrayal of Queen [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'', a [[Tony Award]] and a [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for portraying the same character in ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]'', three [[British Academy Television Awards]] for her performance as DCI Jane Tennison in ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]], and a [[Children's and Family Emmy Award]].<br />
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Mirren's stage performance as [[Cleopatra]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[National Youth Theatre]] in 1965 provided her an opportunity to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]], before making her [[West End theatre|West End]] stage debut in 1975. She subsequently went on to achieve success in film and television, appearing in films such as ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001), and ''[[The Last Station]]'' (2009), receiving Academy Award nominations for each of those performances. For her role on ''Prime Suspect'', which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] (1992, 1993 and 1994)—a record of consecutive wins shared with Dame [[Julie Walters]]—and two [[Primetime Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/helen-mirren |title=Helen Mirren |website=[[Emmy Award]] |access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> She played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 TV series)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), and [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in the film ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006); she is the only actor to have portrayed both of the regnant Elizabeths on screen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Helen Mirren, at 75, remains the queen of acting |url=https://www.dw.com/en/why-helen-mirren-at-75-remains-the-queen-of-acting/a-52429296 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref><br />
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After her breakthrough role in ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980), Mirren appeared in a variety of other films including ''[[Cal (1984 film)|Cal]]'' (1984), for which she won the [[Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress]], ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover]]'' (1989), ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003), ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]'' (2010), ''[[The Debt (2010 film)|The Debt]]'' (2010), ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'' (2012), ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' (2014), ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'' (2015), ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'' (2015), and ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' (2017). She has also appeared in several action films such as ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'' (2010) and its sequel ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]'' (2013), as well as in the ''[[Fast & Furious]]'' film franchise ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'' (2017), ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]'' (2019), and ''[[F9 (film)|F9]]'' (2021).<br />
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In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref name="Damehood">{{London Gazette|issue=56963|supp=y|page=7 |date=14 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Ceremony">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |title=Dame Helen centre stage at palace |date=5 December 2003 |website=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725070213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |archive-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> <br />
She's received numerous honours including a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013,<ref name="Walk of fame">{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |title=Helen Mirren Gets Hollywood Walk of Fame Star |date=4 January 2013 |website=[[Sky News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116224406/http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement in 2014,<ref name="bafta.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/helen-mirren-fellowship-2014,4076,BA.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren&nbsp;– BAFTA Fellow in 2014 |date=26 January 2014 |website=BAFTA |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> and [[Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award]] in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grater |first1=Tom |title=Helen Mirren To Receive SAG Life Achievement Award |url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/helen-mirren-sag-life-achievement-award-1234876685/ |website=Deadline |date=18 November 2021 |access-date=November 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
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==Early life==<br />
<!-- Although it is common to have an 'a' at the end of a woman's patronymic, when Russian families moved to the UK, they often "froze" their surnames and didn't follow the old patronymic rules any more. The same applies to other nationalities like Icelandic and those from Nordic countries. Had she been born in Russia, Helen Mirren likely would have been named Yelena or Ilyena Vasilyeva Mironova. But she was born in the UK and was named Helen Lydia Mironoff --><br />
Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff on 26 July 1945<ref name="biography.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/helen-mirren-547434 |title=Helen Mirren Biography: Actress (1945–) |website=[[Biography.com]] |publisher=[[FYI (TV network)|FYI]]/[[A&E Networks]] |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=ker>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002fa_fact1 |title=Command Performance: The reign of Helen Mirren |last=Lahr |first=John |date=2 October 2006 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=24 October 2010}}</ref> at [[Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital]] in the [[Hammersmith]] district of London,<ref name=birth>{{cite web |url=http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=bmd%2fb%2f1945%2f3%2faz%2f000858%2f014 |title=England & Wales births 1837–2006 Transcription |website=[[Findmypast]] |access-date=6 June 2016 |quote=Her birth was registered in the Hammersmith registration district |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='Whenever I see the Queen, I think, "Oh ... there I am"': The right royal progress of Helen Mirren |first=Neil |last=Norman |date=10 March 2013 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> to an English mother and Russian father.<ref name=nationsmemory>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |title=Helen Mirren |website=Nation's Memorybank |access-date=5 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207044313/http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref> Her mother, Kathleen "Kitty" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (née Rogers; 1908–1996), was a working-class woman from [[West Ham]], the thirteenth of fourteen children born to a butcher whose own father was the butcher to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name=nationsmemory/>{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=34}} Mirren's father, Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913–1980), was a member of an exiled family of the [[Russian nobility]]; he was taken to England when he was two by his father, Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov.<ref name=nationsmemory/> Pyotr Mironov, who owned a family estate near Gzhatsk (now [[Gagarin, Smolensk Oblast|Gagarin]]), was part of the Russian aristocracy. His mother, Mirren's great-grandmother, was Countess Lydia Andreevna Kamenskaya, an aristocrat and a descendant of [[Mikhail Kamensky|Count Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky]], a prominent Russian general in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=ker/><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/news/tn-vsl-xpm-2006-09-28-lap-queen0921-story.html| title=Behind the Scene:God Save The Queen| date=28 September 2006| newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Susan E.| last=James}}</ref> Pyotr Mironov served as a colonel in the [[Imperial Russian Army]] and fought in the 1904 [[Russo-Japanese War]]. He became a diplomat and was negotiating an arms deal in Britain when he and his family were stranded by the [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917.<ref name="NYTJacobs">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212214734/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-date=12 February 2020| url-status=bot: unknown| title=Helen Mirren Plays Catherine II in the Years That Made Her 'the Great'| date=21 October 2019| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Julia| last=Jacobs| url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222071030/http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-date=22 February 2019 |title=Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov Collection: The Russian Government Committee in London (1914–1939) |date=11 September 2009 |website=University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies Library |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> He settled in England and became a London cab driver to support his family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/helen-mirrens-in-the-prime-of-life-7239430.html |title=Helen Mirren's in the prime of life |date=13 July 2017 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Vasily Mironoff also played the viola with the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] before [[World War II]].<ref name=nationsmemory/> He was an ambulance driver during the war, and served in the [[East End of London]] during [[the Blitz]].{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=22}} He and Kathleen Rogers married in Hammersmith in 1938, and at some point before 1951 he anglicised his first name to Basil.<ref name=Gazette/> Shortly after Helen's birth, her father left the orchestra and returned to driving a cab to support the family. He later worked as a driving-test examiner, then became a civil servant with the [[Department for Transport|Ministry of Transport]].<ref name="biography.com"/><ref name=nationsmemory/> In 1951, he changed the family name to Mirren by [[deed poll]].<ref name=Gazette>{{London Gazette |date=12 October 1951 |issue=39356 |page= 5331 |supp=y}}</ref> Mirren considers her upbringing to have been "very anti-monarchist".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |title=Helen Mirren, British Royal Tea? |first=Natalie |last=Finn |date=26 February 2007 |website=[[E! News]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012090005/http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |archive-date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> She was the second of three children; she has an older sister Katherine ("Kate"; born 1942) and had a younger brother Peter Basil (1947–2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/189510/helen-mirren-fondly-remembers-late-costar-alan-rickman |title=Helen Mirren fondly remembers late costar Alan Rickman |last=Nepales |first=Ruben V. |date=7 February 2016 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |location=Manila |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Her paternal cousin was [[Tania Mallet]], a model and [[Bond girl]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47772012 |title=Goldfinger actress dies aged 77 |date=1 April 2019 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Mirren was brought up in [[Leigh-on-Sea]], Essex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Helen Mirren interview |last=Piccalo |first=Gina |date=7 February 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=6 November 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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Mirren attended Hamlet Court primary school in [[Westcliff-on-Sea]], where she had the lead role in a school production of ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]'',{{sfn|Mirren|2011|pp=47–48}}<ref name=autobiography>{{cite book |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |first=Helen |last=Mirren |date=25 March 2008 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |isbn=978-1-41656-760-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/inframemylifeinw0000mirr }}</ref> and [[St Bernard's High School for Girls]] in [[Southend-on-Sea]], where she also acted in school productions. She subsequently attended a teaching college, the [[Middlesex University|New College of Speech and Drama]] in London, "housed within [[Anna Pavlova]]'s old home, Ivy House" on [[North End Road, Golders Green|North End Road]] in [[Golders Green]]. At the age of eighteen, she passed the audition for the [[National Youth Theatre]] (NYT); and at twenty, she played [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra]] in the NYT production of ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Old Vic]], a role which she says "launched my career" and led to her signing with agent [[Albert Parker (director)|Al Parker]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Fame Academy: Where Daniel Craig, Helen Mirren and Colin Firth learned to act |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=22 April 2020 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Waterman |first=Ivan |date=2003 |title=Helen Mirren: The Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Metro Books |pages=[https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 18–22, 26–29] |isbn=1843580535 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Theatre career==<br />
===Early years===<br />
As a result of her work for the National Youth Theatre, Mirren was invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (RSC). While with the RSC, she played Castiza in [[Trevor Nunn]]'s 1966 staging of ''[[The Revenger's Tragedy]]'', Diana in ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (1967), Cressida in ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'' (1968), Rosalind<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |title=Helen Mirren – Biography |website=[[TalkTalk Group|TalkTalk]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233618/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> in ''[[As You Like It]]'' (1968), Julia in ''[[The Two Gentlemen of Verona]]'' (1970), Tatiana in [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]]'s ''Enemies'' at the [[Aldwych Theatre|Aldwych]] (1971), and the title role in ''[[Miss Julie]]'' at [[The Other Place (theatre)|The Other Place]] (1971). She also appeared in four productions, directed by [[Braham Murray]] for Century Theatre at the University Theatre in Manchester, between 1965 and 1967.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Braham |author-link=Braham Murray |year=2007 |title=The Worst It Can Be Is a Disaster |location=London |publisher=Methuen Drama |isbn=978-0-7136-8490-2}}</ref><br />
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In 1970, the director and producer [[John Goldschmidt]] made a documentary film, ''Doing Her Own Thing'', about Mirren during her time with the Royal Shakespeare Company. Made for [[Associated TeleVision|ATV]], it was shown on the ITV network in the UK. In 1972 and 1973, Mirren worked with [[Peter Brook]]'s International Centre for Theatre Research and joined the group's tour in North Africa and the US, during which they created ''[[The Conference of the Birds]]''. She then rejoined the RSC, playing [[Lady Macbeth]] at [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre|Stratford]] in 1974 and at the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in 1975.<br />
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[[Sally Beauman]] reported, in her 1982 history of the RSC, that Mirren—while appearing in Nunn's ''Macbeth'' (1974), and in a letter to ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper—had sharply criticised both the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and the RSC for their lavish production expenditure, declaring it "unnecessary and destructive to the art of the Theatre", and adding, "The realms of truth, emotion and imagination reached for in acting a great play have become more and more remote, often totally unreachable across an abyss of costume and technicalities..." This started a big debate, and led to a question in parliament. There were no discernible repercussions for this rebuke of the RSC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/jul/23/helen-mirren-at-75-michael-billington |title=Helen Mirren at 75: wild costumes, blazing performances – and a spell as a rock banshee |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |first=Michael |last=Billington |date=23 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beauman |first=Sally |author-link=Sally Beauman |date=1982 |title=The Royal Shakespeare Company: A History of Ten Decades |url=https://archive.org/details/royalshakespeare00sall |url-access=registration |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19212-209-4}}</ref><br />
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===West End and RSC===<br />
At the [[West End theatre|West End]]'s [[Royal Court Theatre]] in September 1975, she played the role of a rock star named Maggie in ''[[Teeth 'n' Smiles (play)|Teeth 'n' Smiles]]'', a musical play by [[David Hare (dramatist)|David Hare]]; she reprised the role the following year in a revival of the play at [[Wyndham's Theatre]] in May 1976.<br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren at Met Opera.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the opening of the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in 2008]]<br />
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Beginning in November 1975, Mirren played in West End repertory with the Lyric Theatre Company as Nina in ''[[The Seagull]]'' and Ella in [[Ben Travers]]'s new farce ''The Bed Before Yesterday'' ("Mirren is stirringly voluptuous as the [[Jean Harlow|Harlowesque]] good-time girl": [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]], ''The Guardian''). At the RSC in Stratford in 1977, and at the Aldwych the following year, she played a steely Queen Margaret in [[Terry Hands]]' production of the three parts of ''[[Henry VI (play)|Henry VI]]'', while 1979 saw her 'bursting with grace', and winning acclaim for her performance as Isabella in [[Peter Gill (playwright)|Peter Gill]]'s production of ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' at [[Riverside Studios]].<br />
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In 1981, she returned to the Royal Court for the London premiere of [[Brian Friel]]'s ''[[Faith Healer]]''. That same year she also won acclaim for her performance in the title role of [[John Webster]]'s ''[[The Duchess of Malfi]]'', a production of Manchester's [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange Theatre]] which was later transferred to [[The Roundhouse]] in [[Chalk Farm]], London. Reviewing her portrayal for ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'', [[Francis King]] wrote: "Miss Mirren never leaves it in doubt that even in her absences, this ardent, beautiful woman is the most important character of the story." In her performance as Moll Cutpurse in ''[[The Roaring Girl]]''—at the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre]] in January 1983, and at the [[Barbican Theatre]] in April 1983—she was described as having "swaggered through the action with radiant singularity of purpose, filling in areas of light and shade that even [[Thomas Middleton]] and [[Thomas Dekker (poet)|Thomas Dekker]] omitted."&nbsp;– [[Michael Coveney]], ''[[Financial Times]]'', April 1983.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Philip |title=Becoming Helen Mirren |date=25 October 2019 |publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=roaring+girl| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of 1989, Mirren co-starred with [[Bob Peck]] at the [[Young Vic]] in the London premiere of the [[Arthur Miller]] double-bill, ''Two Way Mirror'', performances which prompted Miller to remark: "What is so good about English actors is that they are not afraid of the open expression of large emotions. British actors like to speak. In London, there’s a much more open-hearted kind of exchange between stage and audience" (interview by [[Sheridan Morley]]: ''[[The Times]]'' 11 January 1989).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bigsby |first1=Christopher |title=Arthur Miller: 1962–2005 |date=2011 |publisher=Hachette UK}}</ref> In ''[[Elegy for a Lady]]'' she played the svelte proprietress of a classy boutique, while as the blonde hooker in ''[[Some Kind of Love Story]]'' she was "clad in a Freudian slip and shifting easily from waif-like vulnerability to sexual aggression, giving the role a breathy Monroesque quality".<ref>{{cite news |title=The Coutours of Passion| newspaper=The Guardian| location=London| date=25 January 1989| page=46| last=Billington| first=Michael| url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259882155/ |access-date=22 October 2020 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><br />
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On 15 February 2013, at the West End's [[Gielgud Theatre]] she began a turn as [[Elizabeth II]] in the World Premiere of [[Peter Morgan]]'s ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |title=The Audience |website=Hit The Theatre.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232730/http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> The show was directed by [[Stephen Daldry]]. In April she was named best actress at the [[Olivier Awards]] for her role.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |title=Helen Mirren crowned queen of the stage |date=30 April 2013 |website=[[3 News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233730/http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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===Broadway debut===<br />
A further stage breakthrough came in 1994, in an [[Yvonne Arnaud Theatre]] production bound for the West End, when [[Bill Bryden]] cast her as Natalya Petrovna in [[Ivan Turgenev]]'s ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''. Her co-stars were [[John Hurt]] as her aimless lover Rakitin and [[Joseph Fiennes]] in only his second professional stage appearance as the cocksure young tutor Belyaev.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Month in the Country |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=4 March 1994 |newspaper=[[Richmond & Twickenham Times]] |quote=Instead of a bored Natalya fretting the summer away in dull frocks, Mirren, dazzlingly gowned, is a woman almost wilfully allowing her heart's desire for her son's young tutor to rule her head and wreak domestic havoc....Creamy shoulders bared, she feels free to launch into a gloriously enchanted, dreamily comic self-confession of love.}}</ref><br />
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Prior to 2015, Mirren had twice been nominated for Broadway's [[Tony Award]] for Best Actress in a Play: in 1995 for her Broadway debut in ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/26/theater/theater-review-turgenev-s-inquiry-into-calamitous-love.html |title=Theater Review; Turgenev's Inquiry Into Calamitous Love |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=26 April 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019 |quote=Miss Mirren's performance is bigger and more animated than the one she gave last year in an entirely different London production.}}</ref> and then again in 2002 for ''[[The Dance of Death (Strindberg)|The Dance of Death]]'', co-starring with Sir [[Ian McKellen]], their fraught rehearsal period coinciding with the terrorist attacks on New York on 11 September 2001.<ref name=autobiography/><br />
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On 7 June 2015‚ Mirren won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play‚ for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in ''The Audience'' (a performance which also won her the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best Actress). Her Tony Award win made her one of the few actors to achieve the US “[[Triple Crown of Acting#Helen Mirren|Triple Crown of Acting]]”, joining the ranks of acclaimed performers including [[Ingrid Bergman]]‚ Dame [[Maggie Smith]], and [[Al Pacino]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |work=Huffington Post |title=7 reasons to love Helen Mirren on her 70th birthday |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023072002/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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===National Theatre===<br />
In 1998, Mirren played [[Cleopatra]] to [[Alan Rickman]]'s [[Mark Antony|Antony]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]. The production received poor reviews; ''[[The Guardian]]'' called it "plodding spectacle rarely informed by powerful passion", while ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' said "the crucial sexual chemistry on which any great production ultimately depends is fatally absent".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=A case of hype and fall as Rickman and Mirren are put to the sword |last=Lister |first=David |date=23 October 1998 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2000 [[Nicholas Hytner]], who had worked with Mirren on the film version of ''[[The Madness of King George]]'', cast her as Lady Torrance in his revival of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[Orpheus Descending]]'' at the [[Donmar Warehouse]] in London. Michael Billington, reviewing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', described her performance as "an exemplary study of an immigrant woman who has acquired a patina of resilient toughness but who slowly acknowledges her sensuality."<ref>{{cite news |title=Southern discomfort |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/jun/29/artsfeatures4 |date=28 June 2000 |page=46 |access-date=1 March 2022 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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At the National Theatre in November 2003 she again won praise playing Christine Mannon ("defiantly cool, camp and skittish", ''[[Evening Standard]]''; "glows with mature sexual allure", ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'') in a revival of [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]'' directed by [[Howard Davies (Theatre Director)|Howard Davies]]. "This production was one of the best experiences of my professional life, The play was four and a half hours long, and I have never known that kind of response from an audience ... It was the serendipity of a beautifully cast play, with great design and direction, It will be hard to be in anything better."<ref name=autobiography/> She played the title role in [[Jean Racine]]'s ''[[Phèdre]]'' at the National in 2009, in a production directed by [[Nicholas Hytner]]. The production was also staged at the [[Epidaurus#Theatre|Epidaurus amphitheatre]] on 11 and 12 July 2009.<br />
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==Film career==<br />
Mirren has appeared in a large number of films throughout her career. Some of her earlier film appearances include roles in ''[[Herostratus (film)|Herostratus]]'' (1967, Dir. Don Levy), ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)|A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' (1968), ''[[Age of Consent (film)|Age of Consent]]'' (1969), ''[[O Lucky Man!]]'' (1973), ''[[Caligula (film)|Caligula]]'' (1979),<ref name="VF2015" /><ref name="peop_Hele" /> ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980)—co-starring with [[Bob Hoskins]] in what was her breakthrough film role,<ref name="BBC 2014">{{cite news| title=Dame Helen Mirren to receive Bafta fellowship| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-25911227| work=BBC News| date=27 January 2014| access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref> ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981), ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985), ''[[The Mosquito Coast (film)|The Mosquito Coast]]'' (1986), ''[[Pascali's Island (film)|Pascali's Island]]'' (1988) and ''[[When the Whales Came]]'' (1989). She appeared in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Some Mother's Son]]'' (1996), ''[[Painted Lady (mini series)|Painted Lady]]'' (1997) and ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="Mirren roles"/> In [[Peter Greenaway]]'s colorful ''[[The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover]]'', Mirren plays the wife opposite [[Michael Gambon]]. In ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), she plays sadistic history teacher Mrs Eve Tingle.<ref name="Mirren roles">{{cite news |title=All Helen Mirren's 61 movies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/02/all-helen-mirrens-61-movies-ranked |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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In 2007, she claimed that the director [[Michael Winner]] had treated her "like a piece of meat" at a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting call]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=David Cameron keeps his distance from film director Michael Winner |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=3 May 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=30 December 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Asked about the incident, Winner told ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I don't remember asking her to turn around but if I did I wasn't being serious. I was only doing what the [casting] agent asked me&nbsp;– and for this I get reviled! Helen's a lovely person, she's a great actress and I'm a huge fan, but her memory of that moment is a little flawed."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |title=Susan Sarandon, Gwyneth Paltrow, Charlize Theron & More Casting Couch Horror Stories |date=16 November 2012 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020104842/http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |archive-date=20 October 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren continued her successful film career when she starred in ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001) with [[Maggie Smith]] and ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003) with [[Julie Walters]]. Other more recent appearances include ''[[The Clearing (film)|The Clearing]]'' (2004), ''[[Pride (2004 film)|Pride]]'' (2004), ''[[Raising Helen]]'' (2004), and ''[[Shadowboxer]]'' (2005). Mirren also provided the voice for the supercomputer "[[Minor characters from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|Deep Thought]]" in the film adaptation of [[Douglas Adams]]'s ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' (2005). During her career, she has portrayed three British queens in different films and television series: [[Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 TV series)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), and [[Queen Charlotte|Charlotte]] in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994). She is the only actor to have portrayed both Queens Elizabeth on the screen.<ref name="BBC 2014"/><br />
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Mirren's title role of ''The Queen'' earned her numerous acting awards including a [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA]], a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Golden Globe]], and an [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Academy Award]], among many others. During her acceptance speech at the Academy Award ceremony, she praised and thanked Elizabeth II and stated that she had maintained her dignity and weathered many storms during her reign. Mirren later appeared in supporting roles in the films ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]'', ''[[Inkheart (film)|Inkheart]]'', ''[[State of Play (film)|State of Play]]'', and ''[[The Last Station]]'', for which she was nominated for an Oscar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |title=Nominees & Winners for the 82nd Academy Awards |date=24 August 2012 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411210003/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |archive-date=11 April 2010}}</ref><br />
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===2000–2009===<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren at the Orange British Academy Film Awards.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the [[60th British Academy Film Awards]] in 2007, where she won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]]]]<br />
Mirren's first film of the 2000s was [[Joel Hershman]]'s ''[[Greenfingers]]'' (2000), a comedy based on the true story about the prisoners of [[Leyhill Prison|HMP Leyhill]], a minimum-security prison, who won gardening awards.<ref name="Deitz">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/garden/free-to-grow-bluebells-in-england.html |title=Free to Grow Bluebells in England |last=Deitz |first=Paula |date=16 July 1998 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=13 |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren portrayed a devoted plantswoman in the film, who coaches a team of prison gardeners, led by [[Clive Owen]], to victory at a prestigious flower show.<ref name="Ramsey">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/22/movies/film-never-too-tough-to-be-softened-up-by-a-flower.html |title=Film; Never Too Tough to Be Softened Up by a Flower |last=Ramsey |first=Nancy |page=22 |date=22 July 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> The project received lukewarm reviews, which suggested that it added "nothing new to this already saturated genre" of [[Britcom|British feel-good films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greenfingers/ |title=Greenfingers (2000) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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The same year, she began work on the mystery film ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'', [[Sean Penn]]'s third directorial effort, in which she played a child psychologist. A critical success,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1104203-pledge |title=The Pledge (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> the [[ensemble film]] tanked at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/entertainment/1332122.stm |title=US directors laud Cannes audiences |date=15 May 2001 |website=BBC News |access-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> Also that year, she filmed the American-Icelandic satirical drama ''[[No Such Thing (film)|No Such Thing]]'' opposite [[Sarah Polley]]. Directed by [[Hal Hartley]], Mirren portrayed a soulless television producer in the film, who strives for sensationalistic stories. It was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/no_such_thing/ |title=No Such Thing (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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Her biggest critical and commercial success, released in 2001, became [[Robert Altman]]'s all-star ensemble mystery film ''[[Gosford Park]]''. A [[homage (arts)|homage]] to writer [[Agatha Christie]]'s [[whodunit]] style, the story follows a party of wealthy Britons and an American, and their servants, who gather for a shooting weekend at an [[English country house]], resulting in an unexpected murder. It received multiple awards and nominations, including a second [[Academy Award]] nomination and first [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Screen Actors Guild Award]] win for Mirren's portrayal of the sternly devoted head servant Mrs. Wilson.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/gosford-park-big-winner-article-1.485902 |title='Gosford Park' Big Winner |first=Jack |last=Mathews |date=11 March 2002 |newspaper=New York Daily News |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Fred Schepisi]]'s dramedy film ''[[Last Orders (film)|Last Orders]]'' opposite [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]].<ref name="Mirren roles"/><br />
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In 2003, Mirren starred in [[Nigel Cole]]'s comedy ''[[Calendar Girls]]'', inspired by the true story of a group of [[Yorkshire]] women who produced a [[nude calendar]] to raise money for [[Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research|Leukaemia Research]] under the auspices of the [[Women's Institutes]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/12/23/earlyshow/leisure/main590034.shtml |title=Helen Mirren's ''Calendar Girls'' |first=Rome |last=Neal |date=24 December 2003 |website=[[CBS News]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> Mirren initially was reluctant to join the project, dismissing it as another middling British picture,<ref name="mc1">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504225925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo&feature=related| archive-date=2017-05-04|title=2009&nbsp;– Movie Connections&nbsp;– Calendar Girls (2/4) |author=[[Movie Connections]] |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> but rethought her decision upon learning of the casting of co-star [[Julie Walters]].<ref name="mc1"/> The film was generally well received by critics, and grossed $96 million worldwide.<ref name="bom">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=calendargirls.htm |title=Calendar Girls (2003) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, the picture earned [[Satellite Award|Satellite]], [[Golden Globe]], and [[European Film Award]] nominations for Mirren.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0337909/awards |title=Awards for ''Calendar Girls'' |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> Her other film that year was the [[Showtime Networks|Showtime]] television film ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' opposite [[Olivier Martinez]], and [[Anne Bancroft]], based on the 1950 novel of the same title by [[Tennessee Williams]].<br />
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===2010–2014===<br />
In 2010, Mirren appeared in five films. In ''[[Love Ranch]]'', directed by her husband [[Taylor Hackford]], she portrayed [[Joe Conforte|Sally Conforte]], one half of a married couple who opened the first legal [[brothel]] in the US, the [[Mustang Ranch]] in [[Storey County, Nevada]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/04/helen_mirrens_brothel_movie_to.html |title=Helen Mirren's Brothel Movie to Open |last=Brown |first=Lane |date=6 April 2010 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren starred in the principal role of [[Prospero|Prospera]], the duchess of [[Milan]], in [[Julie Taymor]]'s ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]''. This was based on the [[The Tempest|play of the same name]] by [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]; Taymor changed the original character's gender to cast Mirren as her lead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |title=Mirren 'to star in Tempest film' |date=8 October 2008 |website=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111152135/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |archive-date=11 January 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While the actor garnered strong reviews for her portrayal, the film itself was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tempest |title=The Tempest (2010) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren at the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
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Mirren played a gutsy tea-shop owner who tries to save one of her young employees from marrying a teenage killer in [[Rowan Joffé]]'s ''[[Brighton Rock (2010 film)|Brighton Rock]]'', a [[crime film]] loosely based on [[Graham Greene]]'s 1938 [[Brighton Rock (novel)|novel]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |title=Helen Mirren: Interview |first=Ben |last=Walters |date=2 June 2015 |magazine=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128223000/http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |archive-date=28 January 2016}}</ref> The [[film noir]] [[Film premiere|premiered]] at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] in September 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |title=At TIFF: ''Brighton Rock'' Extends the Graham Greene Adaptation Curse |first=Michelle |last=Orange |date=13 September 2010 |website=[[Movieline]] |access-date=27 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916205701/http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |archive-date=16 September 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> where it received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/movies/brighton-rock-film-of-graham-greene-novel-review.html |title=A Meek Rose Amid the Mods and Rockers in an English Resort Town |first=Stephen |last=Holden |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=25 August 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=27 August 2011 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mirren's biggest critical and commercial success of the year was [[Robert Schwentke]]'s ensemble action comedy ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'', based on [[Warren Ellis]]'s graphic novel, in which she portrayed Victoria, an ex-[[MI6]] assassin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |title=Casting Notes: Alan Cumming in Burlesque; Mirren Does Espionage; Dempsey Steals Laughs; Weaver and Shawkat Hit Cedar Rapids |first=Russ |last=Fischer |date=4 November 2009 |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=19 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122185818/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |archive-date=22 January 2010}}</ref> Mirren was initially hesitant to sign on due to film's graphic violence, but changed her mind upon learning of [[Bruce Willis]]'s involvement.<ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |archive-date=10 December 2022 |title=Majestic Mirren |first=Emanuel |last=Levy |date=15 October 2010 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |location=London |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Released to positive reviews, it grossed $186.5 million worldwide.<ref name="mojo" >{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2010.htm |title=RED (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Also in 2010, the actor lent her voice to [[Zack Snyder]]'s computer-animated fantasy film ''[[Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole]]'', voicing [[antagonist]] Nyra, a leader of a group of owls. The film grossed $140.1 million on an $80 million budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=guardiansofgahoole.htm |title=Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=15 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's next film was the comedy film ''[[Arthur (2011 film)|Arthur]]'', a remake of the 1981 [[Arthur (1981 film)|film of the same name]], starring [[Russell Brand]] in the lead role. ''Arthur'' received generally negative reviews from critics, who declared it an "irritating, unnecessary remake".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/arthur_2011/ |title=Arthur (2011) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> In preparation for her role as a retired Israeli [[Mossad]] agent in the film ''[[The Debt (2011 film)|The Debt]]'', Mirren reportedly immersed herself in studies of Hebrew language, Jewish history, and [[Holocaust]] writing, including the life of [[Simon Wiesenthal]], while in Israel in 2009 for the filming of some of the movie's scenes. The film is a remake of a [[The Debt (2007 film)|2007 Israeli film of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/mirren-learning-hebrew-for-movie-role_1096343 |title=Mirren Learning Hebrew For Movie Role |date=27 February 2009 |website=[[ContactMusic.com]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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In 2012, Mirren played [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s wife [[Alma Reville]] in the 2012 biopic ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'', directed by [[Sacha Gervasi]] and based on [[Stephen Rebello]]'s non-fiction book ''[[Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho]]''. The film centres on the pair's relationship during the making of ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'', a controversial [[horror film]] that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker's career. It became a moderate arthouse success and garnered a lukewarm critical response from critics, who felt that it suffered from "tonal inconsistency and a lack of truly insightful retrospection."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/hitchcock |title=Hitchcock (2012) |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> Mirren was universally praised, however, with [[Roger Ebert]] noting that the film depended most on her portrayal, which he found to be "warm and effective".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=20 November 2012 |title=Hitchcock |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=21 November 2012 |archive-date=27 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127172340/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Her other film that year was ''[[The Door (2012 film)|The Door]]'', a claustrophobic drama film directed by [[István Szabó]], based on the Hungarian novel of the same name. Set at the height of [[communist]] rule in 1960s Hungary, the story of the adaptation centres on the abrasive influence that a mysterious housekeeper wields over her employer and successful novelist, played [[Martina Gedeck]]. Mirren found the role "difficult to play" and cited doing it as "one of the hardest things [she has] ever done".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/mirren-steps-through-a-new-door-20120718-22ahn.html |title=Mirren steps through a new door |first=Philippa |last=Hawker |date=19 July 2012 |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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[[File:HelenMirrenHWOFJan2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren receiving a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013]]<br />
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The following year, Mirren replaced [[Bette Midler]] in [[David Mamet]]'s biographical television film ''[[Phil Spector (film)|Phil Spector]]'' about [[Phil Spector|the American musician]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/22/phil-spector-s-jersey-girl-lawyer-meet-the-real-linda-kenney-baden.html |title=Phil Spector's Jersey Girl Lawyer: Meet the Real Linda Kenney Baden |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |date=22 March 2013 |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> The [[HBO]] film focuses on the relationship between Spector and his defence attorney Linda Kenney Baden, played by Mirren, during the first of his two [[Phil Spector#Murder conviction|murder trials for the death in 2003]] of [[Lana Clarkson]] in his California mansion. ''Spector'' received largely mixed to positive reviews from critics, particularly for Mirren and co-star [[Al Pacino]]'s performances, and was nominated for eleven [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, also winning Mirren a [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie|Screen Actors Guild Award]] at the [[20th Screen Actors Guild Awards|20th awards ceremony]]. The film drew criticism both from Clarkson's family and friends, who charged that the suicide defence was given more merit than it deserved, and from Spector's wife, who argued that Spector was portrayed as a "foul-mouthed megalomaniac" and a "minotaur".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2013/03/15/friends_of_lana_clarkson_protest_hbo_film_phil_spector/ |title=Friends of Lana Clarkson protest HBO film "Phil Spector" |last=Gupta |first=Prachi |date=15 March 2013 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref> Also in 2013, Mirren voiced the character of Dean Abigail Hardscrabble in [[Pixar]]'s computer-animated comedy film ''[[Monsters University]]'', which grossed $743 million against its estimated budget of $200 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monstersinc2.htm |title=Monsters University (2013) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=20 December 2013}}</ref> and reprised her role in the sequel film ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]''.<ref name="Mirren">{{cite web |url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |title=Helen Mirren Says She's Ready For 'Red' Sequel: 'Just Get Me The Script' |last=Warner |first=Kara |date=29 March 2011 |website=[[MTV News]] |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515150701/http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |archive-date=15 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The action comedy received a mixed reviews from film critics, who called it a "lackadaisical sequel",<ref name="TheWrap">{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/red-2-review-bruce-willis-sequel-dies-hard-lands-dull-thud-102681 |title='Red 2' Review: Bruce Willis Sequel Dies Hard, Lands With Dull Thud |last=Gilchrist |first=Todd |date=15 July 2013 |website=[[The Wrap]] |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref> but became another commercial success, making over $140 million worldwide.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=Red 2 (2013) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2.htm |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2014 was the comedy-drama ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' opposite the Indian actor [[Om Puri]]. Directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and produced by [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Oprah Winfrey]], the film is based on [[Richard C. Morais]]'s 2010 novel [[The Hundred-Foot Journey|with the same name]] and tells the story of a feud between two adjacent restaurants in a French town. Mirren garnered largely positive reviews for her performance of a snobby restaurateur, a role which she accepted as she was keen to play a French character, reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."<ref name="collider1">{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/helen-mirren-hundred-foot-journey-trumbo-interview/ |title=Helen Mirren Talks 'The Hundred-Foot Journey', Working with Om Puri, What She Looks For in Choosing Projects, 'Trumbo', and More |last1=Roberts |first1=Sheila |date=31 July 2014 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The film earned her another [[Golden Globe]] nomination and became a modest commercial success, grossing $88.9 million worldwide.<ref name=BOM2>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=100foot.htm |title=The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref><br />
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===2015–present===<br />
[[File:The Leisure Seeker 06 (36402080733).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren attending the premiere of ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' at the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
In 2015, Mirren reunited with her former assistant [[Simon Curtis (filmmaker)|Simon Curtis]] on ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'', co-starring [[Ryan Reynolds]].<ref name="collider1"/> The film was based on the true story of Jewish refugee [[Maria Altmann]] who, together with her young lawyer [[E. Randol Schoenberg|Randy Schoenberg]], fought the Austrian government to be reunited with [[Gustav Klimt]]'s painting of her aunt, the famous ''[[Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gustav-klimt-birthday-woman-in-gold_55a52d3de4b0a47ac15d61af |title=Gustav Klimt Painted Much More Than 'The Woman In Gold' |last1=Valentine |first1=Colin |date=14 July 2015 |website=[[HuffPost]] Arts & Culture |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics, although Mirren and Reynold's performances were widely praised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Woman in Gold (2015) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/woman_in_gold/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> A commercial success, ''Woman in Gold'' became one of the highest-grossing specialty films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/the-20-highest-grossing-indies-of-2015-a-running-list-1 |title=The 20 Highest Grossing Indies of 2015 (A Running List) |first=Kate |last=Erbland |date=29 December 2015 |website=Indiewire |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The same year, Mirren appeared in [[Gavin Hood]]'s thriller ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), in which she played as a military intelligence officer who leads a secret [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone]] mission to capture a terrorist group living in [[Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/aaron-paul-helen-mirren-join-colin-firth-in-thriller-eye-in-the-sky/ |title=Aaron Paul, Helen Mirren Join Colin Firth in Thriller 'Eye in the Sky' |last1=Sneider |first1=Jeff |date=16 May 2014 |website=The Wrap |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Jay Roach]]'s biographical drama ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'', co-starring [[Bryan Cranston]] and [[Diane Lane]]. The actor played [[Hedda Hopper]], the famous actor and [[gossip columnist]], in the film, which received generally positive reviews from critics and garnered her a 14th Golden Globe nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/trumbo/ |title=Trumbo (2015) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2016 was ''[[Collateral Beauty]]'', directed by [[David Frankel]]. Co-Starring [[Will Smith]], [[Keira Knightley]], and [[Kate Winslet]], the ensemble drama follows a man who copes with his daughter's death by writing letters to [[time]], [[death]], and [[love]]. The film earned largely negative reviews from critics, who called it "well-meaning but fundamentally flawed."<ref name="reviews">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/will-smith-collateral-beauty-lowest-box-office-opening-rotten-tomatoes-1201873153/ |title=How Critics' "Schoolyard Assault" On 'Collateral Beauty' Turned Ugly For Will Smith Pic |first=Anthony |last= D'Alessandro |date=18 December 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=reviews2>{{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/12/13/collateral-beauty-reviews-roundup/ |title=Collateral Beauty reviews: Will Smith movie slammed by critics |first=Danielle |last=Jackson |date=13 December 2016 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Mirren narrated ''[[Cries from Syria]]'', a [[documentary film]] about the [[Syrian Civil War]], directed by [[Evgeny Afineevsky]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/markets-festivals/hbo-cries-from-syria-1201957096/ |title=HBO Nabs 'Cries From Syria' Documentary Ahead of Sundance |first=Brent |last=Lang |date=10 January 2017 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> Also that year, she made an uncredited [[cameo appearance]] in [[F. Gary Gray]]'s ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'', the eighth instalment in the [[The Fast and the Furious |''Fast & Furious'']] franchise, playing Magdalene, the mother of Owen and [[Deckard Shaw]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1635570/how-helen-mirren-ended-up-in-the-fate-of-the-furious-according-to-vin-diesel |title=How Helen Mirren Ended Up In The Fate Of The Furious, According To Vin Diesel |first=Gregory |last=Wakeman |date=14 March 2017 |website=CinemaBlend |access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> Mirren had a larger role in director [[Paolo Virzì]]'s English-language debut ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'', based on the [[The Leisure Seeker (novel)|2009 novel of the same name]]. On set, she was reunited with [[Donald Sutherland]] with whom she had not worked again since ''[[Bethune: The Making of a Hero]]'' (1990),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/cannes-helen-mirren-and-donald-sutherland-to-topline-paolo-virzis-the-leisure-seeker-exclusive-1201772430/ |title=Cannes: Helen Mirren and Donald Sutherland to Topline Paolo Virzì's 'The Leisure Seeker' |first1=Nick |last1=Vivarelli |first2=Elsa |last2=Keslassy |date=12 May 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> portraying a terminally ill couple who escape from their retirement home and take one last cross-country adventure in a vintage van.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-donald-sutherland-team-up-for-the-leisure-seeker-cannes-1201754273/ |title=Helen Mirren & Donald Sutherland Team For 'The Leisure Seeker' – Cannes |first=Ali |last=Jaafar |date=12 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> At the [[75th Golden Globe Awards|75th awards ceremony]], Mirren received her 15th [[Golden Globe]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List |first=Rebecca |last=Rubin |date=11 December 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref><br />
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In 2018, Mirren portrayed heiress [[Sarah Winchester]] in the supernatural horror film ''[[Winchester (film)|Winchester]]'', directed by [[The Spierig Brothers]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-takes-aim-at-playing-firearm-heiress-in-hot-cannes-package-winchester-1201755962/ |title=Helen Mirren Takes Aim At Playing Firearm Heiress In Hot Cannes Package 'Winchester' |first=Mike Jr. |last=Fleming |date=14 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref> In the same year, she starred as Mother Ginger in Disney's adaptation of ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', titled ''[[The Nutcracker and the Four Realms]]'', directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and [[Joe Johnston]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/helen-mirren-nutcracker-disney-1201844942/ |title=Helen Mirren Joins Disney's 'The Nutcracker' |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=25 August 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> In 2019, she appeared in the ensemble film ''[[Berlin, I Love You]]'', the French crime thriller film ''[[Anna (2019 feature film)|Anna]]'', directed and written by [[Luc Besson]], and co-starred in the ''Fast and the Furious'' spin-off ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]''.<ref name="Oct2017V">{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/luc-besson-anna-helen-mirren-luke-evans-1202584144/ |title=Luc Besson Sets Next Film 'Anna' With Helen Mirren, Luke Evans |first1=Elsa |last1=Keslassy |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |date=9 October 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> In March 2021, she was cast as the villain Hespera in the superhero film ''[[Shazam! Fury of the Gods]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=23 March 2021 |title='Shazam: Fury Of The Gods': Helen Mirren To Play Villain Hespera In Sequel |url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323221810/https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |archive-date=23 March 2021 |access-date=23 March 2021 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref><br />
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Mirren portrayed [[Golda Meir]], prime minister of Israel from 1969 to 1974, in a 2023 [[biopic]] entitled ''[[Golda (film)|Golda]]''. Reviewing the film in ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] wrote that "Mirren makes her terse, decisive, and ferociously alive."<ref>{{cite web |last=Gleiberman |first=Owen |title=Golda' Review: Helen Mirren Channels Golda Meir in a Tense Dramatization of the Yom Kippur War |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/reviews/golda-review-helen-mirren-golda-meir-1973-yom-kippur-war-1235529163/ |website=Variety |date=20 February 2023 |access-date=18 June 2023}}</ref> She also appeared in the 2022 music video for [[Kendrick Lamar]]'s "[[Count Me Out (Kendrick Lamar song)|Count Me Out]]" as a therapist.<ref>{{citation |title=Kendrick Lamar – Count Me Out |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GhhVHpPR_M |access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref><br />
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==Television career==<br />
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===''Prime Suspect''===<br />
Mirren is known for her role as detective Jane Tennison in the widely viewed ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', a multiple award-winning television drama series that was noted for its high quality and popularity. Her portrayal of Tennison won her [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] between 1992 and 1994 (making her one of four actors to have received three consecutive [[BAFTA TV Awards]] for a role, alongside [[Robbie Coltrane]], [[Julie Walters]] and [[Michael Gambon]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/dame-helen-mirren-10-things-202365 |title=Dame Helen Mirren: 10 things you need to know about the Oscar nominated actress |date=18 February 2010 |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |location=London |access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> Primarily due to ''Prime Suspect'', in 2006 Mirren came 29th on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]’s poll of [[TV's 50 Greatest Stars]] voted by the British public.<ref name="Poll">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5142726.stm| title=ITV to salute '50 greatest stars'| date=3 July 2006| work=[[BBC News]]| access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><br />
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===Other roles===<br />
Mirren's other television performances include ''[[Cousin Bette]]'' (1971); ''[[BBC Television Shakespeare|As You Like It]]'' (1979); ''[[Blue Remembered Hills]]'' (1979); ''[[The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' episode "[[Dead Woman's Shoes (The Twilight Zone)|Dead Woman's Shoes]]" (1985); ''[[The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)|The Passion of Ayn Rand]]'' (1999), where her performance won her an [[Emmy]]; ''[[Door to Door (film)|Door to Door]]'' (2002); and ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' (2003). In 1976, she appeared with [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Alan Bates]] and [[Malcolm McDowell]] in a production of [[Harold Pinter]]'s ''[[The Collection (play)|The Collection]]'' as part of the ''[[Laurence Olivier Presents]]'' series. She also played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in 2005, in the television serial ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'', for [[Channel 4]] and [[HBO]], for which she received an [[Emmy Award]] and a [[Golden Globe Award]]. Mirren won another Emmy Award on 16 September 2007 for her role in ''[[Prime Suspect|Prime Suspect: The Final Act]]'' on PBS in the same category as in 2006. Mirren hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' on 9 April 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://watching-tv.ew.com/2011/04/10/saturday-night-live-helen-mirren-foo-fighters/ |title='Saturday Night Live' recap: Helen Mirren transcended a laugh-lite 'SNL' |last=Tucker |first=Ken |date=10 April 2011 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> In 2022, she portrayed Cara Dutton in the ''[[Yellowstone (American TV series)|Yellowstone]]'' spinoff ''[[1923 (TV series)|1923]]'', which also featured [[Harrison Ford]] and [[Timothy Dalton]].<br />
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==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren figure at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|upright|Waxwork of Mirren at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]<br />
Mirren lived with Northern Irish actor [[Liam Neeson]] during the early 1980s; they met while working on ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981). When interviewed by [[James Lipton]] for ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]'', Neeson said Mirren was instrumental in his getting an agent.<br />
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Mirren began dating American director [[Taylor Hackford]] in 1986. They were married on 31 December 1997 at the [[Ardersier]] Parish Church near [[Inverness]] in the [[Scottish Highlands]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Dame Helen Mirren fights sewage plant plan in quiet fishing village where she got married |date=30 May 2016 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 January 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> They met on the set of ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985). It is her first marriage and his third. (He has two children from his previous marriages.) She has no children, and has stated that she has "no maternal instinct whatsoever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/mirren%20i%20have%20no%20maternal%20instinct_1023284 |title=Mirren: 'I Have No Maternal Instinct' |date=26 February 2007 |website=Contactmusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's autobiography, ''In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures'', was published in the UK by [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] in September 2007. Reviewing for ''[[The Stage]]'', John Thaxter wrote: "Sumptuously illustrated, at first sight it looks like another of those photo albums of the stars. But between the pictures there are almost 200 pages of densely printed text, an unusually frank story of her private and professional life, mainly in the theatre, the words clearly Mirren's own, delivered with forthright candour."<ref>{{cite news |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=1 November 2007 |newspaper=The Stage}}</ref><br />
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In 1990, Mirren said in an interview that she was an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sunday Review Pages: Helen Mirren interview |last=Garfield |first=Simon |date=25 November 1990 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |page=27 |quote=Sometimes I feel like a farmer during a war, someone who doesn't know very much about it and carries on digging, hoping for rain. But just the last few days I've had this terrible feeling of... doom. It's a, er, [[Bible|biblical]], kind of [[Old Testament]] feeling. I'm an atheist, but I was suddenly thinking of those stories of the flood and punishment. Because we've become unbelievably greedy and destructive.}}</ref> In the August 2011 issue of ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', she said, "I am quite spiritual. I believed in fairies when I was a child. I still do sort of believe in the [[fairies]]. And the [[leprechauns]]. But I don't believe in God."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/helen-mirren-quotes-0811 |title=Helen Mirren: What I've Learned |last=Fussman |first=Cal |date=7 July 2011 |magazine=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |access-date=8 January 2013}}</ref><br />
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In a 2008 interview with ''[[GQ]]'', Mirren revealed she was [[date rape]]d as a student, and had often taken [[cocaine]] at parties in her twenties and until the 1980s.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/09/01/helen.mirren.rape/index.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren in date-rape revelation |date=1 September 2008 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref><ref name=indie>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Mirren talks of her date-rapes, then provokes furore with views on sex attackers |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |date=1 September 2008 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref> She stopped using it after reading that [[Klaus Barbie]] made a living from cocaine dealing.<ref name=cnn/><ref name=indie/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7591142.stm |title=Dame Helen in cocaine admission |date=1 September 2008 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901101327/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2008 |title='The Queen' actress Dame Helen Mirren reveals former love of cocaine |last=Simpson |first=Aislinn |date=31 August 2008 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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On 11 May 2010, Mirren attended the unveiling of her waxwork at [[Madame Tussauds]] in London. In 2012, she was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]] to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork—The Beatles' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' album cover—to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admired.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited |title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday |first=Caroline |last=Davies |date=2 April 2012 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026 |title=Sir Peter Blake's new Beatles' Sgt Pepper's album cover |date=2 April 2012 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2010, she was named Sexiest Woman Alive by ''Esquire'', and in a 2011 photo shoot for the magazine, she stripped down and covered up with the [[Union Jack]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Helen Mirren shows off her patriotism in Esquire photo shoot |date=15 July 2011 |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/helen-mirren-shows-off-her-patriotism-in-esquire-photo-shoot.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAL-vIbYr3zdTdvehdRUc0lnYjJRXjrH4_m5WPohtumjKkQF5ZjHQLJtDu-wBH128akA-SIGhwuqIxJGGVah71ko93k0SrMjCBGWYNe6o4pAX1bMxdQKNuPUDWP0gRMadkT21jNy7mPWtoRB9gY_JEBadANEeCY_pMxeHk9kSdO2G |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2013, Mirren was announced as one of several new models for [[Marks & Spencer]]'s "Womanism" campaign. Subtitled "Britain's leading ladies", the campaign featured Mirren alongside British women from various fields, including pop singer [[Ellie Goulding]], double Olympic gold medal-winning boxer [[Nicola Adams]], and writer [[Monica Ali]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/aug/19/marks-spencer-new-ad-annie-leibowitz |title=Marks & Spencer's new ad: what does it mean? |first=Lauren |last=Cochrane |date=19 August 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In March 2013, ''The Guardian'' listed Mirren as one of the 50 Best-Dressed Over 50.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s |title=The 50 best-dressed over 50s |first=Jess |last=Cartner-Morley |date=29 March 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
She told the ''[[Radio Times]]'', "I'm a [[naturism|naturist]] at heart. I love being on beaches where everyone is naked. Ugly people, beautiful people, old people, whatever. It's so unisexual and so liberating."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-09-19/celebrity-nudists-the-stars-who-like-to-let-it-all-hang-out |title=Celebrity nudists: the stars who like to let it all hang out |date=19 September 2014 |magazine=Radio Times |location=London |access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref> In 2004, she was named Naturist of the Year by [[British Naturism]]. She said: "Many thanks to British Naturism for this great honour. I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!"<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |title=Dame Helen Mirren named 'Naturist of the Year' |date=8 January 2012 |publisher=British Naturism |access-date=26 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004094251/http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |archive-date=4 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
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In 2006, Mirren stated that she was never a member of any [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|political party]].<ref name="independent">{{cite web |title=Helen Mirren: Her crowning achievement |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |work=The Independent |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708131908/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |archive-date=8 July 2022 |date=18 August 2006 |quote="I've never been a member of Labour, or any political party for that matter, but in 1997 I wanted to get rid of the Conservatives; wanted to get rid of that appalling lot." |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirren became a [[U.S. citizen]] in 2017 and voted in her first U.S. election in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/oscar-winner-tahoe-resident-helen-mirren-casts-1st-american-vote |title=Oscar winner, Tahoe resident Helen Mirren casts 1st American vote| date=15 October 2020 |newspaper=Tahoe Daily Tribune |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |newspaper=[[Record-Courier (Nevada)|The Record-Courier]] |location=[[Gardnerville, Nevada]] |title='The Queen' casts her ballot in Minden |date=17 October 2020 |last=Hildebrand |first=Kurt |access-date=18 October 2020 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116061403/https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She supported Patricia Ackerman in her campaign against [[Mark Amodei]] in {{ushr|NV|2}}.<ref name="democrat">{{cite web |last1=Jackson |first1=Hugh |title=Helen Mirren for governor |url=https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |publisher=Nevada Current |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022204617/https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |archive-date=22 October 2020 |date=22 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In April 2021, she took part in the [[music video]] "La Vacinada" (meaning ''the vaccinated woman'' in broken [[Spanish language]]) of Italian comedian and singer [[Checco Zalone]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/checco-zalone-pokes-fun-at-helen-mirrens-age-in-viral-video-9xgd0q99d| title=Checco Zalone pokes fun at Helen Mirren's age in viral video| newspaper=The Times| location=London| date=1 May 2021| access-date=2 May 2021| url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
In the song and video, Zalone jokes about the fact that, in times of [[Covid-19 pandemic]], it is safer to have an [[affair]] with someone who has already been [[vaccinated]] against the [[virus]], and as [[the elderly]] get vaccinated first, an older partner (played by Mirren in the video) is now the best choice.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='The Telegraph' recap: Helen Mirren joins Italy's best known comic in light-hearted sketch to promote Covid-19 vaccine |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=30 April 2021 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph | location=London |access-date=30 April 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Acting credits==<br />
{{main|Helen Mirren on screen and stage}}<br />
<br />
==Awards and honours==<br />
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren}}<br />
<br />
Among her major competitive awards, Mirren has won one [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]], four [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA Awards]], three [[Golden Globe Awards]], five [[Emmy Awards]], and one [[Tony Awards|Tony Award]]. Her numerous honorary awards include the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] and Gala Tribute presented by the [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]].<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/45th-chaplin-award-gala-will-honor-helen-mirren/ |title=45th Chaplin Award Gala Will Honor Helen Mirren |website=Film Society of Lincoln Center |date=14 October 2017 |access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref><br />
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In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]] in December.<ref name="Damehood"/><ref name="Ceremony"/> In January 2009, Mirren was named on ''[[The Times]]''' list of the top 10 British actresses of all time. The list included [[Julie Andrews]], [[Helena Bonham Carter]], [[Judi Dench]] and [[Audrey Hepburn]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5502980.ece |title=The best British film actresses of all time |date=12 January 2009 |newspaper=The Times |location=London | first=James | last=Christopher | access-date=27 May 2020 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
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==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Mirren| first=Helen| title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BoEtOA98XQAC| publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]| year=2011| isbn=978-1-4165-7341-8}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of British actors]]<br />
* [[List of British Academy Award nominees and winners]]<br />
* [[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]<br />
* [[List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="VF2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/11/helen-mirren-nude-scene |title=Helen Mirren Reveals The One Nude Scene She Didn't Mind Filming |last=Miller |first=Julie |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<ref name="peop_Hele">{{cite web |url=http://www.people.com/article/helen-mirren-talks-nude-scenes |title=Helen Mirren Reveals Her Favorite Nude Scenes Were for Caligula: 'Everyone Was Naked' |last=McNiece |first=Mia |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=People |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Ward| first=Philip| date=October 25, 2019| title=Becoming Helen Mirren| publisher=Troubador Press| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=becoming+helen+mirren| access-date=March 1, 2022}} A survey of the actor's early career.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{sister project links|b=no|commons=Category:Helen Mirren|d=Q349391|n=no|q=Helen Mirren|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|545}}<br />
* {{IBDB name|53256}}<br />
* {{Playbill person|helen-mirren-vault-0000099983}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|260}}<br />
* {{NYTtopic|people/m/helen_mirren}}<br />
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{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Awards for Helen Mirren]]<br />
|list =<br />
{{AcademyAwardBestActress 2001-2020}}<br />
{{AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Grownup Love Story}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actress 2000-2019}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{British Academy Television Award for Best Actress 1980-1999}}<br />
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards}}<br />
{{Prix d'interprétation féminine 1980–1999}}<br />
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{DramaDesk PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActress 1976-2000}}<br />
{{European Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{European Film Academy Achievement in World Cinema Award}}<br />
{{Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Lincoln Center Gala Tribute}}<br />
{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureDrama 2001-2020}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressTVMiniseriesFilm}}<br />
{{GoldenOrangeHonoraryAward}}<br />
{{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}}<br />
{{Honorary Golden Bear}}<br />
{{OlivierAward PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress 2001-present}}<br />
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{RTS Programme Award for Best Performance by a Female Actor}}<br />
{{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Motion Picture}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Television Miniseries or Film}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Supporting Actress Series Miniseries or Television Film}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleLeadMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleSupportMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleTVMiniseriesMovie}}<br />
{{Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award}}<br />
{{Stanislavsky Award}}<br />
{{St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{TonyAward PlayLeadActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{TFCA Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Volpi Cup for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
{{British Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirren, Helen}}<br />
[[Category:1945 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses awarded damehoods]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Essex]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Middlesex University]]<br />
[[Category:Audiobook narrators]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award (television) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actress Golden Globe winners]]<br />
[[Category:British naturists]]<br />
[[Category:Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:English atheists]]<br />
[[Category:English film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Russian descent]]<br />
[[Category:English radio actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English Shakespearean actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English expatriates in the United States]]]<br />
[[Category:English stage actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English voice actresses]]<br />
[[Category:European Film Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:Golden Orange Honorary Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Honorary Golden Bear recipients]]<br />
[[Category:Laurence Olivier Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:National Youth Theatre members]]<br />
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Hammersmith]]<br />
[[Category:People from Westcliff-on-Sea]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]]<br />
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Mirren&diff=1171470897Helen Mirren2023-08-21T08:30:42Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1171371649 by Correogsk (talk) Undo. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|English actor (born 1945)}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Dame]]<br />
| name = Helen Mirren<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}}<br />
| image = Helen Mirren-2208 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Mirren in 2020<br />
| alt = Mirren at the 2020 Berlin International Film Festival<br />
| birth_name = Helen Lydia Mironoff<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1945|7|26}}<br />
| birth_place = London, England<!--No boroughs/neighbourhoods, just cities per format.--><br />
| citizenship = {{hlist|United Kingdom|United States}}<br />
| occupation = Actor<!-- READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR, it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --><br />
| years_active = 1965–present<br />
| works = [[Helen Mirren on screen and stage|Full list]]<br />
| partner = [[Liam Neeson]] (1980–1985)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/movies/helen-mirren-says-she-and-ex-liam-neeson-loved-each-other-but-were-not-meant-to-be-together/|title=Helen Mirren Says She and Ex Liam Neeson 'Loved Each Other' But 'Were Not Meant to Be Together'|date=2022-11-22|access-date=2023-01-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/movies/liam-neeson-helen-mirren-talk-past-relationship/|title=Liam Neeson Recalls First Falling for Former Flame Helen Mirren: 'I Was Smitten'|date=2018-01-19|access-date=2023-01-28}}</ref><br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Taylor Hackford]]|31 December 1997}}<br />
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Simon Mirren]] (nephew)|[[Tania Mallet]] (cousin)|[[Rio Hackford]] (stepson)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/rio-hackford-dead-mandalorian-1235233527/|title=Rio Hackford, Club Owner and Actor, Dies at 52|first=Pat|last=Saperstein|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=15 April 2022|access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>|[[Mikhail Kamensky]] (great-great-great-great-grandfather)}}<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Full list]]<br />
| website = {{URL|helenmirren.com}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Dame Helen Mirren''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} (born '''Helen Lydia Mironoff'''; 26 July 1945) is an English<!--as per [[MOS:BIO]]; became notable as English and not British-American--> actor.<!--PLEASE READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --> She is the recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|numerous accolades]] and is the only performer to have achieved both [[Triple Crown of Acting|the American]] and [[Triple Crown (UK entertainment)|the British]] Triple Crowns of Acting. Mirren has received an [[Academy Award]] and a [[British Academy Film Award]] for her portrayal of [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'', a [[Tony Award]] and a [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for portraying the same character in ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]'', three [[British Academy Television Awards]] for her performance as DCI Jane Tennison in ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]], and a [[Children's and Family Emmy Award]].<br />
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Mirren's stage performance as [[Cleopatra]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[National Youth Theatre]] in 1965 provided her an opportunity to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]], before making her [[West End theatre|West End]] stage debut in 1975. She subsequently went on to achieve success in film and television, appearing in films such as ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001), and ''[[The Last Station]]'' (2009), receiving Academy Award nominations for each of those performances. For her role on ''Prime Suspect'', which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] (1992, 1993 and 1994)—a record of consecutive wins shared with Dame [[Julie Walters]]—and two [[Primetime Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/helen-mirren |title=Helen Mirren |website=[[Emmy Award]] |access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> She played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 TV series)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), and [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in the film ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006); she is the only actor to have portrayed both of the regnant Elizabeths on screen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Helen Mirren, at 75, remains the queen of acting |url=https://www.dw.com/en/why-helen-mirren-at-75-remains-the-queen-of-acting/a-52429296 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref><br />
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After her breakthrough role in ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980), Mirren appeared in a variety of other films including ''[[Cal (1984 film)|Cal]]'' (1984), for which she won the [[Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress]], ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover]]'' (1989), ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003), ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]'' (2010), ''[[The Debt (2010 film)|The Debt]]'' (2010), ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'' (2012), ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' (2014), ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'' (2015), ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'' (2015), and ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' (2017). She has also appeared in several action films such as ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'' (2010) and its sequel ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]'' (2013), as well as in the ''[[Fast & Furious]]'' film franchise ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'' (2017), ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]'' (2019), and ''[[F9 (film)|F9]]'' (2021).<br />
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In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref name="Damehood">{{London Gazette|issue=56963|supp=y|page=7 |date=14 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Ceremony">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |title=Dame Helen centre stage at palace |date=5 December 2003 |website=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725070213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |archive-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> <br />
She's received numerous honours including a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013,<ref name="Walk of fame">{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |title=Helen Mirren Gets Hollywood Walk of Fame Star |date=4 January 2013 |website=[[Sky News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116224406/http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement in 2014,<ref name="bafta.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/helen-mirren-fellowship-2014,4076,BA.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren&nbsp;– BAFTA Fellow in 2014 |date=26 January 2014 |website=BAFTA |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> and [[Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award]] in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grater |first1=Tom |title=Helen Mirren To Receive SAG Life Achievement Award |url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/helen-mirren-sag-life-achievement-award-1234876685/ |website=Deadline |date=18 November 2021 |access-date=November 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
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==Early life==<br />
<!-- Although it is common to have an 'a' at the end of a woman's patronymic, when Russian families moved to the UK, they often "froze" their surnames and didn't follow the old patronymic rules any more. The same applies to other nationalities like Icelandic and those from Nordic countries. Had she been born in Russia, Helen Mirren likely would have been named Yelena or Ilyena Vasilyeva Mironova. But she was born in the UK and was named Helen Lydia Mironoff --><br />
Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff on 26 July 1945<ref name="biography.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/helen-mirren-547434 |title=Helen Mirren Biography: Actress (1945–) |website=[[Biography.com]] |publisher=[[FYI (TV network)|FYI]]/[[A&E Networks]] |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=ker>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002fa_fact1 |title=Command Performance: The reign of Helen Mirren |last=Lahr |first=John |date=2 October 2006 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=24 October 2010}}</ref> at [[Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital]] in the [[Hammersmith]] district of London,<ref name=birth>{{cite web |url=http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=bmd%2fb%2f1945%2f3%2faz%2f000858%2f014 |title=England & Wales births 1837–2006 Transcription |website=[[Findmypast]] |access-date=6 June 2016 |quote=Her birth was registered in the Hammersmith registration district |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='Whenever I see the Queen, I think, "Oh ... there I am"': The right royal progress of Helen Mirren |first=Neil |last=Norman |date=10 March 2013 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> to an English mother and Russian father.<ref name=nationsmemory>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |title=Helen Mirren |website=Nation's Memorybank |access-date=5 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207044313/http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref> Her mother, Kathleen "Kitty" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (née Rogers; 1908–1996), was a working-class woman from [[West Ham]], the thirteenth of fourteen children born to a butcher whose own father was the butcher to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name=nationsmemory/>{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=34}} Mirren's father, Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913–1980), was a member of an exiled family of the [[Russian nobility]]; he was taken to England when he was two by his father, Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov.<ref name=nationsmemory/> Pyotr Mironov, who owned a family estate near Gzhatsk (now [[Gagarin, Smolensk Oblast|Gagarin]]), was part of the Russian aristocracy. His mother, Mirren's great-grandmother, was Countess Lydia Andreevna Kamenskaya, an aristocrat and a descendant of [[Mikhail Kamensky|Count Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky]], a prominent Russian general in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=ker/><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/news/tn-vsl-xpm-2006-09-28-lap-queen0921-story.html| title=Behind the Scene:God Save The Queen| date=28 September 2006| newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Susan E.| last=James}}</ref> Pyotr Mironov served as a colonel in the [[Imperial Russian Army]] and fought in the 1904 [[Russo-Japanese War]]. He became a diplomat and was negotiating an arms deal in Britain when he and his family were stranded by the [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917.<ref name="NYTJacobs">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212214734/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-date=12 February 2020| url-status=bot: unknown| title=Helen Mirren Plays Catherine II in the Years That Made Her 'the Great'| date=21 October 2019| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Julia| last=Jacobs| url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222071030/http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-date=22 February 2019 |title=Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov Collection: The Russian Government Committee in London (1914–1939) |date=11 September 2009 |website=University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies Library |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> He settled in England and became a London cab driver to support his family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/helen-mirrens-in-the-prime-of-life-7239430.html |title=Helen Mirren's in the prime of life |date=13 July 2017 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Vasily Mironoff also played the viola with the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] before [[World War II]].<ref name=nationsmemory/> He was an ambulance driver during the war, and served in the [[East End of London]] during [[the Blitz]].{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=22}} He and Kathleen Rogers married in Hammersmith in 1938, and at some point before 1951 he anglicised his first name to Basil.<ref name=Gazette/> Shortly after Helen's birth, her father left the orchestra and returned to driving a cab to support the family. He later worked as a driving-test examiner, then became a civil servant with the [[Department for Transport|Ministry of Transport]].<ref name="biography.com"/><ref name=nationsmemory/> In 1951, he changed the family name to Mirren by [[deed poll]].<ref name=Gazette>{{London Gazette |date=12 October 1951 |issue=39356 |page= 5331 |supp=y}}</ref> Mirren considers her upbringing to have been "very anti-monarchist".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |title=Helen Mirren, British Royal Tea? |first=Natalie |last=Finn |date=26 February 2007 |website=[[E! News]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012090005/http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |archive-date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> She was the second of three children; she has an older sister Katherine ("Kate"; born 1942) and had a younger brother Peter Basil (1947–2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/189510/helen-mirren-fondly-remembers-late-costar-alan-rickman |title=Helen Mirren fondly remembers late costar Alan Rickman |last=Nepales |first=Ruben V. |date=7 February 2016 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |location=Manila |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Her paternal cousin was [[Tania Mallet]], a model and [[Bond girl]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47772012 |title=Goldfinger actress dies aged 77 |date=1 April 2019 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Mirren was brought up in [[Leigh-on-Sea]], Essex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Helen Mirren interview |last=Piccalo |first=Gina |date=7 February 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=6 November 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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Mirren attended Hamlet Court primary school in [[Westcliff-on-Sea]], where she had the lead role in a school production of ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]'',{{sfn|Mirren|2011|pp=47–48}}<ref name=autobiography>{{cite book |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |first=Helen |last=Mirren |date=25 March 2008 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |isbn=978-1-41656-760-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/inframemylifeinw0000mirr }}</ref> and [[St Bernard's High School for Girls]] in [[Southend-on-Sea]], where she also acted in school productions. She subsequently attended a teaching college, the [[Middlesex University|New College of Speech and Drama]] in London, "housed within [[Anna Pavlova]]'s old home, Ivy House" on [[North End Road, Golders Green|North End Road]] in [[Golders Green]]. At the age of eighteen, she passed the audition for the [[National Youth Theatre]] (NYT); and at twenty, she played [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra]] in the NYT production of ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Old Vic]], a role which she says "launched my career" and led to her signing with agent [[Albert Parker (director)|Al Parker]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Fame Academy: Where Daniel Craig, Helen Mirren and Colin Firth learned to act |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=22 April 2020 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Waterman |first=Ivan |date=2003 |title=Helen Mirren: The Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Metro Books |pages=[https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 18–22, 26–29] |isbn=1843580535 }}</ref><br />
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==Theatre career==<br />
===Early years===<br />
As a result of her work for the National Youth Theatre, Mirren was invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (RSC). While with the RSC, she played Castiza in [[Trevor Nunn]]'s 1966 staging of ''[[The Revenger's Tragedy]]'', Diana in ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (1967), Cressida in ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'' (1968), Rosalind<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |title=Helen Mirren – Biography |website=[[TalkTalk Group|TalkTalk]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233618/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> in ''[[As You Like It]]'' (1968), Julia in ''[[The Two Gentlemen of Verona]]'' (1970), Tatiana in [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]]'s ''Enemies'' at the [[Aldwych Theatre|Aldwych]] (1971), and the title role in ''[[Miss Julie]]'' at [[The Other Place (theatre)|The Other Place]] (1971). She also appeared in four productions, directed by [[Braham Murray]] for Century Theatre at the University Theatre in Manchester, between 1965 and 1967.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Braham |author-link=Braham Murray |year=2007 |title=The Worst It Can Be Is a Disaster |location=London |publisher=Methuen Drama |isbn=978-0-7136-8490-2}}</ref><br />
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In 1970, the director and producer [[John Goldschmidt]] made a documentary film, ''Doing Her Own Thing'', about Mirren during her time with the Royal Shakespeare Company. Made for [[Associated TeleVision|ATV]], it was shown on the ITV network in the UK. In 1972 and 1973, Mirren worked with [[Peter Brook]]'s International Centre for Theatre Research and joined the group's tour in North Africa and the US, during which they created ''[[The Conference of the Birds]]''. She then rejoined the RSC, playing [[Lady Macbeth]] at [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre|Stratford]] in 1974 and at the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in 1975.<br />
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[[Sally Beauman]] reported, in her 1982 history of the RSC, that Mirren—while appearing in Nunn's ''Macbeth'' (1974), and in a letter to ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper—had sharply criticised both the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and the RSC for their lavish production expenditure, declaring it "unnecessary and destructive to the art of the Theatre", and adding, "The realms of truth, emotion and imagination reached for in acting a great play have become more and more remote, often totally unreachable across an abyss of costume and technicalities..." This started a big debate, and led to a question in parliament. There were no discernible repercussions for this rebuke of the RSC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/jul/23/helen-mirren-at-75-michael-billington |title=Helen Mirren at 75: wild costumes, blazing performances – and a spell as a rock banshee |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |first=Michael |last=Billington |date=23 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beauman |first=Sally |author-link=Sally Beauman |date=1982 |title=The Royal Shakespeare Company: A History of Ten Decades |url=https://archive.org/details/royalshakespeare00sall |url-access=registration |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19212-209-4}}</ref><br />
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===West End and RSC===<br />
At the [[West End theatre|West End]]'s [[Royal Court Theatre]] in September 1975, she played the role of a rock star named Maggie in ''[[Teeth 'n' Smiles (play)|Teeth 'n' Smiles]]'', a musical play by [[David Hare (dramatist)|David Hare]]; she reprised the role the following year in a revival of the play at [[Wyndham's Theatre]] in May 1976.<br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren at Met Opera.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the opening of the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in 2008]]<br />
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Beginning in November 1975, Mirren played in West End repertory with the Lyric Theatre Company as Nina in ''[[The Seagull]]'' and Ella in [[Ben Travers]]'s new farce ''The Bed Before Yesterday'' ("Mirren is stirringly voluptuous as the [[Jean Harlow|Harlowesque]] good-time girl": [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]], ''The Guardian''). At the RSC in Stratford in 1977, and at the Aldwych the following year, she played a steely Queen Margaret in [[Terry Hands]]' production of the three parts of ''[[Henry VI (play)|Henry VI]]'', while 1979 saw her 'bursting with grace', and winning acclaim for her performance as Isabella in [[Peter Gill (playwright)|Peter Gill]]'s production of ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' at [[Riverside Studios]].<br />
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In 1981, she returned to the Royal Court for the London premiere of [[Brian Friel]]'s ''[[Faith Healer]]''. That same year she also won acclaim for her performance in the title role of [[John Webster]]'s ''[[The Duchess of Malfi]]'', a production of Manchester's [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange Theatre]] which was later transferred to [[The Roundhouse]] in [[Chalk Farm]], London. Reviewing her portrayal for ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'', [[Francis King]] wrote: "Miss Mirren never leaves it in doubt that even in her absences, this ardent, beautiful woman is the most important character of the story." In her performance as Moll Cutpurse in ''[[The Roaring Girl]]''—at the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre]] in January 1983, and at the [[Barbican Theatre]] in April 1983—she was described as having "swaggered through the action with radiant singularity of purpose, filling in areas of light and shade that even [[Thomas Middleton]] and [[Thomas Dekker (poet)|Thomas Dekker]] omitted."&nbsp;– [[Michael Coveney]], ''[[Financial Times]]'', April 1983.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Philip |title=Becoming Helen Mirren |date=25 October 2019 |publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=roaring+girl| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of 1989, Mirren co-starred with [[Bob Peck]] at the [[Young Vic]] in the London premiere of the [[Arthur Miller]] double-bill, ''Two Way Mirror'', performances which prompted Miller to remark: "What is so good about English actors is that they are not afraid of the open expression of large emotions. British actors like to speak. In London, there’s a much more open-hearted kind of exchange between stage and audience" (interview by [[Sheridan Morley]]: ''[[The Times]]'' 11 January 1989).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bigsby |first1=Christopher |title=Arthur Miller: 1962-2005 |date=2011 |publisher=Hachette UK}}</ref> In ''[[Elegy for a Lady]]'' she played the svelte proprietress of a classy boutique, while as the blonde hooker in ''[[Some Kind of Love Story]]'' she was "clad in a Freudian slip and shifting easily from waif-like vulnerability to sexual aggression, giving the role a breathy Monroesque quality".<ref>{{cite news |title=The Coutours of Passion| newspaper=The Guardian| location=London| date=25 January 1989| page=46| last=Billington| first=Michael| url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259882155/ |access-date=22 October 2020 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><br />
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On 15 February 2013, at the West End's [[Gielgud Theatre]] she began a turn as [[Elizabeth II]] in the World Premiere of [[Peter Morgan]]'s ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |title=The Audience |website=Hit The Theatre.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232730/http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> The show was directed by [[Stephen Daldry]]. In April she was named best actress at the [[Olivier Awards]] for her role.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |title=Helen Mirren crowned queen of the stage |date=30 April 2013 |website=[[3 News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233730/http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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===Broadway debut===<br />
A further stage breakthrough came in 1994, in an [[Yvonne Arnaud Theatre]] production bound for the West End, when [[Bill Bryden]] cast her as Natalya Petrovna in [[Ivan Turgenev]]'s ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''. Her co-stars were [[John Hurt]] as her aimless lover Rakitin and [[Joseph Fiennes]] in only his second professional stage appearance as the cocksure young tutor Belyaev.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Month in the Country |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=4 March 1994 |newspaper=[[Richmond & Twickenham Times]] |quote=Instead of a bored Natalya fretting the summer away in dull frocks, Mirren, dazzlingly gowned, is a woman almost wilfully allowing her heart's desire for her son's young tutor to rule her head and wreak domestic havoc....Creamy shoulders bared, she feels free to launch into a gloriously enchanted, dreamily comic self-confession of love.}}</ref><br />
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Prior to 2015, Mirren had twice been nominated for Broadway's [[Tony Award]] for Best Actress in a Play: in 1995 for her Broadway debut in ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/26/theater/theater-review-turgenev-s-inquiry-into-calamitous-love.html |title=Theater Review; Turgenev's Inquiry Into Calamitous Love |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=26 April 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019 |quote=Miss Mirren's performance is bigger and more animated than the one she gave last year in an entirely different London production.}}</ref> and then again in 2002 for ''[[The Dance of Death (Strindberg)|The Dance of Death]]'', co-starring with Sir [[Ian McKellen]], their fraught rehearsal period coinciding with the terrorist attacks on New York on 11 September 2001.<ref name=autobiography/><br />
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On 7 June 2015‚ Mirren won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play‚ for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in ''The Audience'' (a performance which also won her the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best Actress). Her Tony Award win made her one of the few actors to achieve the US “[[Triple Crown of Acting#Helen Mirren|Triple Crown of Acting]]”, joining the ranks of acclaimed performers including [[Ingrid Bergman]]‚ Dame [[Maggie Smith]], and [[Al Pacino]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |work=Huffington Post |title=7 reasons to love Helen Mirren on her 70th birthday |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023072002/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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===National Theatre===<br />
In 1998, Mirren played [[Cleopatra]] to [[Alan Rickman]]'s [[Mark Antony|Antony]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]. The production received poor reviews; ''[[The Guardian]]'' called it "plodding spectacle rarely informed by powerful passion", while ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' said "the crucial sexual chemistry on which any great production ultimately depends is fatally absent".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=A case of hype and fall as Rickman and Mirren are put to the sword |last=Lister |first=David |date=23 October 1998 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2000 [[Nicholas Hytner]], who had worked with Mirren on the film version of ''[[The Madness of King George]]'', cast her as Lady Torrance in his revival of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[Orpheus Descending]]'' at the [[Donmar Warehouse]] in London. Michael Billington, reviewing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', described her performance as "an exemplary study of an immigrant woman who has acquired a patina of resilient toughness but who slowly acknowledges her sensuality."<ref>{{cite news |title=Southern discomfort |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/jun/29/artsfeatures4 |date=28 June 2000 |page=46 |access-date=1 March 2022 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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At the National Theatre in November 2003 she again won praise playing Christine Mannon ("defiantly cool, camp and skittish", ''[[Evening Standard]]''; "glows with mature sexual allure", ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'') in a revival of [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]'' directed by [[Howard Davies (Theatre Director)|Howard Davies]]. "This production was one of the best experiences of my professional life, The play was four and a half hours long, and I have never known that kind of response from an audience ... It was the serendipity of a beautifully cast play, with great design and direction, It will be hard to be in anything better."<ref name=autobiography/> She played the title role in [[Jean Racine]]'s ''[[Phèdre]]'' at the National in 2009, in a production directed by [[Nicholas Hytner]]. The production was also staged at the [[Epidaurus#Theatre|Epidaurus amphitheatre]] on 11 and 12 July 2009.<br />
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==Film career==<br />
Mirren has appeared in a large number of films throughout her career. Some of her earlier film appearances include roles in ''[[Herostratus (film)|Herostratus]]'' (1967, Dir. Don Levy), ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)|A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' (1968), ''[[Age of Consent (film)|Age of Consent]]'' (1969), ''[[O Lucky Man!]]'' (1973), ''[[Caligula (film)|Caligula]]'' (1979),<ref name="VF2015" /><ref name="peop_Hele" /> ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980)—co-starring with [[Bob Hoskins]] in what was her breakthrough film role,<ref name="BBC 2014">{{cite news| title=Dame Helen Mirren to receive Bafta fellowship| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-25911227| work=BBC News| date=27 January 2014| access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref> ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981), ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985), ''[[The Mosquito Coast (film)|The Mosquito Coast]]'' (1986), ''[[Pascali's Island (film)|Pascali's Island]]'' (1988) and ''[[When the Whales Came]]'' (1989). She appeared in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Some Mother's Son]]'' (1996), ''[[Painted Lady (mini series)|Painted Lady]]'' (1997) and ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="Mirren roles"/> In [[Peter Greenaway]]'s colorful ''[[The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover]]'', Mirren plays the wife opposite [[Michael Gambon]]. In ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), she plays sadistic history teacher Mrs Eve Tingle.<ref name="Mirren roles">{{cite news |title=All Helen Mirren's 61 movies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/02/all-helen-mirrens-61-movies-ranked |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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In 2007, she claimed that the director [[Michael Winner]] had treated her "like a piece of meat" at a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting call]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=David Cameron keeps his distance from film director Michael Winner |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=3 May 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=30 December 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Asked about the incident, Winner told ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I don't remember asking her to turn around but if I did I wasn't being serious. I was only doing what the [casting] agent asked me&nbsp;– and for this I get reviled! Helen's a lovely person, she's a great actress and I'm a huge fan, but her memory of that moment is a little flawed."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |title=Susan Sarandon, Gwyneth Paltrow, Charlize Theron & More Casting Couch Horror Stories |date=16 November 2012 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020104842/http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |archive-date=20 October 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren continued her successful film career when she starred in ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001) with [[Maggie Smith]] and ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003) with [[Julie Walters]]. Other more recent appearances include ''[[The Clearing (film)|The Clearing]]'' (2004), ''[[Pride (2004 film)|Pride]]'' (2004), ''[[Raising Helen]]'' (2004), and ''[[Shadowboxer]]'' (2005). Mirren also provided the voice for the supercomputer "[[Minor characters from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|Deep Thought]]" in the film adaptation of [[Douglas Adams]]'s ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' (2005). During her career, she has portrayed three British queens in different films and television series: [[Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 TV series)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), and [[Queen Charlotte|Charlotte]] in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994). She is the only actor to have portrayed both Queens Elizabeth on the screen.<ref name="BBC 2014"/><br />
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Mirren's title role of ''The Queen'' earned her numerous acting awards including a [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA]], a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Golden Globe]], and an [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Academy Award]], among many others. During her acceptance speech at the Academy Award ceremony, she praised and thanked Elizabeth II and stated that she had maintained her dignity and weathered many storms during her reign. Mirren later appeared in supporting roles in the films ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]'', ''[[Inkheart (film)|Inkheart]]'', ''[[State of Play (film)|State of Play]]'', and ''[[The Last Station]]'', for which she was nominated for an Oscar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |title=Nominees & Winners for the 82nd Academy Awards |date=24 August 2012 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411210003/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |archive-date=11 April 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2000–2009===<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren at the Orange British Academy Film Awards.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the [[60th British Academy Film Awards]] in 2007, where she won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]]]]<br />
Mirren's first film of the 2000s was [[Joel Hershman]]'s ''[[Greenfingers]]'' (2000), a comedy based on the true story about the prisoners of [[Leyhill Prison|HMP Leyhill]], a minimum-security prison, who won gardening awards.<ref name="Deitz">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/garden/free-to-grow-bluebells-in-england.html |title=Free to Grow Bluebells in England |last=Deitz |first=Paula |date=16 July 1998 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=13 |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren portrayed a devoted plantswoman in the film, who coaches a team of prison gardeners, led by [[Clive Owen]], to victory at a prestigious flower show.<ref name="Ramsey">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/22/movies/film-never-too-tough-to-be-softened-up-by-a-flower.html |title=Film; Never Too Tough to Be Softened Up by a Flower |last=Ramsey |first=Nancy |page=22 |date=22 July 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> The project received lukewarm reviews, which suggested that it added "nothing new to this already saturated genre" of [[Britcom|British feel-good films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greenfingers/ |title=Greenfingers (2000) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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The same year, she began work on the mystery film ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'', [[Sean Penn]]'s third directorial effort, in which she played a child psychologist. A critical success,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1104203-pledge |title=The Pledge (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> the [[ensemble film]] tanked at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/entertainment/1332122.stm |title=US directors laud Cannes audiences |date=15 May 2001 |website=BBC News |access-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> Also that year, she filmed the American-Icelandic satirical drama ''[[No Such Thing (film)|No Such Thing]]'' opposite [[Sarah Polley]]. Directed by [[Hal Hartley]], Mirren portrayed a soulless television producer in the film, who strives for sensationalistic stories. It was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/no_such_thing/ |title=No Such Thing (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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Her biggest critical and commercial success, released in 2001, became [[Robert Altman]]'s all-star ensemble mystery film ''[[Gosford Park]]''. A [[homage (arts)|homage]] to writer [[Agatha Christie]]'s [[whodunit]] style, the story follows a party of wealthy Britons and an American, and their servants, who gather for a shooting weekend at an [[English country house]], resulting in an unexpected murder. It received multiple awards and nominations, including a second [[Academy Award]] nomination and first [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Screen Actors Guild Award]] win for Mirren's portrayal of the sternly devoted head servant Mrs. Wilson.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/gosford-park-big-winner-article-1.485902 |title='Gosford Park' Big Winner |first=Jack |last=Mathews |date=11 March 2002 |newspaper=New York Daily News |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Fred Schepisi]]'s dramedy film ''[[Last Orders (film)|Last Orders]]'' opposite [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]].<ref name="Mirren roles"/><br />
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In 2003, Mirren starred in [[Nigel Cole]]'s comedy ''[[Calendar Girls]]'', inspired by the true story of a group of [[Yorkshire]] women who produced a [[nude calendar]] to raise money for [[Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research|Leukaemia Research]] under the auspices of the [[Women's Institutes]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/12/23/earlyshow/leisure/main590034.shtml |title=Helen Mirren's ''Calendar Girls'' |first=Rome |last=Neal |date=24 December 2003 |website=[[CBS News]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> Mirren initially was reluctant to join the project, dismissing it as another middling British picture,<ref name="mc1">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504225925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo&feature=related| archive-date=2017-05-04|title=2009&nbsp;– Movie Connections&nbsp;– Calendar Girls (2/4) |author=[[Movie Connections]] |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> but rethought her decision upon learning of the casting of co-star [[Julie Walters]].<ref name="mc1"/> The film was generally well received by critics, and grossed $96 million worldwide.<ref name="bom">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=calendargirls.htm |title=Calendar Girls (2003) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, the picture earned [[Satellite Award|Satellite]], [[Golden Globe]], and [[European Film Award]] nominations for Mirren.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0337909/awards |title=Awards for ''Calendar Girls'' |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> Her other film that year was the [[Showtime Networks|Showtime]] television film ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' opposite [[Olivier Martinez]], and [[Anne Bancroft]], based on the 1950 novel of the same title by [[Tennessee Williams]].<br />
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===2010–2014===<br />
In 2010, Mirren appeared in five films. In ''[[Love Ranch]]'', directed by her husband [[Taylor Hackford]], she portrayed [[Joe Conforte|Sally Conforte]], one half of a married couple who opened the first legal [[brothel]] in the US, the [[Mustang Ranch]] in [[Storey County, Nevada]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/04/helen_mirrens_brothel_movie_to.html |title=Helen Mirren's Brothel Movie to Open |last=Brown |first=Lane |date=6 April 2010 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren starred in the principal role of [[Prospero|Prospera]], the duchess of [[Milan]], in [[Julie Taymor]]'s ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]''. This was based on the [[The Tempest|play of the same name]] by [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]; Taymor changed the original character's gender to cast Mirren as her lead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |title=Mirren 'to star in Tempest film' |date=8 October 2008 |website=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111152135/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |archive-date=11 January 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While the actor garnered strong reviews for her portrayal, the film itself was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tempest |title=The Tempest (2010) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren at the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
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Mirren played a gutsy tea-shop owner who tries to save one of her young employees from marrying a teenage killer in [[Rowan Joffé]]'s ''[[Brighton Rock (2010 film)|Brighton Rock]]'', a [[crime film]] loosely based on [[Graham Greene]]'s 1938 [[Brighton Rock (novel)|novel]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |title=Helen Mirren: Interview |first=Ben |last=Walters |date=2 June 2015 |magazine=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128223000/http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |archive-date=28 January 2016 }}</ref> The [[film noir]] [[Film premiere|premiered]] at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] in September 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |title=At TIFF: ''Brighton Rock'' Extends the Graham Greene Adaptation Curse |first=Michelle |last=Orange |date=13 September 2010 |website=[[Movieline]] |access-date=27 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916205701/http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |archive-date=16 September 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> where it received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/movies/brighton-rock-film-of-graham-greene-novel-review.html |title=A Meek Rose Amid the Mods and Rockers in an English Resort Town |first=Stephen |last=Holden |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=25 August 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=27 August 2011 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mirren's biggest critical and commercial success of the year was [[Robert Schwentke]]'s ensemble action comedy ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'', based on [[Warren Ellis]]’s graphic novel, in which she portrayed Victoria, an ex-[[MI6]] assassin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |title=Casting Notes: Alan Cumming in Burlesque; Mirren Does Espionage; Dempsey Steals Laughs; Weaver and Shawkat Hit Cedar Rapids |first=Russ |last=Fischer |date=4 November 2009 |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=19 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122185818/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |archive-date=22 January 2010 }}</ref> Mirren was initially hesitant to sign on due to film's graphic violence, but changed her mind upon learning of [[Bruce Willis]]'s involvement.<ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |archive-date=10 December 2022 |title=Majestic Mirren |first=Emanuel |last=Levy |date=15 October 2010 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |location=London |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Released to positive reviews, it grossed $186.5 million worldwide.<ref name="mojo" >{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2010.htm |title=RED (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Also in 2010, the actor lent her voice to [[Zack Snyder]]'s computer-animated fantasy film ''[[Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole]]'', voicing [[antagonist]] Nyra, a leader of a group of owls. The film grossed $140.1 million on an $80 million budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=guardiansofgahoole.htm |title=Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=15 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's next film was the comedy film ''[[Arthur (2011 film)|Arthur]]'', a remake of the 1981 [[Arthur (1981 film)|film of the same name]], starring [[Russell Brand]] in the lead role. ''Arthur'' received generally negative reviews from critics, who declared it an "irritating, unnecessary remake."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/arthur_2011/ |title=Arthur (2011) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> In preparation for her role as a retired Israeli [[Mossad]] agent in the film ''[[The Debt (2011 film)|The Debt]]'', Mirren reportedly immersed herself in studies of Hebrew language, Jewish history, and [[Holocaust]] writing, including the life of [[Simon Wiesenthal]], while in Israel in 2009 for the filming of some of the movie's scenes. The film is a remake of a [[The Debt (2007 film)|2007 Israeli film of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/mirren-learning-hebrew-for-movie-role_1096343 |title=Mirren Learning Hebrew For Movie Role |date=27 February 2009 |website=[[ContactMusic.com]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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In 2012, Mirren played [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s wife [[Alma Reville]] in the 2012 biopic ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'', directed by [[Sacha Gervasi]] and based on [[Stephen Rebello]]'s non-fiction book ''[[Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho]]''. The film centres on the pair's relationship during the making of ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'', a controversial [[horror film]] that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker's career. It became a moderate arthouse success and garnered a lukewarm critical response from critics, who felt that it suffered from "tonal inconsistency and a lack of truly insightful retrospection."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/hitchcock |title=Hitchcock (2012) |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> Mirren was universally praised, however, with [[Roger Ebert]] noting that the film depended most on her portrayal, which he found to be "warm and effective."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=20 November 2012 |title=Hitchcock |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=21 November 2012 |archive-date=27 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127172340/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Her other film that year was ''[[The Door (2012 film)|The Door]]'', a claustrophobic drama film directed by [[István Szabó]], based on the Hungarian novel of the same name. Set at the height of [[communist]] rule in 1960s Hungary, the story of the adaptation centres on the abrasive influence that a mysterious housekeeper wields over her employer and successful novelist, played [[Martina Gedeck]]. Mirren found the role "difficult to play" and cited doing it as "one of the hardest things [she has] ever done."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/mirren-steps-through-a-new-door-20120718-22ahn.html |title=Mirren steps through a new door |first=Philippa |last=Hawker |date=19 July 2012 |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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[[File:HelenMirrenHWOFJan2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren receiving a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013]]<br />
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The following year, Mirren replaced [[Bette Midler]] in [[David Mamet]]'s biographical television film ''[[Phil Spector (film)|Phil Spector]]'' about [[Phil Spector|the American musician]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/22/phil-spector-s-jersey-girl-lawyer-meet-the-real-linda-kenney-baden.html |title=Phil Spector's Jersey Girl Lawyer: Meet the Real Linda Kenney Baden |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |date=22 March 2013 |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> The [[HBO]] film focuses on the relationship between Spector and his defence attorney Linda Kenney Baden, played by Mirren, during the first of his two [[Phil Spector#Murder conviction|murder trials for the death in 2003]] of [[Lana Clarkson]] in his California mansion. ''Spector'' received largely mixed to positive reviews from critics, particularly for Mirren and co-star [[Al Pacino]]'s performances, and was nominated for eleven [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, also winning Mirren a [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie|Screen Actors Guild Award]] at the [[20th Screen Actors Guild Awards|20th awards ceremony]]. The film drew criticism both from Clarkson's family and friends, who charged that the suicide defence was given more merit than it deserved, and from Spector's wife, who argued that Spector was portrayed as a "foul-mouthed megalomaniac" and a "minotaur".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2013/03/15/friends_of_lana_clarkson_protest_hbo_film_phil_spector/ |title=Friends of Lana Clarkson protest HBO film "Phil Spector" |last=Gupta |first=Prachi |date=15 March 2013 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref> Also in 2013, Mirren voiced the character of Dean Abigail Hardscrabble in [[Pixar]]'s computer-animated comedy film ''[[Monsters University]]'', which grossed $743 million against its estimated budget of $200 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monstersinc2.htm |title=Monsters University (2013) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=20 December 2013}}</ref> and reprised her role in the sequel film ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]''.<ref name="Mirren">{{cite web |url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |title=Helen Mirren Says She's Ready For 'Red' Sequel: 'Just Get Me The Script' |last=Warner |first=Kara |date=29 March 2011 |website=[[MTV News]] |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515150701/http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |archive-date=15 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The action comedy received a mixed reviews from film critics, who called it a "lackadaisical sequel",<ref name="TheWrap">{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/red-2-review-bruce-willis-sequel-dies-hard-lands-dull-thud-102681 |title='Red 2' Review: Bruce Willis Sequel Dies Hard, Lands With Dull Thud |last=Gilchrist |first=Todd |date=15 July 2013 |website=[[The Wrap]] |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref> but became another commercial success, making over $140 million worldwide.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=Red 2 (2013) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2.htm |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2014 was the comedy-drama ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' opposite the Indian actor [[Om Puri]]. Directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and produced by [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Oprah Winfrey]], the film is based on [[Richard C. Morais]]'s 2010 novel [[The Hundred-Foot Journey|with the same name]] and tells the story of a feud between two adjacent restaurants in a French town. Mirren garnered largely positive reviews for her performance of a snobby restaurateur, a role which she accepted as she was keen to play a French character, reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."<ref name="collider1">{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/helen-mirren-hundred-foot-journey-trumbo-interview/ |title=Helen Mirren Talks 'The Hundred-Foot Journey', Working with Om Puri, What She Looks For in Choosing Projects, 'Trumbo', and More |last1=Roberts |first1=Sheila |date=31 July 2014 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The film earned her another [[Golden Globe]] nomination and became a modest commercial success, grossing $88.9 million worldwide.<ref name=BOM2>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=100foot.htm |title=The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref><br />
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===2015–present===<br />
[[File:The Leisure Seeker 06 (36402080733).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren attending the premiere of ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' at the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
In 2015, Mirren reunited with her former assistant [[Simon Curtis (filmmaker)|Simon Curtis]] on ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'', co-starring [[Ryan Reynolds]].<ref name="collider1"/> The film was based on the true story of Jewish refugee [[Maria Altmann]] who, together with her young lawyer [[E. Randol Schoenberg|Randy Schoenberg]], fought the Austrian government to be reunited with [[Gustav Klimt]]'s painting of her aunt, the famous ''[[Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gustav-klimt-birthday-woman-in-gold_55a52d3de4b0a47ac15d61af |title=Gustav Klimt Painted Much More Than 'The Woman In Gold' |last1=Valentine |first1=Colin |date=14 July 2015 |website=[[HuffPost]] Arts & Culture |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics, although Mirren and Reynold's performances were widely praised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Woman in Gold (2015) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/woman_in_gold/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> A commercial success, ''Woman in Gold'' became one of the highest-grossing specialty films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/the-20-highest-grossing-indies-of-2015-a-running-list-1 |title=The 20 Highest Grossing Indies of 2015 (A Running List) |first=Kate |last=Erbland |date=29 December 2015 |website=Indiewire |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The same year, Mirren appeared in [[Gavin Hood]]'s thriller ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), in which she played as a military intelligence officer who leads a secret [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone]] mission to capture a terrorist group living in [[Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/aaron-paul-helen-mirren-join-colin-firth-in-thriller-eye-in-the-sky/ |title=Aaron Paul, Helen Mirren Join Colin Firth in Thriller 'Eye in the Sky' |last1=Sneider |first1=Jeff |date=16 May 2014 |website=The Wrap |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Jay Roach]]'s biographical drama ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'', co-starring [[Bryan Cranston]] and [[Diane Lane]]. The actor played [[Hedda Hopper]], the famous actor and [[gossip columnist]], in the film, which received generally positive reviews from critics and garnered her a 14th Golden Globe nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/trumbo/ |title=Trumbo (2015) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2016 was ''[[Collateral Beauty]]'', directed by [[David Frankel]]. Co-Starring [[Will Smith]], [[Keira Knightley]], and [[Kate Winslet]], the ensemble drama follows a man who copes with his daughter's death by writing letters to [[time]], [[death]], and [[love]]. The film earned largely negative reviews from critics, who called it "well-meaning but fundamentally flawed."<ref name="reviews">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/will-smith-collateral-beauty-lowest-box-office-opening-rotten-tomatoes-1201873153/ |title=How Critics' "Schoolyard Assault" On 'Collateral Beauty' Turned Ugly For Will Smith Pic |first=Anthony |last= D'Alessandro |date=18 December 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=reviews2>{{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/12/13/collateral-beauty-reviews-roundup/ |title=Collateral Beauty reviews: Will Smith movie slammed by critics |first=Danielle |last=Jackson |date=13 December 2016 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Mirren narrated ''[[Cries from Syria]]'', a [[documentary film]] about the [[Syrian Civil War]], directed by [[Evgeny Afineevsky]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/markets-festivals/hbo-cries-from-syria-1201957096/ |title=HBO Nabs 'Cries From Syria' Documentary Ahead of Sundance |first=Brent |last=Lang |date=10 January 2017 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> Also that year, she made an uncredited [[cameo appearance]] in [[F. Gary Gray]]'s ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'', the eighth instalment in the [[The Fast and the Furious |''Fast & Furious'']] franchise, playing Magdalene, the mother of Owen and [[Deckard Shaw]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1635570/how-helen-mirren-ended-up-in-the-fate-of-the-furious-according-to-vin-diesel |title=How Helen Mirren Ended Up In The Fate Of The Furious, According To Vin Diesel |first=Gregory |last=Wakeman |date=14 March 2017 |website=CinemaBlend |access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> Mirren had a larger role in director [[Paolo Virzì]]'s English-language debut ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'', based on the [[The Leisure Seeker (novel)|2009 novel of the same name]]. On set, she was reunited with [[Donald Sutherland]] with whom she had not worked again since ''[[Bethune: The Making of a Hero]]'' (1990),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/cannes-helen-mirren-and-donald-sutherland-to-topline-paolo-virzis-the-leisure-seeker-exclusive-1201772430/ |title=Cannes: Helen Mirren and Donald Sutherland to Topline Paolo Virzì's 'The Leisure Seeker' |first1=Nick |last1=Vivarelli |first2=Elsa |last2=Keslassy |date=12 May 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> portraying a terminally ill couple who escape from their retirement home and take one last cross-country adventure in a vintage van.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-donald-sutherland-team-up-for-the-leisure-seeker-cannes-1201754273/ |title=Helen Mirren & Donald Sutherland Team For 'The Leisure Seeker' – Cannes |first=Ali |last=Jaafar |date=12 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> At the [[75th Golden Globe Awards|75th awards ceremony]], Mirren received her 15th [[Golden Globe]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List |first=Rebecca |last=Rubin |date=11 December 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref><br />
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In 2018, Mirren portrayed heiress [[Sarah Winchester]] in the supernatural horror film ''[[Winchester (film)|Winchester]]'', directed by [[The Spierig Brothers]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-takes-aim-at-playing-firearm-heiress-in-hot-cannes-package-winchester-1201755962/ |title=Helen Mirren Takes Aim At Playing Firearm Heiress In Hot Cannes Package 'Winchester' |first=Mike Jr. |last=Fleming |date=14 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref> In the same year, she starred as Mother Ginger in Disney's adaptation of ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', titled ''[[The Nutcracker and the Four Realms]]'', directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and [[Joe Johnston]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/helen-mirren-nutcracker-disney-1201844942/ |title=Helen Mirren Joins Disney's 'The Nutcracker' |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=25 August 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> In 2019, she appeared in the ensemble film ''[[Berlin, I Love You]]'', the French crime thriller film ''[[Anna (2019 feature film)|Anna]]'', directed and written by [[Luc Besson]], and co-starred in the ''Fast and the Furious'' spin-off ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]''.<ref name="Oct2017V">{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/luc-besson-anna-helen-mirren-luke-evans-1202584144/ |title=Luc Besson Sets Next Film 'Anna' With Helen Mirren, Luke Evans |first1=Elsa |last1=Keslassy |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |date=9 October 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> In March 2021, she was cast as the villain Hespera in the superhero film ''[[Shazam! Fury of the Gods]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=March 23, 2021 |title='Shazam: Fury Of The Gods': Helen Mirren To Play Villain Hespera In Sequel |url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323221810/https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |archive-date=March 23, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2021 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref><br />
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Mirren portrayed [[Golda Meir]], prime minister of Israel 1969–1974, in a 2023 [[biopic]] entitled ''[[Golda (film)|Golda]]''. Reviewing the film in ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] wrote that "Mirren makes her terse, decisive, and ferociously alive."<ref>{{cite web|website=Variety|first=Owen|last=Gleiberman|title=Golda' Review: Helen Mirren Channels Golda Meir in a Tense Dramatization of the Yom Kippur War|url=https://variety.com/2023/film/reviews/golda-review-helen-mirren-golda-meir-1973-yom-kippur-war-1235529163/|date=February 20, 2023|accessdate=June 18, 2023}}</ref> She also appeared in the 2022 music video for [[Kendrick Lamar]]'s "[[Count Me Out (Kendrick Lamar song)|Count Me Out]]" as a therapist.<ref>{{Citation |title=Kendrick Lamar - Count Me Out |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GhhVHpPR_M |language=en |access-date=2022-12-22}}</ref><br />
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==Television career==<br />
===''Prime Suspect''===<br />
Mirren is known for her role as detective Jane Tennison in the widely viewed ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', a multiple award-winning television drama series that was noted for its high quality and popularity. Her portrayal of Tennison won her [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] between 1992 and 1994 (making her one of four actors to have received three consecutive [[BAFTA TV Awards]] for a role, alongside [[Robbie Coltrane]], [[Julie Walters]] and [[Michael Gambon]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/dame-helen-mirren-10-things-202365 |title=Dame Helen Mirren: 10 things you need to know about the Oscar nominated actress |date=18 February 2010 |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |location=London |access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> Primarily due to ''Prime Suspect'', in 2006 Mirren came 29th on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]’s poll of [[TV's 50 Greatest Stars]] voted by the British public.<ref name="Poll">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5142726.stm| title=ITV to salute '50 greatest stars'| date=3 July 2006| work=[[BBC News]]| access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><br />
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===Other roles===<br />
Mirren's other television performances include ''[[Cousin Bette]]'' (1971); ''[[BBC Television Shakespeare|As You Like It]]'' (1979); ''[[Blue Remembered Hills]]'' (1979); ''[[The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' episode "[[Dead Woman's Shoes (The Twilight Zone)|Dead Woman's Shoes]]" (1985); ''[[The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)|The Passion of Ayn Rand]]'' (1999), where her performance won her an [[Emmy]]; ''[[Door to Door (film)|Door to Door]]'' (2002); and ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' (2003). In 1976, she appeared with [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Alan Bates]] and [[Malcolm McDowell]] in a production of [[Harold Pinter]]'s ''[[The Collection (play)|The Collection]]'' as part of the ''[[Laurence Olivier Presents]]'' series. She also played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in 2005, in the television serial ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'', for [[Channel 4]] and [[HBO]], for which she received an [[Emmy Award]] and a [[Golden Globe Award]]. Mirren won another Emmy Award on 16 September 2007 for her role in ''[[Prime Suspect|Prime Suspect: The Final Act]]'' on PBS in the same category as in 2006. Mirren hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' on 9 April 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://watching-tv.ew.com/2011/04/10/saturday-night-live-helen-mirren-foo-fighters/ |title='Saturday Night Live' recap: Helen Mirren transcended a laugh-lite 'SNL' |last=Tucker |first=Ken |date=10 April 2011 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> In 2022, she portrayed Cara Dutton in the ''[[Yellowstone (American TV series)|Yellowstone]]'' spinoff ''[[1923 (TV series)|1923]]'', which also featured [[Harrison Ford]] and [[Timothy Dalton]].<br />
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==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren figure at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|upright|Waxwork of Mirren at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]<br />
Mirren lived with Northern Irish actor [[Liam Neeson]] during the early 1980s; they met while working on ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981). When interviewed by [[James Lipton]] for ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]'', Neeson said Mirren was instrumental in his getting an agent.<br />
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Mirren began dating American director [[Taylor Hackford]] in 1986. They were married on 31 December 1997 at the [[Ardersier]] Parish Church near [[Inverness]] in the [[Scottish Highlands]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Dame Helen Mirren fights sewage plant plan in quiet fishing village where she got married |date=30 May 2016 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 January 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> They met on the set of ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985). It is her first marriage and his third. (He has two children from his previous marriages.) She has no children, stating she has "no maternal instinct whatsoever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/mirren%20i%20have%20no%20maternal%20instinct_1023284 |title=Mirren: 'I Have No Maternal Instinct' |date=26 February 2007 |website=Contactmusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's autobiography, ''In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures'', was published in the UK by [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] in September 2007. Reviewing for ''[[The Stage]]'', John Thaxter wrote: "Sumptuously illustrated, at first sight it looks like another of those photo albums of the stars. But between the pictures there are almost 200 pages of densely printed text, an unusually frank story of her private and professional life, mainly in the theatre, the words clearly Mirren's own, delivered with forthright candour."<ref>{{cite news |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=1 November 2007 |newspaper=The Stage}}</ref><br />
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In 1990, Mirren said in an interview that she was an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sunday Review Pages: Helen Mirren interview |last=Garfield |first=Simon |date=25 November 1990 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |page=27 |quote=Sometimes I feel like a farmer during a war, someone who doesn't know very much about it and carries on digging, hoping for rain. But just the last few days I've had this terrible feeling of... doom. It's a, er, [[Bible|biblical]], kind of [[Old Testament]] feeling. I'm an atheist, but I was suddenly thinking of those stories of the flood and punishment. Because we've become unbelievably greedy and destructive.}}</ref> In the August 2011 issue of ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', she said, "I am quite spiritual. I believed in fairies when I was a child. I still do sort of believe in the [[fairies]]. And the [[leprechauns]]. But I don't believe in God."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/helen-mirren-quotes-0811 |title=Helen Mirren: What I've Learned |last=Fussman |first=Cal |date=7 July 2011 |magazine=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |access-date=8 January 2013}}</ref><br />
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In a 2008 interview with ''[[GQ]]'', Mirren revealed she was [[date rape]]d as a student, and had often taken [[cocaine]] at parties in her twenties and until the 1980s.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/09/01/helen.mirren.rape/index.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren in date-rape revelation |date=1 September 2008 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref><ref name=indie>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Mirren talks of her date-rapes, then provokes furore with views on sex attackers |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |date=1 September 2008 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref> She stopped using it after reading that [[Klaus Barbie]] made a living from cocaine dealing.<ref name=cnn/><ref name=indie/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7591142.stm |title=Dame Helen in cocaine admission |date=1 September 2008 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901101327/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2008 |title='The Queen' actress Dame Helen Mirren reveals former love of cocaine |last=Simpson |first=Aislinn |date=31 August 2008 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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On 11 May 2010, Mirren attended the unveiling of her waxwork at [[Madame Tussauds]] in London. In 2012, she was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]] to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork—The Beatles' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' album cover—to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admired.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited |title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday |first=Caroline |last=Davies |date=2 April 2012 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026 |title=Sir Peter Blake's new Beatles' Sgt Pepper's album cover |date=2 April 2012 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2010, she was named Sexiest Woman Alive by ''Esquire'', and in a 2011 photo shoot for the magazine, she stripped down and covered up with the [[Union Jack]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Helen Mirren shows off her patriotism in Esquire photo shoot |date=15 July 2011 |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/helen-mirren-shows-off-her-patriotism-in-esquire-photo-shoot.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAL-vIbYr3zdTdvehdRUc0lnYjJRXjrH4_m5WPohtumjKkQF5ZjHQLJtDu-wBH128akA-SIGhwuqIxJGGVah71ko93k0SrMjCBGWYNe6o4pAX1bMxdQKNuPUDWP0gRMadkT21jNy7mPWtoRB9gY_JEBadANEeCY_pMxeHk9kSdO2G |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref><br />
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In 2013, Mirren was announced as one of several new models for [[Marks & Spencer]]'s "Womanism" campaign. Subtitled "Britain's leading ladies", the campaign featured Mirren alongside British women from various fields, including pop singer [[Ellie Goulding]], double Olympic gold medal-winning boxer [[Nicola Adams]], and writer [[Monica Ali]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/aug/19/marks-spencer-new-ad-annie-leibowitz |title=Marks & Spencer's new ad: what does it mean? |first=Lauren |last=Cochrane |date=19 August 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In March 2013, ''The Guardian'' listed Mirren as one of the 50 Best-Dressed Over 50.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s |title=The 50 best-dressed over 50s |first=Jess |last=Cartner-Morley |date=29 March 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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She told the ''[[Radio Times]]'', "I'm a [[naturism|naturist]] at heart. I love being on beaches where everyone is naked. Ugly people, beautiful people, old people, whatever. It's so unisexual and so liberating."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-09-19/celebrity-nudists-the-stars-who-like-to-let-it-all-hang-out |title=Celebrity nudists: the stars who like to let it all hang out |date=19 September 2014 |magazine=Radio Times |location=London |access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref> In 2004, she was named Naturist of the Year by [[British Naturism]]. She said: "Many thanks to British Naturism for this great honour. I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!"<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |title=Dame Helen Mirren named 'Naturist of the Year' |date=8 January 2012 |publisher=British Naturism |access-date=26 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004094251/http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |archive-date=4 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2006, Mirren stated that she was never a member of any [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|political party]].<ref name="independent">{{cite web |title=Helen Mirren: Her crowning achievement |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |work=The Independent |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708131908/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |archive-date=8 July 2022 |date=18 August 2006 |quote="I've never been a member of Labour, or any political party for that matter, but in 1997 I wanted to get rid of the Conservatives; wanted to get rid of that appalling lot." |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirren became a [[U.S. citizen]] in 2017 and voted in her first U.S. election in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/oscar-winner-tahoe-resident-helen-mirren-casts-1st-american-vote |title=Oscar winner, Tahoe resident Helen Mirren casts 1st American vote| date=15 October 2020 |newspaper=Tahoe Daily Tribune |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |newspaper=[[Record-Courier (Nevada)|The Record-Courier]] |location=[[Gardnerville, Nevada]] |title='The Queen' casts her ballot in Minden |date=17 October 2020 |last=Hildebrand |first=Kurt |access-date=18 October 2020 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116061403/https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She supported Patricia Ackerman in her campaign against [[Mark Amodei]] in {{ushr|NV|2}}.<ref name="democrat">{{cite web |last1=Jackson |first1=Hugh |title=Helen Mirren for governor |url=https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |publisher=Nevada Current |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022204617/https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |archive-date=22 October 2020 |date=22 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2021, she took part in the [[music video]] "La Vacinada" (meaning ''the vaccinated woman'' in broken [[Spanish language]]) of Italian comedian and singer [[Checco Zalone]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/checco-zalone-pokes-fun-at-helen-mirrens-age-in-viral-video-9xgd0q99d| title=Checco Zalone pokes fun at Helen Mirren's age in viral video| newspaper=The Times| location=London| date=1 May 2021| access-date=2 May 2021| url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
In the song and video, Zalone jokes about the fact that, in times of [[Covid-19 pandemic]], it is safer to have an [[affair]] with someone who has already been [[vaccinated]] against the [[virus]], and as [[the elderly]] get vaccinated first, an older partner (played by Mirren in the video) is now the best choice.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='The Telegraph' recap: Helen Mirren joins Italy's best known comic in light-hearted sketch to promote Covid-19 vaccine |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=30 April 2021 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph | location=London |access-date=30 April 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Acting credits==<br />
{{main|Helen Mirren on screen and stage}}<br />
<br />
==Awards and honours==<br />
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren}}<br />
<br />
Among her major competitive awards, Mirren has won one [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]], four [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA Awards]], three [[Golden Globe Awards]], five [[Emmy Awards]], and one [[Tony Awards|Tony Award]]. Her numerous honorary awards include the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] and Gala Tribute presented by the [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]].<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/45th-chaplin-award-gala-will-honor-helen-mirren/ |title=45th Chaplin Award Gala Will Honor Helen Mirren |website=Film Society of Lincoln Center |date=14 October 2017 |access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]] in December.<ref name="Damehood"/><ref name="Ceremony"/> In January 2009, Mirren was named on ''[[The Times]]''' list of the top 10 British actresses of all time. The list included [[Julie Andrews]], [[Helena Bonham Carter]], [[Judi Dench]] and [[Audrey Hepburn]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5502980.ece |title=The best British film actresses of all time |date=12 January 2009 |newspaper=The Times |location=London | first=James | last=Christopher | access-date=27 May 2020 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Mirren| first=Helen| title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BoEtOA98XQAC| publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]| year=2011| isbn=978-1-4165-7341-8}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of British actors]]<br />
* [[List of British Academy Award nominees and winners]]<br />
* [[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]<br />
* [[List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="VF2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/11/helen-mirren-nude-scene |title=Helen Mirren Reveals The One Nude Scene She Didn't Mind Filming |last=Miller |first=Julie |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<ref name="peop_Hele">{{cite web |url=http://www.people.com/article/helen-mirren-talks-nude-scenes |title=Helen Mirren Reveals Her Favorite Nude Scenes Were for Caligula: 'Everyone Was Naked' |last=McNiece |first=Mia |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=People |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Ward| first=Philip| date=October 25, 2019| title=Becoming Helen Mirren| publisher=Troubador Press| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=becoming+helen+mirren| access-date=March 1, 2022}} A survey of the actor's early career.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{sister project links|b=no|commons=Category:Helen Mirren|d=Q349391|n=no|q=Helen Mirren|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|545}}<br />
* {{IBDB name|53256}}<br />
* {{Playbill person|helen-mirren-vault-0000099983}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|260}}<br />
* {{NYTtopic|people/m/helen_mirren}}<br />
<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Awards for Helen Mirren]]<br />
|list =<br />
{{AcademyAwardBestActress 2001-2020}}<br />
{{AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Grownup Love Story}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actress 2000-2019}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{British Academy Television Award for Best Actress 1980-1999}}<br />
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards}}<br />
{{Prix d'interprétation féminine 1980–1999}}<br />
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{DramaDesk PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActress 1976-2000}}<br />
{{European Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{European Film Academy Achievement in World Cinema Award}}<br />
{{Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Lincoln Center Gala Tribute}}<br />
{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureDrama 2001-2020}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressTVMiniseriesFilm}}<br />
{{GoldenOrangeHonoraryAward}}<br />
{{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}}<br />
{{Honorary Golden Bear}}<br />
{{OlivierAward PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress 2001-present}}<br />
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{RTS Programme Award for Best Performance by a Female Actor}}<br />
{{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Motion Picture}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Television Miniseries or Film}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Supporting Actress Series Miniseries or Television Film}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleLeadMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleSupportMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleTVMiniseriesMovie}}<br />
{{Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award}}<br />
{{Stanislavsky Award}}<br />
{{St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{TonyAward PlayLeadActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{TFCA Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Volpi Cup for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
{{British Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirren, Helen}}<br />
[[Category:1945 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses awarded damehoods]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Essex]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Middlesex University]]<br />
[[Category:Audiobook narrators]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award (television) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actress Golden Globe winners]]<br />
[[Category:British naturists]]<br />
[[Category:Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:American atheists]]<br />
[[Category:American film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:American stage actresses]]<br />
[[Category:American television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:American people of English descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Russian descent]]<br />
[[Category:English atheists]]<br />
[[Category:English film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Russian descent]]<br />
[[Category:English radio actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English Shakespearean actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English stage actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English voice actresses]]<br />
[[Category:European Film Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:Golden Orange Honorary Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Honorary Golden Bear recipients]]<br />
[[Category:Laurence Olivier Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:National Youth Theatre members]]<br />
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Hammersmith]]<br />
[[Category:People from Westcliff-on-Sea]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]]<br />
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Mirren&diff=1169479410Helen Mirren2023-08-09T09:27:32Z<p>SteveCrook: LEASE READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men ~~~~</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|English actor (born 1945)}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Dame]]<br />
| name = Helen Mirren<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}}<br />
| image = Helen Mirren-2208 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Mirren in 2020<br />
| alt = Mirren at the 2020 Berlin International Film Festival<br />
| birth_name = Helen Lydia Mironoff<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1945|7|26}}<br />
| birth_place = London, England<!--No boroughs/neighbourhoods, just cities per format.--><br />
| citizenship = {{hlist|United Kingdom|United States}}<br />
| occupation = Actor<!-- READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR, it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --><br />
| years_active = 1965–present<br />
| works = [[Helen Mirren on screen and stage|Full list]]<br />
| partner = [[Liam Neeson]] (1980–1985)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/movies/helen-mirren-says-she-and-ex-liam-neeson-loved-each-other-but-were-not-meant-to-be-together/|title=Helen Mirren Says She and Ex Liam Neeson 'Loved Each Other' But 'Were Not Meant to Be Together'|date=2022-11-22|access-date=2023-01-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/movies/liam-neeson-helen-mirren-talk-past-relationship/|title=Liam Neeson Recalls First Falling for Former Flame Helen Mirren: 'I Was Smitten'|date=2018-01-19|access-date=2023-01-28}}</ref><br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Taylor Hackford]]|31 December 1997}}<br />
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Simon Mirren]] (nephew)|[[Tania Mallet]] (cousin)|[[Rio Hackford]] (stepson)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/rio-hackford-dead-mandalorian-1235233527/|title=Rio Hackford, Club Owner and Actor, Dies at 52|first=Pat|last=Saperstein|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=15 April 2022|access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>|[[Mikhail Kamensky]] (great-great-great-great-grandfather)}}<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Full list]]<br />
| website = {{URL|helenmirren.com}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Dame Helen Mirren''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} (born '''Helen Lydia Mironoff'''; 26 July 1945) is an English<!--as per [[MOS:BIO]]; became notable as English and not British-American--> actor.<!--PLEASE READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --> She is the recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|numerous accolades]] and is the only performer to have achieved both [[Triple Crown of Acting|the American]] and [[Triple Crown (UK entertainment)|the British]] Triple Crowns of Acting. Mirren has received an [[Academy Award]] and a [[British Academy Film Award]] for her portrayal of [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'', a [[Tony Award]] and a [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for portraying the same character in ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]'', three [[British Academy Television Awards]] for her performance as DCI Jane Tennison in ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]], and a [[Children's and Family Emmy Award]].<br />
<br />
Mirren's stage performance as [[Cleopatra]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[National Youth Theatre]] in 1965 provided her an opportunity to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]], before making her [[West End theatre|West End]] stage debut in 1975. She subsequently went on to achieve success in film and television, appearing in films such as ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001), and ''[[The Last Station]]'' (2009), receiving Academy Award nominations for each of those performances. For her role on ''Prime Suspect'', which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] (1992, 1993 and 1994)—a record of consecutive wins shared with Dame [[Julie Walters]]—and two [[Primetime Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/helen-mirren |title=Helen Mirren |website=[[Emmy Award]] |access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> She played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 TV series)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), and [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in the film ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006); she is the only actor to have portrayed both of the regnant Elizabeths on screen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Helen Mirren, at 75, remains the queen of acting |url=https://www.dw.com/en/why-helen-mirren-at-75-remains-the-queen-of-acting/a-52429296 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
After her breakthrough role in ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980), Mirren appeared in a variety of other films including ''[[Cal (1984 film)|Cal]]'' (1984), for which she won the [[Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress]], ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover]]'' (1989), ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003), ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]'' (2010), ''[[The Debt (2010 film)|The Debt]]'' (2010), ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'' (2012), ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' (2014), ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'' (2015), ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'' (2015), and ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' (2017). She has also appeared in several action films such as ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'' (2010) and its sequel ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]'' (2013), as well as in the ''[[Fast & Furious]]'' film franchise ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'' (2017), ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]'' (2019), and ''[[F9 (film)|F9]]'' (2021).<br />
<br />
In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref name="Damehood">{{London Gazette|issue=56963|supp=y|page=7 |date=14 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Ceremony">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |title=Dame Helen centre stage at palace |date=5 December 2003 |website=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725070213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |archive-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> <br />
She's received numerous honours including a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013,<ref name="Walk of fame">{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |title=Helen Mirren Gets Hollywood Walk of Fame Star |date=4 January 2013 |website=[[Sky News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116224406/http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement in 2014,<ref name="bafta.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/helen-mirren-fellowship-2014,4076,BA.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren&nbsp;– BAFTA Fellow in 2014 |date=26 January 2014 |website=BAFTA |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> and [[Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award]] in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grater |first1=Tom |title=Helen Mirren To Receive SAG Life Achievement Award |url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/helen-mirren-sag-life-achievement-award-1234876685/ |website=Deadline |date=18 November 2021 |access-date=November 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
<!-- Although it is common to have an 'a' at the end of a woman's patronymic, when Russian families moved to the UK, they often "froze" their surnames and didn't follow the old patronymic rules any more. The same applies to other nationalities like Icelandic and those from Nordic countries. Had she been born in Russia, Helen Mirren likely would have been named Yelena or Ilyena Vasilyeva Mironova. But she was born in the UK and was named Helen Lydia Mironoff --><br />
Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff on 26 July 1945<ref name="biography.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/helen-mirren-547434 |title=Helen Mirren Biography: Actress (1945–) |website=[[Biography.com]] |publisher=[[FYI (TV network)|FYI]]/[[A&E Networks]] |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=ker>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002fa_fact1 |title=Command Performance: The reign of Helen Mirren |last=Lahr |first=John |date=2 October 2006 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=24 October 2010}}</ref> at [[Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital]] in the [[Hammersmith]] district of London,<ref name=birth>{{cite web |url=http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=bmd%2fb%2f1945%2f3%2faz%2f000858%2f014 |title=England & Wales births 1837–2006 Transcription |website=[[Findmypast]] |access-date=6 June 2016 |quote=Her birth was registered in the Hammersmith registration district |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='Whenever I see the Queen, I think, "Oh ... there I am"': The right royal progress of Helen Mirren |first=Neil |last=Norman |date=10 March 2013 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> to an English mother and Russian father.<ref name=nationsmemory>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |title=Helen Mirren |website=Nation's Memorybank |access-date=5 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207044313/http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref> Her mother, Kathleen "Kitty" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (née Rogers; 1908–1996), was a working-class woman from [[West Ham]], the thirteenth of fourteen children born to a butcher whose own father was the butcher to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name=nationsmemory/>{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=34}} Mirren's father, Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913–1980), was a member of an exiled family of the [[Russian nobility]]; he was taken to England when he was two by his father, Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov.<ref name=nationsmemory/> Pyotr Mironov, who owned a family estate near Gzhatsk (now [[Gagarin, Smolensk Oblast|Gagarin]]), was part of the Russian aristocracy. His mother, Mirren's great-grandmother, was Countess Lydia Andreevna Kamenskaya, an aristocrat and a descendant of [[Mikhail Kamensky|Count Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky]], a prominent Russian general in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=ker/><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/news/tn-vsl-xpm-2006-09-28-lap-queen0921-story.html| title=Behind the Scene:God Save The Queen| date=28 September 2006| newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Susan E.| last=James}}</ref> Pyotr Mironov served as a colonel in the [[Imperial Russian Army]] and fought in the 1904 [[Russo-Japanese War]]. He became a diplomat and was negotiating an arms deal in Britain when he and his family were stranded by the [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917.<ref name="NYTJacobs">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212214734/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-date=12 February 2020| url-status=bot: unknown| title=Helen Mirren Plays Catherine II in the Years That Made Her 'the Great'| date=21 October 2019| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Julia| last=Jacobs| url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222071030/http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-date=22 February 2019 |title=Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov Collection: The Russian Government Committee in London (1914–1939) |date=11 September 2009 |website=University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies Library |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> He settled in England and became a London cab driver to support his family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/helen-mirrens-in-the-prime-of-life-7239430.html |title=Helen Mirren's in the prime of life |date=13 July 2017 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Vasily Mironoff also played the viola with the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] before [[World War II]].<ref name=nationsmemory/> He was an ambulance driver during the war, and served in the [[East End of London]] during [[the Blitz]].{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=22}} He and Kathleen Rogers married in Hammersmith in 1938, and at some point before 1951 he anglicised his first name to Basil.<ref name=Gazette/> Shortly after Helen's birth, her father left the orchestra and returned to driving a cab to support the family. He later worked as a driving-test examiner, then became a civil servant with the [[Department for Transport|Ministry of Transport]].<ref name="biography.com"/><ref name=nationsmemory/> In 1951, he changed the family name to Mirren by [[deed poll]].<ref name=Gazette>{{London Gazette |date=12 October 1951 |issue=39356 |page= 5331 |supp=y}}</ref> Mirren considers her upbringing to have been "very anti-monarchist".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |title=Helen Mirren, British Royal Tea? |first=Natalie |last=Finn |date=26 February 2007 |website=[[E! News]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012090005/http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |archive-date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> She was the second of three children; she has an older sister Katherine ("Kate"; born 1942) and had a younger brother Peter Basil (1947–2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/189510/helen-mirren-fondly-remembers-late-costar-alan-rickman |title=Helen Mirren fondly remembers late costar Alan Rickman |last=Nepales |first=Ruben V. |date=7 February 2016 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |location=Manila |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Her paternal cousin was [[Tania Mallet]], a model and [[Bond girl]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47772012 |title=Goldfinger actress dies aged 77 |date=1 April 2019 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Mirren was brought up in [[Leigh-on-Sea]], Essex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Helen Mirren interview |last=Piccalo |first=Gina |date=7 February 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=6 November 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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Mirren attended Hamlet Court primary school in [[Westcliff-on-Sea]], where she had the lead role in a school production of ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]'',{{sfn|Mirren|2011|pp=47–48}}<ref name=autobiography>{{cite book |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |first=Helen |last=Mirren |date=25 March 2008 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |isbn=978-1-41656-760-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/inframemylifeinw0000mirr }}</ref> and [[St Bernard's High School for Girls]] in [[Southend-on-Sea]], where she also acted in school productions. She subsequently attended a teaching college, the [[Middlesex University|New College of Speech and Drama]] in London, "housed within [[Anna Pavlova]]'s old home, Ivy House" on [[North End Road, Golders Green|North End Road]] in [[Golders Green]]. At the age of eighteen, she passed the audition for the [[National Youth Theatre]] (NYT); and at twenty, she played [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra]] in the NYT production of ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Old Vic]], a role which she says "launched my career" and led to her signing with agent [[Albert Parker (director)|Al Parker]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Fame Academy: Where Daniel Craig, Helen Mirren and Colin Firth learned to act |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=22 April 2020 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Waterman |first=Ivan |date=2003 |title=Helen Mirren: The Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Metro Books |pages=[https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 18–22, 26–29] |isbn=1843580535 }}</ref><br />
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==Theatre career==<br />
===Early years===<br />
As a result of her work for the National Youth Theatre, Mirren was invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (RSC). While with the RSC, she played Castiza in [[Trevor Nunn]]'s 1966 staging of ''[[The Revenger's Tragedy]]'', Diana in ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (1967), Cressida in ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'' (1968), Rosalind<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |title=Helen Mirren – Biography |website=[[TalkTalk Group|TalkTalk]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233618/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> in ''[[As You Like It]]'' (1968), Julia in ''[[The Two Gentlemen of Verona]]'' (1970), Tatiana in [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]]'s ''Enemies'' at the [[Aldwych Theatre|Aldwych]] (1971), and the title role in ''[[Miss Julie]]'' at [[The Other Place (theatre)|The Other Place]] (1971). She also appeared in four productions, directed by [[Braham Murray]] for Century Theatre at the University Theatre in Manchester, between 1965 and 1967.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Braham |author-link=Braham Murray |year=2007 |title=The Worst It Can Be Is a Disaster |location=London |publisher=Methuen Drama |isbn=978-0-7136-8490-2}}</ref><br />
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In 1970, the director and producer [[John Goldschmidt]] made a documentary film, ''Doing Her Own Thing'', about Mirren during her time with the Royal Shakespeare Company. Made for [[Associated TeleVision|ATV]], it was shown on the ITV network in the UK. In 1972 and 1973, Mirren worked with [[Peter Brook]]'s International Centre for Theatre Research and joined the group's tour in North Africa and the US, during which they created ''[[The Conference of the Birds]]''. She then rejoined the RSC, playing [[Lady Macbeth]] at [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre|Stratford]] in 1974 and at the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in 1975.<br />
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[[Sally Beauman]] reported, in her 1982 history of the RSC, that Mirren—while appearing in Nunn's ''Macbeth'' (1974), and in a letter to ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper—had sharply criticised both the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and the RSC for their lavish production expenditure, declaring it "unnecessary and destructive to the art of the Theatre", and adding, "The realms of truth, emotion and imagination reached for in acting a great play have become more and more remote, often totally unreachable across an abyss of costume and technicalities..." This started a big debate, and led to a question in parliament. There were no discernible repercussions for this rebuke of the RSC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/jul/23/helen-mirren-at-75-michael-billington |title=Helen Mirren at 75: wild costumes, blazing performances – and a spell as a rock banshee |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |first=Michael |last=Billington |date=23 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beauman |first=Sally |author-link=Sally Beauman |date=1982 |title=The Royal Shakespeare Company: A History of Ten Decades |url=https://archive.org/details/royalshakespeare00sall |url-access=registration |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19212-209-4}}</ref><br />
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===West End and RSC===<br />
At the [[West End theatre|West End]]'s [[Royal Court Theatre]] in September 1975, she played the role of a rock star named Maggie in ''[[Teeth 'n' Smiles (play)|Teeth 'n' Smiles]]'', a musical play by [[David Hare (dramatist)|David Hare]]; she reprised the role the following year in a revival of the play at [[Wyndham's Theatre]] in May 1976.<br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren at Met Opera.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the opening of the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in 2008]]<br />
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Beginning in November 1975, Mirren played in West End repertory with the Lyric Theatre Company as Nina in ''[[The Seagull]]'' and Ella in [[Ben Travers]]'s new farce ''The Bed Before Yesterday'' ("Mirren is stirringly voluptuous as the [[Jean Harlow|Harlowesque]] good-time girl": [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]], ''The Guardian''). At the RSC in Stratford in 1977, and at the Aldwych the following year, she played a steely Queen Margaret in [[Terry Hands]]' production of the three parts of ''[[Henry VI (play)|Henry VI]]'', while 1979 saw her 'bursting with grace', and winning acclaim for her performance as Isabella in [[Peter Gill (playwright)|Peter Gill]]'s production of ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' at [[Riverside Studios]].<br />
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In 1981, she returned to the Royal Court for the London premiere of [[Brian Friel]]'s ''[[Faith Healer]]''. That same year she also won acclaim for her performance in the title role of [[John Webster]]'s ''[[The Duchess of Malfi]]'', a production of Manchester's [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange Theatre]] which was later transferred to [[The Roundhouse]] in [[Chalk Farm]], London. Reviewing her portrayal for ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'', [[Francis King]] wrote: "Miss Mirren never leaves it in doubt that even in her absences, this ardent, beautiful woman is the most important character of the story." In her performance as Moll Cutpurse in ''[[The Roaring Girl]]''—at the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre]] in January 1983, and at the [[Barbican Theatre]] in April 1983—she was described as having "swaggered through the action with radiant singularity of purpose, filling in areas of light and shade that even [[Thomas Middleton]] and [[Thomas Dekker (poet)|Thomas Dekker]] omitted."&nbsp;– [[Michael Coveney]], ''[[Financial Times]]'', April 1983.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Philip |title=Becoming Helen Mirren |date=25 October 2019 |publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=roaring+girl| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of 1989, Mirren co-starred with [[Bob Peck]] at the [[Young Vic]] in the London premiere of the [[Arthur Miller]] double-bill, ''Two Way Mirror'', performances which prompted Miller to remark: "What is so good about English actors is that they are not afraid of the open expression of large emotions. British actors like to speak. In London, there’s a much more open-hearted kind of exchange between stage and audience" (interview by [[Sheridan Morley]]: ''[[The Times]]'' 11 January 1989).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bigsby |first1=Christopher |title=Arthur Miller: 1962-2005 |date=2011 |publisher=Hachette UK}}</ref> In ''[[Elegy for a Lady]]'' she played the svelte proprietress of a classy boutique, while as the blonde hooker in ''[[Some Kind of Love Story]]'' she was "clad in a Freudian slip and shifting easily from waif-like vulnerability to sexual aggression, giving the role a breathy Monroesque quality".<ref>{{cite news |title=The Coutours of Passion| newspaper=The Guardian| location=London| date=25 January 1989| page=46| last=Billington| first=Michael| url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259882155/ |access-date=22 October 2020 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><br />
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On 15 February 2013, at the West End's [[Gielgud Theatre]] she began a turn as [[Elizabeth II]] in the World Premiere of [[Peter Morgan]]'s ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |title=The Audience |website=Hit The Theatre.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232730/http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> The show was directed by [[Stephen Daldry]]. In April she was named best actress at the [[Olivier Awards]] for her role.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |title=Helen Mirren crowned queen of the stage |date=30 April 2013 |website=[[3 News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233730/http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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===Broadway debut===<br />
A further stage breakthrough came in 1994, in an [[Yvonne Arnaud Theatre]] production bound for the West End, when [[Bill Bryden]] cast her as Natalya Petrovna in [[Ivan Turgenev]]'s ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''. Her co-stars were [[John Hurt]] as her aimless lover Rakitin and [[Joseph Fiennes]] in only his second professional stage appearance as the cocksure young tutor Belyaev.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Month in the Country |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=4 March 1994 |newspaper=[[Richmond & Twickenham Times]] |quote=Instead of a bored Natalya fretting the summer away in dull frocks, Mirren, dazzlingly gowned, is a woman almost wilfully allowing her heart's desire for her son's young tutor to rule her head and wreak domestic havoc....Creamy shoulders bared, she feels free to launch into a gloriously enchanted, dreamily comic self-confession of love.}}</ref><br />
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Prior to 2015, Mirren had twice been nominated for Broadway's [[Tony Award]] for Best Actress in a Play: in 1995 for her Broadway debut in ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/26/theater/theater-review-turgenev-s-inquiry-into-calamitous-love.html |title=Theater Review; Turgenev's Inquiry Into Calamitous Love |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=26 April 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019 |quote=Miss Mirren's performance is bigger and more animated than the one she gave last year in an entirely different London production.}}</ref> and then again in 2002 for ''[[The Dance of Death (Strindberg)|The Dance of Death]]'', co-starring with Sir [[Ian McKellen]], their fraught rehearsal period coinciding with the terrorist attacks on New York on 11 September 2001.<ref name=autobiography/><br />
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On 7 June 2015‚ Mirren won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play‚ for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in ''The Audience'' (a performance which also won her the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best Actress). Her Tony Award win made her one of the few actors to achieve the US “[[Triple Crown of Acting#Helen Mirren|Triple Crown of Acting]]”, joining the ranks of acclaimed performers including [[Ingrid Bergman]]‚ Dame [[Maggie Smith]], and [[Al Pacino]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |work=Huffington Post |title=7 reasons to love Helen Mirren on her 70th birthday |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023072002/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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===National Theatre===<br />
In 1998, Mirren played [[Cleopatra]] to [[Alan Rickman]]'s [[Mark Antony|Antony]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]. The production received poor reviews; ''[[The Guardian]]'' called it "plodding spectacle rarely informed by powerful passion", while ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' said "the crucial sexual chemistry on which any great production ultimately depends is fatally absent".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=A case of hype and fall as Rickman and Mirren are put to the sword |last=Lister |first=David |date=23 October 1998 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2000 [[Nicholas Hytner]], who had worked with Mirren on the film version of ''[[The Madness of King George]]'', cast her as Lady Torrance in his revival of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[Orpheus Descending]]'' at the [[Donmar Warehouse]] in London. Michael Billington, reviewing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', described her performance as "an exemplary study of an immigrant woman who has acquired a patina of resilient toughness but who slowly acknowledges her sensuality."<ref>{{cite news |title=Southern discomfort |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/jun/29/artsfeatures4 |date=28 June 2000 |page=46 |access-date=1 March 2022 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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At the National Theatre in November 2003 she again won praise playing Christine Mannon ("defiantly cool, camp and skittish", ''[[Evening Standard]]''; "glows with mature sexual allure", ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'') in a revival of [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]'' directed by [[Howard Davies (Theatre Director)|Howard Davies]]. "This production was one of the best experiences of my professional life, The play was four and a half hours long, and I have never known that kind of response from an audience ... It was the serendipity of a beautifully cast play, with great design and direction, It will be hard to be in anything better."<ref name=autobiography/> She played the title role in [[Jean Racine]]'s ''[[Phèdre]]'' at the National in 2009, in a production directed by [[Nicholas Hytner]]. The production was also staged at the [[Epidaurus#Theatre|Epidaurus amphitheatre]] on 11 and 12 July 2009.<br />
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==Film career==<br />
Mirren has appeared in a large number of films throughout her career. Some of her earlier film appearances include roles in ''[[Herostratus (film)|Herostratus]]'' (1967, Dir. Don Levy), ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)|A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' (1968), ''[[Age of Consent (film)|Age of Consent]]'' (1969), ''[[O Lucky Man!]]'' (1973), ''[[Caligula (film)|Caligula]]'' (1979),<ref name="VF2015" /><ref name="peop_Hele" /> ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980)—co-starring with [[Bob Hoskins]] in what was her breakthrough film role,<ref name="BBC 2014">{{cite news| title=Dame Helen Mirren to receive Bafta fellowship| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-25911227| work=BBC News| date=27 January 2014| access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref> ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981), ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985), ''[[The Mosquito Coast (film)|The Mosquito Coast]]'' (1986), ''[[Pascali's Island (film)|Pascali's Island]]'' (1988) and ''[[When the Whales Came]]'' (1989). She appeared in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Some Mother's Son]]'' (1996), ''[[Painted Lady (mini series)|Painted Lady]]'' (1997) and ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="Mirren roles"/> In [[Peter Greenaway]]'s colorful ''[[The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover]]'', Mirren plays the wife opposite [[Michael Gambon]]. In ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), she plays sadistic history teacher Mrs Eve Tingle.<ref name="Mirren roles">{{cite news |title=All Helen Mirren's 61 movies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/02/all-helen-mirrens-61-movies-ranked |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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In 2007, she claimed that the director [[Michael Winner]] had treated her "like a piece of meat" at a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting call]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=David Cameron keeps his distance from film director Michael Winner |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=3 May 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=30 December 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Asked about the incident, Winner told ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I don't remember asking her to turn around but if I did I wasn't being serious. I was only doing what the [casting] agent asked me&nbsp;– and for this I get reviled! Helen's a lovely person, she's a great actress and I'm a huge fan, but her memory of that moment is a little flawed."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |title=Susan Sarandon, Gwyneth Paltrow, Charlize Theron & More Casting Couch Horror Stories |date=16 November 2012 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020104842/http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |archive-date=20 October 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren continued her successful film career when she starred in ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001) with [[Maggie Smith]] and ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003) with [[Julie Walters]]. Other more recent appearances include ''[[The Clearing (film)|The Clearing]]'' (2004), ''[[Pride (2004 film)|Pride]]'' (2004), ''[[Raising Helen]]'' (2004), and ''[[Shadowboxer]]'' (2005). Mirren also provided the voice for the supercomputer "[[Minor characters from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|Deep Thought]]" in the film adaptation of [[Douglas Adams]]'s ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' (2005). During her career, she has portrayed three British queens in different films and television series: [[Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 TV series)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), and [[Queen Charlotte|Charlotte]] in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994). She is the only actor to have portrayed both Queens Elizabeth on the screen.<ref name="BBC 2014"/><br />
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Mirren's title role of ''The Queen'' earned her numerous acting awards including a [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA]], a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Golden Globe]], and an [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Academy Award]], among many others. During her acceptance speech at the Academy Award ceremony, she praised and thanked Elizabeth II and stated that she had maintained her dignity and weathered many storms during her reign. Mirren later appeared in supporting roles in the films ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]'', ''[[Inkheart (film)|Inkheart]]'', ''[[State of Play (film)|State of Play]]'', and ''[[The Last Station]]'', for which she was nominated for an Oscar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |title=Nominees & Winners for the 82nd Academy Awards |date=24 August 2012 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411210003/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |archive-date=11 April 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2000–2009===<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren at the Orange British Academy Film Awards.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the [[60th British Academy Film Awards]] in 2007, where she won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]]]]<br />
Mirren's first film of the 2000s was [[Joel Hershman]]'s ''[[Greenfingers]]'' (2000), a comedy based on the true story about the prisoners of [[Leyhill Prison|HMP Leyhill]], a minimum-security prison, who won gardening awards.<ref name="Deitz">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/garden/free-to-grow-bluebells-in-england.html |title=Free to Grow Bluebells in England |last=Deitz |first=Paula |date=16 July 1998 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=13 |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren portrayed a devoted plantswoman in the film, who coaches a team of prison gardeners, led by [[Clive Owen]], to victory at a prestigious flower show.<ref name="Ramsey">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/22/movies/film-never-too-tough-to-be-softened-up-by-a-flower.html |title=Film; Never Too Tough to Be Softened Up by a Flower |last=Ramsey |first=Nancy |page=22 |date=22 July 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> The project received lukewarm reviews, which suggested that it added "nothing new to this already saturated genre" of [[Britcom|British feel-good films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greenfingers/ |title=Greenfingers (2000) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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The same year, she began work on the mystery film ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'', [[Sean Penn]]'s third directorial effort, in which she played a child psychologist. A critical success,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1104203-pledge |title=The Pledge (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> the [[ensemble film]] tanked at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/entertainment/1332122.stm |title=US directors laud Cannes audiences |date=15 May 2001 |website=BBC News |access-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> Also that year, she filmed the American-Icelandic satirical drama ''[[No Such Thing (film)|No Such Thing]]'' opposite [[Sarah Polley]]. Directed by [[Hal Hartley]], Mirren portrayed a soulless television producer in the film, who strives for sensationalistic stories. It was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/no_such_thing/ |title=No Such Thing (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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Her biggest critical and commercial success, released in 2001, became [[Robert Altman]]'s all-star ensemble mystery film ''[[Gosford Park]]''. A [[homage (arts)|homage]] to writer [[Agatha Christie]]'s [[whodunit]] style, the story follows a party of wealthy Britons and an American, and their servants, who gather for a shooting weekend at an [[English country house]], resulting in an unexpected murder. It received multiple awards and nominations, including a second [[Academy Award]] nomination and first [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Screen Actors Guild Award]] win for Mirren's portrayal of the sternly devoted head servant Mrs. Wilson.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/gosford-park-big-winner-article-1.485902 |title='Gosford Park' Big Winner |first=Jack |last=Mathews |date=11 March 2002 |newspaper=New York Daily News |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Fred Schepisi]]'s dramedy film ''[[Last Orders (film)|Last Orders]]'' opposite [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]].<ref name="Mirren roles"/><br />
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In 2003, Mirren starred in [[Nigel Cole]]'s comedy ''[[Calendar Girls]]'', inspired by the true story of a group of [[Yorkshire]] women who produced a [[nude calendar]] to raise money for [[Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research|Leukaemia Research]] under the auspices of the [[Women's Institutes]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/12/23/earlyshow/leisure/main590034.shtml |title=Helen Mirren's ''Calendar Girls'' |first=Rome |last=Neal |date=24 December 2003 |website=[[CBS News]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> Mirren initially was reluctant to join the project, dismissing it as another middling British picture,<ref name="mc1">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504225925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo&feature=related| archive-date=2017-05-04|title=2009&nbsp;– Movie Connections&nbsp;– Calendar Girls (2/4) |author=[[Movie Connections]] |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> but rethought her decision upon learning of the casting of co-star [[Julie Walters]].<ref name="mc1"/> The film was generally well received by critics, and grossed $96 million worldwide.<ref name="bom">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=calendargirls.htm |title=Calendar Girls (2003) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, the picture earned [[Satellite Award|Satellite]], [[Golden Globe]], and [[European Film Award]] nominations for Mirren.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0337909/awards |title=Awards for ''Calendar Girls'' |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> Her other film that year was the [[Showtime Networks|Showtime]] television film ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' opposite [[Olivier Martinez]], and [[Anne Bancroft]], based on the 1950 novel of the same title by [[Tennessee Williams]].<br />
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===2010–2014===<br />
In 2010, Mirren appeared in five films. In ''[[Love Ranch]]'', directed by her husband [[Taylor Hackford]], she portrayed [[Joe Conforte|Sally Conforte]], one half of a married couple who opened the first legal [[brothel]] in the US, the [[Mustang Ranch]] in [[Storey County, Nevada]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/04/helen_mirrens_brothel_movie_to.html |title=Helen Mirren's Brothel Movie to Open |last=Brown |first=Lane |date=6 April 2010 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren starred in the principal role of [[Prospero|Prospera]], the duchess of [[Milan]], in [[Julie Taymor]]'s ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]''. This was based on the [[The Tempest|play of the same name]] by [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]; Taymor changed the original character's gender to cast Mirren as her lead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |title=Mirren 'to star in Tempest film' |date=8 October 2008 |website=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111152135/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |archive-date=11 January 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While the actor garnered strong reviews for her portrayal, the film itself was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tempest |title=The Tempest (2010) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren at the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
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Mirren played a gutsy tea-shop owner who tries to save one of her young employees from marrying a teenage killer in [[Rowan Joffé]]'s ''[[Brighton Rock (2010 film)|Brighton Rock]]'', a [[crime film]] loosely based on [[Graham Greene]]'s 1938 [[Brighton Rock (novel)|novel]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |title=Helen Mirren: Interview |first=Ben |last=Walters |date=2 June 2015 |magazine=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128223000/http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |archive-date=28 January 2016 }}</ref> The [[film noir]] [[Film premiere|premiered]] at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] in September 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |title=At TIFF: ''Brighton Rock'' Extends the Graham Greene Adaptation Curse |first=Michelle |last=Orange |date=13 September 2010 |website=[[Movieline]] |access-date=27 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916205701/http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |archive-date=16 September 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> where it received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/movies/brighton-rock-film-of-graham-greene-novel-review.html |title=A Meek Rose Amid the Mods and Rockers in an English Resort Town |first=Stephen |last=Holden |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=25 August 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=27 August 2011 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mirren's biggest critical and commercial success of the year was [[Robert Schwentke]]'s ensemble action comedy ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'', based on [[Warren Ellis]]’s graphic novel, in which she portrayed Victoria, an ex-[[MI6]] assassin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |title=Casting Notes: Alan Cumming in Burlesque; Mirren Does Espionage; Dempsey Steals Laughs; Weaver and Shawkat Hit Cedar Rapids |first=Russ |last=Fischer |date=4 November 2009 |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=19 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122185818/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |archive-date=22 January 2010 }}</ref> Mirren was initially hesitant to sign on due to film's graphic violence, but changed her mind upon learning of [[Bruce Willis]]' involvement.<ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |archive-date=10 December 2022 |title=Majestic Mirren |first=Emanuel |last=Levy |date=15 October 2010 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |location=London |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Released to positive reviews, it grossed $186.5 million worldwide.<ref name="mojo" >{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2010.htm |title=RED (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Also in 2010, the actor lent her voice to [[Zack Snyder]]'s computer-animated fantasy film ''[[Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole]]'', voicing [[antagonist]] Nyra, a leader of a group of owls. The film grossed $140.1 million on an $80 million budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=guardiansofgahoole.htm |title=Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=15 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's next film was the comedy film ''[[Arthur (2011 film)|Arthur]]'', a remake of the 1981 [[Arthur (1981 film)|film of the same name]], starring [[Russell Brand]] in the lead role. ''Arthur'' received generally negative reviews from critics, who declared it an "irritating, unnecessary remake."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/arthur_2011/ |title=Arthur (2011) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> In preparation for her role as a retired Israeli [[Mossad]] agent in the film ''[[The Debt (2011 film)|The Debt]]'', Mirren reportedly immersed herself in studies of Hebrew language, Jewish history, and [[Holocaust]] writing, including the life of [[Simon Wiesenthal]], while in Israel in 2009 for the filming of some of the movie's scenes. The film is a remake of a [[The Debt (2007 film)|2007 Israeli film of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/mirren-learning-hebrew-for-movie-role_1096343 |title=Mirren Learning Hebrew For Movie Role |date=27 February 2009 |website=[[ContactMusic.com]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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In 2012, Mirren played [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s wife [[Alma Reville]] in the 2012 biopic ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'', directed by [[Sacha Gervasi]] and based on [[Stephen Rebello]]'s non-fiction book ''[[Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho]]''. The film centres on the pair's relationship during the making of ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'', a controversial [[horror film]] that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker's career. It became a moderate arthouse success and garnered a lukewarm critical response from critics, who felt that it suffered from "tonal inconsistency and a lack of truly insightful retrospection."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/hitchcock |title=Hitchcock (2012) |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> Mirren was universally praised, however, with [[Roger Ebert]] noting that the film depended most on her portrayal, which he found to be "warm and effective."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=20 November 2012 |title=Hitchcock |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=21 November 2012 |archive-date=27 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127172340/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Her other film that year was ''[[The Door (2012 film)|The Door]]'', a claustrophobic drama film directed by [[István Szabó]], based on the Hungarian novel of the same name. Set at the height of [[communist]] rule in 1960s Hungary, the story of the adaptation centres on the abrasive influence that a mysterious housekeeper wields over her employer and successful novelist, played [[Martina Gedeck]]. Mirren found the role "difficult to play" and cited doing it as "one of the hardest things [she has] ever done."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/mirren-steps-through-a-new-door-20120718-22ahn.html |title=Mirren steps through a new door |first=Philippa |last=Hawker |date=19 July 2012 |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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[[File:HelenMirrenHWOFJan2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren receiving a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013]]<br />
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The following year, Mirren replaced [[Bette Midler]] in [[David Mamet]]'s biographical television film ''[[Phil Spector (film)|Phil Spector]]'' about [[Phil Spector|the American musician]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/22/phil-spector-s-jersey-girl-lawyer-meet-the-real-linda-kenney-baden.html |title=Phil Spector's Jersey Girl Lawyer: Meet the Real Linda Kenney Baden |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |date=22 March 2013 |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> The [[HBO]] film focuses on the relationship between Spector and his defense attorney Linda Kenney Baden, played by Mirren, during the first of his two [[Phil Spector#Murder conviction|murder trials for the death in 2003]] of [[Lana Clarkson]] in his California mansion. ''Spector'' received largely mixed to positive reviews from critics, particularly for Mirren and co-star [[Al Pacino]]'s performances, and was nominated for eleven [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, also winning Mirren a [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie|Screen Actors Guild Award]] at the [[20th Screen Actors Guild Awards|20th awards ceremony]]. The film drew criticism both from Clarkson's family and friends, who charged that the suicide defense was given more merit than it deserved, and from Spector's wife, who argued that Spector was portrayed as a "foul-mouthed megalomaniac" and a "minotaur".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2013/03/15/friends_of_lana_clarkson_protest_hbo_film_phil_spector/ |title=Friends of Lana Clarkson protest HBO film "Phil Spector" |last=Gupta |first=Prachi |date=15 March 2013 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref> Also in 2013, Mirren voiced the character of Dean Abigail Hardscrabble in [[Pixar]]'s computer-animated comedy film ''[[Monsters University]]'', which grossed $743 million against its estimated budget of $200 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monstersinc2.htm |title=Monsters University (2013) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=20 December 2013}}</ref> and reprised her role in the sequel film ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]''.<ref name="Mirren">{{cite web |url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |title=Helen Mirren Says She's Ready For 'Red' Sequel: 'Just Get Me The Script' |last=Warner |first=Kara |date=29 March 2011 |website=[[MTV News]] |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515150701/http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |archive-date=15 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The action comedy received a mixed reviews from film critics, who called it a "lackadaisical sequel",<ref name="TheWrap">{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/red-2-review-bruce-willis-sequel-dies-hard-lands-dull-thud-102681 |title='Red 2' Review: Bruce Willis Sequel Dies Hard, Lands With Dull Thud |last=Gilchrist |first=Todd |date=15 July 2013 |website=[[The Wrap]] |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref> but became another commercial success, making over $140 million worldwide.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=Red 2 (2013) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2.htm |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2014 was the comedy-drama ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' opposite the Indian actor [[Om Puri]]. Directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and produced by [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Oprah Winfrey]], the film is based on [[Richard C. Morais]]' 2010 novel [[The Hundred-Foot Journey|with the same name]] and tells the story of a feud between two adjacent restaurants in a French town. Mirren garnered largely positive reviews for her performance of a snobby restaurateur, a role which she accepted as she was keen to play a French character, reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."<ref name="collider1">{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/helen-mirren-hundred-foot-journey-trumbo-interview/ |title=Helen Mirren Talks 'The Hundred-Foot Journey', Working with Om Puri, What She Looks For in Choosing Projects, 'Trumbo', and More |last1=Roberts |first1=Sheila |date=31 July 2014 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The film earned her another [[Golden Globe]] nomination and became a modest commercial success, grossing $88.9 million worldwide.<ref name=BOM2>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=100foot.htm |title=The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref><br />
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===2015–present===<br />
[[File:The Leisure Seeker 06 (36402080733).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren attending the premiere of ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' at the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
In 2015, Mirren reunited with her former assistant [[Simon Curtis (filmmaker)|Simon Curtis]] on ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'', co-starring [[Ryan Reynolds]].<ref name="collider1"/> The film was based on the true story of Jewish refugee [[Maria Altmann]], who, together with her young lawyer [[E. Randol Schoenberg|Randy Schoenberg]], fought the Austrian government to be reunited with [[Gustav Klimt]]'s painting of her aunt, the famous ''[[Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gustav-klimt-birthday-woman-in-gold_55a52d3de4b0a47ac15d61af |title=Gustav Klimt Painted Much More Than 'The Woman In Gold' |last1=Valentine |first1=Colin |date=14 July 2015 |website=[[HuffPost]] Arts & Culture |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics, although Mirren and Reynold's performances were widely praised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Woman in Gold (2015) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/woman_in_gold/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> A commercial success, ''Woman in Gold'' became one of the highest-grossing specialty films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/the-20-highest-grossing-indies-of-2015-a-running-list-1 |title=The 20 Highest Grossing Indies of 2015 (A Running List) |first=Kate |last=Erbland |date=29 December 2015 |website=Indiewire |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The same year, Mirren appeared in [[Gavin Hood]]'s thriller ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), in which she played as a military intelligence officer who leads a secret [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone]] mission to capture a terrorist group living in [[Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/aaron-paul-helen-mirren-join-colin-firth-in-thriller-eye-in-the-sky/ |title=Aaron Paul, Helen Mirren Join Colin Firth in Thriller 'Eye in the Sky' |last1=Sneider |first1=Jeff |date=16 May 2014 |website=The Wrap |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Jay Roach]]'s biographical drama ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'', co-starring [[Bryan Cranston]] and [[Diane Lane]]. The actor played [[Hedda Hopper]], the famous actor and [[gossip columnist]], in the film, which received generally positive reviews from critics and garnered her a 14th Golden Globe nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/trumbo/ |title=Trumbo (2015) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2016 was ''[[Collateral Beauty]]'', directed by [[David Frankel]]. Co-Starring [[Will Smith]], [[Keira Knightley]], and [[Kate Winslet]], the ensemble drama follows a man who copes with his daughter's death by writing letters to [[time]], [[death]], and [[love]]. The film earned largely negative reviews from critics, who called it "well-meaning but fundamentally flawed."<ref name="reviews">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/will-smith-collateral-beauty-lowest-box-office-opening-rotten-tomatoes-1201873153/ |title=How Critics' "Schoolyard Assault" On 'Collateral Beauty' Turned Ugly For Will Smith Pic |first=Anthony |last= D'Alessandro |date=18 December 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=reviews2>{{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/12/13/collateral-beauty-reviews-roundup/ |title=Collateral Beauty reviews: Will Smith movie slammed by critics |first=Danielle |last=Jackson |date=13 December 2016 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Mirren narrated ''[[Cries from Syria]]'', a [[documentary film]] about the [[Syrian Civil War]], directed by [[Evgeny Afineevsky]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/markets-festivals/hbo-cries-from-syria-1201957096/ |title=HBO Nabs 'Cries From Syria' Documentary Ahead of Sundance |first=Brent |last=Lang |date=10 January 2017 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> Also that year, she made an uncredited [[cameo appearance]] in [[F. Gary Gray]]'s ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'', the eighth instalment in the [[The Fast and the Furious |''Fast & Furious'']] franchise, playing Magdalene, the mother of Owen and [[Deckard Shaw]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1635570/how-helen-mirren-ended-up-in-the-fate-of-the-furious-according-to-vin-diesel |title=How Helen Mirren Ended Up In The Fate Of The Furious, According To Vin Diesel |first=Gregory |last=Wakeman |date=14 March 2017 |website=CinemaBlend |access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> Mirren had a larger role in director [[Paolo Virzì]]'s English-language debut ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'', based on the [[The Leisure Seeker (novel)|2009 novel of the same name]]. On set, she was reunited with [[Donald Sutherland]] with whom she had not worked again since ''[[Bethune: The Making of a Hero]]'' (1990),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/cannes-helen-mirren-and-donald-sutherland-to-topline-paolo-virzis-the-leisure-seeker-exclusive-1201772430/ |title=Cannes: Helen Mirren and Donald Sutherland to Topline Paolo Virzì's 'The Leisure Seeker' |first1=Nick |last1=Vivarelli |first2=Elsa |last2=Keslassy |date=12 May 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> portraying a terminally ill couple who escape from their retirement home and take one last cross-country adventure in a vintage van.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-donald-sutherland-team-up-for-the-leisure-seeker-cannes-1201754273/ |title=Helen Mirren & Donald Sutherland Team For 'The Leisure Seeker' – Cannes |first=Ali |last=Jaafar |date=12 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> At the [[75th Golden Globe Awards|75th awards ceremony]], Mirren received her 15th [[Golden Globe]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List |first=Rebecca |last=Rubin |date=11 December 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref><br />
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In 2018, Mirren portrayed heiress [[Sarah Winchester]] in the supernatural horror film ''[[Winchester (film)|Winchester]]'', directed by [[The Spierig Brothers]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-takes-aim-at-playing-firearm-heiress-in-hot-cannes-package-winchester-1201755962/ |title=Helen Mirren Takes Aim At Playing Firearm Heiress In Hot Cannes Package 'Winchester' |first=Mike Jr. |last=Fleming |date=14 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref> In the same year, she starred as Mother Ginger in Disney's adaptation of ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', titled ''[[The Nutcracker and the Four Realms]]'', directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and [[Joe Johnston]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/helen-mirren-nutcracker-disney-1201844942/ |title=Helen Mirren Joins Disney's 'The Nutcracker' |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=25 August 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> In 2019, she appeared in the ensemble film ''[[Berlin, I Love You]]'', the French crime thriller film ''[[Anna (2019 feature film)|Anna]]'', directed and written by [[Luc Besson]], and co-starred in the ''Fast and the Furious'' spin-off ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]''.<ref name="Oct2017V">{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/luc-besson-anna-helen-mirren-luke-evans-1202584144/ |title=Luc Besson Sets Next Film 'Anna' With Helen Mirren, Luke Evans |first1=Elsa |last1=Keslassy |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |date=9 October 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> In March 2021, she was cast as the villain Hespera in the superhero film ''[[Shazam! Fury of the Gods]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=March 23, 2021 |title='Shazam: Fury Of The Gods': Helen Mirren To Play Villain Hespera In Sequel |url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323221810/https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |archive-date=March 23, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2021 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref><br />
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Mirren portrayed [[Golda Meir]], prime minister of Israel 1969–1974, in a 2023 [[biopic]] entitled ''[[Golda (film)|Golda]]''. Reviewing the film in ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] wrote that "Mirren makes her terse, decisive, and ferociously alive."<ref>{{cite web|website=Variety|first=Owen|last=Gleiberman|title=Golda' Review: Helen Mirren Channels Golda Meir in a Tense Dramatization of the Yom Kippur War|url=https://variety.com/2023/film/reviews/golda-review-helen-mirren-golda-meir-1973-yom-kippur-war-1235529163/|date=February 20, 2023|accessdate=June 18, 2023}}</ref> She also appeared in the 2022 music video for [[Kendrick Lamar]]'s "[[Count Me Out (Kendrick Lamar song)|Count Me Out]]" as a therapist.<ref>{{Citation |title=Kendrick Lamar - Count Me Out |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GhhVHpPR_M |language=en |access-date=2022-12-22}}</ref><br />
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==Television career==<br />
===''Prime Suspect''===<br />
Mirren is known for her role as detective Jane Tennison in the widely viewed ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', a multiple award-winning television drama series that was noted for its high quality and popularity. Her portrayal of Tennison won her [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] between 1992 and 1994 (making her one of four actors to have received three consecutive [[BAFTA TV Awards]] for a role, alongside [[Robbie Coltrane]], [[Julie Walters]] and [[Michael Gambon]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/dame-helen-mirren-10-things-202365 |title=Dame Helen Mirren: 10 things you need to know about the Oscar nominated actress |date=18 February 2010 |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |location=London |access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> Primarily due to ''Prime Suspect'', in 2006 Mirren came 29th on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]’s poll of [[TV's 50 Greatest Stars]] voted by the British public.<ref name="Poll">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5142726.stm| title=ITV to salute '50 greatest stars'| date=3 July 2006| work=[[BBC News]]| access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><br />
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===Other roles===<br />
Mirren's other television performances include ''[[Cousin Bette]]'' (1971); ''[[BBC Television Shakespeare|As You Like It]]'' (1979); ''[[Blue Remembered Hills]]'' (1979); ''[[The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' episode "[[Dead Woman's Shoes (The Twilight Zone)|Dead Woman's Shoes]]" (1985); ''[[The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)|The Passion of Ayn Rand]]'' (1999), where her performance won her an [[Emmy]]; ''[[Door to Door (film)|Door to Door]]'' (2002); and ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' (2003). In 1976, she appeared with [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Alan Bates]] and [[Malcolm McDowell]] in a production of [[Harold Pinter]]'s ''[[The Collection (play)|The Collection]]'' as part of the ''[[Laurence Olivier Presents]]'' series. She also played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in 2005, in the television serial ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'', for [[Channel 4]] and [[HBO]], for which she received an [[Emmy Award]] and a [[Golden Globe Award]]. Mirren won another Emmy Award on 16 September 2007 for her role in ''[[Prime Suspect|Prime Suspect: The Final Act]]'' on PBS in the same category as in 2006. Mirren hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' on 9 April 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://watching-tv.ew.com/2011/04/10/saturday-night-live-helen-mirren-foo-fighters/ |title='Saturday Night Live' recap: Helen Mirren transcended a laugh-lite 'SNL' |last=Tucker |first=Ken |date=10 April 2011 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> In 2022, she portrayed Cara Dutton in the ''[[Yellowstone (American TV series)|Yellowstone]]'' spinoff ''[[1923 (TV series)|1923]]'', which also featured [[Harrison Ford]] and [[Timothy Dalton]].<br />
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==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren figure at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|upright|Waxwork of Mirren at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]<br />
Mirren lived with Northern Irish actor [[Liam Neeson]] during the early 1980s; they met while working on ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981). When interviewed by [[James Lipton]] for ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]'', Neeson said Mirren was instrumental in his getting an agent.<br />
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Mirren began dating American director [[Taylor Hackford]] in 1986. They were married on 31 December 1997 at the [[Ardersier]] Parish Church near [[Inverness]] in the [[Scottish Highlands]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Dame Helen Mirren fights sewage plant plan in quiet fishing village where she got married |date=30 May 2016 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 January 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> They met on the set of ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985). It is her first marriage and his third. (He has two children from his previous marriages.) She has no children, stating she has "no maternal instinct whatsoever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/mirren%20i%20have%20no%20maternal%20instinct_1023284 |title=Mirren: 'I Have No Maternal Instinct' |date=26 February 2007 |website=Contactmusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's autobiography, ''In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures'', was published in the UK by [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] in September 2007. Reviewing for ''[[The Stage]]'', John Thaxter wrote: "Sumptuously illustrated, at first sight it looks like another of those photo albums of the stars. But between the pictures there are almost 200 pages of densely printed text, an unusually frank story of her private and professional life, mainly in the theatre, the words clearly Mirren's own, delivered with forthright candour."<ref>{{cite news |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=1 November 2007 |newspaper=The Stage}}</ref><br />
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In 1990, Mirren said in an interview that she was an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sunday Review Pages: Helen Mirren interview |last=Garfield |first=Simon |date=25 November 1990 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |page=27 |quote=Sometimes I feel like a farmer during a war, someone who doesn't know very much about it and carries on digging, hoping for rain. But just the last few days I've had this terrible feeling of... doom. It's a, er, [[Bible|biblical]], kind of [[Old Testament]] feeling. I'm an atheist, but I was suddenly thinking of those stories of the flood and punishment. Because we've become unbelievably greedy and destructive.}}</ref> In the August 2011 issue of ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', she said, "I am quite spiritual. I believed in fairies when I was a child. I still do sort of believe in the [[fairies]]. And the [[leprechauns]]. But I don't believe in God."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/helen-mirren-quotes-0811 |title=Helen Mirren: What I've Learned |last=Fussman |first=Cal |date=7 July 2011 |magazine=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |access-date=8 January 2013}}</ref><br />
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In a 2008 interview with ''[[GQ]]'', Mirren revealed she was [[date rape]]d as a student, and had often taken [[cocaine]] at parties in her twenties and until the 1980s.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/09/01/helen.mirren.rape/index.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren in date-rape revelation |date=1 September 2008 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref><ref name=indie>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Mirren talks of her date-rapes, then provokes furore with views on sex attackers |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |date=1 September 2008 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref> She stopped using it after reading that [[Klaus Barbie]] made a living from cocaine dealing.<ref name=cnn/><ref name=indie/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7591142.stm |title=Dame Helen in cocaine admission |date=1 September 2008 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901101327/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2008 |title='The Queen' actress Dame Helen Mirren reveals former love of cocaine |last=Simpson |first=Aislinn |date=31 August 2008 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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On 11 May 2010, Mirren attended the unveiling of her waxwork at [[Madame Tussauds]] in London. In 2012, she was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]] to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork—The Beatles' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' album cover—to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admired.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited |title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday |first=Caroline |last=Davies |date=2 April 2012 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026 |title=Sir Peter Blake's new Beatles' Sgt Pepper's album cover |date=2 April 2012 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2010, she was named Sexiest Woman Alive by ''Esquire'', and in a 2011 photo shoot for the magazine, she stripped down and covered up with the [[Union Jack]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Helen Mirren shows off her patriotism in Esquire photo shoot |date=15 July 2011 |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/helen-mirren-shows-off-her-patriotism-in-esquire-photo-shoot.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAL-vIbYr3zdTdvehdRUc0lnYjJRXjrH4_m5WPohtumjKkQF5ZjHQLJtDu-wBH128akA-SIGhwuqIxJGGVah71ko93k0SrMjCBGWYNe6o4pAX1bMxdQKNuPUDWP0gRMadkT21jNy7mPWtoRB9gY_JEBadANEeCY_pMxeHk9kSdO2G |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref><br />
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In 2013, Mirren was announced as one of several new models for [[Marks & Spencer]]'s "Womanism" campaign. Subtitled "Britain's leading ladies", the campaign featured Mirren alongside British women from various fields, including pop singer [[Ellie Goulding]], double Olympic gold medal-winning boxer [[Nicola Adams]], and writer [[Monica Ali]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/aug/19/marks-spencer-new-ad-annie-leibowitz |title=Marks & Spencer's new ad: what does it mean? |first=Lauren |last=Cochrane |date=19 August 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In March 2013, ''The Guardian'' listed Mirren as one of the 50 Best-Dressed Over 50.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s |title=The 50 best-dressed over 50s |first=Jess |last=Cartner-Morley |date=29 March 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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She told the ''[[Radio Times]]'', "I'm a [[naturism|naturist]] at heart. I love being on beaches where everyone is naked. Ugly people, beautiful people, old people, whatever. It's so unisexual and so liberating."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-09-19/celebrity-nudists-the-stars-who-like-to-let-it-all-hang-out |title=Celebrity nudists: the stars who like to let it all hang out |date=19 September 2014 |magazine=Radio Times |location=London |access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref> In 2004, she was named Naturist of the Year by [[British Naturism]]. She said: "Many thanks to British Naturism for this great honour. I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!"<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |title=Dame Helen Mirren named 'Naturist of the Year' |date=8 January 2012 |publisher=British Naturism |access-date=26 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004094251/http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |archive-date=4 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
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In 2006, Mirren stated that she was never a member of any [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|political party]].<ref name="independent">{{cite web |title=Helen Mirren: Her crowning achievement |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |work=The Independent |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708131908/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |archive-date=8 July 2022 |date=18 August 2006 |quote="I've never been a member of Labour, or any political party for that matter, but in 1997 I wanted to get rid of the Conservatives; wanted to get rid of that appalling lot." |url-status=live}}</ref> Mirren became a [[U.S. citizen]] in 2017 and voted in her first U.S. election in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/oscar-winner-tahoe-resident-helen-mirren-casts-1st-american-vote |title=Oscar winner, Tahoe resident Helen Mirren casts 1st American vote| date=15 October 2020 |newspaper=Tahoe Daily Tribune |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |newspaper=[[Record-Courier (Nevada)|The Record-Courier]] |location=[[Gardnerville, Nevada]] |title='The Queen' casts her ballot in Minden |date=17 October 2020 |last=Hildebrand |first=Kurt |access-date=18 October 2020 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116061403/https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She supported Patricia Ackerman in her campaign against [[Mark Amodei]] in {{ushr|NV|2}}.<ref name="democrat">{{cite web |last1=Jackson |first1=Hugh |title=Helen Mirren for governor |url=https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |publisher=Nevada Current |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022204617/https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |archive-date=22 October 2020 |date=22 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><br />
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In April 2021, she took part in the [[music video]] "La Vacinada" (meaning ''the vaccinated woman'' in broken [[Spanish language]]) of Italian comedian and singer [[Checco Zalone]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/checco-zalone-pokes-fun-at-helen-mirrens-age-in-viral-video-9xgd0q99d| title=Checco Zalone pokes fun at Helen Mirren's age in viral video| newspaper=The Times| location=London| date=1 May 2021| access-date=2 May 2021| url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
In the song and video, Zalone jokes about the fact that, in times of [[Covid-19 pandemic]], it is safer to have an [[affair]] with someone who has already been [[vaccinated]] against the [[virus]], and as [[the elderly]] get vaccinated first, an older partner (played by Mirren in the video) is now the best choice.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='The Telegraph' recap: Helen Mirren joins Italy's best known comic in light-hearted sketch to promote Covid-19 vaccine |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=30 April 2021 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph | location=London |access-date=30 April 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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==Acting credits==<br />
{{main|Helen Mirren on screen and stage}}<br />
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==Awards and honours==<br />
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren}}<br />
<br />
Among her major competitive awards, Mirren has won one [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]], four [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA Awards]], three [[Golden Globe Awards]], five [[Emmy Awards]], and one [[Tony Awards|Tony Award]]. Her numerous honorary awards include the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] and Gala Tribute presented by the [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]].<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/45th-chaplin-award-gala-will-honor-helen-mirren/ |title=45th Chaplin Award Gala Will Honor Helen Mirren |website=Film Society of Lincoln Center |date=14 October 2017 |access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]] in December.<ref name="Damehood"/><ref name="Ceremony"/> In January 2009, Mirren was named on ''[[The Times]]''' list of the top 10 British actresses of all time. The list included [[Julie Andrews]], [[Helena Bonham Carter]], [[Judi Dench]] and [[Audrey Hepburn]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5502980.ece |title=The best British film actresses of all time |date=12 January 2009 |newspaper=The Times |location=London | first=James | last=Christopher | access-date=27 May 2020 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Mirren| first=Helen| title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BoEtOA98XQAC| publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]| year=2011| isbn=978-1-4165-7341-8}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of British actors]]<br />
* [[List of British Academy Award nominees and winners]]<br />
* [[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]<br />
* [[List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="VF2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/11/helen-mirren-nude-scene |title=Helen Mirren Reveals The One Nude Scene She Didn't Mind Filming |last=Miller |first=Julie |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<ref name="peop_Hele">{{cite web |url=http://www.people.com/article/helen-mirren-talks-nude-scenes |title=Helen Mirren Reveals Her Favorite Nude Scenes Were for Caligula: 'Everyone Was Naked' |last=McNiece |first=Mia |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=People |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Ward| first=Philip| date=October 25, 2019| title=Becoming Helen Mirren| publisher=Troubador Press| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=becoming+helen+mirren| access-date=March 1, 2022}} A survey of the actor's early career.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{sister project links|b=no|commons=Category:Helen Mirren|d=Q349391|n=no|q=Helen Mirren|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|545}}<br />
* {{IBDB name|53256}}<br />
* {{Playbill person|helen-mirren-vault-0000099983}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|260}}<br />
* {{NYTtopic|people/m/helen_mirren}}<br />
<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Awards for Helen Mirren]]<br />
|list =<br />
{{AcademyAwardBestActress 2001-2020}}<br />
{{AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Grownup Love Story}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actress 2000-2019}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{British Academy Television Award for Best Actress 1980-1999}}<br />
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards}}<br />
{{Prix d'interprétation féminine 1980–1999}}<br />
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{DramaDesk PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActress 1976-2000}}<br />
{{European Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{European Film Academy Achievement in World Cinema Award}}<br />
{{Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Lincoln Center Gala Tribute}}<br />
{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureDrama 2001-2020}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressTVMiniseriesFilm}}<br />
{{GoldenOrangeHonoraryAward}}<br />
{{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}}<br />
{{Honorary Golden Bear}}<br />
{{OlivierAward PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress 2001-present}}<br />
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{RTS Programme Award for Best Performance by a Female Actor}}<br />
{{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Motion Picture}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Television Miniseries or Film}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Supporting Actress Series Miniseries or Television Film}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleLeadMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleSupportMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleTVMiniseriesMovie}}<br />
{{Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award}}<br />
{{Stanislavsky Award}}<br />
{{St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{TonyAward PlayLeadActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{TFCA Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Volpi Cup for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
{{British Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirren, Helen}}<br />
[[Category:1945 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses awarded damehoods]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Essex]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Middlesex University]]<br />
[[Category:Audiobook narrators]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award (television) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actress Golden Globe winners]]<br />
[[Category:British naturists]]<br />
[[Category:Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:American atheists]]<br />
[[Category:American film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:American stage actresses]]<br />
[[Category:American television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:American people of English descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Russian descent]]<br />
[[Category:English atheists]]<br />
[[Category:English film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Russian descent]]<br />
[[Category:English radio actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English Shakespearean actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English stage actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English voice actresses]]<br />
[[Category:European Film Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:Golden Orange Honorary Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Honorary Golden Bear recipients]]<br />
[[Category:Laurence Olivier Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:National Youth Theatre members]]<br />
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Actors from Hammersmith]]<br />
[[Category:People from Westcliff-on-Sea]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]]<br />
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_Heritage_blue_plaques_in_London&diff=1164515480List of English Heritage blue plaques in London2023-07-09T15:47:39Z<p>SteveCrook: /* Islington */ Correct posessive apostrophe</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|None}}<br />
{{EngvarB|date=June 2017}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}<br />
This is a list of the 994 [[blue plaques]] placed by [[English Heritage]] and its predecessors in the [[London boroughs|boroughs of London]], the [[City of Westminster]], and the [[City of London]]. The scheme includes a small number of plaques that were erected privately and subsequently absorbed. <br />
<br />
The scheme began in 1876. It was originally administered by the [[Royal Society of Arts]] until 1901 when it was taken over the [[London County Council]]. The LCC ran the scheme until its abolition in 1965 when its successor body the [[Greater London Council]] (GLC) took charge. With the abolition of the GLC in 1986, the blue plaque scheme has been administered by [[English Heritage]].<br />
<br />
==By borough==<br />
<br />
=== Barking and Dagenham ===<br />
There is a single blue plaque in the [[London Borough of Barking and Dagenham]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/jul/26/childhood-home-of-bobby-moore-receives-english-heritage-plaque|title=Childhood home of Bobby Moore receives English Heritage plaque|first=Nicola|last=Slawson|date=26 July 2016|access-date=16 December 2017|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Plaque table header}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Bobby Moore]]<br />
| subject_dates = 1941–1993<br />
| inscription = "Captain of the World Cup-winning England Football Team lived here"<br />
| street_address = 43 Waverley Gardens<br />
| town = [[Barking, London|Barking]] IG11 0BH<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| year = 2016<br />
| image = BOBBY MOORE 1941-1993 Captain of the World Cup-winning England Football Team lived here.jpg <br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 41578 <br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Barnet ===<br />
There are 19 blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Barnet]].<ref name='EngHetBct'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/#?pageBP=1&sizeBP=12&borBP=London%20Borough%20of%20Barnet&keyBP=&catBP=|work=Blue plaques search – Barnet|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=24 October 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Plaque table header}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Harold Abrahams]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1899–1978)<br />
| inscription = "Olympic athlete lived here"<br />
| street_address = Hodford Lodge, 2 Hodford Road<br />
| town = [[Golders Green]] NW11 8NP<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.566|-0.196745}}<br />
| year = 2007<br />
| image = Harold_Abrahams_1899-1978_Olympic_athlete_lived_here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 437 <br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[William Blake]] and [[John Linnell (painter)|John Linnell]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1757–1827) (1792–1882)<br />
| inscription = "John Linnell 1792–1882 Painter, lived here William Blake 1757–1827 Poet and Artist stayed here as his guest"<br />
| street_address = Old Wyldes', North End<br />
| town = [[Hampstead]] NW3 7HS<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.5689779993551|-0.181869000008873}}<br />
| year = 1975<br />
| image = John_Linnell_1792-1882_painter_lived_here._William_Blake_1757-1827_poet_and_artist_stayed_here_as_his_guest.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 521 <br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Sir William Bowman, 1st Baronet|Sir William Bowman]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1816-1892)<br />
| inscription = "Ophthalmic surgeon and anatomist lived here"<br />
| street_address = St Anthony’s School, Ivy House, 94-96 North End Road<br />
| town = [[Golders Green]] NW11 7SX<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.56862|-0.18479}}<br />
| year = 2019<br />
| image = Sir_WILLIAM_BOWMAN_1816-1892_Ophthalmic_surgeon_and_anatomist_lived_here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 52363<br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[John Braham (RAF officer)|Wing Commander J.R.D. 'Bob' Braham]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1920-1974)<br />
| inscription = "RAF Fighter Pilot lived here as a boy"<br />
| street_address = 139 Hendon Way<br />
| town = [[Childs Hill]] NW4 2PX<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.5681412|-0.2073901}}<br />
| year = 2017<br />
| image = Wing Commander J.R.D. 'BOB' BRAHAM 1920-1974 RAF Fighter Pilot lived here as a boy.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 43812<br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Herbert Chapman]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1878–1934)<br />
| inscription = "Football Manager lived and died here"<br />
| street_address = 6 Haslemere Avenue<br />
| town = [[Hendon]] NW4 2PX<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.5791109611055|-0.216100999634306}}<br />
| year = 2005<br />
| image = Herbert Chapman 1878-1934 football manager lived and died here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 483 <br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Robert Donat]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1905–1958)<br />
| inscription = "Actor lived here"<br />
| street_address = 8 Meadway<br />
| town = [[Hampstead Garden Suburb]] NW11 7JT<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.5784190007689|-0.190310999961951}}<br />
| year = 1994<br />
| image = Robert_Donat_1905_-_1958_actor_lived_here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 684 <br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Abram Games]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1914-1996)<br />
| inscription = "Poster artist and designer lived and worked here 1948-1996"<br />
| street_address = 41 The Vale<br />
| town = [[Golders Green]], [[London Borough of Barnet|Barnet]] NW11 8SE<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.568895|-0.202628}}<br />
| year = 2019<br />
| image = ABRAM_GAMES_1914-1996_Poster_artist_and_designer_lived_and_worked_here_1948-1996.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 51445 <br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Henry Hall (bandleader)|Henry Hall]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1898–1989)<br />
| inscription = "Dance Band Leader and Broadcaster lived here 1932–1959"<br />
| street_address = 38 Harman Drive<br />
| town = [[Cricklewood]] NW2 2ED<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.558914000158|-0.205801000122861}}<br />
| year = 2003<br />
| image = HENRY HALL 1898-1989 Dance Band Leader and Broadcaster lived here 1932-1959.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 72 <br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = Dame [[Myra Hess]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1890–1965)<br />
| inscription = "Pianist lived here"<br />
| street_address = 48 Wildwood Road<br />
| town = [[Hampstead Garden Suburb]] NW11 6UP<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.5763009998358|-0.182582999999496}}<br />
| year = 1987<br />
| image = Dame Myra Hess 1890-1965 pianist lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 218 <br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Graham Hill]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1929–1975)<br />
| inscription = "[[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|World Champion]] Racing Driver lived here 1960–1972"<br />
| street_address = 32 Parkside<br />
| town = [[Mill Hill]] NW7 2LH<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.6096589994972|-0.239135999378007}}<br />
| year = 2003<br />
| image = GRAHAM_HILL_1929-1975_World_Champion_Racing_Driver_lived_here_1960-1972.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 324 <br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Amy Johnson]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1903–1941)<br />
| inscription = "Aviator lived here"<br />
| street_address = Vernon Court, Hendon Way<br />
| town = [[Cricklewood]] NW2 2PE<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.5592610000945|-0.198500999998685}}<br />
| year = 1987<br />
| image = Amy Johnson 1903-1941 Aviator lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 7315 <br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Mary Macarthur]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1880–1921)<br />
| inscription = "Trade Unionist and campaigner for working women lived and died here"<br />
| street_address = 42 Woodstock Road<br />
| town = [[Golders Green]] NW11 8ER<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.572325|-0.200107}}<br />
| year = 2017<br />
| image = MARY MACARTHUR 1880-1921 Trade Unionist and campaigner for working women lived and died here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 42502 <br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Frank Pick]] <br />
| subject_dates = (1878–1941)<br />
| inscription = "Pioneer of Good Design for [[London Passenger Transport Board|London Transport]] lived here"<br />
| street_address = 15 Wildwood Road<br />
| town = [[Golders Green]] NW11 6UP<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.5776619998953|-0.181981999999123}}<br />
| year = 1981<br />
| image = Frank Pick 1878-1941 pioneer of good design for London Transport lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 282 <br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Karl Popper|Sir Karl Popper]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1902–1994)<br />
| inscription = "Philosopher lived here 1946–1950"<br />
| street_address = 16 Burlington Rise <br />
| town = [[Oakleigh Park]] EN4 8NN<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.6352749999627|-0.159268999872009}}<br />
| year = 2008 <br />
| image = Sir KARL POPPER 1902-1994 Philosopher lived here 1946-1950.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 9680 <br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Juan Pujol García|Juan Pujol Garcia]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1912–1988)<br />
| inscription = "Secret Agent codename 'Garbo' lived and worked here<br />
| street_address = 35 Crespigny Road, <br />
| town = [[Hendon]] NW4 3DU<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.58074|-0.22972}}<br />
| year = 2020 <br />
| image = Juan_Pujol_Garcia_1912-1988_Secret_Agent_codename_%E2%80%98Garbo%E2%80%99_lived_and_worked_here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 51766 <br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Little Tich|Little Tich (Harry Relph)]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1867–1928)<br />
| inscription = "Music Hall Comedian lived and died here"<br />
| street_address = 93 Shirehall Park <br />
| town = [[Hendon]] NW4 2QU<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.578064999878|-0.215850000031878}}<br />
| year = 1969<br />
| image = Little_Tich_(Harry_Relph)_1867-1928_music_hall_comedian_lived_and_died_here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 115 <br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Ralph Richardson|Sir Ralph Richardson]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1902–1983)<br />
| inscription = "Actor lived here 1944–1968"<br />
| street_address = Bedegar's Lea, Kenwood Close <br />
| town = [[Hampstead Garden Suburb]] NW3 7JL<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.570788999813|-0.174154999955341}}<br />
| year = 2009<br />
| image = Sir_Ralph_Richardson_1902-1983_actor_lived_here_1944-1968.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 266 <br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Thomas S. Tait|Thomas Smith Tait]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1882–1954) <br />
| inscription = "Architect lived here"<br />
| street_address = Gates House, Wyldes Close <br />
| town = [[Hampstead]] NW11 7JB<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.5695353536005|-0.181584687491159}}<br />
| year = 2006<br />
| image = Thomas Smith Tait 1882-1954 architect lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 10421<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Evelyn Waugh]] <br />
| subject_dates = (1903–1966) <br />
| inscription = "Writer lived here"<br />
| street_address = 145 North End Road <br />
| town = [[Golders Green]] NW11 7HT<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.5695390001434|-0.186159999954028}}<br />
| year = 1993<br />
| image = Evelyn Waugh 1903 - 1966 writer lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 702 <br />
| notes = <br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Bexley ===<br />
There are two blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Bexley]].<ref name='EngHetBex'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/search/#?showTotals=true&terms=&mode=BluePlaques&borough=London%20Borough%20of%20Bexley|work=Blue plaques search – Bexley|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=31 August 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Plaque table header}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[William Morris]]<br />
* [[Philip Webb]]<br />
}}<br />
| subject_dates = {{Plainlist|<br />
* (1834–1896)<br />
* (1831–1915)<br />
}}<br />
| inscription = "Red House built in 1859–1860 by Philip Webb, architect for William Morris poet and artist who lived here 1860–1865"<br />
| street_address = [[Red House, Bexleyheath|Red House]], Red House Lane<br />
| town = [[Bexleyheath]] DA6 8JF<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 1969<br />
| image = RED HOUSE built in 1859-1860 by Philip Webb architect for WILLIAM MORRIS poet and artist who lived here 1860-1865.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 433<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1769–1822)<br />
| inscription = "Statesman"<br />
| street_address = Loring Hall, 8 Water Lane, North Cray<br />
| town = [[Sidcup]] DA14 5ES<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 1989<br />
| image = VISCOUNT CASTLEREAGH 1769-1822 Statesman lived and died here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 292<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Brent ===<br />
There are two blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Brent]].<ref name='EngHetBrent'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/#?pageBP=1&sizeBP=975&borBP=5&keyBP=&catBP=0|work=Blue plaques search – Brent|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=3 October 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Plaque table header}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Sir Hersch Lauterpacht]] (Hersch Lauterpacht)<br />
| subject_dates = 1897–1960<br />
| inscription = "An architect of modern international law and human rights lived here"<br />
| street_address = 103 Walm Lane<br />
| town = [[Cricklewood]] NW2 4QG<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| year = 2022<br />
| image = Sir Hersch Lauterpacht 1897–1960 An architect of modern international law and human rights lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 57533<br />
|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Arthur Lucan]] (Arthur Trowle)<br />
| subject_dates = 1887–1954 (see notes)<br />
| inscription = "Entertainer and creator of Old Mother Riley"<br />
| street_address = 11 Forty Lane<br />
| town = [[Wembley]] HA9 9EA<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| year = 1978<br />
| image = ARTHUR LUCAN (ARTHUR TOWLE) 1887-1954 Entertainer and creator of Old Mother Riley lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 421<br />
| notes = The birth date listed on the plaque is incorrect, as Lucan was born in 1885.<ref name='EngHetLucan'>{{cite web|title=Arthur Lucan (1885–1954) |url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/search/lucan-arthur-1887-1954-a.k.a.-arthur-towle-old-mother-riley|work=Blue plaque search – Arthur Lucan|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Bromley ===<br />
There are seven blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Bromley]].<ref name='EngHetBrom'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/#?pageBP=1&sizeBP=7&borBP=6&keyBP=&catBP=0|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=22 August 2022}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Person<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Inscription<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Address<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Year issued<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Photo<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ira Aldridge]]<br/>(1807–1867)<br />
| "Shakespearian Actor 'The African Roscius' lived here"<br />
| 5 Hamlet Road<br/>[[Upper Norwood]] SE19 2AP<br />
| 2007<br />
|[[File:IRA_ALDRIDGE_1807-1867_Shakespearian_Actor_%27The_African_Roscius%27_lived_here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[W. G. Grace]]<br/>(1848–1915)<br />
| "Cricketer lived here"<br />
| Fairmount, Mottingham Lane<br/>[[Mottingham]] SE9 9AG<br />
| 1963<br />
|[[File:W.G. GRACE 1848-1915 CRICKETER lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Peter Kropotkin|Prince Peter Kropotkin]]<br/>(1842–1921)<br />
| "Theorist of Anarchism lived here"<br />
| 6 Crescent Road<br/>[[Sundridge Park]] BR1 3PW<br />
| 1989<br />
|[[File:Prince PETER KROPOTKIN 1842-1921 Theorist of Anarchism lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Alexander Muirhead]]<br/>(1848–1920)<br />
| "Electrical Engineer lived here"<br />
| 20 Church Road<br/>[[Shortlands]] BR2 0HP<br />
| 1981<br />
|[[File:ALEXANDER MUIRHEAD 1848-1920 Electrical Engineer lived here.jpg|100px]] <br />
|-<br />
| [[Rachel McMillan]]<br/>(1859–1917) and [[Margaret McMillan]]<br/>(1860–1931)<br />
| "Pioneers of Nursery Education lodged here"<br />
| 51 Tweedy Road<br/>[[Bromley]] BR1 3NH<br />
| 2009<br />
|[[File:RACHEL McMILLAN 1859-1917 MARGARET McMILLAN 1860-1931 Pioneers of Nursery Education lodged here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dadabhai Naoroji]]<br/>(1825-1917)<br />
| "Indian nationalist and MP lived here"<br />
| 72 Anerley Park<br/>[[Penge]] SE20 8NQ<br />
| 2022<br />
|[[File:DADABHAI_NAOROJI_1825%E2%80%931917_Indian_Nationalist_and_MP_lived_here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Marie Stopes]]<br/>(1880–1958)<br />
| "Promoter of sex education and birth control lived here 1880–1892"<br />
| 28 Cintra Park<br/>[[Upper Norwood]] SE19 2LH<br />
| 2010<br />
| [[File:Marie Stopes 28 Cintra Park blue plaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Camden ===<br />
{{Main|List of English Heritage blue plaques in Camden}}<br />
There are 176 blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Camden]].<ref name='EngHetCam'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/#?pageBP=1&sizeBP=975&borBP=7&keyBP=&catBP=0|work=Blue plaques search – Camden|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=7 March 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Croydon ===<br />
There are eleven blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Croydon]].<ref name='EngHetCro'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/#?pageBP=1&sizeBP=12&borBP=London%20Borough%20of%20Croydon&keyBP=&catBP=|work=Blue plaques search – Croydon|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=10 July 2018}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Person<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Inscription<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Address<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Year issued<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Photo<br />
|-<br />
| [[Raymond Chandler]]<br/>(1888-1959)<br />
| "Writer Lived Here"<br />
| 110 Auckland Road<br/>[[Upper Norwood]] SE19 2BY<br />
| 2014<br />
| [[File:Raymond_Chandler_-_1888_-_1959_Writer_lived_here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Samuel Coleridge-Taylor]]<br/>(1875–1912)<br />
| "Composer of the '[[The Song of Hiawatha (Coleridge-Taylor)|Song of Hiawatha]]' lived here"<br />
| 30 Dagnall Park<br/>[[South Norwood]] SE25 5PH<br />
| 1975<br />
| [[File:Blue Plaque for Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, Dagnell Park, Selhurst - geograph.org.uk - 1466227.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arthur Conan Doyle|Sir Arthur Conan Doyle]]<br/>(1859–1930)<br />
| "Creator of [[Sherlock Holmes]] lived here 1891–1894"<br />
| 12 Tennison Road<br/>North Norwood SE25 5RT<br />
| 1973<br />
| [[File:SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE 1859-1930 Creator of Sherlock Holmes lived here 1891-1894.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Frederick George Creed]]<br/>(1871–1957)<br />
| "Electrical Engineer Inventor of the [[Teleprinter]] lived and died here"<br />
| 20 Outram Road<br/>[[Addiscombe]] CR0 6XE<br />
| 1973<br />
|[[File:FREDERICK GEORGE CREED 1871-1957 Electrical Engineer Inventor of the Teleprinter lived and died here.jpg|100px]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[Peter Cushing]]<br/>(1913-1994)<br />
| "Actor lived here"<br />
| 32 St James' Road<br/>[[Purley, London|Purley]] CR8 2DL<br />
| 2018<br />
| [[File:Peter Cushing 1913-1994 Actor lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[C. B. Fry]]<br/>(1872–1956)<br />
| "All-round Sportsman was born here"<br />
| 144 St James's Road<br/>[[Croydon]] CR0 2UY<br />
| 2005<br />
| [[File:C.B. FRY 1872-1956 All-round Sportsman was born here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Will Hay]]<br/>(1888–1949)<br />
| "Comic Actor and Astronomer lived here 1927–1934"<br />
| 45 The Chase<br/>[[Norbury]] SW16 3AE<br />
| 2000<br />
| [[File:WILL HAY 1888-1949 Comic Actor and Astronomer lived here 1927-1934.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Horniman]]<br/>(1803–1893) and [[Frederick John Horniman]]<br/>(1835–1906)<br />
| "Tea Merchants, Collectors and Public Benefactors lived here"<br />
| Coombe Cliff, Coombe Road<br/>[[Croydon]] CR0 5SP<br />
| 1988<br />
| [[File:JOHN HORNIMAN 1803-1893 and FREDERICK JOHN HORNIMAN 1835-1906 Tea Merchants Collectors and Public Benefactors lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[William Stanley (inventor)|W. F. R. Stanley]]<br/>(1829–1909)<br />
| "Inventor, Manufacturer and Philanthropist founded and designed these halls and technical school"<br />
| Stanley Halls, 12 South Norwood Hill<br/>[[South Norwood]] SE25 6AB<br />
| 1993<br />
| [[File:W.F.R. STANLEY Blue Plaque at Stanley Halls 12 South Norwood Hill.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Alfred Russel Wallace]]<br/>(1823–1913)<br />
| "Naturalist lived here"<br />
| 44 St Peter's Road<br/>[[South Croydon]] CR0 1RG<br />
| 1979<br />
| [[File:ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE 1823-1913 Naturalist lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Emile Zola]]<br/>(1840–1902)<br />
| "French Novelist lived here 1898–1899"<br />
| Queen's Hotel, 122 Church Road<br/>[[Upper Norwood]] SE19 2UG<br />
| 1990<br />
|[[File:EMILE ZOLA 1840-1902 French Novelist lived here 1898-1899.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Ealing ===<br />
There are six blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Ealing]].<ref name='EngHetEal'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/#?pageBP=1&sizeBP=975&borBP=9&keyBP=&catBP=0|work=Blue plaques search – Ealing|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Person<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Inscription<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Address<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Year issued<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Photo<br />
|-<br />
| [[Michael Balcon|Sir Michael Balcon]]<br/>(1896–1977)<br />
| "Film Producer worked here 1938–1956"<br />
| [[Ealing Studios]], Ealing Green<br/>[[Ealing]] W5 5EP<br />
| 2005<br />
| [[File:Sir MICHAEL BALCON 1896-1977 Film Producer worked here 1938-1956.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Alan Dower Blumlein]]<br/>(1903–1942)<br />
| "Electronics Engineer and Inventor lived here"<br />
| 37 The Ridings, [[Hanger Hill]]<br/>[[Ealing]] W5 3BT<br />
| 1977<br />
| [[File:ALAN DOWER BLUMLEIN 1903-1942 Electronics Engineer and Inventor lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dorothea Lambert Chambers]]<br/>(1878–1960)<br />
| "Lawn Tennis Champion lived here 1887–1907"<br />
| 7 North Common Road<br />[[Ealing]] W5 2QB<br />
| 2005<br />
| [[File:DOROTHEA LAMBERT CHAMBERS 1878-1960 Lawn Tennis Champion lived here 1887-1907.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Conolly]]<br/>(1794–1866)<br/>[[St Bernard's Hospital, Hanwell|Hanwell Asylum]]<br />
| "The former Hanwell Asylum where Dr John Conolly 1794–1866 promoted the humane treatment of mental illness from 1839"<br />
| C Block, St Bernard’s Hospital, Uxbridge Road,<br/>[[Southall]], London, UB1 3EUJ<br />
| 2022<br />
|[[File:The former HANWELL ASYLUM where Dr JOHN CONOLLY 1794–1866 promoted the humane treatment of mental illness from 1839.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Lindley]]<br/>(1799–1865)<br />
| "Botanist and Pioneer Orchidologist lived here from 1836 and died here"<br />
| Bedford House, The Avenue<br/>[[Acton Green, London|Acton Green]] W4 2PJ<br />
| 2005<br />
|[[file:JOHN LINDLEY 1799-1865 Botanist and Pioneer Orchidologist lived here from 1836 and died here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Fred Perry]]<br/>(1909–1995)<br />
| "Tennis Champion lived here 1919–1935"<br />
| 223 Pitshanger Lane, Brentham Garden Estate<br/>[[Ealing]] W5 1RG<br />
| 2012<br />
|[[File:FRED PERRY 1909-1995 Tennis Champion lived here 1919-1935.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Richard Titmuss]]<br/>(1907–1973)<br />
| "Social Scientist lived here 1951–1973"<br />
| 32 Twyford Avenue<br/>[[Acton, London|Acton]] W3 9QB<br />
| 2011<br />
|[[File:RICHARD TITMUSS 1907-1973 Social Scientist lived here 1951-1973.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Enfield ===<br />
There are four blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Enfield]].<ref name='EngHetEnf'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/search/#?showTotals=true&terms=&mode=BluePlaques&borough=London%20Borough%20of%20Enfield|work=Blue plaques search – Enfield|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=31 August 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Plaque table header}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Charles Coward]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1905–1976)<br />
| inscription = "Rescuer of Prisoners from [[Auschwitz]] lived here 1945–1976"<br />
| street_address = 133 Chichester Road<br />
| town = [[Edmonton, London|Edmonton]] N9 9DF<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 2003<br />
| image = Charles_Coward_1905_–_1976_Rescuer_of_prisoners_from_Auschwitz_lived_here_1945_-_1976.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 6494<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[Charles Lamb]]<br />
* [[Mary Lamb]]<br />
}}<br />
| subject_dates = {{Plainlist|<br />
* (1775–1834)<br />
* (1764–1847)<br />
}}<br />
| inscription = "Writers lived here"<br />
| street_address = Lamb's Cottage, Church Street<br />
| town = [[Edmonton, London|Edmonton]] N9 9DY<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 1999<br />
| image = Charles_Lamb_1775-1834_and_Mary_Lamb_1764-1847_writers_lived_here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 479<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Stevie Smith]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1902–1971)<br />
| inscription = "Poet lived here 1906–1971"<br />
| street_address = 1 Avondale Road<br />
| town = [[Palmers Green]] N13 4DX<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 2005<br />
| image = Stevie Smith - English Heritage Blue Plaque.JPG <br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 275<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Joseph Whitaker (publisher)|Joseph Whitaker]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1820–1895)<br />
| inscription = "Publisher Founder of [[Whitaker's Almanack]] lived and died here"<br />
| street_address = White Lodge, 68 Silver Street<br />
| town = [[Enfield Town|Enfield]] EN1 3EW<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 1998<br />
| image = Blue Plaque on The White House, Silver Street, Enfield - geograph.org.uk - 1085780.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 14<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Greenwich ===<br />
There are 16 blue plaques in the [[Royal Borough of Greenwich]].<ref name='EngHetGren'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/#?page=1&size=12&bor=London%20Borough%20of%20Greenwich&key=&loc=&yr=|work=Blue plaques search – Greenwich|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=5 June 2015}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Person or institution<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Inscription<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Address<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Year issued<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Photo<br />
|-<br />
| [[William Henry Barlow]]<br/>(1812–1902)<br />
| "Engineer lived and died here"<br />
| 145 Charlton Road<br/>[[Charlton, London|Charlton]] SE7 7EZ<br />
| 1991<br />
| [[File:Plaque to William Barlow - Highcombe, Charlton - geograph.org.uk - 1541623.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cecil Day-Lewis]]<br/>(1904–1972)<br />
| "Poet Laureate lived here 1957–1972"<br />
| 6 [[Croom's Hill]]<br/>[[Greenwich]] SE10 8HL<br />
| 1998<br />
| [[File:C. Day-Lewis - Blue plaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Frank Dyson|Sir Frank Dyson]]<br/>(1868–1939)<br />
| "[[Astronomer Royal]] lived here 1894–1906"<br />
| 6 Vanbrugh Hill<br/>[[Blackheath, London|Blackheath]] SE3 7UF<br />
| 1990<br />
| [[File:DysonPlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arthur Eddington|Sir Arthur Eddington O. M.]]<br/>(1882–1944)<br />
| "Mathematician and Astrophysicist lived here"<br />
| 4 Bennett Park<br/>[[Blackheath, London|Blackheath]] SE3 9RB<br />
| 1974<br />
| [[File:EddingtonPlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[GPO Film Unit]]<br />
| "[[GPO Film Unit]] later [[Crown Film Unit]]; pioneers of documentary film making had their studios here"<br />
| 47 Bennett Park<br/>[[Blackheath, London|Blackheath]] SE3 9RA<br />
| 2000<br />
| [[File:GPOPlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Charles Gounod]]<br/>(1813–1893)<br />
| "Composer stayed here in 1870"<br />
| 15 Morden Road<br/>[[Blackheath, London|Blackheath]] SE3 0AA<br />
| 1961<br />
| [[File:Charles GOUNOD 1818-1893 Composer stayed here in 1870.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]<br/>(1804–1864)<br />
| "American author stayed here in 1856"<br />
| 4 Pond Road<br/>[[Blackheath, London|Blackheath]] SE3 9JL<br />
| 1953<br />
| [[File:Nathaniel HAWTHORNE 1804-1864 American Author stayed here in 1856.JPG|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Richard Jefferies]]<br/>(1848–1887)<br />
| "Naturalist and Writer lived here"<br />
| 59 Footscray Road<br/>[[Eltham]] SE9 2ST<br />
| 1986<br />
| [[File:Richard JEFFERIES 1848-1887 Naturalist and Writer lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[William Lindley]]<br/>1808–1900 and Sir [[William Heerlein Lindley]]<br/>1853–1917<br />
| "Civil Engineers lived here"<br />
| 74 Shooters Hill<br/>[[Blackheath, London|Blackheath]] SE3 7BG<br />
|2015<br />
|[[File:WILLIAM LINDLEY 1808-1900 Sir WILLIAM HEERLEIN LINDLEY 1853-1917 Civil Engineers lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Herbert Morrison|Herbert Morrison, Baron Morrison of Lambeth]]<br/>(1888–1965)<br />
| "Cabinet Minister and Leader of the [[London County Council]] lived here 1929–1960"<br />
| 55 Archery Road<br/>[[Eltham]] SE9 1HF<br />
| 1977<br />
| [[File:Herbert Morrison Lord Morrison of Lambeth 1888-1965 Cabinet Minister and Leader of the London County Council lived here 1929-1960.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Donald McGill]]<br/>(1875–1962)<br />
| "Postcard Cartoonist lived here"<br />
| 5 Bennett Park<br/>[[Blackheath, London|Blackheath]] SE3 9RA<br />
| 1977<br />
| [[File:Donald McGill 1875-1962 Postcard Cartoonist lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield]]<br/>(1694–1773)<br />
| "Statesman and author Lived here"<br />
| [[Ranger's House]], Chesterfield Walk<br/>[[Blackheath, London|Blackheath]] SE10 8QX<br />
| 1937<br />
| [[File:ChesterfieldPlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Italo Svevo]]<br/>(1861–1928)<br />
| "Ettore Schmitz alias Italo Svevo 1861–1928 Writer lived here 1903–1913"<br />
| 67 Charlton Church Lane<br/>[[Charlton, London|Charlton]] SE7 7AB<br />
| 1999<br />
| [[File:ItaloSvevoPlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Benjamin Waugh]]<br/>(1839–1908)<br />
| "Founder of the [[National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children|NSPCC]] lived here"<br />
| 26 [[Croom's Hill]]<br/>[[Greenwich]] SE10 8ER<br />
| 1984<br />
| [[File:Benjamin Waugh blue plaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[James Wolfe|General James Wolfe]]<br/>(1727–1759)<br />
| "Victor of Quebec lived here"<br />
| Macartney House<br/>[[Greenwich Park]] SE10 8HJ<br />
| 1909<br />
| [[File:General James WOLFE (1727-1759) Victor of Quebec lived here..JPG|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley]]<br/>(1833–1913)<br />
| "Field-Marshal Lived here"<br />
| [[Ranger's House]], Chesterfield Walk<br/>[[Blackheath, London|Blackheath]] SE10 8QX<br />
| 1937<br />
| [[File:GarnetPlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Hackney ===<br />
There are eight blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Hackney]].<ref name='EngHetHack'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/search/#?showTotals=true&terms=&mode=BluePlaques&borough=London%20Borough%20of%20Hackney|work=Blue plaques search – Hackney|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=31 August 2014}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Person or institution<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Inscription<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Address<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Year issued<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Photo<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ayahs' Home|The Ayahs’ Home]]<br />
|"The AYAHS’ HOME for nannies and nursemaids from Asia was based here 1900–1921"<br />
|26 King Edward’s Road, [[Hackney, London|Hackney]], E9 7SF<br />
|2022<br />
|[[File:The AYAHS’ HOME for nannies and nursemaids from Asia was based here 1900–1921.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Daniel Defoe]]<br/>(1661–1731)<br />
| "Lived in a house on this site"<br />
| 95 [[Stoke Newington Church Street]]<br/>[[Stoke Newington]] N16 0AS<br />
| 1932<br />
| [[File:Daniel Defoe (1661-1731) lived in a house on this site..jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Maria Dickin]]<br/>(1870–1951)<br />
| "Promoter of animal welfare and founder of PDSA was born here"<br />
| 41 Cassland Road<br/>[[London Borough of Hackney|Hackney]] E9 7AL<br />
| 2015<br />
| [[File:Maria Dickin 1870 - 1951 Promoter of animal welfare and founder of the PDSA was born here.jpg|100px]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[Philip Henry Gosse]]<br/>(1810–1888) and [[Edmund Gosse|Sir Edmund Gosse]]<br/>(1849–1928)<br />
| "Here lived Philip Henry Gosse 1810–1888 Zoologist Sir Edmund Gosse 1849–1928 Writer and Critic born here"<br />
| 56 Mortimer Road<br/>[[De Beauvoir Town]] N1 5AP<br />
| 1983<br />
| [[File:Philip and Edmund Gosse - Blue Plaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ebenezer Howard]]<br/>(1850–1928)<br />
| "Pioneer of the [[Garden city movement]] lived here"<br />
| 50 Durley Road<br/>[[Stamford Hill]] N16 6JS<br />
| 1991<br />
| [[File:Ebenezer Howard Blue Plaque.JPG|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Marie Lloyd]]<br/>(1870–1922)<br />
| "[[Music hall]] Artiste lived here"<br />
| 55 Graham Road<br/>[[London Borough of Hackney|Hackney]] E8 1PB<br />
| 1977<br />
| [[File:Marie Lloyd plaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Joseph Priestley]]<br/>(1733–1804)<br />
| "Scientist, Philosopher and Theologian was Minister to the [[Gravel Pit Chapel|Gravel Pit Meeting]] here in 1793–1794"<br />
| 7–8 Ram Place<br/>[[London Borough of Hackney|Hackney]] E9 6LT<br />
| 1985<br />
| [[File:JOSEPH PRIESTLEY 1733-1804 Scientist, Philosopher and Theologian was Minister to the Gravel Pit Meeting here in 1793-1794.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Curtain Theatre]]<br />
| "The site of this building forms part of what was once the precinct of the priory of St. John the Baptist, Holywell, within a few yards stood from 1577 to 1598, the first London building specially devoted to the performance of plays, and known as "The Theatre"<br />
| 86–88 Curtain Road<br/>[[Shoreditch]] EC2A 3AA<br />
| 1920<br />
| [[File:The Theatre (1577 – 1598) commemorative plaque.JPG|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Hammersmith and Fulham ===<br />
There are 25 blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham]].<ref name='EngHetHF'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/#?pageBP=1&sizeBP=12&borBP=13&keyBP=&catBP=0|work=Blue plaques search – Hammersmith and Fulham|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=7 June 2023}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Person or institution<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Inscription<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Address<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Year issued<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Photo<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sri Aurobindo]]<br/>(1872–1950)<br />
| "Indian Spiritual Leader lived here 1884–1887"<br />
| 49 St Stephen's Avenue<br/>[[Shepherd's Bush]] W12 8JB<br />
| 2007<br />
| [[File:Blue Plaque Sri Aurobindo Indian Spiritual Leader lived here 1884-1887.JPG|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Frank Brangwyn|Sir Frank Brangwyn]]<br/>(1867–1956)<br />
| "Artist lived here"<br />
| [[Temple Lodge]], 51 Queen Caroline Street<br/>[[Hammersmith]] W6 9QL<br />
| 1989<br />
| [[File:Temple Lodge, Hammersmith, London 04.JPG|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Thomas James Cobden-Sanderson]]<br/>(1840–1922)<br />
| "Founded the Doves Bindery and Doves Press in this house and later lived and died here"<br />
| 15 Upper Mall<br/>[[Chiswick]] W6 9TA<br />
| 1974<br />
| [[File:ThomasCobdenSandersonBluePlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]]<br/>(1772–1834)<br />
| "Poet and philosopher lived here"<br />
| 7 Addison Bridge Place<br/>[[West Kensington]] W14 8XP<br />
| 1950<br />
| [[File:SamuelTaylorColeridgeBluePlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
| [[Ellen and William Craft|Ellen Craft]]<br/>(''c''.1829–''c''.1891)<br/>[[Ellen and William Craft|William Craft]]<br/>(''c''.1824-1900)<br />
| "Refugees from slavery and campaigners for its abolition lived here"<br />
| 26 Cambridge Grove<br/>[[Hammersmith]] W6 0LA<br />
| 1950<br />
| [[File:ELLEN CRAFT c.1826–c.1891 WILLIAM CRAFT c.1824–1900 Refugees from slavery and campaigners for its abolition lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Emily Davison|Emily Wilding Davison]]<br/>(1872–1913)<br />
| "Teacher and [[Suffragette]] lived here"<br />
| 43 Fairholme Road, [[West Kensington]] W14 9JZ<br />
| 2023<br />
| [[File:EMILY WILDING DAVISON 1872–1913 Teacher and Suffragette lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Geoffrey De Havilland|Sir Geoffrey De Havilland]]<br/>(1882–1965)<br />
| "Aircraft designer lived here 1909–1910"<br />
| 32 Baron's Court Road<br/>[[Barons Court]] W14 9DT<br />
| 2001<br />
| [[File:GeoffreyDeHavillandBluePlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ouida]]<br/>(1839–1908)<br />
| "Novelist lived here"<br />
| 11 Ravenscourt Square<br/>[[Hammersmith]] W6 0TW<br />
| 1952<br />
| [[File:OuidaFieldingBluePlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[George Devine]]<br/>(1910–1966)<br />
| "Actor Artistic Director of the [[Royal Court Theatre]] 1956–1965 lived here"<br />
| 9 Lower Mall<br/>[[Chiswick]] W6 9DJ<br />
| 1992<br />
| [[File:GEORGE DEVINE 1910-1966 Actor Artistic Director of the Royal Court Theatre 1956-1965 lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Edward Elgar|Sir Edward Elgar]]<br/>(1857–1934)<br />
| "Composer lived here 1890–1891"<br />
| 51 Avonmore Road<br/>[[West Kensington]] W14 8RT<br />
| 1962<br />
| [[File:SIR EDWARD ELGAR 1857-1934 Composer lived here 1890-1891.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mahatma Gandhi]]<br/>(1869–1948)<br />
| "Lived here as a law student"<br />
| 20 Baron's Court Road<br/>[[Barons Court]] W14 9DT<br />
| 1986<br />
| [[File:MAHATMA GANDHI 1869-1948 lived here as a law student.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Marcus Garvey]]<br/>(1887–1940)<br />
| "Pan-Africanist Leader lived and died here"<br />
| 53 Talgarth Road<br/>[[Barons Court]] W14 9DD<br />
| 2005<br />
| [[File:MarcusGarveyBluePlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Eugene Aynsley Goossens|Sir Eugene Goossens]]<br/>(1893–1962)<br />
| "This was the home of the Goossens family of musicians 1912–1927"<br />
| 70 Edith Road<br/>[[West Kensington]] W14 9AR<br />
| 1999<br />
| [[File:GoossensFamilyBluePlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[H. Rider Haggard|Sir Henry Rider Haggard]]<br/>(1856–1925)<br />
| "Novelist lived here 1885–1888"<br />
| 69 Gunterstone Road<br/>[[West Kensington]] W14 9BS<br />
| 1977<br />
| [[File:HRiderHaggardBluePlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[A. P. Herbert|Sir Alan Herbert (A. P .H.)]]<br/>(1890–1971)<br />
| "Author, Humourist and reformist M.P. lived and died here"<br />
| 12 [[Hammersmith Terrace]]<br/>[[Chiswick]] W6 9TS<br />
| 1993<br />
| [[File:Alan Herbert Blue Plaque Hammersmith Terrace 01.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gustav Holst]]<br/>(1874–1934)<br />
| "Composer wrote ''[[The Planets]]'' and taught here"<br />
| [[St Paul's Girls' School]]<br/>[[Brook Green]] W6 7BS<br />
| 2004<br />
| [[File:St Paul's Girls' School, London 03.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Edward Johnston]]<br/>(1872–1944)<br />
| "Master Calligrapher lived here 1905–1912"<br />
| 3 [[Hammersmith Terrace]]<br/>[[Chiswick]] W6 9TS<br />
| 1977<br />
| [[File:EdwardJohnstonBluePlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Harold Laski]]<br/>(1893–1950)<br />
| "Teacher and political philosopher lived here 1926–1950"<br />
| 5 Addison Bridge Place<br/>[[West Kensington]] W14 8XP<br />
| 1974<br />
| [[File:HaroldLaskiBluePlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
| [[Joseph Lyons (caterer)|Sir Joseph Lyons]]<br/>(1847–1917)<br />
| "Pioneer of mass catering lived here"<br />
| 11a Palace Mansions, Earsby Street<br/>[[West Kensington]] W14 8QN<br />
| 2016<br />
| [[File:Sir Joseph Lyons 1847-1917 Pioneer of mass catering lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
| [[John Osborne]]<br/>(1929–1994)<br />
| "Playwright lived here in a ground floor flat 1951–1955"<br />
| 53 Caithness Road<br/>[[Hammersmith]] W14 0JD<br />
| 2021<br />
| [[File:JOHN OSBORNE 1929–1994 Playwright lived here in a ground floor flat 1951–1955.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
| [[Eric Ravilious]]<br/>(1903–1942)<br />
| "Artist lived here 1931–1935"<br />
| 48 Upper Mall<br/>[[Chiswick]] W6 9TA<br />
| 1991<br />
| [[File:HenryFieldingBluePlaque 19.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Frank Short|Sir Frank Short]]<br/>(1857–1945)<br />
| "Engraver and painter lived here"<br />
| 56 Brook Green<br/>[[Brook Green]] W6 7BJ<br />
| 1951<br />
| [[File:56 Brook Green, Hammersmith, London 03.JPG|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Silver Studio]]<br/><small>Arthur Silver (1853–1896)<br/>Harry Silver (1881–1971)<br/>Rex Silver (1879–1965)</small><br />
| "The Silver Studio established here. Designers worked here."<br />
| 84 Brook Green Road<br/>[[Brook Green]] W6 7BS<br />
| 1981<br />
| [[File:84 Brook Green, Hammersmith, London 01.JPG|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Emery Walker|Sir Emery Walker]]<br/>(1851–1933)<br />
| "Typographer and antiquary lived here 1903–1933"<br />
| [[Emery Walker house]], 7 Hammersmith Terrace<br/>[[Chiswick]] W6 9TS<br />
| 1959<br />
| [[File:EmeryWalkerBluePlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Christopher Whitworth Whall]]<br/>(1849–1924)<br />
| "Stained Glass Artist lived here"<br />
| 19 Ravenscourt Road<br/>[[Hammersmith]] W6 0UH<br />
| 1983<br />
| [[File:ChristopherWhallBluePlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Haringey ===<br />
There are ten blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Haringey]].<ref name='EngHetHaringey'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/search/#?showTotals=true&terms=&mode=BluePlaques&borough=London%20Borough%20of%20Haringey|work=Blue plaques search – Haringey|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Person or institution<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Inscription<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Address<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Year issued<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Photo<br />
|-<br />
| [[Laurie Cunningham]]<br/>(1956–1989)<br />
| "England International Footballer lived here"<ref>{{cite web|title=Cunningham, Laurie (1956–1989)|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/cunningham-laurie-1956-1989|access-date=25 September 2016}}</ref><br />
| 73 Lancaster Road<br/>[[Stroud Green]] N4 4PL<br />
| 2016<br />
| [[File:LAURIE CUNNINGHAM 1956-1989 England International Footballer lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Archibald Hill|A. V. Hill]]<br/>(1886–1977)<br />
| "Physiologist lived here 1923–1967"<ref>{{cite web|title=A.V. HILL, Nobel Prize winner and Sports Medicine Pioneer|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/about-us/search-news/av_hill_blue_plaque|access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref><br />
| 16 Bishopswood Road<br/>[[Highgate]] N6 4NY<br />
| 2015<br />
| [[File:A. V. HILL 1886–1977 Physiologist lived here 1923 – 1967.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[A. E. Housman]]<br/>(1859–1936)<br />
| "Poet and scholar wrote "[[A Shropshire Lad]]" while living here"<br />
| 17 North Road<br/>[[Highgate]] N6 4BD<br />
| 1969<br />
| [[File:A.E. HOUSMAN 1859-1936 POET and SCHOLAR wrote A SHROPSHIRE LAD while living here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Luke Howard]]<br/>(1772–1864)<br />
| "Namer of Clouds lived and died here"<br />
| 7 Bruce Grove<br/>[[Tottenham]] N17 6RA<br />
| 2002<br />
| [[File:Luke Howard blue plaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[BBC Television]]<br />
| "The world's first regular high definition television service was inaugurated here by the BBC 2 November 1936"<br />
| [[Alexandra Palace]]<br/>[[Wood Green]] N22 7AY<br />
| 1977<br />
| [[File:The world's first regular high definition television service was inaugurated here by the BBC 2 November 1936.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mary Kingsley]]<br/>(1862–1900)<br />
| "Traveller and ethnologist lived here as a child"<br />
| 22 Southwood Lane<br/>[[Highgate]] N6 5EE<br />
| 1975<br />
| [[File:MARY KINGSLEY 1862-1900 Traveller and ethnologist lived here as a child.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Frank Matcham]]<br/>(1854–1920)<br />
| "Theatre Architect lived here 1895–1904"<br />
| 10 Haslemere Road<br/>[[Crouch End]] N8 9QX<br />
| 2007<br />
|[[File:FRANK MATCHAM 1854-1920 Theatre Architect lived here 1895-1904.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[V. K. Krishna Menon]]<br/>(1896–1974)<br />
| "Campaigner for Indian Independence lived here"<br />
| 30 Langdon Park Road<br/>[[Highgate]] N6 5QG<br />
| 2013<br />
| [[File:V.K. KRISHNA MENON 1896-1974 Campaigner for Indian Independence lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]]<br/>(1883–1966)<br />
| "Indian Patriot and Philosopher lived here"<br />
| [[India House|65 Cromwell Avenue]]<br/> [[Highgate]] N6 5HS<br />
| 1985<br />
| [[File:VINAYAK DAMODAR SAVARKAR's residence (English Heritage blue plaque).jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arthur Waley]]<br/>(1889–1966)<br />
| "Poet, Translator and Orientalist lived and died here"<br />
| 50 Southwood Lane<br/>[[Highgate]] N6 9TS<br />
| 1995<br />
|[[File:ARTHUR WALEY 1889-1966 Poet Translator and Orientalist lived and died here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Harrow ===<br />
There are four blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Harrow]].<ref name='EngHetHar'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/search/#?showTotals=true&terms=&mode=BluePlaques&borough=London%20Borough%20of%20Harrow|work=Blue plaques search – Harrow|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=31 August 2014}}</ref><br />
{{Plaque table header}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[R. M. Ballantyne]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1825–1894)<br />
| inscription = "Author of Books for Boys lived here"<br />
| street_address = Duneaves, Mount Park Road<br />
| town = [[Harrow, London|Harrow]] HA1 3JS<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 1979<br />
| image = R.M. BALLANTYNE 1825-1894 Author of Books for Boys lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 461<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Ambrose Heal|Sir Ambrose Heal]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1872–1959)<br />
| inscription = "Furniture Designer and Retailer lived here 1901–1917"<br />
| street_address = The Fives Court, Moss Lane<br />
| town = [[Pinner]] HA5 3AG<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 2013<br />
| image = Sir AMBROSE HEAL 1872-1959 Furniture Designer and Retailer lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 33138<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[W. Heath Robinson]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1872–1944)<br />
| inscription = "Illustrator and comic artist lived here 1913–1918"<br />
| street_address = 75 Moss Lane<br />
| town = [[Pinner]] HA5 3AZ<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 1976<br />
| image = W. HEATH ROBINSON 1872-1944 Illustrator and comic artist lived here 1913-1918.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 632<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[W. S. Gilbert|Sir W.S. Gilbert]]<br/>(1836–1911) and [[Frederick Goodall]]<br/>(1822–1904) and [[Richard Norman Shaw]]<br/>(1831–1912)<br />
| subject_dates =<br />
| inscription = "This house designed by [[Richard Norman Shaw|Norman Shaw]] Architect, for [[Frederick Goodall]] Painter was later the home of [[W.S. Gilbert]] Writer and librettist"<br />
| street_address = [[Grim's Dyke]], Old Redding<br />
| town = [[Harrow Weald]] HA3 6SH<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 1976<br />
| image = This house designed by NORMAN SHAW Architect for FREDERICK GOODALL Painter was later the home of W.S. GILBERT Writer and librettist.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 10161<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Hounslow ===<br />
There are ten blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Hounslow]].<ref name='EngHetH'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/search/#?showTotals=true&terms=&mode=BluePlaques&borough=London%20Borough%20of%20Hounslow|work=Blue plaques search – Hounslow|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=31 August 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Plaque table header}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Jack Beresford]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1899–1977)<br />
| inscription = "Olympic Rowing Champion lived here 1903–1940"<br />
| street_address = 19 Grove Park Gardens<br />
| town = [[Chiswick]] W4 3RY<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 2005<br />
| image = JACK BERESFORD 1899-1977 Olympic Rowing Champion lived here 1903-1940.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 358<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Tommy Cooper]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1921–1984)<br />
| inscription = "Comedian lived here 1955–1984"<br />
| street_address = 51 Barrowgate Road<br />
| town = [[Chiswick]] W4 4QT<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 2016<br />
| image = TOMMY COOPER 1921-1984 Comedian lived here 1955-1984.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 41326<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[E. M. Forster]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1879–1970)<br />
| inscription = "Novelist lived here"<br />
| street_address = Arlington Park Mansions, Sutton Lane<br />
| town = [[Turnham Green]] W4 4HE<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 1983<br />
| image = E.M. FORSTER 1879-1970 Novelist lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 495<br />
| notes = The plaque was designed to fit into a narrow space, and is only twelve inches (30.5&nbsp;cm) in diameter.<ref name='EngHetForster'>{{cite web|title=E. M. Forster (1879–1970) |url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/search/forster-e.m.-1879-1970|work=Blue plaque search – E. M. Forster|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Joseph Gandy|Joseph Michael Gandy]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1771–1843)<br />
| inscription = "Architectural Visionary lived here 1833–1838"<br />
| street_address = 58 Grove Park Terrace<br />
| town = [[Chiswick]] W4 3QE<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 2006<br />
| image = JOSEPH MICHAEL GANDY 1771-1843 Architectural Visionary lived here 1833-1838.jpg <br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 219<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Patrick Hamilton (writer)|Patrick Hamilton]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1904–1962)<br />
| inscription = "Novelist and Playwright lived here"<br />
| street_address = 2 Burlington Gardens<br />
| town = [[Chiswick]] W4 4LT<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 2011<br />
| image = PATRICK HAMILTON 1904-1962 Novelist and Playwright lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 8222<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Frederick Hitch|Private Frederick Hitch V.C.]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1856–1913)<br />
| inscription = "Hero of [[Battle of Rorke's Drift|Rorke's Drift]] lived and died here"<br />
| street_address = 62 Cranbrook Road<br />
| town = [[Turnham Green]] W4 2LJ<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 2004<br />
| image = PRIVATE FREDERICK HITCH V.C. 1856-1913 Hero of Rorke's Drift lived and died here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 612<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Freddie Mercury]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1946–1991)<br />
| inscription = "(Fred Bulsara) Singer and Songwriter lived here"<br />
| street_address = 22 Gladstone Avenue<br />
| town = [[Feltham]] TW14 9LL<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 2016<br />
| image = FREDDIE MERCURY (FRED BULSARA) 1946-1991 Singer and Songwriter lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 41802<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Lucien Pissarro]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1863–1944)<br />
| inscription = "Painter, Printer Wood Engraver lived here"<br />
| street_address = 27 Stamford Brook Road<br />
| town = [[Chiswick]] W6 0XJ<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 1976<br />
| image = LUCIEN PISSARRO 1863-1944 Painter Printer Wood Engraver lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 654<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Alexander Pope]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1688–1744)<br />
| inscription = "Poet lived in this row, Mawson's Buildings 1716–1719"<br />
| street_address = 110 Chiswick Lane South<br />
| town = [[Chiswick]] W4 2LR<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| year = 1996<br />
| image = ALEXANDER POPE 1688-1744 Poet lived in this row Mawson's Buildings 1716-1719.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 99<br />
| notes = Pope's house is now the [[Mawson Arms]], a Grade II* listed public house.<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Johann Zoffany]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1733–1810)<br />
| inscription = "Painter lived here 1790–1810"<br />
| street_address = 65 [[Strand-on-the-Green]]<br />
| town = [[Chiswick]] W4 3PF<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| year = 1973<br />
| image = JOHANN ZOFFANY 1733-1810 Painter lived here 1790-1810.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 563<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Islington ===<br />
There are 19 blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Islington]].<ref name='EngHetIs'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/#?pageBP=1&sizeBP=975&borBP=19&keyBP=&catBP=0|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=20 April 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Person or institution<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Inscription<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Address<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Year issued<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Photo<br />
|-<br />
| [[William Caslon]]<br/>(1692–1766)<br />
| "The [[Caslon Type Foundry|Foundry established by William Caslon]] Typefounder 1692–1766 stood on this site 1737–1909"<br />
| 21–23 Chiswell Street<br/>[[Moorgate]] EC1Y 4SD<br />
| 1958<br />
|[[File:The foundry established by WILLIAM CASLON Typefounder 1692-1766 stood on this site 1737-1909.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Joseph Chamberlain]]<br/>(1836–1914)<br />
| "Lived here"<br />
| 25 Highbury Place<br/>[[Highbury]] N5 1QP<br />
| 1915<br />
| [[File:Joseph Chamberlain LCC Plaque.JPG|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Caroline Chisholm]]<br/>(1808–1877)<br />
| "Philanthropist 'The Emigrants' Friend' lived here"<br />
| 32 Charlton Place<br/>[[Islington]] N1 8AJ<br />
| 1983<br />
| [[File:ChisholmPlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Collins' Music Hall]]<br />
| "Collins Music Hall was here from 1862 to 1958"<br />
| 10–11 [[Islington Green]]<br/>[[Islington]] N1 2XH<br />
| 1986<br />
| [[File:Collins Music Hall was here from 1862-1958.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Amelia Edwards]]<br/>(1831–1892)<br />
| "Egyptologist and writer lived here"<br />
| 19 Wharton Street<br/>[[Islington]] WC1X 9PT<br />
| 1926<br />
| [[File:Amelia Edwards 1831-1892 Egyptologist and Writer lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gracie Fields|Dame Gracie Fields]]<br/>(1898–1979)<br />
| "Singer and Entertainer lived here"<br />
| 72A [[Upper Street]]<br/>[[Islington]] N1 0NY<br />
| 2011<br />
| [[File:Gracie Fields 1898-1979 Singer and Entertainer lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[David Gestetner]]<br/>(1854–1939)<br />
| "Developer of Office Copying Machinery lived here 1898–1939"<br />
| 124 Highbury New Park<br/>[[Highbury]] N5 2DR<br />
| 2011<br />
| [[File:David Gestetener blue plaque.JPG|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Joseph Grimaldi]]<br/>(1778–1837)<br />
| "Clown lived here 1818–1828"<br />
| 56 [[Exmouth Market]]<br/>[[Clerkenwell]] EC1R 4QE<br />
| 1989<br />
| [[File:Grimaldi blue plaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Groom (philanthropist)|John Groom]]<br/>(1845–1919)<br />
| "Philanthropist who founded workshops for disabled girls nearby lived here"<br />
| 8 Sekforde Street<br/>[[Clerkenwell]] EC1R 0HD<br />
| 1997<br />
|[[File:JOHN GROOM 1845-1919 Philanthropist who founded workshops for disabled girls nearby lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Edward Irving]]<br/>(1792–1834)<br />
| "Founder of the [[Catholic Apostolic Church]] lived here"<br />
| 4 [[Claremont Square]]<br/>[[Islington]] N1 9LY<br />
| 1982<br />
| [[File:EdwardIrvingPlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Charles Lamb]]<br/>(1775–1834)<br />
| "Essayist Lived Here"<br />
| 64 Duncan Terrace<br/>[[Islington]] N1 8AG<br />
| 1907<br />
| [[File:CLambPlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[George Leybourne]]<br/>(1842–1884)<br />
| ""[[Champagne Charlie (song)|Champagne Charlie]]" 1842–1884 [[Music Hall]] Comedian lived and died here"<br />
| 136 Englefield Road<br/>[[De Beauvoir Town]] N1 3LQ<br />
| 2013<br />
| [[File:George Leybourne Blue Plaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
| [[Louis Macneice]]<br/>(1907–1963)<br />
| "Poet lived here 1947–1952"<br />
| 52 Canonbury Park South<br/>[[Islington]] N1 2JG<br />
| 1996<br />
| [[File:Louis Macneice blue plaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Enid Marx]] <br />
(1902–1998)<br />
|"Pattern designer, illustrator and artist lived and worked here from 1965"<br />
|39 Thornhill Road, [[Barnsbury]], London, N1 1JS<br />
|2022<br />
|[[File:ENID MARX 1902–1998 Pattern designer, illustrator and artist lived and worked here from 1965.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Samuel Phelps]]<br/>(1804–1878)<br />
| "Tragedian lived here"<br />
| 8 Canonbury Square<br/>[[Islington]] N1 2AU<br />
| 1911<br />
|[[File:Samuel Phelps 1804-1878 tragedian lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Richard Price]] <br />
(1723–1791)<br />
|"In this terrace of 1658 lived Dr RICHARD PRICE 1723–1791 Preacher, philosopher, statistician and radical"<br />
|54 Newington Green, [[Newington Green]], [[Islington]], N16 9PX<br />
|2023<br />
|[[File:In this terrace of 1658 lived Dr RICHARD PRICE 1723–1791 Preacher, philosopher, statistician and radical.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Thomas Hosmer Shepherd]]<br/>(1793–1864)<br />
| "Artist who portrayed London lived here"<br />
| 26 Batchelor Street<br/>[[Islington]] N1 0EG<br />
| 1976<br />
| [[File:Thomas Hosmer Shepherd 1793-1864 artist who portrayed London lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Basil Spence|Sir Basil Spence]]<br/>(1907–1976)<br />
| "Architect lived and worked here"<br />
| 1 Canonbury Place<br/>[[Canonbury]] N1 2NG<br />
| 2011<br />
| [[File:Sir Basil Spence Blue Plaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Wesley]]<br/>(1703–1791)<br />
| "Lived here"<br />
| 47 [[City Road]]<br/>[[Islington]] EC1Y 1AU<br />
| 1926<br />
| [[File:HenryFieldingBluePlaque 06.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Kensington and Chelsea ===<br />
{{Main|List of English Heritage blue plaques in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea}}<br />
There are 188 blue plaques in the [[Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea]].<ref name='EngHetKC'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/#?pageBP=1&sizeBP=12&borBP=31&keyBP=&catBP=0|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=24 October 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Kingston upon Thames ===<br />
There are five blue plaques in the [[Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames]].<ref name='EngHetKT'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/#?pageBP=1&sizeBP=12&borBP=Royal%20Borough%20of%20Kingston%20upon%20Thames&keyBP=&catBP=|work=Blue plaques search – Kingston upon Thames|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=14 April 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table header}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Alfred Bestall]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1892–1986)<br />
| inscription = "Illustrator of [[Rupert Bear]] lived here 1936-1966"<br />
| street_address = 58 Cranes Park<br />
| town = [[Surbiton]] KT5 8AS<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| year = 2006<br />
| image = ALFRED BESTALL 1892-1986 Illustrator of Rupert Bear lived here 1936-1966.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 41<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Enid Blyton]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1897–1968)<br />
| inscription = "Children's Writer lived here 1920-1924"<br />
| street_address = 207 Hook Road<br />
| town = [[Chessington]] KT9 1EA<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| year = 2007<br />
| image = Enid Blyton 1897-1968 children's writer lived here 1920-1924.JPG<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 353<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Malcolm Campbell|Sir Malcolm Campbell]] and [[Donald Campbell]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1885–1948), (1921–1967)<br />
| inscription = "Speed Record Holders on Land and Water lived here"<br />
| street_address = [[Canbury School]], Kingston Hill<br />
| town = [[Kingston upon Thames]] KT2 7LN<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| year = 2010<br />
| image = Sir MALCOLM CAMPBELL 1885-1948 DONALD CAMPBELL 1921-1967 Speed Record Holders on Land and Water lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 4872<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = The former works of the [[Cooper Car Company]] <br />
| subject_dates = <br />
| inscription = "Winners of the Formula One World Championships in 1959 and 1960"<br />
| street_address = Hollyfield Road<br />
| town = [[Surbiton]] KT5 9AL<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| year = 2018<br />
| image = The former works of the Cooper Car Company Winners of the Formula One World Championships in 1959 and 1960.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 50049<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Nelly Melba|Dame Nelly Melba]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1861–1931)<br />
| inscription = "Operatic soprano resided here in 1906"<br />
| street_address = Coombe House, Devey Close, (off Beverley Lane)<br />
| town = [[Coombe, Kingston upon Thames|Coombe]] KT2 7DT<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| year = 2000<br />
| image = DAME NELLIE MELBA 1861-1931 Operatic Soprano resided here in 1906.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 10034<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Lambeth ===<br />
There are 27 blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Lambeth]].<ref name='EngHetLam'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/#?pageBP=1&sizeBP=12&borBP=20&keyBP=&catBP=0|work=Blue plaques search – Lambeth|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Person or institution<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Inscription<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Address<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Year issued<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Photo<br />
|-<br />
| [[Charles Barry|Sir Charles Barry]]<br/>(1795–1860)<br />
| "Architect lived and died here"<br />
| The Elms, 29 [[Clapham Common North Side]]<br/>[[Clapham]] SW4 9SP<br />
| 1950<br />
|[[File:SIR CHARLES BARRY 1795-1860 ARCHITECT lived and died here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arnold Bax|Sir Arnold Bax]]<br/>(1883–1953)<br />
| "Composer was born here"<br />
| 13 Pendennis Road<br/>[[Streatham]] SW16 2SS<br />
| 1993<br />
|[[File:SIR ARNOLD BAX 1883-1953 Composer was born here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lilian Baylis]]<br/>(1874–1937)<br />
| "Manager of the [[Old Vic]] and [[Sadler's Wells]] Theatres lived and died here"<br />
| 27 Stockwell Park Road<br/>[[Stockwell]] SW9 0AP<br />
| 1974<br />
|[[File:LILIAN BAYLIS 1874-1937 Manager of the Old Vic and Sadler's Wells Theatres lived and died here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Francis Bentley]]<br/>(1839–1902)<br />
| "Architect lived here"<br />
| 43 Old Town<br/>[[Clapham]] SW4 0JL<br />
| 1950<br />
| [[File:John Francis Bentley (4498933987).jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[William Bligh]]<br/>(1754–1817)<br />
| "Commander of the "[[HMS Bounty|Bounty]]" lived here"<br />
| 100 [[Lambeth Road]]<br/>[[Lambeth]] SE1 7PT<br />
| 1952<br />
| [[File:William Bligh plaque Lambeth.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Angela Carter]]<br/>(1940–1992)<br />
| "Writer lived here from 1976"<br />
| 107 The Chase<br/>[[Clapham]] SW4 0NR<br />
| 2019<br />
|[[File:Angela_Carter_1940-1992_Writer_lived_here_from_1976.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Charlie Chaplin]]<br/>(1889–1977)<br />
| "Actor and Film-maker lived here in Flat 15 1908–1910"<br />
| 15 Glenshaw Mansions, [[Brixton Road]], [[Kennington]] SW9 0DS<br />
| 2017<br />
|[[File:CHARLIE CHAPLIN 1889-1977 Actor and Film-maker lived here in Flat 15 1908-1910.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[London County Hall]]<br />
| "The County Hall the home of London government from 1922 to 1986 LCC 1889–1965 GLC 1965–1986"<br />
| [[London County Hall]]<br/>[[South Bank]] SE1 7PB<br />
| 1986<br />
| [[File:Main Block of the County Hall plaque to GLC.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[David Cox (artist)|David Cox]]<br/>(1783–1859)<br />
| "Artist lived here"<br />
| 34 Foxley Road<br/>[[Camberwell]] SW9 6ES<br />
| 1951<br />
|[[File:DAVID COX 1783-1859 ARTIST lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
| [[Henry Havelock Ellis]]<br/>(1859–1939)<br />
| "Pioneer in the scientific study of sex lived here"<br />
| 14 Dover Mansions, Canterbury Crescent<br/>[[Brixton]] SW9 7QF<br />
| 1981<br />
| [[File:HENRY HAVELOCK ELLIS Pioneer in the scientific study of sex lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Graham Greene]]<br/>(1904–1991)<br />
| "Writer lived here 1935–1940"<br />
| 14 [[Clapham Common Northside]]<br/>[[Clapham]] SW4 0RF<br />
| 2011<br />
|[[File:GRAHAM GREENE 1904-1991 Writer lived here 1935-1940.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ben Greet|Sir Phillip Ben Greet]]<br/>(1857–1936)<br />
| "Actor-manager lived here"<br />
| 160 [[Lambeth Road]]<br/>[[Lambeth]] SE1 7DF<br />
| 1961<br />
|[[File:SIR PHILIP BEN GREET 1857-1936 Actor-manager lived here 1920-1936.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Edvard Grieg]]<br/>(1843–1907)<br />
| "Norwegian Composer stayed here when performing in London"<br />
| 47 [[Clapham Common Northside]]<br/>[[Clapham]] SW4 0AA<br />
| 2004<br />
|[[File:Edvard Grieg 1843-1907 Norwegian Composer stayed here when performing in London.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arthur Henderson]]<br/>(1863–1935)<br />
| "Statesman lived here"<br />
| 13 Rodenhurst Road<br/>[[Clapham]] SW4 8AE<br />
| 1980<br />
| [[File:Arthur Henderson (4498935333).jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jack Hobbs|Sir Jack Hobbs]]<br/>(1882–1963)<br />
| "Cricketer lived here"<br />
| 17 Englewood Road<br/>[[Clapham]] SW12 9PA<br />
| 1986<br />
| [[File:Sir Jack Hobbs (4499570928).jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Inner London Education Authority]]<br />
| "The home of inner London's education service from 1922 ILEA succeeding the London School Board 1870–1904 and the LCC 1904–1965"<br />
| [[London County Hall]]<br/>[[South Bank]] SE1 7PB<br />
| 1986<br />
| [[File:Main Block of the County Hall plaque to ILEA Crop.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[C. L. R. James]]<br/>(1901–1989)<br />
| "West Indian Writer and Political Activist lived and died here"<br />
| 165 [[Railton Road]]<br/>[[Brixton]] SE24 0JX<br />
| 2004<br />
|[[File:C.L.R. JAMES 1901-1989 West Indian Writer and Political Activist lived and died here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dan Leno]]<br/>(1860–1904)<br />
| "[[Music hall|Music-hall]] comedian lived here 1898-1901"<br />
| 56 Akerman Road<br/>[[Camberwell]] SW9 6SN<br />
| 1962<br />
| [[File:DAN LENO 1860-1904 Music-hall comedian lived here 1898-1901.jpg|100px]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| [[Margaret Lockwood]]<br/>(1916-1990)<br />
| "Actress lived here"<br />
| 14 Highland Road, <br/>[[Upper Norwood]] SE19 1DP<br />
| 2018<br />
| [[File:MARGARET_LOCKWOOD_1916-1990_Actress_lived_here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
| [[Zachary Macaulay]]<br/>(1768–1838) and [[Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay]]<br/>(1800–1859)<br />
| "Zachary Macaulay philanthropist and his son Thomas Babington Macaulay afterwards Lord Macaulay lived here"<br />
| 5 The Pavement<br />[[Clapham]] SW4 0JD<br />
| 1930<br />
|[[File:ZACHARY MACAULAY (1768-1838) PHILANTHROPIST AND HIS SON THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY AFTERWARDS LORD MACAULAY (1800-1859) lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arthur Mee]]<br/>(1875–1943)<br />
| "Journalist, author and topographer lived here"<br />
| 27 Lanercost Road<br/>[[Tulse Hill]] SW2 4DP<br />
| 1991<br />
|[[File:ARTHUR MEE 1875-1943 Journalist author and topographer lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bernard Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein]]<br/>(1887–1976)<br />
| "Field Marshal...was born here"<br />
| Oval House, 52–54 Kennington<br/>[[Kennington Oval]] SE11 5SW<br />
| 1987<br />
|[[File:Field Marshal VISCOUNT MONTGOMERY OF ALAMEIN 1887-1976 was born here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Ruskin]]<br/>(1819–1900)<br />
| "Lived in a house on this site"<br />
| 26 Herne Hill<br/>[[Herne Hill]] SE24 9QS<br />
| 1926<br />
|[[File:JOHN RUSKIN (1819-1900) Lived in a house on this site.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Natsume Sōseki]]<br/>(1867–1916)<br />
| "Japanese Novelist lived here 1901–1902"<br />
| 81 The Chase<br/>[[Clapham]] SW4 0NR<br />
| 2002<br />
| [[File:Natsume Soseki (4499567100).jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Violette Szabo]]<br/>(1921–1945)<br />
| "Secret Agent lived here she gave her life for the [[French Resistance]]"<br />
| 18 Burnley Road<br/>[[Stockwell]] SW9 0SJ<br />
| 1981<br />
|[[File:VIOLETTE SZABO. G.C. 1921-1945 Secret Agent lived here SHE GAVE HER LIFE FOR THE FRENCH RESISTANCE.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Vincent van Gogh]]<br/>(1853–1890)<br />
| "Painter lived here 1873–1874"<br />
| 87 Hackford Road<br/>[[South Lambeth]] SW9 0RE<br />
| 1973<br />
|[[File:VINCENT VAN GOGH 1853-1890 Painter lived here 1873-1874.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[William Wilberforce]]<br/>(1759–1833)<br />
| "William Wilberforce and '[[Clapham Sect|The Clapham Sect]]' worshipped in this church. Their campaigning resulted in the [[Abolitionism in the United Kingdom|abolition of slavery in British Dominions]], 1833"<br />
| Holy Trinity Church, [[Clapham Common]]<br/>[[Clapham]] SW4 0QZ<br />
| 1984<br />
|[[File:WILLIAM WILBERFORCE AND THE CLAPHAM SECT WORSHIPPED IN THIS CHURCH. THEIR CAMPAIGNING RESULTED IN THE ABOLITION OF SLAVERY IN BRITISH DOMINIONS 1833.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Lewisham ===<br />
There are thirteen blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Lewisham]].<ref name='EngHetLew'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/#?pageBP=1&sizeBP=975&borBP=21&keyBP=&catBP=0|work=Blue plaques search – Lewisham|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=10 November 2022}}</ref><br />
{{Plaque table header}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[James Elroy Flecker]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1885–1915) <br />
| inscription = "Poet and Dramatist was born here" <br />
| street_address = 9 Gilmore Road<br />
| town = [[Lee, London|Lee]] SE13 5AD<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.4611|-0.0078}}<br />
| year = 1986<br />
| image = JAMES ELROY FLECKER 1884-1915 Poet and Dramatist was born here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 502 <br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[James Glaisher]]<br />
| subject_dates =(1809–1903) <br />
| inscription ="Astronomer, Meteorologist and pioneer of weather forecasting lived here" <br />
| street_address = 20 Dartmouth Hill <br />
| town = [[Blackheath, London|Blackheath]] SE10 8AJ<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.4718|-0.00816}}<br />
| year = 1974<br />
| image = 20 Dartmouth Hill, London 03.JPG<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 141<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[George Grove|Sir George Grove]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1820–1900) <br />
| inscription = "Promoter of Musical Knowledge lived here" <br />
| street_address = 14 Westwood Hill <br />
| town = [[Sydenham, London|Sydenham]] SE26 6QR<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.42804|-0.05897}}<br />
| year = 2016<br />
| image = Sir GEORGE GROVE 1820-1900 Promoter of Musical Knowledge lived here.jpg <br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 41513<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Frederick John Horniman]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1835–1906) <br />
| inscription ="The Horniman Museum and Gardens were given to the people of London in 1901 by Frederick John Horniman who lived near this site" <br />
| street_address = [[Horniman Museum]], London Road <br />
| town = [[Forest Hill, London|Forest Hill]] SE23 3PQ<br />
| coordinates ={{Coord|51.44075|-0.06083}}<br />
| year = 1985<br />
| image = THE HORNIMAN MUSEUM AND GARDENS WERE GIVEN TO THE PEOPLE OF LONDON IN 1901 BY FREDERICK JOHN HORNIMAN WHO LIVED NEAR THIS SITE.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 270 <br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Eleanor Marx]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1855–1898) <br />
| inscription = "Socialist Campaigner lived and died here"<br />
| street_address = 7 Jews Walk <br />
| town = [[Sydenham, London|Sydenham]] SE26 6PJ<br />
| coordinates ={{Coord|51.42923|-0.05985}}<br />
| year = 2008 <br />
| image = ELEANOR MARX 1855-1898 Socialist Campaigner lived and died here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 10127<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Edward Walter Maunder|Walter Maunder]]<br/>[[Annie S. D. Maunder|Annie Maunder]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1851–1928)<br/>(1868–1947) <br />
| inscription = "Astronomers lived here 1907–1911" <br />
| street_address = 69 Tyrwhitt Road <br />
| town = [[Brockley, London|Brockley]] SE4 1QEJ<br />
| coordinates ={{Coord|51.46451|-0.02448}}<br />
| year = 2022<br />
| image = WALTER_MAUNDER_1851–1928_ANNIE_MAUNDER_1868–1947_Astronomers_lived_here_1907–1911.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 56717<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Mass-Observation]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1937-1939) <br />
| inscription = "The founding headquarters of MASS-OBSERVATION a pioneering social survey 1937–1939" <br />
| street_address = 6 Grote's Buildings <br />
| town = [[Blackheath, London]] SE3 0QGJ<br />
| coordinates ={{Coord|51.46697|0.00457}}<br />
| year = 2022<br />
| image = The founding headquarters of MASS-OBSERVATION a pioneering social survey 1937 – 1939.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 57653<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[James Clark Ross|Sir James Clark Ross]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1800–1862) <br />
| inscription = "Polar Explorer lived here" <br />
| street_address = 2 Eliot Place <br />
| town = [[Blackheath, London|Blackheath]] SE3 0QL<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.4678|0.0007}}<br />
| year = 1960<br />
| image = SIR JAMES CLARK ROSS 1800-1862 Polar Explorer lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 327<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Ernest Shackleton|Sir Ernest Shackleton]]<br />
| subject_dates =(1874–1922) <br />
| inscription ="Antarctic Explorer Lived here" <br />
| street_address = 12 Westwood Hill <br />
| town = [[Sydenham, London|Sydenham]] SE26 6QR<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|51.4278|-0.05876}}<br />
| year = 1928<br />
| image = SIR ERNEST SHACKLETON (1874-1922) Antarctic Explorer Lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 345<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Samuel Smiles]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1812–1904) <br />
| inscription = "Author of ''[[Self-Help (book)|Self-Help]]'' lived here" <br />
| street_address = 11 Granville Park <br />
| town = [[Lewisham]] SE13 7DY<br />
| coordinates ={{Coord|51.4669|-0.00448}}<br />
| year = 1959<br />
| image = Samuel Smiles 1812-1904 Author of Self Help lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 528<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[John Tallis]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1816–1876)<br />
| inscription = "Publisher of London Street Views lived here" <br />
| street_address = 233 New Cross Road<br />
| town = [[New Cross Gate]] SE14 5UH<br />
| coordinates ={{Coord|51.4744|-0.04413}}<br />
| year = 1978<br />
| image = JOHN TALLIS 1816-1876 Publisher of London Street Views lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 77<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Stanley Unwin (publisher)|Sir Stanley Unwin]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1884–1968) <br />
| inscription = "Publisher was born here" <br />
| street_address = 13 Handen Road <br />
| town = [[Lee, London|Lee]] SE12 8NP<br />
| coordinates ={{Coord|51.453|0.00962}}<br />
| year = 1984<br />
| image = SIR STANLEY UNWIN 1884-1968 Publisher was born here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 274<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Edgar Wallace]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1875–1932) <br />
| inscription = "Writer lived here" <br />
| street_address = 6 Tressillian Crescent <br />
| town = [[Lewisham]] SE4 1QJ<br />
| coordinates ={{Coord|51.464|-0.02678}}<br />
| year = 1960<br />
| image = EDGAR WALLACE 1875-1932 Writer lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 123<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Merton ===<br />
There are eleven blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Merton]].<ref name='EngHetMer'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/#?page=1&size=12&bor=London%20Borough%20of%20Merton&key=&loc=&yr=|work=Blue plaques search – Merton|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=5 June 2015}}</ref><br />
{{Plaque table header}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Josephine Butler]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1828–1906)<br />
| inscription = "Champion of Women's Rights lived here 1890–1893"<br />
| street_address = 8 North View<br />
| town = [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]] SW19 4UJ<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 2001<br />
| image = Josephine BUTLER 1828-1906 Champion of Women's Rights lived here 1890-1893.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 354<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Ernst Chain|Sir Ernst Chain]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1906–1979)<br />
| inscription = "Biochemist and Developer of [[Penicillin]] lived here"<br />
| street_address = 9 North View<br />
| town = [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]] SW19 4UJ<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 1973<br />
| image = Sir ERNST CHAIN 1906-1979 Biochemist and Developer of Penicillin lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 177<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Robert Graves]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1895–1985)<br />
| inscription = "Writer was born here"<br />
| street_address = 1 Lauriston Road<br />
| town = [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]] SW19 4TL<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 1995<br />
| image = ROBERT GRAVES 1895-1985 Writer was born here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 1369<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Georgette Heyer]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1902–1974)<br />
| inscription = "Georgette Heyer 1902–1974 Novelist was born here"<br />
| street_address = 103 Woodside <br />
| town = [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]] SW19 7BA<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 2015<br />
| image = GEORGETTE HEYER 1902-1974 Novelist was born here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 39682<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[John Innes (philanthropist)|John Innes]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1829–1904)<br />
| inscription = "Founder of the John Innes Horticultural Institution lived here"<br />
| street_address = Manor House, Watery Lane<br />
| town = [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]] SW20 9AD<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 1978<br />
| image = JOHN INNES 1829-1904 Founder of the John Innes Horticultural Institution lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 339<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Sister Nivedita|Sister Nivedita (Margaret Noble)]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1867-1911)<br />
| inscription = "Educationalist and Campaigner for Indian Independence lived here"<br />
| street_address = 21A High Street<br />
| town = [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]] SW19 5DX<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 2017<br />
| image = SISTER NIVEDITA (MARGARET NOBLE) 1867-1911 Educationalist and Campaigner for Indian Independence lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 44019<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Margaret Rutherford|Dame Margaret Rutherford]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1892–1972)<br />
| inscription = "Actress lived here 1895–1920"<br />
| street_address = 4 Berkeley Place<br />
| town = [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]] SW19 4NN<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 2002<br />
| image = Dame MARGARET RUTHERFORD 1892-1972 Actress lived here 1895-1920.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 673<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Arthur Schopenhauer]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1788–1860)<br />
| inscription = "Philosopher lived and studied here in 1803"<br />
| street_address = Eagle House, High Street<br />
| town = [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]] SW19 5EF<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 2005<br />
| image = ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER 1788-1860 Philosopher lived and studied here in 1803.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 205<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Lionel Tertis]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1876–1975)<br />
| inscription = "Viola soloist lived in a flat here 1961–1975"<br />
| street_address = 42 Marryat Road<br />
| town = [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]] SW19 5BD<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 2015<br />
| image = Lionel_Tertis_1876-1975_viola_soloist_lived_in_a_flat_here_1961-1975.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 39563<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[Joseph Toynbee]]<br />
* [[Arnold Toynbee (historian, born 1852)|Arnold Toynbee]]<br />
}}<br />
| subject_dates = {{Plainlist|<br />
* (1815–1866)<br />
* (1852–1883)<br />
}}<br />
| inscription = "Joseph Toynbee 1815–1866 Aural Surgeon and his son<br />Arnold Toynbee 1852–1883 Social Philosopher lived here 1854–1866"<br />
| street_address = Beech Holme, 49 Parkside<br />
| town = [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]] SW19 5NB<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 2004<br />
| image = JOSEPH TOYNBEE 1815-1866 Aural Surgeon and his son ARNOLD TOYNBEE 1852-1883 Social Philosopher lived here 1854-1866.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 257<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Newham ===<br />
There are two blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Newham]].<ref name='EngHetNha'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/search/#?showTotals=true&terms=&mode=BluePlaques&borough=London%20Borough%20of%20Newham|work=Blue plaques search – Newham|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=31 August 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Plaque table header}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Stanley Holloway]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1890–1971)<br />
| inscription = "Actor and Humorist was born here"<br />
| street_address = 25 Albany Road<br />
| town = [[Manor Park, London|Manor Park]] E12 5BE<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 2009<br />
| image = Stanley-Holloway-blue-plaque-cropped.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 1995<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Will Thorne]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1857–1946)<br />
| inscription = "Trade Union Leader and Labour M.P. lived here"<br />
| street_address = 1 Lawrence Road<br />
| town = [[Plaistow,_Newham|Plaistow]] E13 0QD<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 1987<br />
| image = WILL THORNE 1857-1946 Trade Union Leader and Labour M.P. lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 449<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Redbridge ===<br />
There are three blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Redbridge]].<ref name='EngHetRd'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/search/#?showTotals=true&terms=&mode=BluePlaques&borough=London%20Borough%20of%20Redbridge|work=Blue plaques search – Redbridge|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=31 August 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Plaque table header}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Clement Attlee]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1883–1967)<br />
| inscription = "Prime Minister lived here"<br />
| street_address = 17 Monkhams Avenue<br />
| town = [[Woodford Green]] IG8 0GB<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 1984<br />
| image = Clement Richard Attlee 1883-1967 Prime Minister lived here (crop).jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 589<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Albert Mansbridge]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1831–1913)<br />
| inscription = "Founder of the [[Workers' Educational Association]] lived here"<br />
| street_address = 198 Windsor Road<br />
| town = [[Ilford]] IG1 1HE<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 1967<br />
| image = Albert Mansbridge Blue Plaque.JPG<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 90<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Dame Kathleen Lonsdale]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1903–1971)<br />
| inscription = "[[Crystallography|Crystallographer]] and peace campaigner lived here in early life"<br />
| street_address = 19 Colenso Road, Seven Kings, <br />
| town = [[Ilford]] IG2 7AG<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 2021<br />
| image = Dame KATHLEEN LONSDALE 1903–1971 Crystallographer and peace campaigner lived here in early life.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 54853<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Richmond upon Thames ===<br />
There are twenty seven blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]].<ref name='EngHetRich'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/#?pageBP=1&sizeBP=12&borBP=25&keyBP=&catBP=0|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=7 June 2023}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Person or institution<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Inscription<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Address<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Year issued<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Photo<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Beard (tenor)|John Beard]]<br/>(1717–1791) and [[William Ewart (British politician)|William Ewart]]<br/>(1798–1869)<br />
| "John Beard c.1717–1791 Singer and William Ewart 1798–1869 Promoter of public libraries lived here"<br />
| Hampton Branch Library, Rose Hill<br/>[[Hampton, London|Hampton]] TW12 2AB<br />
| 1992<br />
| [[File:Hampton Library plaque.jpeg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Capability Brown|Lancelot 'Capability' Brown]]<br/>(1716–1783)<br />
| "Landscape Architect lived here 1764–1783"<br />
| Wilderness House, Moat Lane, [[Hampton Court Palace]]<br/>[[Hampton Court]] KT8 9AR<br />
| 2011<br />
| [[File:Lancelot 'Capability' BROWN 1716-1783 Landscape Architect lived here 1764-1783.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Edwin Chadwick|Sir Edwin Chadwick]]<br/>(1801–1890)<br />
| "Public Health Reformer lived here"<br />
| 5 Montague Road<br/>[[Richmond, London|Richmond]] TW3 1LB<br />
| 1992<br />
| [[File:SIR EDWIN CHADWICK 1801-1890 Public Health Reformer lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Noël Coward|Sir Noël Coward]]<br/>(1899–1973)<br />
| "Actor, Playwright and Songwriter born here"<br />
| 131 Waldegrave Road<br/>[[Teddington]] TW11 8BB<br />
| 1995<br />
| [[File:Sir NOËL COWARD 1899-1973 Actor Playwright and Songwriter born here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Walter de la Mare]]<br/>(1873–1956)<br />
| "Poet lived here 1940–1956"<br />
| South End House, Montpelier Row<br/>[[Twickenham]] TW1 2NQ<br />
| 1995<br />
| [[file:WALTER DE LA MARE 1873-1956 Poet lived here 1940-1956.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ninette de Valois|Dame Ninette de Valois]]<br/>(1898–2001)<br />
| "Founder of the [[The Royal Ballet|Royal Ballet]] lived here 1962–1982"<br />
| [[14 The Terrace, Barnes]] SW13 0NP<br />
| 2006<br />
| [[File:Dame Ninette de Valois 1898-2001 O.M. founder of the Royal Ballet lived here 1962-1982.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Richard Dimbleby]]<br/>(1913–1965)<br />
| "Broadcaster lived here 1937–1939"<br />
| Cedar Court, Sheen Lane<br/>[[East Sheen]] SW14 8LY<br />
| 2013<br />
|[[File:RICHARD DIMBLEBY 1913-1965 Broadcaster lived here 1937-1939.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Henry Fielding]]<br/>(1707–1754)<br />
| "Novelist lived here"<br />
| [[Milbourne House]], Station Road, Barnes Green<br/>[[Barnes, London|Barnes]] SW13 0LW<br />
| 1978<br />
| [[File:Henry Fielding 1707-1754 Novelist lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[David Garrick]]<br/>(1717–1779)<br />
| "Actor lived here"<br />
| [[Garrick's Villa]], Hampton Court Road<br/>TW12 2EJ<br />
| 1970<br />
|[[File:David Garrick 1717-1779 Actor lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kathleen McKane Godfree|Kathleen Godfree]]<br/>(1896–1992)<br />
| "Kathleen ('Kitty') Godfree née McKane 1896–1992 Lawn Tennis Champion lived here 1936–1992"<br />
| 55 York Avenue<br/>[[East Sheen]] SW14 7LQ<br />
| 2006<br />
| [[File:KATHLEEN ('KITTY') GODFREE née McKANE 1896-1992 Lawn Tennis Champion lived here 1936-1992.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[James Henry Greathead]]<br/>(1844–1896)<br />
| "Railway and Tunnelling Engineer lived here 1885–1889"<br />
| 3 St Mary's Grove<br/>[[Barnes, London|Barnes]] SW13 0JA<br />
| 2000<br />
| [[File:JAMES HENRY GREATHEAD 1844-1896 Railway and Tunnelling Engineer lived here 1885-1889.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[William Jackson Hooker|Sir William Hooker]]<br/>(1785–1865) and [[Joseph Dalton Hooker|Sir Joseph Hooker]]<br/>(1817–1911)<br />
| "Botanists Directors of [[Kew Gardens]] lived here"<br />
| 49 Kew Green<br/>[[Kew]] TW9 3AA<br />
| 2010<br />
| [[File:Sir WILLIAM HOOKER 1785-1865 Sir JOSEPH HOOKER 1817-1911 Botanists Directors of Kew Gardens lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Herbert Howells]]<br/>(1892–1983)<br />
| "Composer and teacher lived here 1946–1983"<br />
| 3 Beverley Close<br/>[[Barnes, London|Barnes]] SW13 0EH<br />
| 2011<br />
| [[File:Herbert Howells 1892-1983 Composer and Teacher lived here 1946-1983.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Arthur Hughes (artist)|Arthur Hughes]]<br/>(1832–1915)<br />
| "[[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood|Pre-Raphaelite]] Painter lived and died here"<br />
| Eastside House, 22 Kew Green<br/>[[Kew]] TW9 3BH<br />
| 1993<br />
| [[File:ARTHUR HUGHES 1832-1915 Pre-Raphaelite Painter lived and died here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Celia Johnson|Dame Celia Johnson]]<br/>(1908–1982)<br />
| "Actress was born here"<br />
| 46 [[Richmond Hill, London|Richmond Hill]]<br/>[[Richmond, London|Richmond]] TW10 4QX<br />
| 2008<br />
|[[File:Dame CELIA JOHNSON 1908-1982 Actress was born here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Henry Labouchere]]<br/>(1831–1912)<br />
| "Radical MP and Journalist lived here 1881–1903"<br />
| [[St James Independent Schools|St James independent school for Boys]], Pope's Villa, 19 Cross Deep<br/>[[Twickenham]] TW1 4QG<br />
| 2000<br />
| [[File:HENRY LABOUCHERE 1831-1912 Radical MP and Journalist lived here 1881-1903.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Henry Newman|Cardinal Newman]]<br/>(1801–1890)<br />
| "In this house John Henry Newman 1801–1890 later Cardinal Newman spent some of his early years"<br />
| Grey Court, Ham Street<br />[[Ham]] TW10 7HN<br />
| 1981<br />
| [[File:In this house John Henry Newman 1801-1890 later CARDINAL NEWMAN spent some of his early years.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bernardo O'Higgins]]<br/>(1778–1842)<br />
| "General, Statesman and Liberator of Chile lived and studied here"<br />
| [[Clarence House, Richmond|Clarence House]], 2 The Vineyard<br/>[[Richmond, London|Richmond]] TW10 6AQ<br />
| 1994<br />
|[[File:BERNARDO O'HIGGINS 1778-1842 General Statesman and Liberator of Chile lived and studied here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kurt Schwitters]]<br/>(1887–1948)<br />
| "Artist lived here"<br />
| 39 Westmoreland Road<br/>[[Barnes, London|Barnes]] SW13 9RZ<br />
| 1984<br />
| [[File:Kurt Schwitters 1887-1948 Artist lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sophia Duleep Singh|Princess Sophia Duleep Singh]]<br/>(1876–1948)<br />
| "Suffragette lived here"<br />
| 37 Hampton Court Road,<br/>[[Richmond, London|Richmond]] KT8 9BW<br />
| 2023<br />
| [[File:Princess SOPHIA DULEEP SINGH 1876–1948 Suffragette lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[James Thomson (poet, born 1700)|James Thomson]]<br/>(1700–1748)<br />
| "Poet Author of "[[Rule, Britannia!]]" lived and died here"<br />
| [[Richmond Royal Hospital|The Royal Hospital]], Kew Foot Road<br/>[[Richmond, London|Richmond]] TW9 2TE<br />
| 2005<br />
| [[File:JAMES THOMSON 1700-1748 Poet Author of Rule Britannia lived and died here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[J. M. W. Turner|J.M.W. Turner R.A.]]<br/>(1775–1851)<br />
| "Painter designed and lived in this house"<br />
| [[Sandycombe Lodge]], 40 Sandycoombe Road<br/>[[Twickenham]] TW1 2LR<br />
| 1977<br />
| [[File:J.M.W. TURNER R.A. 1775-1851 Painter designed and lived in this house.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ardaseer Cursetjee|Ardaseer Cursetjee Wadia]]<br/>(1808-1877)<br />
| "Civil Engineer lived here from 1868"<br />
| 55 Sheen Road, TW9 1YH<br />
| 2021<br />
| [[File:ARDASEER_CURSETJEE_WADIA_1808%E2%80%931877_Civil_Engineer_lived_here_from_1868.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Robert Watson-Watt|Sir Robert Watson-Watt]]<br/>(1892-1973)<br />
| "Pioneer of Radar lived here"<br />
| 287 Sheen Lane<br/>[[East Sheen]] SW14 8RN<br />
| 2017<br />
| [[File:Sir ROBERT WATSON-WATT 1892-1973 Pioneer of Radar lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Edward Whymper]]<br/>(1840–1911)<br />
| "Mountaineer lived here 1907–1911"<br />
| 82 Waldegrave Road<br/>[[Teddington]] TW11 8NY<br />
| 2011<br />
| [[File:Edward Whymper blue plaque, Teddington cropped.png|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Leonard Woolf]]<br/>(1880–1969) and [[Virginia Woolf]]<br/>(1882–1941)<br />
| "In this house Leonard and Virginia Woolf lived 1915–1924 and founded the [[Hogarth Press]] 1917"<br />
| [[Hogarth Press|Hogarth House]], 34 Paradise Road<br/>[[Richmond, London|Richmond]] TW9 1SE<br />
| 1976<br />
| [[File:In this house LEONARD and VIRGINIA WOOLF lived 1915-1924 and founded the Hogarth Press 1917.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Christopher Wren|Sir Christopher Wren]]<br/>(1623–1732)<br />
| "Architect lived here"<br />
| [[The Old Court House]], Hampton Court Green<br/>[[East Molesey]] KT8 9BS<br>{{Coord|51.4052492|-0.3421341}}<br />
| 1996<br />
| [[File:Christopher Wren Hampton Court Green blue plaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Southwark ===<br />
There are 20 blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Southwark]].<ref name='EngHetSt'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/#?pageBP=1&sizeBP=975&borBP=26&keyBP=&catBP=0=|work=Blue plaques search – Southwark|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=13 March 2023}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Person or institution<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Inscription<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Address<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Year issued<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Photo<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Logie Baird]]<br/>(1888–1946)<br />
| "Television pioneer lived here"<br />
| 3 Crescent Wood Road<br/>[[Sydenham, London|Sydenham]] SE26 6RT<br />
| 1977<br />
|[[File:JOHN LOGIE BAIRD 1888-1946 Television pioneer lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Annie Besant]]<br/>(1847–1933)<br />
| "Social Reformer lived here in 1874"<br />
| 39 Colby Road<br/>[[Gipsy Hill]] SE19 1HA<br />
| 1963<br />
|[[File:ANNIE BESANT 1847-1933 Social Reformer lived here in 1874.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Joseph Chamberlain]]<br/>(1836–1914)<br />
| "Lived here"<br />
| 188 Camberwell Grove<br/>[[Denmark Hill]] SE5 8RJ<br />
| 1920<br />
|[[File:JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN (1836-1914) LIVED HERE.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Alan Cobham|Sir Alan Cobham]]<br/>(1894–1973)<br />
| "Aviator was born here"<br />
| 78 Denman Road<br/>[[Peckham]] SE15 5NR<br />
| 2003<br />
| [[File:Sir ALAN COBHAM 1894-1973 Aviator was born here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
| [[Henry Cotton (golfer)|Henry Cotton]]<br/>(1907-1987)<br />
| "Champion Golfer lived here"<br />
| 47 Crystal Palace Road<br/>[[East Dulwich]] SE22 9EX<br />
| 2017<br />
| [[File:HENRY COTTON 1907-1987 Champion Golfer lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
| [[Charles Vickery Drysdale|Dr. Charles Vickery Drysdale]]<br/>(1874–1961)<br />
| "A founder of the Family Planning Association opened his first birth control clinic here in 1921"<br />
| 153a East Street<br/>[[Walworth]] SE17 2SD<br />
| 1988<br />
| [[File:DR. CHARLES VICKERY DRYSDALE 1874-1961 a founder of the Family Planning Association opened his first birth control clinic here in 1921.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
| [[Gerald Durrell]]<br/>(1925–1995)<br />
| "Zoologist and writer lived here as a child"<br />
| 43 Alleyn Park<br/>[[Dulwich]] SE21 8AT<br />
| 1990<br />
|[[File:GERALD DURRELL 1925-1995 Zoologist and writer lived here as a child.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
| [[C. S. Forester]]<br/>(1899–1966)<br />
| "Novelist lived here"<br />
| 58 Underhill Road<br/>[[East Dulwich]] SE22 0QT<br />
| 1990<br />
|[[File:C. S. FORESTER 1899-1966 Novelist lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Leslie Howard (actor)|Leslie Howard]]<br/>(1893–1943)<br />
| "Actor and Film Director lived here"<br />
| 45 Farquhar Road<br/>[[Upper Norwood]] SE19 1SS<br />
| 2013<br />
|[[File:LESLIE HOWARD 1893-1943 Actor and Film Director lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Derek Jarman]]<br/>(1942–1994)<br />
| "Film-maker, artist and gay rights activist lived and worked here"<br />
| [[Butler's Wharf|Butler's Wharf Building]], 36 [[Shad Thames]], London, SE1 2YE<br />
| 2019<br />
| [[File:Derek_Jarman_1942-1994_Film-maker,_artist_and_gay_rights_activist_lived_and_worked_here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Boris Karloff]]<br/>(1887–1969)<br />
| "William Henry Pratt alias Boris Karloff 1887–1969 Actor was born here"<br />
| 36 Forest Hill Road<br/>[[Peckham Rye]] SE22 0RR<br />
| 1998<br />
| [[File:William Henry Pratt alias BORIS KARLOFF 1887-1969 Actor was born here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Harold Moody (physician)|Dr. Harold Moody]]<br/>(1882–1947)<br />
| "Campaigner for Racial Equality lived and worked here"<br />
| 164 Queens Road<br/>[[Peckham]] SE15 2HP<br />
| 1995<br />
|[[File:DR HAROLD MOODY 1882-1947 Campaigner for Racial Equality lived and worked here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sam Mussabini|Scipio Africanus Mussabini]]<br/>(1867–1927)<br />
| "Athletics Coach lived here"<br />
| 84 Burbage Road<br/>[[Herne Hill]] SE24 9HE<br />
| 2012<br />
| [[File:SCIPIO AFRICANUS MUSSABINI 1867-1927 Athletics Coach lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[George Myers (builder)|George Myers]]<br/>(1803–1875)<br />
| "Master Builder lived here 1842–1853"<br />
| 131 St George's Road<br/>[[Southwark]] SE1 6HY<br />
| 1999<br />
| [[File:GEORGE MYERS 1803-1875 Master Builder lived here 1842-1853.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Percy Lane Oliver]]<br/>(1878–1944)<br />
| "Founder of the First Voluntary Blood Donor Service lived and worked here"<br />
| 5 Colyton Road<br/>[[Peckham Rye]] SE22 0NE<br />
| 1979<br />
|[[File:PERCY LANE OLIVER 1878-1944 Founder of the First Voluntary Blood Donor Service lived and worked here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
| [[The Peckham Experiment|Dr. Innes Pearse and Dr George Scott Williamson]]<br/>(1889–1978) (1884–1953)<br />
| "founded the Pioneer Health Centre here in 1926"<br />
| 142 Queen's Road<br/>[[Peckham]] SE15 2HP<br />
| 2016<br />
|[[File:Dr. INNES PEARSE 1889-1978 and Dr. GEORGE SCOTT WILLIAMSON 1884-1953 founded the Pioneer Health Centre here in 1926.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
| [[Sax Rohmer]]<br/>(1883–1959)<br />
| "Sax Rohmer [Arthur Henry Ward] 1883–1959 Creator of [[Fu Manchu|Dr. Fu Manchu]] lived here"<br />
| 51 Herne Hill<br/>[[Herne Hill]] SE24 9NE<br />
| 1985<br />
| [[File:SAX ROHMER Arthur Henry Ward 1883-1959 Creator of Dr. Fu Manchu lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ada Salter]]<br/>(1866–1942)<br />
| "Ada Salter 1866-1942 Social reformer and first woman mayor of a London borough lived here"<br />
| 149 Lower Road<br/>[[Rotherhithe]] SE16 2XL<br />
| 2023<br />
| [[File:ADA_SALTER_1866%E2%80%931942_Social_reformer_and_first_woman_mayor_of_a_London_borough_lived_here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sir Eyre Massey Shaw]]<br/>(1830–1908)<br />
| "First Chief Officer of the [[London Fire Brigade|Metropolitan Fire Brigade]] lived here 1878–1891"<br />
| Winchester House, 94 Southwark Bridge Road<br/>[[Southwark|Borough]] SE1 0EG<br />
| 2000<br />
| [[File:Sir Eyre Massey Shaw (6150824055).jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Francis Pettit Smith|Sir Francis Pettit Smith]]<br/>(1808–1874)<br />
| "Pioneer of the Screw Propeller lived here 1864–1870"<br />
| Fountain House, 17 Sydenham Hill<br/>[[Sydenham, London|Sydenham]] SE26 6SH<br />
| 2007<br />
| [[File:Sir FRANCIS PETTIT SMITH 1808-1874 Pioneer of the Screw Propeller lived here 1864-1870.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Sutton ===<br />
There is a single blue plaque in the [[London Borough of Sutton]].<ref name='EngHetSut'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/search/#?showTotals=true&terms=&mode=BluePlaques&borough=London%20Borough%20of%20Sutton|work=Blue plaques search – Sutton|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=31 August 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Plaque table header}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Hale White|William Hale White]] (aka "Mark Rutherford")<br />
| subject_dates = 1831–1913<br />
| inscription = "Novelist lived here"<br />
| street_address = 19 Park Hill<br />
| town = [[Carshalton]] SM5 3SA<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| year = 1979<br />
| image = WILLIAM HALE WHITE 'Mark Rutherford' 1831-1913 Novelist lived here.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques =616<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Tower Hamlets ===<br />
There are 22 blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Tower Hamlets]].<ref name='EngHetTH'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/search/#?showTotals=true&terms=&mode=BluePlaques&borough=London%20Borough%20of%20Tower%20Hamlets|work=Blue plaques search – Tower Hamlets|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=31 August 2014}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Person or institution<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Inscription<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Address<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Year issued<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Photo<br />
|-<br />
| [[Thomas John Barnardo|Dr. Barnardo]]<br/>(1845–1905)<br />
| "Began his work for children in a building on this site in 1866"<br />
| 58 Solent House, Ben Jonson Road<br/>[[Stepney]] E1 3NN<br />
| 1953<br />
| [[File:Dr Barnado, 58 Ben Jonson Road - geograph.org.uk - 1135397.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
| [[Thomas John Barnardo|Thomas Barnardo]]<br/>(1845–1905)<br />
| "Founder of Dr Barnardo's Homes for children lived here 1875–1879"<br />
| 32 Bow Road<br/>[[Bow, London|Bow]] E3 4LN<br />
| 2016<br />
| [[File:THOMAS BARNARDO 1845-1905 Founder of Dr Barnardo’s Homes for children lived here 1875-1879.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
| [[Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton]]<br/>(1786–1845)<br />
| "Anti–Slavery Campaigner lived and worked here"<br />
| The Directors' House, [[Old Truman Brewery]], 91 [[Brick Lane]]<br/>[[Shoreditch]] E1<br />
| 2007<br />
| [[File:Thomas Fowell Buxton - Blue Plaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Edith Cavell]]<br/>(1865–1915)<br />
| "Pioneer of Modern Nursing in Belgium and Heroine of the Great War trained and worked here 1896–1901"<br />
| [[London Hospital]], [[Whitechapel Road]]<br/>[[Whitechapel]] E1 1BB<br />
| 1988<br />
| [[File:Cavell Edith 1865-1915.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tubby Clayton|Reverend P. T. B. 'Tubby' Clayton]]<br/>(1885–1972)<br />
| "Founder of [[Toc H]] lived here"<br />
| 43 Trinity Square<br/>[[Tower Hill]] EC3N 4DJ<br />
| 1995<br />
| [[File:Reverend P. T. B. 'Tubby' Clayton 1885-1972 founder of Toc H lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jack Cohen (businessman)|Sir Jack Cohen]]<br/>(1898–1979)<br />
| "Entrepreneur Founder of [[Tesco|Tesco Stores]] lived here as a child"<br />
| 91 Ashfield Street<br/>[[Whitechapel]] E1 2HA<br />
| 2009<br />
| [[File:Sir JACK COHEN 1898-1979 Entrepreneur Founder of Tesco Stores lived here as a child.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[James Cook|Captain James Cook]]<br/>(1728–1779)<br />
| "On this site stood a house occupied for some years by Captain James Cook 1728–1779 Circumnavigator and Explorer"<br />
| 88 Mile End Road<br/>[[Mile End]] E1 4UN<br />
| 1970<br />
| [[File:Capt. Cook's House - geograph.org.uk - 993226.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Bud Flanagan]]<br/>(1896–1968)<br />
| "Comedian and Leader of the '[[Crazy Gang (comedy group)|Crazy Gang]]' born here"<br />
| 12 Hanbury Street<br/>[[Spitalfields]] E1 6QR<br />
| 1996<br />
| [[File:Bud Flanagan 1896-1968 Comedian and Leader of the Crazy Gang born here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[V-1 flying bomb|Flying Bomb]]<br/>(13 June 1944)<br />
| "The First Flying Bomb on London Fell Here 13 June 1944"<br />
| Railway Bridge, Grove Road<br/>[[Bow, London|Bow]] E3<br />
| 1988<br />
| [[File:The first flying bomb on London fell here 13 June 1944.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mahatma Gandhi]]<br/>(1869–1948)<br />
| "Stayed here in 1931"<br />
| [[Kingsley Hall]], Powis Road<br/>[[Bromley by Bow]] E3 3HJ<br />
| 1954<br />
| [[File:Mahatma Gandhi 1869-1948 stayed here in 1931.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Anna Maria Garthwaite]]<br/>(1690–1763)<br />
| "Designer of Spitalfields Silks lived and worked here"<br />
| 2 Princelet Street<br/>[[Spitalfields]] E1 6QH<br />
| 1998<br />
|[[File:Anna Maria Garthwaite 1690-1763 Designer of Spitalfields Silks lived and worked here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mark Gertler (artist)|Mark Gertler]]<br/>(1891–1939)<br />
| "Painter lived here"<br />
| 32 Elder Street<br/>[[Spitalfields]] E1 6BT<br />
| 2000<br />
| [[File:Mark Gertler - GLC blue plaque, 32 Elder Street Spitalfields.JPG|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[SS Great Eastern]]<br/>(1847–1929)<br />
| "THE GREAT EASTERN (launched 1858) largest steamship of the century was built here by I.K. Brunel and J.Scott Russell"<br />
| Burrells Wharf, 262 Westferry Road, [[Isle of Dogs]], London E14 3TP<br />
| 1954<br />
| [[File:THE GREAT EASTERN ( launched 1858 ) largest steamship of the century was built here by I.K. Brunel and J.Scott Russell.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Richard Green]]<br/>(1837–1883)<br />
| "Historian of the English people Lived here 1866–1869"<br />
| St Philip's Vicarage, 38 Newark Street<br/>[[Whitechapel]] E1 2AA<br />
| 1910<br />
| [[File:Green John Richard - LCC commemorative plaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Groser|The Reverend St. John Groser]]<br/>(1890–1966)<br />
| "Priest and Social Reformer lived here"<br />
| Royal Foundation of St Katherine, 2 Butcher Row<br/>[[Limehouse]] E14 8DS<br />
| 1990<br />
| [[File:Reverend St.John Grosser - Blue Plaque.JPG|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mary Hughes]]<br/>(1860–1941)<br />
| "Friend of All in Need lived and worked here 1926–1941"<br />
| 71 Vallance Road<br/>[[Bethnal Green]] E2 5BS<br />
| 1961<br />
| [[File:Mary Hughes Blue Plaque.JPG|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[James Joseph Mallon|Dr. Jimmy Mallon C. H.]]<br/>(1874–1961)<br />
| "Warden of [[Toynbee Hall]] Champion of Social Reform lived here"<br />
| [[Toynbee Hall]], [[Commercial Street, London|Commercial Street]]<br/>[[Whitechapel]] E1 6LS<br />
| 1984<br />
| [[File:Dr Jimmy Mallon - blue plaque.JPG|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Matchgirls' strike|The Match Girls’ Strike]]<br />
|"took place here at the [[Bryant and May]] works in 1888"<br />
|3 Moreland Cottages, Bow Quarter, 60 Fairfield Road, [[Bow, London|Bow]], London, E3 2QN<br />
|2022<br />
|[[File:The MATCH GIRLS’ STRIKE took place here at the Bryant and May works in 1888.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Ratcliff Cross]]<br />
|"This tablet is in memory of [[Sir Hugh Willoughby]], [[Stephen Borough]], [[William Borough]], [[Sir Martin Frobisher]] and other navigators who, in the latter half of the sixteenth century, set sail from this reach of the [[River Thames]] near Ratcliff Cross to explore the northern seas"<br />
|[[King Edward Memorial Park]], The Highway, [[Shadwell]], London E1<br />
|1922<br />
|[[File:LCC tablet in King Edward VII memorial park (close).JPG|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Isaac Rosenberg]]<br/>(1890–1918)<br />
| "Poet and Painter lived in the East End and studied here"<br />
| [[Whitechapel Library]], 77 High Street<br/>[[Whitechapel]] E1 7QX<br />
| 1987<br />
| [[File:Isaac Rosenberg 1890-1918 Poet and Painter lived in the East End and studied here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Lincoln Stanhope Wainwright]]<br/>(1847–1929)<br />
| "Vicar of [[St Peter's, London Docks]] lived here 1884–1929"<br />
| Clergy House, Wapping Lane<br/>[[Shadwell]] E1W 2RW<br />
| 1961<br />
| [[File:Blue Plaque - Lincoln Wainwright.JPG|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Israel Zangwill]]<br/>(1864–1926)<br />
| "Writer and Philanthropist lived here"<br />
| 288 Old Ford Road<br/>[[Old Ford]] E3 5SP<br />
| 1965<br />
| [[File:Israel Zangwill - London County Council Blue Plaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Waltham Forest ===<br />
There are four blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Waltham Forest]] .<ref name='EngHetWT'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/search/#?showTotals=true&terms=&mode=BluePlaques&borough=London%20Borough%20of%20Waltham%20Forest|work=Blue plaques search – Waltham Forest|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=29 October 2020}}</ref> <br />
<br />
{{Plaque table header}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Alliott Verdon Roe]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1877–1958)<br />
| inscription = "Under these arches...assembled his [[Roe I Triplane|Avro No.1 triplane]]. In July 1909 he made the first all-British powered flight from Walthamstow Marsh"<br />
| street_address = Railway arches at Walthamstow Marsh Railway Viaduct, [[Walthamstow Marshes]]<br />
| town = [[Walthamstow]] E17<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 1983<br />
| image = Under these arches ALLIOTT VERDON ROE assembled his Avro No.1 triplane.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 491<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Harry Beck]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1902–1974)<br />
| inscription = "Designer of the [[Tube map|London Underground map]] was born here"<br />
| street_address = 14 Wesley Road<br />
| town = [[Leyton]] E10 6JF<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 2013<br />
| image = Harry Beck 1902 -1974 designer of the London Underground map was born here.JPG<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 12256<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[James Hilton (novelist)|James Hilton]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1900–1954)<br />
| inscription = "Novelist and Scriptwriter lived here"<br />
| street_address = 42 Oakhill Gardens<br />
| town = [[Woodford Green]] IG8 9DY<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 1997<br />
| image = James Hilton Blue Plaque.JPG<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 529<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Sol Plaatje|Solomon T. Plaatje]]<br />
| subject_dates = (1876–1932)<br />
| inscription = "Black South African Writer and Campaigner for African Rights lived here"<br />
| street_address = 25 Carnarvon Road<br />
| town = [[Walthamstow]] E10 6DW<br />
| coordinates =<br />
| year = 1986<br />
| image = Solomon T. Plaatje 1876-1932 - Greater London Council Blue Plaque.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 163<br />
| notes =<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Wandsworth ===<br />
There are thirty blue plaques in the [[London Borough of Wandsworth]].<ref name='EngHetWan'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/#?pageBP=1&sizeBP=12&borBP=30&keyBP=&catBP=0|work=Blue plaques search – Wandsworth|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=24 April 2023}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; text-align:center;"<br />
|-<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Person or institution<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Inscription<br />
! style="width:20%; background:#efefef;"| Address<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Year issued<br />
! style="width:10%; background:#efefef;"| Photo<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Richard Archer]]<br/>(1863–1932)<br />
| "Mayor of Battersea who fought social and racial injustice lived here"<br />
| 55 Brynmaer Road<br/>[[Battersea]] SW11 4EN<br />
| 2013<br />
| [[File:John Richard Archer blue plaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[H. M. Bateman]]<br/>(1887–1970)<br />
| "Cartoonist lived here 1910–1914"<br />
| 40 Nightingale Lane<br/>[[Clapham]] SW12 8TF<br />
| 1997<br />
| [[File:H.M. BATEMAN 1887-1970 Cartoonist lived here 1910-1914.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Edvard Beneš]]<br/>(1884–1948)<br />
| "[[President of Czechoslovakia]] lived here"<br />
| 26 Gwendolen Avenue<br/>[[Putney]] SW15 6EH<br />
| 1978<br />
| [[File:EdvardBenesBluePlaqueGwendolenAvenue 01.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Burns]]<br/>(1858–1943)<br />
| "Statesman lived here"<br />
| 110 [[Clapham Common Northside]]<br/>[[Clapham]] SW4 0JL<br />
| 1950<br />
| [[File:JOHN BURNS 1858-1943 STATESMAN lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Norman Douglas]]<br/>(1868–1952)<br />
| "Writer lived here"<br />
| 63 Albany Mansions, Albert Bridge Road<br/>[[Battersea]] SW11 4QA<br />
| 1980<br />
| [[File:Norman Douglas (4523874299).jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gus Elen]]<br/>(1862–1940)<br />
| "Music Hall Comedian lived here"<br />
| 3 Thurleigh Avenue<br/>[[Balham]] SW12 8AN<br />
| 1979<br />
|[[File:GUS ELEN 1862-1940 Music Hall Comedian lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[George Eliot]]<br/>(1819–1880)<br />
| "Novelist lived here"<br />
| Holly Lodge, 31 Wimbledon Park Road<br/>[[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]] SW18 5SJ<br />
| 1905<br />
| [[File:George Eliot 31 Wimbledon Park Road blue plaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Henri Gaudier-Brzeska]]<br/>(1891-1915)<br />
| "Sculptor and Artist worked here 1913-1914"<br />
| 25 Winthorpe Road<br/>[[Putney]] SW15 2LW<br />
| 2017<br />
| [[File:HENRI GAUDIER-BRZESKA 1891-1915 Sculptor and Artist worked here 1913-1914.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
| [[Thomas Hardy]]<br/>(1840–1928)<br />
| "Poet and novelist lived here 1878–1881"<br />
| 172 Trinity Road<br/>[[Tooting]] SW17 7HT<br />
| 1962<br />
| [[File:THOMAS HARDY 1840-1928 POET & NOVELIST lived here 1878-1881.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
| [[G. A. Henty]]<br/>(1832–1902)<br />
| "Author lived here"<br />
| 33 Lavender Gardens<br/>[[Clapham]] SW11 1DJ<br />
| 1953<br />
| [[File:G.A. HENTY 1832-1902 AUTHOR lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gerard Manley Hopkins]]<br/>(1844–1889)<br />
| "Poet lived and studied at Manresa House"<br />
| Gatepost at Manresa House, Holybourne Avenue<br/>[[Roehampton]] SW15 4JD<br />
| 1979<br />
| [[File:GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS SJ 1844-1889 Poet lived and studied in Manresa House.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Robert Hunter (civil servant)|Sir Robert Hunter]]<br/>(1844-1913) <br />
|Co-founder of the National Trust lived here 1869-1872<br />
|5 Louvaine Road, [[Battersea]] SW11 2AQ<br />
|2020<br />
|[[File:Sir_ROBERT_HUNTER_1844-1913_Co-founder_of_the_National_Trust_lived_here_1869-1872.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Charles Sargeant Jagger]]<br/>(1885–1934)<br />
| "Sculptor lived and died here"<br />
| 67 Albert Bridge Road<br/>[[Battersea]] SW11 4QE<br />
| 2000<br />
| [[File:CHARLES SARGEANT JAGGER 1885-1934 Sculptor lived and died here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Fred Knee]]<br/>(1868–1914)<br />
| "London Labour Party Pioneer and Housing Reformer lived here"<br />
| 24 Sugden Road<br/>[[Clapham]] SW11 5EF<br />
| 1986<br />
| [[File:FRED KNEE 1868-1914 London Labour Party Pioneer and Housing Reformer lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Harry Lauder|Sir Harry Lauder]]<br/>(1870–1950)<br />
| "[[Music Hall]] Artiste lived here 1903–1911"<br />
| 46 Longley Road<br/>[[Tooting]] SW17 9LL<br />
| 1969<br />
| [[File:SIR HARRY LAUDER 1870-1950 Music Hall Artiste lived here 1903-1911.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ted "Kid" Lewis]]<br/>(1893–1970)<br />
| "World Champion Boxer lived and died here"<br />
| Nightingale House, Nightingale Lane<br/>[[Balham]] SW12 8NB<br />
| 2003<br />
| [[File:Ted 'Kid' Lewis (4498939663).jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[David Lloyd George|Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor]]<br/>(1929-1992)<br />
| "Prime Minister lived here"<br />
| 3 Routh Road<br/>[[Wandsworth Common]], [[Wandsworth]] SW18 3SW<br />
| 2004<br />
| [[File:DAVID LLOYD GEORGE Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor 1863-1945 PRIME MINISTER lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kenneth MacMillan|Sir Kenneth MacMillan]]<br/>(1929-1992)<br />
| "Choreographer lived here"<br />
| 14 Lyford Road<br/>, [[Wandsworth]] SW18 3LG<br />
| 2004<br />
| [[File:Sir Kenneth MacMillan 1929-1992 Choreographer lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Seán O'Casey]]<br/>(1880–1964)<br />
| "Playwright lived here at flat No 49"<br />
| 49 Overstrand Mansions, Prince of Wales Drive<br/>[[Battersea]] SW11 4EZ<br />
| 1993<br />
| [[File:SEAN O'CASEY 1880-1964 Playwright lived here at flat No 49.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Fred Russell (ventriloquist)|Fred Russell]]<br/>(1862–1957)<br />
| "Father of Modern Ventriloquism lived here in flat No.71 1914–1926"<br />
| 71 Kenilworth Court, Lower Richmond Road<br/>[[Putney]] SW15 1EN<br />
| 2009<br />
| [[File:FredRussellBluePlaque.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Abdus Salam]]<br/>(1926–1996)<br />
| "Physicist, Nobel Laureate and champion of science in developing countries lived here"<br />
| 8 Campion Road<br/>[[Putney]] SW16 6NW<br />
| 2020<br />
| [[File:ABDUS SALAM 1926-1996 Physicist, Nobel Laureate and champion of science in developing countries lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Edwin Saunders|Sir Edwin Saunders]]<br/>(1814–1901)<br />
| "Dentist to [[Queen Victoria]] lived and died here"<br />
| Fairlawn, 89 Wimbledon Parkside<br/>[[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]] SW19 5LR<br />
| 1997<br />
| [[File:SIR EDWIN SAUNDERS 1814-1901 Dentist to Queen Victoria lived and died here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Short Brothers]]<br/><small>Eustace Short (1875–1932)<br/>Horace Short (1872–1917)<br/>[[Oswald Short]] (1883–1969)</small><br />
| "Aeronautical Engineers worked in arches 75 and 81"<br />
| Arch 75, Queen's Circus<br/>[[Battersea Park]] SW8 4ND<br />
| 2013<br />
| [[File:THE SHORT BROTHERS HORACE 1872-1917 EUSTACE 1875-1932 OSWALD 1883-1969 Aeronautical Engineers worked in arches 75 and 81.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Charles Haddon Spurgeon]]<br/>(1834–1892)<br />
| "Preacher Lived Here"<br />
| 99 Nightingale Lane<br/>[[Balham]] SW12 8LZ<br />
| 1914<br />
|[[File:CHARLES HADDON SPURGEON (1834-1892) Preacher Lived Here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Marie Spartali Stillman]]<br/>(1844–1927)<br />
| "Pre-Raphaelite artist and model lived here"<br />
| The Shrubbery, 2 Lavender Gardens<br/>[[Battersea]] SW11 1DL<br />
| 2023<br />
|[[File:MARIE SPARTALI STILLMAN 1844-1927 Pre-Raphaelite artist and model lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Algernon Charles Swinburne]]<br/>(1837–1909) and [[Theodore Watts-Dunton]]<br/>(1832–1914)<br />
| "Algernon Charles Swinburne (1837–1909) – Poet – and his friend Theodore Watts-Dunton (1832–1914) Poet-Novelist-Critic Lived and died here"<br />
| [[The Pines, Putney|The Pines]], 11 Putney Hill<br/>[[Putney]] SW15 6BA<br />
| 1926<br />
| [[File:ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE (1837-1909) ~ Poet ~ and his friend THEODORE WATTS-DUNTON (1832-1914) Poet-Novelist-Critic Lived and died here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Edward Thomas (poet)|Edward Thomas]]<br/>(1878–1917)<br />
| "Essayist and poet lived here"<br />
| 61 Shelgate Road<br/>[[Clapham]] SW11 1BA<br />
| 1949<br />
| [[File:Edward Thomas (4498925115).jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[John Walter (publisher)|John Walter]]<br/>(1739–1812)<br />
| "Founder of ''[[The Times]]'' lived here"<br />
| 113 [[Clapham Common Northside]]<br/>[[Clapham]] SW4 9SN<br />
| 1977<br />
| [[File:John Walter (4499563622).jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[William Wilberforce]]<br/>(1759–1833)<br />
| "On the site behind this house stood until 1904 Broomwood House (formerly Broomfield) where William Wilberforce resided during the campaign against slavery which he successfully conducted in Parliament"<br />
| 111 Broomwood Road<br/>[[Battersea]] SW11 6JTJ<br />
| 1906<br />
|[[File:On the site behind this house stood until 1904 Broomwood House (for- merly Broomfield) where WILLIAM WILBERFORCE resided during the CAMPAIGN against SLAVERY which he successfully conducted in Parliament.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[Edward Adrian Wilson]]<br/>(1872–1912)<br />
| "[[Antarctic]] explorer and naturalist lived here"<br />
| Battersea Vicarage, 42 Vicarage Crescent<br/>[[Battersea]] SW11 3LD<br />
| 1935<br />
|[[File:EDWARD ADRIAN WILSON ANTARCTIC EXPLORER and NATURALIST (1872-1912) Lived here.jpg|100px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== City of London ===<br />
There is a single blue plaque in the [[City of London]].<ref name='EngHetCitLon'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/search/#?showTotals=true&terms=&mode=BluePlaques&borough=City%20of%20London|work=Blue plaques search – City of London|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=31 August 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Plaque table header}}<br />
{{Plaque table row<br />
| subject = [[Samuel Johnson]]<br />
| subject_dates = 1709–1784<br />
| inscription = "Author lived here"<br />
| street_address = [[Dr Johnson's House]], Gough Square<br />
| town = [[Holborn]] EC4A 3DE<br />
| coordinates = <br />
| year = 1876<br />
| image = Samuel Johnson plaque London.jpg<br />
| commonscat = <br />
| open_plaques = 1364<br />
| notes = This is one of the 15 surviving plaques erected by the [[Royal Society of Arts]]. <br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== City of Westminster ===<br />
{{Main|List of English Heritage blue plaques in the City of Westminster}}<br />
There are 320 blue plaques in the [[City of Westminster]].<ref name='EngHetWM'>{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/#?pageBP=1&sizeBP=12&borBP=2&keyBP=&catBP=0|work=Blue plaques search – City of Westminster|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of blue plaques]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://openplaques.org/organisations/english_heritage English Heritage plaques] recorded on openplaques.org<br />
*[http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/ English Heritage – Blue plaques]<br />
*[http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/search/ English Heritage – Search blue plaques]<br />
*[https://www.homesandproperty.co.uk/property-news/london-has-933-blue-plaques-plotted-on-this-new-interactive-map-find-out-whos-lived-near-you-a119881.html/ London has 933 blue plaques plotted on this new interactive map — find out who's lived near you] Interactive map by [[Esri]] April 2018<br />
<br />
{{Public art in London|other monuments}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:English Heritage blue plaques in London}}<br />
[[Category:Lists of blue plaques|London]]<br />
[[Category:English Heritage]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in London]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of places in London]]<br />
[[Category:Lists of public art by London borough]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Mirren&diff=1151510963Helen Mirren2023-04-24T14:31:55Z<p>SteveCrook: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|English actor (born 1945)}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Dame]]<br />
| name = Helen Mirren<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}}<br />
| image = Helen Mirren-2208 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Mirren in 2020<br />
| alt = Mirren at the 2020 Berlin International Film Festival<br />
| birth_name = Helen Lydia Mironoff<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1945|7|26}}<br />
| birth_place = London, England<!--No boroughs/neighbourhoods, just cities per format.--><br />
| citizenship = {{hlist|United Kingdom|United States}}<br />
| occupation = Actor<!-- READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR and it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --><br />
| years_active = 1965–present<br />
| party = {{nowrap|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (2020–present)<ref name="democrat">{{cite web |last1=Jackson |first1=Hugh |title=Helen Mirren for governor |url=https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |publisher=Nevada Current |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022204617/https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |archive-date=22 October 2020 |date=22 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|United States affiliation}}}}<br />
| otherparty = [[Independent voter|Independent]]<ref name="independent">{{cite web |title=Helen Mirren: Her crowning achievement |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |work=The Independent |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708131908/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |archive-date=8 July 2022 |date=18 August 2006 |quote="I've never been a member of Labour, or any political party for that matter, but in 1997 I wanted to get rid of the Conservatives; wanted to get rid of that appalling lot." |url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|United Kingdom affiliation}}<br />
| works = [[Helen Mirren on screen and stage|Full list]]<br />
| partner = [[Liam Neeson]] (1980–1985)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/movies/helen-mirren-says-she-and-ex-liam-neeson-loved-each-other-but-were-not-meant-to-be-together/|title=Helen Mirren Says She and Ex Liam Neeson 'Loved Each Other' But 'Were Not Meant to Be Together'|date=2022-11-22|access-date=2023-01-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/movies/liam-neeson-helen-mirren-talk-past-relationship/|title=Liam Neeson Recalls First Falling for Former Flame Helen Mirren: 'I Was Smitten'|date=2018-01-19|access-date=2023-01-28}}</ref><br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Taylor Hackford]]|31 December 1997}}<br />
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Simon Mirren]] (nephew)|[[Tania Mallet]] (cousin)|[[Rio Hackford]] (stepson)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/rio-hackford-dead-mandalorian-1235233527/|title=Rio Hackford, Club Owner and Actor, Dies at 52|first=Pat|last=Saperstein|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=15 April 2022|access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>}}<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Full list]]<br />
| website = {{URL|helenmirren.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dame Helen Mirren''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} (born '''Helen Lydia Mironoff'''; born 26 July 1945) is an English<!--as per [[MOS:BIO]]; became notable as English and not British-American--> actor.<!--PLEASE READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --> The recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|numerous accolades]], she is the only performer to have achieved the [[Triple Crown of Acting]] in both the United States and [[Triple Crown (UK entertainment)|the United Kingdom]]. She received an [[Academy Award]] and a [[British Academy Film Award]] for her portrayal of [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'', a [[Tony Award]] and a [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for the same role in ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]'', three [[British Academy Television Awards]] for her performance as DCI Jane Tennison in ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]], and a [[Children's and Family Emmy Award]].<br />
<br />
Mirren's stage performance as [[Cleopatra]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[National Youth Theatre]] in 1965 provided her an opportunity to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]], before making her [[West End theatre|West End]] stage debut in 1975. She subsequently went on to achieve success in film and television, appearing in films such as ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001), and ''[[The Last Station]]'' (2009), receiving Academy Award nominations for each of those performances. For her role on ''Prime Suspect'', which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] (1992, 1993 and 1994)—a record of consecutive wins shared with Dame [[Julie Walters]]—and two [[Primetime Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/helen-mirren |title=Helen Mirren |website=[[Emmy Award]] |access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> She played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 TV series)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), and [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in the film ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006); she is the only actor to have portrayed both of the regnant Elizabeths on screen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Helen Mirren, at 75, remains the queen of acting |url=https://www.dw.com/en/why-helen-mirren-at-75-remains-the-queen-of-acting/a-52429296 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
After her breakthrough role in ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980), Mirren appeared in a variety of other films including ''[[Cal (1984 film)|Cal]]'' (1984), for which she won the [[Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress]], ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover]]'' (1989), ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003), ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]'' (2010), ''[[The Debt (2010 film)|The Debt]]'' (2010), ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'' (2012), ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' (2014), ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'' (2015), ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'' (2015), and ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' (2017). She has also appeared in several action films such as ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'' (2010) and its sequel ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]'' (2013), as well as in the ''[[Fast & Furious]]'' film franchise ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'' (2017), ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]'' (2019), and ''[[F9 (film)|F9]]'' (2021).<br />
<br />
In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref name="Damehood">{{London Gazette|issue=56963|supp=y|page=7 |date=14 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Ceremony">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |title=Dame Helen centre stage at palace |date=5 December 2003 |website=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725070213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |archive-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> <br />
She's received numerous honours including a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013,<ref name="Walk of fame">{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |title=Helen Mirren Gets Hollywood Walk of Fame Star |date=4 January 2013 |website=[[Sky News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116224406/http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement in 2014,<ref name="bafta.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/helen-mirren-fellowship-2014,4076,BA.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren&nbsp;– BAFTA Fellow in 2014 |date=26 January 2014 |website=BAFTA |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> and [[Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award]] in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grater |first1=Tom |title=Helen Mirren To Receive SAG Life Achievement Award |url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/helen-mirren-sag-life-achievement-award-1234876685/ |website=Deadline |date=18 November 2021 |access-date=November 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
<!-- Although it is common to have an 'a' at the end of a woman's patronymic, when Russian families moved to the UK, they often "froze" their surnames and didn't follow the old patronymic rules any more. The same applies to other nationalities like Icelandic and those from Nordic countries. Had she been born in Russia, Helen Mirren likely would have been named Yelena or Ilyena Vasilyeva Mironova. But she was born in the UK and was named Helen Lydia Mironoff --><br />
Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff on 26 July 1945<ref name="biography.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/helen-mirren-547434 |title=Helen Mirren Biography: Actress (1945–) |website=[[Biography.com]] |publisher=[[FYI (TV network)|FYI]]/[[A&E Networks]] |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=ker>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002fa_fact1 |title=Command Performance: The reign of Helen Mirren |last=Lahr |first=John |date=2 October 2006 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=24 October 2010}}</ref> at [[Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital]] in the [[Hammersmith]] district of London,<ref name=birth>{{cite web |url=http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=bmd%2fb%2f1945%2f3%2faz%2f000858%2f014 |title=England & Wales births 1837–2006 Transcription |website=[[Findmypast]] |access-date=6 June 2016 |quote=Her birth was registered in the Hammersmith registration district |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='Whenever I see the Queen, I think, "Oh ... there I am"': The right royal progress of Helen Mirren |first=Neil |last=Norman |date=10 March 2013 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> to an English mother and Russian father.<ref name=nationsmemory>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |title=Helen Mirren |website=Nation's Memorybank |access-date=5 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207044313/http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref> Her mother, Kathleen "Kitty" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (née Rogers; 1908–1996), was a working-class woman from [[West Ham]], the thirteenth of fourteen children born to a butcher whose own father was the butcher to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name=nationsmemory/>{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=34}} Mirren's father, Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913–1980), was a member of an exiled family of the [[Russian nobility]]; he was taken to England when he was two by his father, Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov.<ref name=nationsmemory/> Pyotr Mironov, who owned a family estate near Gzhatsk (now [[Gagarin, Smolensk Oblast|Gagarin]]), was part of the Russian aristocracy. His mother, Mirren's great-grandmother, was Countess Lydia Andreevna Kamenskaya, an aristocrat and a descendant of [[Mikhail Kamensky|Count Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky]], a prominent Russian general in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=ker/><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/news/tn-vsl-xpm-2006-09-28-lap-queen0921-story.html| title=Behind the Scene:God Save The Queen| date=28 September 2006| newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Susan E.| last=James}}</ref> Pyotr Mironov served as a colonel in the [[Imperial Russian Army]] and fought in the 1904 [[Russo-Japanese War]]. He became a diplomat and was negotiating an arms deal in Britain when he and his family were stranded by the [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917.<ref name="NYTJacobs">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212214734/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-date=12 February 2020| url-status=bot: unknown| title=Helen Mirren Plays Catherine II in the Years That Made Her 'the Great'| date=21 October 2019| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Julia| last=Jacobs| url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222071030/http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-date=22 February 2019 |title=Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov Collection: The Russian Government Committee in London (1914–1939) |date=11 September 2009 |website=University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies Library |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> He settled in England and became a London cab driver to support his family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/helen-mirrens-in-the-prime-of-life-7239430.html |title=Helen Mirren's in the prime of life |date=13 July 2017 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Vasily Mironoff also played the viola with the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] before [[World War II]].<ref name=nationsmemory/> He was an ambulance driver during the war, and served in the [[East End of London]] during [[the Blitz]].{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=22}} He and Kathleen Rogers married in Hammersmith in 1938, and at some point before 1951 he anglicised his first name to Basil.<ref name=Gazette/> Shortly after Helen's birth, her father left the orchestra and returned to driving a cab to support the family. He later worked as a driving-test examiner, then became a civil servant with the [[Department for Transport|Ministry of Transport]].<ref name="biography.com"/><ref name=nationsmemory/> In 1951, he changed the family name to Mirren by [[deed poll]].<ref name=Gazette>{{London Gazette |date=12 October 1951 |issue=39356 |page= 5331 |supp=y}}</ref> Mirren considers her upbringing to have been "very anti-monarchist".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |title=Helen Mirren, British Royal Tea? |first=Natalie |last=Finn |date=26 February 2007 |website=[[E! News]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012090005/http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |archive-date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> She was the second of three children; she has an older sister Katherine ("Kate"; born 1942) and had a younger brother Peter Basil (1947–2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/189510/helen-mirren-fondly-remembers-late-costar-alan-rickman |title=Helen Mirren fondly remembers late costar Alan Rickman |last=Nepales |first=Ruben V. |date=7 February 2016 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |location=Manila |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Her paternal cousin was [[Tania Mallet]], a model and [[Bond girl]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47772012 |title=Goldfinger actress dies aged 77 |date=1 April 2019 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Mirren was brought up in [[Leigh-on-Sea]], Essex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Helen Mirren interview |last=Piccalo |first=Gina |date=7 February 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=6 November 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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Mirren attended Hamlet Court primary school in [[Westcliff-on-Sea]], where she had the lead role in a school production of ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]'',{{sfn|Mirren|2011|pp=47–48}}<ref name=autobiography>{{cite book |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |first=Helen |last=Mirren |date=25 March 2008 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |isbn=978-1-41656-760-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/inframemylifeinw0000mirr }}</ref> and [[St Bernard's High School for Girls]] in [[Southend-on-Sea]], where she also acted in school productions. She subsequently attended a teaching college, the [[Middlesex University|New College of Speech and Drama]] in London, "housed within [[Anna Pavlova]]'s old home, Ivy House" on North End Road. At the age of eighteen, she passed the audition for the [[National Youth Theatre]] (NYT); and at twenty, she played [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra]] in the NYT production of ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Old Vic]], a role which she says "launched my career" and led to her signing with agent [[Albert Parker (director)|Al Parker]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Fame Academy: Where Daniel Craig, Helen Mirren and Colin Firth learned to act |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=22 April 2020 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Waterman |first=Ivan |date=2003 |title=Helen Mirren: The Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Metro Books |pages=[https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 18–22, 26–29] |isbn=1843580535 }}</ref><br />
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==Theatre career==<br />
===Early years===<br />
As a result of her work for the National Youth Theatre, Mirren was invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (RSC). While with the RSC, she played Castiza in [[Trevor Nunn]]'s 1966 staging of ''[[The Revenger's Tragedy]]'', Diana in ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (1967), Cressida in ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'' (1968), Rosalind<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |title=Helen Mirren – Biography |website=[[TalkTalk Group|TalkTalk]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233618/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> in ''[[As You Like It]]'' (1968), Julia in ''[[The Two Gentlemen of Verona]]'' (1970), Tatiana in [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]]'s ''Enemies'' at the [[Aldwych Theatre|Aldwych]] (1971), and the title role in ''[[Miss Julie]]'' at [[The Other Place (theatre)|The Other Place]] (1971). She also appeared in four productions, directed by [[Braham Murray]] for Century Theatre at the University Theatre in Manchester, between 1965 and 1967.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Braham |author-link=Braham Murray |year=2007 |title=The Worst It Can Be Is a Disaster |location=London |publisher=Methuen Drama |isbn=978-0-7136-8490-2}}</ref><br />
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In 1970, the director and producer [[John Goldschmidt]] made a documentary film, ''Doing Her Own Thing'', about Mirren during her time with the Royal Shakespeare Company. Made for [[Associated TeleVision|ATV]], it was shown on the ITV network in the UK. In 1972 and 1973, Mirren worked with [[Peter Brook]]'s International Centre for Theatre Research and joined the group's tour in North Africa and the US, during which they created ''[[The Conference of the Birds]]''. She then rejoined the RSC, playing [[Lady Macbeth]] at [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre|Stratford]] in 1974 and at the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in 1975.<br />
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[[Sally Beauman]] reported, in her 1982 history of the RSC, that Mirren—while appearing in Nunn's ''Macbeth'' (1974), and in a letter to ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper—had sharply criticised both the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and the RSC for their lavish production expenditure, declaring it "unnecessary and destructive to the art of the Theatre", and adding, "The realms of truth, emotion and imagination reached for in acting a great play have become more and more remote, often totally unreachable across an abyss of costume and technicalities..." This started a big debate, and led to a question in parliament. There were no discernible repercussions for this rebuke of the RSC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/jul/23/helen-mirren-at-75-michael-billington |title=Helen Mirren at 75: wild costumes, blazing performances – and a spell as a rock banshee |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |first=Michael |last=Billington |date=23 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beauman |first=Sally |author-link=Sally Beauman |date=1982 |title=The Royal Shakespeare Company: A History of Ten Decades |url=https://archive.org/details/royalshakespeare00sall |url-access=registration |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19212-209-4}}</ref><br />
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===West End and RSC===<br />
At the [[West End theatre|West End]]'s [[Royal Court Theatre]] in September 1975, she played the role of a rock star named Maggie in ''[[Teeth 'n' Smiles (play)|Teeth 'n' Smiles]]'', a musical play by [[David Hare (dramatist)|David Hare]]; she reprised the role the following year in a revival of the play at [[Wyndham's Theatre]] in May 1976.<br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren at Met Opera.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the opening of the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in 2008]]<br />
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Beginning in November 1975, Mirren played in West End repertory with the Lyric Theatre Company as Nina in ''[[The Seagull]]'' and Ella in [[Ben Travers]]'s new farce ''The Bed Before Yesterday'' ("Mirren is stirringly voluptuous as the [[Jean Harlow|Harlowesque]] good-time girl": [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]], ''The Guardian''). At the RSC in Stratford in 1977, and at the Aldwych the following year, she played a steely Queen Margaret in [[Terry Hands]]' production of the three parts of ''[[Henry VI (play)|Henry VI]]'', while 1979 saw her 'bursting with grace', and winning acclaim for her performance as Isabella in [[Peter Gill (playwright)|Peter Gill]]'s production of ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' at [[Riverside Studios]].<br />
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In 1981, she returned to the Royal Court for the London premiere of [[Brian Friel]]'s ''[[Faith Healer]]''. That same year she also won acclaim for her performance in the title role of [[John Webster]]'s ''[[The Duchess of Malfi]]'', a production of Manchester's [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange Theatre]] which was later transferred to [[The Roundhouse]] in [[Chalk Farm]], London. Reviewing her portrayal for ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'', [[Francis King]] wrote: "Miss Mirren never leaves it in doubt that even in her absences, this ardent, beautiful woman is the most important character of the story." In her performance as Moll Cutpurse in ''[[The Roaring Girl]]''—at the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre]] in January 1983, and at the [[Barbican Theatre]] in April 1983—she was described as having "swaggered through the action with radiant singularity of purpose, filling in areas of light and shade that even [[Thomas Middleton]] and [[Thomas Dekker (poet)|Thomas Dekker]] omitted."&nbsp;– [[Michael Coveney]], ''[[Financial Times]]'', April 1983.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Philip |title=Becoming Helen Mirren |date=25 October 2019 |publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=roaring+girl| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of 1989, Mirren co-starred with [[Bob Peck]] at the [[Young Vic]] in the London premiere of the [[Arthur Miller]] double-bill, ''Two Way Mirror'', performances which prompted Miller to remark: "What is so good about English actors is that they are not afraid of the open expression of large emotions. British actors like to speak. In London, there’s a much more open-hearted kind of exchange between stage and audience" (interview by [[Sheridan Morley]]: ''[[The Times]]'' 11 January 1989).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bigsby |first1=Christopher |title=Arthur Miller: 1962-2005 |date=2011 |publisher=Hachette UK}}</ref> In ''[[Elegy for a Lady]]'' she played the svelte proprietress of a classy boutique, while as the blonde hooker in ''[[Some Kind of Love Story]]'' she was "clad in a Freudian slip and shifting easily from waif-like vulnerability to sexual aggression, giving the role a breathy Monroesque quality".<ref>{{cite news |title=The Coutours of Passion| newspaper=The Guardian| location=London| date=25 January 1989| page=46| last=Billington| first=Michael| url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259882155/ |access-date=22 October 2020 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><br />
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On 15 February 2013, at the West End's [[Gielgud Theatre]] she began a turn as [[Elizabeth II]] in the World Premiere of [[Peter Morgan]]'s ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |title=The Audience |website=Hit The Theatre.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232730/http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> The show was directed by [[Stephen Daldry]]. In April she was named best actress at the [[Olivier Awards]] for her role.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |title=Helen Mirren crowned queen of the stage |date=30 April 2013 |website=[[3 News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233730/http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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===Broadway debut===<br />
A further stage breakthrough came in 1994, in an [[Yvonne Arnaud Theatre]] production bound for the West End, when [[Bill Bryden]] cast her as Natalya Petrovna in [[Ivan Turgenev]]'s ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''. Her co-stars were [[John Hurt]] as her aimless lover Rakitin and [[Joseph Fiennes]] in only his second professional stage appearance as the cocksure young tutor Belyaev.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Month in the Country |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=4 March 1994 |newspaper=[[Richmond & Twickenham Times]] |quote=Instead of a bored Natalya fretting the summer away in dull frocks, Mirren, dazzlingly gowned, is a woman almost wilfully allowing her heart's desire for her son's young tutor to rule her head and wreak domestic havoc....Creamy shoulders bared, she feels free to launch into a gloriously enchanted, dreamily comic self-confession of love.}}</ref><br />
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Prior to 2015, Mirren had twice been nominated for Broadway's [[Tony Award]] for Best Actress in a Play: in 1995 for her Broadway debut in ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/26/theater/theater-review-turgenev-s-inquiry-into-calamitous-love.html |title=Theater Review; Turgenev's Inquiry Into Calamitous Love |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=26 April 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019 |quote=Miss Mirren's performance is bigger and more animated than the one she gave last year in an entirely different London production.}}</ref> and then again in 2002 for ''[[The Dance of Death (Strindberg)|The Dance of Death]]'', co-starring with Sir [[Ian McKellen]], their fraught rehearsal period coinciding with the terrorist attacks on New York on 11 September 2001.<ref name=autobiography/><br />
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On 7 June 2015‚ Mirren won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play‚ for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in ''The Audience'' (a performance which also won her the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best Actress). Her Tony Award win made her one of the few actors to achieve the US “[[Triple Crown of Acting#Helen Mirren|Triple Crown of Acting]]”, joining the ranks of acclaimed performers including [[Ingrid Bergman]]‚ Dame [[Maggie Smith]], and [[Al Pacino]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |work=Huffington Post |title=7 reasons to love Helen Mirren on her 70th birthday |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023072002/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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===National Theatre===<br />
In 1998, Mirren played [[Cleopatra]] to [[Alan Rickman]]'s [[Mark Antony|Antony]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]. The production received poor reviews; ''[[The Guardian]]'' called it "plodding spectacle rarely informed by powerful passion", while ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' said "the crucial sexual chemistry on which any great production ultimately depends is fatally absent".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=A case of hype and fall as Rickman and Mirren are put to the sword |last=Lister |first=David |date=23 October 1998 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2000 [[Nicholas Hytner]], who had worked with Mirren on the film version of ''[[The Madness of King George]]'', cast her as Lady Torrance in his revival of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[Orpheus Descending]]'' at the [[Donmar Warehouse]] in London. Michael Billington, reviewing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', described her performance as "an exemplary study of an immigrant woman who has acquired a patina of resilient toughness but who slowly acknowledges her sensuality."<ref>{{cite news |title=Southern discomfort |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/jun/29/artsfeatures4 |date=28 June 2000 |page=46 |access-date=1 March 2022 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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At the National Theatre in November 2003 she again won praise playing Christine Mannon ("defiantly cool, camp and skittish", ''[[Evening Standard]]''; "glows with mature sexual allure", ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'') in a revival of [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]'' directed by [[Howard Davies (Theatre Director)|Howard Davies]]. "This production was one of the best experiences of my professional life, The play was four and a half hours long, and I have never known that kind of response from an audience ... It was the serendipity of a beautifully cast play, with great design and direction, It will be hard to be in anything better."<ref name=autobiography/> She played the title role in [[Jean Racine]]'s ''[[Phèdre]]'' at the National in 2009, in a production directed by [[Nicholas Hytner]]. The production was also staged at the [[Epidaurus#Theatre|Epidaurus amphitheatre]] on 11 and 12 July 2009.<br />
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==Film career==<br />
Mirren has appeared in a large number of films throughout her career. Some of her earlier film appearances include roles in [[Herostratus (film)|Herostratus]] (1967) Dir. Don Levy, ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)|Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' (1968), ''[[Age of Consent (film)|Age of Consent]]'' (1969), ''[[O Lucky Man!]]'' (1973), ''[[Caligula (film)|Caligula]]'' (1979),<ref name="VF2015" /><ref name="peop_Hele" /> ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980)—co-starring with [[Bob Hoskins]] in what was her breakthrough film role,<ref name="BBC 2014">{{cite news| title=Dame Helen Mirren to receive Bafta fellowship| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-25911227| work=BBC News| date=27 January 2014| access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref> ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981), ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985), ''[[The Mosquito Coast (film)|The Mosquito Coast]]'' (1986), ''[[Pascali's Island (film)|Pascali's Island]]'' (1988) and ''[[When the Whales Came]]'' (1989). She appeared in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Some Mother's Son]]'' (1996), ''[[Painted Lady (mini series)|Painted Lady]]'' (1997) and ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="Mirren roles"/> In [[Peter Greenaway]]'s colorful ''[[The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover]]'', Mirren plays the wife opposite [[Michael Gambon]]. In ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), she plays sadistic history teacher Mrs Eve Tingle.<ref name="Mirren roles">{{cite news |title=All Helen Mirren's 61 movies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/02/all-helen-mirrens-61-movies-ranked |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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In 2007, she claimed that the director [[Michael Winner]] had treated her "like a piece of meat" at a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting call]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=David Cameron keeps his distance from film director Michael Winner |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=3 May 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=30 December 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Asked about the incident, Winner told ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I don't remember asking her to turn around but if I did I wasn't being serious. I was only doing what the [casting] agent asked me&nbsp;– and for this I get reviled! Helen's a lovely person, she's a great actress and I'm a huge fan, but her memory of that moment is a little flawed."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |title=Susan Sarandon, Gwyneth Paltrow, Charlize Theron & More Casting Couch Horror Stories |date=16 November 2012 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020104842/http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |archive-date=20 October 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren continued her successful film career when she starred in ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001) with [[Maggie Smith]] and ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003) with [[Julie Walters]]. Other more recent appearances include ''[[The Clearing (film)|The Clearing]]'' (2004), ''[[Pride (2004 film)|Pride]]'' (2004), ''[[Raising Helen]]'' (2004), and ''[[Shadowboxer]]'' (2005). Mirren also provided the voice for the supercomputer "[[Minor characters from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|Deep Thought]]" in the film adaptation of [[Douglas Adams]]'s ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' (2005). During her career, she has portrayed three British queens in different films and television series: [[Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 TV series)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), and [[Queen Charlotte|Charlotte]] in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994). She is the only actor to have portrayed both Queens Elizabeth on the screen.<ref name="BBC 2014"/><br />
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Mirren's title role of ''The Queen'' earned her numerous acting awards including a [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA]], a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Golden Globe]], and an [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Academy Award]], among many others. During her acceptance speech at the Academy Award ceremony, she praised and thanked Elizabeth II and stated that she had maintained her dignity and weathered many storms during her reign. Mirren later appeared in supporting roles in the films ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]'', ''[[Inkheart (film)|Inkheart]]'', ''[[State of Play (film)|State of Play]]'', and ''[[The Last Station]]'', for which she was nominated for an Oscar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |title=Nominees & Winners for the 82nd Academy Awards |date=24 August 2012 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411210003/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |archive-date=11 April 2010}}</ref><br />
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===2000–2009===<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren at the Orange British Academy Film Awards.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the [[60th British Academy Film Awards]] in 2007, where she won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]]]]<br />
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Mirren's first film of the 2000s was [[Joel Hershman]]'s ''[[Greenfingers]]'' (2000), a comedy based on the true story about the prisoners of [[Leyhill Prison|HMP Leyhill]], a minimum-security prison, who won gardening awards.<ref name="Deitz">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/garden/free-to-grow-bluebells-in-england.html |title=Free to Grow Bluebells in England |last=Deitz |first=Paula |date=16 July 1998 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=13 |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren portrayed a devoted plantswoman in the film, who coaches a team of prison gardeners, led by [[Clive Owen]], to victory at a prestigious flower show.<ref name="Ramsey">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/22/movies/film-never-too-tough-to-be-softened-up-by-a-flower.html |title=Film; Never Too Tough to Be Softened Up by a Flower |last=Ramsey |first=Nancy |page=22 |date=22 July 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> The project received lukewarm reviews, which suggested that it added "nothing new to this already saturated genre" of [[Britcom|British feel-good films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greenfingers/ |title=Greenfingers (2000) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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The same year, she began work on the mystery film ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'', [[Sean Penn]]'s third directorial effort, in which she played a child psychologist. A critical success,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1104203-pledge |title=The Pledge (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> the [[ensemble film]] tanked at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/entertainment/1332122.stm |title=US directors laud Cannes audiences |date=15 May 2001 |website=BBC News |access-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> Also that year, she filmed the American-Icelandic satirical drama ''[[No Such Thing (film)|No Such Thing]]'' opposite [[Sarah Polley]]. Directed by [[Hal Hartley]], Mirren portrayed a soulless television producer in the film, who strives for sensationalistic stories. It was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/no_such_thing/ |title=No Such Thing (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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Her biggest critical and commercial success, released in 2001, became [[Robert Altman]]'s all-star ensemble mystery film ''[[Gosford Park]]''. A [[homage (arts)|homage]] to writer [[Agatha Christie]]'s [[whodunit]] style, the story follows a party of wealthy Britons and an American, and their servants, who gather for a shooting weekend at an [[English country house]], resulting in an unexpected murder. It received multiple awards and nominations, including a second [[Academy Award]] nomination and first [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Screen Actors Guild Award]] win for Mirren's portrayal of the sternly devoted head servant Mrs. Wilson.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/gosford-park-big-winner-article-1.485902 |title='Gosford Park' Big Winner |first=Jack |last=Mathews |date=11 March 2002 |newspaper=New York Daily News |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Fred Schepisi]]'s dramedy film ''[[Last Orders (film)|Last Orders]]'' opposite [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]].<ref name="Mirren roles"/><br />
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In 2003, Mirren starred in [[Nigel Cole]]'s comedy ''[[Calendar Girls]]'', inspired by the true story of a group of [[Yorkshire]] women who produced a [[nude calendar]] to raise money for [[Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research|Leukaemia Research]] under the auspices of the [[Women's Institutes]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/12/23/earlyshow/leisure/main590034.shtml |title=Helen Mirren's ''Calendar Girls'' |first=Rome |last=Neal |date=24 December 2003 |website=[[CBS News]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> Mirren initially was reluctant to join the project, dismissing it as another middling British picture,<ref name="mc1">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504225925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo&feature=related| archive-date=2017-05-04|title=2009&nbsp;– Movie Connections&nbsp;– Calendar Girls (2/4) |author=[[Movie Connections]] |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> but rethought her decision upon learning of the casting of co-star [[Julie Walters]].<ref name="mc1"/> The film was generally well received by critics, and grossed $96 million worldwide.<ref name="bom">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=calendargirls.htm |title=Calendar Girls (2003) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, the picture earned [[Satellite Award|Satellite]], [[Golden Globe]], and [[European Film Award]] nominations for Mirren.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0337909/awards |title=Awards for ''Calendar Girls'' |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> Her other film that year was the [[Showtime Networks|Showtime]] television film ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' opposite [[Olivier Martinez]], and [[Anne Bancroft]], based on the 1950 novel of the same title by [[Tennessee Williams]].<br />
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===2010–2014===<br />
In 2010, Mirren appeared in five films. In ''[[Love Ranch]]'', directed by her husband [[Taylor Hackford]], she portrayed [[Joe Conforte|Sally Conforte]], one half of a married couple who opened the first legal [[brothel]] in the US, the [[Mustang Ranch]] in [[Storey County, Nevada]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/04/helen_mirrens_brothel_movie_to.html |title=Helen Mirren's Brothel Movie to Open |last=Brown |first=Lane |date=6 April 2010 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren starred in the principal role of [[Prospero|Prospera]], the duchess of [[Milan]], in [[Julie Taymor]]'s ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]''. This was based on the [[The Tempest|play of the same name]] by [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]; Taymor changed the original character's gender to cast Mirren as her lead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |title=Mirren 'to star in Tempest film' |date=8 October 2008 |website=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111152135/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |archive-date=11 January 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While the actor garnered strong reviews for her portrayal, the film itself was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tempest |title=The Tempest (2010) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren at the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
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Mirren played a gutsy tea-shop owner who tries to save one of her young employees from marrying a teenage killer in [[Rowan Joffé]]'s ''[[Brighton Rock (2010 film)|Brighton Rock]]'', a [[crime film]] loosely based on [[Graham Greene]]'s 1938 [[Brighton Rock (novel)|novel]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |title=Helen Mirren: Interview |first=Ben |last=Walters |date=2 June 2015 |magazine=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128223000/http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |archive-date=28 January 2016 }}</ref> The [[film noir]] [[Film premiere|premiered]] at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] in September 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |title=At TIFF: ''Brighton Rock'' Extends the Graham Greene Adaptation Curse |first=Michelle |last=Orange |date=13 September 2010 |website=[[Movieline]] |access-date=27 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916205701/http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |archive-date=16 September 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> where it received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/movies/brighton-rock-film-of-graham-greene-novel-review.html |title=A Meek Rose Amid the Mods and Rockers in an English Resort Town |first=Stephen |last=Holden |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=25 August 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=27 August 2011 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mirren's biggest critical and commercial success of the year was [[Robert Schwentke]]'s ensemble action comedy ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'', based on [[Warren Ellis]]’s graphic novel, in which she portrayed Victoria, an ex-[[MI6]] assassin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |title=Casting Notes: Alan Cumming in Burlesque; Mirren Does Espionage; Dempsey Steals Laughs; Weaver and Shawkat Hit Cedar Rapids |first=Russ |last=Fischer |date=4 November 2009 |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=19 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122185818/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |archive-date=22 January 2010 }}</ref> Mirren was initially hesitant to sign on due to film's graphic violence, but changed her mind upon learning of [[Bruce Willis]]' involvement.<ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |archive-date=10 December 2022 |title=Majestic Mirren |first=Emanuel |last=Levy |date=15 October 2010 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |location=London |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Released to positive reviews, it grossed $186.5 million worldwide.<ref name="mojo" >{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2010.htm |title=RED (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Also in 2010, the actor lent her voice to [[Zack Snyder]]'s computer-animated fantasy film ''[[Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole]]'', voicing [[antagonist]] Nyra, a leader of a group of owls. The film grossed $140.1 million on an $80 million budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=guardiansofgahoole.htm |title=Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=15 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's next film was the comedy film ''[[Arthur (2011 film)|Arthur]]'', a remake of the 1981 [[Arthur (1981 film)|film of the same name]], starring [[Russell Brand]] in the lead role. ''Arthur'' received generally negative reviews from critics, who declared it an "irritating, unnecessary remake."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/arthur_2011/ |title=Arthur (2011) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> In preparation for her role as a retired Israeli [[Mossad]] agent in the film ''[[The Debt (2011 film)|The Debt]]'', Mirren reportedly immersed herself in studies of Hebrew language, Jewish history, and [[Holocaust]] writing, including the life of [[Simon Wiesenthal]], while in Israel in 2009 for the filming of some of the movie's scenes. The film is a remake of a [[The Debt (2007 film)|2007 Israeli film of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/mirren-learning-hebrew-for-movie-role_1096343 |title=Mirren Learning Hebrew For Movie Role |date=27 February 2009 |website=[[ContactMusic.com]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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In 2012, Mirren played [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s wife [[Alma Reville]] in the 2012 biopic ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'', directed by [[Sacha Gervasi]] and based on [[Stephen Rebello]]'s non-fiction book ''[[Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho]]''. The film centres on the pair's relationship during the making of ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'', a controversial [[horror film]] that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker's career. It became a moderate arthouse success and garnered a lukewarm critical response from critics, who felt that it suffered from "tonal inconsistency and a lack of truly insightful retrospection."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/hitchcock |title=Hitchcock (2012) |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> Mirren was universally praised, however, with [[Roger Ebert]] noting that the film depended most on her portrayal, which he found to be "warm and effective."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=20 November 2012 |title=Hitchcock |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=21 November 2012 |archive-date=27 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127172340/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Her other film that year was ''[[The Door (2012 film)|The Door]]'', a claustrophobic drama film directed by [[István Szabó]], based on the Hungarian novel of the same name. Set at the height of [[communist]] rule in 1960s Hungary, the story of the adaptation centres on the abrasive influence that a mysterious housekeeper wields over her employer and successful novelist, played [[Martina Gedeck]]. Mirren found the role "difficult to play" and cited doing it as "one of the hardest things [she has] ever done."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/mirren-steps-through-a-new-door-20120718-22ahn.html |title=Mirren steps through a new door |first=Philippa |last=Hawker |date=19 July 2012 |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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[[File:HelenMirrenHWOFJan2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren receiving a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013]]<br />
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The following year, Mirren replaced [[Bette Midler]] in [[David Mamet]]'s biographical television film ''[[Phil Spector (film)|Phil Spector]]'' about [[Phil Spector|the American musician]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/22/phil-spector-s-jersey-girl-lawyer-meet-the-real-linda-kenney-baden.html |title=Phil Spector's Jersey Girl Lawyer: Meet the Real Linda Kenney Baden |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |date=22 March 2013 |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> The [[HBO]] film focuses on the relationship between Spector and his defense attorney Linda Kenney Baden, played by Mirren, during the first of his two [[Phil Spector#Murder conviction|murder trials for the death in 2003]] of [[Lana Clarkson]] in his California mansion. ''Spector'' received largely mixed to positive reviews from critics, particularly for Mirren and co-star [[Al Pacino]]'s performances, and was nominated for eleven [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, also winning Mirren a [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie|Screen Actors Guild Award]] at the [[20th Screen Actors Guild Awards|20th awards ceremony]]. The film drew criticism both from Clarkson's family and friends, who charged that the suicide defense was given more merit than it deserved, and from Spector's wife, who argued that Spector was portrayed as a "foul-mouthed megalomaniac" and a "minotaur".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2013/03/15/friends_of_lana_clarkson_protest_hbo_film_phil_spector/ |title=Friends of Lana Clarkson protest HBO film "Phil Spector" |last=Gupta |first=Prachi |date=15 March 2013 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref> Also in 2013, Mirren voiced the character of Dean Abigail Hardscrabble in [[Pixar]]'s computer-animated comedy film ''[[Monsters University]]'', which grossed $743 million against its estimated budget of $200 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monstersinc2.htm |title=Monsters University (2013) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=20 December 2013}}</ref> and reprised her role in the sequel film ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]''.<ref name="Mirren">{{cite web |url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |title=Helen Mirren Says She's Ready For 'Red' Sequel: 'Just Get Me The Script' |last=Warner |first=Kara |date=29 March 2011 |website=[[MTV News]] |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515150701/http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |archive-date=15 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The action comedy received a mixed reviews from film critics, who called it a "lackadaisical sequel",<ref name="TheWrap">{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/red-2-review-bruce-willis-sequel-dies-hard-lands-dull-thud-102681 |title='Red 2' Review: Bruce Willis Sequel Dies Hard, Lands With Dull Thud |last=Gilchrist |first=Todd |date=15 July 2013 |website=[[The Wrap]] |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref> but became another commercial success, making over $140 million worldwide.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=Red 2 (2013) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2.htm |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2014 was the comedy-drama ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' opposite the Indian actor [[Om Puri]]. Directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and produced by [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Oprah Winfrey]], the film is based on [[Richard C. Morais]]' 2010 novel [[The Hundred-Foot Journey|with the same name]] and tells the story of a feud between two adjacent restaurants in a French town. Mirren garnered largely positive reviews for her performance of a snobby restaurateur, a role which she accepted as she was keen to play a French character, reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."<ref name="collider1">{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/helen-mirren-hundred-foot-journey-trumbo-interview/ |title=Helen Mirren Talks 'The Hundred-Foot Journey', Working with Om Puri, What She Looks For in Choosing Projects, 'Trumbo', and More |last1=Roberts |first1=Sheila |date=31 July 2014 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The film earned her another [[Golden Globe]] nomination and became a modest commercial success, grossing $88.9 million worldwide.<ref name=BOM2>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=100foot.htm |title=The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref><br />
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===2015–present===<br />
[[File:The Leisure Seeker 06 (36402080733).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren attending the premiere of ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' at the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
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In 2015, Mirren reunited with her former assistant [[Simon Curtis (filmmaker)|Simon Curtis]] on ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'', co-starring [[Ryan Reynolds]].<ref name="collider1"/> The film was based on the true story of Jewish refugee [[Maria Altmann]], who, together with her young lawyer [[E. Randol Schoenberg|Randy Schoenberg]], fought the Austrian government to be reunited with [[Gustav Klimt]]'s painting of her aunt, the famous ''[[Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gustav-klimt-birthday-woman-in-gold_55a52d3de4b0a47ac15d61af |title=Gustav Klimt Painted Much More Than 'The Woman In Gold' |last1=Valentine |first1=Colin |date=14 July 2015 |website=[[HuffPost]] Arts & Culture |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics, although Mirren and Reynold's performances were widely praised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Woman in Gold (2015) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/woman_in_gold/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> A commercial success, ''Woman in Gold'' became one of the highest-grossing specialty films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/the-20-highest-grossing-indies-of-2015-a-running-list-1 |title=The 20 Highest Grossing Indies of 2015 (A Running List) |first=Kate |last=Erbland |date=29 December 2015 |website=Indiewire |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The same year, Mirren appeared in [[Gavin Hood]]'s thriller ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), in which she played as a military intelligence officer who leads a secret [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone]] mission to capture a terrorist group living in [[Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/aaron-paul-helen-mirren-join-colin-firth-in-thriller-eye-in-the-sky/ |title=Aaron Paul, Helen Mirren Join Colin Firth in Thriller 'Eye in the Sky' |last1=Sneider |first1=Jeff |date=16 May 2014 |website=The Wrap |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Jay Roach]]'s biographical drama ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'', co-starring [[Bryan Cranston]] and [[Diane Lane]]. The actor played [[Hedda Hopper]], the famous actor and [[gossip columnist]], in the film, which received generally positive reviews from critics and garnered her a 14th Golden Globe nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/trumbo/ |title=Trumbo (2015) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2016 was ''[[Collateral Beauty]]'', directed by [[David Frankel]]. Co-Starring [[Will Smith]], [[Keira Knightley]], and [[Kate Winslet]], the ensemble drama follows a man who copes with his daughter's death by writing letters to [[time]], [[death]], and [[love]]. The film earned largely negative reviews from critics, who called it "well-meaning but fundamentally flawed."<ref name="reviews">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/will-smith-collateral-beauty-lowest-box-office-opening-rotten-tomatoes-1201873153/ |title=How Critics' "Schoolyard Assault" On 'Collateral Beauty' Turned Ugly For Will Smith Pic |first=Anthony |last= D'Alessandro |date=18 December 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=reviews2>{{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/12/13/collateral-beauty-reviews-roundup/ |title=Collateral Beauty reviews: Will Smith movie slammed by critics |first=Danielle |last=Jackson |date=13 December 2016 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Mirren narrated ''[[Cries from Syria]]'', a [[documentary film]] about the [[Syrian Civil War]], directed by [[Evgeny Afineevsky]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/markets-festivals/hbo-cries-from-syria-1201957096/ |title=HBO Nabs 'Cries From Syria' Documentary Ahead of Sundance |first=Brent |last=Lang |date=10 January 2017 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> Also that year, she made an uncredited [[cameo appearance]] in [[F. Gary Gray]]'s ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'', the eighth instalment in the [[The Fast and the Furious |''Fast & Furious'']] franchise, playing Magdalene, the mother of Owen and [[Deckard Shaw]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1635570/how-helen-mirren-ended-up-in-the-fate-of-the-furious-according-to-vin-diesel |title=How Helen Mirren Ended Up In The Fate Of The Furious, According To Vin Diesel |first=Gregory |last=Wakeman |date=14 March 2017 |website=CinemaBlend |access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> Mirren had a larger role in director [[Paolo Virzì]]'s English-language debut ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'', based on the [[The Leisure Seeker (novel)|2009 novel of the same name]]. On set, she was reunited with [[Donald Sutherland]] with whom she had not worked again since ''[[Bethune: The Making of a Hero]]'' (1990),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/cannes-helen-mirren-and-donald-sutherland-to-topline-paolo-virzis-the-leisure-seeker-exclusive-1201772430/ |title=Cannes: Helen Mirren and Donald Sutherland to Topline Paolo Virzì's 'The Leisure Seeker' |first1=Nick |last1=Vivarelli |first2=Elsa |last2=Keslassy |date=12 May 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> portraying a terminally ill couple who escape from their retirement home and take one last cross-country adventure in a vintage van.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-donald-sutherland-team-up-for-the-leisure-seeker-cannes-1201754273/ |title=Helen Mirren & Donald Sutherland Team For 'The Leisure Seeker' – Cannes |first=Ali |last=Jaafar |date=12 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> At the [[75th Golden Globe Awards|75th awards ceremony]], Mirren received her 15th [[Golden Globe]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List |first=Rebecca |last=Rubin |date=11 December 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref><br />
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In 2018, Mirren portrayed heiress [[Sarah Winchester]] in the supernatural horror film ''[[Winchester (film)|Winchester]]'', directed by [[The Spierig Brothers]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-takes-aim-at-playing-firearm-heiress-in-hot-cannes-package-winchester-1201755962/ |title=Helen Mirren Takes Aim At Playing Firearm Heiress In Hot Cannes Package 'Winchester' |first=Mike Jr. |last=Fleming |date=14 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref> In the same year, she starred as Mother Ginger in Disney's adaptation of ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', titled ''[[The Nutcracker and the Four Realms]]'', directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and [[Joe Johnston]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/helen-mirren-nutcracker-disney-1201844942/ |title=Helen Mirren Joins Disney's 'The Nutcracker' |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=25 August 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> In 2019, she appeared in the ensemble film ''[[Berlin, I Love You]]'', the French crime thriller film ''[[Anna (2019 feature film)|Anna]]'', directed and written by [[Luc Besson]], and co-starred in the ''Fast and the Furious'' spin-off ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]''.<ref name="Oct2017V">{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/luc-besson-anna-helen-mirren-luke-evans-1202584144/ |title=Luc Besson Sets Next Film 'Anna' With Helen Mirren, Luke Evans |first1=Elsa |last1=Keslassy |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |date=9 October 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> In March 2021, she was cast as the villain Hespera in the upcoming superhero film ''[[Shazam! Fury of the Gods]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=March 23, 2021 |title='Shazam: Fury Of The Gods': Helen Mirren To Play Villain Hespera In Sequel |url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323221810/https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |archive-date=March 23, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2021 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref><br />
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Mirren is set to portray [[Golda Meir]], prime minister of Israel 1969–1974, in a [[biopic]] entitled ''[[Golda (film)|Golda]]''. As of April 2021, the film was in production.<ref>{{cite news| title=Helen Mirren to Play Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir in Biopic Set During Yom Kippur War| url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2021/04/06/helen-mirren-to-play-israeli-prime-minister-golda-meir-in-biopic-set-during-yom-kippur-war/| access-date=2022-03-01| newspaper=[[Algemeiner Journal]]| location=New York| first=Shiryn| last=Ghermezian| date=6 April 2021| language=en-US}}</ref> She also appeared in the 2022 music video for Kendrick Lamar's "Count Me Out" as a therapist.<ref>{{Citation |title=Kendrick Lamar - Count Me Out |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GhhVHpPR_M |language=en |access-date=2022-12-22}}</ref><br />
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==Television career==<br />
=== ''Prime Suspect'' ===<br />
Mirren is known for her role as detective Jane Tennison in the widely viewed ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', a multiple award-winning television drama series that was noted for its high quality and popularity. Her portrayal of Tennison won her [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] between 1992 and 1994 (making her one of four actors to have received three consecutive [[BAFTA TV Awards]] for a role, alongside [[Robbie Coltrane]], [[Julie Walters]] and [[Michael Gambon]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/dame-helen-mirren-10-things-202365 |title=Dame Helen Mirren: 10 things you need to know about the Oscar nominated actress |date=18 February 2010 |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |location=London |access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> Primarily due to ''Prime Suspect'', in 2006 Mirren came 29th on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]’s poll of [[TV's 50 Greatest Stars]] voted by the British public.<ref name="Poll">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5142726.stm| title=ITV to salute '50 greatest stars'| date=3 July 2006| work=[[BBC News]]| access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><br />
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=== Other roles ===<br />
Mirren's other television performances include ''[[Cousin Bette]]'' (1971); ''[[BBC Television Shakespeare|As You Like It]]'' (1979); ''[[Blue Remembered Hills]]'' (1979); ''[[The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' episode "[[Dead Woman's Shoes (The Twilight Zone)|Dead Woman's Shoes]]" (1985); ''[[The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)|The Passion of Ayn Rand]]'' (1999), where her performance won her an [[Emmy]]; ''[[Door to Door (film)|Door to Door]]'' (2002); and ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' (2003). In 1976, she appeared with [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Alan Bates]] and [[Malcolm McDowell]] in a production of [[Harold Pinter]]'s ''[[The Collection (play)|The Collection]]'' as part of the ''[[Laurence Olivier Presents]]'' series. She also played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in 2005, in the television serial ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'', for [[Channel 4]] and [[HBO]], for which she received an [[Emmy Award]] and a [[Golden Globe Award]]. Mirren won another Emmy Award on 16 September 2007 for her role in ''[[Prime Suspect|Prime Suspect: The Final Act]]'' on PBS in the same category as in 2006. Mirren hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' on 9 April 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://watching-tv.ew.com/2011/04/10/saturday-night-live-helen-mirren-foo-fighters/ |title='Saturday Night Live' recap: Helen Mirren transcended a laugh-lite 'SNL' |last=Tucker |first=Ken |date=10 April 2011 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> In 2022, she portrayed Cara Dutton in the ''[[Yellowstone (American TV series)|Yellowstone]]'' spinoff ''[[1923 (TV series)|1923]]'', which also featured [[Harrison Ford]] and [[Timothy Dalton]].<br />
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==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren figure at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|upright|Waxwork of Mirren at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]<br />
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Mirren lived with Northern Irish actor [[Liam Neeson]] during the early 1980s; they met while working on ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981). When interviewed by [[James Lipton]] for ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]'', Neeson said Mirren was instrumental in his getting an agent.<br />
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Mirren began dating American director [[Taylor Hackford]] in 1986. They were married on 31 December 1997 at the [[Ardersier]] Parish Church near [[Inverness]] in the [[Scottish Highlands]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Dame Helen Mirren fights sewage plant plan in quiet fishing village where she got married |date=30 May 2016 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 January 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> They met on the set of ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985). It is her first marriage and his third (he has two children from his previous marriages). She has no children, stating she has "no maternal instinct whatsoever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/mirren%20i%20have%20no%20maternal%20instinct_1023284 |title=Mirren: 'I Have No Maternal Instinct' |date=26 February 2007 |website=Contactmusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's autobiography, ''In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures'', was published in the UK by [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] in September 2007. Reviewing for ''[[The Stage]]'', John Thaxter wrote: "Sumptuously illustrated, at first sight it looks like another of those photo albums of the stars. But between the pictures there are almost 200 pages of densely printed text, an unusually frank story of her private and professional life, mainly in the theatre, the words clearly Mirren's own, delivered with forthright candour."<ref>{{cite news |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=1 November 2007 |newspaper=The Stage}}</ref><br />
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In 1990, Mirren said in an interview that she was an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sunday Review Pages: Helen Mirren interview |last=Garfield |first=Simon |date=25 November 1990 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |page=27 |quote=Sometimes I feel like a farmer during a war, someone who doesn't know very much about it and carries on digging, hoping for rain. But just the last few days I've had this terrible feeling of... doom. It's a, er, [[Bible|biblical]], kind of [[Old Testament]] feeling. I'm an atheist, but I was suddenly thinking of those stories of the flood and punishment. Because we've become unbelievably greedy and destructive.}}</ref> In the August 2011 issue of ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', she said, "I am quite spiritual. I believed in fairies when I was a child. I still do sort of believe in the fairies. And the leprechauns. But I don't believe in God."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/helen-mirren-quotes-0811 |title=Helen Mirren: What I've Learned |last=Fussman |first=Cal |date=7 July 2011 |magazine=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |access-date=8 January 2013}}</ref><br />
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In a 2008 interview with ''[[GQ]]'', Mirren revealed she was [[date rape]]d as a student, and had often taken [[cocaine]] at parties in her twenties and until the 1980s.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/09/01/helen.mirren.rape/index.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren in date-rape revelation |date=1 September 2008 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref><ref name=indie>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Mirren talks of her date-rapes, then provokes furore with views on sex attackers |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |date=1 September 2008 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref> She stopped using it after reading that [[Klaus Barbie]] made a living from cocaine dealing.<ref name=cnn/><ref name=indie/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7591142.stm |title=Dame Helen in cocaine admission |date=1 September 2008 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901101327/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2008 |title='The Queen' actress Dame Helen Mirren reveals former love of cocaine |last=Simpson |first=Aislinn |date=31 August 2008 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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On 11 May 2010, Mirren attended the unveiling of her waxwork at [[Madame Tussauds]] in London. In 2012, she was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]] to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork—The Beatles' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' album cover—to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admired.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited |title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday |first=Caroline |last=Davies |date=2 April 2012 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026 |title=Sir Peter Blake's new Beatles' Sgt Pepper's album cover |date=2 April 2012 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2010, she was named Sexiest Woman Alive by ''Esquire'', and in a 2011 photo shoot for the magazine, she stripped down and covered up with the [[Union Jack]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Helen Mirren shows off her patriotism in Esquire photo shoot |date=15 July 2011 |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/helen-mirren-shows-off-her-patriotism-in-esquire-photo-shoot.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAL-vIbYr3zdTdvehdRUc0lnYjJRXjrH4_m5WPohtumjKkQF5ZjHQLJtDu-wBH128akA-SIGhwuqIxJGGVah71ko93k0SrMjCBGWYNe6o4pAX1bMxdQKNuPUDWP0gRMadkT21jNy7mPWtoRB9gY_JEBadANEeCY_pMxeHk9kSdO2G |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref><br />
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In 2013, Mirren was announced as one of several new models for [[Marks & Spencer]]'s "Womanism" campaign. Subtitled "Britain's leading ladies", the campaign featured Mirren alongside British women from various fields, including pop singer [[Ellie Goulding]], double Olympic gold medal-winning boxer [[Nicola Adams]], and writer [[Monica Ali]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/aug/19/marks-spencer-new-ad-annie-leibowitz |title=Marks & Spencer's new ad: what does it mean? |first=Lauren |last=Cochrane |date=19 August 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In March 2013, ''The Guardian'' listed Mirren as one of the 50 Best-Dressed Over 50.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s |title=The 50 best-dressed over 50s |first=Jess |last=Cartner-Morley |date=29 March 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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She told the ''[[Radio Times]]'', "I'm a [[naturism|naturist]] at heart. I love being on beaches where everyone is naked. Ugly people, beautiful people, old people, whatever. It's so unisexual and so liberating."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-09-19/celebrity-nudists-the-stars-who-like-to-let-it-all-hang-out |title=Celebrity nudists: the stars who like to let it all hang out |date=19 September 2014 |magazine=Radio Times |location=London |access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref> In 2004, she was named Naturist of the Year by [[British Naturism]]. She said: "Many thanks to British Naturism for this great honour. I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!"<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |title=Dame Helen Mirren named 'Naturist of the Year' |date=8 January 2012 |publisher=British Naturism |access-date=26 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004094251/http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |archive-date=4 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
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In 2006, Mirren stated that she was never a member of any [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|political party]].<ref name="independent"/> Mirren became a [[U.S. citizen]] in 2017 and voted in her first U.S. election in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/oscar-winner-tahoe-resident-helen-mirren-casts-1st-american-vote |title=Oscar winner, Tahoe resident Helen Mirren casts 1st American vote| date=15 October 2020 |newspaper=Tahoe Daily Tribune |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |newspaper=[[Record-Courier (Nevada)|The Record-Courier]] |location=[[Gardnerville, Nevada]] |title='The Queen' casts her ballot in Minden |date=17 October 2020 |last=Hildebrand |first=Kurt |access-date=18 October 2020 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116061403/https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She supported Patricia Ackerman in her campaign against [[Mark Amodei]] in {{ushr|NV|2}}.<ref name="democrat"/><br />
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In April 2021, she took part in the [[music video]] "La Vacinada" (meaning ''the vaccinated woman'' in broken [[Spanish language]]) of Italian comedian and singer [[Checco Zalone]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/checco-zalone-pokes-fun-at-helen-mirrens-age-in-viral-video-9xgd0q99d| title=Checco Zalone pokes fun at Helen Mirren's age in viral video| newspaper=The Times| location=London| date=1 May 2021| access-date=2 May 2021| url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
In the song and video, Zalone jokes about the fact that, in times of [[Covid-19 pandemic]], it is safer to have an [[affair]] with someone who has already been [[vaccinated]] against the [[virus]], and as [[the elderly]] get vaccinated first, an older partner (played by Mirren in the video) is now the best choice.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='The Telegraph' recap: Helen Mirren joins Italy's best known comic in light-hearted sketch to promote Covid-19 vaccine |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=30 April 2021 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph | location=London |access-date=30 April 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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== Acting credits ==<br />
{{main|Helen Mirren on screen and stage}}<br />
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==Awards and honours==<br />
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren}}<br />
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Among her major competitive awards, Mirren has won one [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]], four [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA Awards]], three [[Golden Globe Awards]], five [[Emmy Awards]], and one [[Tony Awards|Tony Award]]. Her numerous honorary awards include the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] and Gala Tribute presented by the [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]].<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/45th-chaplin-award-gala-will-honor-helen-mirren/ |title=45th Chaplin Award Gala Will Honor Helen Mirren |website=Film Society of Lincoln Center |date=14 October 2017 |access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref><br />
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In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]] in December.<ref name="Damehood"/><ref name="Ceremony"/> In January 2009, Mirren was named on ''[[The Times]]''' list of the top 10 British actresses of all time. The list included [[Julie Andrews]], [[Helena Bonham Carter]], [[Judi Dench]] and [[Audrey Hepburn]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5502980.ece |title=The best British film actresses of all time |date=12 January 2009 |newspaper=The Times |location=London | first=James | last=Christopher | access-date=27 May 2020 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Mirren| first=Helen| title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BoEtOA98XQAC| publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]| year=2011| isbn=978-1-4165-7341-8}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of British actors]]<br />
*[[List of British Academy Award nominees and winners]]<br />
*[[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]<br />
*[[List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="VF2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/11/helen-mirren-nude-scene |title=Helen Mirren Reveals The One Nude Scene She Didn't Mind Filming |last=Miller |first=Julie |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<ref name="peop_Hele">{{cite web |url=http://www.people.com/article/helen-mirren-talks-nude-scenes |title=Helen Mirren Reveals Her Favorite Nude Scenes Were for Caligula: 'Everyone Was Naked' |last=McNiece |first=Mia |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=People |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Ward| first=Philip| date=October 25, 2019| title=Becoming Helen Mirren| publisher=Troubador Press| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=becoming+helen+mirren| access-date=March 1, 2022}} A survey of the actor's early career.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{sister project links|b=no|commons=Category:Helen Mirren|d=Q349391|n=no|q=Helen Mirren|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|545}}<br />
* {{IBDB name|53256}}<br />
* {{Playbill person|helen-mirren-vault-0000099983}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|260}}<br />
* {{WorldCat id|lccn-n87-927316}}<br />
* {{NYTtopic|people/m/helen_mirren}}<br />
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{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Awards for Helen Mirren]]<br />
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{{AcademyAwardBestActress 2001-2020}}<br />
{{AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Grownup Love Story}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actress 2000-2019}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{British Academy Television Award for Best Actress 1980-1999}}<br />
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards}}<br />
{{Prix d'interprétation féminine 1980–1999}}<br />
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{DramaDesk PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActress 1976-2000}}<br />
{{European Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{European Film Academy Achievement in World Cinema Award}}<br />
{{Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Lincoln Center Gala Tribute}}<br />
{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureDrama 2001-2020}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressTVMiniseriesFilm}}<br />
{{GoldenOrangeHonoraryAward}}<br />
{{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}}<br />
{{Honorary Golden Bear}}<br />
{{OlivierAward PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress 2001-present}}<br />
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{RTS Programme Award for Best Performance by a Female Actor}}<br />
{{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Motion Picture}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Television Miniseries or Film}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Supporting Actress Series Miniseries or Television Film}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleLeadMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleSupportMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleTVMiniseriesMovie}}<br />
{{Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award}}<br />
{{Stanislavsky Award}}<br />
{{St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{TonyAward PlayLeadActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{TFCA Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Volpi Cup for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
{{British Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirren, Helen}}<br />
[[Category:1945 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses awarded damehoods]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Essex]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Middlesex University]]<br />
[[Category:Audiobook narrators]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award (television) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actress Golden Globe winners]]<br />
[[Category:British naturists]]<br />
[[Category:Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:American atheists]]<br />
[[Category:American film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:American stage actresses]]<br />
[[Category:American television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:American people of English descent]]<br />
[[Category:American people of Russian descent]]<br />
[[Category:English atheists]]<br />
[[Category:English film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Russian descent]]<br />
[[Category:English radio actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English Shakespearean actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English stage actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English voice actresses]]<br />
[[Category:European Film Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:Golden Orange Honorary Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Honorary Golden Bear recipients]]<br />
[[Category:Laurence Olivier Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:National Youth Theatre members]]<br />
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:People from Hammersmith]]<br />
[[Category:People from Westcliff-on-Sea]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]]<br />
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century American actresses]]<br />
[[Category:American naturists]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Mirren&diff=1144369734Helen Mirren2023-03-13T11:19:51Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1144361403 by 31.125.23.7 (talk) Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men</p>
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<div>{{short description|English actor (born 1945)}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Dame]]<br />
| name = Helen Mirren<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}}<br />
| image = Helen Mirren-2208 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Mirren in 2020<br />
| alt = Mirren at the 2020 Berlin International Film Festival<br />
| birth_name = Helen Lydia Mironoff<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1945|7|26}}<br />
| birth_place = London, England<!--No boroughs/neighbourhoods, just cities per format.--><br />
| citizenship = {{hlist|United Kingdom|United States}}<br />
| occupation = Actor<!-- READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR and it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --><br />
| years_active = 1965–present<br />
| party = {{nowrap|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (2020–present)<ref name="democrat">{{cite web |last1=Jackson |first1=Hugh |title=Helen Mirren for governor |url=https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |publisher=Nevada Current |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022204617/https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |archive-date=22 October 2020 |date=22 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|United States affiliation}}}}<br />
| otherparty = [[Independent voter|Independent]]<ref name="independent">{{cite web |title=Helen Mirren: Her crowning achievement |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |work=The Independent |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708131908/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |archive-date=8 July 2022 |date=18 August 2006 |quote="I've never been a member of Labour, or any political party for that matter, but in 1997 I wanted to get rid of the Conservatives; wanted to get rid of that appalling lot." |url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|United Kingdom affiliation}}<br />
| works = [[Helen Mirren on screen and stage|Full list]]<br />
| partner = [[Liam Neeson]] (1980–1985)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/movies/helen-mirren-says-she-and-ex-liam-neeson-loved-each-other-but-were-not-meant-to-be-together/|title=Helen Mirren Says She and Ex Liam Neeson 'Loved Each Other' But 'Were Not Meant to Be Together'|date=2022-11-22|access-date=2023-01-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/movies/liam-neeson-helen-mirren-talk-past-relationship/|title=Liam Neeson Recalls First Falling for Former Flame Helen Mirren: 'I Was Smitten'|date=2018-01-19|access-date=2023-01-28}}</ref><br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Taylor Hackford]]|31 December 1997}}<br />
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Simon Mirren]] (nephew)|[[Tania Mallet]] (cousin)|[[Rio Hackford]] (stepson)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/rio-hackford-dead-mandalorian-1235233527/|title=Rio Hackford, Club Owner and Actor, Dies at 52|first=Pat|last=Saperstein|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=15 April 2022|access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>}}<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Full list]]<br />
| website = {{URL|helenmirren.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dame Helen Mirren''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} (born '''Helen Lydia Mironoff'''; born 26 July 1945) is an English<!--as per [[MOS:BIO]]; became notable as English and not British-American--> actor.<!--PLEASE READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --> The recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|numerous accolades]], she is the only performer to have achieved the [[Triple Crown of Acting]] in both the United States and [[Triple Crown (UK entertainment)|the United Kingdom]]. She received an [[Academy Award]] and a [[British Academy Film Award]] for her portrayal of [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'', a [[Tony Award]] and a [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for the same role in ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]'', three [[British Academy Television Awards]] for her performance as DCI Jane Tennison in ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]] and a [[Children's and Family Emmy Award]].<br />
<br />
Mirren's stage performance as [[Cleopatra]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[National Youth Theatre]] in 1965 provided her an opportunity to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]], before making her [[West End theatre|West End]] stage debut in 1975. She subsequently went on to achieve success in film and television, appearing in films such as ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001), and ''[[The Last Station]]'' (2009), receiving Academy Award nominations for each of those performances. For her role on ''Prime Suspect'', which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] (1992, 1993 and 1994)—a record of consecutive wins shared with Dame [[Julie Walters]]—and two [[Primetime Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/helen-mirren |title=Helen Mirren |website=[[Emmy Award]] |access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> She played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 TV series)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), and [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in the film ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006); she is the only actor to have portrayed both of the regnant Elizabeths on screen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Helen Mirren, at 75, remains the queen of acting |url=https://www.dw.com/en/why-helen-mirren-at-75-remains-the-queen-of-acting/a-52429296 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
After her breakthrough role in ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980), Mirren appeared in a variety of other films including ''[[Cal (1984 film)|Cal]]'' (1984), for which she won the [[Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress]], ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover]]'' (1989), ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003), ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]'' (2010), ''[[The Debt (2010 film)|The Debt]]'' (2010), ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'' (2012), ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' (2014), ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'' (2015), ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'' (2015), and ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' (2017). She has also appeared in several action films such as ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'' (2010) and its sequel ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]'' (2013), as well as in the ''[[Fast & Furious]]'' film franchise ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'' (2017), ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]'' (2019), and ''[[F9 (film)|F9]]'' (2021).<br />
<br />
In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref name="Damehood">{{London Gazette|issue=56963|supp=y|page=7 |date=14 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Ceremony">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |title=Dame Helen centre stage at palace |date=5 December 2003 |website=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725070213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |archive-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> <br />
She's received numerous honours including a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013,<ref name="Walk of fame">{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |title=Helen Mirren Gets Hollywood Walk of Fame Star |date=4 January 2013 |website=[[Sky News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116224406/http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement in 2014,<ref name="bafta.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/helen-mirren-fellowship-2014,4076,BA.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren&nbsp;– BAFTA Fellow in 2014 |date=26 January 2014 |website=BAFTA |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> and [[Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award]] in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grater |first1=Tom |title=Helen Mirren To Receive SAG Life Achievement Award |url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/helen-mirren-sag-life-achievement-award-1234876685/ |website=Deadline |date=18 November 2021 |access-date=November 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
<!-- Although it is common to have an 'a' at the end of a woman's patronymic, when Russian families moved to the UK, they often "froze" their surnames and didn't follow the old patronymic rules any more. The same applies to other nationalities like Icelandic and those from Nordic countries. Had she been born in Russia, Helen Mirren likely would have been named Yelena or Ilyena Vasilyeva Mironova. But she was born in the UK and was named Helen Lydia Mironoff --><br />
Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff on 26 July 1945<ref name="biography.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/helen-mirren-547434 |title=Helen Mirren Biography: Actress (1945–) |website=[[Biography.com]] |publisher=[[FYI (TV network)|FYI]]/[[A&E Networks]] |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=ker>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002fa_fact1 |title=Command Performance: The reign of Helen Mirren |last=Lahr |first=John |date=2 October 2006 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=24 October 2010}}</ref> at [[Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital]] in the [[Hammersmith]] district of London,<ref name=birth>{{cite web |url=http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=bmd%2fb%2f1945%2f3%2faz%2f000858%2f014 |title=England & Wales births 1837–2006 Transcription |website=[[Findmypast]] |access-date=6 June 2016 |quote=Her birth was registered in the Hammersmith registration district |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='Whenever I see the Queen, I think, "Oh ... there I am"': The right royal progress of Helen Mirren |first=Neil |last=Norman |date=10 March 2013 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> to an English mother and Russian father.<ref name=nationsmemory>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |title=Helen Mirren |website=Nation's Memorybank |access-date=5 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207044313/http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref> Her mother, Kathleen "Kitty" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (née Rogers; 1908–1996), was a working-class woman from [[West Ham]], the thirteenth of fourteen children born to a butcher whose own father was the butcher to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name=nationsmemory/>{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=34}} Mirren's father, Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913–1980), was a member of an exiled family of the [[Russian nobility]]; he was taken to England when he was two by his father, Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov.<ref name=nationsmemory/> Pyotr Mironov, who owned a family estate near Gzhatsk (now [[Gagarin, Smolensk Oblast|Gagarin]]), was part of the Russian aristocracy. His mother, Mirren's great-grandmother, was Countess Lydia Andreevna Kamenskaya, an aristocrat and a descendant of [[Mikhail Kamensky|Count Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky]], a prominent Russian general in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=ker/><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/news/tn-vsl-xpm-2006-09-28-lap-queen0921-story.html| title=Behind the Scene:God Save The Queen| date=28 September 2006| newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Susan E.| last=James}}</ref> Pyotr Mironov served as a colonel in the [[Imperial Russian Army]] and fought in the 1904 [[Russo-Japanese War]]. He became a diplomat and was negotiating an arms deal in Britain when he and his family were stranded by the [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917.<ref name="NYTJacobs">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212214734/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-date=12 February 2020| url-status=bot: unknown| title=Helen Mirren Plays Catherine II in the Years That Made Her 'the Great'| date=21 October 2019| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Julia| last=Jacobs| url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222071030/http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-date=22 February 2019 |title=Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov Collection: The Russian Government Committee in London (1914–1939) |date=11 September 2009 |website=University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies Library |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> He settled in England and became a London cab driver to support his family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/helen-mirrens-in-the-prime-of-life-7239430.html |title=Helen Mirren's in the prime of life |date=13 July 2017 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Vasily Mironoff also played the viola with the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] before [[World War II]].<ref name=nationsmemory/> He was an ambulance driver during the war, and served in the [[East End of London]] during [[the Blitz]].{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=22}} He and Kathleen Rogers married in Hammersmith in 1938, and at some point before 1951 he anglicised his first name to Basil.<ref name=Gazette/> Shortly after Helen's birth, her father left the orchestra and returned to driving a cab to support the family. He later worked as a driving-test examiner, then became a civil servant with the [[Department for Transport|Ministry of Transport]].<ref name="biography.com"/><ref name=nationsmemory/> In 1951, he changed the family name to Mirren by [[deed poll]].<ref name=Gazette>{{London Gazette |date=12 October 1951 |issue=39356 |page= 5331 |supp=y}}</ref> Mirren considers her upbringing to have been "very anti-monarchist".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |title=Helen Mirren, British Royal Tea? |first=Natalie |last=Finn |date=26 February 2007 |website=[[E! News]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012090005/http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |archive-date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> She was the second of three children; she has an older sister Katherine ("Kate"; born 1942) and had a younger brother Peter Basil (1947–2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/189510/helen-mirren-fondly-remembers-late-costar-alan-rickman |title=Helen Mirren fondly remembers late costar Alan Rickman |last=Nepales |first=Ruben V. |date=7 February 2016 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |location=Manila |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Her paternal cousin was [[Tania Mallet]], a model and [[Bond girl]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47772012 |title=Goldfinger actress dies aged 77 |date=1 April 2019 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Mirren was brought up in [[Leigh-on-Sea]], Essex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Helen Mirren interview |last=Piccalo |first=Gina |date=7 February 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=6 November 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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Mirren attended Hamlet Court primary school in [[Westcliff-on-Sea]], where she had the lead role in a school production of ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]'',{{sfn|Mirren|2011|pp=47–48}}<ref name=autobiography>{{cite book |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |first=Helen |last=Mirren |date=25 March 2008 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |isbn=978-1-41656-760-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/inframemylifeinw0000mirr }}</ref> and [[St Bernard's High School for Girls]] in [[Southend-on-Sea]], where she also acted in school productions. She subsequently attended a teaching college, the [[Middlesex University|New College of Speech and Drama]] in London, "housed within [[Anna Pavlova]]'s old home, Ivy House" on North End Road. At the age of eighteen, she passed the audition for the [[National Youth Theatre]] (NYT); and at twenty, she played [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra]] in the NYT production of ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Old Vic]], a role which she says "launched my career" and led to her signing with agent [[Albert Parker (director)|Al Parker]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Fame Academy: Where Daniel Craig, Helen Mirren and Colin Firth learned to act |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=22 April 2020 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Waterman |first=Ivan |date=2003 |title=Helen Mirren: The Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Metro Books |pages=[https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 18–22, 26–29] |isbn=1843580535 }}</ref><br />
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==Theatre career==<br />
===Early years===<br />
As a result of her work for the National Youth Theatre, Mirren was invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (RSC). While with the RSC, she played Castiza in [[Trevor Nunn]]'s 1966 staging of ''[[The Revenger's Tragedy]]'', Diana in ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (1967), Cressida in ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'' (1968), Rosalind<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |title=Helen Mirren – Biography |website=[[TalkTalk Group|TalkTalk]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233618/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> in ''[[As You Like It]]'' (1968), Julia in ''[[The Two Gentlemen of Verona]]'' (1970), Tatiana in [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]]'s ''Enemies'' at the [[Aldwych Theatre|Aldwych]] (1971), and the title role in ''[[Miss Julie]]'' at [[The Other Place (theatre)|The Other Place]] (1971). She also appeared in four productions, directed by [[Braham Murray]] for Century Theatre at the University Theatre in Manchester, between 1965 and 1967.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Braham |author-link=Braham Murray |year=2007 |title=The Worst It Can Be Is a Disaster |location=London |publisher=Methuen Drama |isbn=978-0-7136-8490-2}}</ref><br />
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In 1970, the director and producer [[John Goldschmidt]] made a documentary film, ''Doing Her Own Thing'', about Mirren during her time with the Royal Shakespeare Company. Made for [[Associated TeleVision|ATV]], it was shown on the ITV network in the UK. In 1972 and 1973, Mirren worked with [[Peter Brook]]'s International Centre for Theatre Research and joined the group's tour in North Africa and the US, during which they created ''[[The Conference of the Birds]]''. She then rejoined the RSC, playing [[Lady Macbeth]] at [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre|Stratford]] in 1974 and at the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in 1975.<br />
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[[Sally Beauman]] reported, in her 1982 history of the RSC, that Mirren—while appearing in Nunn's ''Macbeth'' (1974), and in a letter to ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper—had sharply criticised both the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and the RSC for their lavish production expenditure, declaring it "unnecessary and destructive to the art of the Theatre", and adding, "The realms of truth, emotion and imagination reached for in acting a great play have become more and more remote, often totally unreachable across an abyss of costume and technicalities..." This started a big debate, and led to a question in parliament. There were no discernible repercussions for this rebuke of the RSC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/jul/23/helen-mirren-at-75-michael-billington |title=Helen Mirren at 75: wild costumes, blazing performances – and a spell as a rock banshee |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |first=Michael |last=Billington |date=23 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beauman |first=Sally |author-link=Sally Beauman |date=1982 |title=The Royal Shakespeare Company: A History of Ten Decades |url=https://archive.org/details/royalshakespeare00sall |url-access=registration |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19212-209-4}}</ref><br />
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===West End and RSC===<br />
At the [[West End theatre|West End]]'s [[Royal Court Theatre]] in September 1975, she played the role of a rock star named Maggie in ''[[Teeth 'n' Smiles (play)|Teeth 'n' Smiles]]'', a musical play by [[David Hare (dramatist)|David Hare]]; she reprised the role the following year in a revival of the play at [[Wyndham's Theatre]] in May 1976.<br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren at Met Opera.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the opening of the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in 2008]]<br />
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Beginning in November 1975, Mirren played in West End repertory with the Lyric Theatre Company as Nina in ''[[The Seagull]]'' and Ella in [[Ben Travers]]'s new farce ''The Bed Before Yesterday'' ("Mirren is stirringly voluptuous as the [[Jean Harlow|Harlowesque]] good-time girl": [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]], ''The Guardian''). At the RSC in Stratford in 1977, and at the Aldwych the following year, she played a steely Queen Margaret in [[Terry Hands]]' production of the three parts of ''[[Henry VI (play)|Henry VI]]'', while 1979 saw her 'bursting with grace', and winning acclaim for her performance as Isabella in [[Peter Gill (playwright)|Peter Gill]]'s production of ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' at [[Riverside Studios]].<br />
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In 1981, she returned to the Royal Court for the London premiere of [[Brian Friel]]'s ''[[Faith Healer]]''. That same year she also won acclaim for her performance in the title role of [[John Webster]]'s ''[[The Duchess of Malfi]]'', a production of Manchester's [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange Theatre]] which was later transferred to [[The Roundhouse]] in [[Chalk Farm]], London. Reviewing her portrayal for ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'', [[Francis King]] wrote: "Miss Mirren never leaves it in doubt that even in her absences, this ardent, beautiful woman is the most important character of the story." In her performance as Moll Cutpurse in ''[[The Roaring Girl]]''—at the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre]] in January 1983, and at the [[Barbican Theatre]] in April 1983—she was described as having "swaggered through the action with radiant singularity of purpose, filling in areas of light and shade that even [[Thomas Middleton]] and [[Thomas Dekker (poet)|Thomas Dekker]] omitted."&nbsp;– [[Michael Coveney]], ''[[Financial Times]]'', April 1983.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Philip |title=Becoming Helen Mirren |date=25 October 2019 |publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=roaring+girl| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of 1989, Mirren co-starred with [[Bob Peck]] at the [[Young Vic]] in the London premiere of the [[Arthur Miller]] double-bill, ''Two Way Mirror'', performances which prompted Miller to remark: "What is so good about English actors is that they are not afraid of the open expression of large emotions. British actors like to speak. In London, there’s a much more open-hearted kind of exchange between stage and audience" (interview by [[Sheridan Morley]]: ''[[The Times]]'' 11 January 1989).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bigsby |first1=Christopher |title=Arthur Miller: 1962-2005 |date=2011 |publisher=Hachette UK}}</ref> In ''[[Elegy for a Lady]]'' she played the svelte proprietress of a classy boutique, while as the blonde hooker in ''[[Some Kind of Love Story]]'' she was "clad in a Freudian slip and shifting easily from waif-like vulnerability to sexual aggression, giving the role a breathy Monroesque quality".<ref>{{cite news |title=The Coutours of Passion| newspaper=The Guardian| location=London| date=25 January 1989| page=46| last=Billington| first=Michael| url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259882155/ |access-date=22 October 2020 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><br />
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On 15 February 2013, at the West End's [[Gielgud Theatre]] she began a turn as [[Elizabeth II]] in the World Premiere of [[Peter Morgan]]'s ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |title=The Audience |website=Hit The Theatre.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232730/http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> The show was directed by [[Stephen Daldry]]. In April she was named best actress at the [[Olivier Awards]] for her role.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |title=Helen Mirren crowned queen of the stage |date=30 April 2013 |website=[[3 News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233730/http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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===Broadway debut===<br />
A further stage breakthrough came in 1994, in an [[Yvonne Arnaud Theatre]] production bound for the West End, when [[Bill Bryden]] cast her as Natalya Petrovna in [[Ivan Turgenev]]'s ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''. Her co-stars were [[John Hurt]] as her aimless lover Rakitin and [[Joseph Fiennes]] in only his second professional stage appearance as the cocksure young tutor Belyaev.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Month in the Country |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=4 March 1994 |newspaper=[[Richmond & Twickenham Times]] |quote=Instead of a bored Natalya fretting the summer away in dull frocks, Mirren, dazzlingly gowned, is a woman almost wilfully allowing her heart's desire for her son's young tutor to rule her head and wreak domestic havoc....Creamy shoulders bared, she feels free to launch into a gloriously enchanted, dreamily comic self-confession of love.}}</ref><br />
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Prior to 2015, Mirren had twice been nominated for Broadway's [[Tony Award]] for Best Actress in a Play: in 1995 for her Broadway debut in ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/26/theater/theater-review-turgenev-s-inquiry-into-calamitous-love.html |title=Theater Review; Turgenev's Inquiry Into Calamitous Love |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=26 April 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019 |quote=Miss Mirren's performance is bigger and more animated than the one she gave last year in an entirely different London production.}}</ref> and then again in 2002 for ''[[The Dance of Death (Strindberg)|The Dance of Death]]'', co-starring with Sir [[Ian McKellen]], their fraught rehearsal period coinciding with the terrorist attacks on New York on 11 September 2001.<ref name=autobiography/><br />
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On 7 June 2015‚ Mirren won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play‚ for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in ''The Audience'' (a performance which also won her the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best Actress). Her Tony Award win made her one of the few actors to achieve the US “[[Triple Crown of Acting#Helen Mirren|Triple Crown of Acting]]”, joining the ranks of acclaimed performers including [[Ingrid Bergman]]‚ Dame [[Maggie Smith]], and [[Al Pacino]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |work=Huffington Post |title=7 reasons to love Helen Mirren on her 70th birthday |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023072002/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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===National Theatre===<br />
In 1998, Mirren played [[Cleopatra]] to [[Alan Rickman]]'s [[Mark Antony|Antony]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]. The production received poor reviews; ''[[The Guardian]]'' called it "plodding spectacle rarely informed by powerful passion", while ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' said "the crucial sexual chemistry on which any great production ultimately depends is fatally absent".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=A case of hype and fall as Rickman and Mirren are put to the sword |last=Lister |first=David |date=23 October 1998 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2000 [[Nicholas Hytner]], who had worked with Mirren on the film version of ''[[The Madness of King George]]'', cast her as Lady Torrance in his revival of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[Orpheus Descending]]'' at the [[Donmar Warehouse]] in London. Michael Billington, reviewing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', described her performance as "an exemplary study of an immigrant woman who has acquired a patina of resilient toughness but who slowly acknowledges her sensuality."<ref>{{cite news |title=Southern discomfort |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/jun/29/artsfeatures4 |date=28 June 2000 |page=46 |access-date=1 March 2022 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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At the National Theatre in November 2003 she again won praise playing Christine Mannon ("defiantly cool, camp and skittish", ''[[Evening Standard]]''; "glows with mature sexual allure", ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'') in a revival of [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]'' directed by [[Howard Davies (Theatre Director)|Howard Davies]]. "This production was one of the best experiences of my professional life, The play was four and a half hours long, and I have never known that kind of response from an audience ... It was the serendipity of a beautifully cast play, with great design and direction, It will be hard to be in anything better."<ref name=autobiography/> She played the title role in [[Jean Racine]]'s ''[[Phèdre]]'' at the National in 2009, in a production directed by [[Nicholas Hytner]]. The production was also staged at the [[Epidaurus#Theatre|Epidaurus amphitheatre]] on 11 and 12 July 2009.<br />
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==Film career==<br />
Mirren has appeared in a large number of films throughout her career. Some of her earlier film appearances include roles in [[Herostratus (film)|Herostratus]] (1967) Dir. Don Levy, ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)|Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' (1968), ''[[Age of Consent (film)|Age of Consent]]'' (1969), ''[[O Lucky Man!]]'' (1973), ''[[Caligula (film)|Caligula]]'' (1979),<ref name="VF2015" /><ref name="peop_Hele" /> ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980)—co-starring with [[Bob Hoskins]] in what was her breakthrough film role,<ref name="BBC 2014">{{cite news| title=Dame Helen Mirren to receive Bafta fellowship| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-25911227| work=BBC News| date=27 January 2014| access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref> ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981), ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985), ''[[The Mosquito Coast (film)|The Mosquito Coast]]'' (1986), ''[[Pascali's Island (film)|Pascali's Island]]'' (1988) and ''[[When the Whales Came]]'' (1989). She appeared in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Some Mother's Son]]'' (1996), ''[[Painted Lady (mini series)|Painted Lady]]'' (1997) and ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="Mirren roles"/> In [[Peter Greenaway]]'s colorful ''[[The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover]]'', Mirren plays the wife opposite [[Michael Gambon]]. In ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), she plays sadistic history teacher Mrs Eve Tingle.<ref name="Mirren roles">{{cite news |title=All Helen Mirren's 61 movies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/02/all-helen-mirrens-61-movies-ranked |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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In 2007, she claimed that the director [[Michael Winner]] had treated her "like a piece of meat" at a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting call]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=David Cameron keeps his distance from film director Michael Winner |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=3 May 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=30 December 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Asked about the incident, Winner told ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I don't remember asking her to turn around but if I did I wasn't being serious. I was only doing what the [casting] agent asked me&nbsp;– and for this I get reviled! Helen's a lovely person, she's a great actress and I'm a huge fan, but her memory of that moment is a little flawed."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |title=Susan Sarandon, Gwyneth Paltrow, Charlize Theron & More Casting Couch Horror Stories |date=16 November 2012 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020104842/http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |archive-date=20 October 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren continued her successful film career when she starred in ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001) with [[Maggie Smith]] and ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003) with [[Julie Walters]]. Other more recent appearances include ''[[The Clearing (film)|The Clearing]]'' (2004), ''[[Pride (2004 film)|Pride]]'' (2004), ''[[Raising Helen]]'' (2004), and ''[[Shadowboxer]]'' (2005). Mirren also provided the voice for the supercomputer "[[Minor characters from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|Deep Thought]]" in the film adaptation of [[Douglas Adams]]'s ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' (2005). During her career, she has portrayed three British queens in different films and television series: [[Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 TV series)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), and [[Queen Charlotte|Charlotte]] in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994). She is the only actor to have portrayed both Queens Elizabeth on the screen.<ref name="BBC 2014"/><br />
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Mirren's title role of ''The Queen'' earned her numerous acting awards including a [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA]], a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Golden Globe]], and an [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Academy Award]], among many others. During her acceptance speech at the Academy Award ceremony, she praised and thanked Elizabeth II and stated that she had maintained her dignity and weathered many storms during her reign. Mirren later appeared in supporting roles in the films ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]'', ''[[Inkheart (film)|Inkheart]]'', ''[[State of Play (film)|State of Play]]'', and ''[[The Last Station]]'', for which she was nominated for an Oscar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |title=Nominees & Winners for the 82nd Academy Awards |date=24 August 2012 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411210003/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |archive-date=11 April 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2000–2009===<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren at the Orange British Academy Film Awards.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the [[60th British Academy Film Awards]] in 2007, where she won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]]]]<br />
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Mirren's first film of the 2000s was [[Joel Hershman]]'s ''[[Greenfingers]]'' (2000), a comedy based on the true story about the prisoners of [[Leyhill Prison|HMP Leyhill]], a minimum-security prison, who won gardening awards.<ref name="Deitz">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/garden/free-to-grow-bluebells-in-england.html |title=Free to Grow Bluebells in England |last=Deitz |first=Paula |date=16 July 1998 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=13 |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren portrayed a devoted plantswoman in the film, who coaches a team of prison gardeners, led by [[Clive Owen]], to victory at a prestigious flower show.<ref name="Ramsey">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/22/movies/film-never-too-tough-to-be-softened-up-by-a-flower.html |title=Film; Never Too Tough to Be Softened Up by a Flower |last=Ramsey |first=Nancy |page=22 |date=22 July 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> The project received lukewarm reviews, which suggested that it added "nothing new to this already saturated genre" of [[Britcom|British feel-good films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greenfingers/ |title=Greenfingers (2000) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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The same year, she began work on the mystery film ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'', [[Sean Penn]]'s third directorial effort, in which she played a child psychologist. A critical success,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1104203-pledge |title=The Pledge (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> the [[ensemble film]] tanked at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/entertainment/1332122.stm |title=US directors laud Cannes audiences |date=15 May 2001 |website=BBC News |access-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> Also that year, she filmed the American-Icelandic satirical drama ''[[No Such Thing (film)|No Such Thing]]'' opposite [[Sarah Polley]]. Directed by [[Hal Hartley]], Mirren portrayed a soulless television producer in the film, who strives for sensationalistic stories. It was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/no_such_thing/ |title=No Such Thing (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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Her biggest critical and commercial success, released in 2001, became [[Robert Altman]]'s all-star ensemble mystery film ''[[Gosford Park]]''. A [[homage (arts)|homage]] to writer [[Agatha Christie]]'s [[whodunit]] style, the story follows a party of wealthy Britons and an American, and their servants, who gather for a shooting weekend at an [[English country house]], resulting in an unexpected murder. It received multiple awards and nominations, including a second [[Academy Award]] nomination and first [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Screen Actors Guild Award]] win for Mirren's portrayal of the sternly devoted head servant Mrs. Wilson.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/gosford-park-big-winner-article-1.485902 |title='Gosford Park' Big Winner |first=Jack |last=Mathews |date=11 March 2002 |newspaper=New York Daily News |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Fred Schepisi]]'s dramedy film ''[[Last Orders (film)|Last Orders]]'' opposite [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]].<ref name="Mirren roles"/><br />
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In 2003, Mirren starred in [[Nigel Cole]]'s comedy ''[[Calendar Girls]]'', inspired by the true story of a group of [[Yorkshire]] women who produced a [[nude calendar]] to raise money for [[Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research|Leukaemia Research]] under the auspices of the [[Women's Institutes]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/12/23/earlyshow/leisure/main590034.shtml |title=Helen Mirren's ''Calendar Girls'' |first=Rome |last=Neal |date=24 December 2003 |website=[[CBS News]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> Mirren initially was reluctant to join the project, dismissing it as another middling British picture,<ref name="mc1">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504225925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo&feature=related| archive-date=2017-05-04|title=2009&nbsp;– Movie Connections&nbsp;– Calendar Girls (2/4) |author=[[Movie Connections]] |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> but rethought her decision upon learning of the casting of co-star [[Julie Walters]].<ref name="mc1"/> The film was generally well received by critics, and grossed $96 million worldwide.<ref name="bom">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=calendargirls.htm |title=Calendar Girls (2003) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, the picture earned [[Satellite Award|Satellite]], [[Golden Globe]], and [[European Film Award]] nominations for Mirren.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0337909/awards |title=Awards for ''Calendar Girls'' |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> Her other film that year was the [[Showtime Networks|Showtime]] television film ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' opposite [[Olivier Martinez]], and [[Anne Bancroft]], based on the 1950 novel of the same title by [[Tennessee Williams]].<br />
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===2010–2014===<br />
In 2010, Mirren appeared in five films. In ''[[Love Ranch]]'', directed by her husband [[Taylor Hackford]], she portrayed [[Joe Conforte|Sally Conforte]], one half of a married couple who opened the first legal [[brothel]] in the US, the [[Mustang Ranch]] in [[Storey County, Nevada]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/04/helen_mirrens_brothel_movie_to.html |title=Helen Mirren's Brothel Movie to Open |last=Brown |first=Lane |date=6 April 2010 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren starred in the principal role of [[Prospero|Prospera]], the duchess of [[Milan]], in [[Julie Taymor]]'s ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]''. This was based on the [[The Tempest|play of the same name]] by [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]; Taymor changed the original character's gender to cast Mirren as her lead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |title=Mirren 'to star in Tempest film' |date=8 October 2008 |website=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111152135/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |archive-date=11 January 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While the actor garnered strong reviews for her portrayal, the film itself was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tempest |title=The Tempest (2010) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren at the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
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Mirren played a gutsy tea-shop owner who tries to save one of her young employees from marrying a teenage killer in [[Rowan Joffé]]'s ''[[Brighton Rock (2010 film)|Brighton Rock]]'', a [[crime film]] loosely based on [[Graham Greene]]'s 1938 [[Brighton Rock (novel)|novel]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |title=Helen Mirren: Interview |first=Ben |last=Walters |date=2 June 2015 |magazine=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128223000/http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |archive-date=28 January 2016 }}</ref> The [[film noir]] [[Film premiere|premiered]] at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] in September 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |title=At TIFF: ''Brighton Rock'' Extends the Graham Greene Adaptation Curse |first=Michelle |last=Orange |date=13 September 2010 |website=[[Movieline]] |access-date=27 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916205701/http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |archive-date=16 September 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> where it received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/movies/brighton-rock-film-of-graham-greene-novel-review.html |title=A Meek Rose Amid the Mods and Rockers in an English Resort Town |first=Stephen |last=Holden |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=25 August 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=27 August 2011 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mirren's biggest critical and commercial success of the year was [[Robert Schwentke]]'s ensemble action comedy ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'', based on [[Warren Ellis]]’s graphic novel, in which she portrayed Victoria, an ex-[[MI6]] assassin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |title=Casting Notes: Alan Cumming in Burlesque; Mirren Does Espionage; Dempsey Steals Laughs; Weaver and Shawkat Hit Cedar Rapids |first=Russ |last=Fischer |date=4 November 2009 |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=19 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122185818/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |archive-date=22 January 2010 }}</ref> Mirren was initially hesitant to sign on due to film's graphic violence, but changed her mind upon learning of [[Bruce Willis]]' involvement.<ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |archive-date=10 December 2022 |title=Majestic Mirren |first=Emanuel |last=Levy |date=15 October 2010 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |location=London |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Released to positive reviews, it grossed $186.5 million worldwide.<ref name="mojo" >{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2010.htm |title=RED (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Also in 2010, the actor lent her voice to [[Zack Snyder]]'s computer-animated fantasy film ''[[Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole]]'', voicing [[antagonist]] Nyra, a leader of a group of owls. The film grossed $140.1 million on an $80 million budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=guardiansofgahoole.htm |title=Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=15 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's next film was the comedy film ''[[Arthur (2011 film)|Arthur]]'', a remake of the 1981 [[Arthur (1981 film)|film of the same name]], starring [[Russell Brand]] in the lead role. ''Arthur'' received generally negative reviews from critics, who declared it an "irritating, unnecessary remake."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/arthur_2011/ |title=Arthur (2011) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> In preparation for her role as a retired Israeli [[Mossad]] agent in the film ''[[The Debt (2011 film)|The Debt]]'', Mirren reportedly immersed herself in studies of Hebrew language, Jewish history, and [[Holocaust]] writing, including the life of [[Simon Wiesenthal]], while in Israel in 2009 for the filming of some of the movie's scenes. The film is a remake of a [[The Debt (2007 film)|2007 Israeli film of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/mirren-learning-hebrew-for-movie-role_1096343 |title=Mirren Learning Hebrew For Movie Role |date=27 February 2009 |website=[[ContactMusic.com]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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In 2012, Mirren played [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s wife [[Alma Reville]] in the 2012 biopic ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'', directed by [[Sacha Gervasi]] and based on [[Stephen Rebello]]'s non-fiction book ''[[Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho]]''. The film centres on the pair's relationship during the making of ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'', a controversial [[horror film]] that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker's career. It became a moderate arthouse success and garnered a lukewarm critical response from critics, who felt that it suffered from "tonal inconsistency and a lack of truly insightful retrospection."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/hitchcock |title=Hitchcock (2012) |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> Mirren was universally praised, however, with [[Roger Ebert]] noting that the film depended most on her portrayal, which he found to be "warm and effective."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=20 November 2012 |title=Hitchcock |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=21 November 2012 |archive-date=27 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127172340/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Her other film that year was ''[[The Door (2012 film)|The Door]]'', a claustrophobic drama film directed by [[István Szabó]], based on the Hungarian novel of the same name. Set at the height of [[communist]] rule in 1960s Hungary, the story of the adaptation centres on the abrasive influence that a mysterious housekeeper wields over her employer and successful novelist, played [[Martina Gedeck]]. Mirren found the role "difficult to play" and cited doing it as "one of the hardest things [she has] ever done."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/mirren-steps-through-a-new-door-20120718-22ahn.html |title=Mirren steps through a new door |first=Philippa |last=Hawker |date=19 July 2012 |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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[[File:HelenMirrenHWOFJan2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren receiving a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013]]<br />
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The following year, Mirren replaced [[Bette Midler]] in [[David Mamet]]'s biographical television film ''[[Phil Spector (film)|Phil Spector]]'' about [[Phil Spector|the American musician]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/22/phil-spector-s-jersey-girl-lawyer-meet-the-real-linda-kenney-baden.html |title=Phil Spector's Jersey Girl Lawyer: Meet the Real Linda Kenney Baden |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |date=22 March 2013 |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> The [[HBO]] film focuses on the relationship between Spector and his defense attorney Linda Kenney Baden, played by Mirren, during the first of his two [[Phil Spector#Murder conviction|murder trials for the death in 2003]] of [[Lana Clarkson]] in his California mansion. ''Spector'' received largely mixed to positive reviews from critics, particularly for Mirren and co-star [[Al Pacino]]'s performances, and was nominated for eleven [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, also winning Mirren a [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie|Screen Actors Guild Award]] at the [[20th Screen Actors Guild Awards|20th awards ceremony]]. The film drew criticism both from Clarkson's family and friends, who charged that the suicide defense was given more merit than it deserved, and from Spector's wife, who argued that Spector was portrayed as a "foul-mouthed megalomaniac" and a "minotaur".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2013/03/15/friends_of_lana_clarkson_protest_hbo_film_phil_spector/ |title=Friends of Lana Clarkson protest HBO film "Phil Spector" |last=Gupta |first=Prachi |date=15 March 2013 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref> Also in 2013, Mirren voiced the character of Dean Abigail Hardscrabble in [[Pixar]]'s computer-animated comedy film ''[[Monsters University]]'', which grossed $743 million against its estimated budget of $200 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monstersinc2.htm |title=Monsters University (2013) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=20 December 2013}}</ref> and reprised her role in the sequel film ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]''.<ref name="Mirren">{{cite web |url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |title=Helen Mirren Says She's Ready For 'Red' Sequel: 'Just Get Me The Script' |last=Warner |first=Kara |date=29 March 2011 |website=[[MTV News]] |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515150701/http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |archive-date=15 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The action comedy received a mixed reviews from film critics, who called it a "lackadaisical sequel",<ref name="TheWrap">{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/red-2-review-bruce-willis-sequel-dies-hard-lands-dull-thud-102681 |title='Red 2' Review: Bruce Willis Sequel Dies Hard, Lands With Dull Thud |last=Gilchrist |first=Todd |date=15 July 2013 |website=[[The Wrap]] |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref> but became another commercial success, making over $140 million worldwide.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=Red 2 (2013) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2.htm |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2014 was the comedy-drama ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' opposite the Indian actor [[Om Puri]]. Directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and produced by [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Oprah Winfrey]], the film is based on [[Richard C. Morais]]' 2010 novel [[The Hundred-Foot Journey|with the same name]] and tells the story of a feud between two adjacent restaurants in a French town. Mirren garnered largely positive reviews for her performance of a snobby restaurateur, a role which she accepted as she was keen to play a French character, reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."<ref name="collider1">{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/helen-mirren-hundred-foot-journey-trumbo-interview/ |title=Helen Mirren Talks 'The Hundred-Foot Journey', Working with Om Puri, What She Looks For in Choosing Projects, 'Trumbo', and More |last1=Roberts |first1=Sheila |date=31 July 2014 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The film earned her another [[Golden Globe]] nomination and became a modest commercial success, grossing $88.9 million worldwide.<ref name=BOM2>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=100foot.htm |title=The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2015–present===<br />
[[File:The Leisure Seeker 06 (36402080733).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren attending the premiere of ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' at the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
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In 2015, Mirren reunited with her former assistant [[Simon Curtis (filmmaker)|Simon Curtis]] on ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'', co-starring [[Ryan Reynolds]].<ref name="collider1"/> The film was based on the true story of Jewish refugee [[Maria Altmann]], who, together with her young lawyer [[E. Randol Schoenberg|Randy Schoenberg]], fought the Austrian government to be reunited with [[Gustav Klimt]]'s painting of her aunt, the famous ''[[Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gustav-klimt-birthday-woman-in-gold_55a52d3de4b0a47ac15d61af |title=Gustav Klimt Painted Much More Than 'The Woman In Gold' |last1=Valentine |first1=Colin |date=14 July 2015 |website=[[HuffPost]] Arts & Culture |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics, although Mirren and Reynold's performances were widely praised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Woman in Gold (2015) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/woman_in_gold/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> A commercial success, ''Woman in Gold'' became one of the highest-grossing specialty films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/the-20-highest-grossing-indies-of-2015-a-running-list-1 |title=The 20 Highest Grossing Indies of 2015 (A Running List) |first=Kate |last=Erbland |date=29 December 2015 |website=Indiewire |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The same year, Mirren appeared in [[Gavin Hood]]'s thriller ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), in which she played as a military intelligence officer who leads a secret [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone]] mission to capture a terrorist group living in [[Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/aaron-paul-helen-mirren-join-colin-firth-in-thriller-eye-in-the-sky/ |title=Aaron Paul, Helen Mirren Join Colin Firth in Thriller 'Eye in the Sky' |last1=Sneider |first1=Jeff |date=16 May 2014 |website=The Wrap |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Jay Roach]]'s biographical drama ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'', co-starring [[Bryan Cranston]] and [[Diane Lane]]. The actor played [[Hedda Hopper]], the famous actor and [[gossip columnist]], in the film, which received generally positive reviews from critics and garnered her a 14th Golden Globe nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/trumbo/ |title=Trumbo (2015) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2016 was ''[[Collateral Beauty]]'', directed by [[David Frankel]]. Co-Starring [[Will Smith]], [[Keira Knightley]], and [[Kate Winslet]], the ensemble drama follows a man who copes with his daughter's death by writing letters to [[time]], [[death]], and [[love]]. The film earned largely negative reviews from critics, who called it "well-meaning but fundamentally flawed."<ref name="reviews">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/will-smith-collateral-beauty-lowest-box-office-opening-rotten-tomatoes-1201873153/ |title=How Critics' "Schoolyard Assault" On 'Collateral Beauty' Turned Ugly For Will Smith Pic |first=Anthony |last= D'Alessandro |date=18 December 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=reviews2>{{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/12/13/collateral-beauty-reviews-roundup/ |title=Collateral Beauty reviews: Will Smith movie slammed by critics |first=Danielle |last=Jackson |date=13 December 2016 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Mirren narrated ''[[Cries from Syria]]'', a [[documentary film]] about the [[Syrian Civil War]], directed by [[Evgeny Afineevsky]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/markets-festivals/hbo-cries-from-syria-1201957096/ |title=HBO Nabs 'Cries From Syria' Documentary Ahead of Sundance |first=Brent |last=Lang |date=10 January 2017 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> Also that year, she made an uncredited [[cameo appearance]] in [[F. Gary Gray]]'s ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'', the eighth instalment in the [[The Fast and the Furious |''Fast & Furious'']] franchise, playing Magdalene, the mother of Owen and [[Deckard Shaw]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1635570/how-helen-mirren-ended-up-in-the-fate-of-the-furious-according-to-vin-diesel |title=How Helen Mirren Ended Up In The Fate Of The Furious, According To Vin Diesel |first=Gregory |last=Wakeman |date=14 March 2017 |website=CinemaBlend |access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> Mirren had a larger role in director [[Paolo Virzì]]'s English-language debut ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'', based on the [[The Leisure Seeker (novel)|2009 novel of the same name]]. On set, she was reunited with [[Donald Sutherland]] with whom she had not worked again since ''[[Bethune: The Making of a Hero]]'' (1990),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/cannes-helen-mirren-and-donald-sutherland-to-topline-paolo-virzis-the-leisure-seeker-exclusive-1201772430/ |title=Cannes: Helen Mirren and Donald Sutherland to Topline Paolo Virzì's 'The Leisure Seeker' |first1=Nick |last1=Vivarelli |first2=Elsa |last2=Keslassy |date=12 May 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> portraying a terminally ill couple who escape from their retirement home and take one last cross-country adventure in a vintage van.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-donald-sutherland-team-up-for-the-leisure-seeker-cannes-1201754273/ |title=Helen Mirren & Donald Sutherland Team For 'The Leisure Seeker' – Cannes |first=Ali |last=Jaafar |date=12 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> At the [[75th Golden Globe Awards|75th awards ceremony]], Mirren received her 15th [[Golden Globe]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List |first=Rebecca |last=Rubin |date=11 December 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref><br />
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In 2018, Mirren portrayed heiress [[Sarah Winchester]] in the supernatural horror film ''[[Winchester (film)|Winchester]]'', directed by [[The Spierig Brothers]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-takes-aim-at-playing-firearm-heiress-in-hot-cannes-package-winchester-1201755962/ |title=Helen Mirren Takes Aim At Playing Firearm Heiress In Hot Cannes Package 'Winchester' |first=Mike Jr. |last=Fleming |date=14 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref> In the same year, she starred as Mother Ginger in Disney's adaptation of ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', titled ''[[The Nutcracker and the Four Realms]]'', directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and [[Joe Johnston]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/helen-mirren-nutcracker-disney-1201844942/ |title=Helen Mirren Joins Disney's 'The Nutcracker' |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=25 August 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> In 2019, she appeared in the ensemble film ''[[Berlin, I Love You]]'', the French crime thriller film ''[[Anna (2019 feature film)|Anna]]'', directed and written by [[Luc Besson]], and co-starred in the ''Fast and the Furious'' spin-off ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]''.<ref name="Oct2017V">{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/luc-besson-anna-helen-mirren-luke-evans-1202584144/ |title=Luc Besson Sets Next Film 'Anna' With Helen Mirren, Luke Evans |first1=Elsa |last1=Keslassy |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |date=9 October 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> In March 2021, she was cast as the villain Hespera in the upcoming superhero film ''[[Shazam! Fury of the Gods]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=March 23, 2021 |title='Shazam: Fury Of The Gods': Helen Mirren To Play Villain Hespera In Sequel |url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323221810/https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |archive-date=March 23, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2021 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref><br />
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Mirren is set to portray [[Golda Meir]], prime minister of Israel 1969–1974, in a [[biopic]] entitled ''[[Golda (film)|Golda]]''. As of April 2021, the film was in production.<ref>{{cite news| title=Helen Mirren to Play Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir in Biopic Set During Yom Kippur War| url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2021/04/06/helen-mirren-to-play-israeli-prime-minister-golda-meir-in-biopic-set-during-yom-kippur-war/| access-date=2022-03-01| newspaper=[[Algemeiner Journal]]| location=New York| first=Shiryn| last=Ghermezian| date=6 April 2021| language=en-US}}</ref> She also appeared in the 2022 music video for Kendrick Lamar's "Count Me Out" as a therapist.<ref>{{Citation |title=Kendrick Lamar - Count Me Out |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GhhVHpPR_M |language=en |access-date=2022-12-22}}</ref><br />
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==Television career==<br />
=== ''Prime Suspect'' ===<br />
Mirren is known for her role as detective Jane Tennison in the widely viewed ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', a multiple award-winning television drama series that was noted for its high quality and popularity. Her portrayal of Tennison won her [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] between 1992 and 1994 (making her one of four actors to have received three consecutive [[BAFTA TV Awards]] for a role, alongside [[Robbie Coltrane]], [[Julie Walters]] and [[Michael Gambon]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/dame-helen-mirren-10-things-202365 |title=Dame Helen Mirren: 10 things you need to know about the Oscar nominated actress |date=18 February 2010 |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |location=London |access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> Primarily due to ''Prime Suspect'', in 2006 Mirren came 29th on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]’s poll of [[TV's 50 Greatest Stars]] voted by the British public.<ref name="Poll">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5142726.stm| title=ITV to salute '50 greatest stars'| date=3 July 2006| work=[[BBC News]]| access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><br />
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=== Other roles ===<br />
Mirren's other television performances include ''[[Cousin Bette]]'' (1971); ''[[BBC Television Shakespeare|As You Like It]]'' (1979); ''[[Blue Remembered Hills]]'' (1979); ''[[The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' episode "[[Dead Woman's Shoes (The Twilight Zone)|Dead Woman's Shoes]]" (1985); ''[[The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)|The Passion of Ayn Rand]]'' (1999), where her performance won her an [[Emmy]]; ''[[Door to Door (film)|Door to Door]]'' (2002); and ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' (2003). In 1976, she appeared with [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Alan Bates]] and [[Malcolm McDowell]] in a production of [[Harold Pinter]]'s ''[[The Collection (play)|The Collection]]'' as part of the ''[[Laurence Olivier Presents]]'' series. She also played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in 2005, in the television serial ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'', for [[Channel 4]] and [[HBO]], for which she received an [[Emmy Award]] and a [[Golden Globe Award]]. Mirren won another Emmy Award on 16 September 2007 for her role in ''[[Prime Suspect|Prime Suspect: The Final Act]]'' on PBS in the same category as in 2006. Mirren hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' on 9 April 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://watching-tv.ew.com/2011/04/10/saturday-night-live-helen-mirren-foo-fighters/ |title='Saturday Night Live' recap: Helen Mirren transcended a laugh-lite 'SNL' |last=Tucker |first=Ken |date=10 April 2011 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> In 2022, she portrayed Cara Dutton in the ''[[Yellowstone (American TV series)|Yellowstone]]'' spinoff ''[[1923 (TV series)|1923]]'', which also featured [[Harrison Ford]] and [[Timothy Dalton]].<br />
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==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren figure at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|upright|Waxwork of Mirren at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]<br />
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Mirren lived with Northern Irish actor [[Liam Neeson]] during the early 1980s; they met while working on ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981). When interviewed by [[James Lipton]] for ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]'', Neeson said Mirren was instrumental in his getting an agent.<br />
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Mirren began dating American director [[Taylor Hackford]] in 1986. They were married on 31 December 1997 at the [[Ardersier]] Parish Church near [[Inverness]] in the [[Scottish Highlands]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Dame Helen Mirren fights sewage plant plan in quiet fishing village where she got married |date=30 May 2016 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 January 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> They met on the set of ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985). It is her first marriage and his third (he has two children from his previous marriages). She has no children, stating she has "no maternal instinct whatsoever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/mirren%20i%20have%20no%20maternal%20instinct_1023284 |title=Mirren: 'I Have No Maternal Instinct' |date=26 February 2007 |website=Contactmusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's autobiography, ''In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures'', was published in the UK by [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] in September 2007. Reviewing for ''[[The Stage]]'', John Thaxter wrote: "Sumptuously illustrated, at first sight it looks like another of those photo albums of the stars. But between the pictures there are almost 200 pages of densely printed text, an unusually frank story of her private and professional life, mainly in the theatre, the words clearly Mirren's own, delivered with forthright candour."<ref>{{cite news |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=1 November 2007 |newspaper=The Stage}}</ref><br />
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In 1990, Mirren said in an interview that she was an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sunday Review Pages: Helen Mirren interview |last=Garfield |first=Simon |date=25 November 1990 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |page=27 |quote=Sometimes I feel like a farmer during a war, someone who doesn't know very much about it and carries on digging, hoping for rain. But just the last few days I've had this terrible feeling of... doom. It's a, er, [[Bible|biblical]], kind of [[Old Testament]] feeling. I'm an atheist, but I was suddenly thinking of those stories of the flood and punishment. Because we've become unbelievably greedy and destructive.}}</ref> In the August 2011 issue of ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', she said, "I am quite spiritual. I believed in fairies when I was a child. I still do sort of believe in the fairies. And the leprechauns. But I don't believe in God."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/helen-mirren-quotes-0811 |title=Helen Mirren: What I've Learned |last=Fussman |first=Cal |date=7 July 2011 |magazine=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |access-date=8 January 2013}}</ref><br />
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In a 2008 interview with ''[[GQ]]'', Mirren revealed she was [[date rape]]d as a student, and had often taken [[cocaine]] at parties in her twenties and until the 1980s.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/09/01/helen.mirren.rape/index.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren in date-rape revelation |date=1 September 2008 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref><ref name=indie>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Mirren talks of her date-rapes, then provokes furore with views on sex attackers |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |date=1 September 2008 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref> She stopped using it after reading that [[Klaus Barbie]] made a living from cocaine dealing.<ref name=cnn/><ref name=indie/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7591142.stm |title=Dame Helen in cocaine admission |date=1 September 2008 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901101327/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2008 |title='The Queen' actress Dame Helen Mirren reveals former love of cocaine |last=Simpson |first=Aislinn |date=31 August 2008 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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On 11 May 2010, Mirren attended the unveiling of her waxwork at [[Madame Tussauds]] in London. In 2012, she was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]] to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork—The Beatles' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' album cover—to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admired.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited |title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday |first=Caroline |last=Davies |date=2 April 2012 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026 |title=Sir Peter Blake's new Beatles' Sgt Pepper's album cover |date=2 April 2012 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2010, she was named Sexiest Woman Alive by ''Esquire'', and in a 2011 photo shoot for the magazine, she stripped down and covered up with the [[Union Jack]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Helen Mirren shows off her patriotism in Esquire photo shoot |date=15 July 2011 |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/helen-mirren-shows-off-her-patriotism-in-esquire-photo-shoot.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAL-vIbYr3zdTdvehdRUc0lnYjJRXjrH4_m5WPohtumjKkQF5ZjHQLJtDu-wBH128akA-SIGhwuqIxJGGVah71ko93k0SrMjCBGWYNe6o4pAX1bMxdQKNuPUDWP0gRMadkT21jNy7mPWtoRB9gY_JEBadANEeCY_pMxeHk9kSdO2G |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref><br />
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In 2013, Mirren was announced as one of several new models for [[Marks & Spencer]]'s "Womanism" campaign. Subtitled "Britain's leading ladies", the campaign featured Mirren alongside British women from various fields, including pop singer [[Ellie Goulding]], double Olympic gold medal-winning boxer [[Nicola Adams]], and writer [[Monica Ali]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/aug/19/marks-spencer-new-ad-annie-leibowitz |title=Marks & Spencer's new ad: what does it mean? |first=Lauren |last=Cochrane |date=19 August 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In March 2013, ''The Guardian'' listed Mirren as one of the 50 Best-Dressed Over 50.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s |title=The 50 best-dressed over 50s |first=Jess |last=Cartner-Morley |date=29 March 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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She told the ''[[Radio Times]]'', "I'm a [[naturism|naturist]] at heart. I love being on beaches where everyone is naked. Ugly people, beautiful people, old people, whatever. It's so unisexual and so liberating."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-09-19/celebrity-nudists-the-stars-who-like-to-let-it-all-hang-out |title=Celebrity nudists: the stars who like to let it all hang out |date=19 September 2014 |magazine=Radio Times |location=London |access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref> In 2004, she was named Naturist of the Year by [[British Naturism]]. She said: "Many thanks to British Naturism for this great honour. I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!"<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |title=Dame Helen Mirren named 'Naturist of the Year' |date=8 January 2012 |publisher=British Naturism |access-date=26 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004094251/http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |archive-date=4 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
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In 2006, Mirren stated that she was never a member of any [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|political party]].<ref name="independent"/> Mirren became a [[U.S. citizen]] in 2017 and voted in her first U.S. election in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/oscar-winner-tahoe-resident-helen-mirren-casts-1st-american-vote |title=Oscar winner, Tahoe resident Helen Mirren casts 1st American vote| date=15 October 2020 |newspaper=Tahoe Daily Tribune |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |newspaper=[[Record-Courier (Nevada)|The Record-Courier]] |location=[[Gardnerville, Nevada]] |title='The Queen' casts her ballot in Minden |date=17 October 2020 |last=Hildebrand |first=Kurt |access-date=18 October 2020 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116061403/https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She supported Patricia Ackerman in her campaign against [[Mark Amodei]] in {{ushr|NV|2}}.<ref name="democrat"/><br />
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In April 2021, she took part in the [[music video]] "La Vacinada" (meaning ''the vaccinated woman'' in broken [[Spanish language]]) of Italian comedian and singer [[Checco Zalone]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/checco-zalone-pokes-fun-at-helen-mirrens-age-in-viral-video-9xgd0q99d| title=Checco Zalone pokes fun at Helen Mirren's age in viral video| newspaper=The Times| location=London| date=1 May 2021| access-date=2 May 2021| url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
In the song and video, Zalone jokes about the fact that, in times of [[Covid-19 pandemic]], it is safer to have an [[affair]] with someone who has already been [[vaccinated]] against the [[virus]], and as [[the elderly]] get vaccinated first, an older partner (played by Mirren in the video) is now the best choice.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='The Telegraph' recap: Helen Mirren joins Italy's best known comic in light-hearted sketch to promote Covid-19 vaccine |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=30 April 2021 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph | location=London |access-date=30 April 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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== Acting credits ==<br />
{{main|Helen Mirren on screen and stage}}<br />
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==Awards and honours==<br />
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren}}<br />
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Among her major competitive awards, Mirren has won one [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]], four [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA Awards]], three [[Golden Globe Awards]], five [[Emmy Awards]], and one [[Tony Awards|Tony Award]]. Her numerous honorary awards include the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] and Gala Tribute presented by the [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]].<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/45th-chaplin-award-gala-will-honor-helen-mirren/ |title=45th Chaplin Award Gala Will Honor Helen Mirren |website=Film Society of Lincoln Center |date=14 October 2017 |access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref><br />
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In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]] in December.<ref name="Damehood"/><ref name="Ceremony"/> In January 2009, Mirren was named on ''[[The Times]]''' list of the top 10 British actresses of all time. The list included [[Julie Andrews]], [[Helena Bonham Carter]], [[Judi Dench]] and [[Audrey Hepburn]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5502980.ece |title=The best British film actresses of all time |date=12 January 2009 |newspaper=The Times |location=London | first=James | last=Christopher | access-date=27 May 2020 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Mirren| first=Helen| title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BoEtOA98XQAC| publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]| year=2011| isbn=978-1-4165-7341-8}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of British actors]]<br />
*[[List of British Academy Award nominees and winners]]<br />
*[[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]<br />
*[[List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="VF2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/11/helen-mirren-nude-scene |title=Helen Mirren Reveals The One Nude Scene She Didn't Mind Filming |last=Miller |first=Julie |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<ref name="peop_Hele">{{cite web |url=http://www.people.com/article/helen-mirren-talks-nude-scenes |title=Helen Mirren Reveals Her Favorite Nude Scenes Were for Caligula: 'Everyone Was Naked' |last=McNiece |first=Mia |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=People |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Ward| first=Philip| date=October 25, 2019| title=Becoming Helen Mirren| publisher=Troubador Press| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=becoming+helen+mirren| access-date=March 1, 2022}} A survey of the actor's early career.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{sister project links|b=no|commons=Category:Helen Mirren|d=Q349391|n=no|q=Helen Mirren|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|545}}<br />
* {{IBDB name|53256}}<br />
* {{Playbill person|helen-mirren-vault-0000099983}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|260}}<br />
* {{WorldCat id|lccn-n87-927316}}<br />
* {{NYTtopic|people/m/helen_mirren}}<br />
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[[Category:American naturists]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Biting&diff=1138997654Operation Biting2023-02-12T20:48:59Z<p>SteveCrook: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|British Combined Operations raid during World War II}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox military conflict<br />
|conflict = Operation Biting<br />
|partof = the British raids during the [[Second World War]]<br />
|image = Bruneval Wurzburg 1.jpg<br />
|image_size = 300<br />
|caption = Bruneval photographed in December 1941<br>by the RAF, with its [[Würzburg radar]] at left<br />
|date = 27{{ndash}}28 February 1942<br />
|place = [[Bruneval]], France<br />
|coordinates = {{coord|49.6711|0.1618|region:FR-14_type:event|display=inline|name=Bruneval Würzburg installation}}<br />
|result = British victory<br />
|combatant1 = {{flagcountry|UK}}<br />
|combatant2 = {{flagcountry|GER|1935}}<br />
|units1 = {{ubl|[[2nd Battalion, Parachute Regiment|2nd Parachute Battalion]]<br />
|[[1st Airborne Division (United Kingdom)|1st Airborne Division]]}}<br />
|units2 = Unknown<br />
|commander1 = [[John Frost (British Army officer)|John Frost]]<br />
|commander2 = Unknown<br />
|strength1 = {{ubl|120 men<ref>Frost, p. 46.</ref><ref>Millar, p. 156.</ref><hr/><br />
|1 Sqn [[RAF]] transports|[[Royal Navy|RN]] support craft}}<br />
|strength2 = ~130 men<ref name="Harclerode210">Harclerode, p. 210.</ref><br />
|casualties1 = {{ubl|2 killed|6 wounded|6 captured<ref>Frost, p. 59.</ref><ref>Millar, p. 181.</ref>}}<br />
|casualties2 = {{ubl|5 killed|2 wounded|2 captured|3 missing<ref>Millar, p. 187.</ref>}}<br />
|map_type = English Channel<br />
|map_size = 280px<br />
|map_label = Bruneval<br />
|map_caption = The radar installation<br />
|campaignbox = {{Campaignbox British airborne forces operations}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Operation Biting''', also known as the '''Bruneval Raid''', was a British [[Combined Operations (United Kingdom)|Combined Operations]] [[Raid (military)|raid]] on a German coastal radar installation at [[Bruneval]] in northern France, during the [[Second World War]], on the night {{nowr|of 27–28 February 1942}}.<br />
<br />
Several of these installations were identified from [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF) [[aerial reconnaissance]] photographs during 1941, but the purpose and the nature of the equipment was not known. Some British scientists believed that these stations were connected with successful German attacks of RAF bombers conducting bombing raids against targets in [[German-occupied Europe|Occupied Europe]], resulting in severe losses of pilots and bombers. The scientists requested that one of these installations be raided and the technology it possessed be studied and, if possible, extracted and brought back to Britain for further examination.<br />
<br />
Due to the extensive [[Coastal defence and fortification|coastal defences]] erected by the Germans to protect the installation from a seaborne raid, the British believed that a [[British Commandos|commando]] raid from the sea would suffer heavy losses and give sufficient time for the enemy to destroy the installation. Officials decided that an [[Airborne forces|airborne]] assault followed by seaborne evacuation would be the most practicable way to surprise the garrison of the installation, seize the technology intact, and minimise casualties to the raiding force.<br />
<br />
On the night of 27 February, after a period of intense training and several delays due to poor weather, a [[Company (military unit)|company]] of airborne troops under the command of Major [[John Dutton Frost|John Frost]] parachuted into France a few miles from the installation. The main force assaulted the villa in which the radar equipment was kept, killing several members of the German garrison and capturing the installation after a brief firefight.<br />
<br />
An RAF technician with the force dismantled a [[Würzburg radar]] array and removed several key pieces, after which the force withdrew to the evacuation beach. The detachment assigned to clear the beach had initially failed to do so, but the German force guarding it was soon eliminated with the help of the main force. The raiding troops were picked up by [[landing craft]], and transferred to several [[motor gunboat]]s, which returned them to Britain.<br />
<br />
The raid was entirely successful. The airborne troops suffered relatively few casualties, and the pieces of the radar they brought back, along with a captured German radar technician, allowed British scientists to understand enemy advances in radar and to create countermeasures to neutralise them.<br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
After the end of the [[Battle of France]] and the evacuation of British troops from [[Dunkirk]] during [[Operation Dynamo]], much of Britain's war production and effort was channelled into [[RAF Bomber Command]] and the [[Strategic bombing during World War II|strategic bombing offensive against Germany]]. However, bomber losses on each raid began to increase during 1941, which British intelligence concluded was due to German use of advanced radar equipment.<ref>Millar, pp. 2–3.</ref><br />
<br />
The British and Germans had been competing in radar technology for nearly a decade at this point, with the German technology often at the same level as the British or surpassing them due to heavy investment in the fledgeling technology.<ref>Cornwell, p. 262.</ref> By the beginning of the Second World War, Britain had devised effective radar systems, primarily through the work of [[Robert Watson-Watt]], although much of the technology was still rudimentary in nature and Watson-Watt and other scientists had failed to devise an effective night-defence system in time for the German [[The Blitz|night-time bombing of Britain]] during 1940.<ref>Cornwell, p. 267.</ref><br />
<br />
Another British scientist working on radar systems and techniques was [[Reginald Victor Jones|R. V. Jones]], who had been appointed in 1939 as Britain's first scientific intelligence officer, and had spent the first years of the conflict researching how advanced German radar was in comparison to Britain,<ref>Cornwell, p. 268.</ref> convincing doubters that the Germans actually had radar.<ref>Jones, p. 192.</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Limber Freya radar illustration.png|thumb|left|upright=1|A Limber ''Freya'' radar|alt=Pencil drawing of equipment standing on four legs]]<br />
By examining leaked German documents, crashed {{lang|de|[[Luftwaffe]]}} bombers, [[Enigma machine|Enigma]] [[Encryption|decryptions]], and through German [[prisoner of war]] interrogations, Jones discovered that high-frequency radio signals were being transmitted across Britain from somewhere on the Continent, and he believed they came from a directional radar system.<ref>Cornwell, pp. 273–274.</ref> Within a few months of this discovery, Jones had identified several such radar systems, one of which was being used to detect British bombers; this was known as the "[[Freya radar|Freya-Meldung-Freya]]" array, named after the [[Freyja|ancient Norse goddess]].<ref name="Cornwell274">Cornwell, p. 274.</ref> Jones was finally able to see concrete proof of the presence of the Freya system after being shown several mysterious objects visible in reconnaissance pictures taken by the RAF near [[La Poterie-Cap-d'Antifer|Cap d'Antifer]] in [[Normandy]] – two circular emplacements in each of which was a rotating "mattress" antenna approximately {{cvt|20|ft|0}} wide. Having found proof of these Freya installations, Jones and the other scientists under his command could begin devising countermeasures against the system, and the RAF could begin to locate and destroy the installations themselves.<ref name="Cornwell274" /><br />
<br />
Jones also found evidence of a second part of the Freya set-up, referred to in Enigma decrypts as "[[Würzburg radar|Würzburg]]", but it was not until he was shown another set of RAF reconnaissance photographs in November 1941 that he learned the nature of Würzburg. The Würzburg radar device consisted of a [[parabolic antenna]] about {{cvt|10|ft|0}} in diameter, which worked in conjunction with Freya to locate British bombers and then direct {{lang|de|Luftwaffe}} [[night fighter]]s to attack them.<ref name="Cornwell275">Cornwell, p. 275.</ref> The two systems complemented each other: Freya was a long-range [[early-warning radar]] system but lacked precision, Würzburg had a much shorter range but was far more precise. Würzburg FuSE 62 D, also had the advantage of being much smaller than the Freya system and easier to manufacture in the quantities needed by the {{lang|de|Luftwaffe}} to defend German territory.<ref name="Cornwell275" /><ref name="Millar3">Millar, p. 3.</ref><br />
<br />
=== Prelude ===<br />
Neutralising the Würzburg system by developing countermeasures against it, Jones and his team needed to study one of the systems, or at least the more vital pieces of technology of which the system was composed. One site had recently been sighted by an RAF [[Supermarine Spitfire (early Merlin powered variants)#PR Mk I Types - Early Reconnaissance Versions|reconnaissance Spitfire]] from the [[No. 1 Photographic Reconnaissance Unit RAF|Photographic Reconnaissance Unit]] during a flight over part of the French [[English Channel]] coast near [[Le Havre]].<ref name="Harclerode208">Harclerode, p. 208.</ref><br />
<br />
The site was found on a clifftop immediately north of the village of Bruneval, {{cvt|12|mi}} north of Le Havre, and was the most accessible German radar site that had been found so far by the British; several other installations were further inland and others were as far away as Romania and Bulgaria.<ref name="Cornwell275" /><ref name="Millar3" /> A request for a raid on the Bruneval site to capture a Würzburg system was passed on to Admiral Lord [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten]], the commander of Combined Operations.<ref name="Millar4">Millar, p. 4.</ref> Mountbatten, in turn, took the proposal to the [[Chiefs of Staff Committee]], who approved the raid after a brief debate.<ref name="Millar4" /><br />
<br />
Having received permission to conduct the raid, Mountbatten and his staff studied the Bruneval installation and its defences, rapidly coming to the conclusion that due to the extensive coastal defences in the area around the installation it was too well-guarded to permit a seaborne commando raid. They considered that such a raid would result in high casualties among the attacking troops and would not be fast enough to capture the Würzburg radar before it was destroyed by the Germans.<ref name=Otway65>Otway, p. 65.</ref> Believing that surprise and speed were to be the essential requirements of any raid against the installation to ensure the radar was captured, Mountbatten saw an airborne assault as the only viable method. On 8 January 1942, he therefore contacted the headquarters of [[1st Airborne Division (United Kingdom)|1st Airborne Division]] and [[No. 38 Group RAF|38 Wing RAF]], asking if they were able to conduct the raid. The division's commander, Major-General [[Frederick Browning]], was particularly enthusiastic, as a successful operation would be an excellent morale boost to the airborne troops under his command, as well as a good demonstration of their value.<ref name=Otway66>Otway, p. 66.</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Biting training.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Troops of the covering force and [[paratrooper]]s practise their withdrawal to the landing craft during training in Britain|alt=Men running down a cliff towards a waiting boat on the shore]]<br />
The two commanders believed that training by airborne troops and aircrews could be completed by the end of February when there would be suitable meteorological conditions for the operation. Training for the raid was begun immediately but encountered several problems. 38 Wing was a new unit still in the process of formation, so [[No. 51 Squadron RAF]] under [[Wing Commander (rank)|Wing Commander]] [[Percy Charles Pickard]] was selected to provide the aircraft and aircrew needed for the operation, although [[Group Captain]] [[Nigel Norman]] of 38 Wing would remain in overall command.<ref name=Otway66 /> Another problem encountered was the state of training of the unit of airborne troops chosen to raid the installation.<br />
<br />
During this period, the 1st Airborne Division was composed of only two parachute battalions, of which only one ([[1st Battalion, Parachute Regiment|1st Parachute Battalion]]), was fully trained. Browning, wishing to keep 1st Parachute Battalion intact for any larger operation the division might be selected for, ordered the [[2nd Battalion, Parachute Regiment|2nd Parachute Battalion]] to provide a company for the operation. 'C' Company commanded by Frost was selected but the company had been so recently formed that Frost and many of his men had not yet completed their parachute jumping course.<ref name="Harclerode208" /><br />
<br />
The level of security imposed on the planning for the raid was so high that when Major Frost was first briefed by a liaison officer from the headquarters of the 1st Airborne Division, he was informed that his company was to take part in an airborne warfare demonstration for the War Cabinet. He was also informed that C Company would be divided into four sections for the exercise, which was contrary to a plan Frost had devised for the exercise and confused him. It was only after Frost raised several objections with a more senior officer at headquarters that he was informed of the intended raid, after which the Major dropped his objections and turned his attention to training the company.<ref>Harclerode, pp. 208–209.</ref><br />
<br />
=== Training ===<br />
The company spent time on [[Salisbury Plain]] in [[Wiltshire]], and then travelled to [[Inveraray]] in Scotland where they underwent specialised training on [[Loch Fyne]], practising night embarkations on landing craft to prepare the company for evacuation by sea after raiding the radar installation. After this, the unit returned to Wiltshire and began carrying out practice parachute drops with the aircraft and aircrews of 51 Squadron.<br />
<br />
Despite the aircrews having no previous experience in dropping parachutists, these exercises proved to be successful.<ref name=Harclerode209>Harclerode, p. 209.</ref> The company's working-up was aided by the creation of a scale-model of the radar installation and the surrounding buildings being built by the [[Photographic Interpretation Unit]].<ref>Jones, p. 239.</ref> During this period, Major Frost was introduced to [[Commander#Royal Australian Navy|Commander]] [[F. N. Cook]] of the [[Royal Australian Navy]] who would be commanding the naval force intended to evacuate the company at the completion of the raid, as well as to the detachment of thirty-two officers and men from [[No. 12 Commando]] who would arrive in the landing craft and cover the company as it withdrew from the beach.<ref>Chappell, p. 27.</ref><ref name="Otway67">Otway, p. 67.</ref><br />
<br />
Frost also met RAF [[Flight Sergeant]] C.W.H. Cox, who had volunteered to accompany C Company for the operation; as an expert radio mechanic, it would be his job to locate the Würzburg radar set, photograph it, and dismantle part of it for transportation back to Britain.<ref>Millar, pp. 18–19.</ref> Derek Garrard of Jones' team asked Jones to obtain an Army uniform and identification number for Cox, as he would be the object of special attention from the Germans if he was captured in Air Force uniform, but the War Office were obdurate.<ref>Jones, p. 238.</ref><br />
<br />
Accompanying the strike force was a 10 man section of [[Royal Engineers]] of the 1st Air Troop led by Lt. Dennis Vernon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.paradata.org.uk/unit/1st-air-troop-re|title=1st Air Troop RE &#124; ParaData|website=www.paradata.org.uk}}</ref> Six of the sappers would dismantle the radar device whilst four sappers would plant [[anti-tank mine]]s to protect the force from counter attack.<br />
<br />
[[File:Würzburg.Radar.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.3|[[Würzburg]] radar of the type installed at Bruneval, folded for transport|alt=Wheeled radar looks like a circle cut down the middle forming two semi circles]]<br />
Information about the Bruneval radar installation was also gathered during this period, often with the help of the [[French Resistance]], without whom detailed knowledge of the disposition of the German forces guarding the installation would have been impossible. This information was gathered by [[Gilbert Renault]], known to the British by the code-name 'Rémy' and several members of his resistance network.<ref>Jones, pp. 236–237.</ref><br />
<br />
The installation was composed of two distinct areas; a villa approximately {{convert|100|yd|m}} from the edge of a cliff which contained the radar station itself, and an enclosure containing a number of smaller buildings which contained a small garrison. The Würzburg antenna was erected between the villa and the cliff.<ref name=Otway68>Otway, p. 68.</ref> The radar station was permanently manned by {{lang|de|Luftwaffe}} radar technicians and was surrounded by guard posts and approximately 30 guards; the buildings in the small enclosure housed about 100 German troops, including another detachment of technicians.<ref name=Harclerode210 /> A [[platoon]] of German infantry was stationed to the south in Bruneval, and was responsible for manning the defences guarding the evacuation beach; these included a [[strongpoint]] near the beach as well as [[Pillbox (military)|pillboxes]] and [[Defensive fighting position|machine gun nests]] on the top of the cliff overlooking the beach. The beach was not land mined and had only sporadic barbed-wire defences, but it was patrolled regularly; a mobile reserve of infantry was believed to be available at one hour's notice and stationed some distance inland.<ref name=Otway68 /><br />
<br />
Based on this information, Frost decided to divide the company into five groups of forty men for the raid, each named after a famous Royal Navy admiral: '[[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Nelson]]', '[[John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe|Jellicoe]]', '[[Sir Thomas Hardy, 1st Baronet|Hardy]]', '[[Francis Drake|Drake]]' and '[[George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney|Rodney]]'.<ref name=Harclerode209 /> 'Nelson' would clear and secure German positions defending the evacuation beach, whilst 'Jellicoe', 'Hardy' and 'Drake' would capture the radar site, villa and the enclosure. 'Rodney' was the reserve formation, placed between the radar site and the main likely enemy approach to block any counterattack.<ref>Harclerode, pp. 209–210.</ref><br />
<br />
It was considered that the combination of a full moon for visibility, and a rising tide to allow the landing craft to manoeuvre in shallow water, was vital for the success of the raid, which narrowed the possible dates to a four-day period between 24–27 February.<ref name=Harclerode209 /> On 23 February, a final rehearsal exercise took place, which proved to be a failure; despite ideal weather conditions, the evacuation landing craft grounded {{convert|60|yd|ft}} offshore and could not be shifted despite the efforts of the crews and troops.<ref name=Harclerode209 /><br />
<br />
== The raid ==<br />
[[File:Bruneval Wurtzburg 2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|The Würzburg radar array from another angle, showing the equipment in profile|alt=Aerial view of radar site]]<br />
The raid was postponed for several days after the 23 February rehearsal due to weather conditions, but on 27 February the weather proved to be ideal, with clear skies and good visibility for the aircraft of 51 Squadron, and a full moon which would provide illumination for the evacuation of the raiding force. The naval force under Commander Cook departed from Britain during the afternoon and the [[Armstrong Whitworth Whitley|Whitley]] transport aircraft carrying C Company took off from [[RAF Thruxton]] in the evening.<ref name="Otway67" /><br />
<br />
The aircraft crossed the English Channel without incident, but as they reached the French coast they came under heavy anti-aircraft fire; however, none of them were hit, and they successfully delivered C Company to the designated [[drop zone]] near the installation.<ref name=Harclerode210 /> The drop was an almost total success, with the majority of the raiding force landing on the edge of the drop zone; however, half of the 'Nelson' detachment landed two miles short of the DZ. Once the other detachments had gathered their equipment and oriented themselves, they moved off to undertake their arranged tasks.<ref name=Otway68 /><br />
<br />
'Jellicoe', 'Hardy and 'Drake' encountered no enemy opposition as they moved towards the villa housing the radar installation, and after surrounding the villa Frost gave the order to open fire with grenades and automatic fire. One German guard was killed as he returned fire from an upstairs window, and two more were taken prisoner by the airborne troops; upon interrogation, the prisoners revealed that the majority of the garrison were stationed further inland.<ref name=Harclerode212>Harclerode, p. 212.</ref> There still remained a substantial enemy force in the buildings in the small enclosure near the villa, and this now opened fire on the raiding force after being alerted by the initial firefight, killing one of the airborne troops.<ref name=Harclerode212 /><br />
<br />
The volume of fire rapidly increased, when enemy vehicles could be seen moving towards the villa from the nearby woods; this, in particular, worried Frost, as the radio sets the force had been issued failed to work, giving him no means of communication with his other detachments, including 'Nelson' who were tasked with clearing the evacuation beach. Flight Sergeant Cox and several [[sapper]]s arrived at this time and proceeded to dismantle the radar equipment, placing the pieces on specially designed trolleys.<ref>Otway, pp. 68–69.</ref><br />
<br />
Having secured the radar equipment and under heavy enemy fire, Major Frost gave the order for the three detachments to withdraw to the evacuation beach; it became apparent, however, that the beach had not been secured by the under-strength 'Nelson' detachment when a German machine gun opened fire on the airborne troops, severely wounding the [[company sergeant major]]. Frost ordered 'Rodney' and the available men of 'Nelson' to clear the defences, whilst he led the other three detachments back to the villa, which had been reoccupied by enemy troops.<ref name=Harclerode212 />. (see also chapter in 'Fighting Back' by Martin Sugarman on the role of German Jewish refugee Commando and Paratrooper Peter Nagel aka Newman, on the raid, and reference to the Yorks TV 1977 documentary film on the raid which includes interviews with Frost, Cox, Nagel and other survivors, and another film held by the [[Imperial War Museum|IWM]], London made in 1982)<br />
<br />
The villa was soon cleared of enemy troops once more, and when Frost returned to the beach, he found that the machine-gun nest had been destroyed by the mis-dropped troops of 'Nelson'; avoiding other enemy positions, they had reached the beach and attacked the machine-gun post from the flank.<ref>Harclerode, pp. 212–213.</ref> By this time it was 02:15 but there was no sign of the naval force that was to evacuate the airborne troops. Frost ordered 'Nelson' to guard the inland approaches to the beach and then fired off an emergency [[signal flare]]; soon after that, the naval force was seen approaching. The original plan for the operation had called for two landing craft at a time to land on the beach, but this had never been satisfactorily achieved during training; instead, all six landing craft landed at the same time, with the covering troops in the landing craft opening fire on German soldiers gathering at the top of the cliff.<ref name=Otway69>Otway, p. 69.</ref><br />
<br />
This deviation from the original evacuation plan and the enemy fire caused considerable confusion on the beach; some of the landing craft left the beach over-crowded, whilst others left half-empty. However, the radar equipment, German prisoners and all but six of the raiding force were embarked and transferred to motor gunboats for transport back to Britain. On the return journey, Frost learned that the naval force had received no signals apart from the signal flare, and had spent much of the time hiding from a German naval patrol that had nearly discovered them. The journey back to Britain was uneventful, with the force being escorted by four [[destroyer]]s and a flight of [[Supermarine Spitfire|Spitfires]].<ref name=Otway69 /><br />
<br />
The paratroopers lost two killed, eight wounded and six men who did not return to the boats. They were later taken prisoner by the Germans.<ref>Kronborg, p. 171.</ref> German reports were found after the war, which made the German loss as follows: the army: two killed, one seriously wounded, two missing. {{lang|de|Luftwaffe}}: three killed, one wounded, three missing.<ref>Kronborg, pp. 178–184.</ref> A member of the French resistance movement who had participated in the previous reconnaissance in Bruneval was subsequently captured and executed by the Germans. A Frenchman and his fiancée were deported to concentration camps in Germany for providing help to surviving British paratroopers in their attempt to return to the UK.<ref>Kronborg, p. 183.</ref><br />
<br />
== Aftermath ==<br />
The success of the raid against the Bruneval installation had two important effects. First, a successful raid against German-occupied territory was a welcome morale boost for the British public, and featured prominently in the British media for several weeks afterwards.<ref>Harclerode, p. 214.</ref> The British [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]], [[Winston Churchill]] took a personal interest in the operation, and on 3 March assembled the [[War Cabinet]] to hear from Major Frost and several other officers who had participated in it. Several medals were awarded as a result.<br />
<br />
On 15 May 1942 a special supplement to the ''[[London Gazette]]'' carried the announcement of 19 decorations; Frost was awarded the [[Military Cross]] (MC), Cook the [[Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Service Cross]] (DSC) and Cox the [[Military Medal]] (MM); there were two other DSCs, two [[Distinguished Service Medal (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Service Medals]] (DSM), one other MC, two further MMs and nine [[Mentioned in Despatches|Mentions in Despatches]] (MiD).<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35558 |supp=y|pages=2111–2112|date=15 May 1942}}</ref> Wing Commander Pickard was also subsequently awarded a [[Medal bar|bar]] to his [[Distinguished Service Order]], on 26 May.<ref>Otway, p. 70.</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35574 |supp=y|page=2289|date=22 May 1942}}</ref> The success of the raid also prompted the [[War Office]] to expand the existing British airborne forces, setting up the Airborne Forces Depot and Battle School in [[Derbyshire]] in April 1942, and creating the [[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)|Parachute Regiment]] as well as converting a number of infantry battalions to airborne battalions in August 1942.<ref>Harclerode, p. 218.</ref><br />
<br />
The second and most important result of the raid was the technical knowledge that British scientists gained. Examination of the components of the radar array showed that it was of a [[modular design]] that aided maintenance and made fixing faults far simpler than on similar British radar models. This was confirmed during the interrogation of the captured German technician, who proved to be less well trained than his British counterparts.<ref>Bodanis, p. 142.</ref><ref>Jones, p. 244.</ref><br />
<br />
Examination of the radar array also allowed British scientists to conclude that they would have to deploy a countermeasure that had recently been developed, code-named [[Chaff (countermeasure)#Second World War|Window]]. Examination of the Würzburg array showed that it was impervious to being jammed by conventional means used by the British during the early years of the conflict; thus Window would have to be deployed against German radars.<ref>Millar, p. 191.</ref> The effectiveness of Window against Würzburg radar arrays was confirmed by a raid conducted by RAF Bomber Command on 24 July 1943 against [[Hamburg]] ([[Operation Gomorrah]]); the bombers used Window, all of the radar arrays in Hamburg were blinded and their operators confused, unable to distinguish between the radar signature of a real bomber and several pieces of Window giving off a similar signature.<ref>Johnson, p. 116.</ref><ref>Millar, p. 195.</ref><br />
<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Aftermath<br />
|align=center<br />
|File:Wing Commander Percy Pickard, CO of No. 51 Squadron RAF, inspects a captured German helmet with troops from 2nd Parachute Battalion after the Bruneval raid, 28 February 1942. H17347.jpg|Pickard examines a German helmet taken after the raid<br />
|File:Operation Biting Memorial.jpg|''Biting'' memorial at Bruneval<br />
|File:Flak aiming system-20764-IMG 7563-gradient.jpg|[[Flak]] pointing system captured at Bruneval and now on display at the [[Musée de l'Armée]] in Paris<br />
}}<br />
An unexpected bonus of the Bruneval raid was the Germans' efforts to improve defences at Würzburg stations and prevent similar attacks. The radars were surrounded by rings of barbed wire which increased their visibility from the air, making them easier to attack prior to [[Operation Overlord]].<ref>Millar, p. 190.</ref> The [[Telecommunications Research Establishment]], where much of the Bruneval equipment was analysed and where British radar systems were designed and tested, was moved further inland from [[Swanage]] on the southern coast of England to [[Malvern, Worcestershire|Malvern]], to ensure that it would not become the target of a reprisal raid by German airborne forces.<ref>Jones, p. 247.</ref> The original model of the area around the radar station, used to brief troops taking part in the assault, is preserved in the [[Parachute Regiment and Airborne Forces Museum]], at the [[Imperial War Museum Duxford]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armymuseums.org.uk/museums/0000000009-Airborne-Assault-Museum-of-the-Parachute-Regiment-and-Airborne-Forces.htm |title=Airborne Assault, Museum of the Parachute Regiment and Airborne Forces|publisher=Army Museums Ogilby Trust|access-date=27 August 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Radar in World War II]]<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{Reflist|20em}}<br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
* {{cite book|last=Bodanis|first=David|title=Electric Universe|publisher=Crown|year=2001|isbn=1400045509|url=https://archive.org/details/electricuniverse00boda}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Chappell|first=Mike|title=Army Commandos 1940–1945|year=1996|series=Elite Series # 64|publisher=Osprey Publishing|location=London|isbn=1855325799}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Cornwell|first=John|title=Hitler's Scientists: Science, War and the Devil's Pact|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780142004807|url-access=registration|publisher=Penguin Books|year=2004|isbn=0140296867}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Frost|first=John|title=A Drop Too Many|author-link=John Dutton Frost|publisher=Cassell|year=1980|isbn=0850529271}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Harclerode|first=Peter|title=Wings Of War&nbsp;– Airborne Warfare 1918–1945|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0304367303}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Johnson|first=Brian|title=The Secret War|publisher=BBC|year=1978|isbn=0563174250|url=https://archive.org/details/secretwar0000john}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Jones|first=R.V.|title=Most Secret War: British Scientific Intelligence, 1939–1945|author-link=Reginald Victor Jones|publisher=Hamish Hamilton|year=1978|isbn=0241897467|url=https://archive.org/details/mostsecretwar0000jone}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Millar|first=George|title=The Bruneval Raid|author-link=George Millar (writer)|publisher=Doubleday & Company, Inc|year=1975|isbn=0385095422|url=https://archive.org/details/brunevalraidflas00mill}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Otway|first=Terence|title=The Second World War 1939–1945 Army&nbsp;– Airborne Forces|author-link=Terence Otway|publisher=[[Imperial War Museum]]|year=1990|isbn=0901627577}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Kronborg|first=Ove C.|title=De stjal Hitlers hemmelighed|language=da|publisher=Forlaget Als|year=2017|isbn=9788799675494}}<br />
<br />
{{British Commando raids of the Second World War}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{Good article}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Biting, Operation}}<br />
[[Category:1942 in France]]<br />
[[Category:Airborne operations of World War II]]<br />
[[Category:Conflicts in 1942]]<br />
[[Category:February 1942 events]]<br />
[[Category:History of telecommunications in France]]<br />
[[Category:Radar]]<br />
[[Category:Technical intelligence during World War II]]<br />
[[Category:Telecommunications in World War II]]<br />
[[Category:World War II British Commando raids]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Attenborough&diff=1135051600Richard Attenborough2023-01-22T09:34:50Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1135051145 by Peter Philim (talk) Sorry, my mistake. Should have said that a Barony outweighs a Knighthood. ou don't mention the knighthood if you've mentioned them being a Baron</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|English actor and filmmaker (1923–2014)}}<br />
{{pp-move-indef}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=June 2011}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]<br />
| name = The Lord Attenborough<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE|FRSA}}<br />
| image = RichardAttenborough07TIFF.jpg<br />
| caption = Attenborough at the [[2007 Toronto International Film Festival|2007 TIFF]]<br />
| birth_name = Richard Samuel Attenborough<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1923|8|29}}<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2014|8|24|1923|8|29}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Cambridge]], England<br />
| death_place = {{nowrap|[[Northwood, London]], England}}<br />
| resting_place = [[St Mary Magdalene, Richmond]], London<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Sheila Sim]]|22 January 1945|<!--2014 omitted per instructions on Template:Marriage- when marriage ends on death of subject rather than subject's spouse-->}}<br />
| children = {{hlist|[[Michael Attenborough|Michael]]|[[Jane Attenborough|Jane]]|[[Charlotte Attenborough|Charlotte]]}}<br />
| father = [[Frederick Attenborough]]<br />
| mother = {{#ifexist:Mary Attenborough|[[Mary Attenborough|Mary Clegg]]}}<br />
| relatives = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[David Attenborough]] (brother)<br />
* [[John Attenborough]] (brother)<br />
* [[Gerald Sim]] (brother-in-law)<br />
* [[Tom Attenborough]] (grandson)<br />
* [[Will Attenborough]] (grandson)<br />
}}<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|filmmaker|entrepreneur}}<br />
| party = [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]<br />
| module = {{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes<br />
| office = [[Member of the House of Lords]]<br />
| status = [[Lords Temporal|Lord Temporal]]<br />
| term_start = 30 July 1993<br />
| term_end = 24 August 2014<br />
| term_label = [[Life peer]]age}}<br />
| module2 = {{Infobox military person |embed=yes<br />
| allegiance = United Kingdom<br />
| branch = [[Royal Air Force]]<br />
| serviceyears = 1940–1945<br />
| unit = [[Royal Air Force Film Production Unit|Film Production Unit]]<br />
| rank = [[Sergeant]]<br />
| battles = [[Second World War]]}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Richard Samuel Attenborough, Baron Attenborough''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|CBE|FRSA}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|t|ən|b|ər|ə}}; 29 August 1923{{spaced ndash}}24 August 2014) was an English actor, filmmaker, and entrepreneur. He was the president of the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] (RADA) and the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] (BAFTA), as well as the life president of [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea FC]]. He joined the [[Royal Air Force]] during the [[Second World War]] and served in the film unit, going on several bombing raids over Europe and filming the action from the rear gunner's position. He was the older brother of broadcaster Sir [[David Attenborough]] and motor executive [[John Attenborough]]. He was married to actress [[Sheila Sim]] from 1945 until his death.<br />
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As an actor, he is best remembered for his film roles in ''[[Brighton Rock (1948 film)|Brighton Rock]]'' (1948), ''[[I'm All Right Jack]]'' (1959), ''[[The Great Escape (film)|The Great Escape]]'' (1963), ''[[The Sand Pebbles (film)|The Sand Pebbles]]'' (1966), ''[[Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)|Doctor Dolittle]]'' (1967), ''[[10 Rillington Place]]'' (1971), ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'' (1993), and ''[[Miracle on 34th Street (1994 film)|Miracle on 34th Street]]'' (1994). In 1952 he appeared on the [[West End theatre|West End stage]], originating the role of Detective Sergeant Trotter in [[Agatha Christie]]'s ''[[The Mousetrap]]'' which has since become the world's longest-running play.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Mousetrap at 60: why is this the world's longest-running play? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2012/nov/20/mousetrap-60-years-agatha-christie |access-date=20 July 2022 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><br />
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For his directorial debut, 1969's ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]'', Attenborough was nominated for the [[BAFTA Award for Best Direction]], and he was nominated for his films ''[[Young Winston]]'', ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'', and ''[[Cry Freedom]]''. He won two [[Academy Awards]] for ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' in 1983: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]]. The [[British Film Institute|BFI]] ranked ''Gandhi'' the [[BFI Top 100 British films|34th greatest British film of the 20th century]]. Attenborough also won four [[British Academy Film Awards|BAFTA Awards]], four [[Golden Globe Awards]], and the 1983 [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Attenborough was born on 29 August 1923<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1398450/Richard-Attenborough|title=Richard Attenborough|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|Encyclopædia Britannica]]|date=9 November 2013|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> in [[Cambridge]], the eldest of three sons of Mary Attenborough (née Clegg), a founding member of the [[Marriage Guidance Council]], and [[Frederick Attenborough|Frederick Levi Attenborough]], a scholar and academic administrator who was a fellow at [[Emmanuel College, Cambridge]], and wrote a standard text on [[Anglo-Saxon law]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/38/Richard-Attenborough.html|title=Richard Attenborough profile at|publisher=Filmreference.com|access-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.movies.yahoo.com/person/richard-attenborough/biography.html|title=Richard Attenborough biography|publisher=Yahoo!|access-date=8 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508224805/https://uk.movies.yahoo.com/person/richard-attenborough/biography.html|archive-date=8 May 2014}}</ref> Attenborough was educated at [[Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys]] in [[Leicester]] and studied at [[RADA]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Attenborough, Baron cr 1993 (Life Peer), of Richmond upon Thames, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, (Richard Samuel Attenborough) (29 Aug. 1923–24 Aug. 2014)|url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-5972|access-date=29 August 2021|website=WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO|year=2007|language=en|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U5972|isbn=978-0-19-954089-1}}</ref><br />
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In September 1939, while Frederick Attenborough was Principal of [[University College, Leicester]] (1932–1951), the Attenboroughs took in two German [[Kindertransport|Jewish refugee]] girls, Helga and Irene Bejach (aged 9 and 11 respectively), who lived with them in College House and were adopted by the family after the war when it was discovered that their parents had been killed.<ref>{{cite news|author= Elgott, Jessica |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/the-children-britain-took-to-its-heart-1.8535?highlight=attenborough |title=The children Britain took to its heart |work=[[The Jewish Chronicle]]|date=2 April 2009 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> The sisters moved to the United States in the 1950s and lived with an uncle, where they married and took American citizenship; Irene died in 1992 and Helga in 2005.<ref>''Entirely Up To You, Darling'' by Diana Hawkins & Richard Attenborough; pp. 29–30; paperback; Arrow Books; published 2009; {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}</ref><br />
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During the Second World War, Attenborough served in the [[Royal Air Force]]. After initial pilot training he was seconded to the newly formed [[Royal Air Force Film Production Unit]] at [[Pinewood Studios]], under the command of Flight Lieutenant [[John Boulting]] (whose brother [[Peter Cotes]] later directed Attenborough in the play ''[[The Mousetrap]]'') where he appeared with [[Edward G. Robinson]] in the propaganda film ''[[Journey Together]]'' (1945). He then volunteered to fly with the Film Unit and after further training, where he sustained permanent ear damage, qualified as a sergeant, flying on several operations over Europe filming from the rear gunner's position to record the outcome of [[RAF Bomber Command]] sorties.<ref>''Entirely Up To You, Darling'' by Diana Hawkins & Richard Attenborough; pp. 88–95; paperback; Arrow Books; published 2009; {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Acting career==<br />
Attenborough's acting career started on stage and he appeared in shows at Leicester's [[Little Theatre (Leicester)|Little Theatre]], Dover Street, prior to his going to [[RADA]], where he remained Patron until his death. Attenborough's first major credited role was provided in [[Brian Desmond Hurst]]'s ''[[The Hundred Pound Window]]'' (1944) playing Tommy Draper who helps rescue his accountant father who has taken a wrong turn in life. Attenborough's film career had begun in 1942, however, in an uncredited role as a sailor deserting his post under fire in the [[Noël Coward]]/[[David Lean]] production ''[[In Which We Serve]]'' (his name and character were omitted from the original release-print credits), a role that helped type-cast him for many years as a [[spiv]] in films like ''[[London Belongs to Me]]'' (1948), ''[[Morning Departure]]'' (1950) and his breakthrough role as [[Pinkie Brown]] in [[John Boulting]]'s film adaptation of [[Graham Greene]]'s novel ''[[Brighton Rock (1947 film)|Brighton Rock]]'' (1947), a role that he had previously played to great acclaim at the [[Garrick Theatre]] in 1943. He played the lead at age 22 as an RAF cadet pilot in ''[[Journey Together]]'' (1945), in which top-billed [[Edward G. Robinson]] played his instructor. <br />
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In 1949, exhibitors voted him the sixth most popular British actor at the box office.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2759831 |title=Bob Hope Takes Lead from Bing in Popularity. |newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]] (ACT: 1926–1954) |location=ACT |date=31 December 1949 |access-date=27 April 2012 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><br />
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Early in his stage career, Attenborough starred in the [[West End theatre|West End]] production of [[Agatha Christie]]'s ''[[The Mousetrap]]'', which went on to become the world's longest running stage production. Both he and his wife were among the original cast members of the production, which opened in 1952 at the [[Ambassadors Theatre (London)|Ambassadors Theatre]], moving to [[St Martin's Theatre]] in 1974; the production ran continuously for nearly seven decades, until it was shut down by the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic]] in 2020. The Attenboroughs took a 10 per cent profit-participation in the production, which was paid for out of their combined weekly salary; Attenborough later wrote in his autobiography, "It proved to be the wisest business decision I've ever made... but foolishly I sold some of my share to open a short-lived Mayfair restaurant called 'The Little Elephant' and later still, disposed of the remainder in order to keep ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' afloat."<ref>''Entirely Up To You, Darling'' by Diana Hawkins & Richard Attenborough; page 180; paperback; Arrow Books; published 2009; {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of the 1950s Attenborough featured on radio on the [[BBC Light Programme]] introducing records.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/656f9afff7134c55a271f709472f2248|title=Richard Attenborough's RECORD RENDEZVOUS|journal=Radio Times|date=1 April 1950|issue=1380|pages=41|via=BBC Genome}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Richard Attenborough - 1965.jpg|thumb|upright|in ''Flight of the Phoenix'' (1965)]]<br />
Attenborough worked prolifically in British films for the next 30 years, including in the 1950s, appearing in several successful comedies for [[Boulting brothers|John and Roy Boulting]], such as ''[[Private's Progress]]'' (1956) and ''[[I'm All Right Jack]]'' (1959).<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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In 1963, he appeared alongside [[Steve McQueen]] and [[James Garner]] in ''[[The Great Escape (film)|The Great Escape]]'' as RAF Squadron Leader Roger Bartlett ("Big X"), the head of the escape committee, based on the real-life exploits of [[Roger Bushell]]. It was his first appearance in a major Hollywood film blockbuster and his most successful film thus far.<ref name="imdb" /> During the 1960s, he expanded his range of character roles in films such as ''[[Séance on a Wet Afternoon]]'' (1964) and ''[[Guns at Batasi]]'' (1964), for which he won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor]] for his portrayal of [[Regimental Sergeant Major]] Lauderdale. In 1965 he played Lew Moran opposite [[James Stewart]] in ''[[The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film)|The Flight of the Phoenix]]''. In 1967 and 1968, he won back-to-back [[Golden Globe Awards]] in the category of [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actor]], the first time for ''[[The Sand Pebbles (film)|The Sand Pebbles]]'', again co-starring Steve McQueen, and the second time for ''[[Doctor Dolittle (film)|Doctor Dolittle]]'' starring [[Rex Harrison]].<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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His portrayal of the [[serial killer]] [[John Christie (murderer)|John Christie]] in ''[[10 Rillington Place]]'' (1971) garnered excellent reviews. In 1977, he played the ruthless [[Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet|General Outram]], again to great acclaim, in the Indian director [[Satyajit Ray]]'s period piece ''[[Shatranj Ke Khilari|The Chess Players]]''.<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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He took no acting roles following his appearance in [[Otto Preminger]]'s version of ''[[The Human Factor (1979 film)|The Human Factor]]'' (1979) until his appearance as John Hammond in [[Steven Spielberg]]'s ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'' (1993) and the film's sequel, ''[[The Lost World: Jurassic Park]]'' (1997). He starred in the remake of ''[[Miracle on 34th Street (1994 film)|Miracle on 34th Street]]'' (1994) as [[Santa Claus|Kris Kringle]]. Later he made occasional appearances in supporting roles, including as [[William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley|Sir William Cecil]] in the historical drama ''[[Elizabeth (film)|Elizabeth]]'' (1998), Jacob in ''[[Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (film)|Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat]]'' and as "The Narrator" in the [[Puckoon#Film|film adaptation]] of [[Spike Milligan]]'s comedy book ''[[Puckoon]]'' (2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2002/jul/23/artsfeatures |location=London, UK |work=The Guardian |first=Bob |last=Flynn |title=Arts: Filming Spike Milligan's Puckoon |date=2 August 2002}}</ref><br />
<br />
He made his only appearance in a film adaptation of [[Shakespeare]] when he played the English ambassador who announces that [[Rosencrantz and Guildenstern]] are dead at the end of [[Kenneth Branagh]]'s ''[[Hamlet (1996 film)|Hamlet]]'' (1996).<ref name="imdb" /><br />
<br />
==Producer and director==<br />
In the late 1950s, Attenborough formed a production company, Beaver Films, with [[Bryan Forbes]] and began to build a profile as a producer on projects including ''[[The League of Gentlemen (film)|The League of Gentlemen]]'' (1959), ''[[The Angry Silence]]'' (1960) and ''[[Whistle Down the Wind (film)|Whistle Down the Wind]]'' (1961), appearing in the cast of the first two films.<ref name="imdb" /> His performance in ''The Angry Silence'' earned him his first nomination for a BAFTA. ''Séance on a Wet Afternoon'' won him his first BAFTA award.<br />
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His feature film directorial debut was the all-star screen version of the hit musical ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]'' (1969), after which his acting appearances became sporadic as he concentrated more on directing and producing. He later directed two epic period films: ''[[Young Winston]]'' (1972), based on the early life of [[Winston Churchill]], and ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' (1977), an all-star account of Second World War [[Operation Market Garden]].<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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He won the 1982 [[Academy Award for Best Director]] for his historical epic ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'', and as the film's producer, the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]; the same film garnered two [[Golden Globes]], this time for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]] and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Film]], in 1983. He had been attempting to get the project made for 18 years.<ref name="imdb" /> He directed [[A Chorus Line (film)|the screen version]] of the musical ''[[A Chorus Line]]'' (1985) and the [[Internal resistance to apartheid|anti-apartheid]] drama ''[[Cry Freedom]]'' (1987). He was nominated for a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director]] for both films.<ref name="imdb">{{IMDb name|0000277}}</ref> The success of the latter film prompted Attenborough to sign a contract with [[Universal Pictures]] to produce and direct films over the next five years, set to produce three films for the studio, and timetable calls would be set up by January and the first production was slated for release by 1989.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 November 1987 |title=U Extends Contract With Attenborough As 'Freedom' Bows |pages=4, 23 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref><br />
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His later films as director and producer include ''[[Chaplin (film)|Chaplin]]'' (1992) starring [[Robert Downey Jr.]], as [[Charlie Chaplin]] and ''[[Shadowlands (1993 film)|Shadowlands]]'' (1993), based on the relationship between [[C. S. Lewis]] and [[Joy Davidman|Joy Gresham]] ([[C. S. Lewis]] was portrayed by [[Anthony Hopkins]], who had appeared in four previous films for Attenborough: ''Young Winston'', ''A Bridge Too Far'', ''[[Magic (1978 film)|Magic]]'' and ''Chaplin'').<br />
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Between 2006 and 2007, he spent time in [[Belfast]], working on his last film as director and producer, ''[[Closing the Ring]]'', a love story set in Belfast during the Second World War, and starring [[Shirley MacLaine]], [[Christopher Plummer]] and [[Pete Postlethwaite]].<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i66abf6954df1d43ff4b99604a6253a3c Works nabs U.K. rights to ''Closing The Ring''] from ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]''</ref><br />
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Despite maintaining an acting career alongside his directorial roles, Attenborough never directed himself (save for an uncredited cameo appearance in ''A Bridge Too Far'').<ref name="IMDb_cast">{{cite web |title=A Bridge Too Far - Full Cast & Crew |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0075784/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast |publisher=IMDb |year=1977}}</ref><br />
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==Later projects==<br />
[[File:Richard Attenborough 1975.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Attenborough in 1975]]<br />
After 33 years of dedicated service as President of the [[Muscular Dystrophy]] campaign, Attenborough became the charity's Honorary Life President in 2004. In 2012, the charity, which leads the fight against muscle-wasting conditions in the UK, established the Richard Attenborough Fellowship Fund to honour his lifelong commitment to the charity, and to ensure the future of clinical research and training at leading UK neuromuscular centres.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.muscular-dystrophy.org/waystodonate/fund_a_scientist/richard_attenborough_fellowship_fund|title=Richard Attenborough Fellowship Fund|publisher=Muscular-dystrophy.org|access-date=24 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105051506/http://www.muscular-dystrophy.org/waystodonate/fund_a_scientist/richard_attenborough_fellowship_fund|archive-date=5 November 2014}}</ref><br />
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Attenborough was also the patron of the [[United World Colleges]] movement, whereby he contributed to the colleges that are part of the organisation. He was a frequent visitor to the [[Waterford Kamhlaba]] [[United World Colleges|United World College]] of Southern Africa (UWCSA). With his wife, they founded the Richard and Sheila Attenborough Visual Arts Centre. He founded the Jane Holland Creative Centre for Learning at Waterford Kamhlaba in [[Swaziland]] in memory of his daughter who died in the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake|tsunami on 26 December 2004]].<ref name="bio"/><br />
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He was a longtime advocate of education that does not judge upon colour, race, creed or religion. His attachment to Waterford was his passion for non-racial education, which were the grounds on which Waterford Kamhlaba was founded. Waterford was one of his inspirations for directing the film ''[[Cry Freedom]]'', based on the life of [[Steve Biko]].<ref name="bio">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000277/bio|title=Richard Attenborough. Biography|publisher=IMDb|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0092804/trivia?ref_=tt_ql_2|title=Cry Freedom (1987). Trivia|publisher=IMDb|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=August 2014}}<br />
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He founded [[Attenborough Arts Centre|The Richard Attenborough Arts Centre]] on the Leicester University campus in 1997, specifically designed to provide access for the disabled, in particular as practitioners.<ref name="Le">{{cite web |url=https://www2.le.ac.uk/hosted/attenborougharts/about|title=Our Vision|website=The University of Leicester. Attenborough Arts Centre|date=8 June 2018|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://disabilityarts.online/directory/embrace-arts/|title=Attenborough Arts Centre|website=Disability Arts Online/|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}<br />
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He was elected to the post of [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] of the [[University of Sussex]] on 20 March 1998, replacing [[Charles Gordon-Lennox, 10th Duke of Richmond|The Duke of Richmond and Gordon]]. He stood down as Chancellor of the university following graduation in July 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theargus.co.uk/search/2235631.Lord_Attenborough_steps_down_as_Sussex_University_chancellor_|title=Lord Attenborough steps down as Sussex University chancellor|first=Richard|last=Gurner|work=The Argus|location=Brighton, UK|access-date=5 June 2011|archive-date=15 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115234123/https://www.theargus.co.uk/search/2235631.Lord_Attenborough_steps_down_as_Sussex_University_chancellor_/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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A lifelong supporter of [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea Football Club]], Attenborough served as a director of the club from 1969 to 1982 and between 1993 and 2008 held the honorary position of Life Vice President. On 30 November 2008 he was honoured with the title of Life President at the club's stadium, [[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|Stamford Bridge]].<br />
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He was also head of the consortium [[Dragon International Film Studios]], which was constructing a film and television studio complex in [[Llanilid]], Wales, nicknamed "Valleywood". In March 2008, the project was placed into administration with debts of £15&nbsp;million and was considered for sale of the assets in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-12632138|work=BBC News|title=Valleywood film studios faces possible sell-off|date=3 March 2011}}</ref> A mooted long-term lease to [[Fox 21 Television Studios|Fox 21]] fell through in 2015, though the facilities continue to be used for filmmaking.<ref>Daniels, Nia. [http://www.theknowledgeonline.com/the-knowledge-bulletin/post/2016/07/13/william-shakespeare-heads-to-wales William Shakespeare heads to Wales] at theknowledgeonline.com, 13 July 2016.</ref><br />
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He had a lifelong ambition to make a film about his hero the political theorist and revolutionary [[Thomas Paine]], whom he called "one of the finest men that ever lived". He said in an interview in 2006 that "I could understand him. He wrote in simple English. I found all his aspirations – the rights of women, the health service, universal education... Everything you can think of that we want is in ''[[Rights of Man]]'' or ''[[The Age of Reason]]'' or ''[[Common Sense (pamphlet)|Common Sense]]''."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/sep/06/tsunami2004.worldcinema|title=Richard Attenborough on laughter, levity and the loss of his daughter|work=The Guardian|location=London, UK|first=Simon|last=Hattenstone|date=6 September 2008|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2009/09/pain-s18.html|title=A New World: A Life of Thomas Paine by Trevor Griffiths|work=World Socialist Website|author=Ann Talbot|date=18 September 2009|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.patheos.com/blogs/filmchat/2008/06/flashback-sir-richard-attenborough-the-grey-owl-interview.html|title=Flashback: Sir Richard Attenborough, the Grey Owl interview|work=Patheos|author=Peter T. Chattaway|date=11 June 2008|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> He could not secure the funding to do so.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/norfolk/3133896.stm|title=Reformer may be captured on film|work=BBC News|date=23 September 2003|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> The website "A Gift for Dickie" was launched by two filmmakers from Luton in June 2008 with the aim of raising £40m in 400 days to help him make the film, but the target was not met and the money that had been raised was refunded.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bedfordtoday.co.uk/news/local/dickie-attenborough-gets-help-from-luton-film-makers-1-1029819|title=Dickie Attenborough gets help from Luton film makers|work=Bedford Today|date=10 June 2008|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.directorsnotes.com/2008/05/05/a-gift-for-dickie|title=A Gift for Dickie|work=Directors Notes|date=5 May 2008|access-date=24 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114234/http://www.directorsnotes.com/2008/05/05/a-gift-for-dickie/|archive-date=26 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Sir Richard Attenborough.jpg|thumb|300px|Lord Attenborough during his term as Chancellor of the [[University of Sussex]], February 2006]]<br />
Attenborough's father was the principal of [[University of Leicester|University College, Leicester]], now the city's university. This resulted in a long association with the university, with Attenborough becoming a patron. The university's Embrace Arts at the RA centre,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.embracearts.co.uk|title=Index – University of Leicester|publisher=Embracearts.co.uk|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> which opened in 1997 is named in his honour. He had two younger brothers: naturalist and broadcaster [[David Attenborough|David]] and [[car dealership|motor trade]] executive [[John Attenborough|John]].<br />
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Attenborough married actress [[Sheila Sim]] in [[Kensington]] on 22 January 1945.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=QmqnRs8Yh2bf6pa71nmD1g&scan=1|title=Index entry|access-date=29 December 2017|work=FreeBMD|publisher=ONS}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Lady Attenborough – obituary |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/12112947/Lady-Attenborough-obituary.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/12112947/Lady-Attenborough-obituary.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London, UK |date=21 January 2016 |access-date=29 December 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> From 1949 until October 2012, they lived in [[Old Friars]] on [[Richmond Green]] in London.<br />
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In the 1940s, he was asked to 'improve his physical condition' for his role as Pinkie in ''Brighton Rock''. He trained with [[Chelsea Football Club]] for a fortnight, subsequently becoming good friends with those at the club. He went on to become a director during the 1970s, helping to prevent the club losing its [[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|home ground]] by holding onto his club shares and donating them, worth over £950,000, to Chelsea. In 2008, Attenborough was appointed [[Chelsea F.C.#Club personnel|Life President of Chelsea Football Club]].<ref>[http://www.chelseafc.com/news/latest-news/2014/08/lord-attenborough-1923-2014.html News: Chelsea Football Club], Chelsea F.C., August 2014.</ref><br />
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On 26 December 2004, the couple's elder daughter, [[Jane Attenborough|Jane Holland]] (30 September 1955 – 26 December 2004), along with her mother-in-law, Audrey Holland, and Attenborough's 15-year-old granddaughter, Lucy, were killed when a tsunami caused by the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|Indian Ocean earthquake]] struck [[Khao Lak]], Thailand, where they were on holiday.<ref name=Telg1479972>{{cite news|last=Born|first=Matt|title=Triple tragedy hits Attenborough family|url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/1479972/Triple-tragedy-hits-Attenborough-family.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/1479972/Triple-tragedy-hits-Attenborough-family.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=13 June 2016|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=29 December 2004|location=London, UK}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4145219.stm|title=Attenborough family's fatal tsunami decision|work=[[BBC News]]|date=18 December 2005|access-date=9 November 2016}}</ref><ref name=GuardJaneObit>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/08/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries|title=Obituary: Jane Attenborough|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=8 April 2005|access-date=9 November 2016}}</ref><br />
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A service was held on 8 March 2005 and Attenborough read a lesson at the national memorial service on 11 May 2005. His grandson Samuel Holland, who survived the tsunami uninjured, and granddaughter Alice Holland, who suffered severe leg injuries, also read in the service.<ref name=GuardJaneObit/> A commemorative plaque was placed in the floor of St Mary Magdalene's parish church in [[Richmond, London|Richmond]]. Attenborough later described the Boxing Day of 2004 as "the worst day of my life". Attenborough had two other children, [[Michael Attenborough|Michael]] (born 13 February 1950) and [[Charlotte Attenborough|Charlotte]] (born 29 June 1959). Michael is a theatre director formerly the Deputy Artistic Director of the RSC and [[artistic director]] of the [[Almeida Theatre]] in London and has been married to actress Karen Lewis since 1984; they have two sons, Tom and [[Will Attenborough|Will]]. Charlotte, an actress, married Graham Sinclair in 1993 and has two children.<ref name=Telg1479972/><br />
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He publicly endorsed the Labour Party in the 2005 General Election, despite his opposition to the [[Iraq War]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/apr/26/election2005.labour Richard Attenborough endorses Labour in 2005 General Election], ''The Guardian'', 26 April 2005.</ref><br />
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Attenborough collected [[Picasso]] [[ceramic art|ceramics]] from the 1950s. More than 100 items went on display at the [[New Walk Museum]] and Art Gallery in Leicester in 2007, in an exhibition dedicated to family members lost in the tsunami.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/article1808736.ece|title=Richard Attenborough's Picasso ceramics|work=The Times|access-date=3 September 2011|location=London, UK|first=Greg|last=Hurst}}</ref><br />
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In 2008, he published an informal autobiography entitled ''Entirely Up to You, Darling'' in association with his colleague Diana Hawkins.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Entirely Up to You, Darling by Richard Attenborough |url=https://www.penguin.com.au/books/entirely-up-to-you-darling-9780099503040 |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=www.penguin.com.au |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hawkins|first=Diana|title=Entirely Up to You, Darling|publisher=Arrow|year=2009|isbn=978-0099503040|location=London|pages=336}}</ref><br />
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===Illness and death===<br />
[[File:St Mary Magdalene's, Richmond, Richard Attenborough memorial.jpg|thumb|upright|Markers for the graves of Richard Attenborough, [[Sheila Sim]], their daughter [[Jane Attenborough|Jane Holland]] and their granddaughter, Lucy, at [[St Mary Magdalene, Richmond]].]]<br />
In August 2008, Attenborough entered hospital with heart problems and was fitted with a [[Artificial cardiac pacemaker|pacemaker]]. In December 2008, he suffered a fall at his home after a stroke<ref name=Telg9954199/> and was admitted to [[St George's Hospital]], [[Tooting]], South West London. In November 2009, Attenborough, in what he called a "house clearance" sale, sold part of his extensive art collection, which included works by [[L. S. Lowry]], [[Christopher R. W. Nevinson]] and [[Graham Sutherland]], generating £4.6&nbsp;million at [[Sotheby's]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Adams|first=Stephen|title=Lord Attenborough's picture sale makes £4.6m at Sotheby's|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/6546233/Lord-Attenboroughs-picture-sale-makes-4.6m-at-Sothebys.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/6546233/Lord-Attenboroughs-picture-sale-makes-4.6m-at-Sothebys.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London, UK|date=11 November 2009}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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In January 2011, he sold his [[Rhubodach]] estate on the Scottish [[Isle of Bute]] for £1.48&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite news|last=Johnson|first=Simon|title=Richard Attenborough seeks compensation after he is forced to sell Scottish estate at knock-down price|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/8276933/Richard-Attenborough-seeks-compensation-after-he-is-forced-to-sell-Scottish-estate-at-knock-down-price.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/8276933/Richard-Attenborough-seeks-compensation-after-he-is-forced-to-sell-Scottish-estate-at-knock-down-price.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London, UK|date=23 January 2011|access-date=25 August 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In May 2011, David Attenborough said his brother had been confined to a wheelchair since his stroke in 2008,<ref name=Telg9954199 /> but was still capable of holding a conversation. He added that "he won't be making any more films."<ref name=Telg8507673>{{cite news|last=Walker|first=Tim|title=Lord Attenborough takes a final bow|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/8507673/Lord-Attenborough-takes-a-final-bow.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/8507673/Lord-Attenborough-takes-a-final-bow.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=5 June 2011|date=12 May 2011|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London, UK}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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In June 2012, shortly before her 90th birthday, [[Sheila Sim]] entered the professional actors' retirement home [[Denville Hall]], in [[Northwood, London|Northwood]], London, for which she and Attenborough had helped raise funds. In October 2012, it was announced that Attenborough was putting the family home, Old Friars, with its attached offices, Beaver Lodge, which came complete with a sound-proofed cinema in the garden, on the market for £11.5&nbsp;million. His brother David stated: "He and his wife both loved the house, but they now need full-time care.<ref name=Telg9430222>{{cite news|title=Lord Attenborough's family rally round as Sheila Sim is hit by illness|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9430222/Lord-Attenboroughs-family-rally-round-as-Sheila-Sim-is-hit-by-illness.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9430222/Lord-Attenboroughs-family-rally-round-as-Sheila-Sim-is-hit-by-illness.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=27 July 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref> It simply isn't practical to keep the house on any more."<ref>Walker, Tim. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/starsandstories/9639303/Lord-Attenborough-gives-up-an-11.5-million-love-affair.html "Lord Attenborough gives up an £11.5 million love affair"], ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (London), 29 October 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2012.</ref> In December 2012, in light of his deteriorating health, Attenborough moved into the same nursing home in London to be with his wife, as confirmed by their son Michael.<ref name=Telg9954199>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9954199/Film-director-Richard-Attenborough-moved-to-care-home.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9954199/Film-director-Richard-Attenborough-moved-to-care-home.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Film director Richard Attenborough moved to care home|first=Melanie|last=Hall|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London, UK|date=26 March 2013|access-date=21 April 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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Attenborough died at Denville Hall, on 24 August 2014, five days before his 91st birthday.<ref name="bbc-death">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-28923074|title=Actor Richard Attenborough dies at 90|date=24 August 2014|access-date=24 August 2014|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="guardian-death">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/aug/24/richard-attenborough-died-aged-90|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London, UK|date=24 August 2014|first=Chris|last=Johnston|title=Richard Attenborough dies aged 90|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> He requested that his ashes be interred in a vault at [[St Mary Magdalene, Richmond|St Mary Magdalene church]] in [[Richmond, London|Richmond]] beside those of his daughter Jane Holland and his granddaughter, Lucy, both of whom had died in the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004 Boxing Day tsunami]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/11910577/Richard-Attenboroughs-last-request-place-my-ashes-with-my-daughter-and-granddaughter.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/11910577/Richard-Attenboroughs-last-request-place-my-ashes-with-my-daughter-and-granddaughter.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Richard Attenborough's last request: place my ashes with my daughter and granddaughter|date=4 October 2015|work=The Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/hollywood/news/Richard-Attenboroughs-ashes-to-be-interred-with-daughter/articleshow/49240702.cms|title=Richard Attenborough's ashes to be interred with daughter|website=The Times of India}}</ref> He was survived by his wife of 69 years, their oldest and youngest children, six grandchildren, two great-grandchildren, and his younger brother [[David Attenborough|David]]. His widow, actress Sheila Sim, died on 19 January 2016, aged 93.<ref>{{cite news |last= Dagan |first=Carmel |date=20 January 2016 |title=Sheila Sims [sic], Actress Who Was Richard Attenborough's Widow, Dies at 93 |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/sheila-sims-dead-richard-attenborough-wife-1201684245/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=8 July 2018}}</ref><br />
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==Honours==<br />
In the [[1967 Birthday Honours]], he was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE).<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=44326 |date=10 June 1967|page=6278 |supp=y}}</ref> He was made a [[Knight Bachelor]] in the [[1976 New Year Honours]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=46777|date=1 January 1976|page=1 |supp=y}}</ref> having the honour conferred on 10 February 1976<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=46828|date=17 February 1976|page=2435}}</ref> and on 30 July 1993 he was created a [[life peer]] as '''Baron Attenborough''', of [[Richmond, London|Richmond upon Thames]] in the [[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.burkes-peerage.net/familyhomepage.aspx?FID=0&FN=ATTENBOROUGH|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811022430/http://www.burkespeerage.com/familyhomepage.aspx?FID=0&FN=ATTENBOROUGH|archive-date=11 August 2011|title=Burke's Peerage – Preview Family Record|publisher=Burkes-peerage.net|access-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="Gazette">{{London Gazette|issue=53397|date=10 August 1993|page=13291 }}</ref><br />
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Although the appointment by [[John Major]] was 'non-political' (it was granted for services to the cinema) and he could have been a [[crossbencher]], Attenborough chose to take the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] whip and so sat on the Labour benches. In 1992 he had been offered a peerage by [[Neil Kinnock]], then leader of the Labour Party, but refused it as he felt unable to commit himself to the time necessary "to do what was required of him in the Upper Chamber, as he always put film-making first".<ref>''Entirely Up To You, Darling'' by Diana Hawkins & Richard Attenborough; pp 245–50; Arrow Books; published 2009; {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}</ref><br />
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Attenborough was the subject of ''[[This Is Your Life (UK TV series)|This Is Your Life]]'' in December 1962 when he was surprised by [[Eamonn Andrews]] at the [[Savoy Hotel]], during a dinner held to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the [[Agatha Christie]] play ''[[The Mousetrap]]'', in which he had been an original cast member.<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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In 1983, Attenborough was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]], India's third highest civilian award,<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |year=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> and the Martin Luther King Jr. Nonviolence Peace Prize by the [[King Center for Nonviolent Social Change|Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thekingcenter.org/the-king-holiday/commemorative-service|title=Commemorative Services: Martin Luther King Jr.|publisher=Thekingcenter.org |access-date=3 September 2011}}</ref> He was also awarded France's most distinguished awards, the [[Legion of Honour]] and the [[Order of Arts and Letters]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/9e5b3252-2bd4-11e4-b052-00144feabdc0|title=Richard Attenborough – face of British cinema for half a century|newspaper=Financial Times |date=24 August 2014}}</ref> and the [[Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo|Order of the Companions of O.R. Tambo]] by the South African government 'for his contribution to the struggle against apartheid'.<br />
<br />
In 1992, the [[Hamburg]]-based [[Alfred Toepfer Stiftung F.V.S.|Alfred Toepfer Foundation]] awarded Attenborough its annual [[Shakespeare Prize]] in recognition of his life's work. The following year he was appointed a Fellow of [[King's College London]].<ref>[http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/history/fellows.aspx Fellows: King's College London], King's College London. Retrieved 2 June 2016.</ref><br />
<br />
On 13 July 2006, Attenborough, along with his brother [[David Attenborough|David]], were awarded the titles of [[Honorary title (academic)|Distinguished Honorary Fellows]] of the [[University of Leicester]] "in recognition of a record of continuing distinguished service to the university".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/ebulletin/news/press-releases/2000-2009/2006/06/nparticle.2006-06-09.8313843344|title=Honorary Degrees and Distinguished Honorary Fellowships Announced by University of Leicester|publisher=University of Leicester|date=9 June 2006|access-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 20 November 2008, Attenborough was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Drama from the [[Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama]] (RSAMD) in [[Glasgow]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7710935.stm |title=Actors honoured by arts academy |work=BBC News |date=5 November 2008 |access-date=8 May 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
Attenborough was an Honorary Fellow of [[Bangor University]] for his contributions to film making.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bangor.ac.uk/about/alumni/Lord_Attenborough.php.en|title=Lord Attenborough, Honorary Fellow, Bangor University|publisher=Bangor.ac.uk|access-date=5 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607073928/http://www.bangor.ac.uk/about/alumni/Lord_Attenborough.php.en|archive-date=7 June 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Pinewood Studios]] paid tribute to his body of work by naming a purpose-built {{convert|30000|sqft|adj=on}} [[sound stage]] after him. In his absence because of illness, [[David Puttnam|Lord Puttnam]] and Pinewood chairman [[Michael Grade|Lord Grade]] officially unveiled the stage on 23 April 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinewoodgroup.com/our-studios/uk/news/richard-attenborough-stage-opens-business-pinewood-studios|title=The Richard Attenborough Stage opens for business at Pinewood Studios|publisher=pinewoodgroup.com|date=23 April 2012|access-date=23 April 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Arts for India charity committee honoured Attenborough posthumously on 19 October 2016 at an event hosted at the home of BAFTA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.journalism.net.in/arts-india-honor-sir-richard-attenborough-posthumously/|title=Arts for India to honour Sir Richard Attenborough posthumously|date=16 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year <br />
! Title <br />
! Director <br />
! Producer <br />
|- <br />
| 1960 <br />
| ''[[The Angry Silence]]'' <br />
| <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1961 <br />
| ''[[Whistle Down the Wind (film)|Whistle Down the Wind]]'' <br />
| <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1962 <br />
| ''[[The L-Shaped Room]]'' <br />
| <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1964 <br />
| ''[[Séance on a Wet Afternoon]]'' <br />
| <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1969 <br />
| ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]''<br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1972 <br />
| ''[[Young Winston]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1977 <br />
| ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' <br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1978 <br />
| ''[[Magic (1978 film)|Magic]]'' <br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1982 <br />
| ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1985 <br />
| ''[[A Chorus Line (film)|A Chorus Line]]'' <br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1987 <br />
| ''[[Cry Freedom]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1992 <br />
| ''[[Chaplin (film)|Chaplin]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1993 <br />
| ''[[Shadowlands (1993 film)|Shadowlands]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1996 <br />
| ''[[In Love and War (1996 film)|In Love and War]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1999 <br />
| ''[[Grey Owl (film)|Grey Owl]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 2007 <br />
| ''[[Closing the Ring]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Acting roles ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year <br />
! Title <br />
! Role <br />
! Notes<br />
|- <br />
| 1942 <br />
| ''[[In Which We Serve]]'' <br />
| A young stoker <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1943 <br />
| ''[[Schweik's New Adventures]]'' <br />
| Railway worker <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1944 <br />
| ''[[The Hundred Pound Window]]'' <br />
| Tommy Draper <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1945 <br />
| ''[[Journey Together]]'' <br />
| David Wilton <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1946 <br />
| ''[[A Matter of Life and Death (film)|A Matter of Life and Death]]'' <br />
| An English pilot <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[School for Secrets]]'' <br />
| Jack Arnold <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1947 <br />
| ''[[The Man Within (film)|The Man Within]]'' <br />
| Francis Andrews <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Dancing with Crime]]'' <br />
| Ted Peters <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1948 <br />
| ''[[Brighton Rock (1948 film)|Brighton Rock]]'' <br />
| Pinkie Brown <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[London Belongs to Me]]'' <br />
| Percy Boon <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[The Guinea Pig (film)|The Guinea Pig]]'' <br />
| Jack Read <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 1949 <br />
| ''[[The Lost People]]'' <br />
| Jan <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Boys in Brown]]'' <br />
| Jackie Knowles <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1950 <br />
| ''[[Morning Departure]]'' <br />
| Stoker Snipe <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1951 <br />
| ''[[Hell Is Sold Out]]'' <br />
| Pierre Bonnet <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[The Magic Box]]'' <br />
| Jack Carter <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1952 <br />
| ''[[Gift Horse (film)|Gift Horse]]'' <br />
| Dripper Daniels <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Father's Doing Fine]]'' <br />
| Dougall <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1954 <br />
| ''[[Eight O'Clock Walk]]'' <br />
| Thomas "Tom" Leslie Manning <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1955 <br />
| ''[[The Ship That Died of Shame]]'' <br />
| George Hoskins <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1956 <br />
| ''[[Private's Progress]]'' <br />
| Pvt. Percival Henry Cox <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[The Baby and the Battleship]]'' <br />
| Knocker White <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1957 <br />
| ''[[Brothers in Law (film)|Brothers in Law]]'' <br />
| Henry Marshall <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[The Scamp]]'' <br />
| Stephen Leigh <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1958 <br />
| ''[[Dunkirk (1958 film)|Dunkirk]]'' <br />
| John Holden <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[The Man Upstairs (1958 film)|The Man Upstairs]]'' <br />
| Peter Watson <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Sea of Sand]]'' <br />
| Brody <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=4| 1959 <br />
| ''[[Danger Within]]'' <br />
| Capt. "Bunter" Phillips <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[I'm All Right Jack]]'' <br />
| Sidney De Vere Cox <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jet Storm]]'' <br />
| Ernest Tiller <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[SOS Pacific]]'' <br />
| Whitney Mullen <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1960<br />
| ''[[The Angry Silence]]'' <br />
| Tom Curtis <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[The League of Gentlemen (film)|The League of Gentlemen]]'' <br />
| Lexy <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''Upgreen – And at 'Em '' <br />
| <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1962 <br />
| ''[[Only Two Can Play]]'' <br />
| Gareth L. Probert <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[All Night Long (1962 film)|All Night Long]]'' <br />
| Rod Hamilton <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Dock Brief]]'' aka ''Trial and Error'' <br />
| Herbert Fowle <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1963 <br />
| ''[[The Great Escape (film)|The Great Escape]]'' <br />
| Sqn. Ldr. Roger Bartlett "Big X" <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1964<br />
| ''[[The Third Secret (film)|The Third Secret]]'' <br />
| Alfred Price-Gorham <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Séance on a Wet Afternoon]]'' <br />
| Billy Savage <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Guns at Batasi]]'' <br />
| Regimental Sgt. Major Lauderdale <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1965 <br />
| ''[[The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film)|The Flight of the Phoenix]]'' <br />
| Lew Moran <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1966 <br />
| ''[[The Sand Pebbles (film)|The Sand Pebbles]]'' <br />
| Frenchy Burgoyne <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1967 <br />
| ''[[Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)|Doctor Dolittle]]'' <br />
| Albert Blossom <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1968 <br />
| ''[[Only When I Larf (film)|Only When I Larf]]'' <br />
| Silas <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Bliss of Mrs. Blossom]]'' <br />
| Robert Blossom <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1969 <br />
| ''[[The Magic Christian (film)|The Magic Christian]]'' <br />
| Oxford coach <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1970 <br />
| ''[[The Last Grenade]]'' <br />
| Gen. Charles Whiteley <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Loot (1970 film)|Loot]]'' <br />
| Inspector Truscott <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[A Severed Head (film)|A Severed Head]]'' <br />
| Palmer Anderson <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1971 <br />
| ''[[10 Rillington Place]]''<br />
| [[John Christie (murderer)|John Christie]] <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1972 <br />
| ''Cup Glory'' <br />
| Narrator <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1974 <br />
| ''[[And Then There Were None (1974 film)|And Then There Were None]]'' <br />
| Judge Arthur Cannon <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1975<br />
| ''[[Brannigan (film)|Brannigan]]'' <br />
| Cmdr. Sir Charles Swann <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Rosebud (1975 film)|Rosebud]]'' <br />
| Edward Sloat <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Conduct Unbecoming (1975 film)|Conduct Unbecoming]]'' <br />
| Maj. Lionel E. Roach <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1977 <br />
| ''[[Shatranj Ke Khilari]]'' <br />
| [[Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet|Lt. General Outram]] <br />
| Hindi movie<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' <br />
| Lunatic wearing glasses <br />
| Uncredited<br />
|- <br />
| 1979 <br />
| ''[[The Human Factor (1979 film)|The Human Factor]]'' <br />
| Col. John Daintry <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1993 <br />
| ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'' <br />
| John Hammond <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1994 <br />
| ''[[Miracle on 34th Street (1994 film)|Miracle on 34th Street]]'' <br />
| [[Santa Claus|Kris Kringle]] <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 1996 <br />
| ''E=mc2'' <br />
| The Visitor <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Hamlet (1996 film)|Hamlet]]'' <br />
| English Ambassador to Denmark <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1997<br />
| ''[[The Lost World: Jurassic Park]]'' <br />
| John Hammond <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1998 <br />
| ''[[Elizabeth (film)|Elizabeth]]''<br />
| [[William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley|Sir William Cecil]] <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1999 <br />
| ''[[Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (film)|Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat]]'' <br />
| Jacob <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 2002 <br />
| ''[[Puckoon]]'' <br />
| Narrator <br />
| Final film role<br />
|-<br />
| 2015 <br />
| ''[[Jurassic World]]''<br />
| John Hammond <br />
| Archive audio only<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Video games===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Voice role<br />
|-<br />
| 1997 <br />
| ''[[Chaos Island: The Lost World]]'' <br />
|rowspan=2| John Hammond <ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1306984/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0 |title= Jurassic Park: Chaos Island (video game 1997) - IMDB.com |date=2022-11-18 |website=IMDB.com | access-date=2022-11-18 }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
| 1998 <br />
| ''[[Trespasser (video game)|Trespasser]]'' <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Year<br />
! rowspan="2" | Title<br />
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:160px;"| [[Academy Awards]]<br />
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:160px;"| [[BAFTA Awards]]<br />
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:160px;"| [[Golden Globe Awards]]<br />
|-<br />
! Nominations<br />
! Wins<br />
! Nominations<br />
! Wins<br />
! Nominations<br />
! Wins<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| 1969 <br />
| ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|10<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|6<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
|-<br />
| 1972 <br />
| ''[[Young Winston]]'' <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|3 <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|6<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|2<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
|-<br />
| 1977 <br />
| ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' <br />
| <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|8<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|4<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1978 <br />
| ''[[Magic (1978 film)|Magic]]'' <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1982 <br />
| ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|11<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|8<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|16<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|5<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|5<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|5<br />
|-<br />
| 1985 <br />
| ''[[A Chorus Line (film)|A Chorus Line]]'' <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|3<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|2<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|2<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1987 <br />
| ''[[Cry Freedom]]'' <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|3<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|7<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|4<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1992 <br />
| ''[[Chaplin (film)|Chaplin]]'' <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|3<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|4<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|3<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1993 <br />
| ''[[Shadowlands (1993 film)|Shadowlands]]'' <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|2<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|6<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2"|'''Total'''<br />
!align=center|25<br />
!align=center|8<br />
!align=center|60<br />
!align=center|19<br />
!align=center|18<br />
!align=center|7<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===[[Academy Awards]]===<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Category<br />
! Result<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 1982<br />
|rowspan=2| ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' <br />
| [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===[[BAFTA Awards]]===<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Category<br />
! Result<br />
|-<br />
| 1960 <br />
| ''[[The Angry Silence]]'' <br />
|rowspan=4| Best British Actor<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1962<br />
| ''[[The Dock Brief]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 1964<br />
| ''[[Guns at Batasi]]''<br />
|rowspan=2 {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Séance on a Wet Afternoon]]'' <br />
|-<br />
| 1969 <br />
| ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]''<br />
|rowspan=2| [[BAFTA Award for Best Direction|Best Direction]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1977 <br />
| ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' <br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3| 1982 <br />
|rowspan=2| ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' <br />
| [[BAFTA Award for Best Film|Best Film]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Direction<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=2| [[BAFTA Fellowship]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 1987 <br />
|rowspan=2| ''[[Cry Freedom]]'' <br />
| Best Film<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Direction<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3| 1993 <br />
|rowspan=3| ''[[Shadowlands (1993 film)|Shadowlands]]''<br />
| Best Film<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Direction<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Film|Outstanding British Film]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===[[Golden Globe Awards]]===<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Category<br />
! Result<br />
|-<br />
| 1966 <br />
| ''[[The Sand Pebbles (film)|The Sand Pebbles]]''<br />
|rowspan=2| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actor]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1967 <br />
| ''[[Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)|Doctor Dolittle]]'' <br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1982 <br />
| ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' <br />
|rowspan=3| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1985 <br />
| ''[[A Chorus Line (film)|A Chorus Line]]'' <br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 <br />
| ''[[Cry Freedom]]'' <br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Portrayals==<br />
In early 1973, he was portrayed as "Dickie Attenborough" in the British Showbiz Awards sketch late in the third series of ''[[Monty Python's Flying Circus]]''. Attenborough is portrayed by [[Eric Idle]] as effusive and simpering. A portrayal similar to that seen in ''Monty Python'' can be seen in the early series of ''[[Spitting Image]]'', when Attenborough's caricature regularly appeared to thank others for an imaginary award. <br />
<br />
In 1985 he was played by [[Chris Barrie]] in ''[[The Lenny Henry Show]]'', in the final part of a serial pastiching ''[[A Passage to India (film)|A Passage to India]]'' and ''[[The Jewel in the Crown (TV series)|The Jewel in the Crown]]''. In response to the villain claiming "Gandhi won't win!", he appears in a suit covered in Academy Awards and declares "We've already won!"<br />
<br />
In 2012 Attenborough was portrayed by [[Simon Callow]] in the [[BBC Four]] biopic ''The Best Possible Taste'', about [[Kenny Everett]].<br />
<br />
[[Harris Dickinson]] plays Attenborough in the 2022 comedy murder mystery ''[[See How They Run (2022 film)|See How They Run]]''.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of oldest and youngest Academy Award winners and nominees#Best Director|List of oldest Best Director Academy Award winners]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category|Richard Attenborough}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|0000277}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|4262}}<br />
* [https://www.bafta.org/heritage/features/lord-attenborough-biography,442,BA.html Richard Attenborough Archive] on the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] (BAFTA) site<br />
* [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressrelease/media/media15.html University of Sussex] media release about Lord Attenborough's election as Chancellor, dated Friday, 20 March 1998<br />
* {{NPG name}}<br />
* {{Screenonline name|id=461983|name=Lord Attenborough}}<br />
* [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090104191600/bfi.org.uk/features/attenborough/ Richard Attenborough Stills & Posters Gallery from the British Film Institute]<br />
* [http://www.le.ac.uk/racentre/ Richard Attenborough Centre for Disability and the Arts]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130904002349/http://richardattenborough.co.uk/ Richard Attenborough in Leicester website]<br />
* {{UK Peer links | parliament = richard-attenborough/26829 | hansard = mr-richard-attenborough | hansardcurr = | guardian = | publicwhip = Lord_Attenborough | theywork = lord_attenborough | record = | bbc = 26829.stm | journalisted = }}<br />
* [http://www.virtual-history.com/movie/person/352/richard-attenborough Richard Attenborough] at Virtual History<br />
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{{Succession box<br />
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| title = [[National Film and Television School|NFTS]] Honorary Fellowship<br />
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| after = [[David Lean]], CBE<br />
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{{Succession box<br />
| years = 2001–2010<br />
| title = President of the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]]<br />
| before = [[Anne, Princess Royal|The Princess Royal]]<br />
| after = [[Prince William, Duke of Cambridge|Prince William, The Duke of Cambridge]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Succession box|years = 2003–2014|title = President of the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]]|before = ''Unknown''|after = [[Kenneth Branagh|Sir Kenneth Branagh]]}}<br />
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{{Richard Attenborough}}<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
|title = Awards for Richard Attenborough<br />
|list =<br />
{{Academy Award Best Director}}<br />
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{{BAFTA Award for Best Direction}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{British Film Institute Fellowship}}<br />
{{DirectorsGuildofAmericaAwardFeatureFilm}}<br />
{{Golden Globe Award for Best Director}}<br />
{{Golden Globe Award Best Supporting Actor Motion Picture}}<br />
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1980–89}}<br />
{{Silver Shell for Best Actor}}<br />
}}<br />
{{David Attenborough}}<br />
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[[Category:1923 births]]<br />
[[Category:2014 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English male actors]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Actors awarded knighthoods]]<br />
[[Category:Actors awarded British peerages]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]]<br />
[[Category:Attenborough family|Richard]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]<br />
[[Category:Best British Actor BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Directing Academy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Director BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Director Golden Globe winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Supporting Actor Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
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[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Directors Guild of America Award winners]]<br />
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[[Category:Fellows of King's College London]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of Emmanuel College, Cambridge]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of St Catherine's College, Oxford]]<br />
[[Category:Filmmakers who won the Best Film BAFTA Award]]<br />
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[[Category:Life peers created by Elizabeth II]]<br />
[[Category:Labour Party (UK) life peers]]<br />
[[Category:Labour Party (UK) people]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Cambridgeshire]]<br />
[[Category:People associated with the University of Leicester]]<br />
[[Category:People educated at Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys]]<br />
[[Category:People from Cambridge]]<br />
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[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Praemium Imperiale]]<br />
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[[Category:Producers who won the Best Picture Academy Award]]<br />
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[[Category:Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Attenborough&diff=1135050832Richard Attenborough2023-01-22T09:23:09Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1135050610 by Peter Philim (talk) So why was he known as BARON Attenborough?</p>
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<div>{{Short description|English actor and filmmaker (1923–2014)}}<br />
{{pp-move-indef}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=June 2011}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]<br />
| name = The Lord Attenborough<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE|FRSA}}<br />
| image = RichardAttenborough07TIFF.jpg<br />
| caption = Attenborough at the [[2007 Toronto International Film Festival|2007 TIFF]]<br />
| birth_name = Richard Samuel Attenborough<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1923|8|29}}<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2014|8|24|1923|8|29}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Cambridge]], England<br />
| death_place = {{nowrap|[[Northwood, London]], England}}<br />
| resting_place = [[St Mary Magdalene, Richmond]], London<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Sheila Sim]]|22 January 1945|<!--2014 omitted per instructions on Template:Marriage- when marriage ends on death of subject rather than subject's spouse-->}}<br />
| children = {{hlist|[[Michael Attenborough|Michael]]|[[Jane Attenborough|Jane]]|[[Charlotte Attenborough|Charlotte]]}}<br />
| father = [[Frederick Attenborough]]<br />
| mother = {{#ifexist:Mary Attenborough|[[Mary Attenborough|Mary Clegg]]}}<br />
| relatives = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[David Attenborough]] (brother)<br />
* [[John Attenborough]] (brother)<br />
* [[Gerald Sim]] (brother-in-law)<br />
* [[Tom Attenborough]] (grandson)<br />
* [[Will Attenborough]] (grandson)<br />
}}<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|filmmaker|entrepreneur}}<br />
| party = [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]<br />
| module = {{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes<br />
| office = [[Member of the House of Lords]]<br />
| status = [[Lords Temporal|Lord Temporal]]<br />
| term_start = 30 July 1993<br />
| term_end = 24 August 2014<br />
| term_label = [[Life peer]]age}}<br />
| module2 = {{Infobox military person |embed=yes<br />
| allegiance = United Kingdom<br />
| branch = [[Royal Air Force]]<br />
| serviceyears = 1940–1945<br />
| unit = [[Royal Air Force Film Production Unit|Film Production Unit]]<br />
| rank = [[Sergeant]]<br />
| battles = [[Second World War]]}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Richard Samuel Attenborough, Baron Attenborough''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|CBE|FRSA}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|t|ən|b|ər|ə}}; 29 August 1923{{spaced ndash}}24 August 2014) was an English actor, filmmaker, and entrepreneur. He was the president of the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] (RADA) and the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] (BAFTA), as well as the life president of [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea FC]]. He joined the [[Royal Air Force]] during the [[Second World War]] and served in the film unit, going on several bombing raids over Europe and filming the action from the rear gunner's position. He was the older brother of broadcaster Sir [[David Attenborough]] and motor executive [[John Attenborough]]. He was married to actress [[Sheila Sim]] from 1945 until his death.<br />
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As an actor, he is best remembered for his film roles in ''[[Brighton Rock (1948 film)|Brighton Rock]]'' (1948), ''[[I'm All Right Jack]]'' (1959), ''[[The Great Escape (film)|The Great Escape]]'' (1963), ''[[The Sand Pebbles (film)|The Sand Pebbles]]'' (1966), ''[[Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)|Doctor Dolittle]]'' (1967), ''[[10 Rillington Place]]'' (1971), ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'' (1993), and ''[[Miracle on 34th Street (1994 film)|Miracle on 34th Street]]'' (1994). In 1952 he appeared on the [[West End theatre|West End stage]], originating the role of Detective Sergeant Trotter in [[Agatha Christie]]'s ''[[The Mousetrap]]'' which has since become the world's longest-running play.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Mousetrap at 60: why is this the world's longest-running play? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2012/nov/20/mousetrap-60-years-agatha-christie |access-date=20 July 2022 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><br />
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For his directorial debut, 1969's ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]'', Attenborough was nominated for the [[BAFTA Award for Best Direction]], and he was nominated for his films ''[[Young Winston]]'', ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'', and ''[[Cry Freedom]]''. He won two [[Academy Awards]] for ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' in 1983: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]]. The [[British Film Institute|BFI]] ranked ''Gandhi'' the [[BFI Top 100 British films|34th greatest British film of the 20th century]]. Attenborough also won four [[British Academy Film Awards|BAFTA Awards]], four [[Golden Globe Awards]], and the 1983 [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Attenborough was born on 29 August 1923<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1398450/Richard-Attenborough|title=Richard Attenborough|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|Encyclopædia Britannica]]|date=9 November 2013|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> in [[Cambridge]], the eldest of three sons of Mary Attenborough (née Clegg), a founding member of the [[Marriage Guidance Council]], and [[Frederick Attenborough|Frederick Levi Attenborough]], a scholar and academic administrator who was a fellow at [[Emmanuel College, Cambridge]], and wrote a standard text on [[Anglo-Saxon law]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/38/Richard-Attenborough.html|title=Richard Attenborough profile at|publisher=Filmreference.com|access-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.movies.yahoo.com/person/richard-attenborough/biography.html|title=Richard Attenborough biography|publisher=Yahoo!|access-date=8 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508224805/https://uk.movies.yahoo.com/person/richard-attenborough/biography.html|archive-date=8 May 2014}}</ref> Attenborough was educated at [[Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys]] in [[Leicester]] and studied at [[RADA]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Attenborough, Baron cr 1993 (Life Peer), of Richmond upon Thames, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, (Richard Samuel Attenborough) (29 Aug. 1923–24 Aug. 2014)|url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-5972|access-date=29 August 2021|website=WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO|year=2007|language=en|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U5972|isbn=978-0-19-954089-1}}</ref><br />
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In September 1939, while Frederick Attenborough was Principal of [[University College, Leicester]] (1932–1951), the Attenboroughs took in two German [[Kindertransport|Jewish refugee]] girls, Helga and Irene Bejach (aged 9 and 11 respectively), who lived with them in College House and were adopted by the family after the war when it was discovered that their parents had been killed.<ref>{{cite news|author= Elgott, Jessica |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/the-children-britain-took-to-its-heart-1.8535?highlight=attenborough |title=The children Britain took to its heart |work=[[The Jewish Chronicle]]|date=2 April 2009 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> The sisters moved to the United States in the 1950s and lived with an uncle, where they married and took American citizenship; Irene died in 1992 and Helga in 2005.<ref>''Entirely Up To You, Darling'' by Diana Hawkins & Richard Attenborough; pp. 29–30; paperback; Arrow Books; published 2009; {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}</ref><br />
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During the Second World War, Attenborough served in the [[Royal Air Force]]. After initial pilot training he was seconded to the newly formed [[Royal Air Force Film Production Unit]] at [[Pinewood Studios]], under the command of Flight Lieutenant [[John Boulting]] (whose brother [[Peter Cotes]] later directed Attenborough in the play ''[[The Mousetrap]]'') where he appeared with [[Edward G. Robinson]] in the propaganda film ''[[Journey Together]]'' (1945). He then volunteered to fly with the Film Unit and after further training, where he sustained permanent ear damage, qualified as a sergeant, flying on several operations over Europe filming from the rear gunner's position to record the outcome of [[RAF Bomber Command]] sorties.<ref>''Entirely Up To You, Darling'' by Diana Hawkins & Richard Attenborough; pp. 88–95; paperback; Arrow Books; published 2009; {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}</ref><br />
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==Acting career==<br />
Attenborough's acting career started on stage and he appeared in shows at Leicester's [[Little Theatre (Leicester)|Little Theatre]], Dover Street, prior to his going to [[RADA]], where he remained Patron until his death. Attenborough's first major credited role was provided in [[Brian Desmond Hurst]]'s ''[[The Hundred Pound Window]]'' (1944) playing Tommy Draper who helps rescue his accountant father who has taken a wrong turn in life. Attenborough's film career had begun in 1942, however, in an uncredited role as a sailor deserting his post under fire in the [[Noël Coward]]/[[David Lean]] production ''[[In Which We Serve]]'' (his name and character were omitted from the original release-print credits), a role that helped type-cast him for many years as a [[spiv]] in films like ''[[London Belongs to Me]]'' (1948), ''[[Morning Departure]]'' (1950) and his breakthrough role as [[Pinkie Brown]] in [[John Boulting]]'s film adaptation of [[Graham Greene]]'s novel ''[[Brighton Rock (1947 film)|Brighton Rock]]'' (1947), a role that he had previously played to great acclaim at the [[Garrick Theatre]] in 1943. He played the lead at age 22 as an RAF cadet pilot in ''[[Journey Together]]'' (1945), in which top-billed [[Edward G. Robinson]] played his instructor. <br />
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In 1949, exhibitors voted him the sixth most popular British actor at the box office.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2759831 |title=Bob Hope Takes Lead from Bing in Popularity. |newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]] (ACT: 1926–1954) |location=ACT |date=31 December 1949 |access-date=27 April 2012 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><br />
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Early in his stage career, Attenborough starred in the [[West End theatre|West End]] production of [[Agatha Christie]]'s ''[[The Mousetrap]]'', which went on to become the world's longest running stage production. Both he and his wife were among the original cast members of the production, which opened in 1952 at the [[Ambassadors Theatre (London)|Ambassadors Theatre]], moving to [[St Martin's Theatre]] in 1974; the production ran continuously for nearly seven decades, until it was shut down by the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic]] in 2020. The Attenboroughs took a 10 per cent profit-participation in the production, which was paid for out of their combined weekly salary; Attenborough later wrote in his autobiography, "It proved to be the wisest business decision I've ever made... but foolishly I sold some of my share to open a short-lived Mayfair restaurant called 'The Little Elephant' and later still, disposed of the remainder in order to keep ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' afloat."<ref>''Entirely Up To You, Darling'' by Diana Hawkins & Richard Attenborough; page 180; paperback; Arrow Books; published 2009; {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of the 1950s Attenborough featured on radio on the [[BBC Light Programme]] introducing records.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/656f9afff7134c55a271f709472f2248|title=Richard Attenborough's RECORD RENDEZVOUS|journal=Radio Times|date=1 April 1950|issue=1380|pages=41|via=BBC Genome}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Richard Attenborough - 1965.jpg|thumb|upright|in ''Flight of the Phoenix'' (1965)]]<br />
Attenborough worked prolifically in British films for the next 30 years, including in the 1950s, appearing in several successful comedies for [[Boulting brothers|John and Roy Boulting]], such as ''[[Private's Progress]]'' (1956) and ''[[I'm All Right Jack]]'' (1959).<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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In 1963, he appeared alongside [[Steve McQueen]] and [[James Garner]] in ''[[The Great Escape (film)|The Great Escape]]'' as RAF Squadron Leader Roger Bartlett ("Big X"), the head of the escape committee, based on the real-life exploits of [[Roger Bushell]]. It was his first appearance in a major Hollywood film blockbuster and his most successful film thus far.<ref name="imdb" /> During the 1960s, he expanded his range of character roles in films such as ''[[Séance on a Wet Afternoon]]'' (1964) and ''[[Guns at Batasi]]'' (1964), for which he won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor]] for his portrayal of [[Regimental Sergeant Major]] Lauderdale. In 1965 he played Lew Moran opposite [[James Stewart]] in ''[[The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film)|The Flight of the Phoenix]]''. In 1967 and 1968, he won back-to-back [[Golden Globe Awards]] in the category of [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actor]], the first time for ''[[The Sand Pebbles (film)|The Sand Pebbles]]'', again co-starring Steve McQueen, and the second time for ''[[Doctor Dolittle (film)|Doctor Dolittle]]'' starring [[Rex Harrison]].<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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His portrayal of the [[serial killer]] [[John Christie (murderer)|John Christie]] in ''[[10 Rillington Place]]'' (1971) garnered excellent reviews. In 1977, he played the ruthless [[Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet|General Outram]], again to great acclaim, in the Indian director [[Satyajit Ray]]'s period piece ''[[Shatranj Ke Khilari|The Chess Players]]''.<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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He took no acting roles following his appearance in [[Otto Preminger]]'s version of ''[[The Human Factor (1979 film)|The Human Factor]]'' (1979) until his appearance as John Hammond in [[Steven Spielberg]]'s ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'' (1993) and the film's sequel, ''[[The Lost World: Jurassic Park]]'' (1997). He starred in the remake of ''[[Miracle on 34th Street (1994 film)|Miracle on 34th Street]]'' (1994) as [[Santa Claus|Kris Kringle]]. Later he made occasional appearances in supporting roles, including as [[William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley|Sir William Cecil]] in the historical drama ''[[Elizabeth (film)|Elizabeth]]'' (1998), Jacob in ''[[Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (film)|Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat]]'' and as "The Narrator" in the [[Puckoon#Film|film adaptation]] of [[Spike Milligan]]'s comedy book ''[[Puckoon]]'' (2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2002/jul/23/artsfeatures |location=London, UK |work=The Guardian |first=Bob |last=Flynn |title=Arts: Filming Spike Milligan's Puckoon |date=2 August 2002}}</ref><br />
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He made his only appearance in a film adaptation of [[Shakespeare]] when he played the English ambassador who announces that [[Rosencrantz and Guildenstern]] are dead at the end of [[Kenneth Branagh]]'s ''[[Hamlet (1996 film)|Hamlet]]'' (1996).<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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==Producer and director==<br />
In the late 1950s, Attenborough formed a production company, Beaver Films, with [[Bryan Forbes]] and began to build a profile as a producer on projects including ''[[The League of Gentlemen (film)|The League of Gentlemen]]'' (1959), ''[[The Angry Silence]]'' (1960) and ''[[Whistle Down the Wind (film)|Whistle Down the Wind]]'' (1961), appearing in the cast of the first two films.<ref name="imdb" /> His performance in ''The Angry Silence'' earned him his first nomination for a BAFTA. ''Séance on a Wet Afternoon'' won him his first BAFTA award.<br />
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His feature film directorial debut was the all-star screen version of the hit musical ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]'' (1969), after which his acting appearances became sporadic as he concentrated more on directing and producing. He later directed two epic period films: ''[[Young Winston]]'' (1972), based on the early life of [[Winston Churchill]], and ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' (1977), an all-star account of Second World War [[Operation Market Garden]].<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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He won the 1982 [[Academy Award for Best Director]] for his historical epic ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'', and as the film's producer, the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]; the same film garnered two [[Golden Globes]], this time for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]] and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Film]], in 1983. He had been attempting to get the project made for 18 years.<ref name="imdb" /> He directed [[A Chorus Line (film)|the screen version]] of the musical ''[[A Chorus Line]]'' (1985) and the [[Internal resistance to apartheid|anti-apartheid]] drama ''[[Cry Freedom]]'' (1987). He was nominated for a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director]] for both films.<ref name="imdb">{{IMDb name|0000277}}</ref> The success of the latter film prompted Attenborough to sign a contract with [[Universal Pictures]] to produce and direct films over the next five years, set to produce three films for the studio, and timetable calls would be set up by January and the first production was slated for release by 1989.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 November 1987 |title=U Extends Contract With Attenborough As 'Freedom' Bows |pages=4, 23 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref><br />
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His later films as director and producer include ''[[Chaplin (film)|Chaplin]]'' (1992) starring [[Robert Downey Jr.]], as [[Charlie Chaplin]] and ''[[Shadowlands (1993 film)|Shadowlands]]'' (1993), based on the relationship between [[C. S. Lewis]] and [[Joy Davidman|Joy Gresham]] ([[C. S. Lewis]] was portrayed by [[Anthony Hopkins]], who had appeared in four previous films for Attenborough: ''Young Winston'', ''A Bridge Too Far'', ''[[Magic (1978 film)|Magic]]'' and ''Chaplin'').<br />
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Between 2006 and 2007, he spent time in [[Belfast]], working on his last film as director and producer, ''[[Closing the Ring]]'', a love story set in Belfast during the Second World War, and starring [[Shirley MacLaine]], [[Christopher Plummer]] and [[Pete Postlethwaite]].<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i66abf6954df1d43ff4b99604a6253a3c Works nabs U.K. rights to ''Closing The Ring''] from ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]''</ref><br />
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Despite maintaining an acting career alongside his directorial roles, Attenborough never directed himself (save for an uncredited cameo appearance in ''A Bridge Too Far'').<ref name="IMDb_cast">{{cite web |title=A Bridge Too Far - Full Cast & Crew |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0075784/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast |publisher=IMDb |year=1977}}</ref><br />
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==Later projects==<br />
[[File:Richard Attenborough 1975.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Attenborough in 1975]]<br />
After 33 years of dedicated service as President of the [[Muscular Dystrophy]] campaign, Attenborough became the charity's Honorary Life President in 2004. In 2012, the charity, which leads the fight against muscle-wasting conditions in the UK, established the Richard Attenborough Fellowship Fund to honour his lifelong commitment to the charity, and to ensure the future of clinical research and training at leading UK neuromuscular centres.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.muscular-dystrophy.org/waystodonate/fund_a_scientist/richard_attenborough_fellowship_fund|title=Richard Attenborough Fellowship Fund|publisher=Muscular-dystrophy.org|access-date=24 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105051506/http://www.muscular-dystrophy.org/waystodonate/fund_a_scientist/richard_attenborough_fellowship_fund|archive-date=5 November 2014}}</ref><br />
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Attenborough was also the patron of the [[United World Colleges]] movement, whereby he contributed to the colleges that are part of the organisation. He was a frequent visitor to the [[Waterford Kamhlaba]] [[United World Colleges|United World College]] of Southern Africa (UWCSA). With his wife, they founded the Richard and Sheila Attenborough Visual Arts Centre. He founded the Jane Holland Creative Centre for Learning at Waterford Kamhlaba in [[Swaziland]] in memory of his daughter who died in the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake|tsunami on 26 December 2004]].<ref name="bio"/><br />
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He was a longtime advocate of education that does not judge upon colour, race, creed or religion. His attachment to Waterford was his passion for non-racial education, which were the grounds on which Waterford Kamhlaba was founded. Waterford was one of his inspirations for directing the film ''[[Cry Freedom]]'', based on the life of [[Steve Biko]].<ref name="bio">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000277/bio|title=Richard Attenborough. Biography|publisher=IMDb|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0092804/trivia?ref_=tt_ql_2|title=Cry Freedom (1987). Trivia|publisher=IMDb|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=August 2014}}<br />
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He founded [[Attenborough Arts Centre|The Richard Attenborough Arts Centre]] on the Leicester University campus in 1997, specifically designed to provide access for the disabled, in particular as practitioners.<ref name="Le">{{cite web |url=https://www2.le.ac.uk/hosted/attenborougharts/about|title=Our Vision|website=The University of Leicester. Attenborough Arts Centre|date=8 June 2018|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://disabilityarts.online/directory/embrace-arts/|title=Attenborough Arts Centre|website=Disability Arts Online/|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}<br />
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He was elected to the post of [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] of the [[University of Sussex]] on 20 March 1998, replacing [[Charles Gordon-Lennox, 10th Duke of Richmond|The Duke of Richmond and Gordon]]. He stood down as Chancellor of the university following graduation in July 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theargus.co.uk/search/2235631.Lord_Attenborough_steps_down_as_Sussex_University_chancellor_|title=Lord Attenborough steps down as Sussex University chancellor|first=Richard|last=Gurner|work=The Argus|location=Brighton, UK|access-date=5 June 2011|archive-date=15 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115234123/https://www.theargus.co.uk/search/2235631.Lord_Attenborough_steps_down_as_Sussex_University_chancellor_/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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A lifelong supporter of [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea Football Club]], Attenborough served as a director of the club from 1969 to 1982 and between 1993 and 2008 held the honorary position of Life Vice President. On 30 November 2008 he was honoured with the title of Life President at the club's stadium, [[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|Stamford Bridge]].<br />
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He was also head of the consortium [[Dragon International Film Studios]], which was constructing a film and television studio complex in [[Llanilid]], Wales, nicknamed "Valleywood". In March 2008, the project was placed into administration with debts of £15&nbsp;million and was considered for sale of the assets in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-12632138|work=BBC News|title=Valleywood film studios faces possible sell-off|date=3 March 2011}}</ref> A mooted long-term lease to [[Fox 21 Television Studios|Fox 21]] fell through in 2015, though the facilities continue to be used for filmmaking.<ref>Daniels, Nia. [http://www.theknowledgeonline.com/the-knowledge-bulletin/post/2016/07/13/william-shakespeare-heads-to-wales William Shakespeare heads to Wales] at theknowledgeonline.com, 13 July 2016.</ref><br />
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He had a lifelong ambition to make a film about his hero the political theorist and revolutionary [[Thomas Paine]], whom he called "one of the finest men that ever lived". He said in an interview in 2006 that "I could understand him. He wrote in simple English. I found all his aspirations – the rights of women, the health service, universal education... Everything you can think of that we want is in ''[[Rights of Man]]'' or ''[[The Age of Reason]]'' or ''[[Common Sense (pamphlet)|Common Sense]]''."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/sep/06/tsunami2004.worldcinema|title=Richard Attenborough on laughter, levity and the loss of his daughter|work=The Guardian|location=London, UK|first=Simon|last=Hattenstone|date=6 September 2008|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2009/09/pain-s18.html|title=A New World: A Life of Thomas Paine by Trevor Griffiths|work=World Socialist Website|author=Ann Talbot|date=18 September 2009|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.patheos.com/blogs/filmchat/2008/06/flashback-sir-richard-attenborough-the-grey-owl-interview.html|title=Flashback: Sir Richard Attenborough, the Grey Owl interview|work=Patheos|author=Peter T. Chattaway|date=11 June 2008|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> He could not secure the funding to do so.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/norfolk/3133896.stm|title=Reformer may be captured on film|work=BBC News|date=23 September 2003|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> The website "A Gift for Dickie" was launched by two filmmakers from Luton in June 2008 with the aim of raising £40m in 400 days to help him make the film, but the target was not met and the money that had been raised was refunded.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bedfordtoday.co.uk/news/local/dickie-attenborough-gets-help-from-luton-film-makers-1-1029819|title=Dickie Attenborough gets help from Luton film makers|work=Bedford Today|date=10 June 2008|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.directorsnotes.com/2008/05/05/a-gift-for-dickie|title=A Gift for Dickie|work=Directors Notes|date=5 May 2008|access-date=24 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114234/http://www.directorsnotes.com/2008/05/05/a-gift-for-dickie/|archive-date=26 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Sir Richard Attenborough.jpg|thumb|300px|Lord Attenborough during his term as Chancellor of the [[University of Sussex]], February 2006]]<br />
Attenborough's father was the principal of [[University of Leicester|University College, Leicester]], now the city's university. This resulted in a long association with the university, with Attenborough becoming a patron. The university's Embrace Arts at the RA centre,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.embracearts.co.uk|title=Index – University of Leicester|publisher=Embracearts.co.uk|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> which opened in 1997 is named in his honour. He had two younger brothers: naturalist and broadcaster [[David Attenborough|David]] and [[car dealership|motor trade]] executive [[John Attenborough|John]].<br />
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Attenborough married actress [[Sheila Sim]] in [[Kensington]] on 22 January 1945.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=QmqnRs8Yh2bf6pa71nmD1g&scan=1|title=Index entry|access-date=29 December 2017|work=FreeBMD|publisher=ONS}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Lady Attenborough – obituary |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/12112947/Lady-Attenborough-obituary.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/12112947/Lady-Attenborough-obituary.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London, UK |date=21 January 2016 |access-date=29 December 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> From 1949 until October 2012, they lived in [[Old Friars]] on [[Richmond Green]] in London.<br />
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In the 1940s, he was asked to 'improve his physical condition' for his role as Pinkie in ''Brighton Rock''. He trained with [[Chelsea Football Club]] for a fortnight, subsequently becoming good friends with those at the club. He went on to become a director during the 1970s, helping to prevent the club losing its [[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|home ground]] by holding onto his club shares and donating them, worth over £950,000, to Chelsea. In 2008, Attenborough was appointed [[Chelsea F.C.#Club personnel|Life President of Chelsea Football Club]].<ref>[http://www.chelseafc.com/news/latest-news/2014/08/lord-attenborough-1923-2014.html News: Chelsea Football Club], Chelsea F.C., August 2014.</ref><br />
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On 26 December 2004, the couple's elder daughter, [[Jane Attenborough|Jane Holland]] (30 September 1955 – 26 December 2004), along with her mother-in-law, Audrey Holland, and Attenborough's 15-year-old granddaughter, Lucy, were killed when a tsunami caused by the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|Indian Ocean earthquake]] struck [[Khao Lak]], Thailand, where they were on holiday.<ref name=Telg1479972>{{cite news|last=Born|first=Matt|title=Triple tragedy hits Attenborough family|url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/1479972/Triple-tragedy-hits-Attenborough-family.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/1479972/Triple-tragedy-hits-Attenborough-family.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=13 June 2016|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=29 December 2004|location=London, UK}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4145219.stm|title=Attenborough family's fatal tsunami decision|work=[[BBC News]]|date=18 December 2005|access-date=9 November 2016}}</ref><ref name=GuardJaneObit>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/08/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries|title=Obituary: Jane Attenborough|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=8 April 2005|access-date=9 November 2016}}</ref><br />
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A service was held on 8 March 2005 and Attenborough read a lesson at the national memorial service on 11 May 2005. His grandson Samuel Holland, who survived the tsunami uninjured, and granddaughter Alice Holland, who suffered severe leg injuries, also read in the service.<ref name=GuardJaneObit/> A commemorative plaque was placed in the floor of St Mary Magdalene's parish church in [[Richmond, London|Richmond]]. Attenborough later described the Boxing Day of 2004 as "the worst day of my life". Attenborough had two other children, [[Michael Attenborough|Michael]] (born 13 February 1950) and [[Charlotte Attenborough|Charlotte]] (born 29 June 1959). Michael is a theatre director formerly the Deputy Artistic Director of the RSC and [[artistic director]] of the [[Almeida Theatre]] in London and has been married to actress Karen Lewis since 1984; they have two sons, Tom and [[Will Attenborough|Will]]. Charlotte, an actress, married Graham Sinclair in 1993 and has two children.<ref name=Telg1479972/><br />
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He publicly endorsed the Labour Party in the 2005 General Election, despite his opposition to the [[Iraq War]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/apr/26/election2005.labour Richard Attenborough endorses Labour in 2005 General Election], ''The Guardian'', 26 April 2005.</ref><br />
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Attenborough collected [[Picasso]] [[ceramic art|ceramics]] from the 1950s. More than 100 items went on display at the [[New Walk Museum]] and Art Gallery in Leicester in 2007, in an exhibition dedicated to family members lost in the tsunami.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/article1808736.ece|title=Richard Attenborough's Picasso ceramics|work=The Times|access-date=3 September 2011|location=London, UK|first=Greg|last=Hurst}}</ref><br />
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In 2008, he published an informal autobiography entitled ''Entirely Up to You, Darling'' in association with his colleague Diana Hawkins.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Entirely Up to You, Darling by Richard Attenborough |url=https://www.penguin.com.au/books/entirely-up-to-you-darling-9780099503040 |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=www.penguin.com.au |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hawkins|first=Diana|title=Entirely Up to You, Darling|publisher=Arrow|year=2009|isbn=978-0099503040|location=London|pages=336}}</ref><br />
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===Illness and death===<br />
[[File:St Mary Magdalene's, Richmond, Richard Attenborough memorial.jpg|thumb|upright|Markers for the graves of Richard Attenborough, [[Sheila Sim]], their daughter [[Jane Attenborough|Jane Holland]] and their granddaughter, Lucy, at [[St Mary Magdalene, Richmond]].]]<br />
In August 2008, Attenborough entered hospital with heart problems and was fitted with a [[Artificial cardiac pacemaker|pacemaker]]. In December 2008, he suffered a fall at his home after a stroke<ref name=Telg9954199/> and was admitted to [[St George's Hospital]], [[Tooting]], South West London. In November 2009, Attenborough, in what he called a "house clearance" sale, sold part of his extensive art collection, which included works by [[L. S. Lowry]], [[Christopher R. W. Nevinson]] and [[Graham Sutherland]], generating £4.6&nbsp;million at [[Sotheby's]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Adams|first=Stephen|title=Lord Attenborough's picture sale makes £4.6m at Sotheby's|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/6546233/Lord-Attenboroughs-picture-sale-makes-4.6m-at-Sothebys.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/6546233/Lord-Attenboroughs-picture-sale-makes-4.6m-at-Sothebys.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London, UK|date=11 November 2009}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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In January 2011, he sold his [[Rhubodach]] estate on the Scottish [[Isle of Bute]] for £1.48&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite news|last=Johnson|first=Simon|title=Richard Attenborough seeks compensation after he is forced to sell Scottish estate at knock-down price|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/8276933/Richard-Attenborough-seeks-compensation-after-he-is-forced-to-sell-Scottish-estate-at-knock-down-price.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/8276933/Richard-Attenborough-seeks-compensation-after-he-is-forced-to-sell-Scottish-estate-at-knock-down-price.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London, UK|date=23 January 2011|access-date=25 August 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In May 2011, David Attenborough said his brother had been confined to a wheelchair since his stroke in 2008,<ref name=Telg9954199 /> but was still capable of holding a conversation. He added that "he won't be making any more films."<ref name=Telg8507673>{{cite news|last=Walker|first=Tim|title=Lord Attenborough takes a final bow|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/8507673/Lord-Attenborough-takes-a-final-bow.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/8507673/Lord-Attenborough-takes-a-final-bow.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=5 June 2011|date=12 May 2011|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London, UK}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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In June 2012, shortly before her 90th birthday, [[Sheila Sim]] entered the professional actors' retirement home [[Denville Hall]], in [[Northwood, London|Northwood]], London, for which she and Attenborough had helped raise funds. In October 2012, it was announced that Attenborough was putting the family home, Old Friars, with its attached offices, Beaver Lodge, which came complete with a sound-proofed cinema in the garden, on the market for £11.5&nbsp;million. His brother David stated: "He and his wife both loved the house, but they now need full-time care.<ref name=Telg9430222>{{cite news|title=Lord Attenborough's family rally round as Sheila Sim is hit by illness|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9430222/Lord-Attenboroughs-family-rally-round-as-Sheila-Sim-is-hit-by-illness.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9430222/Lord-Attenboroughs-family-rally-round-as-Sheila-Sim-is-hit-by-illness.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=27 July 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref> It simply isn't practical to keep the house on any more."<ref>Walker, Tim. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/starsandstories/9639303/Lord-Attenborough-gives-up-an-11.5-million-love-affair.html "Lord Attenborough gives up an £11.5 million love affair"], ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (London), 29 October 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2012.</ref> In December 2012, in light of his deteriorating health, Attenborough moved into the same nursing home in London to be with his wife, as confirmed by their son Michael.<ref name=Telg9954199>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9954199/Film-director-Richard-Attenborough-moved-to-care-home.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9954199/Film-director-Richard-Attenborough-moved-to-care-home.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Film director Richard Attenborough moved to care home|first=Melanie|last=Hall|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London, UK|date=26 March 2013|access-date=21 April 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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Attenborough died at Denville Hall, on 24 August 2014, five days before his 91st birthday.<ref name="bbc-death">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-28923074|title=Actor Richard Attenborough dies at 90|date=24 August 2014|access-date=24 August 2014|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="guardian-death">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/aug/24/richard-attenborough-died-aged-90|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London, UK|date=24 August 2014|first=Chris|last=Johnston|title=Richard Attenborough dies aged 90|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> He requested that his ashes be interred in a vault at [[St Mary Magdalene, Richmond|St Mary Magdalene church]] in [[Richmond, London|Richmond]] beside those of his daughter Jane Holland and his granddaughter, Lucy, both of whom had died in the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004 Boxing Day tsunami]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/11910577/Richard-Attenboroughs-last-request-place-my-ashes-with-my-daughter-and-granddaughter.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/11910577/Richard-Attenboroughs-last-request-place-my-ashes-with-my-daughter-and-granddaughter.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Richard Attenborough's last request: place my ashes with my daughter and granddaughter|date=4 October 2015|work=The Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/hollywood/news/Richard-Attenboroughs-ashes-to-be-interred-with-daughter/articleshow/49240702.cms|title=Richard Attenborough's ashes to be interred with daughter|website=The Times of India}}</ref> He was survived by his wife of 69 years, their oldest and youngest children, six grandchildren, two great-grandchildren, and his younger brother [[David Attenborough|David]]. His widow, actress Sheila Sim, died on 19 January 2016, aged 93.<ref>{{cite news |last= Dagan |first=Carmel |date=20 January 2016 |title=Sheila Sims [sic], Actress Who Was Richard Attenborough's Widow, Dies at 93 |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/sheila-sims-dead-richard-attenborough-wife-1201684245/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=8 July 2018}}</ref><br />
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==Honours==<br />
In the [[1967 Birthday Honours]], he was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE).<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=44326 |date=10 June 1967|page=6278 |supp=y}}</ref> He was made a [[Knight Bachelor]] in the [[1976 New Year Honours]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=46777|date=1 January 1976|page=1 |supp=y}}</ref> having the honour conferred on 10 February 1976<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=46828|date=17 February 1976|page=2435}}</ref> and on 30 July 1993 he was created a [[life peer]] as '''Baron Attenborough''', of [[Richmond, London|Richmond upon Thames]] in the [[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.burkes-peerage.net/familyhomepage.aspx?FID=0&FN=ATTENBOROUGH|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811022430/http://www.burkespeerage.com/familyhomepage.aspx?FID=0&FN=ATTENBOROUGH|archive-date=11 August 2011|title=Burke's Peerage – Preview Family Record|publisher=Burkes-peerage.net|access-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="Gazette">{{London Gazette|issue=53397|date=10 August 1993|page=13291 }}</ref><br />
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Although the appointment by [[John Major]] was 'non-political' (it was granted for services to the cinema) and he could have been a [[crossbencher]], Attenborough chose to take the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] whip and so sat on the Labour benches. In 1992 he had been offered a peerage by [[Neil Kinnock]], then leader of the Labour Party, but refused it as he felt unable to commit himself to the time necessary "to do what was required of him in the Upper Chamber, as he always put film-making first".<ref>''Entirely Up To You, Darling'' by Diana Hawkins & Richard Attenborough; pp 245–50; Arrow Books; published 2009; {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}</ref><br />
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Attenborough was the subject of ''[[This Is Your Life (UK TV series)|This Is Your Life]]'' in December 1962 when he was surprised by [[Eamonn Andrews]] at the [[Savoy Hotel]], during a dinner held to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the [[Agatha Christie]] play ''[[The Mousetrap]]'', in which he had been an original cast member.<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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In 1983, Attenborough was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]], India's third highest civilian award,<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |year=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> and the Martin Luther King Jr. Nonviolence Peace Prize by the [[King Center for Nonviolent Social Change|Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thekingcenter.org/the-king-holiday/commemorative-service|title=Commemorative Services: Martin Luther King Jr.|publisher=Thekingcenter.org |access-date=3 September 2011}}</ref> He was also awarded France's most distinguished awards, the [[Legion of Honour]] and the [[Order of Arts and Letters]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/9e5b3252-2bd4-11e4-b052-00144feabdc0|title=Richard Attenborough – face of British cinema for half a century|newspaper=Financial Times |date=24 August 2014}}</ref> and the [[Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo|Order of the Companions of O.R. Tambo]] by the South African government 'for his contribution to the struggle against apartheid'.<br />
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In 1992, the [[Hamburg]]-based [[Alfred Toepfer Stiftung F.V.S.|Alfred Toepfer Foundation]] awarded Attenborough its annual [[Shakespeare Prize]] in recognition of his life's work. The following year he was appointed a Fellow of [[King's College London]].<ref>[http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/history/fellows.aspx Fellows: King's College London], King's College London. Retrieved 2 June 2016.</ref><br />
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On 13 July 2006, Attenborough, along with his brother [[David Attenborough|David]], were awarded the titles of [[Honorary title (academic)|Distinguished Honorary Fellows]] of the [[University of Leicester]] "in recognition of a record of continuing distinguished service to the university".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/ebulletin/news/press-releases/2000-2009/2006/06/nparticle.2006-06-09.8313843344|title=Honorary Degrees and Distinguished Honorary Fellowships Announced by University of Leicester|publisher=University of Leicester|date=9 June 2006|access-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><br />
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On 20 November 2008, Attenborough was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Drama from the [[Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama]] (RSAMD) in [[Glasgow]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7710935.stm |title=Actors honoured by arts academy |work=BBC News |date=5 November 2008 |access-date=8 May 2014}}</ref><br />
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Attenborough was an Honorary Fellow of [[Bangor University]] for his contributions to film making.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bangor.ac.uk/about/alumni/Lord_Attenborough.php.en|title=Lord Attenborough, Honorary Fellow, Bangor University|publisher=Bangor.ac.uk|access-date=5 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607073928/http://www.bangor.ac.uk/about/alumni/Lord_Attenborough.php.en|archive-date=7 June 2011}}</ref><br />
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[[Pinewood Studios]] paid tribute to his body of work by naming a purpose-built {{convert|30000|sqft|adj=on}} [[sound stage]] after him. In his absence because of illness, [[David Puttnam|Lord Puttnam]] and Pinewood chairman [[Michael Grade|Lord Grade]] officially unveiled the stage on 23 April 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinewoodgroup.com/our-studios/uk/news/richard-attenborough-stage-opens-business-pinewood-studios|title=The Richard Attenborough Stage opens for business at Pinewood Studios|publisher=pinewoodgroup.com|date=23 April 2012|access-date=23 April 2012}}</ref><br />
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The Arts for India charity committee honoured Attenborough posthumously on 19 October 2016 at an event hosted at the home of BAFTA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.journalism.net.in/arts-india-honor-sir-richard-attenborough-posthumously/|title=Arts for India to honour Sir Richard Attenborough posthumously|date=16 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year <br />
! Title <br />
! Director <br />
! Producer <br />
|- <br />
| 1960 <br />
| ''[[The Angry Silence]]'' <br />
| <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1961 <br />
| ''[[Whistle Down the Wind (film)|Whistle Down the Wind]]'' <br />
| <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1962 <br />
| ''[[The L-Shaped Room]]'' <br />
| <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1964 <br />
| ''[[Séance on a Wet Afternoon]]'' <br />
| <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1969 <br />
| ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]''<br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1972 <br />
| ''[[Young Winston]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1977 <br />
| ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' <br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1978 <br />
| ''[[Magic (1978 film)|Magic]]'' <br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1982 <br />
| ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1985 <br />
| ''[[A Chorus Line (film)|A Chorus Line]]'' <br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1987 <br />
| ''[[Cry Freedom]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1992 <br />
| ''[[Chaplin (film)|Chaplin]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1993 <br />
| ''[[Shadowlands (1993 film)|Shadowlands]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1996 <br />
| ''[[In Love and War (1996 film)|In Love and War]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1999 <br />
| ''[[Grey Owl (film)|Grey Owl]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 2007 <br />
| ''[[Closing the Ring]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Acting roles ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year <br />
! Title <br />
! Role <br />
! Notes<br />
|- <br />
| 1942 <br />
| ''[[In Which We Serve]]'' <br />
| A young stoker <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1943 <br />
| ''[[Schweik's New Adventures]]'' <br />
| Railway worker <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1944 <br />
| ''[[The Hundred Pound Window]]'' <br />
| Tommy Draper <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1945 <br />
| ''[[Journey Together]]'' <br />
| David Wilton <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1946 <br />
| ''[[A Matter of Life and Death (film)|A Matter of Life and Death]]'' <br />
| An English pilot <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[School for Secrets]]'' <br />
| Jack Arnold <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1947 <br />
| ''[[The Man Within (film)|The Man Within]]'' <br />
| Francis Andrews <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Dancing with Crime]]'' <br />
| Ted Peters <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1948 <br />
| ''[[Brighton Rock (1948 film)|Brighton Rock]]'' <br />
| Pinkie Brown <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[London Belongs to Me]]'' <br />
| Percy Boon <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[The Guinea Pig (film)|The Guinea Pig]]'' <br />
| Jack Read <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 1949 <br />
| ''[[The Lost People]]'' <br />
| Jan <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Boys in Brown]]'' <br />
| Jackie Knowles <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1950 <br />
| ''[[Morning Departure]]'' <br />
| Stoker Snipe <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1951 <br />
| ''[[Hell Is Sold Out]]'' <br />
| Pierre Bonnet <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[The Magic Box]]'' <br />
| Jack Carter <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1952 <br />
| ''[[Gift Horse (film)|Gift Horse]]'' <br />
| Dripper Daniels <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Father's Doing Fine]]'' <br />
| Dougall <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1954 <br />
| ''[[Eight O'Clock Walk]]'' <br />
| Thomas "Tom" Leslie Manning <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1955 <br />
| ''[[The Ship That Died of Shame]]'' <br />
| George Hoskins <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1956 <br />
| ''[[Private's Progress]]'' <br />
| Pvt. Percival Henry Cox <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[The Baby and the Battleship]]'' <br />
| Knocker White <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1957 <br />
| ''[[Brothers in Law (film)|Brothers in Law]]'' <br />
| Henry Marshall <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[The Scamp]]'' <br />
| Stephen Leigh <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1958 <br />
| ''[[Dunkirk (1958 film)|Dunkirk]]'' <br />
| John Holden <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[The Man Upstairs (1958 film)|The Man Upstairs]]'' <br />
| Peter Watson <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Sea of Sand]]'' <br />
| Brody <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=4| 1959 <br />
| ''[[Danger Within]]'' <br />
| Capt. "Bunter" Phillips <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[I'm All Right Jack]]'' <br />
| Sidney De Vere Cox <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jet Storm]]'' <br />
| Ernest Tiller <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[SOS Pacific]]'' <br />
| Whitney Mullen <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1960<br />
| ''[[The Angry Silence]]'' <br />
| Tom Curtis <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[The League of Gentlemen (film)|The League of Gentlemen]]'' <br />
| Lexy <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''Upgreen – And at 'Em '' <br />
| <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1962 <br />
| ''[[Only Two Can Play]]'' <br />
| Gareth L. Probert <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[All Night Long (1962 film)|All Night Long]]'' <br />
| Rod Hamilton <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Dock Brief]]'' aka ''Trial and Error'' <br />
| Herbert Fowle <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1963 <br />
| ''[[The Great Escape (film)|The Great Escape]]'' <br />
| Sqn. Ldr. Roger Bartlett "Big X" <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1964<br />
| ''[[The Third Secret (film)|The Third Secret]]'' <br />
| Alfred Price-Gorham <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Séance on a Wet Afternoon]]'' <br />
| Billy Savage <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Guns at Batasi]]'' <br />
| Regimental Sgt. Major Lauderdale <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1965 <br />
| ''[[The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film)|The Flight of the Phoenix]]'' <br />
| Lew Moran <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1966 <br />
| ''[[The Sand Pebbles (film)|The Sand Pebbles]]'' <br />
| Frenchy Burgoyne <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1967 <br />
| ''[[Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)|Doctor Dolittle]]'' <br />
| Albert Blossom <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1968 <br />
| ''[[Only When I Larf (film)|Only When I Larf]]'' <br />
| Silas <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Bliss of Mrs. Blossom]]'' <br />
| Robert Blossom <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1969 <br />
| ''[[The Magic Christian (film)|The Magic Christian]]'' <br />
| Oxford coach <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1970 <br />
| ''[[The Last Grenade]]'' <br />
| Gen. Charles Whiteley <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Loot (1970 film)|Loot]]'' <br />
| Inspector Truscott <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[A Severed Head (film)|A Severed Head]]'' <br />
| Palmer Anderson <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1971 <br />
| ''[[10 Rillington Place]]''<br />
| [[John Christie (murderer)|John Christie]] <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1972 <br />
| ''Cup Glory'' <br />
| Narrator <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1974 <br />
| ''[[And Then There Were None (1974 film)|And Then There Were None]]'' <br />
| Judge Arthur Cannon <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1975<br />
| ''[[Brannigan (film)|Brannigan]]'' <br />
| Cmdr. Sir Charles Swann <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Rosebud (1975 film)|Rosebud]]'' <br />
| Edward Sloat <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Conduct Unbecoming (1975 film)|Conduct Unbecoming]]'' <br />
| Maj. Lionel E. Roach <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1977 <br />
| ''[[Shatranj Ke Khilari]]'' <br />
| [[Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet|Lt. General Outram]] <br />
| Hindi movie<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' <br />
| Lunatic wearing glasses <br />
| Uncredited<br />
|- <br />
| 1979 <br />
| ''[[The Human Factor (1979 film)|The Human Factor]]'' <br />
| Col. John Daintry <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1993 <br />
| ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'' <br />
| John Hammond <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1994 <br />
| ''[[Miracle on 34th Street (1994 film)|Miracle on 34th Street]]'' <br />
| [[Santa Claus|Kris Kringle]] <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 1996 <br />
| ''E=mc2'' <br />
| The Visitor <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Hamlet (1996 film)|Hamlet]]'' <br />
| English Ambassador to Denmark <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1997<br />
| ''[[The Lost World: Jurassic Park]]'' <br />
| John Hammond <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1998 <br />
| ''[[Elizabeth (film)|Elizabeth]]''<br />
| [[William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley|Sir William Cecil]] <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1999 <br />
| ''[[Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (film)|Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat]]'' <br />
| Jacob <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 2002 <br />
| ''[[Puckoon]]'' <br />
| Narrator <br />
| Final film role<br />
|-<br />
| 2015 <br />
| ''[[Jurassic World]]''<br />
| John Hammond <br />
| Archive audio only<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Video games===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Voice role<br />
|-<br />
| 1997 <br />
| ''[[Chaos Island: The Lost World]]'' <br />
|rowspan=2| John Hammond <ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1306984/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0 |title= Jurassic Park: Chaos Island (video game 1997) - IMDB.com |date=2022-11-18 |website=IMDB.com | access-date=2022-11-18 }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
| 1998 <br />
| ''[[Trespasser (video game)|Trespasser]]'' <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Year<br />
! rowspan="2" | Title<br />
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:160px;"| [[Academy Awards]]<br />
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:160px;"| [[BAFTA Awards]]<br />
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:160px;"| [[Golden Globe Awards]]<br />
|-<br />
! Nominations<br />
! Wins<br />
! Nominations<br />
! Wins<br />
! Nominations<br />
! Wins<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| 1969 <br />
| ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|10<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|6<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
|-<br />
| 1972 <br />
| ''[[Young Winston]]'' <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|3 <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|6<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|2<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
|-<br />
| 1977 <br />
| ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' <br />
| <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|8<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|4<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1978 <br />
| ''[[Magic (1978 film)|Magic]]'' <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1982 <br />
| ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|11<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|8<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|16<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|5<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|5<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|5<br />
|-<br />
| 1985 <br />
| ''[[A Chorus Line (film)|A Chorus Line]]'' <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|3<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|2<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|2<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1987 <br />
| ''[[Cry Freedom]]'' <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|3<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|7<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|4<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1992 <br />
| ''[[Chaplin (film)|Chaplin]]'' <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|3<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|4<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|3<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1993 <br />
| ''[[Shadowlands (1993 film)|Shadowlands]]'' <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|2<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|6<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2"|'''Total'''<br />
!align=center|25<br />
!align=center|8<br />
!align=center|60<br />
!align=center|19<br />
!align=center|18<br />
!align=center|7<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===[[Academy Awards]]===<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Category<br />
! Result<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 1982<br />
|rowspan=2| ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' <br />
| [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===[[BAFTA Awards]]===<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Category<br />
! Result<br />
|-<br />
| 1960 <br />
| ''[[The Angry Silence]]'' <br />
|rowspan=4| Best British Actor<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1962<br />
| ''[[The Dock Brief]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 1964<br />
| ''[[Guns at Batasi]]''<br />
|rowspan=2 {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Séance on a Wet Afternoon]]'' <br />
|-<br />
| 1969 <br />
| ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]''<br />
|rowspan=2| [[BAFTA Award for Best Direction|Best Direction]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1977 <br />
| ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' <br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3| 1982 <br />
|rowspan=2| ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' <br />
| [[BAFTA Award for Best Film|Best Film]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Direction<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=2| [[BAFTA Fellowship]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 1987 <br />
|rowspan=2| ''[[Cry Freedom]]'' <br />
| Best Film<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Direction<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3| 1993 <br />
|rowspan=3| ''[[Shadowlands (1993 film)|Shadowlands]]''<br />
| Best Film<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Direction<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Film|Outstanding British Film]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===[[Golden Globe Awards]]===<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Category<br />
! Result<br />
|-<br />
| 1966 <br />
| ''[[The Sand Pebbles (film)|The Sand Pebbles]]''<br />
|rowspan=2| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actor]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1967 <br />
| ''[[Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)|Doctor Dolittle]]'' <br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1982 <br />
| ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' <br />
|rowspan=3| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1985 <br />
| ''[[A Chorus Line (film)|A Chorus Line]]'' <br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 <br />
| ''[[Cry Freedom]]'' <br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Portrayals==<br />
In early 1973, he was portrayed as "Dickie Attenborough" in the British Showbiz Awards sketch late in the third series of ''[[Monty Python's Flying Circus]]''. Attenborough is portrayed by [[Eric Idle]] as effusive and simpering. A portrayal similar to that seen in ''Monty Python'' can be seen in the early series of ''[[Spitting Image]]'', when Attenborough's caricature regularly appeared to thank others for an imaginary award. <br />
<br />
In 1985 he was played by [[Chris Barrie]] in ''[[The Lenny Henry Show]]'', in the final part of a serial pastiching ''[[A Passage to India (film)|A Passage to India]]'' and ''[[The Jewel in the Crown (TV series)|The Jewel in the Crown]]''. In response to the villain claiming "Gandhi won't win!", he appears in a suit covered in Academy Awards and declares "We've already won!"<br />
<br />
In 2012 Attenborough was portrayed by [[Simon Callow]] in the [[BBC Four]] biopic ''The Best Possible Taste'', about [[Kenny Everett]].<br />
<br />
[[Harris Dickinson]] plays Attenborough in the 2022 comedy murder mystery ''[[See How They Run (2022 film)|See How They Run]]''.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of oldest and youngest Academy Award winners and nominees#Best Director|List of oldest Best Director Academy Award winners]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category|Richard Attenborough}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|0000277}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|4262}}<br />
* [https://www.bafta.org/heritage/features/lord-attenborough-biography,442,BA.html Richard Attenborough Archive] on the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] (BAFTA) site<br />
* [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressrelease/media/media15.html University of Sussex] media release about Lord Attenborough's election as Chancellor, dated Friday, 20 March 1998<br />
* {{NPG name}}<br />
* {{Screenonline name|id=461983|name=Lord Attenborough}}<br />
* [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090104191600/bfi.org.uk/features/attenborough/ Richard Attenborough Stills & Posters Gallery from the British Film Institute]<br />
* [http://www.le.ac.uk/racentre/ Richard Attenborough Centre for Disability and the Arts]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130904002349/http://richardattenborough.co.uk/ Richard Attenborough in Leicester website]<br />
* {{UK Peer links | parliament = richard-attenborough/26829 | hansard = mr-richard-attenborough | hansardcurr = | guardian = | publicwhip = Lord_Attenborough | theywork = lord_attenborough | record = | bbc = 26829.stm | journalisted = }}<br />
* [http://www.virtual-history.com/movie/person/352/richard-attenborough Richard Attenborough] at Virtual History<br />
<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{S-media}}<br />
{{Succession box<br />
| before = –<br />
| title = [[National Film and Television School|NFTS]] Honorary Fellowship<br />
| years =<br />
| after = [[David Lean]], CBE<br />
}}<br />
{{Succession box<br />
| years = 2001–2010<br />
| title = President of the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]]<br />
| before = [[Anne, Princess Royal|The Princess Royal]]<br />
| after = [[Prince William, Duke of Cambridge|Prince William, The Duke of Cambridge]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Succession box|years = 2003–2014|title = President of the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]]|before = ''Unknown''|after = [[Kenneth Branagh|Sir Kenneth Branagh]]}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{Richard Attenborough}}<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
|title = Awards for Richard Attenborough<br />
|list =<br />
{{Academy Award Best Director}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Direction}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{British Film Institute Fellowship}}<br />
{{DirectorsGuildofAmericaAwardFeatureFilm}}<br />
{{Golden Globe Award for Best Director}}<br />
{{Golden Globe Award Best Supporting Actor Motion Picture}}<br />
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1980–89}}<br />
{{Silver Shell for Best Actor}}<br />
}}<br />
{{David Attenborough}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Attenborough, Richard}}<br />
[[Category:1923 births]]<br />
[[Category:2014 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English male actors]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Actors awarded knighthoods]]<br />
[[Category:Actors awarded British peerages]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]]<br />
[[Category:Attenborough family|Richard]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]<br />
[[Category:Best British Actor BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Directing Academy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Director BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Director Golden Globe winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Supporting Actor Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Chelsea F.C.]]<br />
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Directors Guild of America Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:English film directors]]<br />
[[Category:English film producers]]<br />
[[Category:English radio DJs]]<br />
[[Category:English-language film directors]]<br />
[[Category:English male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:English male Shakespearean actors]]<br />
[[Category:English male stage actors]]<br />
[[Category:European Film Awards winners (people)]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of King's College London]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of Emmanuel College, Cambridge]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of St Catherine's College, Oxford]]<br />
[[Category:Filmmakers who won the Best Film BAFTA Award]]<br />
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]<br />
[[Category:Life peers created by Elizabeth II]]<br />
[[Category:Labour Party (UK) life peers]]<br />
[[Category:Labour Party (UK) people]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Cambridgeshire]]<br />
[[Category:People associated with the University of Leicester]]<br />
[[Category:People educated at Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys]]<br />
[[Category:People from Cambridge]]<br />
[[Category:People from Leicester]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Praemium Imperiale]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Air Force airmen]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Air Force personnel of World War II]]<br />
[[Category:Producers who won the Best Picture Academy Award]]<br />
[[Category:Chairmen of Channel 4]]<br />
[[Category:Military personnel from Cambridgeshire]]<br />
[[Category:Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Attenborough&diff=1134976748Richard Attenborough2023-01-21T21:16:14Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1134908751 by Peter Philim (talk) A Baronetcy outweighs a Knighthood. You don't mention the knighthood if you've mentioned the Baronetcy.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|English actor and filmmaker (1923–2014)}}<br />
{{pp-move-indef}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=June 2011}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]<br />
| name = The Lord Attenborough<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE|FRSA}}<br />
| image = RichardAttenborough07TIFF.jpg<br />
| caption = Attenborough at the [[2007 Toronto International Film Festival|2007 TIFF]]<br />
| birth_name = Richard Samuel Attenborough<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1923|8|29}}<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2014|8|24|1923|8|29}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Cambridge]], England<br />
| death_place = {{nowrap|[[Northwood, London]], England}}<br />
| resting_place = [[St Mary Magdalene, Richmond]], London<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Sheila Sim]]|22 January 1945|<!--2014 omitted per instructions on Template:Marriage- when marriage ends on death of subject rather than subject's spouse-->}}<br />
| children = {{hlist|[[Michael Attenborough|Michael]]|[[Jane Attenborough|Jane]]|[[Charlotte Attenborough|Charlotte]]}}<br />
| father = [[Frederick Attenborough]]<br />
| mother = {{#ifexist:Mary Attenborough|[[Mary Attenborough|Mary Clegg]]}}<br />
| relatives = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[David Attenborough]] (brother)<br />
* [[John Attenborough]] (brother)<br />
* [[Gerald Sim]] (brother-in-law)<br />
* [[Tom Attenborough]] (grandson)<br />
* [[Will Attenborough]] (grandson)<br />
}}<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|filmmaker|entrepreneur}}<br />
| party = [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]<br />
| module = {{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes<br />
| office = [[Member of the House of Lords]]<br />
| status = [[Lords Temporal|Lord Temporal]]<br />
| term_start = 30 July 1993<br />
| term_end = 24 August 2014<br />
| term_label = [[Life peer]]age}}<br />
| module2 = {{Infobox military person |embed=yes<br />
| allegiance = United Kingdom<br />
| branch = [[Royal Air Force]]<br />
| serviceyears = 1940–1945<br />
| unit = [[Royal Air Force Film Production Unit|Film Production Unit]]<br />
| rank = [[Sergeant]]<br />
| battles = [[Second World War]]}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Richard Samuel Attenborough, Baron Attenborough''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|CBE|FRSA}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|t|ən|b|ər|ə}}; 29 August 1923{{spaced ndash}}24 August 2014) was an English actor, filmmaker, and entrepreneur. He was the president of the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] (RADA) and the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] (BAFTA), as well as the life president of [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea FC]]. He joined the [[Royal Air Force]] during the [[Second World War]] and served in the film unit, going on several bombing raids over Europe and filming the action from the rear gunner's position. He was the older brother of broadcaster Sir [[David Attenborough]] and motor executive [[John Attenborough]]. He was married to actress [[Sheila Sim]] from 1945 until his death.<br />
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As an actor, he is best remembered for his film roles in ''[[Brighton Rock (1948 film)|Brighton Rock]]'' (1948), ''[[I'm All Right Jack]]'' (1959), ''[[The Great Escape (film)|The Great Escape]]'' (1963), ''[[The Sand Pebbles (film)|The Sand Pebbles]]'' (1966), ''[[Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)|Doctor Dolittle]]'' (1967), ''[[10 Rillington Place]]'' (1971), ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'' (1993), and ''[[Miracle on 34th Street (1994 film)|Miracle on 34th Street]]'' (1994). In 1952 he appeared on the [[West End theatre|West End stage]], originating the role of Detective Sergeant Trotter in [[Agatha Christie]]'s ''[[The Mousetrap]]'' which has since become the world's longest-running play.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Mousetrap at 60: why is this the world's longest-running play? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2012/nov/20/mousetrap-60-years-agatha-christie |access-date=20 July 2022 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><br />
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For his directorial debut, 1969's ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]'', Attenborough was nominated for the [[BAFTA Award for Best Direction]], and he was nominated for his films ''[[Young Winston]]'', ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'', and ''[[Cry Freedom]]''. He won two [[Academy Awards]] for ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' in 1983: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]]. The [[British Film Institute|BFI]] ranked ''Gandhi'' the [[BFI Top 100 British films|34th greatest British film of the 20th century]]. Attenborough also won four [[British Academy Film Awards|BAFTA Awards]], four [[Golden Globe Awards]], and the 1983 [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement.<br />
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==Early life==<br />
Attenborough was born on 29 August 1923<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1398450/Richard-Attenborough|title=Richard Attenborough|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|Encyclopædia Britannica]]|date=9 November 2013|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> in [[Cambridge]], the eldest of three sons of Mary Attenborough (née Clegg), a founding member of the [[Marriage Guidance Council]], and [[Frederick Attenborough|Frederick Levi Attenborough]], a scholar and academic administrator who was a fellow at [[Emmanuel College, Cambridge]], and wrote a standard text on [[Anglo-Saxon law]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/38/Richard-Attenborough.html|title=Richard Attenborough profile at|publisher=Filmreference.com|access-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.movies.yahoo.com/person/richard-attenborough/biography.html|title=Richard Attenborough biography|publisher=Yahoo!|access-date=8 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508224805/https://uk.movies.yahoo.com/person/richard-attenborough/biography.html|archive-date=8 May 2014}}</ref> Attenborough was educated at [[Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys]] in [[Leicester]] and studied at [[RADA]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Attenborough, Baron cr 1993 (Life Peer), of Richmond upon Thames, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, (Richard Samuel Attenborough) (29 Aug. 1923–24 Aug. 2014)|url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-5972|access-date=29 August 2021|website=WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO|year=2007|language=en|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U5972|isbn=978-0-19-954089-1}}</ref><br />
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In September 1939, while Frederick Attenborough was Principal of [[University College, Leicester]] (1932–1951), the Attenboroughs took in two German [[Kindertransport|Jewish refugee]] girls, Helga and Irene Bejach (aged 9 and 11 respectively), who lived with them in College House and were adopted by the family after the war when it was discovered that their parents had been killed.<ref>{{cite news|author= Elgott, Jessica |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/the-children-britain-took-to-its-heart-1.8535?highlight=attenborough |title=The children Britain took to its heart |work=[[The Jewish Chronicle]]|date=2 April 2009 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> The sisters moved to the United States in the 1950s and lived with an uncle, where they married and took American citizenship; Irene died in 1992 and Helga in 2005.<ref>''Entirely Up To You, Darling'' by Diana Hawkins & Richard Attenborough; pp. 29–30; paperback; Arrow Books; published 2009; {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}</ref><br />
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During the Second World War, Attenborough served in the [[Royal Air Force]]. After initial pilot training he was seconded to the newly formed [[Royal Air Force Film Production Unit]] at [[Pinewood Studios]], under the command of Flight Lieutenant [[John Boulting]] (whose brother [[Peter Cotes]] later directed Attenborough in the play ''[[The Mousetrap]]'') where he appeared with [[Edward G. Robinson]] in the propaganda film ''[[Journey Together]]'' (1945). He then volunteered to fly with the Film Unit and after further training, where he sustained permanent ear damage, qualified as a sergeant, flying on several operations over Europe filming from the rear gunner's position to record the outcome of [[RAF Bomber Command]] sorties.<ref>''Entirely Up To You, Darling'' by Diana Hawkins & Richard Attenborough; pp. 88–95; paperback; Arrow Books; published 2009; {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}</ref><br />
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==Acting career==<br />
Attenborough's acting career started on stage and he appeared in shows at Leicester's [[Little Theatre (Leicester)|Little Theatre]], Dover Street, prior to his going to [[RADA]], where he remained Patron until his death. Attenborough's first major credited role was provided in [[Brian Desmond Hurst]]'s ''[[The Hundred Pound Window]]'' (1944) playing Tommy Draper who helps rescue his accountant father who has taken a wrong turn in life. Attenborough's film career had begun in 1942, however, in an uncredited role as a sailor deserting his post under fire in the [[Noël Coward]]/[[David Lean]] production ''[[In Which We Serve]]'' (his name and character were omitted from the original release-print credits), a role that helped type-cast him for many years as a [[spiv]] in films like ''[[London Belongs to Me]]'' (1948), ''[[Morning Departure]]'' (1950) and his breakthrough role as [[Pinkie Brown]] in [[John Boulting]]'s film adaptation of [[Graham Greene]]'s novel ''[[Brighton Rock (1947 film)|Brighton Rock]]'' (1947), a role that he had previously played to great acclaim at the [[Garrick Theatre]] in 1943. He played the lead at age 22 as an RAF cadet pilot in ''[[Journey Together]]'' (1945), in which top-billed [[Edward G. Robinson]] played his instructor. <br />
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In 1949, exhibitors voted him the sixth most popular British actor at the box office.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2759831 |title=Bob Hope Takes Lead from Bing in Popularity. |newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]] (ACT: 1926–1954) |location=ACT |date=31 December 1949 |access-date=27 April 2012 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><br />
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Early in his stage career, Attenborough starred in the [[West End theatre|West End]] production of [[Agatha Christie]]'s ''[[The Mousetrap]]'', which went on to become the world's longest running stage production. Both he and his wife were among the original cast members of the production, which opened in 1952 at the [[Ambassadors Theatre (London)|Ambassadors Theatre]], moving to [[St Martin's Theatre]] in 1974; the production ran continuously for nearly seven decades, until it was shut down by the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic]] in 2020. The Attenboroughs took a 10 per cent profit-participation in the production, which was paid for out of their combined weekly salary; Attenborough later wrote in his autobiography, "It proved to be the wisest business decision I've ever made... but foolishly I sold some of my share to open a short-lived Mayfair restaurant called 'The Little Elephant' and later still, disposed of the remainder in order to keep ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' afloat."<ref>''Entirely Up To You, Darling'' by Diana Hawkins & Richard Attenborough; page 180; paperback; Arrow Books; published 2009; {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of the 1950s Attenborough featured on radio on the [[BBC Light Programme]] introducing records.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/656f9afff7134c55a271f709472f2248|title=Richard Attenborough's RECORD RENDEZVOUS|journal=Radio Times|date=1 April 1950|issue=1380|pages=41|via=BBC Genome}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Richard Attenborough - 1965.jpg|thumb|upright|in ''Flight of the Phoenix'' (1965)]]<br />
Attenborough worked prolifically in British films for the next 30 years, including in the 1950s, appearing in several successful comedies for [[Boulting brothers|John and Roy Boulting]], such as ''[[Private's Progress]]'' (1956) and ''[[I'm All Right Jack]]'' (1959).<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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In 1963, he appeared alongside [[Steve McQueen]] and [[James Garner]] in ''[[The Great Escape (film)|The Great Escape]]'' as RAF Squadron Leader Roger Bartlett ("Big X"), the head of the escape committee, based on the real-life exploits of [[Roger Bushell]]. It was his first appearance in a major Hollywood film blockbuster and his most successful film thus far.<ref name="imdb" /> During the 1960s, he expanded his range of character roles in films such as ''[[Séance on a Wet Afternoon]]'' (1964) and ''[[Guns at Batasi]]'' (1964), for which he won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor]] for his portrayal of [[Regimental Sergeant Major]] Lauderdale. In 1965 he played Lew Moran opposite [[James Stewart]] in ''[[The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film)|The Flight of the Phoenix]]''. In 1967 and 1968, he won back-to-back [[Golden Globe Awards]] in the category of [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actor]], the first time for ''[[The Sand Pebbles (film)|The Sand Pebbles]]'', again co-starring Steve McQueen, and the second time for ''[[Doctor Dolittle (film)|Doctor Dolittle]]'' starring [[Rex Harrison]].<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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His portrayal of the [[serial killer]] [[John Christie (murderer)|John Christie]] in ''[[10 Rillington Place]]'' (1971) garnered excellent reviews. In 1977, he played the ruthless [[Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet|General Outram]], again to great acclaim, in the Indian director [[Satyajit Ray]]'s period piece ''[[Shatranj Ke Khilari|The Chess Players]]''.<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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He took no acting roles following his appearance in [[Otto Preminger]]'s version of ''[[The Human Factor (1979 film)|The Human Factor]]'' (1979) until his appearance as John Hammond in [[Steven Spielberg]]'s ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'' (1993) and the film's sequel, ''[[The Lost World: Jurassic Park]]'' (1997). He starred in the remake of ''[[Miracle on 34th Street (1994 film)|Miracle on 34th Street]]'' (1994) as [[Santa Claus|Kris Kringle]]. Later he made occasional appearances in supporting roles, including as [[William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley|Sir William Cecil]] in the historical drama ''[[Elizabeth (film)|Elizabeth]]'' (1998), Jacob in ''[[Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (film)|Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat]]'' and as "The Narrator" in the [[Puckoon#Film|film adaptation]] of [[Spike Milligan]]'s comedy book ''[[Puckoon]]'' (2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2002/jul/23/artsfeatures |location=London, UK |work=The Guardian |first=Bob |last=Flynn |title=Arts: Filming Spike Milligan's Puckoon |date=2 August 2002}}</ref><br />
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He made his only appearance in a film adaptation of [[Shakespeare]] when he played the English ambassador who announces that [[Rosencrantz and Guildenstern]] are dead at the end of [[Kenneth Branagh]]'s ''[[Hamlet (1996 film)|Hamlet]]'' (1996).<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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==Producer and director==<br />
In the late 1950s, Attenborough formed a production company, Beaver Films, with [[Bryan Forbes]] and began to build a profile as a producer on projects including ''[[The League of Gentlemen (film)|The League of Gentlemen]]'' (1959), ''[[The Angry Silence]]'' (1960) and ''[[Whistle Down the Wind (film)|Whistle Down the Wind]]'' (1961), appearing in the cast of the first two films.<ref name="imdb" /> His performance in ''The Angry Silence'' earned him his first nomination for a BAFTA. ''Séance on a Wet Afternoon'' won him his first BAFTA award.<br />
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His feature film directorial debut was the all-star screen version of the hit musical ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]'' (1969), after which his acting appearances became sporadic as he concentrated more on directing and producing. He later directed two epic period films: ''[[Young Winston]]'' (1972), based on the early life of [[Winston Churchill]], and ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' (1977), an all-star account of Second World War [[Operation Market Garden]].<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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He won the 1982 [[Academy Award for Best Director]] for his historical epic ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'', and as the film's producer, the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]; the same film garnered two [[Golden Globes]], this time for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]] and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Film]], in 1983. He had been attempting to get the project made for 18 years.<ref name="imdb" /> He directed [[A Chorus Line (film)|the screen version]] of the musical ''[[A Chorus Line]]'' (1985) and the [[Internal resistance to apartheid|anti-apartheid]] drama ''[[Cry Freedom]]'' (1987). He was nominated for a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director]] for both films.<ref name="imdb">{{IMDb name|0000277}}</ref> The success of the latter film prompted Attenborough to sign a contract with [[Universal Pictures]] to produce and direct films over the next five years, set to produce three films for the studio, and timetable calls would be set up by January and the first production was slated for release by 1989.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 November 1987 |title=U Extends Contract With Attenborough As 'Freedom' Bows |pages=4, 23 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref><br />
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His later films as director and producer include ''[[Chaplin (film)|Chaplin]]'' (1992) starring [[Robert Downey Jr.]], as [[Charlie Chaplin]] and ''[[Shadowlands (1993 film)|Shadowlands]]'' (1993), based on the relationship between [[C. S. Lewis]] and [[Joy Davidman|Joy Gresham]] ([[C. S. Lewis]] was portrayed by [[Anthony Hopkins]], who had appeared in four previous films for Attenborough: ''Young Winston'', ''A Bridge Too Far'', ''[[Magic (1978 film)|Magic]]'' and ''Chaplin'').<br />
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Between 2006 and 2007, he spent time in [[Belfast]], working on his last film as director and producer, ''[[Closing the Ring]]'', a love story set in Belfast during the Second World War, and starring [[Shirley MacLaine]], [[Christopher Plummer]] and [[Pete Postlethwaite]].<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i66abf6954df1d43ff4b99604a6253a3c Works nabs U.K. rights to ''Closing The Ring''] from ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]''</ref><br />
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Despite maintaining an acting career alongside his directorial roles, Attenborough never directed himself (save for an uncredited cameo appearance in ''A Bridge Too Far'').<ref name="IMDb_cast">{{cite web |title=A Bridge Too Far - Full Cast & Crew |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0075784/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast |publisher=IMDb |year=1977}}</ref><br />
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==Later projects==<br />
[[File:Richard Attenborough 1975.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Attenborough in 1975]]<br />
After 33 years of dedicated service as President of the [[Muscular Dystrophy]] campaign, Attenborough became the charity's Honorary Life President in 2004. In 2012, the charity, which leads the fight against muscle-wasting conditions in the UK, established the Richard Attenborough Fellowship Fund to honour his lifelong commitment to the charity, and to ensure the future of clinical research and training at leading UK neuromuscular centres.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.muscular-dystrophy.org/waystodonate/fund_a_scientist/richard_attenborough_fellowship_fund|title=Richard Attenborough Fellowship Fund|publisher=Muscular-dystrophy.org|access-date=24 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105051506/http://www.muscular-dystrophy.org/waystodonate/fund_a_scientist/richard_attenborough_fellowship_fund|archive-date=5 November 2014}}</ref><br />
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Attenborough was also the patron of the [[United World Colleges]] movement, whereby he contributed to the colleges that are part of the organisation. He was a frequent visitor to the [[Waterford Kamhlaba]] [[United World Colleges|United World College]] of Southern Africa (UWCSA). With his wife, they founded the Richard and Sheila Attenborough Visual Arts Centre. He founded the Jane Holland Creative Centre for Learning at Waterford Kamhlaba in [[Swaziland]] in memory of his daughter who died in the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake|tsunami on 26 December 2004]].<ref name="bio"/><br />
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He was a longtime advocate of education that does not judge upon colour, race, creed or religion. His attachment to Waterford was his passion for non-racial education, which were the grounds on which Waterford Kamhlaba was founded. Waterford was one of his inspirations for directing the film ''[[Cry Freedom]]'', based on the life of [[Steve Biko]].<ref name="bio">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000277/bio|title=Richard Attenborough. Biography|publisher=IMDb|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0092804/trivia?ref_=tt_ql_2|title=Cry Freedom (1987). Trivia|publisher=IMDb|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=August 2014}}<br />
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He founded [[Attenborough Arts Centre|The Richard Attenborough Arts Centre]] on the Leicester University campus in 1997, specifically designed to provide access for the disabled, in particular as practitioners.<ref name="Le">{{cite web |url=https://www2.le.ac.uk/hosted/attenborougharts/about|title=Our Vision|website=The University of Leicester. Attenborough Arts Centre|date=8 June 2018|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://disabilityarts.online/directory/embrace-arts/|title=Attenborough Arts Centre|website=Disability Arts Online/|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}<br />
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He was elected to the post of [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] of the [[University of Sussex]] on 20 March 1998, replacing [[Charles Gordon-Lennox, 10th Duke of Richmond|The Duke of Richmond and Gordon]]. He stood down as Chancellor of the university following graduation in July 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theargus.co.uk/search/2235631.Lord_Attenborough_steps_down_as_Sussex_University_chancellor_|title=Lord Attenborough steps down as Sussex University chancellor|first=Richard|last=Gurner|work=The Argus|location=Brighton, UK|access-date=5 June 2011|archive-date=15 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115234123/https://www.theargus.co.uk/search/2235631.Lord_Attenborough_steps_down_as_Sussex_University_chancellor_/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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A lifelong supporter of [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea Football Club]], Attenborough served as a director of the club from 1969 to 1982 and between 1993 and 2008 held the honorary position of Life Vice President. On 30 November 2008 he was honoured with the title of Life President at the club's stadium, [[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|Stamford Bridge]].<br />
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He was also head of the consortium [[Dragon International Film Studios]], which was constructing a film and television studio complex in [[Llanilid]], Wales, nicknamed "Valleywood". In March 2008, the project was placed into administration with debts of £15&nbsp;million and was considered for sale of the assets in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-12632138|work=BBC News|title=Valleywood film studios faces possible sell-off|date=3 March 2011}}</ref> A mooted long-term lease to [[Fox 21 Television Studios|Fox 21]] fell through in 2015, though the facilities continue to be used for filmmaking.<ref>Daniels, Nia. [http://www.theknowledgeonline.com/the-knowledge-bulletin/post/2016/07/13/william-shakespeare-heads-to-wales William Shakespeare heads to Wales] at theknowledgeonline.com, 13 July 2016.</ref><br />
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He had a lifelong ambition to make a film about his hero the political theorist and revolutionary [[Thomas Paine]], whom he called "one of the finest men that ever lived". He said in an interview in 2006 that "I could understand him. He wrote in simple English. I found all his aspirations – the rights of women, the health service, universal education... Everything you can think of that we want is in ''[[Rights of Man]]'' or ''[[The Age of Reason]]'' or ''[[Common Sense (pamphlet)|Common Sense]]''."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/sep/06/tsunami2004.worldcinema|title=Richard Attenborough on laughter, levity and the loss of his daughter|work=The Guardian|location=London, UK|first=Simon|last=Hattenstone|date=6 September 2008|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2009/09/pain-s18.html|title=A New World: A Life of Thomas Paine by Trevor Griffiths|work=World Socialist Website|author=Ann Talbot|date=18 September 2009|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.patheos.com/blogs/filmchat/2008/06/flashback-sir-richard-attenborough-the-grey-owl-interview.html|title=Flashback: Sir Richard Attenborough, the Grey Owl interview|work=Patheos|author=Peter T. Chattaway|date=11 June 2008|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> He could not secure the funding to do so.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/norfolk/3133896.stm|title=Reformer may be captured on film|work=BBC News|date=23 September 2003|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> The website "A Gift for Dickie" was launched by two filmmakers from Luton in June 2008 with the aim of raising £40m in 400 days to help him make the film, but the target was not met and the money that had been raised was refunded.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bedfordtoday.co.uk/news/local/dickie-attenborough-gets-help-from-luton-film-makers-1-1029819|title=Dickie Attenborough gets help from Luton film makers|work=Bedford Today|date=10 June 2008|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.directorsnotes.com/2008/05/05/a-gift-for-dickie|title=A Gift for Dickie|work=Directors Notes|date=5 May 2008|access-date=24 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114234/http://www.directorsnotes.com/2008/05/05/a-gift-for-dickie/|archive-date=26 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Sir Richard Attenborough.jpg|thumb|300px|Lord Attenborough during his term as Chancellor of the [[University of Sussex]], February 2006]]<br />
Attenborough's father was the principal of [[University of Leicester|University College, Leicester]], now the city's university. This resulted in a long association with the university, with Attenborough becoming a patron. The university's Embrace Arts at the RA centre,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.embracearts.co.uk|title=Index – University of Leicester|publisher=Embracearts.co.uk|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> which opened in 1997 is named in his honour. He had two younger brothers: naturalist and broadcaster [[David Attenborough|David]] and [[car dealership|motor trade]] executive [[John Attenborough|John]].<br />
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Attenborough married actress [[Sheila Sim]] in [[Kensington]] on 22 January 1945.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=QmqnRs8Yh2bf6pa71nmD1g&scan=1|title=Index entry|access-date=29 December 2017|work=FreeBMD|publisher=ONS}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Lady Attenborough – obituary |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/12112947/Lady-Attenborough-obituary.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/12112947/Lady-Attenborough-obituary.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London, UK |date=21 January 2016 |access-date=29 December 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> From 1949 until October 2012, they lived in [[Old Friars]] on [[Richmond Green]] in London.<br />
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In the 1940s, he was asked to 'improve his physical condition' for his role as Pinkie in ''Brighton Rock''. He trained with [[Chelsea Football Club]] for a fortnight, subsequently becoming good friends with those at the club. He went on to become a director during the 1970s, helping to prevent the club losing its [[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|home ground]] by holding onto his club shares and donating them, worth over £950,000, to Chelsea. In 2008, Attenborough was appointed [[Chelsea F.C.#Club personnel|Life President of Chelsea Football Club]].<ref>[http://www.chelseafc.com/news/latest-news/2014/08/lord-attenborough-1923-2014.html News: Chelsea Football Club], Chelsea F.C., August 2014.</ref><br />
<br />
On 26 December 2004, the couple's elder daughter, [[Jane Attenborough|Jane Holland]] (30 September 1955 – 26 December 2004), along with her mother-in-law, Audrey Holland, and Attenborough's 15-year-old granddaughter, Lucy, were killed when a tsunami caused by the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|Indian Ocean earthquake]] struck [[Khao Lak]], Thailand, where they were on holiday.<ref name=Telg1479972>{{cite news|last=Born|first=Matt|title=Triple tragedy hits Attenborough family|url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/1479972/Triple-tragedy-hits-Attenborough-family.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/1479972/Triple-tragedy-hits-Attenborough-family.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=13 June 2016|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=29 December 2004|location=London, UK}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4145219.stm|title=Attenborough family's fatal tsunami decision|work=[[BBC News]]|date=18 December 2005|access-date=9 November 2016}}</ref><ref name=GuardJaneObit>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/08/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries|title=Obituary: Jane Attenborough|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=8 April 2005|access-date=9 November 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
A service was held on 8 March 2005 and Attenborough read a lesson at the national memorial service on 11 May 2005. His grandson Samuel Holland, who survived the tsunami uninjured, and granddaughter Alice Holland, who suffered severe leg injuries, also read in the service.<ref name=GuardJaneObit/> A commemorative plaque was placed in the floor of St Mary Magdalene's parish church in [[Richmond, London|Richmond]]. Attenborough later described the Boxing Day of 2004 as "the worst day of my life". Attenborough had two other children, [[Michael Attenborough|Michael]] (born 13 February 1950) and [[Charlotte Attenborough|Charlotte]] (born 29 June 1959). Michael is a theatre director formerly the Deputy Artistic Director of the RSC and [[artistic director]] of the [[Almeida Theatre]] in London and has been married to actress Karen Lewis since 1984; they have two sons, Tom and [[Will Attenborough|Will]]. Charlotte, an actress, married Graham Sinclair in 1993 and has two children.<ref name=Telg1479972/><br />
<br />
He publicly endorsed the Labour Party in the 2005 General Election, despite his opposition to the [[Iraq War]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/apr/26/election2005.labour Richard Attenborough endorses Labour in 2005 General Election], ''The Guardian'', 26 April 2005.</ref><br />
<br />
Attenborough collected [[Picasso]] [[ceramic art|ceramics]] from the 1950s. More than 100 items went on display at the [[New Walk Museum]] and Art Gallery in Leicester in 2007, in an exhibition dedicated to family members lost in the tsunami.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/article1808736.ece|title=Richard Attenborough's Picasso ceramics|work=The Times|access-date=3 September 2011|location=London, UK|first=Greg|last=Hurst}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2008, he published an informal autobiography entitled ''Entirely Up to You, Darling'' in association with his colleague Diana Hawkins.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Entirely Up to You, Darling by Richard Attenborough |url=https://www.penguin.com.au/books/entirely-up-to-you-darling-9780099503040 |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=www.penguin.com.au |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hawkins|first=Diana|title=Entirely Up to You, Darling|publisher=Arrow|year=2009|isbn=978-0099503040|location=London|pages=336}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Illness and death===<br />
[[File:St Mary Magdalene's, Richmond, Richard Attenborough memorial.jpg|thumb|upright|Markers for the graves of Richard Attenborough, [[Sheila Sim]], their daughter [[Jane Attenborough|Jane Holland]] and their granddaughter, Lucy, at [[St Mary Magdalene, Richmond]].]]<br />
In August 2008, Attenborough entered hospital with heart problems and was fitted with a [[Artificial cardiac pacemaker|pacemaker]]. In December 2008, he suffered a fall at his home after a stroke<ref name=Telg9954199/> and was admitted to [[St George's Hospital]], [[Tooting]], South West London. In November 2009, Attenborough, in what he called a "house clearance" sale, sold part of his extensive art collection, which included works by [[L. S. Lowry]], [[Christopher R. W. Nevinson]] and [[Graham Sutherland]], generating £4.6&nbsp;million at [[Sotheby's]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Adams|first=Stephen|title=Lord Attenborough's picture sale makes £4.6m at Sotheby's|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/6546233/Lord-Attenboroughs-picture-sale-makes-4.6m-at-Sothebys.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/6546233/Lord-Attenboroughs-picture-sale-makes-4.6m-at-Sothebys.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London, UK|date=11 November 2009}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2011, he sold his [[Rhubodach]] estate on the Scottish [[Isle of Bute]] for £1.48&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite news|last=Johnson|first=Simon|title=Richard Attenborough seeks compensation after he is forced to sell Scottish estate at knock-down price|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/8276933/Richard-Attenborough-seeks-compensation-after-he-is-forced-to-sell-Scottish-estate-at-knock-down-price.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/8276933/Richard-Attenborough-seeks-compensation-after-he-is-forced-to-sell-Scottish-estate-at-knock-down-price.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London, UK|date=23 January 2011|access-date=25 August 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In May 2011, David Attenborough said his brother had been confined to a wheelchair since his stroke in 2008,<ref name=Telg9954199 /> but was still capable of holding a conversation. He added that "he won't be making any more films."<ref name=Telg8507673>{{cite news|last=Walker|first=Tim|title=Lord Attenborough takes a final bow|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/8507673/Lord-Attenborough-takes-a-final-bow.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/8507673/Lord-Attenborough-takes-a-final-bow.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=5 June 2011|date=12 May 2011|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London, UK}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
In June 2012, shortly before her 90th birthday, [[Sheila Sim]] entered the professional actors' retirement home [[Denville Hall]], in [[Northwood, London|Northwood]], London, for which she and Attenborough had helped raise funds. In October 2012, it was announced that Attenborough was putting the family home, Old Friars, with its attached offices, Beaver Lodge, which came complete with a sound-proofed cinema in the garden, on the market for £11.5&nbsp;million. His brother David stated: "He and his wife both loved the house, but they now need full-time care.<ref name=Telg9430222>{{cite news|title=Lord Attenborough's family rally round as Sheila Sim is hit by illness|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9430222/Lord-Attenboroughs-family-rally-round-as-Sheila-Sim-is-hit-by-illness.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9430222/Lord-Attenboroughs-family-rally-round-as-Sheila-Sim-is-hit-by-illness.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=27 July 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref> It simply isn't practical to keep the house on any more."<ref>Walker, Tim. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/starsandstories/9639303/Lord-Attenborough-gives-up-an-11.5-million-love-affair.html "Lord Attenborough gives up an £11.5 million love affair"], ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (London), 29 October 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2012.</ref> In December 2012, in light of his deteriorating health, Attenborough moved into the same nursing home in London to be with his wife, as confirmed by their son Michael.<ref name=Telg9954199>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9954199/Film-director-Richard-Attenborough-moved-to-care-home.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9954199/Film-director-Richard-Attenborough-moved-to-care-home.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Film director Richard Attenborough moved to care home|first=Melanie|last=Hall|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London, UK|date=26 March 2013|access-date=21 April 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
Attenborough died at Denville Hall, on 24 August 2014, five days before his 91st birthday.<ref name="bbc-death">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-28923074|title=Actor Richard Attenborough dies at 90|date=24 August 2014|access-date=24 August 2014|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="guardian-death">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/aug/24/richard-attenborough-died-aged-90|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London, UK|date=24 August 2014|first=Chris|last=Johnston|title=Richard Attenborough dies aged 90|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> He requested that his ashes be interred in a vault at [[St Mary Magdalene, Richmond|St Mary Magdalene church]] in [[Richmond, London|Richmond]] beside those of his daughter Jane Holland and his granddaughter, Lucy, both of whom had died in the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004 Boxing Day tsunami]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/11910577/Richard-Attenboroughs-last-request-place-my-ashes-with-my-daughter-and-granddaughter.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/11910577/Richard-Attenboroughs-last-request-place-my-ashes-with-my-daughter-and-granddaughter.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Richard Attenborough's last request: place my ashes with my daughter and granddaughter|date=4 October 2015|work=The Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/hollywood/news/Richard-Attenboroughs-ashes-to-be-interred-with-daughter/articleshow/49240702.cms|title=Richard Attenborough's ashes to be interred with daughter|website=The Times of India}}</ref> He was survived by his wife of 69 years, their oldest and youngest children, six grandchildren, two great-grandchildren, and his younger brother [[David Attenborough|David]]. His widow, actress Sheila Sim, died on 19 January 2016, aged 93.<ref>{{cite news |last= Dagan |first=Carmel |date=20 January 2016 |title=Sheila Sims [sic], Actress Who Was Richard Attenborough's Widow, Dies at 93 |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/sheila-sims-dead-richard-attenborough-wife-1201684245/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=8 July 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Honours==<br />
In the [[1967 Birthday Honours]], he was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE).<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=44326 |date=10 June 1967|page=6278 |supp=y}}</ref> He was made a [[Knight Bachelor]] in the [[1976 New Year Honours]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=46777|date=1 January 1976|page=1 |supp=y}}</ref> having the honour conferred on 10 February 1976<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=46828|date=17 February 1976|page=2435}}</ref> and on 30 July 1993 he was created a [[life peer]] as '''Baron Attenborough''', of [[Richmond, London|Richmond upon Thames]] in the [[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.burkes-peerage.net/familyhomepage.aspx?FID=0&FN=ATTENBOROUGH|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811022430/http://www.burkespeerage.com/familyhomepage.aspx?FID=0&FN=ATTENBOROUGH|archive-date=11 August 2011|title=Burke's Peerage – Preview Family Record|publisher=Burkes-peerage.net|access-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="Gazette">{{London Gazette|issue=53397|date=10 August 1993|page=13291 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Although the appointment by [[John Major]] was 'non-political' (it was granted for services to the cinema) and he could have been a [[crossbencher]], Attenborough chose to take the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] whip and so sat on the Labour benches. In 1992 he had been offered a peerage by [[Neil Kinnock]], then leader of the Labour Party, but refused it as he felt unable to commit himself to the time necessary "to do what was required of him in the Upper Chamber, as he always put film-making first".<ref>''Entirely Up To You, Darling'' by Diana Hawkins & Richard Attenborough; pp 245–50; Arrow Books; published 2009; {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}</ref><br />
<br />
Attenborough was the subject of ''[[This Is Your Life (UK TV series)|This Is Your Life]]'' in December 1962 when he was surprised by [[Eamonn Andrews]] at the [[Savoy Hotel]], during a dinner held to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the [[Agatha Christie]] play ''[[The Mousetrap]]'', in which he had been an original cast member.<ref name="imdb" /><br />
<br />
In 1983, Attenborough was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]], India's third highest civilian award,<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |year=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> and the Martin Luther King Jr. Nonviolence Peace Prize by the [[King Center for Nonviolent Social Change|Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thekingcenter.org/the-king-holiday/commemorative-service|title=Commemorative Services: Martin Luther King Jr.|publisher=Thekingcenter.org |access-date=3 September 2011}}</ref> He was also awarded France's most distinguished awards, the [[Legion of Honour]] and the [[Order of Arts and Letters]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/9e5b3252-2bd4-11e4-b052-00144feabdc0|title=Richard Attenborough – face of British cinema for half a century|newspaper=Financial Times |date=24 August 2014}}</ref> and the [[Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo|Order of the Companions of O.R. Tambo]] by the South African government 'for his contribution to the struggle against apartheid'.<br />
<br />
In 1992, the [[Hamburg]]-based [[Alfred Toepfer Stiftung F.V.S.|Alfred Toepfer Foundation]] awarded Attenborough its annual [[Shakespeare Prize]] in recognition of his life's work. The following year he was appointed a Fellow of [[King's College London]].<ref>[http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/history/fellows.aspx Fellows: King's College London], King's College London. Retrieved 2 June 2016.</ref><br />
<br />
On 13 July 2006, Attenborough, along with his brother [[David Attenborough|David]], were awarded the titles of [[Honorary title (academic)|Distinguished Honorary Fellows]] of the [[University of Leicester]] "in recognition of a record of continuing distinguished service to the university".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/ebulletin/news/press-releases/2000-2009/2006/06/nparticle.2006-06-09.8313843344|title=Honorary Degrees and Distinguished Honorary Fellowships Announced by University of Leicester|publisher=University of Leicester|date=9 June 2006|access-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 20 November 2008, Attenborough was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Drama from the [[Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama]] (RSAMD) in [[Glasgow]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7710935.stm |title=Actors honoured by arts academy |work=BBC News |date=5 November 2008 |access-date=8 May 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
Attenborough was an Honorary Fellow of [[Bangor University]] for his contributions to film making.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bangor.ac.uk/about/alumni/Lord_Attenborough.php.en|title=Lord Attenborough, Honorary Fellow, Bangor University|publisher=Bangor.ac.uk|access-date=5 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607073928/http://www.bangor.ac.uk/about/alumni/Lord_Attenborough.php.en|archive-date=7 June 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Pinewood Studios]] paid tribute to his body of work by naming a purpose-built {{convert|30000|sqft|adj=on}} [[sound stage]] after him. In his absence because of illness, [[David Puttnam|Lord Puttnam]] and Pinewood chairman [[Michael Grade|Lord Grade]] officially unveiled the stage on 23 April 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinewoodgroup.com/our-studios/uk/news/richard-attenborough-stage-opens-business-pinewood-studios|title=The Richard Attenborough Stage opens for business at Pinewood Studios|publisher=pinewoodgroup.com|date=23 April 2012|access-date=23 April 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Arts for India charity committee honoured Attenborough posthumously on 19 October 2016 at an event hosted at the home of BAFTA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.journalism.net.in/arts-india-honor-sir-richard-attenborough-posthumously/|title=Arts for India to honour Sir Richard Attenborough posthumously|date=16 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year <br />
! Title <br />
! Director <br />
! Producer <br />
|- <br />
| 1960 <br />
| ''[[The Angry Silence]]'' <br />
| <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1961 <br />
| ''[[Whistle Down the Wind (film)|Whistle Down the Wind]]'' <br />
| <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1962 <br />
| ''[[The L-Shaped Room]]'' <br />
| <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1964 <br />
| ''[[Séance on a Wet Afternoon]]'' <br />
| <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1969 <br />
| ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]''<br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1972 <br />
| ''[[Young Winston]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1977 <br />
| ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' <br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1978 <br />
| ''[[Magic (1978 film)|Magic]]'' <br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1982 <br />
| ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1985 <br />
| ''[[A Chorus Line (film)|A Chorus Line]]'' <br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1987 <br />
| ''[[Cry Freedom]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1992 <br />
| ''[[Chaplin (film)|Chaplin]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1993 <br />
| ''[[Shadowlands (1993 film)|Shadowlands]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1996 <br />
| ''[[In Love and War (1996 film)|In Love and War]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 1999 <br />
| ''[[Grey Owl (film)|Grey Owl]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
|-<br />
| 2007 <br />
| ''[[Closing the Ring]]'' <br />
| {{yes}} <br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Acting roles ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year <br />
! Title <br />
! Role <br />
! Notes<br />
|- <br />
| 1942 <br />
| ''[[In Which We Serve]]'' <br />
| A young stoker <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1943 <br />
| ''[[Schweik's New Adventures]]'' <br />
| Railway worker <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1944 <br />
| ''[[The Hundred Pound Window]]'' <br />
| Tommy Draper <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1945 <br />
| ''[[Journey Together]]'' <br />
| David Wilton <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1946 <br />
| ''[[A Matter of Life and Death (film)|A Matter of Life and Death]]'' <br />
| An English pilot <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[School for Secrets]]'' <br />
| Jack Arnold <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1947 <br />
| ''[[The Man Within (film)|The Man Within]]'' <br />
| Francis Andrews <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Dancing with Crime]]'' <br />
| Ted Peters <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1948 <br />
| ''[[Brighton Rock (1948 film)|Brighton Rock]]'' <br />
| Pinkie Brown <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[London Belongs to Me]]'' <br />
| Percy Boon <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[The Guinea Pig (film)|The Guinea Pig]]'' <br />
| Jack Read <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 1949 <br />
| ''[[The Lost People]]'' <br />
| Jan <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Boys in Brown]]'' <br />
| Jackie Knowles <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1950 <br />
| ''[[Morning Departure]]'' <br />
| Stoker Snipe <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1951 <br />
| ''[[Hell Is Sold Out]]'' <br />
| Pierre Bonnet <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[The Magic Box]]'' <br />
| Jack Carter <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1952 <br />
| ''[[Gift Horse (film)|Gift Horse]]'' <br />
| Dripper Daniels <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Father's Doing Fine]]'' <br />
| Dougall <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1954 <br />
| ''[[Eight O'Clock Walk]]'' <br />
| Thomas "Tom" Leslie Manning <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1955 <br />
| ''[[The Ship That Died of Shame]]'' <br />
| George Hoskins <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1956 <br />
| ''[[Private's Progress]]'' <br />
| Pvt. Percival Henry Cox <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[The Baby and the Battleship]]'' <br />
| Knocker White <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1957 <br />
| ''[[Brothers in Law (film)|Brothers in Law]]'' <br />
| Henry Marshall <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[The Scamp]]'' <br />
| Stephen Leigh <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1958 <br />
| ''[[Dunkirk (1958 film)|Dunkirk]]'' <br />
| John Holden <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[The Man Upstairs (1958 film)|The Man Upstairs]]'' <br />
| Peter Watson <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Sea of Sand]]'' <br />
| Brody <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=4| 1959 <br />
| ''[[Danger Within]]'' <br />
| Capt. "Bunter" Phillips <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[I'm All Right Jack]]'' <br />
| Sidney De Vere Cox <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jet Storm]]'' <br />
| Ernest Tiller <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[SOS Pacific]]'' <br />
| Whitney Mullen <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1960<br />
| ''[[The Angry Silence]]'' <br />
| Tom Curtis <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[The League of Gentlemen (film)|The League of Gentlemen]]'' <br />
| Lexy <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''Upgreen – And at 'Em '' <br />
| <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1962 <br />
| ''[[Only Two Can Play]]'' <br />
| Gareth L. Probert <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[All Night Long (1962 film)|All Night Long]]'' <br />
| Rod Hamilton <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Dock Brief]]'' aka ''Trial and Error'' <br />
| Herbert Fowle <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1963 <br />
| ''[[The Great Escape (film)|The Great Escape]]'' <br />
| Sqn. Ldr. Roger Bartlett "Big X" <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1964<br />
| ''[[The Third Secret (film)|The Third Secret]]'' <br />
| Alfred Price-Gorham <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Séance on a Wet Afternoon]]'' <br />
| Billy Savage <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Guns at Batasi]]'' <br />
| Regimental Sgt. Major Lauderdale <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1965 <br />
| ''[[The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film)|The Flight of the Phoenix]]'' <br />
| Lew Moran <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1966 <br />
| ''[[The Sand Pebbles (film)|The Sand Pebbles]]'' <br />
| Frenchy Burgoyne <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1967 <br />
| ''[[Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)|Doctor Dolittle]]'' <br />
| Albert Blossom <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1968 <br />
| ''[[Only When I Larf (film)|Only When I Larf]]'' <br />
| Silas <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Bliss of Mrs. Blossom]]'' <br />
| Robert Blossom <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1969 <br />
| ''[[The Magic Christian (film)|The Magic Christian]]'' <br />
| Oxford coach <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1970 <br />
| ''[[The Last Grenade]]'' <br />
| Gen. Charles Whiteley <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Loot (1970 film)|Loot]]'' <br />
| Inspector Truscott <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[A Severed Head (film)|A Severed Head]]'' <br />
| Palmer Anderson <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1971 <br />
| ''[[10 Rillington Place]]''<br />
| [[John Christie (murderer)|John Christie]] <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1972 <br />
| ''Cup Glory'' <br />
| Narrator <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1974 <br />
| ''[[And Then There Were None (1974 film)|And Then There Were None]]'' <br />
| Judge Arthur Cannon <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=3| 1975<br />
| ''[[Brannigan (film)|Brannigan]]'' <br />
| Cmdr. Sir Charles Swann <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Rosebud (1975 film)|Rosebud]]'' <br />
| Edward Sloat <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Conduct Unbecoming (1975 film)|Conduct Unbecoming]]'' <br />
| Maj. Lionel E. Roach <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
|rowspan=2| 1977 <br />
| ''[[Shatranj Ke Khilari]]'' <br />
| [[Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet|Lt. General Outram]] <br />
| Hindi movie<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' <br />
| Lunatic wearing glasses <br />
| Uncredited<br />
|- <br />
| 1979 <br />
| ''[[The Human Factor (1979 film)|The Human Factor]]'' <br />
| Col. John Daintry <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1993 <br />
| ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'' <br />
| John Hammond <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1994 <br />
| ''[[Miracle on 34th Street (1994 film)|Miracle on 34th Street]]'' <br />
| [[Santa Claus|Kris Kringle]] <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 1996 <br />
| ''E=mc2'' <br />
| The Visitor <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| ''[[Hamlet (1996 film)|Hamlet]]'' <br />
| English Ambassador to Denmark <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1997<br />
| ''[[The Lost World: Jurassic Park]]'' <br />
| John Hammond <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1998 <br />
| ''[[Elizabeth (film)|Elizabeth]]''<br />
| [[William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley|Sir William Cecil]] <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 1999 <br />
| ''[[Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (film)|Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat]]'' <br />
| Jacob <br />
|<br />
|- <br />
| 2002 <br />
| ''[[Puckoon]]'' <br />
| Narrator <br />
| Final film role<br />
|-<br />
| 2015 <br />
| ''[[Jurassic World]]''<br />
| John Hammond <br />
| Archive audio only<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Video games===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Voice role<br />
|-<br />
| 1997 <br />
| ''[[Chaos Island: The Lost World]]'' <br />
|rowspan=2| John Hammond <ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1306984/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0 |title= Jurassic Park: Chaos Island (video game 1997) - IMDB.com |date=2022-11-18 |website=IMDB.com | access-date=2022-11-18 }}</ref><br />
|- <br />
| 1998 <br />
| ''[[Trespasser (video game)|Trespasser]]'' <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards and nominations==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" | Year<br />
! rowspan="2" | Title<br />
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:160px;"| [[Academy Awards]]<br />
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:160px;"| [[BAFTA Awards]]<br />
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:160px;"| [[Golden Globe Awards]]<br />
|-<br />
! Nominations<br />
! Wins<br />
! Nominations<br />
! Wins<br />
! Nominations<br />
! Wins<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| 1969 <br />
| ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|10<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|6<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
|-<br />
| 1972 <br />
| ''[[Young Winston]]'' <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|3 <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|6<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|2<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
|-<br />
| 1977 <br />
| ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' <br />
| <br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|8<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|4<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1978 <br />
| ''[[Magic (1978 film)|Magic]]'' <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
|<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 1982 <br />
| ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|11<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|8<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|16<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|5<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|5<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|5<br />
|-<br />
| 1985 <br />
| ''[[A Chorus Line (film)|A Chorus Line]]'' <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|3<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|2<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|2<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1987 <br />
| ''[[Cry Freedom]]'' <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|3<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|7<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|4<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1992 <br />
| ''[[Chaplin (film)|Chaplin]]'' <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|3<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|4<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|3<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1993 <br />
| ''[[Shadowlands (1993 film)|Shadowlands]]'' <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|2<br />
| <br />
| style="text-align:center;"|6<br />
| style="text-align:center;"|1<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2"|'''Total'''<br />
!align=center|25<br />
!align=center|8<br />
!align=center|60<br />
!align=center|19<br />
!align=center|18<br />
!align=center|7<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===[[Academy Awards]]===<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Category<br />
! Result<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 1982<br />
|rowspan=2| ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' <br />
| [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===[[BAFTA Awards]]===<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Category<br />
! Result<br />
|-<br />
| 1960 <br />
| ''[[The Angry Silence]]'' <br />
|rowspan=4| Best British Actor<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1962<br />
| ''[[The Dock Brief]]''<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 1964<br />
| ''[[Guns at Batasi]]''<br />
|rowspan=2 {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Séance on a Wet Afternoon]]'' <br />
|-<br />
| 1969 <br />
| ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]''<br />
|rowspan=2| [[BAFTA Award for Best Direction|Best Direction]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1977 <br />
| ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' <br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3| 1982 <br />
|rowspan=2| ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' <br />
| [[BAFTA Award for Best Film|Best Film]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Direction<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=2| [[BAFTA Fellowship]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| 1987 <br />
|rowspan=2| ''[[Cry Freedom]]'' <br />
| Best Film<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Direction<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3| 1993 <br />
|rowspan=3| ''[[Shadowlands (1993 film)|Shadowlands]]''<br />
| Best Film<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| Best Direction<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Film|Outstanding British Film]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===[[Golden Globe Awards]]===<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Category<br />
! Result<br />
|-<br />
| 1966 <br />
| ''[[The Sand Pebbles (film)|The Sand Pebbles]]''<br />
|rowspan=2| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actor]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1967 <br />
| ''[[Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)|Doctor Dolittle]]'' <br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1982 <br />
| ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' <br />
|rowspan=3| [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]]<br />
| {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1985 <br />
| ''[[A Chorus Line (film)|A Chorus Line]]'' <br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1987 <br />
| ''[[Cry Freedom]]'' <br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Portrayals==<br />
In early 1973, he was portrayed as "Dickie Attenborough" in the British Showbiz Awards sketch late in the third series of ''[[Monty Python's Flying Circus]]''. Attenborough is portrayed by [[Eric Idle]] as effusive and simpering. A portrayal similar to that seen in ''Monty Python'' can be seen in the early series of ''[[Spitting Image]]'', when Attenborough's caricature regularly appeared to thank others for an imaginary award. <br />
<br />
In 1985 he was played by [[Chris Barrie]] in ''[[The Lenny Henry Show]]'', in the final part of a serial pastiching ''[[A Passage to India (film)|A Passage to India]]'' and ''[[The Jewel in the Crown (TV series)|The Jewel in the Crown]]''. In response to the villain claiming "Gandhi won't win!", he appears in a suit covered in Academy Awards and declares "We've already won!"<br />
<br />
In 2012 Attenborough was portrayed by [[Simon Callow]] in the [[BBC Four]] biopic ''The Best Possible Taste'', about [[Kenny Everett]].<br />
<br />
[[Harris Dickinson]] plays Attenborough in the 2022 comedy murder mystery ''[[See How They Run (2022 film)|See How They Run]]''.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of oldest and youngest Academy Award winners and nominees#Best Director|List of oldest Best Director Academy Award winners]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category|Richard Attenborough}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|0000277}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|4262}}<br />
* [https://www.bafta.org/heritage/features/lord-attenborough-biography,442,BA.html Richard Attenborough Archive] on the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] (BAFTA) site<br />
* [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressrelease/media/media15.html University of Sussex] media release about Lord Attenborough's election as Chancellor, dated Friday, 20 March 1998<br />
* {{NPG name}}<br />
* {{Screenonline name|id=461983|name=Lord Attenborough}}<br />
* [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090104191600/bfi.org.uk/features/attenborough/ Richard Attenborough Stills & Posters Gallery from the British Film Institute]<br />
* [http://www.le.ac.uk/racentre/ Richard Attenborough Centre for Disability and the Arts]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130904002349/http://richardattenborough.co.uk/ Richard Attenborough in Leicester website]<br />
* {{UK Peer links | parliament = richard-attenborough/26829 | hansard = mr-richard-attenborough | hansardcurr = | guardian = | publicwhip = Lord_Attenborough | theywork = lord_attenborough | record = | bbc = 26829.stm | journalisted = }}<br />
* [http://www.virtual-history.com/movie/person/352/richard-attenborough Richard Attenborough] at Virtual History<br />
<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{S-media}}<br />
{{Succession box<br />
| before = –<br />
| title = [[National Film and Television School|NFTS]] Honorary Fellowship<br />
| years =<br />
| after = [[David Lean]], CBE<br />
}}<br />
{{Succession box<br />
| years = 2001–2010<br />
| title = President of the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]]<br />
| before = [[Anne, Princess Royal|The Princess Royal]]<br />
| after = [[Prince William, Duke of Cambridge|Prince William, The Duke of Cambridge]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Succession box|years = 2003–2014|title = President of the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]]|before = ''Unknown''|after = [[Kenneth Branagh|Sir Kenneth Branagh]]}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{Richard Attenborough}}<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
|title = Awards for Richard Attenborough<br />
|list =<br />
{{Academy Award Best Director}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Direction}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{British Film Institute Fellowship}}<br />
{{DirectorsGuildofAmericaAwardFeatureFilm}}<br />
{{Golden Globe Award for Best Director}}<br />
{{Golden Globe Award Best Supporting Actor Motion Picture}}<br />
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1980–89}}<br />
{{Silver Shell for Best Actor}}<br />
}}<br />
{{David Attenborough}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Attenborough, Richard}}<br />
[[Category:1923 births]]<br />
[[Category:2014 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English male actors]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Actors awarded knighthoods]]<br />
[[Category:Actors awarded British peerages]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]]<br />
[[Category:Attenborough family|Richard]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]<br />
[[Category:Best British Actor BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Directing Academy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Director BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Director Golden Globe winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Supporting Actor Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Chelsea F.C.]]<br />
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Directors Guild of America Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:English film directors]]<br />
[[Category:English film producers]]<br />
[[Category:English radio DJs]]<br />
[[Category:English-language film directors]]<br />
[[Category:English male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:English male Shakespearean actors]]<br />
[[Category:English male stage actors]]<br />
[[Category:European Film Awards winners (people)]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of King's College London]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of Emmanuel College, Cambridge]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of St Catherine's College, Oxford]]<br />
[[Category:Filmmakers who won the Best Film BAFTA Award]]<br />
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]<br />
[[Category:Life peers created by Elizabeth II]]<br />
[[Category:Labour Party (UK) life peers]]<br />
[[Category:Labour Party (UK) people]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Cambridgeshire]]<br />
[[Category:People associated with the University of Leicester]]<br />
[[Category:People educated at Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys]]<br />
[[Category:People from Cambridge]]<br />
[[Category:People from Leicester]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Praemium Imperiale]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Air Force airmen]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Air Force personnel of World War II]]<br />
[[Category:Producers who won the Best Picture Academy Award]]<br />
[[Category:Chairmen of Channel 4]]<br />
[[Category:Military personnel from Cambridgeshire]]<br />
[[Category:Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Mirren&diff=1120527958Helen Mirren2022-11-07T13:25:11Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1120517718 by 92.233.224.159 (talk) READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR and it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|English actor (born 1945)}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Dame]]<br />
| name = Helen Mirren<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}}<br />
| image = Helen Mirren-2208 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Mirren in 2020<br />
| alt = Mirren at the 2020 Berlin International Film Festival<br />
| birth_name = Helen Lydia Mironoff<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1945|7|26}}<br />
| birth_place = London, England<!--No boroughs/neighbourhoods, just cities per format.--><br />
| citizenship = {{hlist|United Kingdom|United States}}<br />
| occupation = Actor<!-- READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR and it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --><br />
| years_active = 1965–present<br />
| party = {{nowrap|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (2020–present)<ref name="democrat">{{cite web |last1=Jackson |first1=Hugh |title=Helen Mirren for governor |url=https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |publisher=Nevada Current |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022204617/https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |archive-date=22 October 2020 |date=22 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|United States affiliation}}}}<br />
| otherparty = [[Independent voter|Independent]]<ref name="independent">{{cite web |title=Helen Mirren: Her crowning achievement |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |work=The Independent |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708131908/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |archive-date=8 July 2022 |date=18 August 2006 |quote="I've never been a member of Labour, or any political party for that matter, but in 1997 I wanted to get rid of the Conservatives; wanted to get rid of that appalling lot." |url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|United Kingdom affiliation}}<br />
| works = [[Helen Mirren on screen and stage|Full list]]<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Taylor Hackford]]|31 December 1997}}<br />
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Simon Mirren]] (nephew)|[[Tania Mallet]] (cousin)|[[Rio Hackford]] (stepson)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/rio-hackford-dead-mandalorian-1235233527/|title=Rio Hackford, Club Owner and Actor, Dies at 52|first=Pat|last=Saperstein|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=15 April 2022|access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>}}<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Full list]]<br />
| website = {{URL|helenmirren.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dame Helen Mirren''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} (born '''Helen Lydia Mironoff'''; born 26 July 1945) is an English<!--as per [[MOS:BIO]]; became notable as English and not British-American--> actor.<!--PLEASE READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --> The recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|numerous accolades]], she is the only performer to have achieved the [[Triple Crown of Acting]] in both the United States and [[Triple Crown (UK entertainment)|the United Kingdom]]. She received an [[Academy Award]] and a [[British Academy Film Award]] for her portrayal of [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'', a [[Tony Award]] and a [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for the same role in ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]'', three [[British Academy Television Awards]] for her performance as DCI Jane Tennison in ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', and four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]] including two for ''Prime Suspect''.<br />
<br />
Mirren's stage performance as [[Cleopatra]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[National Youth Theatre]] in 1965 provided her an opportunity to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]], before making her [[West End theatre|West End]] stage debut in 1975. She subsequently went on to achieve success in film and television, appearing in films such as ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001), and ''[[The Last Station]]'' (2009), receiving Academy Award nominations for each of those performances. For her role on ''Prime Suspect,'' which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] (1992, 1993 and 1994) — a record of consecutive wins shared with Dame [[Julie Walters]] — and two [[Primetime Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/helen-mirren |title=Helen Mirren |website=[[Emmy Award]] |access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> She played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), and [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in the film ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006); she is the only actor to have portrayed both of the regnant Elizabeths on screen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Helen Mirren, at 75, remains the queen of acting |url=https://www.dw.com/en/why-helen-mirren-at-75-remains-the-queen-of-acting/a-52429296 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
After her breakthrough role in ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980), Mirren appeared in a variety of other films including ''[[Cal (1984 film)|Cal]]'' (1984), for which she won the [[Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress]], ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover]]'' (1989), ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003), ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]'' (2010), ''[[The Debt (2010 film)|The Debt]]'' (2010), ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'' (2012), ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' (2014), ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'' (2015), ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'' (2015), and ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' (2017). She has also appeared in several action films such as ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'' (2010) and its sequel ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]'' (2013), as well as in the ''[[Fast & Furious]]'' film franchise ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'' (2017), ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]'' (2019), and ''[[F9 (film)|F9]]'' (2021).<br />
<br />
In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref name="Damehood">{{London Gazette|issue=56963|supp=y|page=7 |date=14 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Ceremony">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |title=Dame Helen centre stage at palace |date=5 December 2003 |website=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725070213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |archive-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> In 2013 she received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]],<ref name="Walk of fame">{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |title=Helen Mirren Gets Hollywood Walk of Fame Star |date=4 January 2013 |website=[[Sky News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116224406/http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> and in 2014 she received the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]].<ref name="bafta.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/helen-mirren-fellowship-2014,4076,BA.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren&nbsp;– BAFTA Fellow in 2014 |date=26 January 2014 |website=BAFTA |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> In 2021, she was announced as the recipient of the [[Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grater |first1=Tom |title=Helen Mirren To Receive SAG Life Achievement Award |url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/helen-mirren-sag-life-achievement-award-1234876685/ |website=Deadline |date=18 November 2021 |access-date=November 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
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==Early life==<br />
<!-- Although it is common to have an 'a' at the end of a woman's patronymic, when Russian families moved to the UK, they often "froze" their surnames and didn't follow the old patronymic rules any more. The same applies to other nationalities like Icelandic and those from Nordic countries. Had she been born in Russia, Helen Mirren likely would have been named Yelena or Ilyena Vasilyeva Mironova. But she was born in the UK and was named Helen Lydia Mironoff --><br />
Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff at [[Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital]] in the [[Hammersmith]] district of [[London]]<ref name=birth>{{cite web |url=http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=bmd%2fb%2f1945%2f3%2faz%2f000858%2f014 |title=England & Wales births 1837–2006 Transcription |website=[[Findmypast]] |access-date=6 June 2016 |quote=Her birth was registered in the Hammersmith registration district |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='Whenever I see the Queen, I think, "Oh ... there I am"': The right royal progress of Helen Mirren |first=Neil |last=Norman |date=10 March 2013 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> on 26 July 1945,<ref name="biography.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/helen-mirren-547434 |title=Helen Mirren Biography: Actress (1945–) |website=[[Biography.com]] |publisher=[[FYI (TV network)|FYI]]/[[A&E Networks]] |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=ker>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002fa_fact1 |title=Command Performance: The reign of Helen Mirren |last=Lahr |first=John |date=2 October 2006 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=24 October 2010}}</ref> to an English mother and Russian father.<ref name=nationsmemory>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |title=Helen Mirren |website=Nation's Memorybank |access-date=5 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207044313/http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref> Her mother, Kathleen "Kitty" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (née Rogers; 1908–1996), was a working-class woman from [[West Ham]], the thirteenth of fourteen children born to a butcher whose own father was the butcher to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name=nationsmemory/>{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=34}} Mirren's father, Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913–1980), was a member of an exiled family of the [[Russian nobility]]; he was taken to England when he was two by his father, Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov.<ref name=nationsmemory/> Pyotr Mironov, who owned a family estate near Gzhatsk (now [[Gagarin, Smolensk Oblast|Gagarin]]), was part of the Russian aristocracy. His mother, Mirren's great-grandmother, was Countess Lydia Andreevna Kamenskaya, an aristocrat and a descendant of [[Mikhail Kamensky|Count Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky]], a prominent Russian general in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=ker/><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/news/tn-vsl-xpm-2006-09-28-lap-queen0921-story.html| title=Behind the Scene:God Save The Queen| date=28 September 2006| newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Susan E.| last=James}}</ref> Pyotr Mironov served as a colonel in the [[Imperial Russian Army]] and fought in the 1904 [[Russo-Japanese War]]. He became a diplomat and was negotiating an arms deal in Britain when he and his family were stranded by the [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917.<ref name="NYTJacobs">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212214734/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| archive-date=12 February 2020| url-status=bot: unknown| title=Helen Mirren Plays Catherine II in the Years That Made Her 'the Great'| date=21 October 2019| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Julia| last=Jacobs| url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222071030/http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |archive-date=22 February 2019 |title=Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov Collection: The Russian Government Committee in London (1914–1939) |date=11 September 2009 |website=University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies Library |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> He settled in England and became a London cab driver to support his family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/helen-mirrens-in-the-prime-of-life-7239430.html |title=Helen Mirren's in the prime of life |date=13 July 2017 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Vasily Mironoff also worked as a cab driver and then played the viola with the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] before [[World War II]].<ref name=nationsmemory/> He was an ambulance driver during the war, and served in the [[East End of London]] during [[the Blitz]].{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=22}} He and Kathleen Rogers married in Hammersmith in 1938, and at some point before 1951 he anglicised his first name to Basil.<ref name=Gazette/> Shortly after Helen's birth, her father left the orchestra and returned to driving a cab to support the family. He later worked as a driving-test examiner, then became a civil servant with the [[Department for Transport|Ministry of Transport]].<ref name="biography.com"/><ref name=nationsmemory/> In 1951, he changed the family name to Mirren by [[deed poll]].<ref name=Gazette>{{London Gazette |date=12 October 1951 |issue=39356 |page= 5331 |supp=y}}</ref> Mirren considers her upbringing to have been "very anti-monarchist".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |title=Helen Mirren, British Royal Tea? |first=Natalie |last=Finn |date=26 February 2007 |website=[[E! News]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012090005/http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |archive-date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> She was the second of three children; she has an older sister Katherine ("Kate"; born 1942) and had a younger brother Peter Basil (1947–2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/189510/helen-mirren-fondly-remembers-late-costar-alan-rickman |title=Helen Mirren fondly remembers late costar Alan Rickman |last=Nepales |first=Ruben V. |date=7 February 2016 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |location=Manila |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Her paternal cousin was [[Tania Mallet]], a model and [[Bond girl]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47772012 |title=Goldfinger actress dies aged 77 |date=1 April 2019 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Mirren was brought up in [[Leigh-on-Sea]], Essex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Helen Mirren interview |last=Piccalo |first=Gina |date=7 February 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=6 November 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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Mirren attended Hamlet Court primary school in [[Westcliff-on-Sea]], where she had the lead role in a school production of ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]'',{{sfn|Mirren|2011|pp=47–48}}<ref name=autobiography>{{cite book |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |first=Helen |last=Mirren |date=25 March 2008 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |isbn=978-1-41656-760-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/inframemylifeinw0000mirr }}</ref> and [[St Bernard's High School for Girls]] in [[Southend-on-Sea]], where she also acted in school productions. She subsequently attended a teaching college, the [[Middlesex University|New College of Speech and Drama]] in London, "housed within [[Anna Pavlova]]'s old home, Ivy House" on North End Road. At 18 she successfully auditioned for the [[National Youth Theatre]] (NYT); and at 20, she played [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra]] in the NYT production of ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Old Vic]], a role which she says "launched my career"<ref>{{cite news |title=Fame Academy: Where Daniel Craig, Helen Mirren and Colin Firth learned to act |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=22 April 2020 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and led to her signing with agent [[Albert Parker (director)|Al Parker]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Waterman |first=Ivan |date=2003 |title=Helen Mirren: The Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Metro Books |pages=[https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 18–22, 26–29] |isbn=1843580535 }}</ref><br />
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==Theatre career==<br />
===Early years===<br />
As a result of her work for the National Youth Theatre, Mirren was invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (RSC). While with the RSC, she played Castiza in [[Trevor Nunn]]'s 1966 staging of ''[[The Revenger's Tragedy]]'', Diana in ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (1967), Cressida in ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'' (1968), Rosalind<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |title=Helen Mirren – Biography |website=[[TalkTalk Group|TalkTalk]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233618/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> in ''[[As You Like It]]'' (1968), Julia in ''[[The Two Gentlemen of Verona]]'' (1970), Tatiana in [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]]'s ''Enemies'' at the [[Aldwych Theatre|Aldwych]] (1971), and the title role in ''[[Miss Julie]]'' at [[The Other Place (theatre)|The Other Place]] (1971). She also appeared in four productions, directed by [[Braham Murray]] for Century Theatre at the University Theatre in Manchester, between 1965 and 1967.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Braham |author-link=Braham Murray |year=2007 |title=The Worst It Can Be Is a Disaster |location=London |publisher=Methuen Drama |isbn=978-0-7136-8490-2}}</ref><br />
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In 1970, the director and producer [[John Goldschmidt]] made a documentary film, ''Doing Her Own Thing'', about Mirren during her time with the Royal Shakespeare Company. Made for [[Associated TeleVision|ATV]], it was shown on the ITV network in the UK. In 1972 and 1973, Mirren worked with [[Peter Brook]]'s International Centre for Theatre Research and joined the group's tour in North Africa and the US, during which they created ''[[The Conference of the Birds]]''. She then rejoined the RSC, playing [[Lady Macbeth]] at [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre|Stratford]] in 1974 and at the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in 1975.<br />
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[[Sally Beauman]] reported, in her 1982 history of the RSC, that Mirren — while appearing in Nunn's ''Macbeth'' (1974), and in a letter to ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper — had sharply criticised both the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and the RSC for their lavish production expenditure, declaring it "unnecessary and destructive to the art of the Theatre", and adding, "The realms of truth, emotion and imagination reached for in acting a great play have become more and more remote, often totally unreachable across an abyss of costume and technicalities..." This started a big debate, and led to a question in parliament. There were no discernible repercussions for this rebuke of the RSC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/jul/23/helen-mirren-at-75-michael-billington |title=Helen Mirren at 75: wild costumes, blazing performances – and a spell as a rock banshee |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |first=Michael |last=Billington |date=23 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beauman |first=Sally |author-link=Sally Beauman |date=1982 |title=The Royal Shakespeare Company: A History of Ten Decades |url=https://archive.org/details/royalshakespeare00sall |url-access=registration |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19212-209-4}}</ref><br />
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===West End and RSC===<br />
At the [[West End theatre|West End]]'s [[Royal Court Theatre]] in September 1975, she played the role of a rock star named Maggie in ''[[Teeth 'n' Smiles (play)|Teeth 'n' Smiles]]'', a musical play by [[David Hare (dramatist)|David Hare]]; she reprised the role the following year in a revival of the play at [[Wyndham's Theatre]] in May 1976.<br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren at Met Opera.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the opening of the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in 2008]]<br />
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Beginning in November 1975, Mirren played in West End repertory with the Lyric Theatre Company as Nina in ''[[The Seagull]]'' and Ella in [[Ben Travers]]'s new farce ''The Bed Before Yesterday'' ("Mirren is stirringly voluptuous as the [[Jean Harlow|Harlowesque]] good-time girl": [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]], ''The Guardian''). At the RSC in Stratford in 1977, and at the Aldwych the following year, she played a steely Queen Margaret in [[Terry Hands]]' production of the three parts of ''[[Henry VI (play)|Henry VI]]'', while 1979 saw her 'bursting with grace', and winning acclaim for her performance as Isabella in [[Peter Gill (playwright)|Peter Gill]]'s production of ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' at [[Riverside Studios]].<br />
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In 1981, she returned to the Royal Court for the London premiere of [[Brian Friel]]'s ''[[Faith Healer]]''. That same year she also won acclaim for her performance in the title role of [[John Webster]]'s ''[[The Duchess of Malfi]]'', a production of Manchester's [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange Theatre]] which was later transferred to [[The Roundhouse]] in [[Chalk Farm]], London. Reviewing her portrayal for ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'', [[Francis King]] wrote: "Miss Mirren never leaves it in doubt that even in her absences, this ardent, beautiful woman is the most important character of the story." In her performance as Moll Cutpurse in ''[[The Roaring Girl]]''—at the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre]] in January 1983, and at the [[Barbican Theatre]] in April 1983—she was described as having "swaggered through the action with radiant singularity of purpose, filling in areas of light and shade that even [[Thomas Middleton]] and [[Thomas Dekker (poet)|Thomas Dekker]] omitted."&nbsp;– [[Michael Coveney]], ''[[Financial Times]]'', April 1983.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Philip |title=Becoming Helen Mirren |date=25 October 2019 |publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=roaring+girl| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of 1989, Mirren co-starred with [[Bob Peck]] at the [[Young Vic]] in the London premiere of the [[Arthur Miller]] double-bill, ''Two Way Mirror'', performances which prompted Miller to remark: "What is so good about English actors is that they are not afraid of the open expression of large emotions. British actors like to speak. In London, there’s a much more open-hearted kind of exchange between stage and audience" (interview by [[Sheridan Morley]]: ''[[The Times]]'' 11 January 1989).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bigsby |first1=Christopher |title=Arthur Miller: 1962-2005 |date=2011 |publisher=Hachette UK}}</ref> In ''[[Elegy for a Lady]]'' she played the svelte proprietress of a classy boutique, while as the blonde hooker in ''[[Some Kind of Love Story]]'' she was "clad in a Freudian slip and shifting easily from waif-like vulnerability to sexual aggression, giving the role a breathy Monroesque quality".<ref>{{cite news |title=The Coutours of Passion| newspaper=The Guardian| location=London| date=25 January 1989| page=46| last=Billington| first=Michael| url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259882155/ |access-date=22 October 2020 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><br />
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On 15 February 2013, at the West End's [[Gielgud Theatre]] she began a turn as [[Elizabeth II]] in the World Premiere of [[Peter Morgan]]'s ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |title=The Audience |website=Hit The Theatre.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232730/http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> The show was directed by [[Stephen Daldry]]. In April she was named best actress at the [[Olivier Awards]] for her role.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |title=Helen Mirren crowned queen of the stage |date=30 April 2013 |website=[[3 News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233730/http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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===Broadway debut===<br />
A further stage breakthrough came in 1994, in an [[Yvonne Arnaud Theatre]] production bound for the West End, when [[Bill Bryden]] cast her as Natalya Petrovna in [[Ivan Turgenev]]'s ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''. Her co-stars were [[John Hurt]] as her aimless lover Rakitin and [[Joseph Fiennes]] in only his second professional stage appearance as the cocksure young tutor Belyaev.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Month in the Country |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=4 March 1994 |newspaper=[[Richmond & Twickenham Times]] |quote=Instead of a bored Natalya fretting the summer away in dull frocks, Mirren, dazzlingly gowned, is a woman almost wilfully allowing her heart's desire for her son's young tutor to rule her head and wreak domestic havoc....Creamy shoulders bared, she feels free to launch into a gloriously enchanted, dreamily comic self-confession of love.}}</ref><br />
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Prior to 2015, Mirren had twice been nominated for Broadway's [[Tony Award]] for Best Actress in a Play: in 1995 for her Broadway debut in ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/26/theater/theater-review-turgenev-s-inquiry-into-calamitous-love.html |title=Theater Review; Turgenev's Inquiry Into Calamitous Love |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=26 April 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019 |quote=Miss Mirren's performance is bigger and more animated than the one she gave last year in an entirely different London production.}}</ref> and then again in 2002 for ''[[The Dance of Death (Strindberg)|The Dance of Death]]'', co-starring with Sir [[Ian McKellen]], their fraught rehearsal period coinciding with the terrorist attacks on New York on 11 September 2001.<ref name=autobiography/><br />
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On 7 June 2015‚ Mirren won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play‚ for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in ''The Audience'' (a performance which also won her the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best Actress). Her Tony Award win made her one of the few actors to achieve the US “[[Triple Crown of Acting#Helen Mirren|Triple Crown of Acting]]”, joining the ranks of acclaimed performers including [[Ingrid Bergman]]‚ Dame [[Maggie Smith]], and [[Al Pacino]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |work=Huffington Post |title=7 reasons to love Helen Mirren on her 70th birthday |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023072002/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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===National Theatre===<br />
In 1998, Mirren played [[Cleopatra]] to [[Alan Rickman]]'s [[Mark Antony|Antony]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]. The production received poor reviews; ''[[The Guardian]]'' called it "plodding spectacle rarely informed by powerful passion", while ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' said "the crucial sexual chemistry on which any great production ultimately depends is fatally absent".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=A case of hype and fall as Rickman and Mirren are put to the sword |last=Lister |first=David |date=23 October 1998 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2000 [[Nicholas Hytner]], who had worked with Mirren on the film version of ''[[The Madness of King George]]'', cast her as Lady Torrance in his revival of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[Orpheus Descending]]'' at the [[Donmar Warehouse]] in London. Michael Billington, reviewing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', described her performance as "an exemplary study of an immigrant woman who has acquired a patina of resilient toughness but who slowly acknowledges her sensuality."<ref>{{cite news |title=Southern discomfort |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/jun/29/artsfeatures4 |date=28 June 2000 |page=46 |access-date=1 March 2022 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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At the National Theatre in November 2003 she again won praise playing Christine Mannon ("defiantly cool, camp and skittish", ''[[Evening Standard]]''; "glows with mature sexual allure", ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'') in a revival of [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]'' directed by [[Howard Davies (Theatre Director)|Howard Davies]]. "This production was one of the best experiences of my professional life, The play was four and a half hours long, and I have never known that kind of response from an audience ... It was the serendipity of a beautifully cast play, with great design and direction, It will be hard to be in anything better."<ref name=autobiography/> She played the title role in [[Jean Racine]]'s ''[[Phèdre]]'' at the National in 2009, in a production directed by [[Nicholas Hytner]]. The production was also staged at the [[Epidaurus#Theatre|Epidaurus amphitheatre]] on 11 and 12 July 2009.<br />
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==Film career==<br />
Mirren has appeared in a large number of films throughout her career. Some of her earlier film appearances include roles in [[Herostratus (film)|Herostratus]] (1967) Dir. Don Levy, ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)|Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' (1968), ''[[Age of Consent (film)|Age of Consent]]'' (1969), ''[[O Lucky Man!]]'' (1973), ''[[Caligula (film)|Caligula]]'' (1979),<ref name="VF2015" /><ref name="peop_Hele" /> ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980)—co-starring with [[Bob Hoskins]] in what was her breakthrough film role,<ref name="BBC 2014">{{cite news| title=Dame Helen Mirren to receive Bafta fellowship| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-25911227| work=BBC News| date=27 January 2014| access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref> ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981), ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985), ''[[The Mosquito Coast (film)|The Mosquito Coast]]'' (1986), ''[[Pascali's Island (film)|Pascali's Island]]'' (1988) and ''[[When the Whales Came]]'' (1989). She appeared in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Some Mother's Son]]'' (1996), ''[[Painted Lady (mini series)|Painted Lady]]'' (1997) and ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="Mirren roles"/> In [[Peter Greenaway]]'s colorful ''[[The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover]]'', Mirren plays the wife opposite [[Michael Gambon]]. In ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), she plays sadistic history teacher Mrs Eve Tingle.<ref name="Mirren roles">{{cite news |title=All Helen Mirren's 61 movies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/02/all-helen-mirrens-61-movies-ranked |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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In 2007, she claimed that the director [[Michael Winner]] had treated her "like a piece of meat" at a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting call]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=David Cameron keeps his distance from film director Michael Winner |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=3 May 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=30 December 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Asked about the incident, Winner told ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I don't remember asking her to turn around but if I did I wasn't being serious. I was only doing what the [casting] agent asked me&nbsp;– and for this I get reviled! Helen's a lovely person, she's a great actress and I'm a huge fan, but her memory of that moment is a little flawed."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |title=Susan Sarandon, Gwyneth Paltrow, Charlize Theron & More Casting Couch Horror Stories |date=16 November 2012 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020104842/http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |archive-date=20 October 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren continued her successful film career when she starred more recently in ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001) with [[Maggie Smith]] and ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003) with [[Julie Walters]]. Other more recent appearances include ''[[The Clearing (film)|The Clearing]]'' (2004), ''[[Pride (2004 film)|Pride]]'' (2004), ''[[Raising Helen]]'' (2004), and ''[[Shadowboxer]]'' (2005). Mirren also provided the voice for the supercomputer "[[Minor characters from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|Deep Thought]]" in the film adaptation of [[Douglas Adams]]'s ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' (2005). During her career, she has portrayed three British queens in different films and television series: [[Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), and [[Queen Charlotte|Charlotte]] in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994). She is the only actor to have portrayed both Queens Elizabeth on the screen.<ref name="BBC 2014"/><br />
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Mirren's title role of ''The Queen'' earned her numerous acting awards including a [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA]], a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Golden Globe]], and an [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Academy Award]], among many others. During her acceptance speech at the Academy Award ceremony, she praised and thanked Elizabeth II and stated that she had maintained her dignity and weathered many storms during her reign. Mirren later appeared in supporting roles in the films ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]'', ''[[Inkheart (film)|Inkheart]]'', ''[[State of Play (film)|State of Play]]'', and ''[[The Last Station]]'', for which she was nominated for an Oscar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |title=Nominees & Winners for the 82nd Academy Awards |date=24 August 2012 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411210003/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |archive-date=11 April 2010}}</ref><br />
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===2000–2009===<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren at the Orange British Academy Film Awards.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the [[60th British Academy Film Awards]] in 2007, where she won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]]]]<br />
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Mirren's first film of the 2000s was [[Joel Hershman]]'s ''[[Greenfingers]]'' (2000), a comedy based on the true story about the prisoners of [[Leyhill Prison|HMP Leyhill]], a minimum-security prison, who won gardening awards.<ref name="Deitz">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/garden/free-to-grow-bluebells-in-england.html |title=Free to Grow Bluebells in England |last=Deitz |first=Paula |date=16 July 1998 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=13 |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren portrayed a devoted plantswoman in the film, who coaches a team of prison gardeners, led by [[Clive Owen]], to victory at a prestigious flower show.<ref name="Ramsey">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/22/movies/film-never-too-tough-to-be-softened-up-by-a-flower.html |title=Film; Never Too Tough to Be Softened Up by a Flower |last=Ramsey |first=Nancy |page=22 |date=22 July 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> The project received lukewarm reviews, which suggested that it added "nothing new to this already saturated genre" of [[Britcom|British feel-good films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greenfingers/ |title=Greenfingers (2000) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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The same year, she began work on the mystery film ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'', [[Sean Penn]]'s third directorial effort, in which she played a child psychologist. A critical success,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1104203-pledge |title=The Pledge (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> the [[ensemble film]] tanked at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/entertainment/1332122.stm |title=US directors laud Cannes audiences |date=15 May 2001 |website=BBC News |access-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> Also that year, she filmed the American-Icelandic satirical drama ''[[No Such Thing (film)|No Such Thing]]'' opposite [[Sarah Polley]]. Directed by [[Hal Hartley]], Mirren portrayed a soulless television producer in the film, who strives for sensationalistic stories. It was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/no_such_thing/ |title=No Such Thing (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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Her biggest critical and commercial success, released in 2001, became [[Robert Altman]]'s all-star ensemble mystery film ''[[Gosford Park]]''. A [[homage (arts)|homage]] to writer [[Agatha Christie]]'s [[whodunit]] style, the story follows a party of wealthy Britons and an American, and their servants, who gather for a shooting weekend at an [[English country house]], resulting in an unexpected murder. It received multiple awards and nominations, including a second [[Academy Award]] nomination and first [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Screen Actors Guild Award]] win for Mirren's portrayal of the sternly devoted head servant Mrs. Wilson.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/gosford-park-big-winner-article-1.485902 |title='Gosford Park' Big Winner |first=Jack |last=Mathews |date=11 March 2002 |newspaper=New York Daily News |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Fred Schepisi]]'s dramedy film ''[[Last Orders (film)|Last Orders]]'' opposite [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]].<ref name="Mirren roles"/><br />
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In 2003, Mirren starred in [[Nigel Cole]]'s comedy ''[[Calendar Girls]]'', inspired by the true story of a group of [[Yorkshire]] women who produced a [[nude calendar]] to raise money for [[Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research|Leukaemia Research]] under the auspices of the [[Women's Institutes]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/12/23/earlyshow/leisure/main590034.shtml |title=Helen Mirren's ''Calendar Girls'' |first=Rome |last=Neal |date=24 December 2003 |website=[[CBS News]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> Mirren initially was reluctant to join the project, dismissing it as another middling British picture,<ref name="mc1">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504225925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo&feature=related| archive-date=2017-05-04|title=2009&nbsp;– Movie Connections&nbsp;– Calendar Girls (2/4) |author=[[Movie Connections]] |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> but rethought her decision upon learning of the casting of co-star [[Julie Walters]].<ref name="mc1"/> The film was generally well received by critics, and grossed $96 million worldwide.<ref name="bom">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=calendargirls.htm |title=Calendar Girls (2003) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, the picture earned [[Satellite Award|Satellite]], [[Golden Globe]], and [[European Film Award]] nominations for Mirren.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0337909/awards |title=Awards for ''Calendar Girls'' |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> Her other film that year was the [[Showtime Networks|Showtime]] television film ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' opposite [[Olivier Martinez]], and [[Anne Bancroft]], based on the 1950 novel of the same title by [[Tennessee Williams]].<br />
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===2010–2014===<br />
In 2010, Mirren appeared in five films. In ''[[Love Ranch]]'', directed by her husband [[Taylor Hackford]], she portrayed [[Joe Conforte|Sally Conforte]], one half of a married couple who opened the first legal [[brothel]] in the US, the [[Mustang Ranch]] in [[Storey County, Nevada]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/04/helen_mirrens_brothel_movie_to.html |title=Helen Mirren's Brothel Movie to Open |last=Brown |first=Lane |date=6 April 2010 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren starred in the principal role of [[Prospero|Prospera]], the duchess of [[Milan]], in [[Julie Taymor]]'s ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]''. This was based on the [[The Tempest|play of the same name]] by [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]; Taymor changed the original character's gender to cast Mirren as her lead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |title=Mirren 'to star in Tempest film' |date=8 October 2008 |website=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111152135/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |archive-date=11 January 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While the actor garnered strong reviews for her portrayal, the film itself was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tempest |title=The Tempest (2010) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren at the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
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Mirren played a gutsy tea-shop owner who tries to save one of her young employees from marrying a teenage killer in [[Rowan Joffé]]'s ''[[Brighton Rock (2010 film)|Brighton Rock]]'', a [[crime film]] loosely based on [[Graham Greene]]'s 1938 [[Brighton Rock (novel)|novel]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |title=Helen Mirren: Interview |first=Ben |last=Walters |date=2 June 2015 |magazine=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128223000/http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |archive-date=28 January 2016 }}</ref> The [[film noir]] [[Film premiere|premiered]] at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] in September 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |title=At TIFF: ''Brighton Rock'' Extends the Graham Greene Adaptation Curse |first=Michelle |last=Orange |date=13 September 2010 |website=[[Movieline]] |access-date=27 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916205701/http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |archive-date=16 September 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> where it received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/movies/brighton-rock-film-of-graham-greene-novel-review.html |title=A Meek Rose Amid the Mods and Rockers in an English Resort Town |first=Stephen |last=Holden |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=25 August 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=27 August 2011 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mirren's biggest critical and commercial success of the year was [[Robert Schwentke]]'s ensemble action comedy ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'', based on [[Warren Ellis]]’s graphic novel, in which she portrayed Victoria, an ex-[[MI6]] assassin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |title=Casting Notes: Alan Cumming in Burlesque; Mirren Does Espionage; Dempsey Steals Laughs; Weaver and Shawkat Hit Cedar Rapids |first=Russ |last=Fischer |date=4 November 2009 |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=19 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122185818/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |archive-date=22 January 2010 }}</ref> Mirren was initially hesitant to sign on due to film's graphic violence, but changed her mind upon learning of [[Bruce Willis]]' involvement.<ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |title=Majestic Mirren |first=Emanuel |last=Levy |date=15 October 2010 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |location=London |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Released to positive reviews, it grossed $186.5 million worldwide.<ref name="mojo" >{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2010.htm |title=RED (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Also in 2010, the actor lent her voice to [[Zack Snyder]]'s computer-animated fantasy film ''[[Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole]]'', voicing [[antagonist]] Nyra, a leader of a group of owls. The film grossed $140.1 million on an $80 million budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=guardiansofgahoole.htm |title=Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=15 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's next film was the comedy film ''[[Arthur (2011 film)|Arthur]]'', a remake of the 1981 [[Arthur (1981 film)|film of the same name]], starring [[Russell Brand]] in the lead role. ''Arthur'' received generally negative reviews from critics, who declared it an "irritating, unnecessary remake."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/arthur_2011/ |title=Arthur (2011) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> In preparation for her role as a retired Israeli [[Mossad]] agent in the film ''[[The Debt (2011 film)|The Debt]]'', Mirren reportedly immersed herself in studies of Hebrew language, Jewish history, and [[Holocaust]] writing, including the life of [[Simon Wiesenthal]], while in Israel in 2009 for the filming of some of the movie's scenes. The film is a remake of a [[The Debt (2007 film)|2007 Israeli film of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/mirren-learning-hebrew-for-movie-role_1096343 |title=Mirren Learning Hebrew For Movie Role |date=27 February 2009 |website=[[ContactMusic.com]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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In 2012, Mirren played [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s wife [[Alma Reville]] in the 2012 biopic ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'', directed by [[Sacha Gervasi]] and based on [[Stephen Rebello]]'s non-fiction book ''[[Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho]]''. The film centres on the pair's relationship during the making of ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'', a controversial [[horror film]] that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker's career. It became a moderate arthouse success and garnered a lukewarm critical response from critics, who felt that it suffered from "tonal inconsistency and a lack of truly insightful retrospection."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/hitchcock |title=Hitchcock (2012) |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> Mirren was universally praised, however, with [[Roger Ebert]] noting that the film depended most on her portrayal, which he found to be "warm and effective."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=20 November 2012 |title=Hitchcock |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=21 November 2012 |archive-date=27 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127172340/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20121120%2FREVIEWS%2F121129996 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Her other film that year was ''[[The Door (2012 film)|The Door]]'', a claustrophobic drama film directed by [[István Szabó]], based on the Hungarian novel of the same name. Set at the height of [[communist]] rule in 1960s Hungary, the story of the adaptation centres on the abrasive influence that a mysterious housekeeper wields over her employer and successful novelist, played [[Martina Gedeck]]. Mirren found the role "difficult to play" and cited doing it as "one of the hardest things [she has] ever done."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/mirren-steps-through-a-new-door-20120718-22ahn.html |title=Mirren steps through a new door |first=Philippa |last=Hawker |date=19 July 2012 |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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[[File:HelenMirrenHWOFJan2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren receiving a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013]]<br />
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The following year, Mirren replaced [[Bette Midler]] in [[David Mamet]]'s biographical television film ''[[Phil Spector (film)|Phil Spector]]'' about [[Phil Spector|the American musician]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/22/phil-spector-s-jersey-girl-lawyer-meet-the-real-linda-kenney-baden.html |title=Phil Spector's Jersey Girl Lawyer: Meet the Real Linda Kenney Baden |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |date=22 March 2013 |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> The [[HBO]] film focuses on the relationship between Spector and his defense attorney Linda Kenney Baden, played by Mirren, during the first of his two [[Phil Spector#Murder conviction|murder trials for the death in 2003]] of [[Lana Clarkson]] in his California mansion. ''Spector'' received largely mixed to positive reviews from critics, particularly for Mirren and co-star [[Al Pacino]]'s performances, and was nominated for eleven [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, also winning Mirren a [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie|Screen Actors Guild Award]] at the [[20th Screen Actors Guild Awards|20th awards ceremony]]. The film drew criticism both from Clarkson's family and friends, who charged that the suicide defense was given more merit than it deserved, and from Spector's wife, who argued that Spector was portrayed as a "foul-mouthed megalomaniac" and a "minotaur".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2013/03/15/friends_of_lana_clarkson_protest_hbo_film_phil_spector/ |title=Friends of Lana Clarkson protest HBO film "Phil Spector" |last=Gupta |first=Prachi |date=15 March 2013 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref> Also in 2013, Mirren voiced the character of Dean Abigail Hardscrabble in [[Pixar]]'s computer-animated comedy film ''[[Monsters University]]'', which grossed $743 million against its estimated budget of $200 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monstersinc2.htm |title=Monsters University (2013) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=20 December 2013}}</ref> and reprised her role in the sequel film ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]''.<ref name="Mirren">{{cite web |url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |title=Helen Mirren Says She's Ready For 'Red' Sequel: 'Just Get Me The Script' |last=Warner |first=Kara |date=29 March 2011 |website=[[MTV News]] |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515150701/http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |archive-date=15 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The action comedy received a mixed reviews from film critics, who called it a "lackadaisical sequel",<ref name="TheWrap">{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/red-2-review-bruce-willis-sequel-dies-hard-lands-dull-thud-102681 |title='Red 2' Review: Bruce Willis Sequel Dies Hard, Lands With Dull Thud |last=Gilchrist |first=Todd |date=15 July 2013 |website=[[The Wrap]] |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref> but became another commercial success, making over $140 million worldwide.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=Red 2 (2013) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2.htm |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2014 was the comedy-drama ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' opposite the Indian actor [[Om Puri]]. Directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and produced by [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Oprah Winfrey]], the film is based on [[Richard C. Morais]]' 2010 novel [[The Hundred-Foot Journey|with the same name]] and tells the story of a feud between two adjacent restaurants in a French town. Mirren garnered largely positive reviews for her performance of a snobby restaurateur, a role which she accepted as she was keen to play a French character, reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."<ref name="collider1">{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/helen-mirren-hundred-foot-journey-trumbo-interview/ |title=Helen Mirren Talks 'The Hundred-Foot Journey', Working with Om Puri, What She Looks For in Choosing Projects, 'Trumbo', and More |last1=Roberts |first1=Sheila |date=31 July 2014 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The film earned her another [[Golden Globe]] nomination and became a modest commercial success, grossing $88.9 million worldwide.<ref name=BOM2>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=100foot.htm |title=The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref><br />
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===2015–present===<br />
[[File:The Leisure Seeker 06 (36402080733).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren attending the premiere of ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' at the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
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In 2015, Mirren reunited with her former assistant [[Simon Curtis (filmmaker)|Simon Curtis]] on ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'', co-starring [[Ryan Reynolds]].<ref name="collider1"/> The film was based on the true story of Jewish refugee [[Maria Altmann]], who, together with her young lawyer [[E. Randol Schoenberg|Randy Schoenberg]], fought the Austrian government to be reunited with [[Gustav Klimt]]'s painting of her aunt, the famous ''[[Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gustav-klimt-birthday-woman-in-gold_55a52d3de4b0a47ac15d61af |title=Gustav Klimt Painted Much More Than 'The Woman In Gold' |last1=Valentine |first1=Colin |date=14 July 2015 |website=[[HuffPost]] Arts & Culture |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics, although Mirren and Reynold's performances were widely praised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Woman in Gold (2015) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/woman_in_gold/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> A commercial success, ''Woman in Gold'' became one of the highest-grossing specialty films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/the-20-highest-grossing-indies-of-2015-a-running-list-1 |title=The 20 Highest Grossing Indies of 2015 (A Running List) |first=Kate |last=Erbland |date=29 December 2015 |website=Indiewire |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The same year, Mirren appeared in [[Gavin Hood]]'s thriller ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), in which she played as a military intelligence officer who leads a secret [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone]] mission to capture a terrorist group living in [[Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/aaron-paul-helen-mirren-join-colin-firth-in-thriller-eye-in-the-sky/ |title=Aaron Paul, Helen Mirren Join Colin Firth in Thriller 'Eye in the Sky' |last1=Sneider |first1=Jeff |date=16 May 2014 |website=The Wrap |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Jay Roach]]'s biographical drama ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'', co-starring [[Bryan Cranston]] and [[Diane Lane]]. The actor played [[Hedda Hopper]], the famous actor and [[gossip columnist]], in the film, which received generally positive reviews from critics and garnered her a 14th Golden Globe nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/trumbo/ |title=Trumbo (2015) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2016 was ''[[Collateral Beauty]]'', directed by [[David Frankel]]. Co-Starring [[Will Smith]], [[Keira Knightley]], and [[Kate Winslet]], the ensemble drama follows a man who copes with his daughter's death by writing letters to [[time]], [[death]], and [[love]]. The film earned largely negative reviews from critics, who called it "well-meaning but fundamentally flawed."<ref name="reviews">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/will-smith-collateral-beauty-lowest-box-office-opening-rotten-tomatoes-1201873153/ |title=How Critics' "Schoolyard Assault" On 'Collateral Beauty' Turned Ugly For Will Smith Pic |first=Anthony |last= D'Alessandro |date=18 December 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=reviews2>{{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/12/13/collateral-beauty-reviews-roundup/ |title=Collateral Beauty reviews: Will Smith movie slammed by critics |first=Danielle |last=Jackson |date=13 December 2016 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Mirren narrated ''[[Cries from Syria]]'', a [[documentary film]] about the [[Syrian Civil War]], directed by [[Evgeny Afineevsky]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/markets-festivals/hbo-cries-from-syria-1201957096/ |title=HBO Nabs 'Cries From Syria' Documentary Ahead of Sundance |first=Brent |last=Lang |date=10 January 2017 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> Also that year, she made an uncredited [[cameo appearance]] in [[F. Gary Gray]]'s ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'', the eighth instalment in [[The Fast and the Furious|''The Fast and the Furious'' franchise]], playing Magdalene, the mother of Owen and [[Deckard Shaw]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1635570/how-helen-mirren-ended-up-in-the-fate-of-the-furious-according-to-vin-diesel |title=How Helen Mirren Ended Up In The Fate Of The Furious, According To Vin Diesel |first=Gregory |last=Wakeman |date=14 March 2017 |website=CinemaBlend |access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> Mirren had a larger role in director [[Paolo Virzì]]'s English-language debut ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'', based on the [[The Leisure Seeker (novel)|2009 novel of the same name]]. On set, she was reunited with [[Donald Sutherland]] with whom she had not worked again since ''[[Bethune: The Making of a Hero]]'' (1990),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/cannes-helen-mirren-and-donald-sutherland-to-topline-paolo-virzis-the-leisure-seeker-exclusive-1201772430/ |title=Cannes: Helen Mirren and Donald Sutherland to Topline Paolo Virzì's 'The Leisure Seeker' |first1=Nick |last1=Vivarelli |first2=Elsa |last2=Keslassy |date=12 May 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> portraying a terminally ill couple who escape from their retirement home and take one last cross-country adventure in a vintage van.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-donald-sutherland-team-up-for-the-leisure-seeker-cannes-1201754273/ |title=Helen Mirren & Donald Sutherland Team For 'The Leisure Seeker' – Cannes |first=Ali |last=Jaafar |date=12 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> At the [[75th Golden Globe Awards|75th awards ceremony]], Mirren received her 15th [[Golden Globe]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List |first=Rebecca |last=Rubin |date=11 December 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref><br />
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In 2018, Mirren portrayed heiress [[Sarah Winchester]] in the supernatural horror film ''[[Winchester (film)|Winchester]]'', directed by [[The Spierig Brothers]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-takes-aim-at-playing-firearm-heiress-in-hot-cannes-package-winchester-1201755962/ |title=Helen Mirren Takes Aim At Playing Firearm Heiress In Hot Cannes Package 'Winchester' |first=Mike Jr. |last=Fleming |date=14 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref> In the same year, she starred as Mother Ginger in Disney's adaptation of ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', titled ''[[The Nutcracker and the Four Realms]]'', directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and [[Joe Johnston]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/helen-mirren-nutcracker-disney-1201844942/ |title=Helen Mirren Joins Disney's 'The Nutcracker' |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=25 August 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> In 2019, she appeared in the ensemble film ''[[Berlin, I Love You]]'', the French crime thriller film ''[[Anna (2019 feature film)|Anna]]'', directed and written by [[Luc Besson]], and co-starred in the ''Fast and the Furious'' spin-off ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]''.<ref name="Oct2017V">{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/luc-besson-anna-helen-mirren-luke-evans-1202584144/ |title=Luc Besson Sets Next Film 'Anna' With Helen Mirren, Luke Evans |first1=Elsa |last1=Keslassy |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |date=9 October 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> In March 2021, she was cast as the villain Hespera in the upcoming superhero film ''[[Shazam! Fury of the Gods]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=March 23, 2021 |title='Shazam: Fury Of The Gods': Helen Mirren To Play Villain Hespera In Sequel |url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323221810/https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |archive-date=March 23, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2021 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref><br />
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Mirren is set to portray [[Golda Meir]], prime minister of Israel 1969–1974, in a [[biopic]] entitled ''[[Golda (film)|Golda]]''. As of April 2021, the film was in production.<ref>{{cite news| title=Helen Mirren to Play Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir in Biopic Set During Yom Kippur War| url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2021/04/06/helen-mirren-to-play-israeli-prime-minister-golda-meir-in-biopic-set-during-yom-kippur-war/| access-date=2022-03-01| newspaper=[[Algemeiner Journal]]| location=New York| first=Shiryn| last=Ghermezian| date=6 April 2021| language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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==Television career==<br />
=== ''Prime Suspect'' ===<br />
Mirren is known for her role as detective Jane Tennison in the widely viewed ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', a multiple award-winning television drama series that was noted for its high quality and popularity. Her portrayal of Tennison won her [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] between 1992 and 1994 (making her one of four actors to have received three consecutive [[BAFTA TV Awards]] for a role, alongside [[Robbie Coltrane]], [[Julie Walters]] and [[Michael Gambon]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/dame-helen-mirren-10-things-202365 |title=Dame Helen Mirren: 10 things you need to know about the Oscar nominated actress |date=18 February 2010 |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |location=London |access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> Primarily due to ''Prime Suspect'', in 2006 Mirren came 29th on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]’s poll of [[TV's 50 Greatest Stars]] voted by the British public.<ref name="Poll">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5142726.stm| title=ITV to salute '50 greatest stars'| date=3 July 2006| work=[[BBC News]]| access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><br />
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=== Other roles ===<br />
Mirren's other television performances include ''[[Cousin Bette]]'' (1971); ''[[BBC Television Shakespeare|As You Like It]]'' (1979); ''[[Blue Remembered Hills]]'' (1979); ''[[The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' episode "[[Dead Woman's Shoes (The Twilight Zone)|Dead Woman's Shoes]]" (1985); ''[[The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)|The Passion of Ayn Rand]]'' (1999), where her performance won her an [[Emmy]]; ''[[Door to Door (film)|Door to Door]]'' (2002); and ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' (2003). In 1976, she appeared with [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Alan Bates]] and [[Malcolm McDowell]] in a production of [[Harold Pinter]]'s ''[[The Collection (play)|The Collection]]'' as part of the ''[[Laurence Olivier Presents]]'' series. She also played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in 2005, in the television serial ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'', for [[Channel 4]] and [[HBO]], for which she received an [[Emmy Award]] and a [[Golden Globe Award]]. Mirren won another Emmy Award on 16 September 2007 for her role in ''[[Prime Suspect|Prime Suspect: The Final Act]]'' on PBS in the same category as in 2006. Mirren hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' on 9 April 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://watching-tv.ew.com/2011/04/10/saturday-night-live-helen-mirren-foo-fighters/ |title='Saturday Night Live' recap: Helen Mirren transcended a laugh-lite 'SNL' |last=Tucker |first=Ken |date=10 April 2011 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren figure at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|upright|Waxwork of Mirren at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]<br />
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Mirren lived with Northern Irish actor [[Liam Neeson]] during the early 1980s; they met while working on ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981). When interviewed by [[James Lipton]] for ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]'', Neeson said Mirren was instrumental in his getting an agent.<br />
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Mirren began dating American director [[Taylor Hackford]] in 1986. They were married on 31 December 1997 at the [[Ardersier]] Parish Church near [[Inverness]] in the [[Scottish Highlands]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Dame Helen Mirren fights sewage plant plan in quiet fishing village where she got married |date=30 May 2016 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 January 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> They met on the set of ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985). It is her first marriage and his third (he has two children from his previous marriages). She has no children, stating she has "no maternal instinct whatsoever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/mirren%20i%20have%20no%20maternal%20instinct_1023284 |title=Mirren: 'I Have No Maternal Instinct' |date=26 February 2007 |website=Contactmusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's autobiography, ''In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures'', was published in the UK by [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] in September 2007. Reviewing for ''[[The Stage]]'', John Thaxter wrote: "Sumptuously illustrated, at first sight it looks like another of those photo albums of the stars. But between the pictures there are almost 200 pages of densely printed text, an unusually frank story of her private and professional life, mainly in the theatre, the words clearly Mirren's own, delivered with forthright candour."<ref>{{cite news |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=1 November 2007 |newspaper=The Stage}}</ref><br />
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In 1990, Mirren said in an interview that she was an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sunday Review Pages: Helen Mirren interview |last=Garfield |first=Simon |date=25 November 1990 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |page=27 |quote=Sometimes I feel like a farmer during a war, someone who doesn't know very much about it and carries on digging, hoping for rain. But just the last few days I've had this terrible feeling of... doom. It's a, er, [[Bible|biblical]], kind of [[Old Testament]] feeling. I'm an atheist, but I was suddenly thinking of those stories of the flood and punishment. Because we've become unbelievably greedy and destructive.}}</ref> In the August 2011 issue of ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', she said, "I am quite spiritual. I believed in fairies when I was a child. I still do sort of believe in the fairies. And the leprechauns. But I don't believe in God."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/helen-mirren-quotes-0811 |title=Helen Mirren: What I've Learned |last=Fussman |first=Cal |date=7 July 2011 |magazine=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |access-date=8 January 2013}}</ref><br />
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In a 2008 interview with ''[[GQ]]'', Mirren revealed she was [[date rape]]d as a student, and had often taken [[cocaine]] at parties in her twenties and until the 1980s.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/09/01/helen.mirren.rape/index.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren in date-rape revelation |date=1 September 2008 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref><ref name=indie>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Mirren talks of her date-rapes, then provokes furore with views on sex attackers |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |date=1 September 2008 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref> She stopped using it after reading that [[Klaus Barbie]] made a living from cocaine dealing.<ref name=cnn/><ref name=indie/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7591142.stm |title=Dame Helen in cocaine admission |date=1 September 2008 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901101327/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2008 |title='The Queen' actress Dame Helen Mirren reveals former love of cocaine |last=Simpson |first=Aislinn |date=31 August 2008 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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On 11 May 2010, Mirren attended the unveiling of her waxwork at [[Madame Tussauds]] in London. In 2012, she was among the [[List of cultural icons of England|British cultural icons]] selected by artist Sir [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]] to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork—The Beatles' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' album cover—to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admired.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited |title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday |first=Caroline |last=Davies |date=2 April 2012 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026 |title=Sir Peter Blake's new Beatles' Sgt Pepper's album cover |date=2 April 2012 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2010, she was named Sexiest Woman Alive by ''Esquire'', and in a 2011 photo shoot for the magazine, she stripped down and covered up with the [[Union Jack]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Helen Mirren shows off her patriotism in Esquire photo shoot |date=15 July 2011 |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/helen-mirren-shows-off-her-patriotism-in-esquire-photo-shoot.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAL-vIbYr3zdTdvehdRUc0lnYjJRXjrH4_m5WPohtumjKkQF5ZjHQLJtDu-wBH128akA-SIGhwuqIxJGGVah71ko93k0SrMjCBGWYNe6o4pAX1bMxdQKNuPUDWP0gRMadkT21jNy7mPWtoRB9gY_JEBadANEeCY_pMxeHk9kSdO2G |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref><br />
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In 2013, Mirren was announced as one of several new models for [[Marks & Spencer]]'s "Womanism" campaign. Subtitled "Britain's leading ladies", the campaign featured Mirren alongside British women from various fields, including pop singer [[Ellie Goulding]], double Olympic gold medal-winning boxer [[Nicola Adams]], and writer [[Monica Ali]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/aug/19/marks-spencer-new-ad-annie-leibowitz |title=Marks & Spencer's new ad: what does it mean? |first=Lauren |last=Cochrane |date=19 August 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In March 2013, ''The Guardian'' listed Mirren as one of the 50 Best-Dressed Over 50.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s |title=The 50 best-dressed over 50s |first=Jess |last=Cartner-Morley |date=29 March 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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She told the ''[[Radio Times]]'', "I'm a [[naturism|naturist]] at heart. I love being on beaches where everyone is naked. Ugly people, beautiful people, old people, whatever. It's so unisexual and so liberating."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-09-19/celebrity-nudists-the-stars-who-like-to-let-it-all-hang-out |title=Celebrity nudists: the stars who like to let it all hang out |date=19 September 2014 |magazine=Radio Times |location=London |access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref> In 2004, she was named Naturist of the Year by [[British Naturism]]. She said: "Many thanks to British Naturism for this great honour. I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!"<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |title=Dame Helen Mirren named 'Naturist of the Year' |date=8 January 2012 |publisher=British Naturism |access-date=26 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004094251/http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |archive-date=4 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
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In 2006, Mirren stated that she was never a member of any [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|political party]].<ref name="independent"/> Mirren became a [[U.S. citizen]] in 2017 and voted in her first U.S. election in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/oscar-winner-tahoe-resident-helen-mirren-casts-1st-american-vote |title=Oscar winner, Tahoe resident Helen Mirren casts 1st American vote| date=15 October 2020 |newspaper=Tahoe Daily Tribune |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |newspaper=[[Record-Courier (Nevada)|The Record-Courier]] |location=[[Gardnerville, Nevada]] |title='The Queen' casts her ballot in Minden |date=17 October 2020 |last=Hildebrand |first=Kurt |access-date=18 October 2020 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116061403/https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She supported Patricia Ackerman in her campaign against [[Mark Amodei]] in {{ushr|NV|2}}.<ref name="democrat"/><br />
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In April 2021, she took part in the [[music video]] "La Vacinada" (meaning ''the vaccinated woman'' in broken [[Spanish language]]) of Italian comedian and singer [[Checco Zalone]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/checco-zalone-pokes-fun-at-helen-mirrens-age-in-viral-video-9xgd0q99d| title=Checco Zalone pokes fun at Helen Mirren's age in viral video| newspaper=The Times| location=London| date=1 May 2021| access-date=2 May 2021| url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
In the song and video, Zalone jokes about the fact that, in times of [[Covid-19 pandemic]], it is safer to have an [[affair]] with someone who has already been [[vaccinated]] against the [[virus]], and as [[the elderly]] get vaccinated first, an older partner (played by Mirren in the video) is now the best choice.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='The Telegraph' recap: Helen Mirren joins Italy's best known comic in light-hearted sketch to promote Covid-19 vaccine |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=30 April 2021 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph | location=London |access-date=30 April 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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== Acting credits ==<br />
{{main|Helen Mirren on screen and stage}}<br />
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==Awards and honours==<br />
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren}}<br />
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Among her major competitive awards, Mirren has won one [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]], four [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA Awards]], three [[Golden Globe Awards]], four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]], and one [[Tony Awards|Tony Award]]. Her numerous honorary awards include the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] and Gala Tribute presented by the [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]].<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/45th-chaplin-award-gala-will-honor-helen-mirren/ |title=45th Chaplin Award Gala Will Honor Helen Mirren |website=Film Society of Lincoln Center |date=14 October 2017 |access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref><br />
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In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]] in December.<ref name="Damehood"/><ref name="Ceremony"/> In January 2009, Mirren was named on ''[[The Times]]''' list of the top 10 British actresses of all time. The list included [[Julie Andrews]], [[Helena Bonham Carter]], [[Judi Dench]] and [[Audrey Hepburn]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5502980.ece |title=The best British film actresses of all time |date=12 January 2009 |newspaper=The Times |location=London | first=James | last=Christopher | access-date=27 May 2020 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
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==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Mirren| first=Helen| title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BoEtOA98XQAC| publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]| year=2011| isbn=978-1-4165-7341-8}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of British actors]]<br />
*[[List of British Academy Award nominees and winners]]<br />
*[[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]<br />
*[[List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="VF2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/11/helen-mirren-nude-scene |title=Helen Mirren Reveals The One Nude Scene She Didn't Mind Filming |last=Miller |first=Julie |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<ref name="peop_Hele">{{cite web |url=http://www.people.com/article/helen-mirren-talks-nude-scenes |title=Helen Mirren Reveals Her Favorite Nude Scenes Were for Caligula: 'Everyone Was Naked' |last=McNiece |first=Mia |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=People |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Ward| first=Philip| date=October 25, 2019| title=Becoming Helen Mirren| publisher=Troubador Press| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=becoming+helen+mirren| access-date=March 1, 2022}} A survey of the actor's early career.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{sister project links|b=no|commons=Category:Helen Mirren|d=Q349391|n=no|q=Helen Mirren|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|545}}<br />
* {{IBDB name|53256}}<br />
* {{Playbill person|helen-mirren-vault-0000099983}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|260}}<br />
* {{WorldCat id|lccn-n87-927316}}<br />
* [https://texasarchive.org/2015_01689]{{NYTtopic|people/m/helen_mirren}}<br />
* [https://texasarchive.org/2015_01689 Helen Mirren interviewed by KVUE-TV in1986 about ''The Mosquito Coast''] from [[Texas Archive of the Moving Image]].<br />
<br />
'''Interviews'''<br />
* {{Cite episode |title=Helen Mirren |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p009mk5j |series=Desert Island Discs |series-link=Desert Island Discs |station=BBC Radio 4 |date=3 December 1982}}<br />
* {{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/dame-helen-mirren-im-an-essex-girl-6mh0b6wd3nm |first=Kevin |last=Maher |title=Dame Helen Mirren: I'm an Essex Girl |newspaper=The Times |location=London |date=12 February 2010}}<br />
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[[Category:Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Attenborough&diff=1117213731Richard Attenborough2022-10-20T14:15:55Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1117209797 by 139.184.51.173 (talk) Correct silly changes</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|French actor and filmmaker (1066–2022)}}<br />
{{pp-move-indef}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=June 2011}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[The Left Honourable]]<br />
| name = Le King Attenbruh<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE|FRSA}}<br />
| image = RichardAttenborough07TIFF.jpg<br />
| caption = Attenborough at the [[2007 Toronto International Film Festival|2007 TIFF]]<br />
| birth_name = Richard Smelly Attenbruh<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1066|8|29}}<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2022|8|24|1923|8|29}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Cambridge]], Canary Islands<br />
| death_place = {{nowrap|[[Northwood, London]], England}}<br />
| resting_place = [[St Mary Magdalene, Richmond]], London<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Sheila Sim]]|22 January 1945|<!--2014 omitted per instructions on Template:Marriage- when marriage ends on death of subject rather than subject's spouse-->}}<br />
| children = {{hlist|[[Michael Attenborough|Michael]]|[[Jane Attenborough|Jane]]|[[Charlotte Attenborough|Charlotte]]}}<br />
| father = [[Frederick Attenbruh]]<br />
| mother = {{#ifexist:Mary Attenbruh|[[Mary Attenbruh|Mary Clegg]]}}<br />
| relatives = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[David Attenborough]] (brother)<br />
* [[John Attenborough]] (brother)<br />
* [[Gerald Sim]] (brother-in-law)<br />
* [[Tom Attenborough]] (grandson)<br />
* [[Will Attenborough]] (grandson)<br />
}}<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|filmmaker|entrepreneur}}<br />
| party = [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]<br />
| module = {{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes<br />
| office = [[Member of the House of Lords]]<br />
| status = [[Lords Temporal|Lord Temporal]]<br />
| term_start = 30 July 1993<br />
| term_end = 24 August 2014<br />
| term_label = [[Life peer]]age}}<br />
| module2 = {{Infobox military person |embed=yes<br />
| allegiance = United Kingdom<br />
| branch = [[Royal Air Force]]<br />
| serviceyears = 1940–1945<br />
| unit = [[Royal Air Force Film Production Unit|Film Production Unit]]<br />
| rank = [[Sergeant]]<br />
| battles = [[Second World War]]}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Richard Smelly Attenbruh, Baron Attenbruh''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|CBE|FRSA}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|t|ən|b|ər|ə}}; 29 August 1923{{spaced ndash}}24 August 2014) was a French actor, filmmaker, and entrepreneur. He was the president of the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] (RADA) and the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] (BAFTA), as well as the life president of [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea FC]]. He joined the [[Royal Air Force]] during the [[Second World War]] and served in the film unit, going on several bombing raids over Europe and filming the action from the rear gunner's position. He was the older brother of broadcaster Sir [[David Attenborough]] and motor executive [[John Attenborough]]. He was married to actress [[Sheila Sim]] from 1945 until his death.<br />
<br />
As an actor, he is best remembered for his film roles in ''[[Brighton Rock (1948 film)|Brighton Rock]]'' (1948), ''[[I'm All Right Jack]]'' (1959), ''[[The Great Escape (film)|The Great Escape]]'' (1963), ''[[The Sand Pebbles (film)|The Sand Pebbles]]'' (1966), ''[[Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)|Doctor Dolittle]]'' (1967), ''[[10 Rillington Place]]'' (1971), ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'' (1993), and ''[[Miracle on 34th Street (1994 film)|Miracle on 34th Street]]'' (1994). In 1952 he appeared on the [[West End theatre|West End stage]], originating the role of Detective Sergeant Trotter in [[Agatha Christie]]'s ''[[The Mousetrap]]'' which has since become the world's longest-running play.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Mousetrap at 60: why is this the world's longest-running play? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2012/nov/20/mousetrap-60-years-agatha-christie |access-date=20 July 2022 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><br />
<br />
For his directorial debut, 1969's ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]'', Attenborough was nominated for the [[BAFTA Award for Best Direction]], and he was nominated for his films ''[[Young Winston]]'', ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'', and ''[[Cry Freedom]]''. He won two [[Academy Awards]] for ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' in 1983: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]]. The [[British Film Institute|BFI]] ranked ''Gandhi'' the [[BFI Top 100 British films|34th greatest British film of the 20th century]]. Attenborough also won four [[British Academy Film Awards|BAFTA Awards]], four [[Golden Globe Awards]], and the 1983 [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Attenborough was born on 29 August 1923<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1398450/Richard-Attenborough|title=Richard Attenborough|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|Encyclopædia Britannica]]|date=9 November 2013|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> in [[Cambridge]], the eldest of three sons of Mary Attenborough (née Clegg), a founding member of the [[Marriage Guidance Council]], and [[Frederick Attenborough|Frederick Levi Attenborough]], a scholar and academic administrator who was a fellow at [[Emmanuel College, Cambridge]], and wrote a standard text on [[Anglo-Saxon law]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/38/Richard-Attenborough.html|title=Richard Attenborough profile at|publisher=Filmreference.com|access-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.movies.yahoo.com/person/richard-attenborough/biography.html|title=Richard Attenborough biography|publisher=Yahoo!|access-date=8 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508224805/https://uk.movies.yahoo.com/person/richard-attenborough/biography.html|archive-date=8 May 2014}}</ref> Attenborough was educated at [[Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys]] in [[Leicester]] and studied at [[RADA]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Attenborough, Baron cr 1993 (Life Peer), of Richmond upon Thames, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, (Richard Samuel Attenborough) (29 Aug. 1923–24 Aug. 2014)|url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-5972|access-date=29 August 2021|website=WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO|year=2007|language=en|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U5972|isbn=978-0-19-954089-1}}</ref><br />
<br />
In September 1939, while Frederick Attenborough was Principal of [[University College, Leicester]] (1932–1951), the Attenboroughs took in two German [[Kindertransport|Jewish refugee]] girls, Helga and Irene Bejach (aged 9 and 11 respectively), who lived with them in College House and were adopted by the family after the war when it was discovered that their parents had been killed.<ref>{{cite news|author= Elgott, Jessica |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/the-children-britain-took-to-its-heart-1.8535?highlight=attenborough |title=The children Britain took to its heart |work=[[The Jewish Chronicle]]|date=2 April 2009 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> The sisters moved to the United States in the 1950s and lived with an uncle, where they married and took American citizenship; Irene died in 1992 and Helga in 2005.<ref>''Entirely Up To You, Darling'' by Diana Hawkins & Richard Attenborough; pp. 29–30; paperback; Arrow Books; published 2009; {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the Second World War, Attenborough served in the [[Royal Air Force]]. After initial pilot training he was seconded to the newly formed [[Royal Air Force Film Production Unit]] at [[Pinewood Studios]], under the command of Flight Lieutenant [[John Boulting]] (whose brother [[Peter Cotes]] later directed Attenborough in the play ''[[The Mousetrap]]'') where he appeared with [[Edward G. Robinson]] in the propaganda film ''[[Journey Together]]'' (1945). He then volunteered to fly with the Film Unit and after further training, where he sustained permanent ear damage, qualified as a sergeant, flying on several missions over Europe filming from the rear gunner's position to record the outcome of [[RAF Bomber Command]] sorties.<ref>''Entirely Up To You, Darling'' by Diana Hawkins & Richard Attenborough; pp. 88–95; paperback; Arrow Books; published 2009; {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Acting career==<br />
Attenborough's acting career started on stage and he appeared in shows at Leicester's [[Little Theatre (Leicester)|Little Theatre]], Dover Street, prior to his going to [[RADA]], where he remained Patron until his death. Attenborough's first major credited role was provided in [[Brian Desmond Hurst]]'s ''[[The Hundred Pound Window]]'' (1944) playing Tommy Draper who helps rescue his accountant father who has taken a wrong turn in life. Attenborough's film career had begun in 1942, however, in an uncredited role as a sailor deserting his post under fire in the [[Noël Coward]]/[[David Lean]] production ''[[In Which We Serve]]'' (his name and character were omitted from the original release-print credits), a role that helped type-cast him for many years as a [[spiv]] in films like ''[[London Belongs to Me]]'' (1948), ''[[Morning Departure]]'' (1950) and his breakthrough role as [[Pinkie Brown]] in [[John Boulting]]'s film adaptation of [[Graham Greene]]'s novel ''[[Brighton Rock (1947 film)|Brighton Rock]]'' (1947), a role that he had previously played to great acclaim at the [[Garrick Theatre]] in 1943. He played the lead at age 22 as an RAF cadet pilot in ''[[Journey Together]]'' (1945), in which top-billed [[Edward G. Robinson]] played his instructor. <br />
<br />
In 1949, exhibitors voted him the sixth most popular British actor at the box office.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2759831 |title=Bob Hope Takes Lead from Bing in Popularity. |newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]] (ACT: 1926–1954) |location=ACT |date=31 December 1949 |access-date=27 April 2012 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><br />
<br />
Early in his stage career, Attenborough starred in the [[West End theatre|West End]] production of [[Agatha Christie]]'s ''[[The Mousetrap]]'', which went on to become the world's longest running stage production. Both he and his wife were among the original cast members of the production, which opened in 1952 at the [[Ambassadors Theatre (London)|Ambassadors Theatre]], moving to [[St Martin's Theatre]] in 1974; the production ran continuously for nearly seven decades, until it was shut down by the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic]] in 2020. The Attenboroughs took a 10 per cent profit-participation in the production, which was paid for out of their combined weekly salary; Attenborough later wrote in his autobiography, "It proved to be the wisest business decision I've ever made... but foolishly I sold some of my share to open a short-lived Mayfair restaurant called 'The Little Elephant' and later still, disposed of the remainder in order to keep ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' afloat."<ref>''Entirely Up To You, Darling'' by Diana Hawkins & Richard Attenborough; page 180; paperback; Arrow Books; published 2009; {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}</ref><br />
<br />
At the beginning of the 1950s Attenborough featured on radio on the [[BBC Light Programme]] introducing records.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/656f9afff7134c55a271f709472f2248|title=Richard Attenborough's RECORD RENDEZVOUS|journal=Radio Times|date=1 April 1950|issue=1380|pages=41|via=BBC Genome}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Richard Attenborough - 1965.jpg|thumb|upright|in ''Flight of the Phoenix'' (1965)]]<br />
Attenborough worked prolifically in British films for the next 30 years, including in the 1950s, appearing in several successful comedies for [[Boulting brothers|John and Roy Boulting]], such as ''[[Private's Progress]]'' (1956) and ''[[I'm All Right Jack]]'' (1959).<ref name="imdb" /><br />
<br />
In 1963, he appeared alongside [[Steve McQueen]] and [[James Garner]] in ''[[The Great Escape (film)|The Great Escape]]'' as RAF Squadron Leader Roger Bartlett ("Big X"), the head of the escape committee, based on the real-life exploits of [[Roger Bushell]]. It was his first appearance in a major Hollywood film blockbuster and his most successful film thus far.<ref name="imdb" /> During the 1960s, he expanded his range of character roles in films such as ''[[Séance on a Wet Afternoon]]'' (1964) and ''[[Guns at Batasi]]'' (1964), for which he won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor]] for his portrayal of [[Regimental Sergeant Major]] Lauderdale. In 1965 he played Lew Moran opposite [[James Stewart]] in ''[[The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film)|The Flight of the Phoenix]]''. In 1967 and 1968, he won back-to-back [[Golden Globe Awards]] in the category of [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actor]], the first time for ''[[The Sand Pebbles (film)|The Sand Pebbles]]'', again co-starring Steve McQueen, and the second time for ''[[Doctor Dolittle (film)|Doctor Dolittle]]'' starring [[Rex Harrison]].<ref name="imdb" /><br />
<br />
His portrayal of the [[serial killer]] [[John Christie (murderer)|John Christie]] in ''[[10 Rillington Place]]'' (1971) garnered excellent reviews. In 1977, he played the ruthless [[Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet|General Outram]], again to great acclaim, in the Indian director [[Satyajit Ray]]'s period piece ''[[Shatranj Ke Khilari|The Chess Players]]''.<ref name="imdb" /><br />
<br />
He took no acting roles following his appearance in [[Otto Preminger]]'s version of ''[[The Human Factor (1979 film)|The Human Factor]]'' (1979) until his appearance as John Hammond in [[Steven Spielberg]]'s ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'' (1993) and the film's sequel, ''[[The Lost World: Jurassic Park]]'' (1997). He starred in the remake of ''[[Miracle on 34th Street (1994 film)|Miracle on 34th Street]]'' (1994) as [[Santa Claus|Kris Kringle]]. Later he made occasional appearances in supporting roles, including as [[William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley|Sir William Cecil]] in the historical drama ''[[Elizabeth (film)|Elizabeth]]'' (1998), Jacob in ''[[Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (film)|Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat]]'' and as "The Narrator" in the [[Puckoon#Film|film adaptation]] of [[Spike Milligan]]'s comedy book ''[[Puckoon]]'' (2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2002/jul/23/artsfeatures |location=London, UK |work=The Guardian |first=Bob |last=Flynn |title=Arts: Filming Spike Milligan's Puckoon |date=2 August 2002}}</ref><br />
<br />
He made his only appearance in a film adaptation of [[Shakespeare]] when he played the English ambassador who announces that [[Rosencrantz and Guildenstern]] are dead at the end of [[Kenneth Branagh]]'s ''[[Hamlet (1996 film)|Hamlet]]'' (1996).<ref name="imdb" /><br />
<br />
==Producer and director==<br />
In the late 1950s, Attenborough formed a production company, Beaver Films, with [[Bryan Forbes]] and began to build a profile as a producer on projects including ''[[The League of Gentlemen (film)|The League of Gentlemen]]'' (1959), ''[[The Angry Silence]]'' (1960) and ''[[Whistle Down the Wind (film)|Whistle Down the Wind]]'' (1961), appearing in the cast of the first two films.<ref name="imdb" /> His performance in ''The Angry Silence'' earned him his first nomination for a BAFTA. ''Séance on a Wet Afternoon'' won him his first BAFTA award.<br />
<br />
His feature film directorial debut was the all-star screen version of the hit musical ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]'' (1969), after which his acting appearances became sporadic as he concentrated more on directing and producing. He later directed two epic period films: ''[[Young Winston]]'' (1972), based on the early life of [[Winston Churchill]], and ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' (1977), an all-star account of Second World War [[Operation Market Garden]].<ref name="imdb" /><br />
<br />
He won the 1982 [[Academy Award for Best Director]] for his historical epic ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'', and as the film's producer, the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]; the same film garnered two [[Golden Globes]], this time for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]] and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Film]], in 1983. He had been attempting to get the project made for 18 years.<ref name="imdb" /> He directed [[A Chorus Line (film)|the screen version]] of the musical ''[[A Chorus Line]]'' (1985) and the [[Internal resistance to apartheid|anti-apartheid]] drama ''[[Cry Freedom]]'' (1987). He was nominated for a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director]] for both films.<ref name="imdb">{{IMDb name|0000277}}</ref> The success of the latter film prompted Attenborough to sign a contract with [[Universal Pictures]] to produce and direct films over the next five years, set to produce three films for the studio, and timetable calls would be set up by January and the first production was slated for release by 1989.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 November 1987 |title=U Extends Contract With Attenborough As 'Freedom' Bows |pages=4, 23 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
His later films as director and producer include ''[[Chaplin (film)|Chaplin]]'' (1992) starring [[Robert Downey Jr.]], as [[Charlie Chaplin]] and ''[[Shadowlands (1993 film)|Shadowlands]]'' (1993), based on the relationship between [[C. S. Lewis]] and [[Joy Davidman|Joy Gresham]] ([[C. S. Lewis]] was portrayed by [[Anthony Hopkins]], who had appeared in four previous films for Attenborough: ''Young Winston'', ''A Bridge Too Far'', ''[[Magic (1978 film)|Magic]]'' and ''Chaplin'').<br />
<br />
Between 2006 and 2007, he spent time in [[Belfast]], working on his last film as director and producer, ''[[Closing the Ring]]'', a love story set in Belfast during the Second World War, and starring [[Shirley MacLaine]], [[Christopher Plummer]] and [[Pete Postlethwaite]].<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i66abf6954df1d43ff4b99604a6253a3c Works nabs U.K. rights to ''Closing The Ring''] from ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]''</ref><br />
<br />
Despite maintaining an acting career alongside his directorial roles, Attenborough never directed himself (save for an uncredited cameo appearance in ''A Bridge Too Far'').<ref name="IMDb_cast">{{cite web |title=A Bridge Too Far - Full Cast & Crew |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0075784/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast |publisher=IMDb |year=1977}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Later projects==<br />
[[File:Richard Attenborough 1975.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Attenborough in 1975]]<br />
After 33 years of dedicated service as President of the [[Muscular Dystrophy]] campaign, Attenborough became the charity's Honorary Life President in 2004. In 2012, the charity, which leads the fight against muscle-wasting conditions in the UK, established the Richard Attenborough Fellowship Fund to honour his lifelong commitment to the charity, and to ensure the future of clinical research and training at leading UK neuromuscular centres.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.muscular-dystrophy.org/waystodonate/fund_a_scientist/richard_attenborough_fellowship_fund|title=Richard Attenborough Fellowship Fund|publisher=Muscular-dystrophy.org|access-date=24 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105051506/http://www.muscular-dystrophy.org/waystodonate/fund_a_scientist/richard_attenborough_fellowship_fund|archive-date=5 November 2014}}</ref><br />
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Attenborough was also the patron of the [[United World Colleges]] movement, whereby he contributed to the colleges that are part of the organisation. He was a frequent visitor to the [[Waterford Kamhlaba]] [[United World Colleges|United World College]] of Southern Africa (UWCSA). With his wife, they founded the Richard and Sheila Attenborough Visual Arts Centre. He founded the Jane Holland Creative Centre for Learning at Waterford Kamhlaba in [[Swaziland]] in memory of his daughter who died in the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake|tsunami on 26 December 2004]].<ref name="bio"/><br />
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He was a longtime advocate of education that does not judge upon colour, race, creed or religion. His attachment to Waterford was his passion for non-racial education, which were the grounds on which Waterford Kamhlaba was founded. Waterford was one of his inspirations for directing the film ''[[Cry Freedom]]'', based on the life of [[Steve Biko]].<ref name="bio">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000277/bio|title=Richard Attenborough. Biography|publisher=IMDb|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0092804/trivia?ref_=tt_ql_2|title=Cry Freedom (1987). Trivia|publisher=IMDb|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=August 2014}}<br />
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He founded [[Attenborough Arts Centre|The Richard Attenborough Arts Centre]] on the Leicester University campus in 1997, specifically designed to provide access for the disabled, in particular as practitioners.<ref name="Le">{{cite web |url=https://www2.le.ac.uk/hosted/attenborougharts/about|title=Our Vision|website=The University of Leicester. Attenborough Arts Centre|date=8 June 2018|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://disabilityarts.online/directory/embrace-arts/|title=Attenborough Arts Centre|website=Disability Arts Online/|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}<br />
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He was elected to the post of [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] of the [[University of Sussex]] on 20 March 1998, replacing [[Charles Gordon-Lennox, 10th Duke of Richmond|The Duke of Richmond and Gordon]]. He stood down as Chancellor of the university following graduation in July 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theargus.co.uk/search/2235631.Lord_Attenborough_steps_down_as_Sussex_University_chancellor_|title=Lord Attenborough steps down as Sussex University chancellor|first=Richard|last=Gurner|work=The Argus|location=Brighton, UK|access-date=5 June 2011|archive-date=15 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115234123/https://www.theargus.co.uk/search/2235631.Lord_Attenborough_steps_down_as_Sussex_University_chancellor_/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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A lifelong supporter of [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea Football Club]], Attenborough served as a director of the club from 1969 to 1982 and between 1993 and 2008 held the honorary position of Life Vice President. On 30 November 2008 he was honoured with the title of Life President at the club's stadium, [[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|Stamford Bridge]].<br />
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He was also head of the consortium [[Dragon International Film Studios]], which was constructing a film and television studio complex in [[Llanilid]], Wales, nicknamed "Valleywood". In March 2008, the project was placed into administration with debts of £15&nbsp;million and was considered for sale of the assets in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-12632138|work=BBC News|title=Valleywood film studios faces possible sell-off|date=3 March 2011}}</ref> A mooted long-term lease to [[Fox 21 Television Studios|Fox 21]] fell through in 2015, though the facilities continue to be used for filmmaking.<ref>Daniels, Nia. [http://www.theknowledgeonline.com/the-knowledge-bulletin/post/2016/07/13/william-shakespeare-heads-to-wales William Shakespeare heads to Wales] at theknowledgeonline.com, 13 July 2016.</ref><br />
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He had a lifelong ambition to make a film about his hero the political theorist and revolutionary [[Thomas Paine]], whom he called "one of the finest men that ever lived". He said in an interview in 2006 that "I could understand him. He wrote in simple English. I found all his aspirations – the rights of women, the health service, universal education... Everything you can think of that we want is in ''[[Rights of Man]]'' or ''[[The Age of Reason]]'' or ''[[Common Sense (pamphlet)|Common Sense]]''."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/sep/06/tsunami2004.worldcinema|title=Richard Attenborough on laughter, levity and the loss of his daughter|work=The Guardian|location=London, UK|first=Simon|last=Hattenstone|date=6 September 2008|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2009/09/pain-s18.html|title=A New World: A Life of Thomas Paine by Trevor Griffiths|work=World Socialist Website|author=Ann Talbot|date=18 September 2009|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.patheos.com/blogs/filmchat/2008/06/flashback-sir-richard-attenborough-the-grey-owl-interview.html|title=Flashback: Sir Richard Attenborough, the Grey Owl interview|work=Patheos|author=Peter T. Chattaway|date=11 June 2008|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> He could not secure the funding to do so.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/norfolk/3133896.stm|title=Reformer may be captured on film|work=BBC News|date=23 September 2003|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> The website "A Gift for Dickie" was launched by two filmmakers from Luton in June 2008 with the aim of raising £40m in 400 days to help him make the film, but the target was not met and the money that had been raised was refunded.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bedfordtoday.co.uk/news/local/dickie-attenborough-gets-help-from-luton-film-makers-1-1029819|title=Dickie Attenborough gets help from Luton film makers|work=Bedford Today|date=10 June 2008|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.directorsnotes.com/2008/05/05/a-gift-for-dickie|title=A Gift for Dickie|work=Directors Notes|date=5 May 2008|access-date=24 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114234/http://www.directorsnotes.com/2008/05/05/a-gift-for-dickie/|archive-date=26 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Sir Richard Attenborough.jpg|thumb|300px|Lord Attenborough during his term as Chancellor of the [[University of Sussex]], February 2006]]<br />
Attenborough's father was the principal of [[University of Leicester|University College, Leicester]], now the city's university. This resulted in a long association with the university, with Attenborough becoming a patron. The university's Embrace Arts at the RA centre,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.embracearts.co.uk|title=Index – University of Leicester|publisher=Embracearts.co.uk|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> which opened in 1997 is named in his honour. He had two younger brothers: naturalist and broadcaster [[David Attenborough|David]] and [[car dealership|motor trade]] executive [[John Attenborough|John]].<br />
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Attenborough married actress [[Sheila Sim]] in [[Kensington]] on 22 January 1945.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=QmqnRs8Yh2bf6pa71nmD1g&scan=1|title=Index entry|access-date=29 December 2017|work=FreeBMD|publisher=ONS}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Lady Attenborough – obituary |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/12112947/Lady-Attenborough-obituary.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/12112947/Lady-Attenborough-obituary.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London, UK |date=21 January 2016 |access-date=29 December 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> From 1949 until October 2012, they lived in [[Old Friars]] on [[Richmond Green]] in London.<br />
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In the 1940s, he was asked to 'improve his physical condition' for his role as Pinkie in ''Brighton Rock''. He trained with [[Chelsea Football Club]] for a fortnight, subsequently becoming good friends with those at the club. He went on to become a director during the 1970s, helping to prevent the club losing its [[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|home ground]] by holding onto his club shares and donating them, worth over £950,000, to Chelsea. In 2008, Attenborough was appointed [[Chelsea F.C.#Club personnel|Life President of Chelsea Football Club]].<ref>[http://www.chelseafc.com/news/latest-news/2014/08/lord-attenborough-1923-2014.html News: Chelsea Football Club], Chelsea F.C., August 2014.</ref><br />
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On 26 December 2004, the couple's elder daughter, [[Jane Attenborough|Jane Holland]] (30 September 1955 – 26 December 2004), along with her mother-in-law, Audrey Holland, and Attenborough's 15-year-old granddaughter, Lucy, were killed when a tsunami caused by the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|Indian Ocean earthquake]] struck [[Khao Lak]], Thailand, where they were on holiday.<ref name=Telg1479972>{{cite news|last=Born|first=Matt|title=Triple tragedy hits Attenborough family|url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/1479972/Triple-tragedy-hits-Attenborough-family.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/1479972/Triple-tragedy-hits-Attenborough-family.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=13 June 2016|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=29 December 2004|location=London, UK}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4145219.stm|title=Attenborough family's fatal tsunami decision|work=[[BBC News]]|date=18 December 2005|access-date=9 November 2016}}</ref><ref name=GuardJaneObit>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/08/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries|title=Obituary: Jane Attenborough|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=8 April 2005|access-date=9 November 2016}}</ref><br />
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A service was held on 8 March 2005 and Attenborough read a lesson at the national memorial service on 11 May 2005. His grandson Samuel Holland, who survived the tsunami uninjured, and granddaughter Alice Holland, who suffered severe leg injuries, also read in the service.<ref name=GuardJaneObit/> A commemorative plaque was placed in the floor of St Mary Magdalene's parish church in [[Richmond, London|Richmond]]. Attenborough later described the Boxing Day of 2004 as "the worst day of my life". Attenborough had two other children, [[Michael Attenborough|Michael]] (born 13 February 1950) and [[Charlotte Attenborough|Charlotte]] (born 29 June 1959). Michael is a theatre director formerly the Deputy Artistic Director of the RSC and [[artistic director]] of the [[Almeida Theatre]] in London and has been married to actress Karen Lewis since 1984; they have two sons, Tom and [[Will Attenborough|Will]]. Charlotte, an actress, married Graham Sinclair in 1993 and has two children.<ref name=Telg1479972/><br />
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He publicly endorsed the Labour Party in the 2005 General Election, despite his opposition to the [[Iraq War]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/apr/26/election2005.labour Richard Attenborough endorses Labour in 2005 General Election], ''The Guardian'', 26 April 2005.</ref><br />
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Attenborough collected [[Picasso]] [[ceramic art|ceramics]] from the 1950s. More than 100 items went on display at the [[New Walk Museum]] and Art Gallery in Leicester in 2007, in an exhibition dedicated to family members lost in the tsunami.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/article1808736.ece|title=Richard Attenborough's Picasso ceramics|work=The Times|access-date=3 September 2011|location=London, UK|first=Greg|last=Hurst}}</ref><br />
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In 2008, he published an informal autobiography entitled ''Entirely Up to You, Darling'' in association with his colleague Diana Hawkins.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Entirely Up to You, Darling by Richard Attenborough |url=https://www.penguin.com.au/books/entirely-up-to-you-darling-9780099503040 |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=www.penguin.com.au |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hawkins|first=Diana|title=Entirely Up to You, Darling|publisher=Arrow|year=2009|isbn=978-0099503040|location=London|pages=336}}</ref><br />
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===Illness and death===<br />
[[File:St Mary Magdalene's, Richmond, Richard Attenborough memorial.jpg|thumb|upright|Markers for the graves of Richard Attenborough, [[Sheila Sim]], their daughter [[Jane Attenborough|Jane Holland]] and their granddaughter, Lucy, at [[St Mary Magdalene, Richmond]].]]<br />
In August 2008, Attenborough entered hospital with heart problems and was fitted with a [[Artificial cardiac pacemaker|pacemaker]]. In December 2008, he suffered a fall at his home after a stroke<ref name=Telg9954199/> and was admitted to [[St George's Hospital]], [[Tooting]], South West London. In November 2009, Attenborough, in what he called a "house clearance" sale, sold part of his extensive art collection, which included works by [[L. S. Lowry]], [[Christopher R. W. Nevinson]] and [[Graham Sutherland]], generating £4.6&nbsp;million at [[Sotheby's]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Adams|first=Stephen|title=Lord Attenborough's picture sale makes £4.6m at Sotheby's|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/6546233/Lord-Attenboroughs-picture-sale-makes-4.6m-at-Sothebys.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/6546233/Lord-Attenboroughs-picture-sale-makes-4.6m-at-Sothebys.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London, UK|date=11 November 2009}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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In January 2011, he sold his [[Rhubodach]] estate on the Scottish [[Isle of Bute]] for £1.48&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite news|last=Johnson|first=Simon|title=Richard Attenborough seeks compensation after he is forced to sell Scottish estate at knock-down price|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/8276933/Richard-Attenborough-seeks-compensation-after-he-is-forced-to-sell-Scottish-estate-at-knock-down-price.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/8276933/Richard-Attenborough-seeks-compensation-after-he-is-forced-to-sell-Scottish-estate-at-knock-down-price.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London, UK|date=23 January 2011|access-date=25 August 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In May 2011, David Attenborough said his brother had been confined to a wheelchair since his stroke in 2008,<ref name=Telg9954199 /> but was still capable of holding a conversation. He added that "he won't be making any more films."<ref name=Telg8507673>{{cite news|last=Walker|first=Tim|title=Lord Attenborough takes a final bow|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/8507673/Lord-Attenborough-takes-a-final-bow.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/8507673/Lord-Attenborough-takes-a-final-bow.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=5 June 2011|date=12 May 2011|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London, UK}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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In June 2012, shortly before her 90th birthday, [[Sheila Sim]] entered the professional actors' retirement home [[Denville Hall]], in [[Northwood, London|Northwood]], London, for which she and Attenborough had helped raise funds. In October 2012, it was announced that Attenborough was putting the family home, Old Friars, with its attached offices, Beaver Lodge, which came complete with a sound-proofed cinema in the garden, on the market for £11.5&nbsp;million. His brother David stated: "He and his wife both loved the house, but they now need full-time care.<ref name=Telg9430222>{{cite news|title=Lord Attenborough's family rally round as Sheila Sim is hit by illness|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9430222/Lord-Attenboroughs-family-rally-round-as-Sheila-Sim-is-hit-by-illness.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9430222/Lord-Attenboroughs-family-rally-round-as-Sheila-Sim-is-hit-by-illness.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=27 July 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref> It simply isn't practical to keep the house on any more."<ref>Walker, Tim. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/starsandstories/9639303/Lord-Attenborough-gives-up-an-11.5-million-love-affair.html "Lord Attenborough gives up an £11.5 million love affair"], ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (London), 29 October 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2012.</ref> In December 2012, in light of his deteriorating health, Attenborough moved into the same nursing home in London to be with his wife, as confirmed by their son Michael.<ref name=Telg9954199>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9954199/Film-director-Richard-Attenborough-moved-to-care-home.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9954199/Film-director-Richard-Attenborough-moved-to-care-home.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Film director Richard Attenborough moved to care home|first=Melanie|last=Hall|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London, UK|date=26 March 2013|access-date=21 April 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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Attenborough died at Denville Hall, on 24 August 2014, at the age of 90.<ref name="bbc-death">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-28923074|title=Actor Richard Attenborough dies at 90|date=24 August 2014|access-date=24 August 2014|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="guardian-death">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/aug/24/richard-attenborough-died-aged-90|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London, UK|date=24 August 2014|first=Chris|last=Johnston|title=Richard Attenborough dies aged 90|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> He requested that his ashes be interred in a vault at [[St Mary Magdalene, Richmond|St Mary Magdalene church]] in [[Richmond, London|Richmond]] beside those of his daughter Jane Holland and his granddaughter, Lucy, both of whom had died in the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004 Boxing Day tsunami]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/11910577/Richard-Attenboroughs-last-request-place-my-ashes-with-my-daughter-and-granddaughter.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/11910577/Richard-Attenboroughs-last-request-place-my-ashes-with-my-daughter-and-granddaughter.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Richard Attenborough's last request: place my ashes with my daughter and granddaughter|date=4 October 2015|work=The Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/hollywood/news/Richard-Attenboroughs-ashes-to-be-interred-with-daughter/articleshow/49240702.cms|title=Richard Attenborough's ashes to be interred with daughter|website=The Times of India}}</ref> He was survived by his wife of 69 years, their oldest and youngest children, six grandchildren, two great-grandchildren, and his younger brother [[David Attenborough|David]]. His widow, actress Sheila Sim, died on 19 January 2016, aged 93.<ref>{{cite news |last= Dagan |first=Carmel |date=20 January 2016 |title=Sheila Sims [sic], Actress Who Was Richard Attenborough's Widow, Dies at 93 |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/sheila-sims-dead-richard-attenborough-wife-1201684245/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=8 July 2018}}</ref><br />
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==Honours==<br />
In the [[1967 Birthday Honours]], he was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE).<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=44326 |date=10 June 1967|page=6278 |supp=y}}</ref> He was made a [[Knight Bachelor]] in the [[1976 New Year Honours]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=46777|date=1 January 1976|page=1 |supp=y}}</ref> having the honour conferred on 10 February 1976<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=46828|date=17 February 1976|page=2435}}</ref> and on 30 July 1993 he was created a [[life peer]] as '''Baron Attenborough''', of [[Richmond, London|Richmond upon Thames]] in the [[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.burkes-peerage.net/familyhomepage.aspx?FID=0&FN=ATTENBOROUGH|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811022430/http://www.burkespeerage.com/familyhomepage.aspx?FID=0&FN=ATTENBOROUGH|archive-date=11 August 2011|title=Burke's Peerage – Preview Family Record|publisher=Burkes-peerage.net|access-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="Gazette">{{London Gazette|issue=53397|date=10 August 1993|page=13291 }}</ref><br />
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Although the appointment by [[John Major]] was 'non-political' (it was granted for services to the cinema) and he could have been a [[crossbencher]], Attenborough chose to take the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] whip and so sat on the Labour benches. In 1992 he had been offered a peerage by [[Neil Kinnock]], then leader of the Labour Party, but refused it as he felt unable to commit himself to the time necessary "to do what was required of him in the Upper Chamber, as he always put film-making first".<ref>''Entirely Up To You, Darling'' by Diana Hawkins & Richard Attenborough; pp 245–50; Arrow Books; published 2009; {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}</ref><br />
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Attenborough was the subject of ''[[This Is Your Life (UK TV series)|This Is Your Life]]'' in December 1962 when he was surprised by [[Eamonn Andrews]] at the [[Savoy Hotel]], during a dinner held to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the [[Agatha Christie]] play ''[[The Mousetrap]]'', in which he had been an original cast member.<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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In 1983, Attenborough was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]], India's third highest civilian award,<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |year=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> and the Martin Luther King Jr. Nonviolence Peace Prize by the [[King Center for Nonviolent Social Change|Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thekingcenter.org/the-king-holiday/commemorative-service|title=Commemorative Services: Martin Luther King Jr.|publisher=Thekingcenter.org |access-date=3 September 2011}}</ref> He was also awarded France's most distinguished awards, the [[Legion of Honour]] and the [[Order of Arts and Letters]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/9e5b3252-2bd4-11e4-b052-00144feabdc0|title=Richard Attenborough – face of British cinema for half a century|newspaper=Financial Times |date=24 August 2014}}</ref> and the [[Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo|Order of the Companions of O.R. Tambo]] by the South African government 'for his contribution to the struggle against apartheid'.<br />
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In 1992, the [[Hamburg]]-based [[Alfred Toepfer Stiftung F.V.S.|Alfred Toepfer Foundation]] awarded Attenborough its annual [[Shakespeare Prize]] in recognition of his life's work. The following year he was appointed a Fellow of [[King's College London]].<ref>[http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/history/fellows.aspx Fellows: King's College London], King's College London. Retrieved 2 June 2016.</ref><br />
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On 13 July 2006, Attenborough, along with his brother [[David Attenborough|David]], were awarded the titles of [[Honorary title (academic)|Distinguished Honorary Fellows]] of the [[University of Leicester]] "in recognition of a record of continuing distinguished service to the university".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/ebulletin/news/press-releases/2000-2009/2006/06/nparticle.2006-06-09.8313843344|title=Honorary Degrees and Distinguished Honorary Fellowships Announced by University of Leicester|publisher=University of Leicester|date=9 June 2006|access-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><br />
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On 20 November 2008, Attenborough was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Drama from the [[Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama]] (RSAMD) in [[Glasgow]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7710935.stm |title=Actors honoured by arts academy |work=BBC News |date=5 November 2008 |access-date=8 May 2014}}</ref><br />
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Attenborough was an Honorary Fellow of [[Bangor University]] for his contributions to film making.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bangor.ac.uk/about/alumni/Lord_Attenborough.php.en|title=Lord Attenborough, Honorary Fellow, Bangor University|publisher=Bangor.ac.uk|access-date=5 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607073928/http://www.bangor.ac.uk/about/alumni/Lord_Attenborough.php.en|archive-date=7 June 2011}}</ref><br />
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[[Pinewood Studios]] paid tribute to his body of work by naming a purpose-built {{convert|30000|sqft|adj=on}} [[sound stage]] after him. In his absence because of illness, [[David Puttnam|Lord Puttnam]] and Pinewood chairman [[Michael Grade|Lord Grade]] officially unveiled the stage on 23 April 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinewoodgroup.com/our-studios/uk/news/richard-attenborough-stage-opens-business-pinewood-studios|title=The Richard Attenborough Stage opens for business at Pinewood Studios|publisher=pinewoodgroup.com|date=23 April 2012|access-date=23 April 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Arts for India charity committee honoured Attenborough posthumously on 19 October 2016 at an event hosted at the home of BAFTA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.journalism.net.in/arts-india-honor-sir-richard-attenborough-posthumously/|title=Arts for India to honour Sir Richard Attenborough posthumously|date=16 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
=== Film ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! | Year !! Title !! Producer !! Director !! Actor !! Role !! Notes<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1942 || align=left | ''[[In Which We Serve]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | A young stoker ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1943 || align=left | ''[[Schweik's New Adventures]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Railway worker ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1944 || align=left | ''[[The Hundred Pound Window]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Tommy Draper ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1945 || align=left | ''[[Journey Together]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | David Wilton ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1946 || align=left | ''[[A Matter of Life and Death (film)|A Matter of Life and Death]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | An English pilot ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1946 || align=left | ''[[School for Secrets]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Jack Arnold ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1947 || align=left | ''[[The Man Within (film)|The Man Within]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Francis Andrews ||<br />
|- align=center ''[[The Number 23 (film)|The Number 23]]''<br />
| 1947 || align=left | ''[[Dancing with Crime]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Ted Peters ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1948 || align=left | ''[[Brighton Rock (1948 film)|Brighton Rock]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Pinkie Brown ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1948 || align=left | ''[[London Belongs to Me]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Percy Boon ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1948 || align=left | ''[[The Guinea Pig (film)|The Guinea Pig]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Jack Read ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1949 || align=left | ''[[The Lost People]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Jan ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1949 || align=left | ''[[Boys in Brown]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Jackie Knowles ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1950 || align=left | ''[[Morning Departure]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Stoker Snipe ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1951 || align=left | ''[[Hell Is Sold Out]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Pierre Bonnet ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1951 || align=left | ''[[The Magic Box]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Jack Carter ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1952 || align=left | ''[[Gift Horse (film)|Gift Horse]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Dripper Daniels ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1952 || align=left | ''[[Father's Doing Fine]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Dougall ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1954 || align=left | ''[[Eight O'Clock Walk]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Thomas "Tom" Leslie Manning ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1955 || align=left | ''[[The Ship That Died of Shame]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | George Hoskins ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1956 || align=left | ''[[Private's Progress]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Pvt. Percival Henry Cox ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1956 || align=left | ''[[The Baby and the Battleship]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Knocker White ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1957 || align=left | ''[[Brothers in Law (film)|Brothers in Law]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Henry Marshall ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1957 || align=left | ''[[The Scamp]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Stephen Leigh ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1958 || align=left | ''[[Dunkirk (1958 film)|Dunkirk]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | John Holden ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1958 || align=left | ''[[The Man Upstairs (1958 film)|The Man Upstairs]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Peter Watson ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1958 || align=left | ''[[Sea of Sand]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Brody ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1959 || align=left | ''[[Danger Within]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Capt. "Bunter" Phillips ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1959 || align=left | ''[[I'm All Right Jack]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Sidney De Vere Cox ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1959 || align=left | ''[[Jet Storm]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Ernest Tiller ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1959 || align=left | ''[[SOS Pacific]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Whitney Mullen ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1960 || align=left | ''[[The Angry Silence]]'' || {{yes}} || || {{yes}} || align=left | Tom Curtis ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1961 || align=left | ''[[Whistle Down the Wind (film)|Whistle Down the Wind]]'' || {{yes}} || || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1960 || align=left | ''[[The League of Gentlemen (film)|The League of Gentlemen]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Lexy ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1960 || align=left | ''Upgreen – And at 'Em '' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1962 || align=left | ''[[Only Two Can Play]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Gareth L. Probert ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1962 || align=left | ''[[The L-Shaped Room]]'' || {{yes}} || || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1962 || align=left | ''[[All Night Long (1962 film)|All Night Long]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Rod Hamilton ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1962 || align=left | ''[[The Dock Brief]]'' aka ''Trial and Error'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Herbert Fowle ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1963 || align=left | ''[[The Great Escape (film)|The Great Escape]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Sqn. Ldr. Roger Bartlett "Big X" ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1964 || align=left | ''[[The Third Secret (film)|The Third Secret]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Alfred Price-Gorham ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1964 || align=left | ''[[Séance on a Wet Afternoon]]'' || {{yes}} || || {{yes}} || align=left | Billy Savage ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1964 || align=left | ''[[Guns at Batasi]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Regimental Sgt. Major Lauderdale ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1965 || align=left | ''[[The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film)|The Flight of the Phoenix]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Lew Moran ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1966 || align=left | ''[[The Sand Pebbles (film)|The Sand Pebbles]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Frenchy Burgoyne ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1967 || align=left | ''[[Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)|Doctor Dolittle]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Albert Blossom ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1968 || align=left | ''[[Only When I Larf (film)|Only When I Larf]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Silas ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1968 || align=left | ''[[The Bliss of Mrs. Blossom]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Robert Blossom ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1969 || align=left | ''[[The Magic Christian (film)|The Magic Christian]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Oxford coach ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1969 || align=left | ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1970 || align=left | ''[[The Last Grenade]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Gen. Charles Whiteley ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1970 || align=left | ''[[Loot (1970 film)|Loot]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Inspector Truscott ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1970 || align=left | ''[[A Severed Head (film)|A Severed Head]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Palmer Anderson ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1971 || align=left | ''[[10 Rillington Place]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | [[John Christie (murderer)|John Christie]] ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1972 || align=left | ''Cup Glory'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Narrator ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1972 || align=left | ''[[Young Winston]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1974 || align=left | ''[[And Then There Were None (1974 film)|And Then There Were None]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Judge Arthur Cannon ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1975 || align=left | ''[[Brannigan (film)|Brannigan]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Cmdr. Sir Charles Swann ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1975 || align=left | ''[[Rosebud (1975 film)|Rosebud]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Edward Sloat ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1975 || align=left | ''[[Conduct Unbecoming (1975 film)|Conduct Unbecoming]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Maj. Lionel E. Roach ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1977 || align=left | ''[[Shatranj Ke Khilari]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | [[Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet|Lt. General Outram]] || Hindi Movie<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1977 || align=left | ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' || || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || align=left | Lunatic wearing glasses || Uncredited<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1978 || align=left | ''[[Magic (1978 film)|Magic]]'' || || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1979 || align=left | ''[[The Human Factor (1979 film)|The Human Factor]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Col. John Daintry ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1982 || align=left | ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1985 || align=left | ''[[A Chorus Line (film)|A Chorus Line]]'' || || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1987 || align=left | ''[[Cry Freedom]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1992 || align=left | ''[[Chaplin (film)|Chaplin]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1993 || align=left | ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | John Hammond ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1993 || align=left | ''[[Shadowlands (1993 film)|Shadowlands]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1994 || align=left | ''[[Miracle on 34th Street (1994 film)|Miracle on 34th Street]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | [[Santa Claus|Kris Kringle]] ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1996 || align=left | ''E=mc2'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | The Visitor ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1996 || align=left | ''[[Hamlet (1996 film)|Hamlet]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | English Ambassador to Denmark ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1996 || align=left | ''[[In Love and War (1996 film)|In Love and War]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1997 || align=left | ''[[The Lost World: Jurassic Park]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | John Hammond ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1998 || align=left | ''[[Elizabeth (film)|Elizabeth]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | [[William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley|Sir William Cecil]] ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1999 || align=left | ''[[Grey Owl (film)|Grey Owl]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1999 || align=left | ''[[Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (film)|Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Jacob ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 2002 || align=left | ''[[Puckoon]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Narrator || (final film role)<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 2007 || align=left | ''[[Closing the Ring]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 2015 || align=left | ''[[Jurassic World]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | John Hammond || (posthumous appearance – archive audio only)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Video games===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Voice role<br />
|-align=center<br />
| 1998 || align=left | ''[[Trespasser (video game)|Trespasser]]'' || align=left | John Hammond<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Portrayals==<br />
In early 1973, he was portrayed as "Dickie Attenborough" in the British Showbiz Awards sketch late in the third series of ''[[Monty Python's Flying Circus]]''. Attenborough is portrayed by [[Eric Idle]] as effusive and simpering. A portrayal similar to that seen in ''Monty Python'' can be seen in the early series of ''[[Spitting Image]]'', when Attenborough's caricature regularly appeared to thank others for an imaginary award. <br />
<br />
In 1985 he was played by [[Chris Barrie]] in ''[[The Lenny Henry Show]]'', in the final part of a serial pastiching ''[[A Passage to India (film)|A Passage to India]]'' and ''[[The Jewel in the Crown (TV series)|The Jewel in the Crown]]''. In response to the villain claiming "Gandhi won't win!", he appears in a suit covered in Academy Awards and declares "We've already won!"<br />
<br />
In 2012 Attenborough was portrayed by [[Simon Callow]] in the [[BBC Four]] biopic ''The Best Possible Taste'', about [[Kenny Everett]].<br />
<br />
[[Harris Dickinson]] plays Attenborough in the 2022 comedy murder mystery ''[[See How They Run (2022 film)|See How They Run]]''.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of oldest and youngest Academy Award winners and nominees#Best Director|List of oldest Best Director Academy Award winners]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category|Richard Attenborough}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|0000277}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|4262}}<br />
* [https://www.bafta.org/heritage/features/lord-attenborough-biography,442,BA.html Richard Attenborough Archive] on the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] (BAFTA) site<br />
* [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressrelease/media/media15.html University of Sussex] media release about Lord Attenborough's election as Chancellor, dated Friday, 20 March 1998<br />
* {{NPG name}}<br />
* {{Screenonline name|id=461983|name=Lord Attenborough}}<br />
* [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090104191600/bfi.org.uk/features/attenborough/ Richard Attenborough Stills & Posters Gallery from the British Film Institute]<br />
* [http://www.le.ac.uk/racentre/ Richard Attenborough Centre for Disability and the Arts]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130904002349/http://richardattenborough.co.uk/ Richard Attenborough in Leicester website]<br />
* {{UK Peer links | parliament = richard-attenborough/26829 | hansard = mr-richard-attenborough | hansardcurr = | guardian = | publicwhip = Lord_Attenborough | theywork = lord_attenborough | record = | bbc = 26829.stm | journalisted = }}<br />
* [http://www.virtual-history.com/movie/person/352/richard-attenborough Richard Attenborough] at Virtual History<br />
<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{S-media}}<br />
{{Succession box<br />
| before = –<br />
| title = [[National Film and Television School|NFTS]] Honorary Fellowship<br />
| years =<br />
| after = [[David Lean]], CBE<br />
}}<br />
{{Succession box<br />
| years = 2001–2010<br />
| title = President of the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]]<br />
| before = [[Anne, Princess Royal|The Princess Royal]]<br />
| after = [[Prince William, Duke of Cambridge|Prince William, The Duke of Cambridge]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Succession box|years = 2003–2014|title = President of the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]]|before = ''Unknown''|after = [[Kenneth Branagh|Sir Kenneth Branagh]]}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{Richard Attenborough}}<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
|title = Awards for Richard Attenborough<br />
|list =<br />
{{Academy Award Best Director}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Direction}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{British Film Institute Fellowship}}<br />
{{DirectorsGuildofAmericaAwardFeatureFilm}}<br />
{{Golden Globe Award for Best Director}}<br />
{{Golden Globe Award Best Supporting Actor Motion Picture}}<br />
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1980–89}}<br />
{{Silver Shell for Best Actor}}<br />
}}<br />
{{David Attenborough}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Attenborough, Richard}}<br />
[[Category:1923 births]]<br />
[[Category:2014 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English male actors]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Actors awarded knighthoods]]<br />
[[Category:Actors awarded British peerages]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]]<br />
[[Category:Attenborough family|Richard]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]<br />
[[Category:Best British Actor BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Directing Academy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Director BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Director Golden Globe winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Supporting Actor Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Chelsea F.C.]]<br />
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Directors Guild of America Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:English film directors]]<br />
[[Category:English film producers]]<br />
[[Category:English radio DJs]]<br />
[[Category:English-language film directors]]<br />
[[Category:English male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:English male Shakespearean actors]]<br />
[[Category:English male stage actors]]<br />
[[Category:European Film Awards winners (people)]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of King's College London]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of Emmanuel College, Cambridge]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of St Catherine's College, Oxford]]<br />
[[Category:Filmmakers who won the Best Film BAFTA Award]]<br />
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]<br />
[[Category:Life peers created by Elizabeth II]]<br />
[[Category:Labour Party (UK) life peers]]<br />
[[Category:Labour Party (UK) people]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Cambridgeshire]]<br />
[[Category:People associated with the University of Leicester]]<br />
[[Category:People educated at Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys]]<br />
[[Category:People from Cambridge]]<br />
[[Category:People from Leicester]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Praemium Imperiale]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Air Force airmen]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Air Force personnel of World War II]]<br />
[[Category:Producers who won the Best Picture Academy Award]]<br />
[[Category:Chairmen of Channel 4]]<br />
[[Category:Military personnel from Cambridgeshire]]<br />
[[Category:Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Biting&diff=1117183200Operation Biting2022-10-20T10:20:21Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1117172349 by Solange (talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|British Combined Operations raid during World War II}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox military conflict<br />
|conflict = Operation Biting<br />
|partof = the British raids during the [[Second World War]]<br />
|image = Bruneval Wurzburg 1.jpg<br />
|image_size = 300<br />
|caption = Bruneval photographed in December 1941<br>by the RAF, with its [[Würzburg radar]] at left<br />
|date = 27{{ndash}}28 February 1942<br />
|place = [[Bruneval]], France<br />
|coordinates = {{coord|49.6711|0.1618|region:FR-14_type:event|display=inline|name=Bruneval Würzburg installation}}<br />
|result = British victory<br />
|combatant1 = {{flagcountry|UK}}<br />
|combatant2 = {{flagcountry|GER|1935}}<br />
|units1 = {{ubl|[[2nd Battalion, Parachute Regiment|2nd Parachute Battalion]]<br />
|[[1st Airborne Division (United Kingdom)|1st Airborne Division]]}}<br />
|units2 = Unknown<br />
|commander1 = [[John Frost (British Army officer)|John Frost]]<br />
|commander2 = Unknown<br />
|strength1 = {{ubl|120 men<ref>Frost, p. 46.</ref><ref>Millar, p. 156.</ref><hr/><br />
|1 Sqn [[RAF]] transports|[[Royal Navy|RN]] support craft}}<br />
|strength2 = ~130 men<ref name="Harclerode210">Harclerode, p. 210.</ref><br />
|casualties1 = {{ubl|2 killed|6 wounded|6 captured<ref>Frost, p. 59.</ref><ref>Millar, p. 181.</ref>}}<br />
|casualties2 = {{ubl|5 killed|2 wounded|2 captured|3 missing<ref>Millar, p. 187.</ref>}}<br />
|map_type = English Channel<br />
|map_size = 280px<br />
|map_label = Bruneval<br />
|map_caption = The radar installation<br />
|campaignbox = {{Campaignbox British airborne forces operations}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Operation Biting''', also known as the '''Bruneval Raid''', was a British [[Combined Operations (United Kingdom)|Combined Operations]] [[Raid (military)|raid]] on a German coastal radar installation at [[Bruneval]] in northern France during the [[Second World War]], on the night {{nowr|of 27–28 February 1942}}.<br />
<br />
Several of these installations were identified from [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF) [[aerial reconnaissance]] photographs during 1941, but their exact purpose and the nature of the equipment that they possessed was not known. Some British scientists believed that these stations were connected with successful German attacks of RAF bombers conducting bombing raids against targets in [[German-occupied Europe|Occupied Europe]], resulting in severe losses of pilots and bombers. The scientists requested that one of these installations be raided and the technology it possessed be studied and, if possible, extracted and brought back to Britain for further examination.<br />
<br />
Due to the extensive [[Coastal defence and fortification|coastal defences]] erected by the Germans to protect the installation from a seaborne raid, the British believed that a [[British Commandos|commando]] raid from the sea would suffer heavy losses and give sufficient time for the enemy to destroy the installation. Officials decided that an [[Airborne forces|airborne]] assault followed by seaborne evacuation would be the most practicable way to surprise the garrison of the installation, seize the technology intact, and minimise casualties to the raiding force.<br />
<br />
On the night of 27 February, after a period of intense training and several delays due to poor weather, a [[Company (military unit)|company]] of airborne troops under the command of Major [[John Dutton Frost|John Frost]] parachuted into France a few miles from the installation. The main force assaulted the villa in which the radar equipment was kept, killing several members of the German garrison and capturing the installation after a brief firefight.<br />
<br />
An RAF technician with the force dismantled a [[Würzburg radar]] array and removed several key pieces, after which the force withdrew to the evacuation beach. The detachment assigned to clear the beach had initially failed to do so, but the German force guarding it was soon eliminated with the help of the main force. The raiding troops were picked up by [[landing craft]], and transferred to several [[motor gunboat]]s, which returned them to Britain.<br />
<br />
The raid was entirely successful. The airborne troops suffered relatively few casualties, and the pieces of the radar they brought back, along with a captured German radar technician, allowed British scientists to understand enemy advances in radar and to create countermeasures to neutralise them.<br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
After the end of the [[Battle of France]] and the evacuation of British troops from [[Dunkirk]] during [[Operation Dynamo]], much of Britain's war production and effort was channelled into [[RAF Bomber Command]] and the [[Strategic bombing during World War II|strategic bombing offensive against Germany]]. However, bomber losses on each raid began to increase during 1941, which British intelligence concluded was due to German use of advanced radar equipment.<ref>Millar, pp. 2–3.</ref><br />
<br />
The British and Germans had been competing in radar technology for nearly a decade at this point, with the German technology often at the same level as the British or surpassing them due to heavy investment in the fledgeling technology.<ref>Cornwell, p. 262.</ref> By the beginning of the Second World War, Britain had devised effective radar systems, primarily through the work of [[Robert Watson-Watt]], although much of the technology was still rudimentary in nature and Watson-Watt and other scientists had failed to devise an effective night-defence system in time for the German [[The Blitz|night-time bombing of Britain]] during 1940.<ref>Cornwell, p. 267.</ref><br />
<br />
Another British scientist working on radar systems and techniques was [[Reginald Victor Jones|R. V. Jones]], who had been appointed in 1939 as Britain's first scientific intelligence officer, and had spent the first years of the conflict researching how advanced German radar was in comparison to Britain,<ref>Cornwell, p. 268.</ref> convincing doubters that the Germans actually had radar.<ref>Jones, p. 192.</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Limber Freya radar illustration.png|thumb|left|upright=1|A Limber ''Freya'' radar|alt=Pencil drawing of equipment standing on four legs]]<br />
By examining leaked German documents, crashed {{lang|de|[[Luftwaffe]]}} bombers, [[Enigma machine|Enigma]] [[Encryption|decryptions]], and through German [[prisoner of war]] interrogations, Jones discovered that high-frequency radio signals were being transmitted across Britain from somewhere on the Continent, and he believed they came from a directional radar system.<ref>Cornwell, pp. 273–274.</ref> Within a few months of this discovery, Jones had identified several such radar systems, one of which was being used to detect British bombers; this was known as the "[[Freya radar|Freya-Meldung-Freya]]" array, named after the [[Freyja|ancient Norse goddess]].<ref name="Cornwell274">Cornwell, p. 274.</ref> Jones was finally able to see concrete proof of the presence of the Freya system after being shown several mysterious objects visible in reconnaissance pictures taken by the RAF near [[La Poterie-Cap-d'Antifer|Cap d'Antifer]] in [[Normandy]] – two circular emplacements in each of which was a rotating "mattress" antenna approximately {{cvt|20|ft|0}} wide. Having found proof of these Freya installations, Jones and the other scientists under his command could begin devising countermeasures against the system, and the RAF could begin to locate and destroy the installations themselves.<ref name="Cornwell274" /><br />
<br />
Jones also found evidence of a second part of the Freya set-up, referred to in Enigma decrypts as "[[Würzburg radar|Würzburg]]", but it was not until he was shown another set of RAF reconnaissance photographs in November 1941 that he learned what Würzburg was. The Würzburg radar device consisted of a [[parabolic antenna]] about {{cvt|10|ft|0}} in diameter, which worked in conjunction with Freya to locate British bombers and then direct {{lang|de|Luftwaffe}} [[night fighter]]s to attack them.<ref name="Cornwell275">Cornwell, p. 275.</ref> The two systems complemented each other: Freya was a long-range [[early-warning radar]] system, but lacked precision, whereas Würzburg had a much shorter range but was far more precise. Würzburg FuSE 62 D, also had the advantage of being much smaller than the Freya system and easier to manufacture in the quantities needed by the {{lang|de|Luftwaffe}} to defend German territory.<ref name="Cornwell275" /><ref name="Millar3">Millar, p. 3.</ref><br />
<br />
=== Prelude ===<br />
In order to effectively neutralise the Würzburg system by developing countermeasures against it, Jones and his team needed to study one of the systems, or at least the more vital pieces of technology of which the system was composed. One such site had recently been sighted by an RAF [[Supermarine Spitfire (early Merlin powered variants)#PR Mk I Types - Early Reconnaissance Versions|reconnaissance Spitfire]] from the [[No. 1 Photographic Reconnaissance Unit RAF|Photographic Reconnaissance Unit]] during a flight over part of the French [[English Channel]] coast near [[Le Havre]].<ref name="Harclerode208">Harclerode, p. 208.</ref><br />
<br />
The site was found on a clifftop immediately north of the village of Bruneval, which was itself {{convert|12|mi}} north of Le Havre, and was the most accessible German radar site that had been found so far by the British; several other installations were further inland in France, and others were as far away as Romania and Bulgaria.<ref name="Cornwell275" /><ref name="Millar3" /> A request for a raid on the Bruneval site to capture a Würzburg system was passed on to [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten]], the commander of Combined Operations.<ref name="Millar4">Millar, p. 4.</ref> Mountbatten, in turn, took the proposal to the [[Chiefs of Staff Committee]], who approved the raid after a brief debate.<ref name="Millar4" /><br />
<br />
Having received permission to conduct the raid, Mountbatten and his staff studied the Bruneval installation and its defences, rapidly coming to the conclusion that due to the extensive coastal defences in the area around the installation it was too well-guarded to permit a seaborne commando raid. They considered that such a raid would result in high casualties among the attacking troops and would not be fast enough to capture the Würzburg radar before it was destroyed by the Germans.<ref name=Otway65>Otway, p. 65.</ref> Believing that surprise and speed were to be the essential requirements of any raid against the installation to ensure the radar was captured, Mountbatten saw an airborne assault as the only viable method. On 8 January 1942, he therefore contacted the headquarters of [[1st Airborne Division (United Kingdom)|1st Airborne Division]] and [[No. 38 Group RAF|38 Wing RAF]], asking if they were able to conduct the raid. The division's commander, Major-General [[Frederick Browning]], was particularly enthusiastic, as a successful operation would be an excellent morale boost to the airborne troops under his command, as well as a good demonstration of their value.<ref name=Otway66>Otway, p. 66.</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Biting training.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Troops of the covering force and [[paratrooper]]s practise their withdrawal to the landing craft during training in Britain|alt=Men running down a cliff towards a waiting boat on the shore line]]<br />
The two commanders believed that training by both airborne troops and aircrews could be completed by the end of February when there would be suitable meteorological conditions for such an operation to take place. Training for the raid was begun immediately but encountered several problems. 38 Wing was a new unit still in the process of formation, so [[No. 51 Squadron RAF]] under [[Wing Commander (rank)|Wing Commander]] [[Percy Charles Pickard]] was selected to provide the aircraft and aircrew needed for the operation, although [[Group Captain]] [[Nigel Norman]] of 38 Wing would remain in overall command.<ref name=Otway66 /> Another problem encountered was the state of training of the unit of airborne troops chosen to raid the installation.<br />
<br />
During this period, 1st Airborne Division was composed of only two parachute battalions, of which only one ([[1st Battalion, Parachute Regiment|1st Parachute Battalion]]), was fully trained. Browning, wishing to keep 1st Parachute Battalion intact for any larger operation the division might be selected for, ordered [[2nd Battalion, Parachute Regiment|2nd Parachute Battalion]] to provide a company for the operation. 'C' Company commanded by Frost was selected, but the company had been so recently formed that Frost and many of his men had not yet completed their parachute jumping course.<ref name="Harclerode208" /><br />
<br />
The level of security imposed on the planning for the raid was so high that when Major Frost was first briefed by a liaison officer from the headquarters of 1st Airborne Division, he was informed that his company was to take part in an airborne warfare demonstration for the War Cabinet. He was also informed that C Company would be divided into four sections for the exercise, which was contrary to a plan Frost had devised for the exercise and confused him. It was only after Frost raised several objections with a more senior officer at headquarters that he was informed of the intended raid, after which the Major dropped his objections and turned his attention to training the company.<ref>Harclerode, pp. 208–209.</ref><br />
<br />
=== Training ===<br />
The company spent time on [[Salisbury Plain]] in [[Wiltshire]], and then travelled to [[Inveraray]] in Scotland where they underwent specialised training on [[Loch Fyne]], practising night embarkations on landing craft to prepare the company for evacuation by sea after raiding the radar installation. After this, the unit returned to Wiltshire and began carrying out practice parachute drops with the aircraft and aircrews of 51 Squadron.<br />
<br />
Despite the aircrews having no previous experience in dropping parachutists, these exercises proved to be successful.<ref name=Harclerode209>Harclerode, p. 209.</ref> The company's working-up was aided by the creation of a scale-model of the radar installation and the surrounding buildings being built by the [[Photographic Interpretation Unit]].<ref>Jones, p. 239.</ref> During this period, Major Frost was introduced to [[Commander#Royal Australian Navy|Commander]] [[F. N. Cook]] of the [[Royal Australian Navy]] who would be commanding the naval force intended to evacuate the company at the completion of the raid, as well as to the detachment of thirty-two officers and men from [[No. 12 Commando]] who would arrive in the landing craft and cover the company as it withdrew from the beach.<ref>Chappell, p. 27.</ref><ref name="Otway67">Otway, p. 67.</ref><br />
<br />
Frost also met RAF [[Flight Sergeant]] C.W.H. Cox, who had volunteered to accompany C Company for the operation; as an expert radio mechanic, it would be his job to locate the Würzburg radar set, photograph it, and dismantle part of it for transportation back to Britain.<ref>Millar, pp. 18–19.</ref> Derek Garrard of Jones' team asked Jones to obtain an Army uniform and identification number for Cox, as he would be the object of special attention from the Germans if he was captured in Air Force uniform, but the War Office were obdurate.<ref>Jones, p. 238.</ref><br />
<br />
Accompanying the strike force was a 10 man section of [[Royal Engineers]] of the 1st Air Troop led by Lt. Dennis Vernon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.paradata.org.uk/unit/1st-air-troop-re|title=1st Air Troop RE &#124; ParaData|website=www.paradata.org.uk}}</ref> Six of the sappers would dismantle the radar device whilst four sappers would plant [[anti-tank mine]]s to protect the force from counter attack.<br />
<br />
[[File:Würzburg.Radar.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.3|[[Würzburg]] radar of the type installed at Bruneval, folded for transport|alt=Wheeled radar looks like a circle cut down the middle forming two semi circles]]<br />
Information about the Bruneval radar installation was also gathered during this period, often with the help of the [[French Resistance]], without whom detailed knowledge of the disposition of the German forces guarding the installation would have been impossible. This information was gathered by [[Gilbert Renault]], known to the British by the code-name 'Rémy' and several members of his resistance network.<ref>Jones, pp. 236–237.</ref><br />
<br />
The installation was composed of two distinct areas; a villa approximately {{convert|100|yd|m}} from the edge of a cliff which contained the radar station itself, and an enclosure containing a number of smaller buildings which contained a small garrison. The Würzburg antenna was erected between the villa and the cliff.<ref name=Otway68>Otway, p. 68.</ref> The radar station was permanently manned by {{lang|de|Luftwaffe}} radar technicians and was surrounded by guard posts and approximately 30 guards; the buildings in the small enclosure housed about 100 German troops, including another detachment of technicians.<ref name=Harclerode210 /> A [[platoon]] of German infantry was stationed to the south in Bruneval, and was responsible for manning the defences guarding the evacuation beach; these included a [[strongpoint]] near the beach as well as [[Pillbox (military)|pillboxes]] and [[Defensive fighting position|machine gun nests]] on the top of the cliff overlooking the beach. The beach was not land mined and had only sporadic barbed-wire defences, but it was patrolled regularly; a mobile reserve of infantry was believed to be available at one hour's notice and stationed some distance inland.<ref name=Otway68 /><br />
<br />
Based on this information, Frost decided to divide the company into five groups of forty men for the raid, each named after a famous Royal Navy admiral: '[[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Nelson]]', '[[John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe|Jellicoe]]', '[[Sir Thomas Hardy, 1st Baronet|Hardy]]', '[[Francis Drake|Drake]]' and '[[George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney|Rodney]]'.<ref name=Harclerode209 /> 'Nelson' would clear and secure German positions defending the evacuation beach, whilst 'Jellicoe', 'Hardy' and 'Drake' would capture the radar site, villa and the enclosure. 'Rodney' was the reserve formation, placed between the radar site and the main likely enemy approach to block any counterattack.<ref>Harclerode, pp. 209–210.</ref><br />
<br />
It was considered that the combination of a full moon for visibility, and a rising tide to allow the landing craft to manoeuvre in shallow water, was vital for the success of the raid, which narrowed the possible dates to a four-day period between 24–27 February.<ref name=Harclerode209 /> On 23 February, a final rehearsal exercise took place, which proved to be a failure; despite ideal weather conditions, the evacuation landing craft grounded {{convert|60|yd|ft}} offshore and could not be shifted despite the efforts of the crews and troops.<ref name=Harclerode209 /><br />
<br />
== The raid ==<br />
[[File:Bruneval Wurtzburg 2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|The Würzburg radar array from another angle, showing the equipment in profile|alt=Aerial view of radar site]]<br />
The raid was postponed for several days after the 23 February rehearsal due to weather conditions, but on 27 February the weather proved to be ideal, with clear skies and good visibility for the aircraft of 51 Squadron, and a full moon which would provide illumination for the evacuation of the raiding force. The naval force under Commander Cook departed from Britain during the afternoon and the [[Armstrong Whitworth Whitley|Whitley]] transport aircraft carrying C Company took off from [[RAF Thruxton]] in the evening.<ref name="Otway67" /><br />
<br />
The aircraft crossed the English Channel without incident, but as they reached the French coast they came under heavy anti-aircraft fire; however, none of them were hit, and they successfully delivered C Company to the designated [[drop zone]] near the installation.<ref name=Harclerode210 /> The drop was an almost total success, with the majority of the raiding force landing on the edge of the drop zone; however, half of the 'Nelson' detachment landed two miles short of the DZ. Once the other detachments had gathered their equipment and oriented themselves, they moved off to undertake their arranged tasks.<ref name=Otway68 /><br />
<br />
'Jellicoe', 'Hardy and 'Drake' encountered no enemy opposition as they moved towards the villa housing the radar installation, and after surrounding the villa Frost gave the order to open fire with grenades and automatic fire. One German guard was killed as he returned fire from an upstairs window, and two more were taken prisoner by the airborne troops; upon interrogation, the prisoners revealed that the majority of the garrison were stationed further inland.<ref name=Harclerode212>Harclerode, p. 212.</ref> There still remained a substantial enemy force in the buildings in the small enclosure near the villa, and this now opened fire on the raiding force after being alerted by the initial firefight, killing one of the airborne troops.<ref name=Harclerode212 /><br />
<br />
The volume of fire rapidly increased, when enemy vehicles could be seen moving towards the villa from the nearby woods; this, in particular, worried Frost, as the radio sets the force had been issued failed to work, giving him no means of communication with his other detachments, including 'Nelson' who were tasked with clearing the evacuation beach. Flight Sergeant Cox and several [[sapper]]s arrived at this time and proceeded to dismantle the radar equipment, placing the pieces on specially designed trolleys.<ref>Otway, pp. 68–69.</ref><br />
<br />
Having secured the radar equipment and under heavy enemy fire, Major Frost gave the order for the three detachments to withdraw to the evacuation beach; it became apparent, however, that the beach had not been secured by the under-strength 'Nelson' detachment when a German machine gun opened fire on the airborne troops, severely wounding the [[company sergeant major]]. Frost ordered 'Rodney' and the available men of 'Nelson' to clear the defences, whilst he led the other three detachments back to the villa, which had been reoccupied by enemy troops.<ref name=Harclerode212 /><br />
<br />
The villa was soon cleared of enemy troops once more, and when Frost returned to the beach, he found that the machine-gun nest had been destroyed by the mis-dropped troops of 'Nelson'; avoiding other enemy positions, they had reached the beach and attacked the machine-gun post from the flank.<ref>Harclerode, pp. 212–213.</ref> By this time it was 02:15 but there was no sign of the naval force that was to evacuate the airborne troops. Frost ordered 'Nelson' to guard the inland approaches to the beach and then fired off an emergency [[signal flare]]; soon after that, the naval force was seen approaching. The original plan for the operation had called for two landing craft at a time to land on the beach, but this had never been satisfactorily achieved during training; instead, all six landing craft landed at the same time, with the covering troops in the landing craft opening fire on German soldiers gathering at the top of the cliff.<ref name=Otway69>Otway, p. 69.</ref><br />
<br />
This deviation from the original evacuation plan and the enemy fire caused considerable confusion on the beach; some of the landing craft left the beach over-crowded, whilst others left half-empty. However, the radar equipment, German prisoners and all but six of the raiding force were embarked and transferred to motor gunboats for transport back to Britain. On the return journey, Frost learned that the naval force had received no signals apart from the signal flare, and had spent much of the time hiding from a German naval patrol that had nearly discovered them. The journey back to Britain was uneventful, with the force being escorted by four [[destroyer]]s and a flight of [[Supermarine Spitfire|Spitfires]].<ref name=Otway69 /><br />
<br />
The paratroopers lost two killed, eight wounded and six men who did not return to the boats. They were later taken prisoner by the Germans.<ref>Kronborg, p. 171.</ref> German reports were found after the war, which made the German loss as follows: the army: two killed, one seriously wounded, two missing. {{lang|de|Luftwaffe}}: three killed, one wounded, three missing.<ref>Kronborg, pp. 178–184.</ref> A member of the French resistance movement who had participated in the previous reconnaissance in Bruneval was subsequently captured and executed by the Germans. A Frenchman and his fiancée were deported to concentration camps in Germany for providing help to surviving British paratroopers in their attempt to return to the UK.<ref>Kronborg, p. 183.</ref><br />
<br />
== Aftermath ==<br />
The success of the raid against the Bruneval installation had two important effects. First, a successful raid against German-occupied territory was a welcome morale boost for the British public, and featured prominently in the British media for several weeks afterwards.<ref>Harclerode, p. 214.</ref> The British [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]], [[Winston Churchill]] took a personal interest in the operation, and on 3 March assembled the [[War Cabinet]] to hear from Major Frost and several other officers who had participated in it. Several medals were awarded as a result.<br />
<br />
On 15 May 1942 a special supplement to the ''[[London Gazette]]'' carried the announcement of 19 decorations; Frost was awarded the [[Military Cross]] (MC), Cook the [[Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Service Cross]] (DSC) and Cox the [[Military Medal]] (MM); there were two other DSCs, two [[Distinguished Service Medal (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Service Medals]] (DSM), one other MC, two further MMs and nine [[Mentioned in Despatches|Mentions in Despatches]] (MiD).<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35558 |supp=y|pages=2111–2112|date=15 May 1942}}</ref> Wing Commander Pickard was also subsequently awarded a [[Medal bar|bar]] to his [[Distinguished Service Order]], on 26 May.<ref>Otway, p. 70.</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35574 |supp=y|page=2289|date=22 May 1942}}</ref> The success of the raid also prompted the [[War Office]] to expand the existing British airborne forces, setting up the Airborne Forces Depot and Battle School in [[Derbyshire]] in April 1942, and creating the [[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)|Parachute Regiment]] as well as converting a number of infantry battalions to airborne battalions in August 1942.<ref>Harclerode, p. 218.</ref><br />
<br />
The second and most important result of the raid was the technical knowledge that British scientists gained. Examination of the components of the radar array showed that it was of a [[modular design]] that aided maintenance and made fixing faults far simpler than on similar British radar models. This was confirmed during the interrogation of the captured German technician, who proved to be less well trained than his British counterparts.<ref>Bodanis, p. 142.</ref><ref>Jones, p. 244.</ref><br />
<br />
Examination of the radar array also allowed British scientists to conclude that they would have to deploy a countermeasure that had recently been developed, code-named [[Chaff (countermeasure)#Second World War|Window]]. Examination of the Würzburg array showed that it was impervious to being jammed by conventional means used by the British during the early years of the conflict; thus Window would have to be deployed against German radars.<ref>Millar, p. 191.</ref> The effectiveness of Window against Würzburg radar arrays was confirmed by a raid conducted by [[RAF Bomber Command]] on 24 July 1943 against [[Hamburg]] ([[Operation Gomorrah]]);<ref>Johnson, p. 116.</ref> when the bombers utilised Window, all of the radar arrays in Hamburg were blinded and their operators confused, unable to distinguish between the radar signature of a real bomber and several pieces of Window giving off a similar signature.<ref>Millar, p. 195.</ref><br />
<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=aftermath<br />
|align=center<br />
|File:Wing Commander Percy Pickard, CO of No. 51 Squadron RAF, inspects a captured German helmet with troops from 2nd Parachute Battalion after the Bruneval raid, 28 February 1942. H17347.jpg|Pickard examines a German helmet taken after the raid<br />
|File:Operation Biting Memorial.jpg|''Biting'' memorial at Bruneval<br />
|File:Flak aiming system-20764-IMG 7563-gradient.jpg|[[Flak]] pointing system captured at Bruneval and now on display at the [[Musée de l'Armée]] in Paris<br />
}}<br />
An unexpected bonus of the Bruneval raid was the Germans' efforts to improve defences at Würzburg stations and prevent similar attacks. The radars were surrounded by rings of barbed wire which increased their visibility from the air, making them easier to target prior to [[Operation Overlord]].<ref>Millar, p. 190.</ref><br />
<br />
One final consequence of the raid was that the [[Telecommunications Research Establishment]], where much of the Bruneval equipment was analysed, and where British radar systems were designed and tested, was moved further inland from [[Swanage]] on the southern coast of England to [[Malvern, Worcestershire|Malvern]], to ensure that it would not become the target of a reprisal raid by German airborne forces.<ref>Jones, p. 247.</ref><br />
<br />
The original model of the area around the radar station, used to brief troops taking part in the assault, is preserved in the [[Parachute Regiment and Airborne Forces Museum]], at the [[Imperial War Museum Duxford]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armymuseums.org.uk/museums/0000000009-Airborne-Assault-Museum-of-the-Parachute-Regiment-and-Airborne-Forces.htm |title=Airborne Assault, Museum of the Parachute Regiment and Airborne Forces|publisher=Army Museums Ogilby Trust|access-date=27 August 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Radar in World War II]]<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{Reflist|20em}}<br />
<br />
== Bibliography ==<br />
* {{cite book|last=Bodanis|first=David|title=Electric Universe|publisher=Crown|year=2001|isbn=1400045509|url=https://archive.org/details/electricuniverse00boda}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Chappell|first=Mike|title=Army Commandos 1940–1945|year=1996|series=Elite Series # 64|publisher=Osprey Publishing|location=London|isbn=1855325799}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Cornwell|first=John|title=Hitler's Scientists: Science, War and the Devil's Pact|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780142004807|url-access=registration|publisher=Penguin Books|year=2004|isbn=0140296867}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Frost|first=John|title=A Drop Too Many|author-link=John Dutton Frost|publisher=Cassell|year=1980|isbn=0850529271}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Harclerode|first=Peter|title=Wings Of War&nbsp;– Airborne Warfare 1918–1945|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0304367303}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Johnson|first=Brian|title=The Secret War|publisher=BBC|year=1978|isbn=0563174250|url=https://archive.org/details/secretwar0000john}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Jones|first=R.V.|title=Most Secret War: British Scientific Intelligence, 1939–1945|author-link=Reginald Victor Jones|publisher=Hamish Hamilton|year=1978|isbn=0241897467|url=https://archive.org/details/mostsecretwar0000jone}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Millar|first=George|title=The Bruneval Raid|author-link=George Millar (writer)|publisher=Doubleday & Company, Inc|year=1975|isbn=0385095422|url=https://archive.org/details/brunevalraidflas00mill}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Otway|first=Terence|title=The Second World War 1939–1945 Army&nbsp;– Airborne Forces|author-link=Terence Otway|publisher=[[Imperial War Museum]]|year=1990|isbn=0901627577}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Kronborg|first=Ove C.|title=De stjal Hitlers hemmelighed|language=da|publisher=Forlaget Als|year=2017|isbn=9788799675494}}<br />
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{{British Commando raids of the Second World War}}<br />
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[[Category:1942 in France]]<br />
[[Category:Airborne operations of World War II]]<br />
[[Category:Conflicts in 1942]]<br />
[[Category:February 1942 events]]<br />
[[Category:History of telecommunications in France]]<br />
[[Category:Radar]]<br />
[[Category:Technical intelligence during World War II]]<br />
[[Category:Telecommunications in World War II]]<br />
[[Category:World War II British Commando raids]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Attenborough&diff=1114204738Richard Attenborough2022-10-05T10:00:02Z<p>SteveCrook: /* Honors */ Removed spare '2' from "2November"</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|English actor and filmmaker (1923–2014)}}<br />
{{pp-move-indef}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=June 2011}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]<br />
| name = The Lord Attenborough<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE|FRSA}}<br />
| image = RichardAttenborough07TIFF.jpg<br />
| caption = Attenborough at the [[2007 Toronto International Film Festival|2007 TIFF]]<br />
| birth_name = Richard Samuel Attenborough<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1923|8|29}}<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2014|8|24|1923|8|29}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Cambridge]], England<br />
| death_place = {{nowrap|[[Northwood, London]], England}}<br />
| resting_place = [[St Mary Magdalene, Richmond]], London<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Sheila Sim]]|22 January 1945|<!--2014 omitted per instructions on Template:Marriage- when marriage ends on death of subject rather than subject's spouse-->}}<br />
| children = {{hlist|[[Michael Attenborough|Michael]]|[[Jane Attenborough|Jane]]|[[Charlotte Attenborough|Charlotte]]}}<br />
| father = [[Frederick Attenborough]]<br />
| mother = {{#ifexist:Mary Attenborough|Mary Clegg}}<br />
| relatives = {{plainlist|<br />
* [[David Attenborough]] (brother)<br />
* [[John Attenborough]] (brother)<br />
* [[Gerald Sim]] (brother-in-law)<br />
* [[Tom Attenborough]] (grandson)<br />
* [[Will Attenborough]] (grandson)<br />
}}<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|filmmaker|entrepreneur}}<br />
| party = [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]<br />
| module = {{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes<br />
| office = [[Member of the House of Lords]]<br />
| status = [[Lords Temporal|Lord Temporal]]<br />
| term_start = 30 July 1993<br />
| term_end = 24 August 2014<br />
| term_label = [[Life peer]]age}}<br />
| module2 = {{Infobox military person |embed=yes<br />
| allegiance = United Kingdom<br />
| branch = [[Royal Air Force]]<br />
| serviceyears = 1940–1945<br />
| unit = [[Royal Air Force Film Production Unit|Film Production Unit]]<br />
| rank = [[Sergeant]]<br />
| battles = [[Second World War]]}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Richard Samuel Attenborough, Baron Attenborough''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|CBE|FRSA}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|t|ən|b|ər|ə}}; 29 August 1923{{spaced ndash}}24 August 2014) was an English actor, filmmaker, and entrepreneur. He was the president of the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] (RADA) and the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] (BAFTA), as well as the life president of [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea FC]]. He joined the [[Royal Air Force]] during the [[Second World War]] and served in the film unit, going on several bombing raids over Europe and filming the action from the rear gunner's position. He was the older brother of broadcaster Sir [[David Attenborough]] and motor executive [[John Attenborough]]. He was married to actress [[Sheila Sim]] from 1945 until his death.<br />
<br />
As an actor, he is best remembered for his film roles in ''[[Brighton Rock (1948 film)|Brighton Rock]]'' (1948), ''[[I'm All Right Jack]]'' (1959), ''[[The Great Escape (film)|The Great Escape]]'' (1963), ''[[The Sand Pebbles (film)|The Sand Pebbles]]'' (1966), ''[[Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)|Doctor Dolittle]]'' (1967), ''[[10 Rillington Place]]'' (1971), ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'' (1993), and ''[[Miracle on 34th Street (1994 film)|Miracle on 34th Street]]'' (1994). In 1952 he appeared on the [[West End theatre|West End stage]], originating the role of Detective Sergeant Trotter in [[Agatha Christie]]'s ''[[The Mousetrap]]'' which has since become the world's longest-running play.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Mousetrap at 60: why is this the world's longest-running play? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2012/nov/20/mousetrap-60-years-agatha-christie |access-date=20 July 2022 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><br />
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For his directorial debut, 1969's ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]'', Attenborough was nominated for the [[BAFTA Award for Best Direction]], and he was nominated for his films ''[[Young Winston]]'', ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'', and ''[[Cry Freedom]]''. He won two [[Academy Awards]] for ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' in 1983: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]]. The [[British Film Institute|BFI]] ranked ''Gandhi'' the [[BFI Top 100 British films|34th greatest British film of the 20th century]]. Attenborough also won four [[British Academy Film Awards|BAFTA Awards]], four [[Golden Globe Awards]], and the 1983 [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement.<br />
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==Early life==<br />
Attenborough was born on 29 August 1923<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1398450/Richard-Attenborough|title=Richard Attenborough|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|Encyclopædia Britannica]]|date=9 November 2013|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> in [[Cambridge]], the eldest of three sons of Mary Attenborough (née Clegg), a founding member of the [[Marriage Guidance Council]], and [[Frederick Attenborough|Frederick Levi Attenborough]], a scholar and academic administrator who was a fellow at [[Emmanuel College, Cambridge]], and wrote a standard text on [[Anglo-Saxon law]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/38/Richard-Attenborough.html|title=Richard Attenborough profile at|publisher=Filmreference.com|access-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.movies.yahoo.com/person/richard-attenborough/biography.html|title=Richard Attenborough biography|publisher=Yahoo!|access-date=8 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508224805/https://uk.movies.yahoo.com/person/richard-attenborough/biography.html|archive-date=8 May 2014}}</ref> Attenborough was educated at [[Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys]] in [[Leicester]] and studied at [[RADA]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Attenborough, Baron cr 1993 (Life Peer), of Richmond upon Thames, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, (Richard Samuel Attenborough) (29 Aug. 1923–24 Aug. 2014)|url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-5972|access-date=2021-08-29|website=WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO|year=2007|language=en|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U5972|isbn=978-0-19-954089-1}}</ref><br />
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In September 1939, while Frederick Attenborough was Principal of [[University College, Leicester]] (1932–1951), the Attenboroughs took in two German [[Kindertransport|Jewish refugee]] girls, Helga and Irene Bejach (aged 9 and 11 respectively), who lived with them in College House and were adopted by the family after the war when it was discovered that their parents had been killed.<ref>{{cite news|author= Elgott, Jessica |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/the-children-britain-took-to-its-heart-1.8535?highlight=attenborough |title=The children Britain took to its heart |work=[[The Jewish Chronicle]]|date=2 April 2009 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> The sisters moved to the United States in the 1950s and lived with an uncle, where they married and took American citizenship; Irene died in 1992 and Helga in 2005.<ref>''Entirely Up To You, Darling'' by Diana Hawkins & Richard Attenborough; pp. 29–30; paperback; Arrow Books; published 2009; {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}</ref><br />
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During the Second World War, Attenborough served in the [[Royal Air Force]]. After initial pilot training he was seconded to the newly formed [[Royal Air Force Film Production Unit]] at [[Pinewood Studios]], under the command of Flight Lieutenant [[John Boulting]] (whose brother [[Peter Cotes]] later directed Attenborough in the play ''[[The Mousetrap]]'') where he appeared with [[Edward G. Robinson]] in the propaganda film ''[[Journey Together]]'' (1945). He then volunteered to fly with the Film Unit and after further training, where he sustained permanent ear damage, qualified as a sergeant, flying on several missions over Europe filming from the rear gunner's position to record the outcome of [[RAF Bomber Command]] sorties.<ref>''Entirely Up To You, Darling'' by Diana Hawkins & Richard Attenborough; pp. 88–95; paperback; Arrow Books; published 2009; {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}</ref><br />
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==Acting career==<br />
Attenborough's acting career started on stage and he appeared in shows at Leicester's [[Little Theatre (Leicester)|Little Theatre]], Dover Street, prior to his going to [[RADA]], where he remained Patron until his death. Attenborough's first major credited role was provided in [[Brian Desmond Hurst]]'s ''[[The Hundred Pound Window]]'' (1944) playing Tommy Draper who helps rescue his accountant father who has taken a wrong turn in life. Attenborough's film career had begun in 1942, however, in an uncredited role as a sailor deserting his post under fire in the [[Noël Coward]]/[[David Lean]] production ''[[In Which We Serve]]'' (his name and character were omitted from the original release-print credits), a role that helped type-cast him for many years as a [[spiv]] in films like ''[[London Belongs to Me]]'' (1948), ''[[Morning Departure]]'' (1950) and his breakthrough role as [[Pinkie Brown]] in [[John Boulting]]'s film adaptation of [[Graham Greene]]'s novel ''[[Brighton Rock (1947 film)|Brighton Rock]]'' (1947), a role that he had previously played to great acclaim at the [[Garrick Theatre]] in 1943. He played the lead at age 22 as an RAF cadet pilot in ''[[Journey Together]]'' (1945), in which top-billed [[Edward G. Robinson]] played his instructor. <br />
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In 1949, exhibitors voted him the sixth most popular British actor at the box office.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2759831 |title=Bob Hope Takes Lead from Bing in Popularity. |newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]] (ACT: 1926–1954) |location=ACT |date=31 December 1949 |access-date=27 April 2012 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><br />
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Early in his stage career, Attenborough starred in the [[West End theatre|West End]] production of [[Agatha Christie]]'s ''[[The Mousetrap]]'', which went on to become the world's longest running stage production. Both he and his wife were among the original cast members of the production, which opened in 1952 at the [[Ambassadors Theatre (London)|Ambassadors Theatre]], moving to [[St Martin's Theatre]] in 1974; the production ran continuously for nearly seven decades, until it was shut down by the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic]] in 2020. The Attenboroughs took a 10 per cent profit-participation in the production, which was paid for out of their combined weekly salary; Attenborough later wrote in his autobiography, "It proved to be the wisest business decision I've ever made... but foolishly I sold some of my share to open a short-lived Mayfair restaurant called 'The Little Elephant' and later still, disposed of the remainder in order to keep ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' afloat."<ref>''Entirely Up To You, Darling'' by Diana Hawkins & Richard Attenborough; page 180; paperback; Arrow Books; published 2009; {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of the 1950s Attenborough featured on radio on the [[BBC Light Programme]] introducing records.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/656f9afff7134c55a271f709472f2248|title=Richard Attenborough's RECORD RENDEZVOUS|journal=Radio Times|date=1 April 1950|issue=1380|pages=41|via=BBC Genome}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Richard Attenborough - 1965.jpg|thumb|upright|in ''Flight of the Phoenix'' (1965)]]<br />
Attenborough worked prolifically in British films for the next 30 years, including in the 1950s, appearing in several successful comedies for [[Boulting brothers|John and Roy Boulting]], such as ''[[Private's Progress]]'' (1956) and ''[[I'm All Right Jack]]'' (1959).<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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In 1963, he appeared alongside [[Steve McQueen]] and [[James Garner]] in ''[[The Great Escape (film)|The Great Escape]]'' as RAF Squadron Leader Roger Bartlett ("Big X"), the head of the escape committee, based on the real-life exploits of [[Roger Bushell]]. It was his first appearance in a major Hollywood film blockbuster and his most successful film thus far.<ref name="imdb" /> During the 1960s, he expanded his range of character roles in films such as ''[[Séance on a Wet Afternoon]]'' (1964) and ''[[Guns at Batasi]]'' (1964), for which he won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor]] for his portrayal of [[Regimental Sergeant Major]] Lauderdale. In 1965 he played Lew Moran opposite [[James Stewart]] in ''[[The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film)|The Flight of the Phoenix]]''. In 1967 and 1968, he won back-to-back [[Golden Globe Awards]] in the category of [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actor]], the first time for ''[[The Sand Pebbles (film)|The Sand Pebbles]]'', again co-starring Steve McQueen, and the second time for ''[[Doctor Dolittle (film)|Doctor Dolittle]]'' starring [[Rex Harrison]].<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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His portrayal of the [[serial killer]] [[John Christie (murderer)|John Christie]] in ''[[10 Rillington Place]]'' (1971) garnered excellent reviews. In 1977, he played the ruthless [[Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet|General Outram]], again to great acclaim, in the Indian director [[Satyajit Ray]]'s period piece ''[[Shatranj Ke Khilari|The Chess Players]]''.<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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He took no acting roles following his appearance in [[Otto Preminger]]'s version of ''[[The Human Factor (1979 film)|The Human Factor]]'' (1979) until his appearance as John Hammond in [[Steven Spielberg]]'s ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'' (1993) and the film's sequel, ''[[The Lost World: Jurassic Park]]'' (1997). He starred in the remake of ''[[Miracle on 34th Street (1994 film)|Miracle on 34th Street]]'' (1994) as [[Santa Claus|Kris Kringle]]. Later he made occasional appearances in supporting roles, including as [[William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley|Sir William Cecil]] in the historical drama ''[[Elizabeth (film)|Elizabeth]]'' (1998), Jacob in ''[[Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (film)|Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat]]'' and as "The Narrator" in the [[Puckoon#Film|film adaptation]] of [[Spike Milligan]]'s comedy book ''[[Puckoon]]'' (2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2002/jul/23/artsfeatures |location=London, UK |work=The Guardian |first=Bob |last=Flynn |title=Arts: Filming Spike Milligan's Puckoon |date=2 August 2002}}</ref><br />
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He made his only appearance in a film adaptation of [[Shakespeare]] when he played the English ambassador who announces that [[Rosencrantz and Guildenstern]] are dead at the end of [[Kenneth Branagh]]'s ''[[Hamlet (1996 film)|Hamlet]]'' (1996).<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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==Producer and director==<br />
In the late 1950s, Attenborough formed a production company, Beaver Films, with [[Bryan Forbes]] and began to build a profile as a producer on projects including ''[[The League of Gentlemen (film)|The League of Gentlemen]]'' (1959), ''[[The Angry Silence]]'' (1960) and ''[[Whistle Down the Wind (film)|Whistle Down the Wind]]'' (1961), appearing in the cast of the first two films.<ref name="imdb" /> His performance in ''The Angry Silence'' earned him his first nomination for a BAFTA. ''Séance on a Wet Afternoon'' won him his first BAFTA award.<br />
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His feature film directorial debut was the all-star screen version of the hit musical ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]'' (1969), after which his acting appearances became sporadic as he concentrated more on directing and producing. He later directed two epic period films: ''[[Young Winston]]'' (1972), based on the early life of [[Winston Churchill]], and ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' (1977), an all-star account of Second World War [[Operation Market Garden]].<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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He won the 1982 [[Academy Award for Best Director]] for his historical epic ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'', and as the film's producer, the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]; the same film garnered two [[Golden Globes]], this time for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]] and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Film]], in 1983. He had been attempting to get the project made for 18 years.<ref name="imdb" /> He directed [[A Chorus Line (film)|the screen version]] of the musical ''[[A Chorus Line]]'' (1985) and the [[Internal resistance to apartheid|anti-apartheid]] drama ''[[Cry Freedom]]'' (1987). He was nominated for a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director]] for both films.<ref name="imdb">{{IMDb name|0000277}}</ref> The success of the latter film prompted Attenborough to sign a contract with [[Universal Pictures]] to produce and direct films over the next five years, set to produce three films for the studio, and timetable calls would be set up by January and the first production was slated for release by 1989.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1987-11-11 |title=U Extends Contract With Attenborough As 'Freedom' Bows |pages=4, 23 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref><br />
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His later films as director and producer include ''[[Chaplin (film)|Chaplin]]'' (1992) starring [[Robert Downey Jr.]], as [[Charlie Chaplin]] and ''[[Shadowlands (1993 film)|Shadowlands]]'' (1993), based on the relationship between [[C. S. Lewis]] and [[Joy Davidman|Joy Gresham]] ([[C. S. Lewis]] was portrayed by [[Anthony Hopkins]], who had appeared in four previous films for Attenborough: ''Young Winston'', ''A Bridge Too Far'', ''[[Magic (1978 film)|Magic]]'' and ''Chaplin'').<br />
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Between 2006 and 2007, he spent time in [[Belfast]], working on his last film as director and producer, ''[[Closing the Ring]]'', a love story set in Belfast during the Second World War, and starring [[Shirley MacLaine]], [[Christopher Plummer]] and [[Pete Postlethwaite]].<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i66abf6954df1d43ff4b99604a6253a3c Works nabs U.K. rights to ''Closing The Ring''] from ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]''</ref><br />
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Despite maintaining an acting career alongside his directorial roles, Attenborough never directed himself (save for an uncredited cameo appearance in ''A Bridge Too Far'').<ref name="IMDb_cast">{{cite web |title=A Bridge Too Far - Full Cast & Crew |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0075784/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast |publisher=IMDb |year=1977}}</ref><br />
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==Later projects==<br />
[[File:Richard Attenborough 1975.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Attenborough in 1975]]<br />
After 33 years of dedicated service as President of the [[Muscular Dystrophy]] campaign, Attenborough became the charity's Honorary Life President in 2004. In 2012, the charity, which leads the fight against muscle-wasting conditions in the UK, established the Richard Attenborough Fellowship Fund to honour his lifelong commitment to the charity, and to ensure the future of clinical research and training at leading UK neuromuscular centres.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.muscular-dystrophy.org/waystodonate/fund_a_scientist/richard_attenborough_fellowship_fund|title=Richard Attenborough Fellowship Fund|publisher=Muscular-dystrophy.org|access-date=24 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105051506/http://www.muscular-dystrophy.org/waystodonate/fund_a_scientist/richard_attenborough_fellowship_fund|archive-date=5 November 2014}}</ref><br />
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Attenborough was also the patron of the [[United World Colleges]] movement, whereby he contributed to the colleges that are part of the organisation. He was a frequent visitor to the [[Waterford Kamhlaba]] [[United World Colleges|United World College]] of Southern Africa (UWCSA). With his wife, they founded the Richard and Sheila Attenborough Visual Arts Centre. He founded the Jane Holland Creative Centre for Learning at Waterford Kamhlaba in [[Swaziland]] in memory of his daughter who died in the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake|tsunami on 26 December 2004]].<ref name="bio"/><br />
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He was a longtime advocate of education that does not judge upon colour, race, creed or religion. His attachment to Waterford was his passion for non-racial education, which were the grounds on which Waterford Kamhlaba was founded. Waterford was one of his inspirations for directing the film ''[[Cry Freedom]]'', based on the life of [[Steve Biko]].<ref name="bio">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000277/bio|title=Richard Attenborough. Biography|publisher=IMDb|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0092804/trivia?ref_=tt_ql_2|title=Cry Freedom (1987). Trivia|publisher=IMDb|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=August 2014}}<br />
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He founded [[Attenborough Arts Centre|The Richard Attenborough Arts Centre]] on the Leicester University campus in 1997, specifically designed to provide access for the disabled, in particular as practitioners.<ref name="Le">{{cite web |url=https://www2.le.ac.uk/hosted/attenborougharts/about|title=Our Vision|website=The University of Leicester. Attenborough Arts Centre|date=8 June 2018|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://disabilityarts.online/directory/embrace-arts/|title=Attenborough Arts Centre|website=Disability Arts Online/|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}<br />
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He was elected to the post of [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] of the [[University of Sussex]] on 20 March 1998, replacing [[Charles Gordon-Lennox, 10th Duke of Richmond|The Duke of Richmond and Gordon]]. He stood down as Chancellor of the university following graduation in July 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theargus.co.uk/search/2235631.Lord_Attenborough_steps_down_as_Sussex_University_chancellor_|title=Lord Attenborough steps down as Sussex University chancellor|first=Richard|last=Gurner|work=The Argus|location=Brighton, UK|access-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><br />
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A lifelong supporter of [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea Football Club]], Attenborough served as a director of the club from 1969 to 1982 and between 1993 and 2008 held the honorary position of Life Vice President. On 30 November 2008 he was honoured with the title of Life President at the club's stadium, [[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|Stamford Bridge]].<br />
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He was also head of the consortium [[Dragon International Film Studios]], which was constructing a film and television studio complex in [[Llanilid]], Wales, nicknamed "Valleywood". In March 2008, the project was placed into administration with debts of £15&nbsp;million and was considered for sale of the assets in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-12632138|work=BBC News|title=Valleywood film studios faces possible sell-off|date=3 March 2011}}</ref> A mooted long-term lease to [[Fox 21 Television Studios|Fox 21]] fell through in 2015, though the facilities continue to be used for filmmaking.<ref>Daniels, Nia. [http://www.theknowledgeonline.com/the-knowledge-bulletin/post/2016/07/13/william-shakespeare-heads-to-wales William Shakespeare heads to Wales] at theknowledgeonline.com, 13 July 2016.</ref><br />
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He had a lifelong ambition to make a film about his hero the political theorist and revolutionary [[Thomas Paine]], whom he called "one of the finest men that ever lived". He said in an interview in 2006 that "I could understand him. He wrote in simple English. I found all his aspirations – the rights of women, the health service, universal education... Everything you can think of that we want is in ''[[Rights of Man]]'' or ''[[The Age of Reason]]'' or ''[[Common Sense (pamphlet)|Common Sense]]''."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/sep/06/tsunami2004.worldcinema|title=Richard Attenborough on laughter, levity and the loss of his daughter|work=The Guardian|location=London, UK|first=Simon|last=Hattenstone|date=6 September 2008|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2009/09/pain-s18.html|title=A New World: A Life of Thomas Paine by Trevor Griffiths|work=World Socialist Website|author=Ann Talbot|date=18 September 2009|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.patheos.com/blogs/filmchat/2008/06/flashback-sir-richard-attenborough-the-grey-owl-interview.html|title=Flashback: Sir Richard Attenborough, the Grey Owl interview|work=Patheos|author=Peter T. Chattaway|date=11 June 2008|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> He could not secure the funding to do so.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/norfolk/3133896.stm|title=Reformer may be captured on film|work=BBC News|date=23 September 2003|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> The website "A Gift for Dickie" was launched by two filmmakers from Luton in June 2008 with the aim of raising £40m in 400 days to help him make the film, but the target was not met and the money that had been raised was refunded.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bedfordtoday.co.uk/news/local/dickie-attenborough-gets-help-from-luton-film-makers-1-1029819|title=Dickie Attenborough gets help from Luton film makers|work=Bedford Today|date=10 June 2008|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.directorsnotes.com/2008/05/05/a-gift-for-dickie|title=A Gift for Dickie|work=Directors Notes|date=5 May 2008|access-date=24 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114234/http://www.directorsnotes.com/2008/05/05/a-gift-for-dickie/|archive-date=26 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
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==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Sir Richard Attenborough.jpg|thumb|300px|Lord Attenborough during his term as Chancellor of the [[University of Sussex]], February 2006]]<br />
Attenborough's father was the principal of [[University of Leicester|University College, Leicester]], now the city's university. This resulted in a long association with the university, with Attenborough becoming a patron. The university's Embrace Arts at the RA centre,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.embracearts.co.uk|title=Index – University of Leicester|publisher=Embracearts.co.uk|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> which opened in 1997 is named in his honour. He had two younger brothers: naturalist and broadcaster [[David Attenborough|David]] and [[car dealership|motor trade]] executive [[John Attenborough|John]].<br />
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Attenborough married actress [[Sheila Sim]] in [[Kensington]] on 22 January 1945.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=QmqnRs8Yh2bf6pa71nmD1g&scan=1|title=Index entry|access-date=29 December 2017|work=FreeBMD|publisher=ONS}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Lady Attenborough – obituary |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/12112947/Lady-Attenborough-obituary.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/12112947/Lady-Attenborough-obituary.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London, UK |date=21 January 2016 |access-date=29 December 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> From 1949 until October 2012, they lived in [[Old Friars]] on [[Richmond Green]] in London.<br />
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In the 1940s, he was asked to 'improve his physical condition' for his role as Pinkie in ''Brighton Rock''. He trained with [[Chelsea Football Club]] for a fortnight, subsequently becoming good friends with those at the club. He went on to become a director during the 1970s, helping to prevent the club losing its [[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|home ground]] by holding onto his club shares and donating them, worth over £950,000, to Chelsea. In 2008, Attenborough was appointed [[Chelsea F.C.#Club personnel|Life President of Chelsea Football Club]].<ref>[http://www.chelseafc.com/news/latest-news/2014/08/lord-attenborough-1923-2014.html News: Chelsea Football Club], Chelsea F.C., August 2014.</ref><br />
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On 26 December 2004, the couple's elder daughter, [[Jane Attenborough|Jane Holland]] (30 September 1955 – [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|26 December 2004]]), along with her mother-in-law, Audrey Holland, and Attenborough's 15-year-old granddaughter, Lucy, were killed when a tsunami caused by the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|Indian Ocean earthquake]] struck [[Khao Lak]], Thailand, where they were on holiday.<ref name=Telg1479972>{{cite news|last=Born|first=Matt|title=Triple tragedy hits Attenborough family|url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/1479972/Triple-tragedy-hits-Attenborough-family.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/1479972/Triple-tragedy-hits-Attenborough-family.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=13 June 2016|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=29 December 2004|location=London, UK}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4145219.stm|title=Attenborough family's fatal tsunami decision|work=[[BBC News]]|date=18 December 2005|access-date=9 November 2016}}</ref><ref name=GuardJaneObit>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/08/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries|title=Obituary: Jane Attenborough|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=8 April 2005|access-date=9 November 2016}}</ref><br />
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A service was held on 8 March 2005 and Attenborough read a lesson at the national memorial service on 11 May 2005. His grandson Samuel Holland, who survived the tsunami uninjured, and granddaughter Alice Holland, who suffered severe leg injuries, also read in the service.<ref name=GuardJaneObit/> A commemorative plaque was placed in the floor of St Mary Magdalene's parish church in [[Richmond, London|Richmond]]. Attenborough later described the Boxing Day of 2004 as "the worst day of my life". Attenborough had two other children, [[Michael Attenborough|Michael]] (born 13 February 1950) and [[Charlotte Attenborough|Charlotte]] (born 29 June 1959). Michael is a theatre director formerly the Deputy Artistic Director of the RSC and [[artistic director]] of the [[Almeida Theatre]] in London and has been married to actress Karen Lewis since 1984; they have two sons, Tom and [[Will Attenborough|Will]]. Charlotte, an actress, married Graham Sinclair in 1993 and has two children.<ref name=Telg1479972/><br />
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He publicly endorsed the Labour Party in the 2005 General Election, despite his opposition to the [[Iraq War]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/apr/26/election2005.labour Richard Attenborough endorses Labour in 2005 General Election], ''The Guardian'', 26 April 2005.</ref><br />
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Attenborough collected [[Picasso]] [[ceramic art|ceramics]] from the 1950s. More than 100 items went on display at the [[New Walk Museum]] and Art Gallery in Leicester in 2007, in an exhibition dedicated to family members lost in the tsunami.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/article1808736.ece|title=Richard Attenborough's Picasso ceramics|work=The Times|access-date=3 September 2011|location=London, UK|first=Greg|last=Hurst}}</ref><br />
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In 2008, he published an informal autobiography entitled ''Entirely Up to You, Darling'' in association with his colleague Diana Hawkins.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hawkins|first=Diana|title=Entirely Up to You, Darling|publisher=Arrow|year=2009|isbn=978-0099503040|location=London|pages=336}}</ref><br />
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===Illness and death===<br />
[[File:St Mary Magdalene's, Richmond, Richard Attenborough memorial.jpg|thumb|upright|Markers for the graves of Richard Attenborough, [[Sheila Sim]], their daughter [[Jane Attenborough|Jane Holland]] and their granddaughter, Lucy, at [[St Mary Magdalene, Richmond]].]]<br />
In August 2008, Attenborough entered hospital with heart problems and was fitted with a [[Artificial cardiac pacemaker|pacemaker]]. In December 2008, he suffered a fall at his home after a stroke<ref name=Telg9954199/> and was admitted to [[St George's Hospital]], [[Tooting]], South West London. In November 2009, Attenborough, in what he called a "house clearance" sale, sold part of his extensive art collection, which included works by [[L. S. Lowry]], [[Christopher R. W. Nevinson]] and [[Graham Sutherland]], generating £4.6&nbsp;million at [[Sotheby's]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Adams|first=Stephen|title=Lord Attenborough's picture sale makes £4.6m at Sotheby's|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/6546233/Lord-Attenboroughs-picture-sale-makes-4.6m-at-Sothebys.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/6546233/Lord-Attenboroughs-picture-sale-makes-4.6m-at-Sothebys.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London, UK|date=11 November 2009}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2011, he sold his [[Rhubodach]] estate on the Scottish [[Isle of Bute]] for £1.48&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite news|last=Johnson|first=Simon|title=Richard Attenborough seeks compensation after he is forced to sell Scottish estate at knock-down price|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/8276933/Richard-Attenborough-seeks-compensation-after-he-is-forced-to-sell-Scottish-estate-at-knock-down-price.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/8276933/Richard-Attenborough-seeks-compensation-after-he-is-forced-to-sell-Scottish-estate-at-knock-down-price.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London, UK|date=23 January 2011|access-date=25 August 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In May 2011, David Attenborough said his brother had been confined to a wheelchair since his stroke in 2008,<ref name=Telg9954199 /> but was still capable of holding a conversation. He added that "he won't be making any more films."<ref name=Telg8507673>{{cite news|last=Walker|first=Tim|title=Lord Attenborough takes a final bow|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/8507673/Lord-Attenborough-takes-a-final-bow.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/8507673/Lord-Attenborough-takes-a-final-bow.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=5 June 2011|date=12 May 2011|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London, UK}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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In June 2012, shortly before her 90th birthday, [[Sheila Sim]] entered the professional actors' retirement home [[Denville Hall]], in [[Northwood, London|Northwood]], London, for which she and Attenborough had helped raise funds. In October 2012, it was announced that Attenborough was putting the family home, Old Friars, with its attached offices, Beaver Lodge, which came complete with a sound-proofed cinema in the garden, on the market for £11.5&nbsp;million. His brother David stated: "He and his wife both loved the house, but they now need full-time care.<ref name=Telg9430222>{{cite news|title=Lord Attenborough's family rally round as Sheila Sim is hit by illness|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9430222/Lord-Attenboroughs-family-rally-round-as-Sheila-Sim-is-hit-by-illness.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9430222/Lord-Attenboroughs-family-rally-round-as-Sheila-Sim-is-hit-by-illness.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=27 July 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref> It simply isn't practical to keep the house on any more."<ref>Walker, Tim. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/starsandstories/9639303/Lord-Attenborough-gives-up-an-11.5-million-love-affair.html "Lord Attenborough gives up an £11.5 million love affair"], ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (London), 29 October 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2012.</ref> In December 2012, in light of his deteriorating health, Attenborough moved into the same nursing home in London to be with his wife, as confirmed by their son Michael.<ref name=Telg9954199>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9954199/Film-director-Richard-Attenborough-moved-to-care-home.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/9954199/Film-director-Richard-Attenborough-moved-to-care-home.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Film director Richard Attenborough moved to care home|first=Melanie|last=Hall|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London, UK|date=26 March 2013|access-date=21 April 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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Attenborough died at Denville Hall, on August 24th 2014, at the age of 90.<ref name="bbc-death">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-28923074|title=Actor Richard Attenborough dies at 90|date=24 August 2014|access-date=24 August 2014|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="guardian-death">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/aug/24/richard-attenborough-died-aged-90|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London, UK|date=24 August 2014|first=Chris|last=Johnston|title=Richard Attenborough dies aged 90|access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> He requested that his ashes be interred in a vault at [[St Mary Magdalene, Richmond|St Mary Magdalene church]] in [[Richmond, London|Richmond]] beside those of his daughter Jane Holland and his granddaughter, Lucy, both of whom had died in the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004 Boxing Day tsunami]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/11910577/Richard-Attenboroughs-last-request-place-my-ashes-with-my-daughter-and-granddaughter.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/11910577/Richard-Attenboroughs-last-request-place-my-ashes-with-my-daughter-and-granddaughter.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Richard Attenborough's last request: place my ashes with my daughter and granddaughter|date=4 October 2015|work=The Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/hollywood/news/Richard-Attenboroughs-ashes-to-be-interred-with-daughter/articleshow/49240702.cms|title=Richard Attenborough's ashes to be interred with daughter|website=The Times of India}}</ref> He was survived by his wife of 69 years, their oldest and youngest children, six grandchildren, two great-grandchildren, and his younger brother [[David Attenborough|David]]. His widow, actress Sheila Sim, died on 19 January 2016, aged 93.<ref>{{cite news |last= Dagan |first=Carmel |date=20 January 2016 |title=Sheila Sims [sic], Actress Who Was Richard Attenborough's Widow, Dies at 93 |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/sheila-sims-dead-richard-attenborough-wife-1201684245/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=8 July 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Honors==<br />
In the [[1967 Birthday Honours]], he was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE).<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=44326 |date=10 June 1967|page=6278 |supp=y}}</ref> He was made a [[Knight Bachelor]] in the [[1976 New Year Honours]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=46777|date=1 January 1976|page=1 |supp=y}}</ref> having the honour conferred on February 10th 1976<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=46828|date=17 February 1976|page=2435}}</ref> and on July 30th, 1993 he was created a [[life peer]] as '''Baron Attenborough''', of [[Richmond, London|Richmond upon Thames]] in the [[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.burkes-peerage.net/familyhomepage.aspx?FID=0&FN=ATTENBOROUGH|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811022430/http://www.burkespeerage.com/familyhomepage.aspx?FID=0&FN=ATTENBOROUGH|archive-date=11 August 2011|title=Burke's Peerage – Preview Family Record|publisher=Burkes-peerage.net|access-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="Gazette">{{London Gazette|issue=53397|date=10 August 1993|page=13291 }}</ref><br />
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Although the appointment by [[John Major]] was 'non-political' (it was granted for services to the cinema) and he could have been a [[crossbencher]], Attenborough chose to take the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] whip and so sat on the Labour benches. In 1992 he had been offered a peerage by [[Neil Kinnock]], then leader of the Labour Party, but refused it as he felt unable to commit himself to the time necessary "to do what was required of him in the Upper Chamber, as he always put film-making first".<ref>''Entirely Up To You, Darling'' by Diana Hawkins & Richard Attenborough; pp 245–50; Arrow Books; published 2009; {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}</ref><br />
<br />
Attenborough was the subject of ''[[This Is Your Life (UK TV series)|This Is Your Life]]'' in December 1962 when he was surprised by [[Eamonn Andrews]] at the [[Savoy Hotel]], during a dinner held to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the [[Agatha Christie]] play ''[[The Mousetrap]]'', in which he had been an original cast member.<ref name="imdb" /><br />
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In 1983, Attenborough was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]], India's third highest civilian award,<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |year=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> and the Martin Luther King Jr. Nonviolence Peace Prize by the [[King Center for Nonviolent Social Change|Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thekingcenter.org/the-king-holiday/commemorative-service|title=Commemorative Services: Martin Luther King Jr.|publisher=Thekingcenter.org |access-date=3 September 2011}}</ref> He was also awarded France's most distinguished awards, the [[Legion of Honour]] and the [[Order of Arts and Letters]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/9e5b3252-2bd4-11e4-b052-00144feabdc0|title=Richard Attenborough – face of British cinema for half a century|newspaper=Financial Times |date=24 August 2014}}</ref> and the [[Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo|Order of the Companions of O.R. Tambo]] by the South African government 'for his contribution to the struggle against apartheid'.<br />
<br />
In 1992, the [[Hamburg]]-based [[Alfred Toepfer Stiftung F.V.S.|Alfred Toepfer Foundation]] awarded Attenborough its annual [[Shakespeare Prize]] in recognition of his life's work. The following year he was appointed a Fellow of [[King's College London]].<ref>[http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/history/fellows.aspx Fellows: King's College London], King's College London. Retrieved 2 June 2016.</ref><br />
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On July 13th 2006, Attenborough, along with his brother [[David Attenborough|David]], were awarded the titles of [[Honorary title (academic)|Distinguished Honorary Fellows]] of the [[University of Leicester]] "in recognition of a record of continuing distinguished service to the university".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/ebulletin/news/press-releases/2000-2009/2006/06/nparticle.2006-06-09.8313843344|title=Honorary Degrees and Distinguished Honorary Fellowships Announced by University of Leicester|publisher=University of Leicester|date=9 June 2006|access-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><br />
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On November 20th 2008, Attenborough was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Drama from the [[Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama]] (RSAMD) in [[Glasgow]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7710935.stm |title=Actors honoured by arts academy |work=BBC News |date=5 November 2008 |access-date=8 May 2014}}</ref><br />
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Attenborough was an Honorary Fellow of [[Bangor University]] for his contributions to film making.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bangor.ac.uk/about/alumni/Lord_Attenborough.php.en|title=Lord Attenborough, Honorary Fellow, Bangor University|publisher=Bangor.ac.uk|access-date=5 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607073928/http://www.bangor.ac.uk/about/alumni/Lord_Attenborough.php.en|archive-date=7 June 2011}}</ref><br />
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[[Pinewood Studios]] paid tribute to his body of work by naming a purpose-built {{convert|30000|sqft|adj=on}} [[sound stage]] after him. In his absence because of illness, [[David Puttnam|Lord Puttnam]] and Pinewood chairman [[Michael Grade|Lord Grade]] officially unveiled the stage on April 23rd 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinewoodgroup.com/our-studios/uk/news/richard-attenborough-stage-opens-business-pinewood-studios|title=The Richard Attenborough Stage opens for business at Pinewood Studios|publisher=pinewoodgroup.com|date=23 April 2012|access-date=23 April 2012}}</ref><br />
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The Arts for India charity committee honoured Attenborough posthumously on October 19th 2016 at an event hosted at the home of BAFTA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.journalism.net.in/arts-india-honor-sir-richard-attenborough-posthumously/|title=Arts for India to honour Sir Richard Attenborough posthumously|date=16 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
=== Film ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! | Year !! Title !! Producer !! Director !! Actor !! Role !! Notes<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1942 || align=left | ''[[In Which We Serve]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | A young stoker ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1943 || align=left | ''[[Schweik's New Adventures]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Railway worker ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1944 || align=left | ''[[The Hundred Pound Window]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Tommy Draper ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1945 || align=left | ''[[Journey Together]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | David Wilton ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1946 || align=left | ''[[A Matter of Life and Death (film)|A Matter of Life and Death]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | An English pilot ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1946 || align=left | ''[[School for Secrets]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Jack Arnold ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1947 || align=left | ''[[The Man Within (film)|The Man Within]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Francis Andrews ||<br />
|- align=center ''[[The Number 23 (film)|The Number 23]]''<br />
| 1947 || align=left | ''[[Dancing with Crime]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Ted Peters ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1948 || align=left | ''[[Brighton Rock (1948 film)|Brighton Rock]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Pinkie Brown ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1948 || align=left | ''[[London Belongs to Me]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Percy Boon ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1948 || align=left | ''[[The Guinea Pig (film)|The Guinea Pig]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Jack Read ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1949 || align=left | ''[[The Lost People]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Jan ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1949 || align=left | ''[[Boys in Brown]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Jackie Knowles ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1950 || align=left | ''[[Morning Departure]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Stoker Snipe ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1951 || align=left | ''[[Hell Is Sold Out]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Pierre Bonnet ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1951 || align=left | ''[[The Magic Box]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Jack Carter ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1952 || align=left | ''[[Gift Horse (film)|Gift Horse]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Dripper Daniels ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1952 || align=left | ''[[Father's Doing Fine]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Dougall ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1954 || align=left | ''[[Eight O'Clock Walk]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Thomas "Tom" Leslie Manning ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1955 || align=left | ''[[The Ship That Died of Shame]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | George Hoskins ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1956 || align=left | ''[[Private's Progress]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Pvt. Percival Henry Cox ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1956 || align=left | ''[[The Baby and the Battleship]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Knocker White ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1957 || align=left | ''[[Brothers in Law (film)|Brothers in Law]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Henry Marshall ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1957 || align=left | ''[[The Scamp]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Stephen Leigh ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1958 || align=left | ''[[Dunkirk (1958 film)|Dunkirk]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | John Holden ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1958 || align=left | ''[[The Man Upstairs (1958 film)|The Man Upstairs]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Peter Watson ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1958 || align=left | ''[[Sea of Sand]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Brody ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1959 || align=left | ''[[Danger Within]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Capt. "Bunter" Phillips ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1959 || align=left | ''[[I'm All Right Jack]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Sidney De Vere Cox ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1959 || align=left | ''[[Jet Storm]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Ernest Tiller ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1959 || align=left | ''[[SOS Pacific]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Whitney Mullen ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1960 || align=left | ''[[The Angry Silence]]'' || {{yes}} || || {{yes}} || align=left | Tom Curtis ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1961 || align=left | ''[[Whistle Down the Wind (film)|Whistle Down the Wind]]'' || {{yes}} || || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1960 || align=left | ''[[The League of Gentlemen (film)|The League of Gentlemen]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Lexy ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1960 || align=left | ''Upgreen – And at 'Em '' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1962 || align=left | ''[[Only Two Can Play]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Gareth L. Probert ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1962 || align=left | ''[[The L-Shaped Room]]'' || {{yes}} || || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1962 || align=left | ''[[All Night Long (1962 film)|All Night Long]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Rod Hamilton ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1962 || align=left | ''[[The Dock Brief]]'' aka ''Trial and Error'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Herbert Fowle ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1963 || align=left | ''[[The Great Escape (film)|The Great Escape]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Sqn. Ldr. Roger Bartlett "Big X" ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1964 || align=left | ''[[The Third Secret (film)|The Third Secret]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Alfred Price-Gorham ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1964 || align=left | ''[[Séance on a Wet Afternoon]]'' || {{yes}} || || {{yes}} || align=left | Billy Savage ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1964 || align=left | ''[[Guns at Batasi]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Regimental Sgt. Major Lauderdale ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1965 || align=left | ''[[The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film)|The Flight of the Phoenix]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Lew Moran ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1966 || align=left | ''[[The Sand Pebbles (film)|The Sand Pebbles]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Frenchy Burgoyne ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1967 || align=left | ''[[Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)|Doctor Dolittle]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Albert Blossom ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1968 || align=left | ''[[Only When I Larf (film)|Only When I Larf]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Silas ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1968 || align=left | ''[[The Bliss of Mrs. Blossom]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Robert Blossom ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1969 || align=left | ''[[The Magic Christian (film)|The Magic Christian]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Oxford coach ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1969 || align=left | ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1970 || align=left | ''[[The Last Grenade]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Gen. Charles Whiteley ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1970 || align=left | ''[[Loot (1970 film)|Loot]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Inspector Truscott ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1970 || align=left | ''[[A Severed Head (film)|A Severed Head]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Palmer Anderson ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1971 || align=left | ''[[10 Rillington Place]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | [[John Christie (murderer)|John Christie]] ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1972 || align=left | ''Cup Glory'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Narrator ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1972 || align=left | ''[[Young Winston]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1974 || align=left | ''[[And Then There Were None (1974 film)|And Then There Were None]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Judge Arthur Cannon ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1975 || align=left | ''[[Brannigan (film)|Brannigan]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Cmdr. Sir Charles Swann ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1975 || align=left | ''[[Rosebud (1975 film)|Rosebud]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Edward Sloat ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1975 || align=left | ''[[Conduct Unbecoming (1975 film)|Conduct Unbecoming]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Maj. Lionel E. Roach ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1977 || align=left | ''[[Shatranj Ke Khilari]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | [[Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet|Lt. General Outram]] || Hindi Movie<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1977 || align=left | ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' || || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || align=left | Lunatic wearing glasses || Uncredited<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1978 || align=left | ''[[Magic (1978 film)|Magic]]'' || || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1979 || align=left | ''[[The Human Factor (1979 film)|The Human Factor]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Col. John Daintry ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1982 || align=left | ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1985 || align=left | ''[[A Chorus Line (film)|A Chorus Line]]'' || || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1987 || align=left | ''[[Cry Freedom]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1992 || align=left | ''[[Chaplin (film)|Chaplin]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1993 || align=left | ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | John Hammond ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1993 || align=left | ''[[Shadowlands (1993 film)|Shadowlands]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1994 || align=left | ''[[Miracle on 34th Street (1994 film)|Miracle on 34th Street]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | [[Santa Claus|Kris Kringle]] ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1996 || align=left | ''E=mc2'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | The Visitor ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1996 || align=left | ''[[Hamlet (1996 film)|Hamlet]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | English Ambassador to Denmark ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1996 || align=left | ''[[In Love and War (1996 film)|In Love and War]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1997 || align=left | ''[[The Lost World: Jurassic Park]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | John Hammond ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1998 || align=left | ''[[Elizabeth (film)|Elizabeth]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | [[William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley|Sir William Cecil]] ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1999 || align=left | ''[[Grey Owl (film)|Grey Owl]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 1999 || align=left | ''[[Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (film)|Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Jacob ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 2002 || align=left | ''[[Puckoon]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | Narrator || (final film role)<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 2007 || align=left | ''[[Closing the Ring]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || || ||<br />
|- align=center<br />
| 2015 || align=left | ''[[Jurassic World]]'' || || || {{yes}} || align=left | John Hammond || (posthumous appearance – archive audio only)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Video games===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Title<br />
! Voice role<br />
|-align=center<br />
| 1998 || align=left | ''[[Trespasser (video game)|Trespasser]]'' || align=left | John Hammond<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Portrayals==<br />
In early 1973, he was portrayed as "Dickie Attenborough" in the British Showbiz Awards sketch late in the third series of ''[[Monty Python's Flying Circus]]''. Attenborough is portrayed by [[Eric Idle]] as effusive and simpering. A portrayal similar to that seen in ''Monty Python'' can be seen in the early series of ''[[Spitting Image]]'', when Attenborough's caricature regularly appeared to thank others for an imaginary award. <br />
<br />
In 1985 he was played by [[Chris Barrie]] in ''[[The Lenny Henry Show]]'', in the final part of a serial pastiching ''[[A Passage to India (film)|A Passage to India]]'' and ''[[The Jewel in the Crown (TV series)|The Jewel in the Crown]]''. In response to the villain claiming "Gandhi won't win!", he appears in a suit covered in Academy Awards and declares "We've already won!"<br />
<br />
In 2012 Attenborough was portrayed by [[Simon Callow]] in the [[BBC Four]] biopic ''The Best Possible Taste'', about [[Kenny Everett]].<br />
<br />
[[Harris Dickinson]] plays Attenborough in the 2022 comedy murder mystery ''[[See How They Run (2022 film)|See How They Run]]''.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of oldest and youngest Academy Award winners and nominees#Best Director|List of oldest Best Director Academy Award winners]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category|Richard Attenborough}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|0000277}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|4262}}<br />
* [https://www.bafta.org/heritage/features/lord-attenborough-biography,442,BA.html Richard Attenborough Archive] on the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] (BAFTA) site<br />
* [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressrelease/media/media15.html University of Sussex] media release about Lord Attenborough's election as Chancellor, dated Friday, 20 March 1998<br />
* {{NPG name}}<br />
* {{Screenonline name|id=461983|name=Lord Attenborough}}<br />
* [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090104191600/bfi.org.uk/features/attenborough/ Richard Attenborough Stills & Posters Gallery from the British Film Institute]<br />
* [http://www.le.ac.uk/racentre/ Richard Attenborough Centre for Disability and the Arts]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130904002349/http://richardattenborough.co.uk/ Richard Attenborough in Leicester website]<br />
* {{UK Peer links | parliament = richard-attenborough/26829 | hansard = mr-richard-attenborough | hansardcurr = | guardian = | publicwhip = Lord_Attenborough | theywork = lord_attenborough | record = | bbc = 26829.stm | journalisted = }}<br />
* [http://www.virtual-history.com/movie/person/352/richard-attenborough Richard Attenborough] at Virtual History<br />
<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{S-media}}<br />
{{Succession box<br />
| before = –<br />
| title = [[National Film and Television School|NFTS]] Honorary Fellowship<br />
| years =<br />
| after = [[David Lean]], CBE<br />
}}<br />
{{Succession box<br />
| years = 2001–2010<br />
| title = President of the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]]<br />
| before = [[Anne, Princess Royal|The Princess Royal]]<br />
| after = [[Prince William, Duke of Cambridge|Prince William, The Duke of Cambridge]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Succession box|years = 2003–2014|title = President of the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]]|before = ''Unknown''|after = [[Kenneth Branagh|Sir Kenneth Branagh]]}}<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
<br />
{{Richard Attenborough}}<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
|title = Awards for Richard Attenborough<br />
|list =<br />
{{Academy Award Best Director}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Direction}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{British Film Institute Fellowship}}<br />
{{DirectorsGuildofAmericaAwardFeatureFilm}}<br />
{{Golden Globe Award for Best Director}}<br />
{{Golden Globe Award Best Supporting Actor Motion Picture}}<br />
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1980–89}}<br />
{{Silver Shell for Best Actor}}<br />
}}<br />
{{David Attenborough}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Attenborough, Richard}}<br />
[[Category:1923 births]]<br />
[[Category:2014 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English male actors]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Actors awarded knighthoods]]<br />
[[Category:Actors awarded British peerages]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]]<br />
[[Category:Attenborough family|Richard]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]<br />
[[Category:Best British Actor BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Directing Academy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Director BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Director Golden Globe winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Supporting Actor Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
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[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Directors Guild of America Award winners]]<br />
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[[Category:Fellows of St Catherine's College, Oxford]]<br />
[[Category:Filmmakers who won the Best Film BAFTA Award]]<br />
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[[Category:Life peers created by Elizabeth II]]<br />
[[Category:Labour Party (UK) life peers]]<br />
[[Category:Labour Party (UK) people]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Cambridgeshire]]<br />
[[Category:People associated with the University of Leicester]]<br />
[[Category:People educated at Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys]]<br />
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[[Category:Producers who won the Best Picture Academy Award]]<br />
[[Category:Chairmen of Channel 4]]<br />
[[Category:Military personnel from Cambridgeshire]]<br />
[[Category:Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Helen_Mirren&diff=1110615834Talk:Helen Mirren2022-09-16T13:31:22Z<p>SteveCrook: /* Helen Mirren should be listed as an actress (as most female actors are on wikipedia) not actor. */</p>
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== Helen Mirren should be listed as an actress (as most female actors are on wikipedia) not actor. ==<br />
<br />
Nearly all female actors on wikipedia are listed as actresses. Helen Mirren is listed is an actor. This should be changed both in the description and for her occupation.<br />
<br />
For example here are some of the most well known actresses (ACTRESSES, not ACTORS) on wikipedia:<br />
<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meryl_Streep - Meryl Streep - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn - Audrey Hepburn - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarlett_Johansson - Scarlett Johansson - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Lawrence - Jennifer Lawrence - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Watson - Emma Watson - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Winslet - Kate_Winslet - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cate_Blanchett - Cate Blanchett - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalie_Portman - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodie_Foster - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Connelly - Actress not Actor<br />
<br />
This is about consistency more than the term itself.<br />
<br />
:See [[WP:OTHERSTUFF]]. [[User:MarnetteD|MarnetteD]]&#124;[[User talk:MarnetteD|Talk]] 19:08, 6 May 2019 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:An actor is a person who acts, it's a gender neutral term. They can call themselves whatever they want -- [[User:SteveCrook|SteveCrook]] ([[User talk:SteveCrook|talk]]) 12:52, 18 October 2019 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:Indeed. See, in fact, our guideline on [[WP:GNL|gender neutral language]]. Mirren identifies herself as an actor, not actress. [[User:Bastun|<span style="font-family:Verdana, sans-serif">Bastun</span>]]<sup>[[User_talk:Bastun|Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ!]]</sup> 13:17, 18 October 2019 (UTC)<br />
:: Those guidelines don't offer anything about actor/actress. We should stick with normal English as used by native speakers - something of the order of 99% of English speakers use actress for a woman who acts so wikipedia should reflect normal usage. <!-- Template:Unsigned IP --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/2A00:23C7:987:BB00:50A7:7A61:EBE6:B7CF|2A00:23C7:987:BB00:50A7:7A61:EBE6:B7CF]] ([[User talk:2A00:23C7:987:BB00:50A7:7A61:EBE6:B7CF#top|talk]]) 17:12, 3 April 2020 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot--><br />
<br />
:::Do you have a source fir that 99% number. For the last several years the Comcast menus use term actor for both genders. Other examples include interviews on the Graham Norton show where actor is used for both sexes and the use of the gender neutral wording for [[Screen Actors Guild Awards#Categories]]. It is a fact that the word actor does not mean male. It is a gender neutral term. Sources abound about the fact that actor has become a gender neutral word. The Merriam-Webster definition here [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/actor] especially its 1st example of usage in a sentence "my sister went to drama school to become an actor". Other dictionaries here [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/actor], here [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/actor] and here [http://www.webster-dictionary.org/definition/actor] all of which use gender neutral definitions. This writing style guide [http://www.guardian.co.uk/styleguide/g] agrees. Both sexes are part of the same species so separate wording is not needed. Authoress, poetess, comedienne and aviatrix are no longer needed. This falls into the same situation. [[User:MarnetteD|MarnetteD]]&#124;[[User talk:MarnetteD|Talk]] 18:26, 3 April 2020 (UTC)<br />
:::: Thanks for your follow up though I disagree about the relevance of almost all you wrote. For native speakers of English the word for a woman actor is actress, I was being conservative when I said 99%, the number will be something of the order 99.999999% if you want more precision! Cherry picking this or that group who has adopted an alternative doesn't change the reality because for every source that uses "actor" to mean women actors, there are 1000 that use actress. So you can say what about the Screen Actors Guild, fine, but then the biggest awards like the Oscars uses "actress" to refer to actresses. The Guardian's style guide is not a neutral source on this - they adopted it for explicitly political reasons and every time they use it people complain because it renders some of their articles barely intelligible when they refer to various actors and actresses as actors making it hard to follow at times. Whatever one newspaper says, Wikipeda in language always strives for the most commonly and widely understood use of language. In this case, that is actress. This isn't an area of "fact checking" etc but using commonly understood language.<br />
:::: The comparisons with authoress etc is an invalid strawman - that term isn't widely used today so nobody is arguing about that. Actress is what virtually all native English speakers call a woman actress. Wikipedia should reflect that. If someone wants to add a sourced note explaining that Mirren herself objects to being called an actress and it is deemed relevant then that is fine of course. But if tomorrow she declares herself a nuclear physicist that doens't mean Wikipedia should change how it describes her.<br />
:::: Now of course things can vary by region and age etc etc. I've had an unusually wide experience, teaching English in multiple countries. I grew up in India but had one American parent and one Indian and have lived a lot in the US, New Zealand and UK. Even in the most remote parts of India people who have been studying English for only weeks or months will always refer to an actress as an actress and if they said "actor" the teacher would correct them. I realise you might not like it but that is how the English language currently is. Perhaps campaigns like the Guardian's and other groups will bring about a change over the coming decades, who can say? But right now arguing that the most commonly used term for an actress is actually an actor is like arguing that 2+2=5 - it is simply totally disconnected from the reality of virtually all native speakers.<br />
:::: To throw in a few examples that dwarf the Guardian style guide in terms of reach both the BBC and CNN refer to Mirren as an actress, eg https://edition.cnn.com/2019/11/07/entertainment/helen-mirren-keanu-reeves/index.html and https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-50703366 . The Oscars refer to Mirren as an actress. The Times of India refer to her as an actress https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Helen-Mirren-in-DreamWorks-Indian-drama/articleshow/20873736.cms . The Times (ie London Times) refers to her as an actress https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/helen-mirren-nobody-is-all-male-or-female-ldschdn0k . The LA Times refers to Mirren as an actress https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2019-11-07/helen-mirren-keanu-reeves-girlfriend-alexandra-grant . The New Zealand Herald refers to Mirren as an actress https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=12283838 . The South China Morning Post (Hong Kong's newspaper of record) calls her an actress https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/fashion/article/3034321/helen-mirren-makes-regal-entrance-catherine-great . Over and over again almost all reputable sources call her an actress. Almost all native speakers would call her an actress. It is really wrong for Wikipedia to be hijacked to push a political view about the use of the term actress. Wikipedia should reflect common usage. As I said, let's see, maybe it will change and in a decade or two it has to be amended but right now it looks silly. <!-- Template:Unsigned IP --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/2A00:23C7:986:EB00:40CB:69B5:AB4:58FD|2A00:23C7:986:EB00:40CB:69B5:AB4:58FD]] ([[User talk:2A00:23C7:986:EB00:40CB:69B5:AB4:58FD#top|talk]]) 14:48, 9 April 2020 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot--><br />
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::::: Talking about cherry-picking... if you look a bit further that most of the publications you've cited also describe Helen Mirren as an actor. -- [[User:SteveCrook|SteveCrook]] ([[User talk:SteveCrook|talk]]) 15:00, 9 April 2020 (UTC)<br />
:::::: Every single example I posted was accurate and within the top 2 or 3 results that google offered for each source - and recent too. <!-- Template:Unsigned IP --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/2A00:23C7:986:EB00:40CB:69B5:AB4:58FD|2A00:23C7:986:EB00:40CB:69B5:AB4:58FD]] ([[User talk:2A00:23C7:986:EB00:40CB:69B5:AB4:58FD#top|talk]]) 18:05, 9 April 2020 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot--><br />
::::: There is a much simpler argument to be made for using "actress" instead of "actor". The term actor is used only five or six times in the entry in reference to Helen Mirren, all in text written by editors. In every quoted text she's referred to as an actress. The term actress appears more than 30 times in the entry: "she won three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress", "she won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress", "she was named best actress at the Olivier Awards", "nominated for Broadway's Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play", "won the Tony Award for Best Actress", "won her the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress", "she's a great actress and I'm a huge fan", "reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."", "won her three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress", "Mirren was named on The Times' list of the top 10 British actresses"- plus more occurrences in notes, bibliography and categories. It's pretty obvious that calling her an actor is not justified either by the sources or the common usage. [[User:Udippuy|Udippuy]] ([[User talk:Udippuy|talk]]) 11:33, 3 May 2021 (UTC)<br />
::::::I suggest we continue to call her an Actor, as she prefers. -[[User:Roxy the dog|'''Roxy''' <small>the grumpy dog</small>.]] [[User talk:Roxy the dog|'''wooF''']] 12:00, 3 May 2021 (UTC)<br />
:::::: I agree. The purpose of the lead section is to provide an overview of the article. If the article primarily refers to her as an actress, it should be represented in the lead. This allows the article itself to determine how the lead section is worded, instead of individual editors. [[User:MiddleAgedBanana|MiddleAgedBanana]] ([[User talk:MiddleAgedBanana|talk]]) 11:25, 13 February 2022 (UTC)<br />
:::::::I agree to replace "actor" with "actress" when referring to her personally and if this is the consent, I invite someone to act on the item. My personal belief is that neutralizing the language using terms commonly understood as masculine, called "neutral masculine" in many binary languages, is offensive to women, at least from my point of view. If there is a word in common use in the feminine, I don't see why not to use it, instead of "honoring us" by including ourselves in a term commonly known as masculine.[[User:Sira Aspera|Sira Aspera]] ([[User talk:Sira Aspera|talk]]) 17:24, 14 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
:::::I'm agree with you [[User:Sira Aspera|Sira Aspera]] ([[User talk:Sira Aspera|talk]]) 17:26, 14 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
::::::[[User:MiddleAgedBanana|MiddleAgedBanana]], are you also planning on replacing huMAN with huWOMAN? -- [[User:SteveCrook|SteveCrook]] ([[User talk:SteveCrook|talk]]) 00:04, 15 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
::::::::Luckily, Wikipedia is not edited based on personal beliefs. Just as well, when someone would rather not listen to what the person in question says they want to be described as, out of some sense of faux offense. [[User:Bastun|<span style="font-family:Verdana, sans-serif">Bastun</span>]]<sup>[[User_talk:Bastun|Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ!]]</sup> 10:03, 15 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
::::::::Did you mean to address this question to someone else? My only comment in this thread was about how the wording of the lead section should be consistent with the body of the article. [[User:MiddleAgedBanana|MiddleAgedBanana]] ([[User talk:MiddleAgedBanana|talk]]) 12:52, 16 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
:::::::::Yes. It was really aimed at all the people who want to remove the term actress, even though it's a gender-neutral term -- [[User:SteveCrook|SteveCrook]] ([[User talk:SteveCrook|talk]]) 13:30, 16 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== Helen Mirren ==<br />
<br />
Cal 1984 no mention! [[Special:Contributions/89.243.144.195|89.243.144.195]] ([[User talk:89.243.144.195|talk]]) 15:12, 25 December 2021 (UTC)<br />
:Worcs 1956 too. -[[User:Roxy the dog|'''Roxy''' <small> the dog</small>.]] [[User talk:Roxy the dog|'''wooF''']] 16:27, 25 December 2021 (UTC)</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Helen_Mirren&diff=1110349675Talk:Helen Mirren2022-09-15T00:04:47Z<p>SteveCrook: /* Helen Mirren should be listed as an actress (as most female actors are on wikipedia) not actor. */</p>
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<br />
== Helen Mirren should be listed as an actress (as most female actors are on wikipedia) not actor. ==<br />
<br />
Nearly all female actors on wikipedia are listed as actresses. Helen Mirren is listed is an actor. This should be changed both in the description and for her occupation.<br />
<br />
For example here are some of the most well known actresses (ACTRESSES, not ACTORS) on wikipedia:<br />
<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meryl_Streep - Meryl Streep - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn - Audrey Hepburn - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarlett_Johansson - Scarlett Johansson - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Lawrence - Jennifer Lawrence - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Watson - Emma Watson - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Winslet - Kate_Winslet - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cate_Blanchett - Cate Blanchett - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalie_Portman - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodie_Foster - Actress not Actor<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Connelly - Actress not Actor<br />
<br />
This is about consistency more than the term itself.<br />
<br />
:See [[WP:OTHERSTUFF]]. [[User:MarnetteD|MarnetteD]]&#124;[[User talk:MarnetteD|Talk]] 19:08, 6 May 2019 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:An actor is a person who acts, it's a gender neutral term. They can call themselves whatever they want -- [[User:SteveCrook|SteveCrook]] ([[User talk:SteveCrook|talk]]) 12:52, 18 October 2019 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:Indeed. See, in fact, our guideline on [[WP:GNL|gender neutral language]]. Mirren identifies herself as an actor, not actress. [[User:Bastun|<span style="font-family:Verdana, sans-serif">Bastun</span>]]<sup>[[User_talk:Bastun|Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ!]]</sup> 13:17, 18 October 2019 (UTC)<br />
:: Those guidelines don't offer anything about actor/actress. We should stick with normal English as used by native speakers - something of the order of 99% of English speakers use actress for a woman who acts so wikipedia should reflect normal usage. <!-- Template:Unsigned IP --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/2A00:23C7:987:BB00:50A7:7A61:EBE6:B7CF|2A00:23C7:987:BB00:50A7:7A61:EBE6:B7CF]] ([[User talk:2A00:23C7:987:BB00:50A7:7A61:EBE6:B7CF#top|talk]]) 17:12, 3 April 2020 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot--><br />
<br />
:::Do you have a source fir that 99% number. For the last several years the Comcast menus use term actor for both genders. Other examples include interviews on the Graham Norton show where actor is used for both sexes and the use of the gender neutral wording for [[Screen Actors Guild Awards#Categories]]. It is a fact that the word actor does not mean male. It is a gender neutral term. Sources abound about the fact that actor has become a gender neutral word. The Merriam-Webster definition here [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/actor] especially its 1st example of usage in a sentence "my sister went to drama school to become an actor". Other dictionaries here [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/actor], here [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/actor] and here [http://www.webster-dictionary.org/definition/actor] all of which use gender neutral definitions. This writing style guide [http://www.guardian.co.uk/styleguide/g] agrees. Both sexes are part of the same species so separate wording is not needed. Authoress, poetess, comedienne and aviatrix are no longer needed. This falls into the same situation. [[User:MarnetteD|MarnetteD]]&#124;[[User talk:MarnetteD|Talk]] 18:26, 3 April 2020 (UTC)<br />
:::: Thanks for your follow up though I disagree about the relevance of almost all you wrote. For native speakers of English the word for a woman actor is actress, I was being conservative when I said 99%, the number will be something of the order 99.999999% if you want more precision! Cherry picking this or that group who has adopted an alternative doesn't change the reality because for every source that uses "actor" to mean women actors, there are 1000 that use actress. So you can say what about the Screen Actors Guild, fine, but then the biggest awards like the Oscars uses "actress" to refer to actresses. The Guardian's style guide is not a neutral source on this - they adopted it for explicitly political reasons and every time they use it people complain because it renders some of their articles barely intelligible when they refer to various actors and actresses as actors making it hard to follow at times. Whatever one newspaper says, Wikipeda in language always strives for the most commonly and widely understood use of language. In this case, that is actress. This isn't an area of "fact checking" etc but using commonly understood language.<br />
:::: The comparisons with authoress etc is an invalid strawman - that term isn't widely used today so nobody is arguing about that. Actress is what virtually all native English speakers call a woman actress. Wikipedia should reflect that. If someone wants to add a sourced note explaining that Mirren herself objects to being called an actress and it is deemed relevant then that is fine of course. But if tomorrow she declares herself a nuclear physicist that doens't mean Wikipedia should change how it describes her.<br />
:::: Now of course things can vary by region and age etc etc. I've had an unusually wide experience, teaching English in multiple countries. I grew up in India but had one American parent and one Indian and have lived a lot in the US, New Zealand and UK. Even in the most remote parts of India people who have been studying English for only weeks or months will always refer to an actress as an actress and if they said "actor" the teacher would correct them. I realise you might not like it but that is how the English language currently is. Perhaps campaigns like the Guardian's and other groups will bring about a change over the coming decades, who can say? But right now arguing that the most commonly used term for an actress is actually an actor is like arguing that 2+2=5 - it is simply totally disconnected from the reality of virtually all native speakers.<br />
:::: To throw in a few examples that dwarf the Guardian style guide in terms of reach both the BBC and CNN refer to Mirren as an actress, eg https://edition.cnn.com/2019/11/07/entertainment/helen-mirren-keanu-reeves/index.html and https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-50703366 . The Oscars refer to Mirren as an actress. The Times of India refer to her as an actress https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Helen-Mirren-in-DreamWorks-Indian-drama/articleshow/20873736.cms . The Times (ie London Times) refers to her as an actress https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/helen-mirren-nobody-is-all-male-or-female-ldschdn0k . The LA Times refers to Mirren as an actress https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2019-11-07/helen-mirren-keanu-reeves-girlfriend-alexandra-grant . The New Zealand Herald refers to Mirren as an actress https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=12283838 . The South China Morning Post (Hong Kong's newspaper of record) calls her an actress https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/fashion/article/3034321/helen-mirren-makes-regal-entrance-catherine-great . Over and over again almost all reputable sources call her an actress. Almost all native speakers would call her an actress. It is really wrong for Wikipedia to be hijacked to push a political view about the use of the term actress. Wikipedia should reflect common usage. As I said, let's see, maybe it will change and in a decade or two it has to be amended but right now it looks silly. <!-- Template:Unsigned IP --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/2A00:23C7:986:EB00:40CB:69B5:AB4:58FD|2A00:23C7:986:EB00:40CB:69B5:AB4:58FD]] ([[User talk:2A00:23C7:986:EB00:40CB:69B5:AB4:58FD#top|talk]]) 14:48, 9 April 2020 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot--><br />
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::::: Talking about cherry-picking... if you look a bit further that most of the publications you've cited also describe Helen Mirren as an actor. -- [[User:SteveCrook|SteveCrook]] ([[User talk:SteveCrook|talk]]) 15:00, 9 April 2020 (UTC)<br />
:::::: Every single example I posted was accurate and within the top 2 or 3 results that google offered for each source - and recent too. <!-- Template:Unsigned IP --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/2A00:23C7:986:EB00:40CB:69B5:AB4:58FD|2A00:23C7:986:EB00:40CB:69B5:AB4:58FD]] ([[User talk:2A00:23C7:986:EB00:40CB:69B5:AB4:58FD#top|talk]]) 18:05, 9 April 2020 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot--><br />
::::: There is a much simpler argument to be made for using "actress" instead of "actor". The term actor is used only five or six times in the entry in reference to Helen Mirren, all in text written by editors. In every quoted text she's referred to as an actress. The term actress appears more than 30 times in the entry: "she won three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress", "she won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress", "she was named best actress at the Olivier Awards", "nominated for Broadway's Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play", "won the Tony Award for Best Actress", "won her the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress", "she's a great actress and I'm a huge fan", "reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."", "won her three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress", "Mirren was named on The Times' list of the top 10 British actresses"- plus more occurrences in notes, bibliography and categories. It's pretty obvious that calling her an actor is not justified either by the sources or the common usage. [[User:Udippuy|Udippuy]] ([[User talk:Udippuy|talk]]) 11:33, 3 May 2021 (UTC)<br />
::::::I suggest we continue to call her an Actor, as she prefers. -[[User:Roxy the dog|'''Roxy''' <small>the grumpy dog</small>.]] [[User talk:Roxy the dog|'''wooF''']] 12:00, 3 May 2021 (UTC)<br />
:::::: I agree. The purpose of the lead section is to provide an overview of the article. If the article primarily refers to her as an actress, it should be represented in the lead. This allows the article itself to determine how the lead section is worded, instead of individual editors. [[User:MiddleAgedBanana|MiddleAgedBanana]] ([[User talk:MiddleAgedBanana|talk]]) 11:25, 13 February 2022 (UTC)<br />
:::::::I agree to replace "actor" with "actress" when referring to her personally and if this is the consent, I invite someone to act on the item. My personal belief is that neutralizing the language using terms commonly understood as masculine, called "neutral masculine" in many binary languages, is offensive to women, at least from my point of view. If there is a word in common use in the feminine, I don't see why not to use it, instead of "honoring us" by including ourselves in a term commonly known as masculine.[[User:Sira Aspera|Sira Aspera]] ([[User talk:Sira Aspera|talk]]) 17:24, 14 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
:::::I'm agree with you [[User:Sira Aspera|Sira Aspera]] ([[User talk:Sira Aspera|talk]]) 17:26, 14 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
::::::[[User:MiddleAgedBanana|MiddleAgedBanana]], are you also planning on replacing huMAN with huWOMAN? -- [[User:SteveCrook|SteveCrook]] ([[User talk:SteveCrook|talk]]) 00:04, 15 September 2022 (UTC)<br />
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== Helen Mirren ==<br />
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Cal 1984 no mention! [[Special:Contributions/89.243.144.195|89.243.144.195]] ([[User talk:89.243.144.195|talk]]) 15:12, 25 December 2021 (UTC)<br />
:Worcs 1956 too. -[[User:Roxy the dog|'''Roxy''' <small> the dog</small>.]] [[User talk:Roxy the dog|'''wooF''']] 16:27, 25 December 2021 (UTC)</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Mirren&diff=1108264871Helen Mirren2022-09-03T12:30:00Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1108249062 by 92.233.224.159 (talk) Oh dear. READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR and it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history)</p>
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<div>{{short description|English actor (born 1945)}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Dame]]<br />
| name = Helen Mirren<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}}<br />
| image = Helen Mirren-2208 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Mirren in 2020<br />
| alt = Mirren at the 2020 Berlin International Film Festival<br />
| birth_name = Helen Lydia Mironoff<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1945|7|26}}<br />
| birth_place = London, England<!--No boroughs/neighbourhoods, just cities per format.--><br />
| citizenship = {{hlist|United Kingdom|United States}}<br />
| occupation = Actor<!-- READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR and it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --><br />
| years_active = 1965–present<br />
| party = {{nowrap|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (2020–present)<ref name="democrat">{{cite web |last1=Jackson |first1=Hugh |title=Helen Mirren for governor |url=https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |publisher=Nevada Current |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022204617/https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2020/10/20/helen-mirren-for-governor/ |archive-date=22 October 2020 |date=22 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|United States affiliation}}}}<br />
| otherparty = [[Independent voter|Independent]]<ref name="independent">{{cite web |title=Helen Mirren: Her crowning achievement |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |work=The Independent |access-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708131908/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/helen-mirren-her-crowning-achievement-412283.html |archive-date=8 July 2022 |date=18 August 2006 |quote="I've never been a member of Labour, or any political party for that matter, but in 1997 I wanted to get rid of the Conservatives; wanted to get rid of that appalling lot." |url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|United Kingdom affiliation}}<br />
| works = [[Helen Mirren on screen and stage|Full list]]<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Taylor Hackford]]|31 December 1997}}<br />
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Simon Mirren]] (nephew)|[[Tania Mallet]] (cousin)|[[Rio Hackford]] (stepson)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/rio-hackford-dead-mandalorian-1235233527/|title=Rio Hackford, Club Owner and Actor, Dies at 52|first=Pat|last=Saperstein|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=15 April 2022|access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>}}<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Full list]]<br />
| website = {{URL|helenmirren.com}}<br />
}}<br />
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'''Dame Helen Lydia Mirren''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} ({{nee|'''Mironoff'''}}; born 26 July 1945) is an English<!--as per [[MOS:BIO]]; became notable as English and not British-American--> actor<!--PLEASE READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men (see article history) -->. The recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|numerous accolades]], she is the only performer to have achieved the [[Triple Crown of Acting]] in both the United States and [[Triple Crown (UK entertainment)|the United Kingdom]]. She received an [[Academy Award]] and a [[British Academy Film Award]] for her portrayal of [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'', a [[Tony Award]] and a [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for the same role in ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]'', three [[British Academy Television Awards]] for her performance as DCI Jane Tennison in ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', and four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]] including two for ''Prime Suspect''.<br />
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Mirren's stage performance as [[Cleopatra]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[National Youth Theatre]] in 1965 provided her an opportunity to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]], before making her [[West End theatre|West End]] stage debut in 1975. She subsequently went on to achieve success in film and television, appearing in films such as ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001), and ''[[The Last Station]]'' (2009), receiving Academy Award nominations for each of those performances. For her role on ''Prime Suspect,'' which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] (1992, 1993 and 1994)—a record of consecutive wins shared with [[Julie Walters]]—and two [[Primetime Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/helen-mirren |title=Helen Mirren |website=[[Emmy Award]] |access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> She played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), and [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in the film ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006); she is the only actor to have portrayed both of the regnant Elizabeths on screen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Helen Mirren, at 75, remains the queen of acting |url=https://www.dw.com/en/why-helen-mirren-at-75-remains-the-queen-of-acting/a-52429296 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref><br />
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After her breakthrough role in ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980), Mirren appeared in a variety of other films including ''[[Cal (1984 film)|Cal]]'' (1984), for which she won the [[Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress]], ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover]]'' (1989), ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003), ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]'' (2010), ''[[The Debt (2010 film)|The Debt]]'' (2010), ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'' (2012), ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' (2014), ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'' (2015), ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'' (2015), and ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' (2017). She has also appeared in several action films such as ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'' (2010) and its sequel ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]'' (2013), as well as in the ''[[Fast & Furious]]'' film franchise ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'' (2017), ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]'' (2019), and ''[[F9 (film)|F9]]'' (2021).<br />
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In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref name="Damehood">{{London Gazette|issue=56963|supp=y|page=7 |date=14 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Ceremony">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |title=Dame Helen centre stage at palace |date=5 December 2003 |website=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725070213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |archive-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> In 2013 she received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]],<ref name="Walk of fame">{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |title=Helen Mirren Gets Hollywood Walk of Fame Star |date=4 January 2013 |website=[[Sky News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116224406/http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> and in 2014 she received the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]].<ref name="bafta.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/helen-mirren-fellowship-2014,4076,BA.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren&nbsp;– BAFTA Fellow in 2014 |date=26 January 2014 |website=BAFTA |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> In 2021, she was announced as the recipient of the [[Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grater |first1=Tom |title=Helen Mirren To Receive SAG Life Achievement Award |url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/helen-mirren-sag-life-achievement-award-1234876685/ |website=Deadline |date=18 November 2021 |access-date=November 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
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==Early life==<br />
<!-- Although it is common to have an 'a' at the end of a woman's patronymic, when Russian families moved to the UK, they often "froze" their surnames and didn't follow the old patronymic rules any more. The same applies to other nationalities like Icelandic and those from Nordic countries. Had she been born in Russia, Helen Mirren likely would have been named Yelena or Ilyena Vasilyeva Mironova. But she was born in the UK and was named Helen Lydia Mironoff --><br />
Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff at [[Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital]] in the [[Hammersmith]] district of [[London]]<ref name=birth>{{cite web |url=http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=bmd%2fb%2f1945%2f3%2faz%2f000858%2f014 |title=England & Wales births 1837–2006 Transcription |website=[[Findmypast]] |access-date=6 June 2016 |quote=Her birth was registered in the Hammersmith registration district |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='Whenever I see the Queen, I think, "Oh ... there I am"': The right royal progress of Helen Mirren |first=Neil |last=Norman |date=10 March 2013 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> on 26 July 1945,<ref name="biography.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/helen-mirren-547434 |title=Helen Mirren Biography: Actress (1945–) |website=[[Biography.com]] |publisher=[[FYI (TV network)|FYI]]/[[A&E Networks]] |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=ker>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002fa_fact1 |title=Command Performance: The reign of Helen Mirren |last=Lahr |first=John |date=2 October 2006 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=24 October 2010}}</ref> to an English mother and Russian father.<ref name=nationsmemory>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |title=Helen Mirren |website=Nation's Memorybank |access-date=5 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207044313/http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref> Her mother, Kathleen "Kitty" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (née Rogers; 1909–1996), was a working-class woman from [[West Ham]], the thirteenth of fourteen children born to a butcher whose own father was the butcher to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name=nationsmemory/>{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=34}} Mirren's father, Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913–1980), was a member of an exiled family of the [[Russian nobility]]; he was taken to England when he was two by his father, Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov.<ref name=nationsmemory/> Pyotr Mironov, who owned a family estate near Gzhatsk (now [[Gagarin, Smolensk Oblast|Gagarin]]), was part of the Russian aristocracy. His mother, Mirren's great-grandmother, was Countess Lydia Andreevna Kamenskaya, an aristocrat and a descendant of [[Mikhail Kamensky|Count Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky]], a prominent Russian general in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=ker/><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/news/tn-vsl-xpm-2006-09-28-lap-queen0921-story.html| title=Behind the Scene:God Save The Queen| date=28 September 2006| newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Susan E.| last=James}}</ref> Pyotr Mironov served as a colonel in the [[Imperial Russian Army]] and fought in the 1904 [[Russo-Japanese War]]. He became a diplomat and was negotiating an arms deal in Britain when he and his family were stranded by the [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917.<ref name="NYTJacobs">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| title=Helen Mirren Plays Catherine II in the Years That Made Her 'the Great'| date=21 October 2019| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Julia| last=Jacobs| url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |title=Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov Collection: The Russian Government Committee in London (1914–1939) |date=11 September 2009 |website=University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies Library |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> He settled in England and became a London cab driver to support his family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/helen-mirrens-in-the-prime-of-life-7239430.html |title=Helen Mirren's in the prime of life |date=13 July 2017 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Vasily Mironoff also worked as a cab driver and then played the viola with the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] before [[World War II]].<ref name=nationsmemory/> He was an ambulance driver during the war, and served in the [[East End of London]] during [[the Blitz]].{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=22}} He and Kathleen Rogers married in Hammersmith in 1938, and at some point before 1951 he anglicised his first name to Basil.<ref name=Gazette/> Shortly after Helen's birth, her father left the orchestra and returned to driving a cab to support the family. He later worked as a driving-test examiner, then became a civil servant with the [[Department for Transport|Ministry of Transport]].<ref name="biography.com"/><ref name=nationsmemory/> In 1951, he changed the family name to Mirren by [[deed poll]].<ref name=Gazette>{{London Gazette |date=12 October 1951 |issue=39356 |page= 5331 |supp=y}}</ref> Mirren considers her upbringing to have been "very anti-monarchist".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |title=Helen Mirren, British Royal Tea? |first=Natalie |last=Finn |date=26 February 2007 |website=[[E! News]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012090005/http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |archive-date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> She was the second of three children; she has an older sister Katherine ("Kate"; born 1942) and had a younger brother Peter Basil (1947–2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/189510/helen-mirren-fondly-remembers-late-costar-alan-rickman |title=Helen Mirren fondly remembers late costar Alan Rickman |last=Nepales |first=Ruben V. |date=7 February 2016 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |location=Manila |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Her paternal cousin was [[Tania Mallet]], a model and [[Bond girl]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47772012 |title=Goldfinger actress dies aged 77 |date=1 April 2019 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Mirren was brought up in [[Leigh-on-Sea]], Essex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Helen Mirren interview |last=Piccalo |first=Gina |date=7 February 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=6 November 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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Mirren attended Hamlet Court primary school in [[Westcliff-on-Sea]], where she had the lead role in a school production of ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]'',{{sfn|Mirren|2011|pp=47–48}}<ref name=autobiography>{{cite book |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |first=Helen |last=Mirren |date=25 March 2008 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |isbn=978-1-41656-760-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/inframemylifeinw0000mirr }}</ref> and [[St Bernard's High School for Girls]] in [[Southend-on-Sea]], where she also acted in school productions. She subsequently attended a teaching college, the [[Middlesex University|New College of Speech and Drama]] in London, "housed within [[Anna Pavlova]]'s old home, Ivy House" on North End Road. At 18 she successfully auditioned for the [[National Youth Theatre]] (NYT); and at 20, she played [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra]] in the NYT production of ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Old Vic]], a role which she says "launched my career"<ref>{{cite news |title=Fame Academy: Where Daniel Craig, Helen Mirren and Colin Firth learned to act |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=22 April 2020 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and led to her signing with agent [[Albert Parker (director)|Al Parker]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Waterman |first=Ivan |date=2003 |title=Helen Mirren: The Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Metro Books |pages=[https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 18–22, 26–29] |isbn=1843580535 }}</ref><br />
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==Theatre career==<br />
===Early years===<br />
As a result of her work for the National Youth Theatre, Mirren was invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (RSC). While with the RSC, she played Castiza in [[Trevor Nunn]]'s 1966 staging of ''[[The Revenger's Tragedy]]'', Diana in ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (1967), Cressida in ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'' (1968), Rosalind<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |title=Helen Mirren – Biography |website=[[TalkTalk Group|TalkTalk]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233618/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> in ''[[As You Like It]]'' (1968), Julia in ''[[The Two Gentlemen of Verona]]'' (1970), Tatiana in [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]]'s ''Enemies'' at the [[Aldwych Theatre|Aldwych]] (1971), and the title role in ''[[Miss Julie]]'' at [[The Other Place (theatre)|The Other Place]] (1971). She also appeared in four productions, directed by [[Braham Murray]] for Century Theatre at the University Theatre in Manchester, between 1965 and 1967.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Braham |author-link=Braham Murray |year=2007 |title=The Worst It Can Be Is a Disaster |location=London |publisher=Methuen Drama |isbn=978-0-7136-8490-2}}</ref><br />
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In 1970, the director and producer [[John Goldschmidt]] made a documentary film, ''Doing Her Own Thing'', about Mirren during her time with the Royal Shakespeare Company. Made for [[Associated TeleVision|ATV]], it was shown on the ITV network in the UK. In 1972 and 1973, Mirren worked with [[Peter Brook]]'s International Centre for Theatre Research and joined the group's tour in North Africa and the US, during which they created ''[[The Conference of the Birds]]''. She then rejoined the RSC, playing [[Lady Macbeth]] at [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre|Stratford]] in 1974 and at the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in 1975.<br />
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[[Sally Beauman]] reported, in her 1982 history of the RSC, that Mirren — while appearing in Nunn's ''Macbeth'' (1974), and in a letter to ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper — had sharply criticised both the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and the RSC for their lavish production expenditure, declaring it "unnecessary and destructive to the art of the Theatre", and adding, "The realms of truth, emotion and imagination reached for in acting a great play have become more and more remote, often totally unreachable across an abyss of costume and technicalities..." This started a big debate, and led to a question in parliament. There were no discernible repercussions for this rebuke of the RSC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/jul/23/helen-mirren-at-75-michael-billington |title=Helen Mirren at 75: wild costumes, blazing performances – and a spell as a rock banshee |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |first=Michael |last=Billington |date=23 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beauman |first=Sally |author-link=Sally Beauman |date=1982 |title=The Royal Shakespeare Company: A History of Ten Decades |url=https://archive.org/details/royalshakespeare00sall |url-access=registration |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19212-209-4}}</ref><br />
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===West End and RSC===<br />
At the [[West End theatre|West End]]'s [[Royal Court Theatre]] in September 1975, she played the role of a rock star named Maggie in ''[[Teeth 'n' Smiles (play)|Teeth 'n' Smiles]]'', a musical play by [[David Hare (dramatist)|David Hare]]; she reprised the role the following year in a revival of the play at [[Wyndham's Theatre]] in May 1976.<br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren at Met Opera.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the opening of the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in 2008]]<br />
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Beginning in November 1975, Mirren played in West End repertory with the Lyric Theatre Company as Nina in ''[[The Seagull]]'' and Ella in [[Ben Travers]]'s new farce ''The Bed Before Yesterday'' ("Mirren is stirringly voluptuous as the [[Jean Harlow|Harlowesque]] good-time girl": [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]], ''The Guardian''). At the RSC in Stratford in 1977, and at the Aldwych the following year, she played a steely Queen Margaret in [[Terry Hands]]' production of the three parts of ''[[Henry VI (play)|Henry VI]]'', while 1979 saw her 'bursting with grace', and winning acclaim for her performance as Isabella in [[Peter Gill (playwright)|Peter Gill]]'s production of ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' at [[Riverside Studios]].<br />
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In 1981, she returned to the Royal Court for the London premiere of [[Brian Friel]]'s ''[[Faith Healer]]''. That same year she also won acclaim for her performance in the title role of [[John Webster]]'s ''[[The Duchess of Malfi]]'', a production of Manchester's [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange Theatre]] which was later transferred to [[The Roundhouse]] in [[Chalk Farm]], London. Reviewing her portrayal for ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'', [[Francis King]] wrote: "Miss Mirren never leaves it in doubt that even in her absences, this ardent, beautiful woman is the most important character of the story." In her performance as Moll Cutpurse in ''[[The Roaring Girl]]''—at the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre]] in January 1983, and at the [[Barbican Theatre]] in April 1983—she was described as having "swaggered through the action with radiant singularity of purpose, filling in areas of light and shade that even [[Thomas Middleton]] and [[Thomas Dekker (poet)|Thomas Dekker]] omitted."&nbsp;– [[Michael Coveney]], ''[[Financial Times]]'', April 1983.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Philip |title=Becoming Helen Mirren |date=25 October 2019 |publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=roaring+girl| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of 1989, Mirren co-starred with [[Bob Peck]] at the [[Young Vic]] in the London premiere of the [[Arthur Miller]] double-bill, ''Two Way Mirror'', performances which prompted Miller to remark: "What is so good about English actors is that they are not afraid of the open expression of large emotions. British actors like to speak. In London, there’s a much more open-hearted kind of exchange between stage and audience" (interview by [[Sheridan Morley]]: ''[[The Times]]'' 11 January 1989).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bigsby |first1=Christopher |title=Arthur Miller: 1962-2005 |date=2011 |publisher=Hachette UK}}</ref> In ''[[Elegy for a Lady]]'' she played the svelte proprietress of a classy boutique, while as the blonde hooker in ''[[Some Kind of Love Story]]'' she was "clad in a Freudian slip and shifting easily from waif-like vulnerability to sexual aggression, giving the role a breathy Monroesque quality".<ref>{{cite news |title=The Coutours of Passion| newspaper=The Guardian| location=London| date=25 January 1989| page=46| last=Billington| first=Michael| url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259882155/ |access-date=22 October 2020 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><br />
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On 15 February 2013, at the West End's [[Gielgud Theatre]] she began a turn as [[Elizabeth II]] in the World Premiere of [[Peter Morgan]]'s ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |title=The Audience |website=Hit The Theatre.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232730/http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> The show was directed by [[Stephen Daldry]]. In April she was named best actress at the [[Olivier Awards]] for her role.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |title=Helen Mirren crowned queen of the stage |date=30 April 2013 |website=[[3 News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233730/http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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===Broadway debut===<br />
A further stage breakthrough came in 1994, in an [[Yvonne Arnaud Theatre]] production bound for the West End, when [[Bill Bryden]] cast her as Natalya Petrovna in [[Ivan Turgenev]]'s ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''. Her co-stars were [[John Hurt]] as her aimless lover Rakitin and [[Joseph Fiennes]] in only his second professional stage appearance as the cocksure young tutor Belyaev.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Month in the Country |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=4 March 1994 |newspaper=[[Richmond & Twickenham Times]] |quote=Instead of a bored Natalya fretting the summer away in dull frocks, Mirren, dazzlingly gowned, is a woman almost wilfully allowing her heart's desire for her son's young tutor to rule her head and wreak domestic havoc....Creamy shoulders bared, she feels free to launch into a gloriously enchanted, dreamily comic self-confession of love.}}</ref><br />
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Prior to 2015, Mirren had twice been nominated for Broadway's [[Tony Award]] for Best Actress in a Play: in 1995 for her Broadway debut in ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/26/theater/theater-review-turgenev-s-inquiry-into-calamitous-love.html |title=Theater Review; Turgenev's Inquiry Into Calamitous Love |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=26 April 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019 |quote=Miss Mirren's performance is bigger and more animated than the one she gave last year in an entirely different London production.}}</ref> and then again in 2002 for ''[[The Dance of Death (Strindberg)|The Dance of Death]]'', co-starring with Sir [[Ian McKellen]], their fraught rehearsal period coinciding with the terrorist attacks on New York on 11 September 2001.<ref name=autobiography/><br />
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On 7 June 2015‚ Mirren won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play‚ for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in ''The Audience'' (a performance which also won her the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best Actress). Her Tony Award win made her one of the few actors to achieve the US “[[Triple Crown of Acting#Helen Mirren|Triple Crown of Acting]]”, joining the ranks of acclaimed performers including [[Ingrid Bergman]]‚ Dame [[Maggie Smith]], and [[Al Pacino]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |work=Huffington Post |title=7 reasons to love Helen Mirren on her 70th birthday |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023072002/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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===National Theatre===<br />
In 1998, Mirren played [[Cleopatra]] to [[Alan Rickman]]'s [[Mark Antony|Antony]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]. The production received poor reviews; ''[[The Guardian]]'' called it "plodding spectacle rarely informed by powerful passion", while ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' said "the crucial sexual chemistry on which any great production ultimately depends is fatally absent".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=A case of hype and fall as Rickman and Mirren are put to the sword |last=Lister |first=David |date=23 October 1998 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2000 [[Nicholas Hytner]], who had worked with Mirren on the film version of ''[[The Madness of King George]]'', cast her as Lady Torrance in his revival of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[Orpheus Descending]]'' at the [[Donmar Warehouse]] in London. Michael Billington, reviewing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', described her performance as "an exemplary study of an immigrant woman who has acquired a patina of resilient toughness but who slowly acknowledges her sensuality."<ref>{{cite news |title=Southern discomfort |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/jun/29/artsfeatures4 |date=28 June 2000 |page=46 |access-date=1 March 2022 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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At the National Theatre in November 2003 she again won praise playing Christine Mannon ("defiantly cool, camp and skittish", ''[[Evening Standard]]''; "glows with mature sexual allure", ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'') in a revival of [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]'' directed by [[Howard Davies (Theatre Director)|Howard Davies]]. "This production was one of the best experiences of my professional life, The play was four and a half hours long, and I have never known that kind of response from an audience ... It was the serendipity of a beautifully cast play, with great design and direction, It will be hard to be in anything better."<ref name=autobiography/> She played the title role in [[Jean Racine]]'s ''[[Phèdre]]'' at the National in 2009, in a production directed by [[Nicholas Hytner]]. The production was also staged at the [[Epidaurus#Theatre|Epidaurus amphitheatre]] on 11 and 12 July 2009.<br />
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==Film career==<br />
Mirren has appeared in a large number of films throughout her career. Some of her earlier film appearances include roles in [[Herostratus (film)|Herostratus]] (1967) Dir. Don Levy, ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)|Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' (1968), ''[[Age of Consent (film)|Age of Consent]]'' (1969), ''[[O Lucky Man!]]'' (1973), ''[[Caligula (film)|Caligula]]'' (1979),<ref name="VF2015" /><ref name="peop_Hele" /> ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980)—co-starring with [[Bob Hoskins]] in what was her breakthrough film role,<ref name="BBC 2014">{{cite news| title=Dame Helen Mirren to receive Bafta fellowship| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-25911227| work=BBC News| date=27 January 2014| access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref> ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981), ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985), ''[[The Mosquito Coast (film)|The Mosquito Coast]]'' (1986), ''[[Pascali's Island (film)|Pascali's Island]]'' (1988) and ''[[When the Whales Came]]'' (1989). She appeared in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Some Mother's Son]]'' (1996), ''[[Painted Lady (mini series)|Painted Lady]]'' (1997) and ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="Mirren roles"/> In [[Peter Greenaway]]'s colorful ''[[The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover]]'', Mirren plays the wife opposite [[Michael Gambon]]. In ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), she plays sadistic history teacher Mrs Eve Tingle.<ref name="Mirren roles">{{cite news |title=All Helen Mirren's 61 movies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/02/all-helen-mirrens-61-movies-ranked |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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In 2007, she claimed that the director [[Michael Winner]] had treated her "like a piece of meat" at a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting call]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=David Cameron keeps his distance from film director Michael Winner |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=3 May 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=30 December 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Asked about the incident, Winner told ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I don't remember asking her to turn around but if I did I wasn't being serious. I was only doing what the [casting] agent asked me&nbsp;– and for this I get reviled! Helen's a lovely person, she's a great actress and I'm a huge fan, but her memory of that moment is a little flawed."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |title=Susan Sarandon, Gwyneth Paltrow, Charlize Theron & More Casting Couch Horror Stories |date=16 November 2012 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020104842/http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |archive-date=20 October 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren continued her successful film career when she starred more recently in ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001) with [[Maggie Smith]] and ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003) with [[Julie Walters]]. Other more recent appearances include ''[[The Clearing (film)|The Clearing]]'' (2004), ''[[Pride (2004 film)|Pride]]'' (2004), ''[[Raising Helen]]'' (2004), and ''[[Shadowboxer]]'' (2005). Mirren also provided the voice for the supercomputer "[[Minor characters from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|Deep Thought]]" in the film adaptation of [[Douglas Adams]]'s ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' (2005). During her career, she has portrayed three British queens in different films and television series: [[Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), and [[Queen Charlotte|Charlotte]] in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994). She is the only actor to have portrayed both Queens Elizabeth on the screen.<ref name="BBC 2014"/><br />
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Mirren's title role of ''The Queen'' earned her numerous acting awards including a [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA]], a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Golden Globe]], and an [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Academy Award]], among many others. During her acceptance speech at the Academy Award ceremony, she praised and thanked Elizabeth II and stated that she had maintained her dignity and weathered many storms during her reign. Mirren later appeared in supporting roles in the films ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]'', ''[[Inkheart (film)|Inkheart]]'', ''[[State of Play (film)|State of Play]]'', and ''[[The Last Station]]'', for which she was nominated for an Oscar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |title=Nominees & Winners for the 82nd Academy Awards |date=24 August 2012 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411210003/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |archive-date=11 April 2010}}</ref><br />
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===2000–2009===<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren at the Orange British Academy Film Awards.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the [[60th British Academy Film Awards]] in 2007, where she won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]]]]<br />
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Mirren's first film of the 2000s was [[Joel Hershman]]'s ''[[Greenfingers]]'' (2000), a comedy based on the true story about the prisoners of [[Leyhill Prison|HMP Leyhill]], a minimum-security prison, who won gardening awards.<ref name="Deitz">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/garden/free-to-grow-bluebells-in-england.html |title=Free to Grow Bluebells in England |last=Deitz |first=Paula |date=16 July 1998 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=13 |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren portrayed a devoted plantswoman in the film, who coaches a team of prison gardeners, led by [[Clive Owen]], to victory at a prestigious flower show.<ref name="Ramsey">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/22/movies/film-never-too-tough-to-be-softened-up-by-a-flower.html |title=Film; Never Too Tough to Be Softened Up by a Flower |last=Ramsey |first=Nancy |page=22 |date=22 July 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> The project received lukewarm reviews, which suggested that it added "nothing new to this already saturated genre" of [[Britcom|British feel-good films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greenfingers/ |title=Greenfingers (2000) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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The same year, she began work on the mystery film ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'', [[Sean Penn]]'s third directorial effort, in which she played a child psychologist. A critical success,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1104203-pledge |title=The Pledge (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> the [[ensemble film]] tanked at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/entertainment/1332122.stm |title=US directors laud Cannes audiences |date=15 May 2001 |website=BBC News |access-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> Also that year, she filmed the American-Icelandic satirical drama ''[[No Such Thing (film)|No Such Thing]]'' opposite [[Sarah Polley]]. Directed by [[Hal Hartley]], Mirren portrayed a soulless television producer in the film, who strives for sensationalistic stories. It was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/no_such_thing/ |title=No Such Thing (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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Her biggest critical and commercial success, released in 2001, became [[Robert Altman]]'s all-star ensemble mystery film ''[[Gosford Park]]''. A [[homage (arts)|homage]] to writer [[Agatha Christie]]'s [[whodunit]] style, the story follows a party of wealthy Britons and an American, and their servants, who gather for a shooting weekend at an [[English country house]], resulting in an unexpected murder. It received multiple awards and nominations, including a second [[Academy Award]] nomination and first [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Screen Actors Guild Award]] win for Mirren's portrayal of the sternly devoted head servant Mrs. Wilson.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/gosford-park-big-winner-article-1.485902 |title='Gosford Park' Big Winner |first=Jack |last=Mathews |date=11 March 2002 |newspaper=New York Daily News |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Fred Schepisi]]'s dramedy film ''[[Last Orders (film)|Last Orders]]'' opposite [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]].<ref name="Mirren roles"/><br />
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In 2003, Mirren starred in [[Nigel Cole]]'s comedy ''[[Calendar Girls]]'', inspired by the true story of a group of [[Yorkshire]] women who produced a [[nude calendar]] to raise money for [[Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research|Leukaemia Research]] under the auspices of the [[Women's Institutes]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/12/23/earlyshow/leisure/main590034.shtml |title=Helen Mirren's ''Calendar Girls'' |first=Rome |last=Neal |date=24 December 2003 |website=[[CBS News]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> Mirren initially was reluctant to join the project, dismissing it as another middling British picture,<ref name="mc1">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504225925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo&feature=related| archive-date=2017-05-04|title=2009&nbsp;– Movie Connections&nbsp;– Calendar Girls (2/4) |author=[[Movie Connections]] |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> but rethought her decision upon learning of the casting of co-star [[Julie Walters]].<ref name="mc1"/> The film was generally well received by critics, and grossed $96 million worldwide.<ref name="bom">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=calendargirls.htm |title=Calendar Girls (2003) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, the picture earned [[Satellite Award|Satellite]], [[Golden Globe]], and [[European Film Award]] nominations for Mirren.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0337909/awards |title=Awards for ''Calendar Girls'' |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> Her other film that year was the [[Showtime Networks|Showtime]] television film ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' opposite [[Olivier Martinez]], and [[Anne Bancroft]], based on the 1950 novel of the same title by [[Tennessee Williams]].<br />
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===2010–2014===<br />
In 2010, Mirren appeared in five films. In ''[[Love Ranch]]'', directed by her husband [[Taylor Hackford]], she portrayed [[Joe Conforte|Sally Conforte]], one half of a married couple who opened the first legal [[brothel]] in the US, the [[Mustang Ranch]] in [[Storey County, Nevada]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/04/helen_mirrens_brothel_movie_to.html |title=Helen Mirren's Brothel Movie to Open |last=Brown |first=Lane |date=6 April 2010 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren starred in the principal role of [[Prospero|Prospera]], the duchess of [[Milan]], in [[Julie Taymor]]'s ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]''. This was based on the [[The Tempest|play of the same name]] by [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]; Taymor changed the original character's gender to cast Mirren as her lead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |title=Mirren 'to star in Tempest film' |date=8 October 2008 |website=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111152135/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |archive-date=11 January 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While the actor garnered strong reviews for her portrayal, the film itself was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tempest |title=The Tempest (2010) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren at the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
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Mirren played a gutsy tea-shop owner who tries to save one of her young employees from marrying a teenage killer in [[Rowan Joffé]]'s ''[[Brighton Rock (2010 film)|Brighton Rock]]'', a [[crime film]] loosely based on [[Graham Greene]]'s 1938 [[Brighton Rock (novel)|novel]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |title=Helen Mirren: Interview |first=Ben |last=Walters |date=2 June 2015 |magazine=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128223000/http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |archive-date=28 January 2016 }}</ref> The [[film noir]] [[Film premiere|premiered]] at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] in September 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |title=At TIFF: ''Brighton Rock'' Extends the Graham Greene Adaptation Curse |first=Michelle |last=Orange |date=13 September 2010 |website=[[Movieline]] |access-date=27 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916205701/http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |archive-date=16 September 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> where it received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/movies/brighton-rock-film-of-graham-greene-novel-review.html |title=A Meek Rose Amid the Mods and Rockers in an English Resort Town |first=Stephen |last=Holden |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=25 August 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=27 August 2011 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mirren's biggest critical and commercial success of the year was [[Robert Schwentke]]'s ensemble action comedy ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'', based on [[Warren Ellis]]’s graphic novel, in which she portrayed Victoria, an ex-[[MI6]] assassin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |title=Casting Notes: Alan Cumming in Burlesque; Mirren Does Espionage; Dempsey Steals Laughs; Weaver and Shawkat Hit Cedar Rapids |first=Russ |last=Fischer |date=4 November 2009 |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=19 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/2012.09.11-192241/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |archive-date=11 September 2012}}</ref> Mirren was initially hesitant to sign on due to film's graphic violence, but changed her mind upon learning of [[Bruce Willis]]' involvement.<ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |title=Majestic Mirren |first=Emanuel |last=Levy |date=15 October 2010 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |location=London |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Released to positive reviews, it grossed $186.5 million worldwide.<ref name="mojo" >{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2010.htm |title=RED (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Also in 2010, the actor lent her voice to [[Zack Snyder]]'s computer-animated fantasy film ''[[Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole]]'', voicing [[antagonist]] Nyra, a leader of a group of owls. The film grossed $140.1 million on an $80 million budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=guardiansofgahoole.htm |title=Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=15 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's next film was the comedy film ''[[Arthur (2011 film)|Arthur]]'', a remake of the 1981 [[Arthur (1981 film)|film of the same name]], starring [[Russell Brand]] in the lead role. ''Arthur'' received generally negative reviews from critics, who declared it an "irritating, unnecessary remake."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/arthur_2011/ |title=Arthur (2011) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> In preparation for her role as a retired Israeli [[Mossad]] agent in the film ''[[The Debt (2011 film)|The Debt]]'', Mirren reportedly immersed herself in studies of Hebrew language, Jewish history, and [[Holocaust]] writing, including the life of [[Simon Wiesenthal]], while in Israel in 2009 for the filming of some of the movie's scenes. The film is a remake of a [[The Debt (2007 film)|2007 Israeli film of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/mirren-learning-hebrew-for-movie-role_1096343 |title=Mirren Learning Hebrew For Movie Role |date=27 February 2009 |website=[[ContactMusic.com]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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In 2012, Mirren played [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s wife [[Alma Reville]] in the 2012 biopic ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'', directed by [[Sacha Gervasi]] and based on [[Stephen Rebello]]'s non-fiction book ''[[Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho]]''. The film centres on the pair's relationship during the making of ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'', a controversial [[horror film]] that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker's career. It became a moderate arthouse success and garnered a lukewarm critical response from critics, who felt that it suffered from "tonal inconsistency and a lack of truly insightful retrospection."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/hitchcock |title=Hitchcock (2012) |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> Mirren was universally praised, however, with [[Roger Ebert]] noting that the film depended most on her portrayal, which he found to be "warm and effective."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20121120/REVIEWS/121129996 |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=20 November 2012 |title=Hitchcock |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> Her other film that year was ''[[The Door (2012 film)|The Door]]'', a claustrophobic drama film directed by [[István Szabó]], based on the Hungarian novel of the same name. Set at the height of [[communist]] rule in 1960s Hungary, the story of the adaptation centres on the abrasive influence that a mysterious housekeeper wields over her employer and successful novelist, played [[Martina Gedeck]]. Mirren found the role "difficult to play" and cited doing it as "one of the hardest things [she has] ever done."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/mirren-steps-through-a-new-door-20120718-22ahn.html |title=Mirren steps through a new door |first=Philippa |last=Hawker |date=19 July 2012 |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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[[File:HelenMirrenHWOFJan2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren receiving a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013]]<br />
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The following year, Mirren replaced [[Bette Midler]] in [[David Mamet]]'s biographical television film ''[[Phil Spector (film)|Phil Spector]]'' about [[Phil Spector|the American musician]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/22/phil-spector-s-jersey-girl-lawyer-meet-the-real-linda-kenney-baden.html |title=Phil Spector's Jersey Girl Lawyer: Meet the Real Linda Kenney Baden |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |date=22 March 2013 |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> The [[HBO]] film focuses on the relationship between Spector and his defense attorney Linda Kenney Baden, played by Mirren, during the first of his two [[Phil Spector#Murder conviction|murder trials for the death in 2003]] of [[Lana Clarkson]] in his California mansion. ''Spector'' received largely mixed to positive reviews from critics, particularly for Mirren and co-star [[Al Pacino]]'s performances, and was nominated for eleven [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, also winning Mirren a [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie|Screen Actors Guild Award]] at the [[20th Screen Actors Guild Awards|20th awards ceremony]]. The film drew criticism both from Clarkson's family and friends, who charged that the suicide defense was given more merit than it deserved, and from Spector's wife, who argued that Spector was portrayed as a "foul-mouthed megalomaniac" and a "minotaur".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2013/03/15/friends_of_lana_clarkson_protest_hbo_film_phil_spector/ |title=Friends of Lana Clarkson protest HBO film "Phil Spector" |last=Gupta |first=Prachi |date=15 March 2013 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref> Also in 2013, Mirren voiced the character of Dean Abigail Hardscrabble in [[Pixar]]'s computer-animated comedy film ''[[Monsters University]]'', which grossed $743 million against its estimated budget of $200 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monstersinc2.htm |title=Monsters University (2013) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=20 December 2013}}</ref> and reprised her role in the sequel film ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]''.<ref name="Mirren">{{cite web |url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |title=Helen Mirren Says She's Ready For 'Red' Sequel: 'Just Get Me The Script' |last=Warner |first=Kara |date=29 March 2011 |website=[[MTV News]] |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515150701/http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |archive-date=15 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The action comedy received a mixed reviews from film critics, who called it a "lackadaisical sequel",<ref name="TheWrap">{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/red-2-review-bruce-willis-sequel-dies-hard-lands-dull-thud-102681 |title='Red 2' Review: Bruce Willis Sequel Dies Hard, Lands With Dull Thud |last=Gilchrist |first=Todd |date=15 July 2013 |website=[[The Wrap]] |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref> but became another commercial success, making over $140 million worldwide.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=Red 2 (2013) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2.htm |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2014 was the comedy-drama ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' opposite the Indian actor [[Om Puri]]. Directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and produced by [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Oprah Winfrey]], the film is based on [[Richard C. Morais]]' 2010 novel [[The Hundred-Foot Journey|with the same name]] and tells the story of a feud between two adjacent restaurants in a French town. Mirren garnered largely positive reviews for her performance of a snobby restaurateur, a role which she accepted as she was keen to play a French character, reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."<ref name="collider1">{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/helen-mirren-hundred-foot-journey-trumbo-interview/ |title=Helen Mirren Talks 'The Hundred-Foot Journey', Working with Om Puri, What She Looks For in Choosing Projects, 'Trumbo', and More |last1=Roberts |first1=Sheila |date=31 July 2014 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The film earned her another [[Golden Globe]] nomination and became a modest commercial success, grossing $88.9 million worldwide.<ref name=BOM2>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=100foot.htm |title=The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref><br />
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===2015–present===<br />
[[File:The Leisure Seeker 06 (36402080733).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren attending the premiere of ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' at the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
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In 2015, Mirren reunited with her former assistant [[Simon Curtis (filmmaker)|Simon Curtis]] on ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'', co-starring [[Ryan Reynolds]].<ref name="collider1"/> The film was based on the true story of Jewish refugee [[Maria Altmann]], who, together with her young lawyer [[E. Randol Schoenberg|Randy Schoenberg]], fought the Austrian government to be reunited with [[Gustav Klimt]]'s painting of her aunt, the famous ''[[Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gustav-klimt-birthday-woman-in-gold_55a52d3de4b0a47ac15d61af |title=Gustav Klimt Painted Much More Than 'The Woman In Gold' |last1=Valentine |first1=Colin |date=14 July 2015 |website=[[HuffPost]] Arts & Culture |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics, although Mirren and Reynold's performances were widely praised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Woman in Gold (2015) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/woman_in_gold/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> A commercial success, ''Woman in Gold'' became one of the highest-grossing specialty films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/the-20-highest-grossing-indies-of-2015-a-running-list-1 |title=The 20 Highest Grossing Indies of 2015 (A Running List) |first=Kate |last=Erbland |date=29 December 2015 |website=Indiewire |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The same year, Mirren appeared in [[Gavin Hood]]'s thriller ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), in which she played as a military intelligence officer who leads a secret [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone]] mission to capture a terrorist group living in [[Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/aaron-paul-helen-mirren-join-colin-firth-in-thriller-eye-in-the-sky/ |title=Aaron Paul, Helen Mirren Join Colin Firth in Thriller 'Eye in the Sky' |last1=Sneider |first1=Jeff |date=16 May 2014 |website=The Wrap |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Jay Roach]]'s biographical drama ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'', co-starring [[Bryan Cranston]] and [[Diane Lane]]. The actor played [[Hedda Hopper]], the famous actor and [[gossip columnist]], in the film, which received generally positive reviews from critics and garnered her a 14th Golden Globe nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/trumbo/ |title=Trumbo (2015) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2016 was ''[[Collateral Beauty]]'', directed by [[David Frankel]]. Co-Starring [[Will Smith]], [[Keira Knightley]], and [[Kate Winslet]], the ensemble drama follows a man who copes with his daughter's death by writing letters to [[time]], [[death]], and [[love]]. The film earned largely negative reviews from critics, who called it "well-meaning but fundamentally flawed."<ref name="reviews">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/will-smith-collateral-beauty-lowest-box-office-opening-rotten-tomatoes-1201873153/ |title=How Critics' "Schoolyard Assault" On 'Collateral Beauty' Turned Ugly For Will Smith Pic |first=Anthony |last= D'Alessandro |date=18 December 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=reviews2>{{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/12/13/collateral-beauty-reviews-roundup/ |title=Collateral Beauty reviews: Will Smith movie slammed by critics |first=Danielle |last=Jackson |date=13 December 2016 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Mirren narrated ''[[Cries from Syria]]'', a [[documentary film]] about the [[Syrian Civil War]], directed by [[Evgeny Afineevsky]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/markets-festivals/hbo-cries-from-syria-1201957096/ |title=HBO Nabs 'Cries From Syria' Documentary Ahead of Sundance |first=Brent |last=Lang |date=10 January 2017 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> Also that year, she made an uncredited [[cameo appearance]] in [[F. Gary Gray]]'s ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'', the eighth instalment in [[The Fast and the Furious|''The Fast and the Furious'' franchise]], playing Magdalene, the mother of Owen and [[Deckard Shaw]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1635570/how-helen-mirren-ended-up-in-the-fate-of-the-furious-according-to-vin-diesel |title=How Helen Mirren Ended Up In The Fate Of The Furious, According To Vin Diesel |first=Gregory |last=Wakeman |date=14 March 2017 |website=CinemaBlend |access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> Mirren had a larger role in director [[Paolo Virzì]]'s English-language debut ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'', based on the [[The Leisure Seeker (novel)|2009 novel of the same name]]. On set, she was reunited with [[Donald Sutherland]] with whom she had not worked again since ''[[Bethune: The Making of a Hero]]'' (1990),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/cannes-helen-mirren-and-donald-sutherland-to-topline-paolo-virzis-the-leisure-seeker-exclusive-1201772430/ |title=Cannes: Helen Mirren and Donald Sutherland to Topline Paolo Virzì's 'The Leisure Seeker' |first1=Nick |last1=Vivarelli |first2=Elsa |last2=Keslassy |date=12 May 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> portraying a terminally ill couple who escape from their retirement home and take one last cross-country adventure in a vintage van.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-donald-sutherland-team-up-for-the-leisure-seeker-cannes-1201754273/ |title=Helen Mirren & Donald Sutherland Team For 'The Leisure Seeker' – Cannes |first=Ali |last=Jaafar |date=12 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> At the [[75th Golden Globe Awards|75th awards ceremony]], Mirren received her 15th [[Golden Globe]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List |first=Rebecca |last=Rubin |date=11 December 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref><br />
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In 2018, Mirren portrayed heiress [[Sarah Winchester]] in the supernatural horror film ''[[Winchester (film)|Winchester]]'', directed by [[The Spierig Brothers]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-takes-aim-at-playing-firearm-heiress-in-hot-cannes-package-winchester-1201755962/ |title=Helen Mirren Takes Aim At Playing Firearm Heiress In Hot Cannes Package 'Winchester' |first=Mike Jr. |last=Fleming |date=14 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref> In the same year, she starred as Mother Ginger in Disney's adaptation of ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', titled ''[[The Nutcracker and the Four Realms]]'', directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and [[Joe Johnston]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/helen-mirren-nutcracker-disney-1201844942/ |title=Helen Mirren Joins Disney's 'The Nutcracker' |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=25 August 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> In 2019, she appeared in the ensemble film ''[[Berlin, I Love You]]'', the French crime thriller film ''[[Anna (2019 feature film)|Anna]]'', directed and written by [[Luc Besson]], and co-starred in the ''Fast and the Furious'' spin-off ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]''.<ref name="Oct2017V">{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/luc-besson-anna-helen-mirren-luke-evans-1202584144/ |title=Luc Besson Sets Next Film 'Anna' With Helen Mirren, Luke Evans |first1=Elsa |last1=Keslassy |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |date=9 October 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> In March 2021, she was cast as the villain Hespera in the upcoming superhero film ''[[Shazam! Fury of the Gods]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=March 23, 2021 |title='Shazam: Fury Of The Gods': Helen Mirren To Play Villain Hespera In Sequel |url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323221810/https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |archive-date=March 23, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2021 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref><br />
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Mirren is set to portray [[Golda Meir]], prime minister of Israel 1969–1974, in a [[biopic]] entitled ''[[Golda (film)|Golda]]''. As of April 2021, the film was in production.<ref>{{cite news| title=Helen Mirren to Play Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir in Biopic Set During Yom Kippur War| url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2021/04/06/helen-mirren-to-play-israeli-prime-minister-golda-meir-in-biopic-set-during-yom-kippur-war/| access-date=2022-03-01| newspaper=[[Algemeiner Journal]]| location=New York| first=Shiryn| last=Ghermezian| date=6 April 2021| language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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==Television career==<br />
=== ''Prime Suspect'' ===<br />
Mirren is known for her role as detective Jane Tennison in the widely viewed ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', a multiple award-winning television drama series that was noted for its high quality and popularity. Her portrayal of Tennison won her [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] between 1992 and 1994 (making her one of four actors to have received three consecutive [[BAFTA TV Awards]] for a role, alongside [[Robbie Coltrane]], [[Julie Walters]] and [[Michael Gambon]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/dame-helen-mirren-10-things-202365 |title=Dame Helen Mirren: 10 things you need to know about the Oscar nominated actress |date=18 February 2010 |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |location=London |access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> Primarily due to ''Prime Suspect'', in 2006 Mirren came 29th on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]’s poll of [[TV's 50 Greatest Stars]] voted by the British public.<ref name="Poll">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5142726.stm| title=ITV to salute '50 greatest stars'| date=3 July 2006| work=[[BBC News]]| access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><br />
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=== Other roles ===<br />
Mirren's other television performances include ''[[Cousin Bette]]'' (1971); ''[[BBC Television Shakespeare|As You Like It]]'' (1979); ''[[Blue Remembered Hills]]'' (1979); ''[[The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' episode "[[Dead Woman's Shoes (The Twilight Zone)|Dead Woman's Shoes]]" (1985); ''[[The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)|The Passion of Ayn Rand]]'' (1999), where her performance won her an [[Emmy]]; ''[[Door to Door (film)|Door to Door]]'' (2002); and ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' (2003). In 1976, she appeared with [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Alan Bates]] and [[Malcolm McDowell]] in a production of [[Harold Pinter]]'s ''[[The Collection (play)|The Collection]]'' as part of the ''[[Laurence Olivier Presents]]'' series. She also played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in 2005, in the television serial ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'', for [[Channel 4]] and [[HBO]], for which she received an [[Emmy Award]] and a [[Golden Globe Award]]. Mirren won another Emmy Award on 16 September 2007 for her role in ''[[Prime Suspect|Prime Suspect: The Final Act]]'' on PBS in the same category as in 2006. Mirren hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' on 9 April 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://watching-tv.ew.com/2011/04/10/saturday-night-live-helen-mirren-foo-fighters/ |title='Saturday Night Live' recap: Helen Mirren transcended a laugh-lite 'SNL' |last=Tucker |first=Ken |date=10 April 2011 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren figure at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|upright|Waxwork of Mirren at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]<br />
<br />
Mirren lived with Northern Irish actor [[Liam Neeson]] during the early 1980s; they met while working on ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981). When interviewed by [[James Lipton]] for ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]'', Neeson said Mirren was instrumental in him getting an agent.<br />
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Mirren began dating American director [[Taylor Hackford]] in 1986. They were married on 31 December 1997 at the [[Ardersier]] Parish Church near [[Inverness]] in the [[Scottish Highlands]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Dame Helen Mirren fights sewage plant plan in quiet fishing village where she got married |date=30 May 2016 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 January 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> They met on the set of ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985). It is her first marriage and his third (he has two children from his previous marriages). She has no children, stating she has "no maternal instinct whatsoever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/mirren%20i%20have%20no%20maternal%20instinct_1023284 |title=Mirren: 'I Have No Maternal Instinct' |date=26 February 2007 |website=Contactmusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's autobiography, ''In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures'', was published in the UK by [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] in September 2007. Reviewing for ''[[The Stage]]'', John Thaxter wrote: "Sumptuously illustrated, at first sight it looks like another of those photo albums of the stars. But between the pictures there are almost 200 pages of densely printed text, an unusually frank story of her private and professional life, mainly in the theatre, the words clearly Mirren's own, delivered with forthright candour."<ref>{{cite news |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=1 November 2007 |newspaper=The Stage}}</ref><br />
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In 1990, Mirren said in an interview that she was an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sunday Review Pages: Helen Mirren interview |last=Garfield |first=Simon |date=25 November 1990 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |page=27 |quote=Sometimes I feel like a farmer during a war, someone who doesn't know very much about it and carries on digging, hoping for rain. But just the last few days I've had this terrible feeling of... doom. It's a, er, [[Bible|biblical]], kind of [[Old Testament]] feeling. I'm an atheist, but I was suddenly thinking of those stories of the flood and punishment. Because we've become unbelievably greedy and destructive.}}</ref> In the August 2011 issue of ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', she said, "I am quite spiritual. I believed in fairies when I was a child. I still do sort of believe in the fairies. And the leprechauns. But I don't believe in God."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/helen-mirren-quotes-0811 |title=Helen Mirren: What I've Learned |last=Fussman |first=Cal |date=7 July 2011 |magazine=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |access-date=8 January 2013}}</ref><br />
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In a 2008 interview with ''[[GQ]]'', Mirren revealed she was [[date rape]]d as a student, and had often taken [[cocaine]] at parties in her twenties and until the 1980s.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/09/01/helen.mirren.rape/index.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren in date-rape revelation |date=1 September 2008 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref><ref name=indie>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Mirren talks of her date-rapes, then provokes furore with views on sex attackers |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |date=1 September 2008 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref> She stopped using it after reading that [[Klaus Barbie]] made a living from cocaine dealing.<ref name=cnn/><ref name=indie/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7591142.stm |title=Dame Helen in cocaine admission |date=1 September 2008 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901101327/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2008 |title='The Queen' actress Dame Helen Mirren reveals former love of cocaine |last=Simpson |first=Aislinn |date=31 August 2008 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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On 11 May 2010, Mirren attended the unveiling of her waxwork at [[Madame Tussauds]] in London. In 2012, she was among the [[List of cultural icons of England|British cultural icons]] selected by artist Sir [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]] to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork—The Beatles' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' album cover—to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admired.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited |title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday |first=Caroline |last=Davies |date=2 April 2012 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026 |title=Sir Peter Blake's new Beatles' Sgt Pepper's album cover |date=2 April 2012 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2010, she was named Sexiest Woman Alive by ''Esquire'', and in a 2011 photo shoot for the magazine, she stripped down and covered up with the [[Union Jack]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Helen Mirren shows off her patriotism in Esquire photo shoot |date=15 July 2011 |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/helen-mirren-shows-off-her-patriotism-in-esquire-photo-shoot.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAL-vIbYr3zdTdvehdRUc0lnYjJRXjrH4_m5WPohtumjKkQF5ZjHQLJtDu-wBH128akA-SIGhwuqIxJGGVah71ko93k0SrMjCBGWYNe6o4pAX1bMxdQKNuPUDWP0gRMadkT21jNy7mPWtoRB9gY_JEBadANEeCY_pMxeHk9kSdO2G |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref><br />
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In 2013, Mirren was announced as one of several new models for [[Marks & Spencer]]'s "Womanism" campaign. Subtitled "Britain's leading ladies", the campaign featured Mirren alongside British women from various fields, including pop singer [[Ellie Goulding]], double Olympic gold medal-winning boxer [[Nicola Adams]], and writer [[Monica Ali]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/aug/19/marks-spencer-new-ad-annie-leibowitz |title=Marks & Spencer's new ad: what does it mean? |first=Lauren |last=Cochrane |date=19 August 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In March 2013, ''The Guardian'' listed Mirren as one of the 50 Best-Dressed Over 50.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s |title=The 50 best-dressed over 50s |first=Jess |last=Cartner-Morley |date=29 March 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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She told the ''[[Radio Times]]'', "I'm a [[naturism|naturist]] at heart. I love being on beaches where everyone is naked. Ugly people, beautiful people, old people, whatever. It's so unisexual and so liberating."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-09-19/celebrity-nudists-the-stars-who-like-to-let-it-all-hang-out |title=Celebrity nudists: the stars who like to let it all hang out |date=19 September 2014 |magazine=Radio Times |location=London |access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref> In 2004, she was named Naturist of the Year by [[British Naturism]]. She said: "Many thanks to British Naturism for this great honour. I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!"<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |title=Dame Helen Mirren named 'Naturist of the Year' |date=8 January 2012 |publisher=British Naturism |access-date=26 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004094251/http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |archive-date=4 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
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In 2006, Mirren stated that she was never a member of any [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|political party]].<ref name="independent"/> Mirren became a [[U.S. citizen]] in 2017 and voted in her first U.S. election in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/oscar-winner-tahoe-resident-helen-mirren-casts-1st-american-vote |title=Oscar winner, Tahoe resident Helen Mirren casts 1st American vote| date=15 October 2020 |newspaper=Tahoe Daily Tribune |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |newspaper=[[Record-Courier (Nevada)|The Record-Courier]] |location=[[Gardnerville, Nevada]] |title='The Queen' casts her ballot in Minden |date=17 October 2020 |last=Hildebrand |first=Kurt |access-date=18 October 2020 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116061403/https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She supported Patricia Ackerman in her campaign against [[Mark Amodei]] in {{ushr|NV|2}}.<ref name="democrat"/><br />
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In April 2021, she took part in the [[music video]] "La Vacinada" (meaning ''the vaccinated woman'' in broken [[Spanish language]]) of Italian comedian and singer [[Checco Zalone]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/checco-zalone-pokes-fun-at-helen-mirrens-age-in-viral-video-9xgd0q99d| title=Checco Zalone pokes fun at Helen Mirren's age in viral video| newspaper=The Times| location=London| date=1 May 2021| access-date=2 May 2021| url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
In the song and video, Zalone jokes about the fact that, in times of [[Covid-19 pandemic]], it is safer to have an [[affair]] with someone who has already been [[vaccinated]] against the [[virus]], and as [[the elderly]] get vaccinated first, an older partner (played by Mirren in the video) is now the best choice.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='The Telegraph' recap: Helen Mirren joins Italy's best known comic in light-hearted sketch to promote Covid-19 vaccine |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=30 April 2021 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph | location=London |access-date=30 April 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Acting credits ==<br />
{{main|Helen Mirren on screen and stage}}<br />
<br />
==Awards and honours==<br />
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren}}<br />
<br />
Among her major competitive awards, Mirren has won one [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]], four [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA Awards]], three [[Golden Globe Awards]], four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]], and one [[Tony Awards|Tony Award]]. Her numerous honorary awards include the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] and Gala Tribute presented by the [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]].<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/45th-chaplin-award-gala-will-honor-helen-mirren/ |title=45th Chaplin Award Gala Will Honor Helen Mirren |website=Film Society of Lincoln Center |date=14 October 2017 |access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref><br />
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In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]] in December.<ref name="Damehood"/><ref name="Ceremony"/> In January 2009, Mirren was named on ''[[The Times]]''' list of the top 10 British actresses of all time. The list included [[Julie Andrews]], [[Helena Bonham Carter]], [[Judi Dench]] and [[Audrey Hepburn]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5502980.ece |title=The best British film actresses of all time |date=12 January 2009 |newspaper=The Times |location=London | first=James | last=Christopher | access-date=27 May 2020 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of British actors]]<br />
*[[List of British Academy Award nominees and winners]]<br />
*[[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]<br />
*[[List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Notelist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="VF2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/11/helen-mirren-nude-scene |title=Helen Mirren Reveals The One Nude Scene She Didn't Mind Filming |last=Miller |first=Julie |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<ref name="peop_Hele">{{cite web |url=http://www.people.com/article/helen-mirren-talks-nude-scenes |title=Helen Mirren Reveals Her Favorite Nude Scenes Were for Caligula: 'Everyone Was Naked' |last=McNiece |first=Mia |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=People |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Mirren| first=Helen| title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BoEtOA98XQAC| publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]| year=2011| isbn=978-1-4165-7341-8}}<br />
* {{cite book| last=Ward| first=Philip| date=October 25, 2019| title=Becoming Helen Mirren| publisher=Troubador Press| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&q=becoming+helen+mirren| access-date=March 1, 2022}} A survey of the actor's early career.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{sister project links|b=no|commons=Category:Helen Mirren|d=Q349391|n=no|q=Helen Mirren|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|545}}<br />
* {{IBDB name|53256}}<br />
* {{Playbill person|helen-mirren-vault-0000099983}}<br />
* {{Tcmdb name|132793}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|260}}<br />
* {{WorldCat id|lccn-n87-927316}}<br />
* [https://texasarchive.org/2015_01689]{{NYTtopic|people/m/helen_mirren}}<br />
* [https://texasarchive.org/2015_01689 Helen Mirren interviewed by KVUE-TV in1986 about The Mosquito Coast] from [[Texas Archive of the Moving Image]].<br />
<br />
'''Interviews'''<br />
* {{Cite episode |title=Helen Mirren |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p009mk5j |series=Desert Island Discs |series-link=Desert Island Discs |station=BBC Radio 4 |date=3 December 1982}}<br />
* {{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/dame-helen-mirren-im-an-essex-girl-6mh0b6wd3nm |first=Kevin |last=Maher |title=Dame Helen Mirren: I'm an Essex Girl |newspaper=The Times |location=London |date=12 February 2010}}<br />
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{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Awards for Helen Mirren]]<br />
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{{AcademyAwardBestActress 2001-2020}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actress 2000-2019}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{British Academy Television Award for Best Actress 1980-1999}}<br />
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards}}<br />
{{Prix d'interprétation féminine 1980–1999}}<br />
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{DramaDesk PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActress 1976-2000}}<br />
{{European Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{European Film Academy Achievement in World Cinema Award}}<br />
{{Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Lincoln Center Gala Tribute}}<br />
{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureDrama 2001-2020}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressTVMiniseriesFilm}}<br />
{{GoldenOrangeHonoraryAward}}<br />
{{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}}<br />
{{Honorary Golden Bear}}<br />
{{OlivierAward PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress 2001-present}}<br />
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Motion Picture}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Television Miniseries or Film}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Supporting Actress Series Miniseries or Television Film}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleLeadMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleSupportMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleTVMiniseriesMovie}}<br />
{{Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award}}<br />
{{Stanislavsky Award}}<br />
{{St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{TonyAward PlayLeadActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{TFCA Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Volpi Cup for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
{{British Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirren, Helen}}<br />
[[Category:1945 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses awarded British damehoods]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Essex]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Middlesex University]]<br />
[[Category:Audiobook narrators]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]<br />
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[[Category:Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Mirren&diff=1101718131Helen Mirren2022-08-01T13:12:58Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1101700499 by 92.233.224.159 (talk) Someone else ignoring the obvious instructions</p>
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<div>{{short description|English actor}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Dame]]<br />
| name = Helen Mirren<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}}<br />
| image = Helen Mirren-2208 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Mirren in 2020<br />
| alt = Mirren at the 2020 Berlin International Film Festival<br />
| birth_name = Helen Lydia Mironoff<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1945|7|26}}<br />
| birth_place = London, England<!--No boroughs/neighbourhoods, just cities per format.--><br />
| occupation = Actor<!-- READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR and it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --><br />
| citizenship = {{hlist|United Kingdom|United States}}<br />
| years_active = 1965–present<br />
| works = [[Helen Mirren on screen and stage|Full list]]<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Taylor Hackford]]|31 December 1997}}<br />
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Simon Mirren]] (nephew)|[[Tania Mallet]] (cousin)|[[Rio Hackford]] (stepson)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/rio-hackford-dead-mandalorian-1235233527/|title=Rio Hackford, Club Owner and Actor, Dies at 52|first=Pat|last=Saperstein|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=15 April 2022|access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>}}<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Full list]]<br />
| website = {{url|helenmirren.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dame Helen Lydia Mirren''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} ({{nee|'''Mironoff'''}}; born 26 July 1945) is an English<!--as per [[MOS:BIO]]; became notable as English and not British-American--> actor<!--PLEASE READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men (see article history) -->. The recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|numerous accolades]], she is the only performer to have achieved the [[Triple Crown of Acting]] in both the United States and [[Triple Crown (UK entertainment)|the United Kingdom]]. She received an [[Academy Award]] and a [[British Academy Film Award]] for her portrayal of [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'', a [[Tony Award]] and a [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for the same role in ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]'', three [[British Academy Television Awards]] for her performance as DCI Jane Tennison in ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', and four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]] including two for ''Prime Suspect''.<br />
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Mirren's stage performance as [[Cleopatra]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[National Youth Theatre]] in 1965 provided her an opportunity to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]], before making her [[West End theatre|West End]] stage debut in 1975. She subsequently went on to achieve success in film and television, appearing in films such as ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001), and ''[[The Last Station]]'' (2009), receiving Academy Award nominations for each of those performances. For her role on ''Prime Suspect,'' which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] (1992, 1993 and 1994)—a record of consecutive wins shared with [[Julie Walters]]—and two [[Primetime Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/helen-mirren |title=Helen Mirren |website=[[Emmy Award]] |access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> She played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), and [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in the film ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006); she is the only actor to have portrayed both of the regnant Elizabeths on screen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Helen Mirren, at 75, remains the queen of acting |url=https://www.dw.com/en/why-helen-mirren-at-75-remains-the-queen-of-acting/a-52429296 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref><br />
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After her breakthrough role in ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980), Mirren appeared in a variety of other films including ''[[Cal (1984 film)|Cal]]'' (1984), for which she won the [[Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress]], ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover]]'' (1989), ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003), ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]'' (2010), ''[[The Debt (2010 film)|The Debt]]'' (2010), ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'' (2012), ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' (2014), ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'' (2015), ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'' (2015), and ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' (2017). She has also appeared in several action films such as ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'' (2010) and its sequel ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]'' (2013), as well as in the ''[[Fast & Furious]]'' film franchise ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'' (2017), ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]'' (2019), and ''[[F9 (film)|F9]]'' (2021).<br />
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In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref name="Damehood">{{London Gazette|issue=56963|supp=y|page=7 |date=14 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Ceremony">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |title=Dame Helen centre stage at palace |date=5 December 2003 |website=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725070213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |archive-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> In 2013 she received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]],<ref name="Walk of fame">{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |title=Helen Mirren Gets Hollywood Walk of Fame Star |date=4 January 2013 |website=[[Sky News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116224406/http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> and in 2014 she received the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]].<ref name="bafta.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/helen-mirren-fellowship-2014,4076,BA.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren&nbsp;– BAFTA Fellow in 2014 |date=26 January 2014 |website=BAFTA |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> In 2021, she was announced as the recipient of the [[Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grater |first1=Tom |title=Helen Mirren To Receive SAG Life Achievement Award |url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/helen-mirren-sag-life-achievement-award-1234876685/ |website=Deadline |date=18 November 2021 |access-date=November 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
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==Early life==<br />
<!-- Although it is common to have an 'a' at the end of a woman's patronymic, when Russian families moved to the UK, they often "froze" their surnames and didn't follow the old patronymic rules any more. The same applies to other nationalities like Icelandic and those from Nordic countries. Had she been born in Russia, Helen Mirren likely would have been named Yelena or Ilyena Vasilyeva Mironova. But she was born in the UK and was named Helen Lydia Mironoff --><br />
Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff at [[Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital]] in the [[Hammersmith]] district of [[London]]<ref name=birth>{{cite web |url=http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=bmd%2fb%2f1945%2f3%2faz%2f000858%2f014 |title=England & Wales births 1837–2006 Transcription |website=[[Findmypast]] |access-date=6 June 2016 |quote=Her birth was registered in the Hammersmith registration district |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='Whenever I see the Queen, I think, "Oh ... there I am"': The right royal progress of Helen Mirren |first=Neil |last=Norman |date=10 March 2013 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> on 26 July 1945,<ref name="biography.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/helen-mirren-547434 |title=Helen Mirren Biography: Actress (1945–) |website=[[Biography.com]] |publisher=[[FYI (TV network)|FYI]]/[[A&E Networks]] |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=ker>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002fa_fact1 |title=Command Performance: The reign of Helen Mirren |last=Lahr |first=John |date=2 October 2006 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=24 October 2010}}</ref> to an English mother and Russian father.<ref name=nationsmemory>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |title=Helen Mirren |website=Nation's Memorybank |access-date=5 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207044313/http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref> Her mother, Kathleen "Kitty" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (née Rogers; 1909–1996), was a working-class woman from [[West Ham]], the thirteenth of fourteen children born to a butcher whose own father was the butcher to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name=nationsmemory/>{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=34}} Mirren's father, Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913–1980), was a member of an exiled family of the [[Russian nobility]]; he was taken to England when he was two by his father, Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov.<ref name=nationsmemory/> Pyotr Mironov, who owned a family estate near Gzhatsk (now [[Gagarin, Smolensk Oblast|Gagarin]]), was part of the Russian aristocracy. His mother, Mirren's great-grandmother, was Countess Lydia Andreevna Kamenskaya, an aristocrat and a descendant of [[Mikhail Kamensky|Count Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky]], a prominent Russian general in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=ker/><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/news/tn-vsl-xpm-2006-09-28-lap-queen0921-story.html| title=Behind the Scene:God Save The Queen| date=28 September 2006| newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Susan E.| last=James}}</ref> Pyotr Mironov served as a colonel in the [[Imperial Russian Army]] and fought in the 1904 [[Russo-Japanese War]]. He became a diplomat and was negotiating an arms deal in Britain when he and his family were stranded by the [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917.<ref name="NYTJacobs">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| title=Helen Mirren Plays Catherine II in the Years That Made Her 'the Great'| date=21 October 2019| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Julia| last=Jacobs| url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |title=Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov Collection: The Russian Government Committee in London (1914–1939) |date=11 September 2009 |website=University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies Library |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> He settled in England and became a London cab driver to support his family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/helen-mirrens-in-the-prime-of-life-7239430.html |title=Helen Mirren's in the prime of life |date=13 July 2017 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Vasily Mironoff also worked as a cab driver and then played the viola with the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] before [[World War II]].<ref name=nationsmemory/> He was an ambulance driver during the war, and served in the [[East End of London]] during [[the Blitz]].{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=22}} He and Kathleen Rogers married in Hammersmith in 1938, and at some point before 1951 he anglicised his first name to Basil.<ref name=Gazette/> Shortly after Helen's birth, her father left the orchestra and returned to driving a cab to support the family. He later worked as a driving-test examiner, then became a civil servant with the [[Department for Transport|Ministry of Transport]].<ref name="biography.com"/><ref name=nationsmemory/> In 1951, he changed the family name to Mirren by [[deed poll]].<ref name=Gazette>{{London Gazette |date=12 October 1951 |issue=39356 |page= 5331 |supp=y}}</ref> Mirren considers her upbringing to have been "very anti-monarchist".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |title=Helen Mirren, British Royal Tea? |first=Natalie |last=Finn |date=26 February 2007 |website=[[E! News]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012090005/http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |archive-date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> She was the second of three children; she has an older sister Katherine ("Kate"; born 1942) and had a younger brother Peter Basil (1947–2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/189510/helen-mirren-fondly-remembers-late-costar-alan-rickman |title=Helen Mirren fondly remembers late costar Alan Rickman |last=Nepales |first=Ruben V. |date=7 February 2016 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |location=Manila |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Her paternal cousin was [[Tania Mallet]], a model and [[Bond girl]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47772012 |title=Goldfinger actress dies aged 77 |date=1 April 2019 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Mirren was brought up in [[Leigh-on-Sea]], Essex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Helen Mirren interview |last=Piccalo |first=Gina |date=7 February 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=6 November 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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Mirren attended Hamlet Court primary school in [[Westcliff-on-Sea]], where she had the lead role in a school production of ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]'',{{sfn|Mirren|2011|pp=47–48}}<ref name=autobiography>{{cite book |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |first=Helen |last=Mirren |date=25 March 2008 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |isbn=978-1-41656-760-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/inframemylifeinw0000mirr }}</ref> and [[St Bernard's High School for Girls]] in [[Southend-on-Sea]], where she also acted in school productions. She subsequently attended a teaching college, the [[Middlesex University|New College of Speech and Drama]] in London, "housed within [[Anna Pavlova]]'s old home, Ivy House" on North End Road. At 18 she successfully auditioned for the [[National Youth Theatre]] (NYT); and at 20, she played [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra]] in the NYT production of ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Old Vic]], a role which she says "launched my career"<ref>{{cite news |title=Fame Academy: Where Daniel Craig, Helen Mirren and Colin Firth learned to act |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=22 April 2020 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and led to her signing with agent [[Albert Parker (director)|Al Parker]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Waterman |first=Ivan |date=2003 |title=Helen Mirren: The Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Metro Books |pages=[https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 18–22, 26–29] |isbn=1843580535 }}</ref><br />
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==Theatre career==<br />
===Early years===<br />
As a result of her work for the National Youth Theatre, Mirren was invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (RSC). While with the RSC, she played Castiza in [[Trevor Nunn]]'s 1966 staging of ''[[The Revenger's Tragedy]]'', Diana in ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (1967), Cressida in ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'' (1968), Rosalind<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |title=Helen Mirren – Biography |website=[[TalkTalk Group|TalkTalk]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233618/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> in ''[[As You Like It]]'' (1968), Julia in ''[[The Two Gentlemen of Verona]]'' (1970), Tatiana in [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]]'s ''Enemies'' at the [[Aldwych Theatre|Aldwych]] (1971), and the title role in ''[[Miss Julie]]'' at [[The Other Place (theatre)|The Other Place]] (1971). She also appeared in four productions, directed by [[Braham Murray]] for Century Theatre at the University Theatre in Manchester, between 1965 and 1967.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Braham |author-link=Braham Murray |year=2007 |title=The Worst It Can Be Is a Disaster |location=London |publisher=Methuen Drama |isbn=978-0-7136-8490-2}}</ref><br />
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In 1970, the director and producer [[John Goldschmidt]] made a documentary film, ''Doing Her Own Thing'', about Mirren during her time with the Royal Shakespeare Company. Made for [[Associated TeleVision|ATV]], it was shown on the ITV network in the UK. In 1972 and 1973, Mirren worked with [[Peter Brook]]'s International Centre for Theatre Research and joined the group's tour in North Africa and the US, during which they created ''[[The Conference of the Birds]]''. She then rejoined the RSC, playing [[Lady Macbeth]] at [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre|Stratford]] in 1974 and at the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in 1975.<br />
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[[Sally Beauman]] reported, in her 1982 history of the RSC, that Mirren — while appearing in Nunn's ''Macbeth'' (1974), and in a letter to ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper — had sharply criticised both the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and the RSC for their lavish production expenditure, declaring it "unnecessary and destructive to the art of the Theatre", and adding, "The realms of truth, emotion and imagination reached for in acting a great play have become more and more remote, often totally unreachable across an abyss of costume and technicalities..." This started a big debate, and led to a question in parliament. There were no discernible repercussions for this rebuke of the RSC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/jul/23/helen-mirren-at-75-michael-billington |title=Helen Mirren at 75: wild costumes, blazing performances – and a spell as a rock banshee |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |first=Michael |last=Billington |date=23 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beauman |first=Sally |author-link=Sally Beauman |date=1982 |title=The Royal Shakespeare Company: A History of Ten Decades |url=https://archive.org/details/royalshakespeare00sall |url-access=registration |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19212-209-4}}</ref><br />
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===West End and RSC===<br />
At the [[West End theatre|West End]]'s [[Royal Court Theatre]] in September 1975, she played the role of a rock star named Maggie in ''[[Teeth 'n' Smiles (play)|Teeth 'n' Smiles]]'', a musical play by [[David Hare (dramatist)|David Hare]]; she reprised the role the following year in a revival of the play at [[Wyndham's Theatre]] in May 1976.<br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren at Met Opera.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the opening of the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in 2008]]<br />
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Beginning in November 1975, Mirren played in West End repertory with the Lyric Theatre Company as Nina in ''[[The Seagull]]'' and Ella in [[Ben Travers]]'s new farce ''The Bed Before Yesterday'' ("Mirren is stirringly voluptuous as the [[Jean Harlow|Harlowesque]] good-time girl": [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]], ''The Guardian''). At the RSC in Stratford in 1977, and at the Aldwych the following year, she played a steely Queen Margaret in [[Terry Hands]]' production of the three parts of ''[[Henry VI (play)|Henry VI]]'', while 1979 saw her 'bursting with grace', and winning acclaim for her performance as Isabella in [[Peter Gill (playwright)|Peter Gill]]'s production of ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' at [[Riverside Studios]].<br />
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In 1981, she returned to the Royal Court for the London premiere of [[Brian Friel]]'s ''[[Faith Healer]]''. That same year she also won acclaim for her performance in the title role of [[John Webster]]'s ''[[The Duchess of Malfi]]'', a production of Manchester's [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange Theatre]] which was later transferred to [[The Roundhouse]] in [[Chalk Farm]], London. Reviewing her portrayal for ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'', [[Francis King]] wrote: "Miss Mirren never leaves it in doubt that even in her absences, this ardent, beautiful woman is the most important character of the story." In her performance as Moll Cutpurse in ''[[The Roaring Girl]]''—at the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre]] in January 1983, and at the [[Barbican Theatre]] in April 1983—she was described as having "swaggered through the action with radiant singularity of purpose, filling in areas of light and shade that even [[Thomas Middleton]] and [[Thomas Dekker (poet)|Thomas Dekker]] omitted."&nbsp;– [[Michael Coveney]], ''[[Financial Times]]'', April 1983.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Philip |title=Becoming Helen Mirren |date=25 October 2019 |publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=becoming+helen+mirren&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjV1O-z-KX2AhWrjYkEHetjDncQ6AF6BAgIEAI#v=onepage&q=roaring%20girl&f=false| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of 1989, Mirren co-starred with [[Bob Peck]] at the [[Young Vic]] in the London premiere of the [[Arthur Miller]] double-bill, ''Two Way Mirror'', performances which prompted Miller to remark: "What is so good about English actors is that they are not afraid of the open expression of large emotions. British actors like to speak. In London, there’s a much more open-hearted kind of exchange between stage and audience" (interview by [[Sheridan Morley]]: ''[[The Times]]'' 11 January 1989).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bigsby |first1=Christopher |title=Arthur Miller: 1962-2005 |date=2011 |publisher=Hachette UK}}</ref> In ''[[Elegy for a Lady]]'' she played the svelte proprietress of a classy boutique, while as the blonde hooker in ''[[Some Kind of Love Story]]'' she was "clad in a Freudian slip and shifting easily from waif-like vulnerability to sexual aggression, giving the role a breathy Monroesque quality".<ref>{{cite news |title=The Coutours of Passion| newspaper=The Guardian| location=London| date=25 January 1989| page=46| last=Billington| first=Michael| url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259882155/ |access-date=22 October 2020 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><br />
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On 15 February 2013, at the West End's [[Gielgud Theatre]] she began a turn as [[Elizabeth II]] in the World Premiere of [[Peter Morgan]]'s ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |title=The Audience |website=Hit The Theatre.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232730/http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> The show was directed by [[Stephen Daldry]]. In April she was named best actress at the [[Olivier Awards]] for her role.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |title=Helen Mirren crowned queen of the stage |date=30 April 2013 |website=[[3 News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233730/http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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===Broadway debut===<br />
A further stage breakthrough came in 1994, in an [[Yvonne Arnaud Theatre]] production bound for the West End, when [[Bill Bryden]] cast her as Natalya Petrovna in [[Ivan Turgenev]]'s ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''. Her co-stars were [[John Hurt]] as her aimless lover Rakitin and [[Joseph Fiennes]] in only his second professional stage appearance as the cocksure young tutor Belyaev.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Month in the Country |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=4 March 1994 |newspaper=[[Richmond & Twickenham Times]] |quote=Instead of a bored Natalya fretting the summer away in dull frocks, Mirren, dazzlingly gowned, is a woman almost wilfully allowing her heart's desire for her son's young tutor to rule her head and wreak domestic havoc....Creamy shoulders bared, she feels free to launch into a gloriously enchanted, dreamily comic self-confession of love.}}</ref><br />
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Prior to 2015, Mirren had twice been nominated for Broadway's [[Tony Award]] for Best Actress in a Play: in 1995 for her Broadway debut in ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/26/theater/theater-review-turgenev-s-inquiry-into-calamitous-love.html |title=Theater Review; Turgenev's Inquiry Into Calamitous Love |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=26 April 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019 |quote=Miss Mirren's performance is bigger and more animated than the one she gave last year in an entirely different London production.}}</ref> and then again in 2002 for ''[[The Dance of Death (Strindberg)|The Dance of Death]]'', co-starring with Sir [[Ian McKellen]], their fraught rehearsal period coinciding with the terrorist attacks on New York on 11 September 2001.<ref name=autobiography/><br />
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On 7 June 2015‚ Mirren won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play‚ for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in ''The Audience'' (a performance which also won her the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best Actress). Her Tony Award win made her one of the few actors to achieve the US “[[Triple Crown of Acting#Helen Mirren|Triple Crown of Acting]]”, joining the ranks of acclaimed performers including [[Ingrid Bergman]]‚ Dame [[Maggie Smith]], and [[Al Pacino]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |work=Huffington Post |title=7 reasons to love Helen Mirren on her 70th birthday |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023072002/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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===National Theatre===<br />
In 1998, Mirren played [[Cleopatra]] to [[Alan Rickman]]'s [[Mark Antony|Antony]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]. The production received poor reviews; ''[[The Guardian]]'' called it "plodding spectacle rarely informed by powerful passion", while ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' said "the crucial sexual chemistry on which any great production ultimately depends is fatally absent".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=A case of hype and fall as Rickman and Mirren are put to the sword |last=Lister |first=David |date=23 October 1998 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2000 [[Nicholas Hytner]], who had worked with Mirren on the film version of ''[[The Madness of King George]]'', cast her as Lady Torrance in his revival of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[Orpheus Descending]]'' at the [[Donmar Warehouse]] in London. Michael Billington, reviewing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', described her performance as "an exemplary study of an immigrant woman who has acquired a patina of resilient toughness but who slowly acknowledges her sensuality."<ref>{{cite news |title=Southern discomfort |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/jun/29/artsfeatures4 |date=28 June 2000 |page=46 |access-date=1 March 2022 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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At the National Theatre in November 2003 she again won praise playing Christine Mannon ("defiantly cool, camp and skittish", ''[[Evening Standard]]''; "glows with mature sexual allure", ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'') in a revival of [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]'' directed by [[Howard Davies (Theatre Director)|Howard Davies]]. "This production was one of the best experiences of my professional life, The play was four and a half hours long, and I have never known that kind of response from an audience ... It was the serendipity of a beautifully cast play, with great design and direction, It will be hard to be in anything better."<ref name=autobiography/> She played the title role in [[Jean Racine]]'s ''[[Phèdre]]'' at the National in 2009, in a production directed by [[Nicholas Hytner]]. The production was also staged at the [[Epidaurus#Theatre|Epidaurus amphitheatre]] on 11 and 12 July 2009.<br />
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==Film career==<br />
Mirren has appeared in a large number of films throughout her career. Some of her earlier film appearances include roles in [[Herostratus (film)|Herostratus]] (1967) Dir. Don Levy, ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)|Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' (1968), ''[[Age of Consent (film)|Age of Consent]]'' (1969), ''[[O Lucky Man!]]'' (1973), ''[[Caligula (film)|Caligula]]'' (1979),<ref name="VF2015" /><ref name="peop_Hele" /> ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980)—co-starring with [[Bob Hoskins]] in what was her breakthrough film role,<ref name="BBC 2014">{{cite news| title=Dame Helen Mirren to receive Bafta fellowship| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-25911227| work=BBC News| date=27 January 2014| access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref> ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981), ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985), ''[[The Mosquito Coast (film)|The Mosquito Coast]]'' (1986), ''[[Pascali's Island (film)|Pascali's Island]]'' (1988) and ''[[When the Whales Came]]'' (1989). She appeared in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Some Mother's Son]]'' (1996), ''[[Painted Lady (mini series)|Painted Lady]]'' (1997) and ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="Mirren roles"/> In [[Peter Greenaway]]'s colorful ''[[The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover]]'', Mirren plays the wife opposite [[Michael Gambon]]. In ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), she plays sadistic history teacher Mrs Eve Tingle.<ref name="Mirren roles">{{cite news |title=All Helen Mirren's 61 movies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/02/all-helen-mirrens-61-movies-ranked |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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In 2007, she claimed that the director [[Michael Winner]] had treated her "like a piece of meat" at a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting call]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=David Cameron keeps his distance from film director Michael Winner |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=3 May 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=30 December 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Asked about the incident, Winner told ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I don't remember asking her to turn around but if I did I wasn't being serious. I was only doing what the [casting] agent asked me&nbsp;– and for this I get reviled! Helen's a lovely person, she's a great actress and I'm a huge fan, but her memory of that moment is a little flawed."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |title=Susan Sarandon, Gwyneth Paltrow, Charlize Theron & More Casting Couch Horror Stories |date=16 November 2012 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020104842/http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |archive-date=20 October 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren continued her successful film career when she starred more recently in ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001) with [[Maggie Smith]] and ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003) with [[Julie Walters]]. Other more recent appearances include ''[[The Clearing (film)|The Clearing]]'' (2004), ''[[Pride (2004 film)|Pride]]'' (2004), ''[[Raising Helen]]'' (2004), and ''[[Shadowboxer]]'' (2005). Mirren also provided the voice for the supercomputer "[[Minor characters from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|Deep Thought]]" in the film adaptation of [[Douglas Adams]]'s ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' (2005). During her career, she has portrayed three British queens in different films and television series: [[Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), and [[Queen Charlotte|Charlotte]] in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994). She is the only actor to have portrayed both Queens Elizabeth on the screen.<ref name="BBC 2014"/><br />
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Mirren's title role of ''The Queen'' earned her numerous acting awards including a [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA]], a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Golden Globe]], and an [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Academy Award]], among many others. During her acceptance speech at the Academy Award ceremony, she praised and thanked Elizabeth II and stated that she had maintained her dignity and weathered many storms during her reign. Mirren later appeared in supporting roles in the films ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]'', ''[[Inkheart (film)|Inkheart]]'', ''[[State of Play (film)|State of Play]]'', and ''[[The Last Station]]'', for which she was nominated for an Oscar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |title=Nominees & Winners for the 82nd Academy Awards |date=24 August 2012 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411210003/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |archive-date=11 April 2010}}</ref><br />
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===2000–2009===<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren at the Orange British Academy Film Awards.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the [[60th British Academy Film Awards]] in 2007, where she won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]]]]<br />
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Mirren's first film of the 2000s was [[Joel Hershman]]'s ''[[Greenfingers]]'' (2000), a comedy based on the true story about the prisoners of [[Leyhill Prison|HMP Leyhill]], a minimum-security prison, who won gardening awards.<ref name="Deitz">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/garden/free-to-grow-bluebells-in-england.html |title=Free to Grow Bluebells in England |last=Deitz |first=Paula |date=16 July 1998 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=13 |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren portrayed a devoted plantswoman in the film, who coaches a team of prison gardeners, led by [[Clive Owen]], to victory at a prestigious flower show.<ref name="Ramsey">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/22/movies/film-never-too-tough-to-be-softened-up-by-a-flower.html |title=Film; Never Too Tough to Be Softened Up by a Flower |last=Ramsey |first=Nancy |page=22 |date=22 July 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> The project received lukewarm reviews, which suggested that it added "nothing new to this already saturated genre" of [[Britcom|British feel-good films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greenfingers/ |title=Greenfingers (2000) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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The same year, she began work on the mystery film ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'', [[Sean Penn]]'s third directorial effort, in which she played a child psychologist. A critical success,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1104203-pledge |title=The Pledge (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> the [[ensemble film]] tanked at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/entertainment/1332122.stm |title=US directors laud Cannes audiences |date=15 May 2001 |website=BBC News |access-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> Also that year, she filmed the American-Icelandic satirical drama ''[[No Such Thing (film)|No Such Thing]]'' opposite [[Sarah Polley]]. Directed by [[Hal Hartley]], Mirren portrayed a soulless television producer in the film, who strives for sensationalistic stories. It was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/no_such_thing/ |title=No Such Thing (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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Her biggest critical and commercial success, released in 2001, became [[Robert Altman]]'s all-star ensemble mystery film ''[[Gosford Park]]''. A [[homage (arts)|homage]] to writer [[Agatha Christie]]'s [[whodunit]] style, the story follows a party of wealthy Britons and an American, and their servants, who gather for a shooting weekend at an [[English country house]], resulting in an unexpected murder. It received multiple awards and nominations, including a second [[Academy Award]] nomination and first [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Screen Actors Guild Award]] win for Mirren's portrayal of the sternly devoted head servant Mrs. Wilson.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/gosford-park-big-winner-article-1.485902 |title='Gosford Park' Big Winner |first=Jack |last=Mathews |date=11 March 2002 |newspaper=New York Daily News |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Fred Schepisi]]'s dramedy film ''[[Last Orders (film)|Last Orders]]'' opposite [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]].<ref name="Mirren roles"/><br />
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In 2003, Mirren starred in [[Nigel Cole]]'s comedy ''[[Calendar Girls]]'', inspired by the true story of a group of [[Yorkshire]] women who produced a [[nude calendar]] to raise money for [[Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research|Leukaemia Research]] under the auspices of the [[Women's Institutes]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/12/23/earlyshow/leisure/main590034.shtml |title=Helen Mirren's ''Calendar Girls'' |first=Rome |last=Neal |date=24 December 2003 |website=[[CBS News]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> Mirren initially was reluctant to join the project, dismissing it as another middling British picture,<ref name="mc1">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504225925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo&feature=related| archive-date=2017-05-04|title=2009&nbsp;– Movie Connections&nbsp;– Calendar Girls (2/4) |author=[[Movie Connections]] |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> but rethought her decision upon learning of the casting of co-star [[Julie Walters]].<ref name="mc1"/> The film was generally well received by critics, and grossed $96 million worldwide.<ref name="bom">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=calendargirls.htm |title=Calendar Girls (2003) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, the picture earned [[Satellite Award|Satellite]], [[Golden Globe]], and [[European Film Award]] nominations for Mirren.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0337909/awards |title=Awards for ''Calendar Girls'' |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> Her other film that year was the [[Showtime Networks|Showtime]] television film ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' opposite [[Olivier Martinez]], and [[Anne Bancroft]], based on the 1950 novel of the same title by [[Tennessee Williams]].<br />
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===2010–2014===<br />
In 2010, Mirren appeared in five films. In ''[[Love Ranch]]'', directed by her husband [[Taylor Hackford]], she portrayed [[Joe Conforte|Sally Conforte]], one half of a married couple who opened the first legal [[brothel]] in the US, the [[Mustang Ranch]] in [[Storey County, Nevada]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/04/helen_mirrens_brothel_movie_to.html |title=Helen Mirren's Brothel Movie to Open |last=Brown |first=Lane |date=6 April 2010 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren starred in the principal role of [[Prospero|Prospera]], the duchess of [[Milan]], in [[Julie Taymor]]'s ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]''. This was based on the [[The Tempest|play of the same name]] by [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]; Taymor changed the original character's gender to cast Mirren as her lead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |title=Mirren 'to star in Tempest film' |date=8 October 2008 |website=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111152135/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |archive-date=11 January 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While the actor garnered strong reviews for her portrayal, the film itself was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tempest |title=The Tempest (2010) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren at the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
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Mirren played a gutsy tea-shop owner who tries to save one of her young employees from marrying a teenage killer in [[Rowan Joffé]]'s ''[[Brighton Rock (2010 film)|Brighton Rock]]'', a [[crime film]] loosely based on [[Graham Greene]]'s 1938 [[Brighton Rock (novel)|novel]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |title=Helen Mirren: Interview |first=Ben |last=Walters |date=2 June 2015 |magazine=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128223000/http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |archive-date=28 January 2016 }}</ref> The [[film noir]] [[Film premiere|premiered]] at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] in September 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |title=At TIFF: ''Brighton Rock'' Extends the Graham Greene Adaptation Curse |first=Michelle |last=Orange |date=13 September 2010 |website=[[Movieline]] |access-date=27 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916205701/http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |archive-date=16 September 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> where it received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/movies/brighton-rock-film-of-graham-greene-novel-review.html |title=A Meek Rose Amid the Mods and Rockers in an English Resort Town |first=Stephen |last=Holden |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=25 August 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=27 August 2011 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mirren's biggest critical and commercial success of the year was [[Robert Schwentke]]'s ensemble action comedy ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'', based on [[Warren Ellis]]’s graphic novel, in which she portrayed Victoria, an ex-[[MI6]] assassin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |title=Casting Notes: Alan Cumming in Burlesque; Mirren Does Espionage; Dempsey Steals Laughs; Weaver and Shawkat Hit Cedar Rapids |first=Russ |last=Fischer |date=4 November 2009 |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=19 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120911192241/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |archive-date=11 September 2012}}</ref> Mirren was initially hesitant to sign on due to film's graphic violence, but changed her mind upon learning of [[Bruce Willis]]' involvement.<ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |title=Majestic Mirren |first=Emanuel |last=Levy |date=15 October 2010 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |location=London |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Released to positive reviews, it grossed $186.5 million worldwide.<ref name="mojo" >{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2010.htm |title=RED (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Also in 2010, the actor lent her voice to [[Zack Snyder]]'s computer-animated fantasy film ''[[Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole]]'', voicing [[antagonist]] Nyra, a leader of a group of owls. The film grossed $140.1 million on an $80 million budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=guardiansofgahoole.htm |title=Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=15 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's next film was the comedy film ''[[Arthur (2011 film)|Arthur]]'', a remake of the 1981 [[Arthur (1981 film)|film of the same name]], starring [[Russell Brand]] in the lead role. ''Arthur'' received generally negative reviews from critics, who declared it an "irritating, unnecessary remake."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/arthur_2011/ |title=Arthur (2011) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> In preparation for her role as a retired Israeli [[Mossad]] agent in the film ''[[The Debt (2011 film)|The Debt]]'', Mirren reportedly immersed herself in studies of Hebrew language, Jewish history, and [[Holocaust]] writing, including the life of [[Simon Wiesenthal]], while in Israel in 2009 for the filming of some of the movie's scenes. The film is a remake of a [[The Debt (2007 film)|2007 Israeli film of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/mirren-learning-hebrew-for-movie-role_1096343 |title=Mirren Learning Hebrew For Movie Role |date=27 February 2009 |website=[[ContactMusic.com]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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In 2012, Mirren played [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s wife [[Alma Reville]] in the 2012 biopic ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'', directed by [[Sacha Gervasi]] and based on [[Stephen Rebello]]'s non-fiction book ''[[Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho]]''. The film centres on the pair's relationship during the making of ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'', a controversial [[horror film]] that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker's career. It became a moderate arthouse success and garnered a lukewarm critical response from critics, who felt that it suffered from "tonal inconsistency and a lack of truly insightful retrospection."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/hitchcock |title=Hitchcock (2012) |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> Mirren was universally praised, however, with [[Roger Ebert]] noting that the film depended most on her portrayal, which he found to be "warm and effective."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20121120/REVIEWS/121129996 |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=20 November 2012 |title=Hitchcock |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> Her other film that year was ''[[The Door (2012 film)|The Door]]'', a claustrophobic drama film directed by [[István Szabó]], based on the Hungarian novel of the same name. Set at the height of [[communist]] rule in 1960s Hungary, the story of the adaptation centres on the abrasive influence that a mysterious housekeeper wields over her employer and successful novelist, played [[Martina Gedeck]]. Mirren found the role "difficult to play" and cited doing it as "one of the hardest things [she has] ever done."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/mirren-steps-through-a-new-door-20120718-22ahn.html |title=Mirren steps through a new door |first=Philippa |last=Hawker |date=19 July 2012 |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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[[File:HelenMirrenHWOFJan2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren receiving a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013]]<br />
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The following year, Mirren replaced [[Bette Midler]] in [[David Mamet]]'s biographical television film ''[[Phil Spector (film)|Phil Spector]]'' about [[Phil Spector|the American musician]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/22/phil-spector-s-jersey-girl-lawyer-meet-the-real-linda-kenney-baden.html |title=Phil Spector's Jersey Girl Lawyer: Meet the Real Linda Kenney Baden |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |date=22 March 2013 |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> The [[HBO]] film focuses on the relationship between Spector and his defense attorney Linda Kenney Baden, played by Mirren, during the first of his two [[Phil Spector#Murder conviction|murder trials for the death in 2003]] of [[Lana Clarkson]] in his California mansion. ''Spector'' received largely mixed to positive reviews from critics, particularly for Mirren and co-star [[Al Pacino]]'s performances, and was nominated for eleven [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, also winning Mirren a [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie|Screen Actors Guild Award]] at the [[20th Screen Actors Guild Awards|20th awards ceremony]]. The film drew criticism both from Clarkson's family and friends, who charged that the suicide defense was given more merit than it deserved, and from Spector's wife, who argued that Spector was portrayed as a "foul-mouthed megalomaniac" and a "minotaur".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2013/03/15/friends_of_lana_clarkson_protest_hbo_film_phil_spector/ |title=Friends of Lana Clarkson protest HBO film "Phil Spector" |last=Gupta |first=Prachi |date=15 March 2013 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref> Also in 2013, Mirren voiced the character of Dean Abigail Hardscrabble in [[Pixar]]'s computer-animated comedy film ''[[Monsters University]]'', which grossed $743 million against its estimated budget of $200 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monstersinc2.htm |title=Monsters University (2013) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=20 December 2013}}</ref> and reprised her role in the sequel film ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]''.<ref name="Mirren">{{cite web |url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |title=Helen Mirren Says She's Ready For 'Red' Sequel: 'Just Get Me The Script' |last=Warner |first=Kara |date=29 March 2011 |website=[[MTV News]] |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515150701/http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |archive-date=15 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The action comedy received a mixed reviews from film critics, who called it a "lackadaisical sequel",<ref name="TheWrap">{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/red-2-review-bruce-willis-sequel-dies-hard-lands-dull-thud-102681 |title='Red 2' Review: Bruce Willis Sequel Dies Hard, Lands With Dull Thud |last=Gilchrist |first=Todd |date=15 July 2013 |website=[[The Wrap]] |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref> but became another commercial success, making over $140 million worldwide.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=Red 2 (2013) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2.htm |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2014 was the comedy-drama ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' opposite the Indian actor [[Om Puri]]. Directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and produced by [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Oprah Winfrey]], the film is based on [[Richard C. Morais]]' 2010 novel [[The Hundred-Foot Journey|with the same name]] and tells the story of a feud between two adjacent restaurants in a French town. Mirren garnered largely positive reviews for her performance of a snobby restaurateur, a role which she accepted as she was keen to play a French character, reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."<ref name="collider1">{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/helen-mirren-hundred-foot-journey-trumbo-interview/ |title=Helen Mirren Talks 'The Hundred-Foot Journey', Working with Om Puri, What She Looks For in Choosing Projects, 'Trumbo', and More |last1=Roberts |first1=Sheila |date=31 July 2014 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The film earned her another [[Golden Globe]] nomination and became a modest commercial success, grossing $88.9 million worldwide.<ref name=BOM2>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=100foot.htm |title=The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref><br />
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===2015–present===<br />
[[File:The Leisure Seeker 06 (36402080733).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren attending the premiere of ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' at the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
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In 2015, Mirren reunited with her former assistant [[Simon Curtis (filmmaker)|Simon Curtis]] on ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'', co-starring [[Ryan Reynolds]].<ref name="collider1"/> The film was based on the true story of Jewish refugee [[Maria Altmann]], who, together with her young lawyer [[E. Randol Schoenberg|Randy Schoenberg]], fought the Austrian government to be reunited with [[Gustav Klimt]]'s painting of her aunt, the famous ''[[Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gustav-klimt-birthday-woman-in-gold_55a52d3de4b0a47ac15d61af |title=Gustav Klimt Painted Much More Than 'The Woman In Gold' |last1=Valentine |first1=Colin |date=14 July 2015 |website=[[HuffPost]] Arts & Culture |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics, although Mirren and Reynold's performances were widely praised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Woman in Gold (2015) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/woman_in_gold/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> A commercial success, ''Woman in Gold'' became one of the highest-grossing specialty films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/the-20-highest-grossing-indies-of-2015-a-running-list-1 |title=The 20 Highest Grossing Indies of 2015 (A Running List) |first=Kate |last=Erbland |date=29 December 2015 |website=Indiewire |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The same year, Mirren appeared in [[Gavin Hood]]'s thriller ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), in which she played as a military intelligence officer who leads a secret [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone]] mission to capture a terrorist group living in [[Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/aaron-paul-helen-mirren-join-colin-firth-in-thriller-eye-in-the-sky/ |title=Aaron Paul, Helen Mirren Join Colin Firth in Thriller 'Eye in the Sky' |last1=Sneider |first1=Jeff |date=16 May 2014 |website=The Wrap |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Jay Roach]]'s biographical drama ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'', co-starring [[Bryan Cranston]] and [[Diane Lane]]. The actor played [[Hedda Hopper]], the famous actor and [[gossip columnist]], in the film, which received generally positive reviews from critics and garnered her a 14th Golden Globe nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/trumbo/ |title=Trumbo (2015) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2016 was ''[[Collateral Beauty]]'', directed by [[David Frankel]]. Co-Starring [[Will Smith]], [[Keira Knightley]], and [[Kate Winslet]], the ensemble drama follows a man who copes with his daughter's death by writing letters to [[time]], [[death]], and [[love]]. The film earned largely negative reviews from critics, who called it "well-meaning but fundamentally flawed."<ref name="reviews">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/will-smith-collateral-beauty-lowest-box-office-opening-rotten-tomatoes-1201873153/ |title=How Critics' "Schoolyard Assault" On 'Collateral Beauty' Turned Ugly For Will Smith Pic |first=Anthony |last= D'Alessandro |date=18 December 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=reviews2>{{cite web |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/12/13/collateral-beauty-reviews-roundup/ |title=Collateral Beauty reviews: Will Smith movie slammed by critics |first=Danielle |last=Jackson |date=13 December 2016 |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Mirren narrated ''[[Cries from Syria]]'', a [[documentary film]] about the [[Syrian Civil War]], directed by [[Evgeny Afineevsky]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/markets-festivals/hbo-cries-from-syria-1201957096/ |title=HBO Nabs 'Cries From Syria' Documentary Ahead of Sundance |first=Brent |last=Lang |date=10 January 2017 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> Also that year, she made an uncredited [[cameo appearance]] in [[F. Gary Gray]]'s ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'', the eighth instalment in [[The Fast and the Furious|''The Fast and the Furious'' franchise]], playing Magdalene, the mother of Owen and [[Deckard Shaw]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1635570/how-helen-mirren-ended-up-in-the-fate-of-the-furious-according-to-vin-diesel |title=How Helen Mirren Ended Up In The Fate Of The Furious, According To Vin Diesel |first=Gregory |last=Wakeman |date=14 March 2017 |website=CinemaBlend |access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> Mirren had a larger role in director [[Paolo Virzì]]'s English-language debut ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'', based on the [[The Leisure Seeker (novel)|2009 novel of the same name]]. On set, she was reunited with [[Donald Sutherland]] with whom she had not worked again since ''[[Bethune: The Making of a Hero]]'' (1990),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/cannes-helen-mirren-and-donald-sutherland-to-topline-paolo-virzis-the-leisure-seeker-exclusive-1201772430/ |title=Cannes: Helen Mirren and Donald Sutherland to Topline Paolo Virzì's 'The Leisure Seeker' |first1=Nick |last1=Vivarelli |first2=Elsa |last2=Keslassy |date=12 May 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> portraying a terminally ill couple who escape from their retirement home and take one last cross-country adventure in a vintage van.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-donald-sutherland-team-up-for-the-leisure-seeker-cannes-1201754273/ |title=Helen Mirren & Donald Sutherland Team For 'The Leisure Seeker' – Cannes |first=Ali |last=Jaafar |date=12 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> At the [[75th Golden Globe Awards|75th awards ceremony]], Mirren received her 15th [[Golden Globe]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List |first=Rebecca |last=Rubin |date=11 December 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref><br />
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In 2018, Mirren portrayed heiress [[Sarah Winchester]] in the supernatural horror film ''[[Winchester (film)|Winchester]]'', directed by [[The Spierig Brothers]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-takes-aim-at-playing-firearm-heiress-in-hot-cannes-package-winchester-1201755962/ |title=Helen Mirren Takes Aim At Playing Firearm Heiress In Hot Cannes Package 'Winchester' |first=Mike Jr. |last=Fleming |date=14 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref> In the same year, she starred as Mother Ginger in Disney's adaptation of ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', titled ''[[The Nutcracker and the Four Realms]]'', directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and [[Joe Johnston]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/helen-mirren-nutcracker-disney-1201844942/ |title=Helen Mirren Joins Disney's 'The Nutcracker' |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=25 August 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> In 2019, she appeared in the ensemble film ''[[Berlin, I Love You]]'', the French crime thriller film ''[[Anna (2019 feature film)|Anna]]'', directed and written by [[Luc Besson]], and co-starred in the ''Fast and the Furious'' spin-off ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]''.<ref name="Oct2017V">{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/luc-besson-anna-helen-mirren-luke-evans-1202584144/ |title=Luc Besson Sets Next Film 'Anna' With Helen Mirren, Luke Evans |first1=Elsa |last1=Keslassy |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |date=9 October 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> In March 2021, she was cast as the villain Hespera in the upcoming superhero film ''[[Shazam! Fury of the Gods]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=March 23, 2021 |title='Shazam: Fury Of The Gods': Helen Mirren To Play Villain Hespera In Sequel |url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323221810/https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |archive-date=March 23, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2021 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref><br />
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Mirren is set to portray [[Golda Meir]], prime minister of Israel 1969–1974, in a [[biopic]] entitled ''[[Golda (film)|Golda]]''. As of April 2021, the film was in production.<ref>{{cite news| title=Helen Mirren to Play Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir in Biopic Set During Yom Kippur War| url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2021/04/06/helen-mirren-to-play-israeli-prime-minister-golda-meir-in-biopic-set-during-yom-kippur-war/| access-date=2022-03-01| newspaper=[[Algemeiner Journal]]| location=New York| first=Shiryn| last=Ghermezian| date=6 April 2021| language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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==Television career==<br />
=== ''Prime Suspect'' ===<br />
Mirren is known for her role as detective Jane Tennison in the widely viewed ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', a multiple award-winning television drama series that was noted for its high quality and popularity. Her portrayal of Tennison won her [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] between 1992 and 1994 (making her one of four actors to have received three consecutive [[BAFTA TV Awards]] for a role, alongside [[Robbie Coltrane]], [[Julie Walters]] and [[Michael Gambon]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/dame-helen-mirren-10-things-202365 |title=Dame Helen Mirren: 10 things you need to know about the Oscar nominated actress |date=18 February 2010 |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |location=London |access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> Primarily due to ''Prime Suspect'', in 2006 Mirren came 29th on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]’s poll of [[TV's 50 Greatest Stars]] voted by the British public.<ref name="Poll">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5142726.stm| title=ITV to salute '50 greatest stars'| date=3 July 2006| work=[[BBC News]]| access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><br />
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=== Other roles ===<br />
Mirren's other television performances include ''[[Cousin Bette]]'' (1971); ''[[BBC Television Shakespeare|As You Like It]]'' (1979); ''[[Blue Remembered Hills]]'' (1979); ''[[The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' episode "[[Dead Woman's Shoes (The Twilight Zone)|Dead Woman's Shoes]]" (1985); ''[[The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)|The Passion of Ayn Rand]]'' (1999), where her performance won her an [[Emmy]]; ''[[Door to Door (film)|Door to Door]]'' (2002); and ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' (2003). In 1976, she appeared with [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Alan Bates]] and [[Malcolm McDowell]] in a production of [[Harold Pinter]]'s ''[[The Collection (play)|The Collection]]'' as part of the ''[[Laurence Olivier Presents]]'' series. She also played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in 2005, in the television serial ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'', for [[Channel 4]] and [[HBO]], for which she received an [[Emmy Award]] and a [[Golden Globe Award]]. Mirren won another Emmy Award on 16 September 2007 for her role in ''[[Prime Suspect|Prime Suspect: The Final Act]]'' on PBS in the same category as in 2006. Mirren hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' on 9 April 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://watching-tv.ew.com/2011/04/10/saturday-night-live-helen-mirren-foo-fighters/ |title='Saturday Night Live' recap: Helen Mirren transcended a laugh-lite 'SNL' |last=Tucker |first=Ken |date=10 April 2011 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren figure at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|upright|Waxwork of Mirren at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]<br />
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Mirren lived with Northern Irish actor [[Liam Neeson]] during the early 1980s; they met while working on ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981). When interviewed by [[James Lipton]] for ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]'', Neeson said Mirren was instrumental in him getting an agent.<br />
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Mirren began dating American director [[Taylor Hackford]] in 1986. They were married on 31 December 1997 at the [[Ardersier]] Parish Church near [[Inverness]] in the [[Scottish Highlands]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Dame Helen Mirren fights sewage plant plan in quiet fishing village where she got married |date=30 May 2016 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 January 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> They met on the set of ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985). It is her first marriage and his third (he has two children from his previous marriages). She has no children, stating she has "no maternal instinct whatsoever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/mirren%20i%20have%20no%20maternal%20instinct_1023284 |title=Mirren: 'I Have No Maternal Instinct' |date=26 February 2007 |website=Contactmusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's autobiography, ''In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures'', was published in the UK by [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] in September 2007. Reviewing for ''[[The Stage]]'', John Thaxter wrote: "Sumptuously illustrated, at first sight it looks like another of those photo albums of the stars. But between the pictures there are almost 200 pages of densely printed text, an unusually frank story of her private and professional life, mainly in the theatre, the words clearly Mirren's own, delivered with forthright candour."<ref>{{cite news |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=1 November 2007 |newspaper=The Stage}}</ref><br />
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In 1990, Mirren said in an interview that she was an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sunday Review Pages: Helen Mirren interview |last=Garfield |first=Simon |date=25 November 1990 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |page=27 |quote=Sometimes I feel like a farmer during a war, someone who doesn't know very much about it and carries on digging, hoping for rain. But just the last few days I've had this terrible feeling of... doom. It's a, er, [[Bible|biblical]], kind of [[Old Testament]] feeling. I'm an atheist, but I was suddenly thinking of those stories of the flood and punishment. Because we've become unbelievably greedy and destructive.}}</ref> In the August 2011 issue of ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', she said, "I am quite spiritual. I believed in fairies when I was a child. I still do sort of believe in the fairies. And the leprechauns. But I don't believe in God."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/helen-mirren-quotes-0811 |title=Helen Mirren: What I've Learned |last=Fussman |first=Cal |date=7 July 2011 |magazine=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |access-date=8 January 2013}}</ref><br />
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In a 2008 interview with ''[[GQ]]'', Mirren revealed she was [[date rape]]d as a student, and had often taken [[cocaine]] at parties in her twenties and until the 1980s.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/09/01/helen.mirren.rape/index.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren in date-rape revelation |date=1 September 2008 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref><ref name=indie>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Mirren talks of her date-rapes, then provokes furore with views on sex attackers |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |date=1 September 2008 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref> She stopped using it after reading that [[Klaus Barbie]] made a living from cocaine dealing.<ref name=cnn/><ref name=indie/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7591142.stm |title=Dame Helen in cocaine admission |date=1 September 2008 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901101327/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2008 |title='The Queen' actress Dame Helen Mirren reveals former love of cocaine |last=Simpson |first=Aislinn |date=31 August 2008 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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On 11 May 2010, Mirren attended the unveiling of her waxwork at [[Madame Tussauds]] in London. In 2012, she was among the [[List of cultural icons of England|British cultural icons]] selected by artist Sir [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]] to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork—The Beatles' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' album cover—to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admired.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited |title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday |first=Caroline |last=Davies |date=2 April 2012 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026 |title=Sir Peter Blake's new Beatles' Sgt Pepper's album cover |date=2 April 2012 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2010, she was named Sexiest Woman Alive by ''Esquire'', and in a 2011 photo shoot for the magazine, she stripped down and covered up with the [[Union Jack]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Helen Mirren shows off her patriotism in Esquire photo shoot |date=15 July 2011 |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/helen-mirren-shows-off-her-patriotism-in-esquire-photo-shoot.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAL-vIbYr3zdTdvehdRUc0lnYjJRXjrH4_m5WPohtumjKkQF5ZjHQLJtDu-wBH128akA-SIGhwuqIxJGGVah71ko93k0SrMjCBGWYNe6o4pAX1bMxdQKNuPUDWP0gRMadkT21jNy7mPWtoRB9gY_JEBadANEeCY_pMxeHk9kSdO2G |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2013, Mirren was announced as one of several new models for [[Marks & Spencer]]'s "Womanism" campaign. Subtitled "Britain's leading ladies", the campaign featured Mirren alongside British women from various fields, including pop singer [[Ellie Goulding]], double Olympic gold medal-winning boxer [[Nicola Adams]], and writer [[Monica Ali]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/aug/19/marks-spencer-new-ad-annie-leibowitz |title=Marks & Spencer's new ad: what does it mean? |first=Lauren |last=Cochrane |date=19 August 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In March 2013, ''The Guardian'' listed Mirren as one of the 50 Best-Dressed Over 50.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s |title=The 50 best-dressed over 50s |first=Jess |last=Cartner-Morley |date=29 March 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
She told the ''[[Radio Times]]'', "I'm a [[naturism|naturist]] at heart. I love being on beaches where everyone is naked. Ugly people, beautiful people, old people, whatever. It's so unisexual and so liberating."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-09-19/celebrity-nudists-the-stars-who-like-to-let-it-all-hang-out |title=Celebrity nudists: the stars who like to let it all hang out |date=19 September 2014 |magazine=Radio Times |location=London |access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref> In 2004, she was named Naturist of the Year by [[British Naturism]]. She said: "Many thanks to British Naturism for this great honour. I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!"<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |title=Dame Helen Mirren named 'Naturist of the Year' |date=8 January 2012 |publisher=British Naturism |access-date=26 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004094251/http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |archive-date=4 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Mirren became a [[U.S. citizen]] in 2017 and voted in her first U.S. election in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/oscar-winner-tahoe-resident-helen-mirren-casts-1st-american-vote |title=Oscar winner, Tahoe resident Helen Mirren casts 1st American vote| date=15 October 2020 |newspaper=Tahoe Daily Tribune |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |newspaper=[[Record-Courier (Nevada)|The Record-Courier]] |location=[[Gardnerville, Nevada]] |title='The Queen' casts her ballot in Minden |date=17 October 2020 |last=Hildebrand |first=Kurt |access-date=18 October 2020 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116061403/https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2021, she took part in the [[music video]] "La Vacinada" (meaning ''the vaccinated woman'' in broken [[Spanish language]]) of Italian comedian and singer [[Checco Zalone]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/checco-zalone-pokes-fun-at-helen-mirrens-age-in-viral-video-9xgd0q99d| title=Checco Zalone pokes fun at Helen Mirren's age in viral video| newspaper=The Times| location=London| date=1 May 2021| access-date=2 May 2021| url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
In the song and video, Zalone jokes about the fact that, in times of [[Covid-19 pandemic]], it is safer to have an [[affair]] with someone who has already been [[vaccinated]] against the [[virus]], and as [[the elderly]] get vaccinated first, an older partner (played by Mirren in the video) is now the best choice.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='The Telegraph' recap: Helen Mirren joins Italy's best known comic in light-hearted sketch to promote Covid-19 vaccine |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=30 April 2021 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph | location=London |access-date=30 April 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Acting credits ==<br />
{{main|Helen Mirren on screen and stage}}<br />
<br />
==Awards and honours==<br />
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren}}<br />
<br />
Among her major competitive awards, Mirren has won one [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]], four [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA Awards]], three [[Golden Globe Awards]], four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]], and one [[Tony Awards|Tony Award]]. Her numerous honorary awards include the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] and Gala Tribute presented by the [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]].<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/45th-chaplin-award-gala-will-honor-helen-mirren/ |title=45th Chaplin Award Gala Will Honor Helen Mirren |website=Film Society of Lincoln Center |date=14 October 2017 |access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]] in December.<ref name="Damehood"/><ref name="Ceremony"/> In January 2009, Mirren was named on ''[[The Times]]''' list of the top 10 British actresses of all time. The list included [[Julie Andrews]], [[Helena Bonham Carter]], [[Judi Dench]] and [[Audrey Hepburn]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5502980.ece |title=The best British film actresses of all time |date=12 January 2009 |newspaper=The Times |location=London | first=James | last=Christopher | access-date=27 May 2020 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of British actors]]<br />
*[[List of British Academy Award nominees and winners]]<br />
*[[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]<br />
*[[List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="VF2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/11/helen-mirren-nude-scene |title=Helen Mirren Reveals The One Nude Scene She Didn't Mind Filming |last=Miller |first=Julie |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<ref name="peop_Hele">{{cite web |url=http://www.people.com/article/helen-mirren-talks-nude-scenes |title=Helen Mirren Reveals Her Favorite Nude Scenes Were for Caligula: 'Everyone Was Naked' |last=McNiece |first=Mia |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=People |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Mirren| first=Helen| title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BoEtOA98XQAC| publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]| year=2011| isbn=978-1-4165-7341-8}}<br />
* {{cite book| last=Ward| first=Philip| date=October 25, 2019| title=Becoming Helen Mirren| publisher=Troubador Press| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=becoming+helen+mirren&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjV1O-z-KX2AhWrjYkEHetjDncQ6AF6BAgIEAI#v=onepage&q=becoming%20helen%20mirren&f=false| access-date=March 1, 2022}} A survey of the actor's early career.<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{sister project links|b=no|commons=Category:Helen Mirren|d=Q349391|n=no|q=Helen Mirren|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|545}}<br />
* {{IBDB name|53256}}<br />
* {{Playbill person|helen-mirren-vault-0000099983}}<br />
* {{Tcmdb name|132793}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|260}}<br />
* {{WorldCat id|lccn-n87-927316}}<br />
* {{NYTtopic|people/m/helen_mirren}}<br />
;''Interviews:''<br />
* {{Cite episode |title=Helen Mirren |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p009mk5j |series=Desert Island Discs |series-link=Desert Island Discs |station=BBC Radio 4 |date=3 December 1982}}<br />
* {{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/dame-helen-mirren-im-an-essex-girl-6mh0b6wd3nm |first=Kevin |last=Maher |title=Dame Helen Mirren: I'm an Essex Girl |newspaper=The Times |location=London |date=12 February 2010}}<br />
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{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Awards for Helen Mirren]]<br />
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{{AcademyAwardBestActress 2001-2020}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actress 2000-2019}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{British Academy Television Award for Best Actress 1980-1999}}<br />
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards}}<br />
{{Prix d'interprétation féminine 1980–1999}}<br />
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{DramaDesk PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActress 1976-2000}}<br />
{{European Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{European Film Academy Achievement in World Cinema Award}}<br />
{{Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Lincoln Center Gala Tribute}}<br />
{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureDrama 2001-2020}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressTVMiniseriesFilm}}<br />
{{GoldenOrangeHonoraryAward}}<br />
{{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}}<br />
{{Honorary Golden Bear}}<br />
{{OlivierAward PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress 2001-present}}<br />
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Motion Picture}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Television Miniseries or Film}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Supporting Actress Series Miniseries or Television Film}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleLeadMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleSupportMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleTVMiniseriesMovie}}<br />
{{Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award}}<br />
{{Stanislavsky Award}}<br />
{{St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{TonyAward PlayLeadActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{TFCA Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Volpi Cup for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
{{British Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirren, Helen}}<br />
[[Category:1945 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses awarded British damehoods]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Essex]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Middlesex University]]<br />
[[Category:Audiobook narrators]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award (television) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actress Golden Globe winners]]<br />
[[Category:British naturists]]<br />
[[Category:Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:English atheists]]<br />
[[Category:English film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Russian descent]]<br />
[[Category:English radio actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English Shakespearean actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English stage actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English voice actresses]]<br />
[[Category:European Film Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:Golden Orange Honorary Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Honorary Golden Bear recipients]]<br />
[[Category:Laurence Olivier Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:National Youth Theatre members]]<br />
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:People from Hammersmith]]<br />
[[Category:People from Westcliff-on-Sea]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]]<br />
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Quayle&diff=1101310449Anthony Quayle2022-07-30T09:57:28Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1101201355 by 84.70.187.69 (talk) Undid nonsense addition</p>
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<div>{{short description|British actor, director (1913–1989)}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Sir]]<br />
| name = Anthony Quayle<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE}}<br />
| image = Anthony Quayle-publicity.jpg <br />
| caption = Quayle in ''[[The Story of David]]'' (1976)<br />
| birth_name = John Anthony Quayle<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1913|9|7|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Ainsdale]],<ref>Ainsdale became part of the County Borough of Southport in 1912</ref> [[Southport]], [[Lancashire]],<ref>Before 1 April 1974 Southport was part of Lancashire</ref> England<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1989|10|20|1913|9|7|df=yes}}<br />
| death_place = [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]], [[London]], England<br />
| years_active = 1935–1989<br />
| occupation = Actor and [[theatre director]]<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Hermione Hannen]]|1935|1941|end=divorced}}<br>{{marriage|[[Dorothy Hyson]]|1947}}<br />
| children = 3 (with Hyson)<br />
}}<br />
'''Sir John Anthony Quayle''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE}} (7 September 1913 – 20 October 1989) was a British actor and theatre director. He was nominated for an [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor|Oscar]] and a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Golden Globe]] for his supporting role as [[Thomas Wolsey]] in the film ''[[Anne of the Thousand Days]]'' (1969). He also played important roles in such major studio productions as ''[[The Guns of Navarone (film)|The Guns of Navarone]]'' (1961), ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)|Lawrence of Arabia]]'' (1962), ''[[The Fall of the Roman Empire (film)|The Fall of the Roman Empire]]'' (1964), ''[[Operation Crossbow (film)|Operation Crossbow]]'' (1965), ''[[QB VII (miniseries)|QB VII]]'' (1974) and ''[[The Eagle Has Landed (film)|The Eagle Has Landed]]'' (1976). Quayle was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] in the [[1985 New Year Honours|1985 New Years Honours List]].<br />
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==Early life==<br />
Quayle was born in [[Ainsdale]],<ref>Ainsdale became part of the County Borough of Southport in 1912</ref> [[Southport]], [[Lancashire]], to a [[Manx people|Manx]] family.<br />
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He was educated at the private [[Abberley Hall School]] and [[Rugby School]] and trained at the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] (RADA) in [[London]]. After appearing in [[music hall]], he joined the [[Old Vic]] in 1932. During [[World War II]], he was a [[British Army]] officer and was made one of the area commanders of the [[Auxiliary Units]] in [[Northumberland]].<ref name="auxiliary units">Auxiliary Units were the "stay-behind forces" put in place in UK in case of a German invasion</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Auxunits in Northumberland |url=http://www.auxunit.org.uk/chronicle240468.htm |newspaper=[[Evening Chronicle]] |location=[[Newcastle upon Tyne]] |date=24 April 1968 |access-date= 15 April 2013}}</ref><br />
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Later he joined the [[Special Operations Executive]] (SOE) and served as a liaison officer with the partisans in [[Albania]] (reportedly, his service with the SOE seriously affected him, and he never felt comfortable talking about it). He described his experiences in a fictional form in ''Eight Hours from England''.<ref name="Eight Hours">{{cite book | first=Anthony | last=Quayle | title=Eight Hours from England | publisher=[[Heinemann (book publisher)|Heinemann]] | location=London | year=1945}}</ref><br />
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He was an aide to the Governor of [[Gibraltar]] at the time of the air crash of General [[Władysław Sikorski]]'s aircraft on 4 July 1943.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sir Anthony Quayle, British Actor And Theater Director, Dies at 76 |first=Glenn |last=Collins |date=21 October 1989 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/21/obituaries/sir-anthony-quayle-british-actor-and-theater-director-dies-at-76.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |page=10 Sec. 1}}</ref> He wrote of his Gibraltar experience in his second novel ''On Such a Night'', published by [[Heinemann (book publisher)|Heinemann]].<br />
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==Career==<br />
From 1948 to 1956 Quayle directed at the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre#History|Shakespeare Memorial Theatre]], and laid the foundations for the creation of the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]]. His own Shakespearian roles included [[Falstaff]], [[Othello]], Benedick in ''[[Much Ado About Nothing]],'' [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] and Aaron in ''[[Titus Andronicus]]'' with [[Laurence Olivier]]; he played Mosca in [[Ben Jonson]]'s ''[[Volpone]]''; and he also appeared in contemporary plays. He played the role of Moses in [[Christopher Fry]]'s play ''The Firstborn'', in a production starring opposite [[Katharine Cornell]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Mosel |first=Tad |title=Leading Lady: The World and Theatre of Katharine Cornell |publisher=Little, Brown |year=1978 |isbn=978-0316585378 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/leadingladyworld00mose }}</ref> He also made an LP with Cornell, in which he played the role of poet [[Robert Browning]] in ''[[The Barretts of Wimpole Street]]''.<ref>Caedmon Publishers, TC-1071 (1957)</ref><br />
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[[File:MINdsc02596.jpg|thumb|[[Sherry]] barrel signed by Anthony Quayle]]<br />
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His first film role was an uncredited brief appearance as an Italian wigmaker in ''[[Pygmalion (1938 film)|Pygmalion]]'' (1938) – subsequent film roles included parts in [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s ''[[The Wrong Man]]'', [[Michael Powell]] and [[Emeric Pressburger]]'s ''[[The Battle of the River Plate (film)|The Battle of the River Plate]]'' (both 1956), ''[[Ice Cold in Alex]]'' (1958), ''[[Tarzan's Greatest Adventure]]'' (1959), ''[[The Guns of Navarone (film)|The Guns of Navarone]]'' (1961), ''[[H.M.S. Defiant]]'', [[David Lean]]'s ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)|Lawrence of Arabia]]'' (both 1962) and ''[[The Fall of the Roman Empire (film)|The Fall of the Roman Empire]]'' (1964). He was nominated for an [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor]] for his role as [[Cardinal Wolsey]] in ''[[Anne of the Thousand Days]]'' (1969).<br />
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Often cast as the decent British officer, Quayle drew upon his own wartime experiences, bringing a degree of authenticity to the parts absent from the performances of some non-combatant stars. One of his best friends from his days at the Old Vic was fellow actor [[Alec Guinness]], who appeared in several films with him. He was also a close friend of [[Jack Hawkins]] and [[Jack Gwillim]]; all four actors appeared in ''Lawrence of Arabia''.<br />
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Quayle made his [[Broadway theatre|Broadway debut]] in ''[[The Country Wife]]'' in 1936. Thirty-four years later, he won critical acclaim for his starring role in the highly successful [[Anthony Shaffer (writer)|Anthony Shaffer]] play ''[[Sleuth (play)|Sleuth]]'', which earned him a [[Drama Desk Award]].<br />
<br />
Television appearances include the ''[[Armchair Theatre]]'' episode "The Scent of Fear" (1959) for [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]], the title role in the drama series ''[[Strange Report]]'' ([[ITC Entertainment|ITC]], 1969) and as French General Villers in the television film adaptation of ''[[The Bourne Identity (1988 film)|The Bourne Identity]]'' (1988). He starred in the miniseries ''[[Masada]]'' (1981) as Rubrius Gallius. Also he narrated the BBC drama serial ''[[The Six Wives of Henry VIII (BBC TV series)|The Six Wives of Henry VIII]]'' (1970), and the acclaimed aviation documentary series ''[[Reaching for the Skies]]'' (1988). Quayle also starred in the 'Last Bottle in The World' episode of [[Tales of the Unexpected (TV series)]] <br />
<br />
Quayle was artist-in-residence at the University of Tennessee in the mid-70s. He came to Knoxville in spring 1974, through a partnership with the Kennedy Center, starring in Henry Denker's ''The Headhunters'', which rehearsed and opened at the Clarence Brown Theatre and then moved on to the Kennedy Center's Eisenhower Theatre. Quayle was appointed as professor in theatre in 1974. He taught classes as an artist in residence and served as artistic director of the Clarence Brown Company—a professional theatre company in residence at UT. He played in ''Everyman'' the same year.<br />
<br />
In 1984, he founded Compass Theatre Company, that he inaugurated with a tour of ''The Clandestine Marriage'', directing and playing the part of Lord Ogleby. This production had a run at the [[Albery Theatre]], London. With the same company he subsequently toured with a number of other plays, including ''[[Saint Joan (play)|Saint Joan]]'', ''Dandy Dick'' and ''[[King Lear]]'' with himself in the title role.<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Quayle married twice. His first wife was the actress [[Hermione Hannen]] (1913–1983); his second and widow was [[Dorothy Hyson]] (1914–1996), known as "Dot" to family and friends. He and Dorothy had two daughters, Jenny and Rosanna, and a son, Christopher.<br />
<br />
Quayle died at his home in [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]] from [[Hepatocellular carcinoma|liver cancer]] on 20 October 1989.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19891022&id=fbQnAAAAIBAJ&sjid=EugDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3747,8494075 "Quayle tough guy on and off screen"], ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'', 22 October 1989, p. 5.</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards and honours==<br />
;Awards (nominations)<br />
* 1959 – [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role]], for: ''[[Ice Cold in Alex]]''<br />
* 1970 – [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture]], for: ''[[Anne of the Thousand Days]]''<br />
* 1970 – [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor]], for: ''Anne of the Thousand Days''<br />
* 1981 – [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie|Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or a Special]], for: ''[[Masada (miniseries)|Masada]]''<br />
* 1989 – [[CableACE Award]] for Best Actor in a Dramatic or Theatrical Special, for: ''The Theban Plays by Sophocles''<br />
<br />
;Awards (won)<br />
* 1975 – [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie|Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy or Drama Special]], for: ''[[QB VII (miniseries)|QB VII]]''<br />
<br />
;Honours<br />
Quayle was appointed a [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) in the [[1952 Birthday Honours]] and [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] in the [[1985 New Year Honours]] for services to the Theatre.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=39555 |date=5 June 1952 |page=3007 |supp=y}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=49969 |date=31 December 1984 |page=2 |supp=y}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
===Film===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Role<br />
! Director<br />
! class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 1935<br />
| ''[[Moscow Nights (1935 film)|Moscow Nights]]''<br />
| Soldier dictating Letter<br />
| [[Anthony Asquith]]<br />
| Uncredited<br />
|-<br />
| 1938<br />
| ''[[Pygmalion (1938 film)|Pygmalion]]''<br />
| Eliza's Hairdresser<br />
| [[Leslie Howard]]<br />
| Uncredited<br />
|-<br />
| 1948<br />
| ''[[Hamlet (1948 film)|Hamlet]]''<br />
| [[Characters in Hamlet#Marcellus, Barnardo and Francisco|Marcellus]]<br />
| [[Laurence Olivier]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1948<br />
| ''[[Saraband for Dead Lovers]]''<br />
| Durer<br />
| [[Basil Dearden]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1949<br />
| ''[[Train of Events]]''<br />
| Violinist<br />
| [[Basil Dearden]]<br />
| Uncredited<br />
|-<br />
| 1955<br />
| ''[[Oh... Rosalinda!!]]''<br />
| Gen. Orlovsky<br />
| [[Emeric Pressburger]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1956<br />
| ''[[The Battle of the River Plate (film)|The Battle of the River Plate]]''<br />
| [[Henry Harwood|Commodore Harwood]]<br />
| [[Emeric Pressburger]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1956<br />
| ''[[The Wrong Man]]''<br />
| Frank D. O'Connor<br />
| [[Alfred Hitchcock]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1957<br />
| ''[[Woman in a Dressing Gown]]''<br />
| Jim Preston<br />
| [[J. Lee Thompson]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1957<br />
| ''[[No Time for Tears (film)|No Time for Tears]]''<br />
| Dr. Graham Seagrave<br />
| [[Cyril Frankel]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1958<br />
| ''[[The Man Who Wouldn't Talk (1958 film)|The Man Who Wouldn't Talk]]''<br />
| Dr. Frank Smith<br />
| [[Herbert Wilcox]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1958<br />
| ''[[Ice Cold in Alex]]''<br />
| Captain van der Poel<br />
| [[J. Lee Thompson]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1959<br />
| ''[[Serious Charge]]''<br />
| Howard Phillips<br />
| [[Terence Young (director)|Terence Young]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1959<br />
| ''[[Tarzan's Greatest Adventure]]''<br />
| Slade<br />
| [[John Guillermin]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1960<br />
| ''[[The Challenge (1960 film)|The Challenge]]''<br />
| Jim<br />
| [[John Gilling]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1961<br />
| ''[[The Guns of Navarone (film)|The Guns of Navarone]]''<br />
| Maj. Roy Franklin<br />
| [[J. Lee Thompson]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1962<br />
| ''[[H.M.S. Defiant]]''<br />
| Vizard<br />
| [[Lewis Gilbert]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1962<br />
| ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)|Lawrence of Arabia]]''<br />
| [[Harry Brighton|Colonel Brighton]]<br />
| [[David Lean]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1964<br />
| ''[[The Fall of the Roman Empire (film)|The Fall of the Roman Empire]]''<br />
| Verulus<br />
| [[Anthony Mann]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1964<br />
| ''[[East of Sudan]]''<br />
| Private Baker<br />
| [[Nathan H. Juran]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1965<br />
| ''[[Operation Crossbow (film)|Operation Crossbow]]''<br />
| Bamford<br />
| [[Michael Anderson (director)|Michael Anderson]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1965<br />
| ''[[A Study in Terror]]''<br />
| Doctor Murray<br />
| [[James Hill (British director)|James Hill]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1966<br />
| ''[[The Poppy Is Also a Flower]]''<br />
| Captain Vanderbilt<br />
| [[Terence Young (director)|Terence Young]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1966<br />
| ''[[Misunderstood (1966 film)|Misunderstood]]''<br />
| Sir John Edward Duncombe<br />
| [[Luigi Comencini]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1969<br />
| ''[[Mackenna's Gold]]''<br />
| Older Englishman<br />
| [[J. Lee Thompson]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1969<br />
| ''[[Before Winter Comes]]''<br />
| Brigadier Bewley<br />
| [[J. Lee Thompson]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1969<br />
| ''[[Anne of the Thousand Days]]''<br />
| [[Thomas Wolsey]]<br />
| [[Charles Jarrott]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1972<br />
| ''[[Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex* (*But Were Afraid to Ask) (film)|Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex* (*But Were Afraid to Ask)]]''<br />
| The King<br />
| [[Woody Allen]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1973<br />
| ''[[Bequest to the Nation (film)|Bequest to the Nation]]''<br />
| Lord Minto<br />
| [[James Cellan Jones]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1974<br />
| ''[[The Tamarind Seed]]''<br />
| Jack Loder<br />
| [[Blake Edwards]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1976<br />
| ''[[The Eagle Has Landed (film)|The Eagle Has Landed]]''<br />
| [[Wilhelm Canaris|Admiral Canaris]]<br />
| [[John Sturges]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1977<br />
| ''[[Holocaust 2000]]''<br />
| Griffith<br />
| [[Alberto De Martino]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1979<br />
| ''[[Murder by Decree]]''<br />
| Sir Charles Warren<br />
| [[Bob Clark]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1988<br />
| ''[[The Legend of the Holy Drinker (film)|The Legend of the Holy Drinker]]''<br />
| The Distinguished Gentleman<br />
| [[Ermanno Olmi]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1988<br />
| ''[[Buster (film)|Buster]]''<br />
| Sir James McDowell<br />
| [[David Green (director)|David Green]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
| 1989<br />
| ''Magdalene''<br />
| Father Noessler<br />
| Monica Teuber<br />
| Posthumous release<br />
|-<br />
| 1990<br />
| ''[[King of the Wind (film)|King of the Wind]]''<br />
| Lord Granville<br />
| [[Peter Duffell]]<br />
| Posthumous release<br />
|-<br />
| 1993<br />
| ''[[The Thief and the Cobbler]]''<br />
| King Nod<br />
| [[Richard Williams (animator)|Richard Williams]]<br />
| Posthumous release, original version, voice<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Television===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Role<br />
! Director<br />
! class="unsortable" | Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 1954<br />
| ''[[Sunday Night Theatre]]''<br />
| [[Othello (character)|Othello]]<br />
| {{N/A}}<br />
| TV series, 1 episode: "We Live to Please"<br />
|-<br />
| 1956<br />
| ''[[Producers' Showcase]]''<br />
| Various<br />
| Various<br />
| TV series, 2 episodes<br />
|-<br />
| 1958<br />
| ''[[Suspicion (American TV series)|Suspicion]]''<br />
| Graham<br />
| [[Jack Smight]]<br />
| TV series, 1 episode: "The Man with the Gun"<br />
|-<br />
| 1959–61<br />
| ''[[Armchair Theatre]]''<br />
| Various<br />
| Various<br />
| TV series, 3 episodes<br />
|-<br />
| 1961<br />
| ''[[BBC Sunday-Night Play]]''<br />
| The General<br />
| Leo Lehmann<br />
| TV series, 1 episode: "A Reason for Staying"<br />
|-<br />
| 1961–65<br />
| ''[[ITV Play of the Week]]''<br />
| Various<br />
| Various<br />
| TV series, 3 episodes<br />
|-<br />
| 1963<br />
| ''[[Man of the World (TV series)|Man of the World]]''<br />
| Dr. Moretti<br />
| [[John Llewellyn Moxey]]<br />
| TV series, 1 episode: "The Enemy"<br />
|-<br />
| 1964<br />
| ''[[Drama 61-67|Drama 64]]''<br />
| Samurai<br />
| [[James Ferman]]<br />
| TV series, 1 episode: "Miss Hanago"<br />
|-<br />
| 1964<br />
| ''[[Espionage (TV series)|Espionage]]''<br />
| Philip<br />
| [[Michael Powell]]<br />
| TV series, 1 episode: "A Free Agent"<br />
|-<br />
| 1964<br />
| ''[[The Saint (TV series)|The Saint]]''<br />
| Lord Thornton Yearley<br />
| [[Peter Yates]]<br />
| TV series, 1 episode: "The Noble Sportsman"<br />
|-<br />
| 1966<br />
| ''[[Court Martial (TV series)|Court Martial]]''<br />
| Colonel Julian Rodney<br />
| [[Peter Maxwell]]<br />
| TV series, 1 episode: "The House Where He Lived"<br />
|-<br />
| 1966<br />
| ''[[Barefoot in Athens]]''<br />
| [[Pausanias (king of Sparta)|Pausanias]]<br />
| [[George Schaefer (director)|George Schaefer]]<br />
| TV movie<br />
|-<br />
| 1967<br />
| ''[[Playhouse (British TV series)|Playhouse]]''<br />
| Daniel Bloch<br />
| [[John Gorrie (director)|John Gorrie]]<br />
| TV series, 1 episode: "The Waste Spaces"<br />
|-<br />
| 1968<br />
| ''A Case of Libel''<br />
| Colonel Douglas<br />
| [[Charles Jarrott]]<br />
| TV movie<br />
|-<br />
| 1969<br />
| ''[[Destiny of a Spy]]''<br />
| Colonel Malendin<br />
| [[Boris Sagal]]<br />
| TV movie<br />
|-<br />
| 1969<br />
| ''Red Peppers''<br />
| Mr. Edwards<br />
| [[Michael Mills (British producer)|Michael Mills]]<br />
| TV movie<br />
|-<br />
| 1969–70<br />
| ''[[Strange Report]]''<br />
| Adam Strange<br />
| Various<br />
| TV series<br />
|-<br />
| 1970<br />
| ''[[The Six Wives of Henry VIII (1970 TV series)|The Six Wives of Henry VIII]]''<br />
| Narrator<br />
| [[Naomi Capon]]<br>[[John Glenister]]<br />
| TV series<br />
|-<br />
| 1973<br />
| ''[[Jarrett (film)|Jarrett]]''<br />
| Cosmo Bastrop<br />
| [[Barry Shear]]<br />
| TV movie<br />
|-<br />
| 1974<br />
| ''[[QB VII (miniseries)|QB VII]]''<br />
| Tom Banniester<br />
| [[Tom Gries]]<br />
| Miniseries<br />
|-<br />
| 1974<br />
| ''[[Moses the Lawgiver]]''<br />
| [[Aaron]]<br />
| [[Gianfranco De Bosio]]<br />
| Miniseries<br />
|-<br />
| 1974<br />
| ''[[Great Expectations (1974 film)|Great Expectations]]''<br />
| Jaggers<br />
| [[Joseph Hardy (director)|Joseph Hardy]]<br />
| TV movie<br />
|-<br />
| 1974–75<br />
| ''[[Benjamin Franklin (miniseries)|The Lives of Benjamin Franklin]]''<br />
| Dartmouth<br />
| [[Glenn Jordan]]<br />
| Miniseries, 2 episodes<br />
|-<br />
| 1976<br />
| ''[[The Story of David]]''<br />
| [[King Saul]]<br />
| [[Alex Segal]]<br />
| TV movie<br />
|-<br />
| 1976<br />
| ''[[21 Hours at Munich]]''<br />
| General Zvi Zamir<br />
| [[William A. Graham (director)|William A. Graham]]<br />
| TV movie<br />
|-<br />
| 1978<br />
| ''BBC2 Play of the Week''<br />
| The Old Man<br />
| [[David Jones (director)|David Jones]]<br />
| TV series, 1 episode: "Ice Age"<br />
|-<br />
| 1979<br />
| ''[[Henry IV, Part 1#Adaptations|The First Part of King Henry the Fourth]]''<br />
| [[John Falstaff|Sir John Falstaff]]<br />
| [[David Giles (director)|David Giles]]<br />
| TV movie<br />
|-<br />
| 1979<br />
| ''[[Henry IV, Part 2#Adaptations|The Second Part of King Henry the Fourth]]''<br />
| Sir John Falstaff<br />
| [[David Giles (director)|David Giles]]<br />
| TV movie<br />
|-<br />
| 1981<br />
| ''[[Manions of America]]''<br />
| Lord Montgomery<br />
| [[Charles S. Dubin]]<br>[[Joseph Sargent]]<br />
| Miniseries<br />
|-<br />
| 1981<br />
| ''[[Masada (miniseries)|Masada]]''<br />
| Rubrius Gallus<br />
| [[Boris Sagal]]<br />
| Miniseries<br />
|-<br />
| 1981<br />
| ''[[Tales of the Unexpected (TV series)|Tales of the Unexpected]]''<br />
| Kyros Kassoulas<br />
| [[John Gorrie (director)|John Gorrie]]<br />
| TV series, 1 episode: "The Last Bottle in the World"<br />
|-<br />
| 1981<br />
| ''[[Dial M for Murder#Similar films and remakes|Dial M for Murder]]''<br />
| Insp. Hubbard<br />
| [[Boris Sagal]]<br />
| TV movie<br />
|-<br />
| 1984<br />
| ''[[Lace (miniseries)|Lace]]''<br />
| Dr. Geneste<br />
| [[William Hale (director)|William Hale]]<br />
| Miniseries<br />
|-<br />
| 1984<br />
| ''[[The Last Days of Pompeii (miniseries)|The Last Days of Pompeii]]''<br />
| Quintus<br />
| [[Peter R. Hunt]]<br />
| Miniseries<br />
|-<br />
| 1984<br />
| ''The Testament of John''<br />
| John Douglas<br />
| [[Don Taylor (English director and playwright)|Don Taylor]]<br />
| TV movie<br />
|-<br />
| 1985<br />
| ''[[The Key to Rebecca#Film adaptation|The Key to Rebecca]]''<br />
| Abdullah<br />
| [[David Hemmings]]<br />
| TV movie<br />
|-<br />
| 1986<br />
| ''The Theban Plays by Sophocles''<br />
| [[Oedipus]]<br />
| [[Don Taylor (English director and playwright)|Don Taylor]]<br />
| Miniseries, 1 episode: "Oedipus at Colonus"<br />
|-<br />
| 1988<br />
| ''[[The Bourne Identity (1988 film)|The Bourne Identity]]''<br />
| Gen. François Villiers<br />
| [[Roger Young (director)|Roger Young]]<br />
| TV movie<br />
|-<br />
| 1988<br />
| ''[[Reaching for the Skies]]''<br />
| Narrator<br />
| {{N/A}}<br />
| TV series, documentary<br />
|-<br />
| 1989<br />
| ''[[The Endless Game]]''<br />
| Glanville<br />
| [[Bryan Forbes]]<br />
| Miniseries, 1 episode<br />
|-<br />
| 1989<br />
| ''[[Confessional (TV series)|Confessional]]''<br />
| The Pope<br />
| [[Gordon Flemyng]]<br />
| Posthumous release, miniseries, 2 episodes<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* Information on Quayle's war experience taken from {{cite book | first=Patrick |last=Howarth |title=Undercover| publisher=Routledge |location=London|year=1980|isbn=0-7100-0573-3}} Howarth was an early member of SOE's HQ.<br />
* ''The Wildest Province: SOE in the Land of the Eagle'' (2008), by Roderick Bailey, London: Cape.<br />
* His autobiography: ''Time to Speak'' (1990)<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Portal|Biography}}<br />
* {{IMDb name | id=0703033 | name=Anthony Quayle}}<br />
* {{Screenonline name|id=491735|name=Anthony Quayle}}<br />
* [http://www.bris.ac.uk/theatrecollection/search/people_sub_plays_all?forename=Anthony&amp;surname=QUAYLE&amp;job=Actor&amp;pid=302&image_view=Yesamp;x=19amp;y=17 Performances listed in Theatre Archive University of Bristol]<br />
* [http://www.bris.ac.uk/theatrecollection/search/people_sub_plays_all?forename=Anthony&amp;surname=QUAYLE&amp;job=Director&amp;pid=713&image_view=Yesamp;x=19amp;y=17 Anthony Quayle as director listed in Theatre Archive University of Bristol]<br />
<br />
<!-- Anne of the Thousand Days --><br />
<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
| title = Awards for Anthony Quayle<br />
| list =<br />
{{Distinguished Performance Award}}<br />
{{EmmyAward MiniseriesSupportingActor}}<br />
}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Quayle, Anthony}}<br />
[[Category:1913 births]]<br />
[[Category:1989 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:English male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:English male stage actors]]<br />
[[Category:English male television actors]]<br />
[[Category:English male voice actors]]<br />
[[Category:Deaths from liver cancer]]<br />
[[Category:British Special Operations Executive personnel]]<br />
[[Category:People from Southport]]<br />
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]<br />
[[Category:Actors awarded knighthoods]]<br />
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:English male Shakespearean actors]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Artillery officers]]<br />
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]<br />
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in England]]<br />
[[Category:People educated at Rugby School]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Manx descent]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sabu_(actor)&diff=1100952338Sabu (actor)2022-07-28T14:25:09Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1100946035 by 69.141.28.20 (talk) Undid last edit. A story is a tale, a storey is a floor of a building</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actor (1924–1963)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Sabu Dastagir<br />
| image = Sabu actor.jpg<br />
| caption = Dastagir in the trailer for ''[[Cobra Woman]]'' (1944)<br />
| birth_name = Selar Sabu<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1924|1|27|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Mysore|Karapur, Mysore]],<br/> [[Kingdom of Mysore]],<br/> [[British Raj|British India]] <br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|1963|12|2|1924|1|27|df=yes}}<br />
| death_place = [[Chatsworth, Los Angeles]], California, United States<br />
| other_names = Sabu<br />
| years_active = 1937–1963<br />
| occupation = Actor <br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Marilyn Cooper |1948}}<br />
| children = 2, including [[Paul Sabu]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sabu Dastagir''' (born '''Selar Sabu'''; 27 January 1924&nbsp;– 2 December 1963) was an Indian actor who later gained United States citizenship. Throughout his career he was credited under the name '''Sabu''' and is primarily known for his work in [[1940s in film|films during the 1930s–1940s]] in Britain and the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-17/mysore/38614690_1_elephant-boy-jungle-book-venice-film-festival|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203023733/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-17/mysore/38614690_1_elephant-boy-jungle-book-venice-film-festival|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-12-03|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|title=Meet Sabu, Mysore's elephant boy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-18/bangalore/31360927_1_mysore-elephant-boy-film-critic|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420040241/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-18/bangalore/31360927_1_mysore-elephant-boy-film-critic|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-04-20|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Remembering Sabu, the mahout from Mysore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0754942/bio|title=Sabu|website=IMDb}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/459165/ |title=BFI Screenonline: Sabu (1924-1963) Biography |work=[[Screenonline]]}}</ref> He was inducted into the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 1960.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Born in 1924 in [[Mysore|Karapur, Mysore]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]], then a [[Princely state|Princely State]] of [[British Raj|British India]],<ref name=Izhar>"Quit India": The Image of the Indian Patriot on Commercial British Film and Television, 1956-1985, by Dror Izhar [https://web.archive.org/web/20140202092406/http://www.c-s-p.org/Flyers/978-1-4438-3203-8-sample.pdf page 12].</ref> Sabu was the son of an Indian ''[[mahout]]'' (elephant rider). While most reference books list his full name as "Sabu Dastagir" (which was the name he used legally), research by journalist Philip Leibfried suggests that his full name was in fact Selar Sabu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.powell-pressburger.org/Obits/Sabu/FIR.html |title= SABU |first=Philip |last=Leibfried |work=Films in Review |date=October 1989}}</ref> Sabu's brother, Shaik Dastagir (whose name Leibfried suggests was the source of confusion surrounding Sabu's full name), managed his career.<ref>{{cite book |last = Leibfried |first = Philip |author2=Willits, Malcolm |title = Alexander Korda's "The Thief of Bagdad", An Arabian Fantasy |year = 2004 |publisher = Hollywood, Calif.: Hypostyle Hall Publishers |isbn = 0-9675253-1-4}}</ref> In 1960, his brother Shaik was shot to death at his home during a botched robbery. The perpetrator, 18-year-old Jimmy E. Shields, was a former employee at the brothers' furniture store. He was convicted of involuntary manslaughter and sentenced to 1 to 10 years in prison.<ref>{{cite news |title=Judge Orders 1-10 Years For Dastagir Killer | work=Valley Times |location=[[North Hollywood, Los Angeles]] |access-date=2020-05-22 | via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/580676971/ |pages=2 | url-access=subscription |date=1960-12-10}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
[[File:Sabu Dastagir seated over the nose guns of a US Consolidated B24 Liberator bomber 1941.jpg|thumb|Sabu served in the [[United States Army Air Forces]] during [[World War II]].]]<br />
<br />
When he was 13, Sabu was discovered by documentary filmmaker [[Robert Flaherty]], who cast him in the role of an elephant driver in the 1937 British film ''[[Elephant Boy (film)|Elephant Boy]]''. This was adapted from "[[Toomai of the Elephants]]", a story by [[Rudyard Kipling]]. In 1938 producer [[Alexander Korda]] commissioned [[A E W Mason|A. E. W. Mason]] to write ''[[The Drum (1938 film)|The Drum]]'' as a starring vehicle for the young actor. Sabu is perhaps best known for his role as Abu in the 1940 fantasy adventure film ''[[The Thief of Bagdad (1940 film)|The Thief of Bagdad]]''. Director [[Michael Powell]] said that Sabu had a "wonderful grace" about him.<ref name="DVD">{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Black-Narcissus-The-Criterion-Collection/dp/B00004XQN4|title=Black Narcissus (The Criterion Collection) (2001) DVD commentary|publisher=Criterion|access-date=27 October 2013}}</ref> In 1942, Sabu played another role based on a Kipling story, namely [[Mowgli]] in [[Rudyard Kipling]]'s ''[[Jungle Book (1942 film)|Jungle Book]]'' directed by [[Zoltan Korda]], which was shot entirely in California.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0034928/locations|title=The Jungle Book (1942) - IMDb|via=www.imdb.com}}</ref> He starred alongside [[Maria Montez]] and [[Jon Hall (actor)|Jon Hall]] in three films for [[Universal Pictures]]: ''[[Arabian Nights (1942 film)|Arabian Nights]]'' (1942), ''[[White Savage]]'' (1943) and ''[[Cobra Woman]]'' (1944).<br />
<br />
After becoming an American citizen in 1944, Sabu joined the [[United States Army Air Forces]] and served as a [[tail gunner]] and ball-turret gunner on [[B-24 Liberator]]s. He flew several dozen missions with the [[370th Flight Test Squadron|370th Bombardment Squadron]] of the [[30th Operations Group|307th Bomb Group]] in the [[Pacific War|Pacific]], and was awarded the [[Distinguished Flying Cross (U.S.)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] for his valor and bravery.<ref name="time">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114173420/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,797343-2,00.html People:Reservations]". ''[[TIME]]'', 19 March 1945.</ref> His career declined after [[World War II]] as he was unable to secure equivalent roles in Hollywood that British films had offered. He occasionally did gain significant parts, such as his supporting role in the British film ''[[Black Narcissus]]'' (1947). Through most of the 1950s he starred in largely unsuccessful European films. In 1952, he starred in the [[Harringay Arena#Circuses|Harringay Circus]] with an elephant act.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sabu |first=Philip |last=Leibfried |work=[[National Board of Review#Films in Review|Films in Review]] |date=October 1989}}</ref><br />
<br />
He was considered for the role of Birju in [[Mehboob Khan]]'s 1957 film ''[[Mother India]]'' which would have marked his debut in Hindi films but he was denied a work permit and the role ended up going to [[Sunil Dutt]]. Sabu never got to appear in a film made in his native country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/cinema/the-elephant-boy-from-mysore-who-became-an-international-superstar|title=The Elephant Boy From Mysore who Became an International Superstar|website=The Wire}}</ref> In 1963, he made a comeback to Hollywood with a supporting role in ''[[Rampage (1963 film)|Rampage]]'' opposite [[Robert Mitchum]]. He played another supporting role alongside [[Brian Keith]] in the Disney film ''[[A Tiger Walks]]''. This would turn out to be his final role as he died three months before the film was released.<br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
On 19 October 1948, Sabu married little-known actress Marilyn Cooper<!-- The 'Marilyn Cooper' in Wikipedia is a different Marilyn Cooper --> (whose only film part, as Princess Tara in ''[[Song of India (film)|Song of India]]'' in 1949, was not credited), with whom he had two children. Their marriage lasted until his death.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} Their son [[Paul Sabu]] established the rock band Sabu in the 1980s. Their daughter Jasmine Sabu was an animal trainer for the motion picture industry. She died in 2001.<br />
<br />
Sabu was the subject of a [[paternity (law)|paternity]] suit. A dancer with whom he had appeared in ''Black Narcissus'', Brenda Marian Julier, alleged that he was the father of her daughter Michaela, born in 1948. At the time of the trial, in October 1950, Julier had married Frank Ernst.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1950-10-11|work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |location=Los Angeles, California |pages=Part II, page 7 |no-pp=y|title=Jurors Compare Child With Picture of Sabu |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/385380082/ |url-access=subscription|access-date=2020-03-17 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> The jury found in favor of Sabu by a vote of 9 to 3.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Verdict of Jury Clears Sabu in Paternity Suit |date=1950-10-19|work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |location=Los Angeles, California |pages=Part II, page 1 |no-pp=y|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/385599296/ |url-access=subscription|access-date=2020-03-17 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> However, in March 1952, an appeals court reversed the verdict and ordered a new trial.<ref>{{cite court |litigants=Dastagir v. Dastagir |vol=241 |reporter=P.2d |opinion=809 |court=[[California Courts of Appeal|Cal. Ct. App.]] |date=1952-03-19 |access-date=2020-03-17 |url=https://casetext.com/case/dastagir-v-dastagir |via=Casetext}}</ref> It found that the trial judge's jury instructions were erroneous and prejudicial, and that Sabu's attorney had effectively put Julier on trial.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Decision Reopens Case against Sabu |date=1952-03-21 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |location=Los Angeles, California |pages=Part I, page 17 |no-pp=y|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/380996225/ |url-access=subscription|access-date=2020-03-17 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> The day the 2nd trial was scheduled to begin, in July 1953, Sabu settled the case without admitting paternity. He agreed to defray Julier's costs, set up a trust fund, and pay monthly support until the child reached 21. At that time, Ernst stated his intent to adopt the girl.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Sabu Denies Paternity but Agrees to Aid Child |date=1953-07-16 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |location=Los Angeles, California |pages=Part I, page 15 |no-pp=y|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/386306655/ |url-access=subscription|access-date=2020-03-17 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
In November 1950, a fire destroyed the 2nd storey of his Los Angeles home. Arthur E. Wall and Andre Perez were arrested for arson shortly afterward; Perez pleaded guilty in July 1951. He revealed that he was asked to set the fire by Wall, Sabu's friend, who told him the actor needed the insurance money. Sabu's insurer, [[Northwestern Mutual]], had originally paid out his claim, but sued him in November 1952 after learning about the arson.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Actor Sabu Sued for Recovery of Fire Insurance |date=1952-11-19 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |location=Los Angeles, California |pages=Part I, page 2 |no-pp=y|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/386260873/ |url-access=subscription|access-date=2020-03-17 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Death==<br />
On 2 December 1963, Sabu died suddenly in [[Chatsworth, Los Angeles|Chatsworth, California]], of a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]], a month before his 40th birthday.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-sabu-19631203-story.html|title=From the Archives: Sabu Dies of Heart Attack|date=3 December 1963|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> He is interred at the [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)|Forest Lawn – Hollywood Hills Cemetery]]. His wife said in a television interview that two days before his death, during a routine medical check, his doctor told him: "If all my patients were as healthy as you, I would be out of a job".<br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
[[File:Sabu Buongiorno elefante.jpg|thumbnail|270px|Sabu in ''[[Hello Elephant]]'' (1952)]]<br />
{| class=wikitable width=43%<br />
! width=3%|Year !! width=20%|Title !! width=20%|Role !! width=20%|Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 1937 || ''[[Elephant Boy (film)|Elephant Boy]]'' || Toomai ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1938 || ''[[The Drum (1938 film)|The Drum]]'' || Prince Azim ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1940 || ''[[The Thief of Bagdad (1940 film)|The Thief of Bagdad]]'' || Abu ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2|1942 || ''[[Rudyard Kipling's Jungle Book|Jungle Book]]'' || [[Mowgli]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Arabian Nights (1942 film)|Arabian Nights]]'' || Ali Ben Ali ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1943 || ''[[White Savage]]'' || Orano ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1944 || ''[[Cobra Woman]]'' || Kado ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1946 || ''[[Tangier (1946 film)|Tangier]]'' || Pepe ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2|1947 || ''[[Black Narcissus]]'' || The Young General ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The End of the River]]'' || Manoel ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1948 || ''[[Man-Eater of Kumaon]]'' || Narain ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1949 || ''[[Song of India (film)|Song of India]]'' || Ramdar ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1951 || ''[[Savage Drums]]'' || Tipo Tairu ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=2|1952 || ''[[Hello Elephant]]'' || Sultan of Nagore ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Bagdad'' || ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1954 || ''[[The Treasure of Bengal]]'' || Ainur ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan=3|1956 || ''[[Jaguar (1956 film)|Jaguar]]'' || Juano ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jungle Hell]]'' || rowspan=3|Sabu the Jungle Boy ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''The Black Panther'' || Short<br />
|-<br />
| 1957 || ''[[Sabu and the Magic Ring]]'' ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1960 || ''[[Mistress of the World]]'' || Dr. Lin-Chor ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1963 || ''[[Rampage (1963 film)|Rampage]]'' || Talib ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1964 || ''[[A Tiger Walks]]'' || Ram Singh || (final film role)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
===Bibliography===<br />
* Leibfried, Philip. ''Star of India: The Life and Films of Sabu''. Oklahoma; BearManor Media, 2010.<br />
* Holmstrom, John. ''The Moving Picture Boy: An International Encyclopaedia from 1895 to 1995'', Norwich, Michael Russell, 1996, p.&nbsp;125-126.<br />
* Dye, David. ''Child and Youth Actors: Filmography of Their Entire Careers, 1914-1985''. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 1988, p.&nbsp;207-208.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Commons category|Sabu (actor)}}<br />
* {{IMDb name}}<br />
* {{AFI person|3976-Sabu}}<br />
* {{BFI person|4ce2b9f63c42b}}<br />
* {{Screenonline person|459165}}<br />
* {{TCMDb person}}<br />
* {{AllMovie person|62514}}<br />
* {{TV Guide person|<!--sabu/-->193060}}<br />
* [https://www.virtual-history.com/movie/person/5456/sabu Sabu] at Virtual History<br />
* [http://www.powell-pressburger.org/Obits/Sabu/FIR.html Powell and Pressburger Pages article]<br />
* [https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/2081-eclipse-series-30-sabu Criterion Collection Essay]<br />
* {{discogs artist|Sabu Dastagir}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dastagir, Sabu}}<br />
[[Category:1924 births]]<br />
[[Category:1963 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:American male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II]]<br />
[[Category:American male actors of Indian descent]]<br />
[[Category:People with acquired American citizenship]]<br />
[[Category:British male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:British Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:American Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Mysore]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male child actors]]<br />
[[Category:United States Army Air Forces soldiers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century British male actors]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century American male actors]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:David_Farrar_(actor)&diff=1095334762Talk:David Farrar (actor)2022-06-27T19:23:10Z<p>SteveCrook: </p>
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I'd like to challenge the statement in the "Personal Life" section which states "... in '''1976''', he moved to South Africa".<br />
<br />
I happen to know he and Irene were already in South Africa by at least 1972. They followed Barbara out to South Africa (to Amanzimtoti) sometime after her marriage on 4 June 1966.<br />
<br />
I'm trying to think how I can prove this - I could probably find their residential address in Amanzimtoti, and they'd probably be listed in the telephone directory from around that time. But until I'm next back in Durban, South Africa - can someone provide a source for the statement saying David moved out in 1976?<br />
<br />
Incidentally, it was the same Barbara (now with surname Layne) who posed for the artist Tretchikoff [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Tretchikoff], as mentioned (and illustrated!) at https://www.iol.co.za/capeargus/news/tretchis-muses-toast-immortality-1123332. Should that fact be mentioned, and if so, here? Separate page? Tretchikoff's page?<br />
<br />
[[User:SondarAgain|SondarAgain]] ([[User talk:SondarAgain|talk]]) 13:30, 24 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
: The article actually says "After the death of his wife Irene in 1976, he moved to South Africa to be with their daughter, Barbara". Are you querying that Irene died in 1976 or are you thinking maybe that that was the first time that David went to South Africa? -- [[User:SteveCrook|SteveCrook]] ([[User talk:SteveCrook|talk]]) 15:23, 24 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
::Irene's death is reported correctly, but the Farrars were in South Africa some years before her death.<br />
::I've subsequently found out they came out by mail ship, arriving in Durban in January 1970. The address of the Farrar's property in Amanzimtoti was 22 Athol Paton Drive.<br />
::As I mentioned, nothing I can prove at the moment - but surely something that can be verified by passenger manifests, deed offices and telephone directories.<br />
::But 1976 is certainly not correct... [[User:SondarAgain|SondarAgain]] ([[User talk:SondarAgain|talk]]) 10:30, 25 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::::So why not add a note or correct the statement? (with whatever proof you can find)? -- [[User:SteveCrook|SteveCrook]] ([[User talk:SteveCrook|talk]]) 13:01, 25 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
I've updated the article with references confirming Barbara's surname Layne, and linking her to David Farrar.<br />
<br />
I've also reckon I've found the source of the erroneous emigration date of 1976; the phrasing in the original of this wiki article closely mirrors the phrasing in https://powell-pressburger.org/Reviews/WhereNow/DavidFarrar.html.<br />
<br />
So even though I've now found a source for that date, I still maintain it is incorrect - both David and Irene definitely came out in Jan 1970 on a Union Castle mail ship. (The [[RMS_Pendennis_Castle]] comes to mind, but that point isn't so certain...).<br />
[[User:SondarAgain|SondarAgain]] ([[User talk:SondarAgain|talk]]) 14:57, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
: The site at https://powell-pressburger.org/Reviews/WhereNow/DavidFarrar.html gives its source as "Whatever became of ... David Farrar" in "Whatever became of ..." by: Richard Lamparski, 1986 -- [[User:SteveCrook|SteveCrook]] ([[User talk:SteveCrook|talk]]) 19:23, 27 June 2022 (UTC)</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:David_Farrar_(actor)&diff=1094938105Talk:David Farrar (actor)2022-06-25T13:01:41Z<p>SteveCrook: why not add a note?</p>
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<div>{{WikiProjectBannerShell|1=<br />
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<br />
I'd like to challenge the statement in the "Personal Life" section which states "... in '''1976''', he moved to South Africa".<br />
<br />
I happen to know he and Irene were already in South Africa by at least 1972. They followed Barbara out to South Africa (to Amanzimtoti) sometime after her marriage on 4 June 1966.<br />
<br />
I'm trying to think how I can prove this - I could probably find their residential address in Amanzimtoti, and they'd probably be listed in the telephone directory from around that time. But until I'm next back in Durban, South Africa - can someone provide a source for the statement saying David moved out in 1976?<br />
<br />
Incidentally, it was the same Barbara (now with surname Layne) who posed for the artist Tretchikoff [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Tretchikoff], as mentioned (and illustrated!) at https://www.iol.co.za/capeargus/news/tretchis-muses-toast-immortality-1123332. Should that fact be mentioned, and if so, here? Separate page? Tretchikoff's page?<br />
<br />
[[User:SondarAgain|SondarAgain]] ([[User talk:SondarAgain|talk]]) 13:30, 24 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
: The article actually says "After the death of his wife Irene in 1976, he moved to South Africa to be with their daughter, Barbara". Are you querying that Irene died in 1976 or are you thinking maybe that that was the first time that David went to South Africa? -- [[User:SteveCrook|SteveCrook]] ([[User talk:SteveCrook|talk]]) 15:23, 24 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
::Irene's death is reported correctly, but the Farrars were in South Africa some years before her death.<br />
::I've subsequently found out they came out by mail ship, arriving in Durban in January 1970. The address of the Farrar's property in Amanzimtoti was 22 Athol Paton Drive.<br />
::As I mentioned, nothing I can prove at the moment - but surely something that can be verified by passenger manifests, deed offices and telephone directories.<br />
::But 1976 is certainly not correct... [[User:SondarAgain|SondarAgain]] ([[User talk:SondarAgain|talk]]) 10:30, 25 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::::So why not add a note or correct the statement? (with whatever proof you can find)? -- [[User:SteveCrook|SteveCrook]] ([[User talk:SteveCrook|talk]]) 13:01, 25 June 2022 (UTC)</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:David_Farrar_(actor)&diff=1094799467Talk:David Farrar (actor)2022-06-24T15:23:31Z<p>SteveCrook: </p>
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<br />
I'd like to challenge the statement in the "Personal Life" section which states "... in '''1976''', he moved to South Africa".<br />
<br />
I happen to know he and Irene were already in South Africa by at least 1972. They followed Barbara out to South Africa (to Amanzimtoti) sometime after her marriage on 4 June 1966.<br />
<br />
I'm trying to think how I can prove this - I could probably find their residential address in Amanzimtoti, and they'd probably be listed in the telephone directory from around that time. But until I'm next back in Durban, South Africa - can someone provide a source for the statement saying David moved out in 1976?<br />
<br />
Incidentally, it was the same Barbara (now with surname Layne) who posed for the artist Tretchikoff [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Tretchikoff], as mentioned (and illustrated!) at https://www.iol.co.za/capeargus/news/tretchis-muses-toast-immortality-1123332. Should that fact be mentioned, and if so, here? Separate page? Tretchikoff's page?<br />
<br />
[[User:SondarAgain|SondarAgain]] ([[User talk:SondarAgain|talk]]) 13:30, 24 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
: The article actually says "After the death of his wife Irene in 1976, he moved to South Africa to be with their daughter, Barbara". Are you querying that Irene died in 1976 or are you thinking maybe that that was the first time that David went to South Africa? -- [[User:SteveCrook|SteveCrook]] ([[User talk:SteveCrook|talk]]) 15:23, 24 June 2022 (UTC)</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Mirren&diff=1093264220Helen Mirren2022-06-15T14:11:58Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1093245860 by 79.150.38.7 (talk) READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR and it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history)</p>
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<div>{{short description|English actor}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Dame]]<br />
| name = Helen Mirren<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}}<br />
| image = Helen Mirren-2208 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Mirren in 2020<br />
| alt = Mirren at the 2020 Berlin International Film Festival<br />
| birth_name = Helen Lydia Mironoff<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1945|7|26}}<br />
| birth_place = London, England<!--No boroughs/neighbourhoods, just cities per format.--><br />
| occupation = Actor<!-- READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR and it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --><br />
| citizenship = {{hlist|United Kingdom|United States}}<br />
| years_active = 1965–present<br />
| works = [[Helen Mirren on screen and stage|Full list]]<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Taylor Hackford]]|31 December 1997}}<br />
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Simon Mirren]] (nephew)|[[Tania Mallet]] (cousin)|[[Rio Hackford]] (stepson)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/rio-hackford-dead-mandalorian-1235233527/|title=Rio Hackford, Club Owner and Actor, Dies at 52|first=Pat|last=Saperstein|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=15 April 2022|access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>}}<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Full list]]<br />
| website = {{url|helenmirren.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dame Helen Lydia Mirren''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} ({{nee|'''Mironoff'''}}; born 26 July 1945) is an English<!--as per [[MOS:BIO]]; became notable as English and not British-American--> actor<!--PLEASE READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men (see article history) -->. The recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|numerous accolades]], she is the only performer to have achieved the [[Triple Crown of Acting]] in both the United States and [[Triple Crown (UK entertainment)|the United Kingdom]]. She received an [[Academy Award]] and a [[British Academy Film Award]] for her portrayal of [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'', a [[Tony Award]] and a [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for the same role in ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]'', three [[British Academy Television Awards]] for her performance as DCI Jane Tennison in ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', and four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]] including two for ''Prime Suspect''.<br />
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Mirren's stage performance as [[Cleopatra]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[National Youth Theatre]] in 1965 provided her an opportunity to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]], before making her [[West End theatre|West End]] stage debut in 1975. She subsequently went on to achieve success in film and television, appearing in films such as ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001), and ''[[The Last Station]]'' (2009), receiving Academy Award nominations for each of those performances. For her role on ''Prime Suspect,'' which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] (1992, 1993 and 1994)—a record of consecutive wins shared with [[Julie Walters]]—and two [[Primetime Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/helen-mirren |title=Helen Mirren |website=[[Emmy Award]] |access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> She played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), and [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in the film ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006); she is the only actor to have portrayed both of the ''regnant'' Elizabeths on screen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Helen Mirren, at 75, remains the queen of acting |url=https://www.dw.com/en/why-helen-mirren-at-75-remains-the-queen-of-acting/a-52429296 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref><br />
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After her breakthrough role in ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980), Mirren appeared in a variety of other films including ''[[Cal (1984 film)|Cal]]'' (1984), for which she won the [[Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress]], ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover]]'' (1989), ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003), ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]'' (2010), ''[[The Debt (2010 film)|The Debt]]'' (2010), ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'' (2012), ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' (2014), ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'' (2015), ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'' (2015), and ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' (2017). She has also appeared in several action films such as ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'' (2010) and its sequel ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]'' (2013), as well as in the ''[[Fast & Furious]]'' film franchise ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'' (2017), ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]'' (2019), and ''[[F9 (film)|F9]]'' (2021).<br />
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During the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref name="Damehood">{{London Gazette|issue=56963|supp=y|page=7 |date=14 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Ceremony">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |title=Dame Helen centre stage at palace |date=5 December 2003 |website=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725070213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |archive-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> In 2013 she received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]],<ref name="Walk of fame">{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |title=Helen Mirren Gets Hollywood Walk of Fame Star |date=4 January 2013 |website=[[Sky News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116224406/http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> and in 2014 she received the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]].<ref name="bafta.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/helen-mirren-fellowship-2014,4076,BA.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren&nbsp;– BAFTA Fellow in 2014 |date=26 January 2014 |website=BAFTA |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> In 2021, she was announced as the recipient of the [[Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grater |first1=Tom |title=Helen Mirren To Receive SAG Life Achievement Award |url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/helen-mirren-sag-life-achievement-award-1234876685/ |website=Deadline |date=18 November 2021 |access-date=November 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
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==Early life==<br />
<!-- Although it is common to have an 'a' at the end of a woman's patronymic, when Russian families moved to the UK, they often "froze" their surnames and didn't follow the old patronymic rules any more. The same applies to other nationalities like Icelandic and those from Nordic countries. Had she been born in Russia, Helen Mirren likely would have been named Yelena or Ilyena Vasilyeva Mironova. But she was born in the UK and was named Helen Lydia Mironoff --><br />
Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff at [[Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital]] in the [[Hammersmith]] district of [[London]]<ref name=birth>{{cite web |url=http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=bmd%2fb%2f1945%2f3%2faz%2f000858%2f014 |title=England & Wales births 1837–2006 Transcription |website=[[Findmypast]] |access-date=6 June 2016 |quote=Her birth was registered in the Hammersmith registration district |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='Whenever I see the Queen, I think, "Oh ... there I am"': The right royal progress of Helen Mirren |first=Neil |last=Norman |date=10 March 2013 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> on 26 July 1945,<ref name="biography.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/helen-mirren-547434 |title=Helen Mirren Biography: Actress (1945–) |website=[[Biography.com]] |publisher=[[FYI (TV network)|FYI]]/[[A&E Networks]] |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=ker>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002fa_fact1 |title=Command Performance: The reign of Helen Mirren |last=Lahr |first=John |date=2 October 2006 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=24 October 2010}}</ref> to an English mother and Russian father.<ref name=nationsmemory>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |title=Helen Mirren |website=Nation's Memorybank |access-date=5 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207044313/http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref> Her mother, Kathleen "Kitty" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (née Rogers; 1909–1996), was a working-class woman from [[West Ham]], the thirteenth of fourteen children born to a butcher whose own father was the butcher to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name=nationsmemory/>{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=34}} Mirren's father, Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913–1980), was a member of an exiled family of the [[Russian nobility]]; he was taken to England when he was two by his father, Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov.<ref name=nationsmemory/> Pyotr Mironov, who owned a family estate near Gzhatsk (now [[Gagarin, Smolensk Oblast|Gagarin]]), was part of the Russian aristocracy. His mother, Mirren's great-grandmother, was Countess Lydia Andreevna Kamenskaya, an aristocrat and a descendant of [[Mikhail Kamensky|Count Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky]], a prominent Russian general in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=ker/><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/news/tn-vsl-xpm-2006-09-28-lap-queen0921-story.html| title=Behind the Scene:God Save The Queen| date=28 September 2006| newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Susan E.| last=James}}</ref> Pyotr Mironov served as a colonel in the [[Imperial Russian Army]] and fought in the 1904 [[Russo-Japanese War]]. He became a diplomat and was negotiating an arms deal in Britain when he and his family were stranded by the [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917.<ref name="NYTJacobs">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html| title=Helen Mirren Plays Catherine II in the Years That Made Her 'the Great'| date=21 October 2019| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| access-date=12 February 2020| first=Julia| last=Jacobs| url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |title=Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov Collection: The Russian Government Committee in London (1914–1939) |date=11 September 2009 |website=University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies Library |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> He settled in England and became a London cab driver to support his family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/helen-mirrens-in-the-prime-of-life-7239430.html |title=Helen Mirren's in the prime of life |date=13 July 2017 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Vasily Mironoff also worked as a cab driver and then played the viola with the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] before [[World War II]].<ref name=nationsmemory/> He was an ambulance driver during the war, and served in the [[East End of London]] during [[the Blitz]].{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=22}} He and Kathleen Rogers married in Hammersmith in 1938, and at some point before 1951 he anglicised his first name to Basil.<ref name=Gazette/> Shortly after Helen's birth, her father left the orchestra and returned to driving a cab to support the family. He later worked as a driving-test examiner, then became a civil servant with the [[Department for Transport|Ministry of Transport]].<ref name="biography.com"/><ref name=nationsmemory/> In 1951, he changed the family name to Mirren by [[deed poll]].<ref name=Gazette>{{London Gazette |date=12 October 1951 |issue=39356 |page= 5331 |supp=y}}</ref> Mirren considers her upbringing to have been "very anti-monarchist".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |title=Helen Mirren, British Royal Tea? |first=Natalie |last=Finn |date=26 February 2007 |website=[[E! News]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012090005/http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |archive-date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> She was the second of three children; she has an older sister Katherine ("Kate"; born 1942) and had a younger brother Peter Basil (1947–2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/189510/helen-mirren-fondly-remembers-late-costar-alan-rickman |title=Helen Mirren fondly remembers late costar Alan Rickman |last=Nepales |first=Ruben V. |date=7 February 2016 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |location=Manila |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Her paternal cousin was [[Tania Mallet]], a model and [[Bond girl]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47772012 |title=Goldfinger actress dies aged 77 |date=1 April 2019 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Mirren was brought up in [[Leigh-on-Sea]], Essex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Helen Mirren interview |last=Piccalo |first=Gina |date=7 February 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=6 November 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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Mirren attended Hamlet Court primary school in [[Westcliff-on-Sea]], where she had the lead role in a school production of ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]'',{{sfn|Mirren|2011|pp=47–48}}<ref name=autobiography>{{cite book |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |first=Helen |last=Mirren |date=25 March 2008 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London |isbn=978-1-41656-760-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/inframemylifeinw0000mirr }}</ref> and [[St Bernard's High School for Girls]] in [[Southend-on-Sea]], where she also acted in school productions. She subsequently attended a teaching college, the [[Middlesex University|New College of Speech and Drama]] in London, "housed within [[Anna Pavlova]]'s old home, Ivy House" on North End Road. At 18 she successfully auditioned for the [[National Youth Theatre]] (NYT); and at 20, she played [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra]] in the NYT production of ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Old Vic]], a role which she says "launched my career"<ref>{{cite news |title=Fame Academy: Where Daniel Craig, Helen Mirren and Colin Firth learned to act |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=22 April 2020 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and led to her signing with agent [[Albert Parker (director)|Al Parker]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Waterman |first=Ivan |date=2003 |title=Helen Mirren: The Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Metro Books |pages=[https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 18–22, 26–29] |isbn=1843580535 }}</ref><br />
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==Theatre career==<br />
===Early years===<br />
As a result of her work for the National Youth Theatre, Mirren was invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (RSC). While with the RSC, she played Castiza in [[Trevor Nunn]]'s 1966 staging of ''[[The Revenger's Tragedy]]'', Diana in ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (1967), Cressida in ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'' (1968), Rosalind<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |title=Helen Mirren – Biography |website=[[TalkTalk Group|TalkTalk]] |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233618/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> in ''[[As You Like It]]'' (1968), Julia in ''[[The Two Gentlemen of Verona]]'' (1970), Tatiana in [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]]'s ''Enemies'' at the [[Aldwych Theatre|Aldwych]] (1971), and the title role in ''[[Miss Julie]]'' at [[The Other Place (theatre)|The Other Place]] (1971). She also appeared in four productions, directed by [[Braham Murray]] for Century Theatre at the University Theatre in Manchester, between 1965 and 1967.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Braham |author-link=Braham Murray |year=2007 |title=The Worst It Can Be Is a Disaster |location=London |publisher=Methuen Drama |isbn=978-0-7136-8490-2}}</ref><br />
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In 1970, the director and producer [[John Goldschmidt]] made a documentary film, ''Doing Her Own Thing'', about Mirren during her time with the Royal Shakespeare Company. Made for [[Associated TeleVision|ATV]], it was shown on the ITV network in the UK. In 1972 and 1973, Mirren worked with [[Peter Brook]]'s International Centre for Theatre Research and joined the group's tour in North Africa and the US, during which they created ''[[The Conference of the Birds]]''. She then rejoined the RSC, playing [[Lady Macbeth]] at [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre|Stratford]] in 1974 and at the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in 1975.<br />
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[[Sally Beauman]] reported, in her 1982 history of the RSC, that Mirren — while appearing in Nunn's ''Macbeth'' (1974), and in a letter to ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper — had sharply criticised both the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and the RSC for their lavish production expenditure, declaring it "unnecessary and destructive to the art of the Theatre", and adding, "The realms of truth, emotion and imagination reached for in acting a great play have become more and more remote, often totally unreachable across an abyss of costume and technicalities..." This started a big debate, and led to a question in parliament. There were no discernible repercussions for this rebuke of the RSC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/jul/23/helen-mirren-at-75-michael-billington |title=Helen Mirren at 75: wild costumes, blazing performances – and a spell as a rock banshee |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |first=Michael |last=Billington |date=23 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beauman |first=Sally |author-link=Sally Beauman |date=1982 |title=The Royal Shakespeare Company: A History of Ten Decades |url=https://archive.org/details/royalshakespeare00sall |url-access=registration |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19212-209-4}}</ref><br />
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===West End and RSC===<br />
At the [[West End theatre|West End]]'s [[Royal Court Theatre]] in September 1975, she played the role of a rock star named Maggie in ''[[Teeth 'n' Smiles (play)|Teeth 'n' Smiles]]'', a musical play by [[David Hare (dramatist)|David Hare]]; she reprised the role the following year in a revival of the play at [[Wyndham's Theatre]] in May 1976.<br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren at Met Opera.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the opening of the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in 2008]]<br />
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Beginning in November 1975, Mirren played in West End repertory with the Lyric Theatre Company as Nina in ''[[The Seagull]]'' and Ella in [[Ben Travers]]'s new farce ''The Bed Before Yesterday'' ("Mirren is stirringly voluptuous as the [[Jean Harlow|Harlowesque]] good-time girl": [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]], ''The Guardian''). At the RSC in Stratford in 1977, and at the Aldwych the following year, she played a steely Queen Margaret in [[Terry Hands]]' production of the three parts of ''[[Henry VI (play)|Henry VI]]'', while 1979 saw her 'bursting with grace', and winning acclaim for her performance as Isabella in [[Peter Gill (playwright)|Peter Gill]]'s production of ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' at [[Riverside Studios]].<br />
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In 1981, she returned to the Royal Court for the London premiere of [[Brian Friel]]'s ''[[Faith Healer]]''. That same year she also won acclaim for her performance in the title role of [[John Webster]]'s ''[[The Duchess of Malfi]]'', a production of Manchester's [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange Theatre]] which was later transferred to [[The Roundhouse]] in [[Chalk Farm]], London. Reviewing her portrayal for ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'', [[Francis King]] wrote: "Miss Mirren never leaves it in doubt that even in her absences, this ardent, beautiful woman is the most important character of the story." In her performance as Moll Cutpurse in ''[[The Roaring Girl]]''—at the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre]] in January 1983, and at the [[Barbican Theatre]] in April 1983—she was described as having "swaggered through the action with radiant singularity of purpose, filling in areas of light and shade that even [[Thomas Middleton]] and [[Thomas Dekker (poet)|Thomas Dekker]] omitted."&nbsp;– [[Michael Coveney]], ''[[Financial Times]]'', April 1983.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Philip |title=Becoming Helen Mirren |date=25 October 2019 |publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=becoming+helen+mirren&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjV1O-z-KX2AhWrjYkEHetjDncQ6AF6BAgIEAI#v=onepage&q=roaring%20girl&f=false| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of 1989, Mirren co-starred with [[Bob Peck]] at the [[Young Vic]] in the London premiere of the [[Arthur Miller]] double-bill, ''Two Way Mirror'', performances which prompted Miller to remark: "What is so good about English actors is that they are not afraid of the open expression of large emotions. British actors like to speak. In London, there’s a much more open-hearted kind of exchange between stage and audience" (interview by [[Sheridan Morley]]: ''[[The Times]]'' 11 January 1989).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bigsby |first1=Christopher |title=Arthur Miller: 1962-2005 |date=2011 |publisher=Hachette UK}}</ref> In ''[[Elegy for a Lady]]'' she played the svelte proprietress of a classy boutique, while as the blonde hooker in ''[[Some Kind of Love Story]]'' she was "clad in a Freudian slip and shifting easily from waif-like vulnerability to sexual aggression, giving the role a breathy Monroesque quality".<ref>{{cite news |title=The Coutours of Passion| newspaper=The Guardian| location=London| date=25 January 1989| page=46| last=Billington| first=Michael| url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259882155/ |access-date=22 October 2020 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><br />
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On 15 February 2013, at the West End's [[Gielgud Theatre]] she began a turn as [[Elizabeth II]] in the World Premiere of [[Peter Morgan]]'s ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |title=The Audience |website=Hit The Theatre.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232730/http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> The show was directed by [[Stephen Daldry]]. In April she was named best actress at the [[Olivier Awards]] for her role.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |title=Helen Mirren crowned queen of the stage |date=30 April 2013 |website=[[3 News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233730/http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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===Broadway debut===<br />
A further stage breakthrough came in 1994, in an [[Yvonne Arnaud Theatre]] production bound for the West End, when [[Bill Bryden]] cast her as Natalya Petrovna in [[Ivan Turgenev]]'s ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''. Her co-stars were [[John Hurt]] as her aimless lover Rakitin and [[Joseph Fiennes]] in only his second professional stage appearance as the cocksure young tutor Belyaev.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Month in the Country |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=4 March 1994 |newspaper=[[Richmond & Twickenham Times]] |quote=Instead of a bored Natalya fretting the summer away in dull frocks, Mirren, dazzlingly gowned, is a woman almost wilfully allowing her heart's desire for her son's young tutor to rule her head and wreak domestic havoc....Creamy shoulders bared, she feels free to launch into a gloriously enchanted, dreamily comic self-confession of love.}}</ref><br />
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Prior to 2015, Mirren had twice been nominated for Broadway's [[Tony Award]] for Best Actress in a Play: in 1995 for her Broadway debut in ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/26/theater/theater-review-turgenev-s-inquiry-into-calamitous-love.html |title=Theater Review; Turgenev's Inquiry Into Calamitous Love |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=26 April 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019 |quote=Miss Mirren's performance is bigger and more animated than the one she gave last year in an entirely different London production.}}</ref> and then again in 2002 for ''[[The Dance of Death (Strindberg)|The Dance of Death]]'', co-starring with Sir [[Ian McKellen]], their fraught rehearsal period coinciding with the terrorist attacks on New York on 11 September 2001.<ref name=autobiography/><br />
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On 7 June 2015‚ Mirren won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play‚ for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in ''The Audience'' (a performance which also won her the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best Actress). Her Tony Award win made her one of the few actors to achieve the US “[[Triple Crown of Acting#Helen Mirren|Triple Crown of Acting]]”, joining the ranks of acclaimed performers including [[Ingrid Bergman]]‚ Dame [[Maggie Smith]], and [[Al Pacino]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |work=Huffington Post |title=7 reasons to love Helen Mirren on her 70th birthday |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023072002/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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===National Theatre===<br />
In 1998, Mirren played [[Cleopatra]] to [[Alan Rickman]]'s [[Mark Antony|Antony]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]. The production received poor reviews; ''[[The Guardian]]'' called it "plodding spectacle rarely informed by powerful passion", while ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' said "the crucial sexual chemistry on which any great production ultimately depends is fatally absent".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=A case of hype and fall as Rickman and Mirren are put to the sword |last=Lister |first=David |date=23 October 1998 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2000 [[Nicholas Hytner]], who had worked with Mirren on the film version of ''[[The Madness of King George]]'', cast her as Lady Torrance in his revival of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[Orpheus Descending]]'' at the [[Donmar Warehouse]] in London. Michael Billington, reviewing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', described her performance as "an exemplary study of an immigrant woman who has acquired a patina of resilient toughness but who slowly acknowledges her sensuality."<ref>{{cite news |title=Southern discomfort |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/jun/29/artsfeatures4 |date=28 June 2000 |page=46 |access-date=1 March 2022 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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At the National Theatre in November 2003 she again won praise playing Christine Mannon ("defiantly cool, camp and skittish", ''[[Evening Standard]]''; "glows with mature sexual allure", ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'') in a revival of [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]'' directed by [[Howard Davies (Theatre Director)|Howard Davies]]. "This production was one of the best experiences of my professional life, The play was four and a half hours long, and I have never known that kind of response from an audience ... It was the serendipity of a beautifully cast play, with great design and direction, It will be hard to be in anything better."<ref name=autobiography/> She played the title role in [[Jean Racine]]'s ''[[Phèdre]]'' at the National in 2009, in a production directed by [[Nicholas Hytner]]. The production was also staged at the [[Epidaurus#Theatre|Epidaurus amphitheatre]] on 11 and 12 July 2009.<br />
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==Film career==<br />
Mirren has appeared in a large number of films throughout her career. Some of her earlier film appearances include roles in [[Herostratus (film)|Herostratus]] (1967) Dir. Don Levy, ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)|Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' (1968), ''[[Age of Consent (film)|Age of Consent]]'' (1969), ''[[O Lucky Man!]]'' (1973), ''[[Caligula (film)|Caligula]]'' (1979),<ref name="VF2015" /><ref name="peop_Hele" /> ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980)—co-starring with [[Bob Hoskins]] in what was her breakthrough film role,<ref name="BBC 2014">{{cite news| title=Dame Helen Mirren to receive Bafta fellowship| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-25911227| work=BBC News| date=27 January 2014| access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref> ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981), ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985), ''[[The Mosquito Coast (film)|The Mosquito Coast]]'' (1986), ''[[Pascali's Island (film)|Pascali's Island]]'' (1988) and ''[[When the Whales Came]]'' (1989). She appeared in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Some Mother's Son]]'' (1996), ''[[Painted Lady (mini series)|Painted Lady]]'' (1997) and ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="Mirren roles"/> In [[Peter Greenaway]]'s colorful ''[[The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover]]'', Mirren plays the wife opposite [[Michael Gambon]]. In ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), she plays sadistic history teacher Mrs Eve Tingle.<ref name="Mirren roles">{{cite news |title=All Helen Mirren's 61 movies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/02/all-helen-mirrens-61-movies-ranked |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref><br />
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In 2007, she claimed that the director [[Michael Winner]] had treated her "like a piece of meat" at a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting call]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=David Cameron keeps his distance from film director Michael Winner |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=3 May 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=30 December 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Asked about the incident, Winner told ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I don't remember asking her to turn around but if I did I wasn't being serious. I was only doing what the [casting] agent asked me&nbsp;– and for this I get reviled! Helen's a lovely person, she's a great actress and I'm a huge fan, but her memory of that moment is a little flawed."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |title=Susan Sarandon, Gwyneth Paltrow, Charlize Theron & More Casting Couch Horror Stories |date=16 November 2012 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020104842/http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |archive-date=20 October 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren continued her successful film career when she starred more recently in ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001) with [[Maggie Smith]] and ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003) with [[Julie Walters]]. Other more recent appearances include ''[[The Clearing (film)|The Clearing]]'' (2004), ''[[Pride (2004 film)|Pride]]'' (2004), ''[[Raising Helen]]'' (2004), and ''[[Shadowboxer]]'' (2005). Mirren also provided the voice for the supercomputer "[[Minor characters from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|Deep Thought]]" in the film adaptation of [[Douglas Adams]]'s ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' (2005). During her career, she has portrayed three British queens in different films and television series: [[Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), and [[Queen Charlotte|Charlotte]] in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994). She is the only actor to have portrayed both Queens Elizabeth on the screen.<ref name="BBC 2014"/><br />
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Mirren's title role of ''The Queen'' earned her numerous acting awards including a [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA]], a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Golden Globe]], and an [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Academy Award]], among many others. During her acceptance speech at the Academy Award ceremony, she praised and thanked Elizabeth II and stated that she had maintained her dignity and weathered many storms during her reign. Mirren later appeared in supporting roles in the films ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]'', ''[[Inkheart (film)|Inkheart]]'', ''[[State of Play (film)|State of Play]]'', and ''[[The Last Station]]'', for which she was nominated for an Oscar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |title=Nominees & Winners for the 82nd Academy Awards |date=24 August 2012 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5p6kTm4hN?url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |archive-date=19 April 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2000–2009===<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren at the Orange British Academy Film Awards.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the [[60th British Academy Film Awards]] in 2007, where she won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]]]]<br />
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Mirren's first film of the 2000s was [[Joel Hershman]]'s ''[[Greenfingers]]'' (2000), a comedy based on the true story about the prisoners of [[Leyhill Prison|HMP Leyhill]], a minimum-security prison, who won gardening awards.<ref name="Deitz">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/garden/free-to-grow-bluebells-in-england.html |title=Free to Grow Bluebells in England |last=Deitz |first=Paula |date=16 July 1998 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=13 |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren portrayed a devoted plantswoman in the film, who coaches a team of prison gardeners, led by [[Clive Owen]], to victory at a prestigious flower show.<ref name="Ramsey">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/22/movies/film-never-too-tough-to-be-softened-up-by-a-flower.html |title=Film; Never Too Tough to Be Softened Up by a Flower |last=Ramsey |first=Nancy |page=22 |date=22 July 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> The project received lukewarm reviews, which suggested that it added "nothing new to this already saturated genre" of [[Britcom|British feel-good films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greenfingers/ |title=Greenfingers (2000) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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The same year, she began work on the mystery film ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'', [[Sean Penn]]'s third directorial effort, in which she played a child psychologist. A critical success,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1104203-pledge |title=The Pledge (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> the [[ensemble film]] tanked at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/entertainment/1332122.stm |title=US directors laud Cannes audiences |date=15 May 2001 |website=BBC News |access-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> Also that year, she filmed the American-Icelandic satirical drama ''[[No Such Thing (film)|No Such Thing]]'' opposite [[Sarah Polley]]. Directed by [[Hal Hartley]], Mirren portrayed a soulless television producer in the film, who strives for sensationalistic stories. It was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/no_such_thing/ |title=No Such Thing (2001) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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Her biggest critical and commercial success, released in 2001, became [[Robert Altman]]'s all-star ensemble mystery film ''[[Gosford Park]]''. A [[homage (arts)|homage]] to writer [[Agatha Christie]]'s [[whodunit]] style, the story follows a party of wealthy Britons and an American, and their servants, who gather for a shooting weekend at an [[English country house]], resulting in an unexpected murder. It received multiple awards and nominations, including a second [[Academy Award]] nomination and first [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Screen Actors Guild Award]] win for Mirren's portrayal of the sternly devoted head servant Mrs. Wilson.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/gosford-park-big-winner-article-1.485902 |title='Gosford Park' Big Winner |first=Jack |last=Mathews |date=11 March 2002 |newspaper=New York Daily News |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Fred Schepisi]]'s dramedy film ''[[Last Orders (film)|Last Orders]]'' opposite [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]].<ref name="Mirren roles"/><br />
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In 2003, Mirren starred in [[Nigel Cole]]'s comedy ''[[Calendar Girls]]'', inspired by the true story of a group of [[Yorkshire]] women who produced a [[nude calendar]] to raise money for [[Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research|Leukaemia Research]] under the auspices of the [[Women's Institutes]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/12/23/earlyshow/leisure/main590034.shtml |title=Helen Mirren's ''Calendar Girls'' |first=Rome |last=Neal |date=24 December 2003 |website=[[CBS News]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> Mirren initially was reluctant to join the project, dismissing it as another middling British picture,<ref name="mc1">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504225925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo&feature=related| archive-date=2017-05-04|title=2009&nbsp;– Movie Connections&nbsp;– Calendar Girls (2/4) |author=[[Movie Connections]] |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}{{dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref> but rethought her decision upon learning of the casting of co-star [[Julie Walters]].<ref name="mc1"/> The film was generally well received by critics, and grossed $96 million worldwide.<ref name="bom">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=calendargirls.htm |title=Calendar Girls (2003) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, the picture earned [[Satellite Award|Satellite]], [[Golden Globe]], and [[European Film Award]] nominations for Mirren.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0337909/awards |title=Awards for ''Calendar Girls'' |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> Her other film that year was the [[Showtime Networks|Showtime]] television film ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' opposite [[Olivier Martinez]], and [[Anne Bancroft]], based on the 1950 novel of the same title by [[Tennessee Williams]].<br />
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===2010–2014===<br />
In 2010, Mirren appeared in five films. In ''[[Love Ranch]]'', directed by her husband [[Taylor Hackford]], she portrayed [[Joe Conforte|Sally Conforte]], one half of a married couple who opened the first legal [[brothel]] in the US, the [[Mustang Ranch]] in [[Storey County, Nevada]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/04/helen_mirrens_brothel_movie_to.html |title=Helen Mirren's Brothel Movie to Open |last=Brown |first=Lane |date=6 April 2010 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren starred in the principal role of [[Prospero|Prospera]], the duchess of [[Milan]], in [[Julie Taymor]]'s ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]''. This was based on the [[The Tempest|play of the same name]] by [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]; Taymor changed the original character's gender to cast Mirren as her lead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |title=Mirren 'to star in Tempest film' |date=8 October 2008 |website=BBC News |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5s5JwHeIV?url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |archive-date=18 August 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While the actor garnered strong reviews for her portrayal, the film itself was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tempest |title=The Tempest (2010) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren at the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
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Mirren played a gutsy tea-shop owner who tries to save one of her young employees from marrying a teenage killer in [[Rowan Joffé]]'s ''[[Brighton Rock (2010 film)|Brighton Rock]]'', a [[crime film]] loosely based on [[Graham Greene]]'s 1938 [[Brighton Rock (novel)|novel]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |title=Helen Mirren: Interview |first=Ben |last=Walters |date=2 June 2015 |magazine=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128223000/http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |archive-date=28 January 2016 }}</ref> The [[film noir]] [[Film premiere|premiered]] at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] in September 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |title=At TIFF: ''Brighton Rock'' Extends the Graham Greene Adaptation Curse |first=Michelle |last=Orange |date=13 September 2010 |website=[[Movieline]] |access-date=27 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916205701/http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |archive-date=16 September 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> where it received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/movies/brighton-rock-film-of-graham-greene-novel-review.html |title=A Meek Rose Amid the Mods and Rockers in an English Resort Town |first=Stephen |last=Holden |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=25 August 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=27 August 2011 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mirren's biggest critical and commercial success of the year was [[Robert Schwentke]]'s ensemble action comedy ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'', based on [[Warren Ellis]]’s graphic novel, in which she portrayed Victoria, an ex-[[MI6]] assassin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |title=Casting Notes: Alan Cumming in Burlesque; Mirren Does Espionage; Dempsey Steals Laughs; Weaver and Shawkat Hit Cedar Rapids |first=Russ |last=Fischer |date=4 November 2009 |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=19 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120911192241/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |archive-date=11 September 2012}}</ref> Mirren was initially hesitant to sign on due to film's graphic violence, but changed her mind upon learning of [[Bruce Willis]]' involvement.<ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |title=Majestic Mirren |first=Emanuel |last=Levy |date=15 October 2010 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |location=London |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Released to positive reviews, it grossed $186.5 million worldwide.<ref name="mojo" >{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2010.htm |title=RED (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Also in 2010, the actor lent her voice to [[Zack Snyder]]'s computer-animated fantasy film ''[[Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole]]'', voicing [[antagonist]] Nyra, a leader of a group of owls. The film grossed $140.1 million on an $80 million budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=guardiansofgahoole.htm |title=Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=15 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's next film was the comedy film ''[[Arthur (2011 film)|Arthur]]'', a remake of the 1981 [[Arthur (1981 film)|film of the same name]], starring [[Russell Brand]] in the lead role. ''Arthur'' received generally negative reviews from critics, who declared it an "irritating, unnecessary remake."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/arthur_2011/ |title=Arthur (2011) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> In preparation for her role as a retired Israeli [[Mossad]] agent in the film ''[[The Debt (2011 film)|The Debt]]'', Mirren reportedly immersed herself in studies of Hebrew language, Jewish history, and [[Holocaust]] writing, including the life of [[Simon Wiesenthal]], while in Israel in 2009 for the filming of some of the movie's scenes. The film is a remake of a [[The Debt (2007 film)|2007 Israeli film of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/mirren-learning-hebrew-for-movie-role_1096343 |title=Mirren Learning Hebrew For Movie Role |date=27 February 2009 |website=[[ContactMusic.com]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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In 2012, Mirren played [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s wife [[Alma Reville]] in the 2012 biopic ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'', directed by [[Sacha Gervasi]] and based on [[Stephen Rebello]]'s non-fiction book ''[[Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho]]''. The film centres on the pair's relationship during the making of ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'', a controversial [[horror film]] that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker's career. It became a moderate arthouse success and garnered a lukewarm critical response from critics, who felt that it suffered from "tonal inconsistency and a lack of truly insightful retrospection."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/hitchcock |title=Hitchcock (2012) |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> Mirren was universally praised, however, with [[Roger Ebert]] noting that the film depended most on her portrayal, which he found to be "warm and effective."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20121120/REVIEWS/121129996 |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=20 November 2012 |title=Hitchcock |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> Her other film that year was ''[[The Door (2012 film)|The Door]]'', a claustrophobic drama film directed by [[István Szabó]], based on the Hungarian novel of the same name. Set at the height of [[communist]] rule in 1960s Hungary, the story of the adaptation centres on the abrasive influence that a mysterious housekeeper wields over her employer and successful novelist, played [[Martina Gedeck]]. Mirren found the role "difficult to play" and cited doing it as "one of the hardest things [she has] ever done."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/mirren-steps-through-a-new-door-20120718-22ahn.html |title=Mirren steps through a new door |first=Philippa |last=Hawker |date=19 July 2012 |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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[[File:HelenMirrenHWOFJan2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren receiving a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013]]<br />
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The following year, Mirren replaced [[Bette Midler]] in [[David Mamet]]'s biographical television film ''[[Phil Spector (film)|Phil Spector]]'' about [[Phil Spector|the American musician]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/22/phil-spector-s-jersey-girl-lawyer-meet-the-real-linda-kenney-baden.html |title=Phil Spector's Jersey Girl Lawyer: Meet the Real Linda Kenney Baden |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |date=22 March 2013 |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> The [[HBO]] film focuses on the relationship between Spector and his defense attorney Linda Kenney Baden, played by Mirren, during the first of his two [[Phil Spector#Murder conviction|murder trials for the death in 2003]] of [[Lana Clarkson]] in his California mansion. ''Spector'' received largely mixed to positive reviews from critics, particularly for Mirren and co-star [[Al Pacino]]'s performances, and was nominated for eleven [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, also winning Mirren a [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie|Screen Actors Guild Award]] at the [[20th Screen Actors Guild Awards|20th awards ceremony]]. The film drew criticism both from Clarkson's family and friends, who charged that the suicide defense was given more merit than it deserved, and from Spector's wife, who argued that Spector was portrayed as a "foul-mouthed megalomaniac" and a "minotaur".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2013/03/15/friends_of_lana_clarkson_protest_hbo_film_phil_spector/ |title=Friends of Lana Clarkson protest HBO film "Phil Spector" |last=Gupta |first=Prachi |date=15 March 2013 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref> Also in 2013, Mirren voiced the character of Dean Abigail Hardscrabble in [[Pixar]]'s computer-animated comedy film ''[[Monsters University]]'', which grossed $743 million against its estimated budget of $200 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monstersinc2.htm |title=Monsters University (2013) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=20 December 2013}}</ref> and reprised her role in the sequel film ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]''.<ref name="Mirren">{{cite web |url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |title=Helen Mirren Says She's Ready For 'Red' Sequel: 'Just Get Me The Script' |last=Warner |first=Kara |date=29 March 2011 |website=[[MTV News]] |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6B7a76z3q?url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |archive-date=2 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The action comedy received a mixed reviews from film critics, who called it a "lackadaisical sequel",<ref name="TheWrap">{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/red-2-review-bruce-willis-sequel-dies-hard-lands-dull-thud-102681 |title='Red 2' Review: Bruce Willis Sequel Dies Hard, Lands With Dull Thud |last=Gilchrist |first=Todd |date=15 July 2013 |website=[[The Wrap]] |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref> but became another commercial success, making over $140 million worldwide.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=Red 2 (2013) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2.htm |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2014 was the comedy-drama ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' opposite the Indian actor [[Om Puri]]. Directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and produced by [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Oprah Winfrey]], the film is based on [[Richard C. Morais]]' 2010 novel [[The Hundred-Foot Journey|with the same name]] and tells the story of a feud between two adjacent restaurants in a French town. Mirren garnered largely positive reviews for her performance of a snobby restaurateur, a role which she accepted as she was keen to play a French character, reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."<ref name="collider1">{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/helen-mirren-hundred-foot-journey-trumbo-interview/ |title=Helen Mirren Talks 'The Hundred-Foot Journey', Working with Om Puri, What She Looks For in Choosing Projects, 'Trumbo', and More |last1=Roberts |first1=Sheila |date=31 July 2014 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The film earned her another [[Golden Globe]] nomination and became a modest commercial success, grossing $88.9 million worldwide.<ref name=BOM2>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=100foot.htm |title=The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref><br />
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===2015–present===<br />
[[File:The Leisure Seeker 06 (36402080733).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren attending the premiere of ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' at the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
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In 2015, Mirren reunited with her former assistant [[Simon Curtis (filmmaker)|Simon Curtis]] on ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'', co-starring [[Ryan Reynolds]].<ref name="collider1"/> The film was based on the true story of Jewish refugee [[Maria Altmann]], who, together with her young lawyer [[E. Randol Schoenberg|Randy Schoenberg]], fought the Austrian government to be reunited with [[Gustav Klimt]]'s painting of her aunt, the famous ''[[Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gustav-klimt-birthday-woman-in-gold_55a52d3de4b0a47ac15d61af |title=Gustav Klimt Painted Much More Than 'The Woman In Gold' |last1=Valentine |first1=Colin |date=14 July 2015 |website=[[HuffPost]] Arts & Culture |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics, although Mirren and Reynold's performances were widely praised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Woman in Gold (2015) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/woman_in_gold/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> A commercial success, ''Woman in Gold'' became one of the highest-grossing specialty films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/the-20-highest-grossing-indies-of-2015-a-running-list-1 |title=The 20 Highest Grossing Indies of 2015 (A Running List) |first=Kate |last=Erbland |date=29 December 2015 |website=Indiewire |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The same year, Mirren appeared in [[Gavin Hood]]'s thriller ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), in which she played as a military intelligence officer who leads a secret [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone]] mission to capture a terrorist group living in [[Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/aaron-paul-helen-mirren-join-colin-firth-in-thriller-eye-in-the-sky/ |title=Aaron Paul, Helen Mirren Join Colin Firth in Thriller 'Eye in the Sky' |last1=Sneider |first1=Jeff |date=16 May 2014 |website=The Wrap |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Jay Roach]]'s biographical drama ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'', co-starring [[Bryan Cranston]] and [[Diane Lane]]. The actor played [[Hedda Hopper]], the famous actor and [[gossip columnist]], in the film, which received generally positive reviews from critics and garnered her a 14th Golden Globe nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/trumbo/ |title=Trumbo (2015) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2016 was ''[[Collateral Beauty]]'', directed by [[David Frankel]]. Co-Starring [[Will Smith]], [[Keira Knightley]], and [[Kate Winslet]], the ensemble drama follows a man who copes with his daughter's death by writing letters to [[time]], [[death]], and [[love]]. The film earned largely negative reviews from critics, who called it "well-meaning but fundamentally flawed."<ref name="reviews">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/will-smith-collateral-beauty-lowest-box-office-opening-rotten-tomatoes-1201873153/ |title=How Critics' "Schoolyard Assault" On 'Collateral Beauty' Turned Ugly For Will Smith Pic |first=Anthony |last= D'Alessandro |date=18 December 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=reviews2>{{cite web |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/12/13/collateral-beauty-reviews-roundup/ |title=Collateral Beauty reviews: Will Smith movie slammed by critics |first=Danielle |last=Jackson |date=13 December 2016 |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Mirren narrated ''[[Cries from Syria]]'', a [[documentary film]] about the [[Syrian Civil War]], directed by [[Evgeny Afineevsky]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/markets-festivals/hbo-cries-from-syria-1201957096/ |title=HBO Nabs 'Cries From Syria' Documentary Ahead of Sundance |first=Brent |last=Lang |date=10 January 2017 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> Also that year, she made an uncredited [[cameo appearance]] in [[F. Gary Gray]]'s ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'', the eighth instalment in [[The Fast and the Furious|''The Fast and the Furious'' franchise]], playing Magdalene, the mother of Owen and [[Deckard Shaw]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1635570/how-helen-mirren-ended-up-in-the-fate-of-the-furious-according-to-vin-diesel |title=How Helen Mirren Ended Up In The Fate Of The Furious, According To Vin Diesel |first=Gregory |last=Wakeman |date=14 March 2017 |website=CinemaBlend |access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> Mirren had a larger role in director [[Paolo Virzì]]'s English-language debut ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'', based on the [[The Leisure Seeker (novel)|2009 novel of the same name]]. On set, she was reunited with [[Donald Sutherland]] with whom she had not worked again since ''[[Bethune: The Making of a Hero]]'' (1990),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/cannes-helen-mirren-and-donald-sutherland-to-topline-paolo-virzis-the-leisure-seeker-exclusive-1201772430/ |title=Cannes: Helen Mirren and Donald Sutherland to Topline Paolo Virzì's 'The Leisure Seeker' |first1=Nick |last1=Vivarelli |first2=Elsa |last2=Keslassy |date=12 May 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> portraying a terminally ill couple who escape from their retirement home and take one last cross-country adventure in a vintage van.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-donald-sutherland-team-up-for-the-leisure-seeker-cannes-1201754273/ |title=Helen Mirren & Donald Sutherland Team For 'The Leisure Seeker' – Cannes |first=Ali |last=Jaafar |date=12 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> At the [[75th Golden Globe Awards|75th awards ceremony]], Mirren received her 15th [[Golden Globe]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List |first=Rebecca |last=Rubin |date=11 December 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref><br />
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In 2018, Mirren portrayed heiress [[Sarah Winchester]] in the supernatural horror film ''[[Winchester (film)|Winchester]]'', directed by [[The Spierig Brothers]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-takes-aim-at-playing-firearm-heiress-in-hot-cannes-package-winchester-1201755962/ |title=Helen Mirren Takes Aim At Playing Firearm Heiress In Hot Cannes Package 'Winchester' |first=Mike Jr. |last=Fleming |date=14 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref> In the same year, she starred as Mother Ginger in Disney's adaptation of ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', titled ''[[The Nutcracker and the Four Realms]]'', directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and [[Joe Johnston]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/helen-mirren-nutcracker-disney-1201844942/ |title=Helen Mirren Joins Disney's 'The Nutcracker' |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=25 August 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> In 2019, she appeared in the ensemble film ''[[Berlin, I Love You]]'', the French crime thriller film ''[[Anna (2019 feature film)|Anna]]'', directed and written by [[Luc Besson]], and co-starred in the ''Fast and the Furious'' spin-off ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]''.<ref name="Oct2017V">{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/luc-besson-anna-helen-mirren-luke-evans-1202584144/ |title=Luc Besson Sets Next Film 'Anna' With Helen Mirren, Luke Evans |first1=Elsa |last1=Keslassy |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |date=9 October 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> In March 2021, she was cast as the villain Hespera in the upcoming superhero film ''[[Shazam! Fury of the Gods]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=March 23, 2021 |title='Shazam: Fury Of The Gods': Helen Mirren To Play Villain Hespera In Sequel |url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323221810/https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |archive-date=March 23, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2021 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref><br />
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Mirren is set to portray [[Golda Meir]], prime minister of Israel 1969–1974, in a [[biopic]] entitled ''[[Golda (film)|Golda]]''. As of April 2021, the film was in production.<ref>{{cite news| title=Helen Mirren to Play Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir in Biopic Set During Yom Kippur War| url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2021/04/06/helen-mirren-to-play-israeli-prime-minister-golda-meir-in-biopic-set-during-yom-kippur-war/| access-date=2022-03-01| newspaper=[[Algemeiner Journal]]| location=New York| first=Shiryn| last=Ghermezian| date=6 April 2021| language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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==Television career==<br />
=== ''Prime Suspect'' ===<br />
Mirren is known for her role as detective Jane Tennison in the widely viewed ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', a multiple award-winning television drama series that was noted for its high quality and popularity. Her portrayal of Tennison won her [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] between 1992 and 1994 (making her one of four actors to have received three consecutive [[BAFTA TV Awards]] for a role, alongside [[Robbie Coltrane]], [[Julie Walters]] and [[Michael Gambon]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/dame-helen-mirren-10-things-202365 |title=Dame Helen Mirren: 10 things you need to know about the Oscar nominated actress |date=18 February 2010 |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |location=London |access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> Primarily due to ''Prime Suspect'', in 2006 Mirren came 29th on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]’s poll of [[TV's 50 Greatest Stars]] voted by the British public.<ref name="Poll">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5142726.stm| title=ITV to salute '50 greatest stars'| date=3 July 2006| work=[[BBC News]]| access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><br />
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=== Other roles ===<br />
Mirren's other television performances include ''[[Cousin Bette]]'' (1971); ''[[BBC Television Shakespeare|As You Like It]]'' (1979); ''[[Blue Remembered Hills]]'' (1979); ''[[The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' episode "[[Dead Woman's Shoes (The Twilight Zone)|Dead Woman's Shoes]]" (1985); ''[[The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)|The Passion of Ayn Rand]]'' (1999), where her performance won her an [[Emmy]]; ''[[Door to Door (film)|Door to Door]]'' (2002); and ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' (2003). In 1976, she appeared with [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Alan Bates]] and [[Malcolm McDowell]] in a production of [[Harold Pinter]]'s ''[[The Collection (play)|The Collection]]'' as part of the ''[[Laurence Olivier Presents]]'' series. She also played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in 2005, in the television serial ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'', for [[Channel 4]] and [[HBO]], for which she received an [[Emmy Award]] and a [[Golden Globe Award]]. Mirren won another Emmy Award on 16 September 2007 for her role in ''[[Prime Suspect|Prime Suspect: The Final Act]]'' on PBS in the same category as in 2006. Mirren hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' on 9 April 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://watching-tv.ew.com/2011/04/10/saturday-night-live-helen-mirren-foo-fighters/ |title='Saturday Night Live' recap: Helen Mirren transcended a laugh-lite 'SNL' |last=Tucker |first=Ken |date=10 April 2011 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren figure at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|upright|Waxwork of Mirren at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]<br />
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Mirren lived with Northern Irish actor [[Liam Neeson]] during the early 1980s; they met while working on ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981). When interviewed by [[James Lipton]] for ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]'', Neeson said Mirren was instrumental in him getting an agent.<br />
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Mirren began dating American director [[Taylor Hackford]] in 1986. They were married on 31 December 1997 at the [[Ardersier]] Parish Church near [[Inverness]] in the [[Scottish Highlands]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Dame Helen Mirren fights sewage plant plan in quiet fishing village where she got married |date=30 May 2016 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 January 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> They met on the set of ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985). It is her first marriage and his third (he has two children from his previous marriages). She has no children, stating she has "no maternal instinct whatsoever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/mirren%20i%20have%20no%20maternal%20instinct_1023284 |title=Mirren: 'I Have No Maternal Instinct' |date=26 February 2007 |website=Contactmusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's autobiography, ''In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures'', was published in the UK by [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] in September 2007. Reviewing for ''[[The Stage]]'', John Thaxter wrote: "Sumptuously illustrated, at first sight it looks like another of those photo albums of the stars. But between the pictures there are almost 200 pages of densely printed text, an unusually frank story of her private and professional life, mainly in the theatre, the words clearly Mirren's own, delivered with forthright candour."<ref>{{cite news |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=1 November 2007 |newspaper=The Stage}}</ref><br />
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In 1990, Mirren said in an interview that she was an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sunday Review Pages: Helen Mirren interview |last=Garfield |first=Simon |date=25 November 1990 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |page=27 |quote=Sometimes I feel like a farmer during a war, someone who doesn't know very much about it and carries on digging, hoping for rain. But just the last few days I've had this terrible feeling of... doom. It's a, er, [[Bible|biblical]], kind of [[Old Testament]] feeling. I'm an atheist, but I was suddenly thinking of those stories of the flood and punishment. Because we've become unbelievably greedy and destructive.}}</ref> In the August 2011 issue of ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', she said, "I am quite spiritual. I believed in fairies when I was a child. I still do sort of believe in the fairies. And the leprechauns. But I don't believe in God."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/helen-mirren-quotes-0811 |title=Helen Mirren: What I've Learned |last=Fussman |first=Cal |date=7 July 2011 |magazine=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |access-date=8 January 2013}}</ref><br />
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In a 2008 interview with ''[[GQ]]'', Mirren revealed she was [[date rape]]d as a student, and had often taken [[cocaine]] at parties in her twenties and until the 1980s.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/09/01/helen.mirren.rape/index.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren in date-rape revelation |date=1 September 2008 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref><ref name=indie>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |archive-date=9 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Mirren talks of her date-rapes, then provokes furore with views on sex attackers |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |date=1 September 2008 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref> She stopped using it after reading that [[Klaus Barbie]] made a living from cocaine dealing.<ref name=cnn/><ref name=indie/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7591142.stm |title=Dame Helen in cocaine admission |date=1 September 2008 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901101327/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2008 |title='The Queen' actress Dame Helen Mirren reveals former love of cocaine |last=Simpson |first=Aislinn |date=31 August 2008 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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On 11 May 2010, Mirren attended the unveiling of her waxwork at [[Madame Tussauds]] in London. In 2012, she was among the [[List of cultural icons of England|British cultural icons]] selected by artist Sir [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]] to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork—The Beatles' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' album cover—to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admired.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited |title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday |first=Caroline |last=Davies |date=2 April 2012 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026 |title=Sir Peter Blake's new Beatles' Sgt Pepper's album cover |date=2 April 2012 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2010, she was named Sexiest Woman Alive by ''Esquire'', and in a 2011 photo shoot for the magazine, she stripped down and covered up with the [[Union Jack]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Helen Mirren shows off her patriotism in Esquire photo shoot |date=15 July 2011 |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/helen-mirren-shows-off-her-patriotism-in-esquire-photo-shoot.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAL-vIbYr3zdTdvehdRUc0lnYjJRXjrH4_m5WPohtumjKkQF5ZjHQLJtDu-wBH128akA-SIGhwuqIxJGGVah71ko93k0SrMjCBGWYNe6o4pAX1bMxdQKNuPUDWP0gRMadkT21jNy7mPWtoRB9gY_JEBadANEeCY_pMxeHk9kSdO2G |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref><br />
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In 2013, Mirren was announced as one of several new models for [[Marks & Spencer]]'s "Womanism" campaign. Subtitled "Britain's leading ladies", the campaign featured Mirren alongside British women from various fields, including pop singer [[Ellie Goulding]], double Olympic gold medal-winning boxer [[Nicola Adams]], and writer [[Monica Ali]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/aug/19/marks-spencer-new-ad-annie-leibowitz |title=Marks & Spencer's new ad: what does it mean? |first=Lauren |last=Cochrane |date=19 August 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In March 2013, ''The Guardian'' listed Mirren as one of the 50 Best-Dressed Over 50.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s |title=The 50 best-dressed over 50s |first=Jess |last=Cartner-Morley |date=29 March 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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She told the ''[[Radio Times]]'', "I'm a [[naturism|naturist]] at heart. I love being on beaches where everyone is naked. Ugly people, beautiful people, old people, whatever. It's so unisexual and so liberating."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-09-19/celebrity-nudists-the-stars-who-like-to-let-it-all-hang-out |title=Celebrity nudists: the stars who like to let it all hang out |date=19 September 2014 |magazine=Radio Times |location=London |access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref> In 2004, she was named Naturist of the Year by [[British Naturism]]. She said: "Many thanks to British Naturism for this great honour. I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!"<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |title=Dame Helen Mirren named 'Naturist of the Year' |date=8 January 2012 |publisher=British Naturism |access-date=26 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004094251/http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |archive-date=4 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Mirren became a [[U.S. citizen]] in 2017 and voted in her first U.S. election in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/oscar-winner-tahoe-resident-helen-mirren-casts-1st-american-vote |title=Oscar winner, Tahoe resident Helen Mirren casts 1st American vote| date=15 October 2020 |newspaper=Tahoe Daily Tribune |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |newspaper=[[Record-Courier (Nevada)|The Record-Courier]] |location=[[Gardnerville, Nevada]] |title='The Queen' casts her ballot in Minden |date=17 October 2020 |last=Hildebrand |first=Kurt |access-date=18 October 2020 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116061403/https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
In April 2021, she took part in the [[music video]] "La Vacinada" (meaning ''the vaccinated woman'' in broken [[Spanish language]]) of Italian comedian and singer [[Checco Zalone]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/checco-zalone-pokes-fun-at-helen-mirrens-age-in-viral-video-9xgd0q99d| title=Checco Zalone pokes fun at Helen Mirren's age in viral video| newspaper=The Times| location=London| date=1 May 2021| access-date=2 May 2021| url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
In the song and video, Zalone jokes about the fact that, in times of [[Covid-19 pandemic]], it is safer to have an [[affair]] with someone who has already been [[vaccinated]] against the [[virus]], and as [[the elderly]] get vaccinated first, an older partner (played by Mirren in the video) is now the best choice.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title='The Telegraph' recap: Helen Mirren joins Italy's best known comic in light-hearted sketch to promote Covid-19 vaccine |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=30 April 2021 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph | location=London |access-date=30 April 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Acting credits ==<br />
{{main|Helen Mirren on screen and stage}}<br />
<br />
==Awards and honours==<br />
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren}}<br />
<br />
Among her major competitive awards, Mirren has won one [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]], four [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA Awards]], three [[Golden Globe Awards]], four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]], and one [[Tony Awards|Tony Award]]. Her numerous honorary awards include the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] and Gala Tribute presented by the [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]].<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/45th-chaplin-award-gala-will-honor-helen-mirren/ |title=45th Chaplin Award Gala Will Honor Helen Mirren |website=Film Society of Lincoln Center |date=14 October 2017 |access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Order of the British Empire|Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]] in December.<ref name="Damehood"/><ref name="Ceremony"/> In January 2009, Mirren was named on ''[[The Times]]''' list of the top 10 British actresses of all time. The list included [[Julie Andrews]], [[Helena Bonham Carter]], [[Judi Dench]] and [[Audrey Hepburn]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5502980.ece |title=The best British film actresses of all time |date=12 January 2009 |newspaper=The Times |location=London | first=James | last=Christopher | access-date=27 May 2020 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of British actors]]<br />
*[[List of British Academy Award nominees and winners]]<br />
*[[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]<br />
*[[List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="VF2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/11/helen-mirren-nude-scene |title=Helen Mirren Reveals The One Nude Scene She Didn't Mind Filming |last=Miller |first=Julie |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<ref name="peop_Hele">{{cite web |url=http://www.people.com/article/helen-mirren-talks-nude-scenes |title=Helen Mirren Reveals Her Favorite Nude Scenes Were for Caligula: 'Everyone Was Naked' |last=McNiece |first=Mia |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=People |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book| last=Mirren| first=Helen| title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BoEtOA98XQAC| publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]| year=2011| isbn=978-1-4165-7341-8}}<br />
* {{cite book| last=Ward| first=Philip| date=October 25, 2019| title=Becoming Helen Mirren| publisher=Troubador Press| isbn=978-1-8385-9714-6| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh-3DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=becoming+helen+mirren&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjV1O-z-KX2AhWrjYkEHetjDncQ6AF6BAgIEAI#v=onepage&q=becoming%20helen%20mirren&f=false| access-date=March 1, 2022}} A survey of the actor's early career.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{sister project links|b=no|commons=Category:Helen Mirren|d=Q349391|n=no|q=Helen Mirren|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|545}}<br />
* {{IBDB name|53256}}<br />
* {{Playbill person|helen-mirren-vault-0000099983}}<br />
* {{Tcmdb name|132793}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|260}}<br />
* {{WorldCat id|lccn-n87-927316}}<br />
* {{NYTtopic|people/m/helen_mirren}}<br />
;''Interviews:''<br />
* {{Cite episode |title=Helen Mirren |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p009mk5j |series=Desert Island Discs |series-link=Desert Island Discs |station=BBC Radio 4 |date=3 December 1982}}<br />
* {{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/dame-helen-mirren-im-an-essex-girl-6mh0b6wd3nm |first=Kevin |last=Maher |title=Dame Helen Mirren: I'm an Essex Girl |newspaper=The Times |location=London |date=12 February 2010}}<br />
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{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Awards for Helen Mirren]]<br />
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{{AcademyAwardBestActress 2001-2020}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actress 2000-2019}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{British Academy Television Award for Best Actress 1980-1999}}<br />
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards}}<br />
{{Prix d'interprétation féminine 1980–1999}}<br />
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{DramaDesk PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActress 1976-2000}}<br />
{{European Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{European Film Academy Achievement in World Cinema Award}}<br />
{{Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Lincoln Center Gala Tribute}}<br />
{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureDrama 2001-2020}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressTVMiniseriesFilm}}<br />
{{GoldenOrangeHonoraryAward}}<br />
{{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}}<br />
{{Honorary Golden Bear}}<br />
{{OlivierAward PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress 2001-present}}<br />
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
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{{Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Motion Picture}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Television Miniseries or Film}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Supporting Actress Series Miniseries or Television Film}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleLeadMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleSupportMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleTVMiniseriesMovie}}<br />
{{Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award}}<br />
{{Stanislavsky Award}}<br />
{{St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{TonyAward PlayLeadActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{TFCA Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Volpi Cup for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
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{{Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
{{British Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirren, Helen}}<br />
[[Category:1945 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses awarded British damehoods]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Essex]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Middlesex University]]<br />
[[Category:Audiobook narrators]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award (television) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actress Golden Globe winners]]<br />
[[Category:British naturists]]<br />
[[Category:Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
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[[Category:English film actresses]]<br />
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[[Category:European Film Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
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[[Category:Golden Orange Honorary Award winners]]<br />
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[[Category:Laurence Olivier Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:National Youth Theatre members]]<br />
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[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:People from Hammersmith]]<br />
[[Category:People from Westcliff-on-Sea]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]]<br />
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Canterbury_Tale&diff=1078074200A Canterbury Tale2022-03-19T18:26:18Z<p>SteveCrook: /* Cast */ Added a few links to actors</p>
<hr />
<div>{{distinguish|The Canterbury Tales (film)}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=September 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = A Canterbury Tale<br />
| image = Canterburytaleposter.jpg<br />
| image_size =<br />
| caption = US theatrical poster (1949)<br />
| director = [[Michael Powell]]<br />[[Emeric Pressburger]]<br />
| producer = Michael Powell<br />Emeric Pressburger<br />
| writer = Michael Powell<br />Emeric Pressburger<br />
| starring = [[Eric Portman]]<br />[[Sheila Sim]]<br />[[Dennis Price]]<br />[[Kim Hunter]]<br />Sgt [[John Sweet (actor)|John Sweet]]<br />
| music = [[Allan Gray (composer)|Allan Gray]]<br />
| cinematography = [[Erwin Hillier]]<br />
| editing = [[John Seabourne|John Seabourne Sr.]]<br />
| distributor = [[General Film Distributors]]<br /> [[Eagle-Lion Films]]<br />
| released = 21 August 1944 (UK)<br /> 21 January 1949 (US)<br />
| runtime = 124 minutes<br />
| country = United Kingdom<br />
| language = English<br />
| budget =<br />
| gross =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''A Canterbury Tale''''' is a 1944 [[Cinema of the United Kingdom|British]] film by [[Powell and Pressburger|Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger]] starring [[Eric Portman]], [[Sheila Sim]], [[Dennis Price]] and [[John Sweet (actor)|Sgt. John Sweet]]; [[Esmond Knight]] provided narration and played two small roles. For the post-war American release, [[Raymond Massey]] narrated and [[Kim Hunter]] was added to the film. The film was made in black and white, and was the first of two collaborations between Powell and Pressburger and cinematographer [[Erwin Hillier]].<!-- If you count ''The Silver Fleet'' then this was the 2nd of 3 collaborations. But P&P were only producers on ''The Silver Fleet'' --><br />
<br />
Much of the film's visual style is a mixture of British realism and Hillier's [[German Expressionism|German Expressionist]] style that is harnessed through a [[neo-romanticism|neo-romantic]] sense of the English landscape. The concept that 'the past always haunts the present' in the English landscape was already part of English literary culture, e.g. in works by [[Rudyard Kipling]] such as ''[[Puck of Pook's Hill]]'', and would become a notable [[Trope (literature)|trope]] for British novelists and film-makers from the 1960s. ''A Canterbury Tale'' takes its title from ''[[The Canterbury Tales]]'' of [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] and loosely uses Chaucer's theme of "eccentric characters on a religious pilgrimage" to highlight the wartime experiences of the citizens of [[Kent]] and encourage wartime Anglo-American friendship and understanding. [[Anglo-American relations]] were also explored in Powell and Pressburger's previous film ''[[The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]]'' and in more detail in their subsequent film ''[[A Matter of Life and Death (film)#Anglo-American relations|A Matter of Life and Death]]''.<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
[[File:Canterbury - Turm der St. George's Church, in der Marlowe getauft wurde.jpg|thumb|left|St George's Church tower, seen in the film after being gutted in the [[Baedeker raids]] (modern photograph)]]<br />
<br />
The story concerns three young people: British Army Sergeant Peter Gibbs ([[Dennis Price]]), U.S. Army Sergeant Bob Johnson (played by real-life Sergeant [[John Sweet (actor)|John Sweet]]), and a "[[Women's Land Army|Land Girl]]", Miss Alison Smith ([[Sheila Sim]]). The group arrive at the railway station in the fictitious small [[Kent]] town of Chillingbourne (filmed in [[Chilham]], [[Fordwich]], [[Wickhambreaux]] and other villages in the area), near [[Canterbury]], late on Friday night, 27 August 1943. Peter has been stationed at a nearby Army camp, Alison is due to start working on a farm in the area, and Bob left the train by mistake, hearing the announcement "next stop Canterbury" and thinking he was in Canterbury.<br />
<br />
As they leave the station together Alison is attacked by an assailant in uniform, who pours glue on her hair before escaping. It transpires that this has happened to other women, and the mystery attacker is known locally as "the glue man". Alison asks Bob if he will spend the weekend in Chillingbourne to help her solve the mystery. The next day, while riding a farm cart in the countryside, Alison meets Peter, who surrounds her cart with his platoon of three [[Bren Gun Carrier]]s. Alison agrees to meet Peter again. The three decide to investigate the attack, enlisting the help of the locals, including several small boys who play large-scale [[Military simulation|war game]]s.<br />
<br />
The three use their detective skills to identify the culprit as a local magistrate, Thomas Colpeper ([[Eric Portman]]), a gentleman farmer and pillar of the community, who also gives local history lectures to soldiers stationed in the district. Alison interviews all the glue man's victims to identify the dates and times of their attacks. Gibbs visits Colpeper at his home and steals the fire watch roster listing the nights Colpeper was on duty in the town hall, whilst a paper drive for salvage by Johnson's boy commandos lets Johnson discover receipts for gum used to make glue sold to Colpeper. The dates of the attacks correspond with Colpeper's night watches, for which he wore a [[Home Guard (United Kingdom)|Home Guard]] uniform kept in the town hall.<br />
<br />
On their train journey to Canterbury on the Monday morning, Colpeper joins the three in their compartment. They confront him with their suspicions, which he does not deny, and they discover that his motive is to prevent the soldiers from being distracted from his lectures by female company, as well as to help keep the local women faithful to their absent British boyfriends. In Colpeper's words, Chaucer's pilgrims travelled to Canterbury to "receive a blessing or to do penance". On arriving in the city of Canterbury, devastated by wartime bombing, all three young people receive blessings of their own. Alison discovers that her boyfriend, believed killed in the war, has survived after all; his father, who had blocked their marriage because he thought his son could do better than a [[shopgirl]], finally relents. Bob receives long-delayed letters from his sweetheart, who is now a [[Women's Army Corps|WAC]] in Australia. Peter, a [[Theatre organ|cinema organist]] before the war, gets to play the music of [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] on the large organ at [[Canterbury Cathedral]], before leaving with his unit. He decides not to report Colpeper to the Canterbury police, as he had planned to do.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
[[File:ACT Characters.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Gibbs, Johnson and Smith<br />The Seven Sisters Soldier is standing behind Peter & Bob and Sergt. 'Stuffy' (''[[Graham Moffatt]]'') is asleep]]<br />
* [[Eric Portman]] as Thomas Colpeper, a gentleman farmer and [[Justice of the Peace|magistrate]] in Chillingbourne. He is a bachelor, living with his mother and, being very keen on the local history of the area, wants to share that knowledge with everyone around him, particularly with the soldiers from elsewhere in Britain who have been billeted nearby.<br />
* [[John Sweet (actor)|Sgt. John Sweet, U.S. Army]] as Acting Sgt. Bob Johnson, ASN 31036062, hails from [[Three Sisters (Oregon)|Three Sisters Falls]], [[Oregon]]. On his way from [[Salisbury]] to [[Canterbury]] to meet his friend and fulfil a promise to his mother to see [[Canterbury Cathedral]], he gets off the train at Chillingbourne (filmed at [[Selling railway station]] between [[Faversham]] and [[Canterbury]]) by mistake and almost immediately gets caught up in the mystery of the "glue man". He has come to Britain as a part of the [[United States Army|American Army]] preparing for the [[D-Day|invasion of Europe]]. He becomes more and more willing to learn something about England during his visit. The original script mentioned that Johnson was on his way to Canterbury as his ancestors had come from there.<ref Name="Tritton" /> The producers had originally planned to use [[Burgess Meredith]] in the role but changed their mind in favour of an unknown. Meredith acted as a script editor for Johnson's character.<ref Name="Tritton" /><br />
* [[Dennis Price]] as Sgt Peter Gibbs, a [[theatre organ|cinema organist]] from London. He has been conscripted into the [[British Army]] and has just been stationed at the military camp outside Chillingbourne, where his unit is engaged in training manoeuvres.<br />
* [[Sheila Sim]] as Alison Smith, a shop assistant in a [[department store]] in London. She has joined the [[Women's Land Army]] to "do her bit" to help in the defence of her country. She has been assigned to the farm of Thomas Colpeper, the local [[Justice of the Peace#England and Wales|JP]] in Chillingbourne. Alison had previously spent a happy summer just outside Chillingbourne, living in a [[travel trailer|caravan]] with her fiancé, an archaeologist who has since joined the [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] and is missing in action at the outset of the film. (He is reported at the end as alive and in Gibraltar). Alison is determined to solve the mystery of the "glue man" and seeks the help of Bob Johnson to do so. Johnson replies "You need about as much help as a [[Flying Fortress]]".<br />
* [[Charles Hawtrey (actor born 1914)|Charles Hawtrey]] as Thomas Duckett, the town's stationmaster.<br />
* [[Esmond Knight]] as Narrator/Seven-Sisters Soldier/Village Idiot. The Narrator reads the modernised extract from [[Geoffrey Chaucer|Chaucer]]'s ''[[The Canterbury Tales|Canterbury Tales]]'', followed by a piece in Chaucerian style on the changes to Kent since Chaucer's time (both only in the original version).<br />
* [[George Merritt (actor)|George Merritt]] as Ned Horton and [[Edward Rigby]] as Jim Horton, play the [[blacksmith]] and the [[wheelwright]]. The real Horton brothers, Ben and Neville, are seen acting as assistants to the actors.<br />
* Hay Petrie as Woodcock.<br />
* [[Freda Jackson]] as Mrs Prudence Honeywood, the farming woman who employs Alison.<br />
* [[Eliot Makeham]] as the church organist in Canterbury.<br />
* [[Betty Jardine]] as Fee Baker.<br />
* Harvey Golden as Sgt Roczinsky, Bob Johnson's friend in Canterbury.<br />
* Leonard Smith (Leslie) James Tamsitt (Terry) and David Todd (David), play among the group of boys enjoying an adventure and river battle in a bucolic setting. All of them were local to the Canterbury area. Smith, Tamsitt and Todd were selected for speaking roles.<br />
* Beresford Egan as PC Ovenden.<br />
* Antony Holles as Sergt. Bassett.<br />
* Maude Lambert as Miss Grainger.<br />
* Wally Bosco as ARP man.<br />
* Charles Paton as Ernie Brooks.<br />
* Jane Millican as Susanna Foster.<br />
* [[John Slater (actor)|John Slater]] as Sergt. Len.<br />
* [[Michael Golden (actor)|Michael Golden]] as Sergt. Smale.<br />
* [[Graham Moffatt]] as Sergt. 'Stuffy'.<br />
* Mary Line as Leslie's mother.<br />
* Winifred Swaffer as Mrs Horton.<br />
* Michael Howard as Archie.<br />
* [[Judith Furse]] as Dorothy Bird.<br />
* Barbara Waring as Polly Finn.<br />
* Jean Shepeard as Gwladys Swinton.<br />
* Margaret Scudamore as Mrs Colpeper.<br />
* Joss Ambler as Police Inspector.<br />
* Jessie James as Waitress.<br />
* Kathleen Lucas as a passer- by.<br />
* HF Maltby as Mr Portal.<br />
* Eric Maturin as Geoffrey's father.<br />
* Parry Jones jnr as Arthur<br />
<br />
* [[Kim Hunter]] as Johnson's Girl (American release).<br />
* [[Raymond Massey]] as Narrator (American version) (voice).<br />
*[[Esma Cannon]] as Agnes the maid<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
===Writing===<br />
Powell and Pressburger, who were known collectivity as "The Archers", wrote the script together, linking the concepts of landscape and history (light and time) with the personal journey of three people—the pilgrims—to show a basis of common identity.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/432-a-tribute-a-canterbury-tale|title=A Tribute: A Canterbury Tale|first=Peter|last= von Bagh|publisher=criterion.com|access-date=18 August 2021}}</ref> Powell was said to have used the work of [[Chaucer]] as inspiration to create a film that showed "the love of his birthplace and all that he felt about England".<ref name=DT>{{cite news|title=A Canterbury Tale at 70: a ray of English sunshine|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/11059651/A-Canterbury-Tale-at-70-a-ray-of-English-sunshine.html|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]| date=30 August 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Casting===<br />
All three leads were unknowns.<ref name=DT/> Many local people, including a lot of young boys, were recruited as extras for the extensive scenes of children's outdoor activities such as river "battles" and [[Children's den|den]]s.<ref name=DT/><br />
<br />
===Filming===<br />
The film was shot throughout the county of Kent not long after the [[Baedeker raids]] of May–June 1942 which had destroyed large areas of the city centre of Canterbury. Much of the film is shot on location in and around Canterbury Cathedral and the city's bomb sites, including the High Street, Rose Lane and the Buttermarket. The cathedral was not available for filming as the [[stained glass]] had been taken down, the windows boarded up and the organ, an important location for the story, removed to storage, all for protection against air raids. By the use of clever perspective, large portions of the cathedral were recreated within the studio by art director [[Alfred Junge]].<ref>{{cite book | last =Powell | first =Michael | author-link =Michael Powell | title =A Life in Movies: An Autobiography | publisher =[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] | year =1986 | location =London | isbn = 0-434-59945-X}}</ref><br />
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Chilham Mill features in the film in the scene where GI Bob meets children playing in the river on a boat and later, with Peter, when they get the proof about Colpeper. The village was used for scenes showing Chillingbourne village. In the scene where soldiers gather for a lecture at the Colpepper Institute they are actually in Fordwich. [[Selling, Kent|Selling Station]] appears in the film as "Chillingbourne" Station at the beginning of the film. Bob and Alison ride on a cart through the village, the local Wickhambreaux Mill can be clearly seen. Colpeper's house was Wickhambreaux Court. A local [[Wingham, Kent|Wingham]] village pub "The Red Lion" was used for some exterior shots of "The Hand of Glory" inn where Bob stays whilst in the village.<ref>{{cite web|author=Kent Film Office|url=http://kentfilmoffice.co.uk/1944/11/a-canterbury-tale-1944/|title=Kent Film Office A Canterbury Tale Film Focus}}</ref> Other exterior shots of "The Hand of Glory" were filmed at "The George & Dragon", Fordwich.<ref Name="Tritton" /><br />
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Before the credits, the following acknowledgement appears over an image of the cathedral viewed from the Christ Church Gate,<br />
<br />
{{quote|The Archers gratefully acknowledge the invaluable help and advice given to them by the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury, the Very Reverend the [[Cuthbert Thicknesse|Dean of St Albans]], the Mayor and Corporation of Canterbury, the Women's Land Army, and by the United States Army. They also thank the citizens of Canterbury and men and women of Kent who helped to make the film.}}<br />
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==Soundtrack==<br />
Besides that composed by [[Allan Gray (composer)|Allan Gray]] for the film, musical works featured include:<br />
* ''[[Angelus ad Virginem]]'' mid-15th century polyphony heard as a peal of bells in orchestral guise under the opening titles<br />
* ''Commando Patrol'' by Allan Gray, Stan Bowsher, [[Walter Ridley]] – quickstep heard in the background during Johnson and Gibbs's scene in the lobby of the Hand of Glory<br />
* ''I See You Everywhere'' by Allan Gray, Stan Bowsher, Walter Ridley – slow foxtrot heard in the background during Johnson and Gibbs's scene in the lobby of the Hand of Glory<br />
* ''Turkey in the Straw'' – folksong heard as Agnes leaves Bob's bedroom<br />
* ''Come to the Church in the Wild Wood'' – Bob sings as he washes<br />
* ''[[Hear my prayer, O Lord (Purcell)|Hear my prayer, O Lord]]'' by [[Henry Purcell]] – the ethereal choral music heard as Gibbs pauses on entering the cathedral<br />
* ''Bond of Friendship'' – Regimental March of the King's Division. Played as the band nears the Cathedral<br />
* [[Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565]] by [[Johann Sebastian Bach|J. S. Bach]] (the original while inside the cathedral and the orchestration by [[Leopold Stokowski]] outside the cathedral) and the hymn ''[[Onward Christian Soldiers]]'' – played on the organ by Gibbs<br />
<br />
==Reception==<br />
The world premiere was held on 11 May 1944 at the Friars' Cinema (later the second site of the [[Marlowe Theatre]], now demolished), Canterbury, England, an event commemorated there by a plaque unveiled by stars Sheila Sim and John Sweet in October 2000.<ref>[http://www.powell-pressburger.org/Trips/Canterbury/20001010/Steve.html A Canterbury Tale or two ]</ref> Although the film initially had very poor reviews in the UK press,<ref>[http://www.powell-pressburger.org/Reviews/44_ACT/ACT14.html Contemporary review]</ref> and only small audiences, the film became a moderate success at the British box office in 1944.<ref>Murphy, Robert (2003_ [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=xtGIAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA209&lpg=PA209&dq=hungry+hill+film+box+office&source=bl&ots=MTsQXadYDw&sig=2h-5aG3Vy4tT_h1mlC4mfRi18JQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZ8b6P1YHMAhVEFqYKHcy9BF8Q6AEIMzAF#v=onepage&q=hungry%20hill%20film%20box%20office&f=false ''Realism and Tinsel: Cinema and Society in Britain 1939-48''] p.207</ref><br />
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The film was the first production of [[Powell and Pressburger]] not to be a major box office draw.<ref Name="Tritton">Tritton, Paul. ''[http://www.powell-pressburger.org/Reviews/44_ACT/TheBook2.html A Canterbury Tale – Memories of a Classic Wartime Movie]''. Canterbury: Tritton Publications, August 2000. {{ISBN|0-9524094-2-9}}.</ref> With the war over Powell was forced by the studio to completely re-edit the film for the U.S. release, cutting over 20 minutes to make the film shorter and faster moving, adding narration by [[Raymond Massey]], and filming "bookends" which introduced [[Kim Hunter]] as Sergeant Johnson's girlfriend to make the film more contemporary. At the time of filming, Hunter and Massey were preparing to film ''[[A Matter of Life and Death (film)|A Matter of Life and Death]]'' for Powell. Powell filmed Hunter's sequences with Sweet on an English set simulating New York City where the couple, now married, presented the film as a [[Flashback (narrative)|flashback]] similar to the openings of ''[[The Way to the Stars]]'' and ''[[12 O'Clock High]]''. Sweet was actually filmed in New York with the sequences combined.<ref Name="Tritton" /> The film was fully restored by the British Film Institute in the late 1970s and the new print was hailed as a masterwork of British cinema. It has since been reissued on DVD in both the UK and USA.<br />
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==Legacy==<br />
There is now an annual festival based around the film in which film fans tour the film's locations.<ref>[http://www.powell-pressburger.org/Trips/Canterbury/index.html Location walks]</ref> The theme of the film was used by [[Spike Milligan]] for the [[Goon Show]] ''The Phantom Head Shaver of Brighton'' in 1954.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thegoonshow.net/scripts_show.asp?title=s05e04_the_phantom_head_shaver|title= The Phantom Head Shaver of Brighton|access-date=23 June 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080608165811/http://www.thegoonshow.net/scripts_show.asp?title=s05e04_the_phantom_head_shaver| archive-date= 8 June 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> The film was shown in the nave of Canterbury Cathedral on 19 September 2007 to help raise money for the cathedral restoration fund.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/kent/history/canterbury_tale/ BBC Kent] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618083908/http://www.bbc.co.uk/kent/history/canterbury_tale/ |date=18 June 2009 }}</ref> In May 2014 the film was shown in Chilham village hall to help raise money for the restoration of its war memorial. The screening, which took place in the village where the film was made, coincided with the 70th anniversary of the film's première in Canterbury.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.powell-pressburger.org/Trips/Canterbury/20140511/index.html|title=ACT screening, Chilham, 11 May 2014|publisher=powell-pressburger.org|access-date=26 February 2018}}</ref> Several [[video art]]ists have recut the more visionary sections of the film as video art.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.powell-pressburger.org/Reviews/44_ACT/VictorBurgin.html|title= Victor Burgin at the Arnolfini Gallery, Bristol|publisher=powell-pressburger.org|access-date = 26 February 2018}}</ref> Dialogue from the film was sampled on the track "Introduction" on the album ''[[Merrie Land]]'' and ''Dreadzone'''s ''[[Second Light]]''.<br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
===Bibliography===<br />
* {{cite book|first=Michael|last= Powell|author-link= Michael Powell|year=1986|title=A Life in Movies: An Autobiography|publisher=[[Heinemann (book publisher)|London: Heinemann]]|isbn=0-434-59945-X}}.<br />
* {{cite book|first=Michael|last= Powell| year=1992|title=Million Dollar Movie|publisher=London: Heinemann|isbn=0-434-59947-6}}.<br />
* {{cite book|last=Tritton|first= Paul |year= 2000|title=A Canterbury Tale – Memories of a Classic Wartime Movie|publisher= Canterbury: Tritton Publications|isbn=0-9524094-2-9}}.<br />
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==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0036695}}<br />
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|a_canterbury_tale_1949}}<br />
* {{amg movie|8042}}<br />
* {{tcmdb title|70193}}<br />
* [http://www.powell-pressburger.org/Reviews/44_ACT Reviews and articles] at the [http://www.powell-pressburger.org Powell & Pressburger Pages]<br />
* [https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/432-a-tribute-a-canterbury-tale ''A Tribute: A Canterbury Tale''] an essay by [[Peter von Bagh]] at the [[Criterion Collection]]<br />
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/kent/content/articles/2007/09/15/canterbury_tale_scorsese_video_feature.shtml Scorsese and Schoonmaker talk about ''A Canterbury Tale'']<br />
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/kent/content/articles/2007/08/21/canterbury_tale_screening_feature.shtml A screening of ''A Canterbury Tale'' in Canterbury cathedral]<br />
<br />
{{Powell and Pressburger}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Canterbury Tale, A}}<br />
[[Category:1944 films]]<br />
[[Category:1940s comedy-drama films]]<br />
[[Category:British black-and-white films]]<br />
[[Category:British films]]<br />
[[Category:British road comedy-drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot at Denham Film Studios]]<br />
[[Category:Eagle-Lion Films films]]<br />
[[Category:1940s English-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Films by Powell and Pressburger]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in 1943]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Kent]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Kent]]<br />
[[Category:1940s road movies]]<br />
[[Category:World War II films made in wartime]]<br />
[[Category:1944 comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:1944 drama films]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Mirren&diff=1073914838Helen Mirren2022-02-25T10:34:48Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1073905224 by 2406:3400:912:D320:1516:A5A9:3166:2907 (talk) PLEASE READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men</p>
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<div>{{short description|English actor}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Dame]]<br />
| name = Helen Mirren<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}}<br />
| image = Helen Mirren-2208 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Mirren in 2020<br />
| alt = Mirren at the 2020 Berlin International Film Festival<br />
| birth_name = Helen Lydia Mironoff<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1945|7|26}}<br />
| birth_place = London, England<!--No boroughs/neighbourhoods, just cities per format.--><br />
| occupation = Actor<!-- READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR and it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --><br />
| citizenship = {{hlist|United Kingdom|United States}}<br />
| years_active = 1966–present<br />
| works = [[Helen Mirren on screen and stage|Full list]]<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Taylor Hackford]]|31 December 1997}}<br />
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Simon Mirren]] (nephew)|[[Tania Mallet]] (cousin)}}<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Full list]]<br />
| website = {{url|helenmirren.com}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dame Helen Lydia Mirren''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} ({{nee|'''Mironoff'''}}; born 26 July 1945) is an English<!--as per [[MOS:BIO]]; became notable as English and not British-American--> actor<!--PLEASE READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men (see article history) -->. The recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|numerous accolades]], she is the only person to achieve the [[Triple Crown of Acting]] in both the United States and [[Triple Crown (UK entertainment)|the United Kingdom]]. She received an [[Academy Award]] and a [[British Academy Film Award]] for her portrayal of [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'', a [[Tony Award]] and a [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for the same role in ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]'', three [[British Academy Television Awards]] for her performance as DCI Jane Tennison in ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', and four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]], including two for ''Prime Suspect''.<br />
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Excelling on stage with the [[National Youth Theatre]], Mirren's performance as [[Cleopatra]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' in 1965 saw her invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] before she made her [[West End theatre|West End]] stage debut in 1975. Since then, Mirren has also had success in television and film. Aside from her Academy Award-winning performance, Mirren's other Oscar-nominated performances were for ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001), and ''[[The Last Station]]'' (2009). For her role on ''Prime Suspect'', which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] (1992, 1993 and 1994), a joint-record of consecutive wins shared with [[Julie Walters]], and two [[Primetime Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/helen-mirren |title=Helen Mirren |website=[[Emmy Award]] |access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> Playing [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), and [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in the film ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), she is the only actor to have portrayed both the ''regnant'' Elizabeths on screen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Helen Mirren, at 75, remains the queen of acting |url=https://www.dw.com/en/why-helen-mirren-at-75-remains-the-queen-of-acting/a-52429296 |access-date=20 October 2020 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle|DW]]}}</ref><br />
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After her breakthrough film role in ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980), other notable film roles included ''[[Cal (1984 film)|Cal]]'' (1984), for which she won the [[Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress]], ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover]]'' (1989), ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003), ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'' (2012), ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' (2014), ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'' (2015), ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'' (2015), and ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' (2017). She also appeared in the action films ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'' (2010) and ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]'' (2013) playing an ex-[[MI6]] assassin, and in the ''[[Fast & Furious]]'' films ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'' (2017), ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]'' (2019), and ''[[F9 (film)|F9]]'' (2021).<br />
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In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref name="Damehood">{{London Gazette|issue=56963|supp=y|page=7 |date=14 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Ceremony">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |title=Dame Helen centre stage at palace |date=5 December 2003 |website=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725070213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |archive-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> In 2013 she was awarded a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]],<ref name="Walk of fame">{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |title=Helen Mirren Gets Hollywood Walk of Fame Star |date=4 January 2013 |website=[[Sky News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116224406/http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> and in 2014 she received the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]].<ref name="bafta.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/helen-mirren-fellowship-2014,4076,BA.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren&nbsp;– BAFTA Fellow in 2014 |date=26 January 2014 |website=BAFTA |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> In 2021, she was announced as the recipient of the [[Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grater |first1=Tom |title=Helen Mirren To Receive SAG Life Achievement Award |url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/helen-mirren-sag-life-achievement-award-1234876685/ |website=Deadline |date=18 November 2021 |access-date=November 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
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==Early life and education==<br />
<!-- Although it is common to have an 'a' at the end of a woman's patronymic, when Russian families moved to the UK, they often "froze" their surnames and didn't follow the old patronymic rules any more. The same applies to other nationalities like Icelandic and those from Nordic countries. Had she been born in Russia, Helen Mirren likely would have been named Yelena or Ilyena Vasilyeva Mironova. But she was born in the UK and was named Helen Lydia Mironoff --><br />
Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff at [[Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital]] in the [[Hammersmith]] district of [[London]]<ref name=birth>{{Cite web |url=http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=bmd%2fb%2f1945%2f3%2faz%2f000858%2f014 |title=England & Wales births 1837–2006 Transcription |website=[[Findmypast]] |access-date=6 June 2016 |quote=Her birth was registered in the Hammersmith registration district |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |title='Whenever I see the Queen, I think, "Oh ... there I am"': The right royal progress of Helen Mirren |first=Neil |last=Norman |date=10 March 2013 |newspaper=The Independent |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> on 26 July 1945,<ref name="biography.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/helen-mirren-547434 |title=Helen Mirren Biography: Actress (1945–) |website=[[Biography.com]] |publisher=[[FYI (TV network)|FYI]]/[[A&E Networks]] |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=ker>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002fa_fact1 |title=Command Performance: The reign of Helen Mirren |last=Lahr |first=John |date=2 October 2006 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=24 October 2010}}</ref> to an English mother and Russian father.<ref name=nationsmemory>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |title=Helen Mirren |website=Nation's Memorybank |access-date=5 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207044313/http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref> Her mother, Kathleen "Kitty" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (née Rogers; 1909–1996), was a working-class woman from [[West Ham]], the thirteenth of fourteen children born to a butcher whose own father had been the butcher to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name=nationsmemory/>{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=34}} Her father, Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913–1980), was a member of an exiled family of the [[Russian nobility]]; he had been taken to England at age two by his father, Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov.<ref name=nationsmemory/> Pyotr, who owned a family estate near Gzhatsk (now [[Gagarin, Smolensk Oblast|Gagarin]]), was part of the Russian aristocracy. Pyotr's mother, Mirren's great-grandmother, was Countess Lydia Andreevna Kamenskaya, aristocrat and a descendant of [[Mikhail Kamensky|Count Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky]], a prominent Russian general in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=ker/><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/news/tn-vsl-xpm-2006-09-28-lap-queen0921-story.html | title=Behind the Scene:God Save The Queen | date=28 September 2006 | work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | access-date=12 February 2020 | first=Susan E. | last=James}}</ref> Pyotr served as a colonel in the [[Imperial Russian Army]] and fought in the 1904 [[Russo-Japanese War]]. He later became a diplomat and was negotiating an arms deal in Britain when he and his family were stranded by the [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917.<ref name="NYTJacobs">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html | title=Helen Mirren Plays Catherine II in the Years That Made Her 'the Great' | date=21 October 2019 | work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=12 February 2020 | first=Julia | last=Jacobs}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |title=Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov Collection: The Russian Government Committee in London (1914–1939) |date=11 September 2009 |website=University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies Library |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> The former diplomat settled down in England, and became a London cab driver to support his family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/helen-mirrens-in-the-prime-of-life-7239430.html |title=Helen Mirren's in the prime of life |date=13 July 2017 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Vasily also worked as a cab driver and then played the viola with the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] before [[World War II]].<ref name=nationsmemory/> During the war, he worked as an ambulance driver and served in the [[East End of London]] during [[the Blitz]].{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=22}} He and Kathleen married in Hammersmith in 1938, and at some point before 1951 he anglicised his name to Basil.<ref name=Gazette/> After the birth of Helen, Basil left the orchestra and returned to cab-driving in order to support the family. He later worked as a driving-test examiner, before becoming a civil servant with the [[Department for Transport|Ministry of Transport]].<ref name="biography.com"/><ref name=nationsmemory/> In 1951, Basil changed the family name to Mirren by [[deed poll]].<ref name=Gazette>{{London Gazette |date=12 October 1951 |issue=39356 | page= 5331 |supp=y}}</ref> Mirren considers her upbringing to have been "very anti-monarchist".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |title=Helen Mirren, British Royal Tea? |first=Natalie |last=Finn |date=26 February 2007 |website=E! Online |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012090005/http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |archive-date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> She was the second of three children, born between older sister Katherine ("Kate"; born 1942) and younger brother Peter Basil (1947–2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/189510/helen-mirren-fondly-remembers-late-costar-alan-rickman |title=Helen Mirren fondly remembers late costar Alan Rickman |last=Nepales |first=Ruben V. |date=7 February 2016 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Her paternal cousin was [[Tania Mallet]], a model and [[Bond girl]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47772012 |title=Goldfinger actress dies aged 77 |date=1 April 2019 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Mirren was brought up in [[Leigh-on-Sea]], Essex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Helen Mirren interview |last=Piccalo |first=Gina |date=7 February 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=6 November 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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Mirren attended Hamlet Court primary school in [[Westcliff-on-Sea]], where she had the lead role in a school production of ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]'',{{sfn|Mirren|2011|pp=47–48}}<ref name=autobiography>{{cite book |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |first=Helen |last=Mirren |date=25 March 2008 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London, UK |isbn=978-1-41656-760-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/inframemylifeinw0000mirr }}</ref> and [[St Bernard's High School for Girls]] in [[Southend-on-Sea]], where she also acted in school productions. She then attended a teaching college, the [[Middlesex University|New College of Speech and Drama]] in London, "housed within [[Anna Pavlova]]'s old home, Ivy House" on North End Road, which runs from [[Hampstead]] to [[Golders Green]]. At age eighteen, she auditioned for the [[National Youth Theatre]] (NYT) and was accepted. At twenty, she played [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra]] in the NYT production of ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Old Vic]], a role which Mirren says "launched my career",<ref>{{cite news |title=Fame Academy: Where Daniel Craig, Helen Mirren and Colin Firth learned to act |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=22 April 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and led to her signing with agent [[Albert Parker (director)|Al Parker]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Waterman |first=Ivan |date=2003 |title=Helen Mirren: The Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Metro Books |pages=[https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 18–22, 26–29] |isbn=1843580535 }}</ref><br />
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==Theatre career==<br />
===Early years===<br />
As a result of her work for the National Youth Theatre, Mirren was invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (RSC). While with the RSC, she played Castiza in [[Trevor Nunn]]'s 1966 staging of ''[[The Revenger's Tragedy]]'', Diana in ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (1967), Cressida in ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'' (1968), Rosalind<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |title=Helen Mirren – Biography |website=TalkTalk.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233618/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> in ''[[As You Like It]]'' (1968), Julia in ''[[The Two Gentlemen of Verona]]'' (1970), Tatiana in [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]]'s ''Enemies'' at the [[Aldwych Theatre|Aldwych]] (1971), and the title role in ''[[Miss Julie]]'' at [[The Other Place (theatre)|The Other Place]] (1971). She also appeared in four productions, directed by [[Braham Murray]] for Century Theatre at the University Theatre in Manchester, between 1965 and 1967.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Braham |author-link=Braham Murray |date=2007 |title=The Worst It Can Be Is a Disaster |location=London, UK |publisher=Methuen Drama |isbn=978-0-7136-8490-2}}</ref><br />
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In 1970, the director and producer [[John Goldschmidt]] made a documentary film, ''Doing Her Own Thing'', about Mirren during her time with the Royal Shakespeare Company. Made for [[Associated TeleVision|ATV]], it was shown on the ITV network in the UK. In 1972 and 1973, Mirren worked with [[Peter Brook]]'s International Centre for Theatre Research and joined the group's tour in North Africa and the US, during which they created ''[[The Conference of the Birds]]''. She then rejoined the RSC, playing [[Lady Macbeth]] at [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre|Stratford]] in 1974 and at the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in 1975.<br />
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[[Sally Beauman]] reported, in her 1982 history of the RSC, that Mirren — while appearing in Nunn's ''Macbeth'' (1974), and in a letter to ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper — had sharply criticised both the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and the RSC for their lavish production expenditure, declaring it "unnecessary and destructive to the art of the Theatre", and adding, "The realms of truth, emotion and imagination reached for in acting a great play have become more and more remote, often totally unreachable across an abyss of costume and technicalities..." This started a big debate, and led to a question in parliament. There were no discernible repercussions for this rebuke of the RSC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/jul/23/helen-mirren-at-75-michael-billington |title=Helen Mirren at 75: wild costumes, blazing performances – and a spell as a rock banshee |newspaper=The Guardian |author=Michael Billington |date= 23 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beauman |first=Sally |author-link=Sally Beauman |date=1982 |title=The Royal Shakespeare Company: A History of Ten Decades |url=https://archive.org/details/royalshakespeare00sall |url-access=registration |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19212-209-4}}</ref><br />
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===West End and RSC===<br />
At the [[West End theatre|West End]]'s [[Royal Court Theatre]] in September 1975, she played the role of a rock star named Maggie in ''[[Teeth 'n' Smiles (play)|Teeth 'n' Smiles]]'', a musical play by [[David Hare (dramatist)|David Hare]]; she reprised the role the following year in a revival of the play at [[Wyndham's Theatre]] in May 1976.<br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren at Met Opera.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the opening of the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in 2008]]<br />
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Beginning in November 1975, Mirren played in West End repertory with the Lyric Theatre Company as Nina in ''[[The Seagull]]'' and Ella in [[Ben Travers]]'s new farce ''The Bed Before Yesterday'' ("Mirren is stirringly voluptuous as the [[Jean Harlow|Harlowesque]] good-time girl": [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]], ''The Guardian''). At the RSC in Stratford in 1977, and at the Aldwych the following year, she played a steely Queen Margaret in [[Terry Hands]]' production of the three parts of ''[[Henry VI (play)|Henry VI]]'', while 1979 saw her 'bursting with grace', and winning acclaim for her performance as Isabella in [[Peter Gill (playwright)|Peter Gill]]'s production of ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' at [[Riverside Studios]].<br />
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In 1981, she returned to the Royal Court for the London premiere of [[Brian Friel]]'s ''[[Faith Healer]]''. That same year she also won acclaim for her performance in the title role of [[John Webster]]'s ''[[The Duchess of Malfi]]'', a production of Manchester's [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange Theatre]] which was later transferred to [[The Roundhouse]] in [[Chalk Farm]], London. Reviewing her portrayal for ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'', [[Francis King]] wrote: "Miss Mirren never leaves it in doubt that even in her absences, this ardent, beautiful woman is the most important character of the story." In her performance as Moll Cutpurse in ''[[The Roaring Girl]]''—at the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre]] in January 1983, and at the [[Barbican Theatre]] in April 1983—she was described as having "swaggered through the action with radiant singularity of purpose, filling in areas of light and shade that even [[Thomas Middleton]] and [[Thomas Dekker (poet)|Thomas Dekker]] omitted."&nbsp;– [[Michael Coveney]], ''[[Financial Times]]'', April 1983.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Philip |title=Becoming Helen Mirren |date=2019 |publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of 1989, Mirren co-starred with [[Bob Peck]] at the [[Young Vic]] in the London premiere of the [[Arthur Miller]] double-bill, ''Two Way Mirror'', performances which prompted Miller to remark: "What is so good about English actors is that they are not afraid of the open expression of large emotions. British actors like to speak. In London, there’s a much more open-hearted kind of exchange between stage and audience" (interview by [[Sheridan Morley]]: ''[[The Times]]'' 11 January 1989).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bigsby |first1=Christopher |title=Arthur Miller: 1962-2005 |date=2011 |publisher=Hachette UK}}</ref> In ''[[Elegy for a Lady]]'' she played the svelte proprietress of a classy boutique, while as the blonde hooker in ''[[Some Kind of Love Story]]'' she was "clad in a Freudian slip and shifting easily from waif-like vulnerability to sexual aggression, giving the role a breathy Monroesque quality" (Michael Billington, ''The Guardian'').<ref>{{cite news |title=The Guardian from London, Greater London, England on January 25, 1989 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259882155/ |access-date=22 October 2020 |agency=Newspapers.com}}</ref><br />
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On 15 February 2013, at the West End's [[Gielgud Theatre]] she began a turn as [[Elizabeth II]] in the World Premiere of [[Peter Morgan]]'s ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |title=The Audience |website=Hit The Theatre.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232730/http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> The show was directed by [[Stephen Daldry]]. In April she was named best actress at the [[Olivier Awards]] for her role.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |title=Helen Mirren crowned queen of the stage |date=30 April 2013 |website=[[3 News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233730/http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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===Broadway debut===<br />
A further stage breakthrough came in 1994, in an [[Yvonne Arnaud Theatre]] production bound for the West End, when [[Bill Bryden]] cast her as Natalya Petrovna in [[Ivan Turgenev]]'s ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''. Her co-stars were [[John Hurt]] as her aimless lover Rakitin and [[Joseph Fiennes]] in only his second professional stage appearance as the cocksure young tutor Belyaev.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Month in the Country |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=4 March 1994 |newspaper=[[Richmond & Twickenham Times]] |quote=Instead of a bored Natalya fretting the summer away in dull frocks, Mirren, dazzlingly gowned, is a woman almost wilfully allowing her heart's desire for her son's young tutor to rule her head and wreak domestic havoc....Creamy shoulders bared, she feels free to launch into a gloriously enchanted, dreamily comic self-confession of love.}}</ref><br />
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Prior to 2015, Mirren had twice been nominated for Broadway's [[Tony Award]] for Best Actress in a Play: in 1995 for her Broadway debut in ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/26/theater/theater-review-turgenev-s-inquiry-into-calamitous-love.html |title=Theater Review; Turgenev's Inquiry Into Calamitous Love |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=26 April 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019 |quote=Miss Mirren's performance is bigger and more animated than the one she gave last year in an entirely different London production.}}</ref> and then again in 2002 for ''[[The Dance of Death (Strindberg)|The Dance of Death]]'', co-starring with Sir [[Ian McKellen]], their fraught rehearsal period coinciding with the terrorist attacks on New York on 11 September 2001.<ref name=autobiography/><br />
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On 7 June 2015‚ Mirren won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play‚ for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in ''The Audience'' (a performance which also won her the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best Actress). Her Tony Award win made her one of the few actors to achieve the US “[[Triple Crown of Acting#Helen Mirren|Triple Crown of Acting]]”, joining the ranks of acclaimed performers including [[Ingrid Bergman]]‚ Dame [[Maggie Smith]], and [[Al Pacino]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |work=Huffington Post |title=7 reasons to love Helen Mirren on her 70th birthday |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023072002/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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===National Theatre===<br />
In 1998, Mirren played [[Cleopatra]] to [[Alan Rickman]]'s [[Mark Antony|Antony]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]. The production received poor reviews; ''[[The Guardian]]'' called it "plodding spectacle rarely informed by powerful passion", while ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' said "the crucial sexual chemistry on which any great production ultimately depends is fatally absent".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |title=A case of hype and fall as Rickman and Mirren are put to the sword |last=Lister |first=David |date=23 October 1998 |newspaper=The Independent |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2000 [[Nicholas Hytner]], who had worked with Mirren on the film version of ''[[The Madness of King George]]'', cast her as Lady Torrance in his revival of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[Orpheus Descending]]'' at the [[Donmar Warehouse]] in London. Michael Billington, reviewing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', described her performance as "an exemplary study of an immigrant woman who has acquired a patina of resilient toughness but who slowly acknowledges her sensuality."<ref>{{cite news |title=Southern discomfort |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/jun/29/artsfeatures4 |access-date=22 April 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><br />
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At the National Theatre in November 2003 she again won praise playing Christine Mannon ("defiantly cool, camp and skittish", ''[[Evening Standard]]''; "glows with mature sexual allure", ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'') in a revival of [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]'' directed by [[Howard Davies (Theatre Director)|Howard Davies]]. "This production was one of the best experiences of my professional life, The play was four and a half hours long, and I have never known that kind of response from an audience ... It was the serendipity of a beautifully cast play, with great design and direction, It will be hard to be in anything better."<ref name=autobiography/> She played the title role in [[Jean Racine]]'s ''[[Phèdre]]'' at the National in 2009, in a production directed by [[Nicholas Hytner]]. The production was also staged at the [[Epidaurus#Theatre|Epidaurus amphitheatre]] on 11 and 12 July 2009.<br />
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==Film career==<br />
Mirren has appeared in a large number of films throughout her career. Some of her earlier film appearances include roles in [[Herostratus (film)|Herostratus]] (1967) Dir. Don Levy, ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)|Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' (1968), ''[[Age of Consent (film)|Age of Consent]]'' (1969), ''[[O Lucky Man!]]'' (1973), ''[[Caligula (film)|Caligula]]'' (1979),<ref name="VF2015" /><ref name="peop_Hele" /> ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980)—co-starring with [[Bob Hoskins]] in what was her breakthrough film role,<ref name="BBC 2014">“Dame Helen Mirren to receive Bafta fellowship”. BBC News. (27 January 2014). Retrieved 22 April 2020</ref> ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981), ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985), ''[[The Mosquito Coast (film)|The Mosquito Coast]]'' (1986), ''[[Pascali's Island (film)|Pascali's Island]]'' (1988) and ''[[When the Whales Came]]'' (1989). She appeared in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Some Mother's Son]]'' (1996), ''[[Painted Lady (mini series)|Painted Lady]]'' (1997) and ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="Mirren roles"/> In [[Peter Greenaway]]'s colorful ''[[The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover]]'', Mirren plays the wife opposite [[Michael Gambon]]. In ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), she plays sadistic history teacher Mrs Eve Tingle.<ref name="Mirren roles">{{cite news |title=All Helen Mirren's 61 movies|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/02/all-helen-mirrens-61-movies-ranked |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><br />
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In 2007, she claimed that the director [[Michael Winner]] had treated her "like a piece of meat" at a [[casting call]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=David Cameron keeps his distance from film director Michael Winner |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=3 May 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=30 December 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Asked about the incident, Winner told ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I don't remember asking her to turn around but if I did I wasn't being serious. I was only doing what the [casting] agent asked me&nbsp;– and for this I get reviled! Helen's a lovely person, she's a great actress and I'm a huge fan, but her memory of that moment is a little flawed."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |title=Susan Sarandon, Gwyneth Paltrow, Charlize Theron & More Casting Couch Horror Stories |date=16 November 2012 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020104842/http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |archive-date=20 October 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren continued her successful film career when she starred more recently in ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001) with [[Maggie Smith]] and ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003) with [[Julie Walters]]. Other more recent appearances include ''[[The Clearing (film)|The Clearing]]'' (2004), ''[[Pride (2004 film)|Pride]]'' (2004), ''[[Raising Helen]]'' (2004), and ''[[Shadowboxer]]'' (2005). Mirren also provided the voice for the supercomputer "[[Minor characters from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|Deep Thought]]" in the film adaptation of [[Douglas Adams]]'s ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' (2005). During her career, she has portrayed three British queens in different films and television series: [[Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), and [[Queen Charlotte|Charlotte]] in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994). She is the only actor to have portrayed both Queens Elizabeth on the screen.<ref name="BBC 2014"/><br />
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Mirren's title role of ''The Queen'' earned her numerous acting awards including a [[BAFTA]], a [[Golden Globe]], and an [[Academy Award]], among many others. During her acceptance speech at the Academy Award ceremony, she praised and thanked Elizabeth II and stated that she had maintained her dignity and weathered many storms during her reign. Mirren later appeared in supporting roles in the films ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]'', ''[[Inkheart (film)|Inkheart]]'', ''[[State of Play (film)|State of Play]]'', and ''[[The Last Station]]'', for which she was nominated for an Oscar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |title=Nominees & Winners for the 82nd Academy Awards |date=24 August 2012 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5p6kTm4hN?url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |archive-date=19 April 2010}}</ref><br />
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===2000–2009===<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren at the Orange British Academy Film Awards.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the [[60th British Academy Film Awards]] in 2007, where she won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]]]]<br />
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Mirren's first film of the 2000s was [[Joel Hershman]]'s ''[[Greenfingers]]'' (2000), a comedy based on the true story about the prisoners of [[Leyhill Prison|HMP Leyhill]], a minimum-security prison, who won gardening awards.<ref name="Deitz">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/garden/free-to-grow-bluebells-in-england.html |title=Free to Grow Bluebells in England |last=Deitz |first=Paula |date=16 July 1998 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=13 |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren portrayed a devoted plantswoman in the film, who coaches a team of prison gardeners, led by [[Clive Owen]], to victory at a prestigious flower show.<ref name="Ramsey">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/22/movies/film-never-too-tough-to-be-softened-up-by-a-flower.html |title=Film; Never Too Tough to Be Softened Up by a Flower |last=Ramsey |first=Nancy |page=22 |date=22 July 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> The project received lukewarm reviews, which suggested that it added "nothing new to this already saturated genre" of [[Britcom|British feel-good films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greenfingers/ |title=Greenfingers (2000) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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The same year, she began work on the mystery film ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'', [[Sean Penn]]'s third directorial effort, in which she played a child psychologist. A critical success,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1104203-pledge |title=The Pledge (2001) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> the [[ensemble film]] tanked at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/entertainment/1332122.stm |title=US directors laud Cannes audiences |date=15 May 2001 |website=BBC News |access-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> Also that year, she filmed the American-Icelandic satirical drama ''[[No Such Thing (film)|No Such Thing]]'' opposite [[Sarah Polley]]. Directed by [[Hal Hartley]], Mirren portrayed a soulless television producer in the film, who strives for sensationalistic stories. It was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/no_such_thing/ |title=No Such Thing (2001) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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Her biggest critical and commercial success, released in 2001, became [[Robert Altman]]'s all-star ensemble mystery film ''[[Gosford Park]]''. A [[homage (arts)|homage]] to writer [[Agatha Christie]]'s [[whodunit]] style, the story follows a party of wealthy Britons and an American, and their servants, who gather for a shooting weekend at an [[English country house]], resulting in an unexpected murder. It received multiple awards and nominations, including a second [[Academy Award]] nomination and first [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Screen Actors Guild Award]] win for Mirren's portrayal of the sternly devoted head servant Mrs. Wilson.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/gosford-park-big-winner-article-1.485902 |title='Gosford Park' Big Winner |first=Jack |last=Mathews |date=11 March 2002 |newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Fred Schepisi]]'s dramedy film ''[[Last Orders (film)|Last Orders]]'' opposite [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]].<ref name="Mirren roles"/><br />
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In 2003, Mirren starred in [[Nigel Cole]]'s comedy ''[[Calendar Girls]]'', inspired by the true story of a group of [[Yorkshire]] women who produced a [[nude calendar]] to raise money for [[Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research|Leukaemia Research]] under the auspices of the [[Women's Institutes]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/12/23/earlyshow/leisure/main590034.shtml |title=Helen Mirren's ''Calendar Girls'' |first=Rome |last=Neal |date=24 December 2003 |website=[[CBS News]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> Mirren initially was reluctant to join the project, dismissing it as another middling British picture,<ref name="mc1">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504225925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo&feature=related| archive-date=2017-05-04|title=2009&nbsp;– Movie Connections&nbsp;– Calendar Girls (2/4) |author=[[Movie Connections]] |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> but rethought her decision upon learning of the casting of co-star [[Julie Walters]].<ref name="mc1"/> The film was generally well received by critics, and grossed $96 million worldwide.<ref name="bom">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=calendargirls.htm |title=Calendar Girls (2003) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, the picture earned [[Satellite Award|Satellite]], [[Golden Globe]], and [[European Film Award]] nominations for Mirren.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0337909/awards |title=Awards for ''Calendar Girls'' |website=Internet Movie Database |access-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> Her other film that year was the [[Showtime Networks|Showtime]] television film ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' opposite [[Olivier Martinez]], and [[Anne Bancroft]], based on the 1950 novel of the same title by [[Tennessee Williams]].<br />
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===2010–2014===<br />
In 2010, Mirren appeared in five films. In ''[[Love Ranch]]'', directed by her husband [[Taylor Hackford]], she portrayed [[Joe Conforte|Sally Conforte]], one half of a married couple who opened the first legal [[brothel]] in the US, the [[Mustang Ranch]] in [[Storey County, Nevada]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/04/helen_mirrens_brothel_movie_to.html |title=Helen Mirren's Brothel Movie to Open |last=Brown |first=Lane |date=6 April 2010 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren starred in the principal role of [[Prospero|Prospera]], the duchess of [[Milan]], in [[Julie Taymor]]'s ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]''. This was based on the [[The Tempest|play of the same name]] by [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]; Taymor changed the original character's gender to cast Mirren as her lead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |title=Mirren 'to star in Tempest film' |date=8 October 2008 |website=BBC News |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5s5JwHeIV?url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |archive-date=18 August 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While the actor garnered strong reviews for her portrayal, the film itself was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tempest |title=The Tempest (2010) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren at the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
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Mirren played a gutsy tea-shop owner who tries to save one of her young employees from marrying a teenage killer in [[Rowan Joffé]]'s ''[[Brighton Rock (2010 film)|Brighton Rock]]'', a [[crime film]] loosely based on [[Graham Greene]]'s 1938 [[Brighton Rock (novel)|novel]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |title=Helen Mirren: Interview |first=Ben |last=Walters |date=2 June 2015 |magazine=Time Out |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128223000/http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |archive-date=28 January 2016 }}</ref> The [[film noir]] [[Film premiere|premiered]] at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] in September 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |title=At TIFF: ''Brighton Rock'' Extends the Graham Greene Adaptation Curse |first=Michelle |last=Orange |date=13 September 2010 |website=Movieline.com |access-date=27 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916205701/http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |archive-date=16 September 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> where it received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/movies/brighton-rock-film-of-graham-greene-novel-review.html |title=A Meek Rose Amid the Mods and Rockers in an English Resort Town |first=Stephen |last=Holden |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=25 August 2011 |website= The New York Times |access-date=27 August 2011}}</ref> Mirren's biggest critical and commercial success of the year was [[Robert Schwentke]]'s ensemble action comedy ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'', based on [[Warren Ellis]]’s graphic novel, in which she portrayed Victoria, an ex-[[MI6]] assassin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |title=Casting Notes: Alan Cumming in Burlesque; Mirren Does Espionage; Dempsey Steals Laughs; Weaver and Shawkat Hit Cedar Rapids |first=Russ |last=Fischer |date=4 November 2009 |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=19 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120911192241/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |archive-date=11 September 2012}}</ref> Mirren was initially hesitant to sign on due to film's graphic violence, but changed her mind upon learning of [[Bruce Willis]]' involvement.<ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |title=Majestic Mirren |first=Emanuel |last=Levy |date=15 October 2010 |newspaper=Financial Times |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Released to positive reviews, it grossed $186.5 million worldwide.<ref name="mojo" >{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2010.htm |title=RED (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Also in 2010, the actor lent her voice to [[Zack Snyder]]'s computer-animated fantasy film ''[[Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole]]'', voicing [[antagonist]] Nyra, a leader of a group of owls. The film grossed $140.1 million on an $80 million budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=guardiansofgahoole.htm |title=Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=15 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's next film was the comedy film ''[[Arthur (2011 film)|Arthur]]'', a remake of the 1981 [[Arthur (1981 film)|film of the same name]], starring [[Russell Brand]] in the lead role. ''Arthur'' received generally negative reviews from critics, who declared it an "irritating, unnecessary remake."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/arthur_2011/ |title=Arthur (2011) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> In preparation for her role as a retired Israeli [[Mossad]] agent in the film ''[[The Debt (2011 film)|The Debt]]'', Mirren reportedly immersed herself in studies of Hebrew language, Jewish history, and [[Holocaust]] writing, including the life of [[Simon Wiesenthal]], while in Israel in 2009 for the filming of some of the movie's scenes. The film is a remake of a [[The Debt (2007 film)|2007 Israeli film of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/mirren-learning-hebrew-for-movie-role_1096343 |title=Mirren Learning Hebrew For Movie Role |date=27 February 2009 |website=ContactMusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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In 2012, Mirren played [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s wife [[Alma Reville]] in the 2012 biopic ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'', directed by [[Sacha Gervasi]] and based on [[Stephen Rebello]]'s non-fiction book ''[[Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho]]''. The film centres on the pair's relationship during the making of ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'', a controversial [[horror film]] that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker's career. It became a moderate arthouse success and garnered a lukewarm critical response from critics, who felt that it suffered from "tonal inconsistency and a lack of truly insightful retrospection."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/hitchcock |title=Hitchcock (2012) |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> Mirren was universally praised, however, with [[Roger Ebert]] noting that the film depended most on her portrayal, which he found to be "warm and effective."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20121120/REVIEWS/121129996 |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=20 November 2012 |title=Hitchcock |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> Her other film that year was ''[[The Door (2012 film)|The Door]]'', a claustrophobic drama film directed by [[István Szabó]], based on the Hungarian novel of the same name. Set at the height of [[communist]] rule in 1960s Hungary, the story of the adaptation centres on the abrasive influence that a mysterious housekeeper wields over her employer and successful novelist, played [[Martina Gedeck]]. Mirren found the role "difficult to play" and cited doing it as "one of the hardest things [she has] ever done."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/mirren-steps-through-a-new-door-20120718-22ahn.html |title=Mirren steps through a new door |first=Philippa |last=Hawker |date=19 July 2012 |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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[[File:HelenMirrenHWOFJan2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren receiving a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013]]<br />
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The following year, Mirren replaced [[Bette Midler]] in [[David Mamet]]'s biographical television film ''[[Phil Spector (film)|Phil Spector]]'' about [[Phil Spector|the American musician]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/22/phil-spector-s-jersey-girl-lawyer-meet-the-real-linda-kenney-baden.html |title=Phil Spector's Jersey Girl Lawyer: Meet the Real Linda Kenney Baden |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |date=22 March 2013 |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> The [[HBO]] film focuses on the relationship between Spector and his defense attorney Linda Kenney Baden, played by Mirren, during the first of his two [[Phil Spector#Murder conviction|murder trials for the death in 2003]] of [[Lana Clarkson]] in his California mansion. ''Spector'' received largely mixed to positive reviews from critics, particularly for Mirren and co-star [[Al Pacino]]'s performances, and was nominated for eleven [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, also winning Mirren a [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie|Screen Actors Guild Award]] at the [[20th Screen Actors Guild Awards|20th awards ceremony]]. The film drew criticism both from Clarkson's family and friends, who charged that the suicide defense was given more merit than it deserved, and from Spector's wife, who argued that Spector was portrayed as a "foul-mouthed megalomaniac" and a "minotaur".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2013/03/15/friends_of_lana_clarkson_protest_hbo_film_phil_spector/ |title=Friends of Lana Clarkson protest HBO film "Phil Spector" |last=Gupta |first=Prachi |date=15 March 2013 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref> Also in 2013, Mirren voiced the character of Dean Abigail Hardscrabble in [[Pixar]]'s computer-animated comedy film ''[[Monsters University]]'', which grossed $743 million against its estimated budget of $200 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monstersinc2.htm |title=Monsters University (2013) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=20 December 2013}}</ref> and reprised her role in the sequel film ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]''.<ref name="Mirren">{{cite web |url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |title=Helen Mirren Says She's Ready For 'Red' Sequel: 'Just Get Me The Script' |last=Warner |first=Kara |date=29 March 2011 |website=[[MTV News]] |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6B7a76z3q?url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |archive-date=2 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The action comedy received a mixed reviews from film critics, who called it a "lackadaisical sequel",<ref name="TheWrap">{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/red-2-review-bruce-willis-sequel-dies-hard-lands-dull-thud-102681 |title='Red 2' Review: Bruce Willis Sequel Dies Hard, Lands With Dull Thud |last=Gilchrist |first=Todd |date=15 July 2013 |website=[[The Wrap]] |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref> but became another commercial success, making over $140 million worldwide.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=Red 2 (2013) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2.htm |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2014 was the comedy-drama ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' opposite the Indian actor [[Om Puri]]. Directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and produced by [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Oprah Winfrey]], the film is based on [[Richard C. Morais]]' 2010 novel [[The Hundred-Foot Journey|with the same name]] and tells the story of a feud between two adjacent restaurants in a French town. Mirren garnered largely positive reviews for her performance of a snobby restaurateur, a role which she accepted as she was keen to play a French character, reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."<ref name="collider1">{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/helen-mirren-hundred-foot-journey-trumbo-interview/ |title=Helen Mirren Talks 'The Hundred-Foot Journey', Working with Om Puri, What She Looks For in Choosing Projects, 'Trumbo', and More |last1=Roberts |first1=Sheila |date=31 July 2014 |website=Collider |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The film earned her another [[Golden Globe]] nomination and became a modest commercial success, grossing $88.9 million worldwide.<ref name=BOM2>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=100foot.htm |title=The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref><br />
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===2015–present===<br />
[[File:The Leisure Seeker 06 (36402080733).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren attending the premiere of ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' at the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
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In 2015, Mirren reunited with her former assistant [[Simon Curtis (filmmaker)|Simon Curtis]] on ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'', co-starring [[Ryan Reynolds]].<ref name="collider1"/> The film was based on the true story of Jewish refugee [[Maria Altmann]], who, together with her young lawyer [[E. Randol Schoenberg|Randy Schoenberg]], fought the Austrian government to be reunited with [[Gustav Klimt]]'s painting of her aunt, the famous ''[[Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gustav-klimt-birthday-woman-in-gold_55a52d3de4b0a47ac15d61af |title=Gustav Klimt Painted Much More Than 'The Woman In Gold' |last1=Valentine |first1=Colin |date=14 July 2015 |website=Huffpost Arts & Culture |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics, although Mirren and Reynold's performances were widely praised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Woman in Gold (2015) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/woman_in_gold/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> A commercial success, ''Woman in Gold'' became one of the highest-grossing specialty films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/the-20-highest-grossing-indies-of-2015-a-running-list-1 |title=The 20 Highest Grossing Indies of 2015 (A Running List) |first=Kate |last=Erbland |date=29 December 2015 |website=Indiewire |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The same year, Mirren appeared in [[Gavin Hood]]'s thriller ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), in which she played as a military intelligence officer who leads a secret [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone]] mission to capture a terrorist group living in [[Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/aaron-paul-helen-mirren-join-colin-firth-in-thriller-eye-in-the-sky/ |title=Aaron Paul, Helen Mirren Join Colin Firth in Thriller 'Eye in the Sky' |last1=Sneider |first1=Jeff |date=16 May 2014 |website=The Wrap |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Jay Roach]]'s biographical drama ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'', co-starring [[Bryan Cranston]] and [[Diane Lane]]. The actor played [[Hedda Hopper]], the famous actor and [[gossip columnist]], in the film, which received generally positive reviews from critics and garnered her a 14th Golden Globe nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/trumbo/ |title=Trumbo (2015) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2016 was ''[[Collateral Beauty]]'', directed by [[David Frankel]]. Co-Starring [[Will Smith]], [[Keira Knightley]], and [[Kate Winslet]], the ensemble drama follows a man who copes with his daughter's death by writing letters to [[time]], [[death]], and [[love]]. The film earned largely negative reviews from critics, who called it "well-meaning but fundamentally flawed."<ref name="reviews">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/will-smith-collateral-beauty-lowest-box-office-opening-rotten-tomatoes-1201873153/ |title=How Critics' "Schoolyard Assault" On 'Collateral Beauty' Turned Ugly For Will Smith Pic |first=Anthony |last= D'Alessandro |date=18 December 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=reviews2>{{cite web |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/12/13/collateral-beauty-reviews-roundup/ |title=Collateral Beauty reviews: Will Smith movie slammed by critics |first=Danielle |last=Jackson |date=13 December 2016 |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Mirren narrated ''[[Cries from Syria]]'', a [[documentary film]] about the [[Syrian Civil War]], directed by [[Evgeny Afineevsky]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/markets-festivals/hbo-cries-from-syria-1201957096/ |title=HBO Nabs 'Cries From Syria' Documentary Ahead of Sundance |first=Brent |last=Lang |date=10 January 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> Also that year, she made an uncredited [[cameo appearance]] in [[F. Gary Gray]]'s ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'', the eighth instalment in [[The Fast and the Furious|''The Fast and the Furious'' franchise]], playing Magdalene, the mother of Owen and [[Deckard Shaw]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1635570/how-helen-mirren-ended-up-in-the-fate-of-the-furious-according-to-vin-diesel |title=How Helen Mirren Ended Up In The Fate Of The Furious, According To Vin Diesel |first=Gregory |last=Wakeman |date=14 March 2017 |website=Cinemablend.com |access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> Mirren had a larger role in director [[Paolo Virzì]]'s English-language debut ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'', based on the [[The Leisure Seeker (novel)|2009 novel of the same name]]. On set, she was reunited with [[Donald Sutherland]] with whom she had not worked again since ''[[Bethune: The Making of a Hero]]'' (1990),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/cannes-helen-mirren-and-donald-sutherland-to-topline-paolo-virzis-the-leisure-seeker-exclusive-1201772430/ |title=Cannes: Helen Mirren and Donald Sutherland to Topline Paolo Virzì's 'The Leisure Seeker' |first1=Nick |last1=Vivarelli |first2=Elsa |last2=Keslassy |date=12 May 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> portraying a terminally ill couple who escape from their retirement home and take one last cross-country adventure in a vintage van.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-donald-sutherland-team-up-for-the-leisure-seeker-cannes-1201754273/ |title=Helen Mirren & Donald Sutherland Team For 'The Leisure Seeker' – Cannes |first=Ali |last=Jaafar |date=12 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> At the [[75th Golden Globe Awards|75th awards ceremony]], Mirren received her 15th [[Golden Globe]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List |first=Rebecca |last=Rubin |date=11 December 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref><br />
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In 2018, Mirren portrayed heiress [[Sarah Winchester]] in the supernatural horror film ''[[Winchester (film)|Winchester]]'', directed by [[The Spierig Brothers]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-takes-aim-at-playing-firearm-heiress-in-hot-cannes-package-winchester-1201755962/ |title=Helen Mirren Takes Aim At Playing Firearm Heiress In Hot Cannes Package 'Winchester' |first=Mike Jr. |last=Fleming |date=14 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref> In the same year, she starred as Mother Ginger in Disney's adaptation of ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', titled ''[[The Nutcracker and the Four Realms]]'', directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and [[Joe Johnston]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/helen-mirren-nutcracker-disney-1201844942/ |title=Helen Mirren Joins Disney's 'The Nutcracker' |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=25 August 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> In 2019, she appeared in the ensemble film ''[[Berlin, I Love You]]'', the French crime thriller film ''[[Anna (2019 feature film)|Anna]]'', directed and written by [[Luc Besson]], and co-starred in the ''Fast and the Furious'' spin-off ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]''.<ref name="Oct2017V">{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/luc-besson-anna-helen-mirren-luke-evans-1202584144/ |title=Luc Besson Sets Next Film 'Anna' With Helen Mirren, Luke Evans |first1=Elsa |last1=Keslassy |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |date=9 October 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> In March 2021, she was cast as the villain Hespera in the upcoming superhero film ''[[Shazam! Fury of the Gods]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=March 23, 2021 |title='Shazam: Fury Of The Gods': Helen Mirren To Play Villain Hespera In Sequel |url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323221810/https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |archive-date=March 23, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2021 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><br />
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Mirren is set to portray [[Golda Meir]], prime minister of Israel 1969–1974, in a [[biopic]] entitled ''[[Golda (film)|Golda]]''. As at April 2021 the film was in production.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Helen Mirren to Play Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir in Biopic Set During Yom Kippur War|url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2021/04/06/helen-mirren-to-play-israeli-prime-minister-golda-meir-in-biopic-set-during-yom-kippur-war/|access-date=2021-04-06|website=Algemeiner.com|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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==Television career==<br />
=== ''Prime Suspect'' ===<br />
Mirren is known for her role as detective Jane Tennison in the widely viewed ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', a multiple award-winning television drama series that was noted for its high quality and popularity. Her portrayal of Tennison won her [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] between 1992 and 1994 (making her one of four actors to have received three consecutive [[BAFTA TV Awards]] for a role, alongside [[Robbie Coltrane]], [[Julie Walters]] and [[Michael Gambon]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/dame-helen-mirren-10-things-202365 |title=Dame Helen Mirren: 10 things you need to know about the Oscar nominated actress |date=18 February 2010 |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> Primarily due to ''Prime Suspect'', in 2006 Mirren came 29th on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]’s poll of [[TV's 50 Greatest Stars]] voted by the British public.<ref name="Poll">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5142726.stm|title=ITV to salute '50 greatest stars'|date=3 July 2006|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC Online]]|access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><br />
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=== Other roles ===<br />
Mirren's other television performances include ''[[Cousin Bette]]'' (1971); ''[[BBC Television Shakespeare|As You Like It]]'' (1979); ''[[Blue Remembered Hills]]'' (1979); ''[[The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' episode "[[Dead Woman's Shoes (The Twilight Zone)|Dead Woman's Shoes]]" (1985); ''[[The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)|The Passion of Ayn Rand]]'' (1999), where her performance won her an [[Emmy]]; ''[[Door to Door (film)|Door to Door]]'' (2002); and ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' (2003). In 1976, she appeared with [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Alan Bates]] and [[Malcolm McDowell]] in a production of [[Harold Pinter]]'s ''[[The Collection (play)|The Collection]]'' as part of the ''[[Laurence Olivier Presents]]'' series. She also played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in 2005, in the television serial ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'', for [[Channel 4]] and [[HBO]], for which she received an [[Emmy Award]] and a [[Golden Globe Award]]. Mirren won another Emmy Award on 16 September 2007 for her role in ''[[Prime Suspect|Prime Suspect: The Final Act]]'' on PBS in the same category as in 2006. Mirren hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' on 9 April 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://watching-tv.ew.com/2011/04/10/saturday-night-live-helen-mirren-foo-fighters/ |title='Saturday Night Live' recap: Helen Mirren transcended a laugh-lite 'SNL' |last=Tucker |first=Ken |date=10 April 2011 |website=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren figure at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|upright|Waxwork of Mirren at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]<br />
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Mirren lived with Northern Irish actor [[Liam Neeson]] during the early 1980s; they met while working on ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981). When interviewed by [[James Lipton]] for ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]'', Neeson said Mirren was instrumental in him getting an agent.<br />
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Mirren began dating American director [[Taylor Hackford]] in 1986. They were married on 31 December 1997 at the [[Ardersier]] Parish Church near [[Inverness]] in the [[Scottish Highlands]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Dame Helen Mirren fights sewage plant plan in quiet fishing village where she got married |date=30 May 2016 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=20 January 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The couple met on the set of ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985). It is her first marriage and his third (he has two children from his previous marriages). Mirren has no children, stating she has "no maternal instinct whatsoever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/mirren%20i%20have%20no%20maternal%20instinct_1023284 |title=Mirren: 'I Have No Maternal Instinct' |date=26 February 2007 |website=Contactmusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's autobiography, ''In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures'', was published in the UK by [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] in September 2007. Reviewing for ''[[The Stage]]'', John Thaxter wrote: "Sumptuously illustrated, at first sight it looks like another of those photo albums of the stars. But between the pictures there are almost 200 pages of densely printed text, an unusually frank story of her private and professional life, mainly in the theatre, the words clearly Mirren's own, delivered with forthright candour."<ref>{{cite news |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=1 November 2007 |newspaper=The Stage}}</ref><br />
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In 1990, Mirren stated in an interview that she is an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sunday Review Pages: Helen Mirren interview |last=Garfield |first=Simon |date=25 November 1990 |newspaper=The Independent |page=27 |quote=Sometimes I feel like a farmer during a war, someone who doesn't know very much about it and carries on digging, hoping for rain. But just the last few days I've had this terrible feeling of... doom. It's a, er, [[Bible|biblical]], kind of [[Old Testament]] feeling. I'm an atheist, but I was suddenly thinking of those stories of the flood and punishment. Because we've become unbelievably greedy and destructive.}}</ref> In the August 2011 issue of ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', Mirren said, "I am quite spiritual. I believed in fairies when I was a child. I still do sort of believe in the fairies. And the leprechauns. But I don't believe in God."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/helen-mirren-quotes-0811 |title=Helen Mirren: What I've Learned |last=Fussman |first=Cal |date=7 July 2011 |magazine=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |access-date=8 January 2013}}</ref><br />
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In a 2008 interview with ''[[GQ]]'', Mirren revealed she was [[date rape]]d as a student, and had often taken [[cocaine]] at parties in her twenties and until the 1980s.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/09/01/helen.mirren.rape/index.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren in date-rape revelation |date=1 September 2008 |publisher=CNN |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref><ref name=indie>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |title=Mirren talks of her date-rapes, then provokes furore with views on sex attackers |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |date=1 September 2008 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref> She stopped using the drug after reading that [[Klaus Barbie]] made a living from cocaine dealing.<ref name=cnn/><ref name=indie/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7591142.stm |title=Dame Helen in cocaine admission |date=1 September 2008 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901101327/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2008 |title='The Queen' actress Dame Helen Mirren reveals former love of cocaine |last=Simpson |first=Aislinn |date=31 August 2008 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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On 11 May 2010, Mirren attended the unveiling of her waxwork at [[Madame Tussauds]] in London. In 2012, she was among the [[List of cultural icons of England|British cultural icons]] selected by the artist Sir [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]] to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork&nbsp;– the Beatles' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' album cover&nbsp;– to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admires.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited |title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday |first=Caroline |last=Davies |date=2 April 2012 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026 |title=Sir Peter Blake's new Beatles' Sgt Pepper's album cover |date=2 April 2012 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2010, she was named Sexiest Woman Alive by ''Esquire'', and in a 2011 photo shoot for the magazine she stripped down and then covered up with the [[Union Jack]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Helen Mirren shows off her patriotism in Esquire photo shoot |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/helen-mirren-shows-off-her-patriotism-in-esquire-photo-shoot.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAL-vIbYr3zdTdvehdRUc0lnYjJRXjrH4_m5WPohtumjKkQF5ZjHQLJtDu-wBH128akA-SIGhwuqIxJGGVah71ko93k0SrMjCBGWYNe6o4pAX1bMxdQKNuPUDWP0gRMadkT21jNy7mPWtoRB9gY_JEBadANEeCY_pMxeHk9kSdO2G |access-date=25 October 2020 |publisher=Yahoo}}</ref><br />
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In 2013, Mirren was announced as one of several new models for [[Marks & Spencer]]'s "Womanism" campaign. Subtitled "Britain's leading ladies", the campaign saw Mirren appear alongside British women from various fields, including pop singer [[Ellie Goulding]], double Olympic gold medal-winning boxer [[Nicola Adams]], and writer [[Monica Ali]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/aug/19/marks-spencer-new-ad-annie-leibowitz |title=Marks & Spencer's new ad: what does it mean? |first=Lauren |last=Cochrane |date=19 August 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In March 2013, ''The Guardian'' listed Mirren as one of the 50 best-dressed over 50.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s |title=The 50 best-dressed over 50s |first=Jess |last=Cartner-Morley |date=29 March 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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She told the ''[[Radio Times]]'', "I'm a [[naturism|naturist]] at heart. I love being on beaches where everyone is naked. Ugly people, beautiful people, old people, whatever. It's so unisexual and so liberating."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-09-19/celebrity-nudists-the-stars-who-like-to-let-it-all-hang-out |title=Celebrity nudists: the stars who like to let it all hang out |date=19 September 2014 |magazine=Radio Times |location=London |access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref> In 2004, she was named "Naturist of the Year" by [[British Naturism]]. She said: "Many thanks to British Naturism for this great honour. I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!"<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |title=Dame Helen Mirren named 'Naturist of the Year' |date=8 January 2012 |website=British Naturism |access-date=26 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004094251/http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |archive-date=4 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
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Mirren became a [[U.S. citizen]] in 2017 and voted in her first U.S. election in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/oscar-winner-tahoe-resident-helen-mirren-casts-1st-american-vote|title=Oscar winner, Tahoe resident Helen Mirren casts 1st American vote| date=15 October 2020 |newspaper=Tahoe Daily Tribune |location=Tahoe, Nevada |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/|website=[[Record-Courier (Nevada)|The Record-Courier]]|title='The Queen' casts her ballot in Minden|date=17 October 2020|last=Hildebrand|first=Kurt}}</ref><br />
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In April 2021, she took part in the [[music video]] "La Vacinada" (meaning ''the vaccinated woman'' in broken [[Spanish language]]) of Italian comedian and singer [[Checco Zalone]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/checco-zalone-pokes-fun-at-helen-mirrens-age-in-viral-video-9xgd0q99d|title=Checco Zalone pokes fun at Helen Mirren's age in viral video|publisher=thetimes.co.uk|date=1 May 2021|access-date=2 May 2021}}</ref><br />
In said song and video, Zalone jokes about the fact that, in times of [[Covid-19 pandemic]], it is safer to have an [[affair]] with someone who has already been [[vaccinated]] against the [[virus]], and as [[the elderly]] get vaccinated first, a higher-aged partner (played by Mirren in the video) is now the best choice.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title='The Telegraph' recap: Helen Mirren joins Italy's best known comic in light-hearted sketch to promote Covid-19 vaccine |last=Squires|first=Nick|date=30 April 2021 |website=The Telegraph |access-date=30 April 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br />
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== Acting credits ==<br />
{{main|Helen Mirren on screen and stage}}<br />
<br />
==Awards and honours==<br />
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren}}<br />
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Among her major competitive awards, Mirren has won one [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]], four [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA Awards]], three [[Golden Globe Award]]s, four [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, and one [[Tony Award]]. Her numerous honorary awards include the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] and Gala Tribute presented by the [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]].<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/45th-chaplin-award-gala-will-honor-helen-mirren/ |title=45th Chaplin Award Gala Will Honor Helen Mirren |publisher=Film Society of Lincoln Center |date=14 October 2017|access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref><br />
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In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]] in December.<ref name="Damehood"/><ref name="Ceremony"/> In January 2009, Mirren was named on ''[[The Times]]''' list of the top 10 British actresses of all time. The list included [[Julie Andrews]], [[Helena Bonham Carter]], [[Judi Dench]] and [[Audrey Hepburn]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5502980.ece |title=The best British film actresses of all time |date=12 January 2009 |work=The Times |location=London | first=James | last=Christopher | access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref><br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[List of British actors]]<br />
*[[List of British Academy Award nominees and winners]]<br />
*[[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]<br />
*[[List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="VF2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/11/helen-mirren-nude-scene |title=Helen Mirren Reveals The One Nude Scene She Didn't Mind Filming |last=Miller |first=Julie |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<ref name="peop_Hele">{{cite web |url=http://www.people.com/article/helen-mirren-talks-nude-scenes |title=Helen Mirren Reveals Her Favorite Nude Scenes Were for Caligula: 'Everyone Was Naked' |last=McNiece |first=Mia |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=People |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
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==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book | last= Mirren | first= Helen | title= In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=BoEtOA98XQAC | publisher= [[Simon & Schuster]] | date=2011 | isbn= 9781416573418 }}<br />
* Ward, Philip (2019). ''Becoming Helen Mirren''. Troubador Press. {{ISBN|9781838597146}}. A survey of the actress's early career.<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{sister project links|b=no|commons=Category:Helen Mirren|d=Q349391|n=no|q=Helen Mirren|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|545}}<br />
* {{IBDB name|53256}}<br />
* {{Tcmdb name|132793}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|260}}<br />
* {{Worldcat id|lccn-n87-927316}}<br />
* {{NYTtopic|people/m/helen_mirren}}<br />
;''Interviews:''<br />
* {{Cite episode |title=Helen Mirren |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p009mk5j |series=Desert Island Discs |series-link=Desert Island Discs |station=BBC Radio 4 |date=3 December 1982}}<br />
* {{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/dame-helen-mirren-im-an-essex-girl-6mh0b6wd3nm |first=Kevin |last=Maher |title=Dame Helen Mirren: I'm an Essex Girl |newspaper=The Times |location=London, UK |date=12 February 2010}}<br />
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{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Awards for Helen Mirren]]<br />
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{{AcademyAwardBestActress 2001-2020}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actress 2000-2019}}<br />
{{British Academy Television Award for Best Actress 1980-1999}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards}}<br />
{{Prix d'interprétation féminine 1980–1999}}<br />
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{DramaDesk PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActress 1976-2000}}<br />
{{European Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{European Film Academy Achievement in World Cinema Award}}<br />
{{Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Lincoln Center Gala Tribute}}<br />
{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureDrama 2001-2020}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressTVMiniseriesFilm}}<br />
{{GoldenOrangeHonoraryAward}}<br />
{{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}}<br />
{{Honorary Golden Bear}}<br />
{{OlivierAward PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress 2001-present}}<br />
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Motion Picture}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Television Miniseries or Film}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Supporting Actress Series Miniseries or Television Film}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleLeadMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleSupportMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleTVMiniseriesMovie}}<br />
{{Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award}}<br />
{{Stanislavsky Award}}<br />
{{St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{TonyAward PlayLeadActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{TFCA Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Volpi Cup for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
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{{Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirren, Helen}}<br />
[[Category:1945 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses awarded British damehoods]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Essex]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Middlesex University]]<br />
[[Category:Audiobook narrators]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award (television) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actress Golden Globe winners]]<br />
[[Category:British naturists]]<br />
[[Category:Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:English atheists]]<br />
[[Category:English film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Russian descent]]<br />
[[Category:English radio actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English Shakespearean actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English stage actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English voice actresses]]<br />
[[Category:European Film Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:Golden Orange Honorary Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Honorary Golden Bear recipients]]<br />
[[Category:Laurence Olivier Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:National Youth Theatre members]]<br />
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:People from Hammersmith]]<br />
[[Category:People from Westcliff-on-Sea]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]]<br />
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Esmond_Knight&diff=1073587155Esmond Knight2022-02-23T13:13:46Z<p>SteveCrook: Corrected dead link</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|English actor}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Esmond Knight<br />
| image = FluellenKnight.jpg<br />
| caption = Esmond Knight as [[Fluellen]] in ''[[Henry V (1944 film)|Henry V]]'' (1944)<br />
| birthname = Esmond Penington Knight<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1906|5|4|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[East Sheen]], [[Surrey]], England<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|1987|2|23|1906|5|4|df=yes}}<br />
| death_place = London, England<br />
| resting_place = <br />
| occupation = [[Actor]], dialogue coach<br />
| yearsactive = 1928–1987<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Frances Clare<br />|1929|1946|end=divorced}}<br /> {{marriage|[[Nora Swinburne]]<br />|1946}}<br />
| children = [[Rosalind Knight]] <br />
| homepage = http://www.esmondknight.org.uk/<br />
| module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes<br />
| allegiance = {{Flagu|United Kingdom|size=23px}}<br />
| branch = [[Royal Navy]]<br />
| serviceyears = 1940–41<br />
| rank = [[File:RNVR OF-2 - Lieutenant (1916-1958).png|25px]] [[Lieutenant (navy)|Lieutenant]], [[Royal Naval Reserve|RNVR]]<br />
|unit = <br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Esmond Penington Knight''' (4 May 1906 – 23 February 1987) was an English [[actor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b9ee9a51c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711172250/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b9ee9a51c|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-07-11|title=Esmond Knight|work=BFI}}</ref> He had a successful stage and film career before [[World War II]]. For much of his later career Knight was half-blind. He had been badly wounded in 1941 whilst on active service on board [[HMS Prince of Wales (53)|HMS ''Prince of Wales'']] when she fought the [[German battleship Bismarck|''Bismarck'']] at the [[Battle of the Denmark Strait]], and remained totally blind for two years, though he later regained some sight in his right eye.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.powell-pressburger.org/Reviews/Esmond/Esmond01.html|title=Defeatism Defeated – Esmond Knight Will Tread The Boards Again|work=powell-pressburger.org}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Childhood==<br />
Knight was born on 4 May 1906 in [[East Sheen]] Surrey, the third son of Francis and Bertha Knight. His father was involved in the family cigar import business. He was educated at [[Willington School|Willington Preparatory School]] in [[Putney]] and then [[Westminster School]].<ref name=Who81>{{cite book|title=Who Was Who 1981–1990|year=1991| publisher=A & C Black Ltd, London.|isbn=0-7136-3336-0}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early career==<br />
He was an accomplished actor with a career spanning over half a century. He established himself in the 1920s on stage. In John Gielgud's 1930 production of ''Hamlet'' he played Rosencrantz.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.esmondknight.org.uk/hislife02.htm|title=his life 02|work=esmondknight.org.uk}}</ref> He also appeared in films. In ''Romany Love'' (1931) he played "a swaggering gypsy who never stopped singing". For ''[[The Private Life of Henry VIII]]'' (1933), Knight and his uncle [[C. W. R. Knight]] trained the falcons used in the hunting scenes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.esmondknight.org.uk/hislife03.htm|title=his life 03|work=esmondknight.org.uk}}</ref> In [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s ''[[Waltzes from Vienna]]'' (1934), he played the lead role as [[Johann Strauss II|Johann Strauss]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b785b7d52|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630161856/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b785b7d52|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-06-30|title=Waltzes from Vienna (1934)|work=BFI}}</ref> Following this, he landed a number of roles in Hollywood films. He travelled to Germany to star in ''[[Black Roses (1935 film)|Black Roses]]'' (originally {{lang|de|italic=yes|Schwarze Rosen}}, 1935), a film about a Finnish anti-communist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6bcebbb6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713043358/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6bcebbb6|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-07-13|title=Did I Betray? (1937)|work=BFI}}</ref> The film was shot in three versions, in English (as ''Did I Betray?''), German, and French.<ref name=hislife>{{cite web|url=http://www.esmondknight.org.uk/hislife05.htm|title=his life 05|work=esmondknight.org.uk}}</ref> [[Julius Streicher]] visited the set during filming.<ref name=hislife/> Thereafter Knight appeared in various film and theatre productions in Britain.<ref name=hislife/><br />
<br />
==Military service==<br />
After war was declared, Knight continued to act, appearing in [[Powell and Pressburger]]'s film ''[[Contraband (1940 film)|Contraband]]'' (1940).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120711235129/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6a7e9b42 BFI]</ref> He sought a naval commission, but after the [[Operation Dynamo|evacuation of Dunkirk]] he became involved in training [[Local Defence Volunteers]]. In late 1940, he was accepted for naval training. In 1941, Knight was asked to play the lead role of fanatical Nazi Lieutenant Hirth in another Powell and Pressburger propaganda film ''[[49th Parallel (film)|49th Parallel]]'' (1941), but [[Eric Portman]] took the role as Knight was required for military training. He did appear in ''[[This England (film)|This England]]'' (also 1941), another propaganda film.<br />
<br />
After completing his Naval training, Knight was appointed, with the rank of [[Sub Lieutenant (navy)|sub lieutenant]], [[Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve|RNVR]], to the battleship HMS ''Prince of Wales''.<ref name=Who81/> In 1941, the ship received orders to pursue the German battleship ''Bismarck'' and the heavy cruiser ''[[German cruiser Prinz Eugen|Prinz Eugen]]''. In the ensuing [[Battle of the Denmark Strait]], Knight witnessed the sinking of [[HMS Hood|HMS ''Hood'']] before being blinded by shrapnel. A shell fired by ''Bismarck'' either passed through the bridge of the ''Prince of Wales'' and did not explode or it exploded near the ship. Either way fragments from the ship's superstructure hit Knight in the face causing him to lose an eye and leaving the other severely damaged.<br />
<br />
=== Recuperation===<br />
Though blind, Knight insisted that he would continue his acting career. During this period, he dictated an early autobiography to his secretary, Annabella Cloudsley, ''Seeking the Bubble'' (Hutchinson & Co. 1943).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.esmondknight.org.uk/hislife10.htm|title = His life 10}}</ref> Knight continued to act in radio productions. Though still totally blind, he also appeared on film, once more as a Nazi villain, in Powell and Pressburger's ''[[The Silver Fleet]]'' (1943).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.powell-pressburger.org/Reviews/43_Silver/Picturegoer.html |title=The Silver Fleet ''Picturegoer'' March 20th, 1943 |website=powell-pressburger.org}}</ref><br />
<br />
During 1943, Knight received a series of treatments from Dr Vincent Nesfield designed to restore sight to his remaining eye. The treatment was a great success, restoring much of Knight's sight. The partial return of his sight made a major difference to his career. He appeared briefly in another Powell and Pressburger film, playing the roles of the village idiot and the "Seven Sisters Soldier" in ''[[A Canterbury Tale]]'' (1944), also adding the voice-over reading of Chaucer.<ref name = "sa">{{cite web|url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/449286/|title=BFI Screenonline: Knight, Esmond (1906–1987) Biography|work=screenonline.org.uk}}</ref> His major breakthrough back into the mainstream came when he was cast as [[Fluellen]], the brave but eccentric Welsh officer in [[Laurence Olivier]]'s version of ''[[Henry V (1944 film)|Henry V]]'' (1944).<br />
<br />
==Later career==<br />
Knight continued to work with Olivier and with Powell and Pressburger, appearing in the former's Shakespearean films ''[[Hamlet (1948 film)|Hamlet]]'' (1948) and ''[[Richard III (1955 film)|Richard III]]'' (1955). For the latter, he appeared in ''[[Black Narcissus]]'' (1947) and ''[[The Red Shoes (1948 film)|The Red Shoes]]'' (1948).<ref name = "sa"/> He also starred in [[Jean Renoir]]'s ''[[The River (1951 film)|The River]]'' (1951).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6b46ab2d|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803120729/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6b46ab2d|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-08-03|title=The River (1951)|work=BFI}}</ref><br />
<br />
Knight was the subject of a [[This Is Your Life (UK TV series)|''This Is Your Life'']] episode in 1957 when he was surprised by [[Eamonn Andrews]] at the King's Theatre in [[Hammersmith]], London.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}<br />
<br />
In the film ''[[Sink the Bismarck!]]'' (1960), he played [[John Leach (Royal Navy officer)|John Leach]], the captain of HMS ''Prince of Wales'', the ship in which he had been serving when he was blinded (though the captain is not named in the film).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/artist/esmond-knight-p38786|title=Esmond Knight – Biography, Movie Highlights and Photos – AllMovie|first=Hal|last=Erickson|work=AllMovie}}</ref> In the same year he played [[Jack Cade]] in the BBC Shakespeare series ''[[An Age of Kings]]''.<br />
<br />
He starred as Professor Ernest Reinhart in the [[UK|British]] science fiction television series ''[[A for Andromeda]]'' (1961), alongside [[Patricia Kneale]] and [[Peter Halliday]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/julie-christie-in-billy-liar-the-girl-who-showed-the-way-to-the-future-8578752.html?action=gallery&ino=5|title='A for Andromeda': from left, Esmond Knight, Mary Morris, Julie Christie an|work=The Independent|date=19 April 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
In ''[[Robin and Marian]]'' (1976), a film directed by [[Richard Lester]], he played a blind old man who defies [[Richard I of England]]. For the role, Knight removed his glass eye.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.esmondknight.org.uk/hislife18.htm|title=his life 18|work=esmondknight.org.uk}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Knight was married twice. He married actress Frances Clare in 1929. The couple had a daughter, actress [[Rosalind Knight]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/103647%7C49091/Esmond-Knight/family.html|title=Family for Esmond Knight|work=Turner Classic Movies}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the 1930s, he had a long-running affair with [[Nora Swinburne]], of which his wife was aware. She was also an actress who appeared with him in several stage plays. After a short-lived attempt to end the affair, Knight left Frances for Nora. The couple married in 1946 and remained together until his death.<br />
<br />
==Death==<br />
Knight died of a heart attack in London on 23 February 1987.<br />
<br />
==Work==<br />
<br />
===Stage===<br />
* ''[[The Wild Duck]]'' – Pax Robertson's Salon, London (1925)<br />
* Various Shakespeare productions – full season, [[Old Vic]] (1926)<br />
* Everyman – [[The Old Vic]], London (1926)<br />
* Various productions – Children's Theatre, London (1928)<br />
* ''[[Hamlet]]'' – [[Sondheim Theatre|Queen's Theatre]], London (with [[John Gielgud]] and [[Donald Wolfit]]) (1930)<br />
* Full Season – King's Theatre, Hammersmith (1939)<br />
* Full Season – [[Royal Shakespeare Company]], Stratford-upon-Avon (1948–1949)<br />
* ''[[Caesar and Cleopatra (play)|Caesar and Cleopatra]]'' – [[St James's Theatre]], London (with [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Peter Cushing]] and [[Vivien Leigh]]) (1951)<br />
* ''The Emperor's New Clothes'' – [[Ethel Barrymore Theatre]], New York (with [[Lee J. Cobb]]) (1953)<br />
* Full Season – The Old Vic, London (1962–1963)<br />
* ''Agincourt – The Archer's Tale'' – [[Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester]] (one man show) (1973)<ref>http://www.esmondknight.org.uk/page-50/</ref><br />
* ''[[The Family Reunion]]'' – Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester (with [[Edward Fox (actor)|Edward Fox]]) (1973 & 1979)<br />
* ''[[Crime and Punishment]]'' adapted by [[Paul Bailey (British writer)|Paul Bailey]]. Directed by Michael Elliott at the [[Royal Exchange, Manchester]] (1978)<br />
* ''[[Moby-Dick]]'' – Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester (with [[Brian Cox (actor)|Brian Cox]]) (1983–1984)<br />
<br />
===Filmography===<br />
{{div col}}<br />
* ''[[The Blue Peter (1928 film)|The Blue Peter]]'' (1928) as Radio Operator (film debut)<br />
* ''[[The Ringer (1931 film)|The Ringer]]'' (1931) as John Lenley<br />
* ''[[77 Park Lane]]'' (1931) as Philip Connor<br />
* ''[[Romany Love]]'' (1931) as Davy Summers<br />
* ''[[The Bermondsey Kid]]'' (1933) as Eddie Martin<br />
* ''[[Waltzes from Vienna|Waltzes From Vienna]]'' (1934) as [[Johann Strauss, the Younger|Johann Strauss]]<br />
* ''[[Lest We Forget (1934 film)|Lest We Forget]]'' (1934) as Pat Doyle Jr.<br />
* ''[[Father and Son (1934 film)|Father and Son]]'' (1934) as Michael Bolton<br />
* ''[[Girls Will Be Boys]]'' (1934) as Geoffrey Dawson<br />
* ''[[Dandy Dick (film)|Dandy Dick]]'' (1935) as Tony Mardon<br />
* ''[[Crime Unlimited]]'' (1935) as Pete Borden<br />
* ''[[Someday (1935 film)|Someday]]'' (1935) as Curley Blake<br />
* ''[[Pagliacci (1936 film)|Pagliacci]]'' (1936) as Cadet Silvio<br />
* ''[[The Vicar of Bray (film)|The Vicar of Bray]]'' (1937) as Dennis Melross<br />
* ''[[Weddings Are Wonderful]]'' (1938) as Guy Rogers<br />
* ''[[The Arsenal Stadium Mystery]]'' (1939) as Raille – Trojan Team Member<br />
* ''[[Contraband (1940 film)|Contraband]]'' (1940) as Mr. Pidgeon<br />
* ''[[Fingers (1941 film)|Fingers]]'' (1941) as Sid Harris<br />
* ''[[This England (film)|This England]]'' (1941) as Vicar's Son<br />
* ''[[The Silver Fleet]]'' (1943) as Von Schiffer<br />
* ''[[The Halfway House]]'' (1944) as David Davies<br />
* ''[[A Canterbury Tale]]'' (1944) as Narrator (non-US versions)/Seven-Sisters Soldier/Village Idiot<br />
* ''[[Henry V (1944 film)|Henry V]]'' (1944) as [[Fluellen]] – Captain in the English Army<br />
* ''[[Black Narcissus]]'' (1947) as The Old General<br />
* ''[[Holiday Camp (film)|Holiday Camp]]'' (1947) as Camp Announcer<br />
* ''[[Uncle Silas (film)|Uncle Silas]]'' (1947) as Dr. Bryerly<br />
* ''[[The End of the River]]'' (1947) as Dantos<br />
* ''[[Hamlet (1948 film)|Hamlet]]'' (1948) as Bernardo<br />
* ''[[The Red Shoes (1948 film)|The Red Shoes]]'' (1948) as Livy<br />
* ''[[Gone to Earth (film)|Gone to Earth]]'' (1950) as Abel Woodus<br />
* ''[[The River (1951 film)|The River]]'' (1951) as The Father<br />
* ''[[The Steel Key]]'' (1953) as Prof. Newman<br />
* ''[[Richard III (1955 film)|Richard III]]'' (1955) as Ratcliffe<br />
* ''[[Helen of Troy (film)|Helen of Troy]]'' (1956) as High Priest<br />
* ''[[The Prince and the Showgirl]]'' (1957) as Hoffman<br />
* ''[[Battle of the V-1]]'' (1958) as Stricker<br />
* ''[[Sink the Bismarck!]]'' (1960) as Captain [[John Leach (Royal Navy officer)|Leach]] (Prince of Wales)<br />
* ''[[Peeping Tom (1960 film)|Peeping Tom]]'' (1960) as Arthur Baden<br />
* ''[[Decision at Midnight]]'' (1963) as Peter Hauser<br />
* ''[[The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (film)|The Spy Who Came in from the Cold]]'' (1965) as Old Judge<br />
* ''[[The Winter's Tale (1967 film)|The Winter's Tale]]'' (1967) as Camillo<br />
* ''[[Where's Jack?]]'' (1969) as Ballad Singer<br />
* ''[[Anne of the Thousand Days]]'' (1969) as [[Sir William Kingston|Kingston]]<br />
* ''[[Elizabeth R]]'' (1971) as [[Álvaro de la Quadra|Bishop de Quadra]] <br />
* ''[[The Boy Who Turned Yellow]]'' (1972) as Doctor<br />
* ''[[Robin and Marian]]'' (1976) as Old Defender<br />
* ''[[The Man in the Iron Mask (1977 film)|The Man in the Iron Mask]]'' (1977) as Armand<br />
* ''[[Sir Henry at Rawlinson End (film)|Sir Henry at Rawlinson End]]'' (1980) (uncredited)<br />
* ''[[A Voyage Round My Father]]'' (1982) as Judge <br />
* ''[[King Lear (1983 TV programme)|King Lear]]'' (1983) as Old Man <br />
* ''[[The Element of Crime]]'' (1984) as Osborne<br />
* ''[[Sleeping Murder#Television|Sleeping Murder]]'' (1987) as Mr. Galbraith <br />
* ''[[Superman IV: The Quest for Peace]]'' (1987) as 2nd Elder (final film)<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
===Television===<br />
{{div col}}<br />
* ''[[The Invisible Man (1958 TV series)|The Invisible Man]]'' (1959) as Wilson <br />
* ''[[An Age of Kings]]'' (1960) as [[Jack Cade]] <br />
* ''[[Deadline Midnight (TV series)|Deadline Midnight]]'' (1960) as Edward Lee<br />
* ''[[A for Andromeda]]'' (1961) as Professor Ernest Reinhart<br />
* ''[[Danger Man]]'' (1961) as Baron<br />
* ''[[The Saint (TV series)|The Saint]]'' (1962) as Antoine Louvois <br />
* ''[[Z Cars]]'' (1969) as Albert Wallace<br />
* ''[[Doctor Who]]'' – (''[[The Space Pirates]]'') (1969) as Dom Issigri<br />
* ''[[The Rivals of Sherlock Holmes (TV series)|The Rivals of Sherlock Holmes]]'' (1971) as Captain Cutler <br />
*[[Public Eye (TV series)|Public Eye]] (1972) - Many a Slip - as Dr Stowe<br />
* ''[[Arthur of the Britons]]'' (1973) as Athel<br />
* ''[[Fall of Eagles]]'' (1974) as [[Nikolai Ruzsky|General Ruzski]]<br />
* ''[[I, Claudius (TV series)|I, Claudius]]'' (1976) as Domitius<br />
* ''[[Return of the Saint]]'' (1978) as Paul Hanson<br />
* ''[[Rebecca (1979 miniseries)|Rebecca]]'' (1979) as Coroner <br />
* ''[[BBC Television Shakespeare|Romeo and Juliet]]'' (1980) as [[Lord Capulet|Old Capulet]] <br />
* ''[[BBC Television Shakespeare|Antony and Cleopatra]]'' (1981) as [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)|Lepidus]] <br />
* ''[[The Borgias (1981 TV series)|The Borgias]]'' (1981) as Cardinal [[Giambattista Orsini|Gian Battista Orsini]]<br />
* ''[[I Remember Nelson]]'' (1982) as Elderly Guest<br />
* ''[[My Cousin Rachel (TV series)|My Cousin Rachel]]'' (1983) as Sam Bates<br />
* ''[[The Invisible Man (1984 TV series)|The Invisible Man]]'' (1984) as Blind Man<br />
* ''[[Fortunes of War (TV series)|Fortunes of War]]'' (1987) as Liversage (last appearance)<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Portal|Biography}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|0460874}}<br />
* {{Find a Grave|10829448}}<br />
* {{Screenonline name|id=449286}}<br />
* [http://www.aveleyman.com/ActorCredit.aspx?ActorID=9511 Esmond Knight](Aveleyman)<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Knight, Esmond}}<br />
[[Category:1906 births]]<br />
[[Category:1987 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:English male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:English male stage actors]]<br />
[[Category:English male television actors]]<br />
[[Category:People from East Sheen]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Surrey]]<br />
[[Category:People educated at Westminster School, London]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IMDb&diff=1071027167IMDb2022-02-10T14:00:36Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1071024436 by Sbutler860 (talk) Don't try to promote individual films</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Online database of information related to films, television series, and video games}}<br />
{{About||the database system|In-memory database|the Malaysian sovereign wealth fund|1MDB}}<br />
{{pp-move-indef}}<br />
<!--{{pp-move|reason=per request at RfPP|small=yes}}--><br />
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox website<br />
| name = IMDb<br />
| logo = IMDB Logo 2016.svg<br />
| collapsible = yes<br />
| collapsetext = Screenshot<br />
| screenshot = IMDb homepage.png<br />
| caption = IMDb homepage as of March 2021<br />
| url = {{URL|www.imdb.com}}<br />
| commercial = Yes<br />
| founder = [[Col Needham]]<br />
| type = Database<br />
| registration = Optional<br />
| language = English<br />
| owner = [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]<br />
| launch_date = {{start date and age|1990|10|17}}<br />
| current_status = Active<br />
| content_license = Copyright<ref name="imdb C info">{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/conditions|title=Conditions of Use|website=IMDb|access-date=January 3, 2022}}</ref><br />
| subsidiaries = [[Box Office Mojo]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''IMDb''' (an [[abbreviation]] of '''Internet Movie Database''')<ref>{{Cite web|title=IMDb {{!}} History, Features, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/IMDb|access-date=October 27, 2020|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> is an [[online database]] of information related to films, television series, home videos, video games, and streaming content online – including cast, production crew and personal biographies, plot summaries, trivia, ratings, and fan and critical reviews. IMDb began as a fan-operated movie database on the [[Usenet]] group "rec.arts.movies" in 1990, and moved to the web in 1993. It is now owned and operated by IMDb.com, Inc., a subsidiary of [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]].<br />
<br />
{{As of|2021|6|post=,}} the database contained some {{Formatnum: {{#expr: {{Formatnum:8,048,324 |R}} / 1e6 round 1}}}} million<!--Condensed values per MOS:LARGENUM--> titles (including television episodes) and {{Formatnum: {{#expr: {{Formatnum: 10,378,806 |R}} / 1e6 round 1}}}} million<!--Condensed values per MOS:LARGENUM--> person records.<ref name="stats"/> Additionally, the site had 83 million registered users. The site's well-used message boards were disabled in February 2017.<br />
<br />
==Features==<br />
The title and talent ''pages'' of IMDb are accessible to all users, but only registered and logged-in users can submit new material and suggest edits to existing entries. Most of the site's data has been provided by these volunteers. Registered users with a proven track record are able to add and make corrections to cast lists, credits, and some other data points. However, the addition and removal of images, and alterations to titles, cast and crew names, character names, and plot summaries are subject to an approval process; this usually takes between 24 and 72 hours.<br />
<br />
Registered users can choose their username, and most are [[pseudonymous]]. There is no single index of contributors, no index on each profile page of the items contributed, and—except for plot synopses and biographies—no identification of contributors to each product's or person's data pages. Users are also invited to rate titles on a scale of 1 to 10, and the totals are converted into a [[Weighted arithmetic mean|weighted mean]]-rating, with filters in place to deter [[ballot-stuffing]].<br />
<br />
User ''profile pages'' show a user's registration date and, optionally, their personal ratings of titles. Since 2015, "badges" can be added showing a count of contributions. These badges range from total contributions made to independent categories such as photos, trivia, and biographies. If a registered user or visitor is in the entertainment industry and has an IMDb page, they can add photos through IMDbPRO.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/help/search?domain=helpdesk_faq&index=2&file=contact_information&ref_=hlp_sr_1|title=Submission guide for users|series=Help Center|publisher=IMDb|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===History before website===<br />
IMDb originated in 1990 with a [[Usenet]] posting entitled "Those Eyes", by the English film fan and computer programmer [[Col Needham]],<ref>{{cite newsgroup|title=Re: Frequently Asked Questions List (2/28/90)|first=Jeff|last=Dalton|date=March 1, 1990|newsgroup=rec.arts.movies|url=https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.arts.movies/_3XDw1YOp6A/11SgWWh24wsJ|access-date=August 13, 2019}}</ref> about actresses with beautiful eyes. Others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an "Actors List", while Dave Knight began a "Directors List", and Andy Krieg took over "THE LIST" from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the "Actress List". Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, but soon retired people were added, so Needham started what was then (but did not remain) a separate "Dead Actors/Actresses List". Steve Hammond started collecting and merging character names for both the actors and actresses lists. When these achieved popularity, they were merged back into the lists themselves. The goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible.<br />
<br />
By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000&nbsp;films and television series, correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17, 1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of [[Unix]] [[shell script]]s that could be used to search the four lists, and thus the database that would become the IMDb was born.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chmielewski |first=Dawn C. |date=January 19, 2013 |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2013/jan/19/business/la-fi-himi-needham-20130120 |title=Col Needham created IMDb |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> At the time, it was known as the "rec.arts.movies movie database".<br />
<br />
===On the web===<br />
The database had been expanded to include additional categories of filmmakers and other demographic material as well as trivia, biographies, and plot summaries. The movie ratings had been properly integrated with the list data, and a centralized email interface for querying the database had been created by Alan Jay. Later, in 1993, it moved onto the fledgling [[World Wide Web]] under the name of ''Cardiff Internet Movie Database''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/movies|title=Historical Internet Movie Database Site|publisher=Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics|access-date=March 21, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324121844/http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/movies|archive-date=March 24, 2013}}</ref> The database resided on the servers of the computer science department of [[Cardiff University]] in Wales. [[Rob Hartill]] was the original web interface author. In 1994, the email interface was revised to accept the submission of all information, which enabled people to email the specific list maintainer with their updates. However, the structure remained so that information received on a single film was divided among multiple section managers, the sections being defined and determined by categories of film personnel and the individual filmographies contained therein. Over the next few years, the database was run on a network of [[Web mirror|mirrors]] across the world with donated bandwidth.<ref>{{cite web |title=IMDB History |url=https://www.imdb.com/help/show_leaf?history |publisher=IMDb}}</ref><br />
<br />
===As an independent company===<br />
In 1996 IMDb was incorporated in the United Kingdom, becoming the Internet Movie Database Ltd. Founder Col&nbsp;Needham became the primary owner. General revenue for site operations was generated through advertising, licensing and partnerships.<ref name="imdb inc. info 1">{{cite web|url=https://help.imdb.com/imdb?history|title=IMDb &#124; Help|publisher=IMDb|date=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
<br />
===As Amazon.com subsidiary (1998–present)===<br />
In 1998, [[Jeff Bezos]], founder, owner, and CEO of Amazon.com, struck a deal with Needham and other principal shareholders to buy IMDb outright; Amazon paid $55 million for IMDb and two other companies.<ref name="imdb amazon buy 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.secinfo.com/dr643.7kp.c.htm#2ndPage|title=Amazon Com Inc – '8-K' for 4/27/98 – EX-99.2|website=SEC Info|date=April 27, 1998|access-date=March 23, 2017}}</ref> Bezos attached it to Amazon as a subsidiary, private company.<ref name="imdb prnw info 1">{{cite press release|url=http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=37602|title=Internet bookseller Amazon.com announces acquisition of United Kingdom company The Internet Movie Database Ltd.|publisher=IMDb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603182852/http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=37602|archive-date=June 3, 2012|via=PR Newswire Europe|access-date=September 18, 2020 }}</ref> This gave IMDb the ability to pay the shareholders salaries for their work. In the process of expanding its product line, Amazon.com intended to use IMDb as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes.<br />
<br />
IMDb continued to expand its functionality. On January 15, 2002, it added a subscription service known as IMDbPro, aimed at entertainment professionals. IMDbPro was announced and launched at the 2002 [[Sundance Film Festival]]. It provides a variety of services including film production and box office details, a company directory, and the ability of subscribers to add personal information pages.<br />
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From 1996 onwards, an annual newsletter email (archived on the website) has been sent from Col Needham to contributors on the first day of each calendar year. The annual newsletter lists various information about the past year on the site, including stats, top contributors tally for the year (the top 300 users, currently; fewer in previous years), and a perspective on the site's progress and future.<ref name="imdb newsletter 1">{{cite web|url=https://contribute.imdb.com/czone/top_msg|title=IMDb Contribution: Top Contributor messages|first=Col|last=Needham|publisher=IMDb|date=|access-date=January 1, 2022}}</ref><ref name="imdb newsletter 2022.01.01">{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/best-of/col-needham-letter-2022|title=IMDb - Best of 2021|first=Col|last=Needham|publisher=IMDb|date=January 1, 2022|access-date=January 1, 2022}}</ref><ref name="imdb newsletter email 2022.01.01">{{cite web|url=https://i.imgur.com/TeV517n.png|title=IMDb - Happy New Year from IMDb / 2021 year end totals ''(with top 300 contributors)''|first=Col|last=Needham|publisher=IMDb|date=January 1, 2022|access-date=January 1, 2022}}</ref><br />
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As an additional incentive for users, {{as of|2003|lc=y}}, users identified as one of "the top 100&nbsp;contributors" of hard data received complimentary free access to IMDbPro for the following calendar year; for 2006 this was increased to the top&nbsp;150 contributors, and for 2010 to the top&nbsp;250.<ref name="imdb top 2010">{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/updates/guide/top_contributors#top2010|series=IMD; announcement|title=Top&nbsp;250 contributors for 2010|access-date=August 25, 2011|first=Col|last=Needham|publisher=IMDb|date=January 1, 2011}}</ref><br />
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In 2008, IMDb launched their first official foreign-language version with IMDb.de, in German. Also in 2008, IMDb acquired two other companies: [[Withoutabox]]<ref name="imdb latimes WAB 1">{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/hollywood/la-fi-ct-amazon-imdb-withoutabox-20181019-story.html|title=Amazon-owned IMDb ending film festival submission platform Withoutabox|last=Ng|first=David|website=Los Angeles Times|date=October 19, 2018|access-date=June 13, 2019}}</ref> and [[Box Office Mojo]].<ref name="imdb BOM 1">{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/amazons-imdb-acquires-box-office-mojo-will-add-box-office-data-to-service|title=Amazon's IMDB Acquires Box Office Mojo; Will Add Box Office Data To Service|publisher=CBS News|language=en-US|access-date=June 13, 2019}}</ref><br />
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The website was originally [[Perl]]-based, but IMDb no longer discloses what software it uses for reasons of security.<ref name="imdb perl 1">{{cite web|url=https://help.imdb.com/article/imdb/general-information/what-software-are-you-using-to-run-imdb/GH25HF4NB3C2KP9E|title=What software are you using to run IMDb?|publisher=IMDb|year=2017|access-date=November 16, 2017}}</ref> In 2010, the site was [[Internet censorship in the People's Republic of China|filtered in China]].<ref name="imdb TR China info 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.techradar.com/news/internet/china-blocks-number-one-movie-site-imdb-663458|title=China blocks number-one movie site IMDb|website=[[TechRadar]]|publisher=2012 [[Future US, Inc.]]|date=January 14, 2010|first=Marc|last=Chacksfield}}</ref><br />
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In 2016, ''The IMDb Studio at Sundance'' was launched, a talk show that is presented on ''IMDb'' and [[YouTube]].<ref name="imdb sundance 1">{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5339266/?mode=desktop&ref_=m_ft_dsk|title=The IMDb Studio at Sundance|date=January 22, 2016|publisher=IMDb|access-date=December 25, 2020}}</ref><ref name="imdb yt info 1">{{cite AV media|title=Sundance 2020|language=en|url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRDnnvx-4xZ0qDSHG_F7_tNoETjTUr6m0|format=video|publisher=IMDb|work=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><br />
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In April 2017, IMDb celebrated its 25th anniversary. As of that year, Needham was still managing IMDb from its main office in [[Bristol]] in the [[Castlemead]] office tower.<ref name="Jones">{{cite news|url=https://www.bristolpost.co.uk/news/celebs-tv/story-behind-bristol-based-imdb-25097|title=The story behind Bristol-based IMDb as they celebrate their 25th anniversary|first=Craig|last=Jones|publisher=[[The Bristol Post]]|date=April 13, 2017|access-date=May 9, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==IMDbPro==<br />
Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and upload photos of themselves for a yearly membership fee to IMDbPro. IMDbPro can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, paid annually, US$149.99. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. IMDbPro also allows existing actors to claim their name page. Enrolling in IMDbPro enables members who are industry personnel to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as an IMDb user and contribute to the site as well as view its content; however, those users enrolled in IMDbPro have greater access and privileges.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://secure.imdb.com/signup/index.html |title=IMDbPro signup |publisher=IMDb}}</ref><br />
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==Characters' filmography==<br />
On October 2, 2007,{{citation needed|date=October 2013}} the characters' filmography was added. Character entries are created from character listings in the main filmography database, and as such do not need any additional verification by IMDb staff. They have already been verified when they are added to the main filmography.<br />
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==IMDb TV==<br />
{{main|IMDb TV}}<br />
In January 2019, IMDb launched an [[ad-supported]] streaming service called Freedive, which included many titles from [[Sony Pictures]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Mehta|first=Ivan|date=January 11, 2019|title=Amazon's new IMDb Freedive service streams ad-supported movies and TV shows in the US|work=[[The Next Web]]|url=https://thenextweb.com/world/2019/01/11/amazons-new-imdb-freedive-service-streams-ad-supported-movies-and-tv-shows-in-the-us|access-date=January 11, 2019}}</ref> This was the company's second attempt at a streaming service, having launched a similar service in 2008<ref name="imdb cnet 2008">{{cite news|last=Hoffman|first=Harrison|date=September 15, 2008|title=IMDb now serves full-length videos|publisher=[[CNET]]|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/imdb-now-serves-full-length-videos/|access-date=September 17, 2008}}</ref><ref name="imdb reg info 1">{{cite news|last=Modine|first=Austin|date=September 16, 2008|title=IMDb adds full-length streaming movies (Show your US ID card at the door)|work=The Register|location=UK|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/09/16/imdb_adds_streaming_movies_and_tv|access-date=September 17, 2008}}</ref> which was later discontinued.{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} Due to international licensing restrictions, Freedive was available only in the United States.<ref name="imdb license 1">{{cite web|date=January 10, 2019|title=Amazon's IMDb launches Freedive, a free movie and TV streaming service — with ads|url=https://www.geekwire.com/2019/amazons-imdb-launches-freedive-free-movie-tv-streaming-service-ads/|access-date=June 20, 2019|website=GeekWire|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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In June 2019, Freedive was rebranded as IMDb TV, the amount of content was tripled, and a plan to launch in Europe was announced.<ref name="imdb amz trippled">{{cite web|title=Amazon Rebrands IMDb Freedive as IMDb TV, Triples Content|url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/amazon-rebrands-imdb-freedive-as-imdb-tv-triples-content|website=PC Magazine}}</ref> The service included films and TV series from Sony, [[Warner Bros.]], and [[MGM]].<ref name="imdb freedive 1">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/imdb-tv-free-streaming-movies-warner-bros-sony-mgm-1203244552/|title=IMDb Scraps Freedive Name, Will Triple 'IMDb TV' Free Streaming Lineup With Movies From Warner Bros., Sony, MGM |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 17, 2019|website=Variety|language=en|access-date=June 20, 2019}}</ref> In February 2020, it licensed 21 television series from [[Disney–ABC Domestic Television]]<ref name="imdb disney deal">{{cite news|last1=Spangler|first1=Todd|date=February 5, 2020|title=Amazon's IMDb TV Inks Disney Pact for Free Streaming of 'Lost,' 'Desperate Housewives,' More|language=en|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|url=https://variety.com/2020/digital/news/imdb-tv-free-streaming-lost-desperate-housewives-1203494179|access-date=February 18, 2020}}</ref> and, in July of the same year, bought US streaming rights to the ''[[Alex Rider (TV series)|Alex Rider]]'' TV series that had been streaming on [[Amazon Prime Video]] in the UK, Latin America, Germany and Austria.<ref name="imdb rider buy 1">{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/07/alex-rider-premiere-us-imdbtv-amazon-1202985035|title='Alex Rider': Amazon Streamer IMDb TV Takes U.S. Rights To Sony Spy Series|first=Jake|last=Kanter|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en|date=July 14, 2020|access-date=August 22, 2020}}</ref><br />
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==Content and format==<br />
===Data provided by subjects===<br />
In 2006, IMDb introduced its "Résumé Subscription Service", where actors and crew can post their own [[résumé]] and upload photos of themselves<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061023141910/http://www.lycos-europe.com/Index-Eng/G-English-Files/PR-20060710-IMDb.html|archive-date=October 23, 2006|url-status=dead|url=http://www.lycos-europe.com/Index-Eng/G-English-Files/PR-20060710-IMDb.html|title=Lycos Europe and IMDb sign sales agreement for 9&nbsp;European markets|website=[[Lycos Europe]]|series=press release|date=July 10, 2006}}</ref> for a yearly fee.<ref>{{cite web|series=Resume FAQ|publisher=IMDb|url=https://resume.imdb.com/help/show_leaf?resumenotrecurring|title=Can I subscribe only for one month or one year?|access-date=January 22, 2008}}</ref> The base annual charge for including a photo with an account was US$39.95 until 2010, when it was increased to US$54.95. IMDb résumé pages are kept on a sub-page of the regular entry about that person, with a regular entry automatically created for each résumé subscriber who does not already have one.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://resume.imdb.com/help/show_leaf?resumenamepagediff|title=Is there any difference between a regular IMDb name page and an IMDb name page created via IMDb Resume?|series=IMDB - Resume FAQ|publisher=IMDb|access-date=January 22, 2008}}</ref><br />
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{{as of|2012}}, Resume Services is now included as part of an IMDbPro subscription and is no longer offered as a separate subscription service.<br />
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===Copyright, vandalism and error issues===<br />
All volunteers who contribute content to the database technically retain copyright on their contributions, but the compilation of the content becomes the exclusive property of IMDb with the full right to copy, modify, and sublicense it, and they are verified before posting.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/help/show_article|title=Copyright and Conditions of Use|publisher=IMDb}}</ref> Credit is not given on specific title or filmography pages to the contributor(s) who have provided information. Conversely, a credited text entry, such as a plot summary, may be corrected for content, grammar, sentence structure, perceived omission or error, by other contributors without having to add their names as co-authors. Due to the time required for processing submitted data or text before it is displayed, IMDb is different from user-contributed projects like [[Discogs]], or [[OpenStreetMap]], or Wikipedia, in that contributors cannot add, delete, or modify the data or text on impulse, and the manipulation of data is controlled by IMDb technology and salaried staff.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/interfaces#plain|title=The plain text data files|series=Alternate Interfaces|publisher=IMDb|date=|access-date=}}</ref><br />
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IMDb has been subject to deliberate additions of false information; in 2012 a spokesperson said: "We make it easy for users and professionals to update much of our content, which is why we have an 'edit page.' The data that is submitted goes through a series of consistency checks before it goes live. Given the sheer volume of the information, occasional mistakes are inevitable, and, when reported, they are promptly fixed. We always welcome corrections."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/james-marsden-likes-barry-manilow-390278|title=Which A-list star is hacking IMDb pages?|newspaper=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=November 14, 2012|access-date=February 25, 2013}}</ref><br />
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The Java Movie Database (JMDB)<ref name="jmdb" /> is reportedly creating an IMDb_Error.log file that lists all the errors found while processing the IMDb plain text files. A Wiki alternative to IMDb is Open Media Database<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.omdb.org|title=Open Media Database|website=omdb.org|access-date=December 3, 2015}}</ref> whose content is also contributed by users but licensed under a [[Creative Commons]] license (CC BY) and the [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]]. Since 2007, IMDb has been experimenting with wiki-programmed sections for complete film synopses, parental guides, and FAQs about titles as determined by (and answered by) individual contributors.<br />
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===Data format and access===<br />
IMDb does not provide an [[Web API|API]] for automated queries. However, most of the data can be downloaded as [[data compression|compressed]] plain text files and the information can be extracted using the [[command-line interface]] tools provided.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://imdb.com/interfaces|title=Alternate Interfaces|publisher=IMDb|access-date=January 15, 2007}}</ref> There is also a Java-based [[graphical user interface]] (GUI) application available that is able to process the compressed plain text files, which allows a search and a display of the information.<ref name="jmdb">{{cite web|url=http://www.jmdb.de|title=Java Movie Database (JMDB)|website=Jmdb.de|access-date=October 27, 2010}}</ref> This GUI application supports different languages, but the movie related data are in English, as made available by IMDb. A [[Python (programming language)|Python]] package called IMDbPY can also be used to process the compressed plain text files into a number of different [[SQL]] databases, enabling easier access to the entire dataset for searching or data mining.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://imdbpy.sourceforge.net|title=IMDbPY|website=IMDbPY|publisher=sourceforge.net|access-date=February 14, 2011}}</ref><br />
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===Film titles===<br />
The IMDb has sites in English as well as versions translated completely or in part into other languages ([[Danish language|Danish]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]], French, German, [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], Italian, [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], Spanish and [[Romanian language|Romanian]]). The non-English language sites display film titles in the specified language. Originally, IMDb's English language sites displayed titles according to their original country-of-origin language, however, in 2010 IMDb began allowing individual users in the UK and USA to choose primary title display by either the original-language titles, or the US or UK release title (normally, in English).<br />
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==Ancillary features==<br />
===User ratings of films===<br />
As one adjunct to data, the IMDb offers a [[rating scale]] that allows users to rate films on a scale of one to ten.<br />
<br />
IMDb indicates that submitted ratings are filtered and weighted in various ways to produce a [[weighted mean]] that is displayed for each film, series, and so on. It states that filters are used to avoid [[ballot stuffing]]; the method is not described in detail to avoid attempts to circumvent it. In fact, it sometimes produces an extreme difference between the weighted average and the arithmetic mean.<br />
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====Rankings====<br />
The IMDb Top 250 is a list of the top rated 250 films, based on ratings by the registered users of the website using the methods described. {{As of|2021|11|18}}, ''[[Shawshank Redemption]]'' is No. 1 on the list.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.imdb.com/chart/top|title=Top&nbsp;250 movies as voted by our users|publisher=IMDb|access-date=June 10, 2015}}</ref> The "Top&nbsp;250" rating is based on only the ratings of "regular voters". The number of votes a registered user would have to make to be considered as a user who votes regularly has been kept secret. IMDb has stated that to maintain the effectiveness of the Top&nbsp;250 list they "''deliberately do not disclose the criteria used for a person to be counted as a regular voter''".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/help/search?domain=helpdesk_faq&index=1&file=notintop250|title=The user votes average on film or show ''X'' is 9.4, so it should appear in your Top&nbsp;250 Movies or TV list, yet it doesn't. Why?|publisher=IMDb}}</ref> In addition to other weightings, the Top&nbsp;250 films are also based on a weighted rating formula referred to in [[actuarial science]] as a ''credibility formula''.<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=http://stats.lse.ac.uk/norberg/links/papers/CRED-eas.pdf|title=Encyclopedia of Actuarial Science|first=Ragnar|last=Norberg|doi=10.1002/9780470012505.tac068|chapter=Credibility Theory|year=2006|isbn=0470846763|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040515175331/http://stats.lse.ac.uk/norberg/links/papers/CRED-eas.pdf|archive-date=May 15, 2004}}</ref> This label arises because a statistic is taken to be more credible the greater the number of individual pieces of information; in this case from eligible users who submit ratings. Although the current formula is not disclosed, IMDb originally used the following formula to calculate their weighted rating:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/help/show_leaf?votestopfaq|title=IMDB Vote FAQ|publisher=IMDb|access-date=February 6, 2015}}</ref><br />
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<math display="block">W = \frac{\ R \cdot v + C \cdot m\ }{v + m} </math><br />
where:<br />
*<math>W\ </math> = weighted rating<br />
*<math>R\ </math> = average for the movie as a number from 1 to 10 (mean) = (Rating)<br />
*<math>v\ </math> = number of votes for the movie = (votes)<br />
*<math>m\ </math> = minimum votes required to be listed in the Top 250 (currently 25,000)<br />
*<math>C\ </math> = the mean vote across the whole report (currently 7.0)<br />
<br />
The <math>W\ </math> in this formula is equivalent to a Bayesian posterior mean (''see [[Bayesian statistics]]'').<br />
<br />
The IMDb also has a Bottom&nbsp;100 feature which is assembled through a similar process although only 10,000&nbsp;votes must be received to qualify for the list.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.imdb.com/chart/bottom|title=Bottom&nbsp;100|publisher=IMDb|access-date=March 19, 2020}}</ref><br />
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The Top&nbsp;250 list comprises a wide range of feature films, including major releases, cult films, independent films, critically acclaimed films, silent films, and non-English-language films. Documentaries, short films and TV&nbsp;episodes are not currently included.<br />
<br />
Since 2015, there has been a Top&nbsp;250 list devoted to ranking television shows.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/chart/toptv|title=Top&nbsp;250 TV|publisher=IMDb|access-date=March 16, 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Reference view===<br />
IMDb originally used a more sidebar/list-based view on title pages. However, in 2010 the site updated pages to more free-flowing layouts, and offered logged-in users an "advanced view" site preference setting called "Combined view", or this could be done on an ad-hoc basis by simply adding <code>/combined</code> to the end of the [[URL]] (e.g. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2358891/combined), for users to choose should they prefer the older page view display method or to aid the editing of data.<br />
<br />
In 2017, some alterations were made to this advanced view, and the setting was renamed "Reference view", again also able to be accessed ad-hoc by simply adding <code>/reference</code> to the end of the URL (e.g. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2358891/reference), with the former <code>/combined</code> URLs made to link to the newer <code>/reference</code> ones.<ref name="imdb ref view 1">{{cite web|url=https://community-imdb.sprinklr.com/conversations/data-issues-policy-discussions/updates-to-title-reference-view/5f4a79d48815453dba8c8c06|title=Updates to Title Reference View|publisher=IMDb|author=Nic_b (Employee)|date=December 19, 2017|access-date=January 6, 2022}}</ref><br />
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===Message boards===<br />
Beginning in 2001, the Internet Movie Database also maintained message boards for every title (excepting, {{as of|2013|lc=y}}, TV episodes)<ref>Each TV episode uses the same message board for the whole series</ref> and name entry, along with over 140 main boards. To post on the message boards a user needed to "authenticate" their account via cell phone, credit card, or by having been a recent customer of the parent company [[Amazon.com]]. Message boards expanded in recent years. The Soapbox started in 1999 as a general message board meant for debates on any subjects. The Politics board started in 2007 was a message board to discuss politics, news events, and current affairs, as well as history and economics.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}<br />
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By February 20, 2017, all the message boards and their content were permanently removed. According to the website, the decision was made because the boards were "no longer providing a positive, useful experience for the vast majority of our more than 250&nbsp;million monthly users worldwide",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/2/3/14501390/imdb-closing-user-forums-comments|title=IMDb is closing its message boards|date=February 3, 2017}}</ref> and others have mentioned its susceptibility to trolling and disagreeable behavior.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/02/03/one-of-the-worst-comments-sections-on-the-internet-is-shutting-down/|title=One of the worst comment sections on the Internet is shutting down}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2017/03/09/internet-movie-database-robust-community-goes-boards/QI8mDhM15L2iQzTTf5K0JJ/story.html|title=Should IMDB have preserved its comment boards – flame wars and all?|website=[[The Boston Globe]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/2/21/16043918/imdb-message-board-shuts-down-80b632d6ab79|title=Not Even IMDB Is Safe From Trolls|date=February 21, 2017}}</ref><!-- archive version containing the actual announcement needed --> Col Needham also mentioned in a post some months earlier that the boards received less income from ads, and that their members only made up a very small part of the website's visitors. The boards were costly to run due to the system's age and dated design, which did not make business sense.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://getsatisfaction.com/imdb/topics/can-someone-on-the-inside-explain-to-me|title=Can someone on the inside explain to me|website=IMDb.com Customer Community|date=July 26, 2016|access-date=March 23, 2017}}</ref> The decision to remove the message boards was met with outspoken backlash from some of its users, and sparked an online petition garnering over 8,000&nbsp;signatures.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/pgxeab/how-some-users-are-trying-to-save-imdbs-message-board|title=How some users are trying to save IMDB's message board|website=[[Vice.com]]|access-date=September 9, 2017}}</ref> In the days leading up to February 20, 2017, both Archive.org<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/archiveteam_imdb|title=The Archiveteam IMDb message board archive (raw data)|access-date=September 9, 2017}}</ref> and MovieChat.org<ref>{{cite web|url=https://moviechat.org|title=The MovieChat IMDb Message Board Archive (web-based)|publisher=MovieChat.org|access-date=September 9, 2017}}</ref> preserved the entire contents of the IMDb message boards using [[web scraping]]. Archive.org and MovieChat.org have published IMDb message board archives, which is legal under the [[fair use doctrine]], because it has no effect on IMDb's potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/107|title=17 U.S. Code § 107 - Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use|publisher=[[Cornell Law School]]|access-date=October 8, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://movietvforums.com/imdb-message-board-archives-legal|title=Movie & TV Forums: IMDb Message Board Archives: Are They Legal?|publisher=MovieTVForums.com|access-date=October 8, 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Statistics==<br />
{{as of|2021|June}}, IMDb has the following statistics:<ref name="stats">{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/pressroom/stats|title=Press Room|publisher=IMDb|access-date=August 1, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"<br />
|-<br />
! Type || Titles<br />
|-<br />
|Feature film<br />
|align="right"|580,890<br />
|-<br />
|Short film<br />
|align="right"|818,520<br />
|-<br />
|TV series<br />
|align="right"|209,880<br />
|-<br />
|TV episode<br />
|align="right"|5,884,536<br />
|-<br />
|TV movie<br />
|align="right"|132,040<br />
|-<br />
|TV special<br />
|align="right"|33,183<br />
|-<br />
|TV mini-series<br />
|align="right"|38,108<br />
|-<br />
|TV short<br />
|align="right"|9,949<br />
|-<br />
|Video<br />
|align="right"|312,751<br />
|-<br />
|Video game<br />
|align="right"|28,467<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Litigation==<br />
In 2011, in the case of ''[[Hoang v. Amazon.com, Inc.]]'', IMDb was sued by an anonymous actress for more than {{Currency|1&nbsp;million}} due to IMDb's revealing her age (40, at the time).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/10/18/imdb-lawsuit|title=Lawsuit against IMDb revealing private information|website=Entertainment Weekly|first=Lindsey|last=Bahr|date=October 18, 2011|access-date=April 25, 2013}}</ref> The actress claimed that revealing her age could cause her to lose acting opportunities.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-15492579|title=Acting unions criticise IMDb in age row |work=BBC News|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=October 29, 2011|access-date=October 29, 2011}}</ref> Judge [[Marsha J. Pechman]], a US district judge in Seattle, dismissed the lawsuit, saying the actress had no grounds to proceed with an anonymous complaint. The actress re-filed and so revealed that she was Huong Hoang of Texas, who uses the stage name Junie Hoang.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sky.com/home/world-news/article/16144281|title=Actress sued Amazon for revealing age&nbsp;40 identified as Huong (Junie) Hoang|publisher=[[Sky News]]|date=January 7, 2012|access-date=April 21, 2012}}</ref> In 2013, Pechman dismissed all causes of action except for a [[breach of contract]] claim against IMDb; a jury then sided with IMDb on that claim.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-22120587|title=Actress age claim against IMDb rejected|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=April 12, 2013}}</ref> The [[Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit]] affirmed the district court judgment in March 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/imdb-preserves-legal-win-revelation-784985|title=IMDb preserves legal win over revelation of actress' age|newspaper=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Eriq|last=Gardner|date=March 27, 2015|access-date=March 27, 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
Also in 2011, in the case of ''United Video Properties Inc., et al. v. Amazon.Com Inc. et al.'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/gov.uscourts.ded.45528|title=Case Docket: ''United Video Properties Inc., et al v. Amazon.Com Inc. et al.''|website=gov.uscourts.ded.45528|publisher=[[RECAP]]|access-date=November 5, 2013}}</ref> IMDb and Amazon were sued by [[Rovi Corporation]] and others for patent infringement over their various program listing offerings.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110105/03393312527/rovi-sues-amazon-not-licensing-its-electronic-tv-guide-patent.shtml|title=Rovi sues Amazon for not licensing its Electronic TV Guide patent|first=Mike|last=Masnick|newspaper=[[Techdirt]]|date=January 12, 2011|access-date=November 5, 2013}}</ref> The patent claims were ultimately construed in a way favorable to IMDb, and Rovi / United Video Properties lost the case.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/11/netflix-roasts-rovis-interactive-tv-guide-patents-at-itc|title=Netflix roasts Rovi's 'Interactive TV guide' patents at ITC|website=[[Ars Technica]]|first=Joe|last=Mullin|date=November 4, 2013|access-date=November 5, 2013}}</ref> In April 2014, the decision was affirmed by the U.S. Court of Appeals.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/cafc/13-1396/13-1396-2014-04-08.html|title=United Video Properties v. Amazon.com|publisher=law.justia.com|date= April 8, 2014|access-date=February 28, 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
On January 1, 2017, the State of California implemented state bill AB-1687, a [[SAG-AFTRA]]-backed anti-ageism statute which requires "commercial online entertainment employment services" to honor requests by their subscribers for their ages and birthdays to be hidden.<ref name="thr-imdblaw">{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/california-enacts-law-requiring-imdb-932330|title=California enacts law requiring IMDb to remove actor ages on request|newspaper=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|access-date=November 15, 2016}}</ref> By the beginning of 2017, IMDb had received more than 2,300&nbsp;requests from individuals to remove their date of birth from the site. Included in this group were 10&nbsp;[[Academy Award]] winners and another 71 nominated for Oscars, [[Emmy Award|Emmys]], or [[Golden Globe Award|Golden Globes]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2017/03/22/internet-censorship-hollywood-style/SnSepVsdtqkoAgqLQqj2SM/story.html|title=Internet censorship, Hollywood style|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|first=Hiawatha|last=Bray|date=March 23, 2017 |access-date=March 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516164039/http://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2017/03/22/internet-censorship-hollywood-style/SnSepVsdtqkoAgqLQqj2SM/story.html|archive-date=May 16, 2017}}</ref> On February 23, 2017, Judge [[Vince Chhabria|Vince Girdhari Chhabria]] issued a stay on the bill pending a further trial, claiming that it possibly violated the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]] because it inhibited the public consumption of information. He also questioned the intent of the bill, as it was ostensibly meant to target IMDb.<ref name="thr-lawstruck">{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/judge-pauses-enforcement-imdb-age-censorship-law-978797|title=Judge pauses enforcement of IMDb Age Censorship law|newspaper=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|access-date=February 23, 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Birth names publication policy==<br />
IMDb had long maintained that it would keep all valid information, but changed that policy related to birth names on August 12, 2019. IMDb will now remove birth names that are not widely and publicly known, of persons who no longer use their birth names.<ref name="Variety_20190813">{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/actors/imdb-alters-policy-publication-birth-names-1203300451|title=IMDb Alters Policy on Publication of Birth Names|first1=Dave|last1=McNary|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=August 13, 2019|access-date=March 7, 2020}}</ref> This was done in response to pressure from [[LGBTQ]] groups against the publication of transgender birth names without their consent, which is called "[[dead-naming]]". Any name a person had previously been credited under, however, continues to be maintained in the credits section.<ref name="Variety_20190813"/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}<br />
* [[All Media Network]]&nbsp;– a commercial database combining information from the older [[AllMovie]] and [[AllMusic]] sites<br />
* [[Animator.ru]]<br />
* [[Bibliographic database]] (Internet Book Database; IBookDb)<br />
* [[Big Cartoon DataBase]] (BCDB)<br />
* [[DBCult Film Institute]]<br />
* [[Discogs]]&nbsp;– music release reference guide and sales site<br />
* [[Douban]]<br />
* [[Filmweb]]<br />
* [[FindAnyFilm]]<br />
* [[Flickchart]]<br />
* [[Goodreads]]<br />
* [[Grand Comics Database]]<br />
* [[Internet Adult Film Database]]<br />
* [[Internet Movie Cars Database]] (IMCDb)<br />
* [[Internet Movie Firearms Database]] (IMFDb)<br />
* [[Internet Broadway Database]] (IBDb)<br />
* [[Internet Off-Broadway Database]] (IOBDb)<br />
* [[Internet Speculative Fiction Database]] (ISFDb)<br />
* [[Internet Theatre Database]] (ITDb)<br />
* [[Letterboxd]]<br />
* [[Metacritic]]<br />
* [[Rotten Tomatoes]]<br />
* [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]<br />
* [[TheTVDB]]<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
{{Portal bar|Internet|film|Television|United Kingdom|companies}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{Wikidata property|P345}}<br />
* {{Official website|https://www.imdb.com|IMDb}} – official site<br />
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[[Category:Webby Award winners]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Powell_and_Pressburger&diff=1068227754Template:Powell and Pressburger2022-01-27T09:08:42Z<p>SteveCrook: </p>
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<div>{{navbox<br />
| name = Powell and Pressburger<br />
| title = [[Powell and Pressburger|Powell and Pressburger (The Archers)]]<br />
| state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}<br />
| bodyclass = hlist<br />
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| above =<br />
* [[Michael Powell]]<br />
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| list1 = <br />
* ''[[The Spy in Black]]''<br />
* ''[[Contraband (1940 film)|Contraband]]''<br />
* ''[[49th Parallel (film)|49th Parallel]]''<br />
* ''[[One of Our Aircraft Is Missing|One of Our Aircraft is Missing]]''<br />
* ''[[The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]]''<br />
* ''[[The Volunteer (1944 film)|The Volunteer]]''<br />
* ''[[A Canterbury Tale]]''<br />
* ''[[I Know Where I'm Going!]]''<br />
* ''[[A Matter of Life and Death (film)|A Matter of Life and Death]]''<br />
* ''[[Black Narcissus]]''<br />
* ''[[The Red Shoes (1948 film)|The Red Shoes]]''<br />
* ''[[The Small Back Room]]''<br />
* ''[[The Elusive Pimpernel (1950 film)|The Elusive Pimpernel]]''<br />
* ''[[Gone to Earth (film)|Gone to Earth]]''<br />
* ''[[The Tales of Hoffmann (1951 film)|The Tales of Hoffmann]]''<br />
* ''[[Oh... Rosalinda!!]]''<br />
* ''[[The Battle of the River Plate (film)|The Battle of the River Plate]]''<br />
* ''[[Ill Met by Moonlight (film)|Ill Met by Moonlight]]''<br />
* ''[[They're a Weird Mob (film)|They're a Weird Mob]]''<br />
* ''[[The Boy Who Turned Yellow]]''<br />
| list2 = {{Navbox|subgroup<br />
| above = Powell only<br />
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* ''[[Born Lucky (film)|Born Lucky]]''<br />
* ''[[The Fire Raisers (film)|The Fire Raisers]]''<br />
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* ''[[Something Always Happens]]''<br />
* ''[[The Girl in the Crowd]]''<br />
* ''[[Lazybones (1935 film)|Lazybones]]''<br />
* ''[[The Love Test]]''<br />
* ''[[The Night of the Party]]''<br />
* ''[[The Phantom Light]]''<br />
* ''[[The Price of a Song]]''<br />
* ''[[Someday (1935 film)|Someday]]''<br />
* ''[[Her Last Affaire]]''<br />
* ''[[The Brown Wallet]]''<br />
* ''[[Crown v. Stevens]]''<br />
* ''[[The Man Behind the Mask]]''<br />
* ''[[The Edge of the World]]''<br />
* ''[[Smith (1939 film)|Smith]]''<br />
* ''[[The Lion Has Wings]]''<br />
* ''[[The Thief of Bagdad (1940 film)|The Thief of Bagdad]]''<br />
* ''[[An Airman's Letter to His Mother]]''<br />
* ''[[The Sorcerer's Apprentice (1955 film)|The Sorcerer's Apprentice]]''<br />
* ''[[Honeymoon (1959 film)|Luna de Miel]]''<br />
* ''[[Peeping Tom (1960 film)|Peeping Tom]]''<br />
* ''[[The Queen's Guards (film)|The Queen's Guards]]''<br />
* ''[[Herzog Blaubarts Burg]]''<br />
* ''[[Age of Consent (film)|Age of Consent]]''<br />
}}<br />
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}}<noinclude><br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Powell and Pressburger}}<br />
[[Category:British film director navigational boxes]]<br />
[[Category:Film producer navigational boxes]]<br />
[[Category:Film writer navigational boxes]]<br />
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</noinclude></div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deborah_Kerr&diff=1066942418Deborah Kerr2022-01-20T22:28:33Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1066894864 by 109.249.181.19 (talk) Yes, she was born in Scotland but Scotland is still part of Britain so anyone born in Scotland is British</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|British film and television actress}}<br />
{{about|the film and television actress |the American business executive|Deborah Lee Kerr|other uses|Deborah Kerr (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=November 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Deborah Kerr<br />
| honorific_suffix = [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]]<br />
| image = Deborah Kerr in colour Allan Warren.jpg<br />
| caption = Kerr in 1973, by [[Allan Warren]]<br />
| birth_name = Deborah Jane Trimmer<ref name="auto">{{cite news| url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/13300950.the-king-and-i-actress-deborah-kerr-is-glasgows-star-and-there-is-a-birth-certificate-to-prove-it/| title=The King and I actress Deborah Kerr is Glasgow's star - and there is a birth certificate to prove it| newspaper=[[Glasgow Times]]| first=Russell| last=Leadbetter| date=20 January 2015| access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref><br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1921|09|30|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Hillhead]], [[Glasgow]], Scotland<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|2007|10|16|1921|09|30|df=yes}}<br />
| death_place = [[Botesdale]], [[Suffolk]], England<br />
| resting_place = Alfold Cemetery, Alfold, near Guildford, Surrey, England<ref name="Grave">{{Cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/22285687/deborah-kerr|title=Deborah Kerr (1921-2007) - Find A Grave Memorial|website=www.findagrave.com|access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
| occupation = Actress<br />
| known for = ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]''<br />''[[From Here to Eternity]]''<br />''[[An Affair to Remember]]''<br />''[[Tea and Sympathy (film)|Tea and Sympathy]]''<br />''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]''<br />''[[Black Narcissus]]'' <br />''[[The Innocents (1961 film)|The Innocents]]'' <br />''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]''<br />
| years_active = 1937–1986<br />
| children = 2<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Tony Bartley]]|1945|1959|end=div}}<br />{{marriage|[[Peter Viertel]]|1960}}<br />
| relatives = [[Lex Shrapnel]] (grandson)<br />
}}<br />
'''Deborah Jane Trimmer'''<ref name="auto"/> [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (30 September 1921{{spaced ndash}}16 October 2007), known professionally as '''Deborah Kerr''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ɑr}}), was a British actress. She was nominated six times for the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]], and holds the record for most Best Actress Oscar nominations without a win.<br />
<br />
During her international film career, Kerr won a [[Golden Globe Award]] for her performance as [[Anna Leonowens]] in the musical film ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' (1956). Her other films include ''[[The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]]'' (1943), ''[[Black Narcissus]]'' (1947), ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' (1953), ''[[Tea and Sympathy (film)|Tea and Sympathy]]'' (1956), ''[[An Affair to Remember]]'' (1957), ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' (1957), ''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]'' (1958), ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' (1960), ''[[The Innocents (1961 film)|The Innocents]]'' (1961), ''[[The Grass is Greener]]'' (1960), and ''[[The Night of the Iguana (film)|The Night of the Iguana]]'' (1964).<br />
<br />
In 1994, having already received honorary awards from the [[Cannes Film Festival]] and [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA]], Kerr received an [[Academy Honorary Award]] with a citation recognizing her as "an artist of impeccable grace and beauty, a dedicated actress whose motion picture career has always stood for perfection, discipline and elegance".<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7051206.stm |title=British actress Kerr dies at 86 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=18 October 2007 |access-date=10 May 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Deborah Jane Trimmer<ref name="auto"/> was born on 30 September 1921 in [[Hillhead, Glasgow]],<ref name="herald">{{cite web| url=http://www.theherald.co.uk/features/features/display.var.1771494.0.0.php |title=Deborah Kerr profile |access-date=19 October 2007 |newspaper=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]] |location=Glasgow |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021045411/http://theherald.co.uk/features/features/display.var.1771494.0.0.php |archive-date=21 October 2007 }}</ref> the only daughter of Kathleen Rose ([[née]] Smale) and Capt. Arthur Charles Kerr Trimmer, a World War I veteran and pilot who lost a leg at the [[Battle of the Somme]] and later became a [[naval architect]] and civil engineer. Trimmer and Smale married, both aged 28, on 21 August 1919 in Smale's hometown of Lydney, Gloucestershire.<ref name=OUP>{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nbGcAQAAQBAJ&q=Deborah+Kerr| title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2005-2008| last=Goldman| first=Lawrence| date=7 March 2013| publisher=Oxford Univ Press| location=Oxford| isbn=978-0199671540| page=642}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/30/Deborah-Kerr.html |title=Deborah Kerr biography (1921–2007) |access-date=29 October 2007 |website=Filmreference.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
Young Deborah spent the first three years of her life in the west coast town of [[Helensburgh]], where her parents lived with Deborah's grandparents in a house on West King Street. Kerr had a younger brother, Edmund ("Teddy"), who became a journalist. He died, aged 78, in a [[road rage]] incident in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |title='Road rage' killer's appeal win |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_midlands/4861328.stm |work=BBC News |date=30 March 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Killer's term cut |url=http://archive.worcesternews.co.uk/2006/4/5/408116.html |newspaper=[[Worcester News]] |date=5 April 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722210505/http://archive.worcesternews.co.uk/2006/4/5/408116.html |archive-date=22 July 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kerr was educated at the independent Northumberland House School, [[Henleaze]] in Bristol, and at Rossholme School, [[Weston-super-Mare]]. Kerr originally trained as a ballet dancer, first appearing on stage at [[Sadler's Wells Theatre|Sadler's Wells]] in 1938. After changing careers, she soon found success as an actress. Her first acting teacher was her aunt, Phyllis Smale, who worked at a drama school in Bristol run by Lally Cuthbert Hicks.<ref name="Telegraph"/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5212/is_2000/ai_n19128627 |title=Deborah Kerr |year=2000 |work=International Dictionary of Film and Filmmakers |publisher=St. James Press |location=Detroit |first1=Richard |last1=Sater |first2=Robert |last2=Pardi |isbn=978-1558624498 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020185730/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5212/is_2000/ai_n19128627 |archive-date=20 October 2007}}</ref> She adopted the name Deborah Kerr on becoming a film actress ("Kerr" was a family name going back to the maternal grandmother of her grandfather Arthur Kerr Trimmer).<ref name="Deborah">Braun, Eric. ''Deborah Kerr''. St. Martin's Press, 1978. {{ISBN|0-312-18895-1}}.</ref><br />
<br />
== British career ==<br />
{{More citations needed|date=April 2020}}<br />
<br />
===Early theatre and film===<br />
Kerr's first stage appearance was at Weston-super-Mare in 1937, as "Harlequin" in the mime play ''Harlequin and Columbine''. She then went to the Sadler's Wells ballet school and in 1938 made her début in the corps de ballet in ''Prometheus''. After various walk-on parts in [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]] productions at the [[Regent's Park Open Air Theatre|Open Air Theatre]] in [[Regent's Park]], London, she joined the Oxford Playhouse repertory company in 1940, playing, ''inter alia'', "Margaret" in ''Dear Brutus'' and "Patty Moss" in ''The Two Bouquets''.<ref name="Telegraph" /><br />
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Kerr's first film role was in the British production ''[[Contraband (1940 film)|Contraband]]'' (US: ''Blackout'', 1940), aged 18 or 19, but her scenes were cut. She had a strong support role in ''[[Major Barbara (film)|Major Barbara]]'' (1941) directed by [[Gabriel Pascal]].<br />
<br />
===Film stardom===<br />
Kerr became known in Britain playing the lead role in the film of ''[[Love on the Dole (film)|Love on the Dole]]'' (1941). Said critic [[James Agate]] of ''Love on the Dole'', "is not within a mile of [[Wendy Hiller]]'s in the theatre, but it is a charming piece of work by a very pretty and promising beginner, so pretty and so promising that there is the usual yapping about a new star".<ref name="Telegraph"/><br />
<br />
She was the female lead in ''[[Penn of Pennsylvania]]'' (1941) which was little seen; however ''[[Hatter's Castle (film)|Hatter's Castle]]'' (1942), in which she starred with [[Robert Newton]] and [[James Mason]], was very successful. She played a Norwegian resistance fighter in ''[[The Day Will Dawn]]'' (1942). She was an immediate hit with the public: An American film trade paper reported in 1942 that she was the most popular British actress with Americans.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article44833626 |title=FILM NOTES. |newspaper=[[The West Australian]] |location=Perth |date=7 December 1945 |access-date=9 July 2012 |page=13 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kerr played three women in [[Michael Powell]] and [[Emeric Pressburger]]'s ''[[The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]]'' (1943). During the filming, according to Powell's autobiography, Powell and she became lovers:<ref name="Powell">{{cite book |last=Powell |first=Michael |title=A Life in Movies |publisher=Faber |edition=reprint |year=2000 |isbn=978-0571204311}}</ref> "I realised that Deborah was both the ideal and the flesh-and-blood woman whom I had been searching for".<ref name="Powell"/> Kerr made clear that her surname should be pronounced the same as "car". To avoid confusion over pronunciation, [[Louis B. Mayer]], head of [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] billed her as "Kerr rhymes with Star!"<ref name="car">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/19/movies/19kerr.html |title=Deborah Kerr, Actress Known for Genteel Grace and a Sexy Beach Kiss, Dies at 86 |date=19 October 2007 |access-date=20 October 2007 |first=Douglas |last=Martin |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Although the [[British Army]] refused to co-operate with the producers— and [[Winston Churchill]] thought the film would ruin wartime morale — ''Colonel Blimp'' confounded critics when it proved to be an artistic and commercial success.<ref name="Powell"/><br />
<br />
Powell hoped to reunite Kerr and lead actor [[Roger Livesey]] in his next film, ''[[A Canterbury Tale]]'' (1944), but her agent had sold her contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. According to Powell, his affair with Kerr ended when she made it clear to him that she would accept an offer to go to Hollywood if one were made.<ref name="Powell"/><br />
<br />
In 1943, aged 21, Kerr made her West End début as Ellie Dunn in a revival of ''[[Heartbreak House]]'' at the [[Cambridge Theatre]], stealing attention from stalwarts such as [[Edith Evans]] and [[Isabel Jeans]]. "She has the rare gift", wrote critic <!-- Not knighted until 1954. -->[[Beverley Baxter]], "of thinking her lines, not merely remembering them. The process of development from a romantic, silly girl to a hard, disillusioned woman in three hours was moving and convincing".<ref name="Telegraph"/><br />
<br />
Near the end of the Second World War, she also toured Holland, France, and Belgium for [[ENSA]] as Mrs Manningham in ''Gaslight'' (retitled ''Angel Street''), and Britain (with [[Stewart Granger]]).{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}<br />
<br />
[[Alexander Korda]] cast her opposite [[Robert Donat]] in ''[[Perfect Strangers (1945 film)|Perfect Strangers]]'' (1945). The film was a big hit in Britain. So too was the spy comedy drama ''[[I See a Dark Stranger]]'' (1946), in which she gave a breezy, amusing performance that dominated the action and overshadowed her co-star [[Trevor Howard]]. This film was a production of the team of [[Frank Launder]] and [[Sidney Gilliat]].<br />
<br />
Her role as a troubled nun in the Powell and Pressburger production of ''[[Black Narcissus]]'' (1947) brought her to the attention of Hollywood producers. The film was a hit in the US, as well as the UK, and Kerr won the [[New York Film Critics Award]] as Actress of the Year. British exhibitors voted her the eighth-most popular local star at the box-office in 1947.<ref>'Bing's Lucky Number: Pa Crosby Dons 4th B.O. Crown', ''The Washington Post'' 3 January 1948: p. 12.</ref> She relocated to Hollywood and was under contract to MGM.<br />
<br />
==Hollywood==<br />
===Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer===<br />
[[File:Deborah Kerr in Young Bess trailer.jpg|thumb|Kerr in ''[[Young Bess]]'' (1953)]]<br />
Kerr's first film for MGM in Hollywood was a mature satire of the burgeoning advertising industry, ''[[The Hucksters]]'' (1947) with [[Clark Gable]] and [[Ava Gardner]]. She and [[Walter Pidgeon]] were cast in ''[[If Winter Comes]]'' (1947). She received the first of her [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] nominations for ''[[Edward, My Son]]'' (1949), a drama set and filmed in England co-starring [[Spencer Tracy]].<br />
<br />
In Hollywood, Kerr's British accent and manner led to a succession of roles portraying refined, reserved, and "proper" English ladies. Kerr, nevertheless, used any opportunity to discard her cool exterior. She had the lead in a comedy ''[[Please Believe Me]]'' (1950).<br />
<br />
Kerr appeared in two huge hits for MGM in a row. ''[[King Solomon's Mines (1950 film)|King Solomon's Mines]]'' (1950) was shot on location in Africa with [[Stewart Granger]] and [[Richard Carlson (actor)|Richard Carlson]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Thomas F Brady |newspaper=The New York Times |date=23 July 1949 |title=Deborah Kerr Gets Metro Movie Lead|id={{ProQuest|105803181}} }}</ref> This was immediately followed by her appearance in the religious epic ''[[Quo Vadis (1951 film)|Quo Vadis]]'' (1951), shot at [[Cinecittà]] in Rome, in which she played the indomitable Lygia, a first-century Christian.<br />
<br />
She then played Princess Flavia in a remake of ''[[The Prisoner of Zenda (1952 film)|The Prisoner of Zenda]]'' (1952) with Granger and Mason. In between Paramount borrowed her to appear in ''[[Thunder in the East (1951 film)|Thunder in the East]]'' (1951) with [[Alan Ladd]].<br />
<br />
In 1953, Kerr "showed her theatrical mettle" as Portia in [[Joseph Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[Julius Caesar (1953 film)|Julius Caesar]]''.<ref name="Telegraph"/> She made ''[[Young Bess]]'' (1953) with Granger and Jean Simmons, then appeared alongside [[Cary Grant]] in ''[[Dream Wife]]'' (1953), a flop comedy.<br />
<br />
===''From Here to Eternity'' and Broadway===<br />
Kerr departed from typecasting with a performance that brought out her sensuality, as "Karen Holmes", the embittered military wife in [[Fred Zinnemann]]'s ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' (1953), for which she received an Oscar nomination for [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]. The [[American Film Institute]] acknowledged the iconic status of the scene from that film in which [[Burt Lancaster]] and she romped illicitly and passionately amidst crashing waves on a Hawaiian beach. The organisation ranked it 20th in its [[AFI's 100 Years…100 Passions|list of the 100 most romantic films of all time]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.afi.com/100Years/passions.aspx| title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions| website=American Film Institute| access-date=15 February 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Having established herself as a film actress in the meantime, she made her Broadway debut in 1953, appearing in [[Robert Anderson (playwright)|Robert Anderson]]'s ''[[Tea and Sympathy (play)|Tea and Sympathy]]'', for which she received a [[Tony Award]] nomination. Kerr performed the same role in [[Vincente Minnelli]]'s film adaptation [[Tea and Sympathy (film)|released in 1956]]; her stage partner [[John Kerr (actor)|John Kerr]] (no relation) also appeared. In 1955, Kerr won the [[Sarah Siddons Award]] for her performance in Chicago during a national tour of the play. After her Broadway début in 1953, she toured the United States with ''Tea and Sympathy''.<br />
<br />
===Peak years of stardom===<br />
[[File:Deborah Kerr in An Affair to Remember trailer.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Kerr in ''[[An Affair to Remember]]'' (1957)]]<br />
[[File:Robert Mitchum Deborah Kerr Heaven Knows Mr. Allison 1957 (cropped).jpg|thumb|alt=Black and white photo of Robert Mitchum holding a gun standing next to Deborah Kerr in the movie Heaven Knows Mr. Allison in 1957|right|With [[Robert Mitchum]] in ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' (1957)]]<br />
Thereafter, Kerr's career choices would make her known in Hollywood for her versatility as an actress.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="car"/> She played the repressed wife in ''[[The End of the Affair (1955 film)|The End of the Affair]]'' (1955), shot in England with [[Van Johnson]]. She was a widow in love with [[William Holden]] in ''[[The Proud and Profane]]'' (1956), directed by [[George Seaton]]. Neither film was much of a hit. However Kerr then played [[Anna Leonowens]] in the film version of the [[Richard Rodgers|Rodgers]] and [[Oscar Hammerstein II|Hammerstein]] musical ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' (1956); with [[Yul Brynner]] in the lead, it was a huge hit. [[Marni Nixon]] dubbed Kerr's singing voice.<br />
<br />
She played a nun in ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' (1957) opposite her long-time friend [[Robert Mitchum]], directed by [[John Huston]]. It was very popular as was ''[[An Affair to Remember]]'' (1957) opposite [[Cary Grant]].<br />
<br />
Kerr starred in two films with [[David Niven]]: ''[[Bonjour Tristesse (film)|Bonjour Tristesse]]'' (1958), directed by [[Otto Preminger]], and ''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]'' (1958), directed by [[Delbert Mann]]; the latter movie was particularly well received.<br />
<br />
She made two films at MGM: ''[[The Journey (1959 film)|The Journey]]'' (1959) reunited her with Brynner; ''[[Count Your Blessings (1959 film)|Count Your Blessings]]'' (1959), was a comedy. Both flopped, as did ''[[Beloved Infidel]]'' (1959) with [[Gregory Peck]].<br />
<br />
==Later Films==<br />
[[File:Deborah Kerr 4.jpg|thumb|Kerr in ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' (1960)]]<br />
Kerr was reunited with Mitchum in ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' (1960) shot in Australia, then ''[[The Grass Is Greener]]'' (1960), co-starring [[Cary Grant]]. She appeared in [[Gary Cooper]]'s last film ''[[The Naked Edge]]'' (1961) and starred in ''[[The Innocents (1961 film)|The Innocents]]'' (1961) where she plays a governess tormented by apparitions.<br />
<br />
Kerr made her British TV debut in "Three Roads to Rome" (1963). She was another governess in ''[[The Chalk Garden (film)|The Chalk Garden]]'' (1964) and worked with John Huston again in ''[[The Night of the Iguana (film)|The Night of the Iguana]]'' (1964).<br />
<br />
She joined [[Dean Martin]] and [[Frank Sinatra]] in a love triangle for a romantic comedy, ''[[Marriage on the Rocks]]'' (1965).<br />
<br />
In 1965, the producers of ''[[Carry On Screaming!]]'' offered her a fee comparable to that paid to the rest of the cast combined, but she turned it down in favour of appearing in an aborted stage version of ''[[Flowers for Algernon]]''. She replaced [[Kim Novak]] in ''[[Eye of the Devil]]'' (1966) with Niven, and was reteamed with Niven in the comedy ''[[Casino Royale (1967 film)|Casino Royale]]'' (1967), achieving the distinction of being, at 45, the oldest "[[Bond Girl]]" in any [[James Bond]] film, until [[Monica Bellucci]], at the age of 50, in ''[[Spectre (2015 film)|Spectre]]'' (2015). ''Casino Royal'' was a hit as was another movie she made with Niven, ''[[Prudence and the Pill]]'' (1968).<br />
<br />
Pressure of competition from younger, upcoming actresses made her agree to appear nude in [[John Frankenheimer]]'s ''[[The Gypsy Moths]]'' (1969), the only nude scene in her career. She made ''[[The Arrangement (film)|The Arrangement]]'' (1969) with [[Elia Kazan]], her director from the stage production of ''Tea and Sympathy''. She returned to the cinema one more time in 1985's ''[[The Assam Garden]].<br />
<br />
==Theatre==<br />
Concern about the parts being offered to her, as well as the increasing amount of nudity included in films, led her to abandon the medium at the end of the 1960s, with one exception in 1985, in favour of television and theatre work.<ref name="Deborah"/><br />
<br />
Kerr returned to the London stage in many productions including the old-fashioned, ''The Day After the Fair'' (Lyric, 1972), a [[Peter Ustinov]] comedy, ''Overheard'' (Haymarket, 1981) and a revival of [[Emlyn Williams]]'s ''The Corn is Green''.<ref name="Telegraph"/> After her first London success in 1943, she toured England and Scotland in ''Heartbreak House''.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}<br />
<br />
In 1975, she returned to Broadway, creating the role of Nancy in [[Edward Albee]]'s [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning play ''[[Seascape (play)|Seascape]]''.<br />
<br />
In 1977, she came back to the West End, playing the title role in a production of [[George Bernard Shaw]]'s ''[[Candida (play)|Candida]]''.<br />
<br />
The theatre, despite her success in films, was always to remain Kerr's first love, even though going on stage filled her with trepidation:<br />
{{blockquote|I do it because it's exactly like dressing up for the grown ups. I don't mean to belittle acting but I'm like a child when I'm out there performing—shocking the grownups, enchanting them, making them laugh or cry. It's an unbelievable terror, a kind of masochistic madness. The older you get, the easier it should be but it isn't.<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1566509/Deborah-Kerr.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1566509/Deborah-Kerr.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Obituaries: Deborah Kerr |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=19 October 2007 |access-date=20 June 2020 |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
==Television==<br />
Kerr experienced a career resurgence on television in the early 1980s when she played the role of the nurse (played by [[Elsa Lanchester]] in the 1957 film of the same name) in ''[[Witness for the Prosecution (1982 film)|Witness for the Prosecution]]'', with Sir [[Ralph Richardson]]. She also did ''A Song at Twilight'' (1982).<br />
<br />
She took on the role of the older Emma Harte, a [[tycoon]], in the adaptation of [[Barbara Taylor Bradford]]'s ''[[A Woman of Substance (miniseries)|A Woman of Substance]]'' (1984). For this performance, Kerr was nominated for an [[Emmy Award]].<br />
<br />
Kerr rejoined old screen partner Mitchum in ''[[Reunion at Fairborough]]'' (1985). Other TV roles included ''Ann and Debbie'' (1986) and ''[[Hold the Dream]]'' (1986), the latter a sequel to ''A Woman of Substance''.<br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Kerr's first marriage was to [[Squadron Leader]] [[Tony Bartley|Anthony Bartley]] [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] on 29 November 1945. They had two daughters, Melanie Jane (born 27 December 1947) and Francesca Ann (born 18 December 1951, and subsequently married to the actor [[John Shrapnel]]). The marriage was troubled, owing to Bartley's jealousy of his wife's fame and financial success,<ref name="Deborah"/> and because her career often took her away from home. They divorced in 1959.<br />
<br />
Her second marriage was to author [[Peter Viertel]] on 23 July 1960. In marrying Viertel, she became stepmother to Viertel's daughter, Christine Viertel. Although she long resided in [[Klosters]], Switzerland and [[Marbella]], Spain, Kerr moved back to Britain to be closer to her own children as her health began to deteriorate. Her husband, however, continued to live in Marbella.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/actress-deborah-kerr-dies-at-86/| title=Actress Deborah Kerr Dies at 86| date=18 October 2007| work=[[CBS News]]| access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Stewart Granger]] claimed in his autobiography that in 1945 she had approached him romantically in the back of his chauffeur-driven car at the time he was making ''Caesar and Cleopatra''.<ref>{{cite book| last=Granger| first=Stewart| title=Sparks Fly Upward| publisher=Harper Collins| year=1981| pages=88–91| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGpZAAAAMAAJ&q=Deborah+Kerr| isbn=978-0399126741}}</ref> Although at the time he was married to [[Elspeth March]], he states that he and Kerr went on to have an affair.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leninimports.com/stewart_granger.html#partone |title=Stewart Granger |access-date=19 November 2007 |website=Lenin Imports}}</ref> When asked about this revelation, Kerr's response was, "What a gallant man he is!"<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-stewart-granger-1461853.html|title=Obituary: Stewart Granger| last=Vallance |first=Tom |date=17 August 1993 |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |location=London}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
[[File:The grave of Deborah Kerr, Alfold churchyard in Surrey.png|thumb|The grave of Deborah Kerr, Alfold churchyard in Surrey]]<br />
Kerr died aged 86 on 16 October 2007 at [[Botesdale]], a village in the county of [[Suffolk]], England, from the effects of [[Parkinson's disease]].<ref name="ClarkM-USAT-obit">Clark, Mike (18 October 2007). [https://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-10-18-kerr-obit_n.htm "Actress Deborah Kerr dies at age 86"]. ''[[USA Today]]''.</ref><ref name="CNN-obit">[http://www.cnn.com/2007/SHOWBIZ/Movies/10/18/obit.kerr.ap/index.html "''From Here to Eternity'' actress Kerr dies."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830053325/http://www.cnn.com/2007/SHOWBIZ/Movies/10/18/obit.kerr.ap/index.html |date=30 August 2008 }} ''[[CNN]]''. 18 October 2007</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Actress Deborah Kerr has died |newspaper=[[Detroit Free Press]] |url=http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071018/NEWS07/71018026/0/COL14 |date=18 October 2007 |access-date=18 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020135708/http://freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20071018%2FNEWS07%2F71018026%2F0%2FCOL14 |archive-date=20 October 2007 |url-status=dead |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> She is buried in a family plot at Alfold Cemetery, [[Alfold]], Surrey.<ref name="Grave" /><br />
<br />
Within three weeks after her death, her husband Peter Viertel died of cancer on 4 November.<ref>{{cite news| title=Peter Viertel, 86, Writer| url=https://variety.com/2007/scene/markets-festivals/peter-viertel-86-writer-1117975519/| date=7 November 2007| newspaper=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]| access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> At the time of Viertel's death, director Michael Scheingraber was filming the documentary ''Peter Viertel: Between the Lines'', which includes reminiscences concerning Kerr and the Academy Awards.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.peterviertel.com/between_the_lines.html |title=Between The Lines A film by Michael Scheingraber |publisher=eeweems.com |access-date=10 May 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Work ==<br />
=== Film ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Director !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 1940 || ''[[Contraband (1940 film)|Contraband]]'' || Cigarette Girl || [[Michael Powell]] || scenes deleted<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1941 || ''[[Major Barbara (film)|Major Barbara]]'' || Jenny Hill || [[Gabriel Pascal]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Love on the Dole (film)|Love on the Dole]]'' || Sally Hardcastle || [[John Baxter (director)|John Baxter]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"| 1942 || ''[[Penn of Pennsylvania]]'' || Gulielma Maria Springett || rowspan=2|[[Lance Comfort]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Hatter's Castle (film)|Hatter's Castle]]'' || Mary Brodie|| <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Day Will Dawn]]'' || Kari Alstad || [[Harold French]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''A Battle for a Bottle'' || Linda (voice)|| || animated short <br />
|-<br />
| 1943 || ''[[The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]]'' || Edith Hunter<br />Barbara Wynne<br />Johnny Cannon || [[Powell and Pressburger]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1945 || ''[[Perfect Strangers (1945 film)|Perfect Strangers]]'' || Catherine Wilson || [[Alexander Korda]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1946 || ''[[I See a Dark Stranger]]'' || Bridie Quilty || [[Frank Launder]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"| 1947 || ''[[Black Narcissus]]'' || Sister Clodagh || [[Powell and Pressburger]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Hucksters]]'' || Kay Dorrance || [[Jack Conway (filmmaker)|Jack Conway]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[If Winter Comes]]'' || Nona Tybar || [[Victor Saville]] || <br />
|-<br />
| 1949 || ''[[Edward, My Son]]'' || Evelyn Boult || [[George Cukor]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1950 || ''[[Please Believe Me]]'' || Alison Kirbe || [[Norman Taurog]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[King Solomon's Mines (1950 film)|King Solomon's Mines]]'' || Elizabeth Curtis || [[Compton Bennett]] <br/> [[Andrew Marton]] ||<br />
|-.<br />
| 1951 || ''[[Quo Vadis (1951 film)|Quo Vadis]]'' || Lygia || [[Mervyn LeRoy]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1952 || ''[[Thunder in the East (1952 film)|Thunder in the East]]'' || Joan Willoughby || [[Charles Vidor]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Prisoner of Zenda (1952 film)|The Prisoner of Zenda]]'' || Princess Flavia || [[Richard Thorpe]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"| 1953 || ''[[Julius Caesar (1953 film)|Julius Caesar]]'' || [[Porcia (wife of Brutus)|Portia]] || [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Young Bess]]'' || [[Catherine Parr]] || [[George Sidney]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Dream Wife]]'' || Effie || [[Sidney Sheldon]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' || Karen Holmes || [[Fred Zinnemann]] || <br />
|-<br />
| 1955 || ''[[The End of the Affair (1955 film)|The End of the Affair]]'' || Sarah Miles || [[Edward Dmytryk]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"| 1956 || ''[[The Proud and Profane]]'' || Lee Ashley || [[George Seaton]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' || [[Anna Leonowens]] || [[Walter Lang]] || singing dubbed by [[Marni Nixon]] <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Tea and Sympathy (film)|Tea and Sympathy]]'' || Laura Reynolds || [[Vincent Minnelli]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1957 || ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' || Sister Angela || [[John Huston]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[An Affair to Remember]]'' || Terry McKay || [[Leo McCarey]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1958 || ''[[Bonjour Tristesse (film)|Bonjour Tristesse]]'' || Anne Larson || [[Otto Preminger]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]'' || Sibyl Railton-Bell || [[Delbert Mann]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"| 1959 || ''[[The Journey (1959 film)|The Journey]]'' || Diana Ashmore || [[Anatole Litvak]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Count Your Blessings (1959 film)|Count Your Blessings]]'' || Grace Allingham || [[Jean Negulesco]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Beloved Infidel]]'' || [[Sheilah Graham]] || [[Henry King (director)|Henry King]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1960 || ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' || Ida Carmody || [[Fred Zinnemann]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Grass Is Greener]]'' || Lady Hilary Rhyall || [[Stanley Donen]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1961 || ''[[The Naked Edge]]'' || Martha Radcliffe || [[Michael Anderson (director)|Michael Anderson]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Innocents (1961 film)|The Innocents]]'' || Miss Giddens || [[Jack Clayton]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1964 || ''[[The Chalk Garden (film)|The Chalk Garden]]'' || Miss Madrigal || [[Ronald Neame]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Night of the Iguana (film)|The Night of the Iguana]]'' || Hannah Jelkes || [[John Huston]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1965 || ''[[Marriage on the Rocks]]'' || Valerie Edwards || [[Jack Donohue (director)|John Donohue]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1966 || ''[[Eye of the Devil]]'' || Catherine de Montfaucon || [[J. Lee Thompson]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1967 || ''[[Casino Royale (1967 film)|Casino Royale]]'' || Agent Mimi/Lady Fiona || [[John Huston]]<br>[[Val Guest]]<ref>{{cite magazine| url=http://www.007magazine.co.uk/casino_royale-50.htm|title= Casino Royale is too much for one James Bond| magazine=007 Magazine| date=July 2017| issue=40}}</ref> || <br />
|-<br />
| 1968 || ''[[Prudence and the Pill]]'' || Prudence Hardcastle || [[Fielder Cook]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1969 || ''[[The Gypsy Moths]]'' || Elizabeth Brandon || [[John Frankenheimer]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Arrangement (1969 film)|The Arrangement]]'' || Florence Anderson || [[Elia Kazan]] || <br />
|-<br />
|1985 || ''[[The Assam Garden]]'' || Helen Graham || Mary McMurray ||<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|1963 || ''[[ITV Play of the Week]]'' || Moira || Episode: Three Roads to Rome <br />
|-<br />
| 1982 || ''[[BBC2 Playhouse]]'' || Carlotta Gray || Episode: ''A Song at Twilight''<br />
|-<br />
|1982 || ''[[Witness for the Prosecution (1982 film)|Witness for the Prosecution]]'' || Nurse Plimsoll || Television movie <br />
|-<br />
| 1984 || ''[[A Woman of Substance (miniseries)|A Woman of Substance]]'' || Emma Harte || Miniseries<br />
|-<br />
|1985 || ''[[Reunion at Fairborough]]'' || Sally Wells Grant || Television movie<br />
|-<br />
|1986 || ''Annie and Debbie'' || Ann || Television movie<br />
|-<br />
| 1986 || ''[[Hold the Dream]]'' || Emma Harte || Miniseries <br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Theatre ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Venue <br />
|-<br />
|1943 || ''[[Heartbreak House]]'' || Ellie Dunn || [[Cambridge Theatre]], London<br />
|-<br />
|1953 || ''[[Tea and Sympathy (play)|Tea and Sympathy]]'' || Laura Reynolds || [[Ethel Barrymore Theatre]], New York City<br />
|-<br />
|1972 || ''The Day After the Fair'' || Edith || [[Lyric Theatre, London|Lyric Theatre]], London<br />
|-<br />
|1975 || ''[[Seascape (play)|Seascape]]'' || Nancy || [[Shubert Theatre (New York City)|Shubert Theatre]], New York City<br />
|-<br />
|1977 || ''[[Long Day's Journey into Night]]'' || Mary Tyrone || [[Ahmanson Theatre]], Los Angeles<br />
|-<br />
|1977 || ''[[Candida (play)|Candida]]'' || Candida || [[Noël Coward Theatre|Albery Theatre]], London<br />
|-<br />
|1978 || ''[[The Last of Mrs. Cheyney (play)|The Last of Mrs. Cheyney]]'' || Mrs. Cheyney || Eisenhower Theatre, [[Kennedy Center]], Washington DC<br />
|-<br />
|1981 || ''Overheard'' || || [[Theatre Royal Haymarket]], London<br />
|-<br />
|1985 || ''[[The Corn is Green]]'' || Miss Moffat || [[The Old Vic]], London<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Radio ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Program !! Episode/Source<br />
|-<br />
| 1944|| ''A Date with Nurse Dugdale'' || BBC Home Service, 19 May 1944. <br/>Guest star role in the penultimate episode.<br />
|-<br />
| 1952|| ''[[Lux Radio Theatre]]'' || ''[[King Solomon's Mines (1950 film)|King Solomon's Mines]]''<ref>{{cite news| last1=Kirby| first1=Walter| title=Better Radio Programs for the Week| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2613711/the_decatur_daily_review/| newspaper=The Decatur Daily Review| date=30 November 1952| page=48| via=[[Newspapers.com]]| access-date=14 June 2015}} {{Open access}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1952|| ''[[Hallmark Playhouse]]'' || ''The Pleasant Lea''<ref>{{cite news| last1=Kirby| first1=Walter| title=Better Radio Programs for the Week| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2477300/the_decatur_daily_review/| newspaper=The Decatur Daily Review| date=9 March 1952| page=42| via=Newspapers.com| access-date=23 May 2015}} {{Open access}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1952|| ''Hollywood Sound Stage'' || ''[[Michael and Mary]]''<ref name="Better Radio Programs for the Week">{{cite news| last1=Kirby| first1=Walter| title=Better Radio Programs for the Week| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2470060/the_decatur_daily_review/| newspaper=The Decatur Daily Review| date=16 March 1952| page=44| via=Newspapers.com| access-date=23 May 2015}} {{Open access}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1952|| ''[[Suspense (radio drama)|Suspense]]'' || ''The Colonel's Lady''<ref>{{cite news| last1=Kirby| first1=Walter| title=Better Radio Programs for the Week| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2448157/the_decatur_daily_review/| newspaper=The Decatur Daily Review| date=30 March 1952| page=46| via=Newspapers.com| access-date=18 May 2015}} {{Open access}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1952|| ''[[Hollywood Star Playhouse]]'' || ''Companion Wanted''<ref name="Better Radio Programs for the Week"/><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Awards and nominations ==<br />
<br />
'''[[Academy Awards]]'''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="5" style="font-size: 95%"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"|Year<br />
! width="35%"|Category<br />
! width="35%"|Work<br />
! width="10%"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[22nd Academy Awards|1950]] || rowspan="6"|[[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || ''[[Edward, My Son]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[26th Academy Awards|1954]] || ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[29th Academy Awards|1957]] || ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[30th Academy Awards|1958]] || ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[31st Academy Awards|1959]] || ''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[33rd Academy Awards|1961]] || ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[66th Academy Awards|1994]] || [[Academy Honorary Award|Honorary Oscar]] || -- || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
She is tied with [[Thelma Ritter]] and [[Amy Adams]] as the actresses with the second most nominations without winning, surpassed only by [[Glenn Close]], who has been nominated eight times without winning.<br />
<br />
'''[[British Academy Film Awards]]'''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="5" style="font-size: 95%"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"|Year<br />
! width="35%"|Category<br />
! width="35%"|Work<br />
! width="10%"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[9th British Academy Film Awards|1956]] || rowspan="4"| [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|Best British Actress]] ||''[[The End of the Affair (1955 film)|The End of the Affair]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[11th British Academy Film Awards|1958]] || ''[[Tea and Sympathy (film)|Tea and Sympathy]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[15th British Academy Film Awards|1962]] || ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[18th British Academy Film Awards|1965]] || ''[[The Chalk Garden (film)|The Chalk Garden]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[44th British Academy Film Awards|1991]] || Special Award || -- || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''[[Primetime Emmy Awards]]'''<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="5" style="font-size: 95%"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"|Year<br />
! width="35%"|Category<br />
! width="35%"|Work<br />
! width="10%"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[37th Primetime Emmy Awards|1985]] || [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie|Outstanding Supporting Actress - Limited Series]] || ''[[A Woman of Substance (miniseries)|A Woman of Substance]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''[[Golden Globe Awards]]'''<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="5" style="font-size: 95%"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"|Year<br />
! width="35%"|Category<br />
! width="35%"|Work<br />
! width="10%"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[7th Golden Globe Awards|1950]] || [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama|Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama]] || ''[[Edward, My Son]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[14th Golden Globe Awards|1957]] || [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy|Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy]] || ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[15th Golden Globe Awards|1958]] || [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama|Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama]] || ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| [[16th Golden Globe Awards|1959]] || [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama|Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama]] || ''[[Separate Tables]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
| Henrietta Award (World Film Favorite) || -- || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''[[New York Film Critics Circle|NYFCC Awards]]'''<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="5" style="font-size: 95%"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"|Year<br />
! width="35%"|Category<br />
! width="35%"|Work<br />
! width="10%"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[1946 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|1946]] || rowspan="5"| [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || ''[[The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]]'', ''[[Love on the Dole]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[1947 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|1947]] || ''[[Black Narcissus]]'', ''[[I See a Dark Stranger]]'' || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[1956 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|1956]] || ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'', ''[[Tea and Sympathy (film)|Tea and Sympathy]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[1957 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|1957]] || ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[1960 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|1960]] || ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Honours ==<br />
[[File:Deborah Kerr Star HWF.JPG|thumb|right|Kerr's star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] at 1709 Vine Street]]<br />
<br />
Kerr was made a Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) in 1998, but was unable to accept the honour in person because of ill health.<ref>{{cite news |first=Brian |last=Baxter |title=Deborah Kerr |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2007/oct/18/obituaries.news |format=obituary |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=18 October 2007 |access-date=20 June 2020 |location=London}}</ref> She was also honoured in Hollywood, where she received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] at 1709 Vine Street for her contributions to the motion picture industry.<br />
<br />
Although nominated six times as Best Actress, Kerr never won a competitive Oscar. In 1994, [[Glenn Close]] presented Kerr with the [[Honorary Oscar]] for lifetime achievement with a citation recognising her as "an artist of impeccable grace and beauty, a dedicated actress whose motion picture career has always stood for perfection, discipline and elegance".<ref>{{cite news| url=https://observer.com/2018/02/biggest-snubs-in-academy-awards-history-glenn-close-alfred-hitchcock/| title=Biggest Snubs in Academy Awards History| last=White| first=Jim| date=2 February 2018 |work=[[Observer Media|Observer]]|location=New York|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kerr won a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress&nbsp;– Motion Picture Musical or Comedy|Golden Globe Award for "Best Actress&nbsp;– Motion Picture Musical or Comedy"]] for ''The King and I'' in 1957 and a Henrietta Award for "World Film Favorite&nbsp;– Female". She was the first performer to win the [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress|New York Film Critics Circle Award for "Best Actress"]] three times (1947, 1957 and 1960).<br />
<br />
Although she never won a [[BAFTA]] or [[Cannes Film Festival]] award in a competitive category, both organisations gave Kerr honorary awards: a Cannes Film Festival Tribute in 1984<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ina.fr/archivespourtous/index.php?vue=notice&id_notice=CPB93005735 |title=Pierre Tchernia présentateur du palmares du festival de Cannes |access-date=20 June 2020 |date=23 May 1984 |trans-title=Pierre Tchernia, presenter of the Cannes Festival palmares |publisher=Festival International de Cannes |language=fr}}</ref> and a BAFTA Special Award in 1991.<ref name="Telegraph" /><br />
<br />
In September and October 2010, Josephine Botting of the [[British Film Institute]] curated the "Deborah Kerr Season", which included around twenty of her feature films and an exhibition of posters, memorabilia and personal items loaned by her family.<br />
<br />
In September 2021, Kerr's grandsons, Joe and [[Lex Shrapnel]], unveiled a memorial plaque at the former family home in [[Weston-super-Mare]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pickstock |first1=Heather |title=Hollywood actress Deborah Kerr recognised in home town of Weston-super-Mare |url=https://www.somersetlive.co.uk/news/somerset-news/hollywood-actress-deborah-kerr-recognised-5862536 |website=Somerset Live |access-date=5 September 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 30 September 2021, on what would have been Kerr's one hundredth birthday, the [[Lord Provost]] of Glasgow, [[Philip Braat]], unveiled a memorial plaque in Ruskin Terrace, on the site of the nursing home where Kerr was born.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Anderson |first1=Deborah |title=Glasgow roots of Hollywood star celebrated as plaque is unveiled |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19617170.glasgow-roots-hollywood-star-celebrated-plaque-unveiled/ |access-date=1 October 2021 |work=The Herald |date=1 October 2021 |page=3}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* Braun, Eric. ''Deborah Kerr''. St. Martin's Press, 1978. {{ISBN|0-312-18895-1}}.<br />
* Capua, Michelangelo. ''Deborah Kerr. A Biography''. McFarland, 2010. {{ISBN|978-0-7864-5882-0}}.<br />
* Street, Sarah. ''Deborah Kerr''. British Film Institute, 2018. {{ISBN|978-1844576753}}.<br />
* Powell, Michael. ''A Life in Movies''. Heinemann, 1986. {{ISBN|0-434-59945-X}}.<br />
* Andrew, Penelope. "Deborah Kerr: An Actress in Search of an Author". ''Bright Lights Film Journal'', May 2011, Issue #72. [http://www.brightlightsfilm.com/72/72kerr_andrew.php Deborah Kerr: An Actress in Search of an Author], (c) Penelope Andrew, 2011.<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
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* {{IBDB name}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|0000039}}<br />
* {{Tcmdb name}}<br />
* {{Screenonline name|455213}}<br />
* [http://www.deborahkerr.weebly.com Deborah Kerr "Rhymes with Star" tribute site]<br />
* [http://www.helensburghheroes.com/heroes/deborah_kerr Deborah Kerr] at Helensburgh Heroes.<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080926023358/http://www.cinemagraphe.com/enigma-deborah-kerr.php The Enigma of Deborah Kerr], ephemera, media files and essay at cinemagraphe.com.<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080611114714/http://sydneyfilmfestival.org/films.asp?sID=4&id=71 "From Kerr To Eternity"], 55th Sydney Film Festival Deborah Kerr retrospective (2008).<br />
* [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-russnow/deborah-kerr-rhymes-with_b_95546.html Deborah Kerr Rhymes With Star, and What a Star She Was: She Deserves to be Remembered, Too], ''[[Huffington Post]]'', 7 April 2008.<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080417100010/http://www.pedroalmodovar.es/PAB_EN_01TAbrazosRotos.asp Deborah Kerr tribute] by Spanish director Pedro Almodóvar, whose script for his film ''[[Broken Embraces]]'' was influenced by his reflections on her at the time of her death.<br />
* [http://www.deborahkerr.es Extensive collection of press articles from the 1940s to 2000s, photo galleries and other information] at deborahkerr.es (April 2009).<br />
* [http://film.virtual-history.com/person.php?personid=1615 Photographs and literature] at virtual-history.com.<br />
<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
|title = Awards for Deborah Kerr<br />
|list =<br />
{{Academy Honorary Award}}<br />
{{British Film Institute Fellowship}}<br />
{{David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actress}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureMusicalComedy 1950-1960}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
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{{good article}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kerr, Deborah}}<br />
[[Category:1921 births]]<br />
[[Category:2007 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Scottish actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Academy Honorary Award recipients]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA winners (people)]]<br />
[[Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:British expatriates in Spain]]<br />
[[Category:British expatriates in Switzerland]]<br />
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:Neurological disease deaths in England]]<br />
[[Category:Deaths from Parkinson's disease]]<br />
[[Category:Donaldson Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:David di Donatello winners]]<br />
[[Category:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players]]<br />
[[Category:People from Helensburgh]]<br />
[[Category:Scottish film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Scottish stage actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Scottish television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Glasgow]]<br />
[[Category:People from Mid Suffolk District]]<br />
[[Category:British expatriate actresses in the United States]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deborah_Kerr&diff=1063583703Deborah Kerr2022-01-03T20:47:15Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1063576658 by Faithbhoy1888 (talk) Yes, she was born in Scotland but Scotland is still part of Britain so anyone born in Scotland is British.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|British film and television actress}}<br />
{{about|the film and television actress |the American business executive|Deborah Lee Kerr|other uses|Deborah Kerr (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=November 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Deborah Kerr<br />
| honorific_suffix = [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]]<br />
| image = Deborah Kerr in colour Allan Warren.jpg<br />
| caption = Kerr in 1973, by [[Allan Warren]]<br />
| birth_name = Deborah Jane Trimmer<ref name="auto">{{cite news| url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/13300950.the-king-and-i-actress-deborah-kerr-is-glasgows-star-and-there-is-a-birth-certificate-to-prove-it/| title=The King and I actress Deborah Kerr is Glasgow's star - and there is a birth certificate to prove it| newspaper=[[Glasgow Times]]| first=Russell| last=Leadbetter| date=20 January 2015| access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref><br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1921|09|30|df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Hillhead]], [[Glasgow]], Scotland<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|2007|10|16|1921|09|30|df=yes}}<br />
| death_place = [[Botesdale]], [[Suffolk]], England<br />
| resting_place = Alfold Cemetery, Alfold, near Guildford, Surrey, England<ref name="Grave">{{Cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/22285687/deborah-kerr|title=Deborah Kerr (1921-2007) - Find A Grave Memorial|website=www.findagrave.com|access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
| occupation = Actress<br />
| known for = ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]''<br />''[[From Here to Eternity]]''<br />''[[An Affair to Remember]]''<br />''[[Tea and Sympathy (film)|Tea and Sympathy]]''<br />''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]''<br />''[[Black Narcissus]]'' <br />''[[The Innocents (1961 film)|The Innocents]]'' <br />''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]''<br />
| years_active = 1937–1986<br />
| children = 2<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Tony Bartley]]|1945|1959|end=div}}<br />{{marriage|[[Peter Viertel]]|1960}}<br />
| relatives = [[Lex Shrapnel]] (grandson)<br />
}}<br />
'''Deborah Jane Trimmer'''<ref name="auto"/> [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (30 September 1921{{spaced ndash}}16 October 2007), known professionally as '''Deborah Kerr''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ɑr}}), was a British actress. She was nominated six times for the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]], and holds the record for most Best Actress Oscar nominations without a win.<br />
<br />
During her international film career, Kerr won a [[Golden Globe Award]] for her performance as [[Anna Leonowens]] in the musical film ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' (1956). Her other films include ''[[The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]]'' (1943), ''[[Black Narcissus]]'' (1947), ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' (1953), ''[[Tea and Sympathy (film)|Tea and Sympathy]]'' (1956), ''[[An Affair to Remember]]'' (1957), ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' (1957), ''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]'' (1958), ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' (1960), ''[[The Innocents (1961 film)|The Innocents]]'' (1961), ''[[The Grass is Greener]]'' (1960), and ''[[The Night of the Iguana (film)|The Night of the Iguana]]'' (1964).<br />
<br />
In 1994, having already received honorary awards from the [[Cannes Film Festival]] and [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA]], Kerr received an [[Academy Honorary Award]] with a citation recognizing her as "an artist of impeccable grace and beauty, a dedicated actress whose motion picture career has always stood for perfection, discipline and elegance".<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7051206.stm |title=British actress Kerr dies at 86 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=18 October 2007 |access-date=10 May 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Deborah Jane Trimmer<ref name="auto"/> was born on 30 September 1921 in [[Hillhead, Glasgow]],<ref name="herald">{{cite web| url=http://www.theherald.co.uk/features/features/display.var.1771494.0.0.php |title=Deborah Kerr profile |access-date=19 October 2007 |newspaper=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]] |location=Glasgow |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021045411/http://theherald.co.uk/features/features/display.var.1771494.0.0.php |archive-date=21 October 2007 }}</ref> the only daughter of Kathleen Rose ([[née]] Smale) and Capt. Arthur Charles Kerr Trimmer, a World War I veteran and pilot who lost a leg at the [[Battle of the Somme]] and later became a [[naval architect]] and civil engineer. Trimmer and Smale married, both aged 28, on 21 August 1919 in Smale's hometown of Lydney, Gloucestershire.<ref name=OUP>{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nbGcAQAAQBAJ&q=Deborah+Kerr| title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2005-2008| last=Goldman| first=Lawrence| date=7 March 2013| publisher=Oxford Univ Press| location=Oxford| isbn=978-0199671540| page=642}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/30/Deborah-Kerr.html |title=Deborah Kerr biography (1921–2007) |access-date=29 October 2007 |website=Filmreference.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
Young Deborah spent the first three years of her life in the west coast town of [[Helensburgh]], where her parents lived with Deborah's grandparents in a house on West King Street. Kerr had a younger brother, Edmund ("Teddy"), who became a journalist. He died, aged 78, in a [[road rage]] incident in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |title='Road rage' killer's appeal win |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_midlands/4861328.stm |work=BBC News |date=30 March 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Killer's term cut |url=http://archive.worcesternews.co.uk/2006/4/5/408116.html |newspaper=[[Worcester News]] |date=5 April 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722210505/http://archive.worcesternews.co.uk/2006/4/5/408116.html |archive-date=22 July 2009}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kerr was educated at the independent Northumberland House School, [[Henleaze]] in Bristol, and at Rossholme School, [[Weston-super-Mare]]. Kerr originally trained as a ballet dancer, first appearing on stage at [[Sadler's Wells Theatre|Sadler's Wells]] in 1938. After changing careers, she soon found success as an actress. Her first acting teacher was her aunt, Phyllis Smale, who worked at a drama school in Bristol run by Lally Cuthbert Hicks.<ref name="Telegraph"/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5212/is_2000/ai_n19128627 |title=Deborah Kerr |year=2000 |work=International Dictionary of Film and Filmmakers |publisher=St. James Press |location=Detroit |first1=Richard |last1=Sater |first2=Robert |last2=Pardi |isbn=978-1558624498 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020185730/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5212/is_2000/ai_n19128627 |archive-date=20 October 2007}}</ref> She adopted the name Deborah Kerr on becoming a film actress ("Kerr" was a family name going back to the maternal grandmother of her grandfather Arthur Kerr Trimmer).<ref name="Deborah">Braun, Eric. ''Deborah Kerr''. St. Martin's Press, 1978. {{ISBN|0-312-18895-1}}.</ref><br />
<br />
== British career ==<br />
{{More citations needed|date=April 2020}}<br />
<br />
===Early theatre and film===<br />
Kerr's first stage appearance was at Weston-super-Mare in 1937, as "Harlequin" in the mime play ''Harlequin and Columbine''. She then went to the Sadler's Wells ballet school and in 1938 made her début in the corps de ballet in ''Prometheus''. After various walk-on parts in [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]] productions at the [[Regent's Park Open Air Theatre|Open Air Theatre]] in [[Regent's Park]], London, she joined the Oxford Playhouse repertory company in 1940, playing, ''inter alia'', "Margaret" in ''Dear Brutus'' and "Patty Moss" in ''The Two Bouquets''.<ref name="Telegraph" /><br />
<br />
Kerr's first film role was in the British production ''[[Contraband (1940 film)|Contraband]]'' (US: ''Blackout'', 1940), aged 18 or 19, but her scenes were cut. She had a strong support role in ''[[Major Barbara (film)|Major Barbara]]'' (1941) directed by [[Gabriel Pascal]].<br />
<br />
===Film stardom===<br />
Kerr became known in Britain playing the lead role in the film of ''[[Love on the Dole (film)|Love on the Dole]]'' (1941). Said critic [[James Agate]] of ''Love on the Dole'', "is not within a mile of [[Wendy Hiller]]'s in the theatre, but it is a charming piece of work by a very pretty and promising beginner, so pretty and so promising that there is the usual yapping about a new star".<ref name="Telegraph"/><br />
<br />
She was the female lead in ''[[Penn of Pennsylvania]]'' (1941) which was little seen; however ''[[Hatter's Castle (film)|Hatter's Castle]]'' (1942), in which she starred with [[Robert Newton]] and [[James Mason]], was very successful. She played a Norwegian resistance fighter in ''[[The Day Will Dawn]]'' (1942). She was an immediate hit with the public: An American film trade paper reported in 1942 that she was the most popular British actress with Americans.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article44833626 |title=FILM NOTES. |newspaper=[[The West Australian]] |location=Perth |date=7 December 1945 |access-date=9 July 2012 |page=13 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kerr played three women in [[Michael Powell]] and [[Emeric Pressburger]]'s ''[[The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]]'' (1943). During the filming, according to Powell's autobiography, Powell and she became lovers:<ref name="Powell">{{cite book |last=Powell |first=Michael |title=A Life in Movies |publisher=Faber |edition=reprint |year=2000 |isbn=978-0571204311}}</ref> "I realised that Deborah was both the ideal and the flesh-and-blood woman whom I had been searching for".<ref name="Powell"/> Kerr made clear that her surname should be pronounced the same as "car". To avoid confusion over pronunciation, [[Louis B. Mayer]], head of [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] billed her as "Kerr rhymes with Star!"<ref name="car">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/19/movies/19kerr.html |title=Deborah Kerr, Actress Known for Genteel Grace and a Sexy Beach Kiss, Dies at 86 |date=19 October 2007 |access-date=20 October 2007 |first=Douglas |last=Martin |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Although the [[British Army]] refused to co-operate with the producers— and [[Winston Churchill]] thought the film would ruin wartime morale — ''Colonel Blimp'' confounded critics when it proved to be an artistic and commercial success.<ref name="Powell"/><br />
<br />
Powell hoped to reunite Kerr and lead actor [[Roger Livesey]] in his next film, ''[[A Canterbury Tale]]'' (1944), but her agent had sold her contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. According to Powell, his affair with Kerr ended when she made it clear to him that she would accept an offer to go to Hollywood if one were made.<ref name="Powell"/><br />
<br />
In 1943, aged 21, Kerr made her West End début as Ellie Dunn in a revival of ''[[Heartbreak House]]'' at the [[Cambridge Theatre]], stealing attention from stalwarts such as [[Edith Evans]] and [[Isabel Jeans]]. "She has the rare gift", wrote critic <!-- Not knighted until 1954. -->[[Beverley Baxter]], "of thinking her lines, not merely remembering them. The process of development from a romantic, silly girl to a hard, disillusioned woman in three hours was moving and convincing".<ref name="Telegraph"/><br />
<br />
Near the end of the Second World War, she also toured Holland, France, and Belgium for [[ENSA]] as Mrs Manningham in ''Gaslight'' (retitled ''Angel Street''), and Britain (with [[Stewart Granger]]).{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}<br />
<br />
[[Alexander Korda]] cast her opposite [[Robert Donat]] in ''[[Perfect Strangers (1945 film)|Perfect Strangers]]'' (1945). The film was a big hit in Britain. So too was the spy comedy drama ''[[I See a Dark Stranger]]'' (1946), in which she gave a breezy, amusing performance that dominated the action and overshadowed her co-star [[Trevor Howard]]. This film was a production of the team of [[Frank Launder]] and [[Sidney Gilliat]].<br />
<br />
Her role as a troubled nun in the Powell and Pressburger production of ''[[Black Narcissus]]'' (1947) brought her to the attention of Hollywood producers. The film was a hit in the US, as well as the UK, and Kerr won the [[New York Film Critics Award]] as Actress of the Year. British exhibitors voted her the eighth-most popular local star at the box-office in 1947.<ref>'Bing's Lucky Number: Pa Crosby Dons 4th B.O. Crown', ''The Washington Post'' 3 January 1948: p. 12.</ref> She relocated to Hollywood and was under contract to MGM.<br />
<br />
==Hollywood==<br />
===Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer===<br />
[[File:Deborah Kerr in Young Bess trailer.jpg|thumb|Kerr in ''[[Young Bess]]'' (1953)]]<br />
Kerr's first film for MGM in Hollywood was a mature satire of the burgeoning advertising industry, ''[[The Hucksters]]'' (1947) with [[Clark Gable]] and [[Ava Gardner]]. She and [[Walter Pidgeon]] were cast in ''[[If Winter Comes]]'' (1947). She received the first of her [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] nominations for ''[[Edward, My Son]]'' (1949), a drama set and filmed in England co-starring [[Spencer Tracy]].<br />
<br />
In Hollywood, Kerr's British accent and manner led to a succession of roles portraying refined, reserved, and "proper" English ladies. Kerr, nevertheless, used any opportunity to discard her cool exterior. She had the lead in a comedy ''[[Please Believe Me]]'' (1950).<br />
<br />
Kerr appeared in two huge hits for MGM in a row. ''[[King Solomon's Mines (1950 film)|King Solomon's Mines]]'' (1950) was shot on location in Africa with [[Stewart Granger]] and [[Richard Carlson (actor)|Richard Carlson]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Thomas F Brady |newspaper=The New York Times |date=23 July 1949 |title=Deborah Kerr Gets Metro Movie Lead|id={{ProQuest|105803181}} }}</ref> This was immediately followed by her appearance in the religious epic ''[[Quo Vadis (1951 film)|Quo Vadis]]'' (1951), shot at [[Cinecittà]] in Rome, in which she played the indomitable Lygia, a first-century Christian.<br />
<br />
She then played Princess Flavia in a remake of ''[[The Prisoner of Zenda (1952 film)|The Prisoner of Zenda]]'' (1952) with Granger and Mason. In between Paramount borrowed her to appear in ''[[Thunder in the East (1951 film)|Thunder in the East]]'' (1951) with [[Alan Ladd]].<br />
<br />
In 1953, Kerr "showed her theatrical mettle" as Portia in [[Joseph Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[Julius Caesar (1953 film)|Julius Caesar]]''.<ref name="Telegraph"/> She made ''[[Young Bess]]'' (1953) with Granger and Jean Simmons, then appeared alongside [[Cary Grant]] in ''[[Dream Wife]]'' (1953), a flop comedy.<br />
<br />
===''From Here to Eternity'' and Broadway===<br />
Kerr departed from typecasting with a performance that brought out her sensuality, as "Karen Holmes", the embittered military wife in [[Fred Zinnemann]]'s ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' (1953), for which she received an Oscar nomination for [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]. The [[American Film Institute]] acknowledged the iconic status of the scene from that film in which [[Burt Lancaster]] and she romped illicitly and passionately amidst crashing waves on a Hawaiian beach. The organisation ranked it 20th in its [[AFI's 100 Years…100 Passions|list of the 100 most romantic films of all time]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.afi.com/100Years/passions.aspx| title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions| website=American Film Institute| access-date=15 February 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Having established herself as a film actress in the meantime, she made her Broadway debut in 1953, appearing in [[Robert Anderson (playwright)|Robert Anderson]]'s ''[[Tea and Sympathy (play)|Tea and Sympathy]]'', for which she received a [[Tony Award]] nomination. Kerr performed the same role in [[Vincente Minnelli]]'s film adaptation [[Tea and Sympathy (film)|released in 1956]]; her stage partner [[John Kerr (actor)|John Kerr]] (no relation) also appeared. In 1955, Kerr won the [[Sarah Siddons Award]] for her performance in Chicago during a national tour of the play. After her Broadway début in 1953, she toured the United States with ''Tea and Sympathy''.<br />
<br />
===Peak years of stardom===<br />
[[File:Deborah Kerr in An Affair to Remember trailer.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Kerr in ''[[An Affair to Remember]]'' (1957)]]<br />
[[File:Robert Mitchum Deborah Kerr Heaven Knows Mr. Allison 1957 (cropped).jpg|thumb|alt=Black and white photo of Robert Mitchum holding a gun standing next to Deborah Kerr in the movie Heaven Knows Mr. Allison in 1957|right|With [[Robert Mitchum]] in ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' (1957)]]<br />
Thereafter, Kerr's career choices would make her known in Hollywood for her versatility as an actress.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="car"/> She played the repressed wife in ''[[The End of the Affair (1955 film)|The End of the Affair]]'' (1955), shot in England with [[Van Johnson]]. She was a widow in love with [[William Holden]] in ''[[The Proud and Profane]]'' (1956), directed by [[George Seaton]]. Neither film was much of a hit. However Kerr then played [[Anna Leonowens]] in the film version of the [[Richard Rodgers|Rodgers]] and [[Oscar Hammerstein II|Hammerstein]] musical ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' (1956); with [[Yul Brynner]] in the lead, it was a huge hit. [[Marni Nixon]] dubbed Kerr's singing voice.<br />
<br />
She played a nun in ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' (1957) opposite her long-time friend [[Robert Mitchum]], directed by [[John Huston]]. It was very popular as was ''[[An Affair to Remember]]'' (1957) opposite [[Cary Grant]].<br />
<br />
Kerr starred in two films with [[David Niven]]: ''[[Bonjour Tristesse (film)|Bonjour Tristesse]]'' (1958), directed by [[Otto Preminger]], and ''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]'' (1958), directed by [[Delbert Mann]]; the latter movie was particularly well received.<br />
<br />
She made two films at MGM: ''[[The Journey (1959 film)|The Journey]]'' (1959) reunited her with Brynner; ''[[Count Your Blessings (1959 film)|Count Your Blessings]]'' (1959), was a comedy. Both flopped, as did ''[[Beloved Infidel]]'' (1959) with [[Gregory Peck]].<br />
<br />
==Later Films==<br />
[[File:Deborah Kerr 4.jpg|thumb|Kerr in ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' (1960)]]<br />
Kerr was reunited with Mitchum in ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' (1960) shot in Australia, then ''[[The Grass Is Greener]]'' (1960), co-starring [[Cary Grant]]. She appeared in [[Gary Cooper]]'s last film ''[[The Naked Edge]]'' (1961) and starred in ''[[The Innocents (1961 film)|The Innocents]]'' (1961) where she plays a governess tormented by apparitions.<br />
<br />
Kerr made her British TV debut in "Three Roads to Rome" (1963). She was another governess in ''[[The Chalk Garden (film)|The Chalk Garden]]'' (1964) and worked with John Huston again in ''[[The Night of the Iguana (film)|The Night of the Iguana]]'' (1964).<br />
<br />
She joined [[Dean Martin]] and [[Frank Sinatra]] in a love triangle for a romantic comedy, ''[[Marriage on the Rocks]]'' (1965).<br />
<br />
In 1965, the producers of ''[[Carry On Screaming!]]'' offered her a fee comparable to that paid to the rest of the cast combined, but she turned it down in favour of appearing in an aborted stage version of ''[[Flowers for Algernon]]''. She replaced [[Kim Novak]] in ''[[Eye of the Devil]]'' (1966) with Niven, and was reteamed with Niven in the comedy ''[[Casino Royale (1967 film)|Casino Royale]]'' (1967), achieving the distinction of being, at 45, the oldest "[[Bond Girl]]" in any [[James Bond]] film, until [[Monica Bellucci]], at the age of 50, in ''[[Spectre (2015 film)|Spectre]]'' (2015). ''Casino Royal'' was a hit as was another movie she made with Niven, ''[[Prudence and the Pill]]'' (1968).<br />
<br />
Pressure of competition from younger, upcoming actresses made her agree to appear nude in [[John Frankenheimer]]'s ''[[The Gypsy Moths]]'' (1969), the only nude scene in her career. She made ''[[The Arrangement (film)|The Arrangement]]'' (1969) with [[Elia Kazan]], her director from the stage production of ''Tea and Sympathy''. She returned to the cinema one more time in 1985's ''[[The Assam Garden]].<br />
<br />
==Theatre==<br />
Concern about the parts being offered to her, as well as the increasing amount of nudity included in films, led her to abandon the medium at the end of the 1960s, with one exception in 1985, in favour of television and theatre work.<ref name="Deborah"/><br />
<br />
Kerr returned to the London stage in many productions including the old-fashioned, ''The Day After the Fair'' (Lyric, 1972), a [[Peter Ustinov]] comedy, ''Overheard'' (Haymarket, 1981) and a revival of [[Emlyn Williams]]'s ''The Corn is Green''.<ref name="Telegraph"/> After her first London success in 1943, she toured England and Scotland in ''Heartbreak House''.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}<br />
<br />
In 1975, she returned to Broadway, creating the role of Nancy in [[Edward Albee]]'s [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning play ''[[Seascape (play)|Seascape]]''.<br />
<br />
In 1977, she came back to the West End, playing the title role in a production of [[George Bernard Shaw]]'s ''[[Candida (play)|Candida]]''.<br />
<br />
The theatre, despite her success in films, was always to remain Kerr's first love, even though going on stage filled her with trepidation:<br />
{{blockquote|I do it because it's exactly like dressing up for the grown ups. I don't mean to belittle acting but I'm like a child when I'm out there performing—shocking the grownups, enchanting them, making them laugh or cry. It's an unbelievable terror, a kind of masochistic madness. The older you get, the easier it should be but it isn't.<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1566509/Deborah-Kerr.html |title=Obituaries: Deborah Kerr |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=19 October 2007 |access-date=20 June 2020 |location=London}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
==Television==<br />
Kerr experienced a career resurgence on television in the early 1980s when she played the role of the nurse (played by [[Elsa Lanchester]] in the 1957 film of the same name) in ''[[Witness for the Prosecution (1982 film)|Witness for the Prosecution]]'', with Sir [[Ralph Richardson]]. She also did ''A Song at Twilight'' (1982).<br />
<br />
She took on the role of the older Emma Harte, a [[tycoon]], in the adaptation of [[Barbara Taylor Bradford]]'s ''[[A Woman of Substance (miniseries)|A Woman of Substance]]'' (1984). For this performance, Kerr was nominated for an [[Emmy Award]].<br />
<br />
Kerr rejoined old screen partner Mitchum in ''[[Reunion at Fairborough]]'' (1985). Other TV roles included ''Ann and Debbie'' (1986) and ''[[Hold the Dream]]'' (1986), the latter a sequel to ''A Woman of Substance''.<br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Kerr's first marriage was to [[Squadron Leader]] [[Tony Bartley|Anthony Bartley]] [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] on 29 November 1945. They had two daughters, Melanie Jane (born 27 December 1947) and Francesca Ann (born 18 December 1951, and subsequently married to the actor [[John Shrapnel]]). The marriage was troubled, owing to Bartley's jealousy of his wife's fame and financial success,<ref name="Deborah"/> and because her career often took her away from home. They divorced in 1959.<br />
<br />
Her second marriage was to author [[Peter Viertel]] on 23 July 1960. In marrying Viertel, she became stepmother to Viertel's daughter, Christine Viertel. Although she long resided in [[Klosters]], Switzerland and [[Marbella]], Spain, Kerr moved back to Britain to be closer to her own children as her health began to deteriorate. Her husband, however, continued to live in Marbella.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/actress-deborah-kerr-dies-at-86/| title=Actress Deborah Kerr Dies at 86| date=18 October 2007| work=[[CBS News]]| access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Stewart Granger]] claimed in his autobiography that in 1945 she had approached him romantically in the back of his chauffeur-driven car at the time he was making ''Caesar and Cleopatra''.<ref>{{cite book| last=Granger| first=Stewart| title=Sparks Fly Upward| publisher=Harper Collins| year=1981| pages=88–91| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGpZAAAAMAAJ&q=Deborah+Kerr| isbn=978-0399126741}}</ref> Although at the time he was married to [[Elspeth March]], he states that he and Kerr went on to have an affair.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leninimports.com/stewart_granger.html#partone |title=Stewart Granger |access-date=19 November 2007 |website=Lenin Imports}}</ref> When asked about this revelation, Kerr's response was, "What a gallant man he is!"<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-stewart-granger-1461853.html|title=Obituary: Stewart Granger| last=Vallance |first=Tom |date=17 August 1993 |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |location=London}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
[[File:The grave of Deborah Kerr, Alfold churchyard in Surrey.png|thumb|The grave of Deborah Kerr, Alfold churchyard in Surrey]]<br />
Kerr died aged 86 on 16 October 2007 at [[Botesdale]], a village in the county of [[Suffolk]], England, from the effects of [[Parkinson's disease]].<ref name="ClarkM-USAT-obit">Clark, Mike (18 October 2007). [https://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-10-18-kerr-obit_n.htm "Actress Deborah Kerr dies at age 86"]. ''[[USA Today]]''.</ref><ref name="CNN-obit">[http://www.cnn.com/2007/SHOWBIZ/Movies/10/18/obit.kerr.ap/index.html "''From Here to Eternity'' actress Kerr dies."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830053325/http://www.cnn.com/2007/SHOWBIZ/Movies/10/18/obit.kerr.ap/index.html |date=30 August 2008 }} ''[[CNN]]''. 18 October 2007</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Actress Deborah Kerr has died |newspaper=[[Detroit Free Press]] |url=http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071018/NEWS07/71018026/0/COL14 |date=18 October 2007 |access-date=18 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020135708/http://freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20071018%2FNEWS07%2F71018026%2F0%2FCOL14 |archive-date=20 October 2007 |url-status=dead |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> She is buried in a family plot at Alfold Cemetery, [[Alfold]], Surrey.<ref name="Grave" /><br />
<br />
Within three weeks after her death, her husband Peter Viertel died of cancer on 4 November.<ref>{{cite news| title=Peter Viertel, 86, Writer| url=https://variety.com/2007/scene/markets-festivals/peter-viertel-86-writer-1117975519/| date=7 November 2007| newspaper=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]| access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> At the time of Viertel's death, director Michael Scheingraber was filming the documentary ''Peter Viertel: Between the Lines'', which includes reminiscences concerning Kerr and the Academy Awards.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.peterviertel.com/between_the_lines.html |title=Between The Lines A film by Michael Scheingraber |publisher=eeweems.com |access-date=10 May 2010}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Work ==<br />
=== Film ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Director !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| 1940 || ''[[Contraband (1940 film)|Contraband]]'' || Cigarette Girl || [[Michael Powell]] || scenes deleted<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1941 || ''[[Major Barbara (film)|Major Barbara]]'' || Jenny Hill || [[Gabriel Pascal]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Love on the Dole (film)|Love on the Dole]]'' || Sally Hardcastle || [[John Baxter (director)|John Baxter]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"| 1942 || ''[[Penn of Pennsylvania]]'' || Gulielma Maria Springett || rowspan=2|[[Lance Comfort]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Hatter's Castle (film)|Hatter's Castle]]'' || Mary Brodie|| <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Day Will Dawn]]'' || Kari Alstad || [[Harold French]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''A Battle for a Bottle'' || Linda (voice)|| || animated short <br />
|-<br />
| 1943 || ''[[The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]]'' || Edith Hunter<br />Barbara Wynne<br />Johnny Cannon || [[Powell and Pressburger]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1945 || ''[[Perfect Strangers (1945 film)|Perfect Strangers]]'' || Catherine Wilson || [[Alexander Korda]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1946 || ''[[I See a Dark Stranger]]'' || Bridie Quilty || [[Frank Launder]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"| 1947 || ''[[Black Narcissus]]'' || Sister Clodagh || [[Powell and Pressburger]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Hucksters]]'' || Kay Dorrance || [[Jack Conway (filmmaker)|Jack Conway]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[If Winter Comes]]'' || Nona Tybar || [[Victor Saville]] || <br />
|-<br />
| 1949 || ''[[Edward, My Son]]'' || Evelyn Boult || [[George Cukor]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1950 || ''[[Please Believe Me]]'' || Alison Kirbe || [[Norman Taurog]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[King Solomon's Mines (1950 film)|King Solomon's Mines]]'' || Elizabeth Curtis || [[Compton Bennett]] <br/> [[Andrew Marton]] ||<br />
|-.<br />
| 1951 || ''[[Quo Vadis (1951 film)|Quo Vadis]]'' || Lygia || [[Mervyn LeRoy]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1952 || ''[[Thunder in the East (1952 film)|Thunder in the East]]'' || Joan Willoughby || [[Charles Vidor]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Prisoner of Zenda (1952 film)|The Prisoner of Zenda]]'' || Princess Flavia || [[Richard Thorpe]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"| 1953 || ''[[Julius Caesar (1953 film)|Julius Caesar]]'' || [[Porcia (wife of Brutus)|Portia]] || [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Young Bess]]'' || [[Catherine Parr]] || [[George Sidney]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Dream Wife]]'' || Effie || [[Sidney Sheldon]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' || Karen Holmes || [[Fred Zinnemann]] || <br />
|-<br />
| 1955 || ''[[The End of the Affair (1955 film)|The End of the Affair]]'' || Sarah Miles || [[Edward Dmytryk]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"| 1956 || ''[[The Proud and Profane]]'' || Lee Ashley || [[George Seaton]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' || [[Anna Leonowens]] || [[Walter Lang]] || singing dubbed by [[Marni Nixon]] <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Tea and Sympathy (film)|Tea and Sympathy]]'' || Laura Reynolds || [[Vincent Minnelli]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1957 || ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' || Sister Angela || [[John Huston]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[An Affair to Remember]]'' || Terry McKay || [[Leo McCarey]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1958 || ''[[Bonjour Tristesse (film)|Bonjour Tristesse]]'' || Anne Larson || [[Otto Preminger]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]'' || Sibyl Railton-Bell || [[Delbert Mann]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"| 1959 || ''[[The Journey (1959 film)|The Journey]]'' || Diana Ashmore || [[Anatole Litvak]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Count Your Blessings (1959 film)|Count Your Blessings]]'' || Grace Allingham || [[Jean Negulesco]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Beloved Infidel]]'' || [[Sheilah Graham]] || [[Henry King (director)|Henry King]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1960 || ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' || Ida Carmody || [[Fred Zinnemann]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Grass Is Greener]]'' || Lady Hilary Rhyall || [[Stanley Donen]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1961 || ''[[The Naked Edge]]'' || Martha Radcliffe || [[Michael Anderson (director)|Michael Anderson]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Innocents (1961 film)|The Innocents]]'' || Miss Giddens || [[Jack Clayton]] || <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1964 || ''[[The Chalk Garden (film)|The Chalk Garden]]'' || Miss Madrigal || [[Ronald Neame]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Night of the Iguana (film)|The Night of the Iguana]]'' || Hannah Jelkes || [[John Huston]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1965 || ''[[Marriage on the Rocks]]'' || Valerie Edwards || [[Jack Donohue (director)|John Donohue]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1966 || ''[[Eye of the Devil]]'' || Catherine de Montfaucon || [[J. Lee Thompson]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 1967 || ''[[Casino Royale (1967 film)|Casino Royale]]'' || Agent Mimi/Lady Fiona || [[John Huston]]<br>[[Val Guest]]<ref>{{cite magazine| url=http://www.007magazine.co.uk/casino_royale-50.htm|title= Casino Royale is too much for one James Bond| magazine=007 Magazine| date=July 2017| issue=40}}</ref> || <br />
|-<br />
| 1968 || ''[[Prudence and the Pill]]'' || Prudence Hardcastle || [[Fielder Cook]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"| 1969 || ''[[The Gypsy Moths]]'' || Elizabeth Brandon || [[John Frankenheimer]] || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[The Arrangement (1969 film)|The Arrangement]]'' || Florence Anderson || [[Elia Kazan]] || <br />
|-<br />
|1985 || ''[[The Assam Garden]]'' || Helen Graham || Mary McMurray ||<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
|1963 || ''[[ITV Play of the Week]]'' || Moira || Episode: Three Roads to Rome <br />
|-<br />
| 1982 || ''[[BBC2 Playhouse]]'' || Carlotta Gray || Episode: ''A Song at Twilight''<br />
|-<br />
|1982 || ''[[Witness for the Prosecution (1982 film)|Witness for the Prosecution]]'' || Nurse Plimsoll || Television movie <br />
|-<br />
| 1984 || ''[[A Woman of Substance (miniseries)|A Woman of Substance]]'' || Emma Harte || Miniseries<br />
|-<br />
|1985 || ''[[Reunion at Fairborough]]'' || Sally Wells Grant || Television movie<br />
|-<br />
|1986 || ''Annie and Debbie'' || Ann || Television movie<br />
|-<br />
| 1986 || ''[[Hold the Dream]]'' || Emma Harte || Miniseries <br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Theatre ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Venue <br />
|-<br />
|1943 || ''[[Heartbreak House]]'' || Ellie Dunn || [[Cambridge Theatre]], London<br />
|-<br />
|1953 || ''[[Tea and Sympathy (play)|Tea and Sympathy]]'' || Laura Reynolds || [[Ethel Barrymore Theatre]], New York City<br />
|-<br />
|1972 || ''The Day After the Fair'' || Edith || [[Lyric Theatre, London|Lyric Theatre]], London<br />
|-<br />
|1975 || ''[[Seascape (play)|Seascape]]'' || Nancy || [[Shubert Theatre (New York City)|Shubert Theatre]], New York City<br />
|-<br />
|1977 || ''[[Long Day's Journey into Night]]'' || Mary Tyrone || [[Ahmanson Theatre]], Los Angeles<br />
|-<br />
|1977 || ''[[Candida (play)|Candida]]'' || Candida || [[Noël Coward Theatre|Albery Theatre]], London<br />
|-<br />
|1978 || ''[[The Last of Mrs. Cheyney (play)|The Last of Mrs. Cheyney]]'' || Mrs. Cheyney || Eisenhower Theatre, [[Kennedy Center]], Washington DC<br />
|-<br />
|1981 || ''Overheard'' || || [[Theatre Royal Haymarket]], London<br />
|-<br />
|1985 || ''[[The Corn is Green]]'' || Miss Moffat || [[The Old Vic]], London<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Radio ===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year !! Program !! Episode/Source<br />
|-<br />
| 1944|| ''A Date with Nurse Dugdale'' || BBC Home Service, 19 May 1944. <br/>Guest star role in the penultimate episode.<br />
|-<br />
| 1952|| ''[[Lux Radio Theatre]]'' || ''[[King Solomon's Mines (1950 film)|King Solomon's Mines]]''<ref>{{cite news| last1=Kirby| first1=Walter| title=Better Radio Programs for the Week| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2613711/the_decatur_daily_review/| newspaper=The Decatur Daily Review| date=30 November 1952| page=48| via=[[Newspapers.com]]| access-date=14 June 2015}} {{Open access}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1952|| ''[[Hallmark Playhouse]]'' || ''The Pleasant Lea''<ref>{{cite news| last1=Kirby| first1=Walter| title=Better Radio Programs for the Week| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2477300/the_decatur_daily_review/| newspaper=The Decatur Daily Review| date=9 March 1952| page=42| via=Newspapers.com| access-date=23 May 2015}} {{Open access}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1952|| ''Hollywood Sound Stage'' || ''[[Michael and Mary]]''<ref name="Better Radio Programs for the Week">{{cite news| last1=Kirby| first1=Walter| title=Better Radio Programs for the Week| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2470060/the_decatur_daily_review/| newspaper=The Decatur Daily Review| date=16 March 1952| page=44| via=Newspapers.com| access-date=23 May 2015}} {{Open access}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1952|| ''[[Suspense (radio drama)|Suspense]]'' || ''The Colonel's Lady''<ref>{{cite news| last1=Kirby| first1=Walter| title=Better Radio Programs for the Week| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2448157/the_decatur_daily_review/| newspaper=The Decatur Daily Review| date=30 March 1952| page=46| via=Newspapers.com| access-date=18 May 2015}} {{Open access}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 1952|| ''[[Hollywood Star Playhouse]]'' || ''Companion Wanted''<ref name="Better Radio Programs for the Week"/><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Awards and nominations ==<br />
<br />
'''[[Academy Awards]]'''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="5" style="font-size: 95%"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"|Year<br />
! width="35%"|Category<br />
! width="35%"|Work<br />
! width="10%"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[22nd Academy Awards|1950]] || rowspan="6"|[[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || ''[[Edward, My Son]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[26th Academy Awards|1954]] || ''[[From Here to Eternity]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[29th Academy Awards|1957]] || ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[30th Academy Awards|1958]] || ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[31st Academy Awards|1959]] || ''[[Separate Tables (film)|Separate Tables]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[33rd Academy Awards|1961]] || ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[66th Academy Awards|1994]] || [[Academy Honorary Award|Honorary Oscar]] || -- || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
She is tied with [[Thelma Ritter]] and [[Amy Adams]] as the actresses with the second most nominations without winning, surpassed only by [[Glenn Close]], who has been nominated eight times without winning.<br />
<br />
'''[[British Academy Film Awards]]'''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="5" style="font-size: 95%"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"|Year<br />
! width="35%"|Category<br />
! width="35%"|Work<br />
! width="10%"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[9th British Academy Film Awards|1956]] || rowspan="4"| [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|Best British Actress]] ||''[[The End of the Affair (1955 film)|The End of the Affair]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[11th British Academy Film Awards|1958]] || ''[[Tea and Sympathy (film)|Tea and Sympathy]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[15th British Academy Film Awards|1962]] || ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[18th British Academy Film Awards|1965]] || ''[[The Chalk Garden (film)|The Chalk Garden]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[44th British Academy Film Awards|1991]] || Special Award || -- || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''[[Primetime Emmy Awards]]'''<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="5" style="font-size: 95%"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"|Year<br />
! width="35%"|Category<br />
! width="35%"|Work<br />
! width="10%"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[37th Primetime Emmy Awards|1985]] || [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie|Outstanding Supporting Actress - Limited Series]] || ''[[A Woman of Substance (miniseries)|A Woman of Substance]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''[[Golden Globe Awards]]'''<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="5" style="font-size: 95%"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"|Year<br />
! width="35%"|Category<br />
! width="35%"|Work<br />
! width="10%"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[7th Golden Globe Awards|1950]] || [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama|Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama]] || ''[[Edward, My Son]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[14th Golden Globe Awards|1957]] || [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy|Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy]] || ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[15th Golden Globe Awards|1958]] || [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama|Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama]] || ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| [[16th Golden Globe Awards|1959]] || [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama|Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama]] || ''[[Separate Tables]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
| Henrietta Award (World Film Favorite) || -- || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''[[New York Film Critics Circle|NYFCC Awards]]'''<br />
{| class="wikitable" width="75%" cellpadding="5" style="font-size: 95%"<br />
|-<br />
! width="10%"|Year<br />
! width="35%"|Category<br />
! width="35%"|Work<br />
! width="10%"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[1946 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|1946]] || rowspan="5"| [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] || ''[[The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]]'', ''[[Love on the Dole]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[1947 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|1947]] || ''[[Black Narcissus]]'', ''[[I See a Dark Stranger]]'' || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[1956 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|1956]] || ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'', ''[[Tea and Sympathy (film)|Tea and Sympathy]]'' || {{nominated}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[1957 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|1957]] || ''[[Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison]]'' || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:center;"| [[1960 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|1960]] || ''[[The Sundowners (1960 film)|The Sundowners]]'' || {{won}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Honours ==<br />
[[File:Deborah Kerr Star HWF.JPG|thumb|right|Kerr's star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] at 1709 Vine Street]]<br />
<br />
Kerr was made a Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) in 1998, but was unable to accept the honour in person because of ill health.<ref>{{cite news |first=Brian |last=Baxter |title=Deborah Kerr |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2007/oct/18/obituaries.news |format=obituary |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=18 October 2007 |access-date=20 June 2020 |location=London}}</ref> She was also honoured in Hollywood, where she received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] at 1709 Vine Street for her contributions to the motion picture industry.<br />
<br />
Although nominated six times as Best Actress, Kerr never won a competitive Oscar. In 1994, [[Glenn Close]] presented Kerr with the [[Honorary Oscar]] for lifetime achievement with a citation recognising her as "an artist of impeccable grace and beauty, a dedicated actress whose motion picture career has always stood for perfection, discipline and elegance".<ref>{{cite news| url=https://observer.com/2018/02/biggest-snubs-in-academy-awards-history-glenn-close-alfred-hitchcock/| title=Biggest Snubs in Academy Awards History| last=White| first=Jim| date=2 February 2018 |work=[[Observer Media|Observer]]|location=New York|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kerr won a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress&nbsp;– Motion Picture Musical or Comedy|Golden Globe Award for "Best Actress&nbsp;– Motion Picture Musical or Comedy"]] for ''The King and I'' in 1957 and a Henrietta Award for "World Film Favorite&nbsp;– Female". She was the first performer to win the [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress|New York Film Critics Circle Award for "Best Actress"]] three times (1947, 1957 and 1960).<br />
<br />
Although she never won a [[BAFTA]] or [[Cannes Film Festival]] award in a competitive category, both organisations gave Kerr honorary awards: a Cannes Film Festival Tribute in 1984<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ina.fr/archivespourtous/index.php?vue=notice&id_notice=CPB93005735 |title=Pierre Tchernia présentateur du palmares du festival de Cannes |access-date=20 June 2020 |date=23 May 1984 |trans-title=Pierre Tchernia, presenter of the Cannes Festival palmares |publisher=Festival International de Cannes |language=fr}}</ref> and a BAFTA Special Award in 1991.<ref name="Telegraph" /><br />
<br />
In September and October 2010, Josephine Botting of the [[British Film Institute]] curated the "Deborah Kerr Season", which included around twenty of her feature films and an exhibition of posters, memorabilia and personal items loaned by her family.<br />
<br />
In September 2021, Kerr's grandsons, Joe and [[Lex Shrapnel]], unveiled a memorial plaque at the former family home in [[Weston-super-Mare]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pickstock |first1=Heather |title=Hollywood actress Deborah Kerr recognised in home town of Weston-super-Mare |url=https://www.somersetlive.co.uk/news/somerset-news/hollywood-actress-deborah-kerr-recognised-5862536 |website=Somerset Live |access-date=5 September 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 30 September 2021, on what would have been Kerr's one hundredth birthday, the [[Lord Provost]] of Glasgow, [[Philip Braat]], unveiled a memorial plaque in Ruskin Terrace, on the site of the nursing home where Kerr was born.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Anderson |first1=Deborah |title=Glasgow roots of Hollywood star celebrated as plaque is unveiled |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19617170.glasgow-roots-hollywood-star-celebrated-plaque-unveiled/ |access-date=1 October 2021 |work=The Herald |date=1 October 2021 |page=3}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* Braun, Eric. ''Deborah Kerr''. St. Martin's Press, 1978. {{ISBN|0-312-18895-1}}.<br />
* Capua, Michelangelo. ''Deborah Kerr. A Biography''. McFarland, 2010. {{ISBN|978-0-7864-5882-0}}.<br />
* Street, Sarah. ''Deborah Kerr''. British Film Institute, 2018. {{ISBN|978-1844576753}}.<br />
* Powell, Michael. ''A Life in Movies''. Heinemann, 1986. {{ISBN|0-434-59945-X}}.<br />
* Andrew, Penelope. "Deborah Kerr: An Actress in Search of an Author". ''Bright Lights Film Journal'', May 2011, Issue #72. [http://www.brightlightsfilm.com/72/72kerr_andrew.php Deborah Kerr: An Actress in Search of an Author], (c) Penelope Andrew, 2011.<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
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* {{IBDB name}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|0000039}}<br />
* {{Tcmdb name}}<br />
* {{Screenonline name|455213}}<br />
* [http://www.deborahkerr.weebly.com Deborah Kerr "Rhymes with Star" tribute site]<br />
* [http://www.helensburghheroes.com/heroes/deborah_kerr Deborah Kerr] at Helensburgh Heroes.<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080926023358/http://www.cinemagraphe.com/enigma-deborah-kerr.php The Enigma of Deborah Kerr], ephemera, media files and essay at cinemagraphe.com.<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080611114714/http://sydneyfilmfestival.org/films.asp?sID=4&id=71 "From Kerr To Eternity"], 55th Sydney Film Festival Deborah Kerr retrospective (2008).<br />
* [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-russnow/deborah-kerr-rhymes-with_b_95546.html Deborah Kerr Rhymes With Star, and What a Star She Was: She Deserves to be Remembered, Too], ''[[Huffington Post]]'', 7 April 2008.<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080417100010/http://www.pedroalmodovar.es/PAB_EN_01TAbrazosRotos.asp Deborah Kerr tribute] by Spanish director Pedro Almodóvar, whose script for his film ''[[Broken Embraces]]'' was influenced by his reflections on her at the time of her death.<br />
* [http://www.deborahkerr.es Extensive collection of press articles from the 1940s to 2000s, photo galleries and other information] at deborahkerr.es (April 2009).<br />
* [http://film.virtual-history.com/person.php?personid=1615 Photographs and literature] at virtual-history.com.<br />
<br />
{{Navboxes<br />
|title = Awards for Deborah Kerr<br />
|list =<br />
{{Academy Honorary Award}}<br />
{{British Film Institute Fellowship}}<br />
{{David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actress}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureMusicalComedy 1950-1960}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kerr, Deborah}}<br />
[[Category:1921 births]]<br />
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[[Category:20th-century Scottish actresses]]<br />
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[[Category:BAFTA winners (people)]]<br />
[[Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
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[[Category:Neurological disease deaths in England]]<br />
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[[Category:British expatriate actresses in the United States]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Mirren&diff=1062784718Helen Mirren2021-12-30T14:24:48Z<p>SteveCrook: READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR and it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|English actor}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Dame]]<br />
| name = Helen Mirren<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}}<br />
| image = Helen Mirren-2208 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Mirren in 2020<br />
| alt = Mirren at the 2020 Berlin International Film Festival<br />
| birth_name = Helen Lydia Mironoff<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1945|7|26}}<br />
| birth_place = [[London]], England<!--No boroughs/neighbourhoods, just cities per format.--><br />
| occupation = Actor<!-- READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR and it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --><br />
| years_active = 1966–present<br />
| notable_works = [[Helen Mirren on screen and stage|Acting credits]]<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Taylor Hackford]]|31 December 1997}}<br />
| relatives = [[Tania Mallet]] (cousin)<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Full list]]<br />
| website = {{url|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dame Helen Lydia Mirren''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} ({{nee|'''Mironoff'''}}; born 26 July 1945) is an English<!--as per [[MOS:BIO]]; became notable as English and not British-American--> actor<!--PLEASE READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men (see article history) -->. The recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|numerous accolades]], she is the only person to achieve the [[Triple Crown of Acting]] in both the US and the UK, winning an [[Academy Award]] and a [[British Academy Film Award]] for her portrayal of [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'', a [[Tony Award]] and a [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for the same role in ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]'', three [[British Academy Television Awards]] for her performance as DCI Jane Tennison in ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', and four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]], including two for ''Prime Suspect''.<br />
<br />
Excelling on stage with the [[National Youth Theatre]], Mirren's performance as [[Cleopatra]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' in 1965 saw her invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] before she made her [[West End theatre|West End]] stage debut in 1975. Since then, Mirren has also had success in television and film. Aside from her Academy Award-winning performance, Mirren's other Oscar-nominated performances were for ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001), and ''[[The Last Station]]'' (2009). For her role on ''Prime Suspect'', which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] (1992, 1993 and 1994), a joint-record of consecutive wins shared with [[Julie Walters]], and two [[Primetime Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/helen-mirren |title=Helen Mirren |website=[[Emmy Award]] |access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> Playing [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), and [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in the film ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), she is the only actor to have portrayed both the ''regnant'' Elizabeths on screen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Helen Mirren, at 75, remains the queen of acting |url=https://www.dw.com/en/why-helen-mirren-at-75-remains-the-queen-of-acting/a-52429296 |access-date=20 October 2020 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle|DW]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
After her breakthrough film role in ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980), other notable film roles included ''[[Cal (1984 film)|Cal]]'' (1984), for which she won the [[Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress]], ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover]]'' (1989), ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003), ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'' (2012), ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' (2014), ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'' (2015), ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'' (2015), and ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' (2017). She also appeared in the action films ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'' (2010) and ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]'' (2013) playing an ex-[[MI6]] assassin, and in the ''[[Fast & Furious]]'' films ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'' (2017), ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]'' (2019), and ''[[F9 (film)|F9]]'' (2021).<br />
<br />
In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref name="Damehood">{{London Gazette|issue=56963|supp=y|page=7 |date=14 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Ceremony">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |title=Dame Helen centre stage at palace |date=5 December 2003 |website=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725070213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |archive-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> In 2013 she was awarded a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]],<ref name="Walk of fame">{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |title=Helen Mirren Gets Hollywood Walk of Fame Star |date=4 January 2013 |website=[[Sky News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116224406/http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> and in 2014 she received the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]].<ref name="bafta.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/helen-mirren-fellowship-2014,4076,BA.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren&nbsp;– BAFTA Fellow in 2014 |date=26 January 2014 |website=BAFTA |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> In 2021, she was announced as the recipient of the [[Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grater |first1=Tom |title=Helen Mirren To Receive SAG Life Achievement Award |url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/helen-mirren-sag-life-achievement-award-1234876685/ |website=Deadline |access-date=November 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life and education==<br />
<!-- Although it is common to have an 'a' at the end of a woman's patronymic, when Russian families moved to the UK, they often "froze" their surnames and didn't follow the old patronymic rules any more. The same applies to other nationalities like Icelandic and those from Nordic countries. Had she been born in Russia, Helen Mirren likely would have been named Yelena or Ilyena Vasilyeva Mironova. But she was born in the UK and was named Helen Lydia Mironoff --><br />
Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff at [[Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital]] in the [[Hammersmith]] district of [[London]]<ref name=birth>{{Cite web |url=http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=bmd%2fb%2f1945%2f3%2faz%2f000858%2f014 |title=England & Wales births 1837–2006 Transcription |website=[[Findmypast]] |access-date=6 June 2016 |quote=Her birth was registered in the Hammersmith registration district |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |title='Whenever I see the Queen, I think, "Oh ... there I am"': The right royal progress of Helen Mirren |first=Neil |last=Norman |date=10 March 2013 |newspaper=The Independent |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> on 26 July 1945,<ref name="biography.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/helen-mirren-547434 |title=Helen Mirren Biography: Actress (1945–) |website=[[Biography.com]] |publisher=[[FYI (TV network)|FYI]]/[[A&E Networks]] |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=ker>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002fa_fact1 |title=Command Performance: The reign of Helen Mirren |last=Lahr |first=John |date=2 October 2006 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=24 October 2010}}</ref> to an English mother and Russian father.<ref name=nationsmemory>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |title=Helen Mirren |website=Nation's Memorybank |access-date=5 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207044313/http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref> Her mother, Kathleen "Kitty" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (née Rogers; 1909–1996), was a working-class woman from [[West Ham]], the thirteenth of fourteen children born to a butcher whose own father had been the butcher to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name=nationsmemory/>{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=34}} Her father, Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913–1980), was a member of an exiled family of the [[Russian nobility]]; he had been taken to England at age two by his father, Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov.<ref name=nationsmemory/> Pyotr, who owned a family estate near Gzhatsk (now [[Gagarin, Smolensk Oblast|Gagarin]]), was part of the Russian aristocracy. Pyotr's mother, Mirren's great-grandmother, was Countess Lydia Andreevna Kamenskaya, aristocrat and a descendant of [[Mikhail Kamensky|Count Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky]], a prominent Russian general in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=ker/><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/news/tn-vsl-xpm-2006-09-28-lap-queen0921-story.html | title=Behind the Scene:God Save The Queen | date=28 September 2006 | work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | access-date=12 February 2020 | first=Susan E. | last=James}}</ref> He served as a colonel in the [[Imperial Russian Army]] and fought in the 1904 [[Russo-Japanese War]]. Pyotr later became a diplomat and was negotiating an arms deal in Britain when he and his family were stranded by the [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917.<ref name="NYTJacobs">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html | title=Helen Mirren Plays Catherine II in the Years That Made Her 'the Great' | date=21 October 2019 | work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=12 February 2020 | first=Julia | last=Jacobs}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |title=Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov Collection: The Russian Government Committee in London (1914–1939) |date=11 September 2009 |website=University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies Library |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> The former diplomat settled down in England, and became a London cab driver to support his family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/helen-mirrens-in-the-prime-of-life-7239430.html |title=Helen Mirren's in the prime of life |date=13 July 2017 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Vasily also worked as a cab driver and then played the viola with the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] before [[World War II]].<ref name=nationsmemory/> During the war, he worked as an ambulance driver and served in the [[East End of London]] during [[the Blitz]].{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=22}} He and Kathleen married in Hammersmith in 1938, and at some point before 1951 he anglicised his name to Basil.<ref name=Gazette/> After the birth of Helen, Basil left the orchestra and returned to cab-driving in order to support the family. He later worked as a driving-test examiner, before becoming a civil servant with the [[Department for Transport|Ministry of Transport]].<ref name="biography.com"/><ref name=nationsmemory/> In 1951, Basil changed the family name to Mirren by [[deed poll]].<ref name=Gazette>{{London Gazette |date=12 October 1951 |issue=39356 | page= 5331 |supp=y}}</ref> Mirren considers her upbringing to have been "very anti-monarchist".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |title=Helen Mirren, British Royal Tea? |first=Natalie |last=Finn |date=26 February 2007 |website=E! Online |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012090005/http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |archive-date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> She was the second of three children, born between older sister Katherine ("Kate"; born 1942) and younger brother Peter Basil (1947–2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/189510/helen-mirren-fondly-remembers-late-costar-alan-rickman |title=Helen Mirren fondly remembers late costar Alan Rickman |last=Nepales |first=Ruben V. |date=7 February 2016 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Her paternal cousin was [[Tania Mallet]], a model and [[Bond girl]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47772012 |title=Goldfinger actress dies aged 77 |date=1 April 2019 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Mirren was brought up in [[Leigh-on-Sea]], Essex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |title=Helen Mirren interview |last=Piccalo |first=Gina |date=7 February 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=6 November 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren attended Hamlet Court primary school in [[Westcliff-on-Sea]], where she had the lead role in a school production of ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]'',{{sfn|Mirren|2011|pp=47–48}}<ref name=autobiography>{{cite book |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |first=Helen |last=Mirren |date=25 March 2008 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London, UK |isbn=978-1-41656-760-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/inframemylifeinw0000mirr }}</ref> and [[St Bernard's High School for Girls]] in [[Southend-on-Sea]], where she also acted in school productions. She then attended a teaching college, the [[Middlesex University|New College of Speech and Drama]] in London, "housed within [[Anna Pavlova]]'s old home, Ivy House" on North End Road, which runs from [[Hampstead]] to [[Golders Green]]. At age eighteen, she auditioned for the [[National Youth Theatre]] (NYT) and was accepted. At twenty, she played [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra]] in the NYT production of ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Old Vic]], a role which Mirren says "launched my career",<ref>{{cite news |title=Fame Academy: Where Daniel Craig, Helen Mirren and Colin Firth learned to act |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |access-date=22 April 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> and led to her signing with agent [[Albert Parker (director)|Al Parker]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Waterman |first=Ivan |date=2003 |title=Helen Mirren: The Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Metro Books |pages=[https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 18–22, 26–29] |isbn=1843580535 }}</ref><br />
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==Theatre career==<br />
===Early years===<br />
As a result of her work for the National Youth Theatre, Mirren was invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (RSC). While with the RSC, she played Castiza in [[Trevor Nunn]]'s 1966 staging of ''[[The Revenger's Tragedy]]'', Diana in ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (1967), Cressida in ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'' (1968), Rosalind<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |title=Helen Mirren – Biography |website=TalkTalk.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233618/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> in ''[[As You Like It]]'' (1968), Julia in ''[[The Two Gentlemen of Verona]]'' (1970), Tatiana in [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]]'s ''Enemies'' at the [[Aldwych Theatre|Aldwych]] (1971), and the title role in ''[[Miss Julie]]'' at [[The Other Place (theatre)|The Other Place]] (1971). She also appeared in four productions, directed by [[Braham Murray]] for Century Theatre at the University Theatre in Manchester, between 1965 and 1967.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Braham |author-link=Braham Murray |date=2007 |title=The Worst It Can Be Is a Disaster |location=London, UK |publisher=Methuen Drama |isbn=978-0-7136-8490-2}}</ref><br />
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In 1970, the director and producer [[John Goldschmidt]] made a documentary film, ''Doing Her Own Thing'', about Mirren during her time with the Royal Shakespeare Company. Made for [[Associated TeleVision|ATV]], it was shown on the ITV network in the UK. In 1972 and 1973, Mirren worked with [[Peter Brook]]'s International Centre for Theatre Research and joined the group's tour in North Africa and the US, during which they created ''[[The Conference of the Birds]]''. She then rejoined the RSC, playing [[Lady Macbeth]] at [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre|Stratford]] in 1974 and at the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in 1975.<br />
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[[Sally Beauman]] reported, in her 1982 history of the RSC, that Mirren — while appearing in Nunn's ''Macbeth'' (1974), and in a letter to ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper — had sharply criticised both the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and the RSC for their lavish production expenditure, declaring it "unnecessary and destructive to the art of the Theatre", and adding, "The realms of truth, emotion and imagination reached for in acting a great play have become more and more remote, often totally unreachable across an abyss of costume and technicalities..." This started a big debate, and led to a question in parliament. There were no discernible repercussions for this rebuke of the RSC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/jul/23/helen-mirren-at-75-michael-billington |title=Helen Mirren at 75: wild costumes, blazing performances – and a spell as a rock banshee |newspaper=The Guardian |author=Michael Billington |date= 23 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beauman |first=Sally |author-link=Sally Beauman |date=1982 |title=The Royal Shakespeare Company: A History of Ten Decades |url=https://archive.org/details/royalshakespeare00sall |url-access=registration |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19212-209-4}}</ref><br />
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===West End and RSC===<br />
At the [[West End theatre|West End]]'s [[Royal Court Theatre]] in September 1975, she played the role of a rock star named Maggie in ''[[Teeth 'n' Smiles (play)|Teeth 'n' Smiles]]'', a musical play by [[David Hare (dramatist)|David Hare]]; she reprised the role the following year in a revival of the play at [[Wyndham's Theatre]] in May 1976.<br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren at Met Opera.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the opening of the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in 2008]]<br />
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Beginning in November 1975, Mirren played in West End repertory with the Lyric Theatre Company as Nina in ''[[The Seagull]]'' and Ella in [[Ben Travers]]'s new farce ''The Bed Before Yesterday'' ("Mirren is stirringly voluptuous as the [[Jean Harlow|Harlowesque]] good-time girl": [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]], ''The Guardian''). At the RSC in Stratford in 1977, and at the Aldwych the following year, she played a steely Queen Margaret in [[Terry Hands]]' production of the three parts of ''[[Henry VI (play)|Henry VI]]'', while 1979 saw her 'bursting with grace', and winning acclaim for her performance as Isabella in [[Peter Gill (playwright)|Peter Gill]]'s production of ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' at [[Riverside Studios]].<br />
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In 1981, she returned to the Royal Court for the London premiere of [[Brian Friel]]'s ''[[Faith Healer]]''. That same year she also won acclaim for her performance in the title role of [[John Webster]]'s ''[[The Duchess of Malfi]]'', a production of Manchester's [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange Theatre]] which was later transferred to [[The Roundhouse]] in [[Chalk Farm]], London. Reviewing her portrayal for ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'', [[Francis King]] wrote: "Miss Mirren never leaves it in doubt that even in her absences, this ardent, beautiful woman is the most important character of the story." In her performance as Moll Cutpurse in ''[[The Roaring Girl]]''—at the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre]] in January 1983, and at the [[Barbican Theatre]] in April 1983—she was described as having "swaggered through the action with radiant singularity of purpose, filling in areas of light and shade that even [[Thomas Middleton]] and [[Thomas Dekker (poet)|Thomas Dekker]] omitted."&nbsp;– [[Michael Coveney]], ''[[Financial Times]]'', April 1983.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Philip |title=Becoming Helen Mirren |date=2019 |publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of 1989, Mirren co-starred with [[Bob Peck]] at the [[Young Vic]] in the London premiere of the [[Arthur Miller]] double-bill, ''Two Way Mirror'', performances which prompted Miller to remark: "What is so good about English actors is that they are not afraid of the open expression of large emotions. British actors like to speak. In London, there’s a much more open-hearted kind of exchange between stage and audience" (interview by [[Sheridan Morley]]: ''[[The Times]]'' 11 January 1989).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bigsby |first1=Christopher |title=Arthur Miller: 1962-2005 |date=2011 |publisher=Hachette UK}}</ref> In ''[[Elegy for a Lady]]'' she played the svelte proprietress of a classy boutique, while as the blonde hooker in ''[[Some Kind of Love Story]]'' she was "clad in a Freudian slip and shifting easily from waif-like vulnerability to sexual aggression, giving the role a breathy Monroesque quality" (Michael Billington, ''The Guardian'').<ref>{{cite news |title=The Guardian from London, Greater London, England on January 25, 1989 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259882155/ |access-date=22 October 2020 |agency=Newspapers.com}}</ref><br />
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On 15 February 2013, at the West End's [[Gielgud Theatre]] she began a turn as [[Elizabeth II]] in the World Premiere of [[Peter Morgan]]'s ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |title=The Audience |website=Hit The Theatre.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232730/http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> The show was directed by [[Stephen Daldry]]. In April she was named best actress at the [[Olivier Awards]] for her role.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |title=Helen Mirren crowned queen of the stage |date=30 April 2013 |website=[[3 News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233730/http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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===Broadway debut===<br />
A further stage breakthrough came in 1994, in an [[Yvonne Arnaud Theatre]] production bound for the West End, when [[Bill Bryden]] cast her as Natalya Petrovna in [[Ivan Turgenev]]'s ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''. Her co-stars were [[John Hurt]] as her aimless lover Rakitin and [[Joseph Fiennes]] in only his second professional stage appearance as the cocksure young tutor Belyaev.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Month in the Country |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=4 March 1994 |newspaper=[[Richmond & Twickenham Times]] |quote=Instead of a bored Natalya fretting the summer away in dull frocks, Mirren, dazzlingly gowned, is a woman almost wilfully allowing her heart's desire for her son's young tutor to rule her head and wreak domestic havoc....Creamy shoulders bared, she feels free to launch into a gloriously enchanted, dreamily comic self-confession of love.}}</ref><br />
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Prior to 2015, Mirren had twice been nominated for Broadway's [[Tony Award]] for Best Actress in a Play: in 1995 for her Broadway debut in ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/26/theater/theater-review-turgenev-s-inquiry-into-calamitous-love.html |title=Theater Review; Turgenev's Inquiry Into Calamitous Love |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=26 April 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019 |quote=Miss Mirren's performance is bigger and more animated than the one she gave last year in an entirely different London production.}}</ref> and then again in 2002 for ''[[The Dance of Death (Strindberg)|The Dance of Death]]'', co-starring with Sir [[Ian McKellen]], their fraught rehearsal period coinciding with the terrorist attacks on New York on 11 September 2001.<ref name=autobiography/><br />
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On 7 June 2015‚ Mirren won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play‚ for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in ''The Audience'' (a performance which also won her the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best Actress). Her Tony Award win made her one of the few actors to achieve the US “[[Triple Crown of Acting#Helen Mirren|Triple Crown of Acting]]”, joining the ranks of acclaimed performers including [[Ingrid Bergman]]‚ Dame [[Maggie Smith]], and [[Al Pacino]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |work=Huffington Post |title=7 reasons to love Helen Mirren on her 70th birthday |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023072002/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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===National Theatre===<br />
In 1998, Mirren played [[Cleopatra]] to [[Alan Rickman]]'s [[Mark Antony|Antony]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]. The production received poor reviews; ''[[The Guardian]]'' called it "plodding spectacle rarely informed by powerful passion", while ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' said "the crucial sexual chemistry on which any great production ultimately depends is fatally absent".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |title=A case of hype and fall as Rickman and Mirren are put to the sword |last=Lister |first=David |date=23 October 1998 |newspaper=The Independent |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2000 [[Nicholas Hytner]], who had worked with Mirren on the film version of ''[[The Madness of King George]]'', cast her as Lady Torrance in his revival of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[Orpheus Descending]]'' at the [[Donmar Warehouse]] in London. Michael Billington, reviewing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', described her performance as "an exemplary study of an immigrant woman who has acquired a patina of resilient toughness but who slowly acknowledges her sensuality."<ref>{{cite news |title=Southern discomfort |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/jun/29/artsfeatures4 |access-date=22 April 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><br />
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At the National Theatre in November 2003 she again won praise playing Christine Mannon ("defiantly cool, camp and skittish", ''[[Evening Standard]]''; "glows with mature sexual allure", ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'') in a revival of [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]'' directed by [[Howard Davies (Theatre Director)|Howard Davies]]. "This production was one of the best experiences of my professional life, The play was four and a half hours long, and I have never known that kind of response from an audience ... It was the serendipity of a beautifully cast play, with great design and direction, It will be hard to be in anything better."<ref name=autobiography/> She played the title role in [[Jean Racine]]'s ''[[Phèdre]]'' at the National in 2009, in a production directed by [[Nicholas Hytner]]. The production was also staged at the [[Epidaurus#Theatre|Epidaurus amphitheatre]] on 11 and 12 July 2009.<br />
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==Film career==<br />
Mirren has appeared in a large number of films throughout her career. Some of her earlier film appearances include roles in [[Herostratus (film)|Herostratus]] (1967) Dir. Don Levy, ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)|Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' (1968), ''[[Age of Consent (film)|Age of Consent]]'' (1969), ''[[O Lucky Man!]]'' (1973), ''[[Caligula (film)|Caligula]]'' (1979),<ref name="VF2015" /><ref name="peop_Hele" /> ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980)—co-starring with [[Bob Hoskins]] in what was her breakthrough film role,<ref name="BBC 2014">“Dame Helen Mirren to receive Bafta fellowship”. BBC News. (27 January 2014). Retrieved 22 April 2020</ref> ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981), ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985), ''[[The Mosquito Coast (film)|The Mosquito Coast]]'' (1986), ''[[Pascali's Island (film)|Pascali's Island]]'' (1988) and ''[[When the Whales Came]]'' (1989). She appeared in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Some Mother's Son]]'' (1996), ''[[Painted Lady (mini series)|Painted Lady]]'' (1997) and ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="Mirren roles"/> In [[Peter Greenaway]]'s colorful ''[[The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover]]'', Mirren plays the wife opposite [[Michael Gambon]]. In ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), she plays sadistic history teacher Mrs Eve Tingle.<ref name="Mirren roles">{{cite news |title=All Helen Mirren's 61 movies|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/02/all-helen-mirrens-61-movies-ranked |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><br />
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In 2007, she claimed that the director [[Michael Winner]] had treated her "like a piece of meat" at a [[casting call]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |title=David Cameron keeps his distance from film director Michael Winner |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=3 May 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> Asked about the incident, Winner told ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I don't remember asking her to turn around but if I did I wasn't being serious. I was only doing what the [casting] agent asked me&nbsp;– and for this I get reviled! Helen's a lovely person, she's a great actress and I'm a huge fan, but her memory of that moment is a little flawed."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |title=Susan Sarandon, Gwyneth Paltrow, Charlize Theron & More Casting Couch Horror Stories |date=16 November 2012 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020104842/http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |archive-date=20 October 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren continued her successful film career when she starred more recently in ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001) with [[Maggie Smith]] and ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003) with [[Julie Walters]]. Other more recent appearances include ''[[The Clearing (film)|The Clearing]]'' (2004), ''[[Pride (2004 film)|Pride]]'' (2004), ''[[Raising Helen]]'' (2004), and ''[[Shadowboxer]]'' (2005). Mirren also provided the voice for the supercomputer "[[Minor characters from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|Deep Thought]]" in the film adaptation of [[Douglas Adams]]'s ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' (2005). During her career, she has portrayed three British queens in different films and television series: [[Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), and [[Queen Charlotte|Charlotte]] in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994). She is the only actor to have portrayed both Queens Elizabeth on the screen.<ref name="BBC 2014"/><br />
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Mirren's title role of ''The Queen'' earned her numerous acting awards including a [[BAFTA]], a [[Golden Globe]], and an [[Academy Award]], among many others. During her acceptance speech at the Academy Award ceremony, she praised and thanked Elizabeth II and stated that she had maintained her dignity and weathered many storms during her reign. Mirren later appeared in supporting roles in the films ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]'', ''[[Inkheart (film)|Inkheart]]'', ''[[State of Play (film)|State of Play]]'', and ''[[The Last Station]]'', for which she was nominated for an Oscar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |title=Nominees & Winners for the 82nd Academy Awards |date=24 August 2012 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5p6kTm4hN?url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |archive-date=19 April 2010}}</ref><br />
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===2000–2009===<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren at the Orange British Academy Film Awards.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the [[60th British Academy Film Awards]] in 2007, where she won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]]]]<br />
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Mirren's first film of the 2000s was [[Joel Hershman]]'s ''[[Greenfingers]]'' (2000), a comedy based on the true story about the prisoners of [[Leyhill Prison|HMP Leyhill]], a minimum-security prison, who won gardening awards.<ref name="Deitz">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/garden/free-to-grow-bluebells-in-england.html |title=Free to Grow Bluebells in England |last=Deitz |first=Paula |date=16 July 1998 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=13 |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren portrayed a devoted plantswoman in the film, who coaches a team of prison gardeners, led by [[Clive Owen]], to victory at a prestigious flower show.<ref name="Ramsey">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/22/movies/film-never-too-tough-to-be-softened-up-by-a-flower.html |title=Film; Never Too Tough to Be Softened Up by a Flower |last=Ramsey |first=Nancy |page=22 |date=22 July 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> The project received lukewarm reviews, which suggested that it added "nothing new to this already saturated genre" of [[Britcom|British feel-good films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greenfingers/ |title=Greenfingers (2000) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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The same year, she began work on the mystery film ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'', [[Sean Penn]]'s third directorial effort, in which she played a child psychologist. A critical success,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1104203-pledge |title=The Pledge (2001) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> the [[ensemble film]] tanked at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/entertainment/1332122.stm |title=US directors laud Cannes audiences |date=15 May 2001 |website=BBC News |access-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> Also that year, she filmed the American-Icelandic satirical drama ''[[No Such Thing (film)|No Such Thing]]'' opposite [[Sarah Polley]]. Directed by [[Hal Hartley]], Mirren portrayed a soulless television producer in the film, who strives for sensationalistic stories. It was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/no_such_thing/ |title=No Such Thing (2001) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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Her biggest critical and commercial success, released in 2001, became [[Robert Altman]]'s all-star ensemble mystery film ''[[Gosford Park]]''. A [[homage (arts)|homage]] to writer [[Agatha Christie]]'s [[whodunit]] style, the story follows a party of wealthy Britons and an American, and their servants, who gather for a shooting weekend at an [[English country house]], resulting in an unexpected murder. It received multiple awards and nominations, including a second [[Academy Award]] nomination and first [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Screen Actors Guild Award]] win for Mirren's portrayal of the sternly devoted head servant Mrs. Wilson.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/gosford-park-big-winner-article-1.485902 |title='Gosford Park' Big Winner |first=Jack |last=Mathews |date=11 March 2002 |newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Fred Schepisi]]'s dramedy film ''[[Last Orders (film)|Last Orders]]'' opposite [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]].<ref name="Mirren roles"/><br />
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In 2003, Mirren starred in [[Nigel Cole]]'s comedy ''[[Calendar Girls]]'', inspired by the true story of a group of [[Yorkshire]] women who produced a [[nude calendar]] to raise money for [[Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research|Leukaemia Research]] under the auspices of the [[Women's Institutes]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/12/23/earlyshow/leisure/main590034.shtml |title=Helen Mirren's ''Calendar Girls'' |first=Rome |last=Neal |date=24 December 2003 |website=[[CBS News]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> Mirren initially was reluctant to join the project, dismissing it as another middling British picture,<ref name="mc1">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504225925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo&feature=related| archive-date=2017-05-04|title=2009&nbsp;– Movie Connections&nbsp;– Calendar Girls (2/4) |author=[[Movie Connections]] |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> but rethought her decision upon learning of the casting of co-star [[Julie Walters]].<ref name="mc1"/> The film was generally well received by critics, and grossed $96 million worldwide.<ref name="bom">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=calendargirls.htm |title=Calendar Girls (2003) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, the picture earned [[Satellite Award|Satellite]], [[Golden Globe]], and [[European Film Award]] nominations for Mirren.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0337909/awards |title=Awards for ''Calendar Girls'' |website=Internet Movie Database |access-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> Her other film that year was the [[Showtime Networks|Showtime]] television film ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' opposite [[Olivier Martinez]], and [[Anne Bancroft]], based on the 1950 novel of the same title by [[Tennessee Williams]].<br />
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===2010–2014===<br />
In 2010, Mirren appeared in five films. In ''[[Love Ranch]]'', directed by her husband [[Taylor Hackford]], she portrayed [[Joe Conforte|Sally Conforte]], one half of a married couple who opened the first legal [[brothel]] in the US, the [[Mustang Ranch]] in [[Storey County, Nevada]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/04/helen_mirrens_brothel_movie_to.html |title=Helen Mirren's Brothel Movie to Open |last=Brown |first=Lane |date=6 April 2010 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren starred in the principal role of [[Prospero|Prospera]], the duchess of [[Milan]], in [[Julie Taymor]]'s ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]''. This was based on the [[The Tempest|play of the same name]] by [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]; Taymor changed the original character's gender to cast Mirren as her lead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |title=Mirren 'to star in Tempest film' |date=8 October 2008 |website=BBC News |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5s5JwHeIV?url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |archive-date=18 August 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While the actor garnered strong reviews for her portrayal, the film itself was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tempest |title=The Tempest (2010) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren at the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
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Mirren played a gutsy tea-shop owner who tries to save one of her young employees from marrying a teenage killer in [[Rowan Joffé]]'s ''[[Brighton Rock (2010 film)|Brighton Rock]]'', a [[crime film]] loosely based on [[Graham Greene]]'s 1938 [[Brighton Rock (novel)|novel]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |title=Helen Mirren: Interview |first=Ben |last=Walters |date=2 June 2015 |magazine=Time Out |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128223000/http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |archive-date=28 January 2016 }}</ref> The [[film noir]] [[Film premiere|premiered]] at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] in September 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |title=At TIFF: ''Brighton Rock'' Extends the Graham Greene Adaptation Curse |first=Michelle |last=Orange |date=13 September 2010 |website=Movieline.com |access-date=27 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916205701/http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |archive-date=16 September 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> where it received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/movies/brighton-rock-film-of-graham-greene-novel-review.html |title=A Meek Rose Amid the Mods and Rockers in an English Resort Town |first=Stephen |last=Holden |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=25 August 2011 |website= The New York Times |access-date=27 August 2011}}</ref> Mirren's biggest critical and commercial success of the year was [[Robert Schwentke]]'s ensemble action comedy ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'', based on [[Warren Ellis]]’s graphic novel, in which she portrayed Victoria, an ex-[[MI6]] assassin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |title=Casting Notes: Alan Cumming in Burlesque; Mirren Does Espionage; Dempsey Steals Laughs; Weaver and Shawkat Hit Cedar Rapids |first=Russ |last=Fischer |date=4 November 2009 |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=19 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120911192241/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |archive-date=11 September 2012}}</ref> Mirren was initially hesitant to sign on due to film's graphic violence, but changed her mind upon learning of [[Bruce Willis]]' involvement.<ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |title=Majestic Mirren |first=Emanuel |last=Levy |date=15 October 2010 |newspaper=Financial Times |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Released to positive reviews, it grossed $186.5 million worldwide.<ref name="mojo" >{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2010.htm |title=RED (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Also in 2010, the actor lent her voice to [[Zack Snyder]]'s computer-animated fantasy film ''[[Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole]]'', voicing [[antagonist]] Nyra, a leader of a group of owls. The film grossed $140.1 million on an $80 million budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=guardiansofgahoole.htm |title=Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=15 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's next film was the comedy film ''[[Arthur (2011 film)|Arthur]]'', a remake of the 1981 [[Arthur (1981 film)|film of the same name]], starring [[Russell Brand]] in the lead role. ''Arthur'' received generally negative reviews from critics, who declared it an "irritating, unnecessary remake."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/arthur_2011/ |title=Arthur (2011) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> In preparation for her role as a retired Israeli [[Mossad]] agent in the film ''[[The Debt (2011 film)|The Debt]]'', Mirren reportedly immersed herself in studies of Hebrew language, Jewish history, and [[Holocaust]] writing, including the life of [[Simon Wiesenthal]], while in Israel in 2009 for the filming of some of the movie's scenes. The film is a remake of a [[The Debt (2007 film)|2007 Israeli film of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/mirren-learning-hebrew-for-movie-role_1096343 |title=Mirren Learning Hebrew For Movie Role |date=27 February 2009 |website=ContactMusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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In 2012, Mirren played [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s wife [[Alma Reville]] in the 2012 biopic ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'', directed by [[Sacha Gervasi]] and based on [[Stephen Rebello]]'s non-fiction book ''[[Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho]]''. The film centres on the pair's relationship during the making of ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'', a controversial [[horror film]] that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker's career. It became a moderate arthouse success and garnered a lukewarm critical response from critics, who felt that it suffered from "tonal inconsistency and a lack of truly insightful retrospection."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/hitchcock |title=Hitchcock (2012) |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> Mirren was universally praised for her play however, with [[Roger Ebert]] noting that the film depended most on her portrayal, which he found to be "warm and effective."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20121120/REVIEWS/121129996 |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=20 November 2012 |title=Hitchcock |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> Her other film that year was ''[[The Door (2012 film)|The Door]]'', a claustrophobic drama film directed by [[István Szabó]], based on the Hungarian novel of the same name. Set at the height of [[communist]] rule in 1960s Hungary, the story of the adaptation centres on the abrasive influence that a mysterious housekeeper wields over her employer and successful novelist, played [[Martina Gedeck]]. Mirren found the role "difficult to play" and cited doing it as "one of the hardest things [she has] ever done."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/mirren-steps-through-a-new-door-20120718-22ahn.html |title=Mirren steps through a new door |first=Philippa |last=Hawker |date=19 July 2012 |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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[[File:HelenMirrenHWOFJan2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren receiving a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013]]<br />
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The following year, Mirren replaced [[Bette Midler]] in [[David Mamet]]'s biographical television film ''[[Phil Spector (film)|Phil Spector]]'' about [[Phil Spector|the American musician]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/22/phil-spector-s-jersey-girl-lawyer-meet-the-real-linda-kenney-baden.html |title=Phil Spector's Jersey Girl Lawyer: Meet the Real Linda Kenney Baden |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |date=22 March 2013 |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> The [[HBO]] film focuses on the relationship between Spector and his defense attorney Linda Kenney Baden, played by Mirren, during the first of his two [[Phil Spector#Murder conviction|murder trials for the death in 2003]] of [[Lana Clarkson]] in his California mansion. ''Spector'' received largely mixed to positive reviews from critics, particularly for Mirren and co-star [[Al Pacino]]'s performances, and was nominated for eleven [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, also winning Mirren a [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie|Screen Actors Guild Award]] at the [[20th Screen Actors Guild Awards|20th awards ceremony]]. The film drew criticism both from Clarkson's family and friends, who charged that the suicide defense was given more merit than it deserved, and from Spector's wife, who argued that Spector was portrayed as a "foul-mouthed megalomaniac" and a "minotaur".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2013/03/15/friends_of_lana_clarkson_protest_hbo_film_phil_spector/ |title=Friends of Lana Clarkson protest HBO film "Phil Spector" |last=Gupta |first=Prachi |date=15 March 2013 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref> Also in 2013, Mirren voiced the character of Dean Abigail Hardscrabble in [[Pixar]]'s computer-animated comedy film ''[[Monsters University]]'', which grossed $743 million against its estimated budget of $200 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monstersinc2.htm |title=Monsters University (2013) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=20 December 2013}}</ref> and reprised her role in the sequel film ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]''.<ref name="Mirren">{{cite web |url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |title=Helen Mirren Says She's Ready For 'Red' Sequel: 'Just Get Me The Script' |last=Warner |first=Kara |date=29 March 2011 |website=[[MTV News]] |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6B7a76z3q?url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |archive-date=2 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The action comedy received a mixed reviews from film critics, who called it a "lackadaisical sequel",<ref name="TheWrap">{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/red-2-review-bruce-willis-sequel-dies-hard-lands-dull-thud-102681 |title='Red 2' Review: Bruce Willis Sequel Dies Hard, Lands With Dull Thud |last=Gilchrist |first=Todd |date=15 July 2013 |website=[[The Wrap]] |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref> but became another commercial success, making over $140 million worldwide.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=Red 2 (2013) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2.htm |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2014 was the comedy-drama ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' opposite the Indian actor [[Om Puri]]. Directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and produced by [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Oprah Winfrey]], the film is based on [[Richard C. Morais]]' 2010 novel [[The Hundred-Foot Journey|with the same name]] and tells the story of a feud between two adjacent restaurants in a French town. Mirren garnered largely positive reviews for her performance of a snobby restaurateur, a role which she accepted as she was keen to play a French character, reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."<ref name="collider1">{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/helen-mirren-hundred-foot-journey-trumbo-interview/ |title=Helen Mirren Talks 'The Hundred-Foot Journey', Working with Om Puri, What She Looks For in Choosing Projects, 'Trumbo', and More |last1=Roberts |first1=Sheila |date=31 July 2014 |website=Collider |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The film earned her another [[Golden Globe]] nomination and became a modest commercial success, grossing $88.9 million worldwide.<ref name=BOM2>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=100foot.htm |title=The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref><br />
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===2015–present===<br />
[[File:The Leisure Seeker 06 (36402080733).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren attending the premiere of ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' at the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
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In 2015, Mirren reunited with her former assistant [[Simon Curtis (filmmaker)|Simon Curtis]] on ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'', co-starring [[Ryan Reynolds]].<ref name="collider1"/> The film was based on the true story of Jewish refugee [[Maria Altmann]], who, together with her young lawyer [[E. Randol Schoenberg|Randy Schoenberg]], fought the Austrian government to be reunited with [[Gustav Klimt]]'s painting of her aunt, the famous ''[[Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gustav-klimt-birthday-woman-in-gold_55a52d3de4b0a47ac15d61af |title=Gustav Klimt Painted Much More Than 'The Woman In Gold' |last1=Valentine |first1=Colin |date=14 July 2015 |website=Huffpost Arts & Culture |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics, although Mirren and Reynold's performances were widely praised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Woman in Gold (2015) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/woman_in_gold/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> A commercial success, ''Woman in Gold'' became one of the highest-grossing specialty films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/the-20-highest-grossing-indies-of-2015-a-running-list-1 |title=The 20 Highest Grossing Indies of 2015 (A Running List) |first=Kate |last=Erbland |date=29 December 2015 |website=Indiewire |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The same year, Mirren appeared in [[Gavin Hood]]'s thriller ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), in which she played as a military intelligence officer who leads a secret [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone]] mission to capture a terrorist group living in [[Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/aaron-paul-helen-mirren-join-colin-firth-in-thriller-eye-in-the-sky/ |title=Aaron Paul, Helen Mirren Join Colin Firth in Thriller 'Eye in the Sky' |last1=Sneider |first1=Jeff |date=16 May 2014 |website=The Wrap |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Jay Roach]]'s biographical drama ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'', co-starring [[Bryan Cranston]] and [[Diane Lane]]. The actor played [[Hedda Hopper]], the famous actor and [[gossip columnist]], in the film, which received generally positive reviews from critics and garnered her a 14th Golden Globe nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/trumbo/ |title=Trumbo (2015) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2016 was ''[[Collateral Beauty]]'', directed by [[David Frankel]]. Co-Starring [[Will Smith]], [[Keira Knightley]], and [[Kate Winslet]], the ensemble drama follows a man who copes with his daughter's death by writing letters to [[time]], [[death]], and [[love]]. The film earned largely negative reviews from critics, who called it "well-meaning but fundamentally flawed."<ref name="reviews">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/will-smith-collateral-beauty-lowest-box-office-opening-rotten-tomatoes-1201873153/ |title=How Critics' "Schoolyard Assault" On 'Collateral Beauty' Turned Ugly For Will Smith Pic |first=Anthony |last= D'Alessandro |date=18 December 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=reviews2>{{cite web |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/12/13/collateral-beauty-reviews-roundup/ |title=Collateral Beauty reviews: Will Smith movie slammed by critics |first=Danielle |last=Jackson |date=13 December 2016 |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Mirren narrated ''[[Cries from Syria]]'', a [[documentary film]] about the [[Syrian Civil War]], directed by [[Evgeny Afineevsky]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/markets-festivals/hbo-cries-from-syria-1201957096/ |title=HBO Nabs 'Cries From Syria' Documentary Ahead of Sundance |first=Brent |last=Lang |date=10 January 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> Also that year, she made an uncredited [[cameo appearance]] in [[F. Gary Gray]]'s ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'', the eighth instalment in [[The Fast and the Furious|''The Fast and the Furious'' franchise]], playing Magdalene, the mother of Owen and [[Deckard Shaw]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1635570/how-helen-mirren-ended-up-in-the-fate-of-the-furious-according-to-vin-diesel |title=How Helen Mirren Ended Up In The Fate Of The Furious, According To Vin Diesel |first=Gregory |last=Wakeman |date=14 March 2017 |website=Cinemablend.com |access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> Mirren had a larger role in director [[Paolo Virzì]]'s English-language debut ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'', based on the [[The Leisure Seeker (novel)|2009 novel of the same name]]. On set, she was reunited with [[Donald Sutherland]] with whom she had not worked again since ''[[Bethune: The Making of a Hero]]'' (1990),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/cannes-helen-mirren-and-donald-sutherland-to-topline-paolo-virzis-the-leisure-seeker-exclusive-1201772430/ |title=Cannes: Helen Mirren and Donald Sutherland to Topline Paolo Virzì's 'The Leisure Seeker' |first1=Nick |last1=Vivarelli |first2=Elsa |last2=Keslassy |date=12 May 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> portraying a terminally ill couple who escape from their retirement home and take one last cross-country adventure in a vintage van.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-donald-sutherland-team-up-for-the-leisure-seeker-cannes-1201754273/ |title=Helen Mirren & Donald Sutherland Team For 'The Leisure Seeker' – Cannes |first=Ali |last=Jaafar |date=12 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> At the [[75th Golden Globe Awards|75th awards ceremony]], Mirren received her 15th [[Golden Globe]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List |first=Rebecca |last=Rubin |date=11 December 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref><br />
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In 2018, Mirren portrayed heiress [[Sarah Winchester]] in the supernatural horror film ''[[Winchester (film)|Winchester]]'', directed by [[The Spierig Brothers]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-takes-aim-at-playing-firearm-heiress-in-hot-cannes-package-winchester-1201755962/ |title=Helen Mirren Takes Aim At Playing Firearm Heiress In Hot Cannes Package 'Winchester' |first=Mike Jr. |last=Fleming |date=14 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref> In the same year, she starred as Mother Ginger in Disney's adaptation of ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', titled ''[[The Nutcracker and the Four Realms]]'', directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and [[Joe Johnston]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/helen-mirren-nutcracker-disney-1201844942/ |title=Helen Mirren Joins Disney's 'The Nutcracker' |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=25 August 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> In 2019, she appeared in the ensemble film ''[[Berlin, I Love You]]'', the French crime thriller film ''[[Anna (2019 feature film)|Anna]]'', directed and written by [[Luc Besson]], and co-starred in the ''Fast and the Furious'' spin-off ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]''.<ref name="Oct2017V">{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/luc-besson-anna-helen-mirren-luke-evans-1202584144/ |title=Luc Besson Sets Next Film 'Anna' With Helen Mirren, Luke Evans |first1=Elsa |last1=Keslassy |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |date=9 October 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> In March 2021, she was cast as the villain Hespera in the upcoming superhero film ''[[Shazam! Fury of the Gods]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=March 23, 2021 |title='Shazam: Fury Of The Gods': Helen Mirren To Play Villain Hespera In Sequel |url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323221810/https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |archive-date=March 23, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2021 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><br />
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Mirren is set to portray [[Golda Meir]], prime minister of Israel 1969–1974, in a [[biopic]] entitled ''[[Golda (film)|Golda]]''. As at April 2021 the film was in production.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Helen Mirren to Play Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir in Biopic Set During Yom Kippur War|url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2021/04/06/helen-mirren-to-play-israeli-prime-minister-golda-meir-in-biopic-set-during-yom-kippur-war/|access-date=2021-04-06|website=Algemeiner.com|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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==Television career==<br />
=== ''Prime Suspect'' ===<br />
Mirren is known for her role as detective Jane Tennison in the widely viewed ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', a multiple award-winning television drama series that was noted for its high quality and popularity. Her portrayal of Tennison won her [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] between 1992 and 1994 (making her one of four actors to have received three consecutive [[BAFTA TV Awards]] for a role, alongside [[Robbie Coltrane]], [[Julie Walters]] and [[Michael Gambon]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/dame-helen-mirren-10-things-202365 |title=Dame Helen Mirren: 10 things you need to know about the Oscar nominated actress |date=18 February 2010 |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> Primarily due to ''Prime Suspect'', in 2006 Mirren came 29th on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]’s poll of [[TV's 50 Greatest Stars]] voted by the British public.<ref name="Poll">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5142726.stm|title=ITV to salute '50 greatest stars'|date=3 July 2006|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC Online]]|access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><br />
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=== Other roles ===<br />
Mirren's other television performances include ''[[Cousin Bette]]'' (1971); ''[[BBC Television Shakespeare|As You Like It]]'' (1979); ''[[Blue Remembered Hills]]'' (1979); ''[[The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' episode "[[Dead Woman's Shoes (The Twilight Zone)|Dead Woman's Shoes]]" (1985); ''[[The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)|The Passion of Ayn Rand]]'' (1999), where her performance won her an [[Emmy]]; ''[[Door to Door (film)|Door to Door]]'' (2002); and ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' (2003). In 1976, she appeared with [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Alan Bates]] and [[Malcolm McDowell]] in a production of [[Harold Pinter]]'s ''[[The Collection (play)|The Collection]]'' as part of the ''[[Laurence Olivier Presents]]'' series. She also played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in 2005, in the television serial ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'', for [[Channel 4]] and [[HBO]], for which she received an [[Emmy Award]] and a [[Golden Globe Award]]. Mirren won another Emmy Award on 16 September 2007 for her role in ''[[Prime Suspect|Prime Suspect: The Final Act]]'' on PBS in the same category as in 2006. Mirren hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' on 9 April 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://watching-tv.ew.com/2011/04/10/saturday-night-live-helen-mirren-foo-fighters/ |title='Saturday Night Live' recap: Helen Mirren transcended a laugh-lite 'SNL' |last=Tucker |first=Ken |date=10 April 2011 |website=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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In April 2021, she took part in the [[music video]] "La Vacinada" (meaning ''the vaccinated woman'' in broken [[Spanish language]]) of Italian comedian and singer [[Checco Zalone]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/checco-zalone-pokes-fun-at-helen-mirrens-age-in-viral-video-9xgd0q99d|title=Checco Zalone pokes fun at Helen Mirren’s age in viral video|publisher=thetimes.co.uk|date=1 May 2021|access-date=2 May 2021}}</ref><br />
In said song and video, Zalone jokes about the fact that, in times of [[Covid-19 pandemic]], it is safer to have an [[affair]] with someone who has already been [[vaccinated]] against the [[virus]], and as [[the elderly]] get vaccinated first, a higher-aged partner (played by Mirren in the video) is now the best choice.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/|title='The Telegraph' recap: Helen Mirren joins Italy's best known comic in light-hearted sketch to promote Covid-19 vaccine |last=Squires|first=Nick|date=30 April 2021 |website=The Telegraph |access-date=30 April 2021}}</ref><br />
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==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren figure at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|upright|Waxwork of Mirren at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]<br />
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Mirren lived with Northern Irish actor [[Liam Neeson]] during the early 1980s; they met while working on ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981). When interviewed by [[James Lipton]] for ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]'', Neeson said Mirren was instrumental in him getting an agent.<br />
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Mirren married American director [[Taylor Hackford]], whom she began dating in 1986, on 31 December 1997. The ceremony took place at the [[Ardersier]] Parish Church near [[Inverness]] in the [[Scottish Highlands]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |title=Dame Helen Mirren fights sewage plant plan in quiet fishing village where she got married |date=30 May 2016 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=20 January 2018}}</ref> The couple met on the set of ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985). It is her first marriage and his third (he has two children from his previous marriages). Mirren has no children, stating she has "no maternal instinct whatsoever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/mirren%20i%20have%20no%20maternal%20instinct_1023284 |title=Mirren: 'I Have No Maternal Instinct' |date=26 February 2007 |website=Contactmusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's autobiography, ''In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures'', was published in the UK by [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] in September 2007. Reviewing for ''[[The Stage]]'', John Thaxter wrote: "Sumptuously illustrated, at first sight it looks like another of those photo albums of the stars. But between the pictures there are almost 200 pages of densely printed text, an unusually frank story of her private and professional life, mainly in the theatre, the words clearly Mirren's own, delivered with forthright candour."<ref>{{cite news |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=1 November 2007 |newspaper=The Stage}}</ref><br />
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In 1990, Mirren stated in an interview that she is an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sunday Review Pages: Helen Mirren interview |last=Garfield |first=Simon |date=25 November 1990 |newspaper=The Independent |page=27 |quote=Sometimes I feel like a farmer during a war, someone who doesn't know very much about it and carries on digging, hoping for rain. But just the last few days I've had this terrible feeling of... doom. It's a, er, [[Bible|biblical]], kind of [[Old Testament]] feeling. I'm an atheist, but I was suddenly thinking of those stories of the flood and punishment. Because we've become unbelievably greedy and destructive.}}</ref> In the August 2011 issue of ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', Mirren said, "I am quite spiritual. I believed in fairies when I was a child. I still do sort of believe in the fairies. And the leprechauns. But I don't believe in God."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/helen-mirren-quotes-0811 |title=Helen Mirren: What I've Learned |last=Fussman |first=Cal |date=7 July 2011 |magazine=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |access-date=8 January 2013}}</ref><br />
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In a 2008 interview with ''[[GQ]]'', Mirren revealed she was [[date rape]]d as a student, and had often taken [[cocaine]] at parties in her twenties and until the 1980s.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/09/01/helen.mirren.rape/index.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren in date-rape revelation |date=1 September 2008 |publisher=CNN |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref><ref name=indie>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |title=Mirren talks of her date-rapes, then provokes furore with views on sex attackers |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |date=1 September 2008 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref> She stopped using the drug after reading that [[Klaus Barbie]] made a living from cocaine dealing.<ref name=cnn/><ref name=indie/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7591142.stm |title=Dame Helen in cocaine admission |date=1 September 2008 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901101327/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2008 |title='The Queen' actress Dame Helen Mirren reveals former love of cocaine |last=Simpson |first=Aislinn |date=31 August 2008 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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On 11 May 2010, Mirren attended the unveiling of her waxwork at [[Madame Tussauds]] in London. In 2012, she was among the [[List of cultural icons of England|British cultural icons]] selected by the artist Sir [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]] to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork&nbsp;– the Beatles' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' album cover&nbsp;– to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admires.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited |title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday |first=Caroline |last=Davies |date=2 April 2012 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026 |title=Sir Peter Blake's new Beatles' Sgt Pepper's album cover |date=2 April 2012 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2010, she was named Sexiest Woman Alive by ''Esquire'', and in a 2011 photo shoot for the magazine she stripped down and then covered up with the [[Union Jack]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Helen Mirren shows off her patriotism in Esquire photo shoot |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/helen-mirren-shows-off-her-patriotism-in-esquire-photo-shoot.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAL-vIbYr3zdTdvehdRUc0lnYjJRXjrH4_m5WPohtumjKkQF5ZjHQLJtDu-wBH128akA-SIGhwuqIxJGGVah71ko93k0SrMjCBGWYNe6o4pAX1bMxdQKNuPUDWP0gRMadkT21jNy7mPWtoRB9gY_JEBadANEeCY_pMxeHk9kSdO2G |access-date=25 October 2020 |publisher=Yahoo}}</ref><br />
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In 2013, Mirren was announced as one of several new models for [[Marks & Spencer]]'s "Womanism" campaign. Subtitled "Britain's leading ladies", the campaign saw Mirren appear alongside British women from various fields, including pop singer [[Ellie Goulding]], double Olympic gold medal-winning boxer [[Nicola Adams]], and writer [[Monica Ali]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/aug/19/marks-spencer-new-ad-annie-leibowitz |title=Marks & Spencer's new ad: what does it mean? |first=Lauren |last=Cochrane |date=19 August 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In March 2013, ''The Guardian'' listed Mirren as one of the 50 best-dressed over 50.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s |title=The 50 best-dressed over 50s |first=Jess |last=Cartner-Morley |date=29 March 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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She told the ''[[Radio Times]]'', "I'm a [[naturism|naturist]] at heart. I love being on beaches where everyone is naked. Ugly people, beautiful people, old people, whatever. It's so unisexual and so liberating."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-09-19/celebrity-nudists-the-stars-who-like-to-let-it-all-hang-out |title=Celebrity nudists: the stars who like to let it all hang out |date=19 September 2014 |magazine=Radio Times |location=London |access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref> In 2004, she was named "Naturist of the Year" by [[British Naturism]]. She said: "Many thanks to British Naturism for this great honour. I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!"<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |title=Dame Helen Mirren named 'Naturist of the Year' |date=8 January 2012 |website=British Naturism |access-date=26 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004094251/http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |archive-date=4 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
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Mirren became a [[U.S. citizen]] in 2017 and voted in her first U.S. election in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/oscar-winner-tahoe-resident-helen-mirren-casts-1st-american-vote|title=Oscar winner, Tahoe resident Helen Mirren casts 1st American vote| date=15 October 2020 |newspaper=Tahoe Daily Tribune |location=Tahoe, Nevada |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/|website=[[Record-Courier (Nevada)|The Record-Courier]]|title='The Queen' casts her ballot in Minden|date=17 October 2020|last=Hildebrand|first=Kurt}}</ref><br />
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== Acting credits ==<br />
{{main|Helen Mirren on screen and stage}}<br />
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==Awards and honours==<br />
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren}}<br />
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Among her major competitive awards, Mirren has won one [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]], four [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA Awards]], three [[Golden Globe Award]]s, four [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, and one [[Tony Award]]. Her numerous honorary awards include the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] and Gala Tribute presented by the [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]].<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/45th-chaplin-award-gala-will-honor-helen-mirren/ |title=45th Chaplin Award Gala Will Honor Helen Mirren |publisher=Film Society of Lincoln Center |date=14 October 2017|access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref><br />
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In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]] in December.<ref name="Damehood"/><ref name="Ceremony"/> In January 2009, Mirren was named on ''[[The Times]]''' list of the top 10 British actresses of all time. The list included [[Julie Andrews]], [[Helena Bonham Carter]], [[Judi Dench]] and [[Audrey Hepburn]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5502980.ece |title=The best British film actresses of all time |date=12 January 2009 |work=The Times |location=London | first=James | last=Christopher | access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref><br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[List of British actors]]<br />
*[[List of British Academy Award nominees and winners]]<br />
*[[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]<br />
*[[List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="VF2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/11/helen-mirren-nude-scene |title=Helen Mirren Reveals The One Nude Scene She Didn't Mind Filming |last=Miller |first=Julie |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<ref name="peop_Hele">{{cite web |url=http://www.people.com/article/helen-mirren-talks-nude-scenes |title=Helen Mirren Reveals Her Favorite Nude Scenes Were for Caligula: 'Everyone Was Naked' |last=McNiece |first=Mia |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=People |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
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==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book | last= Mirren | first= Helen | title= In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=BoEtOA98XQAC | publisher= [[Simon & Schuster]] | date=2011 | isbn= 9781416573418 }}<br />
* Ward, Philip (2019). ''Becoming Helen Mirren''. Troubador Press. {{ISBN|9781838597146}}. A survey of the actress's early career.<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{sister project links|b=no|commons=Category:Helen Mirren|d=Q349391|n=no|q=Helen Mirren|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|545}}<br />
* {{IBDB name|53256}}<br />
* {{Tcmdb name|132793}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|260}}<br />
* {{Worldcat id|lccn-n87-927316}}<br />
* {{NYTtopic|people/m/helen_mirren}}<br />
;''Interviews:''<br />
* {{Cite episode |title=Helen Mirren |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p009mk5j |series=Desert Island Discs |series-link=Desert Island Discs |station=BBC Radio 4 |date=3 December 1982}}<br />
* {{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/dame-helen-mirren-im-an-essex-girl-6mh0b6wd3nm |first=Kevin |last=Maher |title=Dame Helen Mirren: I'm an Essex Girl |newspaper=The Times |location=London, UK |date=12 February 2010}}<br />
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{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Awards for Helen Mirren]]<br />
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{{AcademyAwardBestActress 2001-2020}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actress 2000-2019}}<br />
{{British Academy Television Award for Best Actress 1980-1999}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards}}<br />
{{Prix d'interprétation féminine 1980–1999}}<br />
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{DramaDesk PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActress 1976-2000}}<br />
{{European Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{European Film Academy Achievement in World Cinema Award}}<br />
{{Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Lincoln Center Gala Tribute}}<br />
{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureDrama 2001-2020}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressTVMiniseriesFilm}}<br />
{{GoldenOrangeHonoraryAward}}<br />
{{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}}<br />
{{Honorary Golden Bear}}<br />
{{OlivierAward PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress 2001-present}}<br />
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Motion Picture}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Television Miniseries or Film}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Supporting Actress Series Miniseries or Television Film}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleLeadMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleSupportMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleTVMiniseriesMovie}}<br />
{{Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award}}<br />
{{Stanislavsky Award}}<br />
{{St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{TonyAward PlayLeadActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{TFCA Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Volpi Cup for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
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{{Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirren, Helen}}<br />
[[Category:1945 births]]<br />
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[[Category:Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Mirren&diff=1062784562Helen Mirren2021-12-30T14:23:35Z<p>SteveCrook: READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR and it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term</p>
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<div>{{short description|English actor}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Dame]]<br />
| name = Helen Mirren<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}}<br />
| image = Helen Mirren-2208 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Mirren in 2020<br />
| alt = Mirren at the 2020 Berlin International Film Festival<br />
| birth_name = Helen Lydia Mironoff<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1945|7|26}}<br />
| birth_place = [[London]], England<!--No boroughs/neighbourhoods, just cities per format.--><br />
| occupation = Actor<!-- READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR and it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --><br />
| years_active = 1966–present<br />
| notable_works = [[Helen Mirren on screen and stage|Acting credits]]<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Taylor Hackford]]|31 December 1997}}<br />
| relatives = [[Tania Mallet]] (cousin)<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Full list]]<br />
| website = {{url|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dame Helen Lydia Mirren''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} ({{nee|'''Mironoff'''}}; born 26 July 1945) is an English<!--as per [[MOS:BIO]]; became notable as English and not British-American--> acto<!--PLEASE READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men (see article history) -->. The recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|numerous accolades]], she is the only person to achieve the [[Triple Crown of Acting]] in both the US and the UK, winning an [[Academy Award]] and a [[British Academy Film Award]] for her portrayal of [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'', a [[Tony Award]] and a [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for the same role in ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]'', three [[British Academy Television Awards]] for her performance as DCI Jane Tennison in ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', and four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]], including two for ''Prime Suspect''.<br />
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Excelling on stage with the [[National Youth Theatre]], Mirren's performance as [[Cleopatra]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' in 1965 saw her invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] before she made her [[West End theatre|West End]] stage debut in 1975. Since then, Mirren has also had success in television and film. Aside from her Academy Award-winning performance, Mirren's other Oscar-nominated performances were for ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001), and ''[[The Last Station]]'' (2009). For her role on ''Prime Suspect'', which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] (1992, 1993 and 1994), a joint-record of consecutive wins shared with [[Julie Walters]], and two [[Primetime Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/helen-mirren |title=Helen Mirren |website=[[Emmy Award]] |access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> Playing [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), and [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in the film ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), she is the only actor to have portrayed both the ''regnant'' Elizabeths on screen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Helen Mirren, at 75, remains the queen of acting |url=https://www.dw.com/en/why-helen-mirren-at-75-remains-the-queen-of-acting/a-52429296 |access-date=20 October 2020 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle|DW]]}}</ref><br />
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After her breakthrough film role in ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980), other notable film roles included ''[[Cal (1984 film)|Cal]]'' (1984), for which she won the [[Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress]], ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover]]'' (1989), ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003), ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'' (2012), ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' (2014), ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'' (2015), ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'' (2015), and ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' (2017). She also appeared in the action films ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'' (2010) and ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]'' (2013) playing an ex-[[MI6]] assassin, and in the ''[[Fast & Furious]]'' films ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'' (2017), ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]'' (2019), and ''[[F9 (film)|F9]]'' (2021).<br />
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In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref name="Damehood">{{London Gazette|issue=56963|supp=y|page=7 |date=14 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Ceremony">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |title=Dame Helen centre stage at palace |date=5 December 2003 |website=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725070213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |archive-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> In 2013 she was awarded a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]],<ref name="Walk of fame">{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |title=Helen Mirren Gets Hollywood Walk of Fame Star |date=4 January 2013 |website=[[Sky News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116224406/http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> and in 2014 she received the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]].<ref name="bafta.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/helen-mirren-fellowship-2014,4076,BA.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren&nbsp;– BAFTA Fellow in 2014 |date=26 January 2014 |website=BAFTA |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> In 2021, she was announced as the recipient of the [[Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grater |first1=Tom |title=Helen Mirren To Receive SAG Life Achievement Award |url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/helen-mirren-sag-life-achievement-award-1234876685/ |website=Deadline |access-date=November 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
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==Early life and education==<br />
<!-- Although it is common to have an 'a' at the end of a woman's patronymic, when Russian families moved to the UK, they often "froze" their surnames and didn't follow the old patronymic rules any more. The same applies to other nationalities like Icelandic and those from Nordic countries. Had she been born in Russia, Helen Mirren likely would have been named Yelena or Ilyena Vasilyeva Mironova. But she was born in the UK and was named Helen Lydia Mironoff --><br />
Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff at [[Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital]] in the [[Hammersmith]] district of [[London]]<ref name=birth>{{Cite web |url=http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=bmd%2fb%2f1945%2f3%2faz%2f000858%2f014 |title=England & Wales births 1837–2006 Transcription |website=[[Findmypast]] |access-date=6 June 2016 |quote=Her birth was registered in the Hammersmith registration district |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |title='Whenever I see the Queen, I think, "Oh ... there I am"': The right royal progress of Helen Mirren |first=Neil |last=Norman |date=10 March 2013 |newspaper=The Independent |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> on 26 July 1945,<ref name="biography.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/helen-mirren-547434 |title=Helen Mirren Biography: Actress (1945–) |website=[[Biography.com]] |publisher=[[FYI (TV network)|FYI]]/[[A&E Networks]] |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=ker>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002fa_fact1 |title=Command Performance: The reign of Helen Mirren |last=Lahr |first=John |date=2 October 2006 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=24 October 2010}}</ref> to an English mother and Russian father.<ref name=nationsmemory>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |title=Helen Mirren |website=Nation's Memorybank |access-date=5 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207044313/http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref> Her mother, Kathleen "Kitty" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (née Rogers; 1909–1996), was a working-class woman from [[West Ham]], the thirteenth of fourteen children born to a butcher whose own father had been the butcher to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name=nationsmemory/>{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=34}} Her father, Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913–1980), was a member of an exiled family of the [[Russian nobility]]; he had been taken to England at age two by his father, Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov.<ref name=nationsmemory/> Pyotr, who owned a family estate near Gzhatsk (now [[Gagarin, Smolensk Oblast|Gagarin]]), was part of the Russian aristocracy. Pyotr's mother, Mirren's great-grandmother, was Countess Lydia Andreevna Kamenskaya, aristocrat and a descendant of [[Mikhail Kamensky|Count Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky]], a prominent Russian general in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=ker/><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/news/tn-vsl-xpm-2006-09-28-lap-queen0921-story.html | title=Behind the Scene:God Save The Queen | date=28 September 2006 | work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | access-date=12 February 2020 | first=Susan E. | last=James}}</ref> He served as a colonel in the [[Imperial Russian Army]] and fought in the 1904 [[Russo-Japanese War]]. Pyotr later became a diplomat and was negotiating an arms deal in Britain when he and his family were stranded by the [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917.<ref name="NYTJacobs">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html | title=Helen Mirren Plays Catherine II in the Years That Made Her 'the Great' | date=21 October 2019 | work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=12 February 2020 | first=Julia | last=Jacobs}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |title=Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov Collection: The Russian Government Committee in London (1914–1939) |date=11 September 2009 |website=University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies Library |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> The former diplomat settled down in England, and became a London cab driver to support his family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/helen-mirrens-in-the-prime-of-life-7239430.html |title=Helen Mirren's in the prime of life |date=13 July 2017 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Vasily also worked as a cab driver and then played the viola with the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] before [[World War II]].<ref name=nationsmemory/> During the war, he worked as an ambulance driver and served in the [[East End of London]] during [[the Blitz]].{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=22}} He and Kathleen married in Hammersmith in 1938, and at some point before 1951 he anglicised his name to Basil.<ref name=Gazette/> After the birth of Helen, Basil left the orchestra and returned to cab-driving in order to support the family. He later worked as a driving-test examiner, before becoming a civil servant with the [[Department for Transport|Ministry of Transport]].<ref name="biography.com"/><ref name=nationsmemory/> In 1951, Basil changed the family name to Mirren by [[deed poll]].<ref name=Gazette>{{London Gazette |date=12 October 1951 |issue=39356 | page= 5331 |supp=y}}</ref> Mirren considers her upbringing to have been "very anti-monarchist".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |title=Helen Mirren, British Royal Tea? |first=Natalie |last=Finn |date=26 February 2007 |website=E! Online |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012090005/http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |archive-date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> She was the second of three children, born between older sister Katherine ("Kate"; born 1942) and younger brother Peter Basil (1947–2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/189510/helen-mirren-fondly-remembers-late-costar-alan-rickman |title=Helen Mirren fondly remembers late costar Alan Rickman |last=Nepales |first=Ruben V. |date=7 February 2016 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Her paternal cousin was [[Tania Mallet]], a model and [[Bond girl]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47772012 |title=Goldfinger actress dies aged 77 |date=1 April 2019 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Mirren was brought up in [[Leigh-on-Sea]], Essex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |title=Helen Mirren interview |last=Piccalo |first=Gina |date=7 February 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=6 November 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren attended Hamlet Court primary school in [[Westcliff-on-Sea]], where she had the lead role in a school production of ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]'',{{sfn|Mirren|2011|pp=47–48}}<ref name=autobiography>{{cite book |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |first=Helen |last=Mirren |date=25 March 2008 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London, UK |isbn=978-1-41656-760-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/inframemylifeinw0000mirr }}</ref> and [[St Bernard's High School for Girls]] in [[Southend-on-Sea]], where she also acted in school productions. She then attended a teaching college, the [[Middlesex University|New College of Speech and Drama]] in London, "housed within [[Anna Pavlova]]'s old home, Ivy House" on North End Road, which runs from [[Hampstead]] to [[Golders Green]]. At age eighteen, she auditioned for the [[National Youth Theatre]] (NYT) and was accepted. At twenty, she played [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra]] in the NYT production of ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Old Vic]], a role which Mirren says "launched my career",<ref>{{cite news |title=Fame Academy: Where Daniel Craig, Helen Mirren and Colin Firth learned to act |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |access-date=22 April 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> and led to her signing with agent [[Albert Parker (director)|Al Parker]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Waterman |first=Ivan |date=2003 |title=Helen Mirren: The Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Metro Books |pages=[https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 18–22, 26–29] |isbn=1843580535 }}</ref><br />
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==Theatre career==<br />
===Early years===<br />
As a result of her work for the National Youth Theatre, Mirren was invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (RSC). While with the RSC, she played Castiza in [[Trevor Nunn]]'s 1966 staging of ''[[The Revenger's Tragedy]]'', Diana in ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (1967), Cressida in ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'' (1968), Rosalind<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |title=Helen Mirren – Biography |website=TalkTalk.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233618/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> in ''[[As You Like It]]'' (1968), Julia in ''[[The Two Gentlemen of Verona]]'' (1970), Tatiana in [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]]'s ''Enemies'' at the [[Aldwych Theatre|Aldwych]] (1971), and the title role in ''[[Miss Julie]]'' at [[The Other Place (theatre)|The Other Place]] (1971). She also appeared in four productions, directed by [[Braham Murray]] for Century Theatre at the University Theatre in Manchester, between 1965 and 1967.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Braham |author-link=Braham Murray |date=2007 |title=The Worst It Can Be Is a Disaster |location=London, UK |publisher=Methuen Drama |isbn=978-0-7136-8490-2}}</ref><br />
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In 1970, the director and producer [[John Goldschmidt]] made a documentary film, ''Doing Her Own Thing'', about Mirren during her time with the Royal Shakespeare Company. Made for [[Associated TeleVision|ATV]], it was shown on the ITV network in the UK. In 1972 and 1973, Mirren worked with [[Peter Brook]]'s International Centre for Theatre Research and joined the group's tour in North Africa and the US, during which they created ''[[The Conference of the Birds]]''. She then rejoined the RSC, playing [[Lady Macbeth]] at [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre|Stratford]] in 1974 and at the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in 1975.<br />
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[[Sally Beauman]] reported, in her 1982 history of the RSC, that Mirren — while appearing in Nunn's ''Macbeth'' (1974), and in a letter to ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper — had sharply criticised both the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and the RSC for their lavish production expenditure, declaring it "unnecessary and destructive to the art of the Theatre", and adding, "The realms of truth, emotion and imagination reached for in acting a great play have become more and more remote, often totally unreachable across an abyss of costume and technicalities..." This started a big debate, and led to a question in parliament. There were no discernible repercussions for this rebuke of the RSC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/jul/23/helen-mirren-at-75-michael-billington |title=Helen Mirren at 75: wild costumes, blazing performances – and a spell as a rock banshee |newspaper=The Guardian |author=Michael Billington |date= 23 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beauman |first=Sally |author-link=Sally Beauman |date=1982 |title=The Royal Shakespeare Company: A History of Ten Decades |url=https://archive.org/details/royalshakespeare00sall |url-access=registration |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19212-209-4}}</ref><br />
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===West End and RSC===<br />
At the [[West End theatre|West End]]'s [[Royal Court Theatre]] in September 1975, she played the role of a rock star named Maggie in ''[[Teeth 'n' Smiles (play)|Teeth 'n' Smiles]]'', a musical play by [[David Hare (dramatist)|David Hare]]; she reprised the role the following year in a revival of the play at [[Wyndham's Theatre]] in May 1976.<br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren at Met Opera.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the opening of the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in 2008]]<br />
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Beginning in November 1975, Mirren played in West End repertory with the Lyric Theatre Company as Nina in ''[[The Seagull]]'' and Ella in [[Ben Travers]]'s new farce ''The Bed Before Yesterday'' ("Mirren is stirringly voluptuous as the [[Jean Harlow|Harlowesque]] good-time girl": [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]], ''The Guardian''). At the RSC in Stratford in 1977, and at the Aldwych the following year, she played a steely Queen Margaret in [[Terry Hands]]' production of the three parts of ''[[Henry VI (play)|Henry VI]]'', while 1979 saw her 'bursting with grace', and winning acclaim for her performance as Isabella in [[Peter Gill (playwright)|Peter Gill]]'s production of ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' at [[Riverside Studios]].<br />
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In 1981, she returned to the Royal Court for the London premiere of [[Brian Friel]]'s ''[[Faith Healer]]''. That same year she also won acclaim for her performance in the title role of [[John Webster]]'s ''[[The Duchess of Malfi]]'', a production of Manchester's [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange Theatre]] which was later transferred to [[The Roundhouse]] in [[Chalk Farm]], London. Reviewing her portrayal for ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'', [[Francis King]] wrote: "Miss Mirren never leaves it in doubt that even in her absences, this ardent, beautiful woman is the most important character of the story." In her performance as Moll Cutpurse in ''[[The Roaring Girl]]''—at the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre]] in January 1983, and at the [[Barbican Theatre]] in April 1983—she was described as having "swaggered through the action with radiant singularity of purpose, filling in areas of light and shade that even [[Thomas Middleton]] and [[Thomas Dekker (poet)|Thomas Dekker]] omitted."&nbsp;– [[Michael Coveney]], ''[[Financial Times]]'', April 1983.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Philip |title=Becoming Helen Mirren |date=2019 |publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of 1989, Mirren co-starred with [[Bob Peck]] at the [[Young Vic]] in the London premiere of the [[Arthur Miller]] double-bill, ''Two Way Mirror'', performances which prompted Miller to remark: "What is so good about English actors is that they are not afraid of the open expression of large emotions. British actors like to speak. In London, there’s a much more open-hearted kind of exchange between stage and audience" (interview by [[Sheridan Morley]]: ''[[The Times]]'' 11 January 1989).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bigsby |first1=Christopher |title=Arthur Miller: 1962-2005 |date=2011 |publisher=Hachette UK}}</ref> In ''[[Elegy for a Lady]]'' she played the svelte proprietress of a classy boutique, while as the blonde hooker in ''[[Some Kind of Love Story]]'' she was "clad in a Freudian slip and shifting easily from waif-like vulnerability to sexual aggression, giving the role a breathy Monroesque quality" (Michael Billington, ''The Guardian'').<ref>{{cite news |title=The Guardian from London, Greater London, England on January 25, 1989 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259882155/ |access-date=22 October 2020 |agency=Newspapers.com}}</ref><br />
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On 15 February 2013, at the West End's [[Gielgud Theatre]] she began a turn as [[Elizabeth II]] in the World Premiere of [[Peter Morgan]]'s ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |title=The Audience |website=Hit The Theatre.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232730/http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> The show was directed by [[Stephen Daldry]]. In April she was named best actress at the [[Olivier Awards]] for her role.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |title=Helen Mirren crowned queen of the stage |date=30 April 2013 |website=[[3 News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233730/http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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===Broadway debut===<br />
A further stage breakthrough came in 1994, in an [[Yvonne Arnaud Theatre]] production bound for the West End, when [[Bill Bryden]] cast her as Natalya Petrovna in [[Ivan Turgenev]]'s ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''. Her co-stars were [[John Hurt]] as her aimless lover Rakitin and [[Joseph Fiennes]] in only his second professional stage appearance as the cocksure young tutor Belyaev.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Month in the Country |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=4 March 1994 |newspaper=[[Richmond & Twickenham Times]] |quote=Instead of a bored Natalya fretting the summer away in dull frocks, Mirren, dazzlingly gowned, is a woman almost wilfully allowing her heart's desire for her son's young tutor to rule her head and wreak domestic havoc....Creamy shoulders bared, she feels free to launch into a gloriously enchanted, dreamily comic self-confession of love.}}</ref><br />
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Prior to 2015, Mirren had twice been nominated for Broadway's [[Tony Award]] for Best Actress in a Play: in 1995 for her Broadway debut in ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/26/theater/theater-review-turgenev-s-inquiry-into-calamitous-love.html |title=Theater Review; Turgenev's Inquiry Into Calamitous Love |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=26 April 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019 |quote=Miss Mirren's performance is bigger and more animated than the one she gave last year in an entirely different London production.}}</ref> and then again in 2002 for ''[[The Dance of Death (Strindberg)|The Dance of Death]]'', co-starring with Sir [[Ian McKellen]], their fraught rehearsal period coinciding with the terrorist attacks on New York on 11 September 2001.<ref name=autobiography/><br />
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On 7 June 2015‚ Mirren won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play‚ for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in ''The Audience'' (a performance which also won her the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best Actress). Her Tony Award win made her one of the few actors to achieve the US “[[Triple Crown of Acting#Helen Mirren|Triple Crown of Acting]]”, joining the ranks of acclaimed performers including [[Ingrid Bergman]]‚ Dame [[Maggie Smith]], and [[Al Pacino]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |work=Huffington Post |title=7 reasons to love Helen Mirren on her 70th birthday |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023072002/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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===National Theatre===<br />
In 1998, Mirren played [[Cleopatra]] to [[Alan Rickman]]'s [[Mark Antony|Antony]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]. The production received poor reviews; ''[[The Guardian]]'' called it "plodding spectacle rarely informed by powerful passion", while ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' said "the crucial sexual chemistry on which any great production ultimately depends is fatally absent".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |title=A case of hype and fall as Rickman and Mirren are put to the sword |last=Lister |first=David |date=23 October 1998 |newspaper=The Independent |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2000 [[Nicholas Hytner]], who had worked with Mirren on the film version of ''[[The Madness of King George]]'', cast her as Lady Torrance in his revival of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[Orpheus Descending]]'' at the [[Donmar Warehouse]] in London. Michael Billington, reviewing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', described her performance as "an exemplary study of an immigrant woman who has acquired a patina of resilient toughness but who slowly acknowledges her sensuality."<ref>{{cite news |title=Southern discomfort |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/jun/29/artsfeatures4 |access-date=22 April 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><br />
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At the National Theatre in November 2003 she again won praise playing Christine Mannon ("defiantly cool, camp and skittish", ''[[Evening Standard]]''; "glows with mature sexual allure", ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'') in a revival of [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]'' directed by [[Howard Davies (Theatre Director)|Howard Davies]]. "This production was one of the best experiences of my professional life, The play was four and a half hours long, and I have never known that kind of response from an audience ... It was the serendipity of a beautifully cast play, with great design and direction, It will be hard to be in anything better."<ref name=autobiography/> She played the title role in [[Jean Racine]]'s ''[[Phèdre]]'' at the National in 2009, in a production directed by [[Nicholas Hytner]]. The production was also staged at the [[Epidaurus#Theatre|Epidaurus amphitheatre]] on 11 and 12 July 2009.<br />
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==Film career==<br />
Mirren has appeared in a large number of films throughout her career. Some of her earlier film appearances include roles in [[Herostratus (film)|Herostratus]] (1967) Dir. Don Levy, ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)|Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' (1968), ''[[Age of Consent (film)|Age of Consent]]'' (1969), ''[[O Lucky Man!]]'' (1973), ''[[Caligula (film)|Caligula]]'' (1979),<ref name="VF2015" /><ref name="peop_Hele" /> ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980)—co-starring with [[Bob Hoskins]] in what was her breakthrough film role,<ref name="BBC 2014">“Dame Helen Mirren to receive Bafta fellowship”. BBC News. (27 January 2014). Retrieved 22 April 2020</ref> ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981), ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985), ''[[The Mosquito Coast (film)|The Mosquito Coast]]'' (1986), ''[[Pascali's Island (film)|Pascali's Island]]'' (1988) and ''[[When the Whales Came]]'' (1989). She appeared in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Some Mother's Son]]'' (1996), ''[[Painted Lady (mini series)|Painted Lady]]'' (1997) and ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="Mirren roles"/> In [[Peter Greenaway]]'s colorful ''[[The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover]]'', Mirren plays the wife opposite [[Michael Gambon]]. In ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), she plays sadistic history teacher Mrs Eve Tingle.<ref name="Mirren roles">{{cite news |title=All Helen Mirren's 61 movies|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/02/all-helen-mirrens-61-movies-ranked |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><br />
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In 2007, she claimed that the director [[Michael Winner]] had treated her "like a piece of meat" at a [[casting call]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |title=David Cameron keeps his distance from film director Michael Winner |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=3 May 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> Asked about the incident, Winner told ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I don't remember asking her to turn around but if I did I wasn't being serious. I was only doing what the [casting] agent asked me&nbsp;– and for this I get reviled! Helen's a lovely person, she's a great actress and I'm a huge fan, but her memory of that moment is a little flawed."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |title=Susan Sarandon, Gwyneth Paltrow, Charlize Theron & More Casting Couch Horror Stories |date=16 November 2012 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020104842/http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |archive-date=20 October 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren continued her successful film career when she starred more recently in ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001) with [[Maggie Smith]] and ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003) with [[Julie Walters]]. Other more recent appearances include ''[[The Clearing (film)|The Clearing]]'' (2004), ''[[Pride (2004 film)|Pride]]'' (2004), ''[[Raising Helen]]'' (2004), and ''[[Shadowboxer]]'' (2005). Mirren also provided the voice for the supercomputer "[[Minor characters from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|Deep Thought]]" in the film adaptation of [[Douglas Adams]]'s ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' (2005). During her career, she has portrayed three British queens in different films and television series: [[Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), and [[Queen Charlotte|Charlotte]] in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994). She is the only actor to have portrayed both Queens Elizabeth on the screen.<ref name="BBC 2014"/><br />
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Mirren's title role of ''The Queen'' earned her numerous acting awards including a [[BAFTA]], a [[Golden Globe]], and an [[Academy Award]], among many others. During her acceptance speech at the Academy Award ceremony, she praised and thanked Elizabeth II and stated that she had maintained her dignity and weathered many storms during her reign. Mirren later appeared in supporting roles in the films ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]'', ''[[Inkheart (film)|Inkheart]]'', ''[[State of Play (film)|State of Play]]'', and ''[[The Last Station]]'', for which she was nominated for an Oscar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |title=Nominees & Winners for the 82nd Academy Awards |date=24 August 2012 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5p6kTm4hN?url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |archive-date=19 April 2010}}</ref><br />
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===2000–2009===<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren at the Orange British Academy Film Awards.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the [[60th British Academy Film Awards]] in 2007, where she won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]]]]<br />
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Mirren's first film of the 2000s was [[Joel Hershman]]'s ''[[Greenfingers]]'' (2000), a comedy based on the true story about the prisoners of [[Leyhill Prison|HMP Leyhill]], a minimum-security prison, who won gardening awards.<ref name="Deitz">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/garden/free-to-grow-bluebells-in-england.html |title=Free to Grow Bluebells in England |last=Deitz |first=Paula |date=16 July 1998 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=13 |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren portrayed a devoted plantswoman in the film, who coaches a team of prison gardeners, led by [[Clive Owen]], to victory at a prestigious flower show.<ref name="Ramsey">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/22/movies/film-never-too-tough-to-be-softened-up-by-a-flower.html |title=Film; Never Too Tough to Be Softened Up by a Flower |last=Ramsey |first=Nancy |page=22 |date=22 July 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> The project received lukewarm reviews, which suggested that it added "nothing new to this already saturated genre" of [[Britcom|British feel-good films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greenfingers/ |title=Greenfingers (2000) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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The same year, she began work on the mystery film ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'', [[Sean Penn]]'s third directorial effort, in which she played a child psychologist. A critical success,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1104203-pledge |title=The Pledge (2001) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> the [[ensemble film]] tanked at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/entertainment/1332122.stm |title=US directors laud Cannes audiences |date=15 May 2001 |website=BBC News |access-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> Also that year, she filmed the American-Icelandic satirical drama ''[[No Such Thing (film)|No Such Thing]]'' opposite [[Sarah Polley]]. Directed by [[Hal Hartley]], Mirren portrayed a soulless television producer in the film, who strives for sensationalistic stories. It was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/no_such_thing/ |title=No Such Thing (2001) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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Her biggest critical and commercial success, released in 2001, became [[Robert Altman]]'s all-star ensemble mystery film ''[[Gosford Park]]''. A [[homage (arts)|homage]] to writer [[Agatha Christie]]'s [[whodunit]] style, the story follows a party of wealthy Britons and an American, and their servants, who gather for a shooting weekend at an [[English country house]], resulting in an unexpected murder. It received multiple awards and nominations, including a second [[Academy Award]] nomination and first [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Screen Actors Guild Award]] win for Mirren's portrayal of the sternly devoted head servant Mrs. Wilson.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/gosford-park-big-winner-article-1.485902 |title='Gosford Park' Big Winner |first=Jack |last=Mathews |date=11 March 2002 |newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Fred Schepisi]]'s dramedy film ''[[Last Orders (film)|Last Orders]]'' opposite [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]].<ref name="Mirren roles"/><br />
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In 2003, Mirren starred in [[Nigel Cole]]'s comedy ''[[Calendar Girls]]'', inspired by the true story of a group of [[Yorkshire]] women who produced a [[nude calendar]] to raise money for [[Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research|Leukaemia Research]] under the auspices of the [[Women's Institutes]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/12/23/earlyshow/leisure/main590034.shtml |title=Helen Mirren's ''Calendar Girls'' |first=Rome |last=Neal |date=24 December 2003 |website=[[CBS News]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> Mirren initially was reluctant to join the project, dismissing it as another middling British picture,<ref name="mc1">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504225925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo&feature=related| archive-date=2017-05-04|title=2009&nbsp;– Movie Connections&nbsp;– Calendar Girls (2/4) |author=[[Movie Connections]] |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> but rethought her decision upon learning of the casting of co-star [[Julie Walters]].<ref name="mc1"/> The film was generally well received by critics, and grossed $96 million worldwide.<ref name="bom">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=calendargirls.htm |title=Calendar Girls (2003) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, the picture earned [[Satellite Award|Satellite]], [[Golden Globe]], and [[European Film Award]] nominations for Mirren.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0337909/awards |title=Awards for ''Calendar Girls'' |website=Internet Movie Database |access-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> Her other film that year was the [[Showtime Networks|Showtime]] television film ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' opposite [[Olivier Martinez]], and [[Anne Bancroft]], based on the 1950 novel of the same title by [[Tennessee Williams]].<br />
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===2010–2014===<br />
In 2010, Mirren appeared in five films. In ''[[Love Ranch]]'', directed by her husband [[Taylor Hackford]], she portrayed [[Joe Conforte|Sally Conforte]], one half of a married couple who opened the first legal [[brothel]] in the US, the [[Mustang Ranch]] in [[Storey County, Nevada]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/04/helen_mirrens_brothel_movie_to.html |title=Helen Mirren's Brothel Movie to Open |last=Brown |first=Lane |date=6 April 2010 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren starred in the principal role of [[Prospero|Prospera]], the duchess of [[Milan]], in [[Julie Taymor]]'s ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]''. This was based on the [[The Tempest|play of the same name]] by [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]; Taymor changed the original character's gender to cast Mirren as her lead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |title=Mirren 'to star in Tempest film' |date=8 October 2008 |website=BBC News |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5s5JwHeIV?url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |archive-date=18 August 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While the actor garnered strong reviews for her portrayal, the film itself was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tempest |title=The Tempest (2010) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren at the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
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Mirren played a gutsy tea-shop owner who tries to save one of her young employees from marrying a teenage killer in [[Rowan Joffé]]'s ''[[Brighton Rock (2010 film)|Brighton Rock]]'', a [[crime film]] loosely based on [[Graham Greene]]'s 1938 [[Brighton Rock (novel)|novel]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |title=Helen Mirren: Interview |first=Ben |last=Walters |date=2 June 2015 |magazine=Time Out |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128223000/http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |archive-date=28 January 2016 }}</ref> The [[film noir]] [[Film premiere|premiered]] at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] in September 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |title=At TIFF: ''Brighton Rock'' Extends the Graham Greene Adaptation Curse |first=Michelle |last=Orange |date=13 September 2010 |website=Movieline.com |access-date=27 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916205701/http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |archive-date=16 September 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> where it received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/movies/brighton-rock-film-of-graham-greene-novel-review.html |title=A Meek Rose Amid the Mods and Rockers in an English Resort Town |first=Stephen |last=Holden |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=25 August 2011 |website= The New York Times |access-date=27 August 2011}}</ref> Mirren's biggest critical and commercial success of the year was [[Robert Schwentke]]'s ensemble action comedy ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'', based on [[Warren Ellis]]’s graphic novel, in which she portrayed Victoria, an ex-[[MI6]] assassin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |title=Casting Notes: Alan Cumming in Burlesque; Mirren Does Espionage; Dempsey Steals Laughs; Weaver and Shawkat Hit Cedar Rapids |first=Russ |last=Fischer |date=4 November 2009 |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=19 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120911192241/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |archive-date=11 September 2012}}</ref> Mirren was initially hesitant to sign on due to film's graphic violence, but changed her mind upon learning of [[Bruce Willis]]' involvement.<ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |title=Majestic Mirren |first=Emanuel |last=Levy |date=15 October 2010 |newspaper=Financial Times |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Released to positive reviews, it grossed $186.5 million worldwide.<ref name="mojo" >{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2010.htm |title=RED (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Also in 2010, the actor lent her voice to [[Zack Snyder]]'s computer-animated fantasy film ''[[Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole]]'', voicing [[antagonist]] Nyra, a leader of a group of owls. The film grossed $140.1 million on an $80 million budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=guardiansofgahoole.htm |title=Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=15 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's next film was the comedy film ''[[Arthur (2011 film)|Arthur]]'', a remake of the 1981 [[Arthur (1981 film)|film of the same name]], starring [[Russell Brand]] in the lead role. ''Arthur'' received generally negative reviews from critics, who declared it an "irritating, unnecessary remake."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/arthur_2011/ |title=Arthur (2011) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> In preparation for her role as a retired Israeli [[Mossad]] agent in the film ''[[The Debt (2011 film)|The Debt]]'', Mirren reportedly immersed herself in studies of Hebrew language, Jewish history, and [[Holocaust]] writing, including the life of [[Simon Wiesenthal]], while in Israel in 2009 for the filming of some of the movie's scenes. The film is a remake of a [[The Debt (2007 film)|2007 Israeli film of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/mirren-learning-hebrew-for-movie-role_1096343 |title=Mirren Learning Hebrew For Movie Role |date=27 February 2009 |website=ContactMusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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In 2012, Mirren played [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s wife [[Alma Reville]] in the 2012 biopic ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'', directed by [[Sacha Gervasi]] and based on [[Stephen Rebello]]'s non-fiction book ''[[Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho]]''. The film centres on the pair's relationship during the making of ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'', a controversial [[horror film]] that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker's career. It became a moderate arthouse success and garnered a lukewarm critical response from critics, who felt that it suffered from "tonal inconsistency and a lack of truly insightful retrospection."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/hitchcock |title=Hitchcock (2012) |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> Mirren was universally praised for her play however, with [[Roger Ebert]] noting that the film depended most on her portrayal, which he found to be "warm and effective."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20121120/REVIEWS/121129996 |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=20 November 2012 |title=Hitchcock |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> Her other film that year was ''[[The Door (2012 film)|The Door]]'', a claustrophobic drama film directed by [[István Szabó]], based on the Hungarian novel of the same name. Set at the height of [[communist]] rule in 1960s Hungary, the story of the adaptation centres on the abrasive influence that a mysterious housekeeper wields over her employer and successful novelist, played [[Martina Gedeck]]. Mirren found the role "difficult to play" and cited doing it as "one of the hardest things [she has] ever done."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/mirren-steps-through-a-new-door-20120718-22ahn.html |title=Mirren steps through a new door |first=Philippa |last=Hawker |date=19 July 2012 |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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[[File:HelenMirrenHWOFJan2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren receiving a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013]]<br />
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The following year, Mirren replaced [[Bette Midler]] in [[David Mamet]]'s biographical television film ''[[Phil Spector (film)|Phil Spector]]'' about [[Phil Spector|the American musician]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/22/phil-spector-s-jersey-girl-lawyer-meet-the-real-linda-kenney-baden.html |title=Phil Spector's Jersey Girl Lawyer: Meet the Real Linda Kenney Baden |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |date=22 March 2013 |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> The [[HBO]] film focuses on the relationship between Spector and his defense attorney Linda Kenney Baden, played by Mirren, during the first of his two [[Phil Spector#Murder conviction|murder trials for the death in 2003]] of [[Lana Clarkson]] in his California mansion. ''Spector'' received largely mixed to positive reviews from critics, particularly for Mirren and co-star [[Al Pacino]]'s performances, and was nominated for eleven [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, also winning Mirren a [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie|Screen Actors Guild Award]] at the [[20th Screen Actors Guild Awards|20th awards ceremony]]. The film drew criticism both from Clarkson's family and friends, who charged that the suicide defense was given more merit than it deserved, and from Spector's wife, who argued that Spector was portrayed as a "foul-mouthed megalomaniac" and a "minotaur".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2013/03/15/friends_of_lana_clarkson_protest_hbo_film_phil_spector/ |title=Friends of Lana Clarkson protest HBO film "Phil Spector" |last=Gupta |first=Prachi |date=15 March 2013 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref> Also in 2013, Mirren voiced the character of Dean Abigail Hardscrabble in [[Pixar]]'s computer-animated comedy film ''[[Monsters University]]'', which grossed $743 million against its estimated budget of $200 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monstersinc2.htm |title=Monsters University (2013) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=20 December 2013}}</ref> and reprised her role in the sequel film ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]''.<ref name="Mirren">{{cite web |url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |title=Helen Mirren Says She's Ready For 'Red' Sequel: 'Just Get Me The Script' |last=Warner |first=Kara |date=29 March 2011 |website=[[MTV News]] |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6B7a76z3q?url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |archive-date=2 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The action comedy received a mixed reviews from film critics, who called it a "lackadaisical sequel",<ref name="TheWrap">{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/red-2-review-bruce-willis-sequel-dies-hard-lands-dull-thud-102681 |title='Red 2' Review: Bruce Willis Sequel Dies Hard, Lands With Dull Thud |last=Gilchrist |first=Todd |date=15 July 2013 |website=[[The Wrap]] |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref> but became another commercial success, making over $140 million worldwide.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=Red 2 (2013) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2.htm |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2014 was the comedy-drama ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' opposite the Indian actor [[Om Puri]]. Directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and produced by [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Oprah Winfrey]], the film is based on [[Richard C. Morais]]' 2010 novel [[The Hundred-Foot Journey|with the same name]] and tells the story of a feud between two adjacent restaurants in a French town. Mirren garnered largely positive reviews for her performance of a snobby restaurateur, a role which she accepted as she was keen to play a French character, reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."<ref name="collider1">{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/helen-mirren-hundred-foot-journey-trumbo-interview/ |title=Helen Mirren Talks 'The Hundred-Foot Journey', Working with Om Puri, What She Looks For in Choosing Projects, 'Trumbo', and More |last1=Roberts |first1=Sheila |date=31 July 2014 |website=Collider |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The film earned her another [[Golden Globe]] nomination and became a modest commercial success, grossing $88.9 million worldwide.<ref name=BOM2>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=100foot.htm |title=The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref><br />
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===2015–present===<br />
[[File:The Leisure Seeker 06 (36402080733).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren attending the premiere of ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' at the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
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In 2015, Mirren reunited with her former assistant [[Simon Curtis (filmmaker)|Simon Curtis]] on ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'', co-starring [[Ryan Reynolds]].<ref name="collider1"/> The film was based on the true story of Jewish refugee [[Maria Altmann]], who, together with her young lawyer [[E. Randol Schoenberg|Randy Schoenberg]], fought the Austrian government to be reunited with [[Gustav Klimt]]'s painting of her aunt, the famous ''[[Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gustav-klimt-birthday-woman-in-gold_55a52d3de4b0a47ac15d61af |title=Gustav Klimt Painted Much More Than 'The Woman In Gold' |last1=Valentine |first1=Colin |date=14 July 2015 |website=Huffpost Arts & Culture |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics, although Mirren and Reynold's performances were widely praised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Woman in Gold (2015) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/woman_in_gold/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> A commercial success, ''Woman in Gold'' became one of the highest-grossing specialty films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/the-20-highest-grossing-indies-of-2015-a-running-list-1 |title=The 20 Highest Grossing Indies of 2015 (A Running List) |first=Kate |last=Erbland |date=29 December 2015 |website=Indiewire |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The same year, Mirren appeared in [[Gavin Hood]]'s thriller ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), in which she played as a military intelligence officer who leads a secret [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone]] mission to capture a terrorist group living in [[Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/aaron-paul-helen-mirren-join-colin-firth-in-thriller-eye-in-the-sky/ |title=Aaron Paul, Helen Mirren Join Colin Firth in Thriller 'Eye in the Sky' |last1=Sneider |first1=Jeff |date=16 May 2014 |website=The Wrap |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Jay Roach]]'s biographical drama ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'', co-starring [[Bryan Cranston]] and [[Diane Lane]]. The actor played [[Hedda Hopper]], the famous actor and [[gossip columnist]], in the film, which received generally positive reviews from critics and garnered her a 14th Golden Globe nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/trumbo/ |title=Trumbo (2015) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2016 was ''[[Collateral Beauty]]'', directed by [[David Frankel]]. Co-Starring [[Will Smith]], [[Keira Knightley]], and [[Kate Winslet]], the ensemble drama follows a man who copes with his daughter's death by writing letters to [[time]], [[death]], and [[love]]. The film earned largely negative reviews from critics, who called it "well-meaning but fundamentally flawed."<ref name="reviews">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/will-smith-collateral-beauty-lowest-box-office-opening-rotten-tomatoes-1201873153/ |title=How Critics' "Schoolyard Assault" On 'Collateral Beauty' Turned Ugly For Will Smith Pic |first=Anthony |last= D'Alessandro |date=18 December 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=reviews2>{{cite web |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/12/13/collateral-beauty-reviews-roundup/ |title=Collateral Beauty reviews: Will Smith movie slammed by critics |first=Danielle |last=Jackson |date=13 December 2016 |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Mirren narrated ''[[Cries from Syria]]'', a [[documentary film]] about the [[Syrian Civil War]], directed by [[Evgeny Afineevsky]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/markets-festivals/hbo-cries-from-syria-1201957096/ |title=HBO Nabs 'Cries From Syria' Documentary Ahead of Sundance |first=Brent |last=Lang |date=10 January 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> Also that year, she made an uncredited [[cameo appearance]] in [[F. Gary Gray]]'s ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'', the eighth instalment in [[The Fast and the Furious|''The Fast and the Furious'' franchise]], playing Magdalene, the mother of Owen and [[Deckard Shaw]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1635570/how-helen-mirren-ended-up-in-the-fate-of-the-furious-according-to-vin-diesel |title=How Helen Mirren Ended Up In The Fate Of The Furious, According To Vin Diesel |first=Gregory |last=Wakeman |date=14 March 2017 |website=Cinemablend.com |access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> Mirren had a larger role in director [[Paolo Virzì]]'s English-language debut ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'', based on the [[The Leisure Seeker (novel)|2009 novel of the same name]]. On set, she was reunited with [[Donald Sutherland]] with whom she had not worked again since ''[[Bethune: The Making of a Hero]]'' (1990),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/cannes-helen-mirren-and-donald-sutherland-to-topline-paolo-virzis-the-leisure-seeker-exclusive-1201772430/ |title=Cannes: Helen Mirren and Donald Sutherland to Topline Paolo Virzì's 'The Leisure Seeker' |first1=Nick |last1=Vivarelli |first2=Elsa |last2=Keslassy |date=12 May 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> portraying a terminally ill couple who escape from their retirement home and take one last cross-country adventure in a vintage van.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-donald-sutherland-team-up-for-the-leisure-seeker-cannes-1201754273/ |title=Helen Mirren & Donald Sutherland Team For 'The Leisure Seeker' – Cannes |first=Ali |last=Jaafar |date=12 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> At the [[75th Golden Globe Awards|75th awards ceremony]], Mirren received her 15th [[Golden Globe]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List |first=Rebecca |last=Rubin |date=11 December 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref><br />
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In 2018, Mirren portrayed heiress [[Sarah Winchester]] in the supernatural horror film ''[[Winchester (film)|Winchester]]'', directed by [[The Spierig Brothers]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-takes-aim-at-playing-firearm-heiress-in-hot-cannes-package-winchester-1201755962/ |title=Helen Mirren Takes Aim At Playing Firearm Heiress In Hot Cannes Package 'Winchester' |first=Mike Jr. |last=Fleming |date=14 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref> In the same year, she starred as Mother Ginger in Disney's adaptation of ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', titled ''[[The Nutcracker and the Four Realms]]'', directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and [[Joe Johnston]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/helen-mirren-nutcracker-disney-1201844942/ |title=Helen Mirren Joins Disney's 'The Nutcracker' |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=25 August 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> In 2019, she appeared in the ensemble film ''[[Berlin, I Love You]]'', the French crime thriller film ''[[Anna (2019 feature film)|Anna]]'', directed and written by [[Luc Besson]], and co-starred in the ''Fast and the Furious'' spin-off ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]''.<ref name="Oct2017V">{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/luc-besson-anna-helen-mirren-luke-evans-1202584144/ |title=Luc Besson Sets Next Film 'Anna' With Helen Mirren, Luke Evans |first1=Elsa |last1=Keslassy |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |date=9 October 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> In March 2021, she was cast as the villain Hespera in the upcoming superhero film ''[[Shazam! Fury of the Gods]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=March 23, 2021 |title='Shazam: Fury Of The Gods': Helen Mirren To Play Villain Hespera In Sequel |url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323221810/https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |archive-date=March 23, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2021 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><br />
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Mirren is set to portray [[Golda Meir]], prime minister of Israel 1969–1974, in a [[biopic]] entitled ''[[Golda (film)|Golda]]''. As at April 2021 the film was in production.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Helen Mirren to Play Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir in Biopic Set During Yom Kippur War|url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2021/04/06/helen-mirren-to-play-israeli-prime-minister-golda-meir-in-biopic-set-during-yom-kippur-war/|access-date=2021-04-06|website=Algemeiner.com|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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==Television career==<br />
=== ''Prime Suspect'' ===<br />
Mirren is known for her role as detective Jane Tennison in the widely viewed ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', a multiple award-winning television drama series that was noted for its high quality and popularity. Her portrayal of Tennison won her [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] between 1992 and 1994 (making her one of four actors to have received three consecutive [[BAFTA TV Awards]] for a role, alongside [[Robbie Coltrane]], [[Julie Walters]] and [[Michael Gambon]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/dame-helen-mirren-10-things-202365 |title=Dame Helen Mirren: 10 things you need to know about the Oscar nominated actress |date=18 February 2010 |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> Primarily due to ''Prime Suspect'', in 2006 Mirren came 29th on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]’s poll of [[TV's 50 Greatest Stars]] voted by the British public.<ref name="Poll">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5142726.stm|title=ITV to salute '50 greatest stars'|date=3 July 2006|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC Online]]|access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><br />
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=== Other roles ===<br />
Mirren's other television performances include ''[[Cousin Bette]]'' (1971); ''[[BBC Television Shakespeare|As You Like It]]'' (1979); ''[[Blue Remembered Hills]]'' (1979); ''[[The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' episode "[[Dead Woman's Shoes (The Twilight Zone)|Dead Woman's Shoes]]" (1985); ''[[The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)|The Passion of Ayn Rand]]'' (1999), where her performance won her an [[Emmy]]; ''[[Door to Door (film)|Door to Door]]'' (2002); and ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' (2003). In 1976, she appeared with [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Alan Bates]] and [[Malcolm McDowell]] in a production of [[Harold Pinter]]'s ''[[The Collection (play)|The Collection]]'' as part of the ''[[Laurence Olivier Presents]]'' series. She also played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in 2005, in the television serial ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'', for [[Channel 4]] and [[HBO]], for which she received an [[Emmy Award]] and a [[Golden Globe Award]]. Mirren won another Emmy Award on 16 September 2007 for her role in ''[[Prime Suspect|Prime Suspect: The Final Act]]'' on PBS in the same category as in 2006. Mirren hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' on 9 April 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://watching-tv.ew.com/2011/04/10/saturday-night-live-helen-mirren-foo-fighters/ |title='Saturday Night Live' recap: Helen Mirren transcended a laugh-lite 'SNL' |last=Tucker |first=Ken |date=10 April 2011 |website=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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In April 2021, she took part in the [[music video]] "La Vacinada" (meaning ''the vaccinated woman'' in broken [[Spanish language]]) of Italian comedian and singer [[Checco Zalone]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/checco-zalone-pokes-fun-at-helen-mirrens-age-in-viral-video-9xgd0q99d|title=Checco Zalone pokes fun at Helen Mirren’s age in viral video|publisher=thetimes.co.uk|date=1 May 2021|access-date=2 May 2021}}</ref><br />
In said song and video, Zalone jokes about the fact that, in times of [[Covid-19 pandemic]], it is safer to have an [[affair]] with someone who has already been [[vaccinated]] against the [[virus]], and as [[the elderly]] get vaccinated first, a higher-aged partner (played by Mirren in the video) is now the best choice.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/|title='The Telegraph' recap: Helen Mirren joins Italy's best known comic in light-hearted sketch to promote Covid-19 vaccine |last=Squires|first=Nick|date=30 April 2021 |website=The Telegraph |access-date=30 April 2021}}</ref><br />
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==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren figure at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|upright|Waxwork of Mirren at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]<br />
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Mirren lived with Northern Irish actor [[Liam Neeson]] during the early 1980s; they met while working on ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981). When interviewed by [[James Lipton]] for ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]'', Neeson said Mirren was instrumental in him getting an agent.<br />
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Mirren married American director [[Taylor Hackford]], whom she began dating in 1986, on 31 December 1997. The ceremony took place at the [[Ardersier]] Parish Church near [[Inverness]] in the [[Scottish Highlands]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |title=Dame Helen Mirren fights sewage plant plan in quiet fishing village where she got married |date=30 May 2016 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=20 January 2018}}</ref> The couple met on the set of ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985). It is her first marriage and his third (he has two children from his previous marriages). Mirren has no children, stating she has "no maternal instinct whatsoever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/mirren%20i%20have%20no%20maternal%20instinct_1023284 |title=Mirren: 'I Have No Maternal Instinct' |date=26 February 2007 |website=Contactmusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's autobiography, ''In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures'', was published in the UK by [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] in September 2007. Reviewing for ''[[The Stage]]'', John Thaxter wrote: "Sumptuously illustrated, at first sight it looks like another of those photo albums of the stars. But between the pictures there are almost 200 pages of densely printed text, an unusually frank story of her private and professional life, mainly in the theatre, the words clearly Mirren's own, delivered with forthright candour."<ref>{{cite news |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=1 November 2007 |newspaper=The Stage}}</ref><br />
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In 1990, Mirren stated in an interview that she is an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sunday Review Pages: Helen Mirren interview |last=Garfield |first=Simon |date=25 November 1990 |newspaper=The Independent |page=27 |quote=Sometimes I feel like a farmer during a war, someone who doesn't know very much about it and carries on digging, hoping for rain. But just the last few days I've had this terrible feeling of... doom. It's a, er, [[Bible|biblical]], kind of [[Old Testament]] feeling. I'm an atheist, but I was suddenly thinking of those stories of the flood and punishment. Because we've become unbelievably greedy and destructive.}}</ref> In the August 2011 issue of ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', Mirren said, "I am quite spiritual. I believed in fairies when I was a child. I still do sort of believe in the fairies. And the leprechauns. But I don't believe in God."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/helen-mirren-quotes-0811 |title=Helen Mirren: What I've Learned |last=Fussman |first=Cal |date=7 July 2011 |magazine=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |access-date=8 January 2013}}</ref><br />
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In a 2008 interview with ''[[GQ]]'', Mirren revealed she was [[date rape]]d as a student, and had often taken [[cocaine]] at parties in her twenties and until the 1980s.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/09/01/helen.mirren.rape/index.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren in date-rape revelation |date=1 September 2008 |publisher=CNN |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref><ref name=indie>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |title=Mirren talks of her date-rapes, then provokes furore with views on sex attackers |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |date=1 September 2008 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref> She stopped using the drug after reading that [[Klaus Barbie]] made a living from cocaine dealing.<ref name=cnn/><ref name=indie/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7591142.stm |title=Dame Helen in cocaine admission |date=1 September 2008 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901101327/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2008 |title='The Queen' actress Dame Helen Mirren reveals former love of cocaine |last=Simpson |first=Aislinn |date=31 August 2008 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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On 11 May 2010, Mirren attended the unveiling of her waxwork at [[Madame Tussauds]] in London. In 2012, she was among the [[List of cultural icons of England|British cultural icons]] selected by the artist Sir [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]] to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork&nbsp;– the Beatles' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' album cover&nbsp;– to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admires.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited |title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday |first=Caroline |last=Davies |date=2 April 2012 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026 |title=Sir Peter Blake's new Beatles' Sgt Pepper's album cover |date=2 April 2012 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2010, she was named Sexiest Woman Alive by ''Esquire'', and in a 2011 photo shoot for the magazine she stripped down and then covered up with the [[Union Jack]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Helen Mirren shows off her patriotism in Esquire photo shoot |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/helen-mirren-shows-off-her-patriotism-in-esquire-photo-shoot.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAL-vIbYr3zdTdvehdRUc0lnYjJRXjrH4_m5WPohtumjKkQF5ZjHQLJtDu-wBH128akA-SIGhwuqIxJGGVah71ko93k0SrMjCBGWYNe6o4pAX1bMxdQKNuPUDWP0gRMadkT21jNy7mPWtoRB9gY_JEBadANEeCY_pMxeHk9kSdO2G |access-date=25 October 2020 |publisher=Yahoo}}</ref><br />
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In 2013, Mirren was announced as one of several new models for [[Marks & Spencer]]'s "Womanism" campaign. Subtitled "Britain's leading ladies", the campaign saw Mirren appear alongside British women from various fields, including pop singer [[Ellie Goulding]], double Olympic gold medal-winning boxer [[Nicola Adams]], and writer [[Monica Ali]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/aug/19/marks-spencer-new-ad-annie-leibowitz |title=Marks & Spencer's new ad: what does it mean? |first=Lauren |last=Cochrane |date=19 August 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In March 2013, ''The Guardian'' listed Mirren as one of the 50 best-dressed over 50.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s |title=The 50 best-dressed over 50s |first=Jess |last=Cartner-Morley |date=29 March 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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She told the ''[[Radio Times]]'', "I'm a [[naturism|naturist]] at heart. I love being on beaches where everyone is naked. Ugly people, beautiful people, old people, whatever. It's so unisexual and so liberating."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-09-19/celebrity-nudists-the-stars-who-like-to-let-it-all-hang-out |title=Celebrity nudists: the stars who like to let it all hang out |date=19 September 2014 |magazine=Radio Times |location=London |access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref> In 2004, she was named "Naturist of the Year" by [[British Naturism]]. She said: "Many thanks to British Naturism for this great honour. I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!"<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |title=Dame Helen Mirren named 'Naturist of the Year' |date=8 January 2012 |website=British Naturism |access-date=26 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004094251/http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |archive-date=4 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Mirren became a [[U.S. citizen]] in 2017 and voted in her first U.S. election in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/oscar-winner-tahoe-resident-helen-mirren-casts-1st-american-vote|title=Oscar winner, Tahoe resident Helen Mirren casts 1st American vote| date=15 October 2020 |newspaper=Tahoe Daily Tribune |location=Tahoe, Nevada |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/|website=[[Record-Courier (Nevada)|The Record-Courier]]|title='The Queen' casts her ballot in Minden|date=17 October 2020|last=Hildebrand|first=Kurt}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Acting credits ==<br />
{{main|Helen Mirren on screen and stage}}<br />
<br />
==Awards and honours==<br />
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren}}<br />
<br />
Among her major competitive awards, Mirren has won one [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]], four [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA Awards]], three [[Golden Globe Award]]s, four [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, and one [[Tony Award]]. Her numerous honorary awards include the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] and Gala Tribute presented by the [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]].<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/45th-chaplin-award-gala-will-honor-helen-mirren/ |title=45th Chaplin Award Gala Will Honor Helen Mirren |publisher=Film Society of Lincoln Center |date=14 October 2017|access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]] in December.<ref name="Damehood"/><ref name="Ceremony"/> In January 2009, Mirren was named on ''[[The Times]]''' list of the top 10 British actresses of all time. The list included [[Julie Andrews]], [[Helena Bonham Carter]], [[Judi Dench]] and [[Audrey Hepburn]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5502980.ece |title=The best British film actresses of all time |date=12 January 2009 |work=The Times |location=London | first=James | last=Christopher | access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[List of British actors]]<br />
*[[List of British Academy Award nominees and winners]]<br />
*[[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]<br />
*[[List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="VF2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/11/helen-mirren-nude-scene |title=Helen Mirren Reveals The One Nude Scene She Didn't Mind Filming |last=Miller |first=Julie |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<ref name="peop_Hele">{{cite web |url=http://www.people.com/article/helen-mirren-talks-nude-scenes |title=Helen Mirren Reveals Her Favorite Nude Scenes Were for Caligula: 'Everyone Was Naked' |last=McNiece |first=Mia |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=People |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book | last= Mirren | first= Helen | title= In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=BoEtOA98XQAC | publisher= [[Simon & Schuster]] | date=2011 | isbn= 9781416573418 }}<br />
* Ward, Philip (2019). ''Becoming Helen Mirren''. Troubador Press. {{ISBN|9781838597146}}. A survey of the actress's early career.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{sister project links|b=no|commons=Category:Helen Mirren|d=Q349391|n=no|q=Helen Mirren|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|545}}<br />
* {{IBDB name|53256}}<br />
* {{Tcmdb name|132793}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|260}}<br />
* {{Worldcat id|lccn-n87-927316}}<br />
* {{NYTtopic|people/m/helen_mirren}}<br />
;''Interviews:''<br />
* {{Cite episode |title=Helen Mirren |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p009mk5j |series=Desert Island Discs |series-link=Desert Island Discs |station=BBC Radio 4 |date=3 December 1982}}<br />
* {{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/dame-helen-mirren-im-an-essex-girl-6mh0b6wd3nm |first=Kevin |last=Maher |title=Dame Helen Mirren: I'm an Essex Girl |newspaper=The Times |location=London, UK |date=12 February 2010}}<br />
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{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Awards for Helen Mirren]]<br />
|list =<br />
{{AcademyAwardBestActress 2001-2020}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actress 2000-2019}}<br />
{{British Academy Television Award for Best Actress 1980-1999}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards}}<br />
{{Prix d'interprétation féminine 1980–1999}}<br />
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{DramaDesk PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActress 1976-2000}}<br />
{{European Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{European Film Academy Achievement in World Cinema Award}}<br />
{{Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Lincoln Center Gala Tribute}}<br />
{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureDrama 2001-2020}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressTVMiniseriesFilm}}<br />
{{GoldenOrangeHonoraryAward}}<br />
{{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}}<br />
{{Honorary Golden Bear}}<br />
{{OlivierAward PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress 2001-present}}<br />
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Motion Picture}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Television Miniseries or Film}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Supporting Actress Series Miniseries or Television Film}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleLeadMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleSupportMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleTVMiniseriesMovie}}<br />
{{Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award}}<br />
{{Stanislavsky Award}}<br />
{{St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{TonyAward PlayLeadActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{TFCA Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Volpi Cup for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirren, Helen}}<br />
[[Category:1945 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses awarded British damehoods]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Essex]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Middlesex University]]<br />
[[Category:Audiobook narrators]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award (television) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actress Golden Globe winners]]<br />
[[Category:British naturists]]<br />
[[Category:Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]<br />
[[Category:English atheists]]<br />
[[Category:English film actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English people of Russian descent]]<br />
[[Category:English radio actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English Shakespearean actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English stage actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English television actresses]]<br />
[[Category:English voice actresses]]<br />
[[Category:European Film Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:Golden Orange Honorary Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Honorary Golden Bear recipients]]<br />
[[Category:Laurence Olivier Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:National Youth Theatre members]]<br />
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:People from Hammersmith]]<br />
[[Category:People from Westcliff-on-Sea]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]]<br />
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners]]</div>SteveCrookhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helen_Mirren&diff=1062784227Helen Mirren2021-12-30T14:21:07Z<p>SteveCrook: Undid revision 1062777899 by Uby2111 (talk) READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR and it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term</p>
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<div>{{short description|English actress}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = [[Dame]]<br />
| name = Helen Mirren<br />
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}}<br />
| image = Helen Mirren-2208 (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Mirren in 2020<br />
| alt = Mirren at the 2020 Berlin International Film Festival<br />
| birth_name = Helen Lydia Mironoff<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1945|7|26}}<br />
| birth_place = [[London]], England<!--No boroughs/neighbourhoods, just cities per format.--><br />
| occupation = Actor<!-- READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR and it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term. It applies to women as well as to men (see article history) --><br />
| years_active = 1966–present<br />
| notable_works = [[Helen Mirren on screen and stage|Acting credits]]<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Taylor Hackford]]|31 December 1997}}<br />
| relatives = [[Tania Mallet]] (cousin)<br />
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Full list]]<br />
| website = {{url|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dame Helen Lydia Mirren''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} ({{nee|'''Mironoff'''}}; born 26 July 1945) is an English<!--as per [[MOS:BIO]]; became notable as English and not British-American--> actress<!--PLEASE READ THE NOTE. Helen Mirren prefers to call herself an ACTOR: it's a GENDER NEUTRAL term, it applies to women as well as to men (see article history) -->. The recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|numerous accolades]], she is the only person to achieve the [[Triple Crown of Acting]] in both the US and the UK, winning an [[Academy Award]] and a [[British Academy Film Award]] for her portrayal of [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'', a [[Tony Award]] and a [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for the same role in ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]'', three [[British Academy Television Awards]] for her performance as DCI Jane Tennison in ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', and four [[Primetime Emmy Awards]], including two for ''Prime Suspect''.<br />
<br />
Excelling on stage with the [[National Youth Theatre]], Mirren's performance as [[Cleopatra]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' in 1965 saw her invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] before she made her [[West End theatre|West End]] stage debut in 1975. Since then, Mirren has also had success in television and film. Aside from her Academy Award-winning performance, Mirren's other Oscar-nominated performances were for ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001), and ''[[The Last Station]]'' (2009). For her role on ''Prime Suspect'', which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] (1992, 1993 and 1994), a joint-record of consecutive wins shared with [[Julie Walters]], and two [[Primetime Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/helen-mirren |title=Helen Mirren |website=[[Emmy Award]] |access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref> Playing [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), and [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in the film ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), she is the only actor to have portrayed both the ''regnant'' Elizabeths on screen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Helen Mirren, at 75, remains the queen of acting |url=https://www.dw.com/en/why-helen-mirren-at-75-remains-the-queen-of-acting/a-52429296 |access-date=20 October 2020 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle|DW]]}}</ref><br />
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After her breakthrough film role in ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980), other notable film roles included ''[[Cal (1984 film)|Cal]]'' (1984), for which she won the [[Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress]], ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover]]'' (1989), ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003), ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'' (2012), ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' (2014), ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'' (2015), ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'' (2015), and ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' (2017). She also appeared in the action films ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'' (2010) and ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]'' (2013) playing an ex-[[MI6]] assassin, and in the ''[[Fast & Furious]]'' films ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'' (2017), ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]'' (2019), and ''[[F9 (film)|F9]]'' (2021).<br />
<br />
In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]].<ref name="Damehood">{{London Gazette|issue=56963|supp=y|page=7 |date=14 June 2003}}</ref><ref name="Ceremony">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |title=Dame Helen centre stage at palace |date=5 December 2003 |website=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725070213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3294531.stm |archive-date=25 July 2012}}</ref> In 2013 she was awarded a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]],<ref name="Walk of fame">{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |title=Helen Mirren Gets Hollywood Walk of Fame Star |date=4 January 2013 |website=[[Sky News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116224406/http://news.sky.com/story/1033143/helen-mirren-gets-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> and in 2014 she received the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] for lifetime achievement from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]].<ref name="bafta.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/film/awards/helen-mirren-fellowship-2014,4076,BA.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren&nbsp;– BAFTA Fellow in 2014 |date=26 January 2014 |website=BAFTA |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> In 2021, she was announced as the recipient of the [[Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grater |first1=Tom |title=Helen Mirren To Receive SAG Life Achievement Award |url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/helen-mirren-sag-life-achievement-award-1234876685/ |website=Deadline |access-date=November 20, 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life and education==<br />
<!-- Although it is common to have an 'a' at the end of a woman's patronymic, when Russian families moved to the UK, they often "froze" their surnames and didn't follow the old patronymic rules any more. The same applies to other nationalities like Icelandic and those from Nordic countries. Had she been born in Russia, Helen Mirren likely would have been named Yelena or Ilyena Vasilyeva Mironova. But she was born in the UK and was named Helen Lydia Mironoff --><br />
Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff at [[Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital]] in the [[Hammersmith]] district of [[London]]<ref name=birth>{{Cite web |url=http://search.findmypast.com/record?id=bmd%2fb%2f1945%2f3%2faz%2f000858%2f014 |title=England & Wales births 1837–2006 Transcription |website=[[Findmypast]] |access-date=6 June 2016 |quote=Her birth was registered in the Hammersmith registration district |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/whenever-i-see-the-queen-i-think-oh-there-i-am-the-right-royal-progress-of-helen-mirren-8527736.html |title='Whenever I see the Queen, I think, "Oh ... there I am"': The right royal progress of Helen Mirren |first=Neil |last=Norman |date=10 March 2013 |newspaper=The Independent |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> on 26 July 1945,<ref name="biography.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/helen-mirren-547434 |title=Helen Mirren Biography: Actress (1945–) |website=[[Biography.com]] |publisher=[[FYI (TV network)|FYI]]/[[A&E Networks]] |access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=ker>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/02/061002fa_fact1 |title=Command Performance: The reign of Helen Mirren |last=Lahr |first=John |date=2 October 2006 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=24 October 2010}}</ref> to an English mother and Russian father.<ref name=nationsmemory>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |title=Helen Mirren |website=Nation's Memorybank |access-date=5 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207044313/http://www.nationsmemorybank.com/editorial/family_article_2.html |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref> Her mother, Kathleen "Kitty" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (née Rogers; 1909–1996), was a working-class woman from [[West Ham]], the thirteenth of fourteen children born to a butcher whose own father had been the butcher to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name=nationsmemory/>{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=34}} Her father, Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913–1980), was a member of an exiled family of the [[Russian nobility]]; he had been taken to England at age two by his father, Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov.<ref name=nationsmemory/> Pyotr, who owned a family estate near Gzhatsk (now [[Gagarin, Smolensk Oblast|Gagarin]]), was part of the Russian aristocracy. Pyotr's mother, Mirren's great-grandmother, was Countess Lydia Andreevna Kamenskaya, aristocrat and a descendant of [[Mikhail Kamensky|Count Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky]], a prominent Russian general in the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=ker/><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/socal/la-canada-valley-sun/news/tn-vsl-xpm-2006-09-28-lap-queen0921-story.html | title=Behind the Scene:God Save The Queen | date=28 September 2006 | work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | access-date=12 February 2020 | first=Susan E. | last=James}}</ref> He served as a colonel in the [[Imperial Russian Army]] and fought in the 1904 [[Russo-Japanese War]]. Pyotr later became a diplomat and was negotiating an arms deal in Britain when he and his family were stranded by the [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917.<ref name="NYTJacobs">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/arts/television/helen-mirren-catherine.html | title=Helen Mirren Plays Catherine II in the Years That Made Her 'the Great' | date=21 October 2019 | work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=12 February 2020 | first=Julia | last=Jacobs}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/archives/mrn.htm |title=Pyotr Vasilievich Mironov Collection: The Russian Government Committee in London (1914–1939) |date=11 September 2009 |website=University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies Library |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> The former diplomat settled down in England, and became a London cab driver to support his family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/helen-mirrens-in-the-prime-of-life-7239430.html |title=Helen Mirren's in the prime of life |date=13 July 2017 |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Vasily also worked as a cab driver and then played the viola with the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] before [[World War II]].<ref name=nationsmemory/> During the war, he worked as an ambulance driver and served in the [[East End of London]] during [[the Blitz]].{{sfn|Mirren|2011|p=22}} He and Kathleen married in Hammersmith in 1938, and at some point before 1951 he anglicised his name to Basil.<ref name=Gazette/> After the birth of Helen, Basil left the orchestra and returned to cab-driving in order to support the family. He later worked as a driving-test examiner, before becoming a civil servant with the [[Department for Transport|Ministry of Transport]].<ref name="biography.com"/><ref name=nationsmemory/> In 1951, Basil changed the family name to Mirren by [[deed poll]].<ref name=Gazette>{{London Gazette |date=12 October 1951 |issue=39356 | page= 5331 |supp=y}}</ref> Mirren considers her upbringing to have been "very anti-monarchist".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |title=Helen Mirren, British Royal Tea? |first=Natalie |last=Finn |date=26 February 2007 |website=E! Online |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012090005/http://eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=4df5110c-c5e5-4f0c-a381-4da43eb264cc |archive-date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> She was the second of three children, born between older sister Katherine ("Kate"; born 1942) and younger brother Peter Basil (1947–2002).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://entertainment.inquirer.net/189510/helen-mirren-fondly-remembers-late-costar-alan-rickman |title=Helen Mirren fondly remembers late costar Alan Rickman |last=Nepales |first=Ruben V. |date=7 February 2016 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Her paternal cousin was [[Tania Mallet]], a model and [[Bond girl]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47772012 |title=Goldfinger actress dies aged 77 |date=1 April 2019 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Mirren was brought up in [[Leigh-on-Sea]], Essex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |title=Helen Mirren interview |last=Piccalo |first=Gina |date=7 February 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=6 November 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren attended Hamlet Court primary school in [[Westcliff-on-Sea]], where she had the lead role in a school production of ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]'',{{sfn|Mirren|2011|pp=47–48}}<ref name=autobiography>{{cite book |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |first=Helen |last=Mirren |date=25 March 2008 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London, UK |isbn=978-1-41656-760-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/inframemylifeinw0000mirr }}</ref> and [[St Bernard's High School for Girls]] in [[Southend-on-Sea]], where she also acted in school productions. She then attended a teaching college, the [[Middlesex University|New College of Speech and Drama]] in London, "housed within [[Anna Pavlova]]'s old home, Ivy House" on North End Road, which runs from [[Hampstead]] to [[Golders Green]]. At age eighteen, she auditioned for the [[National Youth Theatre]] (NYT) and was accepted. At twenty, she played [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra]] in the NYT production of ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Old Vic]], a role which Mirren says "launched my career",<ref>{{cite news |title=Fame Academy: Where Daniel Craig, Helen Mirren and Colin Firth learned to act |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/theatre/actors/fame-academy-where-daniel-craig-helen-mirren-and-colin-firth-lea/ |access-date=22 April 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> and led to her signing with agent [[Albert Parker (director)|Al Parker]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Waterman |first=Ivan |date=2003 |title=Helen Mirren: The Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Metro Books |pages=[https://archive.org/details/helenmirren00ivan/page/18 18–22, 26–29] |isbn=1843580535 }}</ref><br />
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==Theatre career==<br />
===Early years===<br />
As a result of her work for the National Youth Theatre, Mirren was invited to join the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (RSC). While with the RSC, she played Castiza in [[Trevor Nunn]]'s 1966 staging of ''[[The Revenger's Tragedy]]'', Diana in ''[[All's Well That Ends Well]]'' (1967), Cressida in ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'' (1968), Rosalind<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |title=Helen Mirren – Biography |website=TalkTalk.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233618/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/helen-mirren/biography/39?page=5 |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> in ''[[As You Like It]]'' (1968), Julia in ''[[The Two Gentlemen of Verona]]'' (1970), Tatiana in [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]]'s ''Enemies'' at the [[Aldwych Theatre|Aldwych]] (1971), and the title role in ''[[Miss Julie]]'' at [[The Other Place (theatre)|The Other Place]] (1971). She also appeared in four productions, directed by [[Braham Murray]] for Century Theatre at the University Theatre in Manchester, between 1965 and 1967.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Braham |author-link=Braham Murray |date=2007 |title=The Worst It Can Be Is a Disaster |location=London, UK |publisher=Methuen Drama |isbn=978-0-7136-8490-2}}</ref><br />
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In 1970, the director and producer [[John Goldschmidt]] made a documentary film, ''Doing Her Own Thing'', about Mirren during her time with the Royal Shakespeare Company. Made for [[Associated TeleVision|ATV]], it was shown on the ITV network in the UK. In 1972 and 1973, Mirren worked with [[Peter Brook]]'s International Centre for Theatre Research and joined the group's tour in North Africa and the US, during which they created ''[[The Conference of the Birds]]''. She then rejoined the RSC, playing [[Lady Macbeth]] at [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre|Stratford]] in 1974 and at the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in 1975.<br />
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[[Sally Beauman]] reported, in her 1982 history of the RSC, that Mirren — while appearing in Nunn's ''Macbeth'' (1974), and in a letter to ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper — had sharply criticised both the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and the RSC for their lavish production expenditure, declaring it "unnecessary and destructive to the art of the Theatre", and adding, "The realms of truth, emotion and imagination reached for in acting a great play have become more and more remote, often totally unreachable across an abyss of costume and technicalities..." This started a big debate, and led to a question in parliament. There were no discernible repercussions for this rebuke of the RSC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/jul/23/helen-mirren-at-75-michael-billington |title=Helen Mirren at 75: wild costumes, blazing performances – and a spell as a rock banshee |newspaper=The Guardian |author=Michael Billington |date= 23 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Beauman |first=Sally |author-link=Sally Beauman |date=1982 |title=The Royal Shakespeare Company: A History of Ten Decades |url=https://archive.org/details/royalshakespeare00sall |url-access=registration |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19212-209-4}}</ref><br />
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===West End and RSC===<br />
At the [[West End theatre|West End]]'s [[Royal Court Theatre]] in September 1975, she played the role of a rock star named Maggie in ''[[Teeth 'n' Smiles (play)|Teeth 'n' Smiles]]'', a musical play by [[David Hare (dramatist)|David Hare]]; she reprised the role the following year in a revival of the play at [[Wyndham's Theatre]] in May 1976.<br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren at Met Opera.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the opening of the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in 2008]]<br />
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Beginning in November 1975, Mirren played in West End repertory with the Lyric Theatre Company as Nina in ''[[The Seagull]]'' and Ella in [[Ben Travers]]'s new farce ''The Bed Before Yesterday'' ("Mirren is stirringly voluptuous as the [[Jean Harlow|Harlowesque]] good-time girl": [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]], ''The Guardian''). At the RSC in Stratford in 1977, and at the Aldwych the following year, she played a steely Queen Margaret in [[Terry Hands]]' production of the three parts of ''[[Henry VI (play)|Henry VI]]'', while 1979 saw her 'bursting with grace', and winning acclaim for her performance as Isabella in [[Peter Gill (playwright)|Peter Gill]]'s production of ''[[Measure for Measure]]'' at [[Riverside Studios]].<br />
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In 1981, she returned to the Royal Court for the London premiere of [[Brian Friel]]'s ''[[Faith Healer]]''. That same year she also won acclaim for her performance in the title role of [[John Webster]]'s ''[[The Duchess of Malfi]]'', a production of Manchester's [[Royal Exchange, Manchester|Royal Exchange Theatre]] which was later transferred to [[The Roundhouse]] in [[Chalk Farm]], London. Reviewing her portrayal for ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'', [[Francis King]] wrote: "Miss Mirren never leaves it in doubt that even in her absences, this ardent, beautiful woman is the most important character of the story." In her performance as Moll Cutpurse in ''[[The Roaring Girl]]''—at the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre]] in January 1983, and at the [[Barbican Theatre]] in April 1983—she was described as having "swaggered through the action with radiant singularity of purpose, filling in areas of light and shade that even [[Thomas Middleton]] and [[Thomas Dekker (poet)|Thomas Dekker]] omitted."&nbsp;– [[Michael Coveney]], ''[[Financial Times]]'', April 1983.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Philip |title=Becoming Helen Mirren |date=2019 |publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd}}</ref><br />
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At the beginning of 1989, Mirren co-starred with [[Bob Peck]] at the [[Young Vic]] in the London premiere of the [[Arthur Miller]] double-bill, ''Two Way Mirror'', performances which prompted Miller to remark: "What is so good about English actors is that they are not afraid of the open expression of large emotions. British actors like to speak. In London, there’s a much more open-hearted kind of exchange between stage and audience" (interview by [[Sheridan Morley]]: ''[[The Times]]'' 11 January 1989).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bigsby |first1=Christopher |title=Arthur Miller: 1962-2005 |date=2011 |publisher=Hachette UK}}</ref> In ''[[Elegy for a Lady]]'' she played the svelte proprietress of a classy boutique, while as the blonde hooker in ''[[Some Kind of Love Story]]'' she was "clad in a Freudian slip and shifting easily from waif-like vulnerability to sexual aggression, giving the role a breathy Monroesque quality" (Michael Billington, ''The Guardian'').<ref>{{cite news |title=The Guardian from London, Greater London, England on January 25, 1989 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259882155/ |access-date=22 October 2020 |agency=Newspapers.com}}</ref><br />
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On 15 February 2013, at the West End's [[Gielgud Theatre]] she began a turn as [[Elizabeth II]] in the World Premiere of [[Peter Morgan]]'s ''[[The Audience (2013 play)|The Audience]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |title=The Audience |website=Hit The Theatre.co.uk |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232730/http://www.hitthetheatre.co.uk/showEvent.php?cat=&&id=3613 |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> The show was directed by [[Stephen Daldry]]. In April she was named best actress at the [[Olivier Awards]] for her role.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |title=Helen Mirren crowned queen of the stage |date=30 April 2013 |website=[[3 News]] |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233730/http://www.3news.co.nz/Helen-Mirren-crowned-queen-of-the-stage/tabid/418/articleID/296008/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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===Broadway debut===<br />
A further stage breakthrough came in 1994, in an [[Yvonne Arnaud Theatre]] production bound for the West End, when [[Bill Bryden]] cast her as Natalya Petrovna in [[Ivan Turgenev]]'s ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''. Her co-stars were [[John Hurt]] as her aimless lover Rakitin and [[Joseph Fiennes]] in only his second professional stage appearance as the cocksure young tutor Belyaev.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Month in the Country |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=4 March 1994 |newspaper=[[Richmond & Twickenham Times]] |quote=Instead of a bored Natalya fretting the summer away in dull frocks, Mirren, dazzlingly gowned, is a woman almost wilfully allowing her heart's desire for her son's young tutor to rule her head and wreak domestic havoc....Creamy shoulders bared, she feels free to launch into a gloriously enchanted, dreamily comic self-confession of love.}}</ref><br />
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Prior to 2015, Mirren had twice been nominated for Broadway's [[Tony Award]] for Best Actress in a Play: in 1995 for her Broadway debut in ''[[A Month in the Country (play)|A Month in the Country]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/26/theater/theater-review-turgenev-s-inquiry-into-calamitous-love.html |title=Theater Review; Turgenev's Inquiry Into Calamitous Love |last=Canby |first=Vincent |date=26 April 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019 |quote=Miss Mirren's performance is bigger and more animated than the one she gave last year in an entirely different London production.}}</ref> and then again in 2002 for ''[[The Dance of Death (Strindberg)|The Dance of Death]]'', co-starring with Sir [[Ian McKellen]], their fraught rehearsal period coinciding with the terrorist attacks on New York on 11 September 2001.<ref name=autobiography/><br />
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On 7 June 2015‚ Mirren won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play‚ for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth II in ''The Audience'' (a performance which also won her the [[Laurence Olivier Award]] for Best Actress). Her Tony Award win made her one of the few actors to achieve the US “[[Triple Crown of Acting#Helen Mirren|Triple Crown of Acting]]”, joining the ranks of acclaimed performers including [[Ingrid Bergman]]‚ Dame [[Maggie Smith]], and [[Al Pacino]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |work=Huffington Post |title=7 reasons to love Helen Mirren on her 70th birthday |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023072002/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/5-reasons-we-want-to-celebrate-helen-mirrens-70th-birthday-with-her_55b0f7d4e4b08f57d5d3c417 |archive-date=23 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
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===National Theatre===<br />
In 1998, Mirren played [[Cleopatra]] to [[Alan Rickman]]'s [[Mark Antony|Antony]] in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]. The production received poor reviews; ''[[The Guardian]]'' called it "plodding spectacle rarely informed by powerful passion", while ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' said "the crucial sexual chemistry on which any great production ultimately depends is fatally absent".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-case-of-hype-and-fall-as-rickman-and-mirren-are-put-to-the-sword-1180144.html |title=A case of hype and fall as Rickman and Mirren are put to the sword |last=Lister |first=David |date=23 October 1998 |newspaper=The Independent |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2000 [[Nicholas Hytner]], who had worked with Mirren on the film version of ''[[The Madness of King George]]'', cast her as Lady Torrance in his revival of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[Orpheus Descending]]'' at the [[Donmar Warehouse]] in London. Michael Billington, reviewing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', described her performance as "an exemplary study of an immigrant woman who has acquired a patina of resilient toughness but who slowly acknowledges her sensuality."<ref>{{cite news |title=Southern discomfort |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2000/jun/29/artsfeatures4 |access-date=22 April 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><br />
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At the National Theatre in November 2003 she again won praise playing Christine Mannon ("defiantly cool, camp and skittish", ''[[Evening Standard]]''; "glows with mature sexual allure", ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'') in a revival of [[Eugene O'Neill]]'s ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]'' directed by [[Howard Davies (Theatre Director)|Howard Davies]]. "This production was one of the best experiences of my professional life, The play was four and a half hours long, and I have never known that kind of response from an audience ... It was the serendipity of a beautifully cast play, with great design and direction, It will be hard to be in anything better."<ref name=autobiography/> She played the title role in [[Jean Racine]]'s ''[[Phèdre]]'' at the National in 2009, in a production directed by [[Nicholas Hytner]]. The production was also staged at the [[Epidaurus#Theatre|Epidaurus amphitheatre]] on 11 and 12 July 2009.<br />
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==Film career==<br />
Mirren has appeared in a large number of films throughout her career. Some of her earlier film appearances include roles in [[Herostratus (film)|Herostratus]] (1967) Dir. Don Levy, ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)|Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' (1968), ''[[Age of Consent (film)|Age of Consent]]'' (1969), ''[[O Lucky Man!]]'' (1973), ''[[Caligula (film)|Caligula]]'' (1979),<ref name="VF2015" /><ref name="peop_Hele" /> ''[[The Long Good Friday]]'' (1980)—co-starring with [[Bob Hoskins]] in what was her breakthrough film role,<ref name="BBC 2014">“Dame Helen Mirren to receive Bafta fellowship”. BBC News. (27 January 2014). Retrieved 22 April 2020</ref> ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981), ''[[2010 (film)|2010]]'' (1984), ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985), ''[[The Mosquito Coast (film)|The Mosquito Coast]]'' (1986), ''[[Pascali's Island (film)|Pascali's Island]]'' (1988) and ''[[When the Whales Came]]'' (1989). She appeared in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994), ''[[Some Mother's Son]]'' (1996), ''[[Painted Lady (mini series)|Painted Lady]]'' (1997) and ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998).<ref name="Mirren roles"/> In [[Peter Greenaway]]'s colorful ''[[The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover]]'', Mirren plays the wife opposite [[Michael Gambon]]. In ''[[Teaching Mrs. Tingle]]'' (1999), she plays sadistic history teacher Mrs Eve Tingle.<ref name="Mirren roles">{{cite news |title=All Helen Mirren's 61 movies|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/nov/02/all-helen-mirrens-61-movies-ranked |access-date=23 April 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><br />
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In 2007, she claimed that the director [[Michael Winner]] had treated her "like a piece of meat" at a [[casting call]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10033802/David-Cameron-keeps-his-distance-from-film-director-Michael-Winner.html |title=David Cameron keeps his distance from film director Michael Winner |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=3 May 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> Asked about the incident, Winner told ''[[The Guardian]]'': "I don't remember asking her to turn around but if I did I wasn't being serious. I was only doing what the [casting] agent asked me&nbsp;– and for this I get reviled! Helen's a lovely person, she's a great actress and I'm a huge fan, but her memory of that moment is a little flawed."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |title=Susan Sarandon, Gwyneth Paltrow, Charlize Theron & More Casting Couch Horror Stories |date=16 November 2012 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=20 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020104842/http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/10/16/susan-sarandon-gwyneth-paltrow-charlize-theron-more-casting-couch-horror-stories-photos.html |archive-date=20 October 2012}}</ref><br />
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Mirren continued her successful film career when she starred more recently in ''[[Gosford Park]]'' (2001) with [[Maggie Smith]] and ''[[Calendar Girls]]'' (2003) with [[Julie Walters]]. Other more recent appearances include ''[[The Clearing (film)|The Clearing]]'' (2004), ''[[Pride (2004 film)|Pride]]'' (2004), ''[[Raising Helen]]'' (2004), and ''[[Shadowboxer]]'' (2005). Mirren also provided the voice for the supercomputer "[[Minor characters from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|Deep Thought]]" in the film adaptation of [[Douglas Adams]]'s ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' (2005). During her career, she has portrayed three British queens in different films and television series: [[Elizabeth I]] in the television series ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'' (2005), [[Elizabeth II]] in ''[[The Queen (2006 film)|The Queen]]'' (2006), and [[Queen Charlotte|Charlotte]] in ''[[The Madness of King George]]'' (1994). She is the only actor to have portrayed both Queens Elizabeth on the screen.<ref name="BBC 2014"/><br />
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Mirren's title role of ''The Queen'' earned her numerous acting awards including a [[BAFTA]], a [[Golden Globe]], and an [[Academy Award]], among many others. During her acceptance speech at the Academy Award ceremony, she praised and thanked Elizabeth II and stated that she had maintained her dignity and weathered many storms during her reign. Mirren later appeared in supporting roles in the films ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]'', ''[[Inkheart (film)|Inkheart]]'', ''[[State of Play (film)|State of Play]]'', and ''[[The Last Station]]'', for which she was nominated for an Oscar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |title=Nominees & Winners for the 82nd Academy Awards |date=24 August 2012 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5p6kTm4hN?url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html |archive-date=19 April 2010}}</ref><br />
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===2000–2009===<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren at the Orange British Academy Film Awards.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren at the [[60th British Academy Film Awards]] in 2007, where she won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|BAFTA Award for Best Actress]]]]<br />
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Mirren's first film of the 2000s was [[Joel Hershman]]'s ''[[Greenfingers]]'' (2000), a comedy based on the true story about the prisoners of [[Leyhill Prison|HMP Leyhill]], a minimum-security prison, who won gardening awards.<ref name="Deitz">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/16/garden/free-to-grow-bluebells-in-england.html |title=Free to Grow Bluebells in England |last=Deitz |first=Paula |date=16 July 1998 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=13 |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren portrayed a devoted plantswoman in the film, who coaches a team of prison gardeners, led by [[Clive Owen]], to victory at a prestigious flower show.<ref name="Ramsey">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/22/movies/film-never-too-tough-to-be-softened-up-by-a-flower.html |title=Film; Never Too Tough to Be Softened Up by a Flower |last=Ramsey |first=Nancy |page=22 |date=22 July 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> The project received lukewarm reviews, which suggested that it added "nothing new to this already saturated genre" of [[Britcom|British feel-good films]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/greenfingers/ |title=Greenfingers (2000) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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The same year, she began work on the mystery film ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'', [[Sean Penn]]'s third directorial effort, in which she played a child psychologist. A critical success,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1104203-pledge |title=The Pledge (2001) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> the [[ensemble film]] tanked at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/entertainment/1332122.stm |title=US directors laud Cannes audiences |date=15 May 2001 |website=BBC News |access-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> Also that year, she filmed the American-Icelandic satirical drama ''[[No Such Thing (film)|No Such Thing]]'' opposite [[Sarah Polley]]. Directed by [[Hal Hartley]], Mirren portrayed a soulless television producer in the film, who strives for sensationalistic stories. It was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/no_such_thing/ |title=No Such Thing (2001) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref><br />
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Her biggest critical and commercial success, released in 2001, became [[Robert Altman]]'s all-star ensemble mystery film ''[[Gosford Park]]''. A [[homage (arts)|homage]] to writer [[Agatha Christie]]'s [[whodunit]] style, the story follows a party of wealthy Britons and an American, and their servants, who gather for a shooting weekend at an [[English country house]], resulting in an unexpected murder. It received multiple awards and nominations, including a second [[Academy Award]] nomination and first [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role|Screen Actors Guild Award]] win for Mirren's portrayal of the sternly devoted head servant Mrs. Wilson.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/gosford-park-big-winner-article-1.485902 |title='Gosford Park' Big Winner |first=Jack |last=Mathews |date=11 March 2002 |newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |access-date=22 February 2016}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Fred Schepisi]]'s dramedy film ''[[Last Orders (film)|Last Orders]]'' opposite [[Michael Caine]] and [[Bob Hoskins]].<ref name="Mirren roles"/><br />
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In 2003, Mirren starred in [[Nigel Cole]]'s comedy ''[[Calendar Girls]]'', inspired by the true story of a group of [[Yorkshire]] women who produced a [[nude calendar]] to raise money for [[Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research|Leukaemia Research]] under the auspices of the [[Women's Institutes]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/12/23/earlyshow/leisure/main590034.shtml |title=Helen Mirren's ''Calendar Girls'' |first=Rome |last=Neal |date=24 December 2003 |website=[[CBS News]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> Mirren initially was reluctant to join the project, dismissing it as another middling British picture,<ref name="mc1">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504225925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8ul00awHo&feature=related| archive-date=2017-05-04|title=2009&nbsp;– Movie Connections&nbsp;– Calendar Girls (2/4) |author=[[Movie Connections]] |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> but rethought her decision upon learning of the casting of co-star [[Julie Walters]].<ref name="mc1"/> The film was generally well received by critics, and grossed $96 million worldwide.<ref name="bom">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=calendargirls.htm |title=Calendar Girls (2003) |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, the picture earned [[Satellite Award|Satellite]], [[Golden Globe]], and [[European Film Award]] nominations for Mirren.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0337909/awards |title=Awards for ''Calendar Girls'' |website=Internet Movie Database |access-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> Her other film that year was the [[Showtime Networks|Showtime]] television film ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' opposite [[Olivier Martinez]], and [[Anne Bancroft]], based on the 1950 novel of the same title by [[Tennessee Williams]].<br />
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===2010–2014===<br />
In 2010, Mirren appeared in five films. In ''[[Love Ranch]]'', directed by her husband [[Taylor Hackford]], she portrayed [[Joe Conforte|Sally Conforte]], one half of a married couple who opened the first legal [[brothel]] in the US, the [[Mustang Ranch]] in [[Storey County, Nevada]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2010/04/helen_mirrens_brothel_movie_to.html |title=Helen Mirren's Brothel Movie to Open |last=Brown |first=Lane |date=6 April 2010 |magazine=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> Mirren starred in the principal role of [[Prospero|Prospera]], the duchess of [[Milan]], in [[Julie Taymor]]'s ''[[The Tempest (2010 film)|The Tempest]]''. This was based on the [[The Tempest|play of the same name]] by [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]; Taymor changed the original character's gender to cast Mirren as her lead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |title=Mirren 'to star in Tempest film' |date=8 October 2008 |website=BBC News |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5s5JwHeIV?url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7658628.stm |archive-date=18 August 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While the actor garnered strong reviews for her portrayal, the film itself was largely panned by critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tempest |title=The Tempest (2010) |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=27 January 2010}}</ref><br />
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[[File:Helen Mirren by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren at the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]<br />
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Mirren played a gutsy tea-shop owner who tries to save one of her young employees from marrying a teenage killer in [[Rowan Joffé]]'s ''[[Brighton Rock (2010 film)|Brighton Rock]]'', a [[crime film]] loosely based on [[Graham Greene]]'s 1938 [[Brighton Rock (novel)|novel]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |title=Helen Mirren: Interview |first=Ben |last=Walters |date=2 June 2015 |magazine=Time Out |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128223000/http://www.au.timeout.com/sydney/film/features/9106/helen-mirren?DCMP=OTC-RSS- |archive-date=28 January 2016 }}</ref> The [[film noir]] [[Film premiere|premiered]] at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] in September 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |title=At TIFF: ''Brighton Rock'' Extends the Graham Greene Adaptation Curse |first=Michelle |last=Orange |date=13 September 2010 |website=Movieline.com |access-date=27 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916205701/http://www.movieline.com/2010/09/at-tiff-brighton-rock-extends-the-graham-greene-adaptation-curse.php |archive-date=16 September 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> where it received mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/movies/brighton-rock-film-of-graham-greene-novel-review.html |title=A Meek Rose Amid the Mods and Rockers in an English Resort Town |first=Stephen |last=Holden |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=25 August 2011 |website= The New York Times |access-date=27 August 2011}}</ref> Mirren's biggest critical and commercial success of the year was [[Robert Schwentke]]'s ensemble action comedy ''[[Red (2010 film)|Red]]'', based on [[Warren Ellis]]’s graphic novel, in which she portrayed Victoria, an ex-[[MI6]] assassin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |title=Casting Notes: Alan Cumming in Burlesque; Mirren Does Espionage; Dempsey Steals Laughs; Weaver and Shawkat Hit Cedar Rapids |first=Russ |last=Fischer |date=4 November 2009 |website=[[/Film]] |access-date=19 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120911192241/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/11/04/casting-notes-alan-cumming-in-burlesque-mirren-does-espionage-dempsey-steals-laughs-weaver-and-shawkat-hit-cedar-rapids/ |archive-date=11 September 2012}}</ref> Mirren was initially hesitant to sign on due to film's graphic violence, but changed her mind upon learning of [[Bruce Willis]]' involvement.<ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b783e5fe-d7e5-11df-b044-00144feabdc0.html/ |title=Majestic Mirren |first=Emanuel |last=Levy |date=15 October 2010 |newspaper=Financial Times |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Released to positive reviews, it grossed $186.5 million worldwide.<ref name="mojo" >{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2010.htm |title=RED (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=25 March 2011}}</ref> Also in 2010, the actor lent her voice to [[Zack Snyder]]'s computer-animated fantasy film ''[[Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole]]'', voicing [[antagonist]] Nyra, a leader of a group of owls. The film grossed $140.1 million on an $80 million budget.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=guardiansofgahoole.htm |title=Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=15 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's next film was the comedy film ''[[Arthur (2011 film)|Arthur]]'', a remake of the 1981 [[Arthur (1981 film)|film of the same name]], starring [[Russell Brand]] in the lead role. ''Arthur'' received generally negative reviews from critics, who declared it an "irritating, unnecessary remake."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/arthur_2011/ |title=Arthur (2011) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> In preparation for her role as a retired Israeli [[Mossad]] agent in the film ''[[The Debt (2011 film)|The Debt]]'', Mirren reportedly immersed herself in studies of Hebrew language, Jewish history, and [[Holocaust]] writing, including the life of [[Simon Wiesenthal]], while in Israel in 2009 for the filming of some of the movie's scenes. The film is a remake of a [[The Debt (2007 film)|2007 Israeli film of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/mirren-learning-hebrew-for-movie-role_1096343 |title=Mirren Learning Hebrew For Movie Role |date=27 February 2009 |website=ContactMusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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In 2012, Mirren played [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s wife [[Alma Reville]] in the 2012 biopic ''[[Hitchcock (film)|Hitchcock]]'', directed by [[Sacha Gervasi]] and based on [[Stephen Rebello]]'s non-fiction book ''[[Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho]]''. The film centres on the pair's relationship during the making of ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'', a controversial [[horror film]] that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker's career. It became a moderate arthouse success and garnered a lukewarm critical response from critics, who felt that it suffered from "tonal inconsistency and a lack of truly insightful retrospection."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/hitchcock |title=Hitchcock (2012) |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> Mirren was universally praised for her play however, with [[Roger Ebert]] noting that the film depended most on her portrayal, which he found to be "warm and effective."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20121120/REVIEWS/121129996 |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=20 November 2012 |title=Hitchcock |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=21 November 2012}}</ref> Her other film that year was ''[[The Door (2012 film)|The Door]]'', a claustrophobic drama film directed by [[István Szabó]], based on the Hungarian novel of the same name. Set at the height of [[communist]] rule in 1960s Hungary, the story of the adaptation centres on the abrasive influence that a mysterious housekeeper wields over her employer and successful novelist, played [[Martina Gedeck]]. Mirren found the role "difficult to play" and cited doing it as "one of the hardest things [she has] ever done."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/mirren-steps-through-a-new-door-20120718-22ahn.html |title=Mirren steps through a new door |first=Philippa |last=Hawker |date=19 July 2012 |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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[[File:HelenMirrenHWOFJan2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Mirren receiving a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2013]]<br />
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The following year, Mirren replaced [[Bette Midler]] in [[David Mamet]]'s biographical television film ''[[Phil Spector (film)|Phil Spector]]'' about [[Phil Spector|the American musician]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/22/phil-spector-s-jersey-girl-lawyer-meet-the-real-linda-kenney-baden.html |title=Phil Spector's Jersey Girl Lawyer: Meet the Real Linda Kenney Baden |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |date=22 March 2013 |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> The [[HBO]] film focuses on the relationship between Spector and his defense attorney Linda Kenney Baden, played by Mirren, during the first of his two [[Phil Spector#Murder conviction|murder trials for the death in 2003]] of [[Lana Clarkson]] in his California mansion. ''Spector'' received largely mixed to positive reviews from critics, particularly for Mirren and co-star [[Al Pacino]]'s performances, and was nominated for eleven [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, also winning Mirren a [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie|Screen Actors Guild Award]] at the [[20th Screen Actors Guild Awards|20th awards ceremony]]. The film drew criticism both from Clarkson's family and friends, who charged that the suicide defense was given more merit than it deserved, and from Spector's wife, who argued that Spector was portrayed as a "foul-mouthed megalomaniac" and a "minotaur".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.salon.com/2013/03/15/friends_of_lana_clarkson_protest_hbo_film_phil_spector/ |title=Friends of Lana Clarkson protest HBO film "Phil Spector" |last=Gupta |first=Prachi |date=15 March 2013 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref> Also in 2013, Mirren voiced the character of Dean Abigail Hardscrabble in [[Pixar]]'s computer-animated comedy film ''[[Monsters University]]'', which grossed $743 million against its estimated budget of $200 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=monstersinc2.htm |title=Monsters University (2013) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=20 December 2013}}</ref> and reprised her role in the sequel film ''[[Red 2 (film)|Red 2]]''.<ref name="Mirren">{{cite web |url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |title=Helen Mirren Says She's Ready For 'Red' Sequel: 'Just Get Me The Script' |last=Warner |first=Kara |date=29 March 2011 |website=[[MTV News]] |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6B7a76z3q?url=http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/03/29/helen-mirren-red-movie-sequel/ |archive-date=2 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The action comedy received a mixed reviews from film critics, who called it a "lackadaisical sequel",<ref name="TheWrap">{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/red-2-review-bruce-willis-sequel-dies-hard-lands-dull-thud-102681 |title='Red 2' Review: Bruce Willis Sequel Dies Hard, Lands With Dull Thud |last=Gilchrist |first=Todd |date=15 July 2013 |website=[[The Wrap]] |access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref> but became another commercial success, making over $140 million worldwide.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |title=Red 2 (2013) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=red2.htm |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2014 was the comedy-drama ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' opposite the Indian actor [[Om Puri]]. Directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and produced by [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Oprah Winfrey]], the film is based on [[Richard C. Morais]]' 2010 novel [[The Hundred-Foot Journey|with the same name]] and tells the story of a feud between two adjacent restaurants in a French town. Mirren garnered largely positive reviews for her performance of a snobby restaurateur, a role which she accepted as she was keen to play a French character, reflecting her "pathetic attempt at being a French actress."<ref name="collider1">{{cite web |url=https://collider.com/helen-mirren-hundred-foot-journey-trumbo-interview/ |title=Helen Mirren Talks 'The Hundred-Foot Journey', Working with Om Puri, What She Looks For in Choosing Projects, 'Trumbo', and More |last1=Roberts |first1=Sheila |date=31 July 2014 |website=Collider |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The film earned her another [[Golden Globe]] nomination and became a modest commercial success, grossing $88.9 million worldwide.<ref name=BOM2>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=100foot.htm |title=The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
===2015–present===<br />
[[File:The Leisure Seeker 06 (36402080733).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mirren attending the premiere of ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'' at the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]<br />
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In 2015, Mirren reunited with her former assistant [[Simon Curtis (filmmaker)|Simon Curtis]] on ''[[Woman in Gold (film)|Woman in Gold]]'', co-starring [[Ryan Reynolds]].<ref name="collider1"/> The film was based on the true story of Jewish refugee [[Maria Altmann]], who, together with her young lawyer [[E. Randol Schoenberg|Randy Schoenberg]], fought the Austrian government to be reunited with [[Gustav Klimt]]'s painting of her aunt, the famous ''[[Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gustav-klimt-birthday-woman-in-gold_55a52d3de4b0a47ac15d61af |title=Gustav Klimt Painted Much More Than 'The Woman In Gold' |last1=Valentine |first1=Colin |date=14 July 2015 |website=Huffpost Arts & Culture |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics, although Mirren and Reynold's performances were widely praised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Woman in Gold (2015) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/woman_in_gold/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> A commercial success, ''Woman in Gold'' became one of the highest-grossing specialty films of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/the-20-highest-grossing-indies-of-2015-a-running-list-1 |title=The 20 Highest Grossing Indies of 2015 (A Running List) |first=Kate |last=Erbland |date=29 December 2015 |website=Indiewire |access-date=18 January 2016}}</ref> The same year, Mirren appeared in [[Gavin Hood]]'s thriller ''[[Eye in the Sky (2015 film)|Eye in the Sky]]'' (2015), in which she played as a military intelligence officer who leads a secret [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|drone]] mission to capture a terrorist group living in [[Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/aaron-paul-helen-mirren-join-colin-firth-in-thriller-eye-in-the-sky/ |title=Aaron Paul, Helen Mirren Join Colin Firth in Thriller 'Eye in the Sky' |last1=Sneider |first1=Jeff |date=16 May 2014 |website=The Wrap |access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> Mirren's last film that year was [[Jay Roach]]'s biographical drama ''[[Trumbo (2015 film)|Trumbo]]'', co-starring [[Bryan Cranston]] and [[Diane Lane]]. The actor played [[Hedda Hopper]], the famous actor and [[gossip columnist]], in the film, which received generally positive reviews from critics and garnered her a 14th Golden Globe nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/trumbo/ |title=Trumbo (2015) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's only film of 2016 was ''[[Collateral Beauty]]'', directed by [[David Frankel]]. Co-Starring [[Will Smith]], [[Keira Knightley]], and [[Kate Winslet]], the ensemble drama follows a man who copes with his daughter's death by writing letters to [[time]], [[death]], and [[love]]. The film earned largely negative reviews from critics, who called it "well-meaning but fundamentally flawed."<ref name="reviews">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/will-smith-collateral-beauty-lowest-box-office-opening-rotten-tomatoes-1201873153/ |title=How Critics' "Schoolyard Assault" On 'Collateral Beauty' Turned Ugly For Will Smith Pic |first=Anthony |last= D'Alessandro |date=18 December 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=reviews2>{{cite web |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/12/13/collateral-beauty-reviews-roundup/ |title=Collateral Beauty reviews: Will Smith movie slammed by critics |first=Danielle |last=Jackson |date=13 December 2016 |website=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref> In 2017, Mirren narrated ''[[Cries from Syria]]'', a [[documentary film]] about the [[Syrian Civil War]], directed by [[Evgeny Afineevsky]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/markets-festivals/hbo-cries-from-syria-1201957096/ |title=HBO Nabs 'Cries From Syria' Documentary Ahead of Sundance |first=Brent |last=Lang |date=10 January 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> Also that year, she made an uncredited [[cameo appearance]] in [[F. Gary Gray]]'s ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'', the eighth instalment in [[The Fast and the Furious|''The Fast and the Furious'' franchise]], playing Magdalene, the mother of Owen and [[Deckard Shaw]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1635570/how-helen-mirren-ended-up-in-the-fate-of-the-furious-according-to-vin-diesel |title=How Helen Mirren Ended Up In The Fate Of The Furious, According To Vin Diesel |first=Gregory |last=Wakeman |date=14 March 2017 |website=Cinemablend.com |access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref> Mirren had a larger role in director [[Paolo Virzì]]'s English-language debut ''[[The Leisure Seeker]]'', based on the [[The Leisure Seeker (novel)|2009 novel of the same name]]. On set, she was reunited with [[Donald Sutherland]] with whom she had not worked again since ''[[Bethune: The Making of a Hero]]'' (1990),<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/cannes-helen-mirren-and-donald-sutherland-to-topline-paolo-virzis-the-leisure-seeker-exclusive-1201772430/ |title=Cannes: Helen Mirren and Donald Sutherland to Topline Paolo Virzì's 'The Leisure Seeker' |first1=Nick |last1=Vivarelli |first2=Elsa |last2=Keslassy |date=12 May 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> portraying a terminally ill couple who escape from their retirement home and take one last cross-country adventure in a vintage van.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-donald-sutherland-team-up-for-the-leisure-seeker-cannes-1201754273/ |title=Helen Mirren & Donald Sutherland Team For 'The Leisure Seeker' – Cannes |first=Ali |last=Jaafar |date=12 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> At the [[75th Golden Globe Awards|75th awards ceremony]], Mirren received her 15th [[Golden Globe]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List |first=Rebecca |last=Rubin |date=11 December 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref><br />
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In 2018, Mirren portrayed heiress [[Sarah Winchester]] in the supernatural horror film ''[[Winchester (film)|Winchester]]'', directed by [[The Spierig Brothers]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/helen-mirren-takes-aim-at-playing-firearm-heiress-in-hot-cannes-package-winchester-1201755962/ |title=Helen Mirren Takes Aim At Playing Firearm Heiress In Hot Cannes Package 'Winchester' |first=Mike Jr. |last=Fleming |date=14 May 2016 |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref> In the same year, she starred as Mother Ginger in Disney's adaptation of ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', titled ''[[The Nutcracker and the Four Realms]]'', directed by [[Lasse Hallström]] and [[Joe Johnston]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/helen-mirren-nutcracker-disney-1201844942/ |title=Helen Mirren Joins Disney's 'The Nutcracker' |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=25 August 2016 |magazine=Variety |access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> In 2019, she appeared in the ensemble film ''[[Berlin, I Love You]]'', the French crime thriller film ''[[Anna (2019 feature film)|Anna]]'', directed and written by [[Luc Besson]], and co-starred in the ''Fast and the Furious'' spin-off ''[[Hobbs & Shaw]]''.<ref name="Oct2017V">{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/luc-besson-anna-helen-mirren-luke-evans-1202584144/ |title=Luc Besson Sets Next Film 'Anna' With Helen Mirren, Luke Evans |first1=Elsa |last1=Keslassy |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |date=9 October 2017 |magazine=Variety |access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> In March 2021, she was cast as the villain Hespera in the upcoming superhero film ''[[Shazam! Fury of the Gods]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=March 23, 2021 |title='Shazam: Fury Of The Gods': Helen Mirren To Play Villain Hespera In Sequel |url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323221810/https://deadline.com/2021/03/shazam-fury-of-the-gods-helen-mirren-villain-hespera-zachary-levi-1234720297/ |archive-date=March 23, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2021 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><br />
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Mirren is set to portray [[Golda Meir]], prime minister of Israel 1969–1974, in a [[biopic]] entitled ''[[Golda (film)|Golda]]''. As at April 2021 the film was in production.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Helen Mirren to Play Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir in Biopic Set During Yom Kippur War|url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2021/04/06/helen-mirren-to-play-israeli-prime-minister-golda-meir-in-biopic-set-during-yom-kippur-war/|access-date=2021-04-06|website=Algemeiner.com|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
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==Television career==<br />
=== ''Prime Suspect'' ===<br />
Mirren is known for her role as detective Jane Tennison in the widely viewed ''[[Prime Suspect]]'', a multiple award-winning television drama series that was noted for its high quality and popularity. Her portrayal of Tennison won her [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actress#1990s|three consecutive British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress]] between 1992 and 1994 (making her one of four actors to have received three consecutive [[BAFTA TV Awards]] for a role, alongside [[Robbie Coltrane]], [[Julie Walters]] and [[Michael Gambon]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/dame-helen-mirren-10-things-202365 |title=Dame Helen Mirren: 10 things you need to know about the Oscar nominated actress |date=18 February 2010 |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> Primarily due to ''Prime Suspect'', in 2006 Mirren came 29th on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]’s poll of [[TV's 50 Greatest Stars]] voted by the British public.<ref name="Poll">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5142726.stm|title=ITV to salute '50 greatest stars'|date=3 July 2006|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC Online]]|access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><br />
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=== Other roles ===<br />
Mirren's other television performances include ''[[Cousin Bette]]'' (1971); ''[[BBC Television Shakespeare|As You Like It]]'' (1979); ''[[Blue Remembered Hills]]'' (1979); ''[[The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' episode "[[Dead Woman's Shoes (The Twilight Zone)|Dead Woman's Shoes]]" (1985); ''[[The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)|The Passion of Ayn Rand]]'' (1999), where her performance won her an [[Emmy]]; ''[[Door to Door (film)|Door to Door]]'' (2002); and ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003 film)|The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' (2003). In 1976, she appeared with [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Alan Bates]] and [[Malcolm McDowell]] in a production of [[Harold Pinter]]'s ''[[The Collection (play)|The Collection]]'' as part of the ''[[Laurence Olivier Presents]]'' series. She also played [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in 2005, in the television serial ''[[Elizabeth I (2005 miniseries)|Elizabeth I]]'', for [[Channel 4]] and [[HBO]], for which she received an [[Emmy Award]] and a [[Golden Globe Award]]. Mirren won another Emmy Award on 16 September 2007 for her role in ''[[Prime Suspect|Prime Suspect: The Final Act]]'' on PBS in the same category as in 2006. Mirren hosted ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' on 9 April 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://watching-tv.ew.com/2011/04/10/saturday-night-live-helen-mirren-foo-fighters/ |title='Saturday Night Live' recap: Helen Mirren transcended a laugh-lite 'SNL' |last=Tucker |first=Ken |date=10 April 2011 |website=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><br />
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In April 2021, she took part in the [[music video]] "La Vacinada" (meaning ''the vaccinated woman'' in broken [[Spanish language]]) of Italian comedian and singer [[Checco Zalone]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/checco-zalone-pokes-fun-at-helen-mirrens-age-in-viral-video-9xgd0q99d|title=Checco Zalone pokes fun at Helen Mirren’s age in viral video|publisher=thetimes.co.uk|date=1 May 2021|access-date=2 May 2021}}</ref><br />
In said song and video, Zalone jokes about the fact that, in times of [[Covid-19 pandemic]], it is safer to have an [[affair]] with someone who has already been [[vaccinated]] against the [[virus]], and as [[the elderly]] get vaccinated first, a higher-aged partner (played by Mirren in the video) is now the best choice.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/30/helen-mirren-joins-italys-best-known-comic-light-hearted-sketch/|title='The Telegraph' recap: Helen Mirren joins Italy's best known comic in light-hearted sketch to promote Covid-19 vaccine |last=Squires|first=Nick|date=30 April 2021 |website=The Telegraph |access-date=30 April 2021}}</ref><br />
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==Personal life==<br />
[[File:Helen Mirren figure at Madame Tussauds London.jpg|thumb|upright|Waxwork of Mirren at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]<br />
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Mirren lived with Northern Irish actor [[Liam Neeson]] during the early 1980s; they met while working on ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' (1981). When interviewed by [[James Lipton]] for ''[[Inside the Actors Studio]]'', Neeson said Mirren was instrumental in him getting an agent.<br />
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Mirren married American director [[Taylor Hackford]], whom she began dating in 1986, on 31 December 1997. The ceremony took place at the [[Ardersier]] Parish Church near [[Inverness]] in the [[Scottish Highlands]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/30/dame-helen-mirren-fights-sewage-plant-plan-in-quiet-fishing-vill/ |title=Dame Helen Mirren fights sewage plant plan in quiet fishing village where she got married |date=30 May 2016 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=20 January 2018}}</ref> The couple met on the set of ''[[White Nights (1985 film)|White Nights]]'' (1985). It is her first marriage and his third (he has two children from his previous marriages). Mirren has no children, stating she has "no maternal instinct whatsoever".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/mirren%20i%20have%20no%20maternal%20instinct_1023284 |title=Mirren: 'I Have No Maternal Instinct' |date=26 February 2007 |website=Contactmusic.com |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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Mirren's autobiography, ''In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures'', was published in the UK by [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] in September 2007. Reviewing for ''[[The Stage]]'', John Thaxter wrote: "Sumptuously illustrated, at first sight it looks like another of those photo albums of the stars. But between the pictures there are almost 200 pages of densely printed text, an unusually frank story of her private and professional life, mainly in the theatre, the words clearly Mirren's own, delivered with forthright candour."<ref>{{cite news |title=In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures |last=Thaxter |first=John |date=1 November 2007 |newspaper=The Stage}}</ref><br />
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In 1990, Mirren stated in an interview that she is an [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sunday Review Pages: Helen Mirren interview |last=Garfield |first=Simon |date=25 November 1990 |newspaper=The Independent |page=27 |quote=Sometimes I feel like a farmer during a war, someone who doesn't know very much about it and carries on digging, hoping for rain. But just the last few days I've had this terrible feeling of... doom. It's a, er, [[Bible|biblical]], kind of [[Old Testament]] feeling. I'm an atheist, but I was suddenly thinking of those stories of the flood and punishment. Because we've become unbelievably greedy and destructive.}}</ref> In the August 2011 issue of ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', Mirren said, "I am quite spiritual. I believed in fairies when I was a child. I still do sort of believe in the fairies. And the leprechauns. But I don't believe in God."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/helen-mirren-quotes-0811 |title=Helen Mirren: What I've Learned |last=Fussman |first=Cal |date=7 July 2011 |magazine=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |access-date=8 January 2013}}</ref><br />
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In a 2008 interview with ''[[GQ]]'', Mirren revealed she was [[date rape]]d as a student, and had often taken [[cocaine]] at parties in her twenties and until the 1980s.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/09/01/helen.mirren.rape/index.html |title=Dame Helen Mirren in date-rape revelation |date=1 September 2008 |publisher=CNN |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref><ref name=indie>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/mirren-talks-of-her-daterapes-then-provokes-furore-with-views-on-sex-attackers-914596.html |title=Mirren talks of her date-rapes, then provokes furore with views on sex attackers |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |date=1 September 2008 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 September 2008}}</ref> She stopped using the drug after reading that [[Klaus Barbie]] made a living from cocaine dealing.<ref name=cnn/><ref name=indie/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7591142.stm |title=Dame Helen in cocaine admission |date=1 September 2008 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901101327/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2656943/The-Queen-actress-Dame-Helen-Mirren-reveals-former-love-of-cocaine.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2008 |title='The Queen' actress Dame Helen Mirren reveals former love of cocaine |last=Simpson |first=Aislinn |date=31 August 2008 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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On 11 May 2010, Mirren attended the unveiling of her waxwork at [[Madame Tussauds]] in London. In 2012, she was among the [[List of cultural icons of England|British cultural icons]] selected by the artist Sir [[Peter Blake (artist)|Peter Blake]] to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork&nbsp;– the Beatles' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' album cover&nbsp;– to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admires.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited |title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday |first=Caroline |last=Davies |date=2 April 2012 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026 |title=Sir Peter Blake's new Beatles' Sgt Pepper's album cover |date=2 April 2012 |website=BBC News |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In 2010, she was named Sexiest Woman Alive by ''Esquire'', and in a 2011 photo shoot for the magazine she stripped down and then covered up with the [[Union Jack]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Helen Mirren shows off her patriotism in Esquire photo shoot |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/helen-mirren-shows-off-her-patriotism-in-esquire-photo-shoot.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAL-vIbYr3zdTdvehdRUc0lnYjJRXjrH4_m5WPohtumjKkQF5ZjHQLJtDu-wBH128akA-SIGhwuqIxJGGVah71ko93k0SrMjCBGWYNe6o4pAX1bMxdQKNuPUDWP0gRMadkT21jNy7mPWtoRB9gY_JEBadANEeCY_pMxeHk9kSdO2G |access-date=25 October 2020 |publisher=Yahoo}}</ref><br />
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In 2013, Mirren was announced as one of several new models for [[Marks & Spencer]]'s "Womanism" campaign. Subtitled "Britain's leading ladies", the campaign saw Mirren appear alongside British women from various fields, including pop singer [[Ellie Goulding]], double Olympic gold medal-winning boxer [[Nicola Adams]], and writer [[Monica Ali]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/aug/19/marks-spencer-new-ad-annie-leibowitz |title=Marks & Spencer's new ad: what does it mean? |first=Lauren |last=Cochrane |date=19 August 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref> In March 2013, ''The Guardian'' listed Mirren as one of the 50 best-dressed over 50.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s |title=The 50 best-dressed over 50s |first=Jess |last=Cartner-Morley |date=29 March 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref><br />
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She told the ''[[Radio Times]]'', "I'm a [[naturism|naturist]] at heart. I love being on beaches where everyone is naked. Ugly people, beautiful people, old people, whatever. It's so unisexual and so liberating."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-09-19/celebrity-nudists-the-stars-who-like-to-let-it-all-hang-out |title=Celebrity nudists: the stars who like to let it all hang out |date=19 September 2014 |magazine=Radio Times |location=London |access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref> In 2004, she was named "Naturist of the Year" by [[British Naturism]]. She said: "Many thanks to British Naturism for this great honour. I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!"<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |title=Dame Helen Mirren named 'Naturist of the Year' |date=8 January 2012 |website=British Naturism |access-date=26 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004094251/http://www.bn.org.uk/articles.php/_/news/pressreleases/dame-helen-mirren-named-naturist-of-the-ye-r93 |archive-date=4 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
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Mirren became a [[U.S. citizen]] in 2017 and voted in her first U.S. election in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/oscar-winner-tahoe-resident-helen-mirren-casts-1st-american-vote|title=Oscar winner, Tahoe resident Helen Mirren casts 1st American vote| date=15 October 2020 |newspaper=Tahoe Daily Tribune |location=Tahoe, Nevada |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.recordcourier.com/news/the-queen-casts-her-ballot-in-minden/|website=[[Record-Courier (Nevada)|The Record-Courier]]|title='The Queen' casts her ballot in Minden|date=17 October 2020|last=Hildebrand|first=Kurt}}</ref><br />
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== Acting credits ==<br />
{{main|Helen Mirren on screen and stage}}<br />
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==Awards and honours==<br />
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren}}<br />
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Among her major competitive awards, Mirren has won one [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]], four [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA Awards]], three [[Golden Globe Award]]s, four [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s, and one [[Tony Award]]. Her numerous honorary awards include the [[BAFTA Fellowship]] from the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] and Gala Tribute presented by the [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]].<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/45th-chaplin-award-gala-will-honor-helen-mirren/ |title=45th Chaplin Award Gala Will Honor Helen Mirren |publisher=Film Society of Lincoln Center |date=14 October 2017|access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref><br />
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In the [[2003 Birthday Honours|Queen's 2003 Birthday Honours]], Mirren was appointed a [[Dame]] (DBE) for services to drama, with investiture taking place at [[Buckingham Palace]] in December.<ref name="Damehood"/><ref name="Ceremony"/> In January 2009, Mirren was named on ''[[The Times]]''' list of the top 10 British actresses of all time. The list included [[Julie Andrews]], [[Helena Bonham Carter]], [[Judi Dench]] and [[Audrey Hepburn]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5502980.ece |title=The best British film actresses of all time |date=12 January 2009 |work=The Times |location=London | first=James | last=Christopher | access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref><br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[List of British actors]]<br />
*[[List of British Academy Award nominees and winners]]<br />
*[[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]<br />
*[[List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|refs=<br />
<ref name="VF2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/11/helen-mirren-nude-scene |title=Helen Mirren Reveals The One Nude Scene She Didn't Mind Filming |last=Miller |first=Julie |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
<ref name="peop_Hele">{{cite web |url=http://www.people.com/article/helen-mirren-talks-nude-scenes |title=Helen Mirren Reveals Her Favorite Nude Scenes Were for Caligula: 'Everyone Was Naked' |last=McNiece |first=Mia |date=19 November 2015 |magazine=People |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
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==Bibliography==<br />
* {{cite book | last= Mirren | first= Helen | title= In the Frame: My Life in Words and Pictures | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=BoEtOA98XQAC | publisher= [[Simon & Schuster]] | date=2011 | isbn= 9781416573418 }}<br />
* Ward, Philip (2019). ''Becoming Helen Mirren''. Troubador Press. {{ISBN|9781838597146}}. A survey of the actress's early career.<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{sister project links|b=no|commons=Category:Helen Mirren|d=Q349391|n=no|q=Helen Mirren|s=no|v=no|wikt=no}}<br />
* {{Official website|http://www.helenmirren.com/}}<br />
* {{IMDb name|545}}<br />
* {{IBDB name|53256}}<br />
* {{Tcmdb name|132793}}<br />
* {{Charlie Rose view|260}}<br />
* {{Worldcat id|lccn-n87-927316}}<br />
* {{NYTtopic|people/m/helen_mirren}}<br />
;''Interviews:''<br />
* {{Cite episode |title=Helen Mirren |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p009mk5j |series=Desert Island Discs |series-link=Desert Island Discs |station=BBC Radio 4 |date=3 December 1982}}<br />
* {{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/dame-helen-mirren-im-an-essex-girl-6mh0b6wd3nm |first=Kevin |last=Maher |title=Dame Helen Mirren: I'm an Essex Girl |newspaper=The Times |location=London, UK |date=12 February 2010}}<br />
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{{Navboxes<br />
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Helen Mirren|Awards for Helen Mirren]]<br />
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{{AcademyAwardBestActress 2001-2020}}<br />
{{BAFTA Award for Best Actress 2000-2019}}<br />
{{British Academy Television Award for Best Actress 1980-1999}}<br />
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}<br />
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards}}<br />
{{Prix d'interprétation féminine 1980–1999}}<br />
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{DramaDesk PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActress 1976-2000}}<br />
{{European Film Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{European Film Academy Achievement in World Cinema Award}}<br />
{{Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Lincoln Center Gala Tribute}}<br />
{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureDrama 2001-2020}}<br />
{{GoldenGlobeBestActressTVMiniseriesFilm}}<br />
{{GoldenOrangeHonoraryAward}}<br />
{{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}}<br />
{{Honorary Golden Bear}}<br />
{{OlivierAward PlayActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year}}<br />
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress 2001-present}}<br />
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress}}<br />
{{Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Motion Picture}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Actress Television Miniseries or Film}}<br />
{{Satellite Award Best Supporting Actress Series Miniseries or Television Film}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleLeadMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleSupportMotionPicture 2001–2020}}<br />
{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleTVMiniseriesMovie}}<br />
{{Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award}}<br />
{{Stanislavsky Award}}<br />
{{St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{TonyAward PlayLeadActress 2001–2025}}<br />
{{TFCA Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Volpi Cup for Best Actress}}<br />
{{Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress}}<br />
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{{Triple Crown of Acting winners}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirren, Helen}}<br />
[[Category:1945 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century English actresses]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses awarded British damehoods]]<br />
[[Category:Actresses from Essex]]<br />
[[Category:Alumni of Middlesex University]]<br />
[[Category:Audiobook narrators]]<br />
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Best Actress BAFTA Award (television) winners]]<br />
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[[Category:Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actress Golden Globe winners]]<br />
[[Category:British naturists]]<br />
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[[Category:European Film Award for Best Actress winners]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]<br />
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[[Category:Laurence Olivier Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:National Youth Theatre members]]<br />
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:People from Hammersmith]]<br />
[[Category:People from Westcliff-on-Sea]]<br />
[[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members]]<br />
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners]]</div>SteveCrook