Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Hycan A06

2024-10-14T01:23:54Z

TimWu007:

{{short description|Electric mid-size sedan}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Hycan A06
| image = Hycan A06 001.jpg
| manufacturer = [[Hycan]]
| aka = Elaris Jaco (Germany)
| production = 2022–present
| assembly = China: [[Hangzhou]] (Hycan Automobile Technology Co., Ltd)
| class = [[Mid-size car]]
| body_style = 4-door [[sedan (automobile)|sedan]]
| platform = H-GEA
| layout = [[Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout|Front-motor, FWD]] (A06/A06 Plus) [[Dual-motor, four-wheel-drive layout|Dual motors, AWD]] (A06 Dual Motors)
| wheelbase = {{convert|2850|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|4965|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1920|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1520|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|1640|kg|1|abbr=on}}
| related =
| motor = Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
| powerout = {{ubl
|{{convert|184|hp|PS kW|0|abbr=on}} (Hycan A06/A06 Plus)
|{{convert|218|hp|PS kW|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|462|hp|PS kW|0|abbr=on}} (A06 Dual Motors)
}}
| battery = {{cvt|60.04|–|71|kWh}} [[Lithium iron phosphate battery|LFP battery]]
| sp = uk
| transmission = 1-speed direct-drive
| electric_range = {{convert|520-630|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} [[CLTC]]
}}

The '''Hycan A06''' is a [[battery electric vehicle|battery electric]] [[Mid-size car|mid-size]] [[sedan (automobile)|sedan]] that is manufactured by [[Hycan]]. The A06 was officially launched in the Chinese market in August 2022.

==Overview==
[[File:Hycan_A06_002.jpg|thumb|left|Rear view]]

At the beginning of December 2022, Hycan presented its third production model and the first classic passenger car, complementing the offer previously created by electric crossovers. Its premiere was preceded by the debut of the '''Hycan Concept S''' prototype in November 2021,<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.carscoops.com/2021/11/the-hycan-concept-s-electric-sports-sedan-definitely-has-our-attention/ | title = The Hycan Concept S Electric Sports Sedan Definitely Has Our Attention | language = en | accessdate = 2023-01-05}}</ref> while the production model was given the name Hycan A06. The car took the form of a large, less than 5-meter high upper-class sedan, distinguished by a slim, elongated silhouette with a pointed, sharply outlined front. Its shape was dictated by the desire to obtain the best possible aerodynamic properties, which resulted in a record value. With a drag coefficient of Cx = 0.217, the Hycan A06 is the most streamlined Chinese car.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.electrive.com/2022/12/14/deliveries-of-the-hycan-a06-start-in-china/ | title = Deliveries of the Hycan A06 start in China | language = en | accessdate = 2023-01-05}}</ref>

The A06 is the first Hycan car built after the withdrawal from the joint-venture startup [[Nio Inc.|Nio]] and the initiative taken over entirely by [[GAC Group]]. Unlike the company's previous designs, instead of derivative components, a dedicated platform made of 65% high-performance steel was used.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202212/05/WS638d53f9a31057c47eba2a5e.html | title = Startup Hycan reveals A06 sedan | language = en | accessdate = 2023-01-05}}</ref>

The A06 passenger cabin has a minimalist design with light tones of finishing materials. The dashboard is dominated by two digital LCD displays, with a 10.25-inch virtual instrument display and a central 14.6-inch touchscreen. It supports Hycan's own operating system called HI-OS, compatible with the extensive Hycan Pilot semi-autonomous driving system.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.chinapev.com/ev-2/gac-nio-hycan/hycan-a06-is-officially-listed-with-priced-at-rmb-179800-269800/ | title = HYCAN A06 is officially listed With Priced at RMB 179,800-269,800 | language = en | accessdate = 2023-01-05}}</ref>

=== Sales ===
The Hycan A06 has been built exclusively for the domestic Chinese market, with pre-sales opening ahead of its August 2022 launch. Deliveries of the first units began in mid-December of the same year, starting with units in cheaper basic drive variants.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-01-05 |language=en |title=Deliveries of the Hycan A06 start in China |url=https://topcarnews.net/deliveries-of-the-hycan-a06-start-in-china-s186659.html}}</ref> The price of the cheapest A06 has been set at 179,800 yuan, with 269,800 yuan for the top-of-the-range Performance variant.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bobylev |first=Denis |date=2022-12-05 |title=Hycan A06 Launched In China With 462 HP And Starting Price Of 25,800 USD |url=https://carnewschina.com/2022/12/05/hycan-a06-launched-in-china-with-462-hp-and-starting-price-of-25800-usd/ |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=CarNewsChina.com |language=en-US}}</ref> In September 2023, the local startup [[Elaris]] expressed its willingness to sell in Germany under the name '''Elaris Jaco'''<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-01-04 |language=en |title=Elaris Jaco (ab 09/23) |url=https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/elaris/jaco/1generation/328987/}}</ref>.

== A06 Plus ==
In November 2023, during the Guangzhou Auto Show, an alternative, parallel variant called '''A06 Plus''' was presented. It was distinguished mainly by the styling of the front fascia, which was characterized by the division of the headlights into a horizontal light strip and additional lamp shades, characteristic and fashionable among Chinese manufacturers at that time. The interior also uses a different steering wheel. Technical parameters remained unchanged.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chen |first=Dong Yi |date=2023-11-18 |title=GAC Hycan A06 Plus electric sedan launched with 520 km range, priced at 19,300 USD |url=https://carnewschina.com/2023/11/18/gacs-hycan-a06-plus-electric-sedan-launched-with-520-km-range-priced-at-19300-usd/ |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=CarNewsChina.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Specifications==
The A06 is the fastest and most technically advanced electric car in the Chinese company's range. Its drive system in the top variant consists of two electric motors transmitting power to both axles and developing a total power of 462 HP and 534 Nm of maximum torque. With a maximum speed of {{cvt|180|km/h|abbr=on}}, the car accelerates to {{cvt|100|km/h|abbr=on}} in 3.7 seconds. The 71 kWh battery offers approximately {{cvt|560|km|abbr=on}} of range on a single charge.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.licarco.com/hycan-a06 | title = Hycan A06 | language = en | accessdate = 2023-01-05}}</ref> In addition, there are two cheaper and slower variants with one electric motor with a power of 184 HP or 218 HP.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.arenaev.com/gacs_hycan_a06_hits_the_chinese_dealerships_25000_starting_price-news-1074.php | title = GAC's Hycan A06 now available in China with a $25,000 starting price | language = en | accessdate = 2023-01-05}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Mid-size cars]]
[[Category:Sedans]]
[[Category:All-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Production electric cars]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 2022]]
[[Category:Hycan vehicles|A06]]

Huadu railway station

2024-10-13T17:10:13Z

TimWu007:

{{short description|Railway station in Huadu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong}}
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Huadu
| native_name = 花都
| native_name_lang = zh-Hans
| symbol = prdir
| symbol_location = cn
| image = Exterior, Huadu Railway Station, PRDIR 20230708-A.jpg
| caption = Exterior
| mlanguage = 
| address = [[Huadu District]], [[Guangzhou]], [[Guangdong]]
| borough =
| country = China
| coordinates =
| operator = [[Guangdong Intercity|Guangdong Intercity Railway Operation Co., Ltd.]]
| line = {{plainlist|
*[[Guangzhou–Foshan circular intercity railway]]
*[[Guangzhou–Qingyuan intercity railway]]
}}
| platforms = 6 (2 [[island platforms]] and 2 [[side platforms]])
| tracks = 6
| connections = {{rint|cn|rail}} [[Guangzhou North railway station]] {{rint|guangzhou|metro}} {{rint|guangzhou|9}} {{stl|GZM|Guangzhou North Railway Station}}
| structure = Elevated
| accessible = Yes
| code = HAA (Pinyin: HDU)
| opened = {{start date and age|2020|11|30|df=yes}}<ref name=open />
| services = {{adjacent stations|system=PRDIR
|line1=Guangzhou–Foshan East Ring|right1=Huachengjie
|line2=Guangzhou–Qingyuan intercity|left2=Letong
}}
}}

'''Huadu Railway Station''' ({{zh|s=花都站|hp=Huādū Zhàn}}) is a railway station located in [[Huadu District]], [[Guangzhou]], [[Guangdong]], [[China]]. It is located on the west side of [[Guangzhou North railway station]] and is used by [[Guangqing ICR]], [[Guangzhou East Ring ICR]]. It opened on 30 November 2020.<ref name=open /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grci.com.cn/xmdt/info_26.aspx?itemid=10035|title=广清城际铁路工务工程静态验收专业审查顺利完成|date=2020-07-06|accessdate=2020-07-21}}</ref><ref name=f1>{{cite web|url=http://finance.eastmoney.com/a/202006191527998150.html|date=2020-06-19|title=运输经营合同签订珠三角城际开通在即|work=Xinxi Shibao}}</ref> Passengers can get off at [[Guangzhou North Railway Station (Metro)|Guangzhou North Railway Station]] of [[Guangzhou Metro Line 9]] to reach there.<ref name="open">{{cite news|title=广清、广州东环城际开通|url=http://www.gz.gov.cn/xw/jrgz/content/post_6941800.html|work=[[Guangzhou Daily]]|date=2020-12-01}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commonscat}}
{{PRDIR|Guangzhou East Ring ICR=yes|Guangqing ICR=yes}}
{{Guangzhou-stub}}

{{coord missing|Guangdong}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Guangzhou]]
[[Category:Railway stations in China opened in 2020]]

Guangzhou Metro

2024-10-12T13:38:27Z

TimWu007: /* Short-term planning */

{{short description|Rapid transit railway in Guangzhou, China}}
{{for|the tram lines in Guangzhou|Guangzhou Tram}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox public transit
| box_width =
| name = Guangzhou Metro
| image = Guangzhou Metro logo.svg
| imagesize = 150px
| image2 = Jinshazhou Pearl River Bridge, Guangzhou 20220710-A.jpg
| caption2 = A [[Line 6 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 6]] train on the Jinshazhou Pearl River Bridge
| imagesize2 = 275px
| owner = City of Guangzhou
| locale = [[Guangzhou]] [[Foshan]]
| transit_type = [[Rapid transit]]
| operator = Guangzhou Metro Corporation
| began_operation = {{Start date and age|1997|06|28|df=yes}}
| lines = 16
| vehicles = 625 trains ({{as of|2021|lc=y}})<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gzmtr.com/ygwm/gsgk/qynb/202206/P020220627576559999572.pdf|script-title=zh:广州地铁2021年年报|trans-title=2021 Guangzhou Metro Annual Report|publisher=Guangzhou Metro Corporation|year=2022|language=zh, en|access-date=7 August 2022}}</ref>
| stations = 320<ref name=length202203 />
| ridership = 8.2 million (2018 Avg.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gzmtr.com/ygwm/gsgk/gsjs/|script-title=zh:集团简介|trans-title=Company Profile|publisher=Guangzhou Metro|year=2018|language=zh|access-date=13 March 2019|archive-date=22 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922141606/https://gzmtr.com/ygwm/gsgk/gsjs/|url-status=dead}}</ref> 10.62 million (6 June 2019 peak)<ref name="June6apr2019ridership">{{cite news|url=http://www.gzmtr.com/ygwm/xwzx/gsxw/201906/t20190610_63256.html|script-title=zh:1062万人次！广州地铁单日客流再创新高|publisher=Guangzhou Metro|date=20 June 2019|language=zh-hans|access-date=12 June 2019|archive-date=30 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830145711/http://www.gzmtr.com/ygwm/xwzx/gsxw/201906/t20190610_63256.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| annual_ridership = 3.31 Billion  (2019)<ref name="GZ2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.gzmtr.com/ygwm/gsgk/qynb/202007/P020200708606711177750.pdf|script-title=zh: 2019年报 / Annual Report 2019|publisher=Guangzhou Metro|language=zh-hans,en|year=2019|access-date=11 July 2020|archive-date=19 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019163413/https://www.gzmtr.com/ygwm/gsgk/qynb/202007/P020200708606711177750.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| system_length = {{convert|652.81|km|mi|1|abbr=on}}<ref name="length202203">{{Cite news |date=2021-09-27 |script-title=zh:广州地铁22号线首通段明日开通！未来将串联铁路机场 |trans-title=The initial section of Guangzhou Metro Line 22 will open tomorrow! The metro will connect railways and airports in the future |work=Southcn.com |url=https://news.southcn.com/node_54a44f01a2/6e893dfdc2.shtml |quote=开通后广州地铁运营总里程突破600公里，达到607.6公里，车站将增加至294座。}}</ref>
| track_gauge = {{track gauge|sg|allk=on}}
| el = {{plainlist|
* {{1,500 V DC|conductor=overhead}}{{efn|[[Line 1 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 1]], [[Line 2 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 2]], [[Line 3 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 3]], [[Line 7 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 7]], [[Line 8 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 8]], [[Line 9 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 9]], [[Line 13 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 13]] and [[Guangfo Metro|Guangfo Line]]}} and {{25 kV 50 Hz}}{{efn|[[Line 18 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 18]] and [[Line 22 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 22]]}}
* {{1,500 V DC|conductor=third rail}}{{efn|[[Line 4 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 4]], [[Line 5 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 5]], [[Line 6 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 6]], [[Line 14 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 14]] and [[Line 21 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 21]]. Overhead lines with same voltage used in the depots.}} and 600 V 50 Hz 3-phase AC{{efn|[[Zhujiang New Town Automated People Mover System|APM Line]]}}
}}<ref name="power" />
| minimum_radius_of_curvature = {{convert|206|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="nfdaily091214">{{cite news|url=http://epaper.nfdaily.cn/html/2009-12/14/content_6803870.htm|script-title=zh:广州地铁五号线月底开通|trans-title=Guangzhou Metro Line 5 to open at end of month|newspaper=[[Nanfang Daily]]|date=14 December 2009|language=zh-hans|access-date=21 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203185053/http://epaper.nfdaily.cn/html/2009-12/14/content_6803870.htm|archive-date=3 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|www.gzmtr.com}}
| map = [[File:Guangzhou Metro Network.png|275px]]
| map_state =
| alt =
| caption =
| area served =
| line_number =
| start =
| end =
| chief_executive =
| character =
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| s = 广州地铁
| t = 廣州地鐵
| p = Guǎngzhōu Dìtiě
| j = Gwong²zau¹ Dei⁶tit³
| y = Gwóngjàu Deihtit
| order = st
| showflag = jyp
}}

The '''Guangzhou Metro''' ({{zh|s=广州地铁|t=廣州地鐵|p=Guǎngzhōu Dìtiě|j=Gwong²zau¹ Dei⁶tit³}}) ({{IPAc-cmn|g|uang|3|.|zh|ou|1|.|d|i|4|.|t|ie|3}} and {{IPAc-yue|gw|ong|2|.|z|au|1|.|d|ei|6|.|t|it|3}}) is the [[rapid transit]] system of the city of [[Guangzhou]] in the [[Guangdong]] Province of China. It is operated by the state-owned Guangzhou Metro Corporation and was the fourth metro system to be built in [[mainland China]], after those of [[Beijing Subway|Beijing]], [[Tianjin Metro|Tianjin]], and [[Shanghai Metro|Shanghai]].

The earliest efforts to build an [[underground rapid transit]] system in Guangzhou date back to 1960. In the two decades that followed, the project was brought into the agenda five times but ended up abandoned each time due to financial and technical difficulties.{{sfn|Yu Dingyu|2006|loc=§ 1–1}}{{sfn|Yu Dingyu|2006|loc=§ 1–2}} Preparation of what would lead to today's Guangzhou Metro did not start until the 1980s, and it was not until 1993 that construction of the first line, Line 1, officially began.{{sfn|Yu Dingyu|2006|loc=§ 1–2}}{{sfn|Yu Dingyu|2006|loc=§ 3–2}} Line 1 opened four years later in 1997 with five stations in operation.<ref name="gzmetrohistory">{{cite web
|url = http://2010.163.com/10/0929/10/6HOAGBRO00863AUC.html
|script-title = zh:广州地铁发展历程
|trans-title = Development of Guangzhou Metro
|publisher = [[NetEase]]
|date = 29 September 2010
|language = zh-hans
|access-date = 8 October 2010
|archive-date = 7 July 2011
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110707060147/http://2010.163.com/10/0929/10/6HOAGBRO00863AUC.html
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>

{{As of|2022|05|01}}, Guangzhou Metro has 16 lines in operation, namely: [[Line 1 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 1]], [[Line 2 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 2]], [[Line 3 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 3]], [[Line 4 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 4]], [[Line 5 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 5]], [[Line 6 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 6]], [[Line 7 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 7]], [[Line 8 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 8]], [[Line 9 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 9]], [[Line 13 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 13]], [[Line 14 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 14]], [[Line 18 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 18]], [[Line 21 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 21]], [[Line 22 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 22]], [[Guangfo Metro|Guangfo Line]], and [[Zhujiang New Town Automated People Mover System|Zhujiang New Town APM]] reaching both the urban core and surrounding suburbs. Guangfo Line connects Guangzhou and Foshan and is the first metro line between two cities in the country.<ref name="gfmetro-ycwb" /> Daily service hours start at 6:00 am and end at midnight and daily ridership averages over 7 million.<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.gzmtr.com/ygwm/xwzx/gsxw/201704/t20170420_51169.html
| script-title = zh:广州地铁全程为你--公司新闻
| website = gzmtr.com
| access-date = 27 April 2017
| archive-date = 27 April 2017
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170427193253/http://www.gzmtr.com/ygwm/xwzx/gsxw/201704/t20170420_51169.html
| url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref name="annualreport13">{{cite web
| url = http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2017-07-07/doc-ifyhweua4198932.shtml
| script-title = zh:广州地铁上半年运客超13亿人次
| trans-title = Guangzhou Metro First Half of 2017 Provided 1.3 billion rides.
| publisher = Sina Corp
| year = 2017
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 8 July 2017
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url = http://cs.gzmtr.com/ckfw/
|script-title = zh:首尾班车时刻表
|trans-title = Schedules of first and last trains
|publisher = Guangzhou Metro Corporation
|language = zh-hans
|access-date = 24 November 2010
|archive-date = 31 December 2013
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131231082800/http://cs.gzmtr.com/ckfw/
|url-status = dead
}}</ref> Having delivered 3.029 billion rides in 2018, Guangzhou Metro is the [[Metro systems by annual passenger rides|third busiest metro system]] in the world and the 3rd largest in terms of length, after the metro systems of [[Beijing Metro|Beijing]] and [[Shanghai Metro|Shanghai]]. Guangzhou Metro operates 320 stations<ref name=length202203 />{{efn|271 stations if interchange stations are counted once. Nonoperational stations are not included.}} and {{convert|652.81|km|mi|1|abbr=on}}<ref name="length202203" /> of lines.

Extensive development of the metro network has been planned for the next decade, with construction started on [[Line 10 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 10]], [[Line 11 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 11]], and [[Line 12 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 12]], and extensions of Line 3, Line 5, Line 8, Line 13, and Line 14, [[Line 18 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 18]], [[Line 22 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 22]], as well as the extension of [[Line 7 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 7]] into [[Shunde District]] of [[Foshan]].

Some of the system's lines were designed to operate much faster than traditional metro lines, with stations far apart and faster trainsets regularly running at {{Convert|160|km/h|mph}}. Lines 18 and 22 are the fastest metro lines in China, a title previously held by [[Line 11 (Shenzhen Metro)|Line 11 of the Shenzhen Metro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burroughs |first=David |date=2020-09-28 |title=China debuts 160km/h metro train for Guangzhou |url=https://www.railjournal.com/fleet/china-debuts-160km-h-metro-train-for-guangzhou/ |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=International Railway Journal |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-29 |title=Guangzhou is Home to China's Fastest Subway Train |url=https://www.thatsmags.com/guangzhou/post/32502/guangzhou-is-building-china-s-fastest-subway-train |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=That's Guangzhou Online |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
=== Forays of the 1960s and 1970s ===
{{rquote|right|A city cannot be modernized without a metro system!|Chen Yu, Governor of Guangdong {{nowrap|1957–1967}}{{efn|The original text was "{{lang|zh-cn|一个城市，没有地铁就没有现代化！}}".{{sfn|Yu Dingyu|2006|loc=§ 1–1}}}}}}

Chen Yu ({{zh|s=陈郁}}), Governor of Guangdong in 1957–1967,<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.gd-info.gov.cn/books/dtree/showbook.jsp?paths=201&stype=v&siteid=mastersite&sitename=广东省情信息库
| script-title = zh:广东省志·政权志
| trans-title = Annal of Regimes, Annals of Guangdong
| publisher = Local Records Office of People's Government of Guangdong
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 25 November 2010
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20121130155849/http://www.gd-info.gov.cn/books/dtree/showbook.jsp?paths=201&stype=v&siteid=mastersite&sitename=%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E6%83%85%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%BA%93
| archive-date = 30 November 2012
}}</ref> was the first to have proposed an underground metro system for Guangzhou. In the summer of 1960, he ordered a secret geological survey of groundwater levels of Guangzhou. Six holes with an accumulated depth of {{val|1980|u=m}} were drilled in the [[karst]] and [[alluvial plain]]s in the city. The geological conditions of Guangzhou, despite their complexity, did not preclude the possibility of an underground metro system. Analysis of the survey data resulted in a confidential report titled ''Geological Survey for Guangzhou Underground Railway Project'' dated July 1961, the earliest one of such reports.{{sfn|Yu Dingyu|2006|loc=§ 1–1}}

In 1965, Chen Yu along with [[Tao Zhu]] ({{zh|s=陶铸}}), who had been the Governor of Guangdong and First Secretary of Guangdong Committee of the [[Chinese Communist Party]], proposed in the wake of the [[Gulf of Tonkin incident]] that a tunnel is built in Guangzhou for wartime evacuations and post-war metro development. Approved by the [[Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China|central government]], the project started in the spring of 1965. Due to its confidentiality in the context of intensification of the [[Vietnam War]], the project adopted the obscure name of "Project Nine" ({{zh|s=九号工程|t=九號工程|p=Jiǔ hào gōngchéng}}), where "Nine" was the number of strokes in "{{lang|zh-cn|地下}}", the Chinese word for "underground".{{sfn|Yu Dingyu|2006|loc=§ 1–2}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=地下腾龙三十九年圆梦 |url=http://gd.news.sina.com.cn/news/2009/09/20/665656.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902115805/http://gd.news.sina.com.cn/news/2009/09/20/665656.html |archive-date=2 September 2020 |access-date=13 November 2022 }}</ref>

As envisaged by Chen Yu, the metro system of Guangzhou would consist of two lines: a north–south line that would connect Nanfang Building to Sanyuanli via Renmin Lu and Jiefang Beilu, and an east–west line that would run from Xichang to [[Dongshan District, Guangzhou|Dongshan]] along today's Dongfeng Lu. The two lines roughly parallelled Line 2 and Line 1 of the modern days, respectively. The east–west line was never built, while Project Nine was dedicated to the north–south line. Over ten teams of miners were recruited for a project filled with hazards and perils. Constrained by extreme scarcity of time, monetary and material resources, the ambition to build a tunnel for the metro operation was scaled back— the capability to run trolleybuses was deemed acceptable. For ¥13 million, an {{convert|8|km|abbr=on}} long tunnel was completed in 1966. The tunnel was planned to be used as an air-raid shelter and eventual metro line;<ref>{{Cite web |title=往事：广州地下腾龙三十九年圆地铁梦_新闻中心_新浪网 |url=https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2009-09-16/012016303250s.shtml |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=news.sina.com.cn}}</ref> however, with a cross-section merely 3 m wide and 2.85 m tall, and exposed rocks and wooden trestles scattered everywhere, it was unusable for public transit. In the two decades that followed, four attempts were made to revive and expand Project Nine, first in 1970, next in 1971, then in 1974, and last in 1979. Due to lack of funds and complex geotechnical conditions, none of these efforts materialized.{{sfn|Yu Dingyu|2006|loc=§ 1–2}}

=== Construction of Line 1 ===
The metro project of Guangzhou was launched for the sixth time in 1984 as the Preparation Office of Guangzhou Metro, established back in 1979 as part of the last attempt to resurrect Project Nine, was moved out of the civil air-defense system and became a subordinate body of the Construction Commission of Guangzhou, bringing Guangzhou Metro into the scope of urban infrastructure development. Before the 1980s, war preparedness was the dominant tenet of underground infrastructure projects in mainland China. The construction of Guangzhou Metro marked the first deviation from the old doctrine as traffic itself became the prime consideration of the project.{{sfn|Yu Dingyu|2006|loc=§ 1–2}}

[[File:Guangzhou Metro 1988 route proposal en.svg|thumb|Metro network design of Guangzhou selected in 1988]]

The design of the initial metro network was a collaborative effort between China and France ([[SYSTRA]]).<ref>{{Cite web
| title = SYSTRA(上海)-公司业绩
| url = http://www.systra.com.cn/en/experience/systra_experience.html
| access-date = 22 May 2021
| website = systra.com.cn
}}</ref> Four tentative designs were published on 14 March 1988 edition of ''[[Guangzhou Daily]]''. From the four designs, one was selected based on expert and mass feedback. The selected design, featuring two intersecting lines, was the baseline typology for today's Line 1 and Line 2.{{sfn|Yu Dingyu|2006|loc=§ 1–2}}

Construction of Line 1 officially commenced on 28 December 1993, although work on a trial section at [[Huangsha Station|Huangsha]] had begun in October 1992, five months before the feasibility study of the line was ratified by the State Planning Commission{{efn|The State Planning Commission has since evolved into the [[National Development and Reform Commission]].}} in March 1993.{{sfn|Yu Dingyu|2006|loc=§ 1–2}}{{sfn|Yu Dingyu|2006|loc=§ 3–2}} Various technologies novel to China's construction industry at the time were adopted in different sections of the project, notably including [[immersed tube]]s (Pearl River Tunnel) and [[tunnel boring machine]]s (Huangsha–[[Martyrs' Park Station|Martyrs' Park]] section).{{sfn|Yu Dingyu|2006|loc=§ 3–2}} As the most massive urban infrastructure project in the history of Guangzhou, Line 1 required funding of [[Renminbi|¥]]12.75 billion, all of which was raised by the local government.{{sfn|Yu Dingyu|2006|loc=§ 2–1}} Use of [[cut-and-cover]] tunnels aggressively backed by then-mayor [[Li Ziliu]] necessitated the relocation of approximately 100,000 residents in 20,000 households and demolition of buildings totalling {{convert|1.1|km2|abbr=on}} in the area and earned Li the nickname "Li the Demolisher" ({{lang-yue|黎拆樓|translit=lai4 caak3 lau2}}).<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://news.sina.com.cn/richtalk/news/china/9812/122809.html
| script-title = zh:广州地铁一号线今告建成
| trans-title = Guangzhou Metro Line 1 completed today
| newspaper = Nanfang Daily
| date = 28 December 1998
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 4 December 2010
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| url = http://gcontent.oeeee.com/c/f9/cf9a242b70f45317/Blog/322/fe5c41.html
| script-title = zh:塞车被骂得最厉害,不建地铁不行
| trans-title = Traffic congestion was most criticized, therefore metro was a must
| newspaper = Southern Metropolis Daily
| date = 26 October 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 23 January 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150607003055/http://gcontent.oeeee.com/c/f9/cf9a242b70f45317/Blog/322/fe5c41.html
| archive-date = 7 June 2015
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

Three and a half years after construction started, the {{convert|5.4|km|abbr=on}} section from [[Xilang Station|Xilang]] to Huangsha opened for trial operation on 28 June 1997. The remaining {{convert|13|km|abbr=on}}, from Huangsha to [[Guangzhou East railway station]], was completed eighteen months later on 28 December 1998.{{sfn|Yu Dingyu|2006|loc=§ 3–3}} The entire line opened for sightseeing tours between 16 February and 2 March 1999, delivering 1.39 million rides 15 days before closing for final testing.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://news.sina.com.cn/richtalk/news/china/9903/030324.html
| script-title = zh:广州地铁今起封闭调试6月28日正式营运
| trans-title = Guangzhou Metro closed for testing today, to start operation on 28 June
| newspaper = Guangzhou Daily
| date = 3 March 1999
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 4 December 2010
}}</ref> Operation of Line 1 officially began on 28 June 1999, 34 years after the start of Project Nine in 1965.<ref name="gzmetrohistory" />

=== Accelerated expansion in the 2000s ===
[[File:Guangzhou metro evolution.gif|thumb|400px|Evolution of Guangzhou Metro]]

The success of Line 1 as a [[turnkey project]] acquired from [[Siemens]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://cn.siemens.com/cms/cn/English/TS/Mobility/Press/presscontent1/Pages/2007_12_18_1.aspx
| title = Siemens wins two orders to extend metro systems in Shanghai and Guangzhou
| publisher = Siemens
| date = 18 December 2007
| access-date = 22 January 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140204051239/http://cn.siemens.com/cms/cn/English/TS/Mobility/Press/presscontent1/Pages/2007_12_18_1.aspx
| archive-date = 4 February 2014
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> with 100% imported electromechanical equipment prompted a wave of similar proposals from twelve other cities in mainland China toward the end of the 1990s. The fever for import-centric rapid transit caused the State Planning Committee to temporarily halt approval of rapid transit projects nationwide and regulate the localization rates of rolling stock suppliers. Amid tightened regulation, only Line 2 of Guangzhou Metro received the immediate green light to proceed in June 1998 on the condition that at least 60% of its electromechanical equipment must be sourced domestically.{{sfn|Yu Dingyu|2006|loc=§ 6–3}}

Construction of Line 2 started in July 1998.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://sina.com.cn/c/2002-12-23/1653850724.shtml
| script-title = zh:广州地铁历程回顾
| trans-title = History of Guangzhou Metro
| publisher = [[Sina Corp]]
| date = 23 December 2002
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 23 January 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20031011143601/http://sina.com.cn/c/2002-12-23/1653850724.shtml
| archive-date = 11 October 2003
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> Rolling stock manufacturer [[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier]] airlifted the first two train cars in an [[An-124]] from Berlin to Guangzhou in November 2002 after schedule delays.{{sfn|Yu Dingyu|2006|loc=§ 6–3}}{{efn|The supplier had been [[Changchun Railway Vehicles|Changchun]] [[Adtranz]] Railway Vehicles, a Sino-German joint venture. Bombardier assumed Adtranz's position after acquiring the latter soon after the deal with Guangzhou Metro was signed.}} The first section, from {{stl|GZM|Sanyuanli}} to {{stl|GZM|Xiaogang}} opened on 29 December 2002; the remaining section from Xiaogang to {{stl|GZM|Pazhou}} opened on 28 June 2003.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2002-12-30/0855856883.shtml
| script-title = zh:广州地铁二号线首段开通市民评议挑出瑕疵
| trans-title = First section of Guangzhou Metro Line 2 opens, critiqued by local residents
| newspaper = Information Times
| date = 30 December 2002
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 23 January 2014
}}</ref><ref name="cns030629">{{cite news
| url = http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2003-06-29/0907286407s.shtml
| script-title = zh:广州地铁二号线贯通地铁公司将成为特大型企业
| trans-title = Guangzhou Metro Line 2 opens, metro company to become a large-scale enterprise
| publisher = [[China News Service]]
| date = 29 June 2003
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 23 January 2014
}}</ref> At ¥2.13 billion, the equipment cost of Line 2 was 53% lower than that of Line 1. This demonstrated the feasibility of cost reduction through procurement of domestic equipment, revealing a path to project approval to other Chinese cities and reigniting their aspirations to own a rapid transit system.{{sfn|Yu Dingyu|2006|loc=§ 6–3}}

The renewed craze for rapid transit across the country soon encountered a new round of tightened control on project approval around 2003. But Guangzhou was exempted along with Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen.<ref name="fsdaily101106">{{cite news
| url = http://epaper.citygf.com/szb/history/html/2010-11/06/content_282009982.htm
| script-title = zh:赵新文揭秘广佛地铁的心路历程
| trans-title = Zhao Xinwen recounts the history of Guangfo Metro
| publisher = Foshan Daily
| date = 6 November 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 23 January 2014
}}</ref> By the time Line 2 was completed, construction of Line 3, Line 4, and Guangfo Line had been underway,<ref name="cns030629" /> among which only Guangfo Line later fell to stringent regulation of approvals.<ref name="fsdaily101106" />

== Lines in operation ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="cell-padding:1.5; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"
| colspan="8" bgcolor="#fff" | [[File:Guangzhou-Foshan Metro Diagram by Tim.svg|center|690px]]
|-
! data-sort-type="text" style="width:120px;" | Line
! class="unsortable" colspan="2" style="width:500px; line-height:1.05;" | Terminals (District)
! Commencement
! Newest Extension
! style="line-height:1.05"| Length km
! style="line-height:1.05"| [[List of Guangzhou Metro stations|Stations]]
! Depots/ Stabling Sidings
|-
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| {{rint|guangzhou|1}}
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Xilang}}''' ([[Liwan District|Liwan]])
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Guangzhou East}}''' ([[Tianhe District|Tianhe]])
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 1997
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 1999
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 18.5
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 16
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| Xilang
|-
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| {{rint|guangzhou|2}}
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Guangzhou South}}''' ([[Panyu District|Panyu]])
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Jiahewanggang}}''' ([[Baiyun District, Guangzhou|Baiyun]])
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2002
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2010
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 31.8
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 24
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| Jiahe/Dazhou
|-
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| {{rint|guangzhou|3}}
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Panyu Square}}''' ([[Panyu District|Panyu]])
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Airport North}}''' ([[Huadu District|Huadu]]) '''{{stl|GZM|Tianhe Coach Terminal}}''' ([[Tianhe District|Tianhe]])
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2005
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2018
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 68.5
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 30
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| Jiahe/Xiajiao
|-
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| {{rint|guangzhou|4}}
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Nansha Passenger Port}}''' ([[Nansha, Guangzhou|Nansha]])
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Huangcun}}''' ([[Tianhe District|Tianhe]])
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2005
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2017
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 60.0
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 23
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| Xinzao
|-
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| {{rint|guangzhou|5}}
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Jiaokou}}''' ([[Liwan District|Liwan]])
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Huangpu New Port}}''' ([[Huangpu District, Guangzhou|Huangpu]])
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2009
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2023
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 41.7
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 30
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| Yuzhu/Shuanggang
|-
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| {{rint|guangzhou|6}}
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Xunfenggang}}''' ([[Baiyun District, Guangzhou|Baiyun]])
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Xiangxue}}''' ([[Huangpu District, Guangzhou|Huangpu]])
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2013
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2016
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 41.7
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 31
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| Xunfenggang/Luogang
|-
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| {{rint|guangzhou|7}}
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Meidi Dadao}}''' ([[Shunde District|Shunde, Foshan]])
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{nowrap|{{stl|GZM|Yanshan}}}}''' ([[Huangpu District, Guangzhou|Huangpu]])
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2016
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2023
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 54.24
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 27
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| Dazhou/Yifeng/Jitang
|-
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| {{rint|guangzhou|8}}
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Jiaoxin}}''' ([[Baiyun District, Guangzhou|Baiyun]])
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Wanshengwei}}''' ([[Haizhu District|Haizhu]])
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2003
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2020
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 33.9
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 28
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| Baiyunhu
|-
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| {{rint|guangzhou|9}}
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Fei'eling}}''' ([[Huadu District|Huadu]])
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Gaozeng}}''' ([[Baiyun District, Guangzhou|Baiyun]])
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2017
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| —
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 20.1
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 11
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| Qishan
|-
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| {{rint|guangzhou|13}}
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Yuzhu}}''' ([[Huangpu District, Guangzhou|Huangpu]])
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Xinsha}}''' ([[Zengcheng District|Zengcheng]])
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2017
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| —
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 28.3
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 11
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| Yuzhu/Guanhu
|-
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| {{rint|guangzhou|14}}
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Jiahewanggang}}''' ([[Baiyun District, Guangzhou|Baiyun]]) '''{{stl|GZM|Xinhe}}''' ([[Baiyun District, Guangzhou|Baiyun]])
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Dongfeng}}''' ([[Conghua District|Conghua]]) '''{{stl|GZM|Zhenlong}}''' ([[Huangpu District, Guangzhou|Huangpu]])
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2017
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2018
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 75.4
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 22
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| Shihu/Zhenlong/Dengcun
|-
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| {{rint|guangzhou|18}}
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Xiancun}}''' ([[Tianhe District|Tianhe]])
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Wanqingsha}}''' ([[Nansha, Guangzhou|Nansha]])
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2021
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| —
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 58.3
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 8
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| Longzhen/Wanqingsha
|-
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| {{rint|guangzhou|21}}
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Tianhe Park}}''' ([[Tianhe District|Tianhe]])
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Zengcheng Square}}''' ([[Zengcheng District|Zengcheng]])
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2018
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2019
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 61.5<ref name="201912length">{{cite web
| url = https://www.gz.gov.cn/gzgov/zxfwu/201912/6fa23b2c5caf4833aa5d393e37ee8200.shtml
| title = 广州地铁运营里程将突破500公里
| date = 19 December 2019
}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 21
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| Zhenlong/Xiangling
|-
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| {{rint|guangzhou|22}}
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Chentougang}}''' ([[Panyu District|Panyu]])
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Panyu Square}}''' (Panyu)
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2022
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| —
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 18.2
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 4
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| Longzhen/Chentougang
|-
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| {{rint|guangzhou|apm}}
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Canton Tower}}''' ([[Haizhu District|Haizhu]])
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Linhexi}}''' ([[Tianhe District|Tianhe]])
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2010
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| —
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 4.0
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 9
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| Chigang Pagoda
|-
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| {{rint|guangzhou|guangfo}}
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Xincheng Dong}}''' ([[Shunde District|Shunde, Foshan]])
| style="text-align:center; width:250px; line-height:1.05"| '''{{stl|GZM|Lijiao}}''' ([[Haizhu District|Haizhu]])
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2010
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 2018
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 39.6
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| 25
| style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"| Xianan
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan="5" style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05;" | Total
! 652.81<ref name=length202203 />
! 320<ref name=length202203 />
! style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05;" |
|}

=== Line 1 ===
[[File:Tianhe Sports Center Station Platform 1 202004.jpg|thumb|[[Tianhe Sports Center station]] of Line 1]]
{{Main|Line 1 (Guangzhou Metro)}}

Line 1 runs from Xilang to Guangzhou East railway station, with a total length of {{convert|18.5|km|abbr=on}}.
Except for [[Kengkou station (Guangzhou Metro)|Kengkou]] and Xilang, all stations in Line 1 are underground.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.urbanrail.net/as/guan/guangzhou.htm
| title = Guangzhou Metro
| publisher = UrbanRail.net
| access-date = 10 October 2010
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100302081742/http://www.urbanrail.net/as/guan/guangzhou.htm
| archive-date = 2 March 2010
}}</ref> Its first section, from Xilang to Huangsha, opened on 28 June 1997, making Guangzhou the fourth city in mainland China to have a metro system. The full line started operation two years later on 28 June 1999. Line 1's color is '''yellow'''.
{{clear}}

=== Line 2 ===
[[File:Nanpustation.jpg|thumb|[[Nanpu station]] of Line 2]]
{{Main|Line 2 (Guangzhou Metro)}}

Line 2 is a north–south line that runs from Jiahewanggang to Guangzhou South railway station. Until 21 September 2010, it ran from {{stl|GZM|Sanyuanli}} to Wanshengwei. Its first section, between Sanyuanli and {{stl|GZM|Xiaogang}}, opened on 29 December 2002. It was extended from Xiaogang to {{stl|GZM|Pazhou}} on 28 June 2003 and further to Wanshengwei a year later. The section between Xiaogang and Wanshengwei was split off to form part of Line 8 during 22–24 September 2010, when the operation was paused. The latest extension, from {{stl|GZM|Jiangnanxi}} to [[Guangzhou South railway station]] and from {{stl|GZM|Sanyuanli}} to {{stl|GZM|Jiahewanggang}}, opened on 25 September 2010 as the whole line resumed operation. The length of the current line is {{convert|31.4|km|abbr=on}}. All stations in Line 2 are underground.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/guangzhou/
| title = Guangzhou Metro Light Rail System, China
| publisher = railway-technology.com
| access-date = 10 October 2010
}}</ref> Line 2's color is '''deep blue'''.
{{clear}}

=== Line 3 ===
[[File:Shipaiqiao Station Platform 1 202005.jpg|thumb|[[Shipaiqiao station]] of Line 3]]

{{Main|Line 3 (Guangzhou Metro)}}

Line 3 is a {{convert|64.2|km|abbr=on}} Y-shaped line connecting [[Airport North station (Guangzhou Metro)|Airport North]] and Tianhe Coach Terminal to Panyu Square. All stations in the line are underground.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-12/26/content_506614.htm
| title = Fastest advanced metro starts service
| author = Cai Xiong
| newspaper = China Daily
| date = 26 December 2005
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 10 October 2010
}}</ref> When the line opened on 26 December 2005, trains operated between Guangzhou East railway station and [[Kecun station|Kecun]]. Following completion of the Tianhe Coach Terminal–Tiyu Xilu and Kecun–Panyu Square sections, the line was rerouted on 30 December 2006 to offer transfer-free connections between Panyu Square and Tianhe Coach Terminal via Tiyu Xilu. The Guangzhou East railway station–Tiyu Xilu section became a shuttle until it was extended northwards to Airport South on 30 October 2010. In official distinctions, the main route consists of the entire Tianhe Coach Terminal–Panyu Square section, while the Airport South–Tiyu Xilu section is a spur line.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.ycwb.com/epaper/ycwb/html/2010-10/29/content_958039.htm
| script-title = zh:明天下午2时地铁直达白云机场
| trans-title = Metro reaches Baiyun Airport tomorrow 2 pm
| newspaper = Yangcheng Evening News
| date = 29 October 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 10 November 2010
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101107043249/http://www.ycwb.com/ePaper/ycwb/html/2010-10/29/content_958039.htm
| archive-date = 7 November 2010
}}</ref> The spur line will be split off in the long term to form part of Line 10.<ref name="gzmetro2020">{{cite news
| url = http://www.ycwb.com/ePaper/ycwb/html/2010-04/27/content_812646.htm
| script-title = zh:2020年轨道交通线网规划
| trans-title = Layout of 2020 rail transit network
| newspaper = Yangcheng Evening News
| date = 27 April 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 23 August 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110724120614/http://www.ycwb.com/ePaper/ycwb/html/2010-04/27/content_812646.htm
| archive-date = 24 July 2011
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> Line 3 had been notorious for its crowding since it opened, for it ran three-car trains. That was partly relieved when all three-car trains started operating as six-car ones, connected in sets of two, on 28 April 2010.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://news.ycwb.com/2010-04/28/content_2503827.htm
| script-title = zh:地铁3号线今起全线车厢'3变6' 拥挤确有缓解
| trans-title = All metro Line 3 trains reconfigured from 3-car to 6-car today, crowding indeed relieved
| newspaper = Yangcheng Evening News
| date = 28 April 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 6 October 2010
}}</ref> Sectional services between Tonghe to Dashi are added from 7:30 to 8:30 every workday, partly solving the capacity issues.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gd.qq.com/a/20130522/002254.htm |script-title=zh:广州地铁3号线将加开同和-大石早高峰短线 |website=gd.qq.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820195424/http://gd.qq.com/a/20130522/002254.htm |archive-date=2016-08-20 |language=zh-CN}}</ref> Despite these changes, as of 2018, the line is still severely overcrowded. Line 3's color is '''bright orange'''.

{{clear}}

=== Line 4 ===
[[File:Nansha Passange Port Station Platform 1 Part 2.jpg|thumb|[[Nansha Passenger Port station]] of Line 4]]
{{Main|Line 4 (Guangzhou Metro)}}

Line 4 is a north–south line running parallel to Line 2 along the east of the city. It is {{convert|60.03|km|abbr=on}} long with 24 stations. The section of the line from [[Huangcun station|Huangcun]] to [[Xinzao station|Xinzao]], [[Feishajiao station|Feishajiao]] to [[Nansha Passenger Port station|Nansha Passenger Port]] are built underground, while that from Xinzao to Jinzhou is built at the [[Elevated railway|elevated track]].<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.newsgd.com/news/guangdong1/200607070055.htm
| title = 20-meter-high elevated section of Metro Line 4 to open by year's-end
| publisher = NEWSGD.com
| date = 7 July 2006
| access-date = 10 October 2010
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.newsgd.com/news/guangdong1/200704280038.htm
| title = Metro line No. 4 to link Jinzhou by the end of June
| publisher = NEWSGD.com
| date = 28 April 2007
| access-date = 10 October 2010
}}</ref> It was the first metro line in mainland China to use [[linear motor]] trains.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.gd.xinhuanet.com/gdnews/2005-11/28/content_5688642.htm
| script-title = zh:广州地铁四号线大学城专线下月26日试运行
| trans-title = Higher Education Mega Center Line of Guangzhou Metro Line 4 to start trial operation on 26th of next month
| newspaper = Guangzhou Daily
| date = 28 November 2005
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 4 October 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110716132657/http://www.gd.xinhuanet.com/gdnews/2005-11/28/content_5688642.htm
| archive-date = 16 July 2011
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> Its first section, from Wanshengwei to Xinzao, opened on 26 December 2005. Southwards, it was extended from Xinzao to [[Huangge Station|Huangge]] on 30 December 2006 and further to Jinzhou on 28 June 2007. Northwards, it was extended to Chebeinan on 28 December 2009. Southwards, it extended from Chebeinan to Huangcun, opened on 25 September 2010. Its latest extension, from Huangcun to Nansha Passenger Port, opened on 27 December 2017. Line 4's color is '''green'''.
{{clear}}

=== Line 5 ===
[[File:Sanxi Station Platform For Jiaokou.JPG|thumb|[[Sanxi station]] of Line 5]]

{{Main|Line 5 (Guangzhou Metro)}}
The {{convert|41.7|km|abbr=on}} long Line 5 starts at Jiaokou and runs to Huangpu New Port. It entered operation on 28 December 2009 between Jiaokou and Wenchong, and on 28 December 2023 between Wenchong and Huangpu New Port. All stations in the line except Jiaokou and [[Tanwei station|Tanwei]] are underground. Until Line 8 was split off from Line 2, it was the only line that interchanged with all other lines. Similar to Line 4, Line 5 also uses linear motor trains. Line 5's color is '''red'''.
{{clear}}

=== Line 6 ===
[[File:ZikMatJyunZaam Platform.jpg|thumb|[[Botanical Garden station (Guangzhou Metro)|Botanical Garden station]] of Line 6]]

{{Main|Line 6 (Guangzhou Metro)}}
The first stage of Line 6, a {{convert|24.5|km|abbr=on}} long phase one runs from [[Xunfenggang station|Xunfenggang]] to [[Changban station|Changban]] with 22 stations. It began service on 28 December 2013 and contains three elevated stations along the route. Construction of a 10-station, {{convert|17.2|km|abbr=on}} long extension to Xiangxue from Changban is entered revenue service in 2016. The line runs four-car trains, but stations of the east extension starting with South China Botanical Garden will be constructed with a provision to accommodate six-car trains in preparation for a route split in the future.<ref name="ycdtb110621">{{cite news
| url = http://ycdtb.dayoo.com/html/2011-06/21/content_1391924.htm
| script-title = zh:地铁六号线二期工程正式启动
| trans-title = Construction of 2nd phase of Metro Line 6 officially starts
| publisher = Guangzhou Metro Daily
| date = 21 June 2011
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 1 July 2011
}}</ref> Line 6's color is '''maroon'''.
{{clear}}

=== Line 7 ===
[[File:Platform 1, Chencun Station, Guangzhou Metro 20220503.jpg|thumb|[[Chencun station (Guangzhou Metro)|Chencun]] station of Line 7]]
{{Main|Line 7 (Guangzhou Metro)}}
The first phase of Line 7 began service on 28 December 2016 and ran from [[Guangzhou South railway station]] to [[Higher Education Mega Center South station|Higher Education Mega Center South]] in [[Panyu District]] throughout {{convert|18.6|km|abbr=on}}. The phase 1 west extension opened on 1 May 2022 from [[Guangzhou South railway station]] to [[Meidi Dadao station]]. Six-car trains are used. All stations are underground.<ref name="it130419">{{cite news
| url = http://informationtimes.dayoo.com/html/2013-04/19/content_2219406.htm
| script-title = zh:地铁七号线9座车站6座已动工
| trans-title = Six of nine stations of metro Line 7 under construction
| newspaper = Information Times
| date = 19 April 2013
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 19 April 2013
}}</ref> Phase 2 opened on 28 December 2023, and extends the line by {{convert|22.2|km|abbr=on}} and 11 stations to reach north of the Pearl River and go deep to Huangpu district, providing interchanges with Line 13 at {{stl|GZM|Yufengwei}}, Line 5 at {{stl|GZM|Dashadong}}, Line 6 at {{stl|GZM|Luogang}}, Line 21 at {{stl|GZM|Shuixi}} and the planned east extension of Line 8 at {{stl|GZM|Changzhou}}. Line 7's color is '''light green'''.
{{clear}}

=== Line 8 ===
[[File:Julong Station Platform 2 202011.jpg|thumb|[[Julong station]] of Line 8]]
{{Main|Line 8 (Guangzhou Metro)}}
The first section of Line 8, from Xiaogang to Wanshengwei, opened in 2002 and ran as part of Line 2 until the extension to the line was completed in September 2010. Line 8 ran from Fenghuang Xincun to Wanshengwei. The section from Changgang to Wanshengwei opened on 25 September 2010 when the split-off from Line 2 was complete. The section west of Changgang did not open until 3 November 2010 due to disputes over the environmental impact of the cooling facilities at [[Shayuan station|Shayuan]].<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.time-weekly.com/show.php?contentid-9283.html
| script-title = zh:光大花园维权记
| trans-title = Rights defending at Guangda Garden
| newspaper = Time Weekly
| date = 9 September 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 4 October 2010
}}</ref><ref name="gfmetro-opens">{{cite news
| url = http://gcontent.oeeee.com/a/2c/a2cc63e065705fe9/Blog/772/553efa.html
| script-title = zh:地铁八号线西延段广佛线今开通
| trans-title = West extension of metro Line 8, Guangfo Metro opens today
| newspaper = Southern Metropolis Daily
| date = 3 November 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 3 November 2010
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101106114944/http://gcontent.oeeee.com/a/2c/a2cc63e065705fe9/Blog/772/553efa.html
| archive-date = 6 November 2010
}}</ref> The remaining section from Fenghuang Xincun to [[Cultural Park station|Cultural Park]] and Cultural Park to [[Jiaoxin station|Jiaoxin]] are opened on 28 December 2019 and 26 November 2020 separately. Line 8's color is '''teal'''.
{{clear}}

=== Line 9 ===
[[File:Ma'anshan Park Station Platform 1 2018 03.jpg|thumb|[[Ma'anshan Park station]] of Line 9]]
{{Main|Line 9 (Guangzhou Metro)}}
The {{convert|20.1|km|abbr=on|adj=on}} long underground route is operated by six-car trains, which runs from [[Fei'eling station|Fei'eling]] to [[Gaozeng station|Gaozeng]], serving 10 stations. The line, other than [[Qingtang station]], went operational on 28 December 2017. Line 9 mainly serves as a link for the passengers of [[Huadu District]] and [[Guangzhou North railway station]] to the rest of the system, having only one transfer station with [[Line 3 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 3]] at [[Gaozeng Station|Gaozeng]]. After the Tianhe Coach Terminal–Tiyu Xilu spur line of Line 3 is split off to form part of Line 10, the line is expected to be connected into Line 3 using the reserved [[Railroad switch|switches]] at Gaozeng to become a new spur line.{{Citation needed|date=January 2018}} Line 9's color is '''pale green'''.
{{clear}}

=== Line 13 ===
[[File:Nanhai God Temple Station Platform 1 2018 01.jpg|thumb|[[Nanhai God Temple station]] of Line 13]]
{{Main|Line 13 (Guangzhou Metro)}}
Opened on 28 December 2017, Line 13 is the first metro line in Guangzhou built to run eight-car trains. The currently operating {{convert|27.03|km|abbr=on}} first phase runs from [[Yuzhu station|Yuzhu]] to [[Xinsha station|Xinsha]], serving passengers of [[Huangpu District, Guangzhou|Huangpu]] and Xintang, [[Zengcheng]]. The eleven-station line currently has only one transfer station with [[Line 5 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 5]] at Yuzhu. The second phase of Line 13 runs west of the current phase, which cuts through popular areas of [[Huangpu District, Guangzhou|Huangpu]], [[Tianhe District|Tianhe]], and [[Liwan District]]s, and is currently under construction. Line 13's color is '''olive'''.{{clear}}

=== Line 14 ===
[[File:Wangcun Station Platform 1 202001.jpg|thumb|[[Wangcun station]] of Line 14]]
{{Main|Line 14 (Guangzhou Metro)}}
Two sections of Line 14 are currently in service. The Knowledge City Branch Line, a ten-station {{convert|21.01|km|abbr=on|adj=on}} long route located mainly within [[Huangpu District, Guangzhou|Huangpu]], opened on 28 December 2017. The branch line operates primarily within [[Huangpu District, Guangzhou|Huangpu]] between Xinhe and Zhenlong, serving the [[Huangpu District, Guangzhou#China-Singapore Guangzhou Knowledge City|Sino-Singapore Guangzhou Knowledge City]]. The mainline segment to [[Conghua District|Conghua]] opened a year later on 28 December 2018 and runs from Jiahewanggang in [[Baiyun District, Guangzhou|Baiyun District]] to Dongfeng in Conghua. A southward extension to [[Guangzhou railway station]] is currently under construction. Line 14 was the first Guangzhou Metro line to run express services. Line 14's color is '''brown'''.

=== Line 18 ===
[[File:Platform 4, Panyu Square Station, Guangzhou Metro 20210928.jpg|thumb|[[Panyu Square station]] of Line 18]]
{{Main|Line 18 (Guangzhou Metro)}}
The section from {{stl|GZM|Xiancun}} to {{stl|GZM|Wanqingsha}} of Line 18 opened on 28 September 2021. The section is 58.3 km in length. It will be extended 3 km to {{stl|GZM|Guangzhou East}}. A further 39.6 km extension to {{stl|GZM|Huachengjie}} is also planned. Line 18's color is '''blue'''.

=== Line 21 ===
[[File:Zengcheng_Square_Station_Platform_2_202001.jpg|thumb|[[Zengcheng Square station]] of Line 21]]
{{Main|Line 21 (Guangzhou Metro)}}
The {{convert|61.5|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="201912length" /> long Line 21 runs between Tianhe Park in [[Tianhe District|Tianhe]] and Zengcheng Square in [[Zengcheng District|Zengcheng]] with six-car trains. It has {{convert|40.1|km|abbr=on}} of underground tracks, {{convert|14.7|km|abbr=on}} of elevated tracks, and {{convert|6.8|km|abbr=on}} of tracks in mountain tunnels.<ref>{{cite web
| title = 广州地铁21号线年底分段开通？多个站点再更名！
| url = https://new.qq.com/omn/20180425/20180425A0CJVB.html
| access-date = 20 December 2019
}}</ref> The section from Yuancun to Tianhe Park is intended as part of Line 11 and constructed to accommodate the eight-car trains of the latter. When the construction of Line 11 is completed, this section will be operated as part of Line 11, making Tianhe Park the west end of Line 21.<ref name="line11eie">{{cite web
| url = http://www.crfsdi.com.cn/sysWeb/upfiles/hpgs/20131227145001.doc
| script-title = zh:广州市轨道交通十一号线工程环境影响报告书简本
| date = December 2013
| publisher = China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co., Ltd.
| language = zh-hans
| trans-title = Environment Impact Report of Guangzhou Metro Line 11 Construction Project (Abridge Edition)
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140115060628/http://www.crfsdi.com.cn/sysWeb/upfiles/hpgs/20131227145001.doc
| archive-date = 15 January 2014
| url-status = dead
| access-date = 14 January 2014
}}</ref> Express service was also provided after the inauguration of the western section (Yuancun – Zhenlongxi). Line 21's color is '''dark purple'''.
{{clear}}

=== Line 22 ===
[[File:Platform 1, Shiguanglu Station, Guangzhou Metro 20220404.jpg|thumb|Shiguanglu Station of Line 22]]
{{Main|Line 22 (Guangzhou Metro)}}
The section from {{stl|GZM|Panyu Square}} to {{stl|GZM|Chentougang}} of Line 22 opened on 31 March 2022. The section is 18.2 km in length. It will be extended 73.2 km to {{stl|GZM|Airport North}}.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jiang Chang |date=2022-03-31 |title=1st section of Guangzhou metro Line 22 opens on March 31 |work=GDToday |url=https://www.newsgd.com/node_5c070fdd03/a8adc0d867.shtml}}</ref> Line 22's color is '''orange'''.

=== Guangfo Line ===
[[File:Lanshi STA(2017).jpg|thumb|[[Lanshi station]] of Guangfo metro]]
{{Main|Guangfo Metro}}{{See also|Foshan Metro}}
The Guangzhou–Foshan Section of [[Pearl River Delta]] Region Intercity Rapid Transit ({{zh|s=珠江三角洲地区城际快速轨道交通广州至佛山段}}) is an intercity metro line that connects Guangzhou and Foshan. It is commonly known as Guangfo Metro and Guangfo Line of Guangzhou Metro. The section within Foshan also doubles as Line 1 of FMetro (Foshan Metro). The line is operated by Guangdong Guangfo Rail Transit Co., Ltd., a subsidiary co-owned by Guangzhou Metro (51%) and Foshan Metro (49%).<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://cn.siemens.com/cms/cn/English/TS/Mobility/Press/presscontent1/Pages/Guang-fo_1.aspx
| title = Siemens to supply advanced signalling systems, train control and propulsion system for Pearl River Delta Intercity Rapid Transit of Guangzhou to Foshan Section (Guangfo Line)
| publisher = [[Siemens]]
| date = 30 December 2008
| access-date = 6 October 2010
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070955/http://cn.siemens.com/cms/cn/English/TS/Mobility/Press/presscontent1/Pages/Guang-fo_1.aspx
| archive-date = 16 July 2011
}}</ref><ref name="ccmetro">{{cite web
| url = http://www.ccmetro.com/expert/person.aspx?id=59208
| script-title = zh:与亚运有约促广佛同城————访广东广佛轨道交通有限公司总经理徐一平
| trans-title = Serving Asian Games and promoting Guangzhou-Foshan integration: Interview with Xu Yiping, General Manager of Guangdong Guangfo Inter-City Co., Ltd.
| author = Zhang Yuan
| publisher = CCMetro.com
| date = 1 June 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 6 October 2010
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101120201816/http://ccmetro.com/expert/person.aspx?id=59208
| archive-date = 20 November 2010
}}</ref> Its first section, from Xilang to [[Kuiqi Lu station|Kuiqi Lu]] in [[Foshan]], started operation on 3 November 2010 with {{convert|21|km|abbr=on}} of tracks and 14 stations.<ref name="gfmetro-ycwb">{{cite news
| url = http://www.ycwb.com/ePaper/ycwbdfb/html/2010-10/27/content_955518.htm
| script-title = zh:地铁广佛线开通成就广佛人的梦想
| trans-title = Dreams of Guangzhou, Foshan residents come true as Guangfo Metro opens
| newspaper = Yangcheng Evening News
| date = 27 October 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 29 October 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101104011221/http://www.ycwb.com/ePaper/ycwbdfb/html/2010-10/27/content_955518.htm
| archive-date = 4 November 2010
| url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref name="gfmetro-opens" /> Eleven of the stations are located in Foshan, while the other three are in Guangzhou.<ref name="gfmetro-opens" /> Relocation disputes at Lijiao were not resolved until October 2013 and have delayed completion of the extension from Xilang to [[Lijiao station|Lijiao]] till December 2015.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.ycwb.com/ePaper/ycwbdfb/html/2013-11/01/content_289633.htm
| script-title = zh:八千万"候鸟"的三年同城旅程
| trans-title = 80 million "migratory birds'" three-year intercity journeys
| newspaper = Yangcheng Evening News
| date = 1 November 2013
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 4 November 2013
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131105041518/http://www.ycwb.com/ePaper/ycwbdfb/html/2013-11/01/content_289633.htm
| archive-date = 5 November 2013
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> When the line is completed, it will have {{convert|32.2|km|abbr=on}} of tracks and 21 stations, of which {{convert|17.4|km|abbr=on}} of tracks and 10 stations will be located in Guangzhou.<ref name="ccmetro" /> The line runs four-car trains.<ref name="ccmetro" /> All its stations are underground.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://epaper.nfdaily.cn/html/2010-10/29/content_6891535.htm
| script-title = zh:广佛线风雨坎坷路
| newspaper = Nanfang Daily
| date = 29 October 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 29 October 2010
}}</ref>
{{clear}}

=== Zhujiang New Town APM Line ===
[[File:Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Station Site.JPG|thumb|[[Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center station]] of Zhujiang New Town APM]]
{{Main|Zhujiang New Town Automated People Mover System}}
The Automated People Mover System of Zhujiang New Town Core District Municipal Traffic Project ({{zh|s=珠江新城核心区市政交通项目旅客自动输送系统}})<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://gcjs.gd.gov.cn/xmsp2/446495.htm
| script-title = zh:广东省广州市发改委关于珠江新城核心区市政交通项目旅客自动输送系统工程项目核准的批复
| trans-title = Reply of Development and Reform Commission of Guangzhou, Guangdong on ratification of engineering project of Automated People Mover System of Zhujiang New Town Core District Municipal Traffic Project
| publisher = Development and Reform Commission of Guangzhou
| date = 2 September 2009
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 22 November 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110707032752/http://gcjs.gd.gov.cn/xmsp2/446495.htm
| archive-date = 7 July 2011
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> is an underground [[automated people mover]] that serves the [[central business district]] of [[Zhujiang New Town]]. It is commonly known as Zhujiang New Town Automated People Mover System or the APM for short. At a length of {{convert|3.9|km|abbr=on}}, it connects Linhexi and Canton Tower with nine stations on the line.<ref name="apm-lifeofgz">{{cite web
| url = http://www.lifeofguangzhou.com/node_10/node_37/node_85/2010/10/21/128763452381164.shtml
| title = APM to operate in Guangzhou early next month
| publisher = Lifeofguangzhou.com
| date = 21 October 2010
| access-date = 22 November 2010
}}</ref> The operation started on 8 November 2010 with Canton Tower Station named Chigang Pagoda Station until December 2013.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.ycwb.com/ePaper/ycwb/html/2013-10/30/content_288136.htm
| script-title = zh:"赤岗塔站"改名"广州塔站"
| trans-title = Chigang Pagoda Station renamed Canton Tower Station
| newspaper = Yangcheng Evening News
| date = 30 October 2013
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 14 January 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140115114524/http://www.ycwb.com/ePaper/ycwb/html/2013-10/30/content_288136.htm
| archive-date = 15 January 2014
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> The stations of Haixinsha and Chigang Pagoda remained closed during the 2010 Asian Games. Chigang Pagoda Station opened on 28 November 2010, one day after the Asian Games ended;<ref name="apm-xkb1">{{cite news
| url = http://news.xkb.com.cn/guangzhou/2010/1109/101117.html
| script-title = zh:六千人首试乘APM 海心沙赤岗塔站封闭
| trans-title = 6,000 try out APM; Haixinsha, Chigang Pagoda Stations remain closed
| publisher = New Express Daily
| date = 9 November 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 12 November 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110707022920/http://news.xkb.com.cn/guangzhou/2010/1109/101117.html
| archive-date = 7 July 2011
| url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref name="apm-xkb2">{{cite news
| url = http://news.xkb.com.cn/guangzhou/2010/1111/101570.html
| script-title = zh:开幕式三号线特定段停运非管制站通宵运营
| trans-title = Designated sections of metro Line 3 to close during Asian Games opening ceremony, unrestricted stations to operate overnight
| publisher = New Express Daily
| date = 11 November 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 14 November 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110707022942/http://news.xkb.com.cn/guangzhou/2010/1111/101570.html
| archive-date = 7 July 2011
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> Haixinsha Station remained unopened until 24 February 2011.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://news.dayoo.com/news/201102/24/85080_15329362.htm
| script-title = zh:APM线海心沙站终启用出站只能购票进公园
| trans-title = APM Haixinsha Station finally opens, with exit to only paid entry into Asian Games Park
| publisher = Dayoo.com
| date = 24 February 2011
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 3 July 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111006234756/http://news.dayoo.com/news/201102/24/85080_15329362.htm
| archive-date = 6 October 2011
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> There is no direct platform-to-platform connection between the APM and Line 3 albeit they share the stations of Linhexi and Canton Tower.<ref name="apm-xkb1" /> Transfer passengers need to exit and reenter with a new ticket. The APM runs two-car [[Rubber-tyred metro|rubber-wheeled]] driverless trains.<ref name="apm-xkb1" />
{{clear}}

== Network expansion ==
=== Short-term planning ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; margin:0 auto;"
| colspan="5" bgcolor="#fff" align=center| [[File:Guangzhou-Foshan Metro Diagram (Future) by Tim.svg|center|820px]]
|-
! colspan="5" |Under construction<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-12 |title=Overview and construction progress of new transit lines in Guangzhou |script-title=zh:广州市轨道交通新线建设概况及进展 |url=https://www.gzmtr.com/ygwm/gsgk/jsgk/ |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=Guangzhou Metro |language=zh-CN}}</ref>
|-
! Project
! Terminals/Stations
! Length km
! Stations
! Status (Construction progress{{efn|As of August 2024.}})
|-
| {{rint|guangzhou|3}} Eastern extension
| [[Panyu Square station|Panyu Square]] – [[Haibang station|Haibang]]
| 9.55
| 4
| Under construction: 99% Expected to open in 2024
|-
| {{rint|guangzhou|4}} Remaining station
| {{stl|GZM|Guanqiao}}
| -
| 1
| Under construction Expected to open in 2026
|-
| {{rint|guangzhou|6}} Remaining station
| {{stl|GZM|Shahe}}
| -
| 1
| Under construction Expected to open in 2024
|-
| {{rint|guangzhou|8}} Far northern extension
| [[Jiaoxin station|Jiaoxin]] – Jiangfu
| 9.4
| 4
| Under construction: 6% Expected to open in 2028
|-
| {{rint|guangzhou|10}}{{efn|The Shipaiqiao – Tianhe Coach Terminal section currently operates as part of Line 3.}}
| [[Xilang station|Xilang]] – [[Shipaiqiao station|Shipaiqiao]] joins [[Line 3 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 3]] spur line
| 25.46
| 14
| Under construction: 88%
|-
| {{rint|guangzhou|11}}
| style="text-align: left;" | ''loop line'' ({{stl|GZM|Yuancun}} – {{stl|GZM|Guangzhou Railway Station}} – {{stl|GZM|Tianhe Park}})
| 43.2
| 32
| Under construction: 98% Expected to open in December 2024
|-
| {{rint|guangzhou|12}}
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Xunfenggang station|Xunfenggang]] – [[Higher Education Mega Center South station|Higher Education Mega Center South]]
| 37.6
| 25
| Under construction: 86% Expected to open in 2025-2026
|-
| {{rint|guangzhou|13}} Phase 2
| Chaoyang – [[Yuzhu station|Yuzhu]]
| 33.8
| 23
| Under construction: 84% Expected to open in 2025-2026
|-
| {{rint|guangzhou|14}} Phase 2
| [[Guangzhou railway station|Guangzhou Railway Station]] – [[Jiahewanggang station|Jiahewanggang]]
| 11.6
| 8
| Under construction: 62% Expected to open in 2025
|-
|{{rint|guangzhou|18}} Remaining section of phase 1
| [[Xiancun station|Xiancun]] – [[Guangzhou East railway station|Guangzhou East Railway Station]]
| 3
| 1
| Under construction: 47%
|-
| {{rint|guangzhou|18}} Northern extension (Guanghua intercity)
| [[Guangzhou East railway station|Guangzhou East Railway Station]] – {{stl|CR|Huachengjie}}
| 40.1
| 7
| Under construction: 30% Expected to partially open in 2027
|-
| {{rint|guangzhou|18}} Southern extension western section (Nanzhuzhong intercity Nansha to Zhongshan section)
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Wanqingsha station|Wanqingsha]] – Xingzhong
| 47.6
| 10
| Under construction: 48% (Guangzhou section) Under construction: 18% (Zhongshan section)
|-
| {{rint|guangzhou|22}} Remaining section of phase 1
| [[Chentougang station|Chentougang]] – [[Fangcun station|Fangcun]]
| 12.6
| 4
| Under construction: 80% Expected to open in 2025
|-
| {{rint|guangzhou|22}} Northern extension (Fangbai intercity)
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Fangcun station|Fangcun]] – [[Airport North station (Guangzhou Metro)|Airport North]]
| 42.4
| 10
| Under construction: 28% Expected to partially open in 2027
|-
| {{rint|guangzhou|24}} North section ([[Line 8 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 8]] far northern extension)
| Jiangfu – [[Guangzhou North railway station|Guangzhou North Railway Station]]
| 11.3
| rowspan="2"|18
| Under construction: 6% Expected to open in 2028
|-
| {{rint|guangzhou|24}} South section (Line 8 far northern extension branch)
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall station (Guangzhou Metro)|Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall]] – Jiangfu
| 20.0
| Under construction: 5% Expected to open in 2028
|-
! colspan="5" |Approved and awaiting construction{{efn|name=approved|All construction plans are subject to approval by national authorities. A line is considered "approved" in this table if the [[National Development and Reform Commission]] (NDRC) has greenlighted establishment of its construction project. For actual construction to start, the project must obtain follow-up approvals including the NDRC's endorsement of its feasibility study. The construction plan may not stabilise until construction starts. For this reason, discrepancies exist among certain references due to evolution of construction plans and inaccuracies in news reports. In general, more recent reports take priority over older ones.}}
|-
! Project
! Terminals/Stations
! Length km
! Stations
! Status
|-
| {{rint|guangzhou|8}} Eastern extension
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Wanshengwei station|Wanshengwei]] – Lianhua
| 18.0
| 7
| Awaiting construction (2028)
|-
| {{rint|guangzhou|18}} Southern extension (Nanzhuzhong intercity Zhongshan to Zhuhai section)
| style="text-align: left;"| Xiangshan – Gongbei
| -
| -
| Preliminary studies in progress (2028)
|-
| {{rint|guangzhou|28}} (Fosuiguan intercity)
| style="text-align: left;" | Luzhou – Songshanhu
| 113
| -
| Preliminary studies in progress (2028+)
|}

=== Long-term planning ===
The Guangzhou Urban Rail Transit Network Planning Scheme (2018-2035) ({{zh|《广州市城市轨道交通线网规划方案》（2018—2035年）}}), which was approved by the Guangzhou Municipal Government in November 2020, shows that a total of 53 metro lines and 2,029 km are planned in Guangzhou. This round of line network planning is divided into three levels: high-speed metro, rapid metro, and regular-speed metro. Among them, there are 5 high-speed metro lines with 452 km in Guangzhou, 11 rapid metro lines with 607 km in Guangzhou, and 37 regular-speed metro lines with 970 km.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jerry |date=2021-07-13 |title=High-speed metro lines to connect Guangzhou with Foshan, Dongguan, Zhongshan, and Zhuhai |work=Newsgd.com |url=http://www.newsgd.com/news/exclusive/content/2021-07/13/content_192614721.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-12 |title=The Third Announcement of Guangzhou East to Huadu Tiangui Intercity Environmental Impact Assessment |script-title=zh:广州东至花都天贵城际环境影响评价第三次公告 |url=https://www.gzmtr.com/ygwm/gsgk/gs/202107/P020210712655757021478.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713142701/https://www.gzmtr.com/ygwm/gsgk/gs/202107/P020210712655757021478.pdf |archive-date=2021-07-13 |access-date=2021-07-13 |publisher=Guangzhou Metro Group |pages=88 |language=zh-CN }}</ref>
{{colbegin|colwidth=18em}}
* High-speed metro lines:
** {{rint|guangzhou|17}}: Knowledge City – [[Luogang station|Luogang]] – Zini (→ [[Foshan]])
** {{rint|guangzhou|18}}: ([[Zhongshan]] / [[Zhuhai]] →) Shiliuchong – [[Huachengjie railway station|Huachengjie]] (→ [[Qingyuan]])
** {{rint|guangzhou|22}}: [[Airport North station (Guangzhou Metro)|Airport North]] – [[Nansha Passenger Port station|Nansha Passenger Port]] (→ [[Dongguan]])
** {{rint|guangzhou|28}}: (Foshan →) [[Fangcun station|Fangcun]] – [[Xintang station (Guangzhou Metro)|Xintang]] (→ Dongguan)
** {{rint|guangzhou|28}} spur line: Xintang – Guangzhou Huali College (→ [[Huizhou]])
** {{rint|guangzhou|37}}: [[Guangzhou East railway station]] – Liangkou (→ [[Xinfeng County, Guangdong|Xinfeng]])
* Rapid metro lines:
** {{rint|guangzhou|3}}: Airport North – Haiou Island
** {{rint|guangzhou|4}} parallel express line: [[Pazhou station|Pazhou]] – [[Jiaomen station|Jiaomen]]
** {{rint|guangzhou|7}}: Shuixibei – Meidi Dadao
** {{rint|guangzhou|13}}: Chaoyang – [[Xinsha station|Xinsha]]
** {{rint|guangzhou|14}}: [[Guangzhou railway station]] – [[Dongfeng station (Guangzhou Metro)|Dongfeng]]
** {{rint|guangzhou|16}}: Xintang – Lichengbei
** {{rint|guangzhou|21}}: [[Tianhe Park station|Tianhe Park]] – Guangzhou Huali College
** {{rint|guangzhou|24}}: [[Guangzhou North railway station]] – [[Lijiao station|Lijiao]]
** {{rint|guangzhou|25}}: [[Longxi station|Longxi]] – Huangpu Passenger Port
** {{rint|guangzhou|26}}: [[Taihe station|Taihe]] – Lanhe (→ Foshan)
** {{rint|guangzhou|27}}: [[Xinhe station (Guangzhou Metro)|Xinhe]] – Jiangnan (→ Dongguan)
** {{rint|guangzhou|29}}: Huangpu railway station – [[Huadu Square station|Huadu Square]]
* Regular-speed metro lines:
** {{rint|guangzhou|1}}: [[Xilang station|Xilang]] – Guangzhou East railway station
** {{rint|guangzhou|2}}: [[Jiahewanggang station|Jiahewanggang]] – [[Guangzhou South railway station]]
** {{rint|guangzhou|4}}: [[Huangcun station|Huangcun]] – Nansha Passenger Port
** {{rint|guangzhou|5}}: [[Jiaokou station|Jiaokou]] – Huangpu Passenger Port
** {{rint|guangzhou|6}}: [[Xunfenggang station|Xunfenggang]] – Guangzhou Middle School
** {{rint|guangzhou|8}}: Jiangfu – [[Haibang station|Haibang]]
** {{rint|guangzhou|9}}: Tanzhonglu – [[Gaozeng station|Gaozeng]]
** {{rint|guangzhou|10}}: [[Gaotangshi station|Gaotangshi]] – Guanggang New Town (→ Foshan)
** {{rint|guangzhou|11}}: Guangzhou railway station – Pazhou – Guangzhou railway station
* Regular-speed metro lines (continued):
** {{rint|guangzhou|12}}: Xunfenggang – [[Higher Education Mega Center South station|Higher Education Mega Center South]]
** {{rint|guangzhou|12}} spur line: [[Higher Education Mega Center North station|Higher Education Mega Center North]] – Chenbian
** {{rint|guangzhou|15}}: Jiaomen – Nansha Passenger Port – Jiaomen
** {{rint|guangzhou|19}}: Huangpu railway station – Nanpuxi (→ Foshan)
** {{rint|guangzhou|20}}: Lingnan Square – Jiangnan
** {{rint|guangzhou|23}}: Chishajiao – Xintang Dadao
** {{rint|guangzhou|30}}: Guangzhoudadaobei – Education Park
** {{rint|guangzhou|31}}: Dongchong Town – Nansha Wetland Park
** {{rint|guangzhou|32}}: Nanguolu – Information Technology Park
** {{rint|guangzhou|33}}: Ronggui Railway Station – Qingshengdong
** {{rint|guangzhou|34}}: (Foshan →) Huangjinwei – Toubei
** {{rint|guangzhou|35}}: Dongjing – Huadong Coach Terminal
** {{rint|guangzhou|36}}: Fengcun – Baishantang
** {{rint|guangzhou|38}}: Lianxidadao – Shiliuchong
** {{rint|guangzhou|39}}: Jiahewanggang – Datian
** {{rint|guangzhou|40}}: Shihua – [[Changping station (Guangzhou Metro)|Changping]]
** {{rint|guangzhou|40}} spur line: Yonghe – Lihu
** {{rint|guangzhou|41}}: Bicun – Fangshi
** {{rint|guangzhou|42}}: Aotou – [[Conghua Coach Terminal station|Conghua Coach Terminal]]
** {{rint|guangzhou|43}}: Nanjiao – GAC Base
** Foshan {{rint|foshan|2}}: (Foshan →) Guangzhou South Railway Station
** Foshan {{rint|foshan|4}}: (Foshan →) Xingyedadao
** Foshan {{rint|foshan|5}}: (Foshan →) Guangzhou Railway Station
** Foshan {{rint|foshan|6}}: (Foshan →) [[Baiyun Dongping station|Baiyun Dongping]]
** Foshan {{rint|foshan|7}}: (Foshan →) Longxi
** Foshan {{rint|foshan|8}}: (Foshan →) Fangcun
** Foshan {{rint|foshan|11}}: (Foshan →) Hedongdong
** Dongguan {{rint|dongguan|1}}: Huangpu Passenger Port (→ Dongguan)
** Dongguan {{rint|dongguan|4}}: Zengcheng Railway Station (→ Dongguan)
** Dongguan {{rint|dongguan|13}}: [[Shiqi station (Guangzhou Metro)|Shiqi]] (→ Dongguan)
{{colend}}

=== Connections to neighboring cities ===
The Guangzhou Metro is actively constructing connections to neighboring cities. [[Foshan]] is already connected via the [[Guangfo Metro]] with connections via [[Line 7 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 7]] and [[Foshan Metro]] Line 2 is now opened. [[Dongguan]] city is proposing connections with Guangzhou Metro [[Line 13 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 13]] and the [[Dongguan Rail Transit|Dongguan Metro]].<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://house.southcn.com/f/2018-03/27/content_181242100.htm
| script-title = zh:广州东部交通2018年全面爆发！_房产新闻库_南方网
| last1 = Wang
| first1 = Shaodi (王召娣)
| website = house.southcn.com
| access-date = 7 April 2018
}}</ref> Neighboring [[Huizhou]] city proposed in 2016 that Guangzhou Metro Line 16 be extended into [[Longmen County]], achieving the integration of Huizhou and Guangzhou. In January 2018, Huizhou's mayor Mai Jiaomeng revealed that Huizhou was studying two connections with the Guangzhou Metro with Line 16 heading to Yonghan Town, Longmen County and [[Line 21 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 21]] extended to [[Mount Luofu]] in [[Boluo County]].<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://e.hznews.com/paper/hzrb/20180116/A2/1/
| script-title = zh:构建立体化交通网络加快融入粤港澳大湾区_新闻_电子报_惠州_惠州日报_东江时报_惠州报业传媒集团
| website = e.hznews.com
| access-date = 7 April 2018
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180203130256/http://e.hznews.com/paper/hzrb/20180116/A2/1/
| archive-date = 3 February 2018
| url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://epaper.oeeee.com/epaper/J/html/2018-01/17/content_4229.htm
| script-title = zh:罗浮山、龙门有望对接广州地铁-南方都市报·奥一网
| website = epaper.oeeee.com
| language = en
| access-date = 7 April 2018
}}</ref> In 2018, Guangzhou is studying the feasibility of extending Line 18 south into [[Zhongshan]]<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://news.ycwb.com/2018-12/11/content_30150788.htm
| title = 广州、中山将进一步加强交通对接推动地铁18号线延伸至中山
| website = news.ycwb.com
| access-date = 4 January 2019
}}</ref> and north into [[Qingyuan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sohu.com/a/340614758_582024|title = 广清地铁规划出炉，18、24号线站点曝光，直通清远_广州|website = [[Sohu]]}}</ref>

;Guangzhou–Foshan metro connections
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Guangzhou Metro lines to connect with FMetro lines<ref name="gzmetro2020" />
! style="width:1em"| #
! Guangzhou Metro
! FMetro
! Status
|-
| 1
| colspan="2" | [[Guangfo Metro]]
| In operation
|-
| 2
| [[Line 2 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 2]]
[[Line 7 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 7]]

Line 22
| [[Line 2 (Foshan Metro)|Line 2]]
| In operation
|-
| 3
| [[Line 7 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 7]]
| Line 3
Line 10

Line 11
| Partially in operation (Line 3 only)
|-
| 4
| 10
| 6
| Planned
|-
| 5
| 17
| 7
| Planned
|-
| 6
| colspan="2" style="text-align: left; white-space: nowrap" | Extension of Line 12 (Guangzhou Metro) from Chatou to Lishui
| Planned
|-
| 7
| colspan="2" style="text-align: left; white-space: nowrap" | Extension of Line 19 (Guangzhou Metro) to Suiyan Lu
| Planned
|}

== Fares and tickets ==
=== Fares ===
Fares of Guangzhou Metro currently range from [[Renminbi|¥]]2 (a couple of stations) to ¥22 (the longest journeys). A journey shorter than 4 km costs ¥2; ¥1 is charged for every 4 km after 4 km, every 6 km after 12 km, and every 8 km after 24 km.<ref>{{Cite web
| script-title = zh:基本票价
| trans-title = Base fares
| url = http://www.gzmtr.com/ckfw/pwzc/dtpj/
| publisher = Guangzhou Metro Corporation
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 21 July 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101201175447/http://www.gzmtr.com/ckfw/pwzc/dtpj/
| archive-date = 1 December 2010
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> Between 30 October 2010 and 30 October 2011, an additional, undiscountable ¥5 fee was charged for any journey to or from Airport South. Collection of such a fee was approved for one year in July 2010 and expired without extension.<ref>{{cite web
| script-title = zh:关于2010年广州地铁线网票价的批复
| trans-title = Reply on 2010 Guangzhou Metro fares
| url = http://www.gzwjj.gov.cn/html/zwgk/ywgz/jggl/2010-08-27/23795.htm
| publisher = Bureau of Commodity Prices of Guangzhou
| date = 26 July 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 4 October 2010
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20120805051706/http://www.gzwjj.gov.cn/html/zwgk/ywgz/jggl/2010-08-27/23795.htm
| archive-date = 5 August 2012
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| script-title = zh:地铁去机场明起省5元
| trans-title = Metro rides to airport to be ¥5 cheaper
| url = http://gzdaily.dayoo.com/html/2011-10/30/content_1515012.htm
| newspaper = Guangzhou Daily
| date = 30 October 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 30 October 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111030111849/http://gzdaily.dayoo.com/html/2011-10/30/content_1515012.htm
| archive-date = 30 October 2011
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> The fare for the longest possible journey to the exiting station will be charged if a journey exceeds four hours. Passengers may carry luggage below weight and size limits at no cost or a ¥2 surcharge.<ref>{{Cite web
| script-title = zh:票务规则
| trans-title = Ticketing rules
| url = http://www.gzmtr.com/ckfw/pwzc/gpxz/
| publisher = Guangzhou Metro Corporation
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 21 July 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101201175142/http://www.gzmtr.com/ckfw/pwzc/gpxz/
| archive-date = 1 December 2010
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

=== Current ticket types ===
==== Single journey ticket ====
[[File:Guangzhou Metro Single Journey Ticket.jpg|100px|thumb|Guangzhou Metro single journey ticket]]
Single journey tickets can be bought at a kiosk at every station or at the automatic ticket vending machines. The ticket itself is a contactless [[radio-frequency]] plastic token. The user has to tap it on the sensor on the ticket barrier when entering and insert it into a slot at the exit gate where the token is reclaimed. Full base fares are charged for single journey tickets for individuals. Passengers travelling in groups of 30 or larger can enjoy a 10% discount.<ref name="ticket-types" />

==== Yang Cheng Tong and Lingnan Pass ====
[[Yang Cheng Tong]] ({{zh|s=羊城通|l=Ram City Pass}}) is a contactless [[smartcard]] which can be used on the metro and most other forms of public transport in Guangzhou.

Yang Cheng Tong offers discounts for rides on buses and the metro. Within each month, bus and metro rides combined, a 5% discount is available for the first 15 journeys and a 40% discount for all journeys beyond.
Full-time students enrolled in primary, secondary, and vocational schools can apply for student passes, which allow them bus and metro rides at half price. Senior citizens can also obtain special passes. Half price is charged for seniors aged 60–64. Seniors aged 65 and above as well as people with major disabilities ride free of charge.<ref name="ticket-types">{{cite web
| script-title = zh:车票种类
| trans-title = Ticket types
| url = http://www.gzmtr.com/ckfw/pwzc/cpzl/
| publisher = Guangzhou Metro Corporation
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 6 October 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101201175302/http://www.gzmtr.com/ckfw/pwzc/cpzl/
| archive-date = 1 December 2010
| url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| script-title = zh:公交地铁票务新优惠指南
| trans-title = Guide of new discounts for bus and metro tickets
| url = http://www.gzyct.com/view/info/info!detail.action?nid=174
| publisher = Guangzhou Yang Cheng Tong Co., Ltd.
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 19 July 2010
}}</ref>

Yang Cheng Tong was rebranded in November 2010 as a type of Lingnan Pass ({{zh|s=岭南通}}), a new transport card that is valid in multiple cities across the Pearl River Delta.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://english.gz.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/cngzyw/s4171/201011/700595.html
| title = Lingnan Tong transport cards valid across the PRD
| publisher = Guangzhou International
| date = 8 November 2010
| access-date = 22 November 2010
}}</ref> Lingnan Pass cards issued in Guangzhou are named Lingnan Pass·Yang Cheng Tong. Existing cards were automatically upgraded and need not be replaced.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://news.dayoo.com/guangzhou/201011/08/73437_14404352_2.htm
| script-title = zh:羊城通亚运前刷通广东五市 '岭南通'今日首发
| trans-title = Yang Cheng Tong to become valid in five Guangdong cities before Asia Games, Lingnan Pass launches today
| newspaper = Guangzhou Daily
| date = 8 November 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 22 November 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101113153547/http://news.dayoo.com/guangzhou/201011/08/73437_14404352_2.htm
| archive-date = 13 November 2010
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

==== Day pass ====
[[File:Guangzhou Metro day passes.jpg|thumb|Art design of Guangzhou Metro day passes]]
Guangzhou Metro introduced day passes on 1 January 2013. A day pass holder can travel an unlimited number of times in the metro system during a limited period of validity starting from the first use. Two variants are currently available:

* One-day pass: ¥20 each and valid for 24 hours
* Three-day pass: ¥50 each and valid for 72 hours

Day passes are not rechargeable. They can be fully refunded until the first use, at which time they become nonrefundable. Used passes are not reclaimed, although they can be voluntarily recycled at drop boxes in the stations.

The passes are decorated with illustrations of the [[Cantonese language]] and [[Cantonese cuisine|cuisine]] to promote the local culture. The art design was favored by over 70% of those who responded to public opinion surveys compared to two other competing designs.<ref name="day-passes">{{cite web
| script-title = zh:广州地铁元旦起发行日票
| trans-title = Guangzhou Metro starts issuing day passes on New Year's Day
| url = http://www.gzmtr.com/ttxw/t20130106_301826.htm
| publisher = Guangzhou Metro Corporation
| language = zh-hans
| date = 6 January 2013
| access-date = 11 January 2013
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130111092854/http://www.gzmtr.com/ttxw/t20130106_301826.htm
| archive-date = 11 January 2013
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

=== Discontinued ticket types ===
Guangzhou Metro discontinued the following ticket types in favor of Yang Cheng Tong.

==== Stored value ticket ====
[[File:GZMTR stored value ticket.jpg|thumb|Guangzhou Metro stored value ticket]]
Stored value tickets were very similar to Yang Cheng Tong. Stored value tickets are not on sale anymore, but they will be presented as souvenirs to VIPs at the activities of the subway company and can have a 5% discount on fares.

==== Monthly pass ====
Monthly passes were introduced on 1 November 2008 and abolished on 1 May 2010.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://informationtimes.dayoo.com/html/2008-09/29/content_332086.htm
| script-title = zh:公交地铁坐得多才能享优惠
| trans-title = Discounts only available to frequent bus and metro riders
| newspaper = [[Information Times]]
| date = 29 September 2008
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 10 October 2010
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| url = http://gd.nfdaily.cn/content/2010-05/01/content_11573610.htm
| script-title = zh:广州地铁限次月票今起取消
| trans-title = Guangzhou Metro limited-ride monthly passes discontinued today
| newspaper = Nanfang Daily
| date = 1 May 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 10 October 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100503052255/http://gd.nfdaily.cn/content/2010-05/01/content_11573610.htm
| archive-date = 3 May 2010
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> There were three types of monthly pass:

* ¥55 monthly pass for 20 single journeys
* ¥88 monthly pass for 35 single journeys
* ¥115 monthly pass for 50 single journeys

Each journey could travel from one station to any other station regardless of distance. A monthly pass was valid within a calendar month, not the one-month period from the first day it was used. Unused journeys in a month could not be rolled over to a pass for the following month.

==== Student pass and senior citizen pass ====
Both were issued by the metro company and used on metro only, allowing the holders to travel free or at half price.

== Power supply ==
Most Guangzhou Metro lines in operation are powered by {{1,500 V DC}}. For power transmission, lines 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9 and 13 as well as Guangfo Line use [[overhead lines]], while lines 4, 5, 6, 14 and 21 use [[third rail]]s. Lines 18 and 22 also use overhead wires, although at {{25 kV 50 Hz}}. In contrast to the heavy-rail lines, the light-rail APM runs on 600 V 50 Hz 3-phase AC supplied by third rails.<ref name="power">{{cite journal
| author1 = Jin Shoujie
| author2 = He Zhixin
| script-title = zh:广州市轨道交通接触网形式选择
| trans-title = Selection of overhead catenary system for Guangzhou urban rail transit
| language = zh-hans
| journal = Urban Rapid Rail Transit
| year = 2010
| volume = 23
| issue = 1
| doi = 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6073.2010.01.003
}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
=== Free rides for relatives of metro employees ===
Starting from 1997 (Guangzhou Metro) implemented a policy that allowed free rides for, in addition to its employees, their relatives. The policy was exposed to the public after its validity was questioned at a hearing on metro fares in December 2005.<ref name="free-rides-cancelled">{{cite news
| url = http://gd.news.sina.com.cn/local/2005-12-16/1998074.html
| script-title = zh:广州地铁宣布正式取消家属免费乘坐政策
| trans-title = Guangzhou Metro announces official cancellation of policy allowing free rides for relatives of employees
| newspaper = Southern Metropolis Daily
| date = 16 December 2005
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 10 October 2010
}}</ref> At first, it was reported that up to three lineal kins of each metro employee were allowed free access to the metro. Based on Guangzhou Metro having about 6,000 employees at the time, participants of the hearing estimated that up to 18,000 relatives of metro employees could ride free at an approximate cost of ¥13 million per year.<ref name="free-rides-cancelled" /><ref name="free-rides-questioned">{{cite news
| url = http://gd.news.sina.com.cn/local/2005-12-13/1985885.html
| script-title = zh:地铁员工亲属免票达1.8万人遭质疑
| trans-title = Free access for up to 18,000 relatives of metro employees questioned
| publisher = New Express Daily
| date = 13 December 2005
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 10 October 2010
}}</ref>

In response to questions on the policy raised at the hearing, Lu Guanglin, then-General Manager of Guangzhou Metro, claimed that relatives of employees with free access would volunteer as security personnel of the metro. He cited [[counter-terrorism]] when explaining that the policy was not exclusively an employee benefit but also a safety measure.<ref name="free-rides-questioned" /> Guangzhou Metro later clarified that only the spouse and at most one pre-college child under 18 of each employee were allowed free access, limiting the number of such people to about 2,000. Free rides were strictly regulated and tracked, with abuse subject to disciplinary actions. An unnamed metro employee estimated that the actual cost per year was ¥3 million rather than ¥13 million.<ref name="free-rides-cancelled" />

Following its publicity, the policy sparked widespread criticism.<ref name="free-rides-cancelled" /><ref name="free-rides-questioned" /> A ''[[Nanfang Daily]]'' editorial criticised the policy as Guangzhou Metro exploiting public resources to its own interests. It also questioned the competence of relatives of metro employees in counter-terrorism. It further argued that if Guangzhou Metro indeed needed voluntary security personnel, it could have recruited them openly from the public.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://gz.house.sina.com.cn/news/2005-12-14/1989385.html
| script-title = zh:南方时评：地铁公司焉能助长搭便车之风
| trans-title = Editorial: Guangzhou Metro should not encourage free ride practices
| date = 14 December 2005
| newspaper = Nanfang Daily
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 10 October 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110707022215/http://gz.house.sina.com.cn/news/2005-12-14/1989385.html
| archive-date = 7 July 2011
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> Such criticism was echoed by hearing participants as well as members of the Municipal People's Congress of Guangzhou.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.ycwb.com/gb/content/2005-12/13/content_1037116.htm
| script-title = zh:广州地铁：'家属免票'是反恐需要？
| trans-title = Guangzhou Metro: 'Free rides for relatives' for the sake of counter-terrorism?
| newspaper = Yangcheng Evening News
| date = 13 December 2005
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 10 October 2010
}}</ref> Guangzhou Metro officially abandoned the policy under pressure on 16 December 2005.<ref name="free-rides-cancelled" />

=== Ridership under-prediction ===
The first lines that were constructed, such as Lines 1, 2, and 8, used high capacity 6-car A-type trains in anticipation to heavy ridership. This choice later proved invaluable in the densely populated Guangzhou with all three aforementioned lines today having a peak daily usage of over 1 million passengers each.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1151.71万人次，广州地铁单日客流创年内新高！_广州日报大洋网|url=https://news.dayoo.com/guangzhou/202105/01/139995_53910417.htm|access-date=2021-12-25|website=news.dayoo.com}}</ref> However, in the early days of operation, ridership of these lines was low. Ridership for Line 1 plateaued at {{val|172000}}–{{val|176000}} in the late 1990s and early 2000s even though it was projected to reach {{val|290000}} in 1998. The under utilization of these lines at the time allowed experts to insist using lower capacity trains on newer lines and even led to the Guangzhou government being criticized for overinflating ridership predictions to approve metro projects. Preference was given small-capacity trains and low-headway operation in the planning of later projects such as Lines 3, 5 and 6. Line 3 was to be built using smaller, lower capacity B-type rolling stock while Lines 5 and 6 was planned to use even lower capacity [[light metro]] four car L-type trains.

Initially the trains of Line 3 would only be three cars long and planned to gradually be extended into six car trains in the long-term future. This was in line with the conservative ridership projections at the time, with the Airport Section of Line 3 predicted in 2007 to have a long term peak demand of just over 20,000 pphpd by 2034.<ref>{{Cite web
| date = 15 May 2007
| title = 广州地铁三号线新机场线17公里高架改走地下
| url = http://news.sohu.com/20070515/n250024554.shtml
}}</ref> These ideas would soon prove utterly shortsighted with Line 3 trains being plagued with extreme overcrowding with significant sections of the line over 100% capacity only a few years after opening. Line 3 was forced to adopt its final long term configuration of six-car trains and low headway operation only five years after opening.<ref name="gzdaily131225">{{cite news
| url = http://gzdaily.dayoo.com/html/2013-12/25/content_2493149.htm
| script-title = zh:八年苦战六号线终破茧
| date = 25 December 2013
| newspaper = Guangzhou Daily
| language = zh-hans
| trans-title = Line 6 to open after 8 difficult years of construction
| access-date = 26 December 2013
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131225234036/http://gzdaily.dayoo.com/html/2013-12/25/content_2493149.htm
| archive-date = 25 December 2013
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> However, as of 2014, with continuing growth in passenger demand, many sections of Line 3 are still over 100% capacity even after conversion to six car trains and low headway operation. The section crossing the [[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]] between [[Kecun Station|Kecun]] and [[Canton Tower Station|Canton Tower]] stations is the most congested, reaching 136% capacity.<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://news.dayoo.com/guangzhou/201407/10/73437_37224407.htm
| script-title = zh:穗地铁3号线列车多了等车时间却长了?_广州新闻_广州大洋网
| last1 = Huang
| first1 = Jiayu (黄嘉瑜)
| website = news.dayoo.com
| access-date = 14 December 2016
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161221003421/http://news.dayoo.com/guangzhou/201407/10/73437_37224407.htm
| archive-date = 21 December 2016
}}</ref> In June 2017, the ridership of Line 3 averaged over 2 million passengers per day<ref>{{Cite web
| title = 3号线日均客流量破200万人次高峰期增加空车
| url = http://www.sohu.com/a/167851030_124706
| access-date = 23 May 2021
| website = sohu.com
| language = en
}}</ref> and on 1 March 2019 the line carried 2.54 million passengers in a single day.<ref name="01mar19ridership">{{cite news
| url = http://www.gzmtr.com/ygwm/xwzx/gsxw/201903/t20190304_62048.html
| script-title = zh:1024.1万！春运收官日广州地铁客流再创新高
| publisher = Guangzhou Metro
| date = 4 March 2019
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 13 March 2019
}}</ref> With the busiest section carrying over 60,000 pphpd of passenger volume in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web
| title = 详情
| url = https://www.camet.org.cn/tjxx/5133
| access-date = 2 August 2020
| website = camet.org.cn
}}</ref>

As the controversy surrounding Line 3 unfolded the low capacity design of Line 6, another downscaled line, drew concentrated but late criticism from local media in July 2009.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://gzdaily.dayoo.com/html/2009-07/10/content_629115.htm
| script-title = zh:地铁六号线设22个站点
| trans-title = Metro Line 6 to have 22 stations
| newspaper = Guangzhou Daily
| date = 10 July 2009
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 4 November 2013
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131105051329/http://gzdaily.dayoo.com/html/2009-07/10/content_629115.htm
| archive-date = 5 November 2013
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| url = http://informationtimes.dayoo.com/html/2009-07/15/content_634132.htm
| script-title = zh:6号线仅4车厢，让人怎么挤
| newspaper = Information Times
| date = 15 July 2009
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 4 November 2013
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131105051236/http://informationtimes.dayoo.com/html/2009-07/15/content_634132.htm
| archive-date = 5 November 2013
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| url = http://epaper.nfdaily.cn/html/2009-07/15/content_6764900.htm
| script-title = zh:六号线仅设计4节车厢三号线挤爆场面将重演?
| trans-title = Line 6 designed with only four-car trains, overcrowding of Line 3 to repeat?
| newspaper = Nanfang Daily
| date = 15 July 2009
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 4 November 2013
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131105045717/http://epaper.nfdaily.cn/html/2009-07/15/content_6764900.htm
| archive-date = 5 November 2013
| url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.ycwb.com/ePaper/ycwb/html/2009-07/16/content_544996.htm
| script-title = zh:六号线仍用四节车厢市民担心到时很拥挤
| trans-title = Line 6 to use four-car trains as planned, residents concerned about overcrowding
| newspaper = Yangcheng Evening News
| date = 16 July 2009
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 4 November 2013
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131105051925/http://www.ycwb.com/ePaper/ycwb/html/2009-07/16/content_544996.htm
| archive-date = 5 November 2013
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| url = http://epaper.xkb.com.cn/view.php?id=421450
| script-title = zh:站台设计只能容下四节车厢
| trans-title = Platform design [of Line 6] can accommodate only four cars
| publisher = New Express Daily
| date = 17 July 2009
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 4 November 2013
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131105050239/http://epaper.xkb.com.cn/view.php?id=421450
| archive-date = 5 November 2013
}}</ref> Originally believed to have limited attraction to commuters, Line 6 was intended as an auxiliary line with a projected daily ridership of {{val|428000}} two years after opening and {{val|507000}} in nine years, These projections assumed the opening year of Line 6 was still 2010 and Guangzhou was less populated. Such projections were in line with ridership of the, at the time, underutilized Lines 1 and Line 2 prior to 2004. However, with the construction of Line 6 well underway using the original plan of four car L-type trains, a change to longer trains had become unrealistic as it would require modification to stations structures whose construction had been completed. An internal report of Guangzhou Metro also released in 2009 reckoned that using the same six car B-type rolling stock as Lines 3 and 7 would increase the capacity of Line 6 by 50%. Land expropriation and residence relocation would pose even greater challenges as evidenced by severe delays in the construction of the stations of [[Yide Lu Station|Yide Lu]] and Shahe.<ref name="gzdaily131225" /> In 2014, one year after opening, daily ridership on Line 6 has grown to 600,000 and continues to increase steadily,<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.gzmtr.com/ygwm/xwzx/gsxw/201412/t20141229_38031.html
| script-title = zh:广州地铁全程为你--公司新闻
| website = gzmtr.com
| access-date = 17 September 2016
}}</ref> peaking at 858,000 passengers on 16 September 2016, a mere two years later.<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.gd.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2016-09/16/c_1119569966.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160917133308/http://www.gd.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2016-09/16/c_1119569966.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 17 September 2016
| script-title = zh:中秋假期广州地铁日均客流730万人次- 新华网
| agency = Xinhua News Agency
| access-date = 17 September 2016
}}</ref> With the opening of Phase II extending the line from [[Changban Station|Changban]] to Xiangxue in late 2016 ridership continues to increase, averaging 850,000 passengers per day as of April 2018.<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://news.dayoo.com/guangzhou/201804/28/139995_52161588.htm
| script-title = zh:广州地铁六号线运力再升级！间隔首次压缩到小于3分钟_广州日报大洋网
| last1 = Li
| first1 = Jian (李健)
| website = news.dayoo.com
| language = zh-CN
| access-date = 4 May 2018
}}</ref>

The congestion following the openings of Lines 3 and 6 made a profound impact on the planning and design of metro lines in Guangzhou. Line 5 had an urgent revision during early construction to support longer six car trains but still using a low capacity L-type design. Lines 7 was originally also planned to use the same four car light metro design as Line 6 but was redesigned and constructed to use higher capacity six car B-type trains. Before the opening of Line 6, the mayor of Guangzhou [[Chen Jianhua]] publicly admitted that planning of Line 6 lacked foresight and ridership estimates were too conservative. He predicts the line would be very crowded upon opening. He promised to ensure that future lines will be designed to use trains that are six or more cars long.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://wen.nfdaily.cn/content/2013-11/04/content_83567058.htm
| script-title = zh:广州市长陈建华坦承地铁6号线规划预见性不够
| trans-title = Guangzhou mayor Chen Jianhua admits planning of Metro Line 6 lacked foresight
| publisher = nfdaily.cn
| date = 4 November 2013
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 4 November 2013
}}</ref> Newer lines around the city center such as the under construction [[Line 11 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 11]], [[Line 12 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 12]] and in operation [[Line 13 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 13]] will all use high capacity eight car A-type trains.

=== Quality inspection of Line 3 north extension ===
==== Exposure of quality issue ====
On 11 October 2010, news broke that the concrete structures of two connecting passages in the north extension of Line 3 between [[Jiahewanggang Station|Jiahewanggang]] and [[Longgui Station|Longgui]] had substandard compressive strength. The quality of the two connecting passages was found to be questionable as early as August 2009.<ref name="line3fraud-xkb" /> But it not was brought to light until a technician who worked for a company that inspected their quality posted scanned copies of the original inspection reports in his [[blog]] in August 2010, and the media picked up the story in October 2010.<ref name="line3fraud-nd" />

The connecting passages were intended as connections between two metro tunnels for the maintenance crew and emergency escape corridors for passengers.<ref name="line3fraud-xkb2">{{cite news
| url = http://epaper.xkb.com.cn/view.php?id=578007
| script-title = zh:记者探访施工方项目经理都'休假'
| trans-title = Correspondent visits constructor, project manager 'on vacation'
| publisher = New Express Daily
| date = 12 October 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 12 October 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110707022846/http://epaper.xkb.com.cn/view.php?id=578007
| archive-date = 7 July 2011
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> Their compressive strength was designed to reach 30 [[Pascal (unit)|MPa]]. However, the lowest values measured in two inspections were only 21.9 MPa and 25.5 MPa, respectively.<ref name="line3fraud-nd">{{cite news
| url = http://gcontent.oeeee.com/8/16/816826c162e44db2/Blog/477/ff5e87.html
| script-title = zh:广州三号线北延段有问题？
| trans-title = North extension of Guangzhou Metro Line 3 problematic?
| newspaper = Southern Metropolis Daily
| date = 12 October 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 12 October 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101014182112/http://gcontent.oeeee.com/8/16/816826c162e44db2/Blog/477/ff5e87.html
| archive-date = 14 October 2010
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> Guangzhou Metro and Beijing Chang Cheng [[Bilfinger Berger]] Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. (BCBB), contractor of the Jiahewanggang–Longgui section,<ref name="line3fraud-xkb2" /> commissioned two inspection companies to perform a total of three inspections. All three inspections reported results below standard. According to the technician who disclosed the issue and another technician who participated in the first inspection, possible consequences of weaker-than-standard concrete structures included collapse of the passages, blockage of groundwater drains, and even paralysation of the metro tunnels.<ref name="line3fraud-xkb" />

==== Alleged fraud attempts ====
According to the two technicians, BCBB rejected a negative inspection report and conspired with their employer company to produce a fraudulent positive report.<ref name="line3fraud-xkb">{{cite news
| url = http://news.xkb.com.cn/guangzhou/2010/1011/94954.html
| script-title = zh:广州地铁三号线北延段验收作假？
| trans-title = Fraud in inspection-on-acceptance of north extension of Guangzhou Metro Line 3?
| publisher = New Express Daily
| date = 11 October 2010
| access-date = 11 October 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101017054856/http://news.xkb.com.cn/guangzhou/2010/1011/94954.html
| archive-date = 17 October 2010
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> In response, both the inspection company and BCBB denied their involvement in any fraud attempts.<ref name="line3fraud-nd" /> Su Zhenyu, a deputy manager of the Quality and Safety Division of Guangzhou Metro, admitted the quality issue with the connecting passages but maintained the innocence of Guangzhou Metro. According to him (Guangzhou Metro) never received the original inspection reports in 2009 and was unaware of the issue until it received them on 30 September 2010. Su blamed the incident on deceit by BCBB and declared the structures safe for train operation.<ref name="line3fraud-xkb" /> Su's comments were acknowledged by Guangzhou Metro.<ref name="line3fraud-nd" />

==== Reactions ====
According to Su (Guangzhou Metro) had launched an investigation into the incident and demanded remedial plans for fortifying the structures from the designer after its experts verified that the quality of the passage did not meet the design standard.<ref name="line3fraud-xkb" /> In its official response (Guangzhou Metro) claimed that it had been monitoring the connecting passages since they were completed in August 2009 and noticed no cracks, deformation or leaks. It also commissioned a re-inspection in September 2010 and obtained results comparable to previous ones. Evaluation by the designer of the connecting passages based on these results recognised their structures as safe. Previously in 2009, the designer also evaluated one of the two connecting passages as safe upon demand of BCBB with the standard for its compressive strength at the lowest permissible value of 25 MPa.<ref name="line3fraud-nf">{{cite news
| url = http://nf.nfdaily.cn/nfrb/content/2010-10/12/content_16566485.htm
| script-title = zh:广州地铁三号线北延段隧道结构安全可如期开通
| trans-title = Tunnel structure of north extension of Guangzhou Metro Line 3 is safe, will open on schedule
| newspaper = Nanfang Daily
| date = 12 October 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 12 October 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101019163715/http://nf.nfdaily.cn/nfrb/content/2010-10/12/content_16566485.htm
| archive-date = 19 October 2010
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

In the wake of widespread media coverage, the Construction Commission of Guangzhou launched an investigation into the incident. The commission invited an independent expert group to inspect the connecting passages. The expert group reaffirmed that despite their quality was indeed below the design standard, the passages were safe for operation and needed not be strengthened or rebuilt. The commission also confirmed that BCBB violated regulations in concealing negative inspection reports from related parties.<ref name="line3fraud-nfzm">{{cite news
| url = http://www.infzm.com/content/51219
| script-title = zh:广州地铁三号线调查结果：确有不达标问题但不需加强或重做
| trans-title = Conclusions of Guangzhou Metro Line 3 investigation: quality standard indeed not met, but no strengthening or rebuild needed
| newspaper = [[Southern Weekly]]
| date = 15 October 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 29 October 2010
}}</ref> The cause of weaker-than-standard concrete structures was blamed by deputy mayor Su Zequn on cement being mixed manually instead of using machinery due to space limitation at the construction site.<ref name="line3fraud-nd2">{{cite news
| url = http://gcontent.oeeee.com/8/06/806beafe154032a5/Blog/b34/75b325.html
| script-title = zh:'通道水泥硬度不达标不影响主隧道安全'
| trans-title = Below-standard strength of cement in passages does not affect safety of main tunnels
| newspaper = Southern Metropolis Daily
| date = 19 October 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 29 October 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110724043149/http://gcontent.oeeee.com/8/06/806beafe154032a5/Blog/b34/75b325.html
| archive-date = 24 July 2011
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

The scheduled opening of the north extension of Line 3 on 30 October 2010 was eventually unaffected.

=== Universal free access in November 2010 ===
In January 2010, then-mayor [[Zhang Guangning]] revealed to the media that the local government was considering rewarding residents with an "Asian Games gift package" in acknowledgement of their support for the Games.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.ycwb.com/ePaper/ycwb/html/2010-01/06/content_706179.htm
| script-title = zh:张广宁：想给市民送'亚运大礼包'
| trans-title = Zhang Guangning: intending to give an "Asian Games gift package" to residents
| newspaper = Yangcheng Evening News
| date = 6 January 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 6 November 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927095518/http://www.ycwb.com/ePaper/ycwb/html/2010-01/06/content_706179.htm
| archive-date = 27 September 2011
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> On 27 September 2010, contents of the gift package were officially announced. Included was universal free access to public transit on 30 workdays in November and December 2010 that would coincide with the schedules of the [[2010 Asian Games]] and [[2010 Asian Para Games|Asian Para Games]] in urban areas excluding the districts of [[Panyu District|Panyu]], [[Nansha, Guangzhou|Nansha]] and [[Huadu District|Huadu]] and the cities of [[Zengcheng]] and [[Conghua]]. The measure was intended to compensate for the inconvenience caused by a temporary traffic rule that would ban cars from the streets by the parity of the last digits of their license plates during the Games.<ref name="asiad-gift">{{cite news
| url = http://2010.dayoo.com/201009/27/91144_14010101.htm
| script-title = zh:亚运大礼包公布全城市民30天免费乘公交
| trans-title = Asia Games gift package announced, residents to enjoy 30-day free public transit
| publisher = dayoo.com
| date = 27 September 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 6 November 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100930040607/http://2010.dayoo.com/201009/27/91144_14010101.htm
| archive-date = 30 September 2010
| url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| url = http://english.cri.cn/6909/2010/11/01/2722s602354.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121020043235/http://english.cri.cn/6909/2010/11/01/2722s602354.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 20 October 2012
| title = Guangzhou restricts traffic for green Asian Games
| publisher = [[China Radio International]]
| date = 1 November 2010
| agency = [[Xinhua News Agency|Xinhua]]
| access-date = 6 November 2010
}}</ref>

The free rides policy prompted unprecedented enthusiasm from local residents on 1 November 2010, the first day it went into effect. The metro system carried 7.80 million rides, doubling the figure of an average day.<ref name="101101ridership">{{cite news
| url = http://www.ycwb.com/ePaper/ycwb/html/2010-11/02/content_960819.htm
| script-title = zh:多个地铁站仍须控客流
| trans-title = Flow control still in effect at multiple metro stations
| newspaper = Yangcheng Evening News
| date = 2 November 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 2 November 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101105234519/http://www.ycwb.com/ePaper/ycwb/html/2010-11/02/content_960819.htm
| archive-date = 5 November 2010
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> Ridership of the day exceeded the previous peak of 5.13 million on [[National Day of the People's Republic of China|National Day]] 1 October 2010 by a significant margin and set a national record.<ref name="101001ridership">{{cite news
| url = http://www.ycwb.com/ePaper/ycwb/html/2010-10/02/content_938372.htm
| script-title = zh:513万客流扑向国庆地铁
| trans-title = 5.13 million rides hit metro on National Day
| newspaper = Yangcheng Evening News
| date = 2 October 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 2 October 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006002100/http://www.ycwb.com/ePaper/ycwb/html/2010-10/02/content_938372.htm
| archive-date = 6 October 2010
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> Metro traffic remained intense in the days that followed. The daily ridership record was refreshed twice on 3 and 5 November 2010, reaching 7.844 million; total ridership amounted to 38.77 million over the entire workweek.<ref name="5nov10ridership">{{cite news
| url = http://ycdtb.dayoo.com/html/2011-01/10/content_1239487.htm
| script-title = zh:第二届地铁春联今起征集
| trans-title = Second Metro Spring Duilian Contest starts today
| publisher = Guangzhou Metro Daily
| date = 10 January 2011
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 23 January 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120317120832/http://ycdtb.dayoo.com/html/2011-01/10/content_1239487.htm
| archive-date = 17 March 2012
| url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref name="nov10ridership">{{cite news
| url = http://gcontent.oeeee.com/a/2c/a2cc63e065705fe9/Blog/ec0/0d76db.html
| script-title = zh:首个免费周地铁日均客流超750万
| trans-title = Metro daily ridership averages over 7.5 million in first free rides week
| newspaper = [[Southern Metropolis Daily]]
| date = 6 November 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 6 November 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101109234133/http://gcontent.oeeee.com/a/2c/a2cc63e065705fe9/Blog/ec0/0d76db.html
| archive-date = 9 November 2010
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> Provisional flow control measures were put into force at all stations, but were utterly inadequate to contain traffic far beyond the design capacity of the metro system.<ref name="nov10ridership" /> Trains were often crammed, and stations were filled with people queuing in swarms to take a free ride.<ref name="xinhua">{{cite news
| url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-11/07/c_13594463.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111123231013/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-11/07/c_13594463.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 23 November 2011
| title = China shuts free-ride scheme for Asiad following huge response
| publisher = Xinhua News Agency
| date = 7 November 2010
| access-date = 7 November 2010
}}</ref> Guangzhou Metro estimated that when the Asian Games opened, daily ridership would surpass 8 million.<ref name="nov10ridership" />

Five days after the free rides policy came into force, local authorities decided to rescind the free public transit offer starting from 8 November 2010 and replace it with a cash subsidy program as they deemed the enormous public response a potential security threat to the Games.<ref name="xinhua" /> [[Hukou system#Household registration in China|Registered households]] and migrant households with presence in the city longer than half a year would each receive a public transit subsidy of ¥150 in cash; individuals in corporate households would each receive ¥50. Residents could claim the subsidies between 12 January and 31 March 2011.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://news.xkb.com.cn/guangzhou/2011/0111/113091.html
| script-title = zh:亚运公交补贴明起发放市民可打电话咨询
| trans-title = Asian Games public transit subsidies to be given out tomorrow; residents can enquire over phone
| publisher = New Express Daily
| date = 11 January 2011
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 24 January 2010
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130101220823/http://news.xkb.com.cn/guangzhou/2011/0111/113091.html
| archive-date = 1 January 2013
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> Public transit discount policies that were in effect before November 2010 remained unchanged.<ref name="transit-benefits-adjustments">{{cite web
| url = http://www.gz.gov.cn/business/htmlfiles/gzgov/s2342/201011/700472.html
| script-title = zh:关于调整广州亚运会亚残运会期间公共交通惠民措施的通告
| trans-title = Announcement of adjustments to public transit benefits during Guangzhou Asian Games and Asian Para Games
| publisher = Communications Commission of Guangzhou; Guangzhou Metro Corporation
| date = 6 November 2010
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 6 November 2010
}}</ref>

=== Kangwang Lu sinkhole incident ===
Around 16:40 on 28 January 2013, in the immediate neighbourhood of the construction site of the Cultural Park Station of Line 6 on Kangwang Lu ({{zh|s=康王路}}), a sinkhole of approximately {{val|100|u=m2}} in area and {{val|10|u=m}} in depth collapsed, consuming several houses and trees.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://epaper.oeeee.com/G/html/2013-01/29/content_1802070.htm
| script-title = zh:好大一个坑吞楼又吞树
| trans-title = Big hole consumes houses and trees
| newspaper = Southern Metropolis Daily
| date = 29 January 2013
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 15 February 2013
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130411143156/http://epaper.oeeee.com/G/html/2013-01/29/content_1802070.htm
| archive-date = 11 April 2013
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> Six collapses occurred within 40 minutes. Two more collapses occurred later at 21:45, when workers were pouring concrete into the sinkhole. Nearby roads were immediately closed for emergency engineering.<ref name="infotimes130129">{{cite news
| url = http://informationtimes.dayoo.com/html/2013-01/29/content_2140550.htm
| script-title = zh:地质与图纸不符爆破致地陷
| trans-title = Blast operation based on inaccurate drawings caused sinkhole
| newspaper = Information Times
| date = 29 January 2013
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 15 February 2013
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140103224457/http://informationtimes.dayoo.com/html/2013-01/29/content_2140550.htm
| archive-date = 3 January 2014
}}</ref> The affected section of Kangwang Lu remained closed until the Spring Festival holidays and was closed for a second time on 12 February due to discovery of additional risks.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://epaper.oeeee.com/A/html/2013-02/12/content_1808112.htm
| script-title = zh:广州康王南路下陷路段再封闭
| trans-title = Sunken section of Kangwang Nanlu in Guangzhou closed again
| newspaper = Southern Metropolis Daily
| date = 12 February 2013
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 15 February 2013
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130411144743/http://epaper.oeeee.com/A/html/2013-02/12/content_1808112.htm
| archive-date = 11 April 2013
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

There were no casualties in the incident because metro construction workers detected geological anomalies 20 minutes before the initial collapse and promptly evacuated the neighbourhood.<ref name="infotimes130129" /> The sinkhole caused disruptions to electricity, gas and water supplies and drainage pipelines. Preliminary analysis blamed the incident on inaccurate geological drawings used for underground blast operations.<ref name="nddaily130131">{{cite news
| url = http://epaper.oeeee.com/G/html/2013-01/31/content_1803506.htm
| script-title = zh:塌拆商铺补贴5万元每户搬家费2000元
| trans-title = ¥50,000 compensation for each collapsed/demolished business, ¥2000 for each relocated household
| newspaper = Southern Metropolis Daily
| date = 31 January 2013
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 15 February 2013
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130411145540/http://epaper.oeeee.com/G/html/2013-01/31/content_1803506.htm
| archive-date = 11 April 2013
| url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref name="nddaily130131b">{{cite news
| url = http://epaper.oeeee.com/A/html/2013-01/31/content_1803374.htm
| script-title = zh:已塌档口每户临时补贴5万元
| trans-title = Collapsed businesses to receive ¥50,000 in provisional compensation
| newspaper = Southern Metropolis Daily
| date = 31 January 2013
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 15 February 2013
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130411141658/http://epaper.oeeee.com/A/html/2013-01/31/content_1803374.htm
| archive-date = 11 April 2013
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> In total, 412 households, 103 businesses and 69 warehouses were evacuated, and 257 residents were relocated.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.gzmtr.com/ttxw/t20130131_304443.htm
| script-title = zh:30日康王路塌陷事件进展
| trans-title = 30 January status report of Kangwang Lu sinkhole incident
| publisher = Guangzhou Metro
| date = 30 January 2013
| language = zh-hans
| access-date = 15 February 2013
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130411020022/http://www.gzmtr.com/ttxw/t20130131_304443.htm
| archive-date = 11 April 2013
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> Guangzhou Metro offered provisional compensations that amounted to ¥50,000 for each collapsed business and ¥2600 for each resident of the collapsed houses, among other compensations.<ref name="nddaily130131b" />

== Overseas business ==
On February 25, 2020, the Guangzhou Metro Group and the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] Provincial Public Transport Authority of [[Pakistan]] signed a service contract for the operation and maintenance of the Orange Line of the [[Lahore Metro]] in Pakistan. The bid-winning consortium would undertake the operation and maintenance of the Lahore Metro Orange Line for eight years.

== See also ==
* [[List of Guangzhou Metro stations|List of Guangzhou Metro lines & stations]]
* [[FMetro|Foshan Metro (FMetro)]]
* [[Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region intercity railway]]
* [[Dongguan Rail Transit]]
* [[List of rapid transit systems]]
* [[Metro systems by annual passenger rides]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book
| script-title = zh:与龙共舞：广州地铁深度报道
| trans-title = Dancing with the Dragon: An In-Depth Report of Guangzhou Metro
| author = Yu Dingyu
| editor = ''Nanfengchuang'' Magazine
| editor-link = Nanfengchuang
| publisher = Huacheng Press
| year = 2006
| isbn = 7-5360-4829-7
| language = zh-hans
| url = http://www.gzmtr.com/yxzx/web/index1.htm
| access-date = 23 November 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110718141319/http://www.gzmtr.com/yxzx/web/index1.htm
| archive-date = 18 July 2011
| url-status = dead
}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons|Guangzhou Metro|Guangzhou Metro}}
* {{official website|http://cs.gzmtr.com/ckfwEnglish/|name=Guangzhou Metro (official website)}}
* [http://www.urbanrail.net/as/cn/guan/guangzhou.htm Guangzhou at ''UrbanRail.net'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131124024733/http://www.gzmtr.com/en/ckfw/dtxlt/ Guangzhou Metro route map and trip planner]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2prSZujSvi4 Official Guangzhou Metro Model Train]
* [https://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/guangdong/guangzhou/subway/ Travel China Guide]

{{Northern Guangdong transit}}
{{Guangzhou and Foshan Metro lines}}
{{Guangzhou Metro
| line1=yes
| line2=yes
| line3=yes
| line4=yes
| line5=yes
| line6=yes
| line7=yes
| line8=yes
| line9=yes
| line13=yes
| line14=yes
| line18=yes
| line21=yes
| line22=yes
| lineGF=yes
| APM=yes
| THZ1=yes
}}
{{Rapid transit in the People's Republic of China}}
{{Internationally Metro Organizations}}
{{Guangzhou}}
{{Rapid transit in Asia}}

{{coord|23.1089|N|113.2647|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

[[Category:Guangzhou Metro| ]]
[[Category:1500 V DC railway electrification]]
[[Category:1997 establishments in China]]
[[Category:Projects established in 1958]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Guangdong]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1997]]
[[Category:Rapid transit in China]]
[[Category:Underground rapid transit in China]]
[[Category:1997 in Guangzhou]]

Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute, Tianjin University

2024-10-09T07:39:28Z

TimWu007: Undid revision 1244706136 by Cfls (talk)

{{Short description|College in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute, Tianjin University
| native_name = 天津大学佐治亚理工深圳学院
| other_name =
| logo = Logo of Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute, Tianjin University.png
| type = [[Public university|Public]]
| established = {{start date|August 2014}}
| closed =
| accreditation = March 2020
| city = [[Shenzhen]]
| province = [[Guangdong]]
| country = [[China]]
| campus_type = Urban
| campus_size = {{Convert|40|acre}}
| language = [[English language|English]]
| website = {{Official URL}}
}}

'''Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute, Tianjin University''' ({{Lang-zh|s=天津大学佐治亚理工深圳学院|labels=no}}; '''GTSI''') is an affiliated college of [[Tianjin University]] and an oversea campus of the [[Georgia Institute of Technology]], located in [[Nanshan, Shenzhen|Nanshan]], [[Shenzhen]], [[Guangdong]], [[China]].

== History ==
The institute was established as a joint venture between Tianjin University and the Georgia Institute of Technology in August 2014, and received [[higher education accreditation]] from the [[Ministry of Education (China)|Ministry of Education of China]] in March 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wang |first=Yufeng |date=2016-02-28 |title=Georgia Tech – Shenzhen Media Briefing on April 23, 2014 |url=https://www.shenzhen.gatech.edu/2016/02/28/georgia-tech-shenzhen-media-briefing-on-april-23-2014-2/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Tianjin University Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909191320/https://www.shenzhen.gatech.edu/2016/02/28/georgia-tech-shenzhen-media-briefing-on-april-23-2014-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Williams-2016">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Trevor |date=2016-12-06 |title=Georgia Tech to Open New Campus in Shenzhen, China |url=http://www.globalatlanta.com/georgia-tech-open-new-campus-shenzhen-china/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Global Atlanta |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015231250/https://www.globalatlanta.com/georgia-tech-open-new-campus-shenzhen-china/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=新开"王牌"专业！天津大学佐治亚理工深圳学院开启全面办学第二年 |url=http://m.cyol.com/gb/articles/2022-08/23/content_8q3AKiW4Y.html |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=m.cyol.com |archive-date=2024-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319132808/http://m.cyol.com/gb/articles/2022-08/23/content_8q3AKiW4Y.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The campus of the institute is approximately 40 acres large.<ref name="Williams-2016" /><ref name="Georgia Tech-Shenzhen-2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-11-14 |title=A Brief Introduction – Engineering Study Abroad |url=https://www.shenzhen.gatech.edu/a-brief-introduction-engineering/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Tianjin University Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729155641/https://www.shenzhen.gatech.edu/a-brief-introduction-engineering/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2020, the [[United States Department of Commerce]] added Tianjin University to the [[Entity List]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Martina |first=Michael |date=September 6, 2024 |title=Georgia Tech to end China partnerships following concerns over military ties |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/georgia-tech-end-china-partnerships-following-concerns-over-military-ties-2024-09-06/ |access-date=September 7, 2024 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> In September 2024, Georgia Tech announced that it will exit the Shenzhen Institute, following [[United States House Select Committee on Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party|U.S. congressional scrutiny]] of potential ties to the [[People's Liberation Army]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Martina |first=Michael |date=May 9, 2024 |title=US committee targets Georgia Tech's alleged ties to Chinese military linked research |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-committee-targets-georgia-techs-alleged-ties-chinese-military-linked-research-2024-05-09/ |access-date=May 9, 2024 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Current students are able to complete their degree requirements and study abroad programs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Georgia Tech to Exit Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute {{!}} News Center |url=https://news.gatech.edu/news/2024/09/06/georgia-tech-exit-georgia-tech-shenzhen-institute |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=news.gatech.edu |language=en |archive-date=2024-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909191207/https://news.gatech.edu/news/2024/09/06/georgia-tech-exit-georgia-tech-shenzhen-institute |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Programs ==
The institute offers undergraduate and graduate programs in electrical and computer engineering,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-20 |title=MS Electrical and Computer Engineering |url=https://www.shenzhen.gatech.edu/ms-ece/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Tianjin University Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909191207/https://www.shenzhen.gatech.edu/ms-ece/ |url-status=live }}</ref> as well as related fields. It is accredited by the [[Southern Association of Colleges and Schools|Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges]], and mostly caters to [[graduate students]] pursuing degrees in [[Master of Science|Masters of Science]].<ref name="Georgia Tech-Shenzhen-2022" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Official website}}
{{Georgia Tech Navbox}}{{Shenzhen}}{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Georgia Tech colleges and schools]]

Nio Inc.

2024-10-09T06:31:17Z

TimWu007:

{{short description|Chinese car company}}
{{COI|date=March 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Nio Inc.
| module = {{Infobox Chinese|child=yes|s=上海蔚来汽车有限公司|t=上海蔚來汽車有限公司|p=Shànghǎi Wèilái Qìchē Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī|altname=Business name|s2=蔚来汽车|t2=蔚來汽車|l2=Sky-Blue Coming Motor Vehicles|p2=Wèilái Qìchē|mi2={{IPAc-cmn|wei|4|l|ai|2|-|q|i|4|ch|e|1}}|order=st}}
| logo = NIO logo.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| image = NIO House.jpg
| image_size = 260px
| image_caption = Nio House in [[Beijing]], China
| former_name = NextEV (2014–2016)
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{NYSE|NIO}}|{{SEHK|9866}}|{{SGX|NIO}}}}
| ISIN = US62914V1061
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|2014|11}}
| founder = [[William Li]]
| hq_location =
| location_city = [[Shanghai]]
| hq_location_country = China
| num_locations =
| area_served = {{ubl
| [[China]] (including [[Macau]])
| [[Germany]]
| [[United Kingdom]]
| [[Norway]]
}}
| products = [[Electric vehicles]]
| brands = {{ubl
| Nio
| [[Onvo]]
}}
| services =
| production = {{increase}} 160,038 vehicles (2023)
| key_people = {{ubl
| William Li ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])
| [[Lihong Qin]] ([[President (corporate title)|President]])
| Wei Feng ([[CFO]])
}}
| revenue = {{increase}} {{CNY|16.258|link=yes}} billion (2020)
| operating_income = {{decrease}} {{CNY|-15.641}} billion (2022)
| net_income = {{increase}} {{CNY|-5.611}} billion (2020)
| assets = {{increase}} {{CNY|96.263}} billion (2022)
| equity = {{increase}} {{CNY|27.171}} billion (2020)
| num_employees = 20,000+ (2023)
| divisions = [[ERT Formula E Team]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.nio.com|nio.com}}
| footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nio.com/about |title=About |publisher=NIO |date= |access-date=2022-04-11}}</ref><ref name=AR20>{{cite web|url=https://ir.nio.com/static-files/72b2a3c4-24c7-492f-8a4e-c4ea9c103350|title=NIO Inc. Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2020 Financial Results|website=www.nio.com|language=en|access-date=2021-03-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/company/nio%E8%94%9A%E6%9D%A5/about/|title=NIO: About {{!}} LinkedIn|website=www.linkedin.com|language=en|access-date=2021-03-02}}</ref>
}}

'''Nio Inc.''' ({{zh|p=Wèilái|s=蔚来}}; stylized as '''NIO''') is a Chinese multinational [[automobile manufacturer]] headquartered in [[Shanghai]], specializing in designing and developing [[Electric car|electric vehicles]]. The company was established in 2014, and adopted its current name in 2016. In 2018, Nio filed for a [[initial public offering]] on the [[New York Stock Exchange]]. The company expanded its sales to the European market in 2021. As of 2023, Nio has two manufacturing plants in [[Hefei]], [[Anhui Province]], China, in collaboration with state-owned vehicle manufacturer [[JAC Group]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dixon |first=Tim |date=2023-12-07 |title=NIO Gains Manufacturing Qualification & Buys Factories |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2023/12/06/nio-gains-manufacturing-qualification-buys-factories/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=CleanTechnica |language=en-US}}</ref>

The company is notable for developing and operating [[Battery swapping|battery-swapping]] stations for its vehicles, as an alternative to conventional [[charging stations]]. It operates over 1,300 battery swap stations in China.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-16 |title=Will swapping out electric car batteries catch on? |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-61310513 |access-date=2022-05-26}}</ref> It also develops semi-autonomous and [[autonomous vehicle]] technologies. Nio has participated in [[Formula E]] racing since 2014. In 2024, Nio established a new electric car brand called [[Onvo]], targeting the mainstream market.

== Overview ==
[[File:NIO_House_in_Oslo,_Norway_(2022).jpg|thumb|250px|Nio House in [[Oslo]], [[Norway]]]]
After the brand launch on November 21, 2016 in the [[Saatchi Gallery]] in London, England, several companies invested in Nio, including [[Tencent]], [[Temasek Holdings|Temasek]], [[Sequoia Capital|Sequoia]], [[Lenovo]] and [[TPG Capital|TPG]]. Its first model, the [[Nio EP9]] [[sports car]], debuted the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winton |first=Neil |date=Nov 21, 2016 |title=China's NextEV Launches NIO Brand And World's Fastest Electric Car |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/neilwinton/2016/11/21/chinas-nextev-launches-nio-brand-and-worlds-fastest-electric-car/ |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

In October 2016, Nio announced that it had been given an "Autonomous Vehicle Testing Permit" by the [[California]] [[Department of motor vehicles|DMV]] and it would begin testing on public roads under the "Autonomous Vehicle Tester Program" guidelines as part of its [[Self-driving car|autonomous vehicle]] program. According to the company, it planned to launch vehicles with level-three and level-four autonomy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nio.io/news/nextev-issued-autonomous-vehicle-testing-permit-california|title=NIO – NextEV Issued Autonomous Vehicle Testing Permit in California|website=www.nio.io|language=en|access-date=2017-05-11}}</ref>

In May 2018, Nio opened its first battery swap station in the [[Nanshan, Shenzhen|Nanshan district]], [[Shenzhen]], [[Guangdong]] Province, China, dubbed the "Power Swap Station".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://insideevs.com/nio-opened-first-battery-swap-station-in-shenzhen/|title=NIO Opens First Battery Swap Station In Shenzhen|website= [[InsideEVs]]|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-29}}</ref> Only batteries for [[Nio ES8|ES8]] cars would be available from this station.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://insideevs.com/news/338117/nio-opens-first-battery-swap-station-in-shenzhen/|title=NIO announced that its first battery swap station – called the Power Swap Station – is now fully operational in the Nanshan Science and Technology Park, Shenzhen, China|publisher=Insidedeevs|author=Mark Kane|access-date=9 May 2019}}</ref>

In September 2018, the company filed for a US$1.8 billion [[initial public offering]] on the [[New York Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thehustle.co/Nio-IPO-China/|title=Chinese electric carmaker filed for a $1.8B IPO in the US after selling 481 cars with 15000 backlog. |date=2018-08-15 |work=The Hustle|access-date=2018-08-22}}</ref>

By 2020, Nio was on the brink of bankruptcy and its share price had fallen 62% since its IPO.<ref name=":024">{{Cite book |last=Jin |first=Keyu |title=The New China Playbook: Beyond Socialism and Capitalism |date=2023 |publisher=Viking |isbn=978-1-9848-7828-1 |location=New York |author-link=Keyu Jin}}</ref>{{Rp|page=101}} The city government of [[Hefei]] obtained a 25% stake in Nio.<ref name=":024" />{{Rp|page=101}} In late April 2020, Nio announced approximately US$1 billion in new funding from a group of Chinese investors,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ir.nio.com/news-events/news-releases/news-release-details/nio-announces-entry-definitive-agreements |title=NIO Announces Entry into Definitive Agreements for Investments in NIO China |date=29 April 2020 |website=Nio.com |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200501044936/https://ir.nio.com/news-events/news-releases/news-release-details/nio-announces-entry-definitive-agreements | archive-date=1 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> which was needed due to the company's struggles to sell its vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/nio-ev-china-startup-investment-future/ |title=Chinese EV maker Nio nabs $1B lifeline |date=29 April 2020 |first=Sean |last=Szymkowski |website=CNET.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501051941/https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/nio-ev-china-startup-investment-future/ |archive-date=1 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> As part of the deal, Nio would transfer assets to a new subsidiary called Nio China, which will be headquartered in Hefei.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nio-investment-idUSKCN22B0NL |title=Nio shares surge after it secures $1 billion investment |website=reuters.com |date=28 April 2020 |first1=Yilei |last1=Sun |first2=Brenda |last2=Goh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501051716/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nio-investment-idUSKCN22B0NL |archive-date=1 May 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hefei's government also helped Nio to obtain loans from six local banks to help it develop its supply chain for batteries, engines, and control systems.<ref name=":024" />{{Rp|page=101}} Over the next year, the company's car production increased by 81% and the company's valuation reached US$100 billion.<ref name=":024" />{{Rp|page=101}}

In August 2020, Nio launched Battery as a Service (BaaS) and formed a battery asset management company in collaboration with [[Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited (CATL)|Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited]] (CATL), Hubei Science Technology Investment Group Co., Ltd. and a subsidiary of Guotai Junan International Holdings Limited, with each contributing roughly US$31.6 million (CN¥200 million) into the venture, for 25% equity each. BaaS helps lower the purchase price of Nio electric vehicles by about 25%.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/08/20/2081092/0/en/NIO-Inc-Announces-Launch-of-Battery-as-a-Service-and-Establishment-of-Battery-Asset-Company.html/|title=NIO Inc. Announces Launch of Battery as a Service and Establishment of Battery Asset Company|via=globenewswire.com|author=NIO|date=20 August 2020|access-date=17 October 2021}}</ref>

In May 2021, Nio announced an expansion plan, saying it would begin delivering cars to Norway by September 2021.<ref>{{cite web|author=Evelyn Cheng |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/06/nio-plans-to-start-delivering-cars-to-norway-in-september.html |title=Nio plans to start delivering cars to Norway in September |publisher=Cnbc.com |date= 6 May 2021|access-date=2022-04-11}}</ref> In the third quarter of 2021, Nio delivered 24,439 ES8, [[Nio ES6|ES6]], and [[Nio EC6|EC6]] vehicles, a new quarterly record representing a growth of 100% year over year.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-11-10|title=NIO Inc. (NIO) Q3 2021 Earnings Call Transcript|url=https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2021/11/10/nio-inc-nio-q3-2021-earnings-call-transcript/|access-date=2021-12-06|website=The Motley Fool|language=en}}</ref> In 2021, the company announced plans to expand to 25 different countries and regions by 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIO: A Chinese EV Company's Global Strategy - Case - Faculty & Research - Harvard Business School |url=https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=62268 |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=www.hbs.edu}}</ref>

In August 2023, Nio Capital led the [[Series A round|A-round financing]] of Mavel, a provider of electric drive solutions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIO Capital leads the investment in Mavel A-round financing |url=http://www.eeo.com.cn/2023/0810/600912.shtml |access-date=2023-08-20 |website=www.eeo.com.cn}}</ref> Nio announced in the same month that they were selected to provide electric cars for Oslo-based taxis in Norway.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.autoevolution.com/news/nio-scores-a-major-goal-with-deal-to-become-oslo-taxi-s-first-choice-supplier-220090.html | title=NIO Scores a Major Goal with Deal to Become Oslo Taxi's First-Choice Supplier | date=24 August 2023 }}</ref>

On 14 December 2023, Nio founder, chairman and CEO [[William Li]] stated that in order to cope with competition, Nio would create a new brand and described it's product roadmap. This new brand would be focused on the family market. The brand is expected to have only three models in its entire life cycle. This brand will also help Nio enter the 200,000 yuan ("25,000 euros"<ref>{{Cite web |title=200000 Chinese yuan rmb to Euros Exchange Rate. Convert CNY/EUR |url=https://wise.com/gb/currency-converter/cny-to-eur-rate?amount=200000 |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=Wise |language=en-GB}}</ref>) market.<ref>{{Cite web|title=正面回应140个问题！李斌称蔚来明年要推第二品牌，换电"朋友圈"将继续开放|url=https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1785345239321103399&wfr=spider&for=pc&searchword=%E8%94%9A%E6%9D%A5%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%93%81%E7%89%8C|website=每日经济新闻}}</ref>

In December 2023, Nio obtained the production qualification for automobiles and announced the acquisition of [[JAC Group|JAC]] factories that manufacture Nio vehicles, at the price of 3.2 billion yuan, which marks the end of JAC's OEM business for Nio.<ref>{{Cite web |title=31亿！蔚来正式获得江淮工厂 - OFweek新能源汽车网 |url=https://nev.ofweek.com/2023-12/ART-71011-8120-30618854.html |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=nev.ofweek.com}}</ref>

== Vehicles ==
{{Main|List of Nio vehicles}}
=== Nio brand ===
[[File:NIO at Auto Guangzhou 2023 20231126.jpg|thumb|Nio at [[Auto Guangzhou]] 2023]]
Nio's first car was the [[Nio EP9]] electric hypercar, presented the same day the brand was launched.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-21 |title=NextEV Launches NIO Brand and World's Fastest Electric Car |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20161121005405/en/NextEV-Launches-NIO-Brand-and-World%E2%80%99s-Fastest-Electric-Car |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.businesswire.com |language=en}}</ref> Nio revealed the [[Nio ES8|ES8]], a seven-seater electric SUV in December 2017 and began deliveries of the ES8 in June 2018. Nio launched the [[Nio ES6|ES6]], a five-seater electric SUV, in December 2018, and began deliveries in June 2019. In December 2019, Nio launched the [[Nio EC6|EC6]], a five-seater electric coupe SUV with deliveries beginning in September 2020. Nio launched [[Nio ET7|ET7]], its electric sedan, in January 2021 and revealed [[Nio ET5|ET5]], its most compact sedan at Nio Day in December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheng |first=Evelyn |date=2021-12-18 |title=Chinese electric car start-up Nio reveals a new sedan, augmented reality glasses |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/12/18/chinese-electric-car-start-up-nio-reveals-a-new-sedan-ar-vr-glasses.html |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>

To date, Nio has revealed two concept cars; [[Nio Eve|EVE]] at SXSW 2017 and [[Nio ET7#NIO ET Preview|ET Preview]] at Auto Shanghai 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rennolds |first=Elias Holdenried, Nathan |title=I tried out a luxury autonomous car considered the Chinese rival to Tesla — it was like driving an airplane |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/i-tested-out-chinese-tesla-and-it-was-like-airplane-2021-9 |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Blanco |first=Sebastian |title=NIO ET Preview Is A Quiet Concept For A New Electric Sedan |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastianblanco/2019/04/17/nio-et-preview-is-a-concept-for-a-new-electric-sedan/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Model name
! Photo
! Specifications
|-
! colspan="3" |[[Sports car|Sport car]]
|-
! [[Nio EP9|EP9]]
| [[File:Nio EP9.jpg|frameless]]
|{{Plainlist|
*'''Body style:''' [[Coupe]]
*'''Class:''' [[Sports car]]
*'''Doors:''' 2
*'''Seats:''' 2
*'''Motor:''' Indirectly [[water cooling|water-cooled]] [[electric motors]]
*'''Production:''' 2016–2019
*'''Range:''' {{cvt|427|km}}
*'''Top speed:''' {{cvt|313|kph}}
}}
|-
! colspan="3" |Sedan
|-
![[Nio ET9|ET9]]
|
|{{Plainlist|
*'''Body style:''' [[fastback]] [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]]
*'''Class:''' [[Full-size car|Full-size]] ([[F-segment|F]])
*'''Doors:''' 4
*'''Seats:''' 4
*'''Production:''' est. 2025<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-23 |script-title=zh:蔚来ET9预售价80万元 2025年一季度交付 |language=zh |trans-title=NIO ET9 is priced at 800,000 yuan and will be delivered in the first quarter of 2025 |work=21st Century Business Herald |url=https://www.21jingji.com/article/20231223/herald/3cde6ed3980b958926088d5ed09ce125.html |url-status=live |access-date=2023-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223140524/https://www.21jingji.com/article/20231223/herald/3cde6ed3980b958926088d5ed09ce125.html |archive-date=2023-12-23}}</ref>
*'''Range:'''}}
|-
![[Nio ET7|ET7]]
|[[File:NIO ET7 1X7A6681.jpg|frameless]]
|{{Plainlist|
*'''Body style:''' [[Sedan (automobile)|Sedan]]
*'''Class:''' [[Full-size car|Full-size]] ([[E-segment|E]])
*'''Doors:''' 4
*'''Seats:''' 5
*'''Production:''' 2022–present<ref>{{cite web|first1=Bridie|last1=Schmidt|access-date=2022-03-29|title=Nio begins deliveries of flagship ET7 electric sedan ahead of Europe expansion|url=https://thedriven.io/2022/03/29/nio-begins-deliveries-of-flagship-et7-electric-sedan-ahead-of-europe-expansion/|date=2022-03-29|website=The Driven}}</ref>
*'''Range:''' {{cvt|500|to|1000|km}} (NEDC)
}}
|-
! [[Nio ET5|ET5]]
|[[File:NIO ET5 002.jpg|frameless]]
|{{Plainlist|
*'''Body style:''' [[Sedan (automobile)|Sedan]], [[Station wagon]]
*'''Class:''' [[Mid-size car|Mid-size]] ([[D-segment|D]])
*'''Doors:''' 4
*'''Seats:''' 5
*'''Production:''' 2022–present<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-04 |title=Nio launches ET5 deliveries in China |url=https://www.electrive.com/2022/10/04/nio-launches-et5-deliveries-in-china/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=electrive.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
*'''Range:''' {{cvt|550|to|1000|km}} (NEDC)
}}
|-
! colspan="3" |SUV
|-
! [[Nio ES8|ES8]]/EL8
| [[File:NIO ES8 II 001.jpg|frameless]]
|{{Plainlist|
*'''Body style:''' [[SUV]]
*'''Class:''' [[Full-size SUV|Full-size]]
*'''Doors:''' 5
*'''Seats:''' 6 or 7
*'''Production:''' 2018–present
*'''Range:''' {{cvt|500|km}} (WLTP) with {{kWh|100}} battery
}}
|-
! [[Nio ES7|ES7]]/EL7
| [[File:NIO ES7 IMG003.jpg|frameless]]
|{{Plainlist|
*'''Body style:''' [[SUV]]
*'''Class:''' [[Mid-size SUV|Mid-size]]
*'''Doors:''' 5
*'''Seats:''' 5
*'''Production:''' 2022–present
*'''Range:''' {{cvt|485|km}} (NEDC) with {{kWh|75}} battery
}}
|-
! [[Nio ES6|ES6]]/EL6
| [[File:Nio ES6 II 001.jpg|frameless]]
|{{Plainlist|
*'''Body style:''' [[SUV]]
*'''Class:''' [[Mid-size SUV|Mid-size]]
*'''Doors:''' 5
*'''Seats:''' 5
*'''Production:''' 2019–present
*'''Range:''' {{cvt|610|km}} (NEDC)
}}
|-
! [[Nio EC7|EC7]]
| [[File:(CHN-Guangdong) Private Nio EC7 粤BBY61xx 2024-05-25.jpg|frameless]]
|{{Plainlist|
*'''Body style:''' [[Coupe SUV]]
*'''Class:''' [[Mid-size SUV|Mid-size]]
*'''Doors:''' 5
*'''Seats:''' 5
*'''Production:''' 2023–present
*'''Range:''' {{cvt|940|km}} (NEDC) with {{kWh|150}} battery
}}
|-
! [[Nio EC6|EC6]]
| [[File:2024 NIO EC6 (front).jpg|frameless]]
|{{Plainlist|
*'''Body style:''' [[Coupe SUV]]
*'''Class:''' [[Mid-size SUV|Mid-size]]
*'''Doors:''' 5
*'''Seats:''' 5
*'''Production:''' 2020–present
*'''Range:''' {{cvt|615|km}} (NEDC)
}}
|}

==== Concept models ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Model name
! Photo
! Specifications
|-
! [[Nio Eve|Eve]]
| [[File:NIO Eve concept 01.jpg|frameless]]
|{{Plainlist|
*'''Body style:''' [[Station wagon]]
*'''Class:''' [[Full-size car|Full-size]] ([[E-segment|E]])
*'''Doors:''' 2
*'''Seats:''' 4
*'''Production:''' 2024 (previewing a possible upcoming model)
}}
|-
! [[Nio ET Preview|ET Preview]]
| [[File:NIO ET Preview Concept 001.jpg|frameless]]
|{{Plainlist|
*'''Body style:''' [[Sedan (automobile)|Sedan]]
*'''Class:''' [[Full-size car|Full-size]] ([[E-segment|E]])
*'''Doors:''' 4
*'''Seats:''' 5
*'''Production:''' 2017 (previewing the upcoming ET7)
}}
|}

=== Onvo brand ===
{{Main|Onvo}}
[[File:Onvo L60 in OneLink Walk, Guangzhou 20240831-A.jpg|thumb|[[Onvo L60]]]]
In May 2024, Nio introduced a new brand, Onvo ({{zh|p=Lèdào|s=乐道}}) that targets the mass-market segment. Onvo was developed under the internal codename "Alps", until the name was officially confirmed in March 2024.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Zhang |first=Phate |date=2024-05-06 |title=Nio sub-brand Onvo's website goes online |url=https://cnevpost.com/2024/05/06/nio-onvo-website-online/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=CnEVPost |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Opletal |first=Jiri |date=2024-05-15 |title=Nio's Onvo L60 SUV-coupe starts pre-sale at 30,500 USD, has lower energy density than Model Y and 1000 km range |url=https://carnewschina.com/2024/05/15/nio-launches-mass-market-brand-onvo-l60-suv-coupe-has-lower-energy-density-than-model-y-and-1000-km-range/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=CarNewsChina.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Onvo stands for "On Voyage", while its Chinese name {{zh|p=Lèdào|s=乐道|labels=no}} is meant to evoke a family having a happy time together.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Cheng |first=Evelyn |date=2024-05-15 |title=Tesla's Chinese rival Nio launches a new brand and car that undercuts the Model Y by $4,000 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/05/15/china-ev-price-wars-nios-onvo-brand-undercuts-tesla-model-y.html |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> The brand is led by Alan Ai (Ai Tiecheng), a senior vice president of Nio.<ref name=":1"/>

Its first product is the [[Onvo L60]], which will be delivered starting September 2024. The L60 directly targets the [[Tesla Model Y]] as its main competitor, with Ai making direct comparison during the L60 launch. Nio CEO William Li expects to sell Onvo cars in export markets.<ref name=":0" />
=== "Firefly" brand ===
Nio is also planning a third brand, internally codenamed "Firefly".<ref name=":1" />{{clear}}

==Battery swapping==
[[File:NIO Power Battery Swap.jpg|thumb|250px|Nio Power Battery Swap station in [[China]]]]
Nio's battery swap stations allow owners to upgrade the capacity of their battery packs, either temporarily or permanently. These battery swapping stations have a reported swapping time of under five minutes.<ref>{{cite web |date=2020-09-17 |title=NIO's 3-Minute Next-Generation Battery Swapping Technology |url=https://greenevmovement.com/nios-3-minute-next-generation-battery-swapping-technology/ |access-date=2020-09-22 |website=Green EV Movement |language=en-US |archive-date=2 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002003728/https://greenevmovement.com/nios-3-minute-next-generation-battery-swapping-technology/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Unlike [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]], which has tried battery swapping but has never deployed it on a large scale and relies instead on its [[Tesla Supercharger|Supercharger]] network, Nio has built a functioning network of 1,305 [[Battery swap station|battery-swap stations]] that covers several thousand kilometres of Chinese expressways.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hanley |first1=Steve |title=NIO Completes More Than 5.3 million Battery Swaps |url=https://www.nio.com/news/nio-achieves-annual-target-700-battery-swap-stations-ahead-schedule?noredirect= |website=Nio |date=10 Dec 2021}}</ref>

The first phase of its battery swap network was installing 18 battery-swap stations in 14 different locations along the [[G4 Beijing–Hong Kong and Macau Expressway|G4 expressway]], a {{convert|2273|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} road connecting [[Beijing]] (the national capital) with the [[Pearl River Delta]] (world's largest urban area<ref>[http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2015/01/26/world-bank-report-provides-new-data-to-help-ensure-urban-growth-benefits-the-poor World Bank Report Provides New Data to Help Ensure Urban Growth Benefits the Poor], The World Bank Group, 26 Jan 2015</ref> where [[Hong Kong]] and [[Shenzhen]] are located). This was completed in November 2018.<ref name="electrekswap">{{cite news |author=Lambert, Fred |title=Nio deploys 18 battery swap stations covering 2,000+ km expressway |publisher=Electrek |url=https://electrek.co/2018/11/15/nio-battery-swap-stations-network/ |access-date=2019-04-24}}</ref> The second phase consisted of installing battery-swap stations in 8 locations along the [[G2 Beijing–Shanghai Expressway|G2 expressway]], a {{convert|1212|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} road connecting Beijing with [[Shanghai]]. This phase was completed in January 2019.<ref>{{cite tweet |author=NIO |user=NIOGlobal |number=1085431718679592960 |date=2019-01-16 |title=Our battery swap network along the G2 Expressway is online! NIO vehicle owners can now travel from Beijing to Shanghai without needing to charge up. #blueskycoming #NIO https://t.co/4Wean2hRHa |language=en |access-date=2021-07-12}}</ref>

On 24 March 2021, Nio completed its 2 millionth battery swap in the city of [[Suzhou]]. It has also deployed 193 battery swapping stations, 134 supercharging stations, and 327 destination stations across [[China]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autonews.gasgoo.com/china_news/70018107.html |title=NIO completes 2 million battery swaps – Gasgoo |publisher=Autonews.gasgoo.com |date=2021-03-24 |access-date=2022-04-11}}</ref> On 10 December 2021, Nio installed its 700th battery swap station in China, hitting its annual target ahead of schedule. Nio's second-generation battery swap station allows the vehicle to automatically park into the station, with which users can experience a three-minute battery swap while staying inside the vehicle. At that point, Nio has provided over 5.3 million swaps to users in China.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nio.com/news/nio-achieves-annual-target-700-battery-swap-stations-ahead-schedule?noredirect= |title=Achieves Annual Target of 700 Battery Swap Stations Ahead of Schedule |publisher=NIO |date= |access-date=2022-04-11}}</ref> As of May 2022, Nio has opened its first swap station in Europe, located in Norway, with plans to expand in other cities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.electrive.com/2022/01/29/nio-marks-800-battery-swapping-stations-in-china/ |title=Nio marks 800+ battery swapping stations in China |publisher=electrive.com |date=2022-01-29 |access-date=2022-04-11}}</ref> As of 31 December 2022, Nio has built 1,305 battery swap stations over all provincial administrative regions in China. They were providing an average of 40,000 daily battery swap services, and have completed a total of 15 million battery swap services.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhang/CnEVPost |first=Phate |date=2022-12-31 |title=NIO reaches goal of over 1,300 swap stations in China by year-end |url=https://cnevpost.com/2022/12/31/nio-reaches-goal-over-1300-swap-stations-china-year-end/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=CnEVPost |language=en-US}}</ref> In August 2023, seven swap stations were operating in Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-10 |title=NIO baut Lade- und Batterietausch-Infrastruktur weiter aus: Eröffnung der siebten Power Swap Station in Deutschland |url=https://www.nio.com/de_DE/news/202308100000 |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=www.nio.com |language=de}}</ref>

In November 2023, Nio and [[Changan Automobile]] signed a strategic agreement on battery swapping.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Changan Auto and NIO Partner on Battery Swapping {{!}} NIO |url=https://www.nio.com/news/Changan-Auto-and-NIO-Partner-on-Battery-Swapping |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=www.nio.com}}</ref> In 29 November 2023, Nio and [[Geely|Geely Holding]] signed similar agreement in the battery swapping sector,<ref>{{Cite web |title=蔚来换电业务迎三项战略合作 {{!}} NIO |url=https://www.nio.cn/news/20240111002 |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=www.nio.cn}}</ref> as well as with [[JAC Group]] and [[Chery|Chery Automobile]] in January 2024. These agreements including carrying out cooperation on battery standards, battery swapping technology, battery swapping network expansion and operation, swappable model development, battery asset management, and develop swappable vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geely Holding and NIO Sign Strategic Partnership Agreement on Battery Swapping Technology {{!}} NIO |url=https://www.nio.com/news/Geely-Holding-and-NIO-Sign-Strategic-Partnership-Agreement-on-Battery-Swapping-Technology |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=www.nio.com}}</ref>

In March 2024, the company opened a new battery swap station, which supports battery swap and energy storage, into operation at the Zhijiang West service area along the [[G50_Shanghai–Chongqing_Expressway|G50 Shanghai-Chongqing highway]]. This is part of an effort to build the same system for motorway service areas to connect battery swap stations to the grid as in urban areas.<ref>{{Cite web|lang=en|url=https://cnevpost.com/2024/03/19/nio-explores-interaction-highway-stations-grid/|title=Nio starts exploring interaction of highway swap stations with grid|website=Cnevpost|date=19 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-31|archive-date=2024-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240320061031/https://cnevpost.com/2024/03/19/nio-explores-interaction-highway-stations-grid/}}</ref> Also in March, Nio Power signed an agreement with Zhongan Energy of [[Anhui Province]] on battery standards, charging and battery replacement technology, and the construction and operation of battery charging and replacement networks.<ref>{{Cite web|lang=en|url=https://cnevpost.com/2024/03/22/nio-signs-deal-with-zhongan-swap-station-buildout/|title=Nio's power unit signs deal with Anhui's Zhongan to advance swap station buildout|website=Cniopost|date=22 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-31|archive-date=2024-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322091125/https://cnevpost.com/2024/03/22/nio-signs-deal-with-zhongan-swap-station-buildout/}}</ref>

==Technologies==
===Nomi AI===
[[File:NIO ET7 1X7A6677.jpg|thumb|Interior of an ET7 with Nomi]]
Nomi<ref>{{Cite web |title=The History Behind NOMI |url=https://www.nio.com/blog/history-behind-nomi |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=www.nio.com |language=en}}</ref> is Nio's digital assistant for the car dashboard to provide a closer engagement with its drivers and passengers and Nio claims is the world's first in-car AI system for production vehicles.

The Nomi Mate 2.0 features a circular [[AMOLED]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-31 |title=NIO reveals its all new flagship, the ES8 |url=https://www.automotiveev.com/nio-reveals-its-all-new-flagship-the-es8/ |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=automotiveEV.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> display and incorporates artificial intelligence with a human face-like interface that swivels and blinks its oval ‘eyes’ to address each vehicle occupant directly, depending on their location.

Nomi learns user preferences over time to understand the specific context of the car in relation to its owner. For example, Nomi can set the personal seating and steering wheel positions whenever it senses a driver approaching the vehicle. Users can also give Nomi verbal commands to adjust the cabin temperature, open or close windows, or snap an in-car selfie and have it displayed on the radio screen.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-07 |title=Co-designing the world's first in-car companion |url=https://star.global/cases/nio-nomi/ |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=Star |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Nio Pilot===
Nio Pilot is the company's SAE level 2 semi-autonomous system that offers [[Advanced driver-assistance system|ADAS]] features. It launched with the introduction of Nio's [[Nio ES8|ES8]] model. Several over the air updates throughout 2018 and 2019 has enhanced Nio Pilot with features such as [[Lane centering|lane keeping]], [[adaptive cruise control]], [[Lane departure warning system|lane departure warning]], [[Automatic Emergency Braking|automatic emergency braking]], highway pilot (Nio Navigate on Pilot, NNOP), traffic Jam assistance, auto lane change and more.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIO updates Level 2 advanced driving assistant system NIO Pilot |url=https://www.greencarcongress.com/2019/06/20190617-nio.html |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=Green Car Congress}}</ref>

Nio Pilot sensor suite consists of 23 sensors, including a trifocal forward camera, 5 radars, 12 ultrasonic sensors and a driver monitor camera.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIO Upgrades Autopilot System and Smart Operating System |url=https://equalocean.com/news/2019061111190 |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=EqualOcean |language=en}}</ref> Nio was the first automaker to launch a car model utilizing [[Mobileye|Mobileye's EyeQ4]] vision chip.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-18 |title=NIO Launches ES8 SUV with New User Experience |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20171218005356/en/NIO-Launches-ES8-SUV-with-New-User-Experience |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=www.businesswire.com |language=en}}</ref>

In August 2021, Lin Wenqin, a 31-year-old Chinese man, was killed after his Nio ES8 collided with a construction vehicle.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}} Nio's self-driving feature was still in [[Beta test|beta]], and could not deal with static obstacles.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rearick |first=Brenden |date=2021-08-16 |title=NIO Stock: 10 Things to Know About the Fatal Crash Dragging Down Nio Today |url=https://investorplace.com/2021/08/nio-stock-10-things-to-know-about-the-fatal-crash-dragging-down-nio-today/ |access-date=2022-02-17 |website=InvestorPlace |language=en-US}}</ref> Though the vehicle's manual at the time clearly stated that the driver must take over when nearing construction sites, there was an issue regarding whether the feature was improperly marketed and unsafe. Lawyers of the family of the person killed called into question Nio's private access to the vehicle, which they argue could lead to the data being falsified.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ruffo |first=Gustavo Henrique |date=2021-08-17 |title=Nio's Autopilot, NOP, Faces Intense Scrutiny With First Fatal Crash in China |url=https://www.autoevolution.com/news/nio-s-autopilot-nop-faces-intense-scrutiny-with-first-fatal-crash-in-china-167486.html |access-date=2022-02-17 |website=autoevolution |language=en}}</ref>

===Aquila (Nio Autonomous Driving)===
In November 2019, Nio announced a partnership with Mobileye to develop a consumer car equipped with Mobileye's complete Level 4 self-driving system called Aquila that could be sold to consumers by 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-11-05 |title=Nio, Mobileye partner on self-driving consumer passenger cars in China |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nio-autonomous-intel-idUSKBN1XF1YD |access-date=2022-05-27}}</ref> Aquila features 33 sensors, including 11 high-resolution cameras, [[Lidar|LiDAR]], 5 radars, 12 ultrasonic sensors, and two high-precision positioning units: V2X and ADMS.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIO Moves Closer To Fully Autonomous Driving Capability With New ET7 Sedan |url=https://insideevs.com/news/465197/nio-et7-autonomous-driving-technology/ |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=InsideEVs |language=en}}</ref>

The system was first on board of the Nio ET7.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ellectric — NIO unveils its first sedan – the ET7 |url=https://www.weareellectric.com/mobility/nio-unveils-its-first-sedan-the-et7 |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=ellectric |date=18 January 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> The company begun deliveries of the model in Q1 of 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosevear |first=John |date=2022-03-28 |title=Chinese EV maker Nio delivers its first ET7 electric sedans |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/28/nio-et7-deliveries-begin.html |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>

The new Nio Adam supercomputer is one of the most powerful platforms to run in a vehicle. With four Nvidia Drive Orin processors, Adam achieves more than 1,000 TOPS of performance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shapiro |first=Danny |date=2021-01-09 |title=Chinese Automaker NIO Selects NVIDIA for Electric Vehicles |url=https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2021/01/09/nio-selects-nvidia-intelligent-electric-vehicles/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=NVIDIA Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> All of Nio's NT 2.0 platform vehicles — such as the [[Nio ET7|ET7]], [[Nio ET5|ET5]], [[Nio ES7|ES7]], [[Nio EC7|EC7]], 2nd Gen [[Nio ES8|ES8]] — are built on the Nio Adam supercomputer, with four Nvidia Drive Orinsystems-on-a-chip (SoC) at its core.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burke |first=Katie |date=2021-12-20 |title=NIO ET5 Designed for Autonomous Era With DRIVE Orin |url=https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2021/12/20/nio-et5-designed-autonomous-era-drive-orin/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=NVIDIA Blog |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Production==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Year
! rowspan="2" |Total
! colspan="6" |Model
|-
!ES6
!ES8
!EC6
!ET7
!ES7
!ET5
|-
!2018
|11,348
| -
|11,348
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!2019
|20,565
|11,433
|9,132
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
!2020
|43,728
|27,945
|10,861
|4,922
| -
| -
| -
|-
!2021
|91,429
|41,474
|20,050
|29,905
| -
| -
| -
|-
!2022
|122,486
|73,440
| -
| -
|23,075
|14,158
|11,813
|-
!2023
|160,038
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|}

=== Milestones ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Milestone
!Date
|-
|100,000th production
|7 April 2021<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-04-09 |title=NIO Has Now Produced 100,000+ Electric Vehicles |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2021/04/09/nio-has-now-produced-100000-electric-vehicles/ |access-date=2022-04-11 |publisher=CleanTechnica}}</ref>
|-
|200,000th production
|26 April 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIO Celebrates Production Of 200,000th Electric Car |url=https://insideevs.com/news/582200/nio-production-200000-electric-car/ |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=InsideEVs |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|300,000th production
|12 December 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIO Celebrates Production Of 300,000th Electric Car |url=https://www.nio.com/news/nio-rolls-300000th-car-production-line/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=InsideEVs |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|500,000th production
|9 May 2024<ref>{{Cite web |last=World |first=Automotive |date=2024-05-09 |title=Nio achieves a new milestone with production of 500,000th high-end EV in China |url=https://www.automotiveworld.com/news-releases/nio-achieves-a-new-milestone-with-production-of-500000th-high-end-ev-in-china/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Automotive World |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|}

==Divisions==

=== Nio Phone ===
[[File:NIO Phone at Auto Guangzhou 2023 20231126.jpg|thumb|Nio Phone]]
On 22 February 2022, it was announced that Nio is planning to venture into China's smartphone market and preparing to make its own handsets. The company has formed a smartphone division in Shenzhen, and is hiring staff to expand the team. The move is preceded by similar plans to manufacture smartphones by automakers [[Geely]] and [[Volvo]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-02-23 |title=EV maker Nio is entering the smartphone business |url=https://kr-asia.com/ev-maker-nio-is-entering-the-smartphone-business |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=KrASIA |language=en}}</ref>

The first Nio Phone was launched in September 2023. It is powered by a [[Qualcomm Snapdragon#2016–present: Custom 64-bit ARM|Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Gen 2]] [[system-on-chip]] and has a 6.81-inch curved screen with 2K resolution from [[Samsung Display]]. The phone is equipped with a 5200 mAh battery that supports 66-watt wired charging, 50-watt [[wireless charging]], and 10-watt reverse charging. It is equipped with an action button that allows drivers to launch over 30 functions related to their EV controls. CEO William Li believes that many competitors will learn from the smartphone innovations, however the primary interest of the automaker is likely to collect user data rather than making the phone a key contributor to revenue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nio Phone is official with unrivaled car integration, three 50 MP cameras |url=https://www.arenaev.com/nio_phone_is_official_with_unrivaled_car_features_three_50_mp_cameras-news-2452.php |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=ArenaEV.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-21 |title=China's Nio launches smartphone developed to use with its electric cars |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/chinese-ev-maker-nio-launches-first-mobile-phone-2023-09-21/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=Reuters}}</ref>

===Nio Life===
Nio Life is the company's design lifestyle brand. The brand launched in 2018 with a capsule collection made in collaboration with [[Hussein Chalayan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-16 |title=Nio and Hussein Chalayan launch clothing collection inspired by world's fastest electric car |url=https://www.dezeen.com/2018/11/16/nio-clothing-hussein-chalayan-fashion-extreme-speed/ |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=Dezeen |language=en}}</ref> In 2021 Nio Life launched its sustainable fashion label "Blue Sky Lab".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-24 |title=BLUE SKY LAB Debuts Sustainable Collection at Shanghai Fashion Week |url=https://hypebeast.com/2021/10/blue-sky-lab-sustainable-collection-shanghai-fashion-week-release-info |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=HYPEBEAST}}</ref> The label collaborated with the [[Parsons School of Design]] challenging students to create new products made of leftover car manufacturer materials and, thereby, providing opportunities for young designers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-20 |title=Parsons School of Design and NIO Life Collaborate to Create Sustainable Design Collection |url=https://blogs.newschool.edu/news/2022/05/parsons-school-of-design-and-nio-life-collaborate-to-create-sustainable-design-collection/ |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=New School News |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Nio Service ===
Nio Service is the company's network of service centers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lambert |first=Fred |date=2018-04-03 |title=NIO opens its first electric car service center right next to Tesla's |url=https://electrek.co/2018/04/03/nio-electric-car-service-center-tesla/ |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=Electrek |language=en-US}}</ref> Nio Users can request a "pick-up-and-delivery" service for their car to the service center. Additionally, mobile service vehicles can carry out simple maintenance work on demand.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-09 |title=NIO move into Europe to sell premium electric cars in Norway and launch a new chapter in progressive electric mobility |url=https://electricdrives.tv/ev-life/nio-move-into-europe-to-sell-premium-electric-cars-in-norway-and-launch-a-new-chapter-in-progressive-electric-mobility/ |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=ElectricDrives |language=en-GB}}</ref>

=== Nio Power ===
Nio Power is the company's network of battery swap stations, power mobile, power home and super chargers. Nio has 1,305 swap stations around China as of 31 December 2022, including 346 battery swap stations along highways.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhang/CnEVPost |first=Phate |date=2022-12-31 |title=NIO reaches goal of over 1,300 swap stations in China by year-end |url=https://cnevpost.com/2022/12/31/nio-reaches-goal-over-1300-swap-stations-china-year-end/ |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=CnEVPost |language=en-US}}</ref> In addition to the battery swap stations, Nio has 1,223 supercharging stations in China and 1,058 destination charging stations.

=== Performance and Engineering ===
Nio's performance and engineering division has international offices including in the UK, Germany, and the USA.

=== XPT ===
XPT is a subsidiary of Nio, with locations in Nanjing, Hefei, and Shanghai. Nio bought out its minority partners in the company in November 2020, taking full ownership.<ref>{{cite news |title=In China, an Electric Car Maker Loses Money but Thinks Big |work=The New York Times |date=25 February 2021 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/25/business/china-nio-electric-cars.html |access-date=31 December 2023 |last1=Bradsher |first1=Keith }}</ref>

XPT designs and manufactures key components for Nio's supply chain, including the EV car motors,<ref>{{cite web |title=Nio's motor making arm establishes new firm in Anhui with $100 million in registered capital |url=https://cnevpost.com/2021/04/27/nios-motor-making-arm-establishes-new-firm-in-anhui-with-100-million-in-registered-capital/ |website=cnevpost.com |date=27 April 2021 |publisher=CN EV Post |access-date=31 December 2023}}</ref> powertrains,<ref>{{cite web |title=Punch Powertrain and XPT sign joint venture agreement for production of electric powertrains |url=https://www.automotiveworld.com/news-releases/punch-powertrain-xpt-sign-joint-venture-agreement-production-electric-powertrains/ |website=automotiveworld.com |date=18 May 2018 |access-date=31 December 2023}}</ref> and gearboxes,<ref>{{cite web |title=XPT Website |url=https://www.xptglobal.com/ |website=xptglobal.com |access-date=31 December 2023}}</ref> which are later assembled elsewhere by Nio and its assembly partners. Nio runs its XPT company as a separate business, as it intends for XPT to become a supplier for other companies in the future.<ref>{{cite web |title=NIO president says its motor business XPT will grow independently, first external order may come from West |url=https://cntechpost.com/2020/09/24/nio-president-says-its-motor-business-xpt-will-grow-independently/ |website=cntechpost.com |date=24 September 2020 |access-date=31 December 2023}}</ref>

==Management==
===William Li===
{{main|William Li}}

William Li is a Chinese business executive and entrepreneur who is the founder and [[CEO]] of Nio. In June 2021, ''[[Bloomberg Billionaires Index]]'' estimated Li's [[net worth]] to be US$7.11 billion. Li co-founded and invested in over 40 companies in the internet and automotive industries.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-08 |title=The Story of William Li, The Founder of Nio and Prophet of Chinese Electric Car Industry |url=https://thetradable.com/business/the-story-of-william-li-the-prophet-of-chinese-electric-car-industry |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=TheTradable.com |language=en}}</ref>

====Awards and honours====
* [[GQ|GQ China]] Entrepreneur of the Year – 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |title=William Li (李斌) |url=https://globalshakers.com/world-shakers/william-li/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Global Shakers |language=en-US}}</ref>
* China Automobile Dealers Association Person of the Year – 2017
* 2017 Top 10 Economic Personages of China
* [[Forbes]] Most Intriguing Newcomer in the Transportation Awards – 2020<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ohnsman |first=Alan |title=Forbes Transportation Awards 2020: The Lucid Air Promises To Outperform Tesla's Best |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2021/01/03/forbes-transportation-awards-2020-the-lucid-air-promises-to-outperform-telsas-best/ |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>
* TopGear.com Electric Awards 2024: EV person of the year <ref>{{Cite web |title=TopGear.com Electric Awards 2024: the best EVs in the world right now |url=https://www.topgear.com/car-news/electric/topgearcom-electric-awards-2024-best-evs-world-right-now |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=TopGear |language=en}}</ref>

===Lihong Qin===
{{main|Lihong Qin}}

Lihong Qin is a Chinese business executive. He is a co-founder and CEO of the electric car manufacturer Nio.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Qin Lihong, Nio Inc: Profile and Biography |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/16554696 |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref>

===Kris Tomasson===
Kris Tomasson is an American industrial designer and vice president of Design at Nio.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walford |first=Lynn |date=2021-08-03 |title=How NIO Design, Branding And Tech Are Leading to Success – NIO Insiders Kris Tomasson & Ganesh Iyer |url=https://www.autofutures.tv/2021/08/03/nio-insiders-reveal-how-nio-design-branding-and-tech-are-leading-to-success-kris-tomasson-ganesh-iyer/ |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=Auto Futures |language=en-GB}}</ref> He was born in [[New York City|New York]] to Marlene and Helgi Tómasson. He studied transportation design at the [[:de:Art Center College of Design|Art Center College of Design in Pasadena]], California, and graduated with honours as a [[Bachelor of Science]] (BS). After graduation, he worked as a designer in various companies, from 1992 to 1998 for the first time for BMW, then as design director, Innovation of the Arnell Group, for [[The Coca-Cola Company]] (as Global Design Director), [[Gulfstream Aerospace]], [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] and from April 2014 to May 2015 again for [[BMW]], where he worked for the body design of the i-models was responsible. In June 2015, he moved from BMW to Next EV, which became Nio. The design studio where Tomasson is based is located in Munich/Bogenhausen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kris Tomasson Inventions, Patents and Patent Applications – Justia Patents Search |url=https://patents.justia.com/inventor/kris-tomasson |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=patents.justia.com}}</ref>

===Hui Zhang===
Hui Zhang is vice president Nio Europe. He manages both the German and UK locations of the electric car manufacturer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Virtual Expert Talk: NIO – The User Enterprise with Hui Zhang, Vice President NIO Europe |url=https://brutkasten.com/events/virtual-expert-talk-nio-the-user-enterprise-with-hui-zhang-vice-president-nio-europe/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=brutkasten |language=de}}</ref> After studying in Beijing and Utah, Hui Zhang completed his MBA in International Management at [[Pforzheim University of Applied Sciences]] in 2002. Initially, he worked in purchasing and supply chain management at [[Voith AG|VOITH AG]] in China and Germany. After positions at Kiekert AG as Vice general manager and at [[Lotus Cars|Lotus]] as general manager from 2011,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview: Nios Europachef Hui Zhang ist selbstbewusst |url=https://www.automotiveit.eu/exklusiv/nio-ist-ein-kind-des-digitalen-zeitalters-334.html |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=www.automotiveit.eu |language=de}}</ref> he was responsible for the Business Group Industry and Healthcare China at Leoni AG as a China Board Member from 2014. Hui Zhang is Deputy Chairman of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce in Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hui Zhang |url=https://smart-mobility-management.com/team/hui-zhang/ |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Smart Mobility Management |language=de-DE}}</ref>

==Motorsport==
===Formula E===
{{main|Nio 333 FE Team}}[[File:Nio Formula E car.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Nio have been participating in the [[Formula E|ABB FIA Formula E]] since 2014, the inaugural season.]]

The Nio team is one of the original [[Formula E]] teams, originally competing under the name Team China Racing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIO 333 Formula E Team |url=http://www.fiaformulae.com/en/championship/teams-and-drivers/nio-333-formula-e-team?app=true |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=FIA Formula E |language=en}}</ref> Before the first season was completed, they rebranded as NEXTEV TCR. In this inaugural season, their main driver [[Nelson Piquet Jr.]] became the FIA Formula E Driver's Champion, after winning two races in [[2015 Long Beach ePrix|Long Beach]] and [[2015 Moscow ePrix|Moscow]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Piquet Jr emulates his father with dominant Long Beach victory |url=https://www.motorsport.com/formula-e/news/piquet-jr-emulates-his-father-with-dominant-long-beach-victory/550839/?filters%5Bteam%5D%5B0%5D%5Btitle%5D=NIO+Formula+E+Team&filters%5Bteam%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D=150 |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.motorsport.com | date=4 April 2015 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Moscow ePrix: Piquet extends points lead with win |url=https://www.motorsport.com/formula-e/news/moscow-eprix-piquet-extends-points-lead-with-win/609639/?filters%5Bteam%5D%5B0%5D%5Btitle%5D=NIO+Formula+E+Team&filters%5Bteam%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D=150 |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.motorsport.com | date=6 June 2015 |language=en}}</ref> The team was only able to achieve fourth in the constructor's championship though, in part due to a rotating line-up of second drivers that didn't achieve as consistent level of success as Piquet.

From season 2 onwards, Formula E opened up car development, with teams creating their own powertrains.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NEXTEV set to acquire whole Formula E team |url=https://www.motorsport.com/formula-e/news/nextev-set-to-acquire-whole-formula-e-team-670930/670930/?filters%5Bteam%5D%5B0%5D%5Btitle%5D=NIO+Formula+E+Team&filters%5Bteam%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D=150 |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.motorsport.com | date=February 2016 |language=en}}</ref> Nio used their own design NEXTEV powertrain, but it saw a downturn in the team's performance for the constructor's championship, as they finished only 9th in season 2, 6th in season 3 and 8th in season 4. By this point, the team had morphed through NEXTEV, NEXTEV Nio until renamed simply Nio. Season 5 would see the team's meagre successes diminish further, as they languished 11th and last in the championship.

For season 6 (2019–20) the team was sold on to Lisheng Racing and renamed Nio 333 Racing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rebranded NIO team signs Ma, Turvey for 2019/20 season |url=https://www.motorsport.com/formula-e/news/nio-ma-olivier-new-backing/4558230/?filters%5Bteam%5D%5B0%5D%5Btitle%5D=NIO+Formula+E+Team&filters%5Bteam%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D=150 |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.motorsport.com | date=15 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref> For the first time since season 1, Nio did not provide their own powertrain for the car, instead using the previous year's Dragon powertrain. It was rebranded under Nio's name and they remained classified as a manufacturer. This didn't change the team's fortunes, as they would go on to have their worst ever season, with neither [[Oliver Turvey]] nor [[Ma Qinghua]] being able to score any points in 2020. In [[2020–21 Formula E World Championship|season seven]] Nio improved marginally, as whilst Turvey and new arrival [[Tom Blomqvist]] amassed a total of 19 points throughout the campaign, the squad still remained in last place.

Nio once again changed their driver line-up for the [[2021–22 Formula E season]], as Blomqvist made way for former [[Red Bull Junior Team|Red Bull]] and [[Williams Driver Academy|Williams junior]] [[Dan Ticktum]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dan Ticktum joins Oliver Turvey at NIO 333 for Season 8 |url=http://www.fiaformulae.com/en/news/2021/november/nio-ticktum-joins-turvey-season-8 |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=FIA Formula E |language=en}}</ref>

The team ended its Formula E involvement after the [[2022–23 Formula E World Championship|2022–23 season]], with the team being rebranded as ERT Formula E Team for the [[2023–24 Formula E World Championship|2023–24 season]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newbold |first=James |date=2023-10-20 |title=NIO 333 rebrands as ERT for 2024 Formula E season |url=https://www.motorsport.com/formula-e/news/nio-333-rebrands-as-ert-for-2024-formula-e-season/10534897/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.motorsport.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== World records ===
Nio set five records in their track-only EP9 for the fastest lap for an electric-powered car in the [[Nürburgring Nordschleife]], [[Circuit Paul Ricard]], [[Circuit of the Americas]], and [[Shanghai International Circuit]] tracks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.topgear.com/car-news/electric/video-watch-nio-ep9s-645-ring-record|title=Video: watch the Nio EP9's 6:45 'Ring record|website=www.topgear.com|date=15 May 2017 |language=en|access-date=2018-03-24}}</ref>

== Public listing ==
In Sep 2018, Nio listed on NYSE after raising about $1 billion selling American depositary shares at $6.26 apiece. The shares started trading under the symbol NIO.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bloomberg |date=2018-09-12 |title=China's Tesla rival NIO Inc. debuts on NYSE, prices $1 bn IPO near bottom |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/china-s-tesla-rival-nio-inc-debuts-on-nyse-prices-1-bn-ipo-near-bottom-118091201448_1.html |access-date=2022-08-15 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en}}</ref>

In 2018, while Nio was preparing for an IPO, the company told investors that they were building a new factory in Shanghai.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Godoy |first=Jody |date=2021-08-13 |title=China's Nio, underwriters, must face U.S. shareholder lawsuit |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/transactional/chinas-nio-underwriters-must-face-us-shareholder-lawsuit-2021-08-13/ |access-date=2022-02-17}}</ref> Then in March 2019, Nio disclosed that the factory would never be built. According to former employees, construction had never started. Investors sued and accused Nio's promoters, which included Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs, of negligence in examining Nio's financial statements.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}
==See also==

* [[Automobile manufacturers and brands of China]]
* [[List of automobile manufacturers of China]]
* [[Automotive industry in China]]
* [[New energy vehicles in China]]
* [[XPeng]]
* [[Li Auto]]
* [[Leapmotor]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://www.nio.io}}
{{Finance links
| name = NIO Inc.
| symbol = NIO
| reuters = NIO.N
| bloomberg = NIO:US
| sec_cik = NIO
| yahoo = NIO
| google = NIO
}}

{{Nio (car company)}}
{{NIO automobile timeline}}
{{Automotive industry in China}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:NIO (car company)| ]]
[[Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Battery electric vehicle manufacturers]]
[[Category:Car brands]]
[[Category:Car manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in China]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2014]]
[[Category:Chinese companies established in 2014]]
[[Category:2018 initial public offerings]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Chinese brands]]
[[Category:Luxury motor vehicle manufacturers]]
[[Category:Sports car manufacturers]]

Li Mega

2024-10-09T03:41:23Z

TimWu007: /* References */

{{Short description|Chinese electric car}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Li Mega
| image = (CHN-Guangdong) Private Li Mega 粤BD988xx 2024-05-27.jpg
| caption =
| manufacturer = [[Li Auto]]
| aka = Lixiang Mega
| production = 2024–present
| assembly = China: [[Beijing]]
| designer =
| class = [[Minivan]]
| body_style = 5-door [[minivan]]
| platform =
| related =
| layout = [[Dual-motor, all-wheel-drive]]
| motor = [[Permanent magnet synchronous]]
| powerout = {{convert|400|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}}
| battery = {{ubl
| 102.7 kWh [[CATL]] [[Qilin battery|Qilin]] [[Lithium-ion battery|ternary lithium battery]]
}}
| range = {{ubl
| {{convert|710|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} (CLTC)
}}
| charging = {{unbulleted list

| '''[[Direct current|DC]]:'''
| 520 kW (official), 552 kW (actual)
| '''[[V2L]]:'''
| 3.5 kW
}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|3300|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|5350|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1965|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1850|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|2785|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
| sp = uk
| predecessor =
| successor =
}}
The '''Li Mega''' ({{zh|s=理想MEGA|p=Lǐxiǎng MEGA|l=ideal MEGA}}, stylized in [[all caps]]) is a [[Battery electric vehicle|battery electric]] [[minivan]] produced by [[Li Auto]] since 2024. It is the first battery electric vehicle from Li Auto, as the previous models are [[Extended range electric vehicle|extended range electric vehicles]] (EREV).

== Overview ==
The Mega was introduced in November 2023 at the [[Auto Guangzhou]], where pre-orders were accepted. The minivan is notable for its distinctive design, which contributes in [[aerodynamics]] with a [[wind resistance]] of just 0.215 [[Drag coefficient|Cd]], the lowest among [[multi-purpose vehicle]]s (MPVs) globally currently in production.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhang/CnEVPost |first=Phate |date=2023-11-17 |title=Li Auto officially unveils its 1st BEV Li Mega and starts pre-sales |url=https://cnevpost.com/2023/11/17/li-auto-unveils-mega-starts-pre-sales/ |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=CnEVPost |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lixiang.com/mega#MEGA|date=2023-12-13 |title=理想MEGA|quote=Cd0.215来源于中国汽研空气动力学风洞测试；基于2023年11月7日前量产车公开公示信息，Cd0.215打破了量产MPV风阻系数纪录 |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Li Auto |language=zh-CN}}</ref>

The minivan is powered by a 102.7 kWh [[Qilin battery]] produced by a CATL that supports 5C ultra-fast charging. The Mega has a [[double-wishbone]] front suspension and a [[Multi-link suspension|multi-link]] setup in the rear, with [[air suspension]] with continuous damper control.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-20 |title=The Wacky Li Mega Is One Of The Most Aerodynamic Cars Of All Time |url=https://jalopnik.com/the-wacky-li-mega-is-one-of-the-most-aerodynamic-cars-o-1851032672 |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=Jalopnik |language=en}}</ref> According to Li Auto, the minivan is able to reach {{convert|100|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} in 5.5 seconds.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-17 |title=China's Li Auto launches multipurpose vehicle model targeting the family segment |url=https://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/3241902/chinese-ev-maker-li-auto-launches-multipurpose-vehicle-targets-wealthy-consumers-seeking-bigger |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bobylev |first=Denis |date=2023-11-07 |title=Li Auto Mega specs exposed with 102.7-kWh pack and 544 hp |url=https://carnewschina.com/2023/11/07/li-auto-mega-specs-exposed-with-102-7-kwh-pack-and-544-hp/ |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=CarNewsChina.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="135">
File:(CHN-Guangdong) Private Li Mega 粤BD988xx rear 2024-05-27.jpg|Rear view
File:Li Auto Mega IMG003.jpg|Interior
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}

[[Category:Li Auto vehicles|Mega]]
[[Category:Minivans]]
[[Category:Production electric cars]]
[[Category:All-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Flagship vehicles]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 2023]]
[[Category:Cars of China]]

{{modern-auto-stub}}

Li L9

2024-10-09T03:40:28Z

TimWu007: /* References */

{{Short description|Chinese hybrid electric car}}
{{Infobox automobile
| image = Lixiang L9 Sanming 01 2023-02-07.jpg
| name = Li L9
| aka = {{unbulleted list
|Lixiang L9
}}
| manufacturer = [[Li Auto]]
| production = 2022–present
| assembly = China: [[Changzhou]], [[Jiangsu]]
| class = [[Full-size]] [[Luxury vehicle|luxury]] [[crossover SUV]]
| body_style = 5-door [[SUV]]
| layout = [[Front-engine]], [[Four-wheel drive]]
| related = {{ubl
| [[Li L6]]
| [[Li L7]]
| [[Li L8]]
}}
| engine = 1.5 L ''L2E15M'' ([[turbo]] [[Petrol engine|petrol]]) [[Straight-four engine|inline-four]] {{convert|113|kW|abbr=on}}
| motor = Two [[Synchronous motor#Permanent-magnet|Permanent magnet synchronous motors]], {{convert|330|kW|abbr=on}} combined
| battery = 44.5 kWh
| powerout = {{convert|330|kW|hp|abbr=on}} combined
| transmission = Single-speed automatic
| wheelbase = {{Convert|3105|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{Convert|5218|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{Convert|1998|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{Convert|1800|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|2520|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
| predecessor =
| successor =
| designer = Ben Baum, Gloria Ge
}}

The '''Li L9''' ({{zh|s=理想L9|p=Lǐxiǎng L9|l=ideal L9}}) is a [[Luxury vehicle|luxury]] [[full-size]] [[crossover SUV]] by Chinese manufacturer [[Li Auto]]. It is the second vehicle from the manufacturer after the [[Li One]], and also the first L-series model, which also includes the similar [[Li L8|L8]], [[Li L7|L7]] and [[Li L6|L6]].

== History ==

The L9 was unveiled online in March 2022 and officially launched in June 2022 with the first vehicles to be delivered in China from August 2022.<ref name=china-au>{{cite web|title=同比增长68.9% 理想汽车6月交付13024辆|periodical=Autohome.com.cn|publisher=|url=https://www.autohome.com.cn/news/202207/1253167.html|url-status=|format=|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=|last=|date=2022-07-01|language=|pages=|quote=}}</ref>

== Specifications ==
[[File:Lixiang L9 Sanming 02 2023-02-07.jpg|thumb|left|Li Auto L9 rear quarter]]
The vehicle can be described as a [[range extender|range extended vehicle]] or as a [[plug-in hybrid|PHEV]]. It has two electric motors: a {{convert|130|kW|hp PS|0|adj=on}} motor in the front and a {{convert|200|kW|hp PS|0|adj=on}} motor in the rear. It is also equipped with a front-mounted 1.5-litre turbocharged 4-cylinder petrol engine with a {{convert|65|L|usgal impgal|1|adj=on}} petrol tank capacity. The newer facelifted model has a gas tank of {{convert|55|L|usgal impgal|1}}. The petrol engine is a [[range extender]] for the electric motors; it does not directly power the wheels.

Total power output is {{convert|240|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|530|Nm|kgm lbft|abbr=on|0}}. The company claims a NEDC range of {{convert|1315|km|mi|abbr=out}}, and an electric-only NEDC range of {{convert|215|km|mi|abbr=out}}. The L9 accelerates {{convert|0-100|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} in 5.3 seconds.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://technode.com/2022/06/22/li-auto-announces-new-suv-l9-with-competitive-pricing/|title = Li Auto announces new SUV L9 with competitive pricing|website=technode.com| date=22 June 2022 }}</ref>

Charging to 80% takes 40 minutes with a fast charger. A full charge at 200V takes 6 hours. Battery capacity is {{cvt|40.6|kWh|MJ}}, out of which {{cvt|37.2|kWh|MJ}} is usable.

The L9 is available with six or seven seats in three rows.<ref name=china-au/> The interior has a pair of two {{convert|4|mm|in|adj=on}} thick 15.7-inch wide screens, and the infotainment system runs on [[Android Auto]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/3182553/chinese-ev-start-li-auto-launches-l9-full-size-suv-no-match|title = Chinese EV start-up Li Auto launches L9, the 'full-size SUV with no match on the market'|website=scmp.com| date=21 June 2022 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}

[[Category:Li Auto vehicles|L9]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 2022]]
[[Category:Full-size sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Luxury crossover sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Flagship vehicles]]
[[Category:Hybrid sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Plug-in hybrid vehicles]]
[[Category:All-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Cars of China]]

Li L8

2024-10-09T03:37:52Z

TimWu007: /* References */

{{Short description|Chinese hybrid electric car}}
{{Infobox automobile
| image = 2023 Lixiang L8 (front).jpg
| name = Li Auto L8
| aka = Lixiang L8
| manufacturer = [[Li Auto]]
| production = 2022–present
| assembly = China: [[Changzhou]], [[Jiangsu]]
| class = [[Mid-size]] [[Luxury vehicle|luxury]] [[crossover SUV]]
| body_style = 5-door [[SUV]]
| layout = [[Front-engine]], [[Four-wheel drive]]
| related = {{ubl
| [[Li L6]]
| [[Li L7]]
| [[Li L9]]
}}
| engine = 1.5 L ''L2E15M'' ([[turbo]] [[Petrol engine|petrol]]) [[Straight-four engine|inline-four]] {{convert|113|kW|abbr=on}}
| motor = Two [[Synchronous motor#Permanent-magnet|Permanent magnet synchronous motors]], {{convert|330|kW|abbr=on}} combined
| battery = 40.9 kWh CATL
| drivetrain = [[PHEV]]
| powerout = {{convert|330|kW|hp|abbr=on}} combined
| transmission = Single-speed automatic
| wheelbase = {{Convert|3005|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{Convert|5080|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{Convert|1995|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{Convert|1800|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|3080|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
| predecessor = [[Li Auto One]]
| successor =
}}

The '''Li L8''' ({{zh|s=理想L8|p=Lǐxiǎng L8|l=ideal L8}}) is a [[Luxury vehicle|luxury]] [[mid-size]] [[crossover SUV]] produced by Chinese manufacturer [[Li Auto]]. It is the third vehicle from the manufacturer, and also the second L-series model, which also includes the similar [[Li L9|L9]], [[L7 (band)|L7]] and [[Li L6|L6]].

== History ==
After three years of presence on the Chinese market, the Li One has been discontinued in October 2022 to make way for its replacement, the Li L8.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cnevpost.com/2022/09/05/li-auto-owner-outcry-discontinues-li-one-for-li-l8/ | title=Li Auto faces owner outcry as it discontinues Li ONE in Oct to make way for Li L8 | date=5 September 2022 }}</ref> The Li L8 was presented in September 2022 during the Li Auto online product launch event. The first vehicles were delivered in China from late 2022.<ref>{{cite web|title=Li Auto Inc. Unveils Li L8, Its Six-Seat, Large Premium Smart SUV for Families, and Li L7, Its Five-Seat, Large Flagship Smart SUV for Families|publisher=globenewswire|url=https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2022/09/30/2525797/0/en/Li-Auto-Inc-Unveils-Li-L8-Its-Six-Seat-Large-Premium-Smart-SUV-for-Families-and-Li-L7-Its-Five-Seat-Large-Flagship-Smart-SUV-for-Families.html|date=2022-09-30|language=|pages=|quote=}}</ref> It shares most of the specs with the next model of the Li Auto lineup, the slightly smaller midsize 5-seater L7. Specs of the Li Auto L7 are exactly the same, except for dimensions. The smaller L7 crossover SUV will also be coming in two versions called Pro and Max.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.arenaev.com/li_auto_announces_the_li_l8_and_li_l7_preorders_start-news-793.php|title = Li Auto announces the Li L8 and Li L7, pre-orders start|website=arenaev.com}}</ref>

== Specifications ==
[[File:2023 Lixiang L8 (rear).jpg|thumb|left|Rear quarter view]]
[[File:Li Auto L8 005.jpg|thumb|left|Dashboard]]
The vehicle can be described as a [[range extender|range extended vehicle]] or as a [[plug-in hybrid|PHEV]]. It has two electric motors: a {{convert|130|kW|hp PS|0|adj=on}} motor in the front and a {{convert|200|kW|hp PS|0|adj=on}} motor in the rear. It is also equipped with a front-mounted 1.5-litre turbocharged 4-cylinder petrol engine with a {{convert|65|L|usgal impgal|1}} petrol tank capacity. The petrol engine is a [[range extender]] for the electric motors; it does not directly power the wheels.

Total power output is {{convert|330|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|620|Nm|lbft kgm|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}. The company claims a WLTC range of {{convert|700|km|mi|abbr=on}}, and an electric-only WLTC range of {{convert|168|km|mi|abbr=on}} with the CLTC range being {{convert|210|km|mi|abbr=on}}.

Charging to 80% takes 30 minutes with a fast charger. A full charge at 200V takes 6.5 hours. Battery capacity is {{cvt|40.9|kWh}}.

It is an SUV, available with six seats in three rows. The interior has several screens sharing the same HUD and mini LED touchscreen in the steering wheel as the Li Auto L9, an additional dual 3K 15.7-inch central touchscreens, and the infotainment system runs on [[Android Automotive]], powered by a dual of [[Qualcomm]] [[Qualcomm Snapdragon|Snapdragon]] 8155 CPU processor with 24GB of RAM and 256GB of internal storage for the L8 Max and a single 8155 CPU processor with 12GB of RAM and 128GB of internal storage for the L8 Pro.

The L8 Max comes with the same AD MAX found in the Li L9, which means that the L8 Max is equipped with the same dual Nvidia Orin-X chips with 508TOPS. The L8 Max also uses the same [[sensor array]] consisting of a roof-mounted Hesai lidar, six 8MP cameras, two 5MP cameras, 12 ultrasonic radars, and a milliwave radar. The Li Xiang L8 Pro uses a system named AD Pro, which is a vision-only system without the roof-mounted lidar. The system uses a [[Horizon Robotics]] Journey 5 chip with 128 TOPS and sensor array consists of an 8MP front camera and five 2MP peripheral cameras along with four 2MP surround view cameras, 12 ultrasonic radars, and a milliwave radar. will be equipped with a Level 2 [[self-driving car|Autonomous Driving system]].
<ref name="carnewschina L8 review">{{cite web | url = https://carnewschina.com/2022/11/02/li-auto-l8-review-will-the-younger-brother-of-l9-cannibalize-its-sales/|title = Li Auto L8 review: Will the younger brother of L9 cannibalize its sales?|website=carnewschina.com| date=2 November 2022 }}</ref>

The combination of a small internal combustion engine with a battery that is noticeably larger than in most [[Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]]s resembles the [[BMW i3]] REx.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}

[[Category:Li Auto vehicles|L8]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 2022]]
[[Category:Mid-size crossover sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Luxury crossover sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Hybrid sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Plug-in hybrid vehicles]]
[[Category:All-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Cars of China]]

Li L7

2024-10-09T03:36:38Z

TimWu007: /* External links */

{{Short description|Chinese hybrid electric car}}
{{Infobox automobile
| image = Li Auto L7 006.jpg
| name = Li L7
| aka = {{unbulleted list
|Lixiang L7
}}
| manufacturer = [[Li Auto]]
| production = 2023–present
| assembly = China: [[Changzhou]], [[Jiangsu]]
| class = [[Mid-size]] [[Luxury vehicle|luxury]] [[crossover SUV]]
| body_style = 5-door [[SUV]]
| layout = [[Front-engine]], [[Four-wheel drive]]
| engine = 1.5 L ''L2E15M'' ([[turbo]] [[Petrol engine|petrol]]) [[Straight-four engine|inline-four]] {{convert|113|kW|abbr=on}}
| motor = Two [[Synchronous motor#Permanent-magnet|Permanent magnet synchronous motors]], {{convert|330|kW|abbr=on}} combined
| battery = 44.5 kWh
| drivetrain = [[PHEV]]
| powerout = {{convert|330|kW|hp|abbr=on}} combined
| transmission = Single-speed automatic
| wheelbase = {{convert|3005|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|5050|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1995|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1750|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| related = {{ubl
| [[Li L6]]
| [[Li L8]]
| [[Li L9]]
}}
}}
The '''Li L7''' ({{zh|s=理想L7|p=Lǐxiǎng L7|l=ideal L7}}) is a [[Luxury vehicle|luxury]] [[mid-size]] [[crossover SUV]] produced by Chinese manufacturer [[Li Auto]]. It is the fourth vehicle from the manufacturer, and also the third L-series model, which also includes the similar [[Li L9|L9]], [[Li L8|L8]] and [[Li L6|L6]].

== Overview ==
The Li L7 was presented in September 2022. It has a same wheelbase in the L8 with a reduced body length.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.arenaev.com/li_auto_announces_the_li_l8_and_li_l7_preorders_start-news-793.php | title=Li Auto announces the Li L8 and Li L7, pre-orders start | date=30 September 2022 }}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="150">
File:Li Auto L7 2024 facelift 001.jpg|Rear view
File:Li Auto L7 005.jpg|Interior
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commonscat-inline}}
* {{Official website}}

[[Category:Li Auto vehicles|L7]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 2022]]
[[Category:Mid-size crossover sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Luxury crossover sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Hybrid sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Plug-in hybrid vehicles]]
[[Category:All-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Cars of China]]

Li L7

2024-10-09T03:35:34Z

TimWu007: /* References */

{{Short description|Chinese hybrid electric car}}
{{Infobox automobile
| image = Li Auto L7 006.jpg
| name = Li L7
| aka = {{unbulleted list
|Lixiang L7
}}
| manufacturer = [[Li Auto]]
| production = 2023–present
| assembly = China: [[Changzhou]], [[Jiangsu]]
| class = [[Mid-size]] [[Luxury vehicle|luxury]] [[crossover SUV]]
| body_style = 5-door [[SUV]]
| layout = [[Front-engine]], [[Four-wheel drive]]
| engine = 1.5 L ''L2E15M'' ([[turbo]] [[Petrol engine|petrol]]) [[Straight-four engine|inline-four]] {{convert|113|kW|abbr=on}}
| motor = Two [[Synchronous motor#Permanent-magnet|Permanent magnet synchronous motors]], {{convert|330|kW|abbr=on}} combined
| battery = 44.5 kWh
| drivetrain = [[PHEV]]
| powerout = {{convert|330|kW|hp|abbr=on}} combined
| transmission = Single-speed automatic
| wheelbase = {{convert|3005|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|5050|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1995|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1750|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| related = {{ubl
| [[Li L6]]
| [[Li L8]]
| [[Li L9]]
}}
}}
The '''Li L7''' ({{zh|s=理想L7|p=Lǐxiǎng L7|l=ideal L7}}) is a [[Luxury vehicle|luxury]] [[mid-size]] [[crossover SUV]] produced by Chinese manufacturer [[Li Auto]]. It is the fourth vehicle from the manufacturer, and also the third L-series model, which also includes the similar [[Li L9|L9]], [[Li L8|L8]] and [[Li L6|L6]].

== Overview ==
The Li L7 was presented in September 2022. It has a same wheelbase in the L8 with a reduced body length.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.arenaev.com/li_auto_announces_the_li_l8_and_li_l7_preorders_start-news-793.php | title=Li Auto announces the Li L8 and Li L7, pre-orders start | date=30 September 2022 }}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="150">
File:Li Auto L7 2024 facelift 001.jpg|Rear view
File:Li Auto L7 005.jpg|Interior
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commonscat}}
* {{Official website}}

[[Category:Li Auto vehicles|L7]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 2022]]
[[Category:Mid-size crossover sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Luxury crossover sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Hybrid sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Plug-in hybrid vehicles]]
[[Category:All-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Cars of China]]

Li L6

2024-10-09T03:34:53Z

TimWu007: /* References */

{{Short description|Chinese hybrid electric car}}
{{Infobox automobile
| image = Li Auto L6 003.jpg
| name = Li L6
| aka = {{unbulleted list
|Lixiang L6
}}
| manufacturer = [[Li Auto]]
| production = 2024–present
| assembly = China: [[Changzhou]], [[Jiangsu]]
| class = [[Compact car|Compact]] [[Luxury vehicle|luxury]] [[crossover SUV]]
| body_style = 5-door [[SUV]]
| layout = [[Front-engine]], [[Four-wheel drive]]
| engine = 1.5 L ''L2E15M'' ([[turbo]] [[Petrol engine|petrol]]) [[Straight-four engine|inline-four]] {{convert|113|kW|abbr=on}}
| motor = Two [[Synchronous motor#Permanent-magnet|Permanent magnet synchronous motors]], {{convert|330|kW|abbr=on}} combined
| battery = 36.8 kWh
| drivetrain = [[PHEV]]
| powerout = {{convert|330|kW|hp|abbr=on}} combined
| transmission = Single-speed automatic
| wheelbase = {{convert|2920|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|4925|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1960|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1735|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| related = {{ubl
| [[Li L7]]
| [[Li L8]]
| [[Li L9]]
}}
}}
The '''Li L6''' ({{zh|s=理想L6|p=Lǐxiǎng L6|l=ideal L6}}) is a [[Luxury vehicle|luxury]] [[Compact car|compact]] [[crossover SUV]] produced by Chinese manufacturer [[Li Auto]]. It is the sixth vehicle from the manufacturer, and also the fourth L-series model, which also includes the similar [[Li L7|L7]], [[Li L8|L8]] and [[Li L9|L9]].

== Overview ==
In April 2024, the third, even smaller variant of the hybrid SUV family was presented under the name Li L6. The car gained an even shorter body and wheelbase, which resulted in it becoming the first Li Auto product with a length of less than 5 meters, distinguished by a more angled rear. The L6 was Li Auto's cheapest product at launch.<ref name="cnevpost L6 review">{{cite web | url = https://cnevpost.com/2024/04/18/li-auto-launches-li-l6/|title = Li Auto launches its cheapest model Li L6 with starting price of $34,500|website=cnevpost.com| date=18 April 2024 }}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="150">
File:(CHN-Guangdong) Private Li L6 No-plate rear 2024-05-27.jpg|Rear view
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commonscat}}
* {{Official website}}

[[Category:Li Auto vehicles|L6]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 2024]]
[[Category:Compact crossover sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Luxury crossover sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Hybrid sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Plug-in hybrid vehicles]]
[[Category:All-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Cars of China]]

XPeng G9

2024-10-09T03:33:18Z

TimWu007: /* References */

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}{{Use British English|date=August 2024}}
{{Short description|Battery electric mid-size luxury crossover SUV}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name = XPeng G9
| image = 2022 XPeng G9 (front).jpg
| manufacturer = [[XPeng]]
| aka =
| production = 2022–present
| assembly = [[Guangzhou]], [[Guangdong]], China
| class = [[Executive car|Mid-size luxury]] [[SUV]]
| body_style = 5-door [[SUV]]
| layout = {{unbulleted list
| [[Rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Rear-motor, rear-wheel drive]]
| Dual motors [[Four-wheel drive|4WD]] (''AWD'' models)
}}
| platform = SiC Platform
| related =
| motor = [[Permanent magnet synchronous motor|AC induction/asynchronous, Permanent magnet motor]]
| powerout = {{unbulleted list
| {{cvt|230|kW|hp PS}} (''RWD'' models)
| {{cvt|405|kW|hp PS}} (''AWD'' models)
}}
| transmission = 1-speed direct-drive reduction
| battery = 96 kWh [[lithium-ion]]
| electric_range =
| wheelbase = 2998mm
| length = 4891mm
| width = 1937mm
| height = 1670-1680mm
| weight = 2190-2435kg
| designer = Yi Dong,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CWhz-5SJgAW/ |title=The all new flagship SUV - XPENG G9|via=[[Instagram]]|url-access=registration  | date=21 November 2021|author=Yi Dong}}</ref> Vojtěch Stránský
| charging = 445 kW DC<ref>{{cite web | url=https://carnewschina.com/2023/10/24/li-mega-showed-a-552-kw-peak-charging-capacity-thanks-to-catls-5c-battery/ | title=Li Mega showed a 552 kW peak charging capacity thanks to CATL's 5C battery | date=24 October 2023 }}</ref>
}}
The '''XPeng G9''' is a [[Battery electric vehicle|battery-powered]] [[Executive car|mid-sized luxury]] [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]] manufactured by Chinese [[electric car]] company [[XPeng]]. The G9 was unveiled in November 2021 during the [[Guangzhou Auto Show]] and was officially launched in China in the third quarter of 2022. The G9 is the first XPeng product to be conceived and designed from the outset for both domestic Chinese and international markets.<ref name="AutomotiveNews">{{Cite news|last=Yang|first=Jian |date=2021-11-25|title=Xpeng unwraps 4th product with eyes on global markets|url=https://www.autonews.com/china/xpeng-unwraps-4th-product-eyes-global-markets|newspaper=[[Automotive News]]|access-date=2021-11-28}}</ref>

== Technical details ==
[[File:2022 XPeng G9 (rear).jpg|thumb|left|XPeng G9 rear left quarter view]]
The XPeng G9 is XPeng's 4th product, following the [[XPeng G3]] compact crossover, [[XPeng P7]] mid-size sedan, and [[XPeng P5]] compact sedan. The G9 complies with 5-star safety design standards under new car assessment programs in China and the European Union, as well as the EU's vehicle certification standards known as European Whole Vehicle Type Approval, making the vehicle the first XPeng model to be designed with foreign markets in mind. The G9 also meets the EU's environmental protection requirements, with a reusability rate of more than 85 percent and a recyclable rate exceeding 95 percent, according to XPeng.<ref name="AutomotiveNews" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Moloughney|first=Tom|date=2021-11-18|title=XPeng Unveils Sleek New G9 SUV Designed For Global Markets|url=https://insideevs.com/news/548689/xpeng-reveals-g9-suv/|website=InsideEVs|access-date=2021-11-28}}</ref>

The XPeng G9 is equipped with the centralized electronic and electrical architecture of XPeng and Xpilot 4.0 advanced driver-assistance system in terms of [[advanced driver-assistance system]] (ADAS). The G9 is based on XPeng's own SiC dedicated EV platform making it compatible with the next-generation X-Power superchargers by XPeng for charging up to {{convert|200|km|0}} in 5 minutes via the 800 volt architecture.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vijayenthiran|first=Viknesh|date=2021-11-22|title=Xpeng G9 flagship crossover debuts at Auto Guangzhou 2021|url=https://www.motorauthority.com/news/1134236_xpeng-g9-flagship-crossover-debuts-at-auto-guangzhou-2021|website=Motor Authority|access-date=2021-11-28}}</ref> The G9 is built on two [[Nvidia Drive]] Orin systems-on-a-chip capable of 508 trillion operations per second and delivers AI capabilities that Xmart OS could be continuously upgraded with each over-the-air update. It has the hardware capable of [[Self-driving car|L4 autonomous driving]]. The G9 uses an 8 million pixel front-view camera and 2.9 million pixel cameras to cover the left and right sides of the vehicle as well as the front and rear views, with lidar sensors embedded in the headlights.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hanley|first=Steve|date=2021-11-26|title=XPeng Plans 50% Global Sales, Debuts G9 SUV In Guangzhou|url=https://cleantechnica.com/2021/11/26/xpeng-plans-50-global-sales-debuts-g9-suv-in-guangzhou/|website=[[CleanTechnica]]|access-date=2021-11-28}}</ref>

The XPeng G9 has been developed using the same platform as the XPeng P7, for this reason, the wheelbase of both cars will be very similar, between {{convert|3|and|3.10|m|mm in|1}}. Specifically, the XPeng G9 aims to compete directly against models such as the [[Tesla Model Y]], the [[Nio ES7]] and the [[Li Auto One]] from [[Li Auto]] (based on the wheelbase, 3,000–3,100 mm will be directly competitive for [[Nio ES8]] 3,010 mm and Li Auto One 3,010 mm). It can be seen as the flagship medium- to large- sized [[Luxury car|luxury SUV]]. It is similar in price to [[Tesla Model Y]], but slightly larger in size.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-19|title=Desvelado el Xpeng G9: Podrá cargar 200 km en 5 minutos|url=https://cochesdechina.com/noticias/xpeng-g9-presentacion-cargar-200-km-5-minutos|website=cochesdechina.com|language=es|access-date=2021-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119044138/https://cochesdechina.com/noticias/xpeng-g9-presentacion-cargar-200-km-5-minutos|archive-date=2021-11-19|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Safety ==
{{Euro NCAP|year=2023|description=XPeng G9 (LHD)|adult_points=34.3|adult_percent=85|child_points=42|child_percent=85|pedestrian_percent=78|pedestrian_points=49.5|safety_points=14.1|safety_percent=78|reference=https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/79845/euroncap-2023-xpeng-g9-datasheet.pdf|reference_name=XPeng G9 Test Results|overall_stars=5}}

== See also ==
* [[List of production battery electric vehicles]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}

{{XPeng}}

[[Category:All-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 2021]]
[[Category:Luxury crossover sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Production electric cars]]
[[Category:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:XPeng vehicles|G9]]

XPeng G6

2024-10-09T03:31:02Z

TimWu007: /* External links */ Updated in Wikidata

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}{{Use British English|date=September 2024}}
{{Short description|Battery electric mid-size crossover SUV}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name = XPeng G6
| image = XPeng G6 014.jpg
| caption = XPeng G6 in Shanghai
| manufacturer = [[XPeng]]
| aka =
| production = 2023–present
| assembly = China: [[Guangzhou]], [[Guangdong]]
| designer =
| class = [[Mid-size crossover SUV]]
| body_style = 5-door [[coupé SUV]]
| layout = {{unbulleted list
| [[Rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Rear-motor, rear-wheel drive]]
| Dual motors [[Four-wheel drive|4WD]] (''AWD'' models)
}}
| platform = SEPA 2.0 Platform
| related =
| motor = [[Permanent magnet synchronous motor|AC induction/asynchronous, Permanent magnet motor]]
| powerout = {{unbulleted list
| {{cvt|190|kW|hp PS}} (''RWD'' Standard range models)
| {{cvt|218|kW|hp PS}} (''RWD'' Long range models)
| {{cvt|358|kW|hp PS}} (''AWD'' models / Performance models)
}}
| transmission = 1-speed direct-drive reduction
| battery = {{unbulleted list
| {{cvt|66|kWh}} 800V Technology [[Lithium iron phosphate battery|LFP]] (''RWD'' STD Range models)
| {{cvt|87.5|kWh}} [[Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides|lithium-NMC]] (''RWD'' or ''AWD'' models)
}}
| electric_range = {{ubl
| Maximum {{cvt|755|km}} (CLTC)
| Maximum {{cvt|625|km}} (NEDC)
}}
| charging = [[Vehicle-to-grid|V2L]]: 2.2 kW
| wheelbase = {{convert|2890|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|4753|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1920|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1650|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|1995-2095|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
| sp = uk
}}

The '''XPeng G6''' ({{lang-zh|c=小鹏G6|p=Xiǎopéng G6}}) is a [[Battery electric vehicle|battery-powered]] [[mid-size crossover SUV]] manufactured by Chinese [[electric car]] company [[XPeng]]. The G6 was unveiled in April 2023 during [[Auto Shanghai]] and it was launched in China in June.

== History ==
[[File:XPeng G6 015.jpg|thumb|225px|left|Rear view of Xpeng G6]]
[[File:XPeng G6 009.jpg|thumb|225px|left|Cockpit of Xpeng G6]]
On 18 April 2023, at [[Auto Shanghai]], the world premiere of the fifth model in the portfolio of Xpeng took place.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://electrek.co/2023/04/18/xpeng-debuts-g6-coupe-suv-ev-469-mile-range-10-minute-charging-china/ | title = XPeng debuts G6 coupe SUV on its next-gen EV platform with 469-mile range and 10 min charging | date = 18 April 2023 | accessdate = 2023-05-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://carnewschina.com/2023/04/18/xpeng-g6-premiered-in-shanghai-price-and-specs-leaked/ | title = Xpeng G6 coupe SUV premiered in Shanghai. Price and specs leaked | date = 18 April 2023 | accessdate = 2023-05-04}}</ref> The G6 expanded the SUV range, positioning itself between the compact [[XPeng G3|G3i]] and the flagship [[XPeng G9|G9]] as a mid-size crossover.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.arenaev.com/xpeng_g6_coupe_suv_debuts_pricing_specs_interior_exterior-news-1702.php | title = XPeng G6 Coupe mid-size SUV pioneers SEPA 2.0 platform | accessdate = 2023-05-04}}</ref> The vehicle has been maintained in a minimalist design typical of other products of the company, distinguished by a slim silhouette with double-row headlights created by two closely spaced LED strips with a dotted line motif. They also crowned the rear part of the body, which, thanks to the sharply cut rear end with a sloping roofline, gave the Xpeng G6 SUV Coupe propositions.<ref name=":1">{{cite web | url = https://insideevs.com/news/663169/2023-xpeng-g6-probably-brand-most-important-model/ | title = 2023 XPeng G6 Is Probably The Brand's Most Important Model Yet | accessdate = 2023-05-04}}</ref> At the lower edge of the body there is an opening spoiler on the Performance edition of the car, which, together with the aerodynamic proportions of the body, is to ensure optimal air flow.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.carscoops.com/2023/04/xpeng-g6-debuts-as-a-sci-fi-inspired-electric-crossover-coupe/ | title = New Xpeng G6 Is A Sci-Fi Inspired Electric Crossover Coupe | accessdate = 2023-05-04}}</ref> The appearance design of the G6 was coordinated with renowned Chinese science fiction writer [[Liu Cixin]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/press-releases/2023-04-18/xpeng-debuts-g6-ultra-smart-coupe-suv-at-auto-shanghai-2023 | title = XPENG Debuts G6 Ultra Smart Coupe SUV at Auto Shanghai 2023 | website = [[Bloomberg News]] | accessdate = 2023-05-04}}</ref>

The G6 was created for sale in global markets. Deliveries of the first units began on 29 June 2023 in China,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cnevpost.com/2023/07/10/xpeng-starts-deliveries-of-g6/|title=Xpeng starts deliveries of new SUV G6 in China|author=Lei Kang|publisher=CnEVPost|date=July 10, 2023}}</ref> with selected Western European markets to follow in 2024.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://topelectricsuv.com/news/xpeng/xpeng-g5-mid-size-suv/ | title = 2023 Xpeng G6 mid-size SUV to challenge the Tesla Model Y | date = 15 March 2023 | accessdate = 2023-05-04}}</ref>

=== Safety ===
{{Euro NCAP|year=2024|description=XPENG G6 Long Range (LHD)|reference=https://www.euroncap.com/en/results/xpeng/g6/52567|reference_name=Xpeng G6 2024 Test Results|overall_stars=5|adult_points=35.5|adult_percent=88|child_points=42|child_percent=85|pedestrian_points=51.5|pedestrian_percent=75|safety_points=13.6|safety_percent=75}}

== Specifications ==
The G6 is an electric car that was created in two drive variants. The basic one was equipped with one engine transferring the power of {{cvt|296|hp|abbr=on}} to the rear axle,<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.autoevolution.com/cars/xpeng-g6-2023.html#aeng_xpeng-g6-2023-single-motor-rwd | title = Single motor RWD (296 HP) | accessdate = 2023-05-04}}</ref> while the top one, thanks to two engines and AWD drive, developed {{cvt|480|hp|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.autoevolution.com/cars/xpeng-g6-2023.html#aeng_xpeng-g6-2023-dual-motor-awd | title = 2024 XPeng G6 | accessdate = 2023-05-04}}</ref> The basic battery has a capacity of {{cvt|66|kWh|abbr=on}} LFP, while the larger one is at {{cvt|87.5|kWh|abbr=on}} NMC.<ref name=":1" /> During the premiere, XPeng declared that the G6 was equipped with a fast charging speed that allows user to complete up to 300 additional kilometers of range in 10 minutes,<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.businessinsider.com/xpeng-g6-electric-suv-469-mile-range-tesla-model-y-2023-4?IR=T#better-yet-the-g6-claims-to-charge-extremely-quickly-it-can-add-300-kilometers-186-miles-of-range-in-just-10-minutes-plugged-in-xpeng-says-6 | title = Chinese Tesla rival XPeng revealed a sleek, quick-charging SUV with more range than the Model Y — see the G6 | website = [[Business Insider]] | accessdate = 2023-05-04}}</ref> which was possible to the use of a new generation of modular SEPA 2.0 platform adapted to such technology.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://cnevpost.com/2023/04/16/xpeng-unveils-new-vehicle-tech-platform-sepa-2-0/ | title = XPeng unveils new vehicle platform that promises faster model rollouts and greater cost savings | date = 16 April 2023 | accessdate = 2023-05-04}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}

{{XPeng}}

[[Category:All-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 2023]]
[[Category:Mid-size crossover sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Production electric cars]]
[[Category:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:XPeng vehicles|G6]]

XPeng P5

2024-10-09T03:30:09Z

TimWu007: /* External links */

{{short description|Chinese electric automobile}}
{{use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox electric vehicle
| name = XPeng P5
| image = 2021 XPeng P5.jpg
| caption = XPeng P5
| manufacturer = [[XPeng]]
| aka =
| production = 2021–present
| assembly = China: [[Zhaoqing]]
| designer = Rafik Ferrag
| class = [[Compact executive car]] ([[D-segment|D]])<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ev-database.org/car/1679/XPENG-P5 | title=Xpeng P5 }}</ref>
| body_style = 4-door [[Sedan (automobile)#Fastback sedans|sedan]]
| layout = {{unbulleted list|
[[Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout|Front-motor, front-wheel drive]]|
Dual-motor [[all-wheel drive]] (''AWD'' models - not available or announced)
}}
| platform =
| related =
| engine =
| motor =
| transmission = 1-speed fixed gear
| drivetrain =
| battery = {{cvt|60.2|-|80.9|kWh|lk=in}} [[lithium-ion battery|Lithium ion]]
| electric_range = Maximum {{convert|600|km|0|abbr=out}} (NEDC)
| wheelbase = {{convert|2768|mm|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|4808|mm|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1840|mm|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1530|mm|abbr=on}}
| weight =
}}

The '''XPeng P5''' ({{lang-zh|c=小鹏P5|p=Xiǎopéng P5}}) is a [[battery electric vehicle|battery-powered]] [[Compact executive car|compact executive]] [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]] produced by the Chinese [[electric car]] company [[XPeng]]. It is the first mass-produced car to be equipped with [[lidar]] sensors for [[advanced driver-assistance systems]] (ADAS).<ref name="Ouyang" />

== History ==
[[File:XPeng P5 Shishi 02 2022-05-20.jpg|thumb|left|XPeng P5 rear]]
At [[Auto Shanghai]]<ref name="BusinessWire" /> in April 2021, XPeng presented the third model of its brand,<ref name= "BusinessWire" /> complementing the offer as a cheaper and smaller alternative to the flagship [[XPeng P7|P7]]. It took the form of a [[compact car|compact]] 4-door sedan.<ref name="BusinessWire">{{cite press release |url= https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210414005546/en/XPeng-New-LiDAR-Equipped-P5-a-Game-Changer-for-Smart-EVs |title=XPeng New LiDAR-Equipped P5 a Game-Changer for Smart EVs |publisher=XPeng Motors|via=[[Business Wire]]|date=2021-04-14|access-date=2021-04-27}}</ref>

In terms of styling, the P5 developed on the styling concept of the larger P7, distinguishing itself by a gently sloping roof line towards the short, slender ending of the rear part of the body. Headlights made in [[Light-emitting diode|LED]] technology were connected by a light strip between them,<ref>{{cite web |last=Gauthier|first=Michael |date= 2021-04-13| url=https://www.carscoops.com/2021/04/xpeng-p5-teased-promises-to-be-the-first-mass-produced-ev-with-lidar/ |title=XPeng P5 Teased, Promises To Be The First Mass-Produced EV With LiDAR |website=Carscoops |access-date=2021-04-27}}</ref> while the charging port was located in the right front fender.

The passenger compartment is kept in a minimalist design, dominated by a vast vertical multimedia system touch screen located at an angle between the edge of the dashboard and the central tunnel, characterised by a 15.6-inch diagonal.<ref>{{cite web |last=Moloughney|first=Tom |date=2021-04-22|url=https://insideevs.com/news/502971/xpeng-p5-reservations-open-first-ev-lidar/ | title = Reservations Open For XPeng's P5; First Mass Produced EV With LIDAR |website=InsideEVs|access-date=2021-04-27}}</ref> The vehicle is equipped with a third-generation Xmart OS 3.0 multimedia system with a voice control function.<ref name="BusinessWire" /> The P5 is known for its sleeping/cinema mode, front seats can lie flat to support an air bed along with the rear seat bottom cushions. Optional full-width projection screen, rear centre console mini-fridge, 220 V third party appliances.<ref>{{Cite web |title=XPeng Starts Pre-Orders for Its Third Production Smart EV P5 at Shanghai Auto Show |url=https://en.xiaopeng.com/news/news_info/3837.html |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=en.xiaopeng.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shahan |first=Zachary |date=2021-09-15 |title=XPeng Launches $25,000 to $35,000 P5 Electric Sedan — How Many Will XPeng Sell? |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2021/09/15/xpeng-launches-25000-to-35000-p5-electric-sedan-how-many-will-xpeng-sell/ |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=CleanTechnica |language=en-US}}</ref>

The P5 is the first mass-produced car in history to be optionally equipped with the advanced [[Lidar|LiDAR]] Technology autonomous driving system.<ref name="Ouyang">{{cite news |last=Ouyang|first=Iris |date=2021-04-14 |url= https://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/3129530/teslas-chinese-rival-xpeng-ups-self-driving-game-worlds-first |title=Tesla's Chinese rival Xpeng ups the self-driving game with world's first mass-produced LiDAR in P5 sedan, defying Elon Musk |work=[[South China Morning Post]] |access-date=2021-04-27}}</ref> It consists of sensors cooperating with a laser ladar that scans the surroundings of the car at a distance of 150 metres in the range of 150 degrees, including traffic lights, other moving vehicles, as well as pedestrians and cyclists moving nearby.<ref name="Ouyang" /> The 32 sensors include two LiDARs, 12 ultrasonic and 5 microwave sensors and 13 high-resolution image processing cameras.<ref name="Ouyang" /> With future OTA improvements, the P5 has the hardware capable of [[Self-driving car|L4 Autonomous driving]].

Sales of the P5 started in the fourth quarter of 2021,<ref name="BusinessWire" /> beginning in the Chinese market. It generated a lot of attention during its premiere. Within 53 hours of its debut, XPeng collected 10,000 orders for the P5.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gnaticov |first=Cristian |date=2021-04-22| url= https://www.carscoops.com/2021/04/xpeng-p5-record-pre-orders-for-the-chinese-semi-autonomous-electric-sedan/ |title=XPeng P5: Record Pre-Orders For The Chinese Semi-Autonomous Electric Sedan |website=Carscoops.com |access-date=2021-04-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Monika |date=2021-04-21|url=http://autonews.gasgoo.com/70018177.html |title=XPeng receives 10,000 orders for P5 within 53 hours |website=Gasgoo|access-date=2021-04-27}}</ref> In 2022, they planned to start selling the vehicle also in selected Western European markets, starting with [[Norway]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Parikh|first=Sagar |date= 2021-09-18| url=https://electricvehicleweb.in/xpeng-p5-norway-europe-launch/ |title=Xpeng P5 launched in China before the Norway launch |website=ElectricVehicleWeb.in |access-date=2021-04-27}}</ref>

=== Drivetrain ===
The fully electric drive system of the P5 has a maximum range of approximately {{convert|600|km|mi|abbr=on}} on a single charge. The car is for now only available in front-wheel drive and maybe later as [[all-wheel drive]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Kable|first=Greg |date= 2021-04-16|url=https://www.wardsauto.com/vehicles/china-s-xpeng-motors-reveals-electric-p5-sedan |title=China's Xpeng Motors Reveals Electric P5 Sedan |website=WardsAuto.com |access-date=2021-04-27}}</ref>

== 2023 facelift ==
<gallery widths="200" heights="150">
File:XPeng P5 2024 at Auto Guangzhou 2023 20231126-A.jpg|XPeng P5 2023 (facelift)
File:XPeng P5 2024 at Auto Guangzhou 2023 20231126-B.jpg|XPeng P5 2023 (facelift) rear
</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{Official website}}

{{XPeng}}

[[Category:Cars introduced in 2021]]
[[Category:Compact cars]]
[[Category:Production electric cars]]
[[Category:Front-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:All-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Sports sedans]]
[[Category:XPeng vehicles|P5]]

XPeng X9

2024-10-09T03:28:52Z

TimWu007: /* External links */

{{short description|Battery electric luxury minivan}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name = XPeng X9
| image = XPeng X9 003.jpg
| caption = XPeng X9 in Beijing
| manufacturer = [[XPeng]]
| aka =
| production = 2023–present
| assembly = China: [[Guangzhou]]
| designer =
| class = [[Minivan]] ([[M-segment|M]])
| body_style = 5-door [[minivan]]
| platform = SEPA 2.0 Platform
| related =
| layout = {{unbulleted list
| [[Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout|Front-motor, front-wheel drive]]
| Dual motors [[Four-wheel drive|4WD]] (''AWD'' models)
}}
| motor = [[Permanent magnet synchronous]]
| powerout = {{unbulleted list
| {{cvt|235|kW|hp PS}} (''FWD'' models)
| {{cvt|370|kW|hp PS}} (''AWD'' models)
}}
| battery = {{ubl
| [[Lithium-ion]]
| 84.5 [[kWh]] [[Eve Systems|Eve Energy]] [[Lithium iron phosphate battery|Lithium iron phosphate (LFP)]]
| 101.5 kWh [[CALB]] [[Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides|Lithium-Ternary (NMC)]]
}}
| range = {{ubl
| {{convert|610-702|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} (CLTC)
}}
| charging =
| wheelbase = {{convert|3160|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|5293|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1988|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1785|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight =
| sp = uk
}}

The '''XPeng X9''' ({{lang-zh|c=小鹏X9|p=Xiǎopéng X9}}) is a [[Battery electric vehicle|battery-powered]] [[Luxury car|luxury]] [[minivan]] manufactured by Chinese [[electric car]] company [[XPeng]].<ref name="carnewschina.com" >{{cite news|url=https://carnewschina.com/2024/01/01/xpeng-x9-seven-seater-launched-at-50800-usd-lower-than-pre-sale-price/|title=Xpeng X9 seven-seater launched at 50,800 USD, lower than pre-sale price|language=en|newspaper=Carnewschina.com|date=2024-01-01|accessdate=2024-01-01}}</ref>

== Overview ==
[[File:XPeng X9 004.jpg|thumb|left|XPeng X9 rear]]
The XPeng X9 sits on the SEPA 2.0 platform with three rows and 7 seats in a setup of 2-2-3. The drag coefficient is 0.227 Cd. The XPeng X9 battery options include a 84.5 kWh lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery pack supplied by Eve Energy and a 101.5 kWh ternary NMC battery pack from CALB. The XPeng X9's SEPA 2.0 platform supports 800V charging enabling adding 300 km of range within 10 minutes of charging time. Depending on different battery and electric motor combinations, X9 has 610 km, 640 km, and 702 km of CLTC range.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://cleantechnica.com/2024/01/04/innovative-new-xpeng-x9-huge-hit-or-trickle-sales/|title=Innovative New XPENG X9 — Huge Hit Or Trickle Sales?|language=en|newspaper=cleantechnica.com|date=2024-01-13|accessdate=2024-07-13}}</ref>

On May 17, the XPeng X9 made its official debuts in Hong Kong alongside the XPeng G6 crossover SUV.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://cnevpost.com/2024/05/18/xpeng-g6-x9-debut-in-hk/|title=Xpeng G6, X9 debut in HK, local deliveries to begin in Q3|language=en|newspaper=cnevpost.com|date=2024-05-18|accessdate=2024-07-13}}</ref>

{{clear}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}

{{XPeng}}

[[Category:XPeng vehicles|X9]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 2023]]
[[Category:Minivans]]
[[Category:Front-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Production electric cars]]

XPeng P7

2024-10-09T03:25:47Z

TimWu007: /* External links */

{{Use British English|date=August 2024}}
{{short description|Battery electric compact executive car}}
{{use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox electric vehicle
| name = XPeng P7
| image = 2021 XPeng P7 (front).jpg
| caption = XPeng P7
| manufacturer = [[XPeng]]
| aka =
| assembly = [[Zhaoqing]], China
| production = June 2020–present
| successor =
| class = [[Compact executive car]] ([[D-segment|D]])<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ev-database.org/car/1823/XPENG-P7-Wing-Edition | title=XPENG P7 Wing Edition }}</ref>
| designer = Rafik Ferrag<ref>{{cite web |last=Smith|first=Karl |date=16 April 2019|url=https://www.cardesignnews.com/cdn-live/shanghai-2019-xpeng-p7-coupe/38028.article|title=Shanghai 2019: XPeng P7 Coupé|website=Car Design News |access-date=19 January 2020 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
| body_style = 4-door [[fastback]] [[Sedan (automobile)#Fastback sedans|sedan]]
| layout = {{unbulleted list
| [[Rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Rear-motor, rear-wheel drive]]
| Dual-motor [[all-wheel drive]] (''AWD'' models)
}}
| platform =
| doors = {{ubl
| Conventional (Standard models)
| [[Scissor doors|Scissor]] Front + Conventional Rear (P7 Wing Limited Edition)
}}
| engine =
| motor = {{convert|196|kW|hp PS|abbr=on}} [[Synchronous motor|Permanent Magnet Synchronous Reluctance Motor]] {{convert|316|kW|hp PS|abbr=on}} (4WD) Permanent Magnet Synchronous Reluctance Motor
| transmission = 1-speed fixed gear
| drivetrain =
| battery = {{cvt|80.87|kWh|lk=in}} [[lithium-ion battery|lithium ion]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Jiang|first=Tianshuang |date=17 December 2019|url=https://www.autohome.com.cn/news/201912/955596.html|script-title=zh:最大功率316kW 小鹏P7动力信息曝光 |website=autohome.com.cn |language=zh |access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref>
| electric_range = {{unbulleted list
| {{convert|562|km|0|abbr=out}} 4WD Performance ([[New European Driving Cycle|NEDC]])
| {{convert|586|km|0|abbr=out}} RWD Long Range (NEDC)
| {{convert|706|km|0|abbr=out}} RWD Super Long Range (NEDC)
}}<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200615005509/en/Xpeng-P7-Driving-Range-Updated-Multiple-Versions|title=Xpeng P7 Driving Range Updated for Multiple Versions|publisher=XPeng Motors|via=[[Business Wire]]|date=15 June 2020 |access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref>
| wheelbase = {{convert|2998|mm|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|4880|mm|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1896|mm|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1450|mm|abbr=on}}
| weight = 1865 kg RWD Long Range 1910 kg RWD Super Long Range 2060 kg 4WD Performance
| related =
}}

The '''XPeng P7''' ({{lang-zh|c=小鹏P7|p=Xiǎopéng P7}}) is a [[battery electric vehicle|battery-powered]] [[Compact executive car|compact executive]] [[sedan (automobile)|sedan]] made by the Chinese [[electric car]] company [[XPeng]], which started deliveries in the Chinese market on 29 June 2020.<ref name="Krivevski">{{cite web|last=Krivevski|first=Blagojce|date=2020-06-28|title=Xpeng Starts Delivery of P7 EV Sports Sedan|url=https://electriccarsreport.com/2020/06/xpeng-starts-delivery-of-p7-ev-sports-sedan/|website=Electric Cars Report|access-date=2020-06-28}}</ref><ref name="Moloughney">{{cite web|last=Moloughney|first=Tom|date=2020-06-15|title=Exclusive First Drive Report: Xpeng P7 Performance Version|url=https://insideevs.com/reviews/428679/xpeng-p7-driving-impressions-media-day/|website=InsideEVs|access-date=2020-06-15}}</ref>

==Overview==
The XPeng P7 debuted as a semi-[[concept car]] on the 2019 [[Auto Shanghai]] show in April 2019. On November 30, 2019, the production model was unveiled at the [[Auto Guangzhou]] 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xpeng P7 Electric Sedan Shines At Guangzhou Motor Show |url=https://insideevs.com/news/384849/xpeng-p7-reveal-guangzhou-motor-show/ |access-date=2021-12-08 |website=InsideEVs.com |language=en}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="120">
File:Xpeng P7 002.jpg|XPeng P7 Concept
File:Xpeng P7 005.jpg|XPeng P7 Concept rear quarter
</gallery>

===Production model===
The XPeng P7 is a direct competitor to the Tesla Model 3. As the second model of XPeng after the [[XPeng G3|G3]], the range of the new sedan will be improved compared to the G3. The official release said that the size of the XPeng P7 will be larger than a mid-size car, with a wheelbase typical of mid-to-large size vehicles. In terms of battery life, the company said that "the range will be greatly improved"<ref>{{cite news |last=Xie |first=Yu |date=16 April 2019 |title=Chinese electric vehicle maker Xpeng unveils P7 four-door coupe at Auto Shanghai 2019, months after SUV roll out |url=https://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/3006444/chinese-electric-vehicle-maker-xpeng-unveils-p7-four-door-coupe |work=[[South China Morning Post]]|access-date=18 April 2019}}</ref> with a range of {{convert|562|to|706|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} ([[New European Driving Cycle|NEDC]]) claimed. The XPeng P7 made its world debut at the 2019 Auto Shanghai show.<ref>{{cite web |title=Xpeng P7 intelligent electric coupe debuts at Auto Shanghai 2019 |url=https://en.xiaopeng.com/news/9.html |website= xiaopeng.com |date=16 April 2019|access-date=16 April 2019| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190508105756/https://en.xiaopeng.com/news/9.html|archive-date=8 May 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> The car started deliveries to customers on 29 June 2020.<ref name="Krivevski" /><ref name="Moloughney" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Dixon |first=Tom |date=18 April 2019|title=Xpeng Motors Unveils Xpeng P7 At Auto Shanghai 2019 |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2019/04/18/xpeng-motors-unveils-xpeng-p7-at-auto-shanghai-2019/ |website=[[CleanTechnica]] |access-date=18 April 2019}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="120">
File:2020 XPeng P7 (front).jpg|XPeng P7
File:2020 XPeng P7 (rear).jpg|XPeng P7 rear quarter
</gallery>

{{as of|2021|02}}, listing images of an updated version of the P7 powered by [[lithium iron phosphate battery]] supplied by [[CATL|Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited]] (CATL) surfaced. The lithium iron phosphate battery powered models share the same design and features of the regular
Ternary lithium battery models and is powered by a {{convert|80|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}} electric motor with the maximum output of {{convert|196|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |last=Li|first=Na |script-title=zh:宁德时代电池小鹏P7磷酸铁锂版申报图 |url=https://www.autohome.com.cn/news/202102/1109764.html|website=autohome.com.cn |language=zh |date=4 February 2021 |access-date=4 February 2021}}</ref>

On November 20, 2021, the Xpeng P7 Wing limited edition was released.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}<gallery widths="180" heights="120">
File:XPeng P7 Wing 20221118.jpg|P7 Wing Edition (front view)
File:20211212 Xpeng P7 on display at MixC Zhengzhou.jpg|P7 Wing Edition (rear view)
</gallery>

===XPeng P7i===
The XPeng P7i is the facelift model of the XPeng P7 for 2023. The facelift features the second generation XNGP XPeng intelligent driving assist technology with two additional radars and the Orin-X chips replacing the Xavier chips of the previous P7, providing up to 508TOPS of calculation ability compared to the previous 30TOPS. The powertrain also received an update with the rear wheel drive models now producing 203 kW and 440N·m while the all wheel drive variants now produces 348 kW and 757N·m with the 0–100 km/h acceleration time of 3.9 seconds.<ref>{{cite web |last=Li|first=Na |script-title=zh:售24.99-33.99万元小鹏P7i正式上市|url=https://www.autohome.com.cn/news/202303/1280069.html|website=autohome.com.cn |language=zh |date=10 March 2023 |access-date=26 June 2023}}</ref>

<gallery widths="190" heights="130">
File:XPeng P7i 001.jpg|2023 XPeng P7i Wing Edition
File:XPeng P7i 002.jpg|Rear view

</gallery>

===Sales===
Sales in the Chinese market passed the 10,000 mark after less than six months.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kane|first=Mark |date=2020-12-05|url=https://insideevs.com/news/458029/xpeng-sales-november-2020-china/|title=China: Xpeng More Than Quadrupled EV Sales In November 2020|website=InsideEVs|access-date=2021-09-29}}</ref>

{{clear}}

== Technology ==
=== Adaptive cruise control system ===
XPeng P7 is equipped with an adaptive cruise control system. The [[adaptive cruise control]] (ACC) system is a safety system designed for avoiding collisions by collecting environmental data from vehicle [[sensor]]s to control the velocity of vehicles. According to data in 2020, this system had been used for driving for {{convert|25.1|e6km|e6mi|abbr=unit}}, which the using rate of ACC is 66%.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tan|first1=Hong|last2=Zhao|first2=Fuquan|last3=Liu|first3=Zongwei|date=2021-04-05|title=Impact of adaptive cruise control (ACC) system on fatality and injury reduction in China|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15389588.2021.1896715|journal=Traffic Injury Prevention|volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=307–312 |language=en|doi=10.1080/15389588.2021.1896715|pmid=33819126 |s2cid=233037336 |issn= 1538-9588}}</ref>

=== AGX-Xavier central computer ===
XPeng P7 has many sensors, radars and cameras for 360-degree environment detection. After the process of data collection, [[Nvidia]] [[Drive AGX Xavier]], which is the central high-performance computer equipped in P7, would utilize and calculate data to perform P7's Xmart OS functions, such as [[Vehicular automation|automated driving]] and [[valet parking]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cvijetic|first1= Neda|last2=Tomazin|first2=Tom|date=2021-02-01|title=Entwicklung einer zentralisierten Rechnerarchitektur für autonome Fahrzeuge |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s35658-020-0569-4|journal=ATZelektronik|language=de| volume=16|issue=1|pages=18–23|doi= 10.1007/s35658-020-0569-4|s2cid=234018002 |issn=2192-8878}}</ref>

=== Autonomous driving assistance system ===
XPeng P7's XPILOT 3.0 is an autonomous driving assistance system that features XPeng Navigation Guided Pilot (XNGP). According to the data offered by Marie Cheung, it has:
*31 autonomous driving sensors;
*12 ultrasonic sensors;
*10 autonomous driving high-sensitivity cameras and sub-systems;
*5 high-precision millimeter [[wave radar]]s;
*4 autonomous driving surround-view cameras.

These equipments give XPeng P7 omnidirectional perception to supervise the changes of the surrounding environment.<ref>{{cite news|last=Cheung|first=Marie|date=July 15, 2021 |title=XPeng P7 Leads Industry with First i-VISTA 5-Star Smart Car Rating|work=Business Wire |url= https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210715005933/en/XPeng-P7-Leads-Industry-with-First-i-VISTA-5-Star-Smart-Car-Rating}}</ref>

== Awards ==
The Xpeng P7 won the Xuanyuan Awards Car of The Year 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cheung|first=Marie|date=14 December 2020|title=Xpeng P7 receives Car of the Year 2021 Award in Xuanyuan Awards|work=Xpeng Inc.|url=https://ir.xiaopeng.com/news/news-details/2020/Xpeng-P7-receives-Car-of-the-Year-2021-Award-in-Xuanyuan-Awards/default.aspx}}</ref>

== Safety ==
{{Euro NCAP|year=2023|description=XPeng P7 80kW electric (LHD)|adult_points=35|adult_percent=87|child_points=40|child_percent=81|pedestrian_percent=81|pedestrian_points=51.5|safety_points=14.2|safety_percent=78|reference=https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/78437/euroncap-2023-xpeng-p7-datasheet.pdf|reference_name=XPeng G9 Test Results|overall_stars=5}}

==In media==
*On September 8, 2022, the Xpeng P7 was added to the videogame [[Forza Horizon 5]] as part of the ''Rami's Racing History'' update, initially obtainable for free by completing in-game seasonal events from the 8th to the 15th.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://carnewschina.com/2022/09/09/xpeng-p7-ev-now-available-on-forza-horizon-5/|title=XPeng P7 EV Now Available on Forza Horizon|website=CarNewsChina.com|first=Hillary|last=Princewell|date=9 September 2022|accessdate=12 September 2022}}</ref>
*[[Forza Motorsport (2023 video game)|Forza Motorsport]] (2023)
*Need for Speed Assemble (2024)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.igcd.net/vehicle.php?__r=1.47faec026250bfe2e5d8b8599ddb5261&id=351539|title=2020 Xpeng P7- Need for Speed Assemble|website=www.igcd.net|first=|last=|date=|accessdate=17 July 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*{{official website}}
*{{official website|https://www.xiaopeng.com/p7i.html}} {{in lang|zh}}

{{XPeng}}

[[Category:All-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 2019]]
[[Category:Compact executive cars]]
[[Category:Mid-size cars]]
[[Category:Production electric cars]]
[[Category:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Sports sedans]]
[[Category:Coupés]]
[[Category:XPeng vehicles|P7]]

LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport

2024-10-08T07:22:08Z

TimWu007: (GR) File renamed: File:LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA IMG 2364.JPG → File:LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana.jpg Criterion 2 (meaningless or ambiguous name) · Official Name

{{More citations needed|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox university
| name = LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport (also LSU Health Shreveport)
| native_name =
| image = LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana.jpg
| image_size = 180px
| image_alt =
| caption =
| motto =
| motto_lang =
| motto_eng =
| former_names =
| established = 1965
| closed =
| type = [[Public university]]
| academic_affiliation = [[National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program|Space-grant]]
| parent = [[Louisiana State University System|LSU System]]
| city = [[Shreveport, Louisiana|Shreveport]]
| canton =
| prefecture =
| province =
| region =
| state = [[Louisiana]]
| country = United States
| coordinates = {{coord|32.481014|-93.761894|display=title|type:landmark}}
| dean =
| rector =
| principal =
| director =
| chancellor = David Guzick
| academic_staff = 
| students = 
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| alumni =
| symbol =
| website = {{url|www.lsuhs.edu}}
| logo =
| footnotes =
| embedded =
}}

'''Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport''' ('''LSU Health Shreveport''') is a [[public university]] focused on the health sciences and located in [[Shreveport, Louisiana]]. It is part of the [[Louisiana State University System|LSU System]] and is composed of three different schools: the School of Medicine, School of Graduate Studies, and School of Allied Health Professions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lsuhscshreveport.edu/|title=Home - Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport|website=www.lsuhscshreveport.edu|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-09|archive-date=2019-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704233024/http://www.lsuhscshreveport.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref> The School of Medicine offers the [[Doctor of Medicine]] degree, while both the Schools of Graduate Studies and Allied Health offer [[Bachelor's degree]]s, [[Master's degree]]s, and [[Doctorate]] degrees.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lsuhscshreveport.edu/our-schools/school-of-allied-health-professions|title=School of Allied Health Professions - Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport|website=www.lsuhscshreveport.edu|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-09|archive-date=2019-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709045945/http://www.lsuhscshreveport.edu/our-schools/school-of-allied-health-professions|url-status=live}}</ref> The Ochsner-LSU Health Hospital also offers 18 residency programs and 15 fellowships.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lsuhscshreveport.edu/our-schools/school-of-medicine/admissions/faqs|title=FAQs - Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport|website=www.lsuhscshreveport.edu|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-09|archive-date=2019-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709045946/http://www.lsuhscshreveport.edu/our-schools/school-of-medicine/admissions/faqs|url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==
[[Image:LSU Medical Center in Shreveport, LSU Health Services Shreveport.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Close-up view of LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, which occupies the expanded facilities of the formerly-named Confederate Memorial Medical Center]]
It is part of the [[Louisiana State University System]]. It was established as the '''Louisiana State University School of Medicine at Shreveport''' in 1966; [[Edgar Hull]] – who in 1931 had worked to establish the [[Medical Center of Louisiana at New Orleans]] – was the first [[dean (academic)|dean]], from 1966 until he retired in 1973.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lahistory.org/site25.php|title=Hull, Edgar|publisher=[[Louisiana Historical Association]], A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography|access-date=February 1, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025180310/http://lahistory.org/site25.php|archive-date=October 25, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> G. E. Ghali was named Chancellor of LSU Health Shreveport in October 2016. Dr. Ghali left LSU Health Shreveport in June 2021. Dr. David Lewis, also Dean of the School of Medicine, stepped in as Interim Chancellor. In January 2023, Dr. David Guzick took over as Chancellor. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.lsu.edu/mediacenter/news/2023/01/lsuhsc_chancellor_guzick.php | title=Dr. David Guzick Selected Chancellor of LSU Health Shreveport }}</ref>

Since 2016, the LSU medical school in Shreveport has grappled with financial troubles. LSU President [[F. King Alexander]] said that the troubles date to 2013, when the private Biomedical Research Foundation of Northwest Louisiana assumed control of the teaching hospital as part of then-[[governor of Louisiana|Governor]] [[Bobby Jindal]]'s plan to privatize the state charity hospital system. Alexander said that the foundation has not paid hospital bills in full and provides insufficient funding to sustain the medical school.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/education/2016/08/31/lsu-shreveport-medical-school-life-support/89670118/|title=LSU's Shreveport medical school on life support|author=Leigh Guidry|newspaper=[[The Times (Shreveport)|The Shreveport Times]]|date=August 31, 2016|access-date=February 22, 2017|archive-date=March 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328143702/https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/education/2016/08/31/lsu-shreveport-medical-school-life-support/89670118/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In October 2018, a 50/50 partnership between Ochsner and LSU Health Shreveport took over managing the operations, replacing the previous management.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Piekos |first1=Christian |title=Ochsner takes the reigns of North Louisiana's charity hospitals |url=https://www.ksla.com/2018/10/04/ochsner-takes-reigns-north-louisianas-charity-hospitals/ |website=ksla |access-date=2023-05-12 |archive-date=2019-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330045133/https://www.ksla.com/2018/10/04/ochsner-takes-reigns-north-louisianas-charity-hospitals/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Academics ==
LSU Health Shreveport's three professional schools (Allied Health Professions, School of Graduate Studies, and School of Medicine) offer multiple degree paths.

=== School of Allied Health Professions ===
Allied Health has the widest arrangement of academic degrees, with undergraduate and graduate programs. It also offers three residency programs.

=== School of Graduate Studies ===
The school of graduate studies offers master's degrees and PhDs and takes part in a combined MD-PhD program with the School of Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lsuhscshreveport.edu/our-schools/school-of-graduate-studies|title=School of Graduate Studies - Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport|website=www.lsuhscshreveport.edu|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-09|archive-date=2019-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709045944/http://www.lsuhscshreveport.edu/our-schools/school-of-graduate-studies|url-status=live}}</ref> The SOGS offers doctorate degrees in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Pathology and Translational Pathobiology. The Cellular Biology and Anatomy department also offers master's degrees.
https://schoolofgradstudies.lsuhs.edu/academics/

=== School of Medicine ===
The School of Medicine only offers the MD degree, but some students elect to join the rigorous combined [[MD–PhD]] program.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lsuhscshreveport.edu/our-schools/school-of-medicine|title=School of Medicine - Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport|website=www.lsuhscshreveport.edu|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-09|archive-date=2019-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709045944/http://www.lsuhscshreveport.edu/our-schools/school-of-medicine|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.lsuhs.edu Official website]
{{Louisiana Trauma Centers}}{{LSU}}
{{Shreveport, Louisiana}}
{{Education in Caddo Parish, Louisiana}}
{{Public universities and colleges in Louisiana}}
{{Shreveport, Louisiana}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Medical schools in Louisiana]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Shreveport, Louisiana]]
[[Category:Louisiana State University System|Health Sciences Center Shreveport]]
[[Category:Schools of public health in the United States]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Shreveport, Louisiana]]

Caddo Parish, Louisiana

2024-10-08T07:22:04Z

{{short description|Parish in Louisiana, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Caddo Parish
| official_name = Parish of Caddo
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| settlement_type = [[List of parishes in Louisiana|Parish]]

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| image_skyline = File:Shreveport September 2015 113 (Caddo Parish Courthouse).jpg
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| named_for = [[Caddo]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]]

| seat_type = [[Parish seat]] {{small|(and largest city)}}
| seat = [[Shreveport, Louisiana|Shreveport]]
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| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
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| area_code = [[Area code 318|318]]
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| blank_info_sec1 = [[Louisiana's 4th congressional district|4th]]
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| website = [http://www.caddo.org official website]
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}}
[[Image:Shreveport September 2015 039 (Shreve Memorial Library).jpg|200px|right|thumb|The Shreve Memorial [[Library]] in Shreveport located downtown in the former US [[post office]] and courthouse]]

'''Caddo Parish''' ({{Lang-fr|Paroisse de Caddo}}) ({{IPAc-en|'|k|æ|d|əʊ|}}) is a [[Parish (administrative division)|parish]] located in the northwestern corner of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Louisiana]]. According to the [[2020 United States census|2020 U.S. census]], the parish had a population of 237,848.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=QuickFacts: Caddo Parish, Louisiana|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/caddoparishlouisiana/POP010220|access-date=August 19, 2021|website=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> The [[parish seat]] and largest city is [[Shreveport, Louisiana|Shreveport]], which developed along the [[Red River of the South|Red River]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=June 7, 2011 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 }}</ref>

The city of Shreveport is the economic and cultural center for the tri-state region of the [[Ark-La-Tex]] containing Caddo Parish. Caddo Parish is included in the [[Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan area|Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan statistical area]].

==History==
{{Moresources | section|date=February 2024}}
In 1838, Caddo Parish was created by territory taken from [[Natchitoches Parish]]; the legislature named it for the indigenous [[Caddo|Caddo Indians]] who had lived in the area. Most were forced out during [[Indian Removal]] in the 1830s.

With European-American development, the parish became a center of cotton plantations. Planters developed these along the waterways, with clearing and later cultivation and processing by thousands of enslaved African-American laborers. Shreveport, the parish seat, became a center of government, trade and law.

An armory was constructed in Shreveport before the American Civil War. This city served as the state capital after Union forces had seized [[Baton Rouge, Louisiana|Baton Rouge]]. Locals have referred to the armory as "Fort Humbug".

After the Civil War, and particularly after Reconstruction, whites in the parish used violence and intimidation against blacks to suppress Republican voting and re-establish [[white supremacy]]. The parishes in northwestern Louisiana had a high rate of violence and lynchings. From 1877 through the early 20th century, there were 48 [[Lynching in the United States|lynchings of African Americans]] in Caddo Parish; this was the second-highest total in the state after [[Lafourche Parish]], and nearly twice as high as the lowest parishes among the top six.<ref>[https://eji.org/sites/default/files/lynching-in-america-third-edition-summary.pdf ''Lynching in America, Third Edition: Supplement by County''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023063004/https://eji.org/sites/default/files/lynching-in-america-third-edition-summary.pdf |date=October 23, 2017 }}, p. 6, Equal Justice Initiative, Mobile, AL, 2017</ref> The victims included Jennie Steers, a domestic servant hanged by a white lynch mob in July 1903, for allegedly poisoning her employer's daughter.<ref name="pfeifer">[https://books.google.com/books?id=zAGwb3G6soMC&q=Tangipahoa+parish Michael James Pfeifer, ''Rough Justice: Lynching and American Society, 1874-1947''], University of Illinois Press, 2004, p. 198, Footnote #104</ref>

In 1920 the [[United Daughters of the Confederacy|Daughters of the Confederacy]], who were memorializing the Civil War, designated the armory as "Fort Turnball". During [[World War II]], the government used it as a mobilization site for men who had been drafted and recruited.

In the early twentieth century, the oil industry developed here, with a concentration of related businesses in Shreveport. Numerous oil wells were constructed across southern Arkansas and northern Louisiana.<ref name="adam7-8">Fairclough (1999), pp. 7-8</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], the parish has a total area of {{convert|937|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|978|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|58|sqmi}} (6.2%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_22.txt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928155956/http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_22.txt |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 28, 2013 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 27, 2014 |date=August 22, 2012 |title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files }}</ref>

===Major highways===
* [[Image:I-20.svg|25px]] [[Interstate 20]]
** [[Image:I-220.svg|25px]] [[Interstate 220 (Louisiana)|Interstate 220]]
* [[Image:I-49.svg|25px]] [[Interstate 49]]
* [[Image:US 71.svg|25px]] [[U.S. Route 71|U.S. Highway 71]]
* [[Image:US 79.svg|25px]] [[U.S. Route 79|U.S. Highway 79]]
* [[Image:US 80.svg|25px]] [[U.S. Route 80|U.S. Highway 80]]
* [[Image:US 171.svg|25px]] [[U.S. Route 171|U.S. Highway 171]]
* [[Image:Louisiana 1 (2008).svg|25px]] [[Louisiana Highway 1]]
* [[Image:Louisiana 3132 (2008).svg|25px]] [[Louisiana Highway 3132]]

===Adjacent counties and parishes===
{{div col}}
* [[Miller County, Arkansas|Miller County]], [[Arkansas]] (north)
* [[Lafayette County, Arkansas|Lafayette County]], [[Arkansas]] (northeast)
* [[Bossier Parish, Louisiana|Bossier Parish]] (east)
* [[Red River Parish, Louisiana|Red River Parish]] (southeast)
* [[De Soto Parish, Louisiana|De Soto Parish]] (south)
* [[Panola County, Texas|Panola County]], [[Texas]] (southwest)
* [[Harrison County, Texas|Harrison County]], [[Texas]] (west)
* [[Marion County, Texas|Marion County]], [[Texas]] (west)
* [[Cass County, Texas|Cass County]], [[Texas]] (northwest)
{{div col end}}

===National protected area===
* [[Red River National Wildlife Refuge]] (part)

==Communities==
=== City ===
* [[Shreveport, Louisiana|Shreveport]] (parish seat and largest municipality)

=== Towns ===
* [[Blanchard, Louisiana|Blanchard]]
* [[Greenwood, Louisiana|Greenwood]]
* [[Mooringsport, Louisiana|Mooringsport]]
* [[Oil City, Louisiana|Oil City]]
* [[Vivian, Louisiana|Vivian]]

=== Villages ===
* [[Belcher, Louisiana|Belcher]]
* [[Gilliam, Louisiana|Gilliam]] (smallest municipality)
* [[Hosston, Louisiana|Hosston]]
* [[Ida, Louisiana|Ida]]
* [[Rodessa, Louisiana|Rodessa]]

=== Unincorporated areas ===

==== Census-designated place ====
* [[Lakeview, Louisiana|Lakeview]] (suburb of Shreveport)

==== Other communities ====

* [[Bethany, Louisiana and Texas|Bethany]] (partly in [[Panola County, Texas]])
* Conn
* [[Dixie, Louisiana|Dixie]]
* Forbing
* [[Keithville, Louisiana|Keithville]]
* Mira
* Mrytis
* [[North Rodessa, Louisiana|North Rodessa]]
* [[Zylks, Louisiana|Zylks]]

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1840= 5282
|1850= 8884
|1860= 12140
|1870= 21714
|1880= 26296
|1890= 31555
|1900= 44499
|1910= 58200
|1920= 83265
|1930= 124670
|1940= 150203
|1950= 176547
|1960= 223859
|1970= 230184
|1980= 252358
|1990= 248253
|2000= 252161
|2010= 254969
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019">{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2010-2019/counties/totals/|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|access-date=March 26, 2020}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 27, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426102944/http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archive-date=April 26, 2015}}</ref> 1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=August 27, 2014}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/la190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 27, 2014}}</ref> 1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 27, 2014}}</ref> 2010-2019<ref name="QF">{{cite web|title=State & Parish QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/22/22017.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715125241/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/22/22017.html|archive-date=July 15, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|2020=237848}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Caddo Parish, Louisiana – Racial and ethnic composition''' {{nobold|''Note: the U.S. census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}
!Race / Ethnicity (''NH = Non-Hispanic'')
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Caddo Parish, Louisiana|url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALSF12000.P004?q=p004&g=050XX00US22017|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Caddo Parish, Louisiana|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=050XX00US22017&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Caddo Parish, Louisiana|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=050XX00US22017&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|131,527
|121,969
|style='background: #ffffe6; |101,727
|52.16%
|47.84%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |42.77%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|111,984
|119,697
|style='background: #ffffe6; |114,769
|44.41%
|46.95%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |48.25%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|904
|976
|style='background: #ffffe6; |895
|0.36%
|0.38%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.38%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|1,718
|2,653
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3,179
|0.68%
|1.04%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1.34%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|65
|118
|style='background: #ffffe6; |120
|0.03%
|0.05%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.05%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|169
|246
|style='background: #ffffe6; |856
|0.07%
|0.10%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.36%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|2,044
|3,181
|style='background: #ffffe6; |7,921
|0.81%
|1.25%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3.33%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|3,750
|6,129
|style='background: #ffffe6; |8,381
|1.49%
|2.40%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3.52%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''252,161'''
|'''254,969'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''237,848'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

At the publication of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 237,848 people, 92,589 households, and 56,525 families residing in the parish. At the [[2010 United States census|2010 U.S. census]], there were 254,969 people, 119,502 households, and 68,900 families residing in the parish. According to 2012 [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]] estimates, the Caddo Parish population was 257,093. As of 2010, the population density was {{convert|286|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.

At the 2019 [[American Community Survey]], the racial and ethnic makeup of the parish was 49.9% [[African Americans|Black or African American]], 44.3% [[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|non-Hispanic or Latino white]], 0.4% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]], 1.2% [[Asian Americans|Asian]], 0.2% [[Native Hawaiians|Native Hawaiian]] and other [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]], 0.3% some other race, 1.8% [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]], and 2.9% [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino American]] of any race.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Geography Profile: Caddo Parish, Louisiana|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0500000US22017|url-status=live|access-date=August 19, 2021|website=data.census.gov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819152917/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0500000US22017 |archive-date=August 19, 2021 }}</ref> In 2010, the [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|racial makeup]] of the parish was 49.1% [[White Americans|White]], 40.0% Black or African American, 1.2% Native American, 1.8% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 0.82% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races; 5.4% of the population were Hispanic or Latin American. Since the 2020 census,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US22017&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=December 29, 2021|website=data.census.gov}}</ref> its Black or African American, and non-Hispanic white population have remained the predominant groups though Hispanic or Latino Americans rebounded to comprising 3.52% of the population; multiracial Americans also increased to forming 3.69% of the population. Reflecting nationwide trends of greater diversification since the 2020 U.S. census,<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 12, 2021 |title=US census: Hispanic and Asian-American driving US population growth |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58195166 |access-date=May 4, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chavez |first=Nicole |title=Multiracial population grew in almost every county in the US. It doesn't mean racism is over |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/15/us/census-2020-multiracial-nation/index.html |access-date=May 4, 2022 |website=CNN|date=August 15, 2021 }}</ref> the Asian American community saw increases among its population as well.

In 2010, there were 119,502 households, out of which 30.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.20% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 19.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.70% were non-families. A total of 28.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.11. In 2019, there were 92,589 households spread throughout 113,578 housing units; 59.8% of housing units were owner-occupied. The median gross rent was $810.<ref name=":1" /> By 2021, the median sales price for a single-family household was $207,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lahman |first=Sean |title=How hot is the real estate market in Caddo Parish? Home prices rose year over year |url=https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/2022/01/31/gda-average-home-prices-20220128-la-pshr-22017/49731079/ |access-date=May 11, 2022 |website=The Times |language=en-US}}</ref>

At the 2010 census, the parish population was spread out, with 26.80% under the age of 18, 10.20% from 18 to 24, 27.40% from 25 to 44, 22.00% from 45 to 64, and 13.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 89.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.90 males. At the 2019 American Community Survey, 76.1% were aged 18 and older, and 6.8% of the population were age 5 and under. The median age was 38.8, though 2020 estimates determined the median age declined to 37.8 with a ratio of 89.9 males per 100 females.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 ACS Age and Sex Statistics |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Caddo%20Parish,%20Louisiana%20median%20age&tid=ACSST5Y2020.S0101 |access-date=May 11, 2022 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

==Economy==
[[File:LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana.jpg|thumb|LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport]]
The economy of the parish is primarily centered in the city of Shreveport, with international corporations including [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] and [[Walmart]] stimulating the economy alongside nationwide chains such as [[Best Buy]], [[Target Corporation|Target]], and others.<ref>{{Cite web |title=$200M Shreveport Amazon fulfillment center announced |url=https://www.ktbs.com/news/200m-shreveport-amazon-fulfillment-center-announced/article_561ff4cc-af09-11eb-a0fb-b36042f61225.html |access-date=May 4, 2022 |website=KTBS |date=May 7, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> While maintaining these companies in the parish, however, Caddo includes some of the poorest areas in Louisiana by ZIP code. Statistics from 2014 show West Shreveport (71103) was the poorest ZIP code in the state with a per capita income of just $22,267; Queensborough, Shreveport (71109) was the fourth-poorest with $24,966; Caddo Heights/South Highlands (71108) was the fifth-poorest with $25,334; and Rodessa (71069) was the twenty-fourth-poorest with $34,346.<ref>{{cite news|title=The 50 poorest places in Louisiana, by ZIP code|url=http://www.nola.com/business/index.ssf/2017/03/poorest_neighborhoods_louisian.html#incart_special-report|access-date=December 13, 2017|publisher=New Orleans Times-Picciune|date=March 15, 2017}}</ref> In 2020, an estimated 22.9% of the parish population lived at or below the poverty line with 33.9% of its impoverished population being under 18 years of age.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 ACS Annual Poverty Statistics |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US22017&tid=ACSST5Y2020.S1701 |access-date=May 11, 2022 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

Parishwide, the median household income was $42,003 as of 2020's American Community Survey; families had a median income of $55,719; married-couple families $81,114; and nonfamily households $26,204.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 ACS Annual Income Estimates |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US22017&tid=ACSST5Y2020.S1901 |access-date=May 11, 2022 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> Despite the poverty within the parish, however, the [[Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan area|Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan statistical area]] and entire Northwest Louisiana region gained three projects valued at over $750 million in the early 2020s to offset its population and economic decline, and increase recognition.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wright |first=Robert J. |title=3 Big Reasons the Shreveport, Bossier Economy is About to Explode |url=https://710keel.com/3-big-reasons-the-shreveport-bossier-economy-is-about-to-explode/ |access-date=May 11, 2022 |website=News Radio 710 KEEL |date=December 22, 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

The largest employers in the region as of 2017 were:<ref>{{cite web|title=Leading Employers in Caddo Parish|url=http://www.nlep.org/Regional-Data/Leading-Employers/Caddo-Employers.aspx|publisher=North Louisiana Economic Partnership|access-date=December 15, 2017}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
! Employer
! Employees
| Note
|-
|1
|[[Caddo Public Schools (Louisiana)|Caddo Parish Public Schools]] (CPPS)
|9,416
|
|-
|2
|Willis-Knighton Medical Center
|6,732
|
|-
|3
|University Health
|6,372
|
|-
|4
|[[LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport|LSU Health Shreveport]]
|2,762
|
|-
|5
|[[Shreveport, Louisiana|City of Shreveport]]
|2,569
|
|}

==Law and government==
As parish seat, Shreveport is the site of the parish courthouse. Caddo Parish comprises the 1st Judicial District. Located downtown on Texas Street, the courthouse contains both civil and criminal courts. The current elected judges are: Ramon Lafitte, Craig O. Marcotte, Michael A. Pitman, Karelia R. Stewart, Robert P. Waddell, Erin Leigh W. Garrett, Katherine C. Dorroh, John Mosely, Jr., Brady O'Callaghan, Ramona Emanuel, Charles G. Tutt, and [[Roy Brun]]. The Clerk of Court is Mike Spence. Caddo Parish like all parishes in Louisiana utilizes Justices of the Peace and Constables particularly when civil suits below $5,000 or an eviction has been filed.

Caddo Parish has the highest rate of death penalty convictions in the United States.<ref>{{cite magazine | title=Revenge Killing, Race and the Death Penalty in a Louisiana Parish |magazine=The New Yorker |date=July 6, 2015
|author=Rachel Aviv |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/07/06/revenge-killing |accessdate=April 12, 2023 }}</ref>

==Politics==
{{PresHead|place=Caddo Parish, Louisiana|source=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=March 7, 2018}}</ref>}}

{{PresRow|2020|Democratic|48,021|55,110|1,781|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|2016|Democratic|49,006|53,483|3,315|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|2012|Democratic|52,459|58,042|1,264|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|2008|Democratic|52,228|55,536|896|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|54,292|51,739|564|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|2000|Democratic|46,807|47,530|1,302|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1996|Democratic|38,445|55,543|5,391|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1992|Democratic|42,665|47,733|12,280|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1988|Republican|54,498|39,204|700|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1984|Republican|63,429|35,727|445|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1980|Republican|51,202|36,422|1,560|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1976|Republican|42,627|30,593|1,120|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|47,215|15,649|3,003|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1968|American Independent|21,224|17,675|28,463|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1964|Republican|42,197|10,158|0|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1960|Republican|25,139|11,481|9,681|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1956|Republican|23,432|10,780|4,637|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1952|Republican|27,850|14,554|0|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1948|Dixiecrat|4,777|5,985|11,355|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1944|Democratic|5,885|12,896|29|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1940|Democratic|3,124|17,192|29|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|1,697|12,156|4|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|1,309|12,159|85|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1928|Democratic|3,665|6,934|0|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1924|Democratic|1,062|4,517|411|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1920|Democratic|401|4,264|0|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1916|Democratic|151|3,109|4|Louisiana}}
{{PresFoot|1912|Democratic|34|1,946|220|Louisiana}}
Since the late 20th century, most conservative whites in Louisiana have shifted into the Republican Party. Politics largely follows ethnic patterns, as most African Americans have supported national Democratic candidates since regaining the power to vote and other civil rights under Democratic national administrations. Some urban liberal whites also vote Democratic. Since 1992, Caddo Parish has voted for the Democratic nominee in presidential campaigns except for 2004 when George W. Bush won the parish narrowly over John Kerry. Notably the city of Shreveport is the base for Democratic strength, while surrounding white-majority suburban areas are aligned with the Republican Party.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/statesub.php?year=2004&fips=22017&f=1&off=0&elect=0 |title=2004 Presidential General Election Results - Louisiana, Caddo Parish|website=uselectionatlas.org}}</ref>

==Education==
The [[Caddo Public Schools (Louisiana)|Caddo Parish School Board]] operates public schools.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st22_la/schooldistrict_maps/c22017_caddo/DC20SD_C22017.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Caddo Parish, LA|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=July 31, 2022}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st22_la/schooldistrict_maps/c22017_caddo/DC20SD_C22017_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref>

The parish also has fourteen private schools as of 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Caddo Parish, LA Private Schools|url=https://www.privateschoolreview.com/louisiana/caddo-county|publisher=Private School Review|access-date=January 28, 2018}}</ref> It is in the service area of [[Bossier Parish Community College]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lctcs.edu/our-colleges|title=Our Colleges|publisher=[[Louisiana's Technical and Community Colleges]]|accessdate=June 3, 2021}}</ref> though the private [[Centenary College of Louisiana]] and LSU's [[Louisiana State University Shreveport|Shreveport campus]] are also prominent institutions of higher education.

==Correction center==
The [[Louisiana Department of Public Safety & Corrections]] operated the [[Forcht-Wade Correctional Center]] in [[Keithville, Louisiana|Keithville]], an unincorporated section of Caddo Parish.<ref>"[http://www.doc.louisiana.gov/view.php?cat=7&id=42 Forcht-Wade Corr. Center] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915111607/http://www.doc.louisiana.gov/view.php?cat=7&id=42 |date=2008-09-15 }}." ''[[Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections]]''. Accessed September 14, 2008.</ref> As the state succeeded in reducing the number of prisoners, it closed this facility in July 2012.<ref name=FWClosed>"[http://doc.la.gov/pages/correctional-facilities/forcht-wade-correctional-center/ Forcht-Wade Correctional Center] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102022104/http://doc.la.gov/pages/correctional-facilities/forcht-wade-correctional-center/ |date=2012-11-02 }}." ([https://web.archive.org/web/20100924202123/http://www.corrections.state.la.us/pages/correctional-facilities/forcht-wade-correctional-center/ Archive]) [[Louisiana Department of Public Safety & Corrections]]. Retrieved on October 23, 2012.</ref>

The Caddo Correctional Center is a full-service parish jail rated at a capacity of 1,500 beds. Constructed in 1994, this facility was designed to successfully manage a large number of inmates with a minimum of personnel. The Caddo Correctional Center is the largest jail in the Ark-La-Tex and the only "direct supervision" facility in the state.{{Citation needed|date=January 2018}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|United States}}
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Caddo Parish, Louisiana]]
* [[USS Caddo Parish (LST-515)|USS ''Caddo Parish'' (LST-515)]]
* [[Jasper K. Smith]], former member of the [[Louisiana House of Representatives]] 1944–1948 and 1952–1964, and former city attorney of [[Vivian, Louisiana|Vivian]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.caddo.org/ Caddo Parish government's website]

{{Geographic Location
|Centre = Caddo Parish, Louisiana
|North = [[Miller County, Arkansas]]
|Northeast = [[Lafayette County, Arkansas]]
|East = [[Bossier Parish, Louisiana|Bossier Parish]]
|Southeast = [[Red River Parish, Louisiana|Red River Parish]]
|South = [[De Soto Parish, Louisiana|De Soto Parish]]
|Southwest = [[Panola County, Texas]]
|West = [[Harrison County, Texas]] and [[Marion County, Texas]]
|Northwest = [[Cass County, Texas]]
}}

{{Caddo Parish, Louisiana}}
{{Louisiana parishes}}

{{Coord|32.58|-93.88|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-LA_source:UScensus1990}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Caddo Parish, Louisiana| ]]
[[Category:Louisiana parishes]]
[[Category:Louisiana placenames of Native American origin]]
[[Category:Parishes in Shreveport – Bossier City metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Geography of Shreveport, Louisiana]]
[[Category:1838 establishments in Louisiana]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1838]]
[[Category:Majority-minority parishes in Louisiana]]

Seres Automobile (Hubei)

2024-10-08T06:34:34Z

TimWu007:

{{Short description|Chinese vehicle manufacturer}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Seres Automobile (Hubei) Co., Ltd.
| native_name = 赛力斯汽车（湖北）有限公司
| logo = Dongfeng Sokon (DFSK) logo.svg
| image =
| image_caption =
| founded = {{start date and age|df=y|2003|06|27}}
| products = [[Car|Automobiles]], [[commercial vehicle]]s, [[List of auto parts|auto parts]]
| founders = [[Seres Group]]
| brands = DFSK Fengon (DFSK Glory) 
| romanized_name =
| former_name = Dongfeng Sokon Automobile (DFSK)
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| website = https://www.dfdongfeng.com.cn/
| parent = [[Seres Group]]
| module = {{Chinese
| child = yes
| s = 赛力斯（湖北）
| t = 賽力斯（湖北）
| p =
| altname =
| w =
| mi =
| y =
| j =
| poj =
| l =
| order = st
}}
}}
'''Seres Automobile (Hubei) Co., Ltd.''' ({{lang-zh|s=赛力斯汽车（湖北）有限公司}}), previously named as '''Dongfeng Sokon Automobile''' ({{Lang-zh|c=|s=东风小康|t=|p=Dongfeng Xiaokang}}) and known internationally as '''DFSK Motor''', was a joint venture between [[Dongfeng Motor Corporation|Dongfeng]] and [[Seres Group]] (formerly Sokon Group), formed on June 27, 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/brief-chongqing-sokons-sales-of-vehicles-idUSL3N1GN3KB |title=BRIEF-Chongqing Sokon's sales of vehicles, engines up in Feb |last=Hong Kong newsroom |date=10 March 2017 |website=reuters.com |publisher=Thomson Reuters}}</ref> It is now fully owned by Seres.

Seres Hubei produces [[microvan]]s, flat-bed commercial trucks and passenger vehicles under the '''DFSK/Dongfeng Sokon''' brand and budget passenger vehicles under the '''Fengon (DFSK Glory)''' brand.<ref name="dfsk-products">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dfsk.com.pe/index.php/inicio/modelos |title=Modelos |website=dfsk.ch |access-date=2018-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504085351/http://www.dfsk.com.pe/index.php/inicio/modelos |archive-date=2018-05-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Manufacturing takes place in four different facilities, two of which are located in [[Hubei]] [[Shiyan]] and two in [[Chongqing]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|title=WELCOME TO DFSK|last=Searles|first=Nathan|website=www.dfsk.com|access-date=2018-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202407/http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|archive-date=2018-09-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== History ==
At the beginning of 2000, [[Sokon|Chongqing Yu'an Innovation Technology (Group)]], a manufacturer of [[motorcycles]] and [[automotive component]]s, and [[Dongfeng Motor]] evaluated the possibility of manufacturing [[microvans]] intended for small Chinese businesses. Dongfeng had experience producing cars for [[Groupe PSA|PSA]], but had not yet produced vehicles in the light commercial segment, and approved the project.

In 2003 the [[joint venture]] ''Dongfeng Yu'an Automobile'', headquartered in [[Chongqing]], was formed and work began on the construction of a new factory. Yu'an Group provided the design for the microvans, and acquired licensing for the production of [[chassis]], [[internal combustion engines|engines]], and components for microvans from [[Suzuki]]. Dongfeng was responsible for the engineering and testing of the vehicles. In 2005, they debuted their first small van, called the C-Series. It was offered in multiple configurations (paneled, passenger minibus and pick-up) with Suzuki engines and [[rear-wheel drive]]. At its debut, the Yu'an Group changed its name to [[Sokon|Chongquin Sokon Industry Group]] (abbreviated to ''Sokon'' in English or ''Sokon'' in Chinese) and the joint venture consequently became Dongfeng Sokon Automobile (abbreviated to DFSK).

In the Chinese market the vehicles are sold as Dongfeng Sokon while in the export markets the name DFSK is used. In both cases, the brand on the grille is Dongfeng's “Dual Wings”.

Subsequently, DFSK presents numerous other models of minivans and starts exporting them also in [[Europe]]; in the [[UK]] they will be distributed by subsidiary Sokon Automobile while in [[Italy]] by [[Giottiline|Giotti Victoria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2017.gonews.it/2017/10/04/giotti-victoria-accordo-al-2020-la-dongfeng/|date=4 November 2017|language=it|title=Giotti Victoria accordo al 2020 la Dongfeng|accessdate=15 October 2021}}</ref>

In September 2003, Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles (瑞驰新能源公司), a fully-funded subsidiary of Chongqing Sokon Group was established. As an enterprise for the manufacturing, sales and services for the pure electric commercial vehicles, Ruichi is one of the earliest enterprises in China with qualifications for the production of pure electric commercial vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.sokon.com/en/businesses/ruichi.html|language=en|title=Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles is committed to becoming a leading brand for the mini electric commercial vehicles.|accessdate=17 February 2023}}</ref> Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles is now a fully-funded subsidiary of [[Seres (automobiles)|Seres]], with products being rebadged electrified versions of DFSK's microvans and trucks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rc-ev.com/cms/p/profile.html|language=zh|title=瑞驰新能源公司简介|accessdate=17 February 2023}}</ref>

In 2013, DFSK decided to enter the lucrative [[Sport Utility Vehicle|SUV]] market by starting the design of a seven-seater mid-size vehicle using Dongfeng technologies; this vehicle was designed so that it could have an aggressive price classifying itself as a low-cost family car and had to be sold both in China and abroad. The project debuted in 2016 called [[Dongfeng Fengguang 580]], a five and seven-seater front-wheel or four-wheel drive SUV with [[Mitsubishi Motors|Mitsubishi]] engines. The brand name Fengguang (translated into Fengon in English) is used to distinguish them from the production of minivans called Sokon. On foreign markets, this vehicle will be renamed DFSK Glory (easier to pronounce) using the Dongfeng Dual Wings emblem on the grille, interior and rear.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

In the same years, the production of the minivan range was started in Indonesia and Thailand and exports also to South America and Eastern Europe.

DFSK began to assemble and market products in Indonesia in 2015.<ref name="indones">{{Cite web |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/07/27/chinese-car-be-produced-indonesia.html |title=Chinese car to be produced in Indonesia |last=Amianti |first=Grace |date=27 July 2015 |website=thejakartapost.com |publisher=The Jakarta Post}}</ref> Plans at the time of launch included an expected production of 50,000 units/year.<ref name="indones" />

In 2017, joint venture of DFSK and [https://dfskpakistan.com Regal Automobile] began assembly in [[Pakistan]]. Plant in [[Lahore]] producing SUV [https://dfskpakistan.com/glory-580-pro/ Glory 580] variants, C-37 Van, [https://dfskpakistan.com/humsafar-van/ Humsafar] MPV, K01 Pickup truck etc.

Total sales in 2017 reached 402,000 vehicles and in November 2018 Chongqing Sokon Group attempted to acquire the remaining 50% of the DFSK joint venture from Dongfeng for 621 million euros, becoming 100% owner. The deal was abandoned in July 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/70015386.html|title=Sokon to wholly own Dongfeng Sokon at expense of 26.01% stake offered to Dongfeng Motor Corporation|accessdate=16 October 2021|date = 18 November 2018}}</ref>

In September 2019, Sokon acquired the remaining 50% of the DFSK joint venture from Dongfeng. Seres continued to produce vehicles using the Dongfeng logo and under the DFSK brand while phasing out the Dongfeng logo on the Fengguang brand after it was renamed to Fengon.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.autothinker.net/Home/Publicsentiment/daily_express_details/id/162888/date/2020-04-16.html | title=东风小康成为小康股份全资子公司-Auto Thinker汽车智库平台 }}</ref>

In April 2020, Chongqing Sokon Industrial Group purchased 50% of DFSK's equity from Dongfeng Motor Group, making DFSK a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sokon Group.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://auto.sina.com.cn/news/hy/2020-04-03/detail-iimxyqwa4906642.shtml?hpid=00041 |title=小康股份全资控股东风小康获批 |work=新浪汽车 |date=2020-04-03 |accessdate=2023-09-28 |url-status=live |archive-date=2023-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928010018/https://auto.sina.com.cn/news/hy/2020-04-03/detail-iimxyqwa4906642.shtml?hpid=00041 }}</ref> As of 2021, DFSK has a total of 4 production bases in China, two of which are located in Shiyan, Hubei and two in Chongqing.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WELCOME TO DFSK|url=http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|accessdate=2018-09-08|author=Searles|first=Nathan|work=www.dfsk.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202407/http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|archivedate=2018-09-08}}</ref>

In October 2023, Dongfeng Sokon Automobile was renamed to Seres Automobile (Hubei).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Li |first=Na |date=2023-10-12 |script-title=zh:注册资本8亿东风小康公司更名赛力斯 |trans-title=Dongfeng Sokon changed its name to Seres with registered capital of RMB 800 million |url=https://www.autohome.com.cn/article?id=86btz_wP9HE= |url-status=live |access-date=2024-10-05 |work=Autohome |language=zh}}</ref>

==Products==

=== Fengon ===
'''Fengon''' (or '''DFSK Glory''' for foreign markets) formerly known as '''Dongfeng Fengguang (东风风光)''', is the sub-brand of Seres that produces passenger vehicles. Established in 2008, Fengon brand targets at affordable compact MPVs and SUVs. It used to be a joint-venture brand with [[Dongfeng Motor Group|Dongfeng Group]] but was fully acquired by Seres Group in 2022. The Fengon brand began to replace the former Dongfeng logo and replaced it with its own Fengon logo in models after the acquisition.

==== Current model ====
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=FENGON风光官网 |url=https://www.dffengguang.com.cn/ |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=www.dffengguang.com.cn}}</ref>

'''Car'''
* [[Fengon Mini EV]] (2022–present), city car
'''SUV'''
* [[Fengon ix5]] (2019–present), compact SUV
* [[Fengon 580]] (2016–present), mid-size SUV
* [[Fengon 500]] (2019–present), subcompact SUV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang S560|Fengon S560]] (2017–present), compact SUV
'''MPV/Minivan'''
* [[Fengon 380|Fengon 380/E380]] (2022–present), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330S|Fengon 330S]] (2019–present), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 330]] (2014–present), compact MPV<gallery widths="180" heights="120">
File:DFSK Fengon 5 1X7A7306.jpg|[[Fengon ix5]]
File:DFSK Fengon 500 IMG 8162.jpg|[[Fengon 500]]
File:Fengon 580 II 002.jpg|[[Fengon 580]]
File:2018 Dongfeng Fengguang S560 (front).jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang S560|Fengon S560]]
File:2022 Fengon 380 001.jpg|[[Fengon 380]]
File:2016 Dongfeng-Fengguang 330, front 8.4.18.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 330]]
File:Dongfeng Fengguang 330S 001.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330S|Fengon 330S]]
File:Fengon Mini EV 01.jpg|[[Fengon Mini EV]]
</gallery>

==== Discontinued model ====
'''SUV'''

* [[Renault Kwid|Fengon E1]] (2020-2023), city car, rebadged Dongfeng Nano EX1
* [[Fengon 500|Fengon E3]] (2019-2022), subcompact SUV, EREV variant of [[Fengon 500]]
* [[Fengon ix7]] (2020-2023), mid-size SUV

'''MPV/Minivan'''
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 370|Fengon 370]] (2016-2020), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 360]] (2015-2017), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 350]] (2016-2020), compact MPV
<gallery widths="180" heights="120">
File:DFSK Fengon 7 1X7A7302.jpg|[[Fengon ix7]]
File:2017 Dongfeng-Fengguang 370, front 8.5.18.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 370|Fengon 370]]
File:Dongfeng Fengguang 360.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 360]]
File:Dongfeng Fengguang 350 -- Auto China -- 2014-04-23.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 350]]
File:Fengon E3 001.jpg|[[Fengon 500|Fengon E3]]
</gallery>

=== DFSK/Dongfeng Sokon (东风小康) ===

The '''DFSK''' is a brand of Seres that produces light commercial vehicles. Currently available products include:

* [[DFSK C-Series|C-Series]]
** Sokon C37/C36
** Sokon C31/C32
* [[DFSK K-Series|K-Series]]
** Sokon K05
** Sokon K07
** Sokon K09
** Sokon K05S
** Sokon K07S
** Sokon K01/K02
* [[DFSK V-Series|V-Series]]
** Sokon V07S- microvan
** Sokon V21- single cab pickup
** Sokon V22- crew cab pickup
** Sokon V25- microvan
** Sokon V26- microvan
** Sokon V27- microvan
** Sokon V29- microvan/ pickup
* Ruichi (瑞驰) [[Electric vehicle|EV]]
** EC35- mid-size van
** EC31- small box truck
** ED75- mid-size van based on a reverse-engineered copy of the Toyota HiAce body

{{gallery|File:2018 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) C37, front 8.8.18.jpg|Sokon C37|File:2018 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) K07S, front 8.8.18.jpg|Sokon K07S|File:2009 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) K07, front 8.3.18.jpg|Sokon K07/K17|File:2014 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) K09, front 8.10.18.jpg|Sokon New K07|File:Dongfeng Sokon V29 China 2014-04-16.jpg|Sokon V29|File:2014 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) V07S, front 8.6.18.jpg|Sokon V07S|File:Dongfeng DFSK V27 Cargo 2014 (14690231661).jpg|Sokon V27 Cargo|File:DFSK V22 Crew Cab 2014 (11214262546).jpg|Sokon V22 Crew Cab|File:Dongfeng DFSK V21 1.3 2014 (13941808715).jpg|Sokon V21|File:2013 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) V21, front 8.7.18.jpg|Sokon V21 (2013)}}

=== Landian ===
Landian is a brand of Seres for budget electric vehicles which was established in March 2023. The word Landian literally means blue electricity (蓝电) in Chinese.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kang/CnEVPost |first=Lei |date=2023-03-30 |title=Seres unveils new NEV brand Landian and 1st model E5 with BYD, Huawei technology |url=https://cnevpost.com/2023/03/30/seres-unveils-new-nev-brand-landian-1st-model-e5/ |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=CnEVPost |language=en-US}}</ref>

* [[Fengon 580#Landian E5|Landian E5]] (2022–present), compact SUV, rebadged [[Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] variant of [[Fengon 580]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suzan |date=2023-06-21 |title=Dongfeng's All-new Electric SUV FENGON Landian E5 may be launched on March 1 {{!}} China Car News, Reviews and More |url=https://www.chinapev.com/dongfeng/dongfeng-fengguang/dongfengs-all-new-electric-suv-fengon-landian-e5-may-be-launched-on-march-1/ |access-date=2023-06-28 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Fengon 500#Landian E3|Landian E3]] (2023–present), subcompact SUV, rebadged [[Fengon 500|Fengon E3]]
<gallery widths="200" heights="120">
File:Landian_E5_at_Auto_Guangzhou_2023_20231126.jpg|[[Fengon 580#Landian E5|Landian E5]]
</gallery>

== See also ==

* [[Automobile manufacturers and brands of China]]
* [[List of automobile manufacturers of China]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{official website|https://www.dfdongfeng.com.cn/}}

{{Dongfeng Motor}}
{{Automotive industry in China}}{{Automotive industry}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Dongfeng Motor joint ventures]]
[[Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Bus manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Truck manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Chinese brands]]
[[Category:Car brands]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Chongqing]]

Ximen Metro Mall

2024-10-08T02:14:05Z

TimWu007: (GR) File renamed: File:TW 台灣 Taiwan 中正區 Zhongzheng District 臺北捷運西門站 Ximen MTR Station tunnel August 2019 SSG 12.jpg → File:Ximen Intelligent Library far view and Ximen Metro Mall plan 20190812.jpg Criterion 3 (obvious error)

{{Infobox shopping mall
| name = Ximen Metro Mall
| native_name = 西門地下街
| native_name_lang = zh
| logo =
| logo_width =
| image = Ximen Intelligent Library far view and Ximen Metro Mall plan 20190812.jpg
| image_width =
| caption =
| location = No. 51-1, Section 1, Zhonghua Road, [[Wanhua District]], [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]]
| coordinates = {{coord|25.045152265419283|N|121.50940264093714|E|type:landmark_region:TW|display=inline,title}}
| address =
| opening_date = December 1, 2002
| closing_date =
| developer =
| manager =
| owner =
| architect =
| number_of_stores =
| number_of_anchors =
| floor_area = {{cvt|3080|m2}}
| floors =
| parking =
| publictransit = [[Ximen metro station]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| embedded =
}}

'''Ximen Metro Mall''' ({{zh|c=西門地下街|p=Xīmén Dìxiàjiē}}) is an [[Subway (underpass)|underpass]] located in [[Wanhua District]], [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]]. It is located directly underneath Zhonghua Road and is connected with [[Ximen metro station]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20170213000353-260107?chdtv|title=(Chinese) 西門地下街可望變動漫基地|publisher=China Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ctwant.com/article/9423|title=(Chinese)台北市西門地下街閒置19年　議員：政府白白損失2億|publisher=ctwant.com}}</ref>

==History==
* In 1999, the construction of Ximen Metro Mall was complete.
* Ximen Metro Mall officially started operation on December 1, 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.tvbs.com.tw/local/377529|title=(Chinese)西門地下街　形同荒廢治安死角|publisher=TVBS News}}</ref>

==Structure==
The total length of the underpass is {{cvt|182|m}}, with 6 entrances and exits, a total floor area is {{cvt|3080|m2}} and a maximum capacity of 1520 people.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tw.appledaily.com/life/20191011/MFS75KUGA6LLTMAP3SPUQRCHBA/|title=(Chinese)北捷才說本業虧損擬砍8折優惠　西門地下街店鋪養蚊19年|publisher=tw.appledaily.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.ebc.net.tw/news/society/66870|title=(Chinese)西門地下街動漫基地？整條沒一間店|publisher=news.ebc.net.tw}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Ximen Intelligent Library far view and Ximen Metro Mall plan 20190812.jpg|Interior
Ximen Metro Mall Plan 20190812.jpg|
Ximen Mall total-areas-in-use and capacity plate and TRTC patrol box 20170624.jpg|
Exit 5, Ximen Mall 20190112.jpg|Exit 5
Ximen Intelligent Library entrance 20170624.jpg|Ximen Intelligent Library
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Zhongshan Metro Mall]]
* [[Taipei City Mall]]
* [[East Metro Mall]]
* [[Station Front Metro Mall]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category}}
{{Shopping malls in Taiwan}}

[[Category:2002 establishments in Taiwan]]
[[Category:Semi-subterranean structures]]
[[Category:Shopping malls in Taipei]]
[[Category:Shopping malls established in 2002]]
[[Category:Underground cities in Taipei]]

{{Taiwan-mall-stub}}

Anyang railway station

2024-10-07T16:35:52Z

TimWu007:

{{Short description|Railway station in Henan, China}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Anyang
| native_name = 安阳
| native_name_lang = zh-Hans
| symbol_location = cn
| symbol = rail
| symbol_location2 =
| symbol2 =
| symbol_location3 =
| symbol3 =
| symbol_location4 =
| symbol4 =
| image = Exterior, Anyang Railway Station 20241002.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| mlanguage = 
| other_name =
| address = 1 Jiefang Road<ref>{{Cite web|title = 客运营业站站点|url = http://www.12306.cn/mormhweb/kyyyz/|website = 12306.cn|accessdate = 2018-08-31| language=Chinese}}</ref>
| borough = [[Beiguan District]], [[Anyang]], [[Henan]]
| country = China
| map_type = China_Henan#China
| map_caption = Location of the station
| coordinates = {{coord|36|06|16.73|N|114|20|24.25|E|display=inline,title}}
| operator = {{rint|cn|rail}} [[CR Zhengzhou]]
| line = {{plainlist|1=
* {{rint|cn|rail}} [[Beijing–Guangzhou railway]]
}}
| distance = {{indented plainlist|1=
*{{cvt|485|km}} from [[Beijing West railway station|Beijing West]]
*{{cvt|1811|km}} from [[Guangzhou railway station|Guangzhou]]
}}
| platforms = 5 (1 side platform and 2 island platforms)
| tracks = 14
| connections = {{plainlist|1=
* Bus terminal
}}
| structure =
| accessible =
| code = {{plainlist|1=
* 20564 (TMIS code) <ref>{{cite book|title=中华人民共和国铁路车站代码（GB/T 10302-2010）|publisher=中国标准出版社|year=2010|isbn=((155066140495))|pages=2|language=zh-cn}}</ref>
* AYF (telegraph code)
* AYA (Pinyin code)
}}
| classification = [[Class 1 station (China Railway)|Class 1 station]] (一等站)
| opened = 1904
| closed =
| former = Zhangde ({{zh|s=彰德}})
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=CR|line=Beijing–Guangzhou|left=Handan|right=Tangyin|to-left=Beijing West}}
}}
'''Anyang railway station''' ({{zh|s=安阳站}}) is a station on the [[Beijing–Guangzhou railway]] in [[Anyang]], [[Henan]]. It is the northernmost station operated by [[CR Zhengzhou]] on the [[Beijing–Guangzhou railway]].

==History==
The station was opened in 1904.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Beijing–Guangzhou Railway}}
{{Central Henan transit}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Henan]]
[[Category:Stations on the Beijing–Guangzhou Railway]]
[[Category:Railway stations in China opened in 1904]]

Anyang railway station

2024-10-06T18:10:00Z

TimWu007:

{{Short description|Railway station in Henan, China}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Anyang
| native_name = 安阳
| native_name_lang = zh-Hans
| symbol_location = cn
| symbol = rail
| symbol_location2 =
| symbol2 =
| symbol_location3 =
| symbol3 =
| symbol_location4 =
| symbol4 =
| image = Exterior, Anyang Railway Station 20241002.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| mlanguage = 
| other_name =
| address = 1 Jiefang Road<ref>{{Cite web|title = 客运营业站站点|url = http://www.12306.cn/mormhweb/kyyyz/|website = 12306.cn|accessdate = 2018-08-31| language=Chinese}}</ref>
| borough = [[Beiguan District]], [[Anyang]], [[Henan]]
| country = China
| map_type = China_Henan#China
| map_caption = Location of the station
| coordinates = {{coord|36|06|16.73|N|114|20|24.25|E|display=inline,title}}
| operator = {{rint|cn|rail}} [[CR Zhengzhou]]
| line = {{plainlist|1=
* {{rint|cn|rail}} [[Beijing–Guangzhou railway]]
}}
| distance = {{indented plainlist|1=
*{{cvt|485|km}} from [[Beijing West railway station|Beijing West]]
*{{cvt|1811|km}} from [[Guangzhou railway station|Guangzhou]]
}}
| platforms = 5 (1 side platform and 2 island platforms)
| tracks = 14
| connections = {{plainlist|1=
* Bus terminal
}}
| structure =
| accessible =
| code = {{plainlist|1=
* 20564 (TMIS code) <ref>{{cite book|title=中华人民共和国铁路车站代码（GB/T 10302-2010）|publisher=中国标准出版社|year=2010|isbn=((155066140495))|pages=2|language=zh-cn}}</ref>
* AYF (telegraph code)
* AYA (Pinyin code)
}}
| classification = [[Class 1 station (China Railway)|Class 1 station]] (一等站)
| opened = 1904
| closed =
| former = Zhangde Fu ({{zh|s=彰德府}})
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=CR|line=Beijing–Guangzhou|left=Handan|right=Tangyin|to-left=Beijing West}}
}}
'''Anyang railway station''' ({{zh|s=安阳站}}) is a station on the [[Beijing–Guangzhou railway]] in [[Anyang]], [[Henan]]. It is the northernmost station operated by [[CR Zhengzhou]] on the [[Beijing–Guangzhou railway]].

==History==
The station was opened in 1904.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Beijing–Guangzhou Railway}}
{{Central Henan transit}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Henan]]
[[Category:Stations on the Beijing–Guangzhou Railway]]
[[Category:Railway stations in China opened in 1904]]

Seres Automobile (Hubei)

2024-10-05T16:11:50Z

TimWu007: /* History */ *Renamed in Oct 2023

{{Short description|Chinese vehicle manufacturer}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Seres Automobile (Hubei) Co., Ltd.
| native_name = 赛力斯汽车（湖北）有限公司
| logo = Dongfeng Sokon (DFSK) logo.svg
| image =
| image_caption =
| founded = {{start date and age|df=y|2003|06|27}}
| products = [[Car|Automobiles]], [[commercial vehicle]]s, [[List of auto parts|auto parts]]
| founders = [[Seres Group]]
| brands = DFSK Fengon (DFSK Glory) 
| romanized_name = Dongfeng Xiaokang
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| website = https://www.dfdongfeng.com.cn/
| parent = [[Seres Group]]
| module = {{Chinese
| child = yes
| s = 东风小康
| t = 東風小康
| p = Dōngfēng Xiǎokāng
| altname =
| w =
| mi =
| y =
| j =
| poj =
| l =
| order = st
}}
}}
'''Seres Automobile (Hubei) Co., Ltd.''' ({{lang-zh|s=赛力斯汽车（湖北）有限公司}}), previously named '''Dongfeng Sokon Automobile''' ({{Lang-zh|c=|s=东风小康|t=|p=Dongfeng Xiaokang}}) and known internationally as '''DFSK Motor''', was a joint venture between [[Dongfeng Motor Corporation|Dongfeng]] and [[Seres Group]] (formerly Sokon Group), formed on June 27, 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/brief-chongqing-sokons-sales-of-vehicles-idUSL3N1GN3KB |title=BRIEF-Chongqing Sokon's sales of vehicles, engines up in Feb |last=Hong Kong newsroom |date=10 March 2017 |website=reuters.com |publisher=Thomson Reuters}}</ref> It is now fully owned by Seres.

DFSK produces [[microvan]]s, flat-bed commercial trucks and passenger vehicles under the '''Sokon''' brand and sport utility vehicle under the '''Fengguang''' (''Fengon'' in English) and '''Glory''' brands.<ref name="dfsk-products">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dfsk.com.pe/index.php/inicio/modelos |title=Modelos |website=dfsk.ch |access-date=2018-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504085351/http://www.dfsk.com.pe/index.php/inicio/modelos |archive-date=2018-05-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Manufacturing for DFSK takes place in a total of four different facilities, two of which are located in [[Hubei]] [[Shiyan]] and two in [[Chongqing]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|title=WELCOME TO DFSK|last=Searles|first=Nathan|website=www.dfsk.com|access-date=2018-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202407/http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|archive-date=2018-09-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== History ==
At the beginning of 2000, [[Sokon|Chongqing Yu'an Innovation Technology (Group)]], a manufacturer of [[motorcycles]] and [[automotive component]]s, and [[Dongfeng Motor]] evaluated the possibility of manufacturing [[microvans]] intended for small Chinese businesses. Dongfeng had experience producing cars for [[Groupe PSA|PSA]], but had not yet produced vehicles in the light commercial segment, and approved the project.

In 2003 the [[joint venture]] ''Dongfeng Yu'an Automobile'', headquartered in [[Chongqing]], was formed and work began on the construction of a new factory. Yu'an Group provided the design for the microvans, and acquired licensing for the production of [[chassis]], [[internal combustion engines|engines]], and components for microvans from [[Suzuki]]. Dongfeng was responsible for the engineering and testing of the vehicles. In 2005, they debuted their first small van, called the C-Series. It was offered in multiple configurations (paneled, passenger minibus and pick-up) with Suzuki engines and [[rear-wheel drive]]. At its debut, the Yu'an Group changed its name to [[Sokon|Chongquin Sokon Industry Group]] (abbreviated to ''Sokon'' in English or ''Sokon'' in Chinese) and the joint venture consequently became Dongfeng Sokon Automobile (abbreviated to DFSK).

In the Chinese market the vehicles are sold as Dongfeng Sokon while in the export markets the name DFSK is used. In both cases, the brand on the grille is Dongfeng's “Dual Wings”.

Subsequently, DFSK presents numerous other models of minivans and starts exporting them also in [[Europe]]; in the [[UK]] they will be distributed by subsidiary Sokon Automobile while in [[Italy]] by [[Giottiline|Giotti Victoria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2017.gonews.it/2017/10/04/giotti-victoria-accordo-al-2020-la-dongfeng/|date=4 November 2017|language=it|title=Giotti Victoria accordo al 2020 la Dongfeng|accessdate=15 October 2021}}</ref>

In September 2003, Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles (瑞驰新能源公司), a fully-funded subsidiary of Chongqing Sokon Group was established. As an enterprise for the manufacturing, sales and services for the pure electric commercial vehicles, Ruichi is one of the earliest enterprises in China with qualifications for the production of pure electric commercial vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.sokon.com/en/businesses/ruichi.html|language=en|title=Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles is committed to becoming a leading brand for the mini electric commercial vehicles.|accessdate=17 February 2023}}</ref> Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles is now a fully-funded subsidiary of [[Seres (automobiles)|Seres]], with products being rebadged electrified versions of DFSK's microvans and trucks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rc-ev.com/cms/p/profile.html|language=zh|title=瑞驰新能源公司简介|accessdate=17 February 2023}}</ref>

In 2013, DFSK decided to enter the lucrative [[Sport Utility Vehicle|SUV]] market by starting the design of a seven-seater mid-size vehicle using Dongfeng technologies; this vehicle was designed so that it could have an aggressive price classifying itself as a low-cost family car and had to be sold both in China and abroad. The project debuted in 2016 called [[Dongfeng Fengguang 580]], a five and seven-seater front-wheel or four-wheel drive SUV with [[Mitsubishi Motors|Mitsubishi]] engines. The brand name Fengguang (translated into Fengon in English) is used to distinguish them from the production of minivans called Sokon. On foreign markets, this vehicle will be renamed DFSK Glory (easier to pronounce) using the Dongfeng Dual Wings emblem on the grille, interior and rear.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

In the same years, the production of the minivan range was started in Indonesia and Thailand and exports also to South America and Eastern Europe.

DFSK began to assemble and market products in Indonesia in 2015.<ref name="indones">{{Cite web |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/07/27/chinese-car-be-produced-indonesia.html |title=Chinese car to be produced in Indonesia |last=Amianti |first=Grace |date=27 July 2015 |website=thejakartapost.com |publisher=The Jakarta Post}}</ref> Plans at the time of launch included an expected production of 50,000 units/year.<ref name="indones" />

In 2017, joint venture of DFSK and [https://dfskpakistan.com Regal Automobile] began assembly in [[Pakistan]]. Plant in [[Lahore]] producing SUV [https://dfskpakistan.com/glory-580-pro/ Glory 580] variants, C-37 Van, [https://dfskpakistan.com/humsafar-van/ Humsafar] MPV, K01 Pickup truck etc.

Total sales in 2017 reached 402,000 vehicles and in November 2018 Chongqing Sokon Group attempted to acquire the remaining 50% of the DFSK joint venture from Dongfeng for 621 million euros, becoming 100% owner. The deal was abandoned in July 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/70015386.html|title=Sokon to wholly own Dongfeng Sokon at expense of 26.01% stake offered to Dongfeng Motor Corporation|accessdate=16 October 2021|date = 18 November 2018}}</ref>

In September 2019, Sokon acquired the remaining 50% of the DFSK joint venture from Dongfeng. Seres continued to produce vehicles using the Dongfeng logo and under the DFSK brand while phasing out the Dongfeng logo on the Fengguang brand after it was renamed to Fengon.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.autothinker.net/Home/Publicsentiment/daily_express_details/id/162888/date/2020-04-16.html | title=东风小康成为小康股份全资子公司-Auto Thinker汽车智库平台 }}</ref>

In April 2020, Chongqing Sokon Industrial Group purchased 50% of DFSK's equity from Dongfeng Motor Group, making DFSK a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sokon Group.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://auto.sina.com.cn/news/hy/2020-04-03/detail-iimxyqwa4906642.shtml?hpid=00041 |title=小康股份全资控股东风小康获批 |work=新浪汽车 |date=2020-04-03 |accessdate=2023-09-28 |url-status=live |archive-date=2023-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928010018/https://auto.sina.com.cn/news/hy/2020-04-03/detail-iimxyqwa4906642.shtml?hpid=00041 }}</ref> As of 2021, DFSK has a total of 4 production bases in China, two of which are located in Shiyan, Hubei and two in Chongqing.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WELCOME TO DFSK|url=http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|accessdate=2018-09-08|author=Searles|first=Nathan|work=www.dfsk.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202407/http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|archivedate=2018-09-08}}</ref>

In October 2023, Dongfeng Sokon Automobile was renamed to Seres Automobile (Hubei).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Li |first=Na |date=2023-10-12 |script-title=zh:注册资本8亿东风小康公司更名赛力斯 |trans-title=Dongfeng Sokon changed its name to Seres with registered capital of RMB 800 million |url=https://www.autohome.com.cn/article?id=86btz_wP9HE= |url-status=live |access-date=2024-10-05 |work=Autohome |language=zh}}</ref>

==Products==

=== Fengon ===
'''Fengon''' (or '''DFSK Glory''' for foreign markets) formerly known as '''Dongfeng Fengguang (东风风光)''', is the sub-brand of Seres that produces passenger vehicles. Established in 2008, Fengon brand targets at affordable compact MPVs and SUVs. It used to be a joint-venture brand with [[Dongfeng Motor Group|Dongfeng Group]] but was fully acquired by Seres Group in 2022. The Fengon brand began to replace the former Dongfeng logo and replaced it with its own Fengon logo in models after the acquisition.

==== Current model ====
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=FENGON风光官网 |url=https://www.dffengguang.com.cn/ |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=www.dffengguang.com.cn}}</ref>

'''Car'''
* [[Fengon Mini EV]] (2022–present), city car
'''SUV'''
* [[Fengon ix5]] (2019–present), compact SUV
* [[Fengon 580]] (2016–present), mid-size SUV
* [[Fengon 500]] (2019–present), subcompact SUV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang S560|Fengon S560]] (2017–present), compact SUV
'''MPV/Minivan'''
* [[Fengon 380|Fengon 380/E380]] (2022–present), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330S|Fengon 330S]] (2019–present), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 330]] (2014–present), compact MPV<gallery widths="180" heights="120">
File:DFSK Fengon 5 1X7A7306.jpg|[[Fengon ix5]]
File:DFSK Fengon 500 IMG 8162.jpg|[[Fengon 500]]
File:Fengon 580 II 002.jpg|[[Fengon 580]]
File:2018 Dongfeng Fengguang S560 (front).jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang S560|Fengon S560]]
File:2022 Fengon 380 001.jpg|[[Fengon 380]]
File:2016 Dongfeng-Fengguang 330, front 8.4.18.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 330]]
File:Dongfeng Fengguang 330S 001.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330S|Fengon 330S]]
File:Fengon Mini EV 01.jpg|[[Fengon Mini EV]]
</gallery>

==== Discontinued model ====
'''SUV'''

* [[Renault Kwid|Fengon E1]] (2020-2023), city car, rebadged Dongfeng Nano EX1
* [[Fengon 500|Fengon E3]] (2019-2022), subcompact SUV, EREV variant of [[Fengon 500]]
* [[Fengon ix7]] (2020-2023), mid-size SUV

'''MPV/Minivan'''
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 370|Fengon 370]] (2016-2020), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 360]] (2015-2017), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 350]] (2016-2020), compact MPV
<gallery widths="180" heights="120">
File:DFSK Fengon 7 1X7A7302.jpg|[[Fengon ix7]]
File:2017 Dongfeng-Fengguang 370, front 8.5.18.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 370|Fengon 370]]
File:Dongfeng Fengguang 360.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 360]]
File:Dongfeng Fengguang 350 -- Auto China -- 2014-04-23.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 350]]
File:Fengon E3 001.jpg|[[Fengon 500|Fengon E3]]
</gallery>

=== DFSK/Dongfeng Sokon (东风小康) ===

The '''DFSK''' is a brand of Seres that produces light commercial vehicles. Currently available products include:

* [[DFSK C-Series|C-Series]]
** Sokon C37/C36
** Sokon C31/C32
* [[DFSK K-Series|K-Series]]
** Sokon K05
** Sokon K07
** Sokon K09
** Sokon K05S
** Sokon K07S
** Sokon K01/K02
* [[DFSK V-Series|V-Series]]
** Sokon V07S- microvan
** Sokon V21- single cab pickup
** Sokon V22- crew cab pickup
** Sokon V25- microvan
** Sokon V26- microvan
** Sokon V27- microvan
** Sokon V29- microvan/ pickup
* Ruichi (瑞驰) [[Electric vehicle|EV]]
** EC35- mid-size van
** EC31- small box truck
** ED75- mid-size van based on a reverse-engineered copy of the Toyota HiAce body

{{gallery|File:2018 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) C37, front 8.8.18.jpg|Sokon C37|File:2018 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) K07S, front 8.8.18.jpg|Sokon K07S|File:2009 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) K07, front 8.3.18.jpg|Sokon K07/K17|File:2014 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) K09, front 8.10.18.jpg|Sokon New K07|File:Dongfeng Sokon V29 China 2014-04-16.jpg|Sokon V29|File:2014 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) V07S, front 8.6.18.jpg|Sokon V07S|File:Dongfeng DFSK V27 Cargo 2014 (14690231661).jpg|Sokon V27 Cargo|File:DFSK V22 Crew Cab 2014 (11214262546).jpg|Sokon V22 Crew Cab|File:Dongfeng DFSK V21 1.3 2014 (13941808715).jpg|Sokon V21|File:2013 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) V21, front 8.7.18.jpg|Sokon V21 (2013)}}

=== Landian ===
Landian is a brand of Seres for budget electric vehicles which was established in March 2023. The word Landian literally means blue electricity (蓝电) in Chinese.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kang/CnEVPost |first=Lei |date=2023-03-30 |title=Seres unveils new NEV brand Landian and 1st model E5 with BYD, Huawei technology |url=https://cnevpost.com/2023/03/30/seres-unveils-new-nev-brand-landian-1st-model-e5/ |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=CnEVPost |language=en-US}}</ref>

* [[Fengon 580#Landian E5|Landian E5]] (2022–present), compact SUV, rebadged [[Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] variant of [[Fengon 580]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suzan |date=2023-06-21 |title=Dongfeng's All-new Electric SUV FENGON Landian E5 may be launched on March 1 {{!}} China Car News, Reviews and More |url=https://www.chinapev.com/dongfeng/dongfeng-fengguang/dongfengs-all-new-electric-suv-fengon-landian-e5-may-be-launched-on-march-1/ |access-date=2023-06-28 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Fengon 500#Landian E3|Landian E3]] (2023–present), subcompact SUV, rebadged [[Fengon 500|Fengon E3]]
<gallery widths="200" heights="120">
File:Landian_E5_at_Auto_Guangzhou_2023_20231126.jpg|[[Fengon 580#Landian E5|Landian E5]]
</gallery>

== See also ==

* [[Automobile manufacturers and brands of China]]
* [[List of automobile manufacturers of China]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{official website|https://www.dfdongfeng.com.cn/}}

{{Dongfeng Motor}}
{{Automotive industry in China}}{{Automotive industry}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Dongfeng Motor joint ventures]]
[[Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Bus manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Truck manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Chinese brands]]
[[Category:Car brands]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Chongqing]]

Hyptec SSR

2024-10-05T16:06:20Z

TimWu007:

{{Short description|Future Chinese electric sports car}}
{{Infobox electric vehicle
| name = Hyptec SSR
| image = Aion Hyper SSR 006.jpg
| caption =
| manufacturer = [[GAC Aion]]
| aka = Hyper SSR (2023–2024)
| assembly = China: [[Guangzhou]]
| production = 2023–present
| successor =
| class = [[Sports car]] ([[S-segment|S]])
| designer = Pontus Fontaeus (exterior) Don Kabongo (interior)
| body_style = 2-door [[coupe]]
| layout =
| platform = AEP 3.0
| doors = [[Scissor doors]]
| engine =
| motor =
| transmission =
| powerout = {{convert|900|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}}
| drivetrain = {{unbulleted list
| [[Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Mid-motor, rear-wheel-drive]] (Hyptec SSR)
| [[Rear mid-engine, four-wheel-drive layout|Mid-motor, four-wheel-drive]] (Hyptec SSR Sprint Speed/Hyptec SSR Ultimate Track)
}}
| battery = 74.69 kWh [[Lithium-ion battery|Li-ion battery]]
| electric_range = {{cvt|506|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} (CLTC)
| wheelbase = {{cvt|2650|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{cvt|4556|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{cvt|1988|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{cvt|1230|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{cvt|NNNN|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
| related =
}}

The '''Hyptec SSR''' ({{zh|c=昊铂SSR|p=Hàobó SSR}}) or previously '''Hyper SSR''' is an [[electric car|electric]] [[sports car]] to be produced by [[China|Chinese]] automobile manufacturer [[GAC Aion]] and sold under the [[Hyptec]] premium EV brand beginning in 2023. The Hyper SSR will be the first production 2-door supercar by GAC.

In August 2024, GAC Aion announced to rename the Hyper brand's English name to '''Hyptec.'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=昊铂官方更改全新品牌英文名命名正式改为“HYPTEC”_易车 |url=https://news.yiche.com/zonghexinwen/20240805/1593257870.html |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=news.yiche.com}}</ref>

==Overview==
[[File:Aion Hyper SSR 06.jpg|left|thumb|Rear view]]
[[File:Aion Hyper SSR 003.jpg|left|thumb|Interior]]
The Hyptec SSR was first previewed by the [[GAC Enpulse]] electric [[roadster (automobile)|roadster]] concept, revealed at [[Auto China]] in [[Beijing]] in September 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.carscoops.com/2020/09/gac-enpulse-all-electric-roadster-concept-will-get-your-pulse-racing/|title=GAC Enpulse All-Electric Roadster Concept Will Get Your Pulse Racing|website=Carscoops|first=Dan|last=Mihalascu|date=29 September 2020|accessdate=15 September 2022}}</ref>

On September 14, 2022, GAC revealed on [[Sina Weibo|Weibo]] that a new sports car and Aion brand logo would be revealed the following day at an event called GAC Aion Brand Day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://carnewschina.com/2022/09/14/gac-aion-to-issue-new-logo-and-hyper-ev-on-september-15/|title=GAC AION To Issue Crazy Hyper EV Concept on September 15|website=CarNewsChina.com|first=Allen|last=Yang|date=14 September 2022|accessdate=15 September 2022}}</ref> On the 15th, the Aion Hyper SSR was revealed wearing the Aion brand's new logo.<ref name="cnc">{{cite web|url=https://carnewschina.com/2022/09/15/gac-aion-officially-launched-1-9s-0-100km-h-acceleration-hyper-ev/|title=GAC AION Officially Launched Aion Hyper SSR with 1.9s 0-100km/h Acceleration performance|website=CarNewsChina.com|first=Allen|last=Yang|date=15 September 2022|accessdate=15 September 2022}}</ref>

The Hyptec SSR will have starting price of [[Renminbi|RMB]] 1.3 million (~[[US$]]186,000) while the Hyper SSR Ultimate model will start at RMB 1.7 million (US$244,000). Production and deliveries of the car began in October 2023.<ref name="cnc"/> As of March 2023, the production line is started, and some units of Hyper SSR were made.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://carnewschina.com/2023/03/20/chinas-first-ev-supercar-aion-hyper-ssr-spotted-on-production-line/|title="China's first EV supercar" – Aion Hyper SSR – spotted on production line|website=CarNewsChina.com|first=Hillary|last=Princewill|date=20 March 2023|accessdate=23 June 2023}}</ref>
In December 2023, GAC Aion launched the Hyper SSR in Thailand as Chinese-built left-hand drive version only.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-12-11|title=เปิดรับจองในไทย Pre-Booking รถไฟฟ้า100% GAC Aion Hyper SSR ค่าตัว 7890000 บาท|url=https://m.facebook.com/100079684176852/posts/349135427752594/|access-date=2023-12-19|publisher=Autolifethailand|language=th}}</ref>

==Specifications==
===Technical specs===
The Hyptec SSR Ultimate Track model has a {{cvt|0-100|kph|mph}} time of 1.9 seconds while standard Hyper SSR has a {{cvt|0-100|kph|mph}} time of 2.3 seconds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cnevpost.com/2022/09/15/gac-aion-unveils-hyper-ssr-electric-supercar/|title=GAC Aion unveils Hyper SSR electric supercar, boasting acceleration to 100 km/h in 1.9 seconds|website=CnEVPost|first=Phate|last=Zhang|date=15 September 2022|accessdate=25 June 2023}}</ref> The standard Hyper SSR uses a [[Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|mid-motor, rear-wheel-drive layout]] while the Hyper SSR Ultimate has a [[Rear mid-engine, four-wheel-drive layout|mid-motor, four-wheel-drive layout]].<ref name="cnc"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%;"
|+Specs<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hyper.com.cn/vehicle/config/table?alias=hyper_ssr&cid=46 | title=昊铂 }}</ref>
!Model!!Years!!Layout!!Power!!Torque!!0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) (Official)
|-
|Hyptec SSR
|rowspan=2|2023–present
|RWD
|rowspan=2|{{convert|900|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}}
|rowspan=2|{{convert|1230|Nm|lb.ft kgm|0|abbr=on}}
|2.3 s
|-
|Hyptec SSR Sprint Speed Hyptec SSR Ultimate Track
|AWD
|1.9 s
|}

===Design===
The Hyptec SSR retains many design cues of the 2020 GAC Enpulse concept car, such as its [[scissor doors]] and a similar side profile. However, unlike the Enpulse, the Hyper SSR does not have convertible roof.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.carscoops.com/2022/09/the-gac-aion-hyper-ssr-is-chinas-first-electric-supercar-and-it-can-do-0-60-in-1-9-sec/|title=The GAC Aion Hyper SSR Is China's First Electric Supercar And It Can Do 0-60 In 1.9-Sec|website=Carscoops|first=Stephen|last=Rivers|date=15 September 2022|accessdate=16 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="cnc"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Aion vehicles}}

[[Category:Aion vehicles|Hyper SSR]]
[[Category:2020s cars]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 2022]]
[[Category:Cars of China]]
[[Category:Production electric cars]]
[[Category:Electric sports cars]]

{{modern-auto-stub}}

Seres Automobile (Hubei)

2024-10-05T16:02:34Z

TimWu007: /* Products */

{{Short description|Chinese vehicle manufacturer}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Seres Automobile (Hubei) Co., Ltd.
| native_name = 赛力斯汽车（湖北）有限公司
| logo = Dongfeng Sokon (DFSK) logo.svg
| image =
| image_caption =
| founded = {{start date and age|df=y|2003|06|27}}
| products = [[Car|Automobiles]], [[commercial vehicle]]s, [[List of auto parts|auto parts]]
| founders = [[Seres Group]]
| brands = DFSK Fengon (DFSK Glory) 
| romanized_name = Dongfeng Xiaokang
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| website = https://www.dfdongfeng.com.cn/
| parent = [[Seres Group]]
| module = {{Chinese
| child = yes
| s = 东风小康
| t = 東風小康
| p = Dōngfēng Xiǎokāng
| altname =
| w =
| mi =
| y =
| j =
| poj =
| l =
| order = st
}}
}}
'''Seres Automobile (Hubei) Co., Ltd.''' ({{lang-zh|s=赛力斯汽车（湖北）有限公司}}), previously named '''Dongfeng Sokon Automobile''' ({{Lang-zh|c=|s=东风小康|t=|p=Dongfeng Xiaokang}}) and known internationally as '''DFSK Motor''', was a joint venture between [[Dongfeng Motor Corporation|Dongfeng]] and [[Seres Group]] (formerly Sokon Group), formed on June 27, 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/brief-chongqing-sokons-sales-of-vehicles-idUSL3N1GN3KB |title=BRIEF-Chongqing Sokon's sales of vehicles, engines up in Feb |last=Hong Kong newsroom |date=10 March 2017 |website=reuters.com |publisher=Thomson Reuters}}</ref> It is now fully owned by Seres.

DFSK produces [[microvan]]s, flat-bed commercial trucks and passenger vehicles under the '''Sokon''' brand and sport utility vehicle under the '''Fengguang''' (''Fengon'' in English) and '''Glory''' brands.<ref name="dfsk-products">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dfsk.com.pe/index.php/inicio/modelos |title=Modelos |website=dfsk.ch |access-date=2018-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504085351/http://www.dfsk.com.pe/index.php/inicio/modelos |archive-date=2018-05-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Manufacturing for DFSK takes place in a total of four different facilities, two of which are located in [[Hubei]] [[Shiyan]] and two in [[Chongqing]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|title=WELCOME TO DFSK|last=Searles|first=Nathan|website=www.dfsk.com|access-date=2018-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202407/http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|archive-date=2018-09-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== History ==
At the beginning of 2000, [[Sokon|Chongqing Yu'an Innovation Technology (Group)]], a manufacturer of [[motorcycles]] and [[automotive component]]s, and [[Dongfeng Motor]] evaluated the possibility of manufacturing [[microvans]] intended for small Chinese businesses. Dongfeng had experience producing cars for [[Groupe PSA|PSA]], but had not yet produced vehicles in the light commercial segment, and approved the project.

In 2003 the [[joint venture]] ''Dongfeng Yu'an Automobile'', headquartered in [[Chongqing]], was formed and work began on the construction of a new factory. Yu'an Group provided the design for the microvans, and acquired licensing for the production of [[chassis]], [[internal combustion engines|engines]], and components for microvans from [[Suzuki]]. Dongfeng was responsible for the engineering and testing of the vehicles. In 2005, they debuted their first small van, called the C-Series. It was offered in multiple configurations (paneled, passenger minibus and pick-up) with Suzuki engines and [[rear-wheel drive]]. At its debut, the Yu'an Group changed its name to [[Sokon|Chongquin Sokon Industry Group]] (abbreviated to ''Sokon'' in English or ''Sokon'' in Chinese) and the joint venture consequently became Dongfeng Sokon Automobile (abbreviated to DFSK).

In the Chinese market the vehicles are sold as Dongfeng Sokon while in the export markets the name DFSK is used. In both cases, the brand on the grille is Dongfeng's “Dual Wings”.

Subsequently, DFSK presents numerous other models of minivans and starts exporting them also in [[Europe]]; in the [[UK]] they will be distributed by subsidiary Sokon Automobile while in [[Italy]] by [[Giottiline|Giotti Victoria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2017.gonews.it/2017/10/04/giotti-victoria-accordo-al-2020-la-dongfeng/|date=4 November 2017|language=it|title=Giotti Victoria accordo al 2020 la Dongfeng|accessdate=15 October 2021}}</ref>

In September 2003, Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles (瑞驰新能源公司), a fully-funded subsidiary of Chongqing Sokon Group was established. As an enterprise for the manufacturing, sales and services for the pure electric commercial vehicles, Ruichi is one of the earliest enterprises in China with qualifications for the production of pure electric commercial vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.sokon.com/en/businesses/ruichi.html|language=en|title=Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles is committed to becoming a leading brand for the mini electric commercial vehicles.|accessdate=17 February 2023}}</ref> Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles is now a fully-funded subsidiary of [[Seres (automobiles)|Seres]], with products being rebadged electrified versions of DFSK's microvans and trucks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rc-ev.com/cms/p/profile.html|language=zh|title=瑞驰新能源公司简介|accessdate=17 February 2023}}</ref>

In 2013, DFSK decided to enter the lucrative [[Sport Utility Vehicle|SUV]] market by starting the design of a seven-seater mid-size vehicle using Dongfeng technologies; this vehicle was designed so that it could have an aggressive price classifying itself as a low-cost family car and had to be sold both in China and abroad. The project debuted in 2016 called [[Dongfeng Fengguang 580]], a five and seven-seater front-wheel or four-wheel drive SUV with [[Mitsubishi Motors|Mitsubishi]] engines. The brand name Fengguang (translated into Fengon in English) is used to distinguish them from the production of minivans called Sokon. On foreign markets, this vehicle will be renamed DFSK Glory (easier to pronounce) using the Dongfeng Dual Wings emblem on the grille, interior and rear.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

In the same years, the production of the minivan range was started in Indonesia and Thailand and exports also to South America and Eastern Europe.

DFSK began to assemble and market products in Indonesia in 2015.<ref name="indones">{{Cite web |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/07/27/chinese-car-be-produced-indonesia.html |title=Chinese car to be produced in Indonesia |last=Amianti |first=Grace |date=27 July 2015 |website=thejakartapost.com |publisher=The Jakarta Post}}</ref> Plans at the time of launch included an expected production of 50,000 units/year.<ref name="indones" />

In 2017, joint venture of DFSK and [https://dfskpakistan.com Regal Automobile] began assembly in [[Pakistan]]. Plant in [[Lahore]] producing SUV [https://dfskpakistan.com/glory-580-pro/ Glory 580] variants, C-37 Van, [https://dfskpakistan.com/humsafar-van/ Humsafar] MPV, K01 Pickup truck etc.

Total sales in 2017 reached 402,000 vehicles and in November 2018 Chongqing Sokon Group attempted to acquire the remaining 50% of the DFSK joint venture from Dongfeng for 621 million euros, becoming 100% owner. The deal was abandoned in July 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/70015386.html|title=Sokon to wholly own Dongfeng Sokon at expense of 26.01% stake offered to Dongfeng Motor Corporation|accessdate=16 October 2021|date = 18 November 2018}}</ref>

In September 2019, Sokon acquired the remaining 50% of the DFSK joint venture from Dongfeng. Seres continued to produce vehicles using the Dongfeng logo and under the DFSK brand while phasing out the Dongfeng logo on the Fengguang brand after it was renamed to Fengon.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.autothinker.net/Home/Publicsentiment/daily_express_details/id/162888/date/2020-04-16.html | title=东风小康成为小康股份全资子公司-Auto Thinker汽车智库平台 }}</ref>

In April 2020, Chongqing Sokon Industrial Group purchased 50% of DFSK's equity from Dongfeng Motor Group, making DFSK a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sokon Group.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://auto.sina.com.cn/news/hy/2020-04-03/detail-iimxyqwa4906642.shtml?hpid=00041 |title=小康股份全资控股东风小康获批 |work=新浪汽车 |date=2020-04-03 |accessdate=2023-09-28 |url-status=live |archive-date=2023-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928010018/https://auto.sina.com.cn/news/hy/2020-04-03/detail-iimxyqwa4906642.shtml?hpid=00041 }}</ref> As of 2021, DFSK has a total of 4 production bases in China, two of which are located in Shiyan, Hubei and two in Chongqing.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WELCOME TO DFSK|url=http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|accessdate=2018-09-08|author=Searles|first=Nathan|work=www.dfsk.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202407/http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|archivedate=2018-09-08}}</ref>

In August 2023, Dongfeng Sokon Automobile was renamed to Seres Automobile (Hubei).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Li |first=Na |date=2023-10-12 |script-title=zh:注册资本8亿东风小康公司更名赛力斯 |trans-title=Dongfeng Sokon changed its name to Seres with registered capital of RMB 800 million |url=https://www.autohome.com.cn/article?id=86btz_wP9HE= |url-status=live |access-date=2024-10-05 |work=Autohome |language=zh}}</ref>

==Products==

=== Fengon ===
'''Fengon''' (or '''DFSK Glory''' for foreign markets) formerly known as '''Dongfeng Fengguang (东风风光)''', is the sub-brand of Seres that produces passenger vehicles. Established in 2008, Fengon brand targets at affordable compact MPVs and SUVs. It used to be a joint-venture brand with [[Dongfeng Motor Group|Dongfeng Group]] but was fully acquired by Seres Group in 2022. The Fengon brand began to replace the former Dongfeng logo and replaced it with its own Fengon logo in models after the acquisition.

==== Current model ====
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=FENGON风光官网 |url=https://www.dffengguang.com.cn/ |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=www.dffengguang.com.cn}}</ref>

'''Car'''
* [[Fengon Mini EV]] (2022–present), city car
'''SUV'''
* [[Fengon ix5]] (2019–present), compact SUV
* [[Fengon 580]] (2016–present), mid-size SUV
* [[Fengon 500]] (2019–present), subcompact SUV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang S560|Fengon S560]] (2017–present), compact SUV
'''MPV/Minivan'''
* [[Fengon 380|Fengon 380/E380]] (2022–present), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330S|Fengon 330S]] (2019–present), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 330]] (2014–present), compact MPV<gallery widths="180" heights="120">
File:DFSK Fengon 5 1X7A7306.jpg|[[Fengon ix5]]
File:DFSK Fengon 500 IMG 8162.jpg|[[Fengon 500]]
File:Fengon 580 II 002.jpg|[[Fengon 580]]
File:2018 Dongfeng Fengguang S560 (front).jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang S560|Fengon S560]]
File:2022 Fengon 380 001.jpg|[[Fengon 380]]
File:2016 Dongfeng-Fengguang 330, front 8.4.18.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 330]]
File:Dongfeng Fengguang 330S 001.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330S|Fengon 330S]]
File:Fengon Mini EV 01.jpg|[[Fengon Mini EV]]
</gallery>

==== Discontinued model ====
'''SUV'''

* [[Renault Kwid|Fengon E1]] (2020-2023), city car, rebadged Dongfeng Nano EX1
* [[Fengon 500|Fengon E3]] (2019-2022), subcompact SUV, EREV variant of [[Fengon 500]]
* [[Fengon ix7]] (2020-2023), mid-size SUV

'''MPV/Minivan'''
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 370|Fengon 370]] (2016-2020), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 360]] (2015-2017), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 350]] (2016-2020), compact MPV
<gallery widths="180" heights="120">
File:DFSK Fengon 7 1X7A7302.jpg|[[Fengon ix7]]
File:2017 Dongfeng-Fengguang 370, front 8.5.18.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 370|Fengon 370]]
File:Dongfeng Fengguang 360.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 360]]
File:Dongfeng Fengguang 350 -- Auto China -- 2014-04-23.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 350]]
File:Fengon E3 001.jpg|[[Fengon 500|Fengon E3]]
</gallery>

=== DFSK/Dongfeng Sokon (东风小康) ===

The '''DFSK''' is a brand of Seres that produces light commercial vehicles. Currently available products include:

* [[DFSK C-Series|C-Series]]
** Sokon C37/C36
** Sokon C31/C32
* [[DFSK K-Series|K-Series]]
** Sokon K05
** Sokon K07
** Sokon K09
** Sokon K05S
** Sokon K07S
** Sokon K01/K02
* [[DFSK V-Series|V-Series]]
** Sokon V07S- microvan
** Sokon V21- single cab pickup
** Sokon V22- crew cab pickup
** Sokon V25- microvan
** Sokon V26- microvan
** Sokon V27- microvan
** Sokon V29- microvan/ pickup
* Ruichi (瑞驰) [[Electric vehicle|EV]]
** EC35- mid-size van
** EC31- small box truck
** ED75- mid-size van based on a reverse-engineered copy of the Toyota HiAce body

{{gallery|File:2018 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) C37, front 8.8.18.jpg|Sokon C37|File:2018 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) K07S, front 8.8.18.jpg|Sokon K07S|File:2009 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) K07, front 8.3.18.jpg|Sokon K07/K17|File:2014 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) K09, front 8.10.18.jpg|Sokon New K07|File:Dongfeng Sokon V29 China 2014-04-16.jpg|Sokon V29|File:2014 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) V07S, front 8.6.18.jpg|Sokon V07S|File:Dongfeng DFSK V27 Cargo 2014 (14690231661).jpg|Sokon V27 Cargo|File:DFSK V22 Crew Cab 2014 (11214262546).jpg|Sokon V22 Crew Cab|File:Dongfeng DFSK V21 1.3 2014 (13941808715).jpg|Sokon V21|File:2013 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) V21, front 8.7.18.jpg|Sokon V21 (2013)}}

=== Landian ===
Landian is a brand of Seres for budget electric vehicles which was established in March 2023. The word Landian literally means blue electricity (蓝电) in Chinese.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kang/CnEVPost |first=Lei |date=2023-03-30 |title=Seres unveils new NEV brand Landian and 1st model E5 with BYD, Huawei technology |url=https://cnevpost.com/2023/03/30/seres-unveils-new-nev-brand-landian-1st-model-e5/ |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=CnEVPost |language=en-US}}</ref>

* [[Fengon 580#Landian E5|Landian E5]] (2022–present), compact SUV, rebadged [[Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] variant of [[Fengon 580]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suzan |date=2023-06-21 |title=Dongfeng's All-new Electric SUV FENGON Landian E5 may be launched on March 1 {{!}} China Car News, Reviews and More |url=https://www.chinapev.com/dongfeng/dongfeng-fengguang/dongfengs-all-new-electric-suv-fengon-landian-e5-may-be-launched-on-march-1/ |access-date=2023-06-28 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Fengon 500#Landian E3|Landian E3]] (2023–present), subcompact SUV, rebadged [[Fengon 500|Fengon E3]]
<gallery widths="200" heights="120">
File:Landian_E5_at_Auto_Guangzhou_2023_20231126.jpg|[[Fengon 580#Landian E5|Landian E5]]
</gallery>

== See also ==

* [[Automobile manufacturers and brands of China]]
* [[List of automobile manufacturers of China]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{official website|https://www.dfdongfeng.com.cn/}}

{{Dongfeng Motor}}
{{Automotive industry in China}}{{Automotive industry}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Dongfeng Motor joint ventures]]
[[Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Bus manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Truck manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Chinese brands]]
[[Category:Car brands]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Chongqing]]

Seres Automobile

2024-10-05T16:02:03Z

TimWu007: /* Landian */ Chongqing Seres Landian Automobile is fully-owned by Seres Hubei

{{Short description|Electric vehicle brand}}
{{distinguish|Seres Automobile (Hubei)}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Seres
| logo = Seres Automobile (2023) Logo.png
| logo_size =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| type = [[Private company|Private]]
| traded_as =
| industry = {{unbulleted list
| [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| [[Energy storage]]
}}
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2016|1}}
| founders = Xinghai Zhang
| hq_location_city = [[Santa Clara, California]]
| hq_location_country = United States
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{unbulleted list
| John Zhang (CEO)
| Yifan Tang (CTO)
| [[Martin Eberhard]] (lead scientist)
}}
| products =
| num_employees =
| num_employees_year =
| parent = [[Seres Group]]
| website = {{URL|www.global-seres.com}}
}}

{{Use American English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2015}}
[[File:SFMotors.jpg|thumb|Logo used as SF Motors during 2016-2018]]
'''Seres''' (formerly '''SF Motors''')<ref name="CNET2019">{{Cite web |last=Hyatt |first=Kyle |date=2019-04-14 |title=SF Motors is back as Seres, debuting the electric SF5 SUV in Shanghai |url=https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/sf-motors-now-seres-sf5-suv-electric-shanghai/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525014056/https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/sf-motors-now-seres-sf5-suv-electric-shanghai/ |archive-date=2022-05-25 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=[[CNET]] |language=en}}</ref> is a brand of [[electric vehicle]] marketed by [[Seres Group]] (formerly Chongqing Sokon Industry Group<ref name="FT601127SHH">{{Cite web |title=Seres Group Co Ltd, 601127:SHH profile |url=https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/profile?s=601127:SHH |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313035644/https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/profile?s=601127:SHH |archive-date=2023-03-13 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=[[Financial Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ShanghaiStock601127_2022-070">{{Cite web |url=https://static.sse.com.cn/disclosure/listedinfo/announcement/c/new/2022-07-12/601127_20220712_4_o7C7Bz9u.pdf |date=2022-07-12 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=[[Shanghai Stock Exchange]] |last=重庆小康工业集团股份有限公司董事会 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313145405/https://static.sse.com.cn/disclosure/listedinfo/announcement/c/new/2022-07-12/601127_20220712_4_o7C7Bz9u.pdf |archive-date=2023-03-13 |url-status=live |author-link=Sokon |language=zh |script-title=zh:重庆小康工业集团股份有限公司关于拟变更公司名称、证券简称的公告 |trans-title=Chongqing Sokon Industrial Group Co., Ltd name change and stock symbol change |id=601127 2022-070}} (listed under [http://www.sse.com.cn/home/search/?webswd=601127 赛力斯 ( 601127 )] 公告)
* new name: {{Lang-zh|s=赛力斯集团股份有限公司}} / Seres Group Co., Ltd.
* current name: {{Lang-zh|s=重庆小康工业集团股份有限公司}} / Chongqing Sokon Industrial Group Co., Ltd.
</ref>). Several of the group's subsidiaries are also named "Seres".

'''Seres Automobile Co., Ltd.''' ({{Lang-zh|s=赛力斯汽车有限公司}}) (formerly Chongqing Jinkang New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd.<ref name="EUchamber2019">translation of the company name: {{Cite web |title=Plant Visit: Liangjiang Intelligent Plant of Chongqing Jinkang New Energy Vehicle Co., Ltd 重庆金康新能源汽车有限公司两江智能工厂参观 |url=https://www.europeanchamber.com.cn/en/upcoming-events/15918/Plant_Visit_Liangjiang_Intelligent_Plant_of_Chongqing_Jinkang_New_Energy_Vehicle_Co._Ltd_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313142230/https://www.europeanchamber.com.cn/en/upcoming-events/15918/Plant_Visit_Liangjiang_Intelligent_Plant_of_Chongqing_Jinkang_New_Energy_Vehicle_Co._Ltd_ |archive-date=2023-03-13 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=[[European Union Chamber of Commerce in China]] |language=en}}</ref>)<ref name="SeresGroupFR2022-1H">{{Cite web |url=https://www.seres.cn/uploads/soft/20220822/1661138044.pdf |date=2022-08-19 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=Seres Group ([[Sokon]]) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313074716/https://www.seres.cn/uploads/soft/20220822/1661138044.pdf |archive-date=2023-03-13 |url-status=live |pages=4, 17 |language=zh |script-title=zh:赛力斯集团股份有限公司 2022年半年度报告 |trans-title=Seres Group Co., Ltd. 2022 half-year financial report}} (listed under [https://www.seres.cn/cms/investors.html Seres Group financial report page])
* p4: {{Lang-zh|s=赛力斯汽车有限公司}} formerly {{Lang-zh|s=重庆金康新能源汽车有限公司}}
* p4: SF Motors Inc. {{Lang-zh|s=小康（美国）新能源汽车股份有限公司|l=Jinkang (America) New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd.}}
* p17,p145: As of August 2022, SF Motors Inc. is still called "SF Motors Inc."
</ref> is an R&D and manufacturing subsidiary based in China.<ref name="SeresGroupFR2022-1H" />

A US subsidiary, [[SF Motors Inc.]],<ref name="SeresGroupFR2022-1H" /> sometimes also called '''Seres''',{{r|"SeresGroupFR2022-1H"|page=17}}<ref name="SeresGroupHistory" /> headquartered in [[Santa Clara, California]], represents Jinkang New Energy Automobile's business in US.<ref name="SeresGroupHistory">{{Cite web |script-title=zh:发展历程 - 赛力斯集团 |trans-title=History – Seres Group |url=https://www.seres.cn/cms/timeline.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310082033/https://www.seres.cn/cms/timeline.html |archive-date=2023-03-10 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=Seres Group ([[Sokon]]) |language=zh}}
* 2018三月29: "集团旗下SF MOTORS（后更名为SERES公司）"
* 2017六月22: "公司旗下金康新能源汽车在美国的业务实施主体SF Motors"
</ref> SF Motors Inc. has established several [[R&D]] facilities and is in the process of designing and producing a U.S.-based, electric vehicle line. The company has delayed launching a US product and laid off hundreds of workers, including 90 people at its design studio.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://electrek.co/2019/07/12/seres-electric-car-launch-us-hold/|title = Seres puts electric car launch in the US on hold, lays off a bunch of staff|date = July 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.futurecar.com/3243/EV-Startup-SERES-Hires-Auto-Industry-Veteran-to-Lead-its-U-S--Operations|title = EV Startup SERES Hires Auto Industry Veteran to Lead its U.S. Operations}}</ref> The company is partnering with a number of automotive and tech suppliers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sfmotors.com/automotive-assemble-plant/ |title=SF Motors Acquires Automotive Assembly Plant|publisher=SF Motors |accessdate=2017-01-11}}</ref>

== In China ==
[[File:Ma Ying-jeou visit Seres factory-20230404.png|thumb|Ma Ying-jeou visit Seres factory in China]]

=== Timeline ===
*In April 2021, Seres launched an updated SF5, starting a partnership with [[Huawei]], which partook in the development of the vehicle, and sells the cars through Huawei stores.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Updated Seres SF5 Debuts As The First Car Sold By Huawei|url=https://www.motor1.com/news/502426/huawei-seres-sf5-debut/|access-date=2021-08-25|website=Motor1.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Huawei Starts to Sell New SERES SF5 Car in its China Flagship Stores|url=https://consumer.huawei.com/en/press/news/2021/huawei-starts-to-sell-new-seres-sf5-car-in-its-china-flagship-stores/|access-date=2021-08-25|website=consumer.huawei.com}}</ref> According to sources cited by Reuters, Huawei was looking to take over Seres from its parent company Chongqing Sokon, but Huawei denied having plans for such an acquisition.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-29|title=EXCLUSIVE Huawei deepens dive into EVs, seeks control of small automaker -sources|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/exclusive-huawei-deepens-dive-into-evs-seeks-control-small-automaker-sources-2021-04-29/|access-date=2021-08-25|website=Reuters|language=en}}</ref>
*In March 2023, the Aito brand was rebranded as Huawei Aito for a short time<ref>{{Cite web |title=Huawei asserts more influence over auto arm with new Huawei Aito branding |url=https://www.arenaev.com/huawei_asserts_more_influence_over_aito_with_new_branding-news-1529.php |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=ArenaEV.com |language=en-US}}</ref> before Huawei issued that all promotional materials related to Huawei will be removed on April 1 from Aito stores.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2023-04-01/doc-imynvueh7270773.shtml?cre=sinapc&mod=g&loc=26&r=0&rfunc=40&tj=cxvertical_pc_sinapc_g |title=问界门店员工：已接到通知，不让叫华为问界了 |publisher=news.sina.com.cn |language=zh |date=1 April 2023 |accessdate=5 April 2023}}</ref>

== SF Motors Inc. ==
{{Main|SF Motors}}

=== Manufacturing/R&D facilities ===
SF Motors Inc. was founded in Santa Clara, California in January 2016 as a company focused on producing electric vehicles. In early 2017, SF Motors’ parent company, Sokon Industry Group, was granted production permits from the Chinese government to produce [[electric vehicles]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sfmotors.com/global-partnership-silicon-valley/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023193742/http://www.sfmotors.com/global-partnership-silicon-valley/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2017-10-23 |title=F Motors Hosts Global Partner Meeting in Silicon Valley |publisher=SF Motors |accessdate=2017-01-11}}</ref>

The company has established{{when|date=July 2019}} seven R&D facilities in four countries, including the U.S., [[China]], and [[Germany]], with [[Japan]] coming online soon. Along with establishing an R&D center in the [[Ann Arbor]] area in Michigan; Seres is also partnering with the University of Michigan's Mcity innovation center, which is dedicated to leading the transformation to connected and automated vehicles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mcity.umich.edu/ |title=Michigan's Mcity innovation center |publisher=University of Michigan |accessdate=2017-01-11}}</ref> SF Motors hosted its first [[University of Michigan]]-Sokon Autonomous Driving Seminar in August 2017.

In 2017, SF Motors completed the acquisition of the [[AM General]] Commercial Assembly Plant in [[Mishawaka, Indiana]], making it the only [[electric vehicle]] company at the time to have manufacturing facilities in both the U.S. and China.<ref name="Stoll">{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/am-general-sells-indiana-plant-to-china-backed-sf-motors-1498141052|title=AM General Sells Indiana Plant to China-Backed SF Motors|last=Stoll|first=John D.|date=2017-06-22|work=Wall Street Journal|access-date=2017-11-02|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> It will be the first manufacturing plant in the U.S. that is wholly owned by SF Motors. The acquisition includes retaining about 430 employees at the facility who previously helped build vehicles for both [[Mercedes-Benz]] and [[Hummer]].<ref name="Stoll"/>

=== Timeline ===
[[File:Martin Eberhard (cropped).jpg|thumb|Chief Scientist [[Martin Eberhard]].]]
* January 28, 2016 — SF Motors was founded in Silicon Valley, California
* September 2016 — Tesla co-founder [[Martin Eberhard]] joined SF Motors as Strategic Advisor
* January 2017 — Parent company of SF Motors (Sokon Industry Group) granted production permit from Chinese Government to produce electric vehicles
* March 2017 — SF Motors opens headquarters in Silicon Valley. The building has a garage with EV [[charging stations]]
* April 2017 — Parent company of SF Motors, Sokon Motors, and University of Michigan announce plans to establish Michigan-Sokon Research Center
* June 2017 — SF Motors announces plans to acquire commercial automotive assembly plant in [[Mishawaka, Indiana]] from [[AM General]] where [[Hummer H2]] SUVs were formerly built.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mashable.com/2017/06/22/hummer-factory-electric-vehicles-sf-motors/|title=Hummer factory gets second life making electric cars|last=Gallucci|first=Maria|website=Mashable|date=June 23, 2017|language=en|access-date=2019-08-10}}</ref>
* July 2017 — SF Motors hosts first Global Partnership Meeting at its headquarters in Silicon Valley
* July 2017 — SF Motors establishes intelligent driving research center in Beijing
* August 2017 — SF Motors hosts first University of Michigan-Sokon Autonomous Driving Seminar
* September 2017 — SF Motors’ parent company granted permission by Chinese Government to issue convertible bond worth up to 1.5 Billion RMB for SF Motors
* October 2017 — SF Motors announced the acquisition of [[Martin Eberhard#inEVit|InEVit Inc.]], an electric vehicle battery modularization startup headed by Martin Eberhard, industry leader and co-founder of Tesla, who joined the company as Chief Scientist and Vice Chairman of SF Motors’ Board.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeldunne/2017/10/25/for-tesla-the-road-into-china-still-looks-like-a-blind-alley/#152914421766|title=For Tesla, The Road Into China Still Looks Like A Blind Alley|last=Dunne|first=Michael J.|work=Forbes|access-date=2017-11-02|language=en}}</ref>
* March 2018 — SF Motors unveils its cars, two all-electric sport utility vehicles, the compact ''SF5'' and the mid-size ''SF7''.<ref name="TheDrive-2018-03-30">{{cite news |url= http://www.thedrive.com/tech/19771/startup-sf-motors-unveils-two-electric-cars-aims-for-2019-launch |title= Startup SF Motors Unveils Two Electric Cars, Aims for 2019 Launch |author= Stephen Edelstein |date= 30 March 2018 |publisher= TheDrive.com }}</ref>
* July 2019 — Plans to assemble the company's first vehicle, an SUV called the SF5, have been halted for the U.S. market. Plans to assemble and sell SF5 in China continue unchanged. Layoffs have been announced at the company's California headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/business/chinese-owned-company-halts-plan-to-produce-electric-vehicles-in/article_f03a8db8-0793-5476-81b6-a0f718e3b862.html|title=Chinese-owned company halts plan to produce electric vehicles in Mishawaka|last=Tribune|first=Caleb Bauer and Ted Booker South Bend|website=South Bend Tribune|language=en|access-date=2019-08-10}}</ref>
* That same month, [[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]] reported that the company was in search of [[United Kingdom|British]] partners to manufacture electric vehicles for SF Motors. SF Motors will serve as a supplier and would provide electric motors, and battery packs to any potential partners.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rendell |first1=Julian |title=Chinese start-up Seres searching for UK battery partner |url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/industry/chinese-start-seres-searching-uk-battery-partner |website=www.autocar.co.uk |publisher=Autocar |accessdate=17 November 2020}}</ref>

=== Leadership ===
* John Zhang — CEO
* Yifan Tang — CTO

==Products==

=== Seres ===
Seres is a brand of [[electric vehicle|electric vehicles]] marketed by '''[[Seres Group]]'''. Since 2023, Seres brand has shifted to export-focus brand, while AITO and Landian became a domestic-only brand.<ref>{{Cite web |title=公司业务 - 赛力斯集团 |url=https://www.seres.cn/business.html |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=www.seres.cn}}</ref>

* [[AITO M7#Seres 7|Seres 7/M7]] (2024–present), mid-size SUV, rebadged [[AITO M7]]
* [[AITO M5|Seres M5]] (2024–present), compact SUV, rebadged [[AITO M5]]
* [[Seres SF5|Seres SF5/A5/5]] (2019–present), compact SUV
* [[Fengon 500#Seres 3|Seres 3/E3]] (2020–present), compact SUV, [[Rebadging|rebadged]] [[Fengon 500|Fengon E3]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=24 December 2020|title=Elektrische Seres 3 is in Nederland en heeft een prijskaartje: €37.995|trans-title=Electric Seres 3 is in the Netherlands and has a price tag: € 37,995|url=https://www.ad.nl/auto/elektrische-seres-3-is-in-nederland-en-heeft-een-prijskaartje-37-995~a2f91a90/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=autotimesnews|date=2020-12-10|title=Another brand of electric vehicles appeared in Germany|url=https://www.autotimesnews.com/another-brand-of-electric-vehicles-appeared-in-germany/|access-date=2021-01-30|language=en-GB}}</ref>
* [[Fengon Mini EV|Seres E1]] (2023–present), city car, rebadged [[Fengon Mini EV]]
<gallery widths="200" heights="120">
File:Seres 3 IAA 2023 1X7A0354.jpg|[[Fengon 500#Seres 3|Seres 3]]
File:Seres 5 IAA 2023 1X7A0327.jpg|[[Seres SF5|Seres 5]]
File:Seres 7 IAA 2023 1X7A0329.jpg|[[AITO M7|Seres 7]]
File:2023 Seres E1 L (Indonesia) front view 02.jpg|[[Fengon Mini EV|Seres E1]]
</gallery>

=== AITO ===
{{main|AITO (marque)}}

AITO is a brand Seres Automobile collaborates with [[Huawei]] for smart electric vehicle. Huawei is leads in the design of AITO models while Seres conducts in production. It is only operated in Chinese market.

The AITO brand was owned by Seres, but was sold to Huawei in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=重磅！"问界"商标已转让给华为-开源基础软件社区-51CTO.COM |url=https://ost.51cto.com/posts/24545 |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=ost.51cto.com}}</ref> Huawei transferred the ownership of the brand back to Seres in July 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kang |first=Lei |date=2024-07-03 |title=Huawei to transfer Aito trademarks and patents it holds to Seres for $340 million |url=https://cnevpost.com/2024/07/03/huawei-to-transfer-aito-trademarks-patents-to-seres/ |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=CnEVPost |language=en-US}}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="120">
File:2022 Seres AITO M5 (front).jpg|[[AITO M5]]
File:Aito M5 EV 003.jpg|[[AITO M5#AITO M5 EV|AITO M5 EV]]
File:2022 Seres AITO M7 (front).jpg|[[AITO M7]]
File:AITO M9 20240313 02.jpg|[[AITO M9]]
</gallery>

== Concept ==
* Seres SF6 Concept (2018)
* Seres SF7 Concept (2018)

== See also ==

* [[Automobile manufacturers and brands of China]]
* [[List of automobile manufacturers of China]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* Official website: [http://www.sfmotors.com Seres]

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2016]]
[[Category:Car brands]]
[[Category:Vehicles codeveloped with Huawei]]
[[Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Seres (automobiles)]]

Seres Automobile

2024-10-05T15:58:18Z

TimWu007:

{{Short description|Electric vehicle brand}}
{{distinguish|Seres Automobile (Hubei)}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Seres
| logo = Seres Automobile (2023) Logo.png
| logo_size =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| type = [[Private company|Private]]
| traded_as =
| industry = {{unbulleted list
| [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| [[Energy storage]]
}}
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2016|1}}
| founders = Xinghai Zhang
| hq_location_city = [[Santa Clara, California]]
| hq_location_country = United States
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{unbulleted list
| John Zhang (CEO)
| Yifan Tang (CTO)
| [[Martin Eberhard]] (lead scientist)
}}
| products =
| num_employees =
| num_employees_year =
| parent = [[Seres Group]]
| website = {{URL|www.global-seres.com}}
}}

{{Use American English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2015}}
[[File:SFMotors.jpg|thumb|Logo used as SF Motors during 2016-2018]]
'''Seres''' (formerly '''SF Motors''')<ref name="CNET2019">{{Cite web |last=Hyatt |first=Kyle |date=2019-04-14 |title=SF Motors is back as Seres, debuting the electric SF5 SUV in Shanghai |url=https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/sf-motors-now-seres-sf5-suv-electric-shanghai/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525014056/https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/sf-motors-now-seres-sf5-suv-electric-shanghai/ |archive-date=2022-05-25 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=[[CNET]] |language=en}}</ref> is a brand of [[electric vehicle]] marketed by [[Seres Group]] (formerly Chongqing Sokon Industry Group<ref name="FT601127SHH">{{Cite web |title=Seres Group Co Ltd, 601127:SHH profile |url=https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/profile?s=601127:SHH |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313035644/https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/profile?s=601127:SHH |archive-date=2023-03-13 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=[[Financial Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ShanghaiStock601127_2022-070">{{Cite web |url=https://static.sse.com.cn/disclosure/listedinfo/announcement/c/new/2022-07-12/601127_20220712_4_o7C7Bz9u.pdf |date=2022-07-12 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=[[Shanghai Stock Exchange]] |last=重庆小康工业集团股份有限公司董事会 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313145405/https://static.sse.com.cn/disclosure/listedinfo/announcement/c/new/2022-07-12/601127_20220712_4_o7C7Bz9u.pdf |archive-date=2023-03-13 |url-status=live |author-link=Sokon |language=zh |script-title=zh:重庆小康工业集团股份有限公司关于拟变更公司名称、证券简称的公告 |trans-title=Chongqing Sokon Industrial Group Co., Ltd name change and stock symbol change |id=601127 2022-070}} (listed under [http://www.sse.com.cn/home/search/?webswd=601127 赛力斯 ( 601127 )] 公告)
* new name: {{Lang-zh|s=赛力斯集团股份有限公司}} / Seres Group Co., Ltd.
* current name: {{Lang-zh|s=重庆小康工业集团股份有限公司}} / Chongqing Sokon Industrial Group Co., Ltd.
</ref>). Several of the group's subsidiaries are also named "Seres".

'''Seres Automobile Co., Ltd.''' ({{Lang-zh|s=赛力斯汽车有限公司}}) (formerly Chongqing Jinkang New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd.<ref name="EUchamber2019">translation of the company name: {{Cite web |title=Plant Visit: Liangjiang Intelligent Plant of Chongqing Jinkang New Energy Vehicle Co., Ltd 重庆金康新能源汽车有限公司两江智能工厂参观 |url=https://www.europeanchamber.com.cn/en/upcoming-events/15918/Plant_Visit_Liangjiang_Intelligent_Plant_of_Chongqing_Jinkang_New_Energy_Vehicle_Co._Ltd_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313142230/https://www.europeanchamber.com.cn/en/upcoming-events/15918/Plant_Visit_Liangjiang_Intelligent_Plant_of_Chongqing_Jinkang_New_Energy_Vehicle_Co._Ltd_ |archive-date=2023-03-13 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=[[European Union Chamber of Commerce in China]] |language=en}}</ref>)<ref name="SeresGroupFR2022-1H">{{Cite web |url=https://www.seres.cn/uploads/soft/20220822/1661138044.pdf |date=2022-08-19 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=Seres Group ([[Sokon]]) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313074716/https://www.seres.cn/uploads/soft/20220822/1661138044.pdf |archive-date=2023-03-13 |url-status=live |pages=4, 17 |language=zh |script-title=zh:赛力斯集团股份有限公司 2022年半年度报告 |trans-title=Seres Group Co., Ltd. 2022 half-year financial report}} (listed under [https://www.seres.cn/cms/investors.html Seres Group financial report page])
* p4: {{Lang-zh|s=赛力斯汽车有限公司}} formerly {{Lang-zh|s=重庆金康新能源汽车有限公司}}
* p4: SF Motors Inc. {{Lang-zh|s=小康（美国）新能源汽车股份有限公司|l=Jinkang (America) New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd.}}
* p17,p145: As of August 2022, SF Motors Inc. is still called "SF Motors Inc."
</ref> is an R&D and manufacturing subsidiary based in China.<ref name="SeresGroupFR2022-1H" />

A US subsidiary, [[SF Motors Inc.]],<ref name="SeresGroupFR2022-1H" /> sometimes also called '''Seres''',{{r|"SeresGroupFR2022-1H"|page=17}}<ref name="SeresGroupHistory" /> headquartered in [[Santa Clara, California]], represents Jinkang New Energy Automobile's business in US.<ref name="SeresGroupHistory">{{Cite web |script-title=zh:发展历程 - 赛力斯集团 |trans-title=History – Seres Group |url=https://www.seres.cn/cms/timeline.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310082033/https://www.seres.cn/cms/timeline.html |archive-date=2023-03-10 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=Seres Group ([[Sokon]]) |language=zh}}
* 2018三月29: "集团旗下SF MOTORS（后更名为SERES公司）"
* 2017六月22: "公司旗下金康新能源汽车在美国的业务实施主体SF Motors"
</ref> SF Motors Inc. has established several [[R&D]] facilities and is in the process of designing and producing a U.S.-based, electric vehicle line. The company has delayed launching a US product and laid off hundreds of workers, including 90 people at its design studio.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://electrek.co/2019/07/12/seres-electric-car-launch-us-hold/|title = Seres puts electric car launch in the US on hold, lays off a bunch of staff|date = July 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.futurecar.com/3243/EV-Startup-SERES-Hires-Auto-Industry-Veteran-to-Lead-its-U-S--Operations|title = EV Startup SERES Hires Auto Industry Veteran to Lead its U.S. Operations}}</ref> The company is partnering with a number of automotive and tech suppliers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sfmotors.com/automotive-assemble-plant/ |title=SF Motors Acquires Automotive Assembly Plant|publisher=SF Motors |accessdate=2017-01-11}}</ref>

== In China ==
[[File:Ma Ying-jeou visit Seres factory-20230404.png|thumb|Ma Ying-jeou visit Seres factory in China]]

=== Timeline ===
*In April 2021, Seres launched an updated SF5, starting a partnership with [[Huawei]], which partook in the development of the vehicle, and sells the cars through Huawei stores.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Updated Seres SF5 Debuts As The First Car Sold By Huawei|url=https://www.motor1.com/news/502426/huawei-seres-sf5-debut/|access-date=2021-08-25|website=Motor1.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Huawei Starts to Sell New SERES SF5 Car in its China Flagship Stores|url=https://consumer.huawei.com/en/press/news/2021/huawei-starts-to-sell-new-seres-sf5-car-in-its-china-flagship-stores/|access-date=2021-08-25|website=consumer.huawei.com}}</ref> According to sources cited by Reuters, Huawei was looking to take over Seres from its parent company Chongqing Sokon, but Huawei denied having plans for such an acquisition.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-29|title=EXCLUSIVE Huawei deepens dive into EVs, seeks control of small automaker -sources|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/exclusive-huawei-deepens-dive-into-evs-seeks-control-small-automaker-sources-2021-04-29/|access-date=2021-08-25|website=Reuters|language=en}}</ref>
*In March 2023, the Aito brand was rebranded as Huawei Aito for a short time<ref>{{Cite web |title=Huawei asserts more influence over auto arm with new Huawei Aito branding |url=https://www.arenaev.com/huawei_asserts_more_influence_over_aito_with_new_branding-news-1529.php |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=ArenaEV.com |language=en-US}}</ref> before Huawei issued that all promotional materials related to Huawei will be removed on April 1 from Aito stores.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2023-04-01/doc-imynvueh7270773.shtml?cre=sinapc&mod=g&loc=26&r=0&rfunc=40&tj=cxvertical_pc_sinapc_g |title=问界门店员工：已接到通知，不让叫华为问界了 |publisher=news.sina.com.cn |language=zh |date=1 April 2023 |accessdate=5 April 2023}}</ref>

== SF Motors Inc. ==
{{Main|SF Motors}}

=== Manufacturing/R&D facilities ===
SF Motors Inc. was founded in Santa Clara, California in January 2016 as a company focused on producing electric vehicles. In early 2017, SF Motors’ parent company, Sokon Industry Group, was granted production permits from the Chinese government to produce [[electric vehicles]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sfmotors.com/global-partnership-silicon-valley/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023193742/http://www.sfmotors.com/global-partnership-silicon-valley/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2017-10-23 |title=F Motors Hosts Global Partner Meeting in Silicon Valley |publisher=SF Motors |accessdate=2017-01-11}}</ref>

The company has established{{when|date=July 2019}} seven R&D facilities in four countries, including the U.S., [[China]], and [[Germany]], with [[Japan]] coming online soon. Along with establishing an R&D center in the [[Ann Arbor]] area in Michigan; Seres is also partnering with the University of Michigan's Mcity innovation center, which is dedicated to leading the transformation to connected and automated vehicles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mcity.umich.edu/ |title=Michigan's Mcity innovation center |publisher=University of Michigan |accessdate=2017-01-11}}</ref> SF Motors hosted its first [[University of Michigan]]-Sokon Autonomous Driving Seminar in August 2017.

In 2017, SF Motors completed the acquisition of the [[AM General]] Commercial Assembly Plant in [[Mishawaka, Indiana]], making it the only [[electric vehicle]] company at the time to have manufacturing facilities in both the U.S. and China.<ref name="Stoll">{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/am-general-sells-indiana-plant-to-china-backed-sf-motors-1498141052|title=AM General Sells Indiana Plant to China-Backed SF Motors|last=Stoll|first=John D.|date=2017-06-22|work=Wall Street Journal|access-date=2017-11-02|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> It will be the first manufacturing plant in the U.S. that is wholly owned by SF Motors. The acquisition includes retaining about 430 employees at the facility who previously helped build vehicles for both [[Mercedes-Benz]] and [[Hummer]].<ref name="Stoll"/>

=== Timeline ===
[[File:Martin Eberhard (cropped).jpg|thumb|Chief Scientist [[Martin Eberhard]].]]
* January 28, 2016 — SF Motors was founded in Silicon Valley, California
* September 2016 — Tesla co-founder [[Martin Eberhard]] joined SF Motors as Strategic Advisor
* January 2017 — Parent company of SF Motors (Sokon Industry Group) granted production permit from Chinese Government to produce electric vehicles
* March 2017 — SF Motors opens headquarters in Silicon Valley. The building has a garage with EV [[charging stations]]
* April 2017 — Parent company of SF Motors, Sokon Motors, and University of Michigan announce plans to establish Michigan-Sokon Research Center
* June 2017 — SF Motors announces plans to acquire commercial automotive assembly plant in [[Mishawaka, Indiana]] from [[AM General]] where [[Hummer H2]] SUVs were formerly built.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mashable.com/2017/06/22/hummer-factory-electric-vehicles-sf-motors/|title=Hummer factory gets second life making electric cars|last=Gallucci|first=Maria|website=Mashable|date=June 23, 2017|language=en|access-date=2019-08-10}}</ref>
* July 2017 — SF Motors hosts first Global Partnership Meeting at its headquarters in Silicon Valley
* July 2017 — SF Motors establishes intelligent driving research center in Beijing
* August 2017 — SF Motors hosts first University of Michigan-Sokon Autonomous Driving Seminar
* September 2017 — SF Motors’ parent company granted permission by Chinese Government to issue convertible bond worth up to 1.5 Billion RMB for SF Motors
* October 2017 — SF Motors announced the acquisition of [[Martin Eberhard#inEVit|InEVit Inc.]], an electric vehicle battery modularization startup headed by Martin Eberhard, industry leader and co-founder of Tesla, who joined the company as Chief Scientist and Vice Chairman of SF Motors’ Board.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeldunne/2017/10/25/for-tesla-the-road-into-china-still-looks-like-a-blind-alley/#152914421766|title=For Tesla, The Road Into China Still Looks Like A Blind Alley|last=Dunne|first=Michael J.|work=Forbes|access-date=2017-11-02|language=en}}</ref>
* March 2018 — SF Motors unveils its cars, two all-electric sport utility vehicles, the compact ''SF5'' and the mid-size ''SF7''.<ref name="TheDrive-2018-03-30">{{cite news |url= http://www.thedrive.com/tech/19771/startup-sf-motors-unveils-two-electric-cars-aims-for-2019-launch |title= Startup SF Motors Unveils Two Electric Cars, Aims for 2019 Launch |author= Stephen Edelstein |date= 30 March 2018 |publisher= TheDrive.com }}</ref>
* July 2019 — Plans to assemble the company's first vehicle, an SUV called the SF5, have been halted for the U.S. market. Plans to assemble and sell SF5 in China continue unchanged. Layoffs have been announced at the company's California headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.southbendtribune.com/news/business/chinese-owned-company-halts-plan-to-produce-electric-vehicles-in/article_f03a8db8-0793-5476-81b6-a0f718e3b862.html|title=Chinese-owned company halts plan to produce electric vehicles in Mishawaka|last=Tribune|first=Caleb Bauer and Ted Booker South Bend|website=South Bend Tribune|language=en|access-date=2019-08-10}}</ref>
* That same month, [[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]] reported that the company was in search of [[United Kingdom|British]] partners to manufacture electric vehicles for SF Motors. SF Motors will serve as a supplier and would provide electric motors, and battery packs to any potential partners.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rendell |first1=Julian |title=Chinese start-up Seres searching for UK battery partner |url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/industry/chinese-start-seres-searching-uk-battery-partner |website=www.autocar.co.uk |publisher=Autocar |accessdate=17 November 2020}}</ref>

=== Leadership ===
* John Zhang — CEO
* Yifan Tang — CTO

==Products==

=== Seres ===
Seres is a brand of [[electric vehicle|electric vehicles]] marketed by '''[[Seres Group]]'''. Since 2023, Seres brand has shifted to export-focus brand, while AITO and Landian became a domestic-only brand.<ref>{{Cite web |title=公司业务 - 赛力斯集团 |url=https://www.seres.cn/business.html |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=www.seres.cn}}</ref>

* [[AITO M7#Seres 7|Seres 7/M7]] (2024–present), mid-size SUV, rebadged [[AITO M7]]
* [[AITO M5|Seres M5]] (2024–present), compact SUV, rebadged [[AITO M5]]
* [[Seres SF5|Seres SF5/A5/5]] (2019–present), compact SUV
* [[Fengon 500#Seres 3|Seres 3/E3]] (2020–present), compact SUV, [[Rebadging|rebadged]] [[Fengon 500|Fengon E3]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=24 December 2020|title=Elektrische Seres 3 is in Nederland en heeft een prijskaartje: €37.995|trans-title=Electric Seres 3 is in the Netherlands and has a price tag: € 37,995|url=https://www.ad.nl/auto/elektrische-seres-3-is-in-nederland-en-heeft-een-prijskaartje-37-995~a2f91a90/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=autotimesnews|date=2020-12-10|title=Another brand of electric vehicles appeared in Germany|url=https://www.autotimesnews.com/another-brand-of-electric-vehicles-appeared-in-germany/|access-date=2021-01-30|language=en-GB}}</ref>
* [[Fengon Mini EV|Seres E1]] (2023–present), city car, rebadged [[Fengon Mini EV]]
<gallery widths="200" heights="120">
File:Seres 3 IAA 2023 1X7A0354.jpg|[[Fengon 500#Seres 3|Seres 3]]
File:Seres 5 IAA 2023 1X7A0327.jpg|[[Seres SF5|Seres 5]]
File:Seres 7 IAA 2023 1X7A0329.jpg|[[AITO M7|Seres 7]]
File:2023 Seres E1 L (Indonesia) front view 02.jpg|[[Fengon Mini EV|Seres E1]]
</gallery>

=== AITO ===
{{main|AITO (marque)}}

AITO is a brand Seres Automobile collaborates with [[Huawei]] for smart electric vehicle. Huawei is leads in the design of AITO models while Seres conducts in production. It is only operated in Chinese market.

The AITO brand was owned by Seres, but was sold to Huawei in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=重磅！"问界"商标已转让给华为-开源基础软件社区-51CTO.COM |url=https://ost.51cto.com/posts/24545 |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=ost.51cto.com}}</ref> Huawei transferred the ownership of the brand back to Seres in July 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kang |first=Lei |date=2024-07-03 |title=Huawei to transfer Aito trademarks and patents it holds to Seres for $340 million |url=https://cnevpost.com/2024/07/03/huawei-to-transfer-aito-trademarks-patents-to-seres/ |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=CnEVPost |language=en-US}}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="120">
File:2022 Seres AITO M5 (front).jpg|[[AITO M5]]
File:Aito M5 EV 003.jpg|[[AITO M5#AITO M5 EV|AITO M5 EV]]
File:2022 Seres AITO M7 (front).jpg|[[AITO M7]]
File:AITO M9 20240313 02.jpg|[[AITO M9]]
</gallery>

=== Landian ===
Landian is a brand of Seres for budget electric vehicles which was established in March 2023. The word Landian literally means blue electricity (蓝电) in Chinese.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kang/CnEVPost |first=Lei |date=2023-03-30 |title=Seres unveils new NEV brand Landian and 1st model E5 with BYD, Huawei technology |url=https://cnevpost.com/2023/03/30/seres-unveils-new-nev-brand-landian-1st-model-e5/ |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=CnEVPost |language=en-US}}</ref>

* [[Fengon 580#Landian E5|Landian E5]] (2022–present), compact SUV, rebadged [[Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] variant of [[Fengon 580]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suzan |date=2023-06-21 |title=Dongfeng's All-new Electric SUV FENGON Landian E5 may be launched on March 1 {{!}} China Car News, Reviews and More |url=https://www.chinapev.com/dongfeng/dongfeng-fengguang/dongfengs-all-new-electric-suv-fengon-landian-e5-may-be-launched-on-march-1/ |access-date=2023-06-28 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Fengon 500#Landian E3|Landian E3]] (2023–present), subcompact SUV, rebadged [[Fengon 500|Fengon E3]]
<gallery widths="200" heights="120">
File:Landian_E5_at_Auto_Guangzhou_2023_20231126.jpg|[[Fengon 580#Landian E5|Landian E5]]
</gallery>

== Concept ==
* Seres SF6 Concept (2018)
* Seres SF7 Concept (2018)

== See also ==

* [[Automobile manufacturers and brands of China]]
* [[List of automobile manufacturers of China]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* Official website: [http://www.sfmotors.com Seres]

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2016]]
[[Category:Car brands]]
[[Category:Vehicles codeveloped with Huawei]]
[[Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Seres (automobiles)]]

Seres Automobile (Hubei)

2024-10-05T15:57:40Z

TimWu007:

{{Short description|Chinese vehicle manufacturer}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Seres Automobile (Hubei) Co., Ltd.
| native_name = 赛力斯汽车（湖北）有限公司
| logo = Dongfeng Sokon (DFSK) logo.svg
| image =
| image_caption =
| founded = {{start date and age|df=y|2003|06|27}}
| products = [[Car|Automobiles]], [[commercial vehicle]]s, [[List of auto parts|auto parts]]
| founders = [[Seres Group]]
| brands = DFSK Fengon (DFSK Glory) 
| romanized_name = Dongfeng Xiaokang
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| website = https://www.dfdongfeng.com.cn/
| parent = [[Seres Group]]
| module = {{Chinese
| child = yes
| s = 东风小康
| t = 東風小康
| p = Dōngfēng Xiǎokāng
| altname =
| w =
| mi =
| y =
| j =
| poj =
| l =
| order = st
}}
}}
'''Seres Automobile (Hubei) Co., Ltd.''' ({{lang-zh|s=赛力斯汽车（湖北）有限公司}}), previously named '''Dongfeng Sokon Automobile''' ({{Lang-zh|c=|s=东风小康|t=|p=Dongfeng Xiaokang}}) and known internationally as '''DFSK Motor''', was a joint venture between [[Dongfeng Motor Corporation|Dongfeng]] and [[Seres Group]] (formerly Sokon Group), formed on June 27, 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/brief-chongqing-sokons-sales-of-vehicles-idUSL3N1GN3KB |title=BRIEF-Chongqing Sokon's sales of vehicles, engines up in Feb |last=Hong Kong newsroom |date=10 March 2017 |website=reuters.com |publisher=Thomson Reuters}}</ref> It is now fully owned by Seres.

DFSK produces [[microvan]]s, flat-bed commercial trucks and passenger vehicles under the '''Sokon''' brand and sport utility vehicle under the '''Fengguang''' (''Fengon'' in English) and '''Glory''' brands.<ref name="dfsk-products">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dfsk.com.pe/index.php/inicio/modelos |title=Modelos |website=dfsk.ch |access-date=2018-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504085351/http://www.dfsk.com.pe/index.php/inicio/modelos |archive-date=2018-05-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Manufacturing for DFSK takes place in a total of four different facilities, two of which are located in [[Hubei]] [[Shiyan]] and two in [[Chongqing]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|title=WELCOME TO DFSK|last=Searles|first=Nathan|website=www.dfsk.com|access-date=2018-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202407/http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|archive-date=2018-09-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== History ==
At the beginning of 2000, [[Sokon|Chongqing Yu'an Innovation Technology (Group)]], a manufacturer of [[motorcycles]] and [[automotive component]]s, and [[Dongfeng Motor]] evaluated the possibility of manufacturing [[microvans]] intended for small Chinese businesses. Dongfeng had experience producing cars for [[Groupe PSA|PSA]], but had not yet produced vehicles in the light commercial segment, and approved the project.

In 2003 the [[joint venture]] ''Dongfeng Yu'an Automobile'', headquartered in [[Chongqing]], was formed and work began on the construction of a new factory. Yu'an Group provided the design for the microvans, and acquired licensing for the production of [[chassis]], [[internal combustion engines|engines]], and components for microvans from [[Suzuki]]. Dongfeng was responsible for the engineering and testing of the vehicles. In 2005, they debuted their first small van, called the C-Series. It was offered in multiple configurations (paneled, passenger minibus and pick-up) with Suzuki engines and [[rear-wheel drive]]. At its debut, the Yu'an Group changed its name to [[Sokon|Chongquin Sokon Industry Group]] (abbreviated to ''Sokon'' in English or ''Sokon'' in Chinese) and the joint venture consequently became Dongfeng Sokon Automobile (abbreviated to DFSK).

In the Chinese market the vehicles are sold as Dongfeng Sokon while in the export markets the name DFSK is used. In both cases, the brand on the grille is Dongfeng's “Dual Wings”.

Subsequently, DFSK presents numerous other models of minivans and starts exporting them also in [[Europe]]; in the [[UK]] they will be distributed by subsidiary Sokon Automobile while in [[Italy]] by [[Giottiline|Giotti Victoria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2017.gonews.it/2017/10/04/giotti-victoria-accordo-al-2020-la-dongfeng/|date=4 November 2017|language=it|title=Giotti Victoria accordo al 2020 la Dongfeng|accessdate=15 October 2021}}</ref>

In September 2003, Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles (瑞驰新能源公司), a fully-funded subsidiary of Chongqing Sokon Group was established. As an enterprise for the manufacturing, sales and services for the pure electric commercial vehicles, Ruichi is one of the earliest enterprises in China with qualifications for the production of pure electric commercial vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.sokon.com/en/businesses/ruichi.html|language=en|title=Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles is committed to becoming a leading brand for the mini electric commercial vehicles.|accessdate=17 February 2023}}</ref> Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles is now a fully-funded subsidiary of [[Seres (automobiles)|Seres]], with products being rebadged electrified versions of DFSK's microvans and trucks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rc-ev.com/cms/p/profile.html|language=zh|title=瑞驰新能源公司简介|accessdate=17 February 2023}}</ref>

In 2013, DFSK decided to enter the lucrative [[Sport Utility Vehicle|SUV]] market by starting the design of a seven-seater mid-size vehicle using Dongfeng technologies; this vehicle was designed so that it could have an aggressive price classifying itself as a low-cost family car and had to be sold both in China and abroad. The project debuted in 2016 called [[Dongfeng Fengguang 580]], a five and seven-seater front-wheel or four-wheel drive SUV with [[Mitsubishi Motors|Mitsubishi]] engines. The brand name Fengguang (translated into Fengon in English) is used to distinguish them from the production of minivans called Sokon. On foreign markets, this vehicle will be renamed DFSK Glory (easier to pronounce) using the Dongfeng Dual Wings emblem on the grille, interior and rear.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

In the same years, the production of the minivan range was started in Indonesia and Thailand and exports also to South America and Eastern Europe.

DFSK began to assemble and market products in Indonesia in 2015.<ref name="indones">{{Cite web |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/07/27/chinese-car-be-produced-indonesia.html |title=Chinese car to be produced in Indonesia |last=Amianti |first=Grace |date=27 July 2015 |website=thejakartapost.com |publisher=The Jakarta Post}}</ref> Plans at the time of launch included an expected production of 50,000 units/year.<ref name="indones" />

In 2017, joint venture of DFSK and [https://dfskpakistan.com Regal Automobile] began assembly in [[Pakistan]]. Plant in [[Lahore]] producing SUV [https://dfskpakistan.com/glory-580-pro/ Glory 580] variants, C-37 Van, [https://dfskpakistan.com/humsafar-van/ Humsafar] MPV, K01 Pickup truck etc.

Total sales in 2017 reached 402,000 vehicles and in November 2018 Chongqing Sokon Group attempted to acquire the remaining 50% of the DFSK joint venture from Dongfeng for 621 million euros, becoming 100% owner. The deal was abandoned in July 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/70015386.html|title=Sokon to wholly own Dongfeng Sokon at expense of 26.01% stake offered to Dongfeng Motor Corporation|accessdate=16 October 2021|date = 18 November 2018}}</ref>

In September 2019, Sokon acquired the remaining 50% of the DFSK joint venture from Dongfeng. Seres continued to produce vehicles using the Dongfeng logo and under the DFSK brand while phasing out the Dongfeng logo on the Fengguang brand after it was renamed to Fengon.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.autothinker.net/Home/Publicsentiment/daily_express_details/id/162888/date/2020-04-16.html | title=东风小康成为小康股份全资子公司-Auto Thinker汽车智库平台 }}</ref>

In April 2020, Chongqing Sokon Industrial Group purchased 50% of DFSK's equity from Dongfeng Motor Group, making DFSK a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sokon Group.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://auto.sina.com.cn/news/hy/2020-04-03/detail-iimxyqwa4906642.shtml?hpid=00041 |title=小康股份全资控股东风小康获批 |work=新浪汽车 |date=2020-04-03 |accessdate=2023-09-28 |url-status=live |archive-date=2023-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928010018/https://auto.sina.com.cn/news/hy/2020-04-03/detail-iimxyqwa4906642.shtml?hpid=00041 }}</ref> As of 2021, DFSK has a total of 4 production bases in China, two of which are located in Shiyan, Hubei and two in Chongqing.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WELCOME TO DFSK|url=http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|accessdate=2018-09-08|author=Searles|first=Nathan|work=www.dfsk.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202407/http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|archivedate=2018-09-08}}</ref>

In August 2023, Dongfeng Sokon Automobile was renamed to Seres Automobile (Hubei).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Li |first=Na |date=2023-10-12 |script-title=zh:注册资本8亿东风小康公司更名赛力斯 |trans-title=Dongfeng Sokon changed its name to Seres with registered capital of RMB 800 million |url=https://www.autohome.com.cn/article?id=86btz_wP9HE= |url-status=live |access-date=2024-10-05 |work=Autohome |language=zh}}</ref>

==Products==

=== Fengon ===
'''Fengon''' (or '''DFSK Glory''' for foreign markets) formerly known as '''Dongfeng Fengguang (东风风光)''', is the sub-brand of Seres that produces passenger vehicles. Established in 2008, Fengon brand targets at affordable compact MPVs and SUVs. It used to be a joint-venture brand with [[Dongfeng Motor Group|Dongfeng Group]] but was fully acquired by Seres Group in 2022. The Fengon brand began to replace the former Dongfeng logo and replaced it with its own Fengon logo in models after the acquisition.

==== Current model ====
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=FENGON风光官网 |url=https://www.dffengguang.com.cn/ |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=www.dffengguang.com.cn}}</ref>

'''Car'''
* [[Fengon Mini EV]] (2022–present), city car
'''SUV'''
* [[Fengon ix5]] (2019–present), compact SUV
* [[Fengon 580]] (2016–present), mid-size SUV
* [[Fengon 500]] (2019–present), subcompact SUV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang S560|Fengon S560]] (2017–present), compact SUV
'''MPV/Minivan'''
* [[Fengon 380|Fengon 380/E380]] (2022–present), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330S|Fengon 330S]] (2019–present), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 330]] (2014–present), compact MPV<gallery widths="180" heights="120">
File:DFSK Fengon 5 1X7A7306.jpg|[[Fengon ix5]]
File:DFSK Fengon 500 IMG 8162.jpg|[[Fengon 500]]
File:Fengon 580 II 002.jpg|[[Fengon 580]]
File:2018 Dongfeng Fengguang S560 (front).jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang S560|Fengon S560]]
File:2022 Fengon 380 001.jpg|[[Fengon 380]]
File:2016 Dongfeng-Fengguang 330, front 8.4.18.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 330]]
File:Dongfeng Fengguang 330S 001.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330S|Fengon 330S]]
File:Fengon Mini EV 01.jpg|[[Fengon Mini EV]]
</gallery>

==== Discontinued model ====
'''SUV'''

* [[Renault Kwid|Fengon E1]] (2020-2023), city car, rebadged Dongfeng Nano EX1
* [[Fengon 500|Fengon E3]] (2019-2022), subcompact SUV, EREV variant of [[Fengon 500]]
* [[Fengon ix7]] (2020-2023), mid-size SUV

'''MPV/Minivan'''
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 370|Fengon 370]] (2016-2020), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 360]] (2015-2017), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 350]] (2016-2020), compact MPV
<gallery widths="180" heights="120">
File:DFSK Fengon 7 1X7A7302.jpg|[[Fengon ix7]]
File:2017 Dongfeng-Fengguang 370, front 8.5.18.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 370|Fengon 370]]
File:Dongfeng Fengguang 360.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 360]]
File:Dongfeng Fengguang 350 -- Auto China -- 2014-04-23.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 350]]
File:Fengon E3 001.jpg|[[Fengon 500|Fengon E3]]
</gallery>

=== DFSK/Dongfeng Sokon (东风小康) ===

The '''DFSK''' is a brand of Seres that produces light commercial vehicles. Currently available products include:

* [[DFSK C-Series|C-Series]]
** Sokon C37/C36
** Sokon C31/C32
* [[DFSK K-Series|K-Series]]
** Sokon K05
** Sokon K07
** Sokon K09
** Sokon K05S
** Sokon K07S
** Sokon K01/K02
* [[DFSK V-Series|V-Series]]
** Sokon V07S- microvan
** Sokon V21- single cab pickup
** Sokon V22- crew cab pickup
** Sokon V25- microvan
** Sokon V26- microvan
** Sokon V27- microvan
** Sokon V29- microvan/ pickup
* Ruichi (瑞驰) [[Electric vehicle|EV]]
** EC35- mid-size van
** EC31- small box truck
** ED75- mid-size van based on a reverse-engineered copy of the Toyota HiAce body

{{gallery|File:2018 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) C37, front 8.8.18.jpg|Sokon C37|File:2018 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) K07S, front 8.8.18.jpg|Sokon K07S|File:2009 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) K07, front 8.3.18.jpg|Sokon K07/K17|File:2014 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) K09, front 8.10.18.jpg|Sokon New K07|File:Dongfeng Sokon V29 China 2014-04-16.jpg|Sokon V29|File:2014 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) V07S, front 8.6.18.jpg|Sokon V07S|File:Dongfeng DFSK V27 Cargo 2014 (14690231661).jpg|Sokon V27 Cargo|File:DFSK V22 Crew Cab 2014 (11214262546).jpg|Sokon V22 Crew Cab|File:Dongfeng DFSK V21 1.3 2014 (13941808715).jpg|Sokon V21|File:2013 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) V21, front 8.7.18.jpg|Sokon V21 (2013)}}

== See also ==

* [[Automobile manufacturers and brands of China]]
* [[List of automobile manufacturers of China]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{official website|https://www.dfdongfeng.com.cn/}}

{{Dongfeng Motor}}
{{Automotive industry in China}}{{Automotive industry}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Dongfeng Motor joint ventures]]
[[Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Bus manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Truck manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Chinese brands]]
[[Category:Car brands]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Chongqing]]

Seres Automobile (Hubei)

2024-10-05T15:53:30Z

TimWu007: Reference edited with ProveIt #proveit

{{Short description|Chinese vehicle manufacturer}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Seres Automobile (Hubei) Co., Ltd.
| native_name = 赛力斯汽车（湖北）有限公司
| logo = Dongfeng Sokon (DFSK) logo.svg
| image =
| image_caption =
| founded = {{start date and age|df=y|2003|06|27}}
| products = [[Car|Automobiles]], [[commercial vehicle]]s, [[List of auto parts|auto parts]]
| founders = [[Seres Group]]
| brands = DFSK Fengon (DFSK Glory) 
| romanized_name = Dongfeng Xiaokang
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| website = https://www.dfdongfeng.com.cn/
| parent = [[Seres Group]]
| module = {{Chinese
| child = yes
| s = 东风小康
| t = 東風小康
| p = Dōngfēng Xiǎokāng
| altname =
| w =
| mi =
| y =
| j =
| poj =
| l =
| order = st
}}
}}
'''Seres Automobile (Hubei) Co., Ltd.''' ({{lang-zh|s=赛力斯汽车（湖北）有限公司}}), previously called '''Dongfeng Sokon Automobile''' ({{Lang-zh|c=|s=东风小康|t=|p=Dongfeng Xiaokang}}) known internationally as '''DFSK Motor''', was a joint venture between [[Dongfeng Motor Corporation|Dongfeng]] and [[Seres Group]] (formerly Sokon Group), formed on June 27, 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/brief-chongqing-sokons-sales-of-vehicles-idUSL3N1GN3KB |title=BRIEF-Chongqing Sokon's sales of vehicles, engines up in Feb |last=Hong Kong newsroom |date=10 March 2017 |website=reuters.com |publisher=Thomson Reuters}}</ref> It is now fully owned by Seres.

DFSK produces [[microvan]]s, flat-bed commercial trucks and passenger vehicles under the '''Sokon''' brand and sport utility vehicle under the '''Fengguang''' (''Fengon'' in English) and '''Glory''' brands.<ref name="dfsk-products">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dfsk.com.pe/index.php/inicio/modelos |title=Modelos |website=dfsk.ch |access-date=2018-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504085351/http://www.dfsk.com.pe/index.php/inicio/modelos |archive-date=2018-05-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Manufacturing for DFSK takes place in a total of four different facilities, two of which are located in [[Hubei]] [[Shiyan]] and two in [[Chongqing]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|title=WELCOME TO DFSK|last=Searles|first=Nathan|website=www.dfsk.com|access-date=2018-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202407/http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|archive-date=2018-09-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== History ==
At the beginning of 2000, [[Sokon|Chongqing Yu'an Innovation Technology (Group)]], a manufacturer of [[motorcycles]] and [[automotive component]]s, and [[Dongfeng Motor]] evaluated the possibility of manufacturing [[microvans]] intended for small Chinese businesses. Dongfeng had experience producing cars for [[Groupe PSA|PSA]], but had not yet produced vehicles in the light commercial segment, and approved the project.

In 2003 the [[joint venture]] ''Dongfeng Yu'an Automobile'', headquartered in [[Chongqing]], was formed and work began on the construction of a new factory. Yu'an Group provided the design for the microvans, and acquired licensing for the production of [[chassis]], [[internal combustion engines|engines]], and components for microvans from [[Suzuki]]. Dongfeng was responsible for the engineering and testing of the vehicles. In 2005, they debuted their first small van, called the C-Series. It was offered in multiple configurations (paneled, passenger minibus and pick-up) with Suzuki engines and [[rear-wheel drive]]. At its debut, the Yu'an Group changed its name to [[Sokon|Chongquin Sokon Industry Group]] (abbreviated to ''Sokon'' in English or ''Sokon'' in Chinese) and the joint venture consequently became Dongfeng Sokon Automobile (abbreviated to DFSK).

In the Chinese market the vehicles are sold as Dongfeng Sokon while in the export markets the name DFSK is used. In both cases, the brand on the grille is Dongfeng's “Dual Wings”.

Subsequently, DFSK presents numerous other models of minivans and starts exporting them also in [[Europe]]; in the [[UK]] they will be distributed by subsidiary Sokon Automobile while in [[Italy]] by [[Giottiline|Giotti Victoria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2017.gonews.it/2017/10/04/giotti-victoria-accordo-al-2020-la-dongfeng/|date=4 November 2017|language=it|title=Giotti Victoria accordo al 2020 la Dongfeng|accessdate=15 October 2021}}</ref>

In September 2003, Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles (瑞驰新能源公司), a fully-funded subsidiary of Chongqing Sokon Group was established. As an enterprise for the manufacturing, sales and services for the pure electric commercial vehicles, Ruichi is one of the earliest enterprises in China with qualifications for the production of pure electric commercial vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.sokon.com/en/businesses/ruichi.html|language=en|title=Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles is committed to becoming a leading brand for the mini electric commercial vehicles.|accessdate=17 February 2023}}</ref> Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles is now a fully-funded subsidiary of [[Seres (automobiles)|Seres]], with products being rebadged electrified versions of DFSK's microvans and trucks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rc-ev.com/cms/p/profile.html|language=zh|title=瑞驰新能源公司简介|accessdate=17 February 2023}}</ref>

In 2013, DFSK decided to enter the lucrative [[Sport Utility Vehicle|SUV]] market by starting the design of a seven-seater mid-size vehicle using Dongfeng technologies; this vehicle was designed so that it could have an aggressive price classifying itself as a low-cost family car and had to be sold both in China and abroad. The project debuted in 2016 called [[Dongfeng Fengguang 580]], a five and seven-seater front-wheel or four-wheel drive SUV with [[Mitsubishi Motors|Mitsubishi]] engines. The brand name Fengguang (translated into Fengon in English) is used to distinguish them from the production of minivans called Sokon. On foreign markets, this vehicle will be renamed DFSK Glory (easier to pronounce) using the Dongfeng Dual Wings emblem on the grille, interior and rear.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

In the same years, the production of the minivan range was started in Indonesia and Thailand and exports also to South America and Eastern Europe.

DFSK began to assemble and market products in Indonesia in 2015.<ref name="indones">{{Cite web |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/07/27/chinese-car-be-produced-indonesia.html |title=Chinese car to be produced in Indonesia |last=Amianti |first=Grace |date=27 July 2015 |website=thejakartapost.com |publisher=The Jakarta Post}}</ref> Plans at the time of launch included an expected production of 50,000 units/year.<ref name="indones" />

In 2017, joint venture of DFSK and [https://dfskpakistan.com Regal Automobile] began assembly in [[Pakistan]]. Plant in [[Lahore]] producing SUV [https://dfskpakistan.com/glory-580-pro/ Glory 580] variants, C-37 Van, [https://dfskpakistan.com/humsafar-van/ Humsafar] MPV, K01 Pickup truck etc.

Total sales in 2017 reached 402,000 vehicles and in November 2018 Chongqing Sokon Group attempted to acquire the remaining 50% of the DFSK joint venture from Dongfeng for 621 million euros, becoming 100% owner. The deal was abandoned in July 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/70015386.html|title=Sokon to wholly own Dongfeng Sokon at expense of 26.01% stake offered to Dongfeng Motor Corporation|accessdate=16 October 2021|date = 18 November 2018}}</ref>

In September 2019, Sokon acquired the remaining 50% of the DFSK joint venture from Dongfeng. Seres continued to produce vehicles using the Dongfeng logo and under the DFSK brand while phasing out the Dongfeng logo on the Fengguang brand after it was renamed to Fengon.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.autothinker.net/Home/Publicsentiment/daily_express_details/id/162888/date/2020-04-16.html | title=东风小康成为小康股份全资子公司-Auto Thinker汽车智库平台 }}</ref>

In April 2020, Chongqing Sokon Industrial Group purchased 50% of DFSK's equity from Dongfeng Motor Group, making DFSK a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sokon Group.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://auto.sina.com.cn/news/hy/2020-04-03/detail-iimxyqwa4906642.shtml?hpid=00041 |title=小康股份全资控股东风小康获批 |work=新浪汽车 |date=2020-04-03 |accessdate=2023-09-28 |url-status=live |archive-date=2023-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928010018/https://auto.sina.com.cn/news/hy/2020-04-03/detail-iimxyqwa4906642.shtml?hpid=00041 }}</ref> As of 2021, DFSK has a total of 4 production bases in China, two of which are located in Shiyan, Hubei and two in Chongqing.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WELCOME TO DFSK|url=http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|accessdate=2018-09-08|author=Searles|first=Nathan|work=www.dfsk.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202407/http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|archivedate=2018-09-08}}</ref>

In August 2023, Dongfeng Sokon Automobile was renamed to Seres Automobile (Hubei).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Li |first=Na |date=2023-10-12 |script-title=zh:注册资本8亿东风小康公司更名赛力斯 |trans-title=Dongfeng Sokon changed its name to Seres with registered capital of RMB 800 million |url=https://www.autohome.com.cn/article?id=86btz_wP9HE= |url-status=live |access-date=2024-10-05 |work=Autohome |language=zh}}</ref>

==Products==

=== Fengon ===
'''Fengon''' (or '''DFSK Glory''' for foreign markets) formerly known as '''Dongfeng Fengguang (东风风光)''', is the sub-brand of Seres that produces passenger vehicles. Established in 2008, Fengon brand targets at affordable compact MPVs and SUVs. It used to be a joint-venture brand with [[Dongfeng Motor Group|Dongfeng Group]] but was fully acquired by Seres Group in 2022. The Fengon brand began to replace the former Dongfeng logo and replaced it with its own Fengon logo in models after the acquisition.

==== Current model ====
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=FENGON风光官网 |url=https://www.dffengguang.com.cn/ |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=www.dffengguang.com.cn}}</ref>

'''Car'''
* [[Fengon Mini EV]] (2022–present), city car
'''SUV'''
* [[Fengon ix5]] (2019–present), compact SUV
* [[Fengon 580]] (2016–present), mid-size SUV
* [[Fengon 500]] (2019–present), subcompact SUV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang S560|Fengon S560]] (2017–present), compact SUV
'''MPV/Minivan'''
* [[Fengon 380|Fengon 380/E380]] (2022–present), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330S|Fengon 330S]] (2019–present), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 330]] (2014–present), compact MPV<gallery widths="180" heights="120">
File:DFSK Fengon 5 1X7A7306.jpg|[[Fengon ix5]]
File:DFSK Fengon 500 IMG 8162.jpg|[[Fengon 500]]
File:Fengon 580 II 002.jpg|[[Fengon 580]]
File:2018 Dongfeng Fengguang S560 (front).jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang S560|Fengon S560]]
File:2022 Fengon 380 001.jpg|[[Fengon 380]]
File:2016 Dongfeng-Fengguang 330, front 8.4.18.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 330]]
File:Dongfeng Fengguang 330S 001.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330S|Fengon 330S]]
File:Fengon Mini EV 01.jpg|[[Fengon Mini EV]]
</gallery>

==== Discontinued model ====
'''SUV'''

* [[Renault Kwid|Fengon E1]] (2020-2023), city car, rebadged Dongfeng Nano EX1
* [[Fengon 500|Fengon E3]] (2019-2022), subcompact SUV, EREV variant of [[Fengon 500]]
* [[Fengon ix7]] (2020-2023), mid-size SUV

'''MPV/Minivan'''
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 370|Fengon 370]] (2016-2020), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 360]] (2015-2017), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 350]] (2016-2020), compact MPV
<gallery widths="180" heights="120">
File:DFSK Fengon 7 1X7A7302.jpg|[[Fengon ix7]]
File:2017 Dongfeng-Fengguang 370, front 8.5.18.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 370|Fengon 370]]
File:Dongfeng Fengguang 360.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 360]]
File:Dongfeng Fengguang 350 -- Auto China -- 2014-04-23.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 350]]
File:Fengon E3 001.jpg|[[Fengon 500|Fengon E3]]
</gallery>

=== DFSK/Dongfeng Sokon (东风小康) ===

The '''DFSK''' is a brand of Seres that produces light commercial vehicles. Currently available products include:

* [[DFSK C-Series|C-Series]]
** Sokon C37/C36
** Sokon C31/C32
* [[DFSK K-Series|K-Series]]
** Sokon K05
** Sokon K07
** Sokon K09
** Sokon K05S
** Sokon K07S
** Sokon K01/K02
* [[DFSK V-Series|V-Series]]
** Sokon V07S- microvan
** Sokon V21- single cab pickup
** Sokon V22- crew cab pickup
** Sokon V25- microvan
** Sokon V26- microvan
** Sokon V27- microvan
** Sokon V29- microvan/ pickup
* Ruichi (瑞驰) [[Electric vehicle|EV]]
** EC35- mid-size van
** EC31- small box truck
** ED75- mid-size van based on a reverse-engineered copy of the Toyota HiAce body

{{gallery|File:2018 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) C37, front 8.8.18.jpg|Sokon C37|File:2018 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) K07S, front 8.8.18.jpg|Sokon K07S|File:2009 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) K07, front 8.3.18.jpg|Sokon K07/K17|File:2014 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) K09, front 8.10.18.jpg|Sokon New K07|File:Dongfeng Sokon V29 China 2014-04-16.jpg|Sokon V29|File:2014 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) V07S, front 8.6.18.jpg|Sokon V07S|File:Dongfeng DFSK V27 Cargo 2014 (14690231661).jpg|Sokon V27 Cargo|File:DFSK V22 Crew Cab 2014 (11214262546).jpg|Sokon V22 Crew Cab|File:Dongfeng DFSK V21 1.3 2014 (13941808715).jpg|Sokon V21|File:2013 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) V21, front 8.7.18.jpg|Sokon V21 (2013)}}

== See also ==

* [[Automobile manufacturers and brands of China]]
* [[List of automobile manufacturers of China]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{official website|https://www.dfdongfeng.com.cn/}}

{{Dongfeng Motor}}
{{Automotive industry in China}}{{Automotive industry}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Dongfeng Motor joint ventures]]
[[Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Bus manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Truck manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Chinese brands]]
[[Category:Car brands]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Chongqing]]

Talk:DFSK Motor

2024-10-05T15:49:17Z

TimWu007: TimWu007 moved page Talk:DFSK Motor to Talk:Seres Automobile (Hubei): Renamed in Aug 2023

#REDIRECT [[Talk:Seres Automobile (Hubei)]]

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Talk:Seres Automobile (Hubei)

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TimWu007: TimWu007 moved page Talk:DFSK Motor to Talk:Seres Automobile (Hubei): Renamed in Aug 2023

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== Requested move 29 October 2020 ==
<div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #efe; margin: 0; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; border: 1px dotted #aaa;">
:''The following is a closed discussion of a [[Wikipedia:Requested moves|requested move]]. '''Please do not modify it.''' Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a [[Wikipedia:move review|move review]] after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion. ''

The result of the move request was: '''Moved''' ([[Wikipedia:Requested moves/Closing instructions#Non-admin closure|non-admin closure]]) ''[[User:BegbertBiggs|BegbertBiggs]] ([[User talk:BegbertBiggs|talk]])'' 13:44, 6 November 2020 (UTC)
----

[[:DFSK (Sokon)]] → {{no redirect|DFSK Motor}} – according to official site the correct name is DFSK Motor Co., LTD. [[Special:Contributions/37.161.141.240|37.161.141.240]] ([[User talk:37.161.141.240|talk]]) 11:49, 29 October 2020 (UTC)
*'''Support''' per nom.--[[User:Ortizesp|Ortizesp]] ([[User talk:Ortizesp|talk]]) 14:08, 29 October 2020 (UTC)
{{abot}}

== A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion ==
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion:
* [[commons:File:Dongfeng Sokon (DFSK) logo.svg|Dongfeng Sokon (DFSK) logo.svg]]
Participate in the deletion discussion at the [[commons:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Dongfeng Sokon (DFSK) logo.svg|nomination page]]. —[[User:Community Tech bot|Community Tech bot]] ([[User talk:Community Tech bot|talk]]) 12:23, 10 July 2021 (UTC)

== Oil chamber glory 580 pro ==

Mjha glory 580 pro ka oil chamber chahiya [[Special:Contributions/111.119.183.46|111.119.183.46]] ([[User talk:111.119.183.46|talk]]) 15:35, 28 December 2022 (UTC)

DFSK Motor

2024-10-05T15:49:16Z

TimWu007: TimWu007 moved page DFSK Motor to Seres Automobile (Hubei): Renamed in Aug 2023

#REDIRECT [[Seres Automobile (Hubei)]]

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Seres Automobile (Hubei)

2024-10-05T15:49:16Z

TimWu007: TimWu007 moved page DFSK Motor to Seres Automobile (Hubei): Renamed in Aug 2023

{{Short description|Chinese vehicle manufacturer}}

{{Infobox company
| name = DFSK Motor
| native_name = 东风小康
| logo = Dongfeng Sokon (DFSK) logo.svg
| image =
| image_caption =
| founded = {{start date and age|df=y|2003|06|27}}
| products = [[Car|Automobiles]], [[commercial vehicle]]s, [[List of auto parts|auto parts]]
| founders = [[Seres Group]]
| brands = DFSK Fengon (DFSK Glory) 
| romanized_name = Dongfeng Xiaokang
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| website = https://www.dfdongfeng.com.cn/
| parent = [[Seres Group]]
| module = {{Chinese
| child = yes
| s = 东风小康
| t = 東風小康
| p = Dōngfēng Xiǎokāng
| altname =
| w =
| mi =
| y =
| j =
| poj =
| l =
| order = st
}}
}}
'''Dongfeng Sokon Automobile''' ({{Lang-zh|c=|s=东风小康|t=|p=Dongfeng Xiaokang}}) known internationally as '''DFSK Motor''', was a joint venture between [[Dongfeng Motor Corporation|Dongfeng]] and [[Seres Group]] (formerly Sokon Group), formed on June 27, 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/brief-chongqing-sokons-sales-of-vehicles-idUSL3N1GN3KB |title=BRIEF-Chongqing Sokon's sales of vehicles, engines up in Feb |last=Hong Kong newsroom |date=10 March 2017 |website=reuters.com |publisher=Thomson Reuters}}</ref> It is now fully owned by Seres.

DFSK produces [[microvan]]s, flat-bed commercial trucks and passenger vehicles under the '''Sokon''' brand and sport utility vehicle under the '''Fengguang''' (''Fengon'' in English) and '''Glory''' brands.<ref name="dfsk-products">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dfsk.com.pe/index.php/inicio/modelos |title=Modelos |website=dfsk.ch |access-date=2018-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504085351/http://www.dfsk.com.pe/index.php/inicio/modelos |archive-date=2018-05-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Manufacturing for DFSK takes place in a total of four different facilities, two of which are located in [[Hubei]] [[Shiyan]] and two in [[Chongqing]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|title=WELCOME TO DFSK|last=Searles|first=Nathan|website=www.dfsk.com|access-date=2018-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202407/http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|archive-date=2018-09-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== History ==
At the beginning of 2000, [[Sokon|Chongqing Yu'an Innovation Technology (Group)]], a manufacturer of [[motorcycles]] and [[automotive component]]s, and [[Dongfeng Motor]] evaluated the possibility of manufacturing [[microvans]] intended for small Chinese businesses. Dongfeng had experience producing cars for [[Groupe PSA|PSA]], but had not yet produced vehicles in the light commercial segment, and approved the project.

In 2003 the [[joint venture]] ''Dongfeng Yu'an Automobile'', headquartered in [[Chongqing]], was formed and work began on the construction of a new factory. Yu'an Group provided the design for the microvans, and acquired licensing for the production of [[chassis]], [[internal combustion engines|engines]], and components for microvans from [[Suzuki]]. Dongfeng was responsible for the engineering and testing of the vehicles. In 2005, they debuted their first small van, called the C-Series. It was offered in multiple configurations (paneled, passenger minibus and pick-up) with Suzuki engines and [[rear-wheel drive]]. At its debut, the Yu'an Group changed its name to [[Sokon|Chongquin Sokon Industry Group]] (abbreviated to ''Sokon'' in English or ''Sokon'' in Chinese) and the joint venture consequently became Dongfeng Sokon Automobile (abbreviated to DFSK).

In the Chinese market the vehicles are sold as Dongfeng Sokon while in the export markets the name DFSK is used. In both cases, the brand on the grille is Dongfeng's “Dual Wings”.

Subsequently, DFSK presents numerous other models of minivans and starts exporting them also in [[Europe]]; in the [[UK]] they will be distributed by subsidiary Sokon Automobile while in [[Italy]] by [[Giottiline|Giotti Victoria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2017.gonews.it/2017/10/04/giotti-victoria-accordo-al-2020-la-dongfeng/|date=4 November 2017|language=it|title=Giotti Victoria accordo al 2020 la Dongfeng|accessdate=15 October 2021}}</ref>

In September 2003, Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles (瑞驰新能源公司), a fully-funded subsidiary of Chongqing Sokon Group was established. As an enterprise for the manufacturing, sales and services for the pure electric commercial vehicles, Ruichi is one of the earliest enterprises in China with qualifications for the production of pure electric commercial vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.sokon.com/en/businesses/ruichi.html|language=en|title=Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles is committed to becoming a leading brand for the mini electric commercial vehicles.|accessdate=17 February 2023}}</ref> Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles is now a fully-funded subsidiary of [[Seres (automobiles)|Seres]], with products being rebadged electrified versions of DFSK's microvans and trucks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rc-ev.com/cms/p/profile.html|language=zh|title=瑞驰新能源公司简介|accessdate=17 February 2023}}</ref>

In 2013, DFSK decided to enter the lucrative [[Sport Utility Vehicle|SUV]] market by starting the design of a seven-seater mid-size vehicle using Dongfeng technologies; this vehicle was designed so that it could have an aggressive price classifying itself as a low-cost family car and had to be sold both in China and abroad. The project debuted in 2016 called [[Dongfeng Fengguang 580]], a five and seven-seater front-wheel or four-wheel drive SUV with [[Mitsubishi Motors|Mitsubishi]] engines. The brand name Fengguang (translated into Fengon in English) is used to distinguish them from the production of minivans called Sokon. On foreign markets, this vehicle will be renamed DFSK Glory (easier to pronounce) using the Dongfeng Dual Wings emblem on the grille, interior and rear.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

In the same years, the production of the minivan range was started in Indonesia and Thailand and exports also to South America and Eastern Europe.

DFSK began to assemble and market products in Indonesia in 2015.<ref name="indones">{{Cite web |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/07/27/chinese-car-be-produced-indonesia.html |title=Chinese car to be produced in Indonesia |last=Amianti |first=Grace |date=27 July 2015 |website=thejakartapost.com |publisher=The Jakarta Post}}</ref> Plans at the time of launch included an expected production of 50,000 units/year.<ref name="indones" />

In 2017, joint venture of DFSK and [https://dfskpakistan.com Regal Automobile] began assembly in [[Pakistan]]. Plant in [[Lahore]] producing SUV [https://dfskpakistan.com/glory-580-pro/ Glory 580] variants, C-37 Van, [https://dfskpakistan.com/humsafar-van/ Humsafar] MPV, K01 Pickup truck etc.

Total sales in 2017 reached 402,000 vehicles and in November 2018 Chongqing Sokon Group attempted to acquire the remaining 50% of the DFSK joint venture from Dongfeng for 621 million euros, becoming 100% owner. The deal was abandoned in July 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/70015386.html|title=Sokon to wholly own Dongfeng Sokon at expense of 26.01% stake offered to Dongfeng Motor Corporation|accessdate=16 October 2021|date = 18 November 2018}}</ref>

In September 2019, Sokon acquired the remaining 50% of the DFSK joint venture from Dongfeng. Seres continued to produce vehicles using the Dongfeng logo and under the DFSK brand while phasing out the Dongfeng logo on the Fengguang brand after it was renamed to Fengon.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.autothinker.net/Home/Publicsentiment/daily_express_details/id/162888/date/2020-04-16.html | title=东风小康成为小康股份全资子公司-Auto Thinker汽车智库平台 }}</ref>

In April 2020, Chongqing Sokon Industrial Group purchased 50% of DFSK's equity from Dongfeng Motor Group, making DFSK a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sokon Group.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://auto.sina.com.cn/news/hy/2020-04-03/detail-iimxyqwa4906642.shtml?hpid=00041 |title=小康股份全资控股东风小康获批 |work=新浪汽车 |date=2020-04-03 |accessdate=2023-09-28 |url-status=live |archive-date=2023-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928010018/https://auto.sina.com.cn/news/hy/2020-04-03/detail-iimxyqwa4906642.shtml?hpid=00041 }}</ref> As of 2021, DFSK has a total of 4 production bases in China, two of which are located in Shiyan, Hubei and two in Chongqing.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WELCOME TO DFSK|url=http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|accessdate=2018-09-08|author=Searles|first=Nathan|work=www.dfsk.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202407/http://www.dfsk.com/index.php/Index/story|archivedate=2018-09-08}}</ref>

==Products==

=== Fengon ===
'''Fengon''' (or '''DFSK Glory''' for foreign markets) formerly known as '''Dongfeng Fengguang (东风风光)''', is the sub-brand of Seres that produces passenger vehicles. Established in 2008, Fengon brand targets at affordable compact MPVs and SUVs. It used to be a joint-venture brand with [[Dongfeng Motor Group|Dongfeng Group]] but was fully acquired by Seres Group in 2022. The Fengon brand began to replace the former Dongfeng logo and replaced it with its own Fengon logo in models after the acquisition.

==== Current model ====
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=FENGON风光官网 |url=https://www.dffengguang.com.cn/ |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=www.dffengguang.com.cn}}</ref>

'''Car'''
* [[Fengon Mini EV]] (2022–present), city car
'''SUV'''
* [[Fengon ix5]] (2019–present), compact SUV
* [[Fengon 580]] (2016–present), mid-size SUV
* [[Fengon 500]] (2019–present), subcompact SUV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang S560|Fengon S560]] (2017–present), compact SUV
'''MPV/Minivan'''
* [[Fengon 380|Fengon 380/E380]] (2022–present), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330S|Fengon 330S]] (2019–present), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 330]] (2014–present), compact MPV<gallery widths="180" heights="120">
File:DFSK Fengon 5 1X7A7306.jpg|[[Fengon ix5]]
File:DFSK Fengon 500 IMG 8162.jpg|[[Fengon 500]]
File:Fengon 580 II 002.jpg|[[Fengon 580]]
File:2018 Dongfeng Fengguang S560 (front).jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang S560|Fengon S560]]
File:2022 Fengon 380 001.jpg|[[Fengon 380]]
File:2016 Dongfeng-Fengguang 330, front 8.4.18.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 330]]
File:Dongfeng Fengguang 330S 001.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330S|Fengon 330S]]
File:Fengon Mini EV 01.jpg|[[Fengon Mini EV]]
</gallery>

==== Discontinued model ====
'''SUV'''

* [[Renault Kwid|Fengon E1]] (2020-2023), city car, rebadged Dongfeng Nano EX1
* [[Fengon 500|Fengon E3]] (2019-2022), subcompact SUV, EREV variant of [[Fengon 500]]
* [[Fengon ix7]] (2020-2023), mid-size SUV

'''MPV/Minivan'''
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 370|Fengon 370]] (2016-2020), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 360]] (2015-2017), compact MPV
* [[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 350]] (2016-2020), compact MPV
<gallery widths="180" heights="120">
File:DFSK Fengon 7 1X7A7302.jpg|[[Fengon ix7]]
File:2017 Dongfeng-Fengguang 370, front 8.5.18.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 370|Fengon 370]]
File:Dongfeng Fengguang 360.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 360]]
File:Dongfeng Fengguang 350 -- Auto China -- 2014-04-23.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 350]]
File:Fengon E3 001.jpg|[[Fengon 500|Fengon E3]]
</gallery>

=== DFSK/Dongfeng Sokon (东风小康) ===

The '''DFSK''' is a brand of Seres that produces light commercial vehicles. Currently available products include:

* [[DFSK C-Series|C-Series]]
** Sokon C37/C36
** Sokon C31/C32
* [[DFSK K-Series|K-Series]]
** Sokon K05
** Sokon K07
** Sokon K09
** Sokon K05S
** Sokon K07S
** Sokon K01/K02
* [[DFSK V-Series|V-Series]]
** Sokon V07S- microvan
** Sokon V21- single cab pickup
** Sokon V22- crew cab pickup
** Sokon V25- microvan
** Sokon V26- microvan
** Sokon V27- microvan
** Sokon V29- microvan/ pickup
* Ruichi (瑞驰) [[Electric vehicle|EV]]
** EC35- mid-size van
** EC31- small box truck
** ED75- mid-size van based on a reverse-engineered copy of the Toyota HiAce body

{{gallery|File:2018 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) C37, front 8.8.18.jpg|Sokon C37|File:2018 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) K07S, front 8.8.18.jpg|Sokon K07S|File:2009 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) K07, front 8.3.18.jpg|Sokon K07/K17|File:2014 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) K09, front 8.10.18.jpg|Sokon New K07|File:Dongfeng Sokon V29 China 2014-04-16.jpg|Sokon V29|File:2014 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) V07S, front 8.6.18.jpg|Sokon V07S|File:Dongfeng DFSK V27 Cargo 2014 (14690231661).jpg|Sokon V27 Cargo|File:DFSK V22 Crew Cab 2014 (11214262546).jpg|Sokon V22 Crew Cab|File:Dongfeng DFSK V21 1.3 2014 (13941808715).jpg|Sokon V21|File:2013 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) V21, front 8.7.18.jpg|Sokon V21 (2013)}}

== See also ==

* [[Automobile manufacturers and brands of China]]
* [[List of automobile manufacturers of China]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{official website|https://www.dfdongfeng.com.cn/}}

{{Dongfeng Motor}}
{{Automotive industry in China}}{{Automotive industry}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Dongfeng Motor joint ventures]]
[[Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Bus manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Truck manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Chinese brands]]
[[Category:Car brands]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Chongqing]]

Zhengzhou Greenland Central Plaza

2024-10-05T14:30:31Z

TimWu007: (GR) File renamed: File:IMG20230802195226v.jpg → File:郑州绿地中心 20230802.jpg Criterion 2

[[File:郑州绿地中心 20230802.jpg|thumb|right|The Twin Towers of Greenland Center in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China]]
{{Multiple issues|
{{more footnotes|date=March 2017}}
{{refimprove|date=March 2017}}
}}
{{distinguish|Zhengzhou Greenland Plaza}}
{{Short description|Skyscraper in Zhengzhou, Henan, China}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Zhengzhou Greenland Central Plaza
| native_name = 郑州绿地中心
| native_name_lang = zh-Hans
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| image = 20201216 Twin towers of Zhengzhou Greenland Central Plaza.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt = 
| image_caption = 
| map_type =
| map_alt =
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| former_names =
| alternate_names =
| etymology =
| status = Complete
| cancelled =
| topped_out =
| building_type =
| architectural_style =
| classification =
| location = [[Zhengdong New Area]]
| address = [[Zhengzhou East railway station]] West Plaza
| location_city = [[Zhengzhou]], [[Henan]]
| location_country = China
| coordinates = {{coord|34|45|36|N|113|45|43|E|display=inline,title}}
| altitude =
| current_tenants =
| namesake =
| groundbreaking_date = 2010
| start_date = 2011
| stop_date =
| est_completion =
| topped_out_date =
| completion_date = November 2016
| opened_date =
| inauguration_date =
| relocated_date =
| renovation_date =
| closing_date =
| demolition_date = 
| cost =
| ren_cost =
| client =
| owner = [[Greenland Group]]
| landlord =
| affiliation =
| height =
| architectural =
| tip = {{convert|284|m|ft|abbr=on}} (Tower 1 and 2)
| antenna_spire = {{convert|284|m|ft|abbr=on}} (Tower 1 and 2)
| roof =
| top_floor =
| observatory =
| diameter =
| circumference =
| weight =
| other_dimensions =
| structural_system =
| material =
| size =
| floor_count = 63 x 2
| floor_area =
| elevator_count =
| grounds_area =
| architect =
| architecture_firm =
| developer =
| engineer =
| structural_engineer =
| services_engineer =
| civil_engineer =
| other_designers =
| quantity_surveyor =
| main_contractor =
| awards =
| designations =
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| ren_architect =
| ren_firm =
| ren_engineer =
| ren_str_engineer =
| ren_serv_engineer =
| ren_civ_engineer =
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| ren_qty_surveyor =
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| rooms = 
| parking =
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| embed =
| embedded =
| references =
| footnotes =
}}{{Infobox Chinese|order=st
|s={{linktext|郑|东|绿地|中心}} |t=鄭東綠地中心
|p=Zhèngdōng Lǜdì Zhōngxīn
}}

'''Zhengzhou Greenland Central Plaza''' is an office complex in the [[Zhengdong New Area]] of [[Zhengzhou]], [[Henan]]. The complex consists of two [[skyscrapers]]: the south tower and the north tower. Both towers are {{convert|284|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall with 63 floors.<ref name="skyrisecities">{{cite web|url=http://skyrisecities.com/database/projects/zhengzhou-greenland-center|publisher=skyrisecities.com|title=Zhengzhou Greenland Center | SkyriseCities|access-date=2017-03-02}}</ref> Completed in late 2016, the twin towers have become the tallest skyscrapers in Zhengzhou, surpassing the {{convert|280|m|ft|abbr=on}} high [[Zhengzhou Greenland Plaza]].

==See also==
*[[Zhengzhou Greenland Plaza]]
*[[Dalian Greenland Center]]
*[[Wuhan Greenland Center]]
*[[Goldin Finance 117]]
*[[China Zun]]
*[[Tianjin Chow Tai Fook Binhai Center]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Zhengzhou}}
[[Category:Greenland Holdings]]
[[Category:Skyscrapers in Zhengzhou]]
[[Category:Commercial buildings completed in 2012]]
[[Category:Skyscraper office buildings in China]]
{{China-struct-stub}}
[[Category:Twin towers]]
[[Category:2012 in Zhengzhou]]

Qingyuan Maglev Tourist Line

2024-09-29T06:33:10Z

TimWu007: Restored revision 1246817398 by The Little Chinese Engine (talk)

{{short description|Maglev line completed in Qingyuan, China}}
{{Infobox rail line
| name = Qingyuan Maglev Tourist Line
| native_name = 清远磁浮旅游专线
| native_name_lang = zh
| status = Completed
| image = QY03 entering Maglev Yinzhan Station, Qingyuan Maglev 20240206.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| caption = QY03 train entering Maglev Yinzhan Station
| locale = [[Qingyuan]], [[Guangdong|Guangdong Province]], [[China]]
| owner = Qing Yuan Maglev Transportation Co., Ltd
| yearcommenced = 2017
| planopen = 2024
| stations = 3
| start = Maglev Yinzhan
| end = Maglev Changlong
| type = [[Light rail]] ([[Maglev]])
| stock = 3-car maglev trains (by [[CRRC Tangshan]] and [[CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles|CRRC Changchun]])
| trainnumber = 5
| linelength_km = 8.014
| tracks = 2
| character = Fully elevated
| gauge = {{Track gauge|1860 mm}}
| speed_km/h = 120
}}

'''Qingyuan Maglev Tourist Line''' is a medium-low speed [[maglev]] line under construction in [[Qingyuan]], [[Guangdong]] province, China.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://enghunan.gov.cn/newscollection/news2019/March2019/201907/t20190719_5403481.html |title=Hunan Government Website International-enghunan.gov.cn World's First Intelligent Maglev Track Panel Production Line Starts Mass Production |website=enghunan.gov.cn |publisher=[[Government of China]] |location=China |access-date=2019-10-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-07/03/c_137299129.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703191105/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-07/03/c_137299129.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 3, 2018 |title=Guangdong's first medium-low-speed meglev train to start operation in 2019 - Xinhua |website=www.xinhuanet.com |publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |location=China |access-date=2019-10-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201807/03/WS5b3b885fa3103349141e079a.html |title=Guangdong's first medium-low-speed meglev train to start operation in 2019 - Chinadaily.com.cn |last=刘明 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn |publisher=[[China Daily]] |location=China |access-date=2019-10-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/nov/27/magnetic-levitation-the-return-of-transports-great-what-if-maglev |title=Magnetic levitation: the return of transport's great 'what if?' |last=Beanland |first=Christopher |date=2018-11-27 |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=United Kingdom |access-date=2019-10-21}}</ref>

The line will operate at speeds up to 120 km/h.<ref name=q202012>{{cite web|url=http://digi.hsw.cn/system/2022/1109/161719.shtml|date=2022-11-09|title=国内首条中低速磁浮旅游专线全线贯通}}</ref> The first phase is 8.1 km with 3 stations and a site reserved for a fourth station.<ref name=dayoo201912>{{cite web|url=http://news.dayoo.com/gzrbrmt/201912/04/158561_52954591.htm|date=2019-12-04|title=国内最长的磁浮线隧道在清远实现贯通}}</ref> The first phase will connect the Yinzhan railway station on [[Guangzhou–Qingyuan intercity railway]] with the Qingyuan [[Chimelong]] Theme Park.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epaper.oeeee.com/epaper/G/html/2017-04/17/content_22834.htm|title=清远磁浮旅游专线进行预可行性评估|date=2017-04-17}}</ref> In long-term the line will be 38.5 km.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.guancha.cn/internation/2019_03_14_493554.shtml|title=中国自主研发设计，全球首条智能化磁浮轨排生产线实现量产|date=2019-03-14}}</ref>

==Stations==
[[File:East Platform, Maglev Yinzhan Station, Qingyuan Maglev 20240206-B.jpg|thumb|Platform of Maglev Yinzhan Station]]
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Station name<ref name=q202012>{{cite web|url=http://digi.hsw.cn/system/2022/1109/161719.shtml|date=2022-11-09|title=国内首条中低速磁浮旅游专线全线贯通}}</ref>
! rowspan="2" | Connections
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" | Distance {{small|km}}
! rowspan="2" | Location
|-
! {{small|English}}
! {{small|Chinese}}
|- style = "background:#bbbbbb; height: 2pt"
| colspan = "6" |
|-bgcolor="lightgrey"
|[[Yinzhan railway station#Maglev|Maglev Yinzhan]]
|{{large|{{lang|zh-cn|磁浮银盏}}}}
|{{RouteBox|Guangzhou-Qingyuan|Guangzhou–Qingyuan intercity railway|#{{rcr|CRH|intercity}}}}
|
|{{coord|23.5520494|113.1246584}}
|-bgcolor="lightgrey"
|[[Butterfly Bay station|Butterfly Bay]]
|{{large|{{lang|zh-cn|湖蝶湾}}}}
|
|
|{{coord|23.57492|113.12487}}

|-bgcolor="lightgrey"
|[[Maglev Changlong station|Maglev Changlong]]
|{{large|{{lang|zh-cn|磁浮长隆}}}}
|
|
|{{coord|23.58979|113.15784}}
|- style = "background:#bbbbbb; height: 2pt"
| colspan = "6" |
|}

==History ==
The first train of Qingyuan Maglev rolled off the assembly line in the train's depot in December 2022,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-18 |title=Commissioning on 1st Qingyuan Maglev train developed by CRRC started |url=https://www.crrcgc.cc/en/g5175/s10162/t338017.aspx |work=CRRC Corporation}}</ref> and starts test run on March 23, 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mo |first=Hongge |date=2023-03-24 |title=China's first maglev tourism line starts test run |url=https://www.ecns.cn/news/cns-wire/2023-03-24/detail-ihcmtmyf9999799.shtml |access-date=2024-02-07 |work=ECNS}}</ref> All track-laying work for the line completed on August 10, 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-11 |title=Track-laying work completed for 1st medium-and-low speed maglev line in Guangdong |url=https://english.news.cn/20230811/94befc0df49440bb9315611f583e5ea0/c.html |access-date=2024-02-07 |work=Xinhua}}</ref>

On September 28, 2023, the line has entered the no-load test operation stage.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Peng |first=Yongzhen |date=2023-09-28 |script-title=zh:清远磁浮列车上线试运行！ |trans-title=QIngyuan Maglev Starts Trial Operation |url=https://pc.nfapp.southcn.com/4037/8150964.html |work=Qingyuan Daily |language=zh |via=Southcn.com}}</ref> The line's trial operation was briefly open to the public from February 5 to 6, 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zhu |first=Wenhua |date=2024-02-04 |script-title=zh:预约免费试乘！清远磁浮旅游专线试运营 |trans-title=Book a Free Ride of Qingyuan Maglev Tourist Line! |url=https://pc.nfapp.southcn.com/4037/8576981.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204132750/https://pc.nfapp.southcn.com/4037/8576981.html |archive-date=2024-02-04 |access-date=2024-02-04 |work=Qingyuan Daily |via=Southcn.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Commonscat-inline}}
* [http://www.gdqycf.com/ Qing Yuan Maglev Transportation Co., Ltd]

{{Northern Guangdong transit}}
{{Rapid transit in the People's Republic of China}}

[[Category:Maglev]]
[[Category:Rapid transit in China]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Guangdong]]
[[Category:Transport infrastructure under construction in China]]

Seres Group

2024-09-25T14:58:05Z

TimWu007:

{{Short description|Chinese vehicle manufacturer}}
{{Distinguish|||text=[[Seres (automobiles)]], the subsidiary}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Seres Group Co., Ltd
| native_name = 赛力斯集团股份有限公司
| native_name_lang = zh
| logo = Seres Group Logo.png
| founded = {{start date and age|df=y|1986|09|}}
| products = [[Car|Automobiles]], Motorcycle, [[commercial vehicle]]s, [[List of auto parts|auto parts]]
| former_name = Sokon Group
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{sse|601127}}
| founders = Zhang Xinghai
| subsid = [[Seres (automobiles)|Seres]] [[DFSK Motor]] XGJAO Motorcycle Yu'an Shock Absorber Company Jinkang New Energy Ruichi Automobile
| hq_location_city = [[Chongqing]]
| hq_location_country = China
| area_served = Worldwide
| predecessors = {{ubl
|Chongqing Baxian Fenghuang Electronic Factory (1986-1996)
|Chongqing Yu'an Shock Absorber Company (1996-2007)
|Chongqing Sokon Automobile (2007-2022)
}}
| num_employees = 13,238<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.search.yahoo.com/?fr2=inr|title=Yahoo Search - Web Search|website=in.search.yahoo.com}}</ref>
| owners = {{plainlist|
* Chongqing Sokon Holding (founder Zhang's family) {{small|(26.53%)}}
* [[Dongfeng Motor Corporation]] {{small|(21.68%)}}
* Chongqing Yu'an Automotive Industrial (government of Chongqing) {{small|(4.38%)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vip.stock.finance.sina.com.cn/corp/go.php/vCI_StockHolder/stockid/601127/displaytype/30.phtml|title=Profile|accessdate=7 June 2021}}</ref>
}}
| image =
| image_caption =
| romanized_name =
| industry = {{unbulleted list |[[Automotive industry|Automotive]]|Production systems}}
| website = {{url|https://www.global-seres.com/en/|global-seres.com}}
}}
'''Seres Group''' ({{Lang-zh|s=赛力斯集团股份有限公司|labels=no}}) (previously known as '''Sokon Group or''' '''Chongqing Sokon Industry Group Co., Ltd''', {{Lang-zh|s=重庆小康工业集团股份有限公司|labels=no}})<ref name="ShanghaiStock601127_2022-070" /> is a Chinese automotive manufacturer founded in September 1986 with headquarters in [[Chongqing]], China.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About - Seres Group Co., Ltd. |url=https://seres.cn/EnAbout.html |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=seres.cn}}</ref> Born as a manufacturer of components for household appliances and [[shock absorbers]], it currently produces [[cars]], [[motorcycles]] and [[commercial vehicles]] as well as shock absorbers and [[internal combustion engines]]. In 2022, the company renamed to '''Seres Group''' from '''Sokon Group'''.<ref name="ShanghaiStock601127_2022-070" /> It operates through its subsidiaries [[Seres (automobiles)|Seres]], [[DFSK Motor]], XGJAO Motorcycle and Yu'an Shock Absorber Company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.sokon.com/en/about/about.html|title=Sokon: Profile|accessdate=7 June 2021|archive-date=12 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412235847/http://en.sokon.com/en/about/about.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

While Chinese automotive manufacturers are either [[state-owned]] or privately owned, Seres shareholders include private investors as well as a local government entity and a state-owned company.

The name [[Serica|Seres]] is derived from the Ancient Greek word "Σῆρες" which means "China".

==History==
The forerunner of the Sokon Group was '''Chongqing Baxian Fenghuang Electronic Factory''' (重庆巴县凤凰电器弹簧厂), a company founded in September 1986 by Zhang Xinghai and other shareholders, mainly engaged in the manufacture and sale of Japanese-licensed components for household appliances and springs for automotive seats. The products were destined for both the Chinese and Japanese markets and quickly achieved a market share in the sector of 90%. In September 1996, the Chongqing Yu'an Shock Absorber Company was founded, marking the establishment of a new plant dedicated to producing shock absorbers for cars and motorcycles. The plant quickly reached its peak production capacity, exceeding 1.5 million units per year. Subsequently, the company underwent a name change to Chongqing Yu'an Innovation Technology (Group).

Given the enormous success in components, Chongqing Yu'an decided to enter directly into the [[automotive]] and motorcycle production sector by entering into numerous agreements with both Japanese and Chinese manufacturers to create the new range of vehicles.

In July 2002, XGJAO Motorbyke was founded, a manufacturer of low cost sports motorcycles intended mainly for a young audience and the first models on the market were launched (the F4 followed in the following years by the F5, F6 and F7).

For the automotive production, an agreement was signed with [[Suzuki]] for the licensed supply of [[chassis]] and engines for [[microvan]]s and small commercial vehicles and on 27 June 2003, the new [[DFSK Motor|Dongfeng Yu'an Automobile]] 50:50 joint venture with headquarters in Chongqing and assembly plant in [[Wuhan]] was founded together with [[Dongfeng Motor Corporation]]. Subsequently, an engineering center for the design of [[electric vehicles]] called Chongqing Ruichi Automobile Company was created.

In 2005 the first vehicle of the joint venture went into production at the Dongfeng plant in Wuhan: the microvan Dongfeng Yu'an K-Series which was also exported abroad (including Europe).

In May 2007 the entire industrial group changed its name to '''Chongqing Sokon Automobile Co., Ltd''': the Yu'an brand was kept only to identify the production of shock absorbers and components, the Dongfeng Yu'an brand present on the minivans thus became Dongfeng Sokon (abbreviated to DFSK in overseas markets). In May 2012, the millionth vehicle of the Dongfeng Sokon joint venture was produced.

On 15 June 2016, the Sokon group was listed on the [[Shanghai Stock Exchange]]. In the same year, the first [[SUV]]-type vehicles, resulting from the joint venture with the Dongfeng group called [[DFSK Glory 580]], went into production. In addition, the start-up [[SF Motors]] was founded in [[Santa Clara, California|Santa Clara]], California, with the intention of producing electric vehicles. SF Motors purchased [[AM General]]'s manufacturing facility and opened three development and design centers for electric vehicles (one in California, one in [[Michigan]] and one in Chongqing).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.autonews.com/china/sf-motors-plans-open-ev-operations-indiana-plant-end-2020|title=SF Motors plans to open EV operations at Indiana plant by end of 2020|date=5 June 2021|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref>

In November 2018, the group restructured, with Sokon acquiring Dongfeng's share in the joint venture for 621 million [[euro]]s, becoming sole owner of DFSK. In exchange, Dongfeng acquired 26.1% of Sokon for 620 million euros, becoming its majority shareholder.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/70015386.html|title=Sokon to wholly own Dongfeng Sokon at expense of 26.01% stake offered to Dongfeng Motor Corporation|access-date=7 June 2021|date=19 November 2018}}</ref>

In January 2019 an agreement was signed with [[Huawei]] for the development of information technologies and software for electric vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/Detail/70015602.html|date=23 January 2019|access-date=8 June 2021|title=Sokon, Huawei ally on NEV, ICV, ICT infrastructure}}</ref>

To improve its electric vehicle production, in April 2022 the company signed an agreement with battery maker [[CATL]], which will remain effective until 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/70018702.html|title=
Sokon signs contract with CATL for long-term battery supply|date=22 April 2022|accessdate=14 October 2022}}</ref>

In July 2022, the company name was changed to Seres Group.<ref name="FT601127SHH">{{Cite web |title=Seres Group Co Ltd, 601127:SHH profile |url=https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/profile?s=601127:SHH |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313035644/https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/profile?s=601127:SHH |archive-date=2023-03-13 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=[[Financial Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ShanghaiStock601127_2022-070">{{Cite web |url=https://static.sse.com.cn/disclosure/listedinfo/announcement/c/new/2022-07-12/601127_20220712_4_o7C7Bz9u.pdf |date=2022-07-12 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=[[Shanghai Stock Exchange]] |last=重庆小康工业集团股份有限公司董事会 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313145405/https://static.sse.com.cn/disclosure/listedinfo/announcement/c/new/2022-07-12/601127_20220712_4_o7C7Bz9u.pdf |archive-date=2023-03-13 |url-status=live |author-link=Sokon |language=zh |script-title=zh:重庆小康工业集团股份有限公司关于拟变更公司名称、证券简称的公告 |trans-title=Chongqing Sokon Industrial Group Co., Ltd name change and stock symbol change |id=601127 2022-070}} (listed under [http://www.sse.com.cn/home/search/?webswd=601127 赛力斯 ( 601127 )] 公告)
* new name: {{Lang-zh|s=赛力斯集团股份有限公司}} / Seres Group Co., Ltd.
* current name: {{Lang-zh|s=重庆小康工业集团股份有限公司}} / Chongqing Sokon Industrial Group Co., Ltd.
</ref>

In August 2024, [[Seres Group]] announced that it would invest in Huawei's subsidiary "Yinwang" (Shenzhen Yinwang Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd.), accounting for 10% of its shares, with a price of RMB 11.5 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=腾讯网 |date=2024-08-25 |title=投资115亿元！赛力斯拿下引望10%股权华为：引望将继续开放股权合作_腾讯新闻 |url=https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20240825A0618Z00 |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=news.qq.com |language=zh-CN}}</ref>

== Brands and products ==

=== Seres ===
{{main|Seres (automobiles)}}

Seres is a brand of [[electric vehicle]] marketed by Seres Group. Since 2023, Seres brand was shifted to export brand, while AITO became a domestic-only brand.<ref>{{Cite web |title=公司业务 - 赛力斯集团 |url=https://www.seres.cn/business.html |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=www.seres.cn}}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="120">
File:Seres_3_IAA_2023_1X7A0354.jpg|[[Fengon 500#Seres 3|Seres 3]]
File:Seres_5_IAA_2023_1X7A0327.jpg|[[Seres SF5|Seres 5]]
File:Seres_7_IAA_2023_1X7A0329.jpg|[[AITO M7#Seres 7|Seres 7]]
</gallery>

=== AITO ===
{{main|AITO (marque)}}

AITO is a brand [[Seres (automobiles)|Seres Automobile]] collaborates with [[Huawei]] for smart electric vehicle. Huawei is leads in the design of AITO models while Seres conducts in production. The AITO trademark was owned by Seres but was sold to Huawei in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=重磅！"问界"商标已转让给华为-开源基础软件社区-51CTO.COM |url=https://ost.51cto.com/posts/24545 |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=ost.51cto.com}}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="120">
File:2022 Seres AITO M5 (front).jpg|[[AITO M5]]
File:Aito M7 facelift 001.jpg|[[AITO M7]]
File:Aito M9 007 (cropped).jpg|[[AITO M9]]
</gallery>

=== Landian ===
{{main|Seres (automobiles)}}

Landian is Seres brand for budget electric vehicles which unveiled in March 2023. The word Landian literally means blue electricity (蓝电) in Chinese.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kang/CnEVPost |first=Lei |date=2023-03-30 |title=Seres unveils new NEV brand Landian and 1st model E5 with BYD, Huawei technology |url=https://cnevpost.com/2023/03/30/seres-unveils-new-nev-brand-landian-1st-model-e5/ |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=CnEVPost |language=en-US}}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="120">
Landian E5 at Auto Guangzhou 2023 20231126.jpg|[[Fengon 580#Landian E5|Landian E5]]
</gallery>

=== Fengon ===
{{main|DFSK Motor}}

'''Fengon''' (or '''DFSK Glory''' for foreign markets) formerly known as '''Dongfeng Fengguang''' (东风风光), is the brand of Seres that produces passenger vehicles. Established in 2008, Fengon brand targets at affordable compact MPVs and SUVs. It was a joint venture brand with [[Dongfeng Motor Group|Dongfeng Group]] until it was fully acquired by Seres Group in 2022.
<gallery widths="180" heights="120">
File:DFSK Fengon 5 1X7A7306.jpg|[[Fengon ix5]]
File:Fengon 580 II 002.jpg|[[Fengon 580]]
File:2018 Dongfeng Fengguang S560 (front).jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang S560|Fengon S560]]
File:2022 Fengon 380 001.jpg|[[Fengon 380]]
File:2016 Dongfeng-Fengguang 330, front 8.4.18.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 330]]
File:Fengon Mini EV 01.jpg|[[Fengon Mini EV]]
</gallery>

=== DFSK / Dongfeng Sokon ===
{{main|DFSK Motor}}

'''DFSK''' (short for '''Dongfeng Sokon''') is a brand of Seres that produces light commercial vehicles. It was a joint venture brand with [[Dongfeng Motor Group|Dongfeng Group]] until it was fully acquired by Seres Group in 2022.

{{gallery|File:2018 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) C37, front 8.8.18.jpg|Sokon C-series|File:2014 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) K09, front 8.10.18.jpg|Sokon K-series|File:Dongfeng DFSK V27 Cargo 2014 (14690231661).jpg|Sokon V-series}}

=== Ruichi Automobiles ===
Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles was established in September, 2003. The company is a fully-funded subsidiary of Chongqing Sokon Group for pure electric commercial vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles is committed to becoming a leading brand for the mini electric commercial vehicles. |url=https://seres.cn/ruichi.html |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=seres.cn}}</ref>

<gallery widths="180" heights="120">
File:Ruichi EC31 Shishi 01 2022-10-15.jpg|Ruichi EC31
File:Ruichi EC35 Shishi 01 2022-06-24.jpg|Ruichi EC35
File:Ruichi ED71 001.jpg|Ruichi ED71
File:Ruichi EC75 001.jpg|Ruichi EC75
</gallery>

== Sales ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Seres Group sales<ref>{{Cite web |title=赛力斯(601127)年度报告_新浪财经_新浪网 |url=https://vip.stock.finance.sina.com.cn/corp/go.php/vCB_Bulletin/stockid/601127/page_type/ndbg.phtml |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=vip.stock.finance.sina.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=汽车品牌销量排行榜，汽车品牌销量查询，2023年汽车品牌销量排行榜 - 车主之家 |url=https://xl.16888.com/brand.html |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=xl.16888.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2012年中国汽车销量：增加4.3%为1,931万辆 - MarkLines全球汽车产业平台 |url=https://www.marklines.com/cn/report_all/rep1146_201302 |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=www.marklines.com}}</ref>
!Year
!Total
![[Seres (automobiles)|Seres]]
![[DFSK Motor|DFSK]]
![[DFSK Motor|Fengon]]
!Landian
|-
!2010
|226,198
| –
| colspan="2" |226,198
|–
|-
!2011
|243,053
| –
| colspan="2" |243,053
|–
|-
!2012
|202,991
| –
| colspan="2" |202,991
|–
|-
!2013
|205,019
| –
| colspan="2" |205,019
|–
|-
!2014
|277,000
| –
| colspan="2" |277,000
|–
|-
!2015
|275,316
| –
|114,160
|161,156
|–
|-
!2016
|381,636
| –
|122,639
|258,997
|–
|-
!2017
|400,038
| –
| colspan="2" |400,038
|–
|-
!2018
|347,837
| –
| colspan="2" |347,837
|–
|-
!2019
|325,381
| –
| colspan="2" |325,381
|–
|-
!2020
|273,590
| –
| colspan="2" |273,590
|–
|-
!2021
|266,614
| 8,169<ref>{{Cite web |title=小康股份又亏了！"傍上"华为日子也难 - OFweek新能源汽车网 |url=https://nev.ofweek.com/2022-06/ART-71011-8120-30564357.html |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=nev.ofweek.com}}</ref>
| colspan="2" |258,445
|–
|-
!2022
|267,246
|80,041<ref>of which 76,180 are AITO vehicles.</ref>
| colspan="2" |187,205
|–
|-
!2023
|253,181
|106,703<ref>of which 94,380 are AITO vehicles</ref>
| colspan="3" |146,478
|}

== See also ==

* [[Automobile manufacturers and brands of China]]
* [[List of automobile manufacturers of China]]
* [[Automotive industry in China]]

==References==
<references/>

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.seres.cn/}}
* [http://www.sokon.com/en] (Official website old)

{{Automotive industry in the People's Republic of China}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Companies listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1986]]
[[Category:Car manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Chinese companies established in 1986]]
[[Category:Chinese brands]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Chongqing]]

Seres Group

2024-09-25T14:57:34Z

TimWu007:

{{Short description|Chinese vehicle manufacturer}}
{{Distinguish|||text=[[Seres (automobiles)]], the subsidiary}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Seres Group Co., Ltd
| native_name = 赛力斯集团股份有限公司
| native_name_lang = zh
| logo = Seres Group Logo.png
| founded = {{start date and age|df=y|1986|09|}}
| products = [[Car|Automobiles]], Motorcycle, [[commercial vehicle]]s, [[List of auto parts|auto parts]]
| former_name = Sokon Group
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{sse|601127}}
| founders = Zhang Xinghai
| subsid = [[Seres (automobiles)|Seres]] [[DFSK Motor]] XGJAO Motorcycle Yu'an Shock Absorber Company Jinkang New Energy Ruichi Automobile
| hq_location_city = [[Chongqing]]
| hq_location_country = China
| area_served = Worldwide
| predecessors = Chongqing Baxian Fenghuang Electronic Factory (1986-1996)
Chongqing Yu'an Shock Absorber Company (1996-2007)
Chongqing Sokon Automobile (2007-2022)
| num_employees = 13,238<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.search.yahoo.com/?fr2=inr|title=Yahoo Search - Web Search|website=in.search.yahoo.com}}</ref>
| owners = {{plainlist|
* Chongqing Sokon Holding (founder Zhang's family) {{small|(26.53%)}}
* [[Dongfeng Motor Corporation]] {{small|(21.68%)}}
* Chongqing Yu'an Automotive Industrial (government of Chongqing) {{small|(4.38%)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vip.stock.finance.sina.com.cn/corp/go.php/vCI_StockHolder/stockid/601127/displaytype/30.phtml|title=Profile|accessdate=7 June 2021}}</ref>
}}
| image =
| image_caption =
| romanized_name =
| industry = {{unbulleted list |[[Automotive industry|Automotive]]|Production systems}}
| website = {{url|https://www.global-seres.com/en/|global-seres.com}}
}}
'''Seres Group''' ({{Lang-zh|s=赛力斯集团股份有限公司|labels=no}}) (previously known as '''Sokon Group or''' '''Chongqing Sokon Industry Group Co., Ltd''', {{Lang-zh|s=重庆小康工业集团股份有限公司|labels=no}})<ref name="ShanghaiStock601127_2022-070" /> is a Chinese automotive manufacturer founded in September 1986 with headquarters in [[Chongqing]], China.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About - Seres Group Co., Ltd. |url=https://seres.cn/EnAbout.html |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=seres.cn}}</ref> Born as a manufacturer of components for household appliances and [[shock absorbers]], it currently produces [[cars]], [[motorcycles]] and [[commercial vehicles]] as well as shock absorbers and [[internal combustion engines]]. In 2022, the company renamed to '''Seres Group''' from '''Sokon Group'''.<ref name="ShanghaiStock601127_2022-070" /> It operates through its subsidiaries [[Seres (automobiles)|Seres]], [[DFSK Motor]], XGJAO Motorcycle and Yu'an Shock Absorber Company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.sokon.com/en/about/about.html|title=Sokon: Profile|accessdate=7 June 2021|archive-date=12 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412235847/http://en.sokon.com/en/about/about.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

While Chinese automotive manufacturers are either [[state-owned]] or privately owned, Seres shareholders include private investors as well as a local government entity and a state-owned company.

The name [[Serica|Seres]] is derived from the Ancient Greek word "Σῆρες" which means "China".

==History==
The forerunner of the Sokon Group was '''Chongqing Baxian Fenghuang Electronic Factory''' (重庆巴县凤凰电器弹簧厂), a company founded in September 1986 by Zhang Xinghai and other shareholders, mainly engaged in the manufacture and sale of Japanese-licensed components for household appliances and springs for automotive seats. The products were destined for both the Chinese and Japanese markets and quickly achieved a market share in the sector of 90%. In September 1996, the Chongqing Yu'an Shock Absorber Company was founded, marking the establishment of a new plant dedicated to producing shock absorbers for cars and motorcycles. The plant quickly reached its peak production capacity, exceeding 1.5 million units per year. Subsequently, the company underwent a name change to Chongqing Yu'an Innovation Technology (Group).

Given the enormous success in components, Chongqing Yu'an decided to enter directly into the [[automotive]] and motorcycle production sector by entering into numerous agreements with both Japanese and Chinese manufacturers to create the new range of vehicles.

In July 2002, XGJAO Motorbyke was founded, a manufacturer of low cost sports motorcycles intended mainly for a young audience and the first models on the market were launched (the F4 followed in the following years by the F5, F6 and F7).

For the automotive production, an agreement was signed with [[Suzuki]] for the licensed supply of [[chassis]] and engines for [[microvan]]s and small commercial vehicles and on 27 June 2003, the new [[DFSK Motor|Dongfeng Yu'an Automobile]] 50:50 joint venture with headquarters in Chongqing and assembly plant in [[Wuhan]] was founded together with [[Dongfeng Motor Corporation]]. Subsequently, an engineering center for the design of [[electric vehicles]] called Chongqing Ruichi Automobile Company was created.

In 2005 the first vehicle of the joint venture went into production at the Dongfeng plant in Wuhan: the microvan Dongfeng Yu'an K-Series which was also exported abroad (including Europe).

In May 2007 the entire industrial group changed its name to '''Chongqing Sokon Automobile Co., Ltd''': the Yu'an brand was kept only to identify the production of shock absorbers and components, the Dongfeng Yu'an brand present on the minivans thus became Dongfeng Sokon (abbreviated to DFSK in overseas markets). In May 2012, the millionth vehicle of the Dongfeng Sokon joint venture was produced.

On 15 June 2016, the Sokon group was listed on the [[Shanghai Stock Exchange]]. In the same year, the first [[SUV]]-type vehicles, resulting from the joint venture with the Dongfeng group called [[DFSK Glory 580]], went into production. In addition, the start-up [[SF Motors]] was founded in [[Santa Clara, California|Santa Clara]], California, with the intention of producing electric vehicles. SF Motors purchased [[AM General]]'s manufacturing facility and opened three development and design centers for electric vehicles (one in California, one in [[Michigan]] and one in Chongqing).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.autonews.com/china/sf-motors-plans-open-ev-operations-indiana-plant-end-2020|title=SF Motors plans to open EV operations at Indiana plant by end of 2020|date=5 June 2021|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref>

In November 2018, the group restructured, with Sokon acquiring Dongfeng's share in the joint venture for 621 million [[euro]]s, becoming sole owner of DFSK. In exchange, Dongfeng acquired 26.1% of Sokon for 620 million euros, becoming its majority shareholder.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/70015386.html|title=Sokon to wholly own Dongfeng Sokon at expense of 26.01% stake offered to Dongfeng Motor Corporation|access-date=7 June 2021|date=19 November 2018}}</ref>

In January 2019 an agreement was signed with [[Huawei]] for the development of information technologies and software for electric vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/Detail/70015602.html|date=23 January 2019|access-date=8 June 2021|title=Sokon, Huawei ally on NEV, ICV, ICT infrastructure}}</ref>

To improve its electric vehicle production, in April 2022 the company signed an agreement with battery maker [[CATL]], which will remain effective until 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/70018702.html|title=
Sokon signs contract with CATL for long-term battery supply|date=22 April 2022|accessdate=14 October 2022}}</ref>

In July 2022, the company name was changed to Seres Group.<ref name="FT601127SHH">{{Cite web |title=Seres Group Co Ltd, 601127:SHH profile |url=https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/profile?s=601127:SHH |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313035644/https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/profile?s=601127:SHH |archive-date=2023-03-13 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=[[Financial Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ShanghaiStock601127_2022-070">{{Cite web |url=https://static.sse.com.cn/disclosure/listedinfo/announcement/c/new/2022-07-12/601127_20220712_4_o7C7Bz9u.pdf |date=2022-07-12 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=[[Shanghai Stock Exchange]] |last=重庆小康工业集团股份有限公司董事会 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313145405/https://static.sse.com.cn/disclosure/listedinfo/announcement/c/new/2022-07-12/601127_20220712_4_o7C7Bz9u.pdf |archive-date=2023-03-13 |url-status=live |author-link=Sokon |language=zh |script-title=zh:重庆小康工业集团股份有限公司关于拟变更公司名称、证券简称的公告 |trans-title=Chongqing Sokon Industrial Group Co., Ltd name change and stock symbol change |id=601127 2022-070}} (listed under [http://www.sse.com.cn/home/search/?webswd=601127 赛力斯 ( 601127 )] 公告)
* new name: {{Lang-zh|s=赛力斯集团股份有限公司}} / Seres Group Co., Ltd.
* current name: {{Lang-zh|s=重庆小康工业集团股份有限公司}} / Chongqing Sokon Industrial Group Co., Ltd.
</ref>

In August 2024, [[Seres Group]] announced that it would invest in Huawei's subsidiary "Yinwang" (Shenzhen Yinwang Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd.), accounting for 10% of its shares, with a price of RMB 11.5 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=腾讯网 |date=2024-08-25 |title=投资115亿元！赛力斯拿下引望10%股权华为：引望将继续开放股权合作_腾讯新闻 |url=https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20240825A0618Z00 |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=news.qq.com |language=zh-CN}}</ref>

== Brands and products ==

=== Seres ===
{{main|Seres (automobiles)}}

Seres is a brand of [[electric vehicle]] marketed by Seres Group. Since 2023, Seres brand was shifted to export brand, while AITO became a domestic-only brand.<ref>{{Cite web |title=公司业务 - 赛力斯集团 |url=https://www.seres.cn/business.html |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=www.seres.cn}}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="120">
File:Seres_3_IAA_2023_1X7A0354.jpg|[[Fengon 500#Seres 3|Seres 3]]
File:Seres_5_IAA_2023_1X7A0327.jpg|[[Seres SF5|Seres 5]]
File:Seres_7_IAA_2023_1X7A0329.jpg|[[AITO M7#Seres 7|Seres 7]]
</gallery>

=== AITO ===
{{main|AITO (marque)}}

AITO is a brand [[Seres (automobiles)|Seres Automobile]] collaborates with [[Huawei]] for smart electric vehicle. Huawei is leads in the design of AITO models while Seres conducts in production. The AITO trademark was owned by Seres but was sold to Huawei in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=重磅！"问界"商标已转让给华为-开源基础软件社区-51CTO.COM |url=https://ost.51cto.com/posts/24545 |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=ost.51cto.com}}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="120">
File:2022 Seres AITO M5 (front).jpg|[[AITO M5]]
File:Aito M7 facelift 001.jpg|[[AITO M7]]
File:Aito M9 007 (cropped).jpg|[[AITO M9]]
</gallery>

=== Landian ===
{{main|Seres (automobiles)}}

Landian is Seres brand for budget electric vehicles which unveiled in March 2023. The word Landian literally means blue electricity (蓝电) in Chinese.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kang/CnEVPost |first=Lei |date=2023-03-30 |title=Seres unveils new NEV brand Landian and 1st model E5 with BYD, Huawei technology |url=https://cnevpost.com/2023/03/30/seres-unveils-new-nev-brand-landian-1st-model-e5/ |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=CnEVPost |language=en-US}}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="120">
Landian E5 at Auto Guangzhou 2023 20231126.jpg|[[Fengon 580#Landian E5|Landian E5]]
</gallery>

=== Fengon ===
{{main|DFSK Motor}}

'''Fengon''' (or '''DFSK Glory''' for foreign markets) formerly known as '''Dongfeng Fengguang''' (东风风光), is the brand of Seres that produces passenger vehicles. Established in 2008, Fengon brand targets at affordable compact MPVs and SUVs. It was a joint venture brand with [[Dongfeng Motor Group|Dongfeng Group]] until it was fully acquired by Seres Group in 2022.
<gallery widths="180" heights="120">
File:DFSK Fengon 5 1X7A7306.jpg|[[Fengon ix5]]
File:Fengon 580 II 002.jpg|[[Fengon 580]]
File:2018 Dongfeng Fengguang S560 (front).jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang S560|Fengon S560]]
File:2022 Fengon 380 001.jpg|[[Fengon 380]]
File:2016 Dongfeng-Fengguang 330, front 8.4.18.jpg|[[Dongfeng Fengguang 330|Fengon 330]]
File:Fengon Mini EV 01.jpg|[[Fengon Mini EV]]
</gallery>

=== DFSK / Dongfeng Sokon ===
{{main|DFSK Motor}}

'''DFSK''' (short for '''Dongfeng Sokon''') is a brand of Seres that produces light commercial vehicles. It was a joint venture brand with [[Dongfeng Motor Group|Dongfeng Group]] until it was fully acquired by Seres Group in 2022.

{{gallery|File:2018 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) C37, front 8.8.18.jpg|Sokon C-series|File:2014 Dongfeng-Xiaokang (Sokon) K09, front 8.10.18.jpg|Sokon K-series|File:Dongfeng DFSK V27 Cargo 2014 (14690231661).jpg|Sokon V-series}}

=== Ruichi Automobiles ===
Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles was established in September, 2003. The company is a fully-funded subsidiary of Chongqing Sokon Group for pure electric commercial vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chongqing Ruichi Automobiles is committed to becoming a leading brand for the mini electric commercial vehicles. |url=https://seres.cn/ruichi.html |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=seres.cn}}</ref>

<gallery widths="180" heights="120">
File:Ruichi EC31 Shishi 01 2022-10-15.jpg|Ruichi EC31
File:Ruichi EC35 Shishi 01 2022-06-24.jpg|Ruichi EC35
File:Ruichi ED71 001.jpg|Ruichi ED71
File:Ruichi EC75 001.jpg|Ruichi EC75
</gallery>

== Sales ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Seres Group sales<ref>{{Cite web |title=赛力斯(601127)年度报告_新浪财经_新浪网 |url=https://vip.stock.finance.sina.com.cn/corp/go.php/vCB_Bulletin/stockid/601127/page_type/ndbg.phtml |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=vip.stock.finance.sina.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=汽车品牌销量排行榜，汽车品牌销量查询，2023年汽车品牌销量排行榜 - 车主之家 |url=https://xl.16888.com/brand.html |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=xl.16888.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2012年中国汽车销量：增加4.3%为1,931万辆 - MarkLines全球汽车产业平台 |url=https://www.marklines.com/cn/report_all/rep1146_201302 |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=www.marklines.com}}</ref>
!Year
!Total
![[Seres (automobiles)|Seres]]
![[DFSK Motor|DFSK]]
![[DFSK Motor|Fengon]]
!Landian
|-
!2010
|226,198
| –
| colspan="2" |226,198
|–
|-
!2011
|243,053
| –
| colspan="2" |243,053
|–
|-
!2012
|202,991
| –
| colspan="2" |202,991
|–
|-
!2013
|205,019
| –
| colspan="2" |205,019
|–
|-
!2014
|277,000
| –
| colspan="2" |277,000
|–
|-
!2015
|275,316
| –
|114,160
|161,156
|–
|-
!2016
|381,636
| –
|122,639
|258,997
|–
|-
!2017
|400,038
| –
| colspan="2" |400,038
|–
|-
!2018
|347,837
| –
| colspan="2" |347,837
|–
|-
!2019
|325,381
| –
| colspan="2" |325,381
|–
|-
!2020
|273,590
| –
| colspan="2" |273,590
|–
|-
!2021
|266,614
| 8,169<ref>{{Cite web |title=小康股份又亏了！"傍上"华为日子也难 - OFweek新能源汽车网 |url=https://nev.ofweek.com/2022-06/ART-71011-8120-30564357.html |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=nev.ofweek.com}}</ref>
| colspan="2" |258,445
|–
|-
!2022
|267,246
|80,041<ref>of which 76,180 are AITO vehicles.</ref>
| colspan="2" |187,205
|–
|-
!2023
|253,181
|106,703<ref>of which 94,380 are AITO vehicles</ref>
| colspan="3" |146,478
|}

== See also ==

* [[Automobile manufacturers and brands of China]]
* [[List of automobile manufacturers of China]]
* [[Automotive industry in China]]

==References==
<references/>

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.seres.cn/}}
* [http://www.sokon.com/en] (Official website old)

{{Automotive industry in the People's Republic of China}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Companies listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1986]]
[[Category:Car manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:Chinese companies established in 1986]]
[[Category:Chinese brands]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Chongqing]]

Onvo L60

2024-09-23T15:04:03Z

TimWu007: /* References */

{{Infobox automobile
| name = Onvo L60
| image = Onvo L60 in OneLink Walk, Guangzhou 20240831-A.jpg
| caption =
| manufacturer = [[Nio Inc.]]
| aka =
| production = August 2024 – present
| assembly = China: [[Hefei, Anhui]]
| designer = Under the lead of Raul Pires
| class = [[Mid-size crossover SUV]]
| body_style = 5-door [[SUV]]
| platform = NT 3.0 platform
| related =
| layout = {{ubl
| [[Rear-motor, rear-wheel-drive]]
| [[Dual-motor, all-wheel-drive]]
}}
| motor = [[Permanent magnet synchronous]]
| powerout = {{ubl
| {{convert|240|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}}
}}
| transmission =
| battery = {{ubl
| 60.6 kWh [[FinDreams]] [[Lithium iron phosphate battery|LFP]]
| 85 kWh [[CALB]] [[Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides|NMC]] [[lithium-ion]]
}}
| range = {{cvt|555–730|km}} ([[China Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle|CLTC]])
| charging =
| wheelbase = {{cvt|2950|mm|in|1}}
| length = {{cvt|4828|mm|in|1}}
| width = {{cvt|1920|mm|in|1}}
| height = {{cvt|1616|mm|in|1}}
| weight = {{cvt|1885–1955|kg|lb|0}}
| sp = uk
| predecessor =
| successor =
}}

The '''Onvo L60''' ({{zh|p=Lèdào L60|s=乐道L60}}) is a [[Battery electric vehicle|battery electric]] [[mid-size crossover SUV]] manufactured by [[Nio Inc.]] since 2024. It is the first vehicle of its [[Onvo]] brand, which targets the mass-market instead of Nio's premium segment. The model benchmarked the [[Tesla Model Y]], and occupies the Chinese B-class SUV category ([[D-segment]] globally).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Andrews |first=Mark |date=2024-09-19 |title=Onvo L60 the Model Y killer from Nio launches priced from 21,200 USD with battery-as-a-service |url=https://carnewschina.com/2024/09/19/onvo-l60-the-model-y-killer-from-nio-launches-priced-from-21200-usd/ |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=CarNewsChina.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Overview ==
The Onvo L60 went on sale on 19 September 2024 in China,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheng |first=Evelyn |date=2024-09-19 |title=Tesla's Chinese rival Nio cuts price for new Onvo-branded car |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/09/19/teslas-chinese-rival-nio-cuts-price-for-new-onvo-branded-car.html |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> following its debut introduction on 15 May. The first L60 rolled off the production line in mid-August 2024 at Nio's F2 plant in NeoPark in [[Hefei, Anhui]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nio's Onvo L60 rolls off production line, interior revealed |url=https://www.arenaev.com/nios_onvo_l60_rolls_off_production_line_interior_revealed-news-3827.php |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=ArenaEV.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

The design of the Onvo L60 was led by former [[Bentley]] designer Raul Pires. The L60's exterior design shares some similarities with the [[Tesla Model Y]], its main benchmark and competitor, while featuring a low [[drag coefficient]] of Cd 0.229 that is slightly superior than the Model Y's Cd 0.236.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Zhang |first=Phate |date=2024-09-19 |title=Nio Onvo launches L60 to take on Tesla Model Y, and wider competition |url=https://cnevpost.com/2024/09/20/nio-onvo-launches-l60/ |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=CnEVPost |language=en-US}}</ref>

The cabin of the L60 adopts a minimalist approach similar to Tesla, with a single [[List of common display resolutions|3K]] [[In-car entertainment|infotainment screen]] mounted horizontally in the front with a 16:10 aspect ratio and a screen-to-body ratio of 91.5%. The vehicle's cockpit is powered by a [[Qualcomm Snapdragon]] 8295P chipset, providing 60 TOPS (tera operations per second) of AI computing power, with 256 [[Gigabyte|GB]] of internal storage. The audio system consists of an 18-speaker 1020W setup featuring [[Dolby Atmos]], along with a built-in [[karaoke]] function.

The L60 is equipped with a 13-inch [[head-up display]]. The center console features two sloped [[wireless charging]] pads for mobile devices. Unlike Nio's other models, the drive selector is mounted on the steering column, similar to Tesla's design. The rear cabin came equipped with an 8-inch screen mounted on the back of the center console for entertainment. The L60 has an option to include a 52-liter [[Midea Group|Midea]] [[refrigerator]] under the boot floor.

Unlike Nio's latest models, the Onvo L60 does not incorporate [[Lidar]] for its [[advanced driver-assistance system]], although it does feature several sensors around the vehicle, including multiple 8-[[megapixel]] HD cameras above the windshield and on the front wings, and a 4-dimension imaging [[Millimeter wave|millimeter-wave radar]]. These sensors are used by Onvo's Smart Driving system (OSD), which uses a vision-based approach. The driving system is powered by an [[Nvidia]] Orin X chip with 254 trillions of operations per second (TOPS) of computing power. The vehicle also supports autonomous parking. The L60's [[autonomous emergency braking]] (AEB) system operates at speeds of up to {{convert|120|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-19 |title=【图】电池租用购买14.99万元起乐道L60上市_汽车之家 |trans-title=Battery rental and purchase starts at 149,900 yuan. Ledao L60 is on the market |url=https://www.autohome.com.cn/news/202409/1300564.html#pvareaid=102624 |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=www.autohome.com.cn}}</ref>

The L60 is compatible with Nio's fourth-generation [[Battery swapping|battery swap]] stations, as well as third-generation stations with modifications. At launch, approximately 1,000 stations will support the L60, with plans for 2,500 stations by the end of 2025. As a result, buyers can opt for battery as a service (BaaS), which offers a significantly lower price point but with a monthly rental fee depending on the battery pack size.<ref name=":0" /><gallery widths="200">
File:Onvo L60 in OneLink Walk, Guangzhou 20240831-B.jpg|Side view
</gallery>

== Powertrain ==
The L60 is offered with four trims, two of which are powered by a 60.6 kWh battery providing a range of {{convert|555|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} under [[China Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle|CLTC]] standards for the single-motor version and {{convert|525|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} for the dual-motor version. This battery pack is supplied by [[FinDreams Battery]], BYD's battery subsidiary.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Opletal |first=Jiri |date=2024-06-13 |title=Nio's Onvo L60 revealed 455 hp motor power, to be equipped with BYD battery |url=https://carnewschina.com/2024/06/13/nios-onvo-l60-revealed-455-hp-motors-to-be-powered-by-byd-battery/ |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=CarNewsChina.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhang |first=Phate |date=2024-08-27 |title=Nio Onvo to open 1st batch of over 100 stores on Sept 1 |url=https://cnevpost.com/2024/08/27/nio-onvo-to-open-1st-stores-sept-1/ |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=CnEVPost |language=en-US}}</ref> A larger 85 kWh battery pack built by [[CALB]] is available, with a CLTC range of {{convert|730|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} for the single-motor model and {{convert|700|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} for the dual-motor variant. A 1000+ km (620+ mi) range version will be available in the future. The electrical architecture of the L60 supports 900 V, as opposed to the more common 400 V.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhang |first=Phate |date=2024-09-20 |title=Onvo L60 success paves way for Nio brand revival, says Deutsche Bank |url=https://cnevpost.com/2024/09/20/onvo-l60-success-paves-way-nio-revival-db/ |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=CnEVPost |language=en-US}}</ref>

All versions of the L60 are powered by a {{convert|240|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}} electric motor on the rear axle, generating {{convert|305|Nm|kgm lbft||abbr=on|sigfig=3}} of torque. The vehicle has a top speed of {{convert|200|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} and accelerates from {{convert|0–100|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} in 5.9 seconds. The dual-motor version adds a {{convert|100|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}} motor to the front axle, with a maximum speed of {{convert|203|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} and a {{convert|0–100|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} acceleration time of 4.6 seconds. The L60's energy efficiency is claimed to be as low as 12.1 kWh/100 km for the single-motor version and 12.7 kWh/100 km for the dual-motor version.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:80%"
! rowspan="2" |Type
! rowspan="2" |Battery
! rowspan="2" |Layout
! rowspan="2" width="5%" |[[Electric motor]]
! rowspan="2" width="18%" |Power
! rowspan="2" width="20%" |Torque
! rowspan="2" width="10%" |{{convert|0–100|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} (claimed)
! width="11%" |Range (claimed)
! rowspan="2" width="10%" |Calendar years
|-
![[China Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle|CLTC]]
|-
!60 kWh RWD
| rowspan="4" |60.6 kWh [[FinDreams]] [[Lithium iron phosphate battery|LFP]]
|[[Rear-wheel drive|RWD]]
|Rear
|{{convert|240|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|305|Nm|kgm lbft||abbr=on|sigfig=3}}
|5.9 seconds
|{{convert|555|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
|2024–present
|-
! rowspan="3" |60 kWh AWD
| rowspan="3" |AWD
|Rear
|{{convert|240|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|305|Nm|kgm lbft||abbr=on|sigfig=3}}
| rowspan="3" |4.6 seconds
| rowspan="3" |{{convert|525|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| rowspan="3" |2024–present
|-
|Front
|{{convert|100|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|135|Nm|kgm lbft||abbr=on|sigfig=3}}
|-
|Combined
|{{convert|340|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|440|Nm|kgm lbft||abbr=on|sigfig=3}}
|-
!85 kWh RWD
| rowspan="4" |85 kWh [[CALB]] [[Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides|NMC]] [[lithium-ion]]
|[[Rear-wheel drive|RWD]]
|Rear
|{{convert|240|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|305|Nm|kgm lbft||abbr=on|sigfig=3}}
|5.9 seconds
|{{convert|730|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
|2024–present
|-
! rowspan="3" |85 kWh AWD
| rowspan="3" |AWD
|Rear
|{{convert|240|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|305|Nm|kgm lbft||abbr=on|sigfig=3}}
| rowspan="3" |4.6 seconds
| rowspan="3" |{{convert|700|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| rowspan="3" |2024–present
|-
|Front
|{{convert|100|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|135|Nm|kgm lbft||abbr=on|sigfig=3}}
|-
|Combined
|{{convert|340|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|440|Nm|kgm lbft||abbr=on|sigfig=3}}
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}

{{Nio (car company)}}

[[Category:NIO (car company) vehicles|Onvo L60]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 2024]]
[[Category:Mid-size sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Crossover sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:All-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Production electric cars]]
[[Category:Cars of China]]

GAC Aion

2024-09-23T08:30:37Z

TimWu007: /* Hyptec */

{{Short description|Chinese electric vehicle manufacturer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| logo = GAC Aion 2022 logo.png
| name = GAC Aion New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd.
| native_name = 广汽埃安新能源汽车股份有限公司
| native_name_lang = zh
| former_name = GAC New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd.
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| parent = [[GAC Group]]
| subsid = [[Hycan]] (20.54%)
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| founded = {{start date and age|28 July 2017}}
| hq_location_city = [[Guangzhou]]
| hq_location_country = China
| area_served = {{ubl
| China
| Southeast Asia
}}
| products = [[Electric cars]]
| production = {{increase}} 480,003 vehicles (2023)
| brands = {{ubl
| Aion
| Hyptec
}}
| website = {{URL|www.aion.com.cn|aion.com.cn}}
}}

'''GAC Aion New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd.''', trading as '''GAC Aion''' ({{zh|c=广汽埃安|p=Guǎngqì Āiān}}) is a Chinese [[electric vehicle]] manufacturer headquartered in [[Guangzhou]], China. A subsidiary of [[GAC Group]], it was established in 2017 as the GAC New Energy Automobile. Its current name was adopted in November 2020. It produces [[battery electric vehicles]] under the eponymous Aion brand and the premium Hyptec brand.

In 2023, GAC Aion is the third-largest battery electric vehicle brand after [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]] and [[BYD Auto]], both in China and globally by producing 480,003 vehicles.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-03 |title=Chinese EV maker Aion plans second Southeast Asia plant in Indonesia |url=https://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/3257755/chinese-ev-maker-aion-plans-indonesia-plant-vying-against-rivals-byd-slice-promising-southeast-asia |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
GAC New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd. was established on 28 July 2017 as a subsidiary of GAC Group to develop connected new energy vehicles.<ref>{{cite web | date = 26 Nov 2023 | url = https://www.aion.com.cn/show/about_us | title = 埃安官网 | work = GAC Aion | access-date = 26 November 2023}}</ref> Aion was introduced as an electric vehicle sub-brand under GAC New Energy in 2018. The first model, the [[Aion S]], was shown to the public in November at [[Auto Guangzhou]].<ref>{{cite web | date = 19 May 2018 | url = https://www.carscoops.com/2018/11/gac-aims-battle-tesla-new-aion-s-electric-vehicle/ | title = GAC Aims To Battle Tesla With Its New Aion S Electric Vehicle | work = CarScoops.com | access-date = 22 November 2020}}</ref> In 2019, GAC announced 12 new models, which eventually included the LX, V, and Y.<ref>{{cite web|date=28 May 2019|title=GAC To Roll Out 12 New Aion Electric Cars, Including SUV, MPV|url=https://insideevs.com/news/342811/gac-to-roll-out-12-new-aion-electric-cars-including-suv-mpv/|access-date=29 August 2019|website=[[Motorsport Network#InsideEVs|InsideEVs]]}}</ref>
[[File:SZ 深圳 Shenzhen 龍崗 Longgang 星河 Galaxy Coco Park mall AION car showroom May 2024 R12S 01.jpg|thumb|An Aion showroom in a mall in [[Shenzhen]]]]
In November 2020, GAC New Energy was renamed to '''GAC Aion''', and became an independent operation separate from other GAC operations.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=GAC NE said to spin off Aion as independent brand |url=http://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/70017662.html |access-date=22 November 2020 |work=Gasgoo.com}}</ref>

In 2021, GAC Aion announced that the Aion V would be equipped with a [[Potential applications of graphene#Batteries|graphene battery]] that can charge from 0 to 80% in 8 minutes, adding 70 kWh of charge.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hampel|first=Carrie|date=2021-08-22|title=GAC Aion V charges in 8 minutes|url=https://www.electrive.com/2021/08/22/gac-aion-v-charges-in-8-minutes/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-21|website=electrive.com|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823042640/https://www.electrive.com/2021/08/22/gac-aion-v-charges-in-8-minutes/ |archive-date=2021-08-23 }}</ref> In 2021, GAC Aion announced A480 [[charging station]], 480 kW, 1000 V. 35.1kWh (30-80%) charge to the new Aion V 6C in less than 5 minutes and 0-80% charge in 8 minutes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-14 |title=Aion unveils incredible 480kW charger - CarNewsChina.com |url=https://carnewschina.com/2021/09/03/aion-480kw-charger/ |access-date=2022-01-09 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914101351/https://carnewschina.com/2021/09/03/aion-480kw-charger/ |archive-date=14 September 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In September 2022, GAC Aion revealed a new brand logo. The company also introduced a new premium brand called '''Hyper''' ({{zh|c=昊铂|p=Hàobó}}) and its first product, the [[Aion Hyper SSR|Hyper SSR]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://carnewschina.com/2022/09/15/gac-aion-officially-launched-1-9s-0-100km-h-acceleration-hyper-ev/|title=GAC AION Officially Launched Aion Hyper SSR with 1.9s 0-100km/h Acceleration performance|website=CarNewsChina.com|first=Allen|last=Yang|date=15 September 2022|accessdate=15 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-19 |title=GAC Aion unveils high-end Hyper marque to go upward |work=China Daily |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202209/19/WS6327cb60a310fd2b29e7863f.html |access-date=2023-09-17}}</ref> In August 2024, GAC Aion renamed the Western name of the brand to '''Hyptec'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=昊铂官方更改全新品牌英文名命名正式改为“HYPTEC”_易车 |url=https://news.yiche.com/zonghexinwen/20240805/1593257870.html |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=news.yiche.com}}</ref>

In October 2023, GAC Group announced that it would take over 100% ownership of GAC's Changsha plant, which had been jointly operated with [[Mitsubishi Motors]] under [[GAC Mitsubishi]]. Starting in May 2024, the plant will have an annual capacity of 200,000 electric vehicles for the Aion brand.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Feed |first=TechNode |date=2023-10-24 |title=Mitsubishi to announce exit from China, selling off inventory: report · TechNode |url=http://technode.com/2023/10/24/mitsubishi-to-announce-exit-from-china-selling-off-inventory-report/ |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=TechNode |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Overseas markets ==
GAC Aion entered the Thailand market in September 2023 by launching a [[right-hand drive]] Aion Y Plus in the country. The company began assembly of electric cars in Thailand in July 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roberts |first=Graeme |date=2023-09-12 |title=GAC Aion to build EVs in Thailand |url=https://www.just-auto.com/news/gac-aion-to-build-evs-in-thailand/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Just Auto |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chen |first=Dong Yi |date=2023-09-09 |title=GAC Aion Y Plus all-electric SUV launched in Thailand, price starts at 29,900 USD |url=https://carnewschina.com/2023/09/09/gac-aion-y-plus-all-electric-suv-launched-in-thailand-price-starts-at-29900-usd/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=CarNewsChina.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

In November 2023, Aion vehicles went on sale in Mexico alongside other GAC Motor vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GAC MOTOR OFFICIALLY ENTERS THE MEXICAN MARKET, ACCELERATING MARKET EXPANSION AND DEPLOYMENT |url=https://www.gac-motor.com/en/media/newsdetail/id/325.html |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=www.gac-motor.com}}</ref>

In January 2024, company entered the Hong Kong market, and started previewing its product in Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=【图】广汽埃安2024年1月全球销量为24947辆_汽车之家 |trans-title=Global sales of GAC Aion in January 2024 were 24,947 vehicles |url=https://www.autohome.com.cn/news/202402/1293116.html |access-date=2024-02-05 |website=www.autohome.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tan |first=Danny |date=2024-01-31 |title=GAC Aion Y Plus EV previewed in Malaysia - roomy SUV with 63.2 kWh batt, 430 km range; 1H 2024 launch |url=https://paultan.org/2024/01/31/gac-aion-y-plus-ev-previewed-in-malaysia-roomy-suv-with-63-2-kwh-batt-430-km-range-1h-2024-launch/ |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=Paul Tan's Automotive News |language=en-US}}</ref>

In April 2024, GAC Aion announced its entry to Indonesia with local partner [[Indomobil Group]]. Indomobil will invest in a local manufacturing plant to assemble Aion vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kang |first=Lei |date=2024-04-03 |title=GAC Aion announces entry into Indonesia, plans to build local plant |url=https://cnevpost.com/2024/04/03/gac-aion-entry-indonesia-plans-local-plant/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=CnEVPost |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

==Products==
{{Main article|List of GAC vehicles}}

=== Aion ===
Aion ({{zh|c=埃安|p=Āiān}}) is the eponymous mass-market brand of GAC Aion.<gallery widths="150" heights="110">
File:2022 GAC Aion Y Plus.jpg|Aion Y Plus
File:2022 GAC Aion LX Plus (front).jpg|[[Aion LX]]
File:2023 GAC Aion S Max front.jpg|[[Aion S|Aion S Max]]
File:Aion V II 001.jpg|[[Aion V]]
</gallery>

=== Hyptec ===
{{Main|Hyptec}}
Hyptec ({{zh|c=昊铂|p=Hàobó}}) is the premium brand of GAC Aion. The brand was created in September 2022 as Hyper, with a goal to expand GAC Aion's portfolio with a separate premium brand.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-02-24 |language=en |title=GAC Aion unveils high-end Hyper marque to go upward |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202209/19/WS6327cb60a310fd2b29e7863f.html}}</ref>

Hyper's first product is the [[Hyper SSR]] [[Supercar|hypercar]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-02-24 |language=pl |title=Aion Hyper SSR Lokalne zagrożenie |url=https://autogen.pl/news-5860-aion-hyper-ssr-lokalne-zagrozenie.html}}</ref> Production of the SSR began in October 2023.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-02-24 |language=en |title=GAC Aion Hyper SSR launched with 1,224 hp. Price starts at 176,400 USD |url=https://carnewschina.com/2023/10/09/gac-aion-hyper-ssr-launched-with-1224-hp-price-starts-at-176400-usd/}}</ref> In 2023, the Hyper lineup was further expanded with a second model, the [[Hyper GT]] sedan, which was first revealed through photos in December 2022 and went on sale in July 2023.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-02-24 |language=en |title=GAC Aion unveils Hyper GT, 2nd model of its Hyper brand |url=https://cnevpost.com/2022/12/30/gac-aion-unveils-hyper-gt/}}</ref> In October of the same year, the mid-size SUV Coupe [[Hyper HT]] debuted, with sales beginning in the domestic market in November 2023.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-02-24 |language=en |title=GAC Aion’s Hyper brand unveils HT SUV with gull-wing doors, starting at $30,000 |url=https://electrek.co/2023/10/20/gac-aions-hyper-brand-unveils-ht-suv-with-gull-wing-doors-starting-at-30000/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-02-24 |language=en |title=GAC Aion Hyper HT launched in China with gull-wing doors. Starts at 29,520 USD |url=https://carnewschina.com/2023/11/15/gac-aion-hyper-ht-launched-in-china-with-gull-wing-doors-starts-at-29520-usd/}}</ref> In August 2024, the brand's English name was changed from Hyper to Hyptec.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-08-06 |language=en |title=GAC Aion sub-brand Hyper officially changes English name to Hyptec |url=https://cnevpost.com/2024/08/05/hyper-changes-english-name-to-hyptec/}}

</ref><gallery widths="150" heights="120">
File:Aion Hyper GT 008.jpg|[[Hyptec GT]]
File:Aion Hyper HT 006.jpg|[[Hyptec HT]]
File:Aion Hyper SSR 001.jpg|[[Hyptec SSR]]
</gallery>

{{Clear}}

== Joint venture ==

=== Hycan ===
{{main|Hycan}}

Hycan ({{zh|c=合创|p=Héchuàng|l=co-creation}}) is a [[joint venture]] brand of electric vehicles that originated from a partnership in 2019 between GAC and [[Nio Inc.|Nio]], known as GAC-Nio. The partnership initially produced two models, the [[Hycan 007]] and [[Hycan Z03]], both derived from existing Aion vehicles—the Aion LX and Aion Y, respectively. In 2021, the joint venture rebranded itself as Hycan. GAC Aion holds a 20.54% stake, while the major shareholder is Pearl River Investment (68.56%).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bai |first=Haotian |date=2022-05-12 |title=广汽蔚来已成过去式凭"EDG"破圈的朱一航能否挽救合创汽车 |url=https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/2022/05-12/9752801.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614213735/https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/2022/05-12/9752801.shtml |archive-date=2022-06-14 |access-date=2023-04-23 |work=The Beijing News |via=chinanews.com}}</ref><gallery>
File:Hycan 007 001.jpg|Hycan 007
File:Hycan Z03 IMG001.jpg|Hycan Z03
File:Hycan A06 001.jpg|Hycan A06
File:Hycan V09 006.jpg|Hycan V09
</gallery>

==Sales==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Calendar year
![[Aion S|S]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chinamobil.ru/eng/gac/?view=sales|title=GAC China auto sales figures|website=ChinaMobil.ru|date=2 July 2023|accessdate=28 September 2023}}</ref>
![[Aion LX|LX]]
![[Aion V|V]]
![[Aion Y|Y]]
!Total
|-
|2019
|32,126
|1,341
| -
| -
|33,467
|-
|2020
|46,141
|2,745
|10,709
| -
|59,595
|-
|2021
|69,220
|1,004
|15,826
|32,109
|118,159
|-
|2022
|115,655
|3,991
|31,826
|119,689
|271,161
|-
|2023
|
|
|
|
|480,003<ref>{{Cite web |title=【图】快讯_汽车之家 |url=https://www.autohome.com.cn/fastmessage/detail/1292078.html |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=www.autohome.com.cn}}</ref>
|}

==See also==

* [[Automobile manufacturers and brands of China]]
* [[List of automobile manufacturers of China]]
* [[GAC Group]]
* [[GAC Motor]]

==External links==
*{{Official website}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Aion vehicles}}
{{GAC Group}}
{{Automotive industry in China}}

[[Category:GAC Aion| ]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2018]]
[[Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of China]]

Hycan

2024-09-23T05:56:28Z

TimWu007: /* References */

{{Short description|Chinese electric vehicle company}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Hycan Automobile Technology Co., Ltd
| native_name = 合创汽车科技有限公司
| logo = Hycan logo.png
| type = [[automotive industry|Automotive]] [[joint venture]]
| traded_as =
| fate =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = 2019
| founder = Zhang Fangyou
| defunct =
| location_city = [[Guangzhou]]
| location_country = [[China]]
| location =
| locations =
| area_served = China Israel Philippines
| key_people =
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| products = [[Electric car|Electric]] [[car|automobiles]]
| production = {{Increase}} 2,856 vehicles
| production_year = 2023
| services =
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| assets =
| equity =
| owner = Pearl River Investment (68.56%) [[GAC Aion]] (20.54%) [[GAC Group]] (4.46%)
| num_employees =
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid =
| homepage = {{URL|www.hycan.com.cn}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Hycan Automobile Technology''' ({{zh|c=合创汽车科技有限公司}}) is a Chinese [[electric vehicle]] manufacturer headquartered in [[Guangzhou]], [[China]].

==History==
[[File:Hycan Concept-S and Concept-M at the 2021 Guangzhou Auto Show.jpg|thumb|Hycan's concept vehicles: Concept-S and Concept-M]]
On 10 April 2018, [[GAC Group]], GAC New Energy Technology (now [[GAC Aion]]) and [[Nio Inc.]] established a joint venture called GAC-Nio New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., and almost a year later, on 1 April 2019, GAC and Nio announced the upcoming revealing of a new brand Hycan and electric [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]] under this joint venture.<ref>{{cite web | date = 20 May 2019 | url = https://www.chinapev.com/ev-2/gac-nio-hycan/gac-nio-established-a-joint-venture-to-release-a-new-brand-and-new-ev/ | title = GAC-NIO Established a Joint-Venture to Release a New Brand and New EV | work = ChinaPEV.com | accessdate = 2 November 2020}}</ref>

In early 2021, Guangdong Pearl River Investment Management Group has become GAC-Nio's largest shareholder, while Nio's stake in Hycan was diluted to 4.5%.<ref>{{cite web|title=China's GAC Nio Is Set for Name Change After Ownership Shakeup|url=https://www.yicaiglobal.com/news/china-gac-nio-is-set-for-name-change-after-ownership-shakeup}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=GAC Group and Pearl River Investment Management Group Reached Strategic Cooperation to Jointly Create New Development Modes of Intelligent Automobiles |url=https://www.gac.com.cn/en/news/detail?baseid=18103 |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=GAC Group}}</ref> Later that year, GAC-Nio changed its name to Hycan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bai |first=Haotian |date=2022-05-12 |title=广汽蔚来已成过去式凭"EDG"破圈的朱一航能否挽救合创汽车 |work=The Beijing News |url=https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/2022/05-12/9752801.shtml |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614213735/https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/2022/05-12/9752801.shtml |archive-date=2022-06-14 |via=chinanews.com |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2022, Nio withdrew as a shareholder of Hycan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-24 |title=蔚来退出合创汽车，退出前持股比例约4.46% |work=Sina Tech |url=https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/it/2022-08-24/doc-imizirav9496746.shtml |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102205754/https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/it/2022-08-24/doc-imizirav9496746.shtml |archive-date=2023-01-02 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Models==
===Hycan 007===
{{Main|Hycan 007}}
The Hycan 007 is a [[Mid-size SUV|mid-size]] [[Electric car|electric]] [[sport utility vehicle]] produced since April 2020.

On 20 May 2019, Hycan revealed the 007 concept, an [[Aion LX]] (produced by [[GAC New Energy]]) with a redesigned front and rear end, interior, and wheel design.<ref>{{cite web | date = 28 May 2019 | url = https://insideevs.com/news/351718/gac-nio-hycan-brand-concept-bev/ | title = GAC-NIO Introduces Hycan Brand And Concept Electric SUV | work = InsideEVs.com | accessdate = 2 November 2020}}</ref> The production model was yet to be revealed and multiple teasers were shown before the upcoming revealing.<ref>{{cite web | date = 14 August 2019 | url = https://www.chinapev.com/ev-2/gac-nio-hycan/teaser-images-of-hycans-first-ev-features-triple-screens/ | title = Teaser Images of Hycan's First EV, Features Triple Screens | work = ChinaPEV.com | accessdate = 2 November 2020}}</ref>

On 27 December 2019, the largely unchanged production Hycan 007 was revealed and went on pre-sale before being officially listed for sale in the Chinese market in April 2020 at a starting price of 262,000 Chinese yuan (US$37,343).<ref>{{cite web | date = 27 December 2019 | url = https://www.chinapev.com/ev-2/gac-nio-hycan/named-hycan-007-gac-nios-first-pure-electric-suv-started-pre-sale-in-chinese-market-range-of-399miles/ | title = Named HYCAN 007, GAC-NIO's First Pure Electric SUV Started Pre-Sale in Chinese Market, Range of 399miles | work = ChinaPEV.com | accessdate = 2 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | date = 11 April 2020 | url = https://www.chinapev.com/ev-2/gac-nio-hycan/hycan-007-gac-nios-first-pure-ev-officially-listed-in-the-chinese-market-with-price-started-at-262000-yuan/ | title = HYCAN 007, GAC-NIO's First Pure EV Officially Listed in the Chinese market with price started at 262,000 yuan | work = ChinaPEV.com | accessdate = 2 November 2020}}</ref>

The 007 is available in three trim levels, Base, Plus, and Top. The Base trim level has a {{cvt|73|kWh|MJ}} battery pack with a [[New European Driving Cycle|NEDC]] range of {{cvt|523|km|mi}} and a 0–100 km/h acceleration time of 8.2 seconds, while the higher-level Plus and Top trims both have a {{cvt|93|kWh|MJ}} battery with a NEDC range of up to {{cvt|643|km|mi}} and a 0–100 km/h acceleration time of 7.9 seconds.<ref>{{cite web | date = 15 April 2020 | url = https://www.electrive.com/2020/04/15/cag-nio-launch-the-first-bev-in-the-hycan-brand/ | title = GAC-Nio launch the first BEV in the Hycan brand | work = Electrive.com | accessdate = 2 November 2020}}</ref><gallery>
File:Hycan 007 001.jpg|Hycan 007 front
File:Hycan 007 003.jpg|Hycan 007 rear
</gallery>

===Hycan Z03===
{{Main|Hycan Z03}}

The Hycan Z03 is a [[subcompact CUV|subcompact]] [[Electric car|electric]] crossover [[sport utility vehicle]] produced in China since April 2021. It is an [[Aion Y]] with a redesigned front and rear end, interior, and wheel design.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.carscoops.com/2021/09/the-weirdest-tuned-cars-from-the-2021-chengdu-auto-show/ |title=The Weirdest Tuned Cars From The 2021 Chengdu Auto Show |publisher=Carscoops |date=2021-09-05 |accessdate=2022-08-12}}</ref><gallery>
File:Hycan Z03 001.jpg|Hycan Z03 front
File:Hycan Z03 002.jpg|Hycan Z03 rear
</gallery>

===Hycan A06===
{{Main|Hycan A06}}

The Hycan A06 is a mid-size electric sedan launched in 2022.<gallery>
File:Hycan A06 001.jpg|Hycan A06 front
File:Hycan A06 002.jpg|Hycan A06 rear
</gallery>

===Hycan V09===
{{Main|Hycan V09}}

The Hycan V09 is an electric MPV launched in 2023.<gallery>
File:Hycan V09 001.jpg|Hycan V09 front
File:Hycan V09 002.jpg|Hycan V09 rear
</gallery>

== Technologies ==

=== 'Little Can' AI ===

Hycan vehicles feature a smart assistant similar to [[Nio Inc.|Nio]]'s Nomi smart assistant. The assistant, named 'Little Can' (in Chinese, 小CAN, pronounced Xiǎo Cān), can pull up the car's navigation, control the music, adjust the cabin temperature, open or close windows, and take a selfie of the passengers in the cabin.

== Sales ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Hycan sales data<ref>{{Cite web |title=没有汽车行业从业背景的原科大讯飞副总裁杜兰，能给合创汽车带来什么？ |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/www.sohu.com/a/722,109,400_120922996 |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=www.sohu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=合创汽车 2021销量 - Google 搜索 |url=https://xl.16888.com/b/128793/ |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=www.google.com.hk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=合创汽车销量查询，合创汽车销量排名，合创汽车历史销量查询 - 车主之家 |url=https://xl.16888.com/b/128793/ |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=xl.16888.com}}</ref>
!Year
!Sales
|-
!2020
|659
|-
!2021
|2,907
|-
!2022
|19,621
|-
!2023
|15,980
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{GAC Group}}
{{NIO (car company)}}

[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2019]]
[[Category:GAC Aion]]
[[Category:NIO (car company)]]
[[Category:GAC Group joint ventures]]
[[Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of China]]

Guangzhou Automobile Group Bus

2024-09-23T05:45:36Z

TimWu007: removed Category:GAC Group; added Category:GAC Group divisions and subsidiaries using HotCat

{{Short description|Chinese bus manufacturer}}
{{Update|reason=The bus brand Guangzhou and GAG have been discontinued, and the company has turned into a joint venture with [[BYD Auto]]|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Guangzhou Automobile Group Bus
| logo =
| caption =
| type =
| fate =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = 2008
| founder =
| defunct =
| location =
| locations =
| location_city = [[Guangzhou]]
| location_country = [[China]]
| area_served =
| key_people =
| industry =
| products = [[Bus]]es
| production =
| services =
| owner =
| num_employees =
| parent = [[Guangzhou Automobile Group]]
| divisions =
| subsid =
| homepage = http://www.gacbus.com/
| footnotes =
}}

'''Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd. Bus''' (GAAC), is the part of the [[Guangzhou Automobile Group]] (GAC) that manufactures [[bus]]es in [[China]]. It was formed in 2008 by merging two divisions of GAC, '''Guangzhou Denway Bus''', '''Guangzhou Yuelong Bus''' and '''Guangzhou Isuzu Bus''', into one. Buses are produced using [[Isuzu]] technology. They were merged after Isuzu withdrew from its joint venture. The brands (Denway-, Yangcheng- and Isuzu-), are to be integrated into the ''Guangzhou'' brand.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinacarforums.com/forum/showthread.php?t=1233|title=Guangzhou Bus (GAAC), Guilin-Daewoo, Quick Bus, Shanghai}}</ref>

==Guangzhou Denway Bus==
'''Guangzhou Denway Bus''' Co Ltd was set up as a 50-50 partnership between [[Hong Kong China Lounge Investments]] and [[Guangzhou Automobile Group]].

==Guangzhou Yuelong Bus==
{{Expand section|date=November 2012}}

==Guangzhou Isuzu Bus==
'''Guangzhou Isuzu Bus''' was set up as a joint venture between [[Isuzu]] and [[Guangzhou Automobile Group]] Co., Ltd. based in [[Guangdong]], China. They manufacture buses under the ''Guangzhou Isuzu'' brand. It was established in 2000 with Isuzu holding 49%, and Guangzhou Automobile holding the other 51%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.isuzu.co.jp/world/press/2001/p_0328.html|title=ISUZU:ISUZU Becomes the First Japanese Automaker to Produce Medium and Heavy-Duty Buses in China}}</ref> Isuzu withdrew from the joint venture in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinacarforums.com/forum/showthread.php?t=1233|title=Guangzhou Bus (GAAC), Guilin-Daewoo, Quick Bus, Shanghai}}</ref>

===Products===
[[File:Baiyunport Airport Express - Guangzhou Gala - 01.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Guangzhou Isuzu Gala bus]]
*Guangzhou Isuzu Gala bus

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.gacbus.com/ GAC Bus website]

[[Category:Bus manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:GAC Group divisions and subsidiaries]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Guangzhou]]
[[Category:Chinese companies established in 2008]]

Hycan

2024-09-23T05:44:48Z

TimWu007: +Category:GAC Aion; ±Category:GAC Group divisions and subsidiaries→Category:GAC Group joint ventures using HotCat

{{Short description|Chinese electric vehicle company}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Hycan Automobile Technology Co., Ltd
| native_name = 合创汽车科技有限公司
| logo = Hycan logo.png
| type = [[automotive industry|Automotive]] [[joint venture]]
| traded_as =
| fate =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = 2019
| founder = Zhang Fangyou
| defunct =
| location_city = [[Guangzhou]]
| location_country = [[China]]
| location =
| locations =
| area_served = China Israel Philippines
| key_people =
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| products = [[Electric car|Electric]] [[car|automobiles]]
| production = {{Increase}} 2,856 vehicles
| production_year = 2023
| services =
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| assets =
| equity =
| owner = Pearl River Investment (68.56%) [[GAC Aion]] (20.54%) [[GAC Group]] (4.46%)
| num_employees =
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid =
| homepage = {{URL|www.hycan.com.cn}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Hycan Automobile Technology''' ({{zh|c=合创汽车科技有限公司}}) is a Chinese [[electric vehicle]] manufacturer headquartered in [[Guangzhou]], [[China]].

==History==
[[File:Hycan Concept-S and Concept-M at the 2021 Guangzhou Auto Show.jpg|thumb|Hycan's concept vehicles: Concept-S and Concept-M]]
On 10 April 2018, [[GAC Group]], GAC New Energy Technology (now [[GAC Aion]]) and [[Nio Inc.]] established a joint venture called GAC-Nio New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., and almost a year later, on 1 April 2019, GAC and Nio announced the upcoming revealing of a new brand Hycan and electric [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]] under this joint venture.<ref>{{cite web | date = 20 May 2019 | url = https://www.chinapev.com/ev-2/gac-nio-hycan/gac-nio-established-a-joint-venture-to-release-a-new-brand-and-new-ev/ | title = GAC-NIO Established a Joint-Venture to Release a New Brand and New EV | work = ChinaPEV.com | accessdate = 2 November 2020}}</ref>

In early 2021, Guangdong Pearl River Investment Management Group has become GAC-Nio's largest shareholder, while Nio's stake in Hycan was diluted to 4.5%.<ref>{{cite web|title=China's GAC Nio Is Set for Name Change After Ownership Shakeup|url=https://www.yicaiglobal.com/news/china-gac-nio-is-set-for-name-change-after-ownership-shakeup}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=GAC Group and Pearl River Investment Management Group Reached Strategic Cooperation to Jointly Create New Development Modes of Intelligent Automobiles |url=https://www.gac.com.cn/en/news/detail?baseid=18103 |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=GAC Group}}</ref> Later that year, GAC-Nio changed its name to Hycan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bai |first=Haotian |date=2022-05-12 |title=广汽蔚来已成过去式凭"EDG"破圈的朱一航能否挽救合创汽车 |work=The Beijing News |url=https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/2022/05-12/9752801.shtml |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614213735/https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/2022/05-12/9752801.shtml |archive-date=2022-06-14 |via=chinanews.com |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2022, Nio withdrew as a shareholder of Hycan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-24 |title=蔚来退出合创汽车，退出前持股比例约4.46% |work=Sina Tech |url=https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/it/2022-08-24/doc-imizirav9496746.shtml |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102205754/https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/it/2022-08-24/doc-imizirav9496746.shtml |archive-date=2023-01-02 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Models==
===Hycan 007===
{{Main|Hycan 007}}
The Hycan 007 is a [[Mid-size SUV|mid-size]] [[Electric car|electric]] [[sport utility vehicle]] produced since April 2020.

On 20 May 2019, Hycan revealed the 007 concept, an [[Aion LX]] (produced by [[GAC New Energy]]) with a redesigned front and rear end, interior, and wheel design.<ref>{{cite web | date = 28 May 2019 | url = https://insideevs.com/news/351718/gac-nio-hycan-brand-concept-bev/ | title = GAC-NIO Introduces Hycan Brand And Concept Electric SUV | work = InsideEVs.com | accessdate = 2 November 2020}}</ref> The production model was yet to be revealed and multiple teasers were shown before the upcoming revealing.<ref>{{cite web | date = 14 August 2019 | url = https://www.chinapev.com/ev-2/gac-nio-hycan/teaser-images-of-hycans-first-ev-features-triple-screens/ | title = Teaser Images of Hycan's First EV, Features Triple Screens | work = ChinaPEV.com | accessdate = 2 November 2020}}</ref>

On 27 December 2019, the largely unchanged production Hycan 007 was revealed and went on pre-sale before being officially listed for sale in the Chinese market in April 2020 at a starting price of 262,000 Chinese yuan (US$37,343).<ref>{{cite web | date = 27 December 2019 | url = https://www.chinapev.com/ev-2/gac-nio-hycan/named-hycan-007-gac-nios-first-pure-electric-suv-started-pre-sale-in-chinese-market-range-of-399miles/ | title = Named HYCAN 007, GAC-NIO's First Pure Electric SUV Started Pre-Sale in Chinese Market, Range of 399miles | work = ChinaPEV.com | accessdate = 2 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | date = 11 April 2020 | url = https://www.chinapev.com/ev-2/gac-nio-hycan/hycan-007-gac-nios-first-pure-ev-officially-listed-in-the-chinese-market-with-price-started-at-262000-yuan/ | title = HYCAN 007, GAC-NIO's First Pure EV Officially Listed in the Chinese market with price started at 262,000 yuan | work = ChinaPEV.com | accessdate = 2 November 2020}}</ref>

The 007 is available in three trim levels, Base, Plus, and Top. The Base trim level has a {{cvt|73|kWh|MJ}} battery pack with a [[New European Driving Cycle|NEDC]] range of {{cvt|523|km|mi}} and a 0–100 km/h acceleration time of 8.2 seconds, while the higher-level Plus and Top trims both have a {{cvt|93|kWh|MJ}} battery with a NEDC range of up to {{cvt|643|km|mi}} and a 0–100 km/h acceleration time of 7.9 seconds.<ref>{{cite web | date = 15 April 2020 | url = https://www.electrive.com/2020/04/15/cag-nio-launch-the-first-bev-in-the-hycan-brand/ | title = GAC-Nio launch the first BEV in the Hycan brand | work = Electrive.com | accessdate = 2 November 2020}}</ref><gallery>
File:Hycan 007 001.jpg|Hycan 007 front
File:Hycan 007 003.jpg|Hycan 007 rear
</gallery>

===Hycan Z03===
{{Main|Hycan Z03}}

The Hycan Z03 is a [[subcompact CUV|subcompact]] [[Electric car|electric]] crossover [[sport utility vehicle]] produced in China since April 2021. It is an [[Aion Y]] with a redesigned front and rear end, interior, and wheel design.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.carscoops.com/2021/09/the-weirdest-tuned-cars-from-the-2021-chengdu-auto-show/ |title=The Weirdest Tuned Cars From The 2021 Chengdu Auto Show |publisher=Carscoops |date=2021-09-05 |accessdate=2022-08-12}}</ref><gallery>
File:Hycan Z03 001.jpg|Hycan Z03 front
File:Hycan Z03 002.jpg|Hycan Z03 rear
</gallery>

===Hycan A06===
{{Main|Hycan A06}}

The Hycan A06 is a mid-size electric sedan launched in 2022.<gallery>
File:Hycan A06 001.jpg|Hycan A06 front
File:Hycan A06 002.jpg|Hycan A06 rear
</gallery>

===Hycan V09===
{{Main|Hycan V09}}

The Hycan V09 is an electric MPV launched in 2023.<gallery>
File:Hycan V09 001.jpg|Hycan V09 front
File:Hycan V09 002.jpg|Hycan V09 rear
</gallery>

== Technologies ==

=== 'Little Can' AI ===

Hycan vehicles feature a smart assistant similar to [[Nio Inc.|Nio]]'s Nomi smart assistant. The assistant, named 'Little Can' (in Chinese, 小CAN, pronounced Xiǎo Cān), can pull up the car's navigation, control the music, adjust the cabin temperature, open or close windows, and take a selfie of the passengers in the cabin.

== Sales ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Hycan sales data<ref>{{Cite web |title=没有汽车行业从业背景的原科大讯飞副总裁杜兰，能给合创汽车带来什么？ |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/www.sohu.com/a/722,109,400_120922996 |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=www.sohu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=合创汽车 2021销量 - Google 搜索 |url=https://xl.16888.com/b/128793/ |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=www.google.com.hk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=合创汽车销量查询，合创汽车销量排名，合创汽车历史销量查询 - 车主之家 |url=https://xl.16888.com/b/128793/ |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=xl.16888.com}}</ref>
!Year
!Sales
|-
!2020
|659
|-
!2021
|2,907
|-
!2022
|19,621
|-
!2023
|15,980
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{GAC Group}}
{{NIO (car company)}}

[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2019]]
[[Category:GAC Group joint ventures]]
[[Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:NIO (car company)]]
[[Category:GAC Aion]]

Category:Hycan vehicles

2024-09-23T05:44:26Z

TimWu007: removed Category:GAC Group divisions and subsidiaries; added Category:GAC Group joint ventures using HotCat

[[Category:Cars of China]]
[[Category:GAC Group joint ventures]]
[[Category:Vehicles by brand]]

Hyptec HT

2024-09-23T05:43:44Z

TimWu007: removed Category:GAC Group using HotCat

{{Short description|Chinese electric mid-size SUV}}
{{Infobox electric vehicle
| name = Hyptec HT
| image = Aion Hyper HT 006.jpg
| caption =
| manufacturer = [[GAC Aion]]
| aka = Hyper HT (2023–2024)
| assembly = {{ubl
| China: [[Guangzhou]]
| 
}}
| production = 2023–present
| successor =
| class = [[Mid-size SUV]] ([[D-segment|D]])
| designer =
| body_style = 5-door [[SUV]]
| layout = {{ubl
| [[Rear-engine, rear-wheel drive layout|Rear-motor, rear-wheel drive]]
|
}}
| platform = AEP3.0 EV-dedicated architecture
| doors = {{ubl
| 4 Conventional doors
| Conventional doors (front) [[Gull-wing doors]] (rear)
}}
| engine =
| motor = [[Permanent magnet motor|Permanent magnet]] [[induction motor|asynchronous motor]]
| powerout = {{ubl
| {{convert|180|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} (70/72.7 kWh)
| {{convert|250|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} (80/83/99.5 kWh)
}}
| transmission =
| drivetrain =
| battery = {{unbulleted list
| '''[[Lithium iron phosphate battery|LFP]] Magazine Battery'''
| 70 – 83 kWh
| '''[[Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides|NMC]]'''
| 80 – 99.5 kWh
}}
| electric_range = {{cvt|550-825|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} (CLTC) Maximum {{cvt|620|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} (NEDC)
| wheelbase = {{cvt|2935|mm|in|1}}
| length = {{cvt|4935|mm|in|1}}
| width = {{cvt|1920|mm|in|1}}
| height = {{cvt|1700|mm|in|1}}
| weight = {{cvt|NNNN|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
| related =
}}

The '''Hyptec HT''' ({{zh|c=昊铂HT|p=Hàobó HT}}) or previously '''Hyper HT''' is an [[electric car|electric]] [[mid-size SUV]] produced by [[China|Chinese]] automobile manufacturer [[GAC Aion]] and sold under its premium electric vehicle brand [[Hyptec]]. It is the third model unveiled under the Aion Hyptec series, after the [[Hyptec SSR]] and [[Hyptec GT]].

In August 2024, GAC Aion announced to rename the Hyper brand's English name to '''Hyptec.'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=昊铂官方更改全新品牌英文名命名正式改为“HYPTEC”_易车 |url=https://news.yiche.com/zonghexinwen/20240805/1593257870.html |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=news.yiche.com}}</ref>

==Specifications==
[[File:Aion Hyper HT 009.jpg|left|thumb|Rear view]]
[[File:GAC Aion Hyper HT Gull-wing in Grandview Mall, Guangzhou 20240309.jpg|left|thumb|[[Gull-wing door|Gull-wing]] version]]
The Hyptec HT is powered by an electric motor that gives the car and output of {{cvt|250|kW|hp}} and {{cvt|430|Nm|lbft}} of torque. The {{cvt|0-100|kph|mph}} acceleration time of the Hyper HT is 5.8 seconds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://carnewschina.com/2023/10/12/gac-aion-teases-hyper-ht-all-electric-suv-in-china-has-600-km-range/|title=GAC Aion teases Hyper HT all-electric SUV in China, has 600 km range|website=CarNewsChina.com|author=Dong Yi Chen|date=12 October 2023|accessdate=15 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.carscoops.com/2023/10/gacs-new-aion-hyper-ht-is-a-335-hp-suv-with-tesla-model-x-inspired-doors/|title=GAC's New Aion Hyper HT Is A 335 HP SUV With Tesla Model X-Inspired Gullwing Door|website=Carscoops|first=Brad|last=Anderson|date=13 October 2023|accessdate=15 October 2023}}</ref>

Hyptec HT entry-level trim is built with a 400-volt system with an electric motor producing {{convert|180|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|355|Nm|lb.ft kgm|0|abbr=on}} of torque powering the rear wheels, resulting in a {{convert|0-100|km/h|0|abbr=on}} acceleration of 6.8 seconds. The electric range is {{cvt|600|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} on the Chinese test cycle and a 10-minute charge can add {{cvt|140|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} to the range. Three other trim levels of the Hyper HT have a 800-volt system, with the same {{convert|250|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|430|Nm|lb.ft kgm|0|abbr=on}} electric motor tunned to have a {{convert|0-100|km/h|0|abbr=on}} acceleration time of 5.8 seconds. Two of the lower trims can drive {{cvt|670|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} on a single charge and offer rapid charging that adds {{cvt|415|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of range with a 15 minute charge. The flagship model comes with LiDAR sensors and has a range of {{cvt|770|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} and gets {{cvt|450|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of range with a 10-minute charge.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.carscoops.com/2023/10/gac-aion-hyper-ht-launched-with-400-volt-and-800-volt-options/|title=GAC Aion Hyper HT Launched With 400-Volt And 800-Volt Options, Up To 335 HP|website=Carscoops|first=Brad|last=Anderson|date=23 October 2023|accessdate=25 March 2024}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%;"
|+Specs<ref>https://www.hyper.com.cn/vehicle/config/table?alias=hyper_ht&cid=50</ref>
!Model!!Years!!Layout!!Power!!Torque!!0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) (Official)
|-
|70 kWh
|rowspan=4|2023–present
|rowspan=4|RWD
|rowspan=2|{{convert|180|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}}
|rowspan=2|{{convert|355|Nm|lb.ft kgm|0|abbr=on}}
|rowspan=2|6.8 s
|-
|72.7 kWh
|-
|80 kWh
|rowspan=2|{{convert|250|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}}
|rowspan=2|{{convert|430|Nm|lb.ft kgm|0|abbr=on}}
|5.8 s
|-
|99.5 kWh
|6.2 s
|}

{{clear}}
==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Aion vehicles}}

[[Category:Aion vehicles|Hyper HT]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 2023]]
[[Category:2020s cars]]
[[Category:Mid-size sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Production electric cars]]
[[Category:Cars of China]]

Hyptec GT

2024-09-23T05:43:42Z

TimWu007: removed Category:GAC Group using HotCat

{{Short description|Battery electric executive sedan}}
{{Infobox electric vehicle
| name = Hyptec GT
| image = 2023 GAC Aion Hyper GT.jpg
| caption =
| manufacturer = [[GAC Aion]]
| aka = Hyper GT (2023–2024)
| production = 2023–present
| assembly = China: [[Guangzhou]]
| designer = Xiaolin Xu
| class = [[Mid-size car]]
| body_style = 4-door [[sedan (automobile)|sedan]]
| layout = [[Rear-engine, rear-wheel drive layout|Rear-motor, rear-wheel drive]]
| platform = AEP3.0 EV-dedicated architecture
| doors = [[Scissor doors]] (front) conventional doors (rear)
| engine =
| motor = [[Permanent magnet motor|Permanent magnet]] [[induction motor|asynchronous motor]]
| powerout = {{ubl
| {{convert|180|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} (70 kWh)
| {{convert|250|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} (80 kWh)
}}
| transmission =
| drivetrain =
| battery = {{unbulleted list
| 70 kWh [[Lithium-ion battery|Li-ion battery]]
| 80 kWh Li-ion battery
}}
| electric_range = {{unbulleted list
| {{cvt|600|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} (70 kWh)
| {{cvt|710|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} (80 kWh)
}}
| wheelbase = {{cvt|2920|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{cvt|4886|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{cvt|1917|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{cvt|1449|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{cvt|NNNN|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
| related =
| predecessor =
| successor =
}}

The '''Hyptec GT''' ({{zh|c=昊铂GT|p=Hàobó GT}}) or previously '''Hyper GT''' is an [[electric car|electric]] mid-size sedan to be produced by [[China|Chinese]] automobile manufacturer [[GAC Aion]] and sold under its premium electric vehicle brand [[Hyptec]]. When the Hyper GT production starts, it will be the second vehicle of the Aion Hyper series after the [[Hyptec SSR]] sports car.

In August 2024, GAC Aion announced to rename the Hyper brand's English name to '''Hyptec.'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=昊铂官方更改全新品牌英文名命名正式改为“HYPTEC”_易车 |url=https://news.yiche.com/zonghexinwen/20240805/1593257870.html |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=news.yiche.com}}</ref>

==Overview==
The Hyptec GT was revealed on 30 December 2022 at [[Auto Guangzhou]]. It is planned to begin production and go on sale in October 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cnevpost.com/2022/12/30/gac-aion-unveils-hyper-gt/|title=GAC Aion unveils Hyper GT, 2nd model of its Hyper brand|website=CnEVPost|first=Kang|last=Lei|date=30 December 2022|accessdate=11 January 2023}}</ref>

==Specifications==
[[File:Aion Hyper GT 009.jpg|thumb|left|Rear view]]
[[File:Aion Hyper GT 005.jpg|thumb|left|Interior]]
When production of the Hyptec GT begins, it will have the lowest-ever [[wind resistance]] coefficient of any mass-production car at 0.19 cd. The GAC research and development team used aerodynamic design cues featured in previous concepts such as the [[GAC ENO.146]] and [[GAC TIME|TIME]] to achieve the low drag coefficient of the Hyper GT.<ref name="cs">{{cite web|url=https://www.carscoops.com/2022/12/gac-aion-hyper-gt-debuts-as-the-most-aerodynamic-production-ev/|title=GAC Aion Hyper GT Debuts As The Most Aerodynamic Production EV|website=Carscoops|first=Thanos|last=Pappas|date=30 December 2022|accessdate=11 January 2023}}</ref>

The Hyptec GT is based on GAC's AEP 3.0 platform.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://carnewschina.com/2022/12/31/gac-aion-unveils-hyper-gt-at-the-2022-guangzhou-auto-show/|title=GAC Aion Unveils Hyper GT at the 2022 Guangzhou Auto Show|website=CarNewsChina.com|first=Hillary|last=Princewell|date=31 December 2022|accessdate=11 January 2023}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%;"
|+Specs<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hyper.com.cn/vehicle/config/table?alias=hyper_gt&cid=44 | title=昊铂 }}</ref>
!Model!!Years!!Layout!!Power!!Torque!!0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) (Official)
|-
|70 kWh
|rowspan=2|2023–present
|rowspan=2|RWD
|{{convert|180|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|355|Nm|lb.ft kgm|0|abbr=on}}
|6.5 s
|-
|80 kWh
|{{convert|250|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|430|Nm|lb.ft kgm|0|abbr=on}}
|4.9 s
|}

{{clear left}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Aion vehicles}}

[[Category:Aion vehicles|Hyper GT]]
[[Category:2020s cars]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 2022]]
[[Category:Cars of China]]
[[Category:Production electric cars]]
[[Category:Sedans]]

{{modern-auto-stub}}

Hyptec SSR

2024-09-23T05:43:33Z

TimWu007: removed Category:GAC Group using HotCat

{{Short description|Future Chinese electric sports car}}
{{Infobox electric vehicle
| name = Hyptec SSR
| image = Aion Hyper SSR 006.jpg
| caption =
| manufacturer = [[GAC Aion]]
| aka = Hyper SSR (2023–2024)
| assembly = China: [[Guangzhou]]
| production = 2023–present
| successor =
| class = [[Sports car]] ([[S-segment|S]])
| designer = Pontus Fontaeus (exterior) Don Kabongo (interior)
| body_style = 2-door [[coupe]]
| layout =
| platform = AEP 3.0
| doors = [[Scissor doors]]
| engine =
| motor =
| transmission =
| powerout = {{convert|900|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}}
| drivetrain = {{unbulleted list
| [[Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Mid-motor, rear-wheel-drive]] (Hyptec SSR)
| [[Rear mid-engine, four-wheel-drive layout|Mid-motor, four-wheel-drive]] (Hyptec SSR Sprint Speed/Hyptec SSR Ultimate Track)
}}
| battery = 74.69 kWh [[Lithium-ion battery|Li-ion battery]]
| electric_range = {{cvt|506|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} (CLTC)
| wheelbase = {{cvt|2650|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{cvt|4556|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{cvt|1988|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{cvt|1230|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{cvt|NNNN|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
| related =
}}

The '''Hyptec SSR''' ({{zh|c=昊铂SSR|p=Hàobó SSR}}) or previously '''Hyper SSR''' is an [[electric car|electric]] [[sports car]] to be produced by [[China|Chinese]] automobile manufacturer [[GAC Aion]] and sold under the Hyper premium EV brand beginning in 2023. The Hyper SSR will be the first production 2-door supercar by GAC.

In August 2024, GAC Aion announced to rename the Hyper brand's English name to '''Hyptec.'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=昊铂官方更改全新品牌英文名命名正式改为“HYPTEC”_易车 |url=https://news.yiche.com/zonghexinwen/20240805/1593257870.html |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=news.yiche.com}}</ref>

==Overview==
[[File:Aion Hyper SSR 06.jpg|left|thumb|Rear view]]
[[File:Aion Hyper SSR 003.jpg|left|thumb|Interior]]
The Hyptec SSR was first previewed by the [[GAC Enpulse]] electric [[roadster (automobile)|roadster]] concept, revealed at [[Auto China]] in [[Beijing]] in September 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.carscoops.com/2020/09/gac-enpulse-all-electric-roadster-concept-will-get-your-pulse-racing/|title=GAC Enpulse All-Electric Roadster Concept Will Get Your Pulse Racing|website=Carscoops|first=Dan|last=Mihalascu|date=29 September 2020|accessdate=15 September 2022}}</ref>

On September 14, 2022, GAC revealed on [[Sina Weibo|Weibo]] that a new sports car and Aion brand logo would be revealed the following day at an event called GAC Aion Brand Day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://carnewschina.com/2022/09/14/gac-aion-to-issue-new-logo-and-hyper-ev-on-september-15/|title=GAC AION To Issue Crazy Hyper EV Concept on September 15|website=CarNewsChina.com|first=Allen|last=Yang|date=14 September 2022|accessdate=15 September 2022}}</ref> On the 15th, the Aion Hyper SSR was revealed wearing the Aion brand's new logo.<ref name="cnc">{{cite web|url=https://carnewschina.com/2022/09/15/gac-aion-officially-launched-1-9s-0-100km-h-acceleration-hyper-ev/|title=GAC AION Officially Launched Aion Hyper SSR with 1.9s 0-100km/h Acceleration performance|website=CarNewsChina.com|first=Allen|last=Yang|date=15 September 2022|accessdate=15 September 2022}}</ref>

The Hyptec SSR will have starting price of [[Renminbi|RMB]] 1.3 million (~[[US$]]186,000) while the Hyper SSR Ultimate model will start at RMB 1.7 million (US$244,000). Production and deliveries of the car began in October 2023.<ref name="cnc"/> As of March 2023, the production line is started, and some units of Hyper SSR were made.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://carnewschina.com/2023/03/20/chinas-first-ev-supercar-aion-hyper-ssr-spotted-on-production-line/|title="China's first EV supercar" – Aion Hyper SSR – spotted on production line|website=CarNewsChina.com|first=Hillary|last=Princewill|date=20 March 2023|accessdate=23 June 2023}}</ref>
In December 2023, GAC Aion launched the Hyper SSR in Thailand as Chinese-built left-hand drive version only.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-12-11|title=เปิดรับจองในไทย Pre-Booking รถไฟฟ้า100% GAC Aion Hyper SSR ค่าตัว 7890000 บาท|url=https://m.facebook.com/100079684176852/posts/349135427752594/|access-date=2023-12-19|publisher=Autolifethailand|language=th}}</ref>

==Specifications==
===Technical specs===
The Hyptec SSR Ultimate Track model has a {{cvt|0-100|kph|mph}} time of 1.9 seconds while standard Hyper SSR has a {{cvt|0-100|kph|mph}} time of 2.3 seconds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cnevpost.com/2022/09/15/gac-aion-unveils-hyper-ssr-electric-supercar/|title=GAC Aion unveils Hyper SSR electric supercar, boasting acceleration to 100 km/h in 1.9 seconds|website=CnEVPost|first=Phate|last=Zhang|date=15 September 2022|accessdate=25 June 2023}}</ref> The standard Hyper SSR uses a [[Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|mid-motor, rear-wheel-drive layout]] while the Hyper SSR Ultimate has a [[Rear mid-engine, four-wheel-drive layout|mid-motor, four-wheel-drive layout]].<ref name="cnc"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%;"
|+Specs<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hyper.com.cn/vehicle/config/table?alias=hyper_ssr&cid=46 | title=昊铂 }}</ref>
!Model!!Years!!Layout!!Power!!Torque!!0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) (Official)
|-
|Hyptec SSR
|rowspan=2|2023–present
|RWD
|rowspan=2|{{convert|900|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}}
|rowspan=2|{{convert|1230|Nm|lb.ft kgm|0|abbr=on}}
|2.3 s
|-
|Hyptec SSR Sprint Speed Hyptec SSR Ultimate Track
|AWD
|1.9 s
|}

===Design===
The Hyptec SSR retains many design cues of the 2020 GAC Enpulse concept car, such as its [[scissor doors]] and a similar side profile. However, unlike the Enpulse, the Hyper SSR does not have convertible roof.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.carscoops.com/2022/09/the-gac-aion-hyper-ssr-is-chinas-first-electric-supercar-and-it-can-do-0-60-in-1-9-sec/|title=The GAC Aion Hyper SSR Is China's First Electric Supercar And It Can Do 0-60 In 1.9-Sec|website=Carscoops|first=Stephen|last=Rivers|date=15 September 2022|accessdate=16 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="cnc"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Aion vehicles}}

[[Category:Aion vehicles|Hyper SSR]]
[[Category:2020s cars]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 2022]]
[[Category:Cars of China]]
[[Category:Production electric cars]]
[[Category:Electric sports cars]]

{{modern-auto-stub}}

Template:Aion vehicles

2024-09-23T05:43:26Z

TimWu007:

{{Navbox
|name = Aion vehicles
|title = [[GAC Aion]]
|state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}}
|bodyclass = hlist
|image =

|group1 = Current models
| list1 = {{Navbox|subgroup|
|group1 = Sedans
|list1 =
* [[Aion S]]
* [[Hyptec GT]]

|group2 = Sports cars
|list2 =
* [[Hyptec SSR]]

|group3 = Crossovers/SUVs
|list3 =
* [[Aion LX]]
* [[Aion V]]
* [[Aion Y]]
* [[Hyptec HT]]
}}

|group4 = Upcoming models
| list4 = {{Navbox|subgroup|
|group1 =
|list1 =
* [[Aion RT]]
}}

}}<noinclude>
[[Category:GAC Aion|*]]
[[Category:Automotive company templates]]
[[Category:China company templates]]
</noinclude>

Hyptec

2024-09-23T05:42:56Z

TimWu007: −Category:GAC Group; −Category:GAC Group divisions and subsidiaries using HotCat

{{Short description|Chinese electric car brand owned by GAC Aion}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Hyptec
| logo = Hyptec 2024 logo.png
| logo_size =
| former_name = Hyper (2022–2024)
| type = [[Brand]]
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|2022|09}}
| hq_location_city = [[Guangzhou]]
| hq_location_country = China
| num_locations =
| area_served = {{ubl
| China
| Southeast Asia
}}
| key_people = Zhang Fangyou
| products = [[Electric vehicles]]
| services =
| parent = [[GAC Aion]]
| divisions =
| module = {{Infobox Chinese|child=yes|s=昊铂|p=Hàobó |order=st|hide=no|altname=Trading name}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.hyptec.com/|hyptec.com}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Hyptec''' ({{zh|c=昊铂|p=Hàobó}}), is the premium brand of [[GAC Aion]]. Based in [[Guangzhou]], it founded in 2022 with the name '''Hyper'''.

== History ==

In September 2022, [[GAC Aion]] presented its plans to expand its portfolio with a new brand called Hyper.<ref>{{Cite web |last=张洁 |title=GAC Aion unveils high-end Hyper marque to go upward |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202209/19/WS6327cb60a310fd2b29e7863f.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref> It was created to fill the niche of more expensive, more technically advanced and more luxurious electric cars.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-03 |title=Aion Hyper SSR - Lokalne zagrożenie |url=https://autogen.pl/news-5860-aion-hyper-ssr-lokalne-zagrozenie.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=autogen.pl |language=pl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bobylev |first=Denis |date=2023-10-09 |title=GAC Aion Hyper SSR launched with 1,224 hp. Price starts at 176,400 USD |url=https://carnewschina.com/2023/10/09/gac-aion-hyper-ssr-launched-with-1224-hp-price-starts-at-176400-usd/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=CarNewsChina.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

Hyper's first product is the [[Hyper SSR]] [[Supercar|hypercar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Aion Hyper SSR Lokalne zagrożenie |url=https://autogen.pl/news-5860-aion-hyper-ssr-lokalne-zagrozenie.html |access-date=2024-02-24 |language=pl}}</ref> Production of the SSR began in October 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=GAC Aion Hyper SSR launched with 1,224 hp. Price starts at 176,400 USD |url=https://carnewschina.com/2023/10/09/gac-aion-hyper-ssr-launched-with-1224-hp-price-starts-at-176400-usd/ |access-date=2024-02-24 |language=en}}</ref> In 2023, the Hyper lineup was further expanded with a second model, the [[Hyper GT]] sedan, which was first revealed through photos in December 2022 and went on sale in July 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=GAC Aion unveils Hyper GT, 2nd model of its Hyper brand |url=https://cnevpost.com/2022/12/30/gac-aion-unveils-hyper-gt/ |access-date=2024-02-24 |language=en}}</ref> In October of the same year, the mid-size SUV Coupe [[Hyper HT]] debuted, with sales beginning in the domestic market in November 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=GAC Aion’s Hyper brand unveils HT SUV with gull-wing doors, starting at $30,000 |url=https://electrek.co/2023/10/20/gac-aions-hyper-brand-unveils-ht-suv-with-gull-wing-doors-starting-at-30000/ |access-date=2024-02-24 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=GAC Aion Hyper HT launched in China with gull-wing doors. Starts at 29,520 USD |url=https://carnewschina.com/2023/11/15/gac-aion-hyper-ht-launched-in-china-with-gull-wing-doors-starts-at-29520-usd/ |access-date=2024-02-24 |language=en}}</ref> In August 2024, the brand name was changed from Hyper to Hyptec.<ref>{{cite web |title=GAC Aion sub-brand Hyper officially changes English name to Hyptec |url=https://cnevpost.com/2024/08/05/hyper-changes-english-name-to-hyptec/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |language=en}}</ref>

== Products ==
* [[Hyptec GT]]
* [[Hyptec SSR]]
* [[Hyptec HT]]
<gallery widths="150" heights="120">
File:Aion_Hyper_GT_008.jpg|[[Hyptec GT]]
File:Aion_Hyper_HT_006.jpg|[[Hyptec HT]]
File:Aion_Hyper_SSR_001.jpg|[[Hyptec SSR]]
</gallery>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* {{Official website}}
* {{Commonscat-inline}}

{{Aion vehicles}}
{{GAC Group}}
{{Automotive industry in China}}

[[Category:GAC Aion|Hyptec]]
[[Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of China]]
[[Category:2022 establishments in China]]

Aion Y

2024-09-23T05:42:44Z

TimWu007: removed Category:GAC Group using HotCat

{{Short description|Battery electric compact crossover SUV produced by GAC Group}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox electric vehicle
| name = Aion Y
| image = 2021 GAC Aion Y (front).jpg
| caption = Aion Y
| manufacturer = [[GAC Aion]]
| aka = [[Hycan]] Z03 [[Elaris]] Leo / Lenn (Germany)
| assembly = {{ubl
| China: [[Guangzhou]]
| Thailand: [[Rayong]]
}}
| production = 2021–present
| predecessor = [[Trumpchi GE3]]
| successor =
| class = [[Compact crossover SUV]] ([[C-segment|C]])
| designer = Mehtap Topçu
| body_style = 5-door [[crossover SUV]]
| layout = [[Front-motor, front-wheel-drive]]
| platform = Architecture Electric Platform 3.0
| engine =
| motor = {{convert|100|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}} / {{convert|135|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}} Permanent-magnet synchronous motor {{convert|150|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}} Permanent-magnet synchronous motor (Y Plus)
| transmission =
| drivetrain =
| battery = {{ubl
| [[Lithium iron phosphate battery|LFP]] Magazine Battery
| 51.9 – 68.2 kWh
| '''[[Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides|NMC]]'''
| 69.98 kWh
}}
| electric_range = {{cvt|460|,|500|,|503|and|600|km|mi}} {{cvt|410|,|490|,|550|and|610|km|mi}} (Y Plus)
| wheelbase = {{convert|2750|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|4410|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1870|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1645|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight =
| related =
}}

The '''Aion Y''' is a [[compact MPV|compact]] [[electric vehicle|electric]] [[crossover SUV]] produced by [[GAC Aion]] since 2021. It was revealed as a concept at [[Auto Guangzhou]] in November 2020.

==Overview==
[[File:2021 GAC Aion Y (rear).jpg|thumb|left|Aion Y rear]]

The Aion Y was revealed at [[Auto Guangzhou]] in November 2020 as a concept previewing the fourth model under the Aion brand.<ref>{{cite web | date = 20 November 2020 | url = https://www.autohome.com.cn/news/202011/1074334.html | title = 2020广州车展探馆：广汽埃安Y实车曝光 | work = AutoHome.com | accessdate = 20 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | date = 20 November 2020 | url = https://www.evlook.com/news-35243.html | title = 2020广州车展：广汽埃安Y全球首发打破各种固有定律 | work = EVLook.com | accessdate = 20 November 2020}}</ref> It was revealed along two other GAC vehicles; the [[Trumpchi Empow]] [[performance car|performance]] [[sedan (automobile)|sedan]], and a [[concept vehicle]] called the '''GAC Moca'''.<ref>{{Cite news | date = 20 November 2020 | title = GAC Group Shows Aggressive Sedan And Promising Projects – DRIVE | work = Tekdeeps.com }}</ref>

The Aion Y was launched in the second half of 2021.<ref>{{cite web | url-access=limited |archive-url = https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/104291006270270/3940376332661699 |archive-date = 2022-04-27| url = https://www.facebook.com/carnewschina/posts/3940376332661699?__tn__=-R |title = CarNewsChina.com on Facebook |website=[[Facebook]]}}{{cbignore}}{{User-generated source|certain=yes|date=March 2022}}</ref> A ride-hailing-intended version called Aion Y Pio with different side-fenders and front bumper will also be produced.<ref>{{cite web | url-access=limited |archive-url = https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/104291006270270/4033619073337424 |archive-date = 2022-04-27| url = https://www.facebook.com/carnewschina/posts/4033619073337424?__tn__=-R |title = CarNewsChina.com on Facebook |website=[[Facebook]]}}{{cbignore}}{{User-generated source|certain=yes|date=March 2022}}</ref>

On March 29, 2021, Aion started taking pre-sale orders for the Aion Y as the brand's fourth EV. The Aion Y is offered in five grade levels. The Aion Y is equipped with the ''ADiGO 3.0'' [[Advanced driver-assistance system|automatic driving assistance system]], one-button remote parking and 5G in-vehicle entertainment as well as interior features including a LCD instrument panel and large central control screen. The Aion Y is available in four cruising range versions of {{convert|460|,|500|,|503|and|600|km|mi}}.<ref name="preorders start">{{cite web | date = March 29, 2021 | url = https://www.chinapev.com/gac-motor/gac-aion-y-goes-for-pre-sale-in-the-chinese-market-with-price-range-of-105900-to-149900-yuan/ | title = GAC AION Y Goes for Pre-sale in the Chinese Market with Price Range of 105,900 to 149,900 Yuan | work = chinapev.com | accessdate = 3 April 2021}}</ref>

The Aion Y features the ''ADiGO'' 3.0 [[Self-driving car|autonomous driving]] system and [[automatic parking]]. The Y is based on the new GAC GEP 2.0 platform.<ref>{{cite web | date = 20 November 2020 | url = http://www.rediantuijian.com/science/20201120798505.html | title = 【原创】广汽埃安Y首发亮相定位紧凑型SUV | work = rediantujian.com | accessdate = 20 November 2020}}</ref>

==Battery and powertrain==
The Aion Y offers an option of three different battery packs which are all Magazine Batteries developed by GAC inhouse. The Magazine Battery features a special layout that provides better performance of high temperature resistance and explosion resistance and can be built as a ternary lithium battery or a lithium iron phosphate battery. The energy density of the battery system on the AION Y is 184Wh/kg, and the power consumption per 100 kilometres under working conditions is {{cvt|13.8|kWh}}.<ref name="preorders start" />

The smallest battery has a capacity of {{cvt|60|kWh}}, good for a NEDC range of {{convert|460|km|mi}}. Sitting above that is a {{cvt|70|kWh|adj=on}} battery that is good for a NEDC range of {{convert|500|km|mi}} in the Aion Y. The top version has an {{cvt|80|kWh|adj=on}} battery that is able to achieve a NEDC range of {{convert|600|km|mi}}. The Aion Y with a {{cvt|60|kWh|adj=on}} battery has a {{convert|136|hp|kW PS|0|adj=on}} electric motor. The {{cvt|70|and|80|kWh}} battery models have an electric motor that could produce a maximum of {{convert|184|hp|kW PS|0}} and {{convert|225|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="techzle">{{cite web | date = 2 April 2021 | url = http://techzle.com/aion-y-is-new-hip-electric-suv | title = Aion Y is new hip electric SUV| work = techzle.com | accessdate = 3 April 2021}}</ref>

The Aion Y is equipped with a permanent magnet synchronous motor on the front axle, with a maximum power of {{cvt|135|kW|hp PS|0}} and a peak torque of {{convert|350|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}. Four driving modes are available, with three steering modes and additional braking energy recovery modes.<ref name="preorders start" />

==Interior==
[[File:Aion Y 006.jpg|thumb|left|Aion Y interior]]
The Aion Y features a minimalist interior with a large multimedia screen and digital instruments. The central screen has a diameter of 14.5 inches and is oriented horizontally. The Aion Y has 5G connectivity, can operate semi-autonomously, and is able to scan the face of its occupants and then adjust certain settings accordingly according to GAC.<ref name="techzle" />

The intelligent equipment of Aion Y, ''ADiGO 2.0'' driver assistance system integrates 5 safe driving assistance functions, including [[Collision avoidance system|front collision warning (FCW), active brake assist system (AEB)]], [[Lane departure warning system|lane departure warning (LDW)]], [[Lane centering|lane keeping assist (LKA)]], driver status monitoring (DMS) and 7 automatic driving assistance functions, including [[Adaptive cruise control|adaptive cruise (ACC)]], intelligent high beam (IHBC), intelligent speed limit adaptive cruise (iACC), traffic sign recognition (TSR), Traffic jam assist (TJA), remote parking and integrated cruise (ICA).<ref name="preorders start" />

{{clear}}

==Aion Y Plus==
Unveiled in October 2022, the Aion Y Plus is an updated variant of the all-electric Aion Y which is slightly longer, features a different styling (taking design cues from the smaller Aion V Plus). Compared with the Aion Y, the length of the Aion Y Plus is lengthened to 4535mm. The front overhang is increased by 23mm, while the rear overhang is increased by 102mm, and the total length of the car is increased by 125mm. The wheelbase remains to be the same as the Aion Y.

The Aion Y Plus is equipped with a permanent magnet synchronous motors with 150 kW and 225 Nm. Two trim levels are available with the Y Plus 70 Executive Edition powered by a 63.98 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery pack developed by GAC in-house which supports a pure electric cruising range of 510 km. The Y Plus 80 Executive Edition is equipped with a 76.8 kWh ternary lithium battery pack supporting a pure electric cruising range of 610 km.<ref name="Y Plus">{{cite web | date = 20 October 2022 | url = https://carnewschina.com/2022/10/20/gac-aion-y-plus-launched-in-chinese-market-price-starts-at-24800-usd/ | title = GAC Aion Y Plus Launched In Chinese Market, Price Starts At 24,800 USD| work = carnewschina.com | accessdate = 1 January 2023}}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="150">
File:2022 GAC Aion Y Plus.jpg|Aion Y Plus
File:2024 GAC Aion Y Plus Premium in TSM Bandung 02.jpg|Rear view
File:2024 GAC Aion Y Plus Premium in TSM Bandung 04.jpg|Interior
</gallery>

=== Markets ===

==== Indonesia ====
The Y Plus was first introduced to the media in Indonesia on 11 June 2024, marking GAC's entry to the Indonesian market and the first model from the Aion sub-brand to be sold in Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sudjatmiko |first=Suryo |date=2024-06-11 |title=GAC Aion Y Plus Resmi Diperkenalkan Di Indonesia. Ini 5 Fakta Menariknya |url=http://otodriver.com/berita/2024/gac-aion-y-plus-resmi-diperkenalkan-di-indonesia-ini-5-fakta-menariknya-gacdegccnya |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=Oto Driver |language=id}}</ref> It was launched to the public on 19 June 2024 as GAC's first overall model in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nurhuda |first=Septian Farhan |date=2024-06-19 |title=Mobil Listrik GAC Aion Y Plus Meluncur di Indonesia, Harganya Rp 400 Jutaan |url=https://oto.detik.com/mobil-listrik/d-7398575/mobil-listrik-gac-aion-y-plus-meluncur-di-indonesia-harganya-rp-400-jutaan |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=detikOto |language=id}}</ref> Initially imported from China, there are two variant levels available for the Y Plus; Exclusive with the 50.6 kWh battery pack and NEDC range of {{Convert|410|km|mi}}, and Premium with the 63.2 kWh battery pack and NEDC range of {{Convert|490|km|mi}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shafly |first=Naufal |date=2024-06-19 |title=Mobil Listrik GAC Aion Y Plus Resmi Mengaspal di Indonesia, Harga Rp 415 Juta |url=https://www.gridoto.com/read/224107785/mobil-listrik-gac-aion-y-plus-resmi-mengaspal-di-indonesia-harga-rp-415-juta |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=GridOto |language=id}}</ref>

==== Malaysia ====
The Y Plus was first introduced in Malaysia in January 2024 during GAC Motor Malaysia's media preview event in [[Petaling Jaya]] alongside the [[Trumpchi GS3|GS3 Emzoom]] and [[Trumpchi Emkoo|Emkoo]], marking the introduction of GAC's Aion sub-brand to the Malaysian market.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tan |first=Danny |date=2024-01-31 |title=GAC Aion Y Plus EV previewed in Malaysia - roomy SUV with 63.2 kWh batt, 430 km range; 1H 2024 launch |url=https://paultan.org/2024/01/31/gac-aion-y-plus-ev-previewed-in-malaysia-roomy-suv-with-63-2-kwh-batt-430-km-range-1h-2024-launch/ |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=Paul Tan's Automotive News}}</ref> It was launched on 21 May 2024 at the 2024 Malaysia Autoshow, imported from China.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Jonathan |date=2024-05-21 |title=GAC Aion Y Plus launched in Malaysia: 5-seat EV MPV, 204 PS/225 Nm, 430 km range, RM120k to RM136k |url=https://paultan.org/2024/05/21/gac-aion-y-plus-launched-in-malaysia-5-seat-ev-mpv-204-ps-225-nm-430-km-range-rm120k-to-rm136k/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=Paul Tan's Automotive News}}</ref> The Y Plus is available in two variant levels: Elite and Premium. Both variants were Standard Range models with the 63.2 kWh battery pack, which supports up to a NEDC range of {{Convert|490|km|mi}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samuel |date=2024-05-21 |title=2024 GAC Aion Y Plus EV SUV launched in Malaysia, from RM120k - 490km range, 2 variants |url=https://autobuzz.my/2024/05/21/2024-gac-aion-y-plus-ev-suv-launched-in-malaysia-from-rm120k-up-to-490km-range-2-variants/ |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=AutoBuzz.my}}</ref>

==== Singapore ====
The Y Plus was launched in Singapore on 5 April 2024 at VINCAR EV's new AION showroom, marking the first model from the Aion sub-brand to be sold in Singapore. It is available in a sole variant with a 63.2 kWh battery pack.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-06 |title=VINCAR EV launches all-electric Aion Y Plus in Singapore - Sgcarmart |url=https://www.sgcarmart.com/articles/news/vincar-ev-launches-all-electric-aion-y-plus-in-singapore-34887 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Sgcarmart.com |language=en-us}}</ref>

==== Thailand ====
The Y Plus was launched in Thailand on 9 September 2023, coinciding with the introduction of the GAC brand and its Aion sub-brand to the Thai market, becoming GAC's first overall model to be marketed in Thailand. Initially at launch, two variant levels were available; 490 Elite (Standard Range model) with the 63.2 kWh battery pack and NEDC range of {{Convert|490|km|mi}}, and 550 Ultra (Long Range model) with the 68.3 kWh battery pack and NEDC range of {{Convert|550|km|mi}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-09 |title=ราคาอย่างเป็นทางการ AION Y Plus : 1,069,900 - 1,299,900 บาท {{!}} วิ่งไกลสุด 480 - 550 km. (NEDC) |url=https://www.headlightmag.com/2023-09-09-official-price-gac-aion-y-plus-standard-range/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=HeadLight Magazine |language=th}}</ref> The 550 Ultra variant was replaced by the 490 Premium (Standard Range model) variant in November 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-29 |title=ราคาอย่างเป็นทางการ AION Y Plus 490 Elite / Premium : 969,900 – 1,099,900 บาท {{!}} เพิ่มรุ่นย่อยใหม่ |url=https://www.headlightmag.com/2023-11-29-official-price-aion-y-plus-490-premium/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=HeadLight Magazine |language=th}}</ref>{{clear}}

==Hycan Z03==

In October 2021, electric vehicle brand [[Hycan]], the GAC and [[Nio Inc.|Nio]] formed [[joint venture]] launched the brand's second product, the Z03.<ref>{{cite web | date = 9 October 2021 | url = https://auto.sina.com.cn/zz/xc/2021-10-09/detail-iktzqtyu0448633.shtml | title = 预售13万起/续航600km 合创Z03将10月18日上市 | work = auto.sina.com.cn | accessdate = 18 October 2021}}</ref>

The Hycan Z03 is an Aion Y with redesigned front/rear ends, interior, and wheels, with dimensions of {{cvt|4,602|mm|in|1}} in length, {{cvt|1,900|mm|in|1}} in width, and {{cvt|1,645|mm|in|1}} in height, and a wheelbase of {{cvt|2,750|mm|in|1}}. Three trim levels are offered ay launch. The electrical motor used within the Chaowan and the Chaozhi trims of the Hycan Z03 can develop as much as {{cvt|135|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}} and {{convert|225|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque, while the Z Chao trim carries an electric motor producing {{convert|160|kW|hp PS|0}} and {{convert|225|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque. The Z03 is cable of NEDC-rated ranges of {{convert|500|and|600|km|mi}} based on two different battery capacities of {{cvt|64.6|and|76.8|kWh}}.<ref>{{cite web | date = 10 October 2021 | url = https://www.onlineev.com/second-model-of-gac-nio-backed-hycan-to-go-on-sale-in-mid-october/| title = Second model of GAC, NIO-backed HYCAN to go on sale in mid-October | work = onlineev.com | accessdate = 18 October 2021}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="120">
File:2022 Hycan Z03 (front).jpg| Hycan Z03 (front)
File:2022 Hycan Z03 (rear).jpg| Hycan Z03 (rear)
</gallery>

{{clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Aion vehicles}}

[[Category:Aion vehicles|Y]]
[[Category:Electric vehicles]]
[[Category:Compact sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 2020]]

Aion V

2024-09-23T05:42:36Z

TimWu007: removed Category:GAC Group using HotCat

{{Infobox automobile
| name = Aion V
| image = 2021 GAC Aion V Plus (front).jpg
| caption = 2021 Aion V Plus
| manufacturer = [[GAC Aion]]
| production = 2020–present
| class = [[Compact crossover SUV]] ([[C-segment|C]])
| body_style = 5-door [[SUV]]
| layout = [[Front-motor, front-wheel-drive]]
| predecessor =
| successor =
}}
The '''Aion V''' is a [[Battery electric vehicle|battery-electric]] [[compact crossover SUV]] produced by [[GAC Aion]]. The first generation was launched in 2020, with a major facelift variant called the Aion V Plus launched in 2021. The second generation was launched in 2024.

{{clear}}

==First generation (2020)==
{{Infobox electric vehicle
| name = First generation
| image = 2021 GAC Aion V Plus front.jpg
| caption = Aion V Plus (2021)
| aka = [[Mitsubishi Airtrek (China)|Mitsubishi Airtrek]] (2021–2023)
| assembly = China: [[Guangzhou]]
| production = 2020–present
| successor =
| designer = Qi Wang
| platform =
| engine =
| motor = {{convert|135|kW|0|abbr=on}} Permanent-magnet synchronous motor
| drivetrain =
| battery = [[Contemporary Amperex Technology|CATL]] [[lithium ion]]
| electric_range = V 60: {{convert|400|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} V 70: {{convert|530|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} V 80 Max: {{convert|600|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|2830|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|4586|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} Aion V Plus: {{convert|4650|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1920|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1728|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} Aion V Plus: {{convert|1720|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight =
| related =
}}

The first generation Aion V was revealed on GAC New Energy's [[WeChat]] account on 14 May 2020, announcing that the model would launch on 16 June 2020. It is Aion's third model after the [[Aion S|S]] and [[Aion LX|LX]] and the brand's second SUV.<ref>{{cite web | date = 14 May 2020 | url = http://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/70017150.html | title = Forthcoming GAC NE's Aion V features all-electric range of up to 600km | work = Gasgoo.com | accessdate = 5 June 2020}}</ref>

=== Specifications ===

The Aion V has four trim levels, V 60, V 70, and V 80 Max, which, according to [[New European Driving Cycle]], have {{cvt|400|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}, {{cvt|530|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}, and {{cvt|600|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} ranges respectively.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://auto.eastmoney.com/a/202009241647576859.html | title = 新平台带来新感受测试广汽新能源埃安V | work = auto.eastmoney.com | accessdate = 24 September 2020}}</ref> The car uses a [[CATL]] [[lithium-ion battery]] and features [[Huawei]] [[5G]] and [[V2X]] communication systems.<ref>{{cite web | date = 27 April 2020 | url = https://www.chinapev.com/autopilot/huaweis-chip-again-gac-aion-v-to-take-5g-v2x-intelligent-communication-system/ | title = Huawei's chip again: GAC Aion V to take 5G + V2X intelligent communication system | work = ChinaPEV.com | accessdate = 5 June 2020}}</ref>

Multiple color-customizable features are available, including a two-tone paint option and color options for the antenna and spoiler.<ref>{{cite web | date = 15 February 2020 | url = https://www.chinapev.com/gac-motor/gacs-new-ev-exposed-the-aion-v-is-another-mid-size-pure-electric-suv/ | title = GAC's New EV Exposed: The AION V is Another mid-size Pure Electric SUV | work = ChinaPEV.com | accessdate = 5 June 2020}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="120">
File:Aion V 2021100501.jpg|Aion V front quarter
File:Aion V 2021100502.jpg|Aion V rear quarter
File:Aion V CRI 03 2022 4812.jpg|Lateral
File:Aion V CRI 03 2022 4817.jpg|Rear

</gallery>

=== Sales ===
{{commons category|GAC Aion V}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Calendar year
!Sales<ref>https://carsalesbase.com/china-gac-aion-v/ GAC Aion V China Auto Sales Figures at CarSalesBase.com - Retrieved 25 May 2021</ref>
!Notes
|-
|2020
|11,173
|Sales start in June
|-
|2021
|4,062*
|*Data as of April 2021
|}

{{clear}}

===Aion V Plus===
The Aion V Plus was unveiled in September 2021 as an upgraded variant based on the Aion V. The Aion V Plus sports redesigned front and rear end styling and interior while featuring ultrafast charging technology with the battery capable to be charged at up to 880 V with a maximum charge power of 480 kW. Prices ranges between 172,600 and 239,600 Chinese Yuan for the Aion V Plus (US$26,775 - US$37,165).<ref>{{cite web | date = 29 September 2021 | url = https://carnewschina.com/2021/09/29/aion-v-plus-is-a-new-chinese-compact-crossover-suv/| title = AION V Plus Is A New Chinese Compact Crossover SUV | work = carnewschina.com | accessdate = 10 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | date = 13 September 2021 | url = https://car.inotgo.com/2021/09/20210913063641978m.html| title = GAC aion V Plus revealed the secret in advance, with a range of more than 700 km | work = car.inotgo.com | accessdate = 10 October 2021}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="120">
File:Aion V Plus IMG001.jpg|Aion V Plus front quarter
File:Aion V Plus IMG002.jpg|Aion V Plus rear quarter

</gallery>

====Design====
The Aion V Plus measures 4,650 mm (182 in) long, 1,920 mm (75 in) wide and 1,720 mm (67 in) tall with 2,830 mm (111 in) between the axles. The front bumper has become simpler, and Aion claims it drew inspiration from Star Wars characters to come up with the new design. For the interior, the digital dashboard and the touch-enabled infotainment system are separate from each other, and the infotainment display measures 15.6 inches in diameter.<ref name="formacar">{{cite web | date = 1 October 2021 | url = https://www.formacar.com/en/news/view/39012.html | title = Aion V Plus breaks cover with a giant display, ultrafast charging | work = formacar.com | accessdate = 10 October 2021}}</ref>

===Powertrain and range===
Power of the Aion V Plus comes from three models of batteries rated from 70 to 95 kilowatt-hours, supporting an NEDC-rated range of 500 and 702 km (310–436 miles). All powertrain variants incorporate two electric motors, while total output ranges from 221 PS (218 hp / 163 kW) in the base spec to 271 PS (267 hp / 200 kW) in the top spec.<ref name="formacar" />

===Rapid-charging battery===
In late September 2021, GAC Aion officially launched a version of the Aion V Plus (previously Aion V) equipped with a battery that charges from 30% to 80% in 10 minutes. That corresponds to a 0-80% charging time of 16 minutes.

The battery capacity is 72.3 kWh, and charging for just 5 minutes adds {{cvt|112|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of range. The manufacturer refers to this version of the battery as SPEED+.

Additionally, a battery version charging about twice as fast, called SPEED++, was also announced. In this case, charging for 5 minutes is expected to provide {{cvt|207|km|mi|abbr=on}} of range. A vehicle using this battery version was demonstrated but has not reached the market so far.

However, such charging speeds require an appropriate charging station. GAC Aion has demonstrated a charging station able to provide 480 kW of power (Aion's A480 supercharger), and announced that a network of such stations will be built in China; as of early October 2021 there is just one such station in Guangzhou.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chejiahao.autohome.com.cn/info/9663144|title = 又一款搭载超充技术的电动车上市，是噱头还是真本事？_车家号_发现车生活_汽车之家}}</ref><ref name="specs">{{cite web | url=https://www.gacne.com.cn/vehicle/config/table?cid=aion_v_plus | title=广汽埃安 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://insideevs.com/news/526536/gac-aionv-ultra-fast-charging/|title = GAC Aion V Can Charge 0-80% in 8 Minutes at Almost 500 kW}}</ref>

The manufacturer says the Aion V is its first model to utilize "super multiplier battery technology". According to GAC Aion, the Aion V Plus is powered by the company's magazine battery, which is non-flammable in pinprick tests. The battery has a high life span and is capable of maintaining 95 percent capacity even after 1,600 cycles.<ref>{{cite web | date = 17 September 2021 | url = https://cnevpost.com/2021/09/17/gac-aion-to-officially-launch-aion-v-plus-first-model-to-support-its-ultrafast-charging-tech-on-sept-29/ | title = GAC Aion to officially launch Aion V Plus, first model to support its ultrafast charging tech, on Sept 29 | work = cnevpost.com | accessdate = 10 October 2021}}</ref>

{{clear}}

==Second generation (2024)==
{{Infobox electric vehicle
| name = Second generation
| image = Aion V II 001.jpg
| caption = 2024 Aion V
| aka =
| assembly = China: [[Guangzhou]]
| production = 2024–present
| successor =
| designer =
| platform = AEP
| related = [[Toyota bZ3X]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=第二代广汽埃安AION V，跟丰田bZ3X有... 来自坂道 |url=https://weibo.com/3860177855/ObuKYqL2A?type=repost |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=Weibo.com}}</ref>
| engine =
| motor = {{convert|150|–|165|kW|0|abbr=on}} Permanent-magnet synchronous motor
| drivetrain =
| battery = 62.26–90.2 kWh [[Contemporary Amperex Technology|CATL]] [[lithium iron phosphate battery|LFP]] Magazine Battery 2.0
| electric_range = Maximum {{convert|750|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|2775|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|4605|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width =
| height =
| weight =
}}
[[File:Aion V II 002.jpg|thumb|left|Rear view]]
The second-generation Aion V debuted at the 2024 Beijing Auto Show and sales were planned to be launched in July 2024. The model was designed as a global model with plans to expand overseas.

The second generation Aion V rides on the new GAC self-developed AEP pure electric digital platform that features the first fully liquid-cooled electric drive and an AI cockpit using the ADiGO Sense AI model and ADiGO Pilot intelligent driving system powered by an Orin X chip and a Lidar unit with 5 millimeter wavelength radars and cameras.<ref>{{cite web | date = 26 April 2024 | url = https://carnewschina.com/2024/04/26/gac-debuts-global-2nd-gen-aion-v-at-beijing-show/| title = GAC debuts global 2nd Gen Aion V at Beijing Show| work = carnewschina.com| accessdate = 29 April 2024}}</ref>

{{clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Aion vehicles}}

[[Category:Aion vehicles|V]]
[[Category:Electric vehicles]]
[[Category:Compact sport utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 2020]]
[[Category:Production electric cars]]