Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

User talk:49.106.202.149

2025-01-08T06:40:03Z

Tegel: Reverted edits by 49.106.202.149 (talk) to last version by Izno

== January 2025 ==
<div class="user-block" style="padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2ab91); background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #fef6e7); color:inherit; min-height: 40px">[[File:Stop x nuvola with clock.svg|40px|left|alt=Stop icon with clock]]<div style="margin-left:45px">Anonymous users from this IP address have been '''[[WP:Blocking policy|blocked]]''' from editing for a period of '''1 week''' for [[WP:Blocking policy#Evasion of blocks|block evasion]]. </div><div style="margin-left:45px">If you believe that there are good reasons for being unblocked, please review Wikipedia's [[WP:Guide to appealing blocks|guide to appealing blocks]], then add the following text to the bottom of your talk page: <code><nowiki>{{unblock|reason=Your reason here ~~~~}}</nowiki></code>.  [[User:Izno|Izno]] ([[User talk:Izno|talk]]) 03:54, 7 January 2025 (UTC)</div></div>
: ''If this is a [[Network address translation|shared IP address]] and you are an uninvolved editor with a registered account, you may continue to edit by [[Special:Userlogin|logging in]]''.

Template:Soft redirect with Wikidata item/doc

2025-01-04T17:37:08Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 2405:9800:B860:A682:5D55:27F6:4B48:D736 (talk) to last version by Tule-hog

{{Documentation subpage}}

{{hatnote|'''{{red|This rcat should not be converted to the "{{tl|Redirect template}}". In accord with that template's documentation, such a conversion would make this template unstable for use on soft redirects.}}'''}}
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{{Soft redirect with Wikidata item}}
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==== Parameter ====
This rcat takes one unnamed parameter, {{para|1}}, that may be used when a Wikidata "Q" number does not readily fill in, and you know that it exists on Wikidata. An example would be as follows:
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==== Aliases ====
* [{{fullurl:Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Wikidata_redirect|hidetrans=1&hidelinks=1&limit=500}} Also known as...] – list of templates that redirect here and may also be used

=== Error detection ===
This template automatically places redirects that are not linked to Wikidata items in the tracking category [[:Category:Unlinked Wikidata redirects]]. Please fix these, either by removing {{t|Soft redirect with Wikidata item}} or by linking them to Wikidata.

=== See also ===
* {{tl|R category with possibilities}}
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Redirect/Style guide|WikiProject Redirect/Style guide]]

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{{R template index}}

<includeonly>{{sandbox other||

[[Category:Redirect templates|Wikidata redirect]]
[[Category:Soft redirect templates]]
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[[Category:Wikidata templates]]

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Wikipedia:VRT noticeboard/Archive 4

2025-01-04T17:27:26Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 2405:9800:B860:A682:5D55:27F6:4B48:D736 (talk) to last version by MalnadachBot

{{archivemainpage|Wikipedia:OTRS noticeboard}}

== Who's (redacted)!? ==

He's apparently someone who replies to tickets on the info-en queue but doesn't seem to provide any indication as to their username, nor is the link between their username and real name public (that I can find). I need to ask him about a ticket sent by a blocked user who intended to confirm their identity but which (redacted) seems to have misunderstood. Can anyone point me towards the right person? Thanks! ☺ · [[User:Salvidrim!|Salvidrim!]] · [[User talk:Salvidrim!|✉]] 03:18, 24 June 2015 (UTC)
:{{to|Salvidrim!}} Content such as this is unfortunately confidential. I'm not sure what the best solution to do right now, but to probably email a OTRS admin, in which they may be able to link you to the ticket and/or the volunteer in general. [[User:EuroCarGT|'''///Euro''''''Car''']][[User talk:EuroCarGT|'''GT''']] 04:08, 24 June 2015 (UTC)
::Thanks for the prompt reply. It seems I've put off volunteering for long enough and must finally accept the suggestions of others to join the OTRS team myself. :) ☺ · [[User:Salvidrim!|Salvidrim!]] · [[User talk:Salvidrim!|✉]] 04:40, 24 June 2015 (UTC)

:::{{ping|Salvidrim!}} If you want me to pass something along, feel free to email me - while I won't reveal his contact address directly, I will look him up and forward anything on that you wish, so he can reply directly if you wish. Unfortunately, this is the easiest solution I fear. [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 10:12, 24 June 2015 (UTC)
:{{ping|Salvidrim!}} Why can't you just reply to the ticket? I'm assuming if you know the person's name, then you are in possession of the email - why not just reply to it and contact him through the system? By the way, I'm not hugely comfortable with someone's real name being disclosed here, even though it's not associated with their account. I wouldn't want my real name posted here (even if not associated with my account) - that seems like something of a privacy issue and so I have redacted it. --[[User:B|B]] ([[User talk:B|talk]]) 14:34, 24 June 2015 (UTC)
:::See [[User talk:Tomkudirka#June 2015]]. Without repeating it, I also noticed this particular responder's name being mentioned repeatedly elsewhere (both on-wiki and off-wiki) as someone who responds regularly to info-en. The list of OTRS members [[:m:OTRS/Personnel|is '''very''' public]] and after reading the policies surrounding it, there was no indication that the identity of responders vs. their on-wiki usernames were the subject of exceptional confidentiality, and I assumed that, like UTRS, responders are expected to make their on-wiki account generally known, instead of taking steps to intentionally obfuscate any attempt at communication. It is my understanding that if you do not want your real name "out there", you should avoid responding on behalf of Wikimedia to OTRS tickets while signing your real name.... ☺ · [[User:Salvidrim!|Salvidrim!]] · [[User talk:Salvidrim!|✉]] 15:09, 24 June 2015 (UTC)
::::By the way, all I meant to do is exactly what {{u|Yunshui}} just did -- find out why the original e-mail to info-en wasn't an appropriate confirmation of identity, and let the user know. :p ☺ · [[User:Salvidrim!|Salvidrim!]] · [[User talk:Salvidrim!|✉]] 15:14, 24 June 2015 (UTC)
:::::(I realize now, from the talk page you linked, that you don't have the email available to reply to and that's why you posted here rather than emailing info-en directly - understood, not a problem.) The list of Wikipedia volunteers is public. Their real names (or pseudonyms) are not. Just because you send an email (off wiki) with your real name does not mean that you want it posted on wiki. While we won't necessarily notice where an inexperienced user, in good faith and not realizing the consequences of it, posts an OTRS volunteer's name on their talk page, posting the person's name here on a heavily watched noticeboard is different. (I'm not jumping up and down screaming "doxing" - just politely suggesting that we avoid posting real names here where those real names are not revealed on Wikipedia.) In any event, it's oversighted here and will be shortly from the user's talk page as well, so no harm no foul. --[[User:B|B]] ([[User talk:B|talk]]) 15:45, 24 June 2015 (UTC)

:Just a comment here... the name used in OTRS can and often is an alias, and as far as I know it is not confidential. People will often say here on Wikipedia that they "received an email from Kosten Frosch" or some such, and that can be tied obviously based on contributions to the SUL account of the agent. I repeat, not confidential. It's just that we generally don't want people to correspond with "FreeRangeFrog" or "Salvidrim!" via email, which is why anyone who joins OTRS must provide that more serious-sounding "name" they wish to use in their signature. I hope to heck no one thinks it's a secret, because it's not. Our end of the exchange is confidential, but the other one is not. §[[User:FreeRangeFrog|FreeRangeFrog]][[User talk:FreeRangeFrog|croak]] 16:36, 24 June 2015 (UTC)
::There are different levels of "confidential". It is not "confidential" from the standpoint of their being any sort of legal obligation on the part of the OTRS requestor to not reveal that information. However, that doesn't make it a good idea to post that information on this noticeboard if the OTRS volunteer has not self-identified on wiki as that name (be it a real name or a real-sounding pseudonym). --[[User:B|B]] ([[User talk:B|talk]]) 16:45, 24 June 2015 (UTC)
:::You're assuming that the name they use in OTRS is their real one (as you said above), my point is that whether it is or not, it ceased being confidential the moment the agent replied to their first ticket. §[[User:FreeRangeFrog|FreeRangeFrog]][[User talk:FreeRangeFrog|croak]] 16:53, 24 June 2015 (UTC)
::::Sigh ... I give up. I'm not saying that there is any sort of duty of confidentiality on the part of the requestor. I'm just saying that just because you may be able to legally do something doesn't make it a very nice thing to do or a good thing to do. --[[User:B|B]] ([[User talk:B|talk]]) 18:13, 24 June 2015 (UTC)
:::::Something that is, as you say, allowed but "not very nice" doesn't sound like it would justify Oversight'ing of revisions, especially when you consider, as FRF says, that the suppressed "name" might just be another pseudonym, and not a real name. ☺ · [[User:Salvidrim!|Salvidrim!]] · [[User talk:Salvidrim!|✉]] 18:19, 24 June 2015 (UTC)
:::::{{u|B}} - I understand. I'm not objecting to the suppression, but rather pointing out that there is no expectation of confidentiality about this, here or elsewhere, and those of us who volunteer for OTRS need to be aware of that. Above there is the given impression that this is some kind of tightly held secret, and that is not the case. §[[User:FreeRangeFrog|FreeRangeFrog]][[User talk:FreeRangeFrog|croak]] 18:24, 24 June 2015 (UTC)
::::::It's not a tightly held secret - just common courtesy to not post it on wiki. ([[WP:OUTING]] forbids the on-Wikipedia posting of names, even if that person has self-identified elsewhere.) I would hope that if someone identified on Wikipedia my real name as someone who regularly replies to permissions-en tickets (which, let's face it, there's few enough of us that connecting the dots isn't too hard), someone would have the decency to oversight it. I fully realize that the OTRS requestor has no duty in this matter whatsoever and there is nothing (other than common courtesy) preventing him from posting the person's name or contents of the email to his blog, etc. --[[User:B|B]] ([[User talk:B|talk]]) 18:30, 24 June 2015 (UTC)

==[[:File:California topographical map of proposed HSR route (2014).jpg]]==

re Deletion pending for File:California topographical map of proposed HSR route (2014).jpg

I received an email authorizing use of this image, however, I did not know that I needed to forward this email to you. (Your rules are very complicated, and not well organized for a new user.) I DID put information from the email into the long, complicated image copyright form that you have. So, you already have authorizing information, if you care to look.

If you want the actual email, then I will have to look for it. Since it was a couple months ago, it is possible that I deleted it, and I will have to request another email again.

So, either look into the copyright info already saved for this file, or let me know that you need the actual email. In either case, I do not expect that this image should be deleted. If you have any issues with this, please email me at robert92111@twc.com AND benson@ucsd.edu so I can respond properly.

Thanks.

[[User:Robert92107|Robert92107]] ([[User talk:Robert92107|talk]]) 18:19, 24 June 2015 (UTC)
*{{ping|Robert92107}} - I found ticket {{ticket|2015051110023677}} which pertains to this image, but is not sufficient permission for Wikipedia. I do not see an email in the system with the "long, complicated image copyright form", but even if '''you''' did fill out this form, that is NOT what we need - we need for the COPYRIGHT HOLDER to fill out the form and send it to us. --[[User:B|B]] ([[User talk:B|talk]]) 09:44, 25 June 2015 (UTC)
::Is this image not covered by {{tl|PD-CAGov}} in any event? [[User:Nthep|Nthep]] ([[User talk:Nthep|talk]]) 09:53, 25 June 2015 (UTC)
:::{{ping|Nthep}} No idea. Does {{tl|PD-CAGov}} cover every creative work of the state of California the same way every creative work of the US government is public domain? http://www.hsr.ca.gov/ claims copyright - it says "Copyright © 2015 State of California" whereas US government websites have no copyright statement. And actually, from reading the [http://web.archive.org/web/20110727145237/http://www.opendataconsortium.org/ODC%20website%20additions/CFAC-Santa%20Clara%20County%20%20Appeals%20Court%20decision.pdf ruling], it looks like the court was basically saying that state law had to specifically grant an agency the right to copyright their work in order for it to be copyrighted. (This sounds tortured and I'd be curious what a higher court has to say here, but it is what it is.) They then name two examples - local school boards and health departments - as ones to which that authority was granted. So in order to say that this is {{tl|PD-CAGov}}, we would have to demonstrate that there is not a provision in California law permitting the HSR authority to copyright their works. --[[User:B|B]] ([[User talk:B|talk]]) 10:30, 25 June 2015 (UTC)
This weekend (when I next have access to my work email) I will check for the old email contact, and if I can't find it then I will contact the Authority again to get someone to fill in the permission. In the meantime, I would appreciate Wikipedia's cooperation with my good effort to get this done and not delete the file pending my getting the information. [[User:Robert92107|Robert92107]] ([[User talk:Robert92107|talk]]) 03:18, 26 June 2015 (UTC)
:The file will not be deleted before 22 July, 2015. [[User:Nakon|'''Nakon''']] 03:48, 1 July 2015 (UTC)

== [[:File:Gerry Campbell Headshot.jpg]] ==

* Ticket: {{ticket|2013052310012893}}

The OTRS permission tag was added on 31 May 2013. Subsequently, a new image was uploaded with the same filename on 23 October 2013. This is a different image, not merely a new version of the original one. Please determine whether the permission on file applies to the current image with this filename. Thanks. – [[User:Wdchk|Wdchk]] ([[User talk:Wdchk|talk]]) 20:27, 15 July 2015 (UTC)
:There's no new ticket for this image so I've reverted the image back to the one for which there is a permission. [[User:Nthep|Nthep]] ([[User talk:Nthep|talk]]) 20:38, 15 July 2015 (UTC)
::Thanks. Is any other action required now, such as hiding the revision that contains the unlicensed image? – [[User:Wdchk|Wdchk]] ([[User talk:Wdchk|talk]]) 18:13, 16 July 2015 (UTC)
:::Thought I'd already done that but appears not. Anyway done now. [[User:Nthep|Nthep]] ([[User talk:Nthep|talk]]) 18:32, 16 July 2015 (UTC)

== Sent email to permissions-en with photographer's permission to use photo File:Dutch UN Consul and Haudenosaunee Leaders renew Two Row Treaty.jpgt.jpg ==

Hello,

Yesterday I forwarded an email from the photographer who has give me permission to use the subject photo in my draft article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft:Canoe_Journey_to_Renew_the_Two_Row_Wampum_Treaty. Please let me know when the photo can be restored, now that the permission has been sent.

Thanks,
Paul Kor Gorgen — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Gorgenkor|Gorgenkor]] ([[User talk:Gorgenkor|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Gorgenkor|contribs]]) 23:38, 16 July 2015 (UTC) 

== Image query ==

Hi, I've recently improved the article on [[Reg Pollard (general)]] and I'm just a little leery of the supposed origin of the lead image ([[:File:PollardRG1963.2.jpg]]) as described on the Commons page, so was hoping to get it checked. The picture just looks a bit 'official' to have belonged to a family member... If you guys still give it a clean bill of health, that's great. Cheers, [[User:Ian Rose|Ian Rose]] ([[User talk:Ian Rose|talk]]) 14:42, 24 July 2015 (UTC)
:Wow. Without directly quoting the e-mail, 2008011210000979 is literally just: "{{tq|Subject's son gives permission to use image}}" and an in-bracket ''supposed'' quote from said son who gives authorization '''to Wikipedia''' to use the file, which isn't even a valid release if it is indeed legit. Additionally, there doesn't appear to be a valid license. My recommendation would be to have it deleted and use [[:File:Reg Pollard 1942 023756.jpg]] instead. <big>☺</big> · [[User:Salvidrim!|Salvidrim!]] · [[User talk:Salvidrim!|✉]] 16:58, 24 July 2015 (UTC)

== [[Woodwind section]] ==

A user has [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Woodwind_section&oldid=674503396&diff=prev stated] that Wikipedia has been granted permission to use copyrighted material from http://www.woodwindorchestra.com/history. They say that it is ticket number 2015073010018303, and I would like to confirm that permission has been granted. —[[User:George8211|George8211]] / [[User talk:George8211|T]] 10:42, 4 August 2015 (UTC)
:Hello, I can confirm that permission was granted. The article was moved to [[User:Woodwinduser/Woodwind_orchestra]] for additional work. I've added the confirmation tag to the [[Woodwind section]] article. [[User:Nakon|'''Nakon''']] 03:47, 5 August 2015 (UTC)

== report a problem ==

I googled a request for help with a computer error I got on my computer and a link to Wikifixes came up. It is a scam corporation which downloads malware onto the computer if you click on it. At first glance, I thought it was affiliated with Wikipedia; however, it is not and it masquerades as being affiliated and endorsed by Wikipedia. I am still trying to get it off my computer and I still have the error message coming up. I think you should post a disclaimer on your website directing people to not click on the imposter site. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/184.53.6.239|184.53.6.239]] ([[User talk:184.53.6.239|talk]]) 22:11, 9 August 2015 (UTC) 

== [[:File:Model rs3 bridge.jpg]] ==

Hi there OTRS volunteers. There's link to OTRS ticket number 5175426 in an edit summary {{diff|File:Model rs3 bridge.jpg|374034680|122950410|here}}. Could I please get one of you with OTRS permissions to have a look at this ticket and add it to the file if there's adequate data in it to do so? The reason I ask is because the image is listed at PUF: [[Wikipedia:Possibly unfree files/2015 August 13#File:Model rs3 bridge.jpg]]. Thanks, -- [[User:Diannaa|Diannaa]] ([[User talk:Diannaa|talk]]) 14:14, 19 August 2015 (UTC)
:ref:[[Ticket:2010071710008983]]
:{{ping|Diannaa}} This is a strange one. They said they had no objection to us using the image, however have not specified a licence or explicitly given permission. I'm not satisfied they have consented to release this under the licence on the page, however you may draw a different conclusion. [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 15:23, 19 August 2015 (UTC)
*{{ec}} The copyright holder e-mailed OTRS in July 2010 saying we were using one of his images, [[:File:Model_rs3_bridge.jpg]], with the attribution to his abbreviated name and the mention "used with permission". He notified us that this was in fact incorrect, as far as permission is concerned. However, he said he did not object to the image being used if we attributed his full name. The OTRS responder (incidentally, who has since become a WMF employee, [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Trains#Photo of RS-3 at top right of page.|as highlighted]] by {{u|Redrose64}}) corrected the attribution. The question is whether "I do not object to Wikipedia's usage" constitutes appropriate free licensing under CC-BY-SA-2.5, and in my opinion it does not (per the top second and third paragraphs of [[WP:CONSENT]]); I don't find any mention or evidence or any specific license. The copyright holder's contact information can easily be found online so perhaps they would be open to properly licensing the media if contacted, in case someone wishes to pursue that avenue. <big>☺</big> · [[User:Salvidrim!|Salvidrim!]] · [[User talk:Salvidrim|✉]] 15:34, 19 August 2015 (UTC)
:Thank you both! That's plenty of information with which to make a keep/delete decision. -- [[User:Diannaa|Diannaa]] ([[User talk:Diannaa|talk]]) 19:01, 19 August 2015 (UTC)

== [[:File:Valshe Butterfly Core.jpg]] ==

([https://ticket.wikimedia.org/otrs/index.pl?Action=AgentTicketZoom&TicketNumber=2013111010007698 ticket]) Can you please add the source of the photo, the author who should be credited, and confirm that the license is correct? Thanks, —[[User talk:Innotata|''innotata'']] 21:11, 19 August 2015 (UTC)
*On the face of it, the uploader claims full authorship of the picture and the licensing on the file page matches the e-mail sent perfectly. However, two things appear clear to me -- the uploader (who self-admits to being in Bangladesh) is certainly not the photograph of this picture of a Japanese singer (making this, at best, a derivative); and secondly, a quick search online leads me to believe this is a simple cropping of an otherwise [http://livedoor.blogimg.jp/mimi77779/imgs/8/e/8e10b8f5.jpg official-looking image] (you can even see some of the original lettering in the lower righthand corner), but whose source I have been unable to determine (otherwise, a fair-use case ''might'' be made). This was already at PUF in [[Wikipedia:Possibly unfree files/2013 November 8|November 2013]]. I guess the question is how much good faith we wish to attribute to the uploader? I'll ping {{u|Callanecc}} in case they have more insight into this. <big>☺</big> · [[User:Salvidrim!|Salvidrim!]] · [[User talk:Salvidrim|✉]] 23:27, 19 August 2015 (UTC)

== use of [[:File:Concetta headshot.jpg]] on wiki page Concetta Antico. ==

Wikimedia administrators,
Copyrights for this image are held by Concetta Antico and with this email she gives permission for use of [[:File:Concetta headshot.jpg]] on wiki page Concetta Antico.
URL for image is
ConcettaAntico.com
I make the wiki edit to reinstate use of the file on the wiki page by request of Concetta Antico.
I send this email by request,giving permission for use of the image by the copyrights holder.

Neither Use of this image , nor my reinstatement of it on the wiki constitute a conflict as I have no financial or legal ties to the page or its contents.
I will continue my right to edit the page for inaccuracies and omissions.
I submit this email per request of Concetta Antico as a personal favor.
[[User:KAJameson|KAJameson]] ([[User talk:KAJameson|talk]]) 23:08, 22 August 2015 (UTC)

==[[ticket:2010030310047992]]==
Hi team! Could you please confirm that this ticket states that the uploader ({{user|Indiejilly}}) is the copyright holder of [[:File:Anne Aghion- Photo.jpg|this image]]? And that their name matches up with the EXIF data? The image description page merely states that the uploader works with the subject of the photo. Thanks, [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 16:13, 25 August 2015 (UTC)
*{{u|Storkk}} - The ticket confirms that {{u|Indiejilly}} (the uploader) is [[Anne Aghion]]'s assistant. It also presents appropriate licensing of the text of http://www.icepeople.com/filmmakers.html under CC-BY-SA-3.0, but '''explicitly ''only'' the text''', not the images or any non-text material. There is no licensing whatsoever of the images. There is no mention nor do I have information with regards to the name "MARCO LONGARI" indicated as author/copyright holder in the EXIF metadata, other than it seems he was probably the person holding the camera that took this picture. <big>☺</big> · [[User:Salvidrim!|Salvidrim!]] · [[User talk:Salvidrim|✉]] 16:29, 25 August 2015 (UTC)
::{{Ping|Salvidrim!}} - Thanks! Best regards, [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 17:03, 25 August 2015 (UTC)

== Permissions timeline? ==

Hello everyone, I just received confirmation that the copyright holder of an image I want to use has granted the Commons License, so the email went to "OTRS". How long does it take for the email to go through? I saw on another page that there is a 68 day backlog. That's horrifying. Please tell me that's not true. I've put the "OTRS Pending" note in the image's description but I know from experience that that kicks it off Wikimedia in about a week. How can anyone upload anything if the waiting period is 10x longer than the time the image is allowed to sit waiting for OTRS permission? I'm completely dumbfounded by this problem. It took me 2 months to get this permission. Was it all for nothing? Say it ain't so! Please advise. I'm at my wits' end. Any info is appreciated! [[User:Bczogalla|Bczogalla]] ([[User talk:Bczogalla|talk]]) 03:28, 28 August 2015 (UTC)Bczogalla
:There is currently a very high wait in the permissions-en queue. Do you have an OTRS ticket number or image name so that I can investigate this image? [[User:Nakon|'''Nakon''']] 04:44, 28 August 2015 (UTC)
*[[ticket:2015082710019263]] looks to me like appropriate licensing under CC-BY-SA-3.0 by the copyright holder of [[:commons:File:141110 Motive Vega 43831 R2.jpg]]. I only have read-only access to permissions queues though, so a volunteer from Commons will have to respond to and process the ticket. Hopefully the mention of it here will be sufficient to get this underway sooner rather than later. <big>☺</big> · [[User:Salvidrim!|Salvidrim!]] · [[User talk:Salvidrim|✉]] 13:55, 28 August 2015 (UTC)

:: I thought sure I had responded here, but I don't see it so I don't know what happened. It has been a rather hectic day, I don't know whether I composed a response in my head and didn't post it or wrote it here and forgot to hit safe but I me jump to the main point, I reviewed the permission statement and accepted it earlier today, so the specific issue is closed.
:: A little bit more information on the backlog. For quite some time, the English Wikipedia backlog has been long, while the Commons backlog has been longer. Some time ago, I looked at the longest queue (Commons) and decided to attack it. Another agent helped, and in fact close more tickets than I did, but between us we get the Commons backlog down to almost nothing. However, real life intervened and I didn't handle tickets for some time. The backlog grew. I've been working on it for the last couple weeks, and the Commons backlog is down to seven days. That isn't a good measure of the true backlog if you're interested in the average length of time to handle a ticket. Occasionally, a ticket just looks like it will be a challenge, and sometimes it sits a while well more recent tickets are handled. Because I have been concentrating on what tended to be the longer queue, I hadn't paid close attention to the English Wikipedia queue. That backlog, as measured by the oldest ticket is 77 days. Again, that does not mean that any ticket created in the last 77 days has gone unanswered. However, I think it is closer to true for the English Wikipedia. I just checked and only 18 tickets have been handled in the last week, so somehow we got to figure out how to get more eyes on that queue.--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 21:42, 28 August 2015 (UTC)
:::{{u|Sphilbrick}}, you '''did''' respond earlier, but in [[:commons:Commons:Deletion requests/File:141110 Motive Vega 43831 R2.jpg|the file's deletion discussion]]. Your confusion probably stems from the fact I practically copypasted my note here to over there. :) <big>☺</big> · [[User:Salvidrim!|Salvidrim!]] · [[User talk:Salvidrim|✉]] 23:13, 28 August 2015 (UTC)
:::: Heh, that explains it. Maybe I'm not going crazy :)--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 23:24, 28 August 2015 (UTC)Salvidrim
:::::[[User:Salvidrim|Salvidrim]] and [[User:Sphilbrick|Sphilbrick]] Thank you both so much for your help. I really didn't know what else to do. I'm so glad I found this talk page and some kind souls who were able - and willing - to help. Thanks again!! [[User:Bczogalla|Bczogalla]] ([[User talk:Bczogalla|talk]]) 00:26, 29 August 2015 (UTC)Bczogalla

== Permission without outing ==

I recently took pictures of two historic markers [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Holmes_McGuffey#/media/File:McGuffey_marker.JPG] and another one I have yet to upload. Another user tagged it for deletion as a possible copy vio. The size was reduced and the deletion was denied. I contacted the state of PA and obtained a release to use both pictures on Wikipedia. How can I submit this without outing myself? [[User:Niteshift36|Niteshift36]] ([[User talk:Niteshift36|talk]]) 00:29, 1 September 2015 (UTC)
:In fact, a valid release must be e-mailed '''''by''''' the copyright holder directly to permissions-en{{@}}wikimedia.org. A forwarded e-mail from a third party (such as you) cannot normally be accepted, because a forwarded message can technically be altered. Instructions can be found at [[WP:CONSENT]], which also points out that a copyright holder should not ''give permission for use on Wikipedia'', but must license the text/images under a free license for anyone to use or reuse. Lastly, please note that any private information sent to OTRS is kept strictly confidential (such as names, employers, e-mails, etc.), so you would not have to worry on that front even if you were to personally communicate with OTRS. <big>☺</big> · [[User:Salvidrim!|Salvidrim!]] · [[User talk:Salvidrim|✉]] 01:54, 1 September 2015 (UTC)
::*They sent an actual letter, on letterhead, as well as a scan of it. However, when I asked for permission, I asked to use it on Wikipedia and that's how they worded the permission, so I may have screwed it up. [[User:Niteshift36|Niteshift36]] ([[User talk:Niteshift36|talk]]) 02:05, 1 September 2015 (UTC)
:::*I... well, I'll admit that it's not everyday a question poses itself involving snail mail. Sending a scan to the permissions e-mail might suffice? I dunno. If your privacy is what really matters you can just create any old e-mail (niteshift36wiki{{@}}gmail.com or whatever, a lot of users do that) to forward the letter in question, but I'm not sure it would actually suffice, so I wouldn't want to mislead you on that front. I'll attempt to find someone more well-versed in copyright exceptions :) <big>☺</big> · [[User:Salvidrim!|Salvidrim!]] · [[User talk:Salvidrim|✉]] 02:12, 1 September 2015 (UTC)
::::::*The email address isn't the actual issue. The letter itself is done in a traditional office format, which includes ''my name and mailing address''. I'm fine with forwarding it to OTRS as long as the information is confidential. [[User:Niteshift36|Niteshift36]] ([[User talk:Niteshift36|talk]]) 02:26, 1 September 2015 (UTC)
::::::::Information sent through the OTRS system should remain confidential to the best of our ability. Only OTRS agents will be able to see the contents of the email and it shouldn't be discussed openly. [[User:Mike V|Mike V]] • [[User_talk:Mike V|Talk]] 04:07, 1 September 2015 (UTC)

==[[ticket:2010060810041858]]==
The EXIF information on [[:File:Skipper Stowe.jpg]] credits a Desmond K. Shaw, and mentions this is from an ESPN shoot. Would an OTRS agent please clarify the wording on the ticket, and voice an opinion on whether these are correctly licensed given the "ESPN shoot" issue? Thanks, [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 12:53, 4 September 2015 (UTC)
:That's a very complicated ticket and I hesitate to summarize it myself. Pinging {{u|VernoWhitney}} the agent who handled the ticket, who is in a better position to respond.--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 13:38, 4 September 2015 (UTC)
::Thanks, {{u|Sphilbrick}}... I am now an agent and can see the ticket. I plan to bring it up for wider discussion on OTRS-wiki and/or contact the press address for followup. Thanks again, [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 13:59, 7 September 2015 (UTC)
::: Congratulations (or condolences as the case may be).--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 14:04, 7 September 2015 (UTC)

== [[Ticket:2015052010025014]] ==
Deletion pending for [[:File:Rock Workshop78.jpg]]
Wiki page for - [[Andy Richards]]

Dear Sirs - pending deletion of this image is completely incorrect as we had already received a response from permissions
covering all 4 images on the page 'Andy Richards' granting all images were correctly approved. Please see email below from
Permissions back in June.

Thanks
Bumbledog

Heading+links added and email chain removed Hey {{U|Bumbledog}}! I've taken a look at the email chain, and the only file mentioned in it appears to be [[:File:Andy Richards OutofEden.jpg]] - I see no mention of the file above. Unfortunately, we cannot just say "All files on X page", we can only go with what is included in the email. You need to get the copyright holder to send [[c:COM:CONSENT|this permission note]] naming every file that should also be covered. [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 15:38, 11 September 2015 (UTC)
:I think I see the others - but they appear to be "Wikipedia only"-type permissions: see the first forwarded message on [[:ticket:2015052010025014]]. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 15:42, 11 September 2015 (UTC)

== 2015081710018391 Igor Milic picture ==

Here is ticket link for this picture: 2015081710018391 (Igor Milic.jpg)
Please undelete it to commons so it can be freely used again for wiki pages.
I have provided picture before it was edited to permission center by e-mail, with my approval as i am the author of the picture, and also permission of the Igor Milic who is on the picture. Everything has been explained and filed so picture can be free used through commons. Thank you! --[[User:MayaSophia|MayaSophia]] ([[User talk:MayaSophia|talk]]) 13:08, 5 September 2015 (UTC)
:{{u|MayaSophia}} It is not deleted. See [[:File:Igor_Milic.jpg]]. It is not on Commons but normally a bot moves images from Wikipedia to Commons on a regular basis when they qualify. There is probably a way to speed up the process but is there any reason this image cannot be used? Or some reason the move is so urgent that it must be handled out of normal process?--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 14:11, 7 September 2015 (UTC)
::{{ping|MayaSophia|Sphilbrick}} The file is now on Wikimedia Commons ([[:C:File:Igor_Milic.jpg]]). [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 15:49, 11 September 2015 (UTC)

== Images on [[Michael Wildes]] page (Ticket#2015091310007479) ==

Just want to state that I have received explicit permission for every image on [[Michael Wildes]]' wiki page, and forwarded the email to Permissions. That includes

[[:File:Michael Wildes, portrait.jpg]] 
[[:File:Wildes and Corzine Immigration Panel, August 6, 2007.jpg]] 
[[:File:Michael Wildes, Memorial Day parade, 2006.jpg]] 
[[:File:Michael Wildes, Jon Corzine, Immigration Panel, August 2007.jpg]] 
[[:File:Michael Wildes, Jean Georges.jpg]] 
[[:File:Michael Wildes, Auxiliary Police Officer, NYPD, 112th precinct.jpg]] 
[[:File:Jimena Navarrete, Michael Wildes, 2010.jpg]] 
[[:File:Michael Wildes, Tony Bennett, Bill Joel, February 18, 2006.jpg]] 
[[:File:Ted Kennedy, Michael Wildes, July 11, 2005.jpg]] 
[[:File:Michael Wildes, Englewood mayor swearing in, January 1, 2007.jpg]] 
[[:File:John Lennon, Leon Wildes, Courthouse steps, 1976.jpg]] 
[[:File:Michael Wildes, Pele, outside airplane, April 2014.jpg]] 

[[:File:John Lennon, Leon Wildes, Courthouse steps, 1976.jpg]] and [[:File:Michael Wildes, Pele, outside airplane, April 2014.jpg]] are currently pending deletion even though permission has been attained for them. Also, [[:File:Michael Wildes, Bill Clinton, June 2012.jpg]] has already been deleted but permission exists for that as well.

[[User:Ashershow1|Ashershow1]][[User_talk:Ashershow1|talk]]•[[Special:Contributions/Ashershow1|contribs]] 13:47, 13 September 2015 (UTC)
:{{ping|Ashershow1}} - please provide the ticket number for the Lennon, Pele and Clinton photos. I tried a full text search with "Lennon Wildes" as well as your email address, but found only the one referenced above. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 15:14, 13 September 2015 (UTC)
::What do you mean? The email I sent includes all the pictures.[[User:Ashershow1|Ashershow1]][[User_talk:Ashershow1|talk]]•[[Special:Contributions/Ashershow1|contribs]] 16:44, 13 September 2015 (UTC)
:::The search in the OTRS system may not be the best - I have had trouble finding things, but searching for the ticket number works well, and is much faster, so providing the ticket number will help. --[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 20:47, 13 September 2015 (UTC)
::: {{ping|Storkk}} It is ticket number 2015091310007479 I'm sitting in an airport so not comfortable handling it now.--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 20:51, 13 September 2015 (UTC)
::::Ticket#2015091310007479 [[User:Ashershow1|Ashershow1]][[User_talk:Ashershow1|talk]]•[[Special:Contributions/Ashershow1|contribs]] 22:14, 13 September 2015 (UTC)
:::::Two things are not clear to me: 1) that the claimed copyright holder is the actual copyright holder, and 2) the files above are the ones the claimed copyright holder is supposed to have released. The ticket has multiple attachments, but it is a forwarded reply to a different email with no specific files listed. {{ping|Sphilbrick}} I will flesh this out better as an email reply tomorrow, but if you would prefer to take it, I will gladly release the ticket to you. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 23:34, 13 September 2015 (UTC)
:::::Just to explain my earlier confusion, I was expecting at least a second ticket because, for example, [[:File:Michael Wildes, Pele, outside airplane, April 2014.jpg]] was tagged as OTRS pending since June, however this ticket was received in September. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 09:25, 14 September 2015 (UTC)
:I cannot find evidence that [[:File:Michael Wildes, Bill Clinton, June 2012.jpg]] has ever existed. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 10:16, 15 September 2015 (UTC)

::{{ping|Storkk}} [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=File:Michael_Wildes,_Bill_Clinton,_June_2012.jpg Commons] [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 13:42, 15 September 2015 (UTC)
:::Yep... I should have updated this page with [[:C:Commons:Undeletion_requests/Current_requests#File:Michael_Wildes.2C_Bill_Clinton.2C_June_2012.jpg|this link]]. Cheers, [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 13:48, 15 September 2015 (UTC)

== permissions for File:Salvatore J Stolfo.jpg ==

Hi, I received a note regarding permissions for this file (the note is here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Hatebott#Deletion_pending_for_File:Salvatore_J_Stolfo.jpg). I had posted the picture on behalf of the owner of the photo, so I'd e-mailed a statement of permission as described in the initial note. Recently, though, I've received a second note about permissions and I'm not entirely sure what to do so I'm posting my story here and asking for your help. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Hatebott|Hatebott]] ([[User talk:Hatebott|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Hatebott|contribs]]) 17:58, 15 September 2015 (UTC) 
:This is [[:Ticket:201507011002311]]. {{ping|Hatebott}} a request for clarification was sent on 2015-09-06 and has not yet received a response. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 19:57, 15 September 2015 (UTC)

== Dan Rodrigues.png permission has been sent ==

I received word this AM that a proper permissions email has been sent for Dan Rodrigues.png, for the article of the same name. Posting per instructions left on my talk page.[[User:Timtempleton|Timtempleton]] ([[User talk:Timtempleton|talk]]) 19:52, 15 September 2015 (UTC)
:Note: This concerns [[:ticket:2015070210022119]], [[:ticket:2015091110017515]], and [[:File:Dan Rodrigues.png]]. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 20:45, 15 September 2015 (UTC)
:Thanks, {{u|Timtempleton}}. These are being dealt with. Permission from copyright holder seems to have been received on 2015-09-14. I have removed the no-permission template from the file to alleviate your sense of urgency. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 20:45, 15 September 2015 (UTC)

== Email permission sent for File:JF photo standard.jpg ==

I have just forwarded the Email permission sent for File:JF photo standard.jpg — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Paulodell|Paulodell]] ([[User talk:Paulodell|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Paulodell|contribs]]) 09:19, 16 September 2015 (UTC) 

Ticket#2015091610010281 — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Paulodell|Paulodell]] ([[User talk:Paulodell|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Paulodell|contribs]]) 07:10, 18 September 2015 (UTC) 
:{{u|Paulodell}} Thanks for identifying the ticket number, that made it much easier to find. The permission statement as provided was not quite sufficient. I've written out one it is sufficient, and identified one other small issue that needs to be addressed. I emailed both you and the subject a few minutes ago.--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 15:51, 20 September 2015 (UTC)

==Email permission set for Audrey Capel Doray Hexagon on June 29, 2015 from Conceptual Aesthetics==
— Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Conceptual-Aesthetics|Conceptual-Aesthetics]] ([[User talk:Conceptual-Aesthetics|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Conceptual-Aesthetics|contribs]]) 18:46, 16 September 2015‎
*This heading without a message obviously refers to [[:File:Hexagon-Six-Panel Multi-Media Installation by Audrey Capel Doray.jpg]]. Can someone please check the mailbox for the permission? [[User:De728631|De728631]] ([[User talk:De728631|talk]]) 19:41, 16 September 2015 (UTC)
::I just did a search and did not find it. That said the search function doesn't always seem to work as well as we would like, so the fact that my search failed is not proof that it isn't there.

::I'm not sure why it was uploaded to Wikimedia rather than Commons, although this may simply be a case of a person not knowing where it belongs. I mention this because I have been trying to keep the Commons backlog in check- there are currently only 22 open items in Commons in the English language, and I think I have looked at them all (none are older than seven days old). The Wikipedia backlog is longer, more than 200. I haven't and do not plan to look at all of those individually. If the person who provided the permission could respond to the ticket number I can look into it.--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 19:50, 16 September 2015 (UTC)
:::I found it and processed it. (FYI, the search failed because the filename wasn't mentioned in the permission!) --[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 14:25, 17 September 2015 (UTC)
::::Thank you. I transferred the file to Commons. [[User:De728631|De728631]] ([[User talk:De728631|talk]]) 20:20, 18 September 2015 (UTC)

{{resolved}}--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 15:51, 20 September 2015 (UTC)

== [[:File:JordiFolchPi.jpg]] and [[:File:AlbertFolch2.jpg]] ==

Can an OTRS volunteer take a look at these files and see if they are OK for upload as free? "JordiFolchPi" was lacking permission, but this seems to have be resolved by additional information added to the source for the image. The same was done for "AlbertFolch2.jpg", but not sure if this is sufficient since the file's metadata lists does not list the subject of the photo as the original copyright holder. Anyway, the uploader seems to be getting frustrated with having the same photos deleted or flagged for issues, so I'm hoping there's a way to help them out. They say that [[File talk:JordiFolchPi.jpg#Licensing issues|even though permission's emails were sent to OTRS, they have not yet be verified]], so perhaps an OTRS volunteer can check into this for them. Thanks in advance. - [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 22:54, 19 September 2015 (UTC)
: {{u|Marchjuly}} I did a search of the OTRS database for "AlbertFolch2.jpg" and "JordiFolchPi.jpg" and came up empty. If they submitted to OTRS, they get an immediate return email which includes the ticket number. If they can supply the ticket number I can search again. Normally, I would think it would be impossible to provide a permission statement that did not include a reference to the image name, but I saw it happen this week so people do manage to do it. Searching on a ticket number won't run into that problem.--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 14:10, 20 September 2015 (UTC)

: I notice that [[:File:AlbertFolch2.jpg]] Has a copyright assigned to Scott Manthey. I searched the OTRS database to see if there was a permission statement from Scott, but I did not find one. We either need a permission statement from Scott or documentation that the copyright was transferred to someone else who can provide permission. (I do understand that the hoops that must be jumped through are a bit frustrating but they are driven by copyright law not Wikimedia rules)--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 14:31, 20 September 2015 (UTC)

::Thanks for checking {{u|Sphilbrick|S Phibrick}}. I updated the uploader about your reply and asked them for the ticket number per your request. (I pinged you in that post, just in case I got things wrong or in case you wanted to provide further clarification yourself.) For reference, I did previously mention at [[User talk:Rogerfpurcell#File permission problem with File:JordiFolchPi.jpg_2]] that the metadata of "AlbertFoch2" indicates the name of the copyright holder of the image and they gave their response in the thread where I pinged you. If you check the source links provided for both "[https://plus.google.com/photos/+AlbertFolchFolch/albums/6026153309357239473/6026153334250135378?pid=6026153334250135378&oid=102864211467583145284 JordiFolchPi]" and "[https://picasaweb.google.com/102864211467583145284/ProfilePhotos?noredirect=1#6194942100760030018 AlbertFolch2]", a statement has been added by Albert Folch which says: "This image can be re-used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License." Is this acceptable in lieu of an OTRS permissions email? If it is, then the {{tl|di-no permission}} tag can be removed from "JordiFolchPi" at least, right? I'm still not sure though if such a statement is acceptable for the "AlbertFolch2" since it's not clear whether that means there has been a transfer of copyright. - [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 22:13, 20 September 2015 (UTC)
::: {{u|Marchjuly}} Unfortunately, no, it is not acceptable for two reasons, one minor, one significant. We do need to have contact information on file and an email from someone constitutes contact information but a note on a Wikipedia page does not. The more serious concern is we need to have some evidence that the person supplying the permission is the copyright holder. That would seem to be quite challenging. I understand the photo came from the family, but the original copyright holder is the photographer. In recent years it is quite common for photographers to transfer the copyright along with the photo but that hasn't always been the case. I don't know when that photograph was taken but it appears to be of an age during which it was not common for photographers to automatically transfer copyright. Therefore we either need permission from the photographer or evidence that the photographer has been dead for at least 70 years (that last point is from memory I'll have to check it if that turns out to be relevant).--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 23:52, 20 September 2015 (UTC)

:::: OK Sphilbrick. I understand about the notes left on the files' Wikipedia pages, but what about notes left on the Picassa pages where the files have been posted. For example, whould [https://plus.google.com/photos/+AlbertFolchFolch/albums/6026153309357239473/6026153334250135378?pid=6026153334250135378&oid=102864211467583145284 this] be considered acceptable as an explicit declaration of consent that the file is free to use per CC 3.0. I believe it was text recently added to the image by the Albert Folch, the owner of the Picassa page. Should "AlbertFolch2" also be tagged with "no permission" if this kind of declaration is not acceptable? If you've answered this above, then sorry for repeating. Today looks like its going to be a "bad hair day" for me, so my brain is working a little slower than it usually does. - [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 00:22, 21 September 2015 (UTC)

== California High-Speed Rail images ==

On 9/23/15 I received an email indicating that you did not have the permission for an image. However, I had already sent in the permission. Here is a forward of the permission I received on 7/31/15.

PER YOUR INSTRUCTIONS, I AM ALSO POSTING THE EMAIL HERE...
:<contents of email removed> {{U|Robert92107}} the image in question exists on Commons as [[:File:Statewide Topo 22X34 July 2014.jpg]] and has been marked with the appropriate permissions and was dealt with under OTRS ticket 2015073110017821. The file on Wikipedia [[:File:California topographical map of proposed HSR route (2014).jpg]] is a duplicate and should be deleted under [[WP:F8]]. [[User:Nthep|Nthep]] ([[User talk:Nthep|talk]]) 20:07, 24 September 2015 (UTC)

== Two files ==

* [[:File:The Center for Longevity building on Viceroy Drive, Dallas, Texas.jpg]]
* [[:File:The CVL Building.jpg]]
These files have inconsistent source and licensing information. One of the files has an OTRS ticket. Is the information in the OTRS ticket correct, and does the conflicting information from the duplicate copy somehow invalidate the OTRS ticket? --[[User:Stefan2|Stefan2]] ([[User talk:Stefan2|talk]]) 21:27, 22 September 2015 (UTC)
:{{ping|Stefan2}} The OTRS ticket on [[:File:The Center for Longevity building on Viceroy Drive, Dallas, Texas.jpg]] is plausible to me, and is not invalidated by [[:File:The CVL Building.jpg]]. [[:File:The CVL Building.jpg]] is, however, an exact duplicate and I have tagged it as such. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 18:00, 28 September 2015 (UTC)
::Pinging [[User:Mdann52|ticket owner]]. The direct ticket link is [[:ticket:2015061210017261]]. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 18:05, 28 September 2015 (UTC)
:::Appears ok to me - note that they have previously used this as their [https://www.facebook.com/154263011395607/photos/pb.154263011395607.-2207520000.1443473848./454615208027051/?type=3&theater Facebook picture], so it appears they do own the rights to this. [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 20:59, 28 September 2015 (UTC)

==new Wikimedia confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information==
All OTRS editors should have received an email as well as a notification on your user talk pages at the Meta Wikipedia.
* [[m:Access to nonpublic information policy/MassMessages/Initial notice to OTRS volunteers]]
"The Wikimedia Foundation is requiring that OTRS volunteers sign the new confidentiality agreement by 31 December 2015 to retain their access." They're using the new legalpad Phabricator. [[m:Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information/How to sign]]. Just wanted to pass this along in case you're like me and don't check the Meta Wikipedia and/or email that often. [[User:Mkdw|Mkdw]][[User talk:Mkdw|''talk'']] 02:44, 1 October 2015 (UTC)

== File:Janice min 14.jpg ==

Would like to request verification of the OTRS copyright permission. It was uploaded by a user blocked by {{ping|Smartse}}. Many of the uploader's other image uploads were deleted for copyright reasons.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Janice_min_14.jpg

[[User:CorporateM|David King, Ethical Wiki]] ([[User_talk:CorporateM|Talk]]) 18:30, 25 September 2015 (UTC)
:This one appears to be fine. Paging {{U|TLSuda}} who verified the ticket earlier. —[[User:SpacemanSpiff|Spaceman]]'''[[User_talk:SpacemanSpiff|Spiff]]''' 18:48, 25 September 2015 (UTC)
::Well it looks fine, but its also from a generic free email company. The email address is not found on the alleged photographer's website. And the image has the tag on it, which a photographer likely would not have included. I might have not covered this one as well as I have others. I'll ask for more information. I've updated the image. If we don't hear back in a bit of time, we can probably go ahead and remove this image as a potential copyright violation. Thanks, '''''[[User:TLSuda|TLSuda]]''''' ([[User talk:TLSuda|talk]]) 00:07, 26 September 2015 (UTC)
:::{{U|TLSuda}}, I did a brief check on the email address before posting here, I'll leave a note on your talk page on OTRS wiki. —[[User:SpacemanSpiff|Spaceman]]'''[[User_talk:SpacemanSpiff|Spiff]]''' 06:33, 26 September 2015 (UTC)
:::{{ping|TLSuda}}, you might want to ask directly at ''The Hollywood Reporter'' too [http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/janice-min-head-billboard-thr-669091]. [[User:De728631|De728631]] ([[User talk:De728631|talk]]) 19:29, 1 October 2015 (UTC)

== [[:File:Kocharian-debate.jpg]] ==

This file is tagged with {{tl|ConfirmationImageOTRS}}, which was added by the uploader, who is not an OTRS member. There is no author information. The uploader also has a fair share of blocks under their name. Can an OTRS member look into this and see if the ticket number is valid? — [[User:Explicit|'''ξ''']][[User talk:Explicit|xplicit]] 22:21, 3 October 2015 (UTC)
:It has been removed as invalid.--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 19:59, 5 October 2015 (UTC)

== Change attribution for Commons photo? ==

I submitted a photo to Commons that pertained to a current event and got permission from my friend, the author, to submit it under my name and have it be attributed to my username in order to post it quickly (she didn't want to create a Commons account). It ended up being used in the national media and I would like to make sure she gets proper credit. Can someone point me in the right direction on how to resolve this? [[User:Valfontis|Valfontis]] ([[User talk:Valfontis|talk]]) 17:19, 4 October 2015 (UTC)

:{{ping|Valfontis}} Sure thing! Can you drop us an email at {{nospam|info-en|wikimedia.org}}, and I (or whoever finds it first!) will get this sorted out. Just mention Mdann52 said they would deal with this and it'll find it's way to me. [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 11:53, 5 October 2015 (UTC)

::Awesome, thanks! [[User:Valfontis|Valfontis]] ([[User talk:Valfontis|talk]]) 17:38, 5 October 2015 (UTC)
:::{{Ping|Mdann52}} [[:ticket:2015100510022545]]. I've marked the image as {{tl|OTRS received}}, copyright holder should confirm license. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 13:20, 6 October 2015 (UTC)

::::I'm contacting the copyright holder. When she gives me her e-mail I'll have her contact you--I expect I'll get an e-mail about this? [[User:Valfontis|Valfontis]] ([[User talk:Valfontis|talk]]) 15:33, 6 October 2015 (UTC)

== File:Beverly_Willis,_2015.jpg ==

Update on OTRS pending for File:Beverly Willis, 2015.jpg -- The copyright holder has emailed a statement of permission. Ticket#: 2015101010010619 — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Brunelleschi9|Brunelleschi9]] ([[User talk:Brunelleschi9|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Brunelleschi9|contribs]]) 15:29, 10 October 2015 (UTC) 

== Files by [[User:Lift truck]] ==

{{User|Lift truck}} uploaded files, claiming he works for Toyota Material Handling, U.S.A. and has the right to release them under a free license. [[:File:Toyota 6-series.jpg]] and [[:File:Toyota 8-series.jpg]] are tagged with {{tl|PermissionOTRS}}, but [[:File:Toyota's first US Lift Truck.JPG]] and [[:File:Toyota's first forklift.JPG]] are not. Is the second group of files covered under the ticket number for the first group of files, or are they lacking evidence of permission? — [[User:Explicit|'''ξ''']][[User talk:Explicit|xplicit]] 18:54, 10 October 2015 (UTC)
:{{ping|Explicit}} The ticket only covers [[:File:Toyota 8-series.jpg]], [[:File:Toyota 7-series.jpg]], [[:File:Toyota 6-series.jpg]], and [[:File:Toyota 5-series.jpg]]. [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 20:44, 10 October 2015 (UTC)

== permissions ==
:{{lf|EC135 at WAA.jpg}}
Hi,

I created the pages for Bond Offshore Helicopters and Bond Air Services. I am the copyright holder for the images referenced in the notes below and have permission to publish them accordingly.

Thanks

John Fyall
{{hat}}
Deletion pending for File:EC135 at WAA.jpg[edit]

Hello, Flerg. Some time ago, a file you uploaded — File:EC135 at WAA.jpg — was tagged with {{tl|OTRS pending}}, indicating that you (or perhaps the copyright holder if you did not create this image) submitted a statement of permission to permissions-en@wikimedia.org. Though there is often a backlog processing messages received at this address, we should have received your message by now.
If you have not submitted (or forwarded) a statement of permission, please send it immediately to permissions-en@wikimedia.org and let us know at the OTRS noticeboard that you have done so.
If you have already sent this message, it is possible that there was a problem receiving it. Please re-send it to permissions-en@wikimedia.org and let us know at the OTRS noticeboard that you have done so.

If we don't hear from you within one week, the file will be deleted. If we can help you, please feel free to ask at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 14:44, 8 October 2015 (UTC)

Deletion pending for File:Bond Offshore Helicopters logo.png[edit]

Hello, Flerg. Some time ago, a file you uploaded — File:Bond Offshore Helicopters logo.png — was tagged with {{tl|OTRS pending}}, indicating that you (or perhaps the copyright holder if you did not create this image) submitted a statement of permission to permissions-en@wikimedia.org. Though there is often a backlog processing messages received at this address, we should have received your message by now.
If you have not submitted (or forwarded) a statement of permission, please send it immediately to permissions-en@wikimedia.org and let us know at the OTRS noticeboard that you have done so.
If you have already sent this message, it is possible that there was a problem receiving it. Please re-send it to permissions-en@wikimedia.org and let us know at the OTRS noticeboard that you have done so.

If we don't hear from you within one week, the file will be deleted. If we can help you, please feel free to ask at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 14:46, 11 October 2015 (UTC)
{{hab}}

:{{ping|Flerg}} Thank you for your message. Please note that it is not sufficient to merely tell us here that you are the copyright holder - documentation needs to be submitted to '''permissions-en@wikimedia.org'''. When you uploaded [[:File:EC135 at WAA.jpg]], you stated that "Bond Air Services" was the author. Is that correct? If so, then we need to have a statement of permission similar to the one found at [[WP:CONSENT]] from someone authorized to issue licenses on behalf of this company. --[[User:B|B]] ([[User talk:B|talk]]) 12:43, 12 October 2015 (UTC)

== Regarding Image Verification of (File:Vattan Sandhu Punjabi Singer.jpg) ==

Actually I have uploaded an image which was sent to me in message for use on Wikipedia by Author/Owner.
Now please guide me how can I validate this? Should I send you screen shot of that message?
:{{ping|Vattansandhu}} There are a couple issues to address. You uploaded the image to Wikipedia rather than Commons. With rare exceptions, which don't hear to apply here, images such as this should be uploaded to Commons. That's not a major deal, as a bot will eventually move it, although I think it's actually easier to upload to Commons than it is to Wikipedia.

:The copyright owner should send in a permission statement indicating their willingness to license it. You can find the desired wording at this link:
:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Email_templates

:I note that the image is a photo of an individual but the file information claims the same individual is the author. Does this mean it was photographed using a self timer? If it was photographed using a self timer, in addition to the permission statement, the subject should state that it was created with a self timer. If was a photograph taken by someone else we either need the permission statement from the person that took it, or affirmation that the copyright was transferred from the photographer to the subject.

:Finally, the uploaded image is not the original photograph. It would be helpful if the permission statement could include the original photo as an attachment so we can be sure we are in communication with the copyright holder.--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 15:26, 12 October 2015 (UTC)

== Pamela Meyer - Permission has been resent ==

I have just resent the license to use the photo of Pamela Meyer to permissions-en. Thank you. [[User:JSFarman2|JSFarman2]] ([[User talk:JSFarman2|talk]]) 14:44, 12 October 2015 (UTC)
:{{ping|JSFarman2}} Sorry in advance if I'm missing something. I see a new ticket created on 12 October stating that it's a resend but it didn't include a permission statement. However, if the permission relates to:
:[[:File:PamelaMeyerSeptember2015.jpg]]
:A permission statement was filed and accepted in September. The permission tag is on the image.
:I do not think anything needs to be done but your note suggests that you received a message that your permission statement wasn't received.
:I'm curious to know what you received, although I will understand that your primary focus may be on making sure that permission is confirmed.
:Adding a ping to {{ping|Jcb}} in case they know something I'm missing.--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 15:14, 12 October 2015 (UTC)
::I had another look at the ticket on [[:File:PamelaMeyerSeptember2015.jpg]] and everything seems fine to me. So if you are talking about that file, don't worry, everything is in order. [[User:Jcb|Jcb]] ([[User talk:Jcb|talk]]) 15:40, 12 October 2015 (UTC)
:::There was a bot notice on my talk page. Thank you! [[User:JSFarman2|JSFarman2]] ([[User talk:JSFarman2|talk]]) 16:25, 12 October 2015 (UTC)
::::Ok, I see what you mean. [[:File:PamelaMeyer2015.jpg]] is a scaled-down duplicate of [[:File:PamelaMeyerSeptember2015.jpg]]. I have removed the 'no permission tag', but the low-resolution version will be deleted anyway, because we have a better version available. [[User:Jcb|Jcb]] ([[User talk:Jcb|talk]]) 21:03, 12 October 2015 (UTC)
{{resolved}}--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 00:29, 13 October 2015 (UTC)

== Check requested ==

Is [[:File:Echofrombridge.jpg]] covered by the same ticket as [[:File:Sunderland Echo 001.jpg]]? [[User:Kelly|'''Kelly''']] [[User talk:Kelly|hi!]] 09:56, 14 October 2015 (UTC)
:{{ping|Kelly}} the ticket covers
:[[:File:Echonewsroomcc.jpg]], [[:File:Firstechopic.jpg]], [[:File:Echo001.jpg]], [[:File:Echovan.jpg]], [[:File:Echo003.jpg]], [[:File:Echopressnow.jpg]], [[:File:Echodig.jpg]], [[:File:Echoofficebeamish.jpg]], [[:File:Echoboy.jpg]]
:I can't find any ticket relating to [[:File:Echofrombridge.jpg]] but I will contact the person who gave the original consent to see what the position is in relation to this image. [[User:Nthep|Nthep]] ([[User talk:Nthep|talk]]) 11:22, 14 October 2015 (UTC)

== File: Stanley Silverman at Home ==

I have forwarded express permission from the author of the work for use on Wikipedia to permissions-en@wikimedia.org — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Devushkao|Devushkao]] ([[User talk:Devushkao|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Devushkao|contribs]]) 04:14, 13 October 2015 (UTC) 
:<s>If you are referring to [[:File:Stanley_Silverman_with_James_Taylor.png]], this was resolved by [[:Ticket:2015101110014266]]. If you are talking about a different file, please specify it more precisely. Thanks, [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 13:48, 14 October 2015 (UTC)</s>
:{{ping|Devushkao}} Actually, it looks like you are referring to [[:File:Stanley Silverman at Home.png]] for which an email has been received, but is insufficient ([[ticket:2015101310004121]]). [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 13:55, 14 October 2015 (UTC)

== OTRS-tickets for promotional content? ==

Hello, I just came across [[Carla Fache]]. Apparently permission for the article's content (copied from the artist's website) has been validated via an OTRS-ticket (2011043010564379). Of course I understand, that OTRS is primarily about verification of permissions, and not about judging the suitability of such content. But still, it feels wrong to validate contributed content, when it violates several fundamental guidelines of Wikipedia ([[WP:NOTPROMO]], [[WP:NPOV]], [[WP:SPS]] just to name a few). If such content is contributed, are the contributors informed about such possible problems? I appreciate, that OTRS-volunteers cannot proofread every single contribution, just wondering about the handling of such cases, and possible safety measures to prevent COI misuse. [[User:GermanJoe|GermanJoe]] ([[User talk:GermanJoe|talk]]) 20:49, 15 October 2015 (UTC)
:As a minor note, I'd like to mention that OTRS does a number of things other than simply permissions. However in the context of a permission request, which are mostly about images but occasionally about text, the main task is to ensure that the person supplying the license is actually the copyright holder or an authorized representative of the copyright holder and has provided a license that works for us. We do not, in general, opine on the suitability of the material for Wikipedia articles.

:I do not think it would be a good idea to encourage or expect that. In some cases of permissions for text, the covered material is fairly short, but in other cases it is quite voluminous. It would be an unreasonable burden on an OTRS agent to expect them to review all of the text on the chance that some particular snippet might be used in the article.

:In some cases, I have one the copyright owner that our acceptance of the license is not the same as approving it for inclusion in an article. In many cases, the pros on a website which often is promotional in nature is quite inappropriate for an article. However when I do so I feel I am doing so over and above my duty as an OTRS agent and I'm not convinced it should become a required practice.

:In the specific case of this article, the text is obviously quite promotional. I hope no one assumes that acceptance of a permission statement via OTRS means the language has been approved for inclusion in a Wikipedia article. We might debate whether such wording is needed although I don't think it is. I see the concern about copyright was expressed on the AfD page, and you pointed out that it was licensed. However, I don't see any suggestion there, nor do I ever recall seeing a situation where someone assume that if the text was licensed that it meant it was okay to use in an editorial sense. It only means that copyright issues have been resolved.--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 21:30, 15 October 2015 (UTC)

::Thank you for the additional information. I noticed, that such text contributions are also included in [[:Category:Items_with_OTRS_permission_confirmed]] just like images. With 3,000 contributions (most of them likely legitimate or relatively uncritical), and only 500 of them BLPs, the issue is probably not as widespread as I thought. I'll do some more random checks, when I have more time. [[User:GermanJoe|GermanJoe]] ([[User talk:GermanJoe|talk]]) 22:30, 15 October 2015 (UTC)

== Charlotte Verity Portrait ==

Hi

We have permission for the photograph, named in the subject above, to be uploaded to Wikipedia and used by Wikipedia and it's users free from any further need for permission.

Nicola — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/86.162.60.21|86.162.60.21]] ([[User talk:86.162.60.21|talk]]) 18:50, 19 October 2015 (UTC) 

== José Pereira Coutinho image ==

The image was uploaded by me with the authorization of José Pereira Coutinho himself. It is an image that was edited with the background of the house added. This house is where the Parliament of Portugal is located in Lisbon. Many photos of Coutinho were taken on that site on that day (end of August 2015). However, none of the photos matched greatly with the background. Therefore, this photo is the combination of two photos that we own. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Gicacoca|Gicacoca]] ([[User talk:Gicacoca|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Gicacoca|contribs]]) 14:46, 18 October 2015 (UTC) 
:{{Ping|Gicacoca}} we need permission from the copyright holder (usually the photographer), not the person ''in'' the photo. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 12:55, 20 October 2015 (UTC)
It will be very difficult for us to find a proof from the photographer that he is the owner of the photo because the photo was taken without any contract. It is a free work that the photographer did for Coutinho. Could you please advise what can be done to overcome this? Thank you. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Gicacoca|Gicacoca]] ([[User talk:Gicacoca|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Gicacoca|contribs]]) 17:23, 22 October 2015 (UTC) 
:{{Ping|Gicacoca}} Please ask the photographer to send a license confirmation available at [[WP:CONSENT]]. If the photographer refuses to confirm the license, there's not much we can do. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 15:50, 27 October 2015 (UTC)

== [[:File:David Elmasllari.jpg]] ==

Please inspect the OTRS permissions for this file. Template added by uploader. [[User:Timtrent|Fiddle]] [[User talk:Timtrent|Faddle]] 11:07, 24 October 2015 (UTC)
: it looks fine to me, although the last T hasn't yet been crossed. There are a couple issues the <s>uploaded</s> uploader needed to address, they have been addressed, now we just need for the agent handling it to finalize it.--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 15:28, 27 October 2015 (UTC)
{{resolved|1=[[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 15:52, 27 October 2015 (UTC)}}

== [[:File:Laura Branigan live in Massachusetts.jpg]] ==

I uploaded a photo of the singer Laura Branigan last week and have been in contact with the copyright holder guiding them through the process of getting an OTRS ticket for it. According to them, the declaration of consent email was sent to the OTRS team yesterday, however the image has been deleted prematurely in the early hours of this morning by an administrator. So I ask: what do I do now? Do I re-upload it? — [[User:Dell9300|Dell9300]] ([[User talk:Dell9300|talk]]) 13:48, 30 October 2015 (UTC)
:{{ping|Dell9300}} The file will be restored once the ticket has been processed. [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 17:54, 30 October 2015 (UTC)
::I found the ticket and consider it sufficient. I restored the file and tagged it with the proper ticket number. The ticket will be responded to and confirmed by an OTRS-permissions agent. <big>☺</big> · [[User:Salvidrim!|Salvidrim!]] · [[User talk:Salvidrim|✉]] 04:29, 4 November 2015 (UTC)

== File:Robert Jolles.jpg ==

Can an OTRS volunteer take a peek at [[:File:Robert Jolles.jpg]]. It's uploaded as non-free, but since this person is still living there is no reason not expect that a free equivalent cannot be created per [[:WP:NFCC#1]]. So, I have tagged it with {{tl|Di-replaceable fair use}}. However, the non-free use rationale seems to contain a statement stating from the original copyright holder, Merrill Worthington, which states: {{tq|I agree to publish that work under the free license "Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0" (unported) and GNU Free Documentation License (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts). I acknowledge that - by doing so - I will grant anyone the right to use the work in a commercial product or otherwise, and to modify it according to their needs, provided that they abide by the terms of the license and any other applicable laws.}} I'm pretty sure that something more formal than this is needed for verification purposes, but maybe this would mean the image is really "free" and and should be tagged with {{tl|No permission}} instead. The "Di-replaceable fair use" tag gives the uploader only to November 1, 2015 to fix the problem, but the "no permission" would give them until November 12, which is a big difference. Thanks in advance. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 23:18, 30 October 2015 (UTC)
:Search on <tt>Robert Jolles.jpg</tt> and <tt>File:Robert Jolles.jpg</tt> (and the full link) all gives {{tq|No ticket data found.}} I think this is enough to say we haven't received any tickets regarding the file. — regards, [[User:-revi|Revi]] 13:31, 31 October 2015 (UTC)
::Thanks for checking {{u|-revi|Revi}}. For reference, the file was deleted per [[:WP:F7]]. If an OTRS permisson is eventually found, then the uploader can request that it be restored per [[:WP:RfU]]. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 04:14, 4 November 2015 (UTC)
*{{u|Marchjuly}}: I won't comment on {{u|-revi}}'s search fu, but the ticket was located easily: [[ticket:2015090210027272]]. The files were joined to the e-mail, and the OTRS agent replied asking "what article are they for" (since there was no mention of Robert Jolles and the files had numerical titles). One of the two files was a better-quality copy of what is now deleted at [[:File:Robert Jolles.jpg]]. The full e-mail is more than sufficient when it comes to licensing. I think we should upload both files and tag them with the OTRS ticket and the licenses they were released under, and add them to [[Robert Jolles]]. <big>☺</big> · [[User:Salvidrim!|Salvidrim!]] · [[User talk:Salvidrim|✉]] 04:38, 4 November 2015 (UTC)
::Thanks for re-checking Salvidrim. If you found the relevant OTRS ticket and verified the email, then I can't think of a reason why the image cannot be restored and re-added to the article. Maybe it should even be moved to Commons? I cannot restore the file because I am not an admin, but perhaps {{u|Explicit}} can help if necessary since they deleted the file. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 05:54, 4 November 2015 (UTC)
:::The deleted file is a VERSION (a poorer one) of of the two files actually licensed in the ticket, hence my preference for a fresh upload of the file really licensed properly. And I've no objections to seeing them uploaded (by myself or another) on Enwiki or Commons. <big>☺</big> · [[User:Salvidrim!|Salvidrim!]] · [[User talk:Salvidrim|✉]] 06:10, 4 November 2015 (UTC)
::::I am not an admin or OTRS volunteer so I cannot see each photo to comment on which is better. I just posted here because the "poorer version" was non-free of a living person (thus failing NFCC#1), but also seemed to have a permissions email in its nfur (thus possibly meaning it wasn't non-free to begin with). My concerns regarding the image have been resolved now that its OTRS status has been sorted out. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 06:25, 4 November 2015 (UTC)

== File: AlbertFolch2.jpg should not be deleted! Please stop tagging it ==

Sorry this file keeps on getting deleted by one of your Bots ... This is just absurd, this file was taken by the author himself and emailed to me. I've tried many different ways of submitting this image, the author himself has submitted the image and it just doesn't work. The technology you guys use is inadequate because there is no way to understand it by normal people, there is no other way to put it. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Rogerfpurcell|Rogerfpurcell]] ([[User talk:Rogerfpurcell|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rogerfpurcell|contribs]]) 21:19, 4 November 2015 (UTC) 

:{{reply to|Rogerfpurcell}} The files were not deleted by a bot; They were deleted by an adminstrator named {{u|Explicit|Explicit}} per [[:WP:F11]]. This has been discussed before at [[:Wikipedia:OTRS noticeboard/Archive 4#File:JordiFolchPi.jpg and File:AlbertFolch2.jpg]] and on your user talk page. As {{u|Sphilbrick|S Philbrick}} explained at the time, no OTRS permissions email could be found for either image and there were other problems as well. The images were tagged with {{tl|OTRS pending}} for quite some time before being deleted, so I am assuming that a permisson email could not be found for either file. Do you know if a "[[:WP:CONSENT|declaration of consent]]" email was sent to OTRS? If so, then the person who sent the email should've received a reply from OTRS which included a ticket (reference) number. This number can be used by OTRS to find the email and verify it. If they find everything to be in order, they can restore both images. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 22:05, 4 November 2015 (UTC)

::{{ping|Rogerfpurcell}} please see [[Wikipedia:OTRS_noticeboard/Archive_4#File:JordiFolchPi.jpg_and_File:AlbertFolch2.jpg]]
::In short, we need to have an acceptable permission statement on file and we have not received one. Please let me know if you need more information.--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 22:43, 4 November 2015 (UTC)

== Wikipedia disconnect leaves editors defenseless ==

I'm trying to resolve an issue with OTRS (image AlbertFolch2.jpg being deleted), I just raised the issue and meanwhile I undeleted the file (because I know it's perfectly valid). But KylieTastic undid my changes. Wouldn't it be more productive if you assumed that we are being honest, and you talked to each other? From our end, it feels we are being questioned by the police. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Rogerfpurcell|Rogerfpurcell]] ([[User talk:Rogerfpurcell|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Rogerfpurcell|contribs]]) 21:54, 4 November 2015 (UTC) 
:Just for reference, {{u|KylieTastic}} did not delete the file; All they did was remove the link of a deleted file. When a file is deleted, it is no longer displayed in the various Wikipedia articles, etc. were it was being used. The links to the file, however, often remain until they are eventually removed by a bot or an editor. What you saw was a bot removing a [[:WP:REDLINK|red link]] to a file that no longer existed. You then undid the bot's edit and re-added the red link (the image had been deleted, so all you did was re-add the link). KylieTastic simply removed the link because as they said in their {{diff|Jordi Folch Pi|next|689085850|edit sum}} it is {{tq|pointless adding back link to a file that has been deleted (unless re-upload or restored by OTRS first)}}. -- [[User:Marchjuly|Marchjuly]] ([[User talk:Marchjuly|talk]]) 22:17, 4 November 2015 (UTC)
:: see the section above. My apologies for your observation that you feel like you're being questioned by the police, but I can assure you that many images are uploaded every day without the permission of the copyright holder and we take great pains to respect copyright. In some cases, as in this one, we may be deleting an image for which the copyright holder is perfectly happy to provide permission but we need some evidence. At the moment we do not have it.--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 22:47, 4 November 2015 (UTC)

== Beverley Heath Hoyland ==

I had previously sent an email relating to the image uploaded to the page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverley_Heath_Hoyland and including a copy of the release signed by Tony Hutchings. I did not receive an OTRS ticket.

As such, the image was removed. I have subsequently re-uploaded the image and sent, again, the licence release to permissions-en@wikimedia.org and received the ticket: Ticket#2015111210004693. Please check.

Many thanks — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:SanjitChudha|SanjitChudha]] ([[User talk:SanjitChudha|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/SanjitChudha|contribs]]) 05:01, 12 November 2015 (UTC) 

:Please see Ticket#2015073110004496. More specific permissions is requested, waiting for reply. [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 05:58, 12 November 2015 (UTC)

== [[:File:Josiah-henson-cabin-img-034510.jpg]] ==

According to [[Wikipedia:Files for discussion/2015 November 6#File:Josiah-henson-cabin-img-034510.jpg]], this issue with this image has been resolved, but was never properly tagged with {{tl|OTRS permission}} template. The ticket number is [[Ticket:2015042210014391|2015042210014391]]. Can someone take a look and verify if this is the case? — [[User:Explicit|'''ξ''']][[User talk:Explicit|xplicit]] 02:37, 16 November 2015 (UTC)

== [[:File:Jasun Martz.jpg]] ==
{{Resolved}}
Could someone please verify the image license on this file? When the OTRS ticket was added, it was public domain...but afterwards another user showed up (possibly the photographer) and changed it to {{tl|attribution}}. Thanks! [[User:Kelly|'''Kelly''']] [[User talk:Kelly|hi!]] 17:00, 12 November 2015 (UTC)
:{{ping|Kelly}} Clear PD declaration in the ticket, I've tagged and moved to Commons accordingly. [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 21:44, 17 November 2015 (UTC)

== Daniel Clitovnici ==

[[Draft:Daniel Clitnovici]] has just been restored after a [[WP:REFUND#Daniel Clitnovici|request at WP:REFUND]]; however, the title [[Daniel Clitnovici]] was salted in 2009 after articles were twice deleted due to ticket#2009010910019026. Please comment here or on the draft page as to whether this ticket gives any reason why the draft should be declined if it is otherwise acceptable. [[User:JohnCD|JohnCD]] ([[User talk:JohnCD|talk]]) 13:49, 17 November 2015 (UTC)
:{{ping|JohnCD}} I suspect this is ok and a case of mistaken identity, so ok to restore. [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 18:12, 17 November 2015 (UTC)
::Based on the list of teams played for, the subject of the present draft is the same person as the subject of the deleted articles from 2009. Do you mean that the 2009 caller to OTRS was not that man? [[User:JohnCD|JohnCD]] ([[User talk:JohnCD|talk]]) 18:17, 17 November 2015 (UTC)
:::It's borderline enough for me to say that I'm not going to hold the OTRS ticket against this, and I don't think that under the current procedures, this would lead to deletion. [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 18:39, 17 November 2015 (UTC)
::::Thanks. I have unsalted the title so that the draft can be published if accepted. [[User:JohnCD|JohnCD]] ([[User talk:JohnCD|talk]]) 22:20, 17 November 2015 (UTC)

== [[:File:Lloyd and Bailey.jpg]] ==

Requesting a ticket check for correct attribution. The name of the photographer was changed by an IP editor after the OTRS ticket was added. [[User:Kelly|'''Kelly''']] [[User talk:Kelly|hi!]] 02:14, 14 November 2015 (UTC)
:The ticket doesn't provide attribution. And to be honest, I don't think the license grant is sufficient; "free to be used" isn't "free to modify" per se. '''[[User:LFaraone|L]][[User talk:LFaraone|Faraone]]''' 01:44, 16 November 2015 (UTC)
::I'm afraid I no longer have access to OTRS, and I don't remember the details of this specific photograph. Was the response "free to be used indefinitely, throughout the entire universe, etc." a reply to a formal question about whether it can be used for any purpose, including resale and modification? If so, I'd argue that answer with "etc" means "yes to all the above". But that's just my opinion. – [[User:Quadell|Quadell]] ([[User_talk:Quadell|talk]]) 12:00, 18 November 2015 (UTC)

== Stile Project ==

[[Stile Project]] contains: <nowiki>__NOINDEX__ </nowiki>... why? [[User:The Quixotic Potato|The Quixotic Potato]] ([[User talk:The Quixotic Potato|talk]]) 02:16, 13 November 2015 (UTC)
:Pinging {{User|Lexein}}, who {{diff2|589261858|added the line in January 2014}}. I wasn't able to find any relevant records. '''[[User:LFaraone|L]][[User talk:LFaraone|Faraone]]''' 17:55, 13 November 2015 (UTC)
::Relevevent ticket is actually [[Ticket:2013031410000461]]. This looks like a temporary fix, so feel free to remove if needed {{U|The Quixotic Potato}}; I don't think this is an OTRS issue any longer. [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 20:22, 13 November 2015 (UTC)
:::Thanks a lot! I have removed it. [[User:The Quixotic Potato|The Quixotic Potato]] ([[User talk:The Quixotic Potato|talk]]) 02:19, 14 November 2015 (UTC)
{{Moved discussion from|User_talk:LFaraone|2='''[[User:LFaraone|L]][[User talk:LFaraone|Faraone]]''' 06:41, 19 November 2015 (UTC)}}
I added the NOINDEX because the individual with alias "Jay Stile" begged that the page " be taken down or blocked or something" because it was ruining his life, as it contained his real name. I told him the best I could do was NOINDEX after removing his real name.
I would not say that the intention for removal was temporary at all. I haven't been policing the page, and cannot devote my life to doing so. So I'd say that the NOINDEX should stay, as long as there's a risk that the real name could be added back at any time. [[User:Lexein|Lexein]] ([[User talk:Lexein|talk]]) 06:33, 15 November 2015 (UTC)
:{{Reply|Lexein}} Could we move this discussion back to the noticeboard? In any case, I don't think blanket NOINDEXing because someone ''could'' add some information to a page is appropriate. And, if it isn't supported by sources, such an allegation should be reverted and considered for [[WP:Oversight|suppression]]. '''[[User:LFaraone|L]][[User talk:LFaraone|Faraone]]''' 01:41, 16 November 2015 (UTC)
::NOINDEX is pointless here - if the name is readded without reliable sources, we can easily remove it, and if Google picks it up, it can easily be purged - feel free to send cases to me if you don't know how this is done. Personally, I don't think NOINDEX should ever be used on stable articles, especially on the back of a 2 year old ticket with no repetition since. [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 09:51, 19 November 2015 (UTC)

==Task Force 1-41 Infantry photos==
Emails have been sent by the owners whose photos needed verification. Thanks.[[User:Don Brunett|Don Brunett]] ([[User talk:Don Brunett|talk]]) 21:22, 20 November 2015 (UTC)Don Brunett

== [[:File:Governor White 70th Leg 1987.jpg]] ==
{{Resolved}}
Request a license check on the above file (OTRS ticket added by non-OTRS member). [[User:Kelly|'''Kelly''']] [[User talk:Kelly|hi!]] 19:52, 19 November 2015 (UTC)
:The email chain sent to us has a representative of the copyright holder agreeing to allow us to use the file under terms consistent with the template on the page, looks ok to me! [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 22:02, 24 November 2015 (UTC)

== [[:File:Walter Balderson with Emmy Award.gif]] ==

Request check on this file, as the editor who added the ticket isn't shown as having OTRS rights (perhaps a past member)? Also hoping for creator information, this appears to be an old television screenshot, not a photo. (Perhaps explained by the fact that the subject is a television engineer?) [[User:Kelly|'''Kelly''']] [[User talk:Kelly|hi!]] 21:43, 24 November 2015 (UTC)
:{{ping|Kelly}} {{u|Adambro}} was an OTRS agent at the time. However, the release is from the person depicted, so is likely invalid. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 10:34, 26 November 2015 (UTC)

== [[:File:PaulosFarajRahho.png]] ==

Request OTRS check on this file. OTRS ticket was added by non-OTRS member ({{u|Chaldean}}), and I've found other mentions that this user has added fake OTRS tickets in the past - such as [[:Commons:Commons:Deletion requests/File:صدام و چند آمریکایی.jpg]]. [[User:Kelly|'''Kelly''']] [[User talk:Kelly|hi!]] 11:09, 7 December 2015 (UTC)
:[[User:Kelly|Kelly]]: that OTRS ticket does exist but it ''does not'' contain permission to use those files. A great number of files have been similarly deleted on Commons; I'll delete this one too. Good catch. —[[User:Tom Morris|Tom Morris]] ([[User talk:Tom Morris|talk]]) 11:27, 7 December 2015 (UTC)

== Questionable copy of copyrighted information to an article with an old OTRS ticket. ==

A new account [[User:Jason Graves]] has recently copied verbatim from http://www.jasongraves.com/ to [[Jason Graves]]. The website states "© 2014 Jason W. Graves. Material from this website may not be copied or retransmitted without written consent of the author." The user has not responded to my request to clarify if he actually is Jason Graves, although it seems likely. The article has a seven-year-old OTRS ticket 2008120910029443 stating that Wikipedia was given permission to use copyrighted material. The account currently adding copyrighted material from the website was created just a few days ago and thus cannot be the same as the one which proved his identity and gave permission to use the copyrighted material. I'm not sure how this works.
#Does the original ticket still apply to new uploads after seven years?
#Can any user upload under that ticket or only the original requester?
#If not, can the new user prove his identity again and use that ticket with his new account?
#Should all the new copyrighted material be deleted until this is settled?
[[User:Meters|Meters]] ([[User talk:Meters|talk]]) 04:21, 8 December 2015 (UTC)
::{{U|Meters}} according to [[WP:COPYRIGHT]], yes the copyrighted material needs to be removed. The exact text is ''If a page contains material which infringes copyright, that material – and the whole page, if there is no other material present – should be removed. See Wikipedia:Copyright violations for more information, and Wikipedia:Copyright problems for detailed instructions'' [[User:KoshVorlon|'''Kosh''''''Vorlon''']] 17:53, 8 December 2015 (UTC)
:::{{ping|Meters}} the permission ticket does actually cover the material, however it is licenced exclusively under the GDFL licence - as the content has changed since then, and we now need dual licensing, this permission is no longer valid - they have not responded to out request to update the permission.
:::{{ping|KoshVorlon}} not always, in this case, there is permission to use the material on the [[Talk:Jason Graves]] - this was just a query to see if it's still valid. Just because the source says copyrighted does not mean that it hasn't also been released under a freer licence. [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 06:44, 9 December 2015 (UTC)
::::I have removed the copyrighted material pending a new OTRS ticket. [[User:Meters|Meters]] ([[User talk:Meters|talk]]) 06:47, 9 December 2015 (UTC)
:::::I actually restored the biography version prior to the new copyvio addition, but left all other edits. [[User:Meters|Meters]] ([[User talk:Meters|talk]]) 06:59, 9 December 2015 (UTC)

==[[:File:Bunyoro-king-ugandasolomonigurui.jpg]]==
The use of this image appears to conflict [[Template:Non-free promotional]]: "Please note that our policy usually considers fair use images of living people that merely show what they look like to be replaceable by free-licensed images and unsuitable for the project." The file has an OTRS ticket. I'd like to know if it specifies a free license and, if it doesn't, should the file be deleted. [[User:Finnusertop|Finnusertop]] ([[User talk:Finnusertop|talk]] | [[User:Finnusertop/guestbook|guestbook]] | [[Special:Contributions/Finnusertop|contribs]]) 06:21, 9 December 2015 (UTC)
:{{ping|Finnusertop}} the ticket makes it clear they don't object to us using the image under a fair-use claim. IT appears that getting a replacement in practice is almost impossible, so this will have to do. [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 07:00, 9 December 2015 (UTC)
::I've had extensive discussions on what the "almost all" in our WMF Resolution ([[wmf:Resolution:Licensing policy]]) means in terms of our [[WP:NFCC#1]] and the consensus tends to be that it's extremely limited: only prisoners, fugitives and recluses are taken to be out of reach. For instance, we think that [[Talk:Kim Jong-un#Rfc: Use of non-free image|Kim Jong-un is within reach of photography]]. I am going to nominate the file in question for deletion under [[Template:Rfu|Rfu]], {{u|Mdann52}}. [[User:Finnusertop|Finnusertop]] ([[User talk:Finnusertop|talk]] | [[User:Finnusertop/guestbook|guestbook]] | [[Special:Contributions/Finnusertop|contribs]]) 07:08, 9 December 2015 (UTC)

== Copyright and the article Ian Sprague ==

Several weeks ago I created an article on the Australian potter Ian Sprague. Zpeopleheart drew my attention to an apparent copyright violation in the second and third paragraphs, and accordingly brought them under a violation template. The potentially offended author has written giving her permission for her material to be used, but I have preferred to take the rewrite option. The duplication detector now shows nothing but repetition of personal and place names. Normally I would get back to Zpeopleheart to ask that the template be removed, but Zpeopleheart is now her/himself banned from editing for six months in relation to a different matter. Could someone with the authority please take a look at the article and remove the template if that is appropriate? [[User:Erictimewell|Erictimewell]] ([[User talk:Erictimewell|talk]]) 09:47, 12 December 2015 (UTC)

== Transferring fair use photos from Croatian Wikipedia to here ==

{{U|Jerkovic9}} asked me how to transfer some photos used on [[:hr:MNK Futsal Dinamo]] to the English article [[Futsal Dinamo]]. They are the author of both pages and uploaded the images on the Croatian Wikipedia. The copyright holder has given permission to use the photos on the Croatian Wikipedia. An example image is [[:hr:Datoteka:Kcdppun.jpg]]. I haven't a clue if it is possible to transfer and what copyright language to use. Any help would be appreciated. [[User:Bgwhite|Bgwhite]] ([[User talk:Bgwhite|talk]]) 07:57, 17 December 2015 (UTC)
:Hello, {{u|Bgwhite}}. You can't use any of the photos on en.wiki. A "[Croatian] Wikipedia only" license isn't a free license, and fair-use doesn't apply to any of the photos, because free alternatives could be created ([[WP:NFCC#1]]). You can upload the logo as fair-use though, and no permission is needed to do this. [[User:Finnusertop|Finnusertop]] ([[User talk:Finnusertop|talk]] | [[User:Finnusertop/guestbook|guestbook]] | [[Special:Contributions/Finnusertop|contribs]]) 10:13, 17 December 2015 (UTC)
::Ping {{U|Jerkovic9}} so they can see this and sorry about your photos. Thank you {{U|Finnusertop}}. Atleast my advice on the logo/shield was correct... I got something correct for a change! [[User:Bgwhite|Bgwhite]] ([[User talk:Bgwhite|talk]]) 21:10, 17 December 2015 (UTC)

== [[:File:David Elmasllari.jpg]] ==

Please examine this, which declares OTRS approval, and which I doubt. [[User:Timtrent|Fiddle]] [[User talk:Timtrent|Faddle]] 14:57, 17 December 2015 (UTC)

:[[User:Timtrent|Fiddle]] [[User talk:Timtrent|Faddle]] Permissions have been archived under the ticket number posted. [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 21:23, 17 December 2015 (UTC)
::Thank you for checking. [[User:Timtrent|Fiddle]] [[User talk:Timtrent|Faddle]] 00:23, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
:::Not a problem. [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 00:26, 18 December 2015 (UTC)

== Help ==

Can someone take a look an this '''ticket:2015122210021966'''. There's like 30 emails on the queue, I merged mostly all, but maybe there's more emails from the sender lost on the system.[[User:Angus Guilherme#top|Angus]] [[User Talk:Angus Guilherme#top|Guilherme¶]] 11:23, 24 December 2015 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:Possibly unfree files/2015 December 29#File:AndyReed-MP&Family.jpg]] ==

A user claims that something was sent to OTRS in 2010, but there is no OTRS ticket listed. Can you check? --[[User:Stefan2|Stefan2]] ([[User talk:Stefan2|talk]]) 14:26, 2 January 2016 (UTC)
:Resolved and replied to at [[WP:PUF]]. [[User:Nthep|Nthep]] ([[User talk:Nthep|talk]]) 16:53, 2 January 2016 (UTC)

== 2015 evaluation of Dow 30 ==

The return of Nike for the calendar year 2015 is way off. Please correct these numbers. Thank You Michael Treffiletti — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:170.74.55.82|170.74.55.82]] ([[User talk:170.74.55.82|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/170.74.55.82|contribs]]) 

:Hi there, and welcome to Wikipedia! Unfortunately this is not the correct place to voice concerns regarding an article - please consider raising your concern at the [[WP:HD|help desk]]. Thank you -- [[User:Samtar|'''s'''''am'''''t'''''ar'']] [[User_talk:Samtar|whisper]] 19:10, 6 January 2016 (UTC)

== Missing OTRS-tag after content was moved ==

It's a pure formality, but could an OTRS-member please copy the OTRS-tag from [[Talk:Annefield (Saxe, Virginia)]] to [[Talk:Jacob W. Holt]]? Some partial content was moved between the articles with this edit in 2011: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacob_W._Holt&type=revision&diff=449840123&oldid=406665391]. This content is based on the OTRS-verified source document (Section 8, Page 10). I tried to fix the talkpage myself, but got an edit filter warning. [[User:GermanJoe|GermanJoe]] ([[User talk:GermanJoe|talk]]) 22:59, 7 January 2016 (UTC)

:{{replyto|GermanJoe}} I'm not experienced enough to action this request but, I will point out {{OTRS ticket||2011100510001548}} only mentions one article in the permissions form and the page is [[Annefield (Saxe, Virginia)]], so if any non-free information was copied to another page, I wouldn't be sure if it's proper. (just my take) [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 23:36, 7 January 2016 (UTC)
::According to the OTRS-tag on the original talkpage the content has been released under a "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license". Thus copying or moving the content from one article to another is legitimate (the moved content seems to be a verbatim copy from the source document), but needs attribution. An additional OTRS-ticket would merely serve as clarification of this copyright situation, and as attribution of the copyright owner (which is currently missing in the second article). Without such a clarification the content in the second article might get deleted, whenever a bot checks it for copyvios - the source document is still online and triggers a false positive. [[User:GermanJoe|GermanJoe]] ([[User talk:GermanJoe|talk]]) 00:20, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

:::{{done}} That seems logical but, it might be un-done if deemed inappropriate. [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 00:27, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

::::No worries (I am no expert either), and thank you for your help. [[User:GermanJoe|GermanJoe]] ([[User talk:GermanJoe|talk]]) 00:49, 8 January 2016 (UTC)
:::::No problem, any time {{=)}} [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 01:03, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

== Ian Sprague copyright issue ==

This article has not been cleared by obtaining permission from a copyright holder, though this is available (see the article's Talk page). Instead the dubious paragraphs have been ''rewritten'' to the point where the Duplication Detector shows only proper names. So as the original author I would now like the warning template removed and do not know how to bring this about.
If no one has the power to do this then presumably it is OK to remove it myself.
[[User:Erictimewell|Erictimewell]] ([[User talk:Erictimewell|talk]]) 05:03, 10 January 2016 (UTC)

== File:Richard Adlam profile picture.png ==

[[:File:Richard Adlam profile picture.png]] has a message received by OTRS but without sufficient permission. That was Sep 2015. Is there any update to this? Next steps? -- [[User:Whpq|Whpq]] ([[User talk:Whpq|talk]]) 04:30, 14 January 2016 (UTC)

:{{ping|Whpq}} thanx for pointing this out. No further information was received. I tagged it for deletion. [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 05:24, 14 January 2016 (UTC)
::Thanks. -- [[User:Whpq|Whpq]] ([[User talk:Whpq|talk]]) 05:31, 14 January 2016 (UTC)

== [[:File:Dan Price photo.png]] ==

There are two different photographs in the history. Does the OTRS ticket apply to both of them or just to one of them? Also, why is there a fair use rationale if the picture is freely licensed? --[[User:Stefan2|Stefan2]] ([[User talk:Stefan2|talk]]) 21:48, 19 January 2016 (UTC)

:{{replyto|Stefan2}} Permissions are logged under that ticket number as the following: "'''Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported and GNU Free Documentation License (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts)'''" [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 22:03, 19 January 2016 (UTC)

== Dongseo University images ==

* [[:File:Dongseo Educational Foundation Groundbreaking.jpg]]
* [[:File:Dongseo University Main Campus.jpg]]
* [[:File:Dongseo University Centum Campus.jpg]]
* [[:File:Korea-China New Media Institute.jpg]]
* [[:File:Hope International University Campus.jpg]]

The above images were deleted by me for lacking evidence of permission in early December. The uploader contacted me and let me know that they emailed OTRS before I had deleted the images. Two months later, it seems that they [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Diannaa&diff=prev&oldid=703532396 have not yet received a response]. I'm aware that there's currently a 112-day backlog, but would it be possible to have OTRS look into this case specifically? They state that they used an email affiliated with the university (probably @dongseo.ac.kr), if that helps. — [[User:Explicit|'''ξ''']][[User talk:Explicit|xplicit]] 02:44, 6 February 2016 (UTC)

:{{re|Explicit}}, {{ping|Diannaa}}, {{ping|Keir Thornburg}}, I found the permissions {{OTRS ticket|8846331|2015121010001661}}. I have replied to the sender. If someone could un-delete the files and ping me I can add the permissions tags. [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 02:16, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

::{{Reply to|Mlpearc}} All images restored. — [[User:Explicit|'''ξ''']][[User talk:Explicit|xplicit]] 02:25, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

:::{{done}} All files tagged. [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 02:42, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

== Norm Sartorius page, image copyright ==

The image NormSartoriusHomage2.jpg copyright release has been submitted to permissions. The rights hold holder is photographer Jim Osborn. He listed it as "NormSartoriusHomage.jpg" in his permission email. You can see that is it is the same image. Or I can rename it to correspond to his written permission.

Thx, Craig — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Craiger19|Craiger19]] ([[User talk:Craiger19|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Craiger19|contribs]]) 08:05, 12 October 2015 (UTC+9)

:File [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:NormSartoriusHomage2.jpg&oldid=703701516 moved to Commons] [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 02:53, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

== File:Torriano Primary - main gate through Gatehouse Building.jpg ==

I have now replied by email to your message.[[User:Nescio vos|Nescio vos]] ([[User talk:Nescio vos|talk]]) 10:40, 12 February 2016 (UTC)
:{{ping|Nescio vos}} I have applied a temporary template to [[:File:Torriano Primary - main gate through Gatehouse Building.jpg]] to indicate that an email has been received, it is no longer in imminent danger of deletion; I believe it was simply missed the first time around. However, I believe the ticket is '''insufficient''' as it stands. The photographer needs to clearly state ''which'' images (ideally by URL) they are claiming to be copyright holder of, and are licensing. That was not apparent in the email chain, the language used was "the images I took of XYZ". Additionally, permission should ideally come directly to us rather than being forwarded. This applies to all of the images from that set. Pinging {{ping|NahidSultan}}, owner of the ticket. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 15:03, 12 February 2016 (UTC)
:Hi, I agree with Storkk on this and replied the ticket accordingly. [[User:NahidSultan|''''' ~ Nahid''''']] [[User Talk:NahidSultan| Talk]] 01:53, 13 February 2016 (UTC)

== [[:File:UPRmuseum.gif]] ==

Hi, I was thinking of moving this above mentioned file to Commons, but the page says the licensing involves an ORTS ticket, so I just wanted to make sure everything is in order before I make the move. Thanks [[User:In veritas|In veritas]] ([[User talk:In veritas|talk]]) 16:19, 18 February 2016 (UTC)
:{{ping|In veritas}} everything looks OK. Please tag it as {{tls|OP}} and make a note of the ticket number (2009091410051583) on the Commons description page after the transfer and an agent will add the required template. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 08:56, 22 February 2016 (UTC)
::Okay, the file is moved to Commons, just need an agent to finish the required paperwork; thanks for the help. [[User:In veritas|In veritas]] ([[User talk:In veritas|talk]]) 18:02, 22 February 2016 (UTC)

== Washington Papers ==

Hi! I'm writing on behalf of {{u|Papersofgwashington}}, who filed a ticket through OTRS to give us permission to use material from their website. It's kind of turned into a perfect storm of sorts, since I haven't been on as much due to school and I sort of lost track of things with the page for [[The Washington Papers]].

The editor and the project's director is very concerned that they would have to get rid of the page, so I was hoping to give them some good news with the OTRS ticket. I just posted and told them that this can take some time, but I figured that it wouldn't hurt to ask and give them an update. [[User:Tokyogirl79|Tokyogirl79]][[User talk:Tokyogirl79|''' (｡◕‿◕｡)''']] 04:33, 19 February 2016 (UTC)
:{{ping|Tokyogirl79}} I've had a look, but can only find [[:ticket:2016021910009995]], which was from you. In that ticket, {{u|Bluerasberry}} mentions another ticket regarding Washington Papers, but I cannot find that ticket (perhaps it's in a queue I don't have access to, or the ticket in question does not use the string "washington papers"). [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 09:17, 22 February 2016 (UTC)
*I've sent the WP project's leader an e-mail with BR's advice and I also created a PDF file for them to look over and send to OTRS, along with you guys' e-mail. I hadn't heard back from them, but then it's the weekend and they may not do anything until Monday. The article has a lot of the content back so they may be satisfied with that, but I'd like to add a few bits of information back into the article, which I wouldn't be able to do until permissions are given. Not much more we can really do at this point, I guess. [[User:Tokyogirl79|Tokyogirl79]][[User talk:Tokyogirl79|''' (｡◕‿◕｡)''']] 09:24, 22 February 2016 (UTC)
::I am being cautious about privacy, as is expected on OTRS, but I have replied to two email threads (Tokyogirl's and another) about the Washington Papers. I requested a PDF file of the text being released. There are other options but getting that would make for the easiest way forward, I think. [[User:Bluerasberry|''' Blue Rasberry ''']][[User talk:Bluerasberry|(talk)]] 16:59, 22 February 2016 (UTC)
:::{{u|Tokyogirl79}} I just uploaded this file for that organization.
:::*[[:File:The_Washington_Papers_material_for_OTRS.pdf]]
:::[[User:Bluerasberry|''' Blue Rasberry ''']][[User talk:Bluerasberry|(talk)]] 20:39, 23 February 2016 (UTC)
*Cool - that looks like it's very similar to the one I made, which is good since it contains the stuff I wanted to re-add to the article. I figure that if everything is OK, I'll go about re-adding stuff as soon as the OTRS ticket clears. [[User:Tokyogirl79|Tokyogirl79]][[User talk:Tokyogirl79|''' (｡◕‿◕｡)''']] 05:07, 24 February 2016 (UTC)

== Followup on [[:File:Sapphire_2010-06-02.jpg]] ==

Was an OTRS email ever received for [[:File:Sapphire_2010-06-02.jpg]]? It would've been sent around 22 August 2010. I'm not sure that the fair use rationale hold up otherwise, since an older free image of the ship [[:File:"Italia"_-_Piraeus,_1980.jpg|is available]]. --[[User:Ahecht|Ahecht]] ([[User_talk:Ahecht|TALK PAGE]]) 20:56, 27 February 2016 (UTC)
:{{ping|Ahecht}} Doubtful unless it was referred to by a different name, in which case it would be very difficult to find. I can find three tickets matching "Sapphire 2010", none of which concern an image of a ship. No tickets match "Sergio Moreiro" or "shipparade.com". If you can think of other search strings to try, I'd be willing, but it looks unlikely. I have access to all permissions queues as well as selected info-en queues, but it's possible it might be in a queue I don't have access to. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 16:18, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

== File:Critical Commons logo.jpg ==

How much usage latitude does the permission in this OTRS submission give? Enough to make this a free logo, or just {{tl|Non-free with permission}}?[[meta:User:Jo-Jo Eumerus|Jo-Jo Eumerus]] ([[User talk:Jo-Jo Eumerus|talk]], [[Special:CentralAuth/Jo-Jo Eumerus|contributions]]) 22:27, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

:{{re|Jo-Jo Eumerus}} The fact the the file is tagged by OTRS, at least on a licensing level, means nothing. The file has been released to Wikimedia as [[Public domain]]. The non-free rational is no longer required, I will amend the file page. [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 22:42, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

== File:Jorge Bolet 1964 on Southern Africa tour.png ==

There is a mention of an OTRS ticked [[otrs:2014051610000391]], does someone know about it?[[meta:User:Jo-Jo Eumerus|Jo-Jo Eumerus]] ([[User talk:Jo-Jo Eumerus|talk]], [[Special:CentralAuth/Jo-Jo Eumerus|contributions]]) 17:11, 9 March 2016 (UTC)

== [[:File:Omar Espinosa by Ryan Mitchell.jpg]] ==

I just deleted this image, which was tagged as a copyvio, but I then undeleted it after noticing a talk comment about OTRS permission. Could you check to see whether ticket 2016030510003292 really does grant an acceptable permission, as is claimed on the file's description page? [[User:Nyttend|Nyttend]] ([[User talk:Nyttend|talk]]) 23:02, 15 March 2016 (UTC)

:{{re|Nyttend}} The ticket does not give significant permissions. I've sent a mail requesting a more specific (consent form) release. Reference:{{OTRS ticket|9028135|2016030510003292}} [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 23:14, 15 March 2016 (UTC)
:{{ec}} {{ping|Nyttend}} It would appear the editor did indeed contact the copyright holder, but the information and steps involved would '''not''' satisfy [[Commons:OTRS#If you are not the copyright holder]]. The image should be deleted until the editor can ensure the correct information is properly communicated to the copyright holder and they consent to the requirements of free use. [[User:Mkdw|Mkdw]][[User talk:Mkdw|''talk'']] 23:15, 15 March 2016 (UTC)
::Deleted. Thanks for the input! [[User:Nyttend|Nyttend]] ([[User talk:Nyttend|talk]]) 00:20, 16 March 2016 (UTC)

== File:LS40075.jpg ==

Confirmation of the receipt of the permission was received in September 2015. I have sent the confirmation number again. {{OTRS ticket|8671653|2015092510023554}} [[User:Jmcc150|JMcC]] ([[User talk:Jmcc150|talk]]) 09:56, 16 March 2016 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Threshold (online game)]] ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&action=view&page=Wikipedia%3AArticles_for_deletion%2FThreshold_(online_game) The deletion logs] of [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Threshold (online game)]] say that the page was "OTRS courtesy blanked"—wouldn't the proper procedure be to blank the text and keep the page history? Because now it's as if that discussion never happened. [[User talk:Czar|czar]] 14:06, 8 March 2016 (UTC)
:The relevant ticket is {{OTRS ticket|2342268|2009011310004015}} but as I was neither an OTRS agent nor an en:wp admin I can't comment on what practice then was or should have been. [[User:Nthep|Nthep]] ([[User talk:Nthep|talk]]) 14:55, 8 March 2016 (UTC)
:: {{ping|Nthep|p=}}, how about what it should be now? I'd like to have the text in the public record (though courtesy blanked and only in the page history is fine) if possible. [[User talk:Czar|czar]] 18:11, 8 March 2016 (UTC)
:::The admin in question, {{u|Zscout370}}, is no longer active. I do think this could have been blanked and noindex'ed, not deleted altogether. However, the AfD's closure was immediately overturned at DRV and followed up immediately by another AfD which resulted in a "keep" consensus, which does demonstrate that the first AfD was unlikely to be of very high quality or relevance. Any admin can still read it, if needed, in order to analyze the arguments made therein. <big>☺</big> · [[User:Salvidrim!|Salvidrim!]] · [[User talk:Salvidrim|✉]] 18:20, 8 March 2016 (UTC)
:::: Is there something in the ticket that would require that we don't undelete it and hide it in page history? The article will likely be back at AfD soon, and I'd like the page history to be accessible for those who want it (unless there is some reason otherwise). [[User talk:Czar|czar]] 19:53, 8 March 2016 (UTC)
:::::Without disclosing the actual content of the OTRS ticket, I do not believe there was anything to warrant a deletion of the AFD discussion. [[WP:CBLANK]] only recommends deletion in more serious cases. It should be noted that the other AFD and DRV were not even blanked in comparison. [[User:Mkdw|Mkdw]][[User talk:Mkdw|''talk'']] 17:46, 15 March 2016 (UTC)
Thanks. Would someone please undelete and just courtesy blank it then? [[User talk:Czar|czar]] 18:51, 15 March 2016 (UTC)
:{{u|Seicer}} closed the AFD and presumably would be familiar with the discussion. They're still "active" having last edited on 25 February 2016. I've only skimmed the ''very'' lengthy discussion so I think it would be within our due diligence to ask them their thoughts on the matter before this were to occur. [[User:Mkdw|Mkdw]][[User talk:Mkdw|''talk'']] 20:45, 15 March 2016 (UTC)
::My closing rationale from 2009: <nowiki>The result was '''delete'''. Regarding [[Threshold (online game)]], there is a of [[WP:RS|reliable]] and [[WP:V|verifiable]] sources. In addition, there seems to be little [[WP:N|notability]] to this particular game, and no major notability was established. The article also suffers from overuse of [[WP:APT|peacock terms]] which has the effect of promoting the game without parting with any useful information. As such, the article is [[WP:NPOV|not written from a neutral standpoint]]. Regarding [[Frogdice]], it is entirely [[WP:CITE|unsourced]] sans one magazine mention -- which has not been [[WP:V|verified]]. There is not much else content on this article to really make it [[WP:CORP|notable]]. In addition, excessive [[WP:CANVASS|canvassing]] from various Internet forums has muddled the AFD process. After careful consideration of the comments, few if anyone in support of the article actually improved the article or located additional [[WP:RS|reliable]] and [[WP:V|verifiable]] sources. [[User:Seicer|seicer]] | [[User_talk:Seicer|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Seicer|contribs]] 00:02, 7 January 2009 (UTC)</nowiki> [[User:Seicer|seicer]] | [[User_talk:Seicer|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Seicer|contribs]] 13:09, 16 March 2016 (UTC)
::: {{ping|Seicer|p=}}, I think Mkdw wanted your input on whether you would have any opposition to undeleting (and courtesy blanking) this page. I'm not seeing any opposition other than that everyone wants to be careful. [[User talk:Czar|czar]] 13:54, 16 March 2016 (UTC)
:::{{ping|Seicer}} I had already reviewed your original closing statement in the deleted versions. We're not here to review the deletion rationale; this is an OTRS noticeboard not DRV. This discussion is about overturning an admin action to undelete the discussion. I thought it would be wise to check with someone familiar with the discussion if they foresaw any problems in undeleting it. You're the next obvious choice since the deleting admin is inactive. [[User:Mkdw|Mkdw]][[User talk:Mkdw|''talk'']] 15:30, 16 March 2016 (UTC)

== [[:File:Harbhajan Singh Yogi with Hopi elder.jpg]] ==

This file has inconsistent copyright information: it's both free and non-free at the same time. Can you check what's wrong and fix the file? --[[User:Stefan2|Stefan2]] ([[User talk:Stefan2|talk]]) 00:43, 25 March 2016 (UTC)
:{{done}} [[User:Rrburke|-- Rrburke]] ([[User talk:Rrburke|talk]]) 11:35, 27 March 2016 (UTC)

== File:Sven Inge.jpg ==

For information: Please see [[Wikipedia:Possibly unfree files#File:Sven Inge.jpg]]. Maybe something can be noted somewhere to keep track of what looks like a 2012 public correction to something that was written in a 2009 OTRS ticket. -- [[User:Asclepias|Asclepias]] ([[User talk:Asclepias|talk]]) 19:41, 25 March 2016 (UTC)
:{{done}}. I have added a note to the OTRS ticket. [[User:Rrburke|-- Rrburke]] ([[User talk:Rrburke|talk]]) 12:01, 27 March 2016 (UTC)

== Files : Over Hill + Smaug ==

Hello,

I would like to check the permission for these files :

* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Over_Hill_-_Bilbo_and_Gandalf_by_Joel_Lee.jpg File:Over Hill - Bilbo and Gandalf by Joel Lee.jpg] Ticket#: 2016022110009285
* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Smaug_par_David_Demaret.jpg File:Over Hill - Smaug par David Demaret.jpg] Ticket#: 2016022510029256

I believe that the emails containing details of the permissions had been sent.
Thanks ! [[User:Guise|Guise]] ([[User talk:Guise|talk]]) 10:19, 22 March 2016 (UTC)
:Emails have been received from the artists but there is currently a backlog in permissions being processed. [[User:Rrburke|-- Rrburke]] ([[User talk:Rrburke|talk]]) 11:28, 27 March 2016 (UTC)
::[[User:Rrburke|-- Rrburke]], thank you for this confirmation. Best regards. :-) [[User:Guise|Guise]] ([[User talk:Guise|talk]]) 21:08, 27 March 2016 (UTC)

== i've already sent permission years ago...? ==

what's the deal here, i had the photographers send permission in 2014... why is this coming up now?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mackintosh_Braun_Live,_Crystal_Ballroom,_Dec_2014.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mackintosh_Braun_2010.jpeg — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Trungpa6|Trungpa6]] ([[User talk:Trungpa6|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trungpa6|contribs]]) 16:45, 15 March 2016 (UTC) 
*{{ec}} {{OTRS ticket|8030306|2014121810015732}} and {{OTRS ticket|8030298|2014121810015652}} seem related - {{ping|Trungpa6}} it appears you never replied after being asked to follow the [[Wikipedia:CONSENT|email consent template]]? -- [[User:Samtar|'''sam'''''tar'']] [[User_talk:Samtar|talk]] or [[Special:Contributions/Samtar|stalk]] 16:54, 15 March 2016 (UTC)
* According to {{U|B}}, the emailed permission is apparently not sufficient for Wikipedia.[[meta:User:Jo-Jo Eumerus|Jo-Jo Eumerus]] ([[User talk:Jo-Jo Eumerus|talk]], [[Special:CentralAuth/Jo-Jo Eumerus|contributions]]) 16:53, 15 March 2016 (UTC)

what do i need to do then? i had the photographers who took the photos send permission... that's all it says to do? — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Trungpa6|Trungpa6]] ([[User talk:Trungpa6|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trungpa6|contribs]]) 16:59, 15 March 2016 (UTC) 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mackintosh_Braun_2010.jpeg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mackintosh_Braun_Live,_Crystal_Ballroom,_Dec_2014.jpg --[[User:Trungpa6|Trungpa6]] ([[User talk:Trungpa6|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trungpa6|contribs]]) 10:00, 15 March 2016 (UTC)

both photographers sent the template filled out with permission to the email you listed. should be good now, yes? — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Trungpa6|Trungpa6]] ([[User talk:Trungpa6|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trungpa6|contribs]]) 19:12, 15 March 2016 (UTC) 

Did this get corrected?? both photographers sent in what you asked. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Trungpa6|Trungpa6]] ([[User talk:Trungpa6|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trungpa6|contribs]]) 14:50, 16 March 2016 (UTC) 

Can i get an update here please??? both photographers sent in approval in your approved template. thanks — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Trungpa6|Trungpa6]] ([[User talk:Trungpa6|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trungpa6|contribs]]) 16:17, 18 March 2016 (UTC) 

: {{ping |Trungpa6}} We have received your emails, and they have not been answered yet. Please be patient, as the permissions queue is quite backlogged. ~ [[User:Matthewrbowker |Matthewrbowker]] [[User talk:Matthewrbowker |Drop me a note]] 16:24, 18 March 2016 (UTC)

I just wanted to make sure the images won't be deleted tomorrow as the warning listed originally. permission was sent last week for both photos. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Trungpa6|Trungpa6]] ([[User talk:Trungpa6|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trungpa6|contribs]]) 23:20, 21 March 2016 (UTC) 

Can someone respond letting me know these images will not be deleted after today? permissions were sent last week... — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Trungpa6|Trungpa6]] ([[User talk:Trungpa6|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trungpa6|contribs]]) 16:46, 22 March 2016 (UTC) 
:{{re|Trungpa6}} I found {{OTRS ticket|9052160|2016031610016856}} which gives permissions for [[:File:Mackintosh Braun 2010.jpeg]], I found no other new information. I have removed the deletion tag and marked permissions received for [[:File:Mackintosh Braun 2010.jpeg]]. [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 17:24, 22 March 2016 (UTC)

but you removed the other photo on our page that permission was sent in for?? what do i need to do, i did what was asked... — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Trungpa6|Trungpa6]] ([[User talk:Trungpa6|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trungpa6|contribs]]) 21:59, 23 March 2016 (UTC) 

any idea when the other image that permission was sent for will be back up? you guys removed it even though permission as sent in before the deadline... — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Trungpa6|Trungpa6]] ([[User talk:Trungpa6|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trungpa6|contribs]]) 17:03, 29 March 2016 (UTC) 
:There is a [https://ticket.wikimedia.org/otrs/index.pl?Action=AgentTicketZoom&TicketID=8030298#Article10744085 permission] on file as of March 17. I will request to have the file undeleted. [[User:Rrburke|-- Rrburke]] ([[User talk:Rrburke|talk]]) 10:58, 2 April 2016 (UTC)

== Statement of permission has been re-sent ==

A statement of permission for the picture at '''https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gullu_Yologlu_(Mammadli).jpg#Summary''' has been re-sent to '''permissions-en@wikimedia.org'''. Also the person in the photo has expressed that the photographer, who is the person under the username '''89MsHm''' also permits to upload the photo. So it's me who took the photo. Both the photographer and the person in the photo allow the picture to be used for any purpose at Wikipedia or anywhere else. Thank you
[[User:89MsHm|89MsHm]] ([[User talk:89MsHm|talk]]) 00:09, 4 April 2016 (UTC)

== Permissions are now in for the following images -please do not delete files ==

Please cancel Deletion pending for
File:Andrea Jarvis Hamilton.jpg
File:Luminous Icescapes by Andrea Hamilton.jpeg
File:Wondrous Strange by Andrea Hamilton.jpeg
All on page [[Andrea Hamilton]]

The copyright holder has now sent the correct copyright permissions to permissions-en@wikimedia.org
:[[ticket:2016040410011756]] not yet sufficient... awaiting reply to inquiry. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 10:46, 5 April 2016 (UTC)

== 2 photos used in article "Lightwave Electronics Corporation" ==

I emailed y'all the copyright agreement from the copyright holder, for 2 pictures I uploaded quite a while back. Ticket is: Ticket#2016040610012797
Below are the names and the photos:

*[[:File:Lightwave_Electronics_laser_model_122,_complete,_with_covers.jpg]]
*[[:File:Lightwave Electronics_model_142_Laser_Optics_Fix_(bright).jpg]]

Lightwave Electronics_model_142_Laser_Optics_Fix.jpg

Lightwave_Electronics_laser_model_122,_complete,_with_covers.jpg

If the agreement I sent in is not enough, please let me know what would be adequate, by sending me an example of an agreement which is acceptable to you.
Thanks! [[User:C=lambda*nu|C=lambda*nu]] ([[User talk:C=lambda*nu|talk]]) 13:40, 6 April 2016 (UTC)

*:{{re|C=lambda*nu}} An email requesting further information has been sent regarding {{OTRSticket|9093440|2016040610012797}} [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 13:57, 6 April 2016 (UTC)

== for File:Diving the Concepcion.jpg — statement of permission to permissions was sent to -en@wikimedia.org. ==
{{resolved}}
submitted a letter of authorization for File:Diving the Concepcion.jpg — was tagged with {{tl|OTRS pending}}, I submitted a statement of permission to permissions-en@wikimedia.org. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Mikesec3434|Mikesec3434]] ([[User talk:Mikesec3434|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mikesec3434|contribs]]) 

:{{re|Mikesec3434}} Regarding {{OTRS ticket|9094018|2016040610018577}} (which was just received yesterday) There is not enough information for permissions, I have sent a request for that information to the email address connected to the ticket. [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 16:44, 7 April 2016 (UTC)

::Permissions received, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ADiving_the_Concepcion.jpg&type=revision&diff=714123720&oldid=714098882 file tagged]. [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 19:54, 7 April 2016 (UTC)

== File:Ebs Burnough.jpg ==

i sent confirmation on copyright — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/173.3.97.7|173.3.97.7]] ([[User talk:173.3.97.7|talk]]) 17:21, 9 April 2016 (UTC) 
:{{re|173.3.97.7}} Email received, insufficient permission information, request for further information was sent to the email address connected to the {{OTRS ticket|9098954|2016040910008126}}. [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 17:49, 9 April 2016 (UTC)

== mutek ==

Hello, can you see #2016031610020583 ? It's an valid autorisation for reuse [http://www.mutek.org/] content in [[MUTEK]] 's article. --[[User:Gratus|Gratus]] ([[User talk:Gratus|talk]]) 15:26, 14 April 2016 (UTC)
: I use ''ConfirmationOTRS'', can you see if you need to unhide contents ? Thanks. --[[User:Gratus|Gratus]] ([[User talk:Gratus|talk]]) 15:34, 14 April 2016 (UTC)

== Parables TV Logo Deletion/Permission resent ==

The permission form for the Parables TV logo has been resent to Wiki Commons. It was originally sent in November 2015. Please do not delete the image. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parables_TV#/media/File:Parables_logo_TM.jpg [[User:LG Brichetto|LG Brichetto]] ([[User talk:LG Brichetto|talk]])
:{{OTRS ticket|8783321|2015111210002775}}. ([[User talk:Josve05a|'''t''']]) [[User:Josve05a|'''Josve05a''']] ([[Special:Contributions/Josve05a|'''c''']]) 20:40, 22 April 2016 (UTC)

== Please verify ==

Someone posted a claim on [[:File:Fat kitty.ogg]] claiming it has an OTRS ticket (2016043010007284) associated with it. Can an OTRS member please verify it. [[User:Feinoha|Feinoha ]] [[User_talk:Feinoha|Talk]] 02:42, 2 May 2016 (UTC)
:The ticket contains the normal release template, properly filled out by the author (for CC-BY-SA-3.0 though, not PD as the uploader claims). However I'm not tagged as permissions-approving so I can't directly apply the OTRS-verified tag to the file page. But as soon as an agent gets to it, it should be fine. <big>☺</big> · [[User:Salvidrim!|Salvidrim!]] · [[User talk:Salvidrim|✉]] 02:51, 2 May 2016 (UTC)
::Has now been tagged.--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 23:10, 3 May 2016 (UTC)

== File:Destroyed Iraqi reconnaissance vehicle Burgan Oil Field, Feb1991.jpg ==

You have been sent a email.....again. It will be from drb@crawler.com[[User:Don Brunett|Don Brunett]] ([[User talk:Don Brunett|talk]]) 14:48, 3 May 2016 (UTC)Don Brunett
: {{ping|Don Brunett}}. Recieved. [[ticket:2016050310013263]]. Please wait for it to be processed. ~ [[User:Matthewrbowker |Matthewrbowker]] [[User talk:Matthewrbowker |Drop me a note]] 22:21, 5 May 2016 (UTC)

== Has my Orangemoody report sent in via email been received? ==

Per the instructions near the bottom of the [[WP:LTA/OM|Orangemoody]] page, I emailed in a report to '''info-orangemoody@wikipedia.org''' about two weeks ago. This was regarding some suspicious editing and deletion attempts on articles [[Robert Louis Miller]] and [[Cosmetic Solutions]]. Some other editors and I were alerted to an email received by Mr. Miller regarding his article, which I included in the report. I haven't received any reply or notice and I note the the two AfDs (here: [[Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Robert_Louis_Miller|1]] and [[Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Cosmetic_Solutions|2]]) are still active. Could someone confirm whether my email report was received and let me know if I need to do anything else? The two users I identified has having been involved haven't been active since my report, but I'd like to know if someone looked at it. Thanks. --[[User:Krelnik|Krelnik]] ([[User talk:Krelnik|talk]]) 21:19, 5 May 2016 (UTC)
: Yes, your email is sitting in the queue. [[ticket:2016042810015351]]. However, volunteers have been asked to not act on OrangeMoody tickets so they will be left until someone takes it. Sorry. ~ [[User:Matthewrbowker |Matthewrbowker]] [[User talk:Matthewrbowker |Drop me a note]] 22:16, 5 May 2016 (UTC)
::Ah, ok thanks. As long as it didn't get lost. The suspicious actors seem to have gone inactive lately so there's nothing on fire or anything. I've them on my watchlist so I'll yell if I see anything. --[[User:Krelnik|Krelnik]] ([[User talk:Krelnik|talk]]) 01:56, 6 May 2016 (UTC)

== [[User talk:Stefan2#Question by User:Toreeva]] ==

I tagged a user's uploads as 'no permission' and requested the user to contact OTRS. Two weeks later, the user replied with a few OTRS ticket numbers on my talk page. Do the tickets contain sufficient evidence of permission? --[[User:Stefan2|Stefan2]] ([[User talk:Stefan2|talk]]) 23:02, 6 May 2016 (UTC)
:I can confirm that the OTRS team received 5 copyright permission emails for the OTRS tickets on your userpage, however, these emails did not provide a direct link to the media in question. The images in question, however, are attached to the OTRS emails. If you could please provide links to the media, we can cross-reference them and add proper copyright information to the pages. Thanks, [[User:Nakon|'''Nakon''']] 02:05, 7 May 2016 (UTC)
::I suspect that the five e-mails refer to the uploader's five uploads: [[Special:ListFiles/Toreeva]]. --[[User:Stefan2|Stefan2]] ([[User talk:Stefan2|talk]]) 11:26, 8 May 2016 (UTC)

== File:Variety-artists-club-new-zealand-logo-2016.jpg ==

Have emailed a statement of permission to permissions-en@wikimedia.org — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/117.104.182.25|117.104.182.25]] ([[User talk:117.104.182.25|talk]]) 21:35, 8 May 2016 (UTC) 

== Paul Draper photos ==
* [[:File:Paul-2-draper-spoon-bend.jpg]]
* [[:File:Paul-w-draper-mentalist.jpg]]
* [[:File:Paul-w-draper-egypt.jpg]]

Statement of permission has been emailed to permissions-en@wikimedia.org. Thanks.

[[User:Eriuvation|Eriuvation]] ([[User talk:Eriuvation|talk]]) 13:29, 12 May 2016 (UTC)https://en.wiki2.org/wiki/File:Mr_Sean_O'Farrell,_Managing_Director_of_National_Ploughing_Association_%28NPA%29_of_Ireland_meets_President_of_French_Republic,_Charles_De_Gaulle,_at_9th_World_Ploughing_Championships_in_Grignon,_Paris,_France,_1961.jpeg

I have fowarded official permission for use of photo to email: permissions-en@wikimedia.org in response.
Richard O'Farrell [[User:Eriuvation|Eriuvation]] ([[User talk:Eriuvation|talk]]) 13:29, 12 May 2016 (UTC)
* [[:Ticket:2016021810005508]] received, but insufficient as of yet (permission is from the subject, not the photographer). I have replied to the ticket. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 15:43, 13 May 2016 (UTC)

== Question: permission transfer? ==

Good Evening,

The image [[:File:Logo of the Royal Society of Chemistry.jpg]] has an OTRS ticket attached. Now, in accordance with graphics guidelines, this JPG image has been replaced with a SVG image [[:File:Royal Society of Chemistry.svg]]. Can the OTRS permission be transferred to this different file format, or was is format-specific? Thanks, — [[User:Kashmiri|kashmiri]] [[User talk:Kashmiri|TALK]] 00:23, 17 May 2016 (UTC)

== File:Variety-artists-club-new-zealand-logo-2016.jpg ==

File:Variety-artists-club-new-zealand-logo-2016.jpg

Permission was emailed for this picture, is everything suitable for this to be marked ok and OTRS cleared? Thanks.
:As of 14 May, we are still awaiting confirmation from the copyright holder in {{OTRS ticket|9167148|2016051310022869}}. Thanks, [[User:Nakon|'''Nakon''']] 03:06, 18 May 2016 (UTC)

== [[User talk:Stefan2#Permission Granted for Photo Uploade; now what?]] ==

A user wrote that {{tq|The photographer has provided a permission statement in accordance with Wiki guidelines.}} Has something been sent to OTRS for one of this user's uploads? Looking at [[Special:Log/Kurzenhauser]], I see that the uploader has uploaded multiple files, and I have {{tq|provided comments}} on several of those, so I'm not sure which file he is talking about. --[[User:Stefan2|Stefan2]] ([[User talk:Stefan2|talk]]) 09:43, 19 May 2016 (UTC)

== 2016052310031411 ==

Please review <nowiki>[[File:Dejuan Lucian, Photography.jpg]]</nowiki>, a OTRS ticket number was sent. --[[User:OGfromtheGut|OGfromtheGut]] ([[User talk:OGfromtheGut|talk]]) 22:31, 23 May 2016 (UTC)
:{{re|OGfromtheGut}} The ticket was replied to today, it's awaiting a response for more information. [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 23:37, 23 May 2016 (UTC)

== [[:File:EV Nautilus.jpg]] ==

The OTRS ticket was added by a user who is not a member of the global group "OTRS-member". Is the ticket valid? Also, considering that there are two files in the history, does the ticket cover both files or only one of them? --[[User:Stefan2|Stefan2]] ([[User talk:Stefan2|talk]]) 12:33, 24 May 2016 (UTC)
:Ticket is in the queue, and has not yet been dealt with. A further back-and-forth with the copyright holder (who is not the ticket submitter) will likely be necessary. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 15:43, 24 May 2016 (UTC)
::<s>The issue is that we simply have passive assent rather than any language indicating they have read and understood the license, or even that they are the copyright holders. Ideally it would also come directly from them, yes. See [[:c:COM:CONSENT]] for the type of language that avoids ambiguity. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 12:35, 25 May 2016 (UTC)</s> ''Replied on wrong page (was supposed to be a reply to a comment on my talk page'' [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 13:01, 25 May 2016 (UTC)
:::{{u|Storkk}}, note that the page you linked to uses vague language too: it says 'the media work'. In this case, the file has been overwritten so that there are two different 'media works' (photos) in the history. --[[User:Stefan2|Stefan2]] ([[User talk:Stefan2|talk]]) 12:49, 25 May 2016 (UTC)
::::{{ping|Stefan2}} Apologies... that comment was meant to be a reply to a message on my talk page - apparently I had the edit box open on both pages and somehow typed my response into the wrong box. You are correct in that I (and I hope other OTRS agents) would take an ambiguous permission to apply ''only'' to the file as it appeared when the permission was sent, and the agent who deals with the ticket should request clarification. If permission ends up applying only to one version, the other should be deleted. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 13:01, 25 May 2016 (UTC)

== File:Izzy Lee dark cropped hi res.jpg ==

Hi! Can someone help me with the image [[:File:Izzy Lee dark cropped hi res.jpg]]?

Long story short, I contacted the filmmaker in the hopes of gaining an image that can be used on her article. She was more than happy to donate an image and she's sent an e-mail to OTRS with the image and the required permissions. The e-mail address in question is (redacted) and the image was attached to the e-mail. She was told to upload the image and since she didn't have an account and wasn't entirely familiar with the process, I was asked to upload the image. I've placed an OTRS tag on the page and went through the whole image upload process, but now the image is tagged for deletion as a non-fair use image. I've posted a bit of a dispute on the image, but I need some help here.

What can I do to ensure that this image is not deleted? I'd posted an OTRS pending tag on the talk page, but that doesn't seem to have done anything and the image was still tagged. I've added the tag to the image main page itself as well. Considering that there's a huge OTRS backlog and the ticket can't be placed until the image has been uploaded and the deletion tag only gives me about 1-2 days, I'm concerned about its deletion. [[User:Tokyogirl79|Tokyogirl79]][[User talk:Tokyogirl79|''' (｡◕‿◕｡)''']] 05:01, 27 May 2016 (UTC)

:{{re|Tokyogirl79}} Permissions have been recieved ( {{OTRS ticket|9199137|2016052610001143}} ) and I have modified the file page. Please fill in the {{tl|information}} template on the file page. Thank you, [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 05:37, 27 May 2016 (UTC)
*Thanks!! [[User:Tokyogirl79|Tokyogirl79]][[User talk:Tokyogirl79|''' (｡◕‿◕｡)''']] 05:44, 27 May 2016 (UTC)

== [[Wikipedia:Files for discussion/2016 May 14#File:Pierrenorthcarpicture.jpeg]] ==

Could someone with access to the ticket take a look at this discussion? --[[User:Stefan2|Stefan2]] ([[User talk:Stefan2|talk]]) 20:04, 26 May 2016 (UTC)
:The copyright information for this file has been verified on OTRS. We are aware the image is from Facebook, and the source has been verified in {{OTRS ticket|8150072|2015022210010121}} [[User:Nakon|'''Nakon''']] 06:21, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

==Buckland Trophy image==
Hello, I uploaded the image [[:File:Buckland Trophy.png]] a few years ago. It was tagged for deletion recently with a need for permission from the original photo owner to be sent to the OTRS. I contacted him, he sent the form letter to OTRS, in which he cc'd me... and yet the file was deleted about 3 days later.

Please help me with...

[[User:DMighton|DMighton]] ([[User talk:DMighton|talk]]) 06:11, 28 May 2016 (UTC)
:Hello, I have restored the image as we have received the proper copyright information in {{OTRS ticket|9194068|2016052410014204}}. Thanks, [[User:Nakon|'''Nakon''']] 06:31, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

::Thank you! [[User:DMighton|DMighton]] ([[User talk:DMighton|talk]]) 12:28, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

== [[:File:Tsalta Baptiste.jpg]] and [[:File:Tsalta Baptiste 2.jpg]] ==

I have been asked to provide evidence of permission from the owner of these images. The owner granted me permission via [[Upwork]] messages rather than email, but I have been informed that screenshots of these may not be adequate. Will I have to ask the owner to "re-grant" me permission via email or will screenshots be enough to get the images on the OTRS system? [[User:Davykamanzi|Davykamanzi]] → [[User talk:Davykamanzi|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Davykamanzi|contribs]] • [[User:DavyK17|alter ego]] 13:04, 2 June 2016 (UTC)
:The owner should [[Wikipedia:Contact_us_-_Licensing|follow the instructions above on licensing]]. Complete the [[Wikipedia:Declaration_of_consent_for_all_enquiries|form]] and send it to permissions-commons@wikimedia.org for the photos. [[User:Glane23|Geoff]] | [[User talk:Glane23#top|Who, me?]] 22:34, 2 June 2016 (UTC)
::{{ping|Glane23}} Cheers. I'll have the owner do it as soon as possible. [[User:Davykamanzi|Davykamanzi]] → [[User talk:Davykamanzi|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Davykamanzi|contribs]] • [[User:DavyK17|alter ego]] 15:23, 3 June 2016 (UTC)
:::{{ping|Davykamanzi}} note that if the "owner" you refer to is the subject, they will have clarify how they came to hold the copyright, which almost always is held by the ''photographer'', not the subject. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 15:46, 3 June 2016 (UTC)
::::{{ping|Storkk}} Noted, but I assumed the subject would have rights to the photos because the photos are of the subject. Then again I'm not an expert on copyright. [[User:Davykamanzi|Davykamanzi]] → [[User talk:Davykamanzi|talk]] • [[Special:Contribs/Davykamanzi|contribs]] • [[User:DavyK17|alter ego]] 15:49, 3 June 2016 (UTC)
:::::{{re|Davykamanzi}} Incorrect, {{u|Storkk}} is absolutely correct. [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 15:53, 3 June 2016 (UTC)
:::::{{ec}} You're not alone, and subjects often assume that. However, only the copyright holder can legally license the files and that is almost always the photographer. In some circumstances (e.g. a photograph at a location where the subject has a reasonable expectation of privacy), we might ''additionally'' require the permission of the subject, but that is a separate issue. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 15:56, 3 June 2016 (UTC)

== [[:File:Portrait 2008 use.jpg]] ==

It's not clear whether the OTRS permission applies to one photo or both of the photos. If the both the current revision and the older photo have OTRS permission, the older photo needs to be uploaded to the Commons as a separate file (the newer photo is already there, under the same name). — [[User:Diannaa|Diannaa]] ([[User talk:Diannaa|talk]]) 18:25, 29 May 2016 (UTC)
:{{ping|Diannaa}} The permission is almost certainly OK for the current revision. I'd say it ''probably'' applies to the old revision too, but it's not certain enough for me to endorse splitting the file and applying the OTRS template to the new file. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 16:15, 3 June 2016 (UTC)
::The image has now been deleted from this wiki, so I will bring it up at the Commons, Thanks for your help. — [[User:Diannaa|Diannaa]] ([[User talk:Diannaa|talk]]) 16:18, 3 June 2016 (UTC)

== [[User:Anlace]] and photos attributed to C. Michael Hogan ==

While moving free images of historic landmarks to Commons, I came across [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ListFiles?limit=500&user=Anlace&ilshowall=1 many photos uploaded years ago] by {{user|Anlace}} that are attributed to a photographer named C. Michael Hogan. I am sure many more have already been copied to Commons. Some are licensed as {{tl|PD-release}} and some as {{tl|cc-by-sa-2.5}}. However, I am not able to determine if Anlace and Hogan are the same person - if not, the files are missing evidence of permission. Anlace has been asked previously on his talk page and not responded, and in fact has not edited for five years. I did notice, however, that two of the files - [[:File:Tchaacrmacal.jpg]] and [[:File:Roundbarnsocounty.jpg]] - have OTRS tickets. Based on the licenses in those OTRS tickets, can I assume that the license applies to all photos by Hogan uploaded by Anlace, or only those two particular photos? Thanks! [[User:Kelly|'''Kelly''']] [[User talk:Kelly|hi!]] 16:43, 30 May 2016 (UTC)
:{{ping|Kelly}} The ticket on the first file applies to [[:Image:Schaamacal2.jpg]], [[:Image:Tchaacrmacal.jpg]] and [[:Image:Schaamaya.jpg]], which are mentioned specifically. Ticket on second file applies to [[:Image:BennettValleylookingsecmhogan.jpg]] and [[:Image:Roundbarnsocounty.jpg]]. No mention is made in either ticket of Anlace or any other files or users. It might be worthwhile to try contacting Mr. Hogan... but I have a feeling that {{u|Anlace}} may be the only person who can shed light on the other photos (I'd say there's a reasonable possibility that they are Anlace's own work, but that's just an educated guess based on the language used). [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 16:03, 3 June 2016 (UTC)
::{{ping|Storkk}} - upon further digging, I came across [[:File:Monasteriocathedral.jpg]] which appears to state Anlace is Hogan. Do you think this a reasonable enough basis for an assumption that the photos can be tagged with {{tl|self}}? [[User:Kelly|'''Kelly''']] [[User talk:Kelly|hi!]] 16:19, 3 June 2016 (UTC)
:::{{ping|Kelly}} {{u|Anlace}}'s user page biography is also quite similar to [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/photographer_query?where-name_full=C.+Michael+Hogan&one=T C. Michael Hogan's here]... It's likely that they are in fact the same person, but I've sent Dr. Hogan an email ([[Ticket:2016060410007052]]), hopefully we can get an affirmative answer. [[User:Storkk|Storkk]] ([[User talk:Storkk|talk]]) 12:42, 4 June 2016 (UTC)

== [[:File:Elizabeth Fernea.jpg]] ==
{{resolved}}
A user added {{tl|OTRS permission}} in [[Special:Diff/724178999]]. However, it looks as if the user who added the template isn't a member of the global group "OTRS-member". Is the permission valid? --[[User:Stefan2|Stefan2]] ([[User talk:Stefan2|talk]]) 16:47, 7 June 2016 (UTC)

:{{re|Stefan2}} Permissions received, {{OTRS ticket|9225187|2016060710015789}}. File page adjusted. [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 17:06, 7 June 2016 (UTC)

== reconfirming permission for Hot Sardines photos ==

I sent a letter to permissions with this title regarding [[User_talk:Toploftical|Deletion pending for File:The Hot Sardines Jazz Band close up.jpg]]

Per your request regarding copyright permission, I have just sent the following:

From: Sue Jenkins
Date: June 07, 2016 12:34:13 PM
To: permissions-en@wikimedia.org
Subject: Deletion pending for File:Robert Beck self portrait.jpg

You kindly informed me that I had not sent the statement of permission by the copyright holder of this image. I apologise. Here is the statement. I have not done this before and could not find a template in your help files, so am attempting something. Grateful for any feedback if I have messed it up again:

Statement of Permission for File:Robert Beck self portrait.jpg

This is to confirm that this work was created by Robert Beck and he has requested it be included with his Wikipedia entry. He gives Attribution permission for it - it can be used by anyone as long as it is attributed to Robert Beck

SueJ 16:36, 7 June 2016 (UTC) — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:SueJenkins|SueJenkins]] ([[User talk:SueJenkins|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/SueJenkins|contribs]])  

:{{re|SueJenkins}} Permissions received,{{OTRS ticket|9225187|2016060710014146}}. File page adjusted. [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 16:54, 7 June 2016 (UTC)

{{re|SueJenkins}} [[:File:Robert Beck self portrait.jpg]] has a email on file but, this email does not have sufficient permissions, I have responded with a request for more information. Please see [[Wikipedia:Declaration of consent for all enquiries]], [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 18:35, 7 June 2016 (UTC)

== Alleged owner of [[Pot House Hamlet]] "withdrawing" permission ==
{{resolved}}
Hi, {{user|Pot House Hamlet}} is claiming to be the owner of [[Pot House Hamlet]] and now "no longer" wants the content on Wikipedia. Can a volunteer with access to the original [[otrs:2008013110012501|ticket]] please advise the user about this, and remind them what their original decision in 2008 entailed? [[User:Chenzw|Chenzw]]  [[User_talk:Chenzw|Talk]]  12:20, 8 June 2016 (UTC)
:The issue has been resolved at [[WP:ANI]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard/Incidents&oldid=724325642#Pot_House_Hamlet here.] (permalink) [[User:Kelly|'''Kelly''']] [[User talk:Kelly|hi!]] 14:36, 8 June 2016 (UTC)

== File:New Zarih for Hazrat Abbas April 2016.jpg ==

I have submitted the explicit email granting permission for the free use of this image, please let me know if more is need
[[User:Hooperag|Hooperag]] —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|undated]] comment added 16:58, 8 June 2016 (UTC) 

== [[:File:Dunn's yellow rose design.jpg]] ==

This file mentions an OTRS ticket number but does not contain any OTRS template. Does the ticket number refer to a valid permission statement for the picture? --[[User:Stefan2|Stefan2]] ([[User talk:Stefan2|talk]]) 15:54, 9 June 2016 (UTC)
:{{ping|Stefan2}} yes it does. [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 12:34, 16 June 2016 (UTC)

RE Your recent copyright message to me, I can confirm I have now sent to the permissions-en address, the permission to use the image noted below. Your original text is copied below for your reference

"Hello, Crisbbacon. Some time ago, a file you uploaded — File:MandyBoylett - Politician-Singer Image Apr16.jpg — was tagged with {{tl|OTRS pending}}, indicating that you (or perhaps the copyright holder if you did not create this image) submitted a statement of permission to permissions-en@wikimedia.org. Though there is often a backlog processing messages received at this address, we should have received your message by now.

If you have not submitted (or forwarded) a statement of permission, please send it immediately to permissions-en@wikimedia.org and let us know at the OTRS noticeboard that you have done so."

== Princess Aisha marriage ==

(Raising this here after [[User:Ronhjones]] - who applied the edit - suggested I get a second opinion, after I raised it on [[User_talk:Ronhjones#Princess_Aisha_marriage|his talk page]].)

I just wanted to check that we're confident that [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Princess_Aisha_bint_Hussein&diff=725018743&oldid=720887360 this correction of a name per OTRS "copies of official documents"] isn't part of a hoax. There was some weirdness (mentioned at [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ed Banayoti]]) of various IPs and SPAs insisting that Princess Aisha of Jordan's husband was the Canadian defence contractor "Ed Banayoti" rather than "Ashraf Banayotti" and/or that they separated a month later. One account claimed to be Ed Banayoti, explained that ''the Royal Court announcement itself'' had a typo on it, and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Help_desk&diff=prev&oldid=717382258 offered to send us his passport and wedding photos]. If the OTRS is from that same person, it seems very odd that a member of the Jordanian royal family is concerned enough to send his passport to Wikipedia, but unable to get the Jordan Times to run any kind of correction. Is the OTRS material conclusive enough to rule out a worst-case hoax? --[[User:McGeddon|McGeddon]] ([[User talk:McGeddon|talk]]) 11:31, 20 June 2016 (UTC)

== [[:File:Colac1.jpg]] ==

Ticket was added by {{user|Vanished user 5zariu3jisj0j4irj}} - not sure whether they used to be an OTRS member or not. Request a check on the permission prior to moving to Commons. [[User:Kelly|'''Kelly''']] [[User talk:Kelly|hi!]] 13:15, 22 June 2016 (UTC)
:: They don't appear to be (yes it's possible to see who's behind a "Vanished User" nickname, no I won't say how). They appear to have no user rights other than just "user". [[User:KoshVorlon|'''Kosh''''''Vorlon''']] 15:43, 22 June 2016 (UTC)
:{{ping|Kelly|KoshVorlon}} Permission all looks ok, I've updated the licence and information and moved the file to Commons under a better filename. [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 16:38, 22 June 2016 (UTC)
::{{resolved}} - Thanks! [[User:Kelly|'''Kelly''']] [[User talk:Kelly|hi!]] 16:44, 22 June 2016 (UTC)

== [[:File:Christy Turlington I'd rather go naked than wear fur.jpg]] ==

Request a check on the ticket for this image, as it was added by the uploader, not an OTRS member. [[User:Kelly|'''Kelly''']] [[User talk:Kelly|hi!]] 22:37, 20 June 2016 (UTC)

:{{ping|SlimVirgin}} Ping. [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 23:24, 20 June 2016 (UTC)
::{{ping|Kelly}} I'm suspicious - the claim in the ticket this is public domain appears to be countered by the website this was taken from at the time (which displayed a copyright symbol). I don't think this is a valid permission for the file, so have removed the ticket from it. [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 16:43, 22 June 2016 (UTC)
:::{{ping|Mdann52}} - there are other files with the same ticket by the same uploader. Would I be correct in removing the ticket from those files, or are there any photos for which the permission is valid? [[User:Kelly|'''Kelly''']] [[User talk:Kelly|hi!]] 17:35, 22 June 2016 (UTC)
::{{ping|Kelly}} this is a blanket ticket, however I'm not happy it's covering the files tagged with it (as it is just too broad, and there are clear cases, such as the one above, where it isn't valid). I'd say it can be removed from all as invalid. The email itself doesn't actually include a release, just what someone interpreted a statement on the site as. [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 18:02, 22 June 2016 (UTC)

== Passport verification ==

Hi! I was asked to help restore some basic personal information on the article for [[Vikram_Singh_(actor)]] on my talk page [[User_talk:Tokyogirl79#Vikram_Singh_.28Actor.29|here]], by {{u|Piyushratnu}}. (Just for disclosure's sake Piyushrantu is a COI editor. I've worked with him on various articles and he's always been careful to try to follow COI guidelines, so I can vouch for his trustworthiness.) One of the solutions I brought up was Singh confirming this via his Twitter account, where I would ask him a direct question that he would answer with specific detail, as the info we want to restore is something basic like date of birth, birth location, and parentage, as well as his siblings. Another option was news coverage, however Indian news papers are less likely to report on this since it's seen as far less important than his movie roles - something I can vouch for, as someone who has searched Indian newspapers for various articles.

The question was asked if the actor's passport and Pan Card could be used to verify some of his personal data. Obviously this shouldn't be posted to Wikipedia, but maybe it could be sent to OTRS and there can be a ticket on the page? It could also help to verify his Twitter account, in case someone wanted to challenge that. [[User:Tokyogirl79|Tokyogirl79]][[User talk:Tokyogirl79|''' (｡◕‿◕｡)''']] 06:40, 30 June 2016 (UTC)
:{{ping|Tokyogirl79}} I can't remember the exact link, but there was an RfC on this exact point a while back, with a consensus against using passports to verify personal information. [[User:Mdann52|Mdann52]] ([[User talk:Mdann52|talk]]) 09:08, 30 June 2016 (UTC)
::[[Wikipedia:Village_pump_(policy)/Archive_123#RfC_-_should_we_allow_primary_sources_sent_in_to_OTRS|Probably this one]]. I suggest again that no one at OTRS is equipped to verify government-issued documents. -- [[user:zzuuzz|zzuuzz]] [[user_talk:zzuuzz|(talk)]] 09:17, 30 June 2016 (UTC)
*Hmm... it it necessary for him to get his Twitter account verified via OTRS? This I'm asking because the Twitter option is the next step. [[User:Tokyogirl79|Tokyogirl79]][[User talk:Tokyogirl79|''' (｡◕‿◕｡)''']] 09:40, 30 June 2016 (UTC)

== File:Swaminarayan charity.jpg ==

Greetings, [[:File:Swaminarayan charity.jpg]] is currently tagged with an OTRS template but the file contains more than one file. To which version does the OTRS template refer to? Pinging {{U|Peripitus}} but they have not been very active lately.[[User:Jo-Jo Eumerus|Jo-Jo Eumerus]] ([[User talk:Jo-Jo Eumerus|talk]], [[Special:CentralAuth/Jo-Jo Eumerus|contributions]]) 12:19, 10 July 2016 (UTC)
:Please note that ticket number is invalid. Ticket number must always be 16 digits. Correct ticket number is [[ticket:2009060810030176]]. There is no indication whether old version or new version is for review, just name of the file. — regards, [[User:-revi|Revi]] 12:32, 10 July 2016 (UTC)
:{{ping|Jo-Jo Eumerus}} Standards have changed in OTRS permission. I don't believe the permission granted at that time would be considered best practices today. However, the permission statement was filed on 8 June 2009 and granted on 9 June 2009, at which time the more recent image was present. The slight cropping was done after the date of the OTRS but I don't think that materially changes the issue. The main point is that the more recent of the two fundamentally different images was present at the time the OTRS was filed and granted.--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 13:23, 10 July 2016 (UTC)
::Hmmm. Sent it to [[Wikipedia:Files_for_discussion/2016_July_10#File:Swaminarayan_charity.jpg|FFD]] then.[[User:Jo-Jo Eumerus|Jo-Jo Eumerus]] ([[User talk:Jo-Jo Eumerus|talk]], [[Special:CentralAuth/Jo-Jo Eumerus|contributions]]) 14:03, 10 July 2016 (UTC)

:::{{ping|Jo-Jo Eumerus}}I'm confused. My main point is that the current image is covered by the OTRS ticket. Maybe I wasn't clear? --[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 14:13, 10 July 2016 (UTC)
::::Nah, you were clear. But the file needs to be unsplit in some way regardless, the thing about "questions" is in reference to {{tq|Standards have changed in OTRS permission. I don't believe the permission granted at that time would be considered best practices today.}}. I probably overstated it, though.[[User:Jo-Jo Eumerus|Jo-Jo Eumerus]] ([[User talk:Jo-Jo Eumerus|talk]], [[Special:CentralAuth/Jo-Jo Eumerus|contributions]]) 14:19, 10 July 2016 (UTC)

:::::OK, I should have read the FFD entry before responding. I agree, it would be good to do a split as one is covered and one is not.--[[User:Sphilbrick|S Philbrick]][[User talk:Sphilbrick|(Talk)]] 14:28, 10 July 2016 (UTC)

== [[:File:The Gas Dynamic Trap, Structure and B-Fields.gif]], [[:File:Gas Dynamic Trap Overhead.jpg]], and [[:File:The Gas Dynamic Trap Photo.png]] ==

I deleted the above three files for lacking evidence of permission in mid-June. There was no confirmation since its upload in February. However, the uploader contacted me, claiming that the issue was resolved in March. The ticket number is #2016022210012804. Can someone take a look into this and see if the permission is sufficient? — [[User:Explicit|'''ξ''']][[User talk:Explicit|xplicit]] 00:27, 11 July 2016 (UTC)
:[[ticket:2016022210012804|link for ref]]. Other OTRS agent mentioned the permission on the ticket is insufficient and they need to be more specific (and I agree with his decision) and the requesting user has asked the copyright owner to grant ''specific'' permission — no response after that. — regards, [[User:-revi|Revi]] 01:28, 11 July 2016 (UTC)
::Also, don't reupload the files until permissions have been verified. — [[User:Music1201| Music1201]] [[User talk:Music1201|talk]] 04:30, 11 July 2016 (UTC)

== [[:File:Typical Cover of Phys Chem Glasses Eur J Glass Sci Technol B.jpeg]] ==

Could someone perhaps have a look at this file? There's a ticket number, but no OTRS template. Thanks! --[[User:Randykitty|Randykitty]] ([[User talk:Randykitty|talk]]) 13:43, 19 July 2016 (UTC)

:Ticket seems valid, I removed the template questioning it's validity. Not sure what template is missing ? [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 15:57, 19 July 2016 (UTC)
::{{ping|Mlpearc}} - I think {{user|Randykitty}} must be referring to the {{tl|Information}} template. The file doesn't have any author information. Currently the license requires attribution but a re-user would have no idea who to attribute the file to. [[User:Kelly|'''Kelly''']] [[User talk:Kelly|hi!]] 08:35, 23 July 2016 (UTC)
:::ImageTaggingBot added that template, not me... :-) --[[User:Randykitty|Randykitty]] ([[User talk:Randykitty|talk]]) 09:05, 23 July 2016 (UTC)

== Permissions are now in for the following images -please do not delete files ==

Full use permissions were sent in April for ALL images on page [[Andrea Hamilton]]:

Wondrous Strange
Andrea Jarvis Hamilton
Luminous landscapes

However I note you have deleted the Andrea Jarvis Hamilton image. I will reload - please do not delete, the artist is resendng the permission email today (20 July 2016). Many thanks. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:RisenFall|RisenFall]] ([[User talk:RisenFall|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/RisenFall|contribs]]) 13:41, 20 July 2016 (UTC) 
*I see that [[:File:Artist Andrea Hamilton.jpg]] has both an {{tl|OTRS pending}} tag and a ticket number. Volunteers, can you confirm the permission on this image? [[User:Kelly|'''Kelly''']] [[User talk:Kelly|hi!]] 08:31, 23 July 2016 (UTC)
::{{ping|Kelly}} {{Done}} — [[User:Music1201| Music1201]] [[User talk:Music1201|talk]] 16:42, 23 July 2016 (UTC)

== Permission sent ==

I have written to permissions-en@wikimedia.org giving permission (as the creator of these images) for use of two disputed images,

[[:File:Mortenportrait.jpg]]

[[:File:Posternew.jpg]]

Thanks for keeping these images published! -Michael Stillwater — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Mstillwater|Mstillwater]] ([[User talk:Mstillwater|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mstillwater|contribs]]) 14:55, 11 August 2016 (UTC) 
:{{ping|Mstillwater}} Tickets reviewed. Marked {{tl|OTRS received}}. Permissions currently insufficient. Please check your email for the response. --[[User:Majora|Majora]] ([[User talk:Majora|talk]]) 02:27, 12 August 2016 (UTC)

== Marilyn Klaus Headshot.jpg: Permission Email Sent ==

An email granting permission for the use of the file "Marilyn Klaus Headshot.jpg" on Wikipedia has been sent from Marilyn Klaus, the copyright-holder of the image, to permissions-en@wikimedia.org via info@balletswithatwist.com. Please do not delete the file.

[[User:Miohcal Flork|Miohcal Flork]] ([[User talk:Miohcal Flork|talk]]) 19:45, 12 August 2016 (UTC)
:{{ping|Miohcal Flork}} Ticket in processing. Not yet confirmed. Image tagged with {{tl|OTRS received}}. --[[User:Majora|Majora]] ([[User talk:Majora|talk]]) 18:50, 13 August 2016 (UTC)

== Statement of permission forwarded; File:Ian McNabb, Digbeth 2014.jpg ==

Ticket#: 2016081310002974
--[[User:Jonie148|Jonie148]] ([[User talk:Jonie148|talk]]) 07:59, 13 August 2016 (UTC)
:{{done}} --[[User:Majora|Majora]] ([[User talk:Majora|talk]]) 23:16, 13 August 2016 (UTC)

==Photo inquiry from SanDiegoDWC==

Dear OTRS noticeboard,

I have resent the email that I have previously sent (permission of Flynn Larsen, photographer, to upload the image of Don W. Cleveland - sent on June 13, 2016) and the URL of the image I uploaded to Wikimedia Commons (Ticket 2016061310015099 - sent on June 22, 2016).

The subject line of the email I sent today (August 15, 2016) is
RE: [Ticket#2016061310015099] Licensing Permission from Flynn Larsen and URL of image of Don W. Cleveland on Wikipedia

And here is the URL of the image I uploaded to Wikimedia Commons:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cleveland_Don.jpg

Thank you for your assistance in this matter. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:SanDiegoDWC|SanDiegoDWC]] ([[User talk:SanDiegoDWC|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/SanDiegoDWC|contribs]]) 15:01, 15 August 2016 (UTC) 

;[Ticket#2016061310015099] Licensing Permission from Flynn Larsen and URL of image of Don W. Cleveland on Wikipedia

I have resent an email to Wikipedia with the URL of the image I uploaded to Wikimedia Commons (originally emailed on June 22, 2016) and the permission of the photographer of the image (emailed on June 13, 2016). The subject line of my email is [Ticket#2016061310015099] Licensing Permission from Flynn Larsen and URL of image of Don W. Cleveland on Wikipedia.

Thank you for your assistance in this matter. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:SanDiegoDWC|SanDiegoDWC]] ([[User talk:SanDiegoDWC|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/SanDiegoDWC|contribs]]) 15:06, 15 August 2016 (UTC) 
:{{ping|SanDiegoDWC}} {{done}} The image was already processed by another agent and is now OTRS confirmed. The tag has been updated. --[[User:Majora|Majora]] ([[User talk:Majora|talk]]) 05:56, 21 August 2016 (UTC)

==Photo inquiry from Realstuart==

The permissions note from Tom Szczerbowski will be re-forwarded to permissions-en@wikimedia.org regarding the picture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hyman-First-Goal-Buffalo.jpg. Please do not remove it as we have obtained permission directly from the photographer for the use of this image. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Realstuart|Realstuart]] ([[User talk:Realstuart|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Realstuart|contribs]]) 14:53, 16 August 2016 (UTC) 

The permissions note from Tom Szczerbowski will be re-forwarded to permissions-en@wikimedia.org regarding the picture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TML-Hyman-Puck-BOS-Chara.jpg. Please do not remove it as we have obtained permission directly from the photographer for the use of this image. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Realstuart|Realstuart]] ([[User talk:Realstuart|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Realstuart|contribs]]) 14:54, 16 August 2016 (UTC) 
:{{ping|Realstuart}} {{done}} Both of those images were processed by another agent and are now OTRS confirmed. The permissions tag has been updated. --[[User:Majora|Majora]] ([[User talk:Majora|talk]]) 05:56, 21 August 2016 (UTC)

== Permissions for 3 images ==

We have sent a permission email from the image owners, to permissions@wikimedia.org for the following three images:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Gas_Dynamic_Trap,_Structure_and_B-Fields.gif
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gas_Dynamic_Trap_Overhead.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gas_Dynamic_Trap_-_Diagnostics.png

(OTRS # 2016022210012804) We also got them to issue a statement of release, using your tool: https://tools.wmflabs.org/relgen/ . The images are still tagged as having insufficient permissions. [[User:WikiHelper2134|WikiHelper2134]] ([[User talk:WikiHelper2134|talk]]) 14:03, 15 August 2016 (UTC)
:{{ping|WikiHelper2134}} {{done}} The permissions were sent to the wrong queue. Please ensure that permissions for images hosted on the English Wikipedia are sent to {{nospam|permissions-en|wikimedia.org}} in the future. Emails sent to {{nospam|permissions-commons|wikimedia.org}} are sent to a different queue and can get misplaced that way. The tags have been updated on the three images. Please update the information section on [[:File:Gas Dynamic Trap - Diagnostics.png]] as that image changed from fair use to free use. Thank you. --[[User:Majora|Majora]] ([[User talk:Majora|talk]]) 06:16, 21 August 2016 (UTC)

== Photo permission re: [[:File:Lee Grodzins in Chicago.jpg]] ==
On July 7, 2016, David Romm sent to permissions-en@wikimedia.org an e-mail licensing [[:File:Lee Grodzins in Chicago.jpg]] under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported and GNU Free Documentation License. It is the '''first image''' listed in his e-mail. I have just re-sent the email to permissions-en@wikimedia.org. -- [[User:Ssilvers|Ssilvers]] ([[User talk:Ssilvers|talk]]) 15:49, 21 August 2016 (UTC)
:{{ping|Ssilvers}} {{done}} Email was in the wrong queue. All set. --[[User:Majora|Majora]] ([[User talk:Majora|talk]]) 18:52, 21 August 2016 (UTC)

== 2nd photo: [[:File:Lee Grodzins, NYC 2015.jpg]] ==
On July 7, 2016, David E. Romm sent to permissions-en@wikimedia.org an e-mail licensing [[:File:Lee Grodzins, NYC 2015.jpg]] under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported and GNU Free Documentation License. I just re-sent it to to permissions-en@wikimedia.org.

To help you find the image that he licensed, see:

https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10153097778355138&set=a.10153097670530138.1073741959.530260137&type=3&l=981cd71adf&theater

which is one of the images contained in the second link listed by Romm in his e-mail on July 7:
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10153099537670138&set=a.10153097670530138.1073741959.530260137&type=3&l=981cd71adf&theater

-- [[User:Ssilvers|Ssilvers]] ([[User talk:Ssilvers|talk]]) 17:44, 21 August 2016 (UTC)
:{{ping|Ssilvers}} {{done}} Email was in the wrong queue. All set. --[[User:Majora|Majora]] ([[User talk:Majora|talk]]) 18:52, 21 August 2016 (UTC)

== Waiting for permission to use picture ==
Hi, On August 7 I put a picture up on wikipedia, and had the owner of the picture send an email with the permission letter to Wikipedia, but the picture still does not have the permission tag. Can I put the picture on the Wiki article without the correct tag on the picture, or is it better if I wait? And if so, how long can I expect it to take. It says that the backlog is only 6 days long, and the permission was sent before that time. Thanks so much. Here is the URL of the picture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Don_Slager_Portrait.jpeg [[User:Paintbynumber|Paintbynumber]] ([[User talk:Paintbynumber|talk]]) 10:51, 18 August 2016 (UTC)
:{{ping|Paintbynumber}} {{done}} You sent it to the wrong queue. Please send permissions for photos hosted on the English Wikipedia to {{nospam|permissions-en|wikimedia.org}} in the future. Not {{nospam|permissions-commons|wikimedia.org}} as those get sorted into a completely different queue. --[[User:Majora|Majora]] ([[User talk:Majora|talk]]) 05:41, 21 August 2016 (UTC)
::{{ping|Majora}}Thank you. I will remember that information for the next time.[[User:Paintbynumber|Paintbynumber]] ([[User talk:Paintbynumber|talk]]) 06:19, 22 August 2016 (UTC)

== Help request ==

Dear sir/madam
I am writing to inform you that the request email has been already sent to ask for the authorities of Hamidreza Payman's photos and genrously the ticket code is sent to us .here:[Ticket#: 2016081010016009] 
since the photos have been deleted, I would be gratful if you take Appropriate action. 
Thanks in advance 
Your faithfuly[[User:Farhangname1395|Farhangname1395]] ([[User talk:Farhangname1395|talk]]) 17:27, 16 August 2016 (UTC)
: {{done}} both images have been restored and tagged [[User:Morgankevinj|Morgan'''Kevin'''J]][[User_talk:Morgankevinj|''(talk)'']] 04:44, 23 August 2016 (UTC)

== Dont delete the picture! ==

Hi, I put up a photo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jimmy_John%27s_Owner_Jimmy_John_Liautaud_Presents_$1_Million_Check_to_Folds_of_Honor.jpg but the permission email from the owner of the photo sent the email to the wrong address- he sent it to permissions-commons@wikimedia.org by mistake. Can you look there for the email giving permission? I would really appreciate it, thanks. [[User:Wineconnoisseur2016|Wineconnoisseur2016]] ([[User talk:Wineconnoisseur2016|talk]]) 07:00, 23 August 2016 (UTC)
:The image was already on commons, there was no need to upload it at en-Wikipedia. I've deleted it as "Now on Commons" [[User:Ronhjones|Ronhjones ]][[User talk:Ronhjones| (Talk)]] 00:32, 25 August 2016 (UTC)

==Please don't delete my pictures!==
Hi, I've submitted statements for [[:File:Sarah Palin at CPAC 2012.jpg]], [[:File:CBLPI Logo.png]], and [[:File:Marsha Blackburn CBLPI.jpg]], but I don't have access to the email where I originally sent it from. Can you look back? — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Amv1997|Amv1997]] ([[User talk:Amv1997|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Amv1997|contribs]]) 16:56, 25 August 2016 (UTC) 
:{{re|Amv1997}} I do not find an email that mentions the "Sarah Palin" image, the other files are tagged as accepted. [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 18:15, 25 August 2016 (UTC)

== [[:File:Putchers.jpg]] ==

I have asked the copyright holder, Adrian Williams, to email to you his permission for release of this image to Wikipedia. Many thanks. [[User:Martinevans123|Martinevans123]] ([[User talk:Martinevans123|talk]]) 10:32, 28 August 2016 (UTC)
:{{notdone}} {{ping|Martinevans123}} Ticket not found. Please provide a ticket number so we can assist you better. I have added it to my list of "things to watch for" and will continue to do so however any further information you have that can be used to locate the ticket would be appreciated. Thank you. --[[User:Majora|Majora]] ([[User talk:Majora|talk]]) 19:22, 28 August 2016 (UTC)
::Oh sorry, I need to get a ticket number first? I thought I had to request the owner to email first. [[User:Martinevans123|Martinevans123]] ([[User talk:Martinevans123|talk]]) 19:24, 28 August 2016 (UTC)
:::{{ping|Martinevans123}} Emails sent into permissions will be automatically responded to by the system with an assigned ticket number. Each ticket has a unique number and this number is the easiest way to find tickets. If the owner emailed it, the autoresponse would have been sent to them. If you weren't CC'ed on anything don't worry about it. I'll keep an eye out for it. So far, I am not seeing anything though. --[[User:Majora|Majora]] ([[User talk:Majora|talk]]) 19:30, 28 August 2016 (UTC)
::::Thanks. I only emailed Mr Williams today, with the standard text, so I'd give it a few days. [[User:Martinevans123|Martinevans123]] ([[User talk:Martinevans123|talk]]) 19:35, 28 August 2016 (UTC)
:::::He copied me in. Should be with you now. Regards. [[User:Martinevans123|Martinevans123]] ([[User talk:Martinevans123|talk]]) 18:42, 30 August 2016 (UTC)
::::::{{ping|Martinevans123}} {{done}} --[[User:Majora|Majora]] ([[User talk:Majora|talk]]) 22:40, 31 August 2016 (UTC)
:::::::Many thanks, Majora. [[User:Martinevans123|Martinevans123]] ([[User talk:Martinevans123|talk]]) 15:54, 1 September 2016 (UTC)

== Copyright question regarding image for Tim Bedding ==

Hello

I was requested to provide confirmation the image used on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Bedding page was free of copyright. It is. I was provided the image by Tim Bedding himself and he authorised me to load the picture on the site. I have also sent an email to permissions-en@wikimedia.org confirming this. Tim Bedding can provide a further authorisation to use his own image if required.

Regards

Stephen Berry — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Bezzanet|Bezzanet]] ([[User talk:Bezzanet|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bezzanet|contribs]]) 01:03, 6 September 2016 (UTC) 
:{{ping|Bezzanet}} {{not done}} Email not found. If you have a ticket number please provide it. However, it wouldn't matter anyways. The copyright owner is the photographer not the person in the photo unless the copyright is transferred by contract or legal action. But that is moot, as I cannot find the email. --[[User:Majora|Majora]] ([[User talk:Majora|talk]]) 01:11, 6 September 2016 (UTC)

:{{OTRS ticket|9409554|2016090610000621}} [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 01:21, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
::{{ping|Mlpearc}} It was sent after my first response. And it isn't valid. --[[User:Majora|Majora]] ([[User talk:Majora|talk]]) 01:24, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
:::{{ping|Majora}} I wasn't insinuating anything, I just found the ticket. [[User:Mlpearc|'''Mlpearc''']] ([[User talk:Mlpearc|'''open channel''']]) 01:40, 6 September 2016 (UTC)

MOS:INFOBOXREL

2025-01-04T17:23:49Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 2405:9800:B860:A682:5D55:27F6:4B48:D736 (talk) to last version by SMcCandlish

#REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes#Religion in infoboxes]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R from shortcut}}
{{R to section}}
{{R to project namespace}}
}}

User talk:Amata.amatainw

2024-12-04T16:56:16Z

Tegel: General note: Removal of content, blanking on :Talk:Software release life cycle.

== December 2024 ==

[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:Tegel|Tegel]]. I noticed that you recently [[Wikipedia:Content removal|removed content]] from [[:Talk:Software release life cycle]] without adequately explaining why. In the future, it would be helpful to others if you described your changes to Wikipedia with an accurate [[Help:Edit summary|edit summary]]. If this was a mistake, don't worry; the removed content has been restored. If you would like to experiment, please use [[User:Amata.amatainw/sandbox|your sandbox]]. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Tegel|my talk page]]. Thanks. [[User:Tegel|Tegel]] ([[User talk:Tegel|talk]]) 16:56, 4 December 2024 (UTC)

Talk:Software release life cycle

2024-12-04T16:55:32Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by Amata.amatainw (talk) to last version by Leonidlednev

{{Talk header}}
{{Old merge
| otherpage = Talk:Feature complete
| merge = yes
| discuss = Talk:Software_release_life_cycle#Proposed_merge_of_Feature_complete_into_Software_release_life_cycle
| URL = //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Software_release_life_cycle#Proposed_merge_of_Feature_complete_into_Software_release_life_cycle&oldid=1057001680
| image = [[File:Merge-arrows.svg|50px|link=]]
| date = 17 December 2021
}}
{{high traffic|date=9 July 2009|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/7509276.stm|site=BBC}}
{{WikiProject banner shell|class=C|
{{WikiProject Software|importance=High|computing-importance=Mid}}
{{WikiProject Video games|class=C|importance=Mid}}
}}

== Proposal to rename article to Software release lifecycle ==
I just tentatively named an article about what is beta version, how version numbers are used and so on as "development stage". If you come up with better wording, I will appreciate. -- [[User:TakuyaMurata|Taku]] — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|undated]] comment added 04:49, 9 May 2003 (UTC)
:I looked this up out of curiousity to see how the idea of greek letters denoting development cycles originated and where it originated. My guess would be "alpha" as in "first look" and then "beta" came after as in "after alpha" but that is just specualtion and what i came here to find out. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/69.193.143.69|69.193.143.69]] ([[User talk:69.193.143.69#top|talk]]) 18:26, 19 December 2004 (UTC)
:I would call the page "Software development stages" or something similar to that. "Software" to show what it's about and "stage'''s'''" because that the article is really about different stages, not just one stage. -[[User:Kesla|David Björklund]] — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|undated]] comment added 22:25, 11 March 2005 (UTC)
:: I think [[Software development stages]] is a much better name; [[development stage]] can redirect to it. However, [[Software release lifecycle]] might even be better, since arguably there is a whole bunch of work that goes on before an application ever makes to the alpha stage. Complain if you don't want this, I'll probably go ahead and do it. --[[User:Chris Pickett|Chris Pickett]] 22:17, 3 December 2006 (UTC)
::: Also, perhaps [[software release lifecycle]] should be created and then [[software release]] merged into it. --[[User:Chris Pickett|Chris Pickett]] 22:36, 3 December 2006 (UTC)
:::: Ok, I did the move, now I'll do the merge. One question: why does [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Software_release_life_cycle|what links here]] show all these rock band pages? --[[User:Chris Pickett|Chris Pickett]] 22:03, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

==Linux kernel renaming==
Needs and update re the Linux kernal naming. The odd/even business was introduced at some point (not initially), and have been (officially?) lost with 2.6 production where there is no 2.7 — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/203.167.249.253|203.167.249.253]] ([[User talk:203.167.249.253#top|talk]]) 00:06, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
:It might look that way, but I from what I can scoop from Google, they have every intention of making a 2.7 when the time comes; it's just that development has been going so fast that a 2.7 fork would involve a lot of patches that are already being submitted for 2.6, which means things wouldn't get too far. It could change, though. [[User:68.100.68.23|68.100.68.23]] 03:29, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

==Pronunciation of "Beta"==
Beta - a note on pronunciation would not be amiss. BATE-AH and BEET-AH are used by different communities and individuals (probably a link to a discussion - Hackers Dictionary?, alt.englist.usage? - would be appropriate) — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/203.167.249.253|203.167.249.253]] ([[User talk:203.167.249.253#top|talk]]) 00:06, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

::I don't think so, BAY-tah is the correct pronounciation, as is the letter in the Greek alphabet. It's not that important to this article as it is the Greek alphabet. [[User:Totalirrelevance|Totalirrelevance]] 09:19, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

== Gold Master ==
I believe, but cannot yet source, that we stole that from the music industry, in which I believe the vinyl stampers were gold-plated. --[[User:Baylink|Baylink]] 00:11, 6 August 2005 (UTC)
:I've heard a sort of urban legend (which I believe may be true) that the original final copy of the CD, once complete, is made primarily of pure gold, for its reasons. So 'going gold' is when they ship off that copy to the producers. [[User:Totalirrelevance|Totalirrelevance]] 09:16, 4 December 2006 (UTC)
:: that REALLY needs to be taken out becuase im like 98% sure its untrue i dont believe a cd can be made out of gold and corrosion isnt an issue with cds but with a gold cd the cd would be destroyed so easily could somebody who knows for sure confirm or unconfirm it. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/69.205.121.168|69.205.121.168]] ([[User talk:69.205.121.168#top|talk]]) 00:07, 11 February 2007 (UTC)
: I've always though it refers to (gold-coloured) [[CD-R]]s, which are/were often used as master discs for release to manufacturing etc. [[User:Letdorf|Letdorf]] 13:55, 8 May 2007 (UTC).
:: Of course a CD is never made ''entirely'' out of gold, but CD-Rs and DVD-Rs with a gold reflective layer are readily available (just do a search on Amazon.com). Gold media is excellent for archival purposes and would, therefore, be a logical choice for a master disk. [[User:64.142.82.28|64.142.82.28]] 23:06, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
:Sorry, folks, you're ''all'' wrong. In industry the term "Gold Master" only refers to a known-good reference object, be it hardware or software. It has nothing to do with use of precious metals. Marketing departments may apply alternate meanings to the use of word "gold", again, not having anything to do with the use of precious metals. — [[User:Hydrargyrum|Quicksilver]][[User_talk:Hydrargyrum|T]] [[Special:Emailuser/Hydrargyrum|@]] 19:17, 30 January 2012 (UTC)

==History==
The first time I ran across the alpha/beta/final development stages was in early Macintosh documentation from Apple. But where did it originally come from? — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/66.179.208.36|66.179.208.36]] ([[User talk:66.179.208.36#top|talk]]) 20:56, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
::I first saw '''beta''' being used in software releases on the Internet in the late 80s.. since there was no particular tradition on how to name versions I saw releases of 'beta' versions, because their authors claimed the new version to be better than the one before. So my impression the word 'beta' arose as a joke, and alpha/gamma was subsequently introduced by people who didn't get the joke (a lot later in fact). But of course the Mac manual sounds like it's older than my story.. ;) --[[User:SymlynX|lynX]] —The preceding {{#ifeq:{{{Date|{{{Time|03:33:54, August 19, 2007}}}}}} | | comment was }} [[Wikipedia:Signatures|signed but undated]]{{#ifeq:{{{Date|{{{Time|03:33:54, August 19, 2007}}}}}} | | | comment was added at {{{Date|{{{Time|03:33:54, August 19, 2007}}}}}} (UTC{{{Zone|{{{3|{{{2|}}}}}}}}}) }}. 

==What about "General availability"?==
I just wrote an article about [[General availability release]], another common term for the "Gold" release. That article should probably be deleted and incorporated into here. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/24.131.160.127|24.131.160.127]] ([[User talk:24.131.160.127#top|talk]]) 00:53, 15 September 2005 (UTC)
:I put a tag to suggest a possible merger. -- [[User:TakuyaMurata|Taku]] 01:11, 15 September 2005 (UTC)
::I merged the two articles. Feel free to correct me if you think I did a bad job (there were not that much from General availability release to reuse). cheers [[User:Kesla|David Björklund]] 13:16, 15 September 2005 (UTC)
:Speaking of GA, I had always thought a release that is dubbed "Generally Available" is exactly that: the most generally-available version, i.e., the GA version of PHP would be the version of PHP that most hosts have, and therefore it is the most generally available version of PHP. Have I been assuming wrong? [[User:J freeman|j_freeman]] 19:21, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

==Release terminology==
I've noticed that in recent years, developers have been doing less releases like "gamma" and "delta", and more like "-beta1", "-beta2" and/or "-rc1" and "-rc2" for testing releases. I personally blame open source for allowing updates to happen more frequently than in the past, as well as the increased vigilance of developers vs. exploiters. Can someone write something that details this phenomenon better than I could explain/opine? [[User:68.100.68.23|68.100.68.23]] 03:29, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

== POC? ==
What about POC? Proof of Concept? --[[User:84.177.217.156|84.177.217.156]] 13:15, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

== Good article ==
This is a '''good article'''! It is! It's simple, it doesn't drawl on for pages and pages and it's very explanatory! [[User:Crazy Eddy|Crazy Eddy]] 12:19, 30 June 2006 (UTC)
:I agree, I love the chart at the top right! --[[User:Qode|Qode]] 14:54, 3 August 2006 (UTC)
:Not from where I stand. Four years later, and I'd still rate it Start Class.—[[User:Hydrargyrum|Quicksilver]][[User_talk:Hydrargyrum|T]] [[Special:Emailuser/Hydrargyrum|@]] 21:12, 24 May 2010 (UTC)

== Merge from "Software release" ==
[[Software release]] as it stands would help make the introduction to this article better. --[[User:Chris Pickett|Chris Pickett]] 22:45, 3 December 2006 (UTC)
:Done. --[[User:Chris Pickett|Chris Pickett]] 23:09, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

== Software release cycle? ==
Correct me if I'm wrong: I think patches and updates do also belong into the software release cycle, as well as the idea, proof-of-concepts and designing the software itself. —The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[Special:Contributions/83.77.45.209|83.77.45.209]] ([[User talk:83.77.45.209|talk]]) 17:11, 31 December 2006 (UTC).

== Missing steps ==
Before: planning/proof-of-concept. After: patches and updates, replacement/migration, legacy support, and end-of-life. This article implies the software is released perfect and does its job forever without ever needing a replacement. Since many companies stop the cycle at Box Copy, the other steps would appear to be optional.--[[User:Zerothis|Zerothis]] 04:57, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

== "Gold release"? ==
In 24 years of programming work for major corporations I've never heard the term 'Gold' used. The common terms are 'production version' or 'live version'. —The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[Special:Contributions/82.38.112.222|82.38.112.222]] ([[User talk:82.38.112.222|talk]]) 15:43, 21 January 2007 (UTC).
:Yea ive never heard of it either i think that should be taken out. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/69.205.121.168|69.205.121.168]] ([[User talk:69.205.121.168#top|talk]]) 00:03, 11 February 2007 (UTC)
::It's used at IBM quite commonly [http://www.google.com/search?q=ibm+%22gold+release%22] [[User:Kaicarver|Kaicarver]] 10:29, 12 February 2007 (UTC)
:::I've heard of 'RTM Gold' — [[User:Gary Kirk|Gary Kirk]] // [[User_talk:Gary Kirk|talk!]] 11:04, 12 February 2007 (UTC)
I've never heared of a "Gold release" either (although Gold/Pro versions are used quite often, and therefore this term is confusing). Usually we call it "Release version" and that's quite obvious: release comes after release candidate. --[[User:134.58.253.131|134.58.253.131]] 17:33, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

I've heard 'gone gold' used quite frequently for the last 5-6 years, at least. Often, I find it used onPC gaming sites to denote that the product has been "RTM'd". — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/204.117.78.97|204.117.78.97]] ([[User talk:204.117.78.97#top|talk]]) 16:20, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

The term is used quite frequently. See [http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/G/gold_version.html] and, for example, [http://www.google.sk/search?hl=sk&q=%22Vista+goes+gold]. --[[User:Svetovid|Svetovid]] 08:46, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

== Beta ==
Could someone please write the subsection for beta testing? Thanks!--[[User:Josh Rocchio|Ioshus]] [[User Talk:Josh Rocchio|(talk)]] 15:54, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

== No Beta section ==
The page repeatedly mentions beta as the period after alpha, but there is no section on it -- the meaty sections jump from alpha to RC (post-beta). Considering the plethora of beta software (heck, it seems like there's more "beta" software these days than release software sometimes), it ought to be enough to flush out its own section. - [[User:KeithTyler|Keith D. Tyler]] [[User_talk:KeithTyler|¶]] ([[WP:AMA|AMA]]) 17:20, 18 May 2007 (UTC)
:Yeah, I just said the same thing about 20 minutes before...--[[User:Josh Rocchio|Ioshus]] [[User Talk:Josh Rocchio|(talk)]] 17:39, 18 May 2007 (UTC)
::Sorry, an hour and 20 minutes...--[[User:Josh Rocchio|Ioshus]] [[User Talk:Josh Rocchio|(talk)]] 17:41, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

The Beta section was missing due to incompletely reverted vandalism to this page. It's now corrected. --[[User:Spasemunki|Clay Collier]] 06:39, 19 May 2007 (UTC)
:Aha! Thanks!--[[User:Josh Rocchio|Ioshus]] [[User Talk:Josh Rocchio|(talk)]] 15:36, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

The article goes into the post-Netscape use of the term "beta" and talks about open beta, which Netscape called public beta. But given that beta has taken on a lexical definition that differs from the established technical use, there's not much in the article explaining the logistics of a traditional beta test and how companies use(d) it. The term is particularly muddy these days because the traditional cycle included a non-disclosure agreement, distribution of pre-release software, documentation, and pre-release hardware when appropriate, and an agreement to test and report specific aspects using a defined feedback channel not available to the general public. Beta tests also had/have multiple releases so problems reported in the first beta could be addressed in the second beta, etc. and there was an implicit or explicit expectation that feedback from the testers would be addressed between beta releases.

As the term is generally used today, often "beta" software is made generally available, there is no mechanism provided for reporting bugs or giving feedback that differs from that for GA, and in many cases is for software that will be available for free once released, such as Gmail. Although some products such as recent versions of Windows have pushed the definition of beta, at least they were commercially available at retail prices once released. But for products where the user isn't even asked to test, the word "beta" simply shows up when a user goes to get a copy of the software (or the software prompts all users to download the latest update, which is labeled "beta"), there's no special feedback mechanism in place, and there will be no charge for the software once the "beta" label disappears, then the software is not "beta" by definition in a traditional sense. It's generally available and sometimes is the only version offered, or a "beta" version of a website may be the one the user is taken to by default. Yet it's "beta" in the generally understood end-user sense of the word.

There should be something to explain what the mechanisms and expectations of traditional beta tests are, how this differs from "open betas" and how that differs from software that simply has the word "beta" tacked onto its name to mean "unstable." [[Special:Contributions/50.0.106.155|50.0.106.155]] ([[User talk:50.0.106.155|talk]]) 18:47, 1 May 2012 (UTC)

==The article [[end-of-life (product)]] should not be merged into this article==
The article [[end-of-life (product)]] should not be merged into this article, because end of life is a very common term for computer hardware. [[User:Andries|Andries]] ([[User talk:Andries|talk]]) 10:11, 13 January 2008 (UTC)
:I oppose the merge since the term [[end of life]] is applied to all areas of product design, not just software. This is especially true nowadays in the context end-of-life disposal (e.g. recyclability). [[User:Nahraana|Federico Grigio, alias Nahraana]] ([[User talk:Nahraana|talk]]) 23:15, 9 February 2008 (UTC)
::I object to the merge proposal because of the same reasons written above. --[[User:Pabouk|pabouk]] ([[User talk:Pabouk|talk]]) 12:18, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

== "Lifecycle" is a misnomer ==
As described, there's nothing cyclical about this process. Rather, it's a finite state machine. You start and then you finish. A "Product lifecycle", as used by Microsoft, describes the cyclical nature of product development and improvement over incremental releases. The industry at large has accepted this naming convention, and it has crept into all manner of related disciplines.

I suggest that we begin to stem this mis-use right here. Call it a process, framework, etc. It's not at all different from a manufacturing process, in which one engineers, prototypes, finalizes specs, goes into manufacturing. This process can be *part* of a product lifecycle; but, by itself, is not cyclical.

Take the life of a frog, as an analogy. An individual frog has a *lifespan* in which it procreates; thus, the species has a lifecycle. But, the frog is born and dies. Even in a re-incarnation scenario, the mortal lifespan of the frog is part of a broader cycle.

In summary, I suggest that we re-write the whole article.
[[User:JW googler|JW googler]] ([[User talk:JW googler|talk]]) 14:27, 10 April 2008 (UTC)
:It is a cycle. It's the product's life cycle, and it repeats for each product that is developed. [[Special:Contributions/70.251.0.151|70.251.0.151]] ([[User talk:70.251.0.151|talk]]) 19:02, 28 March 2010 (UTC)

== "Gold" release? ==
This is used almost never now. If someone can back up the claim that's it's used frequently, then specify this here, otherwise someone will have to change it. (By backing it up I mean a notable computer software company). [[User:Jaymacdonald|Jaymacdonald]] ([[User talk:Jaymacdonald|talk]]) 21:25, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

According to the wisdom of the hive (google)
:software "live version" 263,000
:software "production version" 247,000
:software "gold release" 39,500
It seems overwhelming now, I have made the change [[Special:Contributions/82.38.112.222|82.38.112.222]] ([[User talk:82.38.112.222|talk]]) 09:03, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

Agree [[Special:Contributions/88.108.223.52|88.108.223.52]] ([[User talk:88.108.223.52|talk]]) 12:56, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

Google tests are a bad idea. There's no way of accounting for the differences between sources inside and outside the industry. That said...
:software "gold master" 81,700
I don't know whose idea "gold release" was. I've never heard it used. [[User:SheffieldSteel|SHEFFIELDSTEEL]][[User_talk:SheffieldSteel|TALK]] 22:17, 14 August 2008 (UTC)

== Contradiction with alpha ==
The header summary claims that in the alpha stage, features are still being added. The pre-alpha section claims that "In contrast to alpha and beta versions, the pre-alpha is not feature complete." In practice, most alpha software is not feature complete. How to resolve this? —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/217.155.44.246|217.155.44.246]] ([[User talk:217.155.44.246|talk]]) 07:18, 27 May 2008 (UTC) 

:I also spotted this. Personally, I use 'alpha' in the not feature complete sense, and this is how I believe most would use it. But someone needs to do a little research on what is the most common meaning of the word, and then change the article accordingly. [[Special:Contributions/194.52.58.134|194.52.58.134]] ([[User talk:194.52.58.134|talk]]) 11:58, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

:Alpha testing is a form of acceptance test and should be feature complete. See: [[Alpha_testing#Alpha_testing]]. It's defined like this by the international testing standard ISTQB. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/213.207.96.130|213.207.96.130]] ([[User talk:213.207.96.130|talk]]) 08:05, 17 June 2010 (UTC) 

:: The confusion is there because of the evolution of the industry, technically both are right. The feature freeze is what separates Alpha and Beta. Software is "in Alpha" while new features are being added. Nowadays there are often releases in the middle of Alpha (not feature complete yet) with the last Alpha release being feature complete due to the feature-freeze happening right afterward; but in the old days the Alpha test was at the end of Alpha so it was feature complete unless there's a problem. [[Special:Contributions/2600:8800:2B00:7C50:75EF:BEC4:2FB8:F9D1|2600:8800:2B00:7C50:75EF:BEC4:2FB8:F9D1]] ([[User talk:2600:8800:2B00:7C50:75EF:BEC4:2FB8:F9D1|talk]]) 23:10, 11 May 2018 (UTC)

==Linked from BBC==
[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/7509276.stm] < This article is linked from the BBC Website. :) - [[User:Burwellian|JVG]] ([[User talk:Burwellian|talk]]) 05:08, 10 August 2008 (UTC)

{{done}} I add this with the correct template at the head of this page, but the stats don't really show any differences... [[User talk:Mabdul|mabdul]] 11:31, 12 February 2011 (UTC)

== Software sucks? ==
How would a new user see previous versions of an article to revert if necessary?
[[User:Jo3y|Jo3y]] ([[User talk:Jo3y|talk]]) 20:10, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

== Engineering builds don't stop at alpha ==
The article implies that "Pre-alpha" activity (Engineering Builds/Development Releases/Nightly Builds, whatever the term) stops once the product reaches the Alpha release. This typically isn't the case. Typically, these "Engineering Builds" continue throughout the lifecycle of the product - at least until it hits GA. While the picture isn't quite as nice, I'd suggest we remove the "Pre-Alpha" state, and introduce a "Engineering Build" state that pre-exists "Alpha", but also exists between each of the Alpha/Beta/RC/GA states. [[User:ChrisRing|ChrisRing]] ([[User talk:ChrisRing|talk]]) 15:38, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

== Just yet another specific release life cycle? ==
I have the feeling that a specific release life cycle is described here but in a way suggesting that it would be the only one. I consider this wrong. It should be named which cycle is used or by which project or foundation it is defined, for example by calling it lets say "the Apache release life cycle" or so. -- Steffen (http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benutzer:STD) —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/212.222.157.218|212.222.157.218]] ([[User talk:212.222.157.218|talk]]) 10:07, 4 November 2009 (UTC) 

== Horrible article ==
This article needs a lot of work. It's really muddled, only presents one lifecycle, and gives no sense of how software architecture fits in among other roles like testing. [[Special:Contributions/70.251.0.151|70.251.0.151]] ([[User talk:70.251.0.151|talk]]) 19:10, 28 March 2010 (UTC)

== Gamma testing needs more explanation or details ==
It could use more details about what it is, what happens during, and then the finale to what happens. —Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/98.166.212.221|98.166.212.221]] ([[User talk:98.166.212.221|talk]]) 01:49, 19 April 2010 (UTC) 

:It is [[WP:OR]]. [[Special:Contributions/2A02:3037:2E0:54EE:D48E:5F50:351:90CC|2A02:3037:2E0:54EE:D48E:5F50:351:90CC]] ([[User talk:2A02:3037:2E0:54EE:D48E:5F50:351:90CC|talk]]) 17:23, 28 July 2024 (UTC)

== Separate application and game life cycles? ==
There seem to be a number of phases listed here that are not general software development phases, and are instead particular to the production processes of games. My feeling is that the article is intended to be a generic one, and should cover the alpha->beta->release life cycle as the "typical" life cycle, and delegate discussion of specific variants, such as game production, and things such as "pre-alpha", "gamma", etc. into subsections, or possibly even separate articles. Trying to discuss all possible variations at once is very distracting, and makes it difficult to discern when each nuance is applicable. Since I don't understand the details of game development myself, I must disqualify myself from making these changes, however. What are others thoughts on this? Is there a reasonable consensus? [[Special:Contributions/70.247.171.108|70.247.171.108]] ([[User talk:70.247.171.108|talk]]) 21:52, 16 May 2010 (UTC)

== Myopic, parochial article ==
Where does it say that software or products go through the various stages — pre-alpha, alpha, beta, etc. — described here? It should be pointed out that this is but ''one'' possible naming convention and work flow model, albeit a rather unsuccessful one. As a matter of fact, if one arrives at the computer hardware or software industries from elsewhere, the terminology and concepts laid out in the article will seem somewhat, er, ''laughable'', and a recipe for business failure. Silicon Valley is littered with the bones of companies that followed this model.—[[User:Hydrargyrum|Quicksilver]][[User_talk:Hydrargyrum|T]] [[Special:Emailuser/Hydrargyrum|@]] 21:09, 24 May 2010 (UTC)
:If that's true, it would help the article considerably if you would provide references to that effect. [[Special:Contributions/70.247.169.197|70.247.169.197]] ([[User talk:70.247.169.197|talk]]) 02:17, 5 August 2010 (UTC)

== Missing term: GDR (General Distribution Release) ==
Windows often comes in RTM and GDR flavors. And if you link from there ([[GDR (disambiguation)]]) you will end up here, with no explanation what a GDR is, nor will you get any idea of what the differences between GDR and RTM are. -andy [[Special:Contributions/77.7.9.214|77.7.9.214]] ([[User talk:77.7.9.214|talk]]) 09:04, 31 July 2010 (UTC)

== Could this Article please clarify what "Stable Release" means? ==
The Article currently describes the term "stable" as meaning "relatively bug-fee" (See Section "Release," Subsection "General availability"). However, many Articles on various software applications refer to a single "Stable Release" date in the InfoBox as part of the version history. Could this Article please be edited better to clarify what that "Stable Release" date means? [[User:The Mysterious El Willstro|The Mysterious El Willstro]] ([[User talk:The Mysterious El Willstro|talk]]) 02:15, 19 March 2011 (UTC)

I second this motion, and would like a definition of stability wrt software. In this article alone it is used both to describe the lack of variation in features and the absence of "crashes." Imo this issue would require a separate article describing the property. [[Special:Contributions/46.9.119.32|46.9.119.32]] ([[User talk:46.9.119.32|talk]]) 21:17, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

: I agree. Many articles use [[:Template:Infobox software]] in a way that causes the phrase "Stable release" in that infobox to link to this "software release life cycle" article. What does that mean? You would never know by reading this article, because this article never mentions "stable release". --[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] ([[User talk:DavidCary|talk]]) 02:14, 22 October 2015 (UTC)
:: Let's get the template changed instead. [[User:Walter Görlitz|Walter Görlitz]] ([[User talk:Walter Görlitz|talk]]) 04:20, 22 October 2015 (UTC)

::: Even after we get the template changed, I think this article should at least mention the phrase "stable release", even if it's only to link to the same article that the template was changed to link to. p.s.: Do you have any suggestions as to a *better* article for that template to link to? --[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] ([[User talk:DavidCary|talk]]) 04:25, 29 October 2015 (UTC)
:::: They refused to remove the link so we're stuck with fixing the issue here. [[User:Walter Görlitz|Walter Görlitz]] ([[User talk:Walter Görlitz|talk]]) 05:03, 29 October 2015 (UTC)

== "Code complete", a.k.a. "code cut" ==
I have always heard the term "code cut" instead of "code complete", or occasionally "branch off". Once I heard "code twig". I can't find any reference to this though. Is it just me? [[Special:Contributions/124.147.79.84|124.147.79.84]] ([[User talk:124.147.79.84|talk]]) 17:10, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

== The pre-alpha, alpha section is a little messed up==
A majority of this section doesn't make any sense, making things worse, there are no sources for this section. I'll run by a few of the issues I see.

In the pre-alpha section it says, "Pre-alpha refers to all activities performed during the software project prior to testing." All software goes through testing at all levels. The programmer that coded the first hundred lines of code for the software will use whitebox testing before proceeding. Usually pre-alpha refers to a conceptual piece of software with no actual functioning parts.

For the Alpha section, it has always been my understanding that the alpha version was any number of software versions while the software is still in development. To me, this seems like the pre-alpha section was written for what should have been the alpha section. The only source currently in this section links to a PC Mag webpage that doesn't collaborate with what the wiki says.

I understand this can be a difficult issue. You can ask five different people and get five different answers as to what these terms mean. It seems like these sections are written with a colloquial but still incorrect perspective. I will find some sources backing up my claim when I'm not so tired, but as the sections stand there are no sources anyway. --[[Special:Contributions/68.39.25.109|68.39.25.109]] ([[User talk:68.39.25.109|talk]]) 06:01, 17 October 2011 (UTC)

Agreed - this article is all wrong, and it appears to be written by people outside of the software industry. Most outsiders have heard the term "beta test", and so they understand these industry milestones in relationship to testing. But that is not what the milestones signify at all. Pre-Alpha refers to any build (version) of the software (not activities or testing) that is in development, but not feature complete (usually this is determined by referring to a product requirements document). Alpha = feature complete, but not debugged or optimized. Interaction design should be completely implemented (user interface controls), but visual design elements may be missing or incomplete (look and feel) at the Alpha milestone. The Beta milestone refers to a version that includes all of the final visual design elements, and all critical or serious bugs (severity = 1 or 2) have been resolved. This build should be good enough to allow selected people outside the company to do some beta testing, but it is not tested and debugged to the level required for First Customer Ship. [[Special:Contributions/50.240.198.65|50.240.198.65]] ([[User talk:50.240.198.65|talk]]) 20:37, 31 July 2013 (UTC)

== What happened to FCS??? ==

Alpha
Beta
FCS <- First Customer Ship This is what it is called before the version number is assigned.

{{User-multi
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:Was it supported by a [[WP:RS|reliable source]]? I for one have never heard of this term. -- [[User:Nczempin|Nczempin]] ([[User talk:Nczempin|talk]]) 05:18, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
::Used by many companies, including Prime Computer (now Computervision) and Dynamic Software Corporation.
::Documented here:
::http://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/FCS
::http://www.dynamicsoftware.com/knowledgebase/release/fcs.html
::{{User-multi
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:::Hi, akc9000
:::The phrase ("First Company Ship") is not even meaningful in English. Beside, your sources are no good. One of them just expands "FCS" into a completely different acronym and the other, written in very bad English and full of typos, explains a single company's practice. [[WP:RS]] and [[WP:GEVAL]] do not approve of such contents.
:::Best regards,
:::[[User:Codename Lisa|Codename Lisa]] ([[User talk:Codename Lisa|talk]]) 10:22, 3 September 2012 (UTC)
:::: Regardless of it being meaningful that is what the lettering stands for, just because you don't like the content does not change its value.

::::Here is a reference from 2006: http://www.acronymdb.com/definition/FCS/first_customer_ship/3903

::::{{User-multi
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:::::Hello Akc9000, the source you provided is not reliable as all it is a definition of the name. Also I have been an active software developer for nearly 7 years and I have not came across the terms FCS hence in my opinion, it is not notable enough to be used. There are no notable or reliable sources to prove this. [[User:John F. Lewis|John F. Lewis]] ([[User talk:John F. Lewis|talk]]) 22:08, 3 September 2012 (UTC)

:: Just want to say FCS is totally accurate. It stands for "First Customer Shipment" but is shortened to "First Customer Ship". It might be considered slightly more academic or anachronistic, but it is still widely used. Googling "First Customer Shipment" yields thousands of press releases from the likes of Cisco and Microsoft. It represents the date a product is first shipped to customers. This can precede mass manufacturing and general availability. Thus it is as close to a demarcation of "done" as possible. It heavily connotes the start of marketing activities pertaining to the product. It is different than successive fix releases for a product. It is used no less than 35 times in Steven Blank's ''Four Steps to the Epiphany'' (the de facto bible of lean software entrepreneurialism). See page 3 <http://www.stanford.edu/group/e145/cgi-bin/winter/drupal/upload/handouts/Four_Steps.pdf>. [[User:Lunalot|Lunalot]] ([[User talk:Lunalot|talk]]) 06:46, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
:::Having worked for General Electric, Dover Corporation, Novell, SanDisk, and now Lockheed Martin, all of whom use "FCS = first customer ship" I would say you are correct. It represents an indispensable demarcation in the product life cycle with respect to revenue stream, if not emotional turning point. FCS differs from RTM in that FCS is typically a major milestone that occurs only once for a particular product version or incarnation, where RTM can occur daily, especially during an active CI/CD sprint. [[User:Nojiratz|Nojiratz]] ([[User talk:Nojiratz|talk]]) 16:46, 20 December 2022 (UTC)

== Request for comments: [[Template talk:Version|Establish standards for version history tables in software articles]] ==
As this article deals with version stages, I hope I can adress you here: I'd like to introduce the [[Template:Version]] template to Wikipedia with the goal to establish one standard for version history tables (or lists). It simplifies creation of release histories, standardizes release stages and makes the content more accessible.
Please comment on the [[Template talk:Version|template talk page]] (there already is some discussion). Thanks for your contribution. [[User:Jesus Presley|Jesus Presley]] ([[User talk:Jesus Presley|talk]]) 07:27, 1 December 2012 (UTC)

== time-based and feature-based release cycles ==

We should mention the two possibilities; e.g. LibreOffice is having a time-based release cycle and Apache's OpenOffice a feature-based release cycle. See also [[Release early, release often]]. [[User talk:Mabdul|mabdul]] 09:14, 11 July 2013 (UTC)

== EOLA, LOD, EOL ==

In "General availability" section, in the "Various Milestones in Producr Life Cycle" image, EOLA, LOD, EOL are not defined. Please define them, or put hyperlinks in the acronyms or at least expand the acronyms.
[[Special:Contributions/71.139.170.36|71.139.170.36]] ([[User talk:71.139.170.36|talk]]) 02:40, 29 March 2014 (UTC)
:I've improved the caption for the image. [[User:Mindmatrix|Mind]][[User_talk:Mindmatrix|matrix]] 15:10, 29 March 2014 (UTC)

== Add terms "dev" and "indev" ==

I wanted to know if "dev" had a specific software/etc meaning. Searching WP for "dev" brings up this line under Technology uses:
* dev or indev software, software still in early stages of a [[software release life cycle]]
But neither "dev" or "indev" are mentioned in this article. I think they should be mentioned at least once, such as a line starting with:
Development (or "dev" or "indev")...
[[User:Squish7|Squish7]] ([[User talk:Squish7|talk]]) 03:17, 5 March 2015 (UTC)

:"Dev" is, in my experience, commonly short for "development" or "developer". ([[wiktionary:dev#English|See also wiktionary]], and I've added those two to [[dev|the disambiguation page for dev]].) I don't remember hearing "dev" nor "indev" used in the sense of pre-release software, software still in development. --[[User:Mathieu ottawa|Mathieu ottawa]] ([[User talk:Mathieu ottawa|talk]]) 21:44, 26 October 2015 (UTC)

== "Gold" in different, conflicting phases of the release period ==

The [[Media:Software_dev2.svg|Software release life cycle map]] in the top corner has Gold as "Production or live release", and shows that as being two phases later than RTM. The text, on the other hand, puts gold in the RTM phase.

Unless I've misunderstood, this is a conflict.

--[[User:Mathieu ottawa|Mathieu ottawa]] ([[User talk:Mathieu ottawa|talk]]) 20:41, 26 October 2015 (UTC)

: It depends on your point of view. For the developer "Gold" is the last RC (sometimes "Silver") version that's been OK'ed ("Going Gold") to be sent off to the customers. But it takes time for the release to be put on the web or copied onto CDs and shipped to retail stores; this is the RTM phase. The Gold release "Goes Live" at the end of RTM, the moment the software can be bought or downloaded by the customers, often pre-scheduled to be on a Tuesday. (This is the traditional flow, of course, nowadays it's all become a bit blurred with pre-ordering, early access, and programs being able to be updated over the web). [[User:Ikmxx|Ikmxx]] ([[User talk:Ikmxx|talk]]) 23:42, 11 May 2018 (UTC)

== Misleading as to the scope of applicability of the information ==

I second the comment in "Just yet another specific release life cycle?" There is no standard release life cycle. Virtually every organization has significant variants or completely different approaches. This article needs to make clear the source of the information and the scope to which it is applicable. — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Robert Falkowitz|Robert Falkowitz]] ([[User talk:Robert Falkowitz|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert Falkowitz|contribs]]) 09:20, 13 February 2016 (UTC) 

I think the information in this article is centered on commercial software and freeware, and ignores FOSS entirely in its scope. [[Special:Contributions/85.64.33.163|85.64.33.163]] ([[User talk:85.64.33.163|talk]]) 19:49, 1 May 2018 (UTC)
: Feel free to add content related to free and open-source software, particularly in how it differs from other software development processes, provided that it is sourced with reliable sources. [[User:Walter Görlitz|Walter Görlitz]] ([[User talk:Walter Görlitz|talk]]) 04:36, 2 May 2018 (UTC)

== early access ==

<blockquote>
Early customers purchased a "pioneer edition" of the WordVision word processor for the IBM PC for $49.95. In 1984, Stephen Manes wrote that '''"in a brilliant marketing coup, Bruce and James Program Publishers managed to get people to pay for the privilege of testing the product."'''
</blockquote>

Amusingly this is now very common in the video game industry... they call it "early access".
It might be worth mentioning in the article.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_access

[[User:AnonymousAuthority|AnonymousAuthority]] ([[User talk:AnonymousAuthority|talk]]) 00:16, 15 March 2016 (UTC)

== Terminology also used for hardware ==
I believe the alpha and beta terminology is now quite commonly used for hardware, not just software. It seems that Wikipedia should incorporate this somehow, whether in a "hardware release cycle" article or changing the title of this article to "technology release cycle" or something like that. --[[User:Westwind273|Westwind273]] ([[User talk:Westwind273|talk]]) 23:43, 26 August 2016 (UTC)

== A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion ==
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion:
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Participate in the deletion discussion at the [[commons:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Software dev2.svg|nomination page]]. [[User:Community Tech bot|Community Tech bot]] ([[User talk:Community Tech bot|talk]]) 16:21, 15 June 2018 (UTC)

== Software ==

Creating pages. If anyone has any advice, i need all i can get. Thank You [[User:Hmercer1976|Hmercer1976]] ([[User talk:Hmercer1976|talk]]) 09:42, 7 April 2019 (UTC)
== "RC3" listed at [[Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion|Redirects for discussion]] ==
[[File:Information.svg|30px]]
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect [[:RC3]]. The discussion will occur at [[Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 February 14#RC3]] until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion.  [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 12:58, 14 February 2021 (UTC)

== Proposed merge of [[Feature complete]] into [[Software release life cycle]] ==
{{Discussion top|1=The result was '''merge''' into Software release life cycle. -- [[User:Whiteguru|Whiteguru]] ([[User talk:Whiteguru|talk]]) 05:33, 17 December 2021 (UTC)}}
Current [[WP:DICTDEF]] and overlap with main topic. Also suggested on talk. [[User:Widefox|Widefox]]; [[User talk:Widefox|talk]] 19:02, 20 November 2021 (UTC)
{{discussion bottom}}

User talk:14.228.60.3

2024-11-25T23:11:44Z

Tegel: Reverted edits by 14.228.60.3 (talk) to last version by Ivanvector

{{unblock reviewed|1=khoá [[Special:Contributions/14.228.60.3|14.228.60.3]] ([[User talk:14.228.60.3#top|talk]]) 16:59, 25 November 2024 (UTC)|decline=This IP address is not blocked. [[User:Ivanvector|Ivanvector]] ([[User talk:Ivanvector|Talk]]/[[Special:Contributions/Ivanvector|Edits]]) 17:22, 25 November 2024 (UTC)}}

User talk:HanTsî

2024-11-22T06:59:48Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 2402:7500:4E3:292B:91CA:A85C:19C2:7DCD (talk) to last version by XXBlackburnXx

== Hey ==

I seen you edit wiki for Kavell he’s not on a try out with jilin he has officially signed with the team.

thanks [[User:Kavell6ft11|Kavell6ft11]] ([[User talk:Kavell6ft11|talk]]) 18:25, 20 November 2024 (UTC)

:沒有來源證明已經簽約。如果已經簽約，Jilin Northeast Tigers會發一篇如
:"官宣｜XXX·XXX加盟吉林九台农商银行东北虎篮球俱乐部
:吉林九台农商银行东北虎篮球俱乐部已与XXX·XXX完成签约，XXX·XXX加盟吉林九台农商银行东北虎男篮"
:的貼文[https://weibo.com/1254009611/OCi89cW1q][https://weibo.com/1254009611/Owu0LDhBg][https://weibo.com/1254009611/OwDPCr7m7][https://weibo.com/1254009611/OwWGHcMC9]，配有welcome的圖片。截至目前為止，Jilin Northeast Tigers還沒有發這樣的貼文。read [[WP:PROOF]]. [[User:HanTsî|HanTsî]] ([[User talk:HanTsî#top|talk]]) 18:29, 20 November 2024 (UTC)
:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/ieHZbv9DGUmLveKl6oJEGg [[User:Kavell6ft11|Kavell6ft11]] ([[User talk:Kavell6ft11|talk]]) 22:55, 20 November 2024 (UTC)
::沒有寫已簽約。隻字未提。 [[User:HanTsî|HanTsî]] ([[User talk:HanTsî#top|talk]]) 23:05, 20 November 2024 (UTC)
:::Do you want to see prove a contract has been signed lol [[User:Kavell6ft11|Kavell6ft11]] ([[User talk:Kavell6ft11|talk]]) 23:16, 20 November 2024 (UTC)
::::就算你是他的經紀人，在這提供他已簽約的第一手照片等之類證據也沒用，因為這不符合維基百科的規定，請去了解[[WP:RELIABLE]]。 [[User:HanTsî|HanTsî]] ([[User talk:HanTsî#top|talk]]) 23:24, 20 November 2024 (UTC)

User talk:98.15.215.82

2024-11-11T21:09:40Z

Tegel: ←Blanked the page

Asgore (Undertale)

2024-11-11T21:07:56Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 98.15.215.82 (talk) to last version by NatwonTSG2

#REDIRECT [[Asgore]]
{{Redirect category shell|
{{R avoided double redirect|1=Asgore Dreemurr}}
{{R from fictional character|Undertale}}
}}

Sans.

2024-11-11T21:07:53Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 98.15.215.82 (talk) to last version by Danubeball

#Redirect [[Sans (Undertale)]]

ASGORE

2024-11-11T21:07:49Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 98.15.215.82 (talk) to last version by TechnoSquirrel69

#REDIRECT [[Asgore]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from other capitalisation}}
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User talk:98.15.215.82

2024-11-11T21:07:38Z

Tegel: Reverted edits by 98.15.215.82 (talk) to last version by User-28472872839893284110423894

User talk:User-28472872839893284110423894

2024-11-11T21:06:43Z

Tegel: Reverted edits by 98.15.215.82 (talk) to last version by JBW

==Confusing use of multiple accounts and usernames==
# Please stick to one account, and don't keep having it renamed. What you have been doing is very unhelpful, as it is likely to confuse and mislead editors.
# Please make sure that the user page and/or talk page of every account you have used lists every other account you have used.
# Please don't use a username which is long and impossible for anyone to remember or to type. I suggest you choose a straightforward username, and make your '''''final''''' change of username a change to that one. If you choose a suitable name I can change it for you, if you like. [[User:JBW|JBW]] ([[User talk:JBW|talk]]) 20:55, 6 November 2024 (UTC)

User talk:2A02:1406:41:7A00:0:0:1651:6F2D

2024-11-08T21:57:58Z

Tegel: Caution: Unconstructive editing on :Frank Keating.

== November 2024 ==

[[File:Information orange.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at [[:Frank Keating]]. Your edits appear to constitute [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]]. If you would like to experiment, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Repeated vandalism may result in the [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|loss of editing privileges]]. Thank you. [[User:Tegel|Tegel]] ([[User talk:Tegel|talk]]) 21:57, 8 November 2024 (UTC)
{{Block indent|''If this is a [[Network address translation|shared IP address]], and you did not make the edits referred to above, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] for yourself or [[Special:UserLogin|logging in with an existing account]] so that you can avoid further irrelevant notices.''}}

Frank Keating

2024-11-08T21:57:29Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 2A02:1406:41:7A00:0:0:1651:6F2D (talk) to last version by JJMC89 bot III

{{short description|American politician}}
{{for|persons of a similar name|Frank Keating (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{BLP sources|date=August 2011}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Frank Keating
| image = Frank Keating at a conference, Oct 20, 2001 - cropped.jpg
| order = 25th [[Governor of Oklahoma]]
| lieutenant = [[Mary Fallin]]
| term_start = January 9, 1995
| term_end = January 13, 2003
| predecessor = [[David Walters]]
| successor = [[Brad Henry]]
| office1 = [[United States Deputy Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]]
| president1 = [[George H. W. Bush]]
| term_start1 = 1992
| term_end1 = 1993
| predecessor1 = [[Alfred A. DelliBovi]]
| successor1 = [[Terrence R. Duvernay]]
| office2 = [[United States Associate Attorney General]]
| president2 = [[Ronald Reagan]] [[George H. W. Bush]]
| term_start2 = 1988
| term_end2 = 1990
| predecessor2 = [[Stephen S. Trott]]
| successor2 = [[Wayne Budd]]
| office3 = [[United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma|United States Attorney for the Northern District of Oklahoma]]
| president3 = [[Ronald Reagan]]
| term_start3 = 1981
| term_end3 = 1983
| predecessor3 = [[Hubert H. Bryant]]
| successor3 = [[Layn R. Phillips]]
| state_senate4 = Oklahoma
| district4 = 38th
| term_start4 = 1975
| term_end4 = 1981
| predecessor4 = Peyton A. Breckinridge
| successor4 = Wayne Winn
| state_house5 = Oklahoma
| district5 = 70th
| term_start5 = 1973
| term_end5 = 1975
| predecessor5 = [[Richard Hancock]]
| successor5 = [[Paul Brunton (politician)|Paul Brunton]]
| birth_name = David Rowland Keating
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1944|2|10}}
| birth_place = [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], U.S.
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Cathy Keating|Catherine Heller]]|1972}}
| children = 3, including [[Chip Keating]]
| education = {{plainlist|
* [[Georgetown University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
* [[University of Oklahoma]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]])
}}
| caption = Keating in 2001
}}
'''Francis Anthony Keating II'''<ref name=biod1>{{cite web| title=Newest First Family Structured, Diverse | website=Oklahoman.com | date=1994-11-13 | url=https://oklahoman.com/article/2483672/newest-first-family-structured-diverse/ | access-date=2019-10-14}}</ref> (born February 10, 1944, as '''David Rowland Keating'''<ref name="biod1" />) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 25th [[governor of Oklahoma]] from 1995 to 2003.

{{As of|2014}}, Keating is one of only five governors in Oklahoma history, in addition to [[George Nigh]], [[Brad Henry]], [[Mary Fallin]], and [[Kevin Stitt]] to hold consecutive terms and the first [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] to accomplish that feat. As governor, he oversaw the state's response to the [[Oklahoma City bombing]]. His term was also marked by the enactment of welfare reform and tax cuts.

Keating oversaw the [[Capital punishment|execution]] of 52 [[Executions in US|people]] under his term as governor, a record unmatched as of 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DPIC- Executions by State and Year |url=https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/executions/executions-overview/executions-by-state-and-year |website=DPIC- Executions by State and Year}}</ref>

==Early life==
Keating was born on February 10, 1944, in [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], the son of Mary Ann (Martin) and Anthony Francis Keating.<ref>http://voicesofoklahoma.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Keating_Transcript.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> He was born '''David Rowland Keating''', but his name was changed to '''Francis Anthony Keating II''' when he was two.<ref name=biod1/> Before he was six months old, his family moved to [[Oklahoma]] and settled in [[Tulsa, Oklahoma|Tulsa]].<ref name="history">Everett, Diana. [http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/K/KE001.html Keating, Frank Anthony (1944– )] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100718000124/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/K/KE001.html |date=July 18, 2010 }}, Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture (accessed April 4, 2013).</ref> A practicing [[Catholic]], Keating attended [[Cascia Hall Preparatory School]] in Tulsa, graduating in 1962. Keating attended [[Georgetown University]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] where he was president of the college student body, an editor of ''[[The Hoya]]'', and a member of the [[Philodemic Society|Philodemic Debating Society]],<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.nxtbook.com/naylor/BAKS/BAKS0111/index.php?startid=22#/28/ |title= New Man at the Helm |first= Bill |last= Streeter |date= January 2011 |work= ABA Banking Journal |access-date= June 9, 2015 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150613000135/http://www.nxtbook.com/naylor/BAKS/BAKS0111/index.php?startid=22#/28/ |archive-date= June 13, 2015 |df= mdy-all }}</ref> receiving his [[Bachelor of Arts]] in history, in 1966. He obtained a [[Juris Doctorate|J.D.]] from the [[University of Oklahoma College of Law]], in 1969, where he also was student body president.

Upon completing law school, Keating began his career in law enforcement. The same year he finished law school, Keating was made a [[Special agent]] for the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]. Relocated to the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]], Keating was charged with investigating [[terrorism]] incidents in the area and other various duties. After years on the coast, Keating returned to Tulsa to become an assistant district attorney.

In 1973, Keating, was elected to the [[Oklahoma House of Representatives]]. He would serve a single term in the House, until 1975, when he was elected to the [[Oklahoma Senate]]. He would serve in the Senate from 1975 until 1981. While in the Senate, Keating became the [[minority leader]].<ref name="history" />

==Federal career==
Keating's law enforcement career and prominence in the [[Oklahoma Republican Party]] prompted newly elected President [[Ronald Reagan]] to appoint Keating as the [[U.S. Attorney]] for the [[United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma|Northern District of Oklahoma]].<ref>[http://whitehouse16.com/the-candidates/allen-west/oklahoma-governor-frank-keating/ Oklahoma Governor Frank Keating] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014175844/http://whitehouse16.com/the-candidates/allen-west/oklahoma-governor-frank-keating/ |date=October 14, 2013 }} (accessed April 6, 2013).</ref> Keating served from 1981 until 1983, serving for part of that time as chairman of all U.S. Attorneys. During this time, he was one of three US Attorneys in Oklahoma handling the [[Oklahoma county commissioners scandal]], which resulted in conviction of 230 people, including 110 county commissioners, for [[public corruption]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 February 1984 |title=Toll 230 as book closes on county commissioner scandal |work=[[The Oklahoman]] |url=https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/1984/02/03/toll-230-as-book-closes-on-county-commissioner-scandal/62815077007/}}</ref> He gave up that post in 1983<ref>[http://newsok.com/keating-resigns-as-u.s.-attorney-house-race-expected/article/2048811 Keating resigns as U.S. Attorney], Newsok.com, December 2, 1983 (accessed April 6, 2013).</ref> to run for Congress in {{ushr|Oklahoma|1}} and ran a competitive race which fell short of defeating [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] Congressman and [[House Budget Committee]] chairman [[James R. Jones]], who won re-election with 52 percent of the vote even though Republican President Reagan carried the district.

Shortly after Reagan was sworn in for his second term, he appointed Keating to serve as an assistant secretary of the Treasury and later elevated him to associate attorney general, the third ranking official within the [[U.S. Department of Justice]]. These appointments made Keating the highest ranking Oklahoman during the Reagan administration. In his positions as assistant secretary of the Treasury and associate attorney general, Keating oversaw both the Justice and [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury]]'s law enforcement agencies. These included the [[United States Customs Service]], the [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives|Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms]], the Secret Service, the [[Federal Law Enforcement Training Center]], the [[Federal Bureau of Prisons]], the [[U.S. Marshals]], the [[Immigration and Naturalization Service]], all 94 U.S. Attorneys and the U.S. role in [[Interpol]].

Late in the Reagan Administration, Keating continued to serve in the Justice Department in his role as associate attorney general. In 1990, President Bush elevated Keating to general counsel and acting deputy secretary of Housing and Urban Development, that department's second highest office, under Secretary [[Jack Kemp]]. He would serve as deputy secretary until 1993. As was the case in the Reagan administration, Keating became the highest ranking Oklahoman in the federal government, under Bush.

On November 14, 1991, Bush nominated Keating to a seat on the [[U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit]], but with [[Democratic Party (US)|Democratic]] control of the [[U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee]], Keating's nomination languished and no hearing was held before Bush's presidency ended. President [[Bill Clinton]] chose not to renominate Keating, instead nominating former Oklahoma Attorney General [[Robert Harlan Henry]], who was subsequently confirmed.<ref>[https://bulk.resource.org/gpo.gov/record/2000/2000_S01212.pdf Google Search]{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Gubernatorial campaigns==

===1994===
{{see also|1994 Oklahoma gubernatorial election}}
After two years of private life, in 1994, Keating received the Republican nomination for [[Governor of Oklahoma]]. In a [[Oklahoma gubernatorial election, 1994|three-way race]] against [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic nominee]] [[Jack Mildren]] and independent [[Wes Watkins]], Keating was elected with just under 47 percent of the vote. He was undoubtedly helped by the presence of Watkins, a former Democratic Congressman, on the ballot; Watkins siphoned off a number of votes that would have likely gone to Mildren in a two-way race with Keating; his 233,300 votes far exceeded Keating's 171,000-vote margin of victory. Keating was sworn in as the 25th Governor of Oklahoma on January 9, 1995. He was only the third Republican ever to hold the post.

===1998===
{{see also|1998 Oklahoma gubernatorial election}}
Keating faced Democratic nominee [[Laura Boyd]], the first woman to receive a major party's nomination for Oklahoma Governor, in his [[1998 Oklahoma gubernatorial election|1998 re-election campaign]]. Keating won in a landslide victory, the second of five Governors in Oklahoma history to win two consecutive terms (after [[George Nigh]]) and preceding Democrat [[Brad Henry]]. He was the only Republican to do so before [[Mary Fallin]] in 2014

==Governor of Oklahoma==
{| class="infobox" style="font-size:90%; width:auto; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; clear:left;"
! style="background:#DCDCDC; text-align:center;" colspan="3" | The Cabinet of Governor Frank Keating (1995–2003)
|-
! Office
! Name
! Term
|-
! style="background:#000;" colspan="3" |
|-
|[[Governor of Oklahoma|Governor]]
|Frank Keating
|1995–2003
|-
|[[Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma|Lieutenant Governor]]
|[[Mary Fallin]]
|1995–2003
|-
! style="background:#000;" colspan="3"|
|-
|[[Secretary of State of Oklahoma|Secretary of State]]
|[[Tom Cole]]
|1995–1999
|-
|
|[[Michael J. Hunter]]
|1999–2002
|-
|
|Kay Dudley
|2002–2003
|-
|[[Attorney General of Oklahoma|Attorney General]]
|[[Drew Edmondson]]
|1995–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma State Auditor and Inspector|State Auditor and Inspector]]
|Clifton Scott
|1995–2003
|-
|[[State Treasurer of Oklahoma|State Treasurer]]
|[[Robert Butkin]]
|1995–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Insurance Commissioner|Insurance Commissioner]]
|John Crawford
|1995–1999
|-
|
|Carroll Fisher
|1999–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Labor Commissioner|Labor Commissioner]]
|[[Brenda Reneau]]
|1995–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma State Superintendent of Public Instruction|Superintendent of Public Instruction]]
|[[Sandy Garrett]]
|1995–2003
|-
! style="background:#000;" colspan="3"|
|-
|[[Oklahoma Department of Central Services|Secretary of Administration]]
|[[Tom Brennan (Oklahoma politician)|Tom Brennan]]
|1995–1997
|-
|
|[[Pam Warren (civil servant)|Pam Warren]]
|1997–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Department of Agriculture|Secretary of Agriculture]]
|[[Dennis Howard]]
|1995–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Department of Commerce|Secretary of Commerce]]
|[[Dean Werries]]
|1995–1997
|-
|
|[[Ron Rosenfeld]]
|1997–1998
|-
|
|[[Howard Barnett Jr.]]
|1998–1999
|
|-
|
|[[Russell M. Perry]]
|1999–2000
|-
|
|Vacant
|2000–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Department of Education|Secretary of Education]]
|[[Floyd Coppedge]]
|1995–2003
|
|-
|[[Oklahoma Corporation Commission|Secretary of Energy]]
|[[Carl Michael Smith]]
|1995–2002
|-
|
|[[Robert J. Sullivan Jr.]]
|2002–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality|Secretary of the Environment]]
|[[Gary Sherrer (Oklahoma politician)|Gary Sherrer]]
|1995–1997
|-
|
|[[Brian C. Griffin]]
|1997–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Office of State Finance|Secretary of Finance and Revenue]]
|[[Tom Daxon]]
|1995–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma State Department of Health|Secretary of Health and Human Services]]
|[[Ken Lackey]]
|1995–1997
|-
|
|[[Jerry Regier]]
|1997–2002
|-
|
|[[Howard Hendrick]]
|2002–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Office of Personnel Management|Secretary of Human Resources]]
|[[Oscar B. Jackson Jr.]]
|1995–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Department of the Military|Secretary of the Military]]
|[[Stephen Cortright]]
|1995–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Department of Public Safety|Secretary of Safety and Security]]
|[[Bob Ricks|Robert Ricks]]
|1995–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology|Secretary of Science and Technology]]
|[[W. Arthur Porter]]
|1999–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation|Secretary of Tourism and Recreation]]
|[[Edward H. Cook]]
|1995–1999
|
|-
|
|[[Jane Jayroe]]
|1999–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Department of Transportation|Secretary of Transportation]]
|[[Neal A. McCaleb]]
|1995–2001
|-
|
|[[Herschal Crow]]
|2001–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Department of Veterans Affairs|Secretary of Veterans Affairs]]
|[[Norman Lamb (politician)|Norman Lamb]]
|1995–2003
|}

===Oklahoma City bombing===
{{main|Oklahoma City bombing}}
Within three months of taking office, on April 19, the [[Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building]] in [[Oklahoma City]] was destroyed in the [[Oklahoma City bombing]], in which the lives of 168 people were lost and over 800 people were injured. The blast destroyed or damaged more than 300 buildings in the surrounding area, leaving several hundred people homeless and shutting down business.

Governor Keating mobilized relief and rescue teams to handle the crisis. Over 12,000 people participated in relief and rescue operations in the days following the blast. The national and worldwide humanitarian response was immediate and overwhelming. Governor Keating declared a [[state of emergency]], which allowed the [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] (FEMA) to activate 11 of its Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces to assist in rescue and recovery operations.

The national focus climaxed on April 23, when President [[Bill Clinton]], along with Governor Keating and the Reverend [[Billy Graham]], spoke in Oklahoma City. In the weeks following the bombing, rescue efforts ceased and the building was imploded. Through both his own works and the works of his wife [[Cathy Keating]], Governor Keating gained both national and international attention for his efforts to help the victims and their families. Governor Keating also created a $6 million fund to assist victims and provide for college scholarships for children who lost a parent, or both parents, in the attack.

===First term===
Governor Keating set out with an agenda for the state under his administration, with many of his initiatives passed, despite an often hostile [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] controlled [[Oklahoma Legislature|Legislature]]. Many of Keating's proposals were policies designed for growth and reform for Oklahoma. These included education reform, environmental protection, tax relief, road building, economic development, public safety, and tougher law enforcement. Keating created a public-private partnership to assure care for the indigent as well as a stronger medical education program.

Keating's first major success was the passage of the first welfare reform law in the nation in 1995.<ref>[http://www.oksenate.gov/publications/issue_papers/human_services/WelfareReformInOK.html Welfare Reform in Oklahoma] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218175915/http://oksenate.gov/publications/issue_papers/human_services/WelfareReformInOK.html |date=December 18, 2010 }}, Oksenate.gov Issue Papers (accessed April 6, 2013).</ref><ref>[http://www.okdhs.org/divisionsoffices/docs/ History of the Oklahoma Department of Human Services] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612202508/http://www.okdhs.org/divisionsoffices/docs/ |date=June 12, 2015 }} (accessed April 6, 2013).</ref> The success of the law served as a model for President Clinton's welfare reform act of 1996. Keating managed to improve road and highway conditions throughout the state without raising taxes.

Keating implemented tougher [[parole]] policies and introduced a landmark truth-in-sentencing legislation. Keating also provided no [[amnesty]] when handling [[death sentence]] criminals, allowing all of those sentenced to death to be executed. Keating also raised the salaries of Oklahoma's state troopers from the lowest in the nation to the 24th highest.

Keating appointed a special task force that created tougher regulations on Oklahoma's hog and poultry industries.<ref>[http://www.odl.state.ok.us/oar/governors/bios/keating.pdf Biographical Note on Frank Keating] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414200920/http://www.odl.state.ok.us/oar/governors/bios/keating.pdf |date=April 14, 2011 }}, Oklahoma Department of Libraries (accessed April 6, 2013).</ref>

In 1998, Keating became the first governor in 50 years to achieve a tax cut in the state's [[income tax]]. This combined with reduction in the sales tax, estate tax, and unemployment tax formed the largest tax break in the state's history until that point.

===Second term===
[[File:Frank Keating with Stephen Cortright.jpg|thumb|right|Keating with [[Adjutant General of Oklahoma|Oklahoma Adjutant General]] [[Stephen Cortright]] in 2001]]
[[File:FEMA - 5739 - Photograph by Gene Romano taken on 02-07-2002 in Oklahoma.jpg|thumb|right|Keating with [[Federal Emergency Management Agency|FEMA Administrator]] [[Joe Allbaugh]] in 2002]]
Sworn in on January 11, 1999, Keating's second term began with a progressive agenda, based primarily on education. In his 1999 inaugural address, Keating set four goals for Oklahoma for his second term:
# Raising Oklahoma's [[ACT (examination)|ACT]] to the national average by 2005,
# Decreasing Oklahoma's divorce rate by 50% before 2010,
# Ensure one out of every three Oklahomans has a college degree by 2010, and
# Raising Oklahoma's [[per capita income]] to reach the national average by 2025
Keating focused largely on education. He increased spending for common, vo-tech, and higher education facilities throughout the state and introduced [[charter school]]s to Oklahoma for the first time. His policies and recommendations on education to the Legislature lead to the largest investment, over $100 million, on higher education. Keating, in 2000, also raised teacher pay by over $3000 annually, the largest raise Oklahoma's teacher had ever experienced. Keating even managed to get higher educational facilities attracted to Tulsa for the first time. His legislative agenda required that all Oklahoma students take three years of math and four years of English, History and Science before graduation.

Along with the agenda set forth in his inaugural address, Keating sought to address out-of-wedlock births, substance abuse, and child abuse. Enlisting state government, community groups, and faith organizations, he organized the statewide initiative to strengthen marriage.

Keating struggled to get workers' compensation reform and right to work laws enacted due to the political makeup of the [[Oklahoma Legislature]]. Keating adjusted policies, made new appointments to Oklahoma's Worker's Compensation Court, and took other measures to control Oklahoma's rising worker's compensation costs. He would have to wait two years to see his vision for a right to work fulfilled. The Legislature decided to propose anti-union [[Right-to-work law|right to work measures]] as a 2001 constitutional amendment. Keating's six-year battle came to an end when, on September 21, 2001, Oklahomans approved the measure.

As he had done in first term, Keating sought to grant broad-based tax cuts. To further reduce taxes, Keating won passage of an [[income tax]] break and of the creation of Oklahoma's earned income credit system to benefit the poor. Also, under Keating's auspices, both Democratic and Republican leaders in the Legislature launched studies to examine Oklahoma's tax system, with the purpose of overhauling the entire system. During the study, the complete elimination of Oklahoma's income tax was proposed.

Keating signed a major criminal justice bill that reformed [[Truth in Sentencing]] law in Oklahoma.

In other legislative initiatives, Keating signed the repeal of Oklahoma's annual vehicle inspection program. He also granted state correctional officers and highway patrol troopers pay raises. Keating addressed the problems faced in Oklahoma's Tar Creek Superfund site by appointing a task force on the issue.

Among Keating's other accomplishments; overseeing the largest road construction project in Oklahoma history and leading his state through devastating tornadoes in 1999. As a crowning achievement, Keating raised more than $20 million in private money towards completion of the [[Oklahoma State Capitol]] with a dome. The capitol was originally designed for a dome, but state funding for it had run dry during [[World War I]].

[[Term limits]] prevented him from running for a third term; he was succeeded by [[Brad Henry]] as governor.

===Judicial appointments===
Governor Keating appointed the following members of the [[Judiciary of Oklahoma]]:

====Appellate courts====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Judge
! Position
! Court
! District
! Former Judge
! Appointment date
! End of service
! Successor Judge
|- style="text-align:center"
| 1
| [[Kenneth L. Buettner]]
| Judge
| [[Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals|Civil Appeals]]
| 5th
|
| January 26, 1996
| December 31, 2020
| [[Thomas E. Prince]]
|- style="text-align:center"
| 2
| [[Stephen Lile]]
| Judge
| [[Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals|Criminal Appeals]]
| 5th
|
| November 6, 1998
| March 1, 2005
| [[David B. Lewis]]
|- style="text-align:center"
| 3
| [[Daniel J. Boudreau]]
| Justice
| [[Oklahoma Supreme Court|Supreme Court]]
| 6th
| [[Robert D. Simms]]
| October 12, 1999
| September 1, 2004
| [[Tom Colbert]]
|- style="text-align:center"
| 4
| [[James R. Winchester|James Winchester]]
| Justice
| [[Oklahoma Supreme Court|Supreme Court]]
| 5th
| [[Alma Wilson]]
| January 4, 2000
| Incumbent
| Incumbent
|- style="text-align:center"
| 5
| [[Tom Colbert]]
| Judge
| [[Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals|Civil Appeals]]
| 1st
|
| March 6, 2000
| September 1, 2004
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 6
| [[E. Bay Mitchell]]
| Judge
| [[Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals|Civil Appeals]]
| 6th
| [[James P. Garrett]]
| February 20, 2002
| Incumbent
| Incumbent
|}

====Trial courts====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Judge
! Position
! County
! District
! Former Judge
! Appointment date
! End of service
! Successor Judge
|- style="text-align:center"
| 1
| Jon D. Douthitt
| Associate District Judge
| [[Harper County, Oklahoma|Harper]]
| 1st
|
| 1996
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 2
| D. W. Boyd
| District Judge
| [[Kay County, Oklahoma|Kay]]
| 2nd
|
| 1996
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 3
| Roma M. McElwee
| District Judge
| [[Oklahoma County, Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]
| 7th
|
| 1996
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 4
| John C. Garrett
| District Judge
| [[Adair County, Oklahoma|Adair]]
| 15th
|
| 1996
| 2006
| Jeff Payton
|- style="text-align:center"
| 5
| William R. Burkett
| District Judge
| [[Oklahoma County, Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]
| 7th
|
| 1996
| 1999
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 6
| [[P. Thomas Thornbrugh]]
| District Judge
| [[Tulsa County, Oklahoma|Tulsa]]
| 14th
|
| 1997
| 2011
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 7
| [[Gregory Kent Frizzell]]
| District Judge
| [[Tulsa County, Oklahoma|Tulsa]]
| 14th
|
| 1997
| 2007
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 8
| J. Michael Gassett
| District Judge
| [[Tulsa County, Oklahoma|Tulsa]]
| 14th
|
| 1997
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 9
| Richard Van Dyck
| District Judge
| [[Caddo County, Oklahoma|Caddo]]
| 6th
|
| 1997
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 10
| [[Harry M. Wyatt III]]
| Associate District Judge
| [[Craig County, Oklahoma|Craig]]
| 12th
|
| 1997
| 2003
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 11
| Norman Russell
| Associate District Judge
| [[Kiowa County, Oklahoma|Kiowa]]
| 3rd
|
| 1998
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 12
| [[Noma Gurich]]
| District Judge
| [[Oklahoma County, Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]
| 7th
|
| 1998
| 2010
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 13
| [[David B. Lewis]]
| District Judge
| [[Comanche County, Oklahoma|Comanche]]
| 5th
|
| 1999
| 2005
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 14
| Vicki L. Robertson
| District Judge
| [[Oklahoma County, Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]
| 7th
|
| 1999
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 15
| Deirdre Dexter
| Associate District Judge
| [[Tulsa County, Oklahoma|Tulsa]]
| 14th
|
| 2000
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 16
| Ryan Reddick
| Associate District Judge
| [[Texas County, Oklahoma|Texas]]
| 1st
|
| 2000
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 17
| Mickey Hadwiger
| Associate District Judge
| [[Woods County, Oklahoma|Woods]]
| 4th
|
| 2001
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 18
| Elizabeth Brown
| Associate District Judge
| [[Adair County, Oklahoma|Adair]]
| 15th
|
| 2002
| Incumbent
| Incumbent
|- style="text-align:center"
| 19
| Jack Hammontree
| Associate District Judge
| [[Grant County, Oklahoma|Grant]]
| 4th
|
| 2002
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 20
| Keith B. Aycock
| District Judge
| [[Comanche County, Oklahoma|Comanche]]
| 5th
|
| 2002
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 21
| David M. Harbour
| District Judge
| [[Oklahoma County, Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]
| 7th
|
| 2002
|
|
|}

====Courts of limited jurisdiction====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Judge
! Court
! Seat
! Former Judge
! Appointment date
! End of service
! Successor Judge
|- style="text-align:center"
| 1
| Ellen C. Edwards
| Workers Compensation Court
| 1st
|
| 1996
| 2002
| Reappointed
|- style="text-align:center"
| 2
| Richard L. Blanchard
| Workers Compensation Court
| 2nd
|
| 1996
| 2002
| Reappointed
|- style="text-align:center"
| 3
| Richard G. Mason
| Workers Compensation Court
| 3rd
|
| 1996
| 2002
| Reappointed
|- style="text-align:center"
| 4
| Kenton W. Fulton
| Workers Compensation Court
| 10th
|
| 1996
| 2002
| Reappointed
|- style="text-align:center"
| 5
| Jimmy D. Filosa
| Workers Compensation Court
| 7th
|
| 1996
| 1998
| Reappointed
|- style="text-align:center"
| 6
| D. Craig Johnston
| Workers Compensation Court
| 6th
|
| 1998
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 7
| Jimmy D. Filosa
| Workers Compensation Court
| 7th
|
| 1998
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 8
| Carol “Gene” Prigmore
| Workers Compensation Court
| 8th
|
| 1998
| 2000
| Reappointed
|- style="text-align:center"
| 9
| Susan W. Conyers
| Workers Compensation Court
| 4th
|
| 2000
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 10
| Jerry L. Salyer
| Workers Compensation Court
| 5th
|
| 2000
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 11
| Carol “Gene” Prigmore
| Workers Compensation Court
| 8th
|
| 2000
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 12
| Cherri Farrar
| Workers Compensation Court
| 9th
|
| 2000
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 13
| Ellen C. Edwards
| Workers Compensation Court
| 1st
|
| 2002
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 14
| Richard L. Blanchard
| Workers Compensation Court
| 2nd
|
| 2002
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 15
| Richard G. Mason
| Workers Compensation Court
| 3rd
|
| 2002
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 16
| Kenton W. Fulton
| Workers Compensation Court
| 10th
|
| 2002
|
|
|}

==2000 presidential election==
During the [[2000 United States presidential election|2000 presidential election]], Keating, while still Governor of Oklahoma, was considered a potential candidate for the Republican nomination of [[Vice President of the United States]] under [[George W. Bush]].

==Post-governorship==
[[File:Borenkeating.jpg|thumb|right|Keating with [[Dan Boren]] in 2006]]
[[File:Frank Keating (22047656529).jpg|thumb|right|Keating in 2015]]
In 2002 he authored a children's book about Oklahoma humorist [[Will Rogers]]. Another children's book about [[Theodore Roosevelt]] followed in 2006. Keating's third children's book about the trial of [[Standing Bear]] was published in 2008. His most recent children's book about [[George Washington]] was published in 2012. Keating also served on the boards of the [[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]], the [[Jamestown Foundation]], the [[Federal City Council]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Local Briefing|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=October 31, 2005|page=D2}}</ref> and [[Mount Vernon (plantation)|Mt. Vernon]]. He was president of the Federal City Council and chairman of the Mount Vernon Advisory Board. He currently lives in [[McLean, Virginia]]

Keating and his wife Cathy are the parents of three children, Carrie, Kelly, and [[Chip Keating|Chip]]. In 2001, [[Cathy Keating]] was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination to one of Oklahoma's seats in the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] being vacated by [[Steve Largent]]. In 2006, [[Chip Keating]] was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination to a seat in the Oklahoma House of Representatives.

On December 2, 2006, columnist [[Robert Novak]] suggested Keating might be a candidate for the 2008 [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] presidential nomination.<ref>Novak, Robert. [http://townhall.com/columnists/robertnovak/2006/12/02/hamstringing_bush Hamstringing Bush] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003110/http://townhall.com/columnists/robertnovak/2006/12/02/hamstringing_bush |date=March 4, 2016 }} (accessed April 5, 2013).</ref>

On December 20, 2006, Keating visited [[Columbia, South Carolina]], where he spoke to a group of GOP supporters about a possible 2008 Presidential bid.<ref>[http://www.wistv.com/Global/story.asp?S=5842733&page Keating visits South Carolina while mulling presidential run] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609144839/http://www.wistv.com/Global/story.asp?S=5842733&page |date=June 9, 2011 }}, WISTV.com (accessed April 6, 2013).</ref> On January 17, 2007, Keating was quoted in the ''[[Tulsa World]]'' as declining a possible run for the U.S. presidency in 2008.<ref>[http://www.tulsaworld.com/NewsStory.asp?ID=070117_Ne_A9_Keati38276 Tulsaworld.com]</ref> His reasons for not running were associated with the relative head starts in preparations of U.S. Senator [[John McCain]] and former [[Massachusetts]] Governor [[Mitt Romney]]. In February 2007 Keating appeared in [[Spartanburg, South Carolina]] and endorsed McCain's bid.<ref>Novak, Robert. [http://www.townhall.com/columnists/column.aspx?UrlTitle=bills_displeasure&ns=RobertDNovak&dt=02/24/2007&page=2 Bill's Displeasure: McCain's New Backer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220034404/http://www.townhall.com/columnists/column.aspx?UrlTitle=bills_displeasure&ns=RobertDNovak&dt=02%2F24%2F2007&page=2 |date=February 20, 2008 }} Townhall.com (accessed April 5, 2013).</ref>

Following his two terms as governor, Keating accepted a position as president and chief executive officer of the [[American Council of Life Insurers]], the trade association for the [[life insurance]] and retirement security industry. Keating's former Secretary of State, [[Michael J. Hunter]], served alongside his former boss at [[American Council of Life Insurers|ACLI]] where Hunter served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer.

On January 1, 2011, Keating became president and CEO of the [[American Bankers Association]].<ref>Phil Mattingly, Former Oklahoma Governor Keating to Head Banking Trade Group, Bloomberg, November 23, 2010.</ref> Founded in 1875, the American Bankers Association represents banks of all sizes and charters and is the voice for the nation's $14 trillion banking industry and its 2 million employees.

Keating served as a member of the Debt Reduction Task Force and Housing Commission at the [[Bipartisan Policy Center]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bipartisanpolicy.org/debt-reduction-task-force-members |title=Debt Reduction Task Force Members |access-date=November 13, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213033551/http://bipartisanpolicy.org/debt-reduction-task-force-members |archive-date=December 13, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=Housing Commission Members - Bipartisan Policy Center | website=bipartisanpolicy.org | url=http://bipartisanpolicy.org/projects/housing/members | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130428233139/http://bipartisanpolicy.org/projects/housing/members | archive-date=2013-04-28 | url-status=dead | access-date=2019-10-14}}</ref>

Amid the immigration debate of 2013, Keating wrote an op-ed in which he announced support for the [[Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013|bipartisan Senate comprehensive immigration reform bill]], arguing among other things that the bill's passage would shore up the future solvency of Social Security and Medicare.<ref>Frank Keating, [https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-keating-gop-immigration-reform-20131111-story.html What would Reagan do?], ''Los Angeles Times'' (November 11, 2013).</ref>

On February 4, 2016, Keating joined the law firm of [[Holland & Knight]] as a partner.<ref>{{cite web| last=Wilson | first=Megan R. | title=Former head of Bankers Association to Holland & Knight | website=TheHill | date=2016-02-04 | url=https://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/business-a-lobbying/268251-former-head-of-bankers-association-to-holland-knight | access-date=2019-10-14}}</ref>

On March 14, 2017, Keating was nominated by Oklahoma Governor [[Mary Fallin]] to serve on the [[University of Oklahoma]] Board of Regents.<ref>{{cite web| title=Former Gov. Keating named to University of Oklahoma Board of Regents | website=Oklahoman.com | date=2017-03-14 | url=https://oklahoman.com/article/5541593/former-gov-keating-named-to-university-of-oklahoma-board-of-regents/ | access-date=2019-10-14}}</ref>

In April 2017, Keating created a one-minute video regretting his support for wind energy while Oklahoma governor. "We made a mistake...this is a calamity for taxpayers".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vimeo.com/214526676|title=Frank Keating "Big Mistake" 60 Sec. Ad}}</ref>

== Events ==
* April 19, 1995: Three months after he was sworn in as Oklahoma governor, a [[fertilizer bomb]] exploded in front of a [[Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building|federal building]] in the capital killing 168 people. {{further|Oklahoma City bombing}}
* June 2002: Keating, a practicing [[Roman Catholic]], was named chairman of the [[U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops]] National Review Board examining [[sex abuse]] by [[Catholic priests]].
** June 16, 2003: Keating stepped down from the Review Board. The resignation came days after [[Los Angeles]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] [[Roger Mahony]] criticized Keating for comparing some church leaders to [[Sicilian Mafia|the Mafia]]. In his resignation letter, Keating said, "My remarks, which some Bishops found offensive, were deadly accurate. I make no apology.... To resist Grand Jury subpoenas, to suppress the names of offending clerics, to deny, to obfuscate, to explain away; that is the model of a criminal organization, not my church."
* Supported disbarred Oklahoma attorney William C. Donovan who was disbarred for financial crimes of embezzlement and conversion and openly retaliated against innocent Christian families. https://www.leagle.com/decision/19971259934p2d32511256

==See also==
* [[George H. W. Bush judicial appointment controversies]]
* [[Keating v. Edmondson]]
* [[47th Oklahoma Legislature]]
* [[48th Oklahoma Legislature]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Frank Keating}}
* [http://www.acli.com/ American Council of Life Insurers Website]
* {{C-SPAN|38542}}
*[http://www.voicesofoklahoma.com/interview/keating-frank/ Voices of Oklahoma interview with Frank Keating.] First person interview conducted on April 20, 2013, with Frank Keating.

{{s-start}}
{{s-legal}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Stephen S. Trott|Stephen Trott]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[United States Associate Attorney General]]|years=1988–1990}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Wayne Budd]]}}
|-
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=Bill Price}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee for [[Governor of Oklahoma]]|years=[[1994 Oklahoma gubernatorial election|1994]], [[1998 Oklahoma gubernatorial election|1998]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Steve Largent]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[David Beasley]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the [[Republican Governors Association]]|years=1998–1999}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ed Schafer]]}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[David Walters]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Governor of Oklahoma]]|years=1995–2003}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Brad Henry]]}}
|-
{{s-prec|usa}}
{{s-bef|before=[[David Walters]]|as=Former Governor}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[United States order of precedence|Order of precedence of the United States]]|years=}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Brad Henry]]|as=Former Governor}}
{{s-end}}

{{Governors of Oklahoma}}
{{Frank Keating cabinet}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Keating, Frank}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:American Bankers Association]]
[[Category:Federal Bureau of Investigation agents]]
[[Category:Georgetown University alumni]]
[[Category:Republican Party governors of Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Republican Party members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Oklahoma lawyers]]
[[Category:Republican Party Oklahoma state senators]]
[[Category:Politicians from St. Louis]]
[[Category:Politicians from Tulsa, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic activists]]
[[Category:United States associate attorneys general]]
[[Category:United States Attorneys for the Northern District of Oklahoma]]
[[Category:United States deputy secretaries of housing and urban development]]
[[Category:University of Oklahoma College of Law alumni]]
[[Category:Holland & Knight partners]]
[[Category:Catholics from Missouri]]
[[Category:Catholic politicians from Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Philodemic Society members]]
[[Category:Cascia Hall Preparatory School alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives]]
[[Category:21st-century Oklahoma politicians]]

Talk:"Yo mama" joke

2024-11-08T21:46:59Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 2A02:1406:41:7A00:0:0:1651:6F2D (talk) to last version by Oshwah

{{Talk header}}
{{WikiProject banner shell|class=Start|
{{WikiProject Comedy|importance=mid}}
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{{old move|date=2 February 2023|destination=Maternal insult|result=not moved|link=Special:Permalink/1139944949#Requested move 2 February 2023}}
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{{old move|date=18 February 2024|destination="Your mom" joke|result=Withdrawn|link=Special:Permalink/1209452464#Requested move 18 February 2024}}

== YOUR MAMA ==

What does YOU MAMA mean? [[Special:Contributions/2600:E008:56:7898:40A8:F39E:3BBA:6CCB|2600:E008:56:7898:40A8:F39E:3BBA:6CCB]] ([[User talk:2600:E008:56:7898:40A8:F39E:3BBA:6CCB|talk]]) 00:09, 28 June 2024 (UTC)

== The late 20th century schoolyard "humor." ==

The specifically relevant modern cultural phenomenon of the joke rising in popularity was largely centered around the culture of elementary school students of the United States of Big Fat Sexy America between 1991-1994.
Provoked it would seem by the hit song by LL Cool J in 1990, "Mama said knock you out."

It was a common threat in the early 90's that one would be met with violence if their disrespectful comments were to take aim at one's mother.

The "diarrhea cha cha cha rhyme" pretty much went hand in hand. [[User:IntellectualPhilanthropist|IntellectualPhilanthropist]] ([[User talk:IntellectualPhilanthropist|talk]]) 09:32, 6 July 2024 (UTC)

== Semi-protected edit request on 24 July 2024 ==

{{Edit semi-protected|"Yo mama" joke|answered=yes}}
Remove “Fuck yourself.”
“I'm tired from fuckin' your wife.”
“How's your mother?”
“Good, she's tired from fuckin' my father.”[4] its inapropriate [[User:Texpen|Texpen]] ([[User talk:Texpen|talk]]) 21:08, 24 July 2024 (UTC)
:[[File:Red information icon with gradient background.svg|20px|link=|alt=]] '''Not done:''' [[WP:NOTCENSORED]] [[User:Jamedeus|Jamedeus]] ([[User talk:Jamedeus|talk]]) 21:31, 24 July 2024 (UTC)
== "[[:Brody Foxx]]" listed at [[Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion|Redirects for discussion]] ==
[[File:Information.svg|30px]]
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brody_Foxx&redirect=no Brody Foxx] has been listed at [[Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion|redirects for discussion]] to determine whether its use and function meets the [[Wikipedia:Redirect|redirect guidelines]]. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at '''{{slink|Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2024 September 5#Brody Foxx}}''' until a consensus is reached.  [[User:PARAKANYAA|PARAKANYAA]] ([[User talk:PARAKANYAA|talk]]) 20:51, 5 September 2024 (UTC)

== Semi-protected edit request on 30 October 2024 ==

{{edit semi-protected|"Yo mama" joke|answered=yes}}
The information on the page is wrong, it started a a tick tock trend joke that is now a world wide thing fix your information. '''[REDACTED - Oshwah]''' 00:22, 30 October 2024 (UTC)
:[[File:Red question icon with gradient background.svg|20px|link=|alt=]] '''Not done''': it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a [[WP:EDITXY|"change X to Y" format]] and provide a [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|reliable source]] if appropriate. [[User:Myrealnamm|Myrealnamm]] <big>([[User talk:Myrealnamm|💬pros]]</big> · [[Special:Contributions/Myrealnamm|📜cons]]) 00:54, 30 October 2024 (UTC)

Kais

2024-11-07T17:48:14Z

Tegel: Reverted edits by 46.239.0.135 (talk) to last version by 87.21.194.77

'''Kais''' or '''KAIS''' may refer to:
{{TOC right}}
==Places==
*[[Kais, Khenchela]], a town in Algeria
**[[Kaïs District]]
*[[Kai Islands]], an island group in Indonesia

==People==
* [[Angela Kais]] (born 1980), Malaysian former footballer
* [[Kaarel Kais]] (born 1974), Estonian volleyball player
* [[Kristjan Kais]] (born 1976), Estonian beach volleyball player
* [[Kais Nashef]] (born 1978), Palestinian and German actor
* [[Kais Saied]] (born 1958), president of Tunisia
* [[Kais Yâakoubi]] (born 1966), Tunisian former footballer

== Other uses ==
*[[Kais language]]
* [[KAIS International School]]
* [[KYKL (FM)]], a radio station (90.7 FM) licensed to serve Tracy, California, United States, which held the call sign KAIS from 2010 to 2016
* [[KAKI (FM)]], a radio station (88.1 FM) licensed to serve Juneau, Alaska, United States, which held the call sign KAIS from 2008 to 2010

==See also==
*[[Kai (disambiguation)]]

{{dab|geo|surname|callsign}}
[[Category:Arabic-language masculine given names]]
[[Category:Masculine given names]]
[[Category:Estonian-language surnames]]

Category:Process (computing)

2024-11-04T16:30:00Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 46.239.6.216 (talk) to last version by Allforrous

{{Commons}}
{{Cat main}}

[[Category:Operating system technology]]
[[Category:Concurrent computing]]

Talk:Central Thailand

2024-10-29T06:38:10Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 2A00:801:572:DC31:E0B7:D2C5:9A2D:3F64 (talk) to last version by Paul 012

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{{WikiProject Southeast Asia}}
{{WikiProject Thailand|importance=High}}
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==Region definition==
The inclusion of provinces discussed in the article in its current form is a reflection of the four-region system previously used by the Ministry of Interior. The ministry has abandoned this system, though, and to reflect common geographical usage the provinces here should be split into the central, western and eastern regions instead. --[[User:Paul_012|Paul_012]] ([[User talk:Paul_012|talk]]) 12:08, 19 April 2008 (UTC)

Space exploration

2024-10-22T05:34:41Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 132.147.97.25 (talk) to last version by Sangsangaplaz

{{Short description|Exploration of space, planets, and moons}}
{{Redirect|Space Exploration|the company |SpaceX}}
{{hatnote group|
{{Broader|Exploration}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2016}}

[[File:AS11-40-5964 (21037459754).jpg|thumb|[[Buzz Aldrin]] taking a [[core sample]] of the [[Moon]] during the [[Apollo 11]] mission]]
[[File:PIA16239 High-Resolution Self-Portrait by Curiosity Rover Arm Camera square.jpg|thumb|Self-portrait of [[Curiosity (rover)|''Curiosity'' rover]] on [[Mars]]'s surface]]
{{Spaceflight sidebar}}

'''Space exploration''' is the use of [[astronomy]] and [[space technology]] to explore [[outer space]].<ref>
{{cite web | url = http://adc.gsfc.nasa.gov/adc/education/space_ex/exploration.html | title = How Space is Explored | publisher = NASA | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090702153058/http://adc.gsfc.nasa.gov/adc/education/space_ex/exploration.html | archive-date = 2009-07-02 }}</ref> While the exploration of space is currently carried out mainly by [[astronomer]]s with [[telescope]]s, its physical exploration is conducted both by [[robotic spacecraft|uncrewed robotic space probes]] and [[human spaceflight]]. Space exploration, like its classical form [[astronomy]], is one of the main sources for [[space science]].

While the observation of objects in space, known as [[astronomy]], predates reliable [[recorded history]], it was the development of large and relatively efficient [[rocket]]s during the mid-twentieth century that allowed physical space exploration to become a reality. Common rationales for exploring space include advancing scientific research, national prestige, uniting different nations, ensuring the future survival of humanity, and developing military and strategic advantages against other countries.<ref name="NYT-20150828">{{cite news |last=Roston |first=Michael |title=NASA's Next Horizon in Space |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/08/25/science/space/nasa-next-mission.html |date=28 August 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=28 August 2015 }}</ref>

The early era of space exploration was driven by a "[[Space Race]]" between the [[Soviet Union]] and the [[United States]]. A driving force of the start of space exploration was during the Cold War. After the ability to create nuclear weapons, the narrative of defense/offense left land and the power to control the air the focus. Both the Soviet Union and the U.S. were racing to prove their superiority in technology through exploring space. In fact, the reason NASA was created was as a response to Sputnik I.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NASA Created |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/nasa-created |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=HISTORY |language=en}}</ref>

The launch of the first human-made object to orbit [[Earth]], the Soviet Union's [[Sputnik 1]], on 4 October 1957, and the first [[Moon landing]] by the American [[Apollo 11]] mission on 20 July 1969 are often taken as landmarks for this initial period. The Soviet space program achieved many of the first milestones, including the first living being in orbit in 1957, the first [[human spaceflight]] ([[Yuri Gagarin]] aboard ''[[Vostok 1]]'') in 1961, the first [[spacewalk]] (by [[Alexei Leonov]]) on 18 March 1965, the [[Luna 9|first automatic landing]] on another celestial body in 1966, and the launch of the first [[space station]] (''[[Salyut 1]]'') in 1971. After the first 20 years of exploration, focus shifted from one-off flights to renewable hardware, such as the [[Space Shuttle program]], and from competition to cooperation as with the [[International Space Station]] (ISS).

With the substantial completion of the ISS<ref name="space-11078">{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/11078-space-station-complete.html |title=After 13 Years, International Space Station Has All Its NASA Rooms |first=Denise |last=Chow |work=Space.com |date=9 March 2011 }}</ref> following [[STS-133]] in March 2011, plans for space exploration by the U.S. remained in flux. The [[Constellation program|Constellation]] program aiming for a return to the Moon by 2020<ref name="nasa-163092">{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/163092main_constellation_program_overview.pdf |title=Constellation Program Overview |last=Connolly |first=John F. |date=October 2006 |publisher=Constellation Program Office |access-date=6 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710060512/http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/163092main_constellation_program_overview.pdf |archive-date=10 July 2007 }}</ref> was judged unrealistic by [[Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee|an expert review panel]] reporting in 2009.<ref name="sm-200910">{{cite web|url=http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2009/10/no-nasa-augusti.html |title=No to NASA: Augustine Commission Wants to More Boldly Go |publisher=Science |first=Andrew |last=Lawler |date=22 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513130114/http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2009/10/no-nasa-augusti.html |archive-date=13 May 2013 }}</ref> Constellation ultimately was replaced with the [[Artemis program|Artemis Program]], of which the [[Artemis 1|first mission occurred in 2022]], with a planned crewed landing to occur with [[Artemis III]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-26 |title="What We Need Now is Urgency": Looking Back at Artemis After 5 Years |url=https://www.americaspace.com/2024/03/26/what-we-need-now-is-urgency-looking-back-at-artemis-after-5-years/ |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=www.americaspace.com |language=en-US}}</ref> The rise of the [[Private spaceflight|private space industry]] also began in earnest in the 2010s with the development of private launch vehicles, space capsules and satellite manufacturing.

In the 2000s, [[China]] initiated a [[Chinese space program|successful crewed spaceflight program]] while [[India]] launched the [[Chandrayaan programme]], while the [[European Union]] and [[Japan]] have also planned future crewed space missions. The two primary global programs gaining traction in the 2020s are the Chinese-led [[International Lunar Research Station]] and the US-led Artemis Program, with its plan to build the [[Lunar Gateway]] and the [[Artemis program#Planned surface operations|Artemis Base Camp]], each having its own set of international partners.

==History of exploration{{anchor|History|History_of_exploration_in_the_20th_century}}==
{{See also|History of astronomy|Discovery and exploration of the Solar System|Timeline of space exploration|Timeline of first orbital launches by country|Outer space#Discovery}}
[[File:Fusée V2.jpg|thumb|[[V-2 Rocket]] in the Peenemünde Museum]]

===First telescopes===
The first [[telescope]] is said to have been invented in 1608 in the [[Netherlands]] by an [[eyeglass]] maker named [[Hans Lippershey]], but their first recorded use in astronomy was by [[Galileo Galilei]] in 1609.<ref>{{cite book |author=King, C. C.|date=2003|title=The History of the Telescope|publisher=Dover Publications|pages=30–32|isbn=978-0-486-43265-6}}</ref> In 1668 [[Isaac Newton]] built [[Newton's reflector|his own]] [[reflecting telescope]], the first fully functional telescope of this kind, and a landmark for future developments due to its superior features over the previous [[Refracting telescope#Galilean telescope|Galilean telescope]].<ref name="books.google.com">{{cite book|author=A. Rupert Hall|title=Isaac Newton: Adventurer in Thought|url=https://archive.org/details/isaacnewtonadven0000hall|url-access=registration|year=1996|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-56669-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/isaacnewtonadven0000hall/page/67 67]}}</ref>

A string of [[Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons|discoveries in the Solar System]] (and beyond) followed, then and in the [[Scientific Revolution|next centuries]]: the [[Lunar craters|mountains of the Moon]], the [[phases of Venus]], [[Galilean Moons|the main satellites]] of [[satellites of Jupiter|Jupiter]] and [[Satellites of Saturn|Saturn]], the [[Saturn's rings|rings of Saturn]], many [[comet]]s, the [[asteroid]]s, the new planets [[Uranus]] and [[Neptune]], and many more [[List of natural satellites|satellites]].

The [[Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2]] was the first [[space telescope]] launched 1968,<ref name=joseph>{{cite book|first=Joseph A.|last=Angelo|title=Spacecraft for Astronomy |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=y8BMepjeciEC&pg=PA20|year=2014|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-0896-4|page=20}}</ref> but the launching of [[Hubble Space Telescope]] in 1990<ref>{{cite web |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-31/mission-sts-31.html |title=STS-31 |publisher=NASA |access-date=April 26, 2008 |archive-date= August 15, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110815191242/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-31/mission-sts-31.html |url-status=live }}</ref> set a milestone. As of 1 December 2022, there were 5,284 confirmed [[Lists of exoplanets|exoplanets]] discovered. The [[Milky Way]] is estimated to contain 100–400 billion [[star]]s<ref>{{cite web |url= http://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/blueshift/index.php/2015/07/22/how-many-stars-in-the-milky-way/ |title=How Many Stars in the Milky Way? |work=NASA Blueshift |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160125140109/http://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/blueshift/index.php/2015/07/22/how-many-stars-in-the-milky-way/ |archive-date=25 January 2016 }}</ref> and more than 100 billion [[planets]].<ref name="Space-20130102">{{cite news |author=|title=100 Billion Alien Planets Fill Our Milky Way Galaxy: Study |url=http://www.space.com/19103-milky-way-100-billion-planets.html |date=2 January 2013 |work=[[Space.com]] |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103060601/http://www.space.com/19103-milky-way-100-billion-planets.html |archive-date=3 January 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> There are at least 2 trillion [[galaxy|galaxies]] in the [[observable universe]].<ref name="Conselice">{{cite journal |title= The Evolution of Galaxy Number Density at ''z'' < 8 and Its Implications |first=Christopher J. |last=Conselice |display-authors=etal |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume= 830 |issue=2 |year=2016 |arxiv=1607.03909v2 |bibcode= 2016ApJ...830...83C |doi=10.3847/0004-637X/830/2/83 |page=83|s2cid=17424588 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20161017">{{cite news |last=Fountain |first=Henry |title=Two Trillion Galaxies, at the Very Least |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/18/science/two-trillion-galaxies-at-the-very-least.html |date=17 October 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=17 October 2016 }}</ref> [[HD1]] is the [[List of the most distant astronomical objects|most distant]] known object from Earth, reported as 33.4 billion [[light-year]]s away.<ref name="ALMA-20220407">{{cite news |last1=Lira |first1=Nicolás |last2=Iono |first2=Daisuke |last3=Oliver |first3=Amy C. |last4=Ferreira |first4=Bárbara |date=7 April 2022 |title=Astronomers Detect Most Distant Galaxy Candidate Yet |url=https://www.almaobservatory.org/en/press-releases/astronomers-detect-most-distant-galaxy-candidate-yet/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717040741/https://www.almaobservatory.org/en/press-releases/astronomers-detect-most-distant-galaxy-candidate-yet/ |archive-date=17 July 2022 |accessdate=8 April 2022 |work=[[Atacama Large Millimeter Array]]}}</ref><ref name="ARX-20220212">{{cite journal |author=Harikane, Yuichi |display-authors=et al. |title=A Search for H-Dropout Lyman Break Galaxies at z ∼ 12–16 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |arxiv=2112.09141 |date=2 February 2022 |volume=929 |issue= 1 |page=1 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ac53a9 |bibcode=2022ApJ...929....1H |s2cid=246823511 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="NS-20220407">{{cite news |last=Crane |first=Leah |title= Astronomers have found what may be the most distant galaxy ever seen – A galaxy called HD1 appears to be about 33.4 billion light years away, making it the most distant object ever seen – and its extreme brightness is puzzling researchers |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2315330-astronomers-have-found-what-may-be-the-most-distant-galaxy-ever-seen/ |date=7 April 2022 |work=[[New Scientist]] |accessdate=8 April 2022 }}</ref><ref name="MN-20220407">{{cite journal |author=Pacucci, Fabio |display-authors=et al. |title=Are the newly-discovered z ∼ 13 drop-out sources starburst galaxies or quasars? |date=7 April 2022 |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |volume=514 |pages=L6–L10 |doi=10.1093/mnrasl/slac035 |doi-access=free |arxiv=2201.00823 }}</ref><ref name="AST-20220407">{{cite news |last=Buongiorno |first=Caitlyn |title=Astronomers discover the most distant galaxy yet - Unusually bright in ultraviolet light, HD1 may also set another cosmic record. |url=https://astronomy.com/news/2022/04/researchers-discover-the-most-distant-galaxy-yet |date=7 April 2022 |work=[[Astronomy (magazine)|Astronomy]] |accessdate=7 April 2022 }}</ref><ref name="INV-20220407">{{cite news |last=Wenz |first=John |title=Behold! Astronomers May Have Discovered The Most Distant Galaxy Ever – HD1 could be from just 300 million years after the Big Bang. |url=https://www.inverse.com/science/most-distant-galaxy-discovery |date=7 April 2022 |work=[[Inverse (website)|Inverse]] |accessdate=7 April 2022 }}</ref>

===First outer space flights===
[[File:Vostok spacecraft.jpg|thumb|Model of Vostok spacecraft]]
[[File:Apollo CSM lunar orbit.jpg|thumb|Apollo Command Service Module in lunar orbit]]

[[MW 18014]] was a German [[V-2 rocket]] test launch that took place on 20 June 1944, at the [[Peenemünde Army Research Center]] in [[Peenemünde]]. It was the first human-made object to reach [[outer space]], attaining an [[apogee]] of 176 kilometers,<ref name="psv">{{cite journal |author=Milazzo |first=M. P. |author2=Kestay |first2=L. |author3=Dundas |first3=C. |author4=U.S. Geological Survey |year=2017 |title=The Challenge for 2050: Cohesive Analysis of More Than One Hundred Years of Planetary Data |url=https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/V2050/pdf/8070.pdf |journal=Planetary Science Vision 2050 Workshop |publisher=Planetary Science Division, NASA |volume=1989 |pages=8070 |bibcode=2017LPICo1989.8070M |accessdate=2019-06-07}}</ref> which is well above the [[Kármán line]].<ref name="Karman line">{{cite web | url=http://www.universetoday.com/25410/how-far-is-space/ | title=How high is space? | website=[[Universe Today]] | last=Williams | first=Matt | date=2016-09-16 | accessdate=2017-05-14 | url-status=live | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602105939/https://www.universetoday.com/25410/how-far-is-space/ | archivedate=2017-06-02 }}</ref> It was a vertical test launch. Although the rocket reached space, it did not reach [[orbital speed|orbital velocity]], and therefore returned to Earth in an impact, becoming the first [[sub-orbital spaceflight]].<ref>{{cite web |title=V-2 rocket (MW 18014) became the first human-made object in space on June 20, 1944 |url=https://ourplnt.com/v-2-rocket-mw-18014-first-human-made-object-in-space/ |website=Our Planet |date=20 June 2022 |access-date=11 July 2022}}</ref>

===First object in orbit===
The first successful orbital launch was of the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] uncrewed ''[[Sputnik 1]]'' ("Satellite 1") mission on 4 October 1957. The satellite weighed about {{convert|83|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, and is believed to have orbited Earth at a height of about {{convert|250|km|mi|abbr=on}}. It had two radio transmitters (20 and 40 MHz), which emitted "beeps" that could be heard by radios around the globe. Analysis of the radio signals was used to gather information about the electron density of the ionosphere, while temperature and pressure data was encoded in the duration of radio beeps. The results indicated that the satellite was not punctured by a [[meteoroid]]. ''Sputnik 1'' was launched by an [[R-7 Semyorka|R-7]] rocket. It burned up upon re-entry on 3 January 1958.

===First human outer space flight===
The first successful human spaceflight was ''[[Vostok 1]]'' ("East 1"), carrying the 27-year-old Russian [[cosmonaut]], [[Yuri Gagarin]], on 12 April 1961. The spacecraft completed one orbit around the globe, lasting about 1 hour and 48 minutes. Gagarin's flight resonated around the world; it was a demonstration of the advanced [[Soviet space program]] and it opened an entirely new era in space exploration: [[human spaceflight]].

=== First astronomical body space explorations ===
The first artificial object to reach another celestial body was [[Luna 2]] reaching the [[Moon]] in 1959.<ref name="jpl-luna2">{{cite web|url=http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Target&Target=Moon&MCode=Luna_02 |title=NASA on Luna 2 mission |publisher=Sse.jpl.nasa.gov |access-date=24 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331155310/http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Target&Target=Moon&MCode=Luna_02 |archive-date=31 March 2012 }}</ref> The first [[Soft landing (aeronautics)|soft landing]] on another celestial body was performed by [[Luna 9]] landing on the Moon on 3 February 1966.<ref name="jpl.luna9">{{cite web|url=http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Target&Target=Moon&MCode=Luna_09 |title=NASA on Luna 9 mission |publisher=Sse.jpl.nasa.gov |access-date=24 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331155324/http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Target&Target=Moon&MCode=Luna_09 |archive-date=31 March 2012 }}</ref> [[Luna 10]] became the first artificial satellite of the Moon, entering in a lunar orbit on 3 April 1966.<ref name="jpl-luna10">{{cite web|url=http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Target&Target=Moon&MCode=Luna_10 |title=NASA on Luna 10 mission |publisher=Sse.jpl.nasa.gov |access-date=24 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218232128/http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Target&Target=Moon&MCode=Luna_10 |archive-date=18 February 2012 }}</ref>

The first crewed landing on another celestial body was performed by [[Apollo 11]] on 20 July 1969, landing on the Moon. There have been a total of six spacecraft with humans [[Moon landing|landing on the Moon]] starting from 1969 to the last human landing in 1972.

The first interplanetary [[Flyby (spaceflight)|flyby]] was the 1961 [[Venera 1]] flyby of [[Venus]], though the 1962 [[Mariner 2]] was the first flyby of [[Venus]] to return data (closest approach 34,773 kilometers). [[Pioneer 6, 7, 8, and 9|Pioneer 6]] was the first satellite to orbit the [[Sun]], launched on 16 December 1965. The other planets were first flown by in 1965 for [[Mars]] by [[Mariner 4]], 1973 for [[Jupiter]] by ''[[Pioneer 10]]'', 1974 for [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] by [[Mariner 10]], 1979 for [[Saturn]] by ''[[Pioneer 11]]'', 1986 for [[Uranus]] by ''[[Voyager 2]]'', 1989 for [[Neptune]] by ''[[Voyager 2]]''. In 2015, the [[dwarf planet]]s [[Ceres (dwarf planet)|Ceres]] and [[Pluto]] were orbited by ''[[Dawn (spacecraft)|Dawn]]'' and passed by ''[[New Horizons]]'', respectively. This accounts for flybys of each of the eight planets in the [[Solar System]], the [[Sun]], the [[Moon]], and [[Ceres (dwarf planet)|Ceres]] and [[Pluto]] (two of the five [[Dwarf planet#Recognized|recognized dwarf planets]]).

The first interplanetary surface mission to return at least limited surface data from another planet was the 1970 landing of [[Venera 7]], which returned data to Earth for 23 minutes from [[Venus]]. In 1975, [[Venera 9]] was the first to return images from the surface of another planet, returning images from Venus. In 1971, the [[Mars 3]] mission achieved the first soft landing on Mars returning data for almost 20 seconds. Later, much longer duration surface missions were achieved, including over six years of Mars surface operation by [[Viking 1]] from 1975 to 1982 and over two hours of transmission from the surface of Venus by [[Venera 13]] in 1982, the longest ever Soviet planetary surface mission. Venus and Mars are the two planets outside of Earth on which humans have conducted surface missions with uncrewed [[robotic spacecraft]].

=== First space station ===
[[Salyut 1]] was the first [[space station]] of any kind, launched into [[low Earth orbit]] by the [[Soviet Union]] on 19 April 1971. The [[International Space Station]] (ISS) is currently the largest and oldest of the 2 current fully functional space stations, inhabited continuously since the year 2000. The other, Tiangong space station built by China, is now fully crewed and operational.

===First interstellar space flight===
''[[Voyager 1]]'' became the first human-made object to [[List of artificial objects leaving the Solar System|leave the Solar System]] into [[Outer space#Interstellar space|interstellar space]] on 25 August 2012. The probe passed the [[Heliopause (astronomy)|heliopause]] at 121 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] to enter [[Interstellar medium|interstellar space]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Voyager 1 finally crosses into interstellar space |first=William |last=Harwood |work=[[CBS News]] |date=12 September 2013 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/voyager-1-finally-crosses-into-interstellar-space/ |access-date=1 February 2019 |archive-date=13 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113201639/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-205_162-57602736/voyager-1-finally-crosses-into-interstellar-space/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Farthest from Earth===
The [[Apollo 13]] flight passed the [[far side of the Moon]] at an altitude of {{convert|254|km|mi nmi|sp=us|abbr=off}} above the lunar surface, and 400,171 km (248,655 mi) from Earth, marking the [[List of spaceflight records|record]] for the farthest humans have ever traveled from Earth in 1970.

{{As of|2022|11|26}} ''[[Voyager 1]]'' was at a distance of {{convert|159|AU|e9km e9mi|abbr=unit}} from Earth.<ref name="voyager">{{cite web | url=https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/status/ | title=Voyager – Mission Status | work=[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] | publisher=[[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] | access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref> It is the most distant human-made object from Earth.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/solarsystem/space_missions/voyager_1 |title=Voyager 1 |work=[[BBC]] Solar System |access-date=4 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203195855/http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/solarsystem/space_missions/voyager_1 |archive-date=3 February 2018 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

==Targets of exploration==
Starting in the mid-20th century probes and then human missions were sent into Earth orbit, and then on to the Moon. Also, probes were sent throughout the known Solar System, and into Solar orbit. Uncrewed spacecraft have been sent into orbit around Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, and Mercury by the 21st century, and the most distance active spacecraft, ''Voyager 1'' and ''2'' traveled beyond 100 times the Earth-Sun distance. The instruments were enough though that it is thought they have left the Sun's heliosphere, a sort of bubble of particles made in the Galaxy by the Sun's [[solar wind]].

===The Sun===
The [[Sun]] is a major focus of space exploration. Being above the atmosphere in particular and Earth's magnetic field gives access to the solar wind and infrared and ultraviolet radiations that cannot reach Earth's surface. The Sun generates most [[space weather]], which can affect power generation and transmission systems on Earth and interfere with, and even damage, satellites and space probes. Numerous spacecraft dedicated to observing the Sun, beginning with the [[Apollo Telescope Mount]], have been launched and still others have had solar observation as a secondary objective. [[Parker Solar Probe]], launched in 2018, will approach the Sun to within 1/9th the orbit of Mercury.

===Mercury===
{{main|Exploration of Mercury}}
[[File:MESSENGER EN0108828359M.png|thumb|A ''MESSENGER'' image from 18,000 km showing a region about 500 km across (2008)]]
[[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] remains the least explored of the [[Terrestrial planets]]. As of May 2013, the [[Mariner 10]] and ''[[MESSENGER]]'' missions have been the only missions that have made close observations of Mercury. ''MESSENGER'' entered orbit around Mercury in March 2011, to further investigate the observations made by Mariner 10 in 1975 (Munsell, 2006b). A third mission to Mercury, scheduled to arrive in 2025, [[BepiColombo]] is to include two [[space probe|probes]]. BepiColombo is a joint mission between Japan and the [[European Space Agency]]. ''MESSENGER'' and BepiColombo are intended to gather complementary data to help scientists understand many of the mysteries discovered by Mariner 10's [[Gravitational slingshot|flybys]].

Flights to other planets within the Solar System are accomplished at a cost in energy, which is described by the net change in velocity of the spacecraft, or [[delta-v]]. Due to the relatively high delta-v to reach Mercury and its proximity to the Sun, it is difficult to explore and orbits around it are rather unstable.

===Venus===
{{Main|Observations and explorations of Venus}}
[[Venus]] was the first target of interplanetary flyby and lander missions and, despite one of the most hostile surface environments in the Solar System, has had more landers sent to it (nearly all from the Soviet Union) than any other planet in the Solar System. The first flyby was the 1961 [[Venera 1]], though the 1962 [[Mariner 2]] was the first flyby to successfully return data. Mariner 2 has been followed by several other flybys by multiple space agencies often as part of missions using a Venus flyby to provide a [[Gravity assist|gravitational assist]] en route to other celestial bodies. In 1967, [[Venera 4]] became the first probe to enter and directly examine the atmosphere of Venus. In 1970, [[Venera 7]] became the first successful lander to reach the surface of Venus and by 1985 it had been followed by eight additional successful Soviet Venus landers which provided images and other direct surface data. Starting in 1975, with the Soviet orbiter [[Venera 9]], some ten successful orbiter missions have been sent to Venus, including later missions which were able to map the surface of Venus using [[radar]] to pierce the obscuring atmosphere.

===Earth===
{{Main|Earth observation satellite}}
[[File:TIROS-1-Earth.png|244x244px|thumb|First television image of Earth from space, taken by [[TIROS-1]] (1960)]]Space exploration has been used as a tool to understand Earth as a celestial object. Orbital missions can provide data for Earth that can be difficult or impossible to obtain from a purely ground-based point of reference.

For example, the existence of the [[Van Allen radiation belt]]s was unknown until their discovery by the United States' first artificial satellite, ''[[Explorer 1]]''. These belts contain radiation trapped by Earth's magnetic fields, which currently renders construction of habitable space stations above 1000 km impractical. Following this early unexpected discovery, a large number of Earth observation satellites have been deployed specifically to explore Earth from a space-based perspective. These satellites have significantly contributed to the understanding of a variety of Earth-based phenomena. For instance, the [[Ozone depletion|hole in the ozone layer]] was found by an artificial satellite that was exploring Earth's atmosphere, and satellites have allowed for the discovery of archeological sites or geological formations that were difficult or impossible to otherwise identify.

==== Moon ====
{{Main|Exploration of the Moon}}
[[File:Apollo 16 LM Orion.jpg|thumbnail|[[Apollo 16]] LEM Orion, the [[Lunar Roving Vehicle]] and astronaut [[John Young (astronaut)|John Young]] (1972)]]
The [[Moon]] was the first celestial body to be the object of space exploration. It holds the distinctions of being the first remote celestial object to be flown by, orbited, and landed upon by spacecraft, and the only remote celestial object ever to be visited by humans.

In 1959, the Soviets obtained the first images of the [[far side of the Moon]], never previously visible to humans. The U.S. exploration of the Moon began with the [[Ranger 4]] impactor in 1962. Starting in 1966, the Soviets successfully deployed a number of [[Lander (spacecraft)|landers]] to the Moon which were able to obtain data directly from the Moon's surface; just four months later, ''[[Surveyor 1]]'' marked the debut of a successful series of U.S. landers. The Soviet uncrewed missions culminated in the [[Lunokhod programme|Lunokhod program]] in the early 1970s, which included the first uncrewed rovers and also successfully [[Sample return mission|brought lunar soil samples to Earth]] for study. This marked the first (and to date the only) automated return of extraterrestrial soil samples to Earth. Uncrewed exploration of the Moon continues with various nations periodically deploying lunar orbiters. China's [[Chang'e 4]] in 2019 and [[Chang'e 6]] in 2024 achieved the world's first landing and sample return on the [[far side of the Moon]]. India's [[Chandrayaan-3]] in 2023 achieved the world's first landing on the [[lunar south pole]] region.

Crewed exploration of the Moon began in 1968 with the [[Apollo 8]] mission that successfully orbited the Moon, the first time any extraterrestrial object was orbited by humans. In 1969, the [[Apollo 11]] mission marked the first time humans set foot upon another world. Crewed exploration of the Moon did not continue for long. The [[Apollo 17]] mission in 1972 marked the sixth landing and the most recent human visit. [[Artemis II]] is scheduled to complete a crewed flyby of the Moon in 2025, and [[Artemis III]] will perform the first lunar landing since Apollo 17 with it scheduled for launch no earlier than 2026. Robotic missions are still pursued vigorously.

===Mars===
{{Main|Exploration of Mars}}[[File:Spirit rover tracks.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Surface of Mars by the [[Mars Exploration Rover|''Spirit'' rover]] (2004)]]
The exploration of [[Mars]] has been an important part of the space exploration programs of the Soviet Union (later Russia), the United States, Europe, Japan and India. Dozens of [[robotic spacecraft]], including [[orbiter]]s, [[Lander (spacecraft)|landers]], and [[rover (space exploration)|rovers]], have been launched toward Mars since the 1960s. These missions were aimed at gathering data about current conditions and answering questions about the history of Mars. The questions raised by the scientific community are expected to not only give a better appreciation of the Red Planet but also yield further insight into the past, and possible future, of Earth.

The exploration of Mars has come at a considerable financial cost with roughly two-thirds of all spacecraft destined for Mars failing before completing their missions, with some failing before they even began. Such a high failure rate can be attributed to the complexity and large number of variables involved in an interplanetary journey, and has led researchers to jokingly speak of ''The Great Galactic Ghoul''<ref name="space-232">{{cite web |last=Dinerman |first=Taylor |url=http://www.thespacereview.com/article/232/1 |title=Is the Great Galactic Ghoul losing his appetite? |work=The space review |date=27 September 2004 |access-date=27 March 2007 }}</ref> which subsists on a diet of Mars probes. This phenomenon is also informally known as the "[[Mars Curse]]".<ref name="cnn-20061223">{{cite news |last=Knight |first=Matthew |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/TECH/science/12/23/mwonders.mars/index.html |title=Beating the curse of Mars |work=Science & Space |access-date=27 March 2007 }}</ref> In contrast to overall high failure rates in the exploration of Mars, [[India]] has become the first country to achieve success of its maiden attempt. India's [[Mars Orbiter Mission]] (MOM)<ref>{{cite news |date=24 September 2014 |title=India becomes first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit, joins elite global space club |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/india-is-the-first-asian-nation-to-touch-mars-orbit-joins-elite-global-space-club/2014/09/23/b6bc6992-a432-4f1e-87ad-5d6fc4da3460_story.html |access-date=24 September 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |quote=India became the first Asian nation to reach the Red Planet when its indigenously made unmanned spacecraft entered the orbit of Mars on Wednesday.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/23/world/asia/mars-india-orbiter/index.html |title=India's spacecraft reaches Mars orbit ... and history |work=CNN |date=24 September 2014 |access-date= |quote=India's Mars Orbiter Mission successfully entered Mars' orbit Wednesday morning, becoming the first nation to arrive on its first attempt and the first Asian country to reach the Red Planet. |last = Park|first = Madison }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20140924-GH">{{cite news |last=Harris |first=Gardiner |title=On a Shoestring, India Sends Orbiter to Mars on Its First Try |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/25/world/asia/on-a-shoestring-india-sends-orbiter-to-mars.html |date=24 September 2014 |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=25 September 2014 }}</ref> is one of the least expensive interplanetary missions ever undertaken with an approximate total cost of {{INR}} 450 [[Crore]] ({{US$|73 million}}).<ref name="ibtimes20131105">{{cite news |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/india-successfully-launches-first-mission-to-mars-pm-congratulates-isro-team-photos-519719 |title=India Successfully Launches First Mission to Mars; PM Congratulates ISRO Team |work=[[International Business Times]] |date=5 November 2013 |access-date=13 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="ndtv20131105">{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cheat-sheet/india-s-450-crore-mission-to-mars-to-begin-today-10-facts-441410 |title=India's 450-crore mission to Mars to begin today: 10 facts |work=[[NDTV]] |first=Abhinav |last=Bhatt |date=5 November 2013 |access-date=13 October 2014}}</ref> The first mission to Mars by any Arab country has been taken up by the United Arab Emirates. Called the [[Emirates Mars Mission]], it was launched on 19 July 2020 and went into orbit around Mars on 9 February 2021. The uncrewed exploratory probe was named "Hope Probe" and was sent to Mars to study its atmosphere in detail.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hope Mars Probe |url=http://mbrsc.ae/en/page/mars-probe |publisher=Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre |website=mbrsc.ae |access-date=22 July 2016 |archive-date=25 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725185416/http://mbrsc.ae/en/page/mars-probe |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==== Phobos ====
{{Main|Exploration of Phobos}}
The Russian space mission [[Fobos-Grunt]], which launched on 9 November 2011, experienced a failure leaving it stranded in [[low Earth orbit]].<ref name="noburn">{{cite web |url=http://www.satobs.org/seesat/Nov-2011/0069.html |title=Phobos-Grunt – serious problem reported |first=Ted |last=Molczan |publisher=[[SeeSat-L]] |date=9 November 2011 |access-date=9 November 2011 }}</ref> It was to begin exploration of the [[Phobos (moon)|Phobos]] and Martian circumterrestrial orbit, and study whether the moons of Mars, or at least Phobos, could be a "trans-shipment point" for spaceships traveling to Mars.<ref name="yt-W0cUvK0Dgy8">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0cUvK0Dgy8 |title=Project Phobos-Grunt |publisher=YouTube |date=22 August 2006 |access-date=24 May 2012 }}</ref>

===Asteroids===
{{Main|Exploration of the asteroids}}
[[File:Dawn-image-070911.jpg|thumb|Asteroid [[4 Vesta]], imaged by the [[Dawn (spacecraft)|''Dawn'' spacecraft]] (2011)]]
Until the advent of [[Spaceflight|space travel]], objects in the [[asteroid belt]] were merely pinpricks of light in even the largest telescopes, their shapes and terrain remaining a mystery. Several asteroids have now been visited by probes, the first of which was ''[[Galileo (spacecraft)|Galileo]]'', which flew past two: [[951 Gaspra]] in 1991, followed by [[243 Ida]] in 1993. Both of these lay near enough to ''Galileo'''s planned trajectory to Jupiter that they could be visited at acceptable cost. The first landing on an asteroid was performed by the ''[[NEAR Shoemaker]]'' probe in 2000, following an orbital survey of the object, [[433 Eros]]. The dwarf planet [[Ceres (dwarf planet)|Ceres]] and the asteroid [[4 Vesta]], two of the three largest asteroids, were visited by NASA's [[Dawn (spacecraft)|''Dawn'' spacecraft]], launched in 2007.

''[[Hayabusa (spacecraft)|Hayabusa]]'' was a [[robotic spacecraft]] developed by the [[Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency]] to [[Sample return mission|return a sample of material]] from the small near-Earth asteroid [[25143 Itokawa]] to Earth for further analysis. Hayabusa was launched on 9 May 2003 and rendezvoused with Itokawa in mid-September 2005. After arriving at Itokawa, ''Hayabusa'' studied the asteroid's shape, spin, topography, color, composition, density, and history. In November 2005, it landed on the asteroid twice to collect samples. The spacecraft returned to Earth on 13 June 2010.

===Jupiter===
{{Main|Exploration of Jupiter}}
[[File:Io Tupan Patera.jpg|thumb|[[Tupan Patera]] on Jupiter's moon Io]]
The exploration of [[Jupiter]] has consisted solely of a number of automated NASA spacecraft visiting the planet since 1973. A large majority of the missions have been "flybys", in which detailed observations are taken without the probe landing or entering orbit; such as in [[Pioneer program|Pioneer]] and [[Voyager program|Voyager]] programs. The ''[[Galileo spacecraft|Galileo]]'' and ''[[Juno spacecraft|Juno]]'' spacecraft are the only spacecraft to have entered the planet's orbit. As Jupiter is believed to have only a relatively small rocky core and no real solid surface, a landing mission is precluded.

Reaching Jupiter from Earth requires a delta-v of 9.2 km/s,<ref name="delta-v">{{cite web |last=Wong |first=Al |date=28 May 1998 |url=http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/faqnav.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970105184300/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/faqnav.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 January 1997 |title=Galileo FAQ: Navigation |publisher=NASA |access-date=28 November 2006 }}</ref> which is comparable to the 9.7 km/s delta-v needed to reach low Earth orbit.<ref name="pma-delta">{{cite web |last=Hirata |first=Chris |url=http://www.pma.caltech.edu/~chirata/deltav.html |title=Delta-V in the Solar System |publisher=California Institute of Technology |access-date=28 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060715015836/http://www.pma.caltech.edu/~chirata/deltav.html |archive-date=15 July 2006 }}</ref> Fortunately, [[Gravitational slingshot|gravity assists]] through [[planetary flyby]]s can be used to reduce the energy required at launch to reach Jupiter, albeit at the cost of a significantly longer flight duration.<ref name="delta-v" />

Jupiter has 95 [[Moons of Jupiter|known moons]], many of which have relatively little known information about them.

===Saturn===
{{Main|Exploration of Saturn}}
[[Saturn]] has been explored only through uncrewed spacecraft launched by NASA, including one mission (''[[Cassini–Huygens]]'') planned and executed in cooperation with other space agencies. These missions consist of flybys in 1979 by ''[[Pioneer 11]]'', in 1980 by ''[[Voyager 1]]'', in 1982 by ''[[Voyager 2]]'' and an orbital mission by the ''Cassini'' spacecraft, which lasted from 2004 until 2017.

Saturn has at least 62 [[Moons of Saturn|known moons]], although the exact number is debatable since Saturn's rings are made up of vast numbers of independently orbiting objects of varying sizes. The largest of the moons is [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], which holds the distinction of being the only moon in the Solar System with an atmosphere denser and thicker than that of Earth. Titan holds the distinction of being the only object in the Outer Solar System that has been explored with a lander, the ''Huygens'' probe deployed by the ''Cassini'' spacecraft.

===Uranus===
{{Main|Exploration of Uranus}}
The exploration of [[Uranus]] has been entirely through the ''[[Voyager 2]]'' spacecraft, with no other visits currently planned. Given its [[axial tilt]] of 97.77°, with its polar regions exposed to sunlight or darkness for long periods, scientists were not sure what to expect at Uranus. The closest approach to Uranus occurred on 24 January 1986. ''Voyager 2'' studied the planet's unique atmosphere and [[magnetosphere]]. ''Voyager 2'' also examined its [[Rings of Uranus|ring system]] and the [[moons of Uranus]] including all five of the previously known moons, while discovering an additional ten previously unknown moons.

Images of Uranus proved to have a uniform appearance, with no evidence of the dramatic storms or atmospheric banding evident on Jupiter and Saturn. Great effort was required to even identify a few clouds in the images of the planet. The magnetosphere of Uranus, however, proved to be unique, being profoundly affected by the planet's unusual axial tilt. In contrast to the bland appearance of Uranus itself, striking images were obtained of the Moons of Uranus, including evidence that [[Miranda (moon)|Miranda]] had been unusually geologically active.

===Neptune===
{{main|Exploration of Neptune}}The exploration of Neptune began with the 25 August 1989 ''[[Voyager 2]]'' flyby, the sole visit to the system as of {{CURRENTYEAR}}. The possibility of a [[Neptune Orbiter]] has been discussed, but no other missions have been given serious thought.

Although the extremely uniform appearance of Uranus during ''Voyager 2''{{'}}s visit in 1986 had led to expectations that Neptune would also have few visible atmospheric phenomena, the spacecraft found that Neptune had obvious banding, visible clouds, [[Aurora (astronomy)|auroras]], and even a conspicuous [[Great Dark Spot|anticyclone storm system]] rivaled in size only by Jupiter's [[Great Red Spot]]. Neptune also proved to have the fastest winds of any planet in the Solar System, measured as high as 2,100 km/h.<ref name="Suomi1991">{{cite journal |last1=Suomi |first1=V. E. |last2=Limaye |first2=S. S. |last3=Johnson |first3=D. R. |year=1991 |title=High winds of Neptune: A possible mechanism |journal=Science |volume=251 |issue=4996 |pages=929–932 |bibcode=1991Sci...251..929S |doi=10.1126/science.251.4996.929 |pmid=17847386 |s2cid=46419483}}</ref> ''Voyager 2'' also examined [[Rings of Neptune|Neptune's ring]] and [[Moons of Neptune|moon system]]. It discovered 900 complete rings and additional partial ring "arcs" around Neptune. In addition to examining Neptune's three previously known moons, ''Voyager 2'' also discovered five previously unknown moons, one of which, [[Proteus (moon)|Proteus]], proved to be the last largest moon in the system. Data from ''Voyager 2'' supported the view that Neptune's largest moon, [[Triton (moon)|Triton]], is a captured [[Kuiper belt]] object.<ref name="Agnor06">{{cite journal |last1=Agnor |first1=C. B. |last2=Hamilton |first2=D. P. |year=2006 |title=Neptune's capture of its moon Triton in a binary-planet gravitational encounter |journal=Nature |volume=441 |issue=7090 |pages=192–194 |bibcode=2006Natur.441..192A |doi=10.1038/nature04792 |pmid=16688170 |s2cid=4420518}}</ref>

===Pluto===
{{main|Pluto#Exploration}}The [[dwarf planet]] Pluto presents significant challenges for spacecraft because of its great distance from Earth (requiring high velocity for reasonable trip times) and small mass (making capture into orbit difficult at present). ''[[Voyager 1]]'' could have visited Pluto, but controllers opted instead for a close flyby of Saturn's moon Titan, resulting in a trajectory incompatible with a Pluto flyby. ''[[Voyager 2]]'' never had a plausible trajectory for reaching Pluto.<ref name="jpl-faq">{{cite web |url=http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/faq.html |title=Voyager Frequently Asked Questions |access-date=8 September 2006 |publisher=Jet Propulsion Laboratory |date=14 January 2003 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721050617/http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/faq.html |archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref>

After an intense political battle, a mission to Pluto dubbed ''[[New Horizons]]'' was granted funding from the United States government in 2003.<ref name="s4p">{{cite web |last=Britt |first=Robert Roy |date=26 February 2003 |title=Pluto mission gets green light at last |url=http://www.space4peace.org/articles/plutomissiongetsok.htm |access-date=26 December 2013 |work=space.com |publisher=Space4Peace.org}}</ref> ''New Horizons'' was launched successfully on 19 January 2006. In early 2007 the craft made use of a [[gravity assist]] from [[Jupiter]]. Its closest approach to Pluto was on 14 July 2015; scientific observations of Pluto began five months prior to closest approach and continued for 16 days after the encounter.

===Kuiper Belt Objects===
The ''New Horizons'' mission also performed a flyby of the small planetesimal [[Arrokoth]], in the [[Kuiper belt]], in 2019. This was its first extended mission.<ref>{{cite conference |title=New Horizons Kuiper Belt Extended Mission |url=http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/Press-Conferences/2017-12-12/resources/2017_NH_AGU_PA.pdf |first1=Jim |last1=Green |first2=S. Alan |last2=Stern |date=12 December 2017 |conference=2017 AGU Fall Meeting |publisher=Applied Physics Laboratory |pages=12–15 |access-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226234838/http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/Press-Conferences/2017-12-12/resources/2017_NH_AGU_PA.pdf
|archive-date=26 December 2018 |url-status=dead |df= dmy-all}}</ref>

===Comets===
{{Main|List of missions to comets}}
[[File:Comet Hartley 2.jpg|thumb|Comet [[103P/Hartley]] (2010)]]

Although many comets have been studied from Earth sometimes with centuries-worth of observations, only a few comets have been closely visited. In 1985, the ''[[International Cometary Explorer]]'' conducted the first comet fly-by ([[21P/Giacobini-Zinner]]) before joining the [[Halley Armada]] studying the famous comet. The [[Deep Impact (spacecraft)|''Deep Impact'' probe]] smashed into [[9P/Tempel]] to learn more about its structure and composition and the [[Stardust (spacecraft)|''Stardust'' mission]] returned samples of another comet's tail. The [[Philae (spacecraft)|''Philae'' lander]] successfully landed on [[67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko|Comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko]] in 2014 as part of the broader [[Rosetta (spacecraft)|''Rosetta'' mission]].

===Deep space exploration===
{{main|Deep space exploration}}
[[Image:Hubble ultra deep field high rez edit1.jpg|thumb|This high-resolution image of the [[Hubble Ultra Deep Field]] includes galaxies of various ages, sizes, shapes, and colors. The smallest, reddest galaxies, are some of the most distant galaxies to have been imaged by an optical telescope.]]

Deep space exploration is the branch of [[astronomy]], [[astronautics]] and [[space technology]] that is involved with the exploration of distant regions of outer space.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://adc.gsfc.nasa.gov/adc/education/space_ex/exploration.html |title=Space and its Exploration: How Space is Explored |work=NASA.gov |access-date=2009-07-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090702153058/http://adc.gsfc.nasa.gov/adc/education/space_ex/exploration.html |archive-date=2 July 2009 }}</ref> Physical exploration of space is conducted both by [[human spaceflight]]s (deep-space astronautics) and by [[robotic spacecraft]].

Some of the best candidates for future deep space engine technologies include [[anti-matter]], [[nuclear power]] and [[beam-powered propulsion|beamed propulsion]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/exploration/futurespaceflight/index.shtml |title=Future Spaceflight |work=BBC |access-date=2009-07-01 |archive-date=22 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422162750/http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/exploration/futurespaceflight/index.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> Beamed propulsion, appears to be the best candidate for deep space exploration presently available, since it uses known physics and known technology that is being developed for other purposes.<ref name="Forward1996">{{cite journal |last=Forward |first=Robert L. |date=January 1996 |title=Ad Astra! |journal=Journal of the British Interplanetary Society |volume=49 |pages=23–32 |bibcode=1996JBIS...49...23F}}</ref>

==Future of space exploration==
{{main|Future of space exploration}}
[[File:Innovative Interstellar Explorer interstellar space probe .jpg|thumb|Concept art for a NASA Vision mission]]
[[File:Rocket launch from Saturn moon.jpg|thumb|Artistic image of a rocket lifting from a Saturn moon]]

=== Breakthrough Starshot ===
{{main|Breakthrough Starshot}}
Breakthrough Starshot is a research and engineering project by the [[Breakthrough Initiatives]] to develop a proof-of-concept fleet of [[light sail]] spacecraft named ''StarChip'',<ref name="CD-20160412">{{cite web |last=Gilster |first=Paul |title=Breakthrough Starshot: Mission to Alpha Centauri |url=http://www.centauri-dreams.org/?p=35402 |date=12 April 2016 |work=Centauri Dreams |access-date=14 April 2016 }}</ref> to be capable of making the journey to the [[Alpha Centauri]] star system 4.37 [[light-years]] away. It was founded in 2016 by [[Yuri Milner]], [[Stephen Hawking]], and [[Mark Zuckerberg]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/20799/20160414/stephen-hawking-mark-zuckerberg-and-russian-millionaire-yuri-milner-launch-100m-space-project-called-breakthrough-starshot.htm|title=Stephen Hawking, Mark Zuckerberg, Yuri Milner Launch $100M Space Project Called Breakthrough Starshot|last=F|first=Jessica|date=14 April 2016|work=Nature World News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/mark-zuckerberg-joins-100-million-initiative-send-tiny-space-probes-explore-447513|title=Mark Zuckerberg Launches $100 Million Initiative To Send Tiny Space Probes To Explore Stars|last=Lee|first=Seung|date=13 April 2016|website=Newsweek|language=en|access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref>

=== Asteroids ===
{{main|Exploration of the asteroids}}
An article in the science magazine ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' suggested the use of asteroids as a gateway for space exploration, with the ultimate destination being Mars. In order to make such an approach viable, three requirements need to be fulfilled: first, "a thorough asteroid survey to find thousands of nearby bodies suitable for astronauts to visit"; second, "extending flight duration and distance capability to ever-increasing ranges out to Mars"; and finally, "developing better robotic vehicles and tools to enable astronauts to explore an asteroid regardless of its size, shape or spin". Furthermore, using asteroids would provide astronauts with protection from galactic cosmic rays, with mission crews being able to land on them without great risk to radiation exposure.

=== Artemis program ===
{{main|Artemis program}}
The Artemis program is an ongoing [[List of human spaceflight programs|crewed spaceflight program]] carried out by [[NASA]], U.S. [[Private spaceflight|commercial spaceflight companies]], and international partners such as [[European Space Agency|ESA]],<ref name="Artemis home">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/specials/moontomars/index.html|title=NASA: Moon to Mars|website=NASA|access-date=19 May 2019|archive-date=5 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805055135/https://www.nasa.gov/specials/moontomars/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> with the goal of landing "the first woman and the next man" on the Moon, specifically at the [[lunar south pole]] region. Artemis would be the next step towards the long-term goal of establishing a sustainable presence on the Moon, laying the foundation for private companies to build a lunar economy, and eventually sending humans to [[Mars]].

In 2017, the lunar campaign was authorized by [[NASA#Space Policy Directive 1|Space Policy Directive 1]], using various ongoing spacecraft programs such as [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion]], the [[Lunar Gateway]], [[Commercial Lunar Payload Services]], and adding an undeveloped crewed lander. The [[Space Launch System]] will serve as the primary launch vehicle for Orion, while commercial launch vehicles are planned for use to launch other elements of the campaign.<ref name="Verge May2019">[https://www.theverge.com/2019/5/17/18627839/nasa-administrator-jim-bridenstine-artemis-moon-program-budget-amendment NASA administrator on new Moon plan: 'We're doing this in a way that's never been done before']. Loren Grush, ''The Verge''. 17 May 2019.</ref> NASA requested $1.6 billion in additional funding for Artemis for fiscal year 2020,<ref name='Harwood CBS'>{{cite news |last=Harwood |first=William |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nasa-moon-mission-budget-administrator-jim-bridenstine/ |title=NASA boss pleads for steady moon mission funding |work=[[CBS News]] |date=17 July 2019 |access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref> while the U.S. Senate Appropriations Committee requested from NASA a five-year budget profile<ref>{{cite news|url=https://spacenews.com/senate-appropriators-advance-bill-funding-nasa-despite-uncertainties-about-artemis-costs/ |title=Senate appropriators advance bill funding NASA despite uncertainties about Artemis costs|first=Jeff |last=Foust |publisher=[[SpaceNews]] |date=27 September 2019|access-date=February 23, 2023}}</ref> which is needed for evaluation and approval by the U.S. [[United States Congress|Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/1618604/nasa-asks-for-1-6-billion-to-fund-artemis-moon-program/|title=Trump wants $1.6 billion for a moon mission and proposes to get it from college aid|last1=Fernholz|first1=Tim|website=Quartz|date=14 May 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/05/nasa-reveals-funding-needed-for-moon-program-says-it-will-be-named-artemis/|title=NASA reveals funding needed for Moon program, says it will be named Artemis|last=Berger|first=Eric|date=2019-05-14|website=Ars Technica|language=en-us|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref> As of 2024, the first Artemis mission was launched in 2022 with the second mission, a crewed lunar flyby planned for 2025.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WODej84jxg |title=Success and Preparation |language=en |access-date=2024-05-14 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Construction on the Lunar Gateway is underway with initial capabilities set for the 2025–2027 timeframe.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Zamora |first1=Briana R. |last2=NASA |date=2024-05-13 |title=Forward Progress on Gateway, Humanity's First Lunar Space Station |url=https://scitechdaily.com/forward-progress-on-gateway-humanitys-first-lunar-space-station/ |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=SciTechDaily |language=en-US}}</ref> The first CLPS lander landed in 2024, marking the first US spacecraft to land since [[Apollo 17]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=2024-02-22 |title=Intuitive Machines lands on the moon |url=https://spacenews.com/intuitive-machines-lands-on-the-moon/ |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Rationales==
{{Main|Space advocacy}}

[[File:Aldrin Apollo 11 original.jpg|thumb| Astronaut [[Buzz Aldrin]] had a personal Communion service when he first arrived on the surface of the [[Moon]].]]
The research that is conducted by national space exploration agencies, such as [[NASA]] and [[Roscosmos]], is one of the reasons supporters cite to justify government expenses. Economic analyses of the NASA programs often showed ongoing economic benefits (such as [[NASA spin-off]]s), generating many times the revenue of the cost of the program.<ref name="doi-1023">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1023/A:1020207506064| pmid = 14983842| year = 2002| last1 = Hertzfeld | first1 = H. R. | journal = The Journal of Technology Transfer| volume = 27| issue = 4| pages = 311–320|title=Measuring the Economic Returns from Successful NASA Life Sciences Technology Transfers| s2cid = 20304464}}</ref> It is also argued that space exploration would lead to the extraction of resources on other planets and especially asteroids, which contain billions of dollars worth of minerals and metals. Such expeditions could generate substantial revenue.<ref name="nature-2012">{{cite journal |last=Elvis |first=Martin |title=Let's mine asteroids – for science and profit |year=2012 |journal=Nature |volume=485 |issue=7400 |page=549 |doi=10.1038/485549a |pmid=22660280 |bibcode=2012Natur.485..549E |doi-access=free }}</ref> In addition, it has been argued that space exploration programs help inspire youth to study in science and engineering.<ref name="freakonomics">{{cite web |url=http://freakonomics.com/2008/01/11/is-space-exploration-worth-the-cost-a-freakonomics-quorum/ |title=Is Space Exploration Worth the Cost? A Freakonomics Quorum |work=Freakonomics |publisher=freakonomics.com |access-date=27 May 2014 |date=2008-01-11 }}</ref> Space exploration also gives scientists the ability to perform experiments in other settings and expand humanity's knowledge.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zelenyi|first1=L. M.|last2=Korablev|first2=O. I.|last3=Rodionov|first3=D. S.|last4=Novikov|first4=B. S.|last5=Marchenkov|first5=K. I.|last6=Andreev|first6=O. N.|last7=Larionov|first7=E. V.|date=December 2015|title=Scientific objectives of the scientific equipment of the landing platform of the ExoMars-2018 mission|journal=Solar System Research|language=en|volume=49|issue=7|pages=509–517|doi=10.1134/S0038094615070229|issn=0038-0946|bibcode=2015SoSyR..49..509Z|s2cid=124269328}}</ref>

Another claim is that space exploration is a necessity to humankind and that staying on Earth will eventually lead to [[Human extinction|extinction]]. Some of the reasons are lack of natural resources, comets, nuclear war, and worldwide epidemic. [[Stephen Hawking]], renowned British theoretical physicist, said, "I don't think the human race will survive the next thousand years, unless we spread into space. There are too many accidents that can befall life on a single planet. But I'm an optimist. We will reach out to the stars."<ref name="tele-20011016">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2001/10/16/nhawk16.xml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040125082643/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2001%2F10%2F16%2Fnhawk16.xml |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 January 2004 |work=The Daily Telegraph |title=Colonies in space may be only hope, says Hawking |date=15 October 2001 |access-date=5 August 2007 |location=London |first=Roger |last=Highfield }}</ref> Author [[Arthur C. Clarke]] (1950) presented a summary of motivations for the human exploration of space in his non-fiction semi-technical monograph ''Interplanetary Flight''.<ref name="intro-ast">{{cite book|title=Interplanetary Flight – An Introduction to Astronautics|last=Clarke|first=Arthur C.|publisher=Harper & Brothers|year=1950|location=New York|chapter=10}}</ref> He argued that humanity's choice is essentially between expansion off Earth into space, versus cultural (and eventually biological) stagnation and death.

These motivations could be attributed to one of the first rocket scientists in NASA, [[Wernher von Braun]], and his vision of humans moving beyond Earth. The basis of this plan was to:

<blockquote>Develop multi-stage rockets capable of placing satellites, animals, and humans in space.

Development of large, winged reusable spacecraft capable of carrying humans and equipment into Earth orbit in a way that made space access routine and cost-effective.

Construction of a large, permanently occupied space station to be used as a platform both to observe Earth and from which to launch deep space expeditions.

Launching the first human flights around the Moon, leading to the first landings of humans on the Moon, with the intent of exploring that body and establishing permanent lunar bases.

Assembly and fueling of spaceships in Earth orbit for the purpose of sending humans to Mars with the intent of eventually colonizing that planet.<ref name="doi:10.1016">{{Cite journal | year = 2007| last1 = Launius | first1 = R. D. | last2 = Mccurdy | first2 = H. E. | journal = Technology in Society| volume = 29| issue = 3| pages = 271–282|title=Robots and humans in space flight: Technology, evolution, and interplanetary travel | doi = 10.1016/j.techsoc.2007.04.007 }}</ref></blockquote>

Known as the Von Braun Paradigm, the plan was formulated to lead humans in the exploration of space. Von Braun's vision of human space exploration served as the model for efforts in space exploration well into the twenty-first century, with NASA incorporating this approach into the majority of their projects.<ref name="doi:10.1016" /> The steps were followed out of order, as seen by the Apollo program reaching the moon before the space shuttle program was started, which in turn was used to complete the International Space Station. Von Braun's Paradigm formed NASA's drive for human exploration, in the hopes that humans discover the far reaches of the universe.

NASA has produced a series of public service announcement videos supporting the concept of space exploration.<ref name="yt-EewrC22ysus">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EewrC22ysus |title=NASA "Reach" Public Service Announcement for Space Exploration |date=31 March 2012 |publisher=NASA }}</ref>

Overall, the U.S. public remains largely supportive of both crewed and uncrewed space exploration. According to an [[Associated Press]] Poll conducted in July 2003, 71% of U.S. citizens agreed with the statement that the space program is "a good investment", compared to 21% who did not.<ref name="poll-2">{{cite web |url=http://www.pollingreport.com/space2.htm |publisher=Pollingreport.com |title=Origin of Human Life – USA Today/Gallup Poll |date=3 July 2007 |access-date=25 December 2013 }}</ref>

=== Human nature ===
[[Space advocacy]] and [[space policy]]<ref name="AtlanticDestiny">{{cite web |first=Marina |last=Koren |date=17 September 2020 |title=No One Should 'Colonize' Space |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/09/manifest-destiny-trump-space-exploration/612439/ |access-date=2 November 2020 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> regularly invokes exploration as a [[human nature]].<ref name="Destiny">{{cite web |last=Weibel |first=Deana L. |author-link=Deana Weibel |date=12 July 2019 |title=Destiny in Space |url=http://www.anthropology-news.org/index.php/2019/07/12/destiny-in-space/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031100927/http://www.anthropology-news.org/index.php/2019/07/12/destiny-in-space/ |archive-date=31 October 2020 |access-date=2 December 2020 |publisher=American Anthropological Association}}</ref>

==Topics==
{{Main|Space science|Human presence in space}}

===Spaceflight===
{{Main|Spaceflight|Astronautics}}
[[File:Delta-Vs for inner Solar System.svg|thumbnail|upright=1.1|[[delta-v budget|Delta-v's]] in km/s for various orbital maneuvers]]
''Spaceflight'' is the use of [[space technology]] to achieve the flight of [[spacecraft]] into and through outer space.

Spaceflight is used in space exploration, and also in commercial activities like [[space tourism]] and [[telecommunications satellite|satellite telecommunications]]. Additional non-commercial uses of spaceflight include [[Space observatory|space observatories]], [[reconnaissance satellite]]s and other [[Earth observation satellite]]s.

A spaceflight typically begins with a [[rocket launch]], which provides the initial thrust to overcome the force of [[gravity]] and propels the spacecraft from the surface of Earth. Once in space, the motion of a spacecraft—both when unpropelled and when under propulsion—is covered by the area of study called [[astrodynamics]]. Some spacecraft remain in space indefinitely, some disintegrate during [[atmospheric reentry]], and others reach a planetary or lunar surface for landing or impact.

===Satellites===
{{Main|Satellite}}

Satellites are used for a large number of purposes. Common types include military (spy) and civilian Earth observation satellites, communication satellites, navigation satellites, weather satellites, and research satellites. [[Space station]]s and human [[spacecraft]] in orbit are also satellites.

===Commercialization of space===
{{Main|Commercialization of space}}
The commercialization of space first started out with the launching of private satellites by NASA or other space agencies. Current examples of the commercial satellite use of space include [[satellite navigation system]]s, satellite television, satellite communications (such as internet services) and [[satellite radio]]. The next step of commercialization of space was seen as human spaceflight. Flying humans safely to and from space had become routine to NASA and Russia.<ref>Gregory, Frederick; Garber, S. J. ''Looking Backward, Looking Forward: Forty Years of U.S. Human Spaceflight, 2002,'' pp. 73–80. Making Human Spaceflight as Safe as Possible.</ref> Reusable spacecraft were an entirely new engineering challenge, something only seen in novels and films like Star Trek and War of the Worlds. Astronaut [[Buzz Aldrin]] supported the use of making a reusable vehicle like the space shuttle. Aldrin held that reusable spacecraft were the key in making space travel affordable, stating that the use of "passenger space travel is a huge potential market big enough to justify the creation of reusable launch vehicles".<ref>Aldrin, Buzz; Garber, S. J. ''Looking Backward, Looking Forward: Forty Years of U.S. Human Spaceflight,'' 2002. pp. 91–100. Apollo and Beyond.</ref> [[Space tourism]] is a next step in the use of reusable vehicles in the commercialization of space. The purpose of this form of [[Human spaceflight|space travel]] is personal pleasure.

[[Private spaceflight|Private spaceflight companies]] such as [[SpaceX]] and [[Blue Origin]], and [[Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station|commercial space stations]] such as the Axiom Space and the [[Bigelow Commercial Space Station]] have changed the cost and overall landscape of space exploration, and are expected to continue to do so in the near future.

===Alien life===
{{Main|Astrobiology|Extraterrestrial life}}
Astrobiology is the [[interdisciplinary]] study of life in the universe, combining aspects of [[astronomy]], [[biology]] and geology.<ref name="NASAastrobio">{{cite web |url=http://astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov/ |title=NASA Astrobiology |publisher=Astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov |access-date=24 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928003207/http://astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov/ |archive-date=28 September 2015}}</ref> It is focused primarily on the study of the [[origin of life|origin]], distribution and [[evolution]] of life. It is also known as '''exobiology''' (from Greek: έξω, ''exo'', "outside").<ref name="aleph-x">{{cite web |url=http://www.aleph.se/Trans/Words/x.html |title=X |publisher=Aleph.se |date=11 March 2000 |access-date=24 May 2012 }}</ref><ref name="www-pho">{{cite web |url=http://www.worldwidewords.org/articles/phobias.htm |title=Fears and dreads |publisher=World Wide Words |date=31 May 1997 |access-date=24 May 2012 }}</ref><ref name="itw-1066">{{cite web |url=http://www.itwire.com.au/content/view/11647/1066/ |title= Scientists will look for alien life, but Where and How? |publisher=iTWire |first1=William |last1=Atkins |date=27 April 2007 |access-date=24 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014092633/http://www.itwire.com.au/content/view/11647/1066/ |archive-date=14 October 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The term "Xenobiology" has been used as well, but this is technically incorrect because its terminology means "biology of the foreigners".<ref name="bio-ast">{{cite web |url=http://biocab.org/Astrobiology.html |title=Astrobiology |publisher=Biocab.org |access-date=24 May 2012 |archive-date=12 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101212184044/http://biocab.org/Astrobiology.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Astrobiologists must also consider the possibility of life that is chemically entirely distinct from any life found on Earth.<ref name="AstroDNA">{{cite web |title=Launching the Alien Debates |last=Ward |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Ward (paleontologist) |url=http://www.astrobio.net/debate/2168/launching-the-alien-debates |date=8 December 2006 |work=[[Astrobiology Magazine]] |access-date=25 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023105824/https://www.astrobio.net/extreme-life/launching-the-alien-debates/ |archive-date=2020-10-23 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> In the Solar System, some of the prime locations for current or past astrobiology are on Enceladus, Europa, Mars, and Titan.<ref name="sc-extra">{{cite web|url=http://spacechronology.com/extra.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714162249/http://spacechronology.com/extra.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 July 2012 |title=Astrobiology: the quest for extraterrestrial life |publisher=Spacechronology.com |date=29 September 2010 |access-date=24 May 2012 }}</ref>

===Human spaceflight and habitation===
{{Main|Human spaceflight|Bioastronautics|Effect of spaceflight on the human body|Space medicine|Space architecture|Space station|Space habitat (facility)|Space habitat (settlement)}}
[[File:Yury Usachev in Russian crew quarters.jpg|thumb|200px|Crew quarters on [[Zvezda (ISS module)|Zvezda]], the base ISS crew module]]
To date, the longest human occupation of space is the [[International Space Station]] which has been in continuous use for {{age in years and days|2000|11|02}}. [[Valeri Polyakov]]'s record single spaceflight of almost 438 days aboard the [[Mir]] space station has not been surpassed. The health effects of space have been well documented through years of research conducted in the field of [[Aerospace Medicine|aerospace medicine]]. Analog environments similar to those experienced in space travel (like deep sea submarines), have been used in this research to further explore the relationship between isolation and extreme environments.<ref name="Doarn 2019 190">{{Cite journal |last1=Doarn |first1=Charles R. |last2=Polk |first2=J. D. |last3=Shepanek |first3=Marc |date=2019 |title=Health challenges including behavioral problems in long-duration spaceflight |journal=Neurology India |language=en |volume=67 |issue=8 |pages=S190–S195 |doi=10.4103/0028-3886.259116 |issn=0028-3886 |pmid=31134909 |s2cid=167219863 |doi-access=free}}</ref> It is imperative that the health of the crew be maintained as any deviation from baseline may compromise the integrity of the mission as well as the safety of the crew, hence the astronauts must endure rigorous medical screenings and tests prior to embarking on any missions. However, it does not take long for the environmental dynamics of spaceflight to commence its toll on the human body; for example, [[Space adaptation syndrome|space motion sickness (SMS)]] – a condition which affects the neurovestibular system and culminates in mild to severe signs and symptoms such as vertigo, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, and disorientation – plagues almost all space travelers within their first few days in orbit.<ref name="Doarn 2019 190"/> Space travel can also have an impact on the psyche of the crew members as delineated in anecdotal writings composed after their retirement. Space travel can adversely affect the body's natural biological clock ([[circadian rhythm]]); sleep patterns causing sleep deprivation and fatigue; and social interaction; consequently, residing in a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) environment for a prolonged amount of time can result in both mental and physical exhaustion.<ref name="Doarn 2019 190"/> Long-term stays in space reveal issues with bone and muscle loss in low gravity, immune system suppression, problems with eyesight, and radiation exposure. The lack of gravity causes fluid to rise upward which can cause pressure to build up in the eye, resulting in vision problems; the loss of bone minerals and densities; cardiovascular deconditioning; and decreased endurance and muscle mass.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/hrp/bodyinspace|title=The Human Body in Space|last=Perez|first=Jason|date=2016-03-30|website=NASA|access-date=2019-11-11}}</ref>

[[Health threat from cosmic rays|Radiation]] is an insidious health hazard to space travelers as it is invisible and can cause cancer. When above the Earth's magnetic field, spacecraft are no longer protected from the sun's radiation; the danger of radiation is even more potent in deep space. The hazards of radiation can be ameliorated through protective shielding on the spacecraft, alerts, and [[dosimetry]].<ref name="Mars">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/hrp/5-hazards-of-human-spaceflight|title=5 Hazards of Human Spaceflight|last=Mars|first=Kelli|date=2018-03-27|website=NASA|access-date=2019-10-06|archive-date=28 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428014359/https://www.nasa.gov/hrp/5-hazards-of-human-spaceflight/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Fortunately, with new and rapidly evolving technological advancements, those in [[Mission control center|Mission Control]] are able to monitor the health of their [[astronaut]]s more closely using [[telemedicine]]. One may not be able to completely evade the physiological effects of space flight, but those effects can be mitigated. For example, medical systems aboard space vessels such as the [[International Space Station|International Space Station (ISS)]] are well equipped and designed to counteract the effects of lack of gravity and weightlessness; on-board treadmills can help prevent muscle loss and reduce the risk of developing premature [[osteoporosis]].<ref name="Doarn 2019 190"/><ref name="Mars"/> Additionally, a crew medical officer is appointed for each ISS mission and a [[flight surgeon]] is available 24/7 via the [[Mission control center|ISS Mission Control Center]] located in [[Houston|Houston, Texas.]]<ref name="Mars"/> Although the interactions are intended to take place in real time, communications between the space and terrestrial crew may become delayed – sometimes by as much as 20 minutes<ref name="Mars"/> – as their distance from each other increases when the spacecraft moves further out of low Earth orbit; because of this the crew are trained and need to be prepared to respond to any medical emergencies that may arise on the vessel as the ground crew are hundreds of miles away.

Many past and current concepts for the continued exploration and colonization of space focus on a return to the Moon as a "steppingstone" to the other planets, especially Mars. At the end of 2006, NASA announced they were planning to build a permanent Moon base with continual presence by 2024.<ref name="nasa-164021">{{cite press release |title=Global Exploration Strategy and Lunar Architecture |publisher=NASA |date=4 December 2006 |url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/164021main_lunar_architecture.pdf |access-date=5 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614040311/http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/164021main_lunar_architecture.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 }}</ref>

Beyond the technical factors that could make living in space more widespread, it has been suggested that the lack of [[private property]], the inability or difficulty in establishing [[property rights]] in space, has been an impediment to the development of space for human habitation. Since the advent of [[space technology]] in the latter half of the twentieth century, the ownership of property in space has been murky, with strong arguments both for and against. In particular, the making of [[Sovereign state|national]] [[Land claim|territorial claims]] in [[outer space]] and on [[celestial body|celestial bodies]] has been specifically proscribed by the [[Outer Space Treaty]], which had been, {{as of|2012|lc=y}}, ratified by all [[Spacefaring|spacefaring nations]].<ref name="tna2012fall">{{cite journal|last=Simberg |first=Rand |title=Property Rights in Space |journal=The New Atlantis |date=Fall 2012 |issue=37 |pages=20–31 |url=http://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/property-rights-in-space |access-date=14 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215001750/http://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/property-rights-in-space |archive-date=15 December 2012 }}</ref> Space colonization, also called space settlement and space humanization, would be the permanent autonomous (self-sufficient) human [[Space habitat|habitation]] of locations outside Earth, especially of natural satellites or planets such as the [[Colonization of the Moon|Moon]] or [[Colonization of Mars|Mars]], using significant amounts of [[in-situ resource utilization]].

==== Human representation and participation ====
{{See also|Space law}}

Participation and representation of humanity in space is an issue ever since the first phase of space exploration.<ref name="Durrani"/> Some rights of non-spacefaring countries have been mostly secured through international [[space law]], declaring space the "[[Common heritage of mankind|province of all mankind]]", understanding [[spaceflight]] as its resource, though sharing of space for all humanity is still criticized as [[imperialism|imperialist]] and lacking.<ref name="Durrani">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/apollo-space-lunar-rockets-colonialism/ |title=Is Spaceflight Colonialism? |magazine=The Nation|first=Haris |last=Durrani |access-date=2 October 2020 |date=19 July 2019}}</ref> Additionally to international inclusion, the inclusion of women and [[people of colour]] has also been lacking. To reach a more inclusive spaceflight, some organizations like the ''Justspace Alliance''<ref name="Durrani"/> and [[IAU]] featured ''Inclusive Astronomy''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.inclusiveastronomy.org/ |title=Website of the IAU100 ''Inclusive Astronomy'' project |access-date=8 January 2022 |archive-date=22 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222220447/https://www.inclusiveastronomy.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> have been formed in recent years.

=====Women=====
{{Main|Women in space}}
The first woman to go to space was [[Valentina Tereshkova]]. She flew in 1963 but it was not until the 1980s that another woman entered space again. All astronauts were required to be military test pilots at the time and women were not able to join this career. This is one reason for the delay in allowing women to join space crews.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} After the rule changed, [[Svetlana Savitskaya]] became the second woman to go to space, she was also from the [[Soviet Union]]. [[Sally Ride]] became the next woman in space and the first woman to fly to space through the United States program.

Since then, eleven other countries have allowed women astronauts. The first all-female space walk occurred in 2018, including [[Christina Koch]] and [[Jessica Meir]]. They had both previously participated in space walks with NASA. The first woman to go to the Moon is planned for 2026.

Despite these developments, women are underrepresented among astronauts and especially cosmonauts. Issues that block potential applicants from the programs, and limit the space missions they are able to go on, include:
* agencies limiting women to half as much time in space than men, arguing that there may be unresearched additional risks for cancer.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.space.com/22252-women-astronauts-radiation-risk.html | title = Female Astronauts Face Discrimination from Space Radiation Concerns, Astronauts Say | first = Miriam | last = Kramer | date = 27 August 2013 | access-date = 7 January 2017 | work = Space.com | publisher = Purch}}</ref>
* a lack of space suits sized appropriately for female astronauts.<ref name="clothing">{{cite magazine |last=Sokolowski |first=Susan L.|title= Female astronauts: How performance products like space suits and bras are designed to pave the way for women's accomplishments|url=https://theconversation.com/female-astronauts-how-performance-products-like-space-suits-and-bras-are-designed-to-pave-the-way-for-womens-accomplishments-114346 |date=5 April 2019 | magazine =The Conversation |access-date=10 May 2020 }}</ref>

===Art===
{{See also|Space art#Art in space}}

Artistry in and from space ranges from signals, capturing and arranging material like [[Yuri Gagarin]]'s [[selfie]] in space or the image [[The Blue Marble]], over drawings like the first one in space by cosmonaut and artist [[Alexei Leonov]], music videos like [[Space Oddity#Chris Hadfield version|Chris Hadfield's cover of Space Oddity]] on board the ISS, to permanent installations on celestial bodies like [[Moon#Human impact|on the Moon]].

==See also==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
{{Main|Outline of space exploration}}
* [[Discovery and exploration of the Solar System]]
* [[Spacecraft propulsion]]
* [[List of crewed spacecraft]]
* [[List of missions to Mars]]
* [[List of missions to the outer planets]]
* [[List of landings on extraterrestrial bodies]]
* [[List of spaceflight records]]

===Robotic space exploration programs===
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Robotic spacecraft]]
* [[Timeline of planetary exploration]]
* [[Landings on other planets]]
* [[Pioneer program]]
* [[Luna program]]
* [[Zond program]]
* [[Venera program]]
* [[Mars probe program]]
* [[Ranger program]]
* [[Mariner program]]
* [[Surveyor program]]
* [[Viking program]]
* [[Voyager program]]
* [[Vega program]]
* [[Phobos program]]
* [[Discovery program]]
* [[Chandrayaan-1|Chandrayaan Program]]
* [[Mars Orbiter Mission|Mangalyaan Program]]
* [[Chinese Lunar Exploration Program|Chang'e Program]]
* Private [[Astrobotic Technology]] Program
{{Div col end}}

===Living in space===
* [[Interplanetary contamination]]

====Animals in space====
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Animals in space]]
* [[Monkeys in space]]
* [[Russian space dogs]]
{{Div col end}}

====Humans in space====
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Astronaut]]s
* [[List of human spaceflights]]
* [[List of human spaceflights by program]]
* [[Vostok program]]
* [[Mercury program]]
* [[Voskhod program]]
* [[Gemini program]]
* [[Soyuz program]]
* [[Apollo program]]
* [[Salyut|Salyut program]]
* [[Skylab]]
* [[Space Shuttle program]]
* [[Mir]]
* [[International Space Station]]
* [[Vision for Space Exploration]]
* [[Aurora Programme]]
* [[Scaled Composites Tier One|Tier One]]
* [[Effect of spaceflight on the human body]]
* [[Space architecture]]
* {{annotated link|Research station}}
* {{annotated link|Space observatory}}
* [[Space archaeology]]
* [[flexible path]] destinations set
{{Div col end}}

===Recent and future developments===
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Commercial astronaut]]s
* [[Artemis program]]
* [[Energy development]]
* [[Exploration of Mars]]
* [[Space tourism]]
* [[Private spaceflight]]
* [[Space colonization]]
* [[Interstellar spaceflight]]
* [[Deep space exploration]]
* [[Human outpost]]
* [[Mars to Stay]]
* [[NewSpace]]
* [[NASA lunar outpost concepts]]
{{Div col end}}

===Other===
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[List of spaceflights]]
* [[Timeline of Solar System exploration]]
* [[List of artificial objects on extra-terrestrial surfaces]]
* [[Space station]]
* [[Space telescope]]
* [[Sample return mission]]
* [[Atmospheric reentry]]
* [[Space and survival]]
* [[List of spaceflight-related accidents and incidents]]
* [[Religion in space]]
* [[Militarisation of space]]
* [[French space program]]
* [[Russian explorers]]
* [[U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps]]
* [[Deep-sea exploration]]
* [[Arctic exploration]]
* [[Criticism of space exploration]]
{{Div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal |title=Spaceflight: The Development of Science, Surveillance, and Commerce in Space |journal=[[Proceedings of the IEEE]] |last=Launius |first=R.D. |display-authors=etal |volume=100 |issue=special centennial issue |pages=1785–1818 |doi=10.1109/JPROC.2012.2187143 |year=2012 |doi-access=free }} An overview of the history of space exploration and predictions for the future.
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Library resources box}}
* [http://www.high-frontier.org Building a Spacefaring Civilization], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522210829/http://www.high-frontier.org/ |date=22 May 2019 }}
* [http://spacechronology.com Chronology of space exploration, astrobiology, exoplanets and news]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929160331/http://spacechronology.com/ |date=29 September 2020 }}
* [https://archive.today/20121205064450/http://www.spaceref.com/ Space related news]
* [http://www.sen.com Space Exploration Network]
* [http://spaceflight.nasa.gov NASA's website on human space travel]
* [https://www.nasa.gov/topics/technology/space-travel/index.html NASA's website on space exploration technology]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713124319/https://www.nasa.gov/topics/technology/space-travel/index.html |date=13 July 2023 }}
* [http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/101space/101space.htm "America's Space Program: Exploring a New Frontier", a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan]
* [http://spacephotos.ru/ The Soviet-Russian Spaceflight's History Photoarchive]
* [http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/30222/the-21-greatest-space-photos-ever The 21 Greatest Space Photos Ever]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227233620/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/30222/the-21-greatest-space-photos-ever |date=27 December 2010 }} – slideshow by ''Life Magazine''
* "[http://www.phy6.org/stargaze/Sintro.htm From Stargazers to Starships]", extensive educational web site and course covering spaceflight, astronomy and related physics
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7DEw70LVWs ''We Are The Explorers''], NASA Promotional Video ([http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2012/mar/HQ_12_071_We_Explore_Video.txt Press Release]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126160239/https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2012/mar/HQ_12_071_We_Explore_Video.txt |date=26 January 2021 }})
* [https://apkpile.com/space-technology-and-satellite-technology/ Recent Advancement in Space technology and satellite technology 2024]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207174335/https://apkpile.com/space-technology-and-satellite-technology/ |date=7 February 2024 }}

{{Space exploration}}
{{Planetary exploration}}
{{Space exploration lists and timelines}}
{{navboxes | title = Related topics | list1 =
{{In space}}
{{Public sector space agencies}}
{{Solar System}}
{{Spaceflight}}
{{Spacecraft by destination}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Space exploration| ]]
[[Category:Spaceflight|Exploration]]

Lilla Akademien

2024-10-14T20:01:35Z

Tegel: Reverted edits by 31.208.29.180 (talk) to last version by Daniela.rausch

{{short description|Swedish children's music school}}
{{Primary sources|date=June 2013}}
{{Coord|59.3459|N|18.0484|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Lilla Akademien
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]]
| established = 1994
| city = Stockholm
| country = Sweden
| website = {{URL|http://www.lillaakademien.se}}
}}

'''Lilla Akademien''' is a music school founded 1994. It is located in [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lillaakademien.se/about-us/ |title=Lilla Akademien |publisher=lillaakademien.se |date=2012-07-18 |accessdate=2012-07-18 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820131516/http://lillaakademien.se/about-us/ |archivedate=2012-08-20 }}</ref>

==History==

Lilla Akademien, translated as "The Junior Academy", specializes in classical, jazz, and to a degree, folk music. Housed in a historic building in the Stockholm district [[Norrmalm (proper)|Norrmalm]], it was founded in 1994 by a group of music teachers.

In its early years, it provided instrumental tuition for young children, but since 1998 it offers full-time tuition in music and regular schooling for children from 6 years and up into adolescence. It eventually expanded to include a [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] or senior [[high school]], and in 2005 the first graduates got their high school diplomas.

In 2006 Lilla Akademien opened a post-gymnasial 'Pre-College' one-year program.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lillaakademien.se/about-us/ |title=Lilla Akademien |publisher=lillaakademien.se |date=2012-07-18 |accessdate=2012-07-18 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820131516/http://lillaakademien.se/about-us/ |archivedate=2012-08-20 }}</ref>

Today, Lilla Akademien offers lessons and courses in the majority of orchestral instruments. Students also receive theoretical musical education, ear training, and lessons in music history and music analysis. It has multiple ensembles and orchestras, which have been on many international tours.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lillaakademien.se/kalendarium/orkesterschema/ |title=Orchestral Calendar |publisher=lillaakademien.se |date=2012-07-18 |accessdate=2012-07-18 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826095613/http://lillaakademien.se/kalendarium/orkesterschema/ |archivedate=2012-08-26 }}</ref>

==External links==
* [http://www.lillaakademien.se/ Lilla Akademien]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Schools in Sweden]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1994]]
[[Category:Gymnasiums (school) in Sweden]]
[[Category:Music schools in Sweden]]
[[Category:Schools in Stockholm]]
[[Category:1994 establishments in Sweden]]

Help:Log

2024-10-13T08:47:17Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 2804:14C:1B3:20DF:E580:D927:E849:FEEA (talk) to last version by Moxy

{{Information page|WP:LOG}}

A Wikipedia '''log''' is an automatically generated list of actions of a certain type, showing when they were performed, by what user, and with respect to what page or other user. Logged actions include page deletions and restorations, page moves (renames), user blocks and unblocks, page protections and unprotections, user account creations, abuse filter reports, and others.

Logs can list actions done '''by''' a user (or IP editor), actions done '''to''' a user (or IP editor), and actions done '''to''' a wiki page.

==Viewing logs==
To view Wikipedia's logs, go to '''[[Special:Log]]'''. From there you can decide which actions you wish to see logged, and filter by certain other parameters, such as date and time, user and affected page. When a log type is selected and you click "Show", the top of the page describes the log. You can also go directly to a selected log with a search term or link like [[Special:Log/block]], which displays the block log. Other parameters that can be used in a similar way include [[Special:Log/delete|delete]], [[Special:Log/move|move]], [[Special:Log/protect|protect]], [[Special:Log/rights|rights]], [[Special:Log/upload|upload]] and [[Special:Log/patrol|patrol]].

A link to the log of actions relating to a particular page can be found on the "View logs for this page" link on the "[[Help:Page history|View history]]" tab at top of the page. A link to the log of actions by a particular user can be found on the left-hand side when the user's talk page or user page is opened. Remember, however, that these are actions ''performed'' by that user; for actions affecting a given user (such as blocks), the username (preceded by "User:") must be entered in the "Title" field of the log page, not the "User" field. (This configuration can be accessed directly from the "View history" tab of the user's userpage.)

==Using a log==
[[File:Screenshot delete log of enwiki on Jun 26 2019.png|1000px]]

# The type of log to display. By default, all public logs will be shown, except the [[Wikipedia:New pages patrol/patrolled pages|patrol]], [[Wikipedia:Pending changes|review]], [[Wikipedia:Tags|tag]] and [[Help:Notifications/Thanks|thanks]] logs. They can be enabled at "Show additional logs" when "All public logs" is selected. The example is set to only show the deletion log, which lists page [[Help:Delete|deletions and undeletions]].
# The '''Performer''' field lets you search the logs for entries that were performed ''by'' a specified user. Type the username of the user you want to look up the logs for.
# The '''Target''' field lets you search the logs for entries that were performed ''on'' a page or user. Type the name of the page you want to look up the logs for. If you want to look up the logs performed ''on'' a user, add '''User:''' (note the colon) to the start of your search query, then type in the username.
# The '''From date''' field can be used to show only the logs created on or before a specified date.
# The '''Tag filter''' allows you to show only logs that have been [[WP:Tags|tagged]] with the specified name of the tag.
# Some logs will have additional filtering options to show only specific kinds of actions. In this case, the deletion log can be further filtered to show only page deletions, page undeletions, [[WP:Revision deletion|revision deletions]], and the overwriting of [[Help:Redirect|redirects]].
# The ''newest / oldest'' links let you quickly jump to the newest log entries or to the oldest log entries. The ''newer n / older n'' links take you to the next or previous page of entries. The blue numbers list the number of entries displayed on the page. You can choose to display 20, 50, 100, 250 or 500 entries at once.
# The date and time of the logged action. The time is [[UTC]] by default on {{SITENAME}}; registered users can change this in their [[Special:Preferences|preferences]].
# The [[Help:Username|username]] or [[IP address]] of the user who performed the action. The ''talk'' link points to their [[Help:Talk page#User talk pages|user talk page]], while the ''contribs'' link points to their [[Help:User contributions|user contributions]] page.
# The type of action performed.
# The name of the page or user that the action was performed on.
# When performing most actions, the user will be prompted to provide an optional summary or explanation of their actions, which will be shown here.
# The [[WP:Tags|tags]] attached to the action, if applicable. Tags are usually automatically added to actions and are used for maintenance or tracking purposes.

==Other sources of logged information==
Log files which are not automatically generated can be found in [[:Category:Wikipedia logs]]. Old log files of actions which have now switched to automatic logging can be found in [[:Category:Wikipedia obsolete log pages]]. Some of these old files are listed by type at [[WP:Block log]], [[WP:Bureaucrat log]], [[WP:Deletion log]], [[WP:Protection log]] and [[WP:Upload log]]. (These actions moved to automatic logging in December 2004.)

Several other pages in the "Special:" namespace (such as [[Special:RecentChanges]]) serve similar functions to those of logs. For these, see [[Help:Special pages]].

Still more information is provided by [[Wikipedia:Database reports]]. For example, [[Wikipedia:Database reports/Users by log action]] contains a list of users ordered by number of logged actions performed.

==See also==
* [[mw:Help:Log|Help:Log]] on MediaWiki.org
* {{Section link|Wikipedia:User scripts/List|Listings}} and {{Section link|Wikipedia:User scripts/List|Logs}}

{{Wikipedia technical help|collapsed}}
[[Category:Wikipedia page history help]]

User talk:Jarry1250

2024-10-13T07:45:07Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 118.173.237.221 (talk) to last version by 115.135.28.35

This is a Wikipedia [[Wikipedia:Talk page|user talk page]].'''
This is not an encyclopedia article or the talk page for an encyclopedia article. If you find this page on any site other than Wikipedia, you are viewing a mirror site. Be aware that the page may be outdated and that the user to whom this talk page belongs to may have no personal affiliation with any site other than Wikipedia itself. The original talk page is located at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}} http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Jarry1250].
<hr />

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*'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jarry1250&action=edit&section=new Please click here to leave me a new message.]'''

|}
</div>
{{User:MiszaBot/config
|maxarchivesize = 100K
|counter = 27
|algo = old(7d)
|archive = User talk:Jarry1250/Archive %(counter)d
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<div style="height:25px;width:100%"></div>

== Good Article list changes ==

For size reasons, part of [[Wikipedia:Good articles/all]] had to be split off into [[Wikipedia:Good articles/all2]]. There was an HTML comment on the page noting that this bot used those transclusions, so it may need to be updated. Thanks! -- [[User:Beland|Beland]] ([[User talk:Beland|talk]]) 20:00, 29 July 2024 (UTC)

:(By "this bot" I mean [[User:LivingBot]]. -- [[User:Beland|Beland]] ([[User talk:Beland|talk]]) 20:00, 29 July 2024 (UTC))

Further changes: [[Special:Diff/1237436963/1240124928]] .. now has a generic warning at the top of the section for all bots. -- [[User:GreenC|'''Green''']][[User talk:GreenC|'''C''']] 17:20, 13 August 2024 (UTC)

:{{ping|Beland}} {{ping|GreenC}} Thanks for the heads up. I've fixed LivingBot (I think). - [[User:Jarry1250|Jarry1250]] [''[[User_talk:Jarry1250|Vacation]] [[Special:Contributions/Jarry1250|needed]]''] 18:24, 31 August 2024 (UTC)

== Administrators' newsletter – September 2024 ==

[[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter|News and updates for administrators]] from the past month (August 2024).

<div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap">
<div style="flex: 1 0 20em">

[[File:Wikipedia Administrator.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Administrator changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] [[Special:Permalink/1242104108#Desysop request (Pppery)|Pppery]]

[[File:Wikipedia Interface administrator.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Interface administrator changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] [[Special:Permalink/1242104108#Desysop request (Pppery)|Pppery]]

</div>
<div style="flex: 1 0 20em">

[[File:ANEWSicon.png|right|150px]]

[[File:Oversight logo.png|20px|alt=]] '''Oversighter changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] [[Special:Diff/1241023887#Changes to the functionaries team, August 2024|Wugapodes]]

[[File:Checkuser Logo.svg|20px|alt=]] '''CheckUser changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] {{hlist|class=inline
|[[Special:Diff/1241023887#Changes to the functionaries team, August 2024|Courcelles]]
|[[Special:Diff/1241023887#Changes to the functionaries team, August 2024|GeneralNotability]]
}}

</div>
</div>

[[File:Green check.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Guideline and policy news'''
* Following an [[Special:Permalink/1241596410#RfC:_enacting_C4_(unused_maintenance_categories)|RfC]], there is a new [[WP:CSD|criterion for speedy deletion]]: [[WP:CSD#C4|C4]], which {{tq|applies to unused maintenance categories, such as empty dated maintenance categories for dates in the past}}.
* A [[Wikipedia talk:Notability (species)#Proposal to adopt this guideline|request for comment]] is open to discuss whether [[Wikipedia:Notability (species)|Notability (species)]] should be adopted as a [[WP:SNG|subject-specific notability guideline]].

[[File:Scale of justice 2.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Arbitration'''
* Following a [[Special:Permalink/1239237654#Motion 2: World War II and the history of Jews in Poland|motion]], [[Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/World War II and the history of Jews in Poland#My very best wishes bans|remedies 5.1 and 5.2 of ''World War II and the history of Jews in Poland'']] (the topic and interaction bans on [[User:My very best wishes|My very best wishes]], respectively) were repealed.
* [[Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/German war effort#Cinderella157 German history topic ban|Remedy 3C]] of the [[Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/German war effort|''German war effort'' case]] ("{{noping|Cinderella157}} German history topic ban") was [[Special:Permalink/1243178496Motion: Cinderella157's topic ban suspended|suspended]] for a period of six months.
* The arbitration case [[Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Historical elections|Historical Elections]] is currently open. Proposed decision is expected by 3 September 2024 for this case.

[[File:Info Simple bw.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Miscellaneous'''
* Editors can now enter into [[Wikipedia:Good article review circles|good article review circles]], an alternative for informal ''[[quid pro quo]]'' arrangements, to have a [[Wikipedia:Good article nominations|GAN]] reviewed in return for reviewing a different editor's nomination.
* A [[Wikipedia:New pages patrol/Backlog drives/September 2024|'''New Pages Patrol backlog drive''']] is happening in September 2024 to reduce the number of unreviewed articles and redirects in the [[Special:NewPagesFeed|new pages feed]]. Currently, there is a backlog of over 13,900 articles and 26,200 redirects awaiting review. [[Wikipedia:New pages patrol/Backlog drives/September 2024/Participants|'''Sign up here to participate!''']]

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{{center|{{flatlist|
* [[Wikipedia talk:Administrators' newsletter|Discuss this newsletter]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter/Subscribe|Subscribe]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter/Archive|Archive]]
}}}}
{{center|1=Sent by [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:44, 2 September 2024 (UTC)}}


== ''The Signpost'': 4 September 2024 ==

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div style="column-count:2;"> {{Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2024-09-04}} </div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> * '''[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' * [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/Single/2024-09-04|Single-page]] * [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/Subscribe|Unsubscribe]] * [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:26, 4 September 2024 (UTC) </div></div>


== ''The Signpost'': 26 September 2024 ==

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div style="column-count:2;"> {{Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2024-09-26}} </div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> * '''[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' * [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/Single/2024-09-26|Single-page]] * [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/Subscribe|Unsubscribe]] * [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 20:09, 26 September 2024 (UTC) </div></div>

:سفاح فلسطين ملك البرمجيه زيد العمارين هلاك الجميع ظبط مصنعa70🤟🏻🤟🏻🇾🇪🇵🇸 [[Special:Contributions/148.153.233.79|148.153.233.79]] ([[User talk:148.153.233.79|talk]]) 18:43, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

== Administrators' newsletter – October 2024 ==

[[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter|News and updates for administrators]] from the past month (September 2024).

[[File:ANEWSicon.png|right|150px]]

[[File:Wikipedia Administrator.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Administrator changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-add.svg|20px|alt=added|Added]] {{hlist|class=inline
|[[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Asilvering|Asilvering]]
|[[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Significa liberdade|Significa liberdade]]
}}
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] {{hlist|class=inline
|[[Special:PermaLink/1243351441#Wikipedia:Inactive administrators/2024#September 2024|Good Olfactory]]
|[[Special:PermaLink/1243351441#Wikipedia:Inactive administrators/2024#September 2024|Hesperian]]
|[[Special:PermaLink/1243351441#Wikipedia:Inactive administrators/2024#September 2024|I JethroBT]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1246173614#Lost password on admin account|TommyBoy]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1244096990#Desysop request (Woody)|Woody]]
}}

[[File:Checkuser Logo.svg|20px|alt=]] '''CheckUser changes'''
:[[File:Gnome-colors-view-refresh.svg|20px|alt=readded|Readded]] {{hlist|class=inline
|[[Special:Permalink/1244158429#Change to the Functionary team|Barkeep49]]
|[[Special:Permalink/1248114839#Changes to the CheckUser team, September 2024|Izno]]
}}
:[[File:Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg|20px|alt=removed|Removed]] {{hlist|class=inline
|[[Special:Permalink/1245151768#Change to the Checkuser team|Doug Weller]]
|[[m:Special:Permalink/27415814#Spicy@enwiki|Spicy]]
}}

[[File:Green check.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Guideline and policy news'''
*[[Wikipedia:Administrator elections|Administrator elections]] are a proposed new process for selecting administrators, offering an alternative to [[WP:RFA|requests for adminship]] (RfA). The first trial election will take place in October 2024, with [[Wikipedia:Administrator elections/October 2024/Call for candidates|candidate sign-up]] from October 8 to 14, a [[Wikipedia:Administrator elections/October 2024/Discussion phase|discussion phase]] from October 22 to 24, and [[meta:SecurePoll|SecurePoll voting]] from October 25 to 31. For questions or to help out, please visit the talk page at [[Wikipedia talk:Administrator elections]].
* Following [[Wikipedia talk:Criteria for speedy deletion#"File pages without a corresponding file"|a discussion]], the speedy deletion reason "File pages without a corresponding file" has been moved from criterion [[WP:CSD#G8|G8]] to [[WP:CSD#F2|F2]]. This does not change what can be speedily deleted.
* A [[Wikipedia:Village pump (policy)#Administrator Recall|request for comment]] is open to discuss whether there is a consensus to have an [[Wikipedia:Administrator recall|administrator recall]] process.

[[File:Scale of justice 2.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Arbitration'''
* The arbitration case ''[[Special:Permalink/1245898405#Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Historical elections closed|Historical elections]]'' has been closed.
* An arbitration case regarding [[Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Backlash to diversity and inclusion|Backlash to diversity and inclusion]] has been opened.
* Editors are invited to '''[[Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Arbitration Committee Elections December 2024/Electoral Commission|nominate themselves]]''' to serve on the 2024 Arbitration Committee Electoral Commission until ''23:59 October 8, 2024 (UTC)''.

[[File:Info Simple bw.svg|20px|alt=]] '''Miscellaneous'''
* If you are interested in stopping spammers, please put [[MediaWiki talk:Spam-whitelist]] and [[MediaWiki talk:Spam-blacklist]] on your watchlist, and help out when you can.

----
{{center|{{flatlist|
* [[Wikipedia talk:Administrators' newsletter|Discuss this newsletter]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter/Subscribe|Subscribe]]
* [[Wikipedia:Administrators' newsletter/Archive|Archive]]
}}}}
{{center|1=Sent by [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:59, 2 October 2024 (UTC)}}


@ [[Special:Contributions/115.135.28.35|115.135.28.35]] ([[User talk:115.135.28.35|talk]]) 15:32, 8 October 2024 (UTC)

Wikipedia:Wiki Loves Women/Suggested articles

2024-10-10T20:29:20Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 14.247.195.91 (talk) to last version by WOSlinker

{{WikiProject Wiki Loves Women tabbed header}}

<h1 style="margin:10; border-bottom:0; color:teal;">
Suggested Articles
[[File:Wiki Loves Women Logo.png|100px]]
</h1>

__TOC__

==Using Wikidata==
{{main|Wikipedia:WikiProject Women/Women in Red/Missing articles by nationality/Africa}}

===In Uganda===
{{Wikipedia:WikiProject Wiki Loves Women/Suggested articles/Uganda}}

===In Tanzania===
{{Wikipedia:WikiProject Wiki Loves Women/Suggested articles/Tanzania}}

===In Nigeria===
{{Wikipedia:WikiProject Wiki Loves Women/Suggested articles/Nigeria}}

===In Ghana===
{{Wikipedia:WikiProject Wiki Loves Women/Suggested articles/Ghana}}

===In Cameroon===
{{Wikipedia:WikiProject Wiki Loves Women/Suggested articles/Cameroon}}

===In Côte d'Ivoire===
{{Wikipedia:WikiProject Wiki Loves Women/Suggested articles/Côte d'Ivoire}}

===In Burkina Faso===
{{Wikipedia:WikiProject Wiki Loves Women/Suggested articles/Burkina Faso}}

{{Wiki Loves Women}}

[[Category:WikiProject Wiki Loves Women| ]]

Wikipedia:WikiProject Wiki Loves Women/Global Online Drives

2024-10-10T20:29:18Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 14.247.195.91 (talk) to last version by Anthere

{{WikiProject Wiki Loves Women tabbed header}}
[[File:Checkered flags.svg|right|100px]]
'''Wiki Loves Women Online Drives'''
* [https://isa.toolforge.org/campaigns/94 ISA campaign Tell Us About Her] (2021)
* [[m:Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid|#SheSaid campaign]] (2020)
* [https://tools.wmflabs.org/isa/campaigns/53 Tell Us About Her campaign] (2020)
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Wiki Loves Women/Women in Sport|#19Women in Sport]] (2019)
* [[m:Women Occupation Drive|#18Women Occupation Drive]] (2018)
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:WikiProject:Wiki Loves Women/African feminists|#17African feminists]] (2017)
* [[m:16 African Women Translate-a-thon|#16WikiWomen Translation Drive]] (2016)
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wiki Loves Women/Writing Contest|#15Challenge Concours d’écriture]] (2015)

'''Collaborations with other projects:'''
* [[m:WikiGap Nigeria Online Challenge|WikiGap Nigeria Online Challenge]] (2020)
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:WikiProject Wiki Loves Women/Occupations|African Occupations, AfroCine drive]] (2018)
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Africa/The Africa Destubathon|The Africa Destubathon]] (2016)

[[Category:WikiProject Wiki Loves Women]]

Epic Systems

2024-10-10T20:29:15Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 14.247.195.91 (talk) to last version by 66.170.30.219

{{Short description|American healthcare software company}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2017}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox company
| logo = Epic Systems.svg
| logo_size =
| name = Epic Systems Corporation
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| foundation = [[Madison, Wisconsin]], United States ({{start date and age|1979}})<ref name="Eisen-Epic Tale">{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailypage.com/isthmus/article.php?article=22980|title=Epic Systems: Epic Tale|last=Eisen|first=Mark|date=June 20, 2008|newspaper=[[Isthmus (newspaper)|Isthmus]]|access-date=December 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219050808/http://www.thedailypage.com/isthmus/article.php?article=22980|archive-date=December 19, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
| founder = [[Judith Faulkner]]
| location_city = [[Verona, Wisconsin]]
| location_country = United States
| key_people = Judith Faulkner, Founder & CEO Carl Dvorak, President
| industry = [[Information technology]] [[Health informatics]]
| products = 
| revenue = $4.6 billion (2022)<ref name="Forbes">{{cite news|title=#207 Judy Faulkner|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/judy-faulkner/#7acb4f733b81|newspaper=[[Forbes]]|access-date=October 28, 2019}}</ref>
| num_employees = 13,000 (2023)<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nbc15.com/2023/03/09/epic-systems-bring-1700-more-jobs-verona-campus/|title= Epic Systems to bring 1,700 more jobs to Verona campus
|author=Mackenzie Davis|date=March 8, 2023
|access-date=November 7, 2023}}</ref>
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.epic.com/}}
}}

'''Epic Systems Corporation''' (commonly known as '''Epic''') is an American [[Privately held company|privately held]] healthcare software company. According to the company, hospitals that use its software held [[Medical record|medical records]] of 78% of patients in the United States and over 3% of patients worldwide in 2022.<ref name="Glaze">{{cite news |last1=Adams |first1=Katie |date=April 12, 2021 |title=31 Numbers That Show How Big Epic, Cerner, Allscripts & Meditech Are in Healthcare |language=English |newspaper=Becker's Hospital Review |url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-information-technology/31-numbers-that-show-how-big-epic-cerner-allscripts-meditech-are-in-healthcare.html |access-date=June 12, 2022}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Epic Systems 112109 Sign.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Epic headquarters in Verona, Wisconsin.]]
Epic was founded in 1979 by [[Judith Faulkner|Judith R. Faulkner]]<ref name="Isthmus">{{cite news | last=Eisen | first=Marc | title=Epic Systems Corporation: An Epic timeline | newspaper=Isthmus | date=June 20, 2008 | access-date=February 20, 2009 |url=http://www.thedailypage.com/isthmus/article.php?article=22984 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522124202/http://www.thedailypage.com/isthmus/article.php?article=22984 | archive-date=May 22, 2011 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> with a $70,000 investment<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://archive.jsonline.com/business/epic-systems-soars-with-transition-to-electronic-health-records-b99642837z1-366328781.html|title=Epic Systems soars with transition to electronic health records|access-date=November 15, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116015920/http://archive.jsonline.com/business/epic-systems-soars-with-transition-to-electronic-health-records-b99642837z1-366328781.html|archive-date=November 16, 2016|url-status=live |first=Guy |last=Boulton |location=Verona |date=January 24, 2016}}</ref> ({{Inflation|US|70000|1979|r=-4|fmt=eq}}). Originally headquartered in [[Madison, Wisconsin]], Epic moved its headquarters to a large campus in the suburb of [[Verona, Wisconsin]] in 2005,<ref name="MJS">{{cite news | last=Boulton | first=Guy | title=Epic Systems' $300 million expansion tangible sign of success | newspaper=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]] | date=August 24, 2008 | access-date=January 28, 2016 |url=http://www.jsonline.com/news/wisconsin/32597729.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204033442/http://www.jsonline.com/news/wisconsin/32597729.html | archive-date=February 4, 2016 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> where it employs 13,000 people as of 2023.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://biztimes.com/epic-systems-gearing-up-for-yet-another-expansion-in-verona/|title=Epic Systems gearing up for yet another expansion in Verona|last1=Thomas|first1=Arthur|date=October 3, 2019|access-date=October 3, 2019|publisher=Milwaukee Biz Times}}</ref> The campus has themed areas/buildings, such as a castle-like structure, a shipwreck-themed building, a "Wizard Campus" that appears to be inspired by J.K. Rowling's ''Harry Potter'', and a dining facility designed to mimic a train station.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/epiccampus|title=A Corporate Campus Straight Out of a Fantasy Novel|website=[[Atlas Obscura]]|access-date=December 22, 2021}}</ref>

As of 2015, the company was in the fifth phase of campus expansion with five new buildings each planned to be around 100,000 square feet.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glaze|first=Jeff |title=Epic Systems draws on literature greats for its next expansion |url=https://madison.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/epic-systems-draws-on-literature-greats-for-its-next-expansion/article_4d1cf67c-2abf-5cfd-8ce1-2da60ed84194.html |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=madison.com |date=January 6, 2015 |language=en}}</ref> The company also has offices in [[Bristol]], UK; {{nobr|[['s-Hertogenbosch]]}}, Netherlands; [[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates; [[Dhahran]], Saudi Arabia; [[Helsinki]], Finland; [[Melbourne]], Australia; [[Singapore]]; [[Trondheim]], Norway; and [[Søborg]], Denmark.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.epic.com/contact|title=Epic - Contact|website=Epic.com}}</ref>

==Product and market==
Epic primarily develops, manufactures, licenses, supports, and sells a proprietary [[electronic medical record]] software application, known in whole as 'Epic' or as Epic EMR. The company's healthcare software is centered on its Chronicles [[database management system]]. Epic's applications support functions related to patient care, including registration and scheduling; clinical systems for doctors, nurses, emergency personnel, and other care providers; systems for lab technologists, pharmacists, and radiologists; and billing systems for insurers. MyChart is used by patients to access doctors’ records, schedule appointments, review and re-fill medications, message their care team, and for billing purposes. It is used by 150 million patients across the US.<ref>{{cite news |title=Paymentus Enhances Healthcare Billing and Payments Integration With Epic MyChart |url=https://thefintechtimes.com/paymentus-enhances-healthcare-billing-and-payments-integration-with-epic-mychart/ |access-date=8 October 2022 |publisher=Fintech Times |date=6 October 2022 |first=Tyler |last=Pathe}}</ref>

The majority of [[U.S. News & World Report Best Hospitals Rankings|U.S. News & World Report's top-ranked hospitals]] and medical schools use Epic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/ehrs/all-of-us-news-top-20-hospitals-use-epic.html|title=All of US News' top 20 hospitals use Epic|last=Spitzer|first=Julie|date=August 16, 2018|website=Becker's Hospital Review}}</ref> Among many others, Epic provides electronic record systems for [[Cedars-Sinai Medical Center]] in [[Los Angeles]], the [[Cleveland Clinic]], [[Johns Hopkins Hospital]],<ref name="nyt">{{cite news |last=Freudenheim |first=Milt |date=January 14, 2012 |title=Digitizing Health Records, Before It Was Cool |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/15/business/epic-systems-digitizing-health-records-before-it-was-cool.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&smid=fb-share |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225030749/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/15/business/epic-systems-digitizing-health-records-before-it-was-cool.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&smid=fb-share |archive-date=December 25, 2016 |access-date=September 26, 2014 |newspaper=The New York Times |df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[UC Davis Medical Center]] in Sacramento, [[Kaiser Permanente]],<ref name="nyt" /> and all [[Mayo Clinic]] campuses.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Madson |first=Rhoda |date=October 8, 2018|title=Mayo Clinic completes installation of Epic electronic health record|url=https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-completes-installation-of-epic-electronic-health-record/|access-date=2020-08-30|website=Mayo Clinic|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Partners HealthCare]] began adopting Epic in 2015 in a project initially reported to cost $1.2 billion, which critics decried and which is greater than the cost of its buildings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2016/05/16/partners-healthcare-new-computer-challenges-some-doctors-nurses/1I4QsWGjCJ97xFmUbcDbaJ/story.html|title=Partners HealthCare's new computer system challenges some doctors, nurses - The Boston Globe|date=May 16, 2016|website=Boston Globe |first=Priyanka |last=Dayal McCluskey|access-date=May 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415080434/https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2016/05/16/partners-healthcare-new-computer-challenges-some-doctors-nurses/1I4QsWGjCJ97xFmUbcDbaJ/story.html|archive-date=April 15, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> By 2018, the total expenses for the project were $1.6 billion, with payments for the software itself amounting to less than $100 million and the majority of the costs caused by lost patient revenues, tech support and other implementation work.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/11/12/why-doctors-hate-their-computers|title=Why Doctors Hate Their Computers|last=Gawande|first=Atul|magazine=The New Yorker|access-date=November 7, 2018|language=en-US|author-link=Atul Gawande |date=5 November 2018}}</ref> In 2022, [[Emory Healthcare]], [[Baptist Health (Jacksonville)|Baptist Health]] and [[Memorial Hermann Health System]] switched to Epic from [[Cerner]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Why big health systems are moving to Epic |url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/ehrs/why-big-health-systems-are-moving-to-epic.html |access-date=18 October 2022 |publisher=Becker's Health IT |date=17 October 2022}}</ref>

Epic also offers [[cloud hosting]] for customers that do not wish to maintain their own servers;<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pifer |first1=Rebecca |date=14 November 2022 |title=Google, Epic partnering to allow Epic hospital clients to run EHRs on Google Cloud |url=https://www.healthcaredive.com/news/google-epic-cloud-partnership-host-ehr-hackensack/636400/ |access-date=11 July 2023 |work=Healthcare Dive}}</ref> and short-term optimization and implementation consultants through their wholly-owned subsidiary Boost, Inc.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}

The company's competitors include [[Cerner]], [[MEDITECH]], [[Allscripts]], [[athenahealth]], and units of [[IBM]], [[McKesson Corporation|McKesson]], and [[Siemens]].<ref name="nyt" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Jack |title=Veritas Capital Closes Athenahealth Acquisition |url=https://www.healthleadersmedia.com/finance/veritas-capital-closes-athenahealth-acquisition |access-date=2021-02-08 |website=Health Leaders |language=en}}</ref>

==Epic analytic tools and data resources==
Epic has several data resources and analytic tools. Cogito is the analytic environment consisting of the Epic [[data warehouse]] and analytic capabilities. The different levels of the database architecture are Chronicles, Clarity and Caboodle.<ref>{{Cite web |title=eHealth Glossary - Cogito |url=https://ehealth.connect-care.ca/epic-systems/epic-analytic-tools/cogito |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=ehealth.connect-care.ca |language=en-US}}</ref> Chronicles is Epic's real-time database; the data the user enters is immediately available in Chronicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=eHealth Glossary - Chronicles |url=https://ehealth.connect-care.ca/epic-systems/epic-analytic-tools/chronicles |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=ehealth.connect-care.ca |language=en-US}}</ref> Clarity is a [[relational database]] and Caboodle is an enterprise data warehouse platform.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Epic Data Resources {{!}} Vanderbilt Clinical Informatics Center |url=https://www.vumc.org/vclic/epic-data-resources |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=www.vumc.org}}</ref> These databases can be queried using a variety of tools within Cogito such as Reporting Workbench<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools: Epic- Reporting Workbench |url=https://health.ucdavis.edu/data/epic-reporting-workbench.html |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=health.ucdavis.edu}}</ref> and SlicerDicer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-16 |title=SlicerDicer |url=https://it.uclahealth.org/about/ohia/products/slicerdicer |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=UCLA Health IT |language=en}}</ref>

==Criticisms and controversies==

===Profit maximization and provider fatigue===
[[Robert Kuttner]] writes for ''[[The American Prospect]]'' that Epic's market dominance is driven by its software's ability to maximize profits for hospitals by facilitating [[upcoding]], a form of healthcare fraud.<ref name="kuttner">{{cite web |last1=Kuttner |first1=Robert |title=An Epic Dystopia |url=https://prospect.org/health/2024-10-01-epic-dystopia/ |publisher=The American Prospect |access-date=8 October 2024}}</ref> The [[Department of Health and Human Services]] found that from 2014 to 2019, the number of inpatient stays billed at the highest severity level increased almost 20%, while stays billed at lower severity levels decreased.<ref name="hhs">{{cite web |title=Trend Toward More Expensive Inpatient Hospital Stays in Medicare Emerged Before COVID-19 and Warrants Further Scrutiny |url=https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/OEI-02-18-00380.pdf |website=oig.hhs.gov |access-date=8 October 2024}}</ref>

Kuttner argues that this drive for profit maximization leads to providers spending two hours entering data for every hour they spend with patients, including significant time outside of working hours. Based on interviews with providers, much of this data is clinically irrelevant.<ref name="kuttner"/> While Epic provides time-saving tools, one hospital executive argues that these are attempts to solve problems exacerbated by Epic.<ref name="kuttner"/> Kuttner also reports that providers are faced with time-consuming training, [[alert fatigue]], and mistakes stemming from copying and pasting from previous notes, ultimately leading to burnout and early retirements.<ref name="kuttner"/>

[[David Blumenthal]], the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology from 2009 to 2011, said "The customers [of EHRs] were the chief information officers and the chief executives of hospitals, not doctors. Their principal goal was to protect revenues. Systems like Epic were not designed to improve quality because there was no financial incentive to do so at the time."<ref name="kuttner"/>

===Data sharing and anti-competitive practices===
Care Everywhere is Epic's health information exchange software, which comes with its electronic health record (EHR, or EMR) system.<ref name="Sullivan"/> A 2014 article in ''[[The New York Times]]'' interviews two doctors who said that their Epic systems would not allow them to share data with users of competitors' software in a way that will satisfy the [[Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act#Meaningful use|Meaningful Use]] requirements of the [[Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act|HITECH Act]]. At first, Epic charged a fee to send data to some non-Epic systems.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Creswell|first1=Julie|title=Doctors Find Barriers to Sharing Digital Medical Records|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/01/business/digital-medical-records-become-common-but-sharing-remains-challenging.html?_r=0|access-date=January 23, 2015|work=The New York Times|date=September 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123193909/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/01/business/digital-medical-records-become-common-but-sharing-remains-challenging.html?_r=0|archive-date=January 23, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Epic said the yearly cost for an average-sized hospital was around $5,000 a year.<ref name="Sullivan">{{cite news|last1=Sullivan|first1=Mark|title=Saying Epic is a Closed System is an Oversimplification|url=https://venturebeat.com/2014/12/08/saying-epic-is-a-closed-health-records-system-is-an-oversimplification/|access-date=January 23, 2015|publisher=Venture Beat|date=December 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125031558/http://venturebeat.com/2014/12/08/saying-epic-is-a-closed-health-records-system-is-an-oversimplification/|archive-date=January 25, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> However, after Congressional hearings, Epic and other major software vendors announced that they would suspend per-transaction sharing fees.<ref name="mj">{{cite news|last=Caldwell|first=Patrick|title=EPIC FAIL. Digitizing America's medical records was supposed to help patients and save money. Why hasn't that happened?|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/10/epic-systems-judith-faulkner-hitech-ehr-interoperability|access-date=September 6, 2017|newspaper=Mother Jones|date=October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907123445/http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/10/epic-systems-judith-faulkner-hitech-ehr-interoperability/|archive-date=September 7, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Epic customers must still pay for one-time costs of linking Epic to each individual non-Epic system with which they wish to exchange data; in contrast, Epic's competitors have formed the CommonWell Health Alliance which set a common [[Interoperability#Software|Interoperability Software]] standard for electronic health records.<ref name="mj" /> A 2014 report by the [[RAND Corporation]] noted the software was difficult and costly to use in conjunction with other billing systems.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kobb |first1=Enesha |last2=Sauser |first2=Kori |title=Electronic Health Records |year=2014 |publisher=RAND |url=http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR300/RR308/RAND_RR308.casestudies.pdf |access-date=March 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322113344/http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR300/RR308/RAND_RR308.casestudies.pdf |archive-date=March 22, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> The report also cited other research showing that Epic's implementation in the [[Kaiser Permanente]] system led to efficiency losses.

In September 2017, Epic announced Share Everywhere, which allows patients to authorize any provider who has internet access to view their record in Epic and to send progress notes back.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.jsonline.com/story/money/business/health-care/2017/11/10/epic-systems-share-everywhere-medical-records-doctors/805805001/|title=Epic Systems lets patients share medical records with doctors around the world|newspaper=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|access-date=November 16, 2017|date=November 10, 2017|first=Guy|last=Boulton}}</ref> Share Everywhere was named Healthcare Dive's "Health IT Development of the Year" in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.healthcaredive.com/news/health-it-development-of-the-year-epics-share-everywhere/511124/|title=Health IT Development of the Year: Epic's Share Everywhere|last=Muchmore|first=Shannon|date=December 4, 2017|website=Healthcare Dive}}</ref>

In September 2024, Particle Health, a healthcare startup, filed suit accusing Epic of antitrust violations stemming from Epic's position in sharing health data with third parties.<ref name="scarcella2024">{{cite news |last1=Scarcella |first1=Mike |title=Healthcare software giant Epic hit with lawsuit over US patient records |url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/healthcare-software-giant-epic-hit-with-lawsuit-over-us-patient-records-2024-09-23/ |access-date=8 October 2024 |work=Reuters |date=23 September 2024}}</ref> Prior to this lawsuit, critics had questioned whether Epic operates as a monopoly.<ref name="kuttner"/><ref name="jennings2024">{{cite news |last1=Jennings |first1=Katie |title=Healthcare Software Company Epic Faces First Antitrust Suit For Alleged Monopoly Activity |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiejennings/2024/09/27/healthcare-software-company-epic-faces-first-antitrust-suit-for-alleged-monopoly-activity/ |access-date=8 October 2024 |work=Forbes |date=27 September 2024}}</ref>

=== Implementation difficulties ===

==== UK experience ====
An Epic [[electronic health record]] system costing £200 million was installed at [[Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust]] in October 2014, the first installation of an Epic system in the UK.<ref name=BBCAdd/><ref name="Major Incident">{{cite news|title='Major incident' declared for flagship IT project|url=http://www.hsj.co.uk/hsj-local/acute-trusts/cambridge-university-hospitals-nhs-foundation-trust/major-incident-declared-for-flagship-it-project/5077079.article#.VJl7FF4gA|access-date=December 23, 2014|publisher=Health Service Journal|date=November 25, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223163751/http://www.hsj.co.uk/hsj-local/acute-trusts/cambridge-university-hospitals-nhs-foundation-trust/major-incident-declared-for-flagship-it-project/5077079.article#.VJl7FF4gA|archive-date=December 23, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

After 2.1 million records were transferred to Epic systems, it developed serious problems and the system became unstable.<ref>{{cite news|title=The NHS's chaotic IT systems show no sign of recovery|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/dec/21/nhs-it-system-failings-addenbrookes-john-naughton|access-date=December 21, 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|date=December 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221194550/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/dec/21/nhs-it-system-failings-addenbrookes-john-naughton|archive-date=December 21, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Ambulances were diverted to other hospitals for five hours and hospital consultants noted issues with blood transfusion and pathology services.<ref>{{cite news|title=Addenbrooke's consultants reveal eHospital concerns in letter to management|url=http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/Addenbrooke-8217-s-consultants-reveal-eHospital/story-25546229-detail/story.html|access-date=December 21, 2014|publisher=Cambridge News|date=December 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103204232/http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/Addenbrooke-8217-s-consultants-reveal-eHospital/story-25546229-detail/story.html|archive-date=January 3, 2015|url-status=dead |first=Freya |last=Leng}}</ref> Other problems included delays to emergency care and appointments, and problems with discharge letters, clinical letters and pathology test results.<ref name="Major Incident" /> Chief information officer, Afzal Chaudhry, said "well over 90% of implementation proceeded successfully".<ref name=BBCAdd>{{cite news|title=Addenbrooke's Hospital paperless system's 'significant problems' reported|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-30178011|access-date=December 21, 2014|work=BBC News|date=November 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127203214/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-30178011|archive-date=November 27, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2015, the BBC reported that the hospital's finances were being investigated.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-33735417|title=Addenbrooke's Hospital's e-hospital finances investigated|date=July 31, 2015|access-date=May 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203183256/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-33735417|archive-date=December 3, 2016|url-status=live|work=BBC News}}</ref> In September 2015, both the CEO and CFO of the hospital resigned.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-34249646|title=Addenbrooke's Hospital chief executive Keith McNeil resigns|date=September 14, 2015|access-date=May 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817054111/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-34249646|archive-date=August 17, 2017|url-status=live|work=BBC News}}</ref> Problems with the clinical-records system, which were said to have compromised the "ability to report, highlight and take action on data" and to prescribe medication properly, were held to be contributory factors in the organization's sudden failure.<ref>{{cite news|title=Addenbrooke's and Rosie hospitals' patients 'put at risk'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-34317265|access-date=October 3, 2015|work=BBC News|date=September 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924222117/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-34317265|archive-date=September 24, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2016, digitalhealth.net reported that [[Clare Marx]], president of the [[Royal College of Surgeons of England]] and member of the NHS [[National Information Governance Board for Health and Social Care|National Information Board]], found that at the time of implementation, "staff, patients and management rapidly and catastrophically lost confidence in the system. That took months and a huge amount of effort to rebuild."<ref>{{cite news|last1=McBeth|first1=Rebecca|title=EPR implementation led to 'catastrophic loss of confidence'|url=https://www.digitalhealth.net/2016/02/epr-implementation-led-to-catastrophic-loss-of-confidence/'|access-date=March 7, 2016|publisher=Digital Health Intelligence Limited|date=February 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160228072716/http://www.digitalhealth.net/clinical_software/47217/epr-implementation-led-to-'catastrophic-loss-of-confidence'|archive-date=February 28, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Danish experience ====
In 2016, Danish health authorities spent 2.8 billion [[Danish currency|DKK]] on the implementation of Epic in 18 hospitals in a region with 2.8 million residents.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.digi.no/artikler/har-brukt-2-8-milliarder-pa-ny-plattform-ikke-mulig-a-tro-at-profesjonelle-aktorer-er-i-stand-til-a-lage-et-sa-elendig-produkt/440508|title=Har brukt 2,8 milliarder på ny plattform: – Ikke mulig å tro at profesjonelle aktører er i stand til å lage et så elendig produkt|work=Digi.no|access-date=June 25, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625161017/https://www.digi.no/artikler/har-brukt-2-8-milliarder-pa-ny-plattform-ikke-mulig-a-tro-at-profesjonelle-aktorer-er-i-stand-til-a-lage-et-sa-elendig-produkt/440508?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter-2018-06-23|archive-date=June 25, 2018|language=no}}</ref><ref name="Allen"/> On May 20, Epic went live in the first hospital. Doctors and nurses reported chaos in the hospital and complained of a lack of preparation and training.<ref name="Allen">{{Cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/06/06/epic-denmark-health-1510223|title=Lost in translation: Epic goes to Denmark|last=Allen|first=Arthur|work=POLITICO|language=en|access-date=2020-03-22 |date=9 June 2019}}</ref>

Since some elements of the Epic system were not properly translated from English to Danish, physicians resorted to [[Google Translate]]. As one example, when inputting information about a patient's condition, physicians were given the option to report between the left and the "correct" leg, not the left and right legs. As of 2019, Epic had still not been fully integrated with Denmark's national medical record system. Danish anesthesiologist and computer architect Gert Galster worked to adapt the system. According to Galster, these Epic systems were designed specifically to fit the [[Health care in the United States|U.S. health care]] system, and could not be disentangled for use in Denmark.<ref name="Allen"/>

An audit of the implementation that voiced concerns was published in June 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurosai.org/en/databases/audits/Report-on-Sundhedsplatformen/|title=Report on Sundhedsplatformen|website=Eurosai.org|access-date=December 22, 2021}}</ref> At the end of 2018, 62% of physicians expressed they were not satisfied with the system and 71 physicians signed a petition calling for its removal.<ref name="Allen"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.berlingske.dk/content/item/1338165|title=Blå blok vil droppe Sundhedsplatformen: "Har gjort det værre for sundhedspersonale og patienter i stedet for at gøre det bedre"|last1=Christensen|first1=Mikkel Fyhn|last2=Sturlason|first2=Astrid Sofie|date=January 23, 2019|website=Berlingske.dk}}</ref>

==== Finnish experience ====
In 2012, the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS) decided to replace several smaller health record systems with one district-wide system created by Epic. It was called Apotti and would be used by healthcare and social services for the 2.2 million residents in the HUS area. The Apotti system was selected as the provider in 2015 and implementation started in 2018. By November 2022, the Apotti system had cost 625 million euros.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-05 |title=Kuukausiliite {{!}} Näin Apotista tuli hengenvaarallinen epäonnistuminen |url=https://www.hs.fi/kuukausiliite/art-2000009144930.html |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=Helsingin Sanomat |language=fi}}</ref>

After the implementation, complaints from healthcare workers, especially from doctors, started accumulating. The system was accused of being too complicated and that its convoluted UI was endangering patient safety. For example, one patient was administered the wrong chemotherapeutic drug due to an unclear selection menu in the system.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-06 |title=Potilas joutui hengenvaaraan väärän syöpälääkkeen takia – lääkärit kertovat Ylelle, miten Apotin erilaisia ongelmia on peitelty |url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12558404 |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=Yle Uutiset |language=fi}}</ref>

In July 2022, a formal complaint demanding that the issues in the system be fixed or the system be removed entirely was sent to the Finnish health care supervising body Valvira. The complaint was signed by 619 doctors, the majority of whom were employees of the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS) and users of Apotti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-05 |title=Yli 600 lääkäriä vaatii Apotti-järjestelmästä luopumista tai ongelmien korjaamista – poikkeuksellinen kantelu saapui Valviraan |url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12608890 |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=Yle Uutiset |language=fi}}</ref>

==== Swiss experience ====
Luzerner Kantonsspital (today LUKS Gruppe) was the first hospital in Switzerland to introduce Epic in any German speaking country worldwide in September 2019. In March 2024 Inselspital (Insel Gruppe) in Berne followed. Using the full potential of the Epic software including AI applications is challenging for both groups.

==== Norwegian experience ====
Central Norway started introducing Epic (branded “Helseplattformen”) in November 2022. After approximately two months, the public broadcaster [[NRK]] reported that around 25% of the doctors at the region's main hospital considered quitting their job, and that 40% were experiencing stress related health issues due to the new IT system.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lindsetmo, Ørnhaug & Opsal |date=2022-03-22 |title=70 leger er på jobbjakt: – Har en følelse av at ting ikke blir bedre |work=NRK |url=https://www.nrk.no/trondelag/70-leger-soker-aktivt-ny-jobb-ved-st.-olavs-hospital-etter-innforingen-av-helseplattformen-1.16348026 |access-date=2022-03-23}}</ref> Previously, health personnel actively demonstrated against the software by marching through the city of Trondheim.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-10-17 |title=Demonstrerte mot Helseplattformen |work=NRK |url=https://www.nrk.no/trondelag/demonstrerte-mot-helseplattformen-1.16142412 |access-date=2023-03-23}}</ref> Due to the chaos ensuing the introduction, including 16.000 letters not being sent to patients, the Norwegian CEO of the Helseplattformen IT project, Torbjørg Vanvik, had her employment ended by the board.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-09 |title=Sjefen for Helseplattformen går av |work=NRK |url=https://www.nrk.no/trondelag/sjefen-for-helseplattformen-gar-av-1.16328152 |access-date=2023-03-23}}</ref> Unexpected cost increases forced the authorities to decrease efforts in other areas, such as a planned initiative on mental health.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hilde |first=Skjesol |date=2023-05-24 |title=Omstridt datasystem tapper landets fjerde største sykehus for penger - rammer satsing på psykisk helse |work=NRK |url=https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/i/WRdoa2/omstridt-datasystem-tapper-landets-fjerde-stoerste-sykehus-for-penger-rammer-satsing-paa-psykisk-helse |access-date=2023-05-24}}</ref> Employee representatives state that the public will receive ”significantly worse services“.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Skjesol |first=Hilde |date=2023-02-04 |title=Drastiske kutt på landets fjerde største sykehus: – Vi kan ikke fortsette slik |work=Aftenposten |url=https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/i/on7qPW/drastiske-kutt-paa-landets-fjerde-stoerste-sykehus-vi-kan-ikke-fortsette-slik |access-date=2023-05-24}}</ref> A year after implementation over 90% of doctors in the affected hospitals considered the Epic system a threat to patient health,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hatland |first=Lena Erikke |date=2023-09-27 |title=Ny undersøkelse om Helseplattformen – ni av ti leger mener pasientsikkerheten er truet |url=https://www.nrk.no/trondelag/ny-undersokelse-om-helseplattformen-_-ni-av-ti-leger-mener-pasientsikkerheten-er-truet-1.16573375 |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref> and hospital staff organised large protests at seven hospitals that had or were planning on implementing Epic systems.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hatland |first=Lena Erikke |date=2023-09-27 |title=Ny undersøkelse om Helseplattformen – ni av ti leger mener pasientsikkerheten er truet |url=https://www.nrk.no/trondelag/ny-undersokelse-om-helseplattformen-_-ni-av-ti-leger-mener-pasientsikkerheten-er-truet-1.16573375 |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref>

=== COVID-19 response ===
In 2020, the novel [[COVID-19|coronavirus]] pandemic spread in the United States. Epic Systems faced considerable criticism for their initial plan to have their 10,000 employees return to work on-campus.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/coronavirus/ct-biz-coronavirus-epic-systems-wfh-office-20200804-kq3zs2iewjdjrdlzkmrcp3e7fi-story.html|title=Wisconsin-based Epic Systems ordering its 9,000-plus workers back to the office, though some employees fear 'untold deaths'|work=Chicago Tribune|language=en|access-date=2020-08-05 |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Employees expressed concern about returning to the office, with the first group being required to return as early as August 10 while the pandemic continued to spread.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://madison.com/wsj/business/epic-systems-employees-decry-ceos-decision-to-call-workers-back-to-the-office/article_9992c40c-c6e9-5c3e-842d-1e3cf5625ce4.html|title=Epic Systems employees decry CEO's decision to call workers back to the office|last=Mesch|first=Shelley|work=Wisconsin State Journal|language=en|access-date=2020-08-05}}</ref> This plan was abandoned temporarily, and as of December 2020, employees were still able to work from home.<ref name="Farr 2020">{{cite web | last=Farr | first=Christina | title=Epic Systems walks back plans requiring thousands of employees to return to work this week | website=CNBC | date=2020-08-10 | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/08/10/epic-systems-walks-back-plans-requiring-employees-to-return-to-work.html | access-date=2020-12-13}}</ref> The plan had come about despite a Dane County public health order requiring remote work "to the greatest extent possible."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.publichealthmdc.com/documents/2020-07-07_Order_8.pdf|title=ORDER OF PUBLIC HEALTH MADISON & DANE COUNTY|work=Public Health of Madison and Dane County|language=en|access-date=2020-08-05}}</ref> Criticism revolved in particular around the fact that employees were being ordered back to preserve the company "culture," despite CEO [[Judy Faulkner|Judy Faulkner's]] admission that work was getting done remotely.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/ehrs/epic-employees-raise-concerns-over-mandate-to-return-to-campus-in-september.html|title= Epic employees raise concerns over mandate to return to campus in September|last=Drees|first=Jackie|work=Beckers Hospital Review|language=en|access-date=2020-08-05}}</ref> According to [[The Capital Times]], who interviewed 26 Epic employees about the plan, "13 [employees] said they have knowledge of managers being demoted for expressing concern about the company’s plans to bring its nearly 10,000 workers back" to on-campus work, and all requested anonymity for fear of employer retribution.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Times|first=Natalie Yahr, Katelyn Ferral {{!}} The Capital|title=Epic employees say coronavirus concerns met with retaliation, demotions|url=https://madison.com/news/local/health-med-fit/epic-employees-say-coronavirus-concerns-met-with-retaliation-demotions/article_7a7ce63e-4e56-5b57-a7f4-8c4dba286094.html|access-date=2020-08-05|website=madison.com|date=August 5, 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

In a survey of over 400 Epic employees in 2020, 89% of respondents expressed dissatisfaction with how Epic was handling the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://madison.com/ct/news/local/neighborhoods/epic-makes-national-news-as-employees-criticize-planned-return-to-campus/article_8806d56a-0edb-56dc-95d5-1e6342ec4b8e.html|title=Epic makes national news as employees criticize planned return to campus|last=Yahr|first=Natalie|work=The Capital Times|language=en|access-date=2020-08-05}}</ref>

As of January 2022, Epic employees were required to work in the office almost daily and are given 10 half-days for remote work annually.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Diaz |first=Naomi |date=2023-08-04 |title=Epic sees in-person work as best way to serve physicians, nurses |url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/ehrs/epic-sees-in-person-work-as-best-way-to-serve-physicians-nurses.html |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=www.beckershospitalreview.com |language=en-gb}}</ref>

== See also ==

* ''[[Epic Systems Corp. v. Lewis]]''

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==

* {{Official website}}
* [https://www.jsonline.com/blogs/business/173895121.html/ Epic, state's largest solar producer, to build own wind farm]—''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel'' article
* [https://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20141001/NEWS/310019945/epic-systems-feeling-heat-over-interoperability Epic Systems feeling heat over interoperability]—''Modern Healthcare'' article
* [https://www.nextgov.com/digital-government/2014/10/epic-systems-leading-defense-ehr-bidder-slammed-lack-interoperability/95792/ Epic Systems, Leading Defense EHR Bidder, Slammed for Lack of Interoperability]—''Nextgov'' article
* [https://venturebeat.com/ai/patient-records-giant-epic-systems-will-take-a-big-step-into-the-cloud-in-2015/ Patient records giant Epic Systems will take a big step into the cloud in 2015]—''VentureBeat'' article
* [https://www.politico.com/tipsheets/morning-ehealth/2017/08/02/cancer-moonshot-head-recounts-exchange-with-epics-faulkner-221658 Cancer moonshot head recounts exchange with Epic's Faulkner]—''Politico'' article

{{Health software}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1979 establishments in Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Dane County, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Electronic health record software companies]]
[[Category:Health care companies based in Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Privately held companies based in Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Software companies based in Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Software companies established in 1979]]
[[Category:Software companies of the United States]]

User talk:Ankunda Jordan

2024-10-06T12:56:26Z

Tegel: Reverted edits by Ankunda Jordan (talk) to last version by Jimfbleak

== Welcome! ==

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==[[Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion|Speedy deletion]] nomination of [[:User:Ankunda Jordan]]==
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{{Quote box|quote=If this is the first article that you have created, you may want to read [[WP:Your first article|the guide to writing your first article]].You may want to consider using the [[Wikipedia:Article wizard|Article Wizard]] to help you create articles.|width=20%|align=right}}
A tag has been placed on [[:User:Ankunda Jordan]], requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under [[Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#G11|section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion]], because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, group, product, service, person, or point of view and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become encyclopedic. Please read [[Wikipedia:Spam|the guidelines on spam]] and [[Wikipedia:FAQ/Organizations]] for more information.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may '''contest the nomination''' by [[:User:Ankunda Jordan|visiting the page]] and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with [[Wikipedia:List of policies|Wikipedia's policies and guidelines]]. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=User%3AAnkunda+Jordan|deleting administrator}}.   [[User:NoobThreePointOh|NoobThreePointOh]] ([[User talk:NoobThreePointOh|talk]]) 09:14, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

== Contested deletion ==

This page is not unambiguously promotional, because... (your reason here) --[[User:Ankunda Jordan|Ankunda Jordan]] ([[User talk:Ankunda Jordan#top|talk]]) 10:21, 6 May 2024 (UTC) The person in that picture maybe if I can change it
==[[Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion|Speedy deletion]] nomination of [[:Bishop Onesimus Asiimwe]]==
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{{Quote box|quote=If this is the first article that you have created, you may want to read [[WP:Your first article|the guide to writing your first article]].You may want to consider using the [[Wikipedia:Article wizard|Article Wizard]] to help you create articles.|width=20%|align=right}}
A tag has been placed on [[:Bishop Onesimus Asiimwe]], requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under [[Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#G11|section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion]], because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, group, product, service, person, or point of view and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become encyclopedic. Please read [[Wikipedia:Spam|the guidelines on spam]] and [[Wikipedia:FAQ/Organizations]] for more information.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may '''contest the nomination''' by [[:Bishop Onesimus Asiimwe|visiting the page]] and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with [[Wikipedia:List of policies|Wikipedia's policies and guidelines]]. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=Bishop+Onesimus+Asiimwe|deleting administrator}}.   [[User:CycloneYoris|CycloneYoris]] [[User talk:CycloneYoris|''talk!'']] 08:24, 24 May 2024 (UTC)

== May 2024 ==
<div class="user-block uw-block" style="padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #a9a9a9; background-color: #ffefd5; min-height: 40px">[[File:Stop x nuvola.svg|40px|left|alt=Stop icon]]<div style="margin-left:45px">You have been '''[[WP:Blocking policy|blocked]]''' '''[[Wikipedia:Blocking_policy#Indefinite_blocks|indefinitely]]''' from editing for [[Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry|abusing multiple accounts]]. Note that multiple accounts are [[Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry#Legitimate uses|allowed]], but '''not for ''[[Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry#Inappropriate uses of alternative accounts|illegitimate]]'' reasons''', and any contributions made while evading blocks or bans may be [[Wikipedia:Banning policy#Edits by and on behalf of banned editors|reverted]] or [[Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion#G5|deleted]]. </div><div style="margin-left:45px">If you think there are good reasons for being unblocked, please review Wikipedia's [[WP:Guide to appealing blocks|guide to appealing blocks]], then add the following text to the bottom of your talk page: <code><nowiki>{{unblock|reason=Your reason here ~~~~}}</nowiki></code>.  [[User:Jimfbleak|Jimfbleak]] - [[User talk:Jimfbleak|talk to me?]] 09:49, 24 May 2024 (UTC)</div></div>

User talk:36.37.197.97

2024-09-27T22:28:10Z

Tegel: Reverted edits by 36.37.197.97 (talk) to last version by Ternera

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Wikipedia:SOCKPUPPET

2024-09-27T05:23:11Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 176.108.124.196 (talk) to last version by Drmies

#REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry]]

{{Redirect category shell|1=
{{R from shortcut}}
}}

User talk:176.108.124.196

2024-09-27T05:22:54Z

Tegel: General note: Unconstructive editing on :Sock puppet account.

== September 2024 ==

[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:Tegel|Tegel]]. I wanted to let you know that one or more of [[Special:Contributions/176.108.124.196|your recent contributions]] to [[:Sock puppet account]] have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the [[Wikipedia:Teahouse|Teahouse]] or the [[Wikipedia:Help desk|Help desk]]. Thanks. [[User:Tegel|Tegel]] ([[User talk:Tegel|talk]]) 05:22, 27 September 2024 (UTC)
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Sock puppet account

2024-09-27T05:22:21Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 176.108.124.196 (talk) to last version by Chirpy-slirpy-BURPY

{{Short description|False online identity used for deception}}
{{Redirect|Sockpuppetry| information about sockpuppetry on Wikipedia|Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry|selfref=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2019}}
[[File:Sock puppet and keyboard.jpg|thumb|alt=A sock puppet with eyes in front of a computer keyboard|In Internet terms, sock puppets are online identities used for disguised activity by the operator.]]
A '''sock puppet''' is a false online identity used for deceptive purposes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-09 |title=Sock puppet Definition & Meaning |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sock+puppet |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=Merriam-Webster |language=en}}</ref> The term originally referred to a [[sock puppet|hand puppet made from a sock]]. Sock puppets include online identities created to praise, defend, or support a person or organization,<ref>{{cite news |first1=Brad |last1=Stone |first2=Matt |last2=Richtel |title=The Hand That Controls the Sock Puppet Could Get Slapped |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/16/technology/16blog.html?ex=1342238400&en=9a3424961f9d2163&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 16, 2007 |access-date=February 20, 2017 |archive-date=June 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604165857/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/16/technology/16blog.html?ex=1342238400&en=9a3424961f9d2163&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Internet manipulation|to manipulate public opinion]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardianlv.com/2013/11/china-uses-an-army-of-sockpuppets-to-control-public-opinion-and-the-us-will-too/|title=China Uses an Army of Sockpuppets to Control Public Opinion – and the US Will Too|date=November 28, 2013 |first=K. |last=Elsner |website=Guardian Liberty Voice |access-date=September 24, 2019|archive-date=November 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130145129/https://guardianlv.com/2013/11/china-uses-an-army-of-sockpuppets-to-control-public-opinion-and-the-us-will-too/|url-status=live}}</ref> or to circumvent restrictions such as viewing a social media account that a user is blocked from. Sock puppets are unwelcome in many online communities and forums.

==History==
The practice of writing pseudonymous self-reviews began before the Internet. Writers [[Walt Whitman]] and [[Anthony Burgess]] wrote pseudonymous reviews of their own books,<ref name="NYTamazon">Amy Harmon, [https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/14/us/amazon-glitch-unmasks-war-of-reviewers.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm "Amazon Glitch Unmasks War Of Reviewers"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 14, 2004. ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308140158/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/14/us/amazon-glitch-unmasks-war-of-reviewers.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |date=March 8, 2021 }}).</ref> as did [[Benjamin Franklin]].<ref name="PBS">{{cite web |url-status=dead |url=https://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/l3_wit_name.html |title=Name That Ben |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225041854/http://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/l3_wit_name.html |archive-date=February 25, 2012 |website=PBS}}</ref>

The ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' defines the term without reference to the internet, as "a person whose actions are controlled by another; a minion" with a 2000 citation from ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]''.<ref>{{cite OED|sock puppet}} The reference cites a 1996 Clinton supporter calling [[Al Gore|Gore]] a sock puppet.</ref>

[[Wikipedia]] has had a long history of problems with sockpuppetry. On October 21, 2013, the [[Wikimedia Foundation]] (WMF) condemned paid advocacy sockpuppeting on Wikipedia and, two days later on October 23, specifically banned [[Wiki-PR editing of Wikipedia]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Matthew Roth |url=https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/11/19/wikimedia-foundation-sends-cease-and-desist-letter-to-wikipr/|title=Wikimedia Foundation sends cease and desist letter to WikiPR |website=Wikimedia blog|date=November 19, 2013|access-date=November 21, 2013|archive-date=June 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609054022/https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/11/19/wikimedia-foundation-sends-cease-and-desist-letter-to-wikipr/|url-status=live}}</ref> In August and September 2015, the WMF uncovered another group of sockpuppets known as [[Orangemoody editing of Wikipedia|Orangemoody]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/sep/06/wikipedia-founder-backs-sites-systems-after-extortion-scam |title=Wikipedia founder backs site's systems after extortion scam|first=Stuart |last=Dredge|date=September 6, 2015 |newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=October 6, 2016|archive-date=December 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205113515/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/sep/06/wikipedia-founder-backs-sites-systems-after-extortion-scam|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Types==

===Block evasion===
{{redirect|Block evasion|the Wikipedia policy on evading blocks|Wikipedia:Block evasion}}
{{further|Block (Internet)#Evasion}}
One reason for sockpuppeting is to circumvent a block, ban, or other form of sanction imposed on the person's original account.<ref>Poland, Bailey: ''Haters: Harassment, Abuse, and Violence Online'', p. 230</ref>

===Ballot stuffing===
Sockpuppets may be created during an online poll to increase the puppeteer's votes. A related usage is the creation of multiple identities, each supporting the puppeteer's views in an argument, attempting to position the puppeteer as representing majority opinion and sideline opposition voices. In the abstract theory of [[social network]]s and [[reputation system]]s, this is known as a [[Sybil attack]].<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1007/3-540-45748-8_24 |chapter=The Sybil Attack |title=Peer-to-Peer Systems |volume=2429 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/peertopeersystem0000iptp/page/251 251–60] |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |year=2002 |last1=Douceur |first1=John R |isbn=978-3-540-44179-3 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/peertopeersystem0000iptp/page/251 }}</ref>

A sockpuppet-like use of deceptive fake identities is used in [[stealth marketing]]. The stealth marketer creates one or more pseudonymous accounts, each claiming to be a different enthusiastic supporter of the sponsor's product, book or ideology.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/organgrinder/2008/may/21/shouldcommercialbloggingbe |title=Should stealth marketing be regulated? |date=May 21, 2008 |work=The Guardian |first=Mark |last=Sweney |access-date=May 23, 2010 |location=London |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308144240/https://www.theguardian.com/media/organgrinder/2008/may/21/shouldcommercialbloggingbe |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Strawman sockpuppet===
A ''strawman sockpuppet'' (sometimes abbreviated as ''strawpuppet'') is a [[false flag]] pseudonym created to make a particular point of view look foolish or unwholesome in order to generate negative sentiment against it. Strawman sockpuppets typically behave in an unintelligent, uninformed, or [[bigoted]] manner, advancing "[[straw man]]" arguments that their puppeteers can easily refute. The intended effect is to discredit more rational arguments made for the same position.<ref>Thomler, Craig (April 27, 2011). [http://govinthelab.com/battle-of-the-sockpuppets-part-of-the-discussion-at-media140-brisbane/ "Battle of the sockpuppets"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321101907/http://govinthelab.com/battle-of-the-sockpuppets-part-of-the-discussion-at-media140-brisbane/ |date=March 21, 2018 }}, ''Government in the Lab: The Online Magazine for Government and Politics Around the World''</ref>

Such sockpuppets behave in a similar manner to [[Internet troll]]s. A particular case is the [[Internet troll#Concern troll|concern troll]], a false flag pseudonym created by a user whose actual point of view is opposed to that of the sockpuppet. The concern troll posts in web forums devoted to its declared point of view and attempts to sway the group's actions or opinions while claiming to share their goals, but with professed "concerns". The goal is to sow [[fear, uncertainty and doubt]] (FUD) within the group.

===Meatpuppet===
{{Redirect|Meatpuppet|the band|Meat Puppets}}
{{for|Wikipedia's policy on meatpuppetry|Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry#Meatpuppetry}}
Some sources have used the term ''meatpuppet'' as a synonym for sock puppet.<ref>{{cite web|title=meat puppet Definition: TechEncyclopedia from TechWeb |url=http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml?term=meat+puppet |publisher=The Computer Language Company |access-date=July 28, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716025003/http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml?term=meat+puppet |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref><ref>Read, Brock (October 9, 2006) [[The Chronicle of Higher Education|The Chronicle of Higher Education: The Wired Campus]] ''[http://chronicle.com/wiredcampus/article/1623/attack-of-the-meat-puppets Attack of the 'Meat Puppets'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208231110/http://chronicle.com/wiredcampus/article/1623/attack-of-the-meat-puppets |date=February 8, 2009 }}''</ref><ref>Ahrens, Frank (October 7, 2006) [[Washington Post]] ''[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/06/AR2006100601742.html 'Puppets' Emerge as Internet's Effective, and Deceptive, Salesmen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211234203/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/06/AR2006100601742.html |date=February 11, 2017 }}'' Page D01</ref>

==Investigation of sockpuppetry==
{{Redirect|Sockpuppet investigation|Wikipedia's project page on investigating sockpuppets|Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations}}
A number of techniques have been developed to determine whether accounts are sockpuppets, including comparing the [[IP address]]es of suspected sockpuppets and comparative analysis of the [[writing style]] of suspected sockpuppets.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2127107-sock-puppet-accounts-unmasked-by-the-way-they-write-and-post/|title=Sock puppet accounts unmasked by the way they write and post|first=Edd|last=Gent|magazine=[[New Scientist]]|date=April 6, 2017|access-date=December 20, 2017|archive-date=February 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214203337/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2127107-sock-puppet-accounts-unmasked-by-the-way-they-write-and-post/|url-status=live}}</ref> Using [[GeoIP]] it is possible to look up the IP addresses and locate them.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yasseri|first=Taha|title=Wikipedia sockpuppetry: linking accounts to real people is pure speculation {{!}} The Policy and Internet Blog|url=https://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/policy/wikipedia-sockpuppetry-linking-accounts-to-real-people-is-pure-speculation/|access-date=2020-11-11|website=blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk|language=en-GB|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116132803/https://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/policy/wikipedia-sockpuppetry-linking-accounts-to-real-people-is-pure-speculation/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== {{anchor|Legal implications of sockpuppeting in the United States}} Legal implications of sockpuppetry in the United States ==

=== ''United States v. Drew'' ===
{{Main article|United States v. Drew}}
In 2006, Missouri resident Lori Drew created a [[Myspace|MySpace]] account purporting to be operated by a fictitious 16-year-old boy named Josh Evans. "Josh Evans" began an online relationship with [[Suicide of Megan Meier|Megan Meier]], a 13-year-old girl who had allegedly been in conflict with Drew's daughter. After "Josh Evans" ended the relationship with Meier, the latter died of suicide.<ref name="Seeendnote_b">{{cite court |litigants=United States v. Drew |vol=259 |reporter=F.R.D. |opinion=449 |court=[[C.D. Cal.]] |date=2009 |url=https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/4144102/162/united-states-v-drew/ |access-date=2019-02-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = Stelter | first= Brian | date =27 November 2008 | title = Guilty Verdict in Cyberbullying Case Provokes Many Questions Over Online Identity | newspaper = The New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/28/us/28internet.html}}</ref>

In 2008, Thomas O'Brien, [[United States Attorney]] for the [[United States District Court for the Central District of California|Central District of California]], charged Drew, then 49, with four felony counts: one count of conspiracy to violate the [[Computer Fraud and Abuse Act]] (CFAA), which prohibits "accessing a computer without authorization via [[Commerce Clause|interstate commerce]]", and three counts of violation of the CFAA, alleging she violated MySpace's terms of service by misrepresenting herself. O'Brien justified his prosecution of the case because MySpace's servers were located in his jurisdiction. The jury convicted Drew of three misdemeanor counts, dismissing one on the grounds prosecutors had failed to demonstrate Drew inflicted emotional distress on Meier.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20081204.wgtweb05/BNStory/Technology/home |publisher=CTVglobemedia |work=Globe and Mail |location=Toronto, Canada |date=December 4, 2008 |title=Cyberbullying verdict turns rule-breakers into criminals |first=Ivor |last=Tossell |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209060005/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20081204.wgtweb05/BNStory/Technology/home |archive-date=December 9, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=December 3, 2008 |title=Lori Drew is a meanie |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |publisher=The Washington Post Company |url=http://www.slate.com/id/2205952/pagenum/all/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 12, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206172559/http://www.slate.com/id/2205952/pagenum/all/ |archive-date=February 6, 2011}}</ref>

During sentencing arguments, prosecutors argued for the maximum sentence for the statute: three years in prison and a fine of $300,000. Drew's lawyers argued her use of a false identity did not constitute unauthorized access to MySpace, citing ''People v. Donell'', a 1973 [[breach of contract]] dispute, in which a court of appeals ruled "fraudulently induced consent is consent nonetheless."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2008/12/lori-drew-attor.html |work=[[Wired News]] |publisher=Condé Nast Publishing |date=December 15, 2008 |title=Lori Drew Files New Bid for Dismissal on Grounds that MySpace Authorized Access |first=Kim |last=Zetter |access-date=December 26, 2008 |archive-date=April 26, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426054050/http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2008/12/lori-drew-attor.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Judge [[George H. Wu]] dismissed the charges before sentencing.<ref name="urlLori Drew cleared of MySpace cyber-bullying">{{cite news |url=http://www.smh.com.au/technology/lori-drew-cleared-of-myspace-cyberbullying-20090703-d6s0.html |title=Lori Drew cleared of MySpace cyber-bullying |work=Sydney Morning Herald |date=July 3, 2009 |access-date=July 15, 2009 |archive-date=March 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307214721/http://www.smh.com.au/technology/lori-drew-cleared-of-myspace-cyberbullying-20090703-d6s0.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== ''People v. Golb'' ===
{{Main article|People v. Golb}}
In 2010, 50-year-old lawyer Raphael Golb was convicted on 30 criminal charges, including [[identity theft]], criminal impersonation, and aggravated harassment, for using multiple sockpuppet accounts to attack and impersonate historians he perceived as rivals of his father, [[Norman Golb]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/18/dispute-over-dead-sea-scrolls-leads-to-a-jail-sentence/?partner=rss&emc=rss|title=Dispute Over Dead Sea Scrolls Leads to a Jail Sentence|first=John|last=Eligon|newspaper=New York Times|date=November 18, 2010|access-date=December 7, 2010|archive-date=December 6, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206024442/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/18/dispute-over-dead-sea-scrolls-leads-to-a-jail-sentence/?partner=rss&emc=rss|url-status=live}}</ref> Golb defended his actions as "satirical hoaxes" protected by free-speech rights. He was disbarred and sentenced to six months in prison, but the sentence was reduced to probation on appeal.<ref>[https://www.courthousenews.com/case-of-dead-sea-scrolls-online-aliases-ends-with-probation/ "Case of Dead Sea Scrolls, Online Aliases Ends With Probation" (April 16, 2018)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030094920/https://www.courthousenews.com/case-of-dead-sea-scrolls-online-aliases-ends-with-probation/ |date=October 30, 2020 }}.</ref>

=== ''New Directions for Young Adults, Inc. v. Davis'' ===
{{Main article|New Directions for Young Adults, Inc. v. Davis}}
In 2014, a Florida state circuit court held that sock puppetry is [[tortious interference]] with business relations and awarded injunctive relief against it during the pendency of litigation. The court found that "the act of falsifying multiple identities" is conduct that should be enjoined. It explained that the conduct was wrongful "not because the statements are false or true, but because the conduct of making up names of persons who do not exist to post fake comments by fake people to support Defendants' position tortiously interferes with Plaintiffs' business" and such "conduct is inherently unfair."<ref name="amendment"/>

The court, therefore, ordered the defendants to "remove or cause to be removed all postings creating the false impression that more [than one] person are commenting on the program th[an] actually exist." The court also found, however, that the comments of the defendants "which do not create a false impression of fake patients or fake employees, or fake persons connected to program (those posted under their respective names) are protected by The Constitution of the United States of America, First Amendment."<ref name="amendment">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2017/01/NewDirections.pdf New Directions for Young Adults, Inc. v. Davis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209015307/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2017/01/NewDirections.pdf |date=December 9, 2020 }} (17th Jud. Cir., Broward Cty. September 26, 2014) (slip op.).</ref>

== {{anchor|Notable public examples}} Examples of sockpuppetry ==


===Business promotion===
{{See also|User review#Fake reviews}}

In 2007, the CEO of [[Whole Foods Market|Whole Foods]], [[John Mackey (businessman)|John Mackey]], was discovered to have posted as "Rahodeb" on the [[Yahoo!]] Finance Message Board, extolling his own company and predicting a dire future for its rival, [[Wild Oats Markets]], while concealing his relationship to both companies. Whole Foods argued that none of Mackey's actions broke the law.<ref name="NYT2007">[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/16/technology/16blog.html?pagewanted=all BRAD STONE and MATT RICHTEL, "The Hand That Controls the Sock Puppet Could Get Slapped"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308201538/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/16/technology/16blog.html?pagewanted=all |date=March 8, 2021 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', July 16, 2007.</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Andrew |last=Martin |title=Whole Foods Executive Used Alias |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/12/business/12foods.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 16, 2007 |access-date=February 20, 2017 |archive-date=February 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220014036/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/12/business/12foods.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the 2007 trial of [[Conrad Black]], chief executive of [[Sun-Times Media Group|Hollinger International]], prosecutors alleged that he had posted messages on a Yahoo! Finance chat room using the name "nspector", attacking [[short (finance)|short sellers]] and blaming them for his company's stock performance. Prosecutors provided evidence of these postings in [[Black v. United States|Black's criminal trial]], where he was convicted of mail fraud and obstruction. The postings were raised at multiple points in the trial.<ref name="NYT2007"/>

===Book and film reviews===
An [[amazon.com]] computer glitch in 2004 revealed the names of many authors who had written pseudonymous reviews of their books. [[John Rechy]], who wrote the best-selling novel ''[[City of Night]]'' (1963), was among the authors unmasked in this way, and was shown to have written numerous five-star reviews of his own work.<ref name="NYTamazon"/> In 2010, historian [[Orlando Figes]] was found to have written Amazon reviews under the names "orlando-birkbeck" and "historian", praising his own books and criticizing those of historians [[Rachel Polonsky]] and [[Robert Service (historian)|Robert Service]]. The two sued Figes and won monetary damages.<ref>Richard Lea and Matthew Taylor [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/apr/23/historian-orlando-figes-amazon-reviews-rivals "Historian Orlando Figes admits posting Amazon reviews that trashed rivals"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218035700/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/apr/23/historian-orlando-figes-amazon-reviews-rivals |date=February 18, 2021 }}, ''The Guardian'', April 23, 2010</ref><ref name="BBC">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-10670407 "Orlando Figes to pay fake Amazon review damages"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308205952/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-10670407 |date=March 8, 2021 }}, BBC, July 16, 2010.</ref>

During a panel discussion at a British Crime Writers Festival in 2012, author [[Stephen Leather]] admitted using pseudonyms to praise his own books, claiming that "everyone does it". He spoke of building a "network of characters", some operated by his friends, who discussed his books and had conversations with him directly.<ref name="UK Telelgraph">{{cite news|last=Kerridge|first=Jake|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/9520374/Are-RJ-Ellorys-faked-reviews-the-tip-of-the-iceberg.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/9520374/Are-RJ-Ellorys-faked-reviews-the-tip-of-the-iceberg.html |archive-date=January 12, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Do Consumer Are RJ Ellory's faked reviews the tip of the iceberg?|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|date=September 4, 2012|access-date=January 16, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The same year, after he was pressured by the spy novelist [[Jeremy Duns]] on Twitter, who had detected possible indications online, UK crime fiction writer [[R. J. Ellory|R.J. Ellory]] admitted having used a pseudonymous account name to write a positive review for each of his own novels, and additionally a negative review for two other authors.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Hough
| first = Andrew
|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/booknews/9515593/RJ-Ellory-detected-crime-writer-who-faked-his-own-glowing-reviews.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/booknews/9515593/RJ-Ellory-detected-crime-writer-who-faked-his-own-glowing-reviews.html |archive-date=January 12, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live
|title=RJ Ellory: detected, crime writer who faked his own glowing reviews
|newspaper = [[The Daily Telegraph]]
|date=September 2, 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="Sock2">{{cite news
| last = Streitfeld
| first = David
| url = http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/04/his-biggest-fan-was-himself/?smid=pl-share
| title = His Biggest Fan Was Himself
| newspaper = [[The New York Times]]
| date = September 4, 2012
| access-date = January 29, 2016
| archive-date = March 4, 2013
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130304052512/http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/04/his-biggest-fan-was-himself/?smid=pl-share
| url-status = live
}}</ref>

[[David Manning (fictitious writer)|David Manning]] was a fictitious [[film critic]], created by a marketing executive working for [[Sony Corporation]] to give consistently good reviews for releases from Sony subsidiary [[Columbia Pictures]], which could then be quoted in promotional material.<ref>{{cite web |first1=John |last1=Horn |url=http://www.msnbc.com/news/581770.asp?cp1=1 |title=The Reviewer Who Wasn't There. |publisher=[[MSNBC]] |access-date=June 9, 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010609225327/http://www.msnbc.com/news/581770.asp?cp1=1 |archive-date=June 9, 2001 |work=Newsweek |date=June 2, 2001 }}</ref>

===Blog commentary===
American reporter [[Michael Hiltzik]] was temporarily suspended from posting to his blog, "The Golden State", on the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' website after he admitted "posting there, as well as on other sites, under false names." He used the pseudonyms to attack conservatives such as [[Hugh Hewitt]] and L.A. prosecutor Patrick Frey—who eventually exposed him.<ref name="ISpySlate">{{cite news|last=Weiss|first=Michael|title=I Spy Your IP|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/todays_blogs/2006/04/i_spy_your_ip.html|access-date=July 27, 2012|newspaper=Slate|date=April 21, 2006|archive-date=September 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921121931/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/todays_blogs/2006/04/i_spy_your_ip.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Howard|first=Kurtz|title=Los Angeles Times Yanks Columnist's Blog|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/20/AR2006042002375.html|access-date=July 27, 2012|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=April 21, 2006|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125014918/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/20/AR2006042002375.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Hiltzik's blog at the ''LA Times'' was the newspaper's first blog. While suspended from blogging, Hiltzik continued to write regularly for the newspaper.

[[Lee Siegel (cultural critic)|Lee Siegel]], a writer for ''[[The New Republic]]'' magazine, was suspended for defending his articles and blog comments under the username "[[Sprezzatura]]". In one such comment, "Sprezzatura" defended Siegel's bad reviews of [[Jon Stewart]]: "Siegel is brave, brilliant and wittier than Stewart will ever be."<ref>{{cite news |first=Maria |last=Aspan |title=New Republic Suspends an Editor for Attacks on Blog |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/04/technology/04republic.html?ex=1315022400&en=cc629c6ec5d5805d&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss |work=[[NY Times]] |date=September 4, 2006 |access-date=June 11, 2007 |archive-date=March 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309010259/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/04/technology/04republic.html?ex=1315022400&en=cc629c6ec5d5805d&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |first=Ana Marie |last=Cox |author-link=Ana Marie Cox |title=Making Mischief on the Web |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1570701,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070113090041/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1570701,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 13, 2007 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=December 16, 2006|access-date=March 30, 2007}}</ref>

===Politically oriented===
In late November 2020, [[TYT Network]] reported an example of a [[white male]] [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] [[Donald Trump]] voter having a sockpuppet [[Twitter]] account presented as that of a black [[gay]] man, criticizing [[Joe Biden]] and praising Trump while systematically emphasizing his race and sexual orientation. In October 2020, a [[Clemson University]] social media researcher identified "more than two dozen of Twitter accounts claiming to be black Trump supporters who gained hundreds of thousands of likes and retweets in a span of just a few days, sparking major doubts about their identities," many using photos of black men from news reports or stock images "including one in which the text 'black man photo' was still watermarked on the image".<ref>{{cite web |title=Republican Gets BUSTED On Twitter |website = [[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9vs-rHSR6_E |publisher=The Young Turks |date=Nov 26, 2020 |first1=Ana |last1=Kasparian |first2=Cenk |last2=Uygur |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/9vs-rHSR6_E |archive-date=2021-12-13 |url-status=live|access-date=27 November 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

==={{anchor|Notable state examples}} Government sockpuppetry===
{{Main|State-sponsored Internet propaganda}}
As an example of [[state-sponsored Internet sockpuppetry]], in 2011, a US company called [[Ntrepid]] was awarded a $2.76 million contract from [[United States Central Command|U.S. Central Command]] for "online persona management" operations<ref name=guard>Nick Fielding and Ian Cobain, [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/mar/17/us-spy-operation-social-networks "Revealed: US spy operation that manipulates social media"], ''The Guardian''. March 17, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2011. ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610152627/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/mar/17/us-spy-operation-social-networks |date=June 10, 2016 }}).</ref> to create "fake online personas to influence net conversations and spread U.S. propaganda" in Arabic, Persian, Urdu and Pashto<ref name=guard/> as part of [[Operation Earnest Voice]].

On September 11, 2014, a number of sockpuppet accounts reported an explosion at a chemical plant in Louisiana. The reports came on a range of media, including Twitter and YouTube, but U.S. authorities claimed the entire event to be a hoax. The information was determined by many to have originated with a Russian government-sponsored sockpuppet management office in Saint Petersburg, called the [[Internet Research Agency]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/magazine/the-agency.html |url-access=subscription |title=The Agency |last=Chen |first=Adrian |date=June 2, 2015 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=February 20, 2017 |archive-date=April 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428103405/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/magazine/the-agency.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Russia was again implicated by the U.S. intelligence community in 2016 for hiring trolls in the [[2016 United States presidential election]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Background to "Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections": The Analytic Process and Cyber Incident Attribution |date=January 6, 2017 |url=https://archive.org/details/ICA201701}}</ref>

The [[Institute of Economic Affairs]] claimed in a 2012 paper that the United Kingdom government and the European Union fund charities that campaign and lobby for causes the government supports. In one example, 73% of responses to a government consultation were the direct result of campaigns by alleged "sockpuppet" organizations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/DP_Sock%20Puppets_redesigned.pdf |title=Sock Puppets: How the government lobbies itself and why |author=Christopher Snowden |date=July 2012 |series=IEA Discussion Paper |id=No. 39 |publisher=Institute of Economic Affairs |access-date=April 20, 2016 |archive-date=February 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225093530/http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/DP_Sock%20Puppets_redesigned.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==

In ''[[The Simpsons]]'' [[The Simpsons season 23|twenty-third season]] episode "[[Lisa Goes Gaga]]", Lisa sets up a sock puppet account under the name "Truth Teller" on Springfield Elementary's school blog. She uses it to post positive things about herself in an effort to increase her popularity, after being voted the least popular student in school. She becomes even less popular after her ruse is found out.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lisa Goes Gaga |url=https://simpsonswiki.com/wiki/Lisa_Goes_Gaga |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=Wikisimpsons |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Catfishing]]
*[[Conflict-of-interest editing on Wikipedia]]
*[[On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog]]
*[[Passing (sociology)]]
*[[Phishing]]
*[[Reputation]]
*[[Shill]]
*[[Team Jorge]]
*[[Trojan horse (computing)|Trojan Horse]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Wiktionary|meatpuppet}}
{{commons category|Sock puppets}}
*[http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/S/sock-puppet.html Sock puppet] at [[Jargon File|The Jargon File]]

{{Espionage}}

[[Category:Internet terminology]]
[[Category:Internet trolling]]
[[Category:Internet manipulation and propaganda]]
[[Category:Deception]]

Wikipedia:Edit filter manager

2024-09-27T05:16:09Z

Tegel: Reverted edits by 176.108.124.196 (talk) to last version by AntiDionysius

{{procedural policy|WP:EFM|WP:AFE}}
[[File:Wikipedia-Crystal clear-advancedsetting.png|right|150px]]
'''Edit filter manager''' is a [[WP:user group|user group]] that allows users to view and edit the details and code of [[Wikipedia:Edit filter|edit filters]], as well as view the logs of such filters, including private filters. The right may be self-granted by administrators, or granted based upon community consensus at the [[WP:EFN|edit filter noticeboard]]. This page details the right, the requirements for it, and the processes involved in granting and removing it. There are currently [[Special:ListUsers/abusefilter|{{NUMINGROUP:abusefilter}} edit filter managers]] on the English Wikipedia, some of whom are administrators, as the right is not built into the administrator toolset by default.

==The right==
Edit filter managers have the following rights enabled on their accounts:
*{{code|changetags}} which allows adding and removing tags on edits and log entries.
*{{code|managechangetags}} which permits use of the interface at [[Special:Tags]] to create and deactivate tags. Documentation can be found [[mw:Manual:Tags|here]].
*{{code|oathauth-enable}} which allows the enabling and disabling of [[WP:2FA|two-factor authentication]] on the user's account.
*{{code|abusefilter-modify}} which permits the modification of both public and private filters and viewing of their logs at [[Special:AbuseFilter]]. This implicitly includes {{code|abusefilter-view-private}}, which is included in the edit filter helper group, negating the need to grant both groups for access to private filters.

Edit filter managers that are not administrators are unable to set edit filters to block users or to revoke autoconfirmed status.

==Granting the right==
The edit filter manager right may be granted in the following circumstances:
#An administrator may self-grant this right to themselves.
#An administrator, upon closing a request meeting all [[Wikipedia:Edit filter manager#Process for requesting|requirements]] and evaluating consensus to be in favor of the requester receiving the right as a non-administrator, may grant this right to such a user.
#On the request of a former edit filter manager who has had the right removed on their own request or for inactivity and the right was removed under uncontroversial circumstances.

==Process for requesting==
Non-administrators that wish to request the edit filter manager right should create a new section at the edit filter noticeboard. The nominee must provide clear and compelling reasoning for their request, and may not be nominated by a third party.<ref name="consensus" group="note">See [[Special:Permalink/1217561114#Extending_time_for_EFH_discussions]] for the discussion leading to this requirement.</ref> A notification should be made to the [[WP:AN|administrator's noticeboard]] in a neutral fashion. The discussion will be open for at least 7 days. The discussion will be closed by an uninvolved administrator, who will grant the right if the request was successful.

==Requirements for granting==
{{shortcut|WP:EFMCRITERIA}}

The assignment of the edit filter manager user right to non-admins is highly restricted. It should ''only'' be requested by and given to highly trusted users, when there is a clear and demonstrated need for it. Demonstrated ability that one can and will use it safely is absolutely critical. This is because widespread disruption of the entire encyclopedia can easily occur—even unintentionally—with the smallest of mistakes in changing edit filters.

The candidate must meet ''all'' of the following criteria:
#Demonstrated knowledge of [[mw:Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format|edit filter syntax]] and an understanding of crafting regular expressions<ref name="demonstrated" group="note">This is most often shown through prior contributions to current edit filters, though other experience may be an acceptable substitute.</ref>
#No recent blocks or relevant sanctions
#A comprehensive understanding of account security<ref name="assertion" group="note">There is no formal definition of what constitutes a "comprehensive understanding", but by requesting this right you are asserting that you meet these criteria. Those commenting on the request should assume good faith regarding this assertion unless they have a reason to do otherwise.</ref>
#A demonstrated need for access
#Trusted by the community to use this right safely and responsibly
#Sufficient ability with the English language to understand notes and explanations for edit filters

This is a right that can cause severe disruption across the encyclopedia if used carelessly or maliciously. Meeting all the above criteria does not guarantee a request will obtain consensus support to pass. Above all, noticeboard regulars look for indicators that an editor can be trusted. Trust is important because private edit filters reveal the detection strategies for tracking [[Wikipedia:Long-term abuse|long-term abusers]], and also private edit filter logs often contain [[Wikipedia:Revision deletion|revision deletable]] or [[Wikipedia:Oversight|oversightable]] information. This is a subjective measurement and the editors participating in a given request will have their own criteria to judge whether an editor is sufficiently trustworthy for this user right.

==Criteria for revocation==
{{shortcut|WP:EFMREVOKE}}
If an edit filter manager is misusing the user right, the concern should first be raised with them directly. If discussion does not resolve the issue, a request for discussion or removal of the user right may be made at the [[WP:EFN|edit filter noticeboard]]. Additionally, the right may be automatically revoked by any administrator from an edit filter manager who has been inactive for a duration of 12 full months.

==Use of the right==
=== Have a strong password ===
{{see also|Wikipedia:User account security}}
If you have the edit filter manager user right, please ensure you have a [[Password strength|strong password]] and [[Wikipedia:Personal security practices|follow appropriate personal security practices]]. A compromised EFM account will be blocked and have its privileges removed on grounds of site security, as reckless editing of the edit filter can result in sitewide disruption. In the unlikely event that your account is compromised, notify an administrator immediately, so they can block your account and remove any sensitive privileges to prevent damage.

=== Editing filters ===
Edits to filters should be '''thoroughly''' tested before implementing them. Filters {{efl|1}} (for testing public filters) and {{efl|1231}} (for testing private filters) exist, as well as various tools such as [[Special:AbuseFilter/test]] and [[User:Suffusion of Yellow/FilterDebugger|FilterDebugger]]. Testing of edit filter changes is a good best practice to ensure your edits do not cause widespread disruption.

Expect to be held accountable for all changes you make. You are expected to answer, when reasonably possible, the concerns of other editors regarding your use of the right. Ill-considered filter changes may be considered grounds for revocation of the right, based on the wide reach of the edit filter.

When editing filters that use the disallow action in particular, remember that all code in the filter will be checked against edits, and that reckless editing of a filter with the disallow or block-autopromote action configured can disrupt the editing of thousands of editors. This right is considered akin to the administrator right in the responsibility that the bearer has to ensure their actions are justifiable to the community.

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==See also==
*[[Wikipedia:Edit filter helper]]
*{{tl|User wikipedia/Edit filter manager}}, a [[Wikipedia:Userboxes|userbox]] for editors with the edit filter manager permission.
*{{tl|User edit filter manager since}}, a template to indicate having the edit filter manager permission since.
*{{tl|Edit filter manager topicon}}, a topicon for editors with the edit filter manager permission.
*The [[meta:Abuse filter maintainers|abuse filter maintainer]] page on Meta.

{{Wikipedia accounts|collapsed}}
[[Category:Wikipedia edit filter]]
[[Category:Wikipedia user access levels]]

Wikipedia:How to spot vandalism

2024-09-22T22:30:32Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 14.181.139.231 (talk) to last version by GreenMeansGo

#Redirect [[Wikipedia:Vandalism#How to spot vandalism]]

Template:See also/doc

2024-09-16T21:31:06Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 189.203.91.23 (talk) to last version by Paine Ellsworth

{{documentation subpage}}
{{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:wantedpages-summary]]}}
{{lua|Module:Labelled list hatnote}}

This template is used to create '''[[WP:Hatnotes|hatnotes]] to point to a small number of other related titles''' at the '''top of article ''[[Help:Section|sections]]''''' (excluding the [[WP:LEAD|lead]]). It looks like this:

{{See also|WP Article title}}

Do not use this template on top of a page, where hatnotes are for disambiguation and not for related topics (according to [[WP:RELATED]]). Do not use this template inside [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout#"See also" section|the ''"See also" section'']] at the end of an article, or for links to other articles or subsections of the same article within regular article text. Where subsections are linked to, [[Template:Section link]] may be suitable instead. For use on category pages, the corresponding template is [[Template:Category see also]].

Refer to the examples below to see how the template handles link targets containing section links and commas.

==Usage==
{{see|WP:SUMMARYHATNOTE}}
; Basic usage:
{{See also|''page1''|''page2''|''page3''|...}}

; All parameters:
{{See also|''page1''|''page2''|''page3''| ...
|label 1 = ''label 1''|label 2 = ''label2''|label 3 = ''label3''| ...
|l1 = ''label1''|l2 = ''label2''|l3 = ''label3''| ...
|selfref = ''yes''|category = ''no''}}

==Parameters==
This template accepts the following parameters:
* {{para|1}}, {{para|2}}, {{para|3}}, ... – the pages to link to. At least one page name is required. Categories and files are automatically escaped with the [[Help:Colon trick|colon trick]], and links to sections are automatically formatted as ''page § section'', rather than the MediaWiki default of ''page#section''.
* {{para|label 1}}, {{para|label 2}}, {{para|label 3}}, ...; or {{para|l1}}, {{para|l2}}, {{para|l3}}, ...; optional labels for each of the pages to link to.
* {{para|selfref}} – if set to {{pval|yes}}, {{pval|y}}, {{pval|true}}, or {{pval|1}}, adds the CSS class <code>selfref</code>. This is used to denote self-references to Wikipedia. See [[Template:Selfref]] for more information.
* {{para|category}} – if set to {{pval|no}}, {{pval|n}}, {{pval|false}}, or {{pval|0}}, suppresses the error tracking category ([[:Category:Hatnote templates with errors]]). This only has an effect if the first positional parameter (the page to link to) is omitted.

== Examples ==

{{nowiki template demo|format=inline|code=<nowiki>{{See also|Article}}</nowiki>}}
{{nowiki template demo|format=inline|code=<nowiki>{{See also|Article#Section}}</nowiki>}}
{{nowiki template demo|format=inline|code=<nowiki>{{See also|Article#Section|label 1=Custom section label}}</nowiki>}}
{{nowiki template demo|format=inline|code=<nowiki>{{See also|Article1|Article2|Article3}}</nowiki>}}
{{nowiki template demo|format=inline|code=<nowiki>{{See also|Article1|l1=Custom label 1|Article2|l2=Custom label 2}}</nowiki>}}
{{nowiki template demo|format=inline|code=<nowiki>{{See also|Veni, vidi, vici|Julius Caesar}}</nowiki>}}
{{nowiki template demo|format=inline|code=<nowiki>{{See also|Veni, vidi, vici|Julius Caesar#Civil war}}</nowiki>}}
{{nowiki template demo|format=inline|code=<nowiki>{{See also|Julius Caesar#Civil war|Veni, vidi, vici}}</nowiki>}}
{{nowiki template demo|format=inline|code=<nowiki>{{See also|Julius Caesar#Civil war|Crossing the Rubicon}}</nowiki>}}

==Errors==
If no page names are supplied, the template outputs the following message with the (help) wikilink pointing to the "Errors" section of this page:
*{{See also|category=no}}

If you see this error message, it is for one of three reasons:
# No parameters were specified (the template code was <code><nowiki>{{See also}}</nowiki></code> with no pipe character nor page to link to). Please use <code><nowiki>{{See also|</nowiki>''page''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> instead.
# Some parameters were specified, but no page names were included. For example, the template text <code><nowiki>{{See also|selfref=yes}}</nowiki></code> will produce this error. Please use (for example) <code><nowiki>{{See also|</nowiki>''page''<nowiki>|selfref=yes}}</nowiki></code> instead.
# A page name was specified, but it contains an equals sign ("="). The equals sign has a special meaning in template code, and because of this it cannot be used in template parameters that do not specify a parameter name. For example, the template code <code><nowiki>{{See also|1+1=2|2+2=4}}</nowiki></code> will produce this error. To work around this, you can specify the parameter name explicitly by using <code>1=</code>, <code>2</code>, etc., before the page name, like this: <code><nowiki>{{See also|1=1+1=2|2=2+2=4}}</nowiki></code>.

If you see this error message and are unsure of what to do, please post a message on [[WP:HD|the help desk (WP:HD)]], and someone should be able to help you.

To see a list of wikilinks to articles that contain this error message, see the [[Wikipedia:Maintenance|maintenance category]]: [[:Category:Hatnote templates with errors]].

==TemplateData==
{{Collapse top|[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]] documentation used by [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools}}
{{TemplateData header|noheader=1}}
<templatedata>
{
"description": "This template creates a hatnote to point to a small number of related pages. It is placed at the top of a section, directly underneath the section heading.",
"params": {
"1": {
"label": "Page 1",
"description": "The name of the first page that you want to link to.",
"type": "wiki-page-name",
"required": true,
"example": "Article name"
},
"2": {
"label": "Page 2",
"description": "The name of the second page that you want to link to.",
"type": "wiki-page-name",
"required": false
},
"3": {
"label": "Page 3",
"description": "The name of the third page that you want to link to. More pages can be added using the parameters \"4\", \"5\", \"6\", etc.",
"type": "wiki-page-name",
"required": false
},
"label 1": {
"label": "Label 1",
"type": "string",
"description": "What the first linked article is to be displayed as. ",
"aliases": [
"l1"
]
},
"label 2": {
"label": "Label 2",
"type": "string",
"description": "What the second linked article is to be displayed as.",
"aliases": [
"l2"
]
},
"label 3": {
"aliases": [
"l3"
],
"type": "string",
"label": "Label 3",
"description": "What the third linked article is to be displayed as. Other labels can be added by using increasing numbers (starting with \"label 4\" or \"l4\" for page 4) as parameter names."
},
"selfref": {
"type": "boolean",
"label": "Self reference",
"description": "Set to \"yes\" if the template is a self-reference to Wikipedia that would not make sense on mirrors or forks of the Wikipedia site.",
"example": "yes",
"default": "no"
},
"category": {
"label": "Category",
"description": "Set to \"no\", \"n\", \"false\", or \"0\" to suppresses the error tracking category (Category:Hatnote templates with errors). This only has an effect if no page names are specified.",
"type": "boolean",
"default": "yes",
"example": "no"
}
},
"format": "inline"
}
</templatedata>
{{Collapse bottom}}

==See also==
*{{tl|For}}
*{{tl|See also if exists}}
*{{t|Further}}
*{{tl|Template see also}}
*{{tl|Category see also}}
*{{tl|Main}}
*{{tl|See}} (redirect to {{tl|Further}})
*{{tl|Hatnote}}
{{Hatnote templates}}

<includeonly>{{Sandbox other||

[[Category:Hatnote templates]]
[[Category:Related-topic templates]]
[[Category:Wikipedia page-section templates]]
[[Category:Wikipedia see also]]
}}</includeonly>

Service (economics)

2024-09-16T21:31:04Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 189.203.91.23 (talk) to last version by DrThneed

{{short description|Activity for which payment is due}}
{{Multiple issues|{{more citations needed|date=August 2023}}
{{more footnotes|date=August 2023}}}}
[[File:Lima waiter PUCPeru 2010.jpg|thumb|A restaurant waiter is an example of a service-related occupation.]]
A '''service''' is an act or use for which a [[consumer]], [[company]], or [[government]] is willing to [[payment|pay]].<ref>{{cite book|last=McConnell|first=Campbell R.|edition=18th|date=2009|title=Economics. Principles, Problems and Policies|url=http://www.califaxprinters.com/mba_books/EB%20McConnell%20Econ.18e.pdf|format=PDF contains full textbook|location=New York|publisher=McGraw-Hill|display-authors=etal|isbn=978-0-07-337569-4|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006014212/http://www.califaxprinters.com/mba_books/EB%20McConnell%20Econ.18e.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2016|df=dmy-all}}, Glossary, p. G-25.</ref> Examples include work done by barbers, doctors, lawyers, mechanics, banks, insurance companies, and so on. Public services are those that society (nation state, fiscal union or region) as a whole pays for. Using [[resource]]s, skill, ingenuity, and experience, service provider's benefit service consumers. Services may be defined as intangible acts or performances whereby the service provider provides value to the customer.

==Key characteristics==
Services have three key characteristics:<ref name=":0" />

===Intangibility===
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2023}}
Services are by definition intangible. They are not manufactured, transported or stocked.

One cannot store services for future use. They are produced and consumed simultaneously.

===Perishability===
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2023}}

Services are perishable in two regards:
* Service-relevant resources, processes, and systems are assigned for service delivery during a specific period in time. If the service consumer does not request and consume the service during this period, the related resources may go unused. From the perspective of the service provider, this is a lost business opportunity if no other use for those resources is available. Examples: A hairdresser serves another client. An empty seat on an airplane cannot be filled after departure.
* When the service has been completely rendered to the consumer, this particular service irreversibly vanishes. Example: a passenger has been transported to the destination.
The service provider must deliver the service at the exact time of service consumption. The service is not manifested in a physical object that is independent of the provider. The service consumer is also inseparable from service delivery. Examples: The service consumer must sit in the hairdresser's chair, or in the airplane seat. Correspondingly, the hairdresser or the pilot must be in the shop or plane, respectively, to deliver the service.

===Variability===
Each service is unique. It can never be exactly repeated as the time, location, circumstances, conditions, current configurations and/or assigned resources are different for the next delivery, even if the same service is requested by the consumer. Many services are regarded as heterogeneous and are typically modified for each service-consumer or for each service-context.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wzy2BQAAQBAJ|title=The Routledge Companion to Financial Services Marketing|isbn=9781134095629|last1=Harrison|first1=Tina|last2=Estelami|first2=Hooman|date=5 December 2014|publisher=Routledge }}</ref> Example: The taxi service which transports the service consumer from home to work is different from the taxi service which transports the same service consumer from work to home – another point in time, the other direction, possibly another route, probably another taxi-driver and cab. Another and more common [[Terminology|term]] for this is [[Heterogeneity in economics|heterogeneity]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}

==Service quality==
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2023}}
Mass generation and delivery of services must be mastered for a service provider to expand. This can be seen as a problem of [[service quality]]. Both inputs and outputs to the processes involved providing services are highly variable, as are the relationships between these processes, making it difficult to maintain consistent service quality. Many services involve variable human activity, rather than a precisely determined process; exceptions include [[Public utility|utilities]]. The human factor is often the key success factor in service provision. Demand can vary by [[season]], [[time]] of day, [[business cycle]], etc. Consistency is necessary to create enduring business relationships.

==Specification==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2022}}
Any service can be clearly and completely, consistently and concisely specified by means of standard attributes that conform to the [[MECE principle]] (Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive).

* Service consumer benefits – (set of) benefits that are triggerable, consumable and effectively utilizable for any authorized service consumer and that are rendered upon request. These benefits must be described in terms that are meaningful to consumers.
* Service-specific functional parameters – parameters that are essential to the respective service and that describe the important dimension(s) of the [[servicescape]], the service output or the service outcome, e.g. whether the passenger sits in an aisle or window seat.
* Service delivery point – the physical location and/or logical interface where the benefits of the service are rendered to the consumer. At this point the service delivery preparation can be assessed and delivery can be monitored and controlled.
* Service consumer count – the number of consumers that are enabled to consume a service.
* Service delivery readiness time – the moments when the service is available and all the specified service elements are available at the delivery point
* Service consumer support times – the moments when the support team ("service desk") is available. The service desk is the Single Point of Contact (SPoC) for service inquiries. At those times, the service desk can be reached via commonly available communication methods (phone, web, etc.)
* Service consumer support language – the language(s) spoken by the service desk.
* Service fulfillment target – the provider's promise to deliver the service, expressed as the ratio of the count of successful service deliveries to the count of service requests by a single consumer or consumer group over some time period.
* Service impairment duration – the maximum allowable interval between the first occurrence of a service impairment and the full resumption and completion of the service delivery.
* Service delivery duration – the maximum allowable period for effectively rendering all service benefits to the consumer.
* Service delivery unit – the scope/number of action(s) that constitute a delivered service. Serves as the reference object for the Service Delivering Price, for all service costs as well as for charging and billing.
* Service delivery price – the amount of money the customer pays to receive a service. Typically, the price includes a service access price that qualifies the consumer to request the service and a service consumption price for each delivered service.

==Delivery==

[[File:StarbucksVaughanMills.JPG|thumb|Coffee house{{dash}}a type of service delivery]]{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2022}}
The delivery of a service typically involves six factors:
* Service provider (workers and managers)
* Equipment used to provide the service (e.g. vehicles, cash registers, technical systems, computer systems)
* Physical facilities (e.g. buildings, parking, waiting rooms)
* Service consumer
* Other customers at the service delivery location
* Customer contact

The service encounter is defined as all activities involved in the service delivery process. Some service managers use the term "moment of truth" to indicate that point in a service encounter where interactions are most intense.{{cn|date=August 2022}}

Many [[list of business theorists|business theorists]] view service provision as a performance or act (sometimes humorously referred to as ''dramalurgy'', perhaps in reference to [[dramaturgy]]). The location of the service delivery is referred to as the [[Stage (theatre)|stage]] and the objects that facilitate the service process are called [[Theatrical property|props]]. A script is a sequence of [[behavior]]s followed by those involved, including the client(s). Some service [[drama]]s are tightly scripted, others are more [[ad libitum|ad lib]]. Role congruence occurs when each [[actor]] follows a script that harmonizes with the [[role]]s played by the other actors.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}

In some service industries, especially health care, dispute resolution and social services, a popular concept is the idea of the caseload, which refers to the total number of patients, clients, litigants, or claimants for which a given employee is responsible. Employees must balance the needs of each individual case against the needs of all other current cases as well as their own needs.{{cn|date=August 2022}}

Under [[English law]], if a service provider is induced to deliver services to a [[dishonesty|dishonest]] client by a deception, this is an offence under the [[Theft Act 1978]].{{cn|date=August 2022}}

Lovelock used the number of delivery sites (whether single or multiple) and the method of delivery to classify services in a 2 x 3 matrix. Then implications are that the convenience of receiving the service is the lowest when the customer has to come to the service and must use a single or specific outlet. Convenience increases (to a point) as the number of service points increase.{{cn|date=August 2022}}

==Service-commodity goods continuum==
[[File:Service-goods continuum.png|thumb|Service-Commodity Goods continuum]]

The distinction between a good and a service remains disputed. The perspective in the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries focused on creation and possession of wealth. Classical economists contended that goods were objects of value over which ownership rights could be established and exchanged. Ownership implied tangible possession of an object that had been acquired through purchase, barter or gift from the producer or previous owner and was legally identifiable as the property of the current owner.

[[Adam Smith]]'s famous book, ''[[The Wealth of Nations]]'', published in [[1776]], distinguished between the outputs of what he termed "productive" and "unproductive" labor. The former, he stated, produced goods that could be stored after production and subsequently exchanged for money or other items of value. The latter, however useful or necessary, created services that perished at the time of production and therefore did not contribute to wealth. Building on this theme, French economist Jean-Baptiste Say argued that production and consumption were inseparable in services, coining the term "immaterial products" to describe them.

In the modern day, Gustofsson & Johnson describe a continuum with pure service on one terminal point and pure [[commodity|commodity good]] on the other.<ref>Anders Gustofsson and Michael D. Johnson, Competing in a Service Economy (San Francisco: Josey-Bass, 2003), p.7.</ref> Most [[product (business)|products]] fall between these two extremes. For example, a [[restaurant]] provides a physical good (the [[food]]), but also provides services in the form of ambience, the setting and clearing of the table, etc. And although some utilities actually deliver physical goods — like water utilities that deliver water — utilities are usually treated as services.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}

==Service types==
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2023}}
The following is a list of service industries, grouped into sectors. Parenthetical notations indicate how specific [[profession|occupations]] and [[organization]]s can be regarded as service industries to the extent they provide an intangible service, as opposed to a tangible good.

* Business functions (that apply to all organizations in general)
** [[management consulting|Consulting]]
** [[Customer service]]
** [[Human resources]] administrators (providing services like ensuring that employees are paid accurately)
* [[cleanliness|Cleaning]], patronage, [[Maintenance, repair and operations|repair and maintenance]] services
** [[Gardener]]s
** [[Janitor]]s (who provide cleaning services)
** [[Mechanic]]s
* [[Construction]]
** [[Carpentry]]
** [[Electrician]]s (offering the service of making wiring work properly)
** [[Plumbing]]
* [[Death care industry|Death care]]
** [[Coroner]]s (who provide the service of identifying [[cadaver]]s and determining time and cause of death)
** [[Funeral home]]s (who prepare corpses for public display, cremation or burial)
* [[Dispute resolution]] and prevention services
** [[Arbitration]]
** [[Court]]s of [[law]] (who perform the service of dispute resolution backed by the power of the [[State (polity)|state]])
** [[Diplomacy]]
** [[Incarceration]] (provides the service of keeping criminals out of society)
** [[Law enforcement]] (provides the service of identifying and apprehending criminals)
** [[Lawyer]]s (who perform the services of [[advocacy]] and decisionmaking in many dispute resolution and prevention processes)
** [[Mediation]]
** [[Military]] (performs the service of protecting states in disputes with other states)
** [[Negotiation]] (not really a service unless someone is negotiating on behalf of another)
* [[Education]] (institutions offering the services of teaching and access to information)
** [[Library]]
** [[Museum]]
** [[School]]
* [[Entertainment]] (when provided live or within a highly specialized facility)
** [[Gambling]]
** [[Movie theater|Movie theatres]] (providing the service of showing a [[Film|movie]] on a big screen)
** Performing arts productions
** [[Sport]]
** [[Television]]
* Fabric care
** [[Dry cleaning]]
** [[Laundry]]
* [[Financial services]]
** [[Accountancy]]
** [[Bank]]s and [[building society|building societies]] (offering lending services and safekeeping of money and valuables)
** [[Real estate]]
** [[brokerage firm|Stock brokerages]]
** [[Tax services]]
** [[Valuation (finance)|Valuation]]
* [[Foodservice]] industry
* [[Health care]] (all health care professions provide services)
* [[Hospitality industry]]
* [[Information services (IT)|Information services]]
** [[Database]] services
** [[Data processing]]
** [[Interpreting]]
** [[Translation]]
* [[Logistics]]
** [[Transport]]
** [[Warehousing]]
** [[Stock management]]
** [[Packaging]]
* [[Personal grooming]]
** [[Body hair removal]]
** [[Dental hygienist]]
** [[hairstyle|Hairdressing]]
** [[manicure|Manicurist]] / [[pedicurist]]
* [[Public utility]]
** [[Electric power]]
** [[Natural gas]]
** [[Telecommunication]]s
** [[Waste management]]
** [[Water industry]]
* [[Risk management]]
** [[Insurance]]
** [[Security]]
* [[Social services]]
** [[Social work]]
** [[Childcare]]
** [[Elderly care]]

==List of countries by tertiary output==
{{Main|List of countries by GDP sector composition}}

== See also ==
* [[As a service]]
* [[Deliverable]]
* [[Good (economics)]]
* [[Intangible good]]
* [[List of economics topics]]
* [[Product (economics)]]
* [[Services marketing]]
* [[Universal basic services]]

==References==

{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
{{Refbegin|2}}
* SO Player :
*{{cite book|first1=Valarie A. |last1=Zeithaml|first2=A. |last2=Parasuraman|first3=Leonard L. |last3=Berry|title=Delivering Quality Service: Balancing Customer Perceptions and Expectations|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=RWPMYP7-sN8C}}|year=1990|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-02-935701-9}}
* Valerie Zeithaml, A. Parasumaran, Leonhard Berry (1990): ''[[SERVQUAL]]'' [http://www.12manage.com/methods_zeithaml_servqual.html]
* Sharon Dobson: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20120218084807/http://busfac32.cob.calpoly.edu/presentations/Sharon_Dobson/Ch08.ppt Product and Services Strategy]''
* John Swearingen: Operations Management{{dash}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20120517165804/http://online.uis.edu/spring2002/bus322/lectures/chap01/sld040.htm Characteristics of services]
* James A. Fitzsimmons, Mona J. Fitzsimmons: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20090325045451/http://www.belkcollege.uncc.edu/mjkhouja/02%20Nature.ppt Service Management{{dash}}Operations, Strategy, Information Technology]''
* Russell Wolak, Stavros Kalafatis, Patricia Harris: ''[http://members.byronsharp.com/empgens/emp1.pdf An Investigation Into Four Characteristics of Services]''
* [[Sheelagh Matear]], Brendan Gray, Tony Garrett, Ken Deans: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928200643/http://smib.vuw.ac.nz:8081/www/ANZMAC2000/CDsite/papers/m/Matear1.PDF Moderating Effects of Service Characteristics on the Sources of Competitive Advantage{{dash}}Positional Advantage Relationship]''
*{{cite book|first1=Robert |last1=Johnston|first2=Graham |last2= Clark|title=Service Operations Management: Improving Service Delivery|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=TOV7W1MH9fsC}}|year=2008|publisher=Financial Times/Prentice Hall|isbn=978-1-4058-4732-2}}
*{{cite book|editor-first1=John |editor-last1=Eatwell|editor-first2=Peter K. |editor-last2= Newman|editor-first3=Murray |editor-last3=Milgate|title=The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=jJp1vgAACAAJ|page=314}}|year=1991|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-333-37235-7 |first=Pascal |last=Petit |chapter=Services |volume=4 |pages=314–15}}
* [[Alan Pilkington]], Kah Hin Chai, "Research Themes, Concepts and Relationships: A study of International Journal of Service Industry Management (1990 to 2005)", International Journal of Service Industry Management, (2008) Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 83–110.
*{{cite book|first1=Steve |last1=Downton|first2=Hilbrand |last2= Rustema|first3=Jan |last3=van Veen|title=Service Economics: Profitable Growth with a Brand Driven Service Strategy|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=CiTWnQEACAAJ}}|date=1 August 2010|publisher=Novetum Service Management, Limited|isbn=978-9963-9838-0-3}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
*{{Commonscat-inline|Services (economics)}}
{{Microeconomics}}
{{Economics}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Service (Economics)}}
[[Category:Goods (economics)]]
[[Category:Services (economics)| ]]

User talk:103.129.191.221

2024-09-15T18:20:19Z

Tegel: Reverted edits by 103.129.191.221 (talk) to last version by ScottishFinnishRadish

== September 2024 ==

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User talk:38.109.5.24

2024-09-05T20:57:11Z

Tegel: Reverted edits by 38.109.5.24 (talk) to last version by Jake Wartenberg

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== June 2024 ==

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== July 2024 ==

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User talk:BrandonXLF

2024-09-03T14:55:30Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 2001:18C0:781:5600:0:0:0:81BF (talk) to last version by Robert McClenon

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== ''The Signpost'': 14 August 2024 ==

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== MoreDiffInfo icons in darkmode ==

It's hard to see [[User:BrandonXLF/MoreDiffInfo]]'s bomb/thumbs-up icons in darkmode. Could you use ones that are visible in light & dark modes? I found 2 that I'm using in [[User:Tom.Reding/MoreDiffInfo.js|my fork]] that work in both, and are both quite small (178 b & 314 b). Thank you for the tool!   ~ [[User:Tom.Reding|Tom.Reding]] ([[User talk:Tom.Reding|talk]] ⋅[[WP:DGAF|dgaf]])  11:19, 16 August 2024 (UTC)

:@[[User:Tom.Reding|Tom.Reding]] No problem and thanks for bringing this issue to my attention. I've decided to invert the colour of the current icons for dark mode. – [[User:BrandonXLF|BrandonXLF]] ([[User talk:BrandonXLF|talk]]) 13:43, 16 August 2024 (UTC)

== Re:Talk ==

Hello, You may not know me but this is my work and wasn't to be touched. I didn't appreciate this at all . [[Special:Contributions/174.67.167.46|174.67.167.46]] ([[User talk:174.67.167.46|talk]]) 17:26, 18 August 2024 (UTC)

== FFU helper ==

Thank you for the helpful script! I came across this but today, though:

At [[WP:FFU]], comment on a request with <code><nowiki>{{subst:ffu|afc}}</nowiki></code>, add the 7 day hold request and notify a user (in this case an IP adress). Notification is unexpectedly sent out twice (today at [[User talk:83.28.217.24]]). best, [[User:NotAGenious|NotAGenious]] ([[User talk:NotAGenious|talk]]) 14:53, 25 August 2024 (UTC)

:@[[User:NotAGenious|NotAGenious]] My best guess for what happened is that you accidentally pressed "Save" twice. I've updated the script so it can't be pressed twice anymore. Please let me know if it continues to happen. Thanks, – [[User:BrandonXLF|BrandonXLF]] ([[User talk:BrandonXLF|talk]]) 17:39, 25 August 2024 (UTC)

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== Your submission at [[Wikipedia:Articles for creation|Articles for creation]]: [[Draft:HTMX|HTMX]] (September 3) ==
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{{divbox|gray|3=Thank you for your submission, but the subject of this article already exists in Wikipedia. You can find it and improve it at [[:htmx]] instead.|}} Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit ''after they have been resolved''.
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[[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|talk]]) 06:42, 3 September 2024 (UTC)</div>

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Parameter

2024-09-03T14:55:25Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 2001:18C0:781:5600:0:0:0:81BF (talk) to last version by Bruce1ee

{{Short description|Variable used for specification}}
{{Other uses}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2011}}

A '''parameter''' ({{etymology|grc|''{{wikt-lang|grc|παρά}}'' ({{grc-transl|παρά}})|beside, subsidiary||''{{wikt-lang|grc|μέτρον}}'' ({{grc-transl|μέτρον}})|measure}}), generally, is any characteristic that can help in defining or classifying a particular [[system]] (meaning an event, project, object, situation, etc.). That is, a parameter is an element of a system that is useful, or critical, when identifying the system, or when evaluating its performance, status, condition, etc.

''Parameter'' has more specific meanings within various disciplines, including [[mathematics]], [[computer programming]], [[engineering]], [[statistics]], [[logic]], [[linguistics]], and electronic musical composition.

In addition to its technical uses, there are also extended uses, especially in non-scientific contexts, where it is used to mean defining characteristics or boundaries, as in the phrases 'test parameters' or 'game play parameters'.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}

==Modelization==
{{main|Modelization}}

When a [[system theory|system]] is modeled by equations, the values that describe the system are called ''parameters''. For example, in [[mechanics]], the masses, the dimensions and shapes (for solid bodies), the densities and the viscosities (for fluids), appear as parameters in the equations modeling movements. There are often several choices for the parameters, and choosing a convenient set of parameters is called ''parametrization''.

For example, if one were considering the movement of an object on the surface of a sphere much larger than the object (e.g. the Earth), there are two commonly used parametrizations of its position: angular coordinates (like latitude/longitude), which neatly describe large movements along circles on the sphere, and directional distance from a known point (e.g. "10km NNW of Toronto" or equivalently "8km due North, and then 6km due West, from Toronto" ), which are often simpler for movement confined to a (relatively) small area, like within a particular country or region. Such parametrizations are also relevant to the modelization of geographic areas (i.e. [[Map projection|map drawing]]).

==Mathematical functions{{anchor|Mathematics}}==

[[Mathematical function]]s have one or more [[Argument of a function|arguments]] that are designated in the definition by [[variable (mathematics)|variable]]s. A function definition can also contain parameters, but unlike variables, parameters are not listed among the arguments that the function takes. When parameters are present, the definition actually defines a whole family of functions, one for every valid set of values of the parameters. For instance, one could define a general [[quadratic function]] by declaring
:<math>f(x)=ax^2+bx+c</math>;

Here, the variable ''x'' designates the function's argument, but ''a'', ''b'', and ''c'' are parameters (in this instance, also called ''[[coefficient]]s'') that determine which particular quadratic function is being considered. A parameter could be incorporated into the function name to indicate its dependence on the parameter. For instance, one may define the base-''b'' logarithm by the formula
:<math>\log_b(x)=\frac{\log(x)}{\log(b)}</math>
where ''b'' is a parameter that indicates which logarithmic function is being used. It is not an argument of the function, and will, for instance, be a constant when considering the [[derivative (mathematics)|derivative]] <math>\textstyle\log_b'(x) = (x\ln(b))^{-1}</math>.

In some informal situations it is a matter of convention (or historical accident) whether some or all of the symbols in a function definition are called parameters. However, changing the status of symbols between parameter and variable changes the function as a mathematical object. For instance, the notation for the [[falling factorial power]]
:<math>n^{\underline k}=n(n-1)(n-2)\cdots(n-k+1)</math>,
defines a [[Polynomial#Polynomial functions|polynomial function]] of ''n'' (when ''k'' is considered a parameter), but is not a polynomial function of ''k'' (when ''n'' is considered a parameter). Indeed, in the latter case, it is only defined for non-negative integer arguments. More formal presentations of such situations typically start out with a function of several variables (including all those that might sometimes be called "parameters") such as
:<math>(n,k) \mapsto n^{\underline{k}}</math>
as the most fundamental object being considered, then defining functions with fewer variables from the main one by means of [[currying]].

Sometimes it is useful to consider all functions with certain parameters as ''parametric family'', i.e. as an [[indexed family]] of functions. Examples from probability theory [[#Probability theory|are given further below]].

===Examples===
* In a section on frequently misused words in his book ''The Writer's Art'', [[James J. Kilpatrick]] quoted a letter from a correspondent, giving examples to illustrate the correct use of the word ''parameter'':

<blockquote>W.M. Woods ... a mathematician ... writes ... "... a variable is one of the many things a ''parameter'' is not." ... The dependent variable, the speed of the car, depends on the independent variable, the position of the gas pedal.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>[Kilpatrick quoting Woods] "Now ... the engineers ... change the lever arms of the linkage ... the speed of the car ... will still depend on the pedal position ...'' but in a ... different manner''. You have changed a parameter"</blockquote>

* A [[parametric equaliser]] is an [[audio filter]] that allows the [[frequency]] of maximum cut or boost to be set by one control, and the size of the cut or boost by another. These settings, the frequency level of the peak or trough, are two of the parameters of a frequency response curve, and in a two-control equaliser they completely describe the curve. More elaborate parametric equalisers may allow other parameters to be varied, such as skew. These parameters each describe some aspect of the response curve seen as a whole, over all frequencies. A [[graphic equaliser]] provides individual level controls for various frequency bands, each of which acts only on that particular frequency band.
* If asked to imagine the graph of the relationship ''y'' = ''ax''2, one typically visualizes a range of values of ''x'', but only one value of ''a''. Of course a different value of ''a'' can be used, generating a different relation between ''x'' and ''y''. Thus ''a'' is a parameter: it is less variable than the variable ''x'' or ''y'', but it is not an explicit constant like the exponent 2. More precisely, changing the parameter ''a'' gives a different (though related) problem, whereas the variations of the variables ''x'' and ''y'' (and their interrelation) are part of the problem itself.
* In calculating income based on wage and hours worked (income equals wage multiplied by hours worked), it is typically assumed that the number of hours worked is easily changed, but the wage is more static. This makes ''wage'' a parameter, ''hours worked'' an [[independent variable]], and ''income'' a [[dependent variable]].

===Mathematical models===
In the context of a [[mathematical model]], such as a [[probability distribution]], the distinction between variables and parameters was described by Bard as follows:
:We refer to the relations which supposedly describe a certain physical situation, as a ''model''. Typically, a model consists of one or more equations. The quantities appearing in the equations we classify into ''variables'' and ''parameters''. The distinction between these is not always clear cut, and it frequently depends on the context in which the variables appear. Usually a model is designed to explain the relationships that exist among quantities which can be measured independently in an experiment; these are the variables of the model. To formulate these relationships, however, one frequently introduces "constants" which stand for inherent properties of nature (or of the materials and equipment used in a given experiment). These are the parameters.<ref>{{cite book |first=Yonathan |last=Bard |year=1974 |title=Nonlinear Parameter Estimation |page=11 |location=New York |publisher=[[Academic Press]] |isbn=0-12-078250-2 }}</ref>

===Analytic geometry===
{{Main|Parametric equation|Parametrization (geometry)}}

In [[analytic geometry]], a [[curve]] can be described as the image of a function whose argument, typically called the ''parameter'', lies in a [[interval (mathematics)|real interval]].

For example, the [[unit circle]] can be specified in the following two ways:

* ''implicit'' form, the curve is the locus of points {{math|(''x'', ''y'')}} in the [[Cartesian coordinate system|Cartesian plane]] that satisfy the relation <math display=block>
x^2 + y^2 = 1.
</math>
* ''parametric'' form, the curve is the image of the function <math display=block>
t \mapsto (\cos t, \sin t)
</math>with parameter <math>t \in [0, 2\pi).</math> As a [[parametric equation]] this can be written<math display=block>
(x,y)=(\cos t,\sin t).
</math>The parameter {{mvar|t}} in this equation would elsewhere in mathematics be called the ''[[independent variable]]''.

===Mathematical analysis===
In [[mathematical analysis]], integrals dependent on a parameter are often considered. These are of the form
:<math>F(t)=\int_{x_0(t)}^{x_1(t)}f(x;t)\,dx.</math>
In this formula, ''t'' is the argument of the function ''F'', and on the right-hand side the ''parameter'' on which the integral depends. When evaluating the integral, ''t'' is held constant, and so it is considered to be a parameter. If we are interested in the value of ''F'' for different values of ''t'', we then consider ''t'' to be a variable. The quantity ''x'' is a ''[[Bound variable|dummy variable]]'' or ''variable of integration'' (confusingly, also sometimes called a ''parameter of integration'').

===Statistics and econometrics===
{{main|Statistical parameter}}
In [[statistics]] and [[econometrics]], the probability framework above still holds, but attention shifts to [[statistical estimation|estimating]] the parameters of a distribution based on observed data, or [[Hypothesis testing|testing hypotheses]] about them. In [[Frequentist inference|frequentist estimation]] parameters are considered "fixed but unknown", whereas in [[Bayesian probability|Bayesian estimation]] they are treated as random variables, and their uncertainty is described as a distribution.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Efron |first=Bradley |date=2014-09-10 |title=Frequentist Accuracy of Bayesian Estimates |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265339596 |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref>

In [[estimation theory]] of statistics, "statistic" or [[estimator]] refers to samples, whereas "parameter" or [[estimand]] refers to populations, where the samples are taken from. A [[statistic]] is a numerical characteristic of a sample that can be used as an estimate of the corresponding parameter, the numerical characteristic of the [[statistical population|population]] from which the sample was drawn.

For example, the [[sample mean]] (estimator), denoted <math>\overline X</math>, can be used as an estimate of the ''mean'' parameter (estimand), denoted ''μ'', of the population from which the sample was drawn. Similarly, the [[sample variance]] (estimator), denoted ''S''2, can be used to estimate the ''variance'' parameter (estimand), denoted ''σ''2, of the population from which the sample was drawn. (Note that the sample standard deviation (''S'') is not an unbiased estimate of the population standard deviation (''σ''): see [[Unbiased estimation of standard deviation]].)

It is possible to make statistical inferences without assuming a particular parametric family of [[probability distribution]]s. In that case, one speaks of ''[[non-parametric statistics]]'' as opposed to the [[parametric statistics]] just described. For example, a test based on [[Spearman's rank correlation coefficient]] would be called non-parametric since the statistic is computed from the rank-order of the data disregarding their actual values (and thus regardless of the distribution they were sampled from), whereas those based on the [[Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient]] are parametric tests since it is computed directly from the data values and thus estimates the parameter known as the [[Correlation and dependence|population correlation]].

===Probability theory===
[[File:Poisson pmf.svg|thumb|right|These traces all represent Poisson distributions, but with different values for the parameter λ]]In [[probability theory]], one may describe the [[probability distribution|distribution]] of a [[random variable]] as belonging to a ''family'' of [[probability distribution]]s, distinguished from each other by the values of a finite number of ''parameters''. For example, one talks about "a [[Poisson distribution]] with mean value λ". The function defining the distribution (the [[probability mass function]]) is:
:<math>f(k;\lambda)=\frac{e^{-\lambda} \lambda^k}{k!}.</math>
This example nicely illustrates the distinction between constants, parameters, and variables. ''e'' is [[Euler's number]], a fundamental [[mathematical constant]]. The parameter λ is the [[mean]] number of observations of some phenomenon in question, a property characteristic of the system. ''k'' is a variable, in this case the number of occurrences of the phenomenon actually observed from a particular sample. If we want to know the probability of observing ''k''1 occurrences, we plug it into the function to get <math>f(k_1 ; \lambda)</math>. Without altering the system, we can take multiple samples, which will have a range of values of ''k'', but the system is always characterized by the same λ.

For instance, suppose we have a [[radioactivity|radioactive]] sample that emits, on average, five particles every ten minutes. We take measurements of how many particles the sample emits over ten-minute periods. The measurements exhibit different values of ''k'', and if the sample behaves according to Poisson statistics, then each value of ''k'' will come up in a proportion given by the probability mass function above. From measurement to measurement, however, λ remains constant at 5. If we do not alter the system, then the parameter λ is unchanged from measurement to measurement; if, on the other hand, we modulate the system by replacing the sample with a more radioactive one, then the parameter λ would increase.

Another common distribution is the [[normal distribution]], which has as parameters the mean μ and the variance σ².

In these above examples, the distributions of the random variables are completely specified by the type of distribution, i.e. Poisson or normal, and the parameter values, i.e. mean and variance. In such a case, we have a parameterized distribution.

It is possible to use the sequence of [[moment (mathematics)|moments]] (mean, mean square, ...) or [[cumulant]]s (mean, variance, ...) as parameters for a probability distribution: see [[Statistical parameter]].

==Computer programming==
{{Main|Parameter (computer programming)}}
In [[computer programming]], two notions of [[parameter (computer programming)|parameter]] are commonly used, and are referred to as [[Parameter (computer programming)#Parameters and arguments|parameters and arguments]]—or more formally as a '''formal parameter''' and an '''actual parameter'''.

For example, in the definition of a function such as
: y = ''f''(''x'') = ''x'' + 2,
''x'' is the ''formal parameter'' (the ''parameter'') of the defined function.

When the function is evaluated for a given value, as in
:''f''(3): or, ''y'' = ''f''(3) = 3 + 2 = 5,
3 is the ''actual parameter'' (the ''argument'') for evaluation by the defined function; it is a given value (actual value) that is substituted for the ''formal parameter'' of the defined function. (In casual usage the terms ''parameter'' and ''argument'' might inadvertently be interchanged, and thereby used incorrectly.)

These concepts are discussed in a more precise way in [[functional programming]] and its foundational disciplines, [[lambda calculus]] and [[combinatory logic]]. Terminology varies between languages; some computer languages such as [[C (programming language)|C]] define parameter and argument as given here, while [[Eiffel (programming language)|Eiffel]] uses an [[Parameter (computer programming)#Alternative convention in Eiffel|alternative convention]].

==Artificial Intelligence==

In [[artificial intelligence]], a [[probability distribution|model]] describes the probability that something will occur. Parameters in a model are the weight of the various probabilities. Tiernan Ray, in an article on GPT-3, described parameters this way: {{Blockquote
|text=
A parameter is a calculation in a neural network that applies a great or lesser weighting to some aspect of the data, to give that aspect greater or lesser prominence in the overall calculation of the data. It is these weights that give shape to the data, and give the neural network a learned perspective on the data.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/openais-gigantic-gpt-3-hints-at-the-limits-of-language-models-for-ai/ | title=OpenAI's gigantic GPT-3 hints at the limits of language models for AI | website=[[ZDNet]] }}</ref> }}

==Engineering==
In [[engineering]] (especially involving data acquisition) the term ''parameter'' sometimes loosely refers to an individual measured item. This usage is not consistent, as sometimes the term ''channel'' refers to an individual measured item, with ''parameter'' referring to the setup information about that channel.

"Speaking generally, '''properties''' are those physical quantities which directly describe the physical attributes of the system; '''parameters''' are those combinations of the properties which suffice to determine the response of the system. Properties can have all sorts of dimensions, depending upon the system being considered; parameters are dimensionless, or have the dimension of time or its reciprocal."<ref>{{cite book |first=John D. |last=Trimmer |year=1950 |title=Response of Physical Systems |location=New York |publisher=Wiley |page=13 }}</ref>

The term can also be used in engineering contexts, however, as it is typically used in the physical sciences.

==Environmental science==
In [[environmental science]] and particularly in [[chemistry]] and [[microbiology]], a parameter is used to describe a discrete chemical or microbiological entity that can be assigned a value: commonly a concentration, but may also be a logical entity (present or absent), a [[statistics|statistical]] result such as a [[Percentile|95 percentile]] value or in some cases a subjective value.

==Linguistics==
Within linguistics, the word "parameter" is almost exclusively used to denote a binary switch in a [[Universal Grammar]] within a [[Principles and Parameters]] framework.

==Logic==
In [[logic]], the parameters passed to (or operated on by) an ''open predicate'' are called ''parameters'' by some authors (e.g., [[Dag Prawitz|Prawitz]], "Natural Deduction"; [[Lawrence Paulson|Paulson]], "Designing a theorem prover"). Parameters locally defined within the predicate are called ''variables''. This extra distinction pays off when defining substitution (without this distinction special provision must be made to avoid variable capture). Others (maybe most) just call parameters passed to (or operated on by) an open predicate ''variables'', and when defining substitution have to distinguish between ''[[free variable]]s'' and ''[[bound variable]]s''.

==Music==
{{main|Musical parameter}}
In music theory, a parameter denotes an element which may be manipulated (composed), separately from the other elements. The term is used particularly for [[pitch (music)|pitch]], [[loudness]], [[duration (music)|duration]], and [[timbre]], though theorists or composers have sometimes considered other musical aspects as parameters. The term is particularly used in [[serial music]], where each parameter may follow some specified series. [[Paul Lansky]] and [[George Perle]] criticized the extension of the word "parameter" to this sense, since it is not closely related to its mathematical sense,<ref>{{Cite Grove |last=Lansky |first=Paul |last2=Perle |first2=George |title=Parameter|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> but it remains common. The term is also common in music production, as the functions of audio processing units (such as the attack, release, ratio, threshold, and other variables on a compressor) are defined by parameters specific to the type of unit (compressor, equalizer, delay, etc.).

==See also==
*[[Coefficient]]
*[[Coordinate system]]
*[[Function parameter]]
*[[Occam's razor]] (with regards to the trade-off of many or few parameters in data fitting)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mathematical terminology]]

Use–mention distinction

2024-09-03T14:55:22Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 2001:18C0:781:5600:0:0:0:81BF (talk) to last version by JCW-CleanerBot

{{short description|Difference between using a word and mentioning it}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}

In [[analytic philosophy]],<ref>Wheeler (2005) p. 568</ref> a fundamental distinction is made between the use of a term and the mere mention of it.<ref name="Devitt99">Devitt and Sterelny (1999) pp. 40–1</ref><ref name="Suine40p24">[[W.V. Quine]] (1940) p. 24</ref> Many philosophical works have been "vitiated by a failure to distinguish use and mention".<ref name="Devitt99"/> The distinction can sometimes be pedantic, especially in simple cases where it is obvious.<ref name="Devitt99" /><ref name="Derrida77p79"/>

The distinction between use and mention can be illustrated with the word "cheese":<ref name="Devitt99"/><ref name="Suine40p24"/>
# Cheese is derived from milk.
# "Cheese" is derived from the [[Old English]] word {{lang|ang|ċēse}}.

The first sentence is a statement about the substance called "cheese": it {{em|uses}} the word "cheese" to refer to that substance. The second is a statement about the word "cheese" as a [[Sign (linguistics)|signifier]]: it {{em|mentions}} the word without using it to refer to anything other than itself.

== Grammar ==
{{More citations needed|date=November 2010}}

In written language, ''mentioned'' words or phrases often appear between single or double [[quotation mark]]s (as in "The name 'Chicago' contains three vowels") or in [[italics]] (as in "When I say ''honey'', I mean the sweet stuff that bees make"). In philosophy, single quotation marks are typically used, while in other fields (such as linguistics) italics are much more common. Style authorities such as ''[[Strunk and White]]'' insist that mentioned words or phrases must always be made visually distinct in this manner. On the other hand, ''used'' words or phrases (much more common than mentioned ones) do not bear any typographic markings. In spoken language, or in absence of the use of stylistic cues such as quotation marks or italics in written language, the audience must identify mentioned words or phrases through semantic, pragmatic, and prosodic cues.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilson|first=Shomir|title=A Computational Theory of the Use-Mention Distinction in Natural Language|url=http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/11694|publisher=PhD Dissertation, University of Maryland|access-date=16 February 2013|year=2011}}</ref>

If quotation marks are used, it is sometimes customary to distinguish between the quotation marks used for speech and those used for mentioned words, with double quotes in one place and single in the other:
* When Larry said, "That has three letters", he was referring to the word 'bee'.
* With reference to 'bumbershoot', Peter explained that "The term refers to an umbrella".

A few authorities recommend against using different types of quotation marks for speech and mentioned words and recommend one style of quotation mark to be used for both purposes.<ref>For example, ''Butcher's Copy-Editing: the Cambridge Handbook for Editors, Copy-editors and Proofreaders.'' 4th edition, by Judith Butcher, Caroline Drake and Maureen Leach. Cambridge University Press, 2006. ''Butcher's'' recommends against the practice, but ''The Chicago Manual of Style'', section 7.58 (15th edition, 2003), indicates that "philosophers" use single quotes for a practice akin to the use/mention distinction, though it is not explained in this way.</ref>

== In philosophy ==
The general phenomenon of a term's having different [[references]] in different contexts was called ''[[Supposition Theory|suppositio]]'' (substitution) by medieval logicians.<ref>See Read, Stephen (2006). [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/medieval-terms Medieval Theories: Properties of Terms]. In [[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]].</ref> It describes how one has to substitute a term in a sentence based on its meaning—that is, based on the term's referent. In general, a term can be used in several ways. For nouns, they are the following:
* Properly with a ''[[Abstract and concrete|concrete]] and real referent'': "That is my ''pig''" (assuming it exists). (personal supposition)
* Properly with a ''concrete but unreal referent'': "Santa Claus's pig is very big." (also personal supposition)
* Properly with a ''generic referent'': "Any ''pig'' breathes air." (simple supposition)
* Improperly by way of ''metaphor'': "Your grandfather is a ''pig''". (improper supposition)
* As a ''pure term'': "''<nowiki/>'Pig''' has only three letters". (material supposition)

The last sentence contains a mention example.

The use–mention distinction is especially important in [[analytic philosophy]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Quotation|encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/quotation/#2.2|date=16 July 2005|access-date=5 October 2009}}</ref> Failure to properly distinguish use from mention can produce false, misleading, or meaningless statements or [[category error]]s. For example, the following sentences correctly distinguish between use and mention:
* "Copper" contains six letters, and is not a metal.
* Copper is a metal, and contains no letters.

The first sentence, a mention example, is a statement about the word "copper" and not the chemical element. The word is composed of six letters, but does not contain any kind of metal or other tangible thing. The second sentence, a use example, is a statement about the chemical element copper and not the word itself. The element is composed of 29 electrons and protons and a number of neutrons, but not any letters.

[[Stanisław Leśniewski]] was perhaps the first to make widespread use of this distinction and the [[fallacy]] that arises from overlooking it, seeing it all around in analytic philosophy of the time, for example in Russell and Whitehead's ''[[Principia Mathematica]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Simons|first=Peter|title=Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd edition|year=2006|publisher=Thomson Gale|isbn=0-02-866072-2|edition=e-book|author-link=Peter Simons (academic)|editor=Borchert, Donald M|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaphil04borc/page/n295 292]|chapter=Leśniewski, Stanisław|title-link=Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> At the logical level, a use–mention mistake occurs when two heterogeneous levels of meaning or context are confused inadvertently.{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}}

{{anchor|both use and mention}}
[[Donald Davidson (philosopher)|Donald Davidson]] told that in his student years, "quotation was usually introduced as a somewhat shady device, and the introduction was accompanied by a stern sermon on the sin of confusing the use and mention of expressions." He presented a class of sentences like
{{blockquote|Quine said that "quotation has a certain anomalous feature."}}
which both use the meaning of the quoted words to complete the sentence, and mention them as they are attributed to [[W. V. Quine]], to argue against his teachers' hard distinction. He said that quotations could not be analyzed as simple expressions that mention their content by means of [[Proper name (philosophy)|naming]] it or [[definite description|describing]] its parts, as sentences like the above would lose their exact, twofold meaning.<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1007/BF00126690| issn = 0040-5833| volume = 11| issue = 1| pages = 27–40| last = Davidson| first = Donald| title = Quotation| journal = Theory and Decision| date = March 1979| s2cid = 261211103}}</ref>

[[Self-reference|Self-referential]] statements mention themselves or their components, often producing logical [[paradox]]es, such as [[Quine's paradox]]. A mathematical analogy of self-referential statements lies at the core of [[Gödel's incompleteness theorem]] ([[diagonal lemma]]). There are many examples of self-reference and use–mention distinction in the works of [[Douglas Hofstadter]], who makes the distinction thus:

{{blockquote|When a word is used to ''refer'' to something, it is said to be being ''used''. When a word is ''quoted'', though, so that someone is examining it for its surface aspects (typographical, phonetic, etc.), it is said to be being ''mentioned''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Metamagical Themas |url=https://archive.org/details/metamagicalthema0000hofs |url-access=registration |last=Hofstadter |first=Douglas R. |year=1985 |page=[https://archive.org/details/metamagicalthema0000hofs/page/9 9]}}</ref>}}

Although the standard notation for mentioning a term in philosophy and logic is to put the term in quotation marks, issues arise when the mention is itself of a mention. Notating using italics might require a potentially infinite number of typefaces, while putting quotation marks within quotation marks may lead to ambiguity.<ref>{{cite book |title=Logic, Logic, and Logic |last=Boolos |first=George |author-link=George Boolos |year=1999 |page=398 |quote=In this 1995 paper, Boolos discussed ambiguities in using quotation marks as part of a [[formal language]], and proposed a way of distinguishing levels of mentioning using a finite number of marks, using "′" to modify the succeeding "°", as in: According to [[Willard Van Orman Quine|W. Quine]], Whose views on quotation are fine, °Boston° names Boston, and ′°°Boston°′° names °Boston°,  But 9 doesn't designate 9.}}</ref>

==Criticism==
Some analytic philosophers have said the distinction "may seem rather pedantic".<ref name="Devitt99" />

In a [[Limited Inc|1977 response to]] analytic philosopher [[John Searle]], [[Jacques Derrida]] mentioned the distinction as "rather laborious and problematical".<ref name="Derrida77p79">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ANhg9zaAtIC&pg=PA79|title=Limited Inc
|year=1977 |page=79|isbn=9780810107885 |last1=Derrida |first1=Jacques |publisher=Northwestern University Press
}}</ref>

== See also ==

* {{Annotated link |Haddocks' Eyes}}
* {{Annotated link |James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher}}
* {{Annotated link |Map–territory relation}}
* {{Annotated link |Metalanguage}}
* {{Annotated link |Pointer (computer programming)}}
* {{Annotated link |Quasi-quotation}}
* {{Annotated link |Scare quotes}}
* {{Annotated link |Sense and reference}}
* {{Annotated link |When a white horse is not a horse}}

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
* [[Derrida|Derrida, Jacques]] (1977) ''Limited Inc abc ...'' in ''[[Limited Inc]]''
* [[Michael Devitt]], [[Kim Sterelny]] (1999) [https://books.google.com/books?id=JwuHtulKe6AC&pg=PA40 ''Language and reality: an introduction to the philosophy of language'']
* [[W.V. Quine]] (1940) [https://books.google.com/books?id=5glxwVt_srEC ''Mathematical Logic''], §4 ''Use versus mention'', pp. 23–5
* Wheeler, Samuel (2005) ''Davidson as Derridean: Analytic Philosophy as Deconstruction'' in ''Cardozo Law Review'' Vol. 27–2 November 2005 [http://www.cardozolawreview.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=79%3Atable-of-contents-27-2&Itemid=14 ''Symposium: Derrida/America, The Present State of America's Europe'']

== Further reading ==
* A. W. Moore (1986) [https://www.jstor.org/pss/3328410 ''How Significant Is the Use/Mention Distinction?''] in ''Analysis'' Vol. 46, No. 4 (Oct. 1986), pp. 173–179

== External links ==
* "[https://web.archive.org/web/20050305154415/http://www.unconventional-wisdom.com/WAW/ROBERT.html Robert And The Use-Mention Distinction]", by William A. Wisdom, c. 2002
* "[http://www.xenodochy.org/gs/quotes.html On the use of Quotation Marks]", by Ralph E. Kenyon Jr. PhD, 29 December 1992, Revised 21 October 1993, Published in ''ETC: A Review of General Semantics'', Vol. 51 No 1, Spring 1994. (accessed: 26 August 2006).
* "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_9w8JougLQ The evolution of Confusion]", talk by [[Daniel Dennett]] AAI 2009, 4 October 2009

{{Philosophy of language}}
{{Metalogic}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Use-mention distinction}}
[[Category:Analytic philosophy]]
[[Category:Concepts in the philosophy of language]]
[[Category:Metalogic]]
[[Category:Conceptual distinctions]]

Flag of North Korea

2024-09-01T13:46:24Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 103.129.191.102 (talk) to last version by Wikipedialuva

{{Short description|National flag}}
{{good article}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox flag
| Name = Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| Image = Flag of North Korea.svg
| Nickname = Blue and Red Flag of the Republic
| Use = 111111
| Symbol = {{FIAV|111111}} {{FIAV|normal}} {{FIAV|Mirror}} {{FIAV|Vertical inapplicable}}
| Proportion = 1:2
| Adoption = 10 July 1948 (introduced) {{Start date|1948|09|08|df=y}} (adopted) 22 October 1992 (standardised)
| Design = A wide horizontal red stripe bordered above and below by a thin white stripe and a broad blue stripe. The red stripe is [[Charge (heraldry)|charged]] near the [[Hoist (flag)|hoist]] with a five-pointed [[red star]] inside a white circle.
| Alt =
| Designer = [[Kim Il Sung]]{{efn|North Korean government sources credit Kim Il Sung with designing the flag. This credit was previously given to North Korean artist Kim Chu-gyong. Pak Il, a Soviet-Korean interpreter, claims that it was designed by the government of the Soviet Union.}}
}}

The [[national flag]] of the [[North Korea|Democratic People's Republic of Korea]], commonly known as North Korea, consists of a wide horizontal red stripe bordered above and below by a thin white stripe and a broad blue stripe. The red stripe is [[Charge (heraldry)|charged]] near the [[Hoist (flag)|hoist]] with a five-pointed [[red star]] inside a white circle. The design of the flag is defined in the [[Constitution of North Korea|North Korean constitution]] and regulations regarding the use and manufacture of the flag are outlined in the country's national flag law. The North Korean government credits [[Kim Il Sung]], the country's founder and first leader, as the designer of the flag. The flag was officially adopted on 8 September 1948, with the passing of North Korea's first constitution by the [[Supreme People's Assembly]]. The North Korean flag is banned in [[South Korea]] by the [[National Security Act (South Korea)|National Security Act]].

{{TOC limit|3}}

== Names ==
In North Korea, the flag is known by various names, including the "Blue and Red Flag of the Republic" ({{lang|ko|람홍색공화국기[발]}}), the "Blue and Red National Flag" ({{lang|ko|람홍색국기}}), the "Red-Blue Five-Pointed Star Flag" ({{lang|ko|홍람오각별기}}), and the "Flag of the Republic" ({{lang|ko|공화국기}}).<ref>{{bulleted list|"{{lang|ko|람홍색공화국기}}" is mentioned in {{harvnb|Busan City News|2003}} and {{harvnb|Lee|2022}}|"{{lang|ko|람홍색공화국기발}}" is mentioned in {{harvnb|Kumsugangsan|2023}}.|"{{lang|ko|람홍색국기}}" is mentioned in {{harvnb|Oh|2024}}.|"{{lang|ko|홍람오각별기}}" is mentioned in {{harvnb|Hwang|2009}} and {{harvnb|Lee|2022}}.|"{{lang|ko|공화국기}}" is mentioned in {{harvnb|Busan City News|2003}}.}}</ref> In South Korea, it is known as the "Flag of the People's Republic" ({{lang|ko|인공기}}) or [[Pejorative|pejoratively]] as the "Flag of the Northern Puppet" ({{lang|ko|북괴기}}).{{sfn|Busan City News|2003}}{{sfn|Dong-A Ilbo|1965}}

== Design ==
The design of the flag is defined in Chapter VII, Article 170 of the Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, 1948 (2014 revision). It states:{{sfn|Socialist Constitution of the DPRK|2014|loc=Chapter VII, Article 170}}

{{blockquote|The national flag of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea consists of a central red panel, bordered both above and below by a narrow white stripe and a broad blue stripe. The central red panel bears a five-pointed red star within a white circle near the hoist. The ratio of the width to the length is 1:2.}}

The article was retained from the country's provisional constitution, which was drafted in late 1947 and adopted at a special session of the [[People's Assembly of North Korea]] in February 1948. During the session, assembly chairman [[Kim Tu-bong]] read the article describing the national flag (originally Article 100) and asked for opinions from delegates. Representative An Mong-yong expressed his concerns that the flag would fold easily when hoisted because of its length, and proposed changing the width-to-length ratio of the flag from 1:2 to 2:3. An's proposal was dismissed by Kim Tu-bong, who assured An that the existing dimensions would not be a problem.{{sfn|Tertitskiy|2016|pp=271–272}}

=== Symbolism ===
[[File:Vertical Flag of North Korea.svg|thumb|right|upright=0.7|{{FIAV|Vertical exclusive}} Vertical display of the national flag of North Korea]]

Different sources give conflicting explanations of the flag's symbolism. According to an article published on 8 August 2013 in the ''[[Rodong Sinmun]]'', the official newspaper of the ruling [[Workers' Party of Korea]], Kim Il Sung gave the following significance to the flag's elements after designing it:{{sfn|Tertitskiy|2014}}

{{blockquote|The red colour of the flag symbolises the anti-Japanese fervour, the red blood shed by the Korean patriots and the invincible might of our people firmly united to support the Republic. The white colour symbolises the one bloodline, one land, one language, one culture of our monoethnic country, which lived in purity. And blue stands for the gallant visage of our people, symbolising the spirit of the Korean people fighting for world peace and progress.}}

Pak Il, a [[Koryo-saram|Soviet-Korean]] interpreter who claims to have translated from [[Russian language|Russian]] the original flag designs proposed by the [[Soviet government]], claimed that the flag was initially intended to be hoisted vertically, and gave the following as the original explanation of the flag's symbolism:{{sfn|Tertitskiy|2016|p=270}}

{{blockquote|The red stripe was to symbolise the land of the new Korea, illuminated by the red star of [[communism]]. The blue stripes surrounding the flag were to symbolise the seas ([[Yellow Sea]] and the [[Sea of Japan]]) surrounding the [[Korean peninsula]].}}

The US [[Central Intelligence Agency]]'s ''[[The World Factbook|World Factbook]]'' meanwhile states that the colours of the flag{{snd}}red, white, and blue{{snd}}are considered [[national colours]] and symbolise, respectively: revolutionary traditions; purity, strength, and dignity; and sovereignty, peace, and friendship. It also states that the red star is a national symbol and represents [[socialism]].{{sfn|Central Intelligence Agency|2024}}

=== Construction ===
The North Korean government has specified sizes, colours, and manufacturing parameters in which the flag is to be made. They are detailed in Appendix I of the National Flag Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, 1992 (2012 revision). The width-to-length ratio of the flag is 1:2. Its measurements divide into six vertical sections, with the top and bottom sixths being blue stripes. The middle four-sixths further divide into 24 sections, with the top and bottom twenty-fourths being white stripes, and the other twenty-two twenty-fourths being red. The center of the red star (and of the white circle that surrounds it) is at half the flag's height and one-third of its width. The diameter of the white circle is two-thirds the combined height of the red and white stripes, while the imaginary circle described by the points of the red star has a diameter equal to half the height of the white stripe from the white circle's diameter. (The points of the red star do not touch the circumference of the white circle.){{sfn|National Flag Law of the DPRK|2012|loc=Appendix I}}

[[File:Flag of North Korea (construction sheet).svg|thumb|center|upright=2|Construction sheet of the national flag of North Korea]]

== Protocol ==
[[File:Photograph of flags of North Korea.jpg|thumb|upright|North Korean flags flying near the [[Kumsusan Palace of the Sun]]]]

The national flag law outlines regulations regarding the display and handling of the national flag. The North Korean flag is flown regularly from the [[Kumsusan Palace of the Sun]], government buildings, courtrooms, and diplomatic missions abroad. It may also be flown from "other required places and the government office buildings of overseas Korean residents' organizations".{{sfn|National Flag Law of the DPRK|2012|loc=Chapter III, Article 16}} Gold [[tassel]]s measuring one-eighth of the flag width may be attached to the fly side of flags flown during diplomatic ceremonies.{{sfn|National Flag Law of the DPRK|2012|loc=Chapter II, Article 9}} The flag is flown or draped as a symbol of the state during state holidays and memorial days, election days, and important state events.{{sfn|National Flag Law of the DPRK|2012|loc=Chapter III, Article 17}} Between April and September, the flag should be raised at around 7:00 to 8:00 a.m. and lowered at around 7:00 to 8:00 p.m. Between October and March, the flag should be raised at around 8:00 to 9:00 a.m. and lowered at around 5:00 to 6:00 p.m.{{sfn|National Flag Law of the DPRK|2012|loc=Chapter III, Article 15}} The flag must be raised and lowered slowly by a designated person with an assistant present. The flag must be raised to the end of the flagpole regardless of its use at full-mast or half-mast; in the latter case, the flag should be lowered after reaching the end.{{sfn|National Flag Law of the DPRK|2012|loc=Chapter III, Articles 28 and 30}} The flag may not be raised in severe weather conditions.{{sfn|National Flag Law of the DPRK|2012|loc=Chapter III, Article 27}} Damaged, faded or substandard flags must not be used.{{sfn|National Flag Law of the DPRK|2012|loc=Chapter III, Article 29}}

The national flag of North Korea takes precedent over other flags of the state, but not necessarily the flags of other countries. When the national flag is flown with other flags of the state, it should be flown first, either in the center or on the opposite left, and higher than the others. During a parade, it should be flown at the front of the procession. The North Korean flag should only be flown alongside the national flags of countries which recognise North Korea; in such cases, all flags must be of the same size and height.{{sfn|National Flag Law of the DPRK|2012|loc=Chapter III, Article 28}}

== History ==

=== Background ===
[[File:Kim-Il-sung 김일성 19461103election.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Kim Il Sung]] giving a speech in front of the [[Flag of the Soviet Union|Soviet flag]] and the ''[[taegukgi]]'' in 1946]]

Korea adopted its first national flag, the ''[[taegukgi]]'' ({{lang|ko|태극기}}) or "Flag of Great Extremes", in 1882. The ''taegukgi'' is a white field with a centered blue and red ''[[taegeuk]]'' (derived from the Chinese ''[[Taiji (philosophy)|taiji]]'') surrounded by four [[Bagua|trigrams]], representing sky, water, land, and fire. It was used by the [[Korean Empire]] up until [[Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910|its annexation]] by [[Empire of Japan|Imperial Japan]] in 1910. The [[flag of Japan]] subsequently replaced the ''taegukgi'' as the national flag flown on the Korean peninsula, and the ''taegukgi'' became a symbol of anti-Japanese resistance and [[Korean independence movement|Korean independence]].{{sfn|Tertitskiy|2016|pp=267–268}}

The [[Allies of World War II|Allies']] victory in [[World War II]] in 1945 resulted in Japan relinquishing control over Korea and the peninsula being divided into two occupation zones. The Soviet Union [[Soviet Civil Administration|occupied the northern half of Korea]] while the United States [[United States Army Military Government in Korea|occupied the southern half]]. The ''taegukgi'' was widely used in both occupation zones, and it was not until 1947 that the Soviets began proposing a new flag to their Korean allies.{{sfn|Tertitskiy|2016|pp=268–269}}

=== Creation ===

==== Official account ====
[[File:Proposed DPRK flag 1.svg|thumb|right|{{FIAV|proposal}} The design initially selected by Kim Il Sung, according to North Korean government sources]]

The North Korean government credits Kim Il Sung with designing the country's national flag. According to a ''[[Tongil News]]'' report of an article by the state-run ''Rodong Sinmun'', Kim Il Sung began expressing the necessity of a new national flag and emblem in January 1948. He argued that they were important for future national affairs and would strengthen national pride.{{sfn|Lee|2022}} A team of artists was tasked with proposing designs for the new flag. Kim Il Sung initially chose a design similar to the flag that was adopted, except its width-to-length ratio was 2:3 and the white circle was in the center and did not feature a charge. In February 1948, Kim Il Sung instructed the artists to change the ratio to 1:2, to add a five-pointed red star to the inside of the circle, and to move the circle towards the hoist.{{sfn|Choi|1999|p=99}} The flag design was then accepted by the Constitutional Reform Committee and written into the provisional constitution on 20 February 1948 and confirmed by a special committee of the People's Assembly on 28 April.{{sfn|Choi|1999|pp=99–100}} A ceremony was held on 10 July 1948 to lower the ''taegukgi'' and raise the new flag, but the new flag's adoption was not official until the passing of North Korea's first constitution by the Supreme People's Assembly on 8 September.{{sfn|Tertitskiy|2024|pp=39–41}}{{sfn|Choe|2018|pp=64}}{{sfn|Choi|1999|pp=100}} The flag design was standardised with the passing of the national flag law on 22 October 1992.{{sfn|National Flag Law of the DPRK|2012|loc=Appendix I}}

The decision to change the national flag was relatively unpopular among politically active Koreans at the beginning. [[Lyuh Woon-hyung]], for example, described the flag change as "not right". The [[Chondoist Chongu Party]] also criticised the new design and occasionally refused to participate in demonstrations under the flag.{{sfn|Tertitskiy|2016|p=274}} When the flag design in the provisional constitution was first read and debated, the representative Chong Chae-yong defended the ''taegukgi'' as a symbol of the Korean people's liberation, cherished by Koreans in both the north and south.{{sfn|Tertitskiy|2016|p=272}} Following the flag's approval by the People's Assembly in April, Kim Tu-bong felt it necessary to defend the new flag and published a book in August titled ''On the Establishment of the New National Flag and the Abolition of the Taegukgi''. In it, he praises the new flag as a symbol of the country's future and discredits the design of the ''taegukgi'' as overly complex, unintelligible, and rooted in superstition.{{sfn|Tertitskiy|2016|pp=274–275}}

The North Korean artist Kim Chu-gyong was originally credited by the North Korean government as the flag's designer. On the 30th anniversary of the founding of North Korea in 1978, he was given an award for designing the North Korean flag and emblem, and a book was published titled ''In the Embrace of Grace'', which included some of his collected writings. He also wrote a detailed account of how he was ordered by Kim Il Sung to make the designs in November 1947, titled ''The Story of Our Country's National Emblem and National Flag''.{{sfn|Lee|2019}}

==== Pak Il's account ====
Pak Il, a Soviet-Korean interpreter for the [[25th Army (Soviet Union)|Soviet 25th Army]], gave a different account of the flag's creation in two interviews, one to the Russian magazine ''Sovershenno Sekretno'' in 1992 and another to the South Korean newspaper ''[[The Dong-A Ilbo]]'' in 1993. According to Pak, the Soviets were responsible for proposing and designing the flag. In 1947, Soviet major general [[Nikolai Georgiyevich Lebedev]] summoned Kim Tu-bong to discuss whether the ''taegukgi'' should be retained by a newly-founded North Korea. Kim Tu-bong was in favour of keeping the ''taegukgi'' and attempted to explain to Lebedev the flag's significance within [[East Asian philosophy]]. Lebedev dismissed Kim Tu-bong's lecture as nonsense and superstition. A few months later, the Soviets sent a Russian-language document outlining their design to the 7th Department of the 25th Army. Pak was asked to translate it to Korean, and it eventually became the flag of North Korea.{{sfn|Tertitskiy|2016|pp=269–270}} Pak's account of the flag's creation was corroborated by fellow Soviet-Korean [[Chong Sang-jin]], who held prominent positions in the North Korean culture and propaganda ministry.{{sfn|Pak|1993}}

== Notable uses ==

=== In North Korean propaganda ===
The North Korean flag is frequently used in [[Propaganda in North Korea|state propaganda]]. For example, propaganda posters often include the national flag, but it is depicted less prominently than symbols of ''[[Juche]]'', North Korea's state ideology attributed to Kim Il Sung. American scholar Carter Matherly argues that this is meant to symbolise national unity under the guidance of ''Juche''.{{sfn|Matherly|2019|p=102}} Massive North Korean flags are also displayed during the [[Arirang Mass Games]] in Pyongyang. One such display is made by thousands of people holding up coloured cards.{{sfn|The Guardian|2015}}{{sfn|Burnett|2013|p=18}}

The North Korean village of [[Kijong-dong]], near the [[Military Demarcation Line]] and within the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone]], is the location of a {{convert|600|lbs|kg|order=flip|adj=on}} North Korean flag which flies from a {{convert|525|ft|m|order=flip|adj=on|abbr=off}} flagpole. It was constructed in response to the South Korean side's raising of a {{convert|300|lbs|kg|order=flip|adj=on}} flag on a {{convert|323|ft|m|order=flip|adj=on|abbr=off}} flagpole in [[Daeseong-dong]].{{sfn|Tan|2018}}{{sfn|Bonnett|2014|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=HyQeAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT104 104]}}{{sfn|Potts|1999}}

{{Gallery
| align = center
| File:Dprk pyongyang chuche monument 05.jpg | A North Korean flag flies near the ''[[Juche Tower]]'' in Pyongyang
| File:North Korea-Pyongyang-Arirang Mass Games-03.jpg | A massive North Korean flag at the Arirang Mass Games
| File:Gijeong-ri Flag.jpg | The North Korean flag flying on a {{convert|525|ft|m|order=flip|adj=on|abbr=off}} flagpole in Kijong-dong
}}

=== In South Korea ===
It is illegal to carry or raise the North Korean flag in South Korea; the country's [[National Security Act (South Korea)|National Security Act]] prohibits actions that may be interpreted as pro-communist.{{sfn|Rutherford|2014}}{{sfn|Nutley|2018}} However, certain exceptions have been made for regional and international sports competitions, such as the [[2002 Asian Games]] in [[Busan]], the [[2014 Asian Games]] in [[Incheon]], and the [[2018 Winter Olympics]] in [[Pyeongchang County|Pyeongchang]]. During the 2002 Asian Games, the North Korean flag was permitted to fly at five locations: the Busan Asian Games Organizing Committee, the event's main hotel, the press center, the athletes' village, and the conference room for representatives of participating countries. Nationals of all countries, including North Korea, were not permitted to carry North Korean flags.{{sfn|Kim|2002}} A volunteer raised the North Korean flag at the formal ceremonies of the 2014 Asian Games; every other competing country's flag was raised by a South Korean soldier.{{sfn|Kim|2014}}{{sfn|Park|2014}} The North Korean flag was flown at event venues during the 2018 Winter Olympics. However, the North Korean flag was not raised at the [[Pyeongchang Olympic Village]] during a public welcoming ceremony for competing countries. Instead, it was raised there at midnight, a day after the other competing countries' flags had already been raised. An official from the [[PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic & Paralympic Winter Games|Pyeongchang Olympic Organizing Committee]] explained that the decision was made to avoid causing controversy over possibly violating the National Security Act.{{sfn|Nutley|2018}}{{sfn|Kang|2018}} Anti-North Korea protesters burned the North Korean flag in front of the Olympic stadium hours before the games' opening ceremony.{{sfn|Reuters|2018}}

=== Outside of Korea ===
The North Korean flag has been mistakenly used by a number of international organisations to represent South Korea. The organising committee of the [[2003 Winter Universiade]] accidentally displayed the North Korean flag while explaining the accommodations for South Korean athletes. In 2008, the [[Asian Football Confederation]] used the North Korean flag in a post on its website about South Korea's previous hosting of the tournament. In 2023, the official website of the 28th Conference of the Parties to the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]] displayed the North Korean flag for South Korea in its list of participants.{{sfn|Kim|2023}}

The North Korean flag has also been used to insult or mock South Koreans online. For example, South Korean [[taekwondo]] athlete [[Park Tae-joon (taekwondo)|Park Tae-joon]]'s social media posts received numerous comments with North Korean flags in them after he won gold at the [[2024 Summer Olympics]].{{sfn|Kim|2024}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|North Korea|Heraldry}}
* [[List of North Korean flags]]
* {{annotated link|Order of the National Flag}}
* [[Flag of South Korea]]
* {{annotated link|Korean Unification Flag}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist|30em}}

=== Sources ===

==== Books ====
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |last1=Bonnett |first1=Alastair |title=Off the Map: Lost Spaces, Invisible Cities, Forgotten Islands, Feral Places and What They Tell Us About the World |date=17 April 2014 |publisher=Aurum |isbn=978-1-78131-267-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HyQeAwAAQBAJ |language=en }}
* {{cite book |last=Tertitskiy |first=Fyodor |title=Soviet-North Korean Relations During the Cold War: Unruly Offspring |date=2024 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-032-53730-6 |edition=1st |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003413332/soviet-north-korean-relations-cold-war-fyodor-tertitskiy |doi=10.4324/9781003413332 |access-date=13 August 2024 |archive-date=13 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813003046/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003413332/soviet-north-korean-relations-cold-war-fyodor-tertitskiy |url-status=live }}
{{refend}}

==== Journal articles ====
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite journal |last=Burnett |first=Lisa |title=Let Morning Shine over Pyongyang: The Future-Oriented Nationalism of North Korea's "Arirang" Mass Games |journal=Asian Music |date=2013 |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=3–32 |doi=10.1353/amu.2013.0010 |jstor=24256889 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24256889 |issn=0044-9202 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Choi |first=Chongko |script-title=ko:남북한(南北韓)의 국가상징(國家象徵)과 법(法) |trans-title=National Symbols of South and North Korea and Their Laws |url=https://s-space.snu.ac.kr/bitstream/10371/8796/1/law_v40n3_088.pdf |journal=Korea Society of Unification and North Korean Law Studies |date=1999 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=88–108 |access-date=16 August 2024 |archive-date=26 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826012800/https://s-space.snu.ac.kr/bitstream/10371/8796/1/law_v40n3_088.pdf |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last=Matherly |first=Carter |title=Examining Attitude Functions of North Korean Cultural Propaganda |journal=North Korean Review |date=2019 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=94–108 |jstor=26632424 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26632424 |issn=1551-2789 |access-date=16 August 2024 |archive-date=16 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816195036/https://www.jstor.org/stable/26632424 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last=Tertitskiy |first=Fyodor |title=Star and Stripes: History of the North Korean Flag and its Place in State Ideology |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351344516 |volume=3 |number=1 |date=August 2016 |journal=Journal of Contemporary Korean Studies |oclc=6848975723 |pages=265–284 }}
{{refend}}

==== News articles ====
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite news |title=Anti-North Korea protesters burn flags before opening ceremony |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/anti-north-korea-protesters-burn-flags-before-opening-ceremony-idUSKBN1FT0WI/ |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=8 February 2018 |ref={{harvid|Reuters|2018}} }}
* {{cite news |last=Hwang |first=In-pyo |title= |script-title=ko:북한바로알기 북한의 상징물들-인공기 |trans-title=Understanding the Truth About North Korea: North Korea's Symbols – the Flag of the People's Republic |url=https://www.unityinfo.co.kr/12158 |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=The Tongil Shinmun |date=26 November 2009 |language=ko |archive-date=19 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119001358/https://www.unityinfo.co.kr/12158 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Kang |first=Gyeong-joo |title= |script-title=ko:평창올림픽 선수촌에 北인공기만 하루 늦게 게양된 이유는? |trans-title=Why was the North Korean flag raised a day late at the Pyeongchang Olympic Village? |url=https://www.ajunews.com/view/20180201093142208 |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=[[Aju Business Daily]] |date=1 February 2018 |language=ko |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118191934/https://www.ajunews.com/view/20180201093142208 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Kim |first=Han-seok |title= |script-title=ko:인공기 응원 국보법 위반{{nbsp}}... 보디페인팅 등도 금지 |trans-title=Cheering for the North Korean Flag Violates the National Security Act – Body Painting Also Prohibited, Among Other Things |url=https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2002/09/18/2002091870111.html |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]] |date=18 September 2002 |language=ko |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118204032/https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2002/09/18/2002091870111.html |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Kim |first=Ji-seop |title= |script-title=ko:북한 입촌식에 인공기 게양 자원봉사자가 한 이유는 |trans-title=The reason why a volunteer raised the North Korean flag at North Korea's Olympic Village welcoming ceremony |url=https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/201409181697673681 |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=[[Hankook Ilbo]] |date=18 September 2014 |language=ko |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118213750/https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/201409181697673681 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Kim |first=Jun-hyung |title= |script-title=ko:박태준 '충격의 북한 국기 테러' 당했다{{nbsp}}... 비매너 논란? 정당하게 싸웠을 뿐인데 |trans-title=Park Tae-joon subjected to 'shock of North Korean flag terror'{{nbsp}}... Controversy over poor manners? It was just a fair fight |url=https://sports.news.nate.com/view/20240808n16634 |access-date=16 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240815063655/https://sports.news.nate.com/view/20240808n16634 |archive-date=15 August 2024 |work=Nate Sports |date=8 August 2024 |language=ko }}
* {{cite news |last=Kim |first=So-hee |title= |script-title=ko:태극기 대신 北 인공기 표기한 유엔 기후정상회의 |trans-title=UN Climate Summit Shows North Korean Flag Instead of Taegukgi |url=https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/A2023120614260001327 |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=[[Hankook Ilbo]] |date=6 December 2023 |language=ko |archive-date=26 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826012756/https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/A2023120614260001327 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Moo-kyung |title= |script-title=ko:북한미술산책: 북한의 국장과 국기를 도안한 월북 미술가 김주경 |trans-title=North Korea Art Walk: Kim Chu-gyong, the North Korean Artist Who Designed North Korea's Emblem and Flag |url=https://www.khan.co.kr/culture/culture-general/article/201907021107001 |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=[[Kyunghyang Shinmun]] |date=2 July 2019 |language=ko |archive-date=26 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826012901/https://www.khan.co.kr/culture/culture-general/article/201907021107001 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Gye-hwan |title= |script-title=ko:북한의 국기인 람홍색공화국기의 탄생 배경은? |trans-title=What is the story behind the creation of the Blue and Red Flag of the Republic, the flag of North Korea? |url=https://www.tongilnews.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=206079 |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=[[Tongil News]] |date=5 September 2022 |language=ko }}
* {{cite news |title=North Korea's Arirang mass games – in pictures |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2015/feb/17/north-koreas-arirang-mass-games-in-pictures |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=17 February 2015 |ref={{harvid|The Guardian|2015}} }}
* {{cite news |last=Nutley |first=Kevin |title=South Korea Makes Olympic Exception for North Korean Flag |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=[[Around the Rings]] |url=http://aroundtherings.com/site/A__62654/Title__South-Korea-Makes-Olympic-Exception-for-North-Korean-Flag/292/Articles |date=31 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623004702/http://aroundtherings.com/site/A__62654/Title__South-Korea-Makes-Olympic-Exception-for-North-Korean-Flag/292/Articles |archive-date=23 June 2018 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite interview |last=Pak |first=Il |title= |interviewer-last= |interviewer-first= |script-title=ko:'북한 人共旗(인공기) 舊(구)소련서 만들었다' 통역맡았던「러」거주 朴日(박일) 교수 증언 |trans-title='North Korean flag made in the former Soviet Union' – Testimony of Professor Pak Il, a Russian resident who was in charge of interpreting |url=https://newslibrary.naver.com/viewer/index.naver?articleId=1993092600209116001&edtNo=40&printCount=1&publishDate=1993-09-26&officeId=00020&pageNo=16&printNo=22299&publishType=00010 |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=[[The Dong-A Ilbo]] |date=26 September 1993 }}
* {{cite news |last=Park |first=Ji-yeon |title= |script-title=ko:인천아시안게임서 '北 인공기' 한국 응원단은 사용 안돼 |trans-title=Korean cheering squad will not use the 'North Korean flag' at the Asian Games in Incheon |url=https://www.lawtimes.co.kr/Legal-News/Legal-News-View/Content/Article?serial=87285 |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=The Law Times |date=12 September 2014 |language=ko |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118212212/https://www.lawtimes.co.kr/Legal-News/Legal-News-View/Content/Article?serial=87285 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Potts |first=Rolf |title=Korea's No-Man's-Land |url=http://www.salon.com/1999/02/03/feature_115/ |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=[[Salon.com|Salon]] |date=3 February 1999 |archive-date=15 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215050040/http://www.salon.com/1999/02/03/feature_115/ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Rutherford |first=Peter |title=Seoul reminds citizens of North Korea flag ban |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-games-asian-northkorea-flag-idUSKBN0H708Z20140912/ |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=12 September 2014 |archive-date=8 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208230247/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-games-asian-northkorea-flag-idUSKBN0H708Z20140912 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Tan |first=Yvette |title=North and South Korea: The petty side of diplomacy |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-43806930 |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=25 April 2018 |archive-date=2 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702144641/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-43806930 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Tertitskiy |first=Fyodor |title=Kim Tu Bong and the Flag of Great Extremes |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=[[Daily NK]] |date=20 June 2014 |url=http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?num=11993&cataId=nk03600 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702072234/http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk03600&num=11993 |archive-date=2 July 2016 }}
* {{cite news |title= |script-title=ko:태극기를 북괴기로 |trans-title=From the Taegukgi to the Flag of the Northern Puppet |url=http://newslibrary.naver.com/viewer/index.nhn?articleId=1965012700209203004&editNo=2&printCount=1&publishDate=1965-01-27&officeId=00020&pageNo=3&printNo=13311&publishType=00020 |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=[[The Dong-A Ilbo]] |date=27 January 1965 |language=ko |ref={{harvid|Dong-A Ilbo|1965}} }}
{{refend}}

==== Government publications ====
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |last=Choe |first=Yong Thae |title=A Grand Birth |date=2018 |access-date=16 August 2024 |publisher=[[Foreign Languages Publishing House (North Korea)|Foreign Languages Publishing House]] |location=Pyongyang |isbn=978-9946-0-1724-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/a-grand-birth }}
* {{cite web |title=Korea, North |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/korea-north/ |website=[[The World Factbook]] |access-date=16 August 2024 |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |date=24 July 2024 |ref={{harvid|Central Intelligence Agency|2024}} |archive-date=12 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812052526/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kn.html |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |last=Oh |first=Un Pyol |script-title=ko:람홍색국기아래서 |trans-title=Under the Blue and Red National Flag |url=http://www.rodong.rep.kp/ko/index.php?OEAyMDI0LTAxLTE0LU4wMThAMkBAQDFAMTg |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=[[Rodong Sinmun]] |date=14 January 2024 |language=ko-KP }}
* {{cite book |title=Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea |url=http://www.naenara.com.kp/en/book/download.php?4+4047#.pdf |year=2014 |access-date=16 August 2024 |publisher=[[Foreign Languages Publishing House (North Korea)|Foreign Languages Publishing House]] |location=Pyongyang |isbn=978-9946-0-1099-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030041832/http://www.naenara.com.kp/en/book/download.php?4+4047#.pdf |archive-date=30 October 2015 |url-status=dead |ref={{harvid|Socialist Constitution of the DPRK|2014}} }}
* {{cite web |script-title=ko:국기법 |trans-title=National Flag Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea |url=https://www.lawandnorthkorea.com/laws/national-flag-law-2012 |translator-last=Gang |translator-first=Daye |website=Law and North Korea |date=2012 |ref={{harvid|National Flag Law of the DPRK|2012}} }}
* {{cite news |script-title=ko:인공기 |trans-title=Flag of the People's Republic |url=https://www.busan.go.kr/news/column/view?dataNo=9323 |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=Busan City News |date=19 July 2003 |language=ko |ref={{harvid|Busan City News|2003}} |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118190645/https://www.busan.go.kr/news/column/view?dataNo=9323 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite magazine |script-title=ko:태권도를 사랑합니다 |trans-title=I love Taekwondo |url=http://www.korean-books.com.kp/KBMbooks/ko/periodic/mountain/20230430121417.pdf |magazine=Kumsugangsan |access-date=16 August 2024 |publisher=History of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea |date=May 2023 |issue=405 |language=ko |ref={{harvid|Kumsugangsan|2023}} |archive-date=3 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803051013/http://www.korean-books.com.kp/KBMbooks/ko/periodic/mountain/20230430121417.pdf |url-status=live }}
{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |last=Ahn |first=Sung-kyu |script-chapter=ko:인공기는 어떻게 만 들어졌나 |trans-chapter=How the North Korean Flag was Created |script-title=ko:바로 잡아야 할 우리 역사 37장면 |trans-title=37 Episodes of History which Need to Be Straightened Out |date=12 October 2012 |publisher=Institute for Korean Historical Studies |location=Seoul |pages=241–248 |url=https://www.krpia.co.kr/product/main?plctId=PLCT00006986 |access-date=1 August 2024 |archive-date=26 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826013523/https://www.krpia.co.kr/product/main?plctId=PLCT00006986 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal|last=Thomas|first=Dean|title=Flags and Emblems of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea|journal=Raven: A Journal of Vexillology|volume=21|year=2014|pages=95–115|issn=1071-0043|doi=10.5840/raven2014215 |language=ko}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|National flag of North Korea}}
* {{Wikiquote-inline}}
* {{FOTW|id=kp|title=North Korea}}
{{clear}}

{{National symbols of North Korea}}
{{Asia topic|Flag of|title=[[Flags of Asia]]}}
{{National flags}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:North Korea, Flag of}}
[[Category:Flags introduced in 1948]]
[[Category:Flags of Asia|Korea, North]]
[[Category:Flags of North Korea]]
[[Category:Flags with blue, red and white]]
[[Category:National flags|Korea, North]]
[[Category:National symbols of North Korea|Flag]]

Cazin

2024-08-28T18:07:35Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 151.177.58.135 (talk) to last version by KnowledgeNinjas

{{Infobox settlement 
| name = Cazin
| official_name = ''Grad Cazin'' Град Цазин City of Cazin
| native_name = Цазин
| image_skyline = Cazin_-_New_Square.jpg
| image_caption = City center square
| image_map = BiH municipality location Cazin.svg
| map_caption = Location of Cazin within Bosnia and Herzegovina
| pushpin_map = Bosnia and Herzegovina#Balkans
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_mapsize =
| settlement_type = [[List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina|City]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{BIH}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Entity]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Canton]]
| subdivision_name2 = {{flag|Una-Sana}}
| subdivision_type3 = Geographical [[region]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bosanska Krajina]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Nermin Ogrešević
| leader_party = [[People's European Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|NES]]
| area_total_km2 = 356
| population_total = 66149
| population_urban = 13863
| population_footnotes =
| population_as_of = Census 2013<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bhas.ba/obavjestenja/Preliminarni_rezultati_bos.pdf |title=Preliminarni Rezultati Popisa stanovništva, domaćinstava i stanova u Bosni i Hercegovini 2013. |access-date=2013-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123135507/http://www.bhas.ba/obavjestenja/Preliminarni_rezultati_bos.pdf |archive-date=2018-11-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| coordinates = {{coord|44|58|N|15|56|E|region:BA|display=inline,title}}
| area_code = +387 37
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| website = {{url|http://www.opcinacazin.ba}}
| image_flag = Zastava Cazina.svg
| image_shield = Grb Cazina.svg
| shield_size = 50px
}}

'''Cazin''' ({{lang-cyrl|Цазин}}) is a city located in [[Una-Sana Canton]] of the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]], an entity of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. It is situated in northwest Bosnia and Herzegovina in the [[Bosanska Krajina]] region, near the border with [[Croatia]]. As of 2013, it has a population of 66,149 inhabitants.

The municipality is often also called Cazinska Krajina. The town of Cazin is located on the main road which connects [[Bihać]] and [[Velika Kladuša]].

==History==
[[File:Bruner-Dvorak, Rudolf - Bosna, Cazin, mesita (ca 1906).jpg|thumb|Cazin in 1906|left|200x200px]]
Cazin has several historic places, some dating back to the 14th century. [[Ostrožac castle]] and Radetina Tower are located in Cazin. Cazin was the city of [[Knin]] [[Bishop]].<ref>HAMDIJA KREŠEVLJAKOVIĆ, 1953, STARI BOSANSKI GRADOVI (VIEUX BOURGS BOSNIAQUES)
https://www.fmks.gov.ba/download/zzs/1953/1-1953.pdf #page=32</ref>

From 1929 to 1941, Cazin was part of the [[Vrbas Banovina]] of the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]].{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}

The [[Cazin uprising]] of 1950, an armed anti-state rebellion of peasants, occurred in Cazin and neighboring [[Velika Kladuša]] and [[Slunj]], which were all part of Communist Yugoslavia at the time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cazin.net/cazin/20104-cazinska-buna-1950-danas-se-navrsavaju-62-godine-od-ustanka-u-krajini.html|title=CAZINSKA BUNA 1950: Danas se navršavaju 62 godine od ustanka u Krajini|publisher=Cazin|date=6 May 2012|access-date=11 February 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609074308/http://www.cazin.net/cazin/20104-cazinska-buna-1950-danas-se-navrsavaju-62-godine-od-ustanka-u-krajini.html|archive-date=9 June 2012}}</ref> The peasants revolted against the forced collectivization and [[Collective farming|collective farms]] by the Yugoslav government on the farmers of its country. Following a drought in 1949, the peasants of Yugoslavia were unable to meet unrealistic quotas set by their government and were punished. The revolt that followed the drought resulted in the killings and persecution of those who organized the uprising, but also many innocent civilians.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haber.ba/vijesti/bih/9007-klanjana-kolektivna-dzenaza-zrtvama-cazinske-bune-iz-1950-godine-foto.html|title=Klanjana kolektivna dženaza žrtvama Cazinske bune iz 1950. godine|publisher=Haber|date=11 May 2012|access-date=11 February 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222153014/http://www.haber.ba/vijesti/bih/9007-klanjana-kolektivna-dzenaza-zrtvama-cazinske-bune-iz-1950-godine-foto.html|archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiosarajevo.ba/novost/80388|title=Vera Kržišnik Bukić i Cazinska buna|publisher=Radio Sarajevo|date=4 May 2012|access-date=11 February 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222013106/http://www.radiosarajevo.ba/novost/80388|archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref> It was the only peasant rebellion in the history of Cold War Europe.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=USI4AAAAQBAJ&q=cazin+rebellion&pg=PT207|title=Rock and Hard Places: Travels to Backstages, Frontlines and Assorted Sideshows|year=2010|isbn=9781593763794|access-date=11 February 2014|last1=Mueller|first1=Andrew}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Settlements==
Aside from the urban area of Cazin, the city administrative area comprises the following settlements:
{{div col|colwidth=12em}}
* [[Bajrići (Cazin)|Bajrići]]
* [[Brezova Kosa]]
* [[Bukovica (Cazin)|Bukovica]]
* [[Crnaja (Cazin)|Crnaja]]
* [[Čajići]]
* [[Čizmići]]
* [[Ćehići]]
* [[Ćoralići]]
* [[Donja Barska]]
* [[Donja Koprivna]]
* [[Donja Lučka]]
* [[Glogovac (Cazin)|Glogovac]]
* [[Gornja Barska]]
* [[Gornja Koprivna]]
* [[Gornja Lučka]]
* [[Gradina (Cazin)|Gradina]]
* [[Hadžin Potok]]
* [[Kapići]]
* [[Kličići]]
* [[Kovačevići (Cazin)|Kovačevići]]
* [[Krakača]]
* [[Krivaja (Cazin)|Krivaja]]
* [[Liđani]]
* [[Liskovac (Cazin)|Liskovac]]
* [[Ljubijankići]]
* [[Majetići]]
* [[Miostrah]]
* [[Mujakići]]
* [[Mutnik]]
* [[Osredak (Cazin)|Osredak]]
* [[Ostrožac (Cazin)|Ostrožac]]
* [[Ostrožac na Uni]]
* [[Pećigrad]]
* [[Pivnice (Cazin)|Pivnice]]
* [[Pjanići]]
* [[Podgredina]]
* [[Polje (Cazin)|Polje]]
* [[Ponjevići]]
* [[Prošići]]
* [[Rošići]]
* [[Rujnica (Cazin)|Rujnica]]
* [[Skokovi]]
* [[Stijena, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Stijena]]
* [[Šturlić]]
* [[Šturlićka Platnica]]
* [[Toromani]]
* [[Tržac (Cazin)|Tržac]]
* [[Tržačka Platnica]]
* [[Tržačka Raštela]]
* [[Urga (Cazin)|Urga]]
* [[Vilenjača]]
* [[Vrelo (Cazin)|Vrelo]]
* [[Zmajevac (Cazin)|Zmajevac]]
{{div col end}}

==Demographics==
According to the 2013 census, the municipality of Cazin has a population of 66,149 inhabitants. The town of Cazin has a population of 13,863.

===Ethnic groups===
The ethnic composition of the municipality:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Ethnic group
! Population 1971
! Population 1981
! Population 1991<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hdmagazine.com/bosnia/census/cens-s.html|title=Bosnian Congres - census 1991 - North of Bosnia|publisher=Hdmagazine.com|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613171014/http://www.hdmagazine.com/bosnia/census/cens-s.html|archive-date=13 June 2013}}</ref>
! Population 2013<ref>{{cite web|title=POPIS STANOVNIŠTVA, DOMAĆINSTAVA I STANOVA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI, 2013. REZULTATI POPISA|url=http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf|website=popis2013.ba|access-date=9 May 2018|language=sr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224103940/http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf|archive-date=24 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bosniaks]]
|align="right"|43,880
|align="right"|55,401
|align="right"|61,693
|align="right"|63,463
|-
|[[Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Croats]]
|align="right"|175
|align="right"|122
|align="right"|139
|align="right"|320
|-
|[[Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Serbs]]
|align="right"|1,196
|align="right"|826
|align="right"|778
|align="right"|29
|-
|[[Yugoslavs]]
|align="right"|51
|align="right"|529
|align="right"|430
|align="right"|-
|-
|Others/Unspecified
|align="right"|166
|align="right"|232
|align="right"|369
|align="right"|2,337
|-
|'''Total'''
|align="right"|45,468
|align="right"|57,110
|align="right"|63,409
|align="right"|66,149
|}

==Religion==
About 99% of the population identifies as [[Islam|Muslim]]. Small minorities of [[Roman Catholics]] and [[Eastern Orthodox]] also exist.

==Sports==
Local football club [[FK Krajina Cazin|Krajina]] has spent two seasons at the top tier of the Bosnia and Herzegovina football pyramid, but has mainly played at the second and third level.

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
Cazin is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Develi]], Turkey<ref>{{cite web |title=Kardeş Belediyeler|url=https://www.develi.bel.tr/kurumsal/kardes-belediyeler|website=develi.bel.tr|publisher=Develi|language=tr|access-date=2020-12-28}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Kahramanmaraş]], Turkey<ref>{{cite web|title=Gradsko vijeće Cazin: Donesena odluka o bratimljenju Cazina sa turskom općinom Kahramanmaraš|url=https://rtvcazin.ba/gradsko-vijece-cazin-donesena-odluka-o-bratimljenju-cazina-sa-turskom-opcinom-kahramanmaras/|website=rtvcazin.ba|publisher=Radio-televizija Cazin|language=bs|date=2018-02-22|access-date=2020-12-28}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Cazin (Željeznički kolodvor).jpg|Cazin Srbljani (railway station)
Utvrda Ostrozac01.JPG|[[Ostrožac Castle|Cazin fortress]]
Hrad Ostrozac ze stejnojmenne visky.jpg|Cazin fortress
Ostrozac fortrees.jpg|Cazin fortress
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Una-Sana Canton]]
*[[Bosanska Krajina]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Cazin}}
* [http://www.bkkrajina.com.ba/ BK Krajina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504140418/http://www.bkkrajina.com.ba/ |date=2021-05-04 }}
* [http://www.cazin.net Cazin]
* [http://www.opcinacazin.ba Municipality of Cazin official website]

{{Una Sana Canton}}
{{Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cazin| ]]

Brčko

2024-08-28T18:07:33Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 151.177.58.135 (talk) to last version by 172.58.109.147

{{Infobox settlement


| name = Brčko 
| official_name =
| other_name =
| native_name = Брчко 
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina|City]]
| total_type = 
| motto = 
| image_skyline = Brčko (collage image).jpg
| imagesize =
| image_caption = Brčko
| image_flag =
| flag_size =
| image_seal =
| seal_size =
| image_shield =
| shield_size =
| image_blank_emblem =
| blank_emblem_type =
| blank_emblem_size =
| image_map = {{infobox mapframe}}
| mapsize =
| map_caption =
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 =
| image_dot_map =
| dot_mapsize =
| dot_map_caption =
| dot_x =
| dot_y =
| pushpin_map = Bosnia and Herzegovina#Balkans
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Bosnia and Herzegovina
| pushpin_mapsize = 
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{BIH}}
| subdivision_type1 = District
| subdivision_name1 = [[Brčko District]]
| subdivision_type2 = Geographical [[region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Posavina]]
| seat_type =
| seat =
| parts_type = 
| parts_style = 
| parts = 
| p1 =
| p2 = 
| government_footnotes =
| government_type =
| leader_title = [[List of mayors of Brčko|Mayor]]
| leader_name = Zijad Nišić ([[Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina|SBiH]])
| leader_title1 = President of the District Assembly
| leader_name1 = Siniša Milić ([[Alliance of Independent Social Democrats|SNSD]])
| leader_title2 = 
| leader_name2 = 
| established_title = 
| established_date = 
| area_magnitude =
| unit_pref = 
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 402
| area_land_km2 = 493 
| area_water_km2 =
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_percent = 
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m = 92
| elevation_ft =
| elevation_max_m =
| elevation_max_ft =
| elevation_min_m =
| elevation_min_ft = 
| population_as_of = 2013
| population_note =
| population_total = 39893
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone =
| utc_offset =
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST =
| coor_type = 
| coordinates = {{coord|44|52|38|N|18|48|40|E|region:BA|display=it}}
| postal_code_type = Postcode
| postal_code = 76100 ([[Pošte Srpske]]) 
76120 ([[BH Pošta]])
| area_code = +387 049
| website = {{URL|www.bdcentral.net}}
| footnotes =
| population_blank1 = 83516
| population_blank1_title = Brčko District
}}

'''Brčko''' ({{lang-sr-cyrl|Брчко}}, {{IPA-sh|br̩̂tʃkoː|pron}}) is a city and the administrative seat of [[Brčko District]], in northern [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. It lies on the banks of [[Sava|Sava river]] across from [[Croatia]]. As of 2013, it has a population of 39,893 inhabitants.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019|title=Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Bosnia and Herzegovina|url=https://www.popis.gov.ba/popis2013/doc/Knjiga2/K2_H_E.pdf|access-date=November 24, 2020}}</ref>

De jure, the Brčko District belongs to both entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and [[Republika Srpska]]) but in practice it is not governed by either; practically, Brčko is a self-governing [[Independent city|free city]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/may/14/brcko-bosnia-europe-only-free-city Welcome to Brčko, Europe’s only free city and a law unto itself].</ref>

==Name==
Its name is very likely linked to the ''[[Breuci]]'' (Greek Βρεῦκοι), one of the [[List of ancient tribes in Illyria|Pannonian tribes]] of the [[Illyrians]] who migrated to the vicinity of today's Brčko from the territories of the [[Yamnaya culture]] in the 3rd millennium BC. Breuci greatly resisted the [[Roman Empire|Romans]] but were conquered in 1st century BC and many were sold as [[slaves]] after their defeat. They started receiving Roman citizenship during [[Trajan|Trajan's]] rule.

A number of Breuci migrated and settled in [[Dacia]], where a town called [[Brețcu|Bereck or Brețcu]], a river ([[Brețcu River]]) and a mountain [[Munții Brețcului]] in today's [[Romania]] were named after them.<ref>Kiss Lajos: Földrajzi nevek etimológiai szótára Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1978 {{ISBN|963 05 1490 7}} 103. oldal '''Bereck'''-szócikk</ref>

==Geography==
[[Image:Brcko02.svg|thumb|200px|left|Brčko District and Brčko town]]

The city is on the north, riparian border of Bosnia, across the [[Sava|Sava River]] from the village of [[Gunja (Croatia)|Gunja]] in Croatia.

Brčko is the seat of the Brčko District, an independent unit of local self-government created on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina following an arbitration process. The local administration was formerly supervised by an international supervisory regime headed by [[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina|Principal Deputy High Representative]] who is also ''[[ex officio]]'' the Brčko [[International Supervisor for Brčko|International Supervisor]]. This international supervision was frozen since 23 May 2012.<ref name="picmeeting1">{{cite web | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235242/http://www.ohr.int/ohr-dept/presso/pressb/default.asp?content_id=47197 | url=http://www.ohr.int/ohr-dept/presso/pressb/default.asp?content_id=47197 | title=Press Conference Following the Meeting of the Steering Board of the Peace implementation Council |publisher=[[Office of the High Representative]] | date=2012-05-23 |access-date=2013-11-23 | archive-date=2013-12-02 | url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==
During the [[Exodus of Muslims from Serbia (1862)|1862 exodus of Muslims from Serbia]], some Belgrade Muslims who were expelled by the Serbian government settled in the town.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Özkan |first=Ayşe |title=The Expulsion of Muslims from Serbia after the International Conference in Kanlıca and Withdrawal of the Ottoman Empire from Serbia (1862-1867) |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/73930 |journal=Akademik Bakış}}</ref>

In the [[Bosnian War]], Brčko was the location of the [[Brčko bridge massacre]] on 30 April 1992. Later, it was the narrowest point of the [[Brčko corridor]] that connected two parts of [[Republika Srpska]].

Brčko was a geographic point of contention in 1996 when the U.S.-led [[Implementation Force]] (IFOR) built Camp McGovern between the villages of [[Brod (Brčko)|Brod]] and [[Brka]]. Camp McGovern under the overwatch of 3-5 CAV 1/BDE/1AR Division (US) commanded by LTC Anthony Cucolo was constructed from a war torn farming cooperative structure in the Zone of Separation (ZOS) for the purpose of establishing peacekeeping operations. The mission was to separate the forming warring factions. The ZOS was one kilometer wide of [[no man's land]], where special permission was required for Serbian or Bosnian forces to enter. Various checkpoints and observation points (OP's) were established to control the separation.

Although Brčko was a focal point for tension in the late 1990s, considerable progress in multi-ethnic integration in Brčko has since occurred including integration of secondary schooling. Reconstruction efforts and the Property Law Implementation Plan have improved the situation regarding property and return.
Today, Brčko has returned to a strategic transshipment point along the Sava River. The population of Brčko has not returned to its pre-war ethnic mix of Bosniaks, Serbs, and Croats. Brčko sits at the east–west apex of Republika Srpska, the ethnic Serb portion of Bosnia & Herzegovina, and as such is critical to the RS for its economic future.

Brčko was one of the main points discussed in the [[Dayton Peace Accords]]. After several weeks of intensive negotiation, the issue of Brčko was to be decided by international arbitration. Brčko Arbitration ruled in Feb 1997 that Brčko would be managed by an ambassadorial representative from the international community.<ref name="BrckoInterimAward">{{Cite web | title=Award - Arbitral Tribunal For Dispute Over Inter-Entity Boundary In Brcko Area | url=https://www.ohr.int/?p=110899&print=print | work=Brcko Arbitral Tribunal | publisher=[[Office of the High Representative]] | date=1997-02-14 | access-date=2023-10-25}}</ref> The first Ambassador to Brčko was an American with support staff from the UK, Sweden, Denmark & France. Brčko Arbitration in March 1998 suggested the Brcko area could be a special district,<ref name="BrckoSupplementalAward">{{Cite web | title=Supplemental Award - Arbitral Tribunal For Dispute Over Inter-Entity Boundary In Brcko Area | url=https://www.ohr.int/?p=110899&print=print | work=Brcko Arbitral Tribunal | publisher=[[Office of the High Representative]] | date=1998-03-15 | access-date=2023-10-25}}</ref> which they finally decided likewise in March 1999.<ref name="BrckoFinalAward">{{Cite web | title=Final Award - Arbitral Tribunal For Dispute Over Inter-Entity Boundary In Brcko Area | url=https://www.ohr.int/?p=111275&print=print | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025154937/https://www.ohr.int/?p=111275&print=print | work=Brcko Arbitral Tribunal | publisher=[[Office of the High Representative]] | date=1999-03-05 | access-date=2023-10-25 | archive-date=2023-10-25 | url-status=live}}</ref>

The first international organization to open office in Brčko at that time was the [[Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe]] (OSCE) headed by Randolph Hampton.

Following [[Peace Implementation Council|PIC]] meeting on 23 May 2012, it was decided to suspend, not terminate, the mandate of Brčko International Supervisor. Brčko Arbitral Tribunal, together with the suspended Brčko Supervision, will still continue to exist.<ref name="picmeeting1"/>

==Demographics==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Ethnic composition
|-
!
!2013<ref name="popis2013">{{cite web |title=Popis 2013 u BiH – Brčko District |url=http://www.statistika.ba/?show=12&id=30163 |website=statistika.ba}}</ref>
!1991<ref name="popis2013" />
!1981
!1971
!1961
|-
|'''Total'''
|39,893 (100.0%)
|41,406 (100.0%)
|31,437 (100.0%)
|25,337 (100.0%)
|17,949 (100,0%)
|-
|[[Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Serbs]]
|19,420 (48.68%)
|8,253 (19.93%)
|5,532 (17.60%)
|5,481 (21.63%)
|5,260 (29.31%)
|-
|[[Bosniaks]]
|17,489 (43.84%)
|22,994 (55.53%)
|16,725 (53.20%)
|15,651 (61.77%)
|5,431 (30.26%)
|-
|[[Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Croats]]
|1,457 (3.652%)
|2,894 (6.989%)
|2,157 (6.861%)
|2,663 (10.51%)
|2,472 (13.77%)
|-
|Others
|996 (2.497%)
|2,054 (4.961%)
|468 (1.489%)
|327 (1.291%)
|78 (0.435%)
|-
|[[Romani people in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Roma]]
|333 (0.835%)
|
|5 (0.016%)
|6 (0.024%)
|4 (0.022%)
|-
|[[Albanians in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Albanians]]
|77 (0.193%)
|
|86 (0.274%)
|115 (0.454%)
|65 (0.362%)
|-
|[[Yugoslavs]]
|60 (0.150%)
|5,211 (12.59%)
|6,351 (20.20%)
|952 (3.757%)
|4,250 (23.68%)
|-
|[[Montenegrins of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Montenegrins]]
|31 (0.078%)
|
|65 (0.207%)
|82 (0.324%)
|278 (1.549%)
|-
|[[Macedonians in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Macedonians]]
|24 (0.060%)
|
|16 (0.051%)
|19 (0.075%)
|35 (0.195%)
|-
|[[Slovenes in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Slovenes]]
|4 (0.010%)
|
|19 (0.060%)
|25 (0.099%)
|55 (0.306%)
|-
|[[Turks in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Turks]]
|2 (0.005%)
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Hungarians]]
|
|
|13 (0.041%)
|16 (0.063%)
|21 (0.117%)
|}

== Transport ==

===Rail===

A railway station is near the city centre on the line from [[Vinkovci]] to [[Tuzla]]. However, no passenger trains operate to Brčko anymore. The closest operating railway station is in [[Gunja, Croatia]]; just on the other side of the border.

=== Water ===
Brčko has the largest [[River-port|river port]] in Bosnia, on the [[Sava]] river.

==Sport==
Brčko has three [[Association football|football]] clubs ([[FK Jedinstvo Brčko]], [[FK Lokomotiva Brčko]], [[FK Izbor Brčko]], [[FK Dizdaruša Brčko]] and the youngest club [[FK Ilićka 01]]). They all play in the [[Second League of Republika Srpska]].
The city is home to some of the most successful [[volleyball]] teams in the country [[OK Mladost Brčko|Mladost]] and [[ŽOK Jedinstvo Brčko|Jedinstvo]].

==Education==
The city is home to an [[economics]] school of the [[University of East Sarajevo]] and a local [[theatre]] festival.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Brčko-panorama.jpg|Panorama of Brčko
File:Brčko noću.jpg|Brčko at night
File:Fontana - simbol grada.jpg|Fountain - the symbol of the city
</gallery>

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
Brčko is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Samsun]], Turkey<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-05 |title=Kardeş şehir Bosna Hersek heyeti, Samsun’da |url=https://www.milliyet.com.tr/yerel-haberler/samsun/kardes-sehir-bosna-hersek-heyeti-samsunda-6635476 |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=Milliyet |language=tr}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Smederevska Palanka]], Serbia<ref>{{cite web |title=Успјешно организован турнир млађих категорија у фудбалу|url=https://radiobrcko.ba/sport/uspjeshno-organizovan-turnir-mla-ih-kategorija-u-fudbalu/|website=radiobrcko.ba|publisher=Radio Brčko|language=bs|date=2014-08-29|access-date=2020-12-28}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[St. Louis]], United States<ref>{{cite web |title=Sister Cities|url=https://stlpartnership.com/who-we-are/our-teams/world-trade-center-st-louis/international-relations/sister-cities/|website=stlpartnership.com|publisher=St. Louis Economic Development Partnership|access-date=2020-12-28}}</ref>

==Notable people==
*{{ill|Bekim Sejranović|hr|Bekim Sejranović}}, writer
*[[Edo Maajka]], rapper
*[[Lepa Brena]], singer
*[[Edvin Kanka Cudic|Edvin Kanka Ćudić]], human rights activist
*[[Mladen Petrić]], Croatian footballer
*[[Vesna Pisarović]], singer
*[[Dženana Šehanović]], pianist
*[[Anton Maglica]], Croatian footballer
*[[Jasmin Imamović]], politician
*[[Nataša Vojnović]], Serbian fashion model
*[[Mato Tadić]], judge
*[[Brankica Mihajlović]], Serbian volleyball player, World and European champion, silver medalist at the [[2016 Summer Olympics]]
*[[Ines Janković]], Serbian fashion designer
*[[Nikola Kovač]], professional [[Counter-Strike: Global Offensive]] player

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Brčko}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.bdcentral.net}}
* [http://www.ebrcko.net/ Brčanski Informativni portal]

{{Brčko District}}
{{Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{List of European capitals by region}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brcko}}
[[Category:Brčko District]]
[[Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina–Croatia border crossings]]

User talk:103.249.21.111

2024-08-25T17:35:44Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 103.249.21.111 (talk) to last version by Bruce1ee

== August 2024 ==

[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:John of Reading|John of Reading]]. I wanted to let you know that one or more external links you added to [[:Phnom Penh]] have been removed because they seemed to be inappropriate for an encyclopedia. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:John of Reading|my talk page]], or take a look at our [[Wikipedia:External links|guidelines]] about links. Thank you. [[Category:User talk pages with Uw-spam1 notices|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[User:John of Reading|John of Reading]] ([[User talk:John of Reading|talk]]) 07:19, 25 August 2024 (UTC)
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[[File:Information orange.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at [[:HTTPS]]. Your edits appear to constitute [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]]. If you would like to experiment, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Repeated vandalism may result in the [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|loss of editing privileges]]. Thank you. —[[User:Bruce1ee|Bruce1ee]][[User talk:Bruce1ee|''talk'']] 13:53, 25 August 2024 (UTC)

Wikipedia talk:Be bold

2024-08-18T09:24:49Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 65.27.34.234 (talk) to last version by Shellwood

{{Talk header|WT:BOLD|WT:BEBOLD}}
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== Political Spectrum ==

This is coming from a kid who wants to be a politician one day. There is something which would require LOTS of people due to the sheer scale of how widespread this issue is, but a fix is badly needed and I cannot do it by myself since it would require the changing of Wikipedia's standards for a Political Position. Wikipedia currently uses a simple left-right divide under the "Political Position" For a Party or Faction, but this causes a lot of problems and we need a more detailed section for the political position. I am going to write this on other talk pages just so more people can see it. Anyone wanna help? [[User:Petjayso|Petjayso]] ([[User talk:Petjayso|talk]]) 02:33, 13 May 2023 (UTC)
:It is best to choose a single, relevant location for a conversation. [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Politics]] would be a good place to start a discussion about this issue. – [[User:Jonesey95|Jonesey95]] ([[User talk:Jonesey95|talk]]) 04:31, 13 May 2023 (UTC)

== Redirect from WP:JUSTDOIT was blanked ==

[[WP:JUSTDOIT]] now points to a page that just says "Giatricotloi". The blanking was made three weeks ago, first by an account [[User:Gebelil]] that no longer exists, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:JUSTDOIT&diff=prev&oldid=1221637408 then] by an IP account 65.25.1.132 and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:JUSTDOIT&diff=prev&oldid=1223560745 then] by another IP account 2001:ee0:229:14ce:d102:ed09:7ce3:c07b. I reverted again and will be taking it to [[WP:ANI]] shortly. [[User:Kire1975|Kire1975]] ([[User talk:Kire1975|talk]]) 03:57, 21 May 2024 (UTC)

== Adding a sentence ==

I’d like to add a sentence as follows:
{{cquote|The admonition "be careful" is especially important in relation to [[Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines|policies and guidelines]], where key parts may be phrased in a particular way to reflect a very hard-won compromise—which may not be obvious to those unfamiliar with the background. In these cases, it is also often better to [[WP:WPEDIT|discuss potential changes first]]. However, spelling and grammatical errors can and should be fixed as soon as they are noticed. Likewise, changes that merely rephrase, or make explicit what is already implied, or otherwise clarify existing policy, are less likely to be problematic for the bold editor, as compared to changes that substantively alter existing policy.}}
In future, if people get into hot water for boldly editing policy (as once happened to me), a person who raises this particular issue should not be ignored or dismissed, because it’s an important distinction, IMHO.[[User:Anythingyouwant| Anythingyouwant]] ([[User talk:Anythingyouwant|talk]]) 00:03, 3 June 2024 (UTC)
::Any comments, plaudits, or objections?[[User:Anythingyouwant| Anythingyouwant]] ([[User talk:Anythingyouwant|talk]]) 05:35, 4 June 2024 (UTC)
:* I'm not sure that this text will do anything to discourage [[Wikipedia:Status quo stonewalling|status quo warriors]] from opposing any change to policy and guidelines. And if it won't then it's [[wp:KUDZU|kudzu]]. - [[User:Butwhatdoiknow|Butwhatdoiknow]] ([[User talk:Butwhatdoiknow|talk]]) 16:25, 4 June 2024 (UTC)
::*[[User:Butwhatdoiknow]], the purpose of my proposal is to protect bold editors of policy from hostile administrative action (bans, blocks, et cetera) if they make a bold policy edit that merely rephrases, clarifies, makes more explicit. Bold policy edits can get an editor into a lot of trouble, especially if he relies upon those policy edits at some later date. But they shouldn’t get anyone in trouble if the bold policy edits do not make any *substantive* edits to policy. As you can see from the blockquote above, bold editors are already protected if they fix “spelling and grammatical errors”. Why stop there? I don’t care much whether bold policy edits are reverted or not, what I mostly care about is whether the bold editors are sanctioned for no good reason.[[User:Anythingyouwant| Anythingyouwant]] ([[User talk:Anythingyouwant|talk]]) 21:31, 4 June 2024 (UTC)
::*:I am a fairly bold editor of policies and guidelines and I too frequently run into status quo warriors, some of whom have been administrators. However, I have never faced hostile administrative action for making the original change (even when the reverting editor thought my change was substantive). Do you have an example of where that happened to you or someone else? - [[User:Butwhatdoiknow|Butwhatdoiknow]] ([[User talk:Butwhatdoiknow|talk]]) 22:09, 4 June 2024 (UTC)
::::*Well, it’s a very hard thing to search for, but I have my own experience with it. I repeatedly argued that my bold edit to policy did not change the substantive meaning of the policy, but no one seemed to think that was relevant (weeks after making the edit the issue had come up again at article talk so I referred to the policy which I had edited). It doesn’t make sense to me that this policy protects bold editors when they fix spelling and grammar, but not when they rephrase or make an implication explicit. So I’ve been topic-banned now for maybe 15 years or so. Not trying here to get out of the topic ban, just trying to prevent it from happening to other people. The edit I made was to [[WP:Consensus]], to clarify that there is not yet consensus to change article text until there is consensus on what it will be changed to. [[User:Anythingyouwant| Anythingyouwant]] ([[User talk:Anythingyouwant|talk]]) 22:47, 4 June 2024 (UTC)
::::*:Reading between the lines, you made a change that you believed was copy editing and, when another editor (or was it other editor'''s'''?) opposed the change, you repeatedly argued that the change was okay because it was not substantive. Ultimately, you received a topic ban. Do I have that right? - [[User:Butwhatdoiknow|Butwhatdoiknow]] ([[User talk:Butwhatdoiknow|talk]]) 16:15, 5 June 2024 (UTC)
::::::*Almost. I made a policy change that I believed was basically copy editing or clarifying what the policy already implied (I inserted a sentence which is described at the end of my last comment above) and, in the edit summary, mentioned that the change would be useful because of my experience at an article earlier that day. The policy change I made was not reverted as of weeks later. At that time the issue resurfaced at the original article where I noticed the problem, so I mentioned the changed policy at article talk. At that point, I was accused of having edited policy to advance my position in a content dispute, my policy edit was reverted, and I’ve been topic-banned. I appealed repeatedly for removal of the topic ban, asserting that the policy edit merely made explicit what was already implied, and I don’t recall that anyone ever denied that assertion, or agreed with that assertion, it was simply not considered relevant. The edit proposed above would ensure it’s relevant, next time it happens to someone else.[[User:Anythingyouwant| Anythingyouwant]] ([[User talk:Anythingyouwant|talk]]) 23:18, 5 June 2024 (UTC)
::::Whether justly or not, it appears that what happened to you arose from conduct that The Powers That Be believed was [[Wikipedia:Gaming the system]]. If I am right then adding the sentence you propose here seems unlikely to protect future editors in a similar situation. - [[User:Butwhatdoiknow|Butwhatdoiknow]] ([[User talk:Butwhatdoiknow|talk]]) 03:36, 6 June 2024 (UTC)
:::::They have refused to explain why making something explicit in a policy, that was already implicit, was gaming the system. In my view, it never can be gaming the system. If this present policy would address the matter then that would help future editors in this situation, because they could quote this policy. But you may have a point, because if “The Powers That Be” don’t like article content, then perhaps they will find some excuse to ban the editor who put it there, no matter what Wikipedia policies may say, but I like to think that such backhanded censorship is odious enough to be rare.[[User:Anythingyouwant| Anythingyouwant]] ([[User talk:Anythingyouwant|talk]]) 05:31, 6 June 2024 (UTC)
::::::I ''may'' have a point? I think you meant that I ''do'' have a point. 😉 - [[User:Butwhatdoiknow|Butwhatdoiknow]] ([[User talk:Butwhatdoiknow|talk]]) 17:31, 6 June 2024 (UTC)

User talk:69.194.186.74

2024-08-14T20:21:38Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 69.194.186.74 (talk) to last version by Joyous!

{{anonblock}}
== November 2023 ==

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== March 2024 ==

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== April 2024 ==

[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] [[Help:Getting started|Welcome to Wikipedia]]. We appreciate [[Special:Contributions/69.194.186.74|your contributions]], but in one of your recent edits to [[:Indium]], it appears that you have added [[Wikipedia:No original research|original research]], which is against Wikipedia's policies. Original research refers to material—such as facts, allegations, ideas, and personal experiences—for which no reliable, published sources exist; it also encompasses [[Wikipedia:No original research#Synthesis of published material that advances a position|combining published sources in a way to imply something that none of them explicitly say]]. Please be prepared to cite a [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|reliable source]] for all of your contributions. You can have a look at the [[Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1|tutorial on citing sources]]. Thank you. [[User:Joyous!|Joyous!]] [[User_talk:Joyous%21|Noise!]] 19:04, 24 April 2024 (UTC)
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User talk:69.194.186.76

2024-08-14T20:21:16Z

Tegel: Reverted edits by 69.194.186.76 (talk) to last version by Materialscientist

== February 2024 ==

[[File:Information orange.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] Please refrain from attempting to make unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to be [[WP:DE|disruptive]] and have been [{{fullurl:Special:AbuseLog|wpSearchUser=69.194.186.76}} disallowed by an edit filter.] If you would like to experiment, please use [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|the sandbox]]. Repeatedly attempting to perform disruptive actions may result in the [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|loss of editing privileges]]. Thank you. [[User:Materialscientist|Materialscientist]] ([[User talk:Materialscientist|talk]]) 04:34, 3 February 2024 (UTC)

User talk:69.194.186.75

2024-08-14T20:18:38Z

Tegel: Reverted edits by 69.194.186.75 (talk) to last version by The Stop Sign

File talk:Screenshot of edit summary box.png

2024-08-14T19:25:29Z

Tegel: Reverted edit by 117.20.116.88 (talk) to last version by Shellwood

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