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Sahitya Kala Parishad

2024-10-14T17:47:32Z

Tiwaribharat:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Sahitya Kala Parishad
| formation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1975|07|31}}
| logo = Sahitya Kala Parishad.png
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
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| caption =
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| abbreviation =
| type = [[Governmental organization|Governmental]]
| status = 
| purpose = 
| headquarters = Satsang Vihar Marg, Qutab Institutional Area, New [[Delhi]]
| coords = 
| membership =
| language =
| leader_title = President
| leader_name =
| main_organ = 
| publication =
| parent_organisation = [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]], [[Government of India]]
| affiliations = 
| budget =
| website = {{url|https://skpdelhi.in/}}
| remarks =
| image_border =
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| extinction = 
| location = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| region_served = [[India]]
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}}'''Sahitya Kala Parishad''' (साहित्य कला परिषद) (Academy of Performing and Fine Arts) is the Cultural wing of the Govt. of [[National Capital Territory of Delhi]] (NCT) of [[Delhi]] for music, dance, drama & [[Fine art|fine arts]], established in 1968, under the 'Department Of Art, Culture And Language'. It was registered under the Society's Registration Act, 1860 on 31 July 1975.<ref>[http://artandculture.delhigovt.nic.in/sahitya%5Cdefault.html Sahitya Kala Parishad] Department of art and culture, Govt. of Delhi.</ref>

It works towards fostering, visual arts and inculcate artistic awareness within the NCT of Delhi. As a norm, the [[Chief Minister of Delhi]], remains the Chairperson of the Sahitya Kala Parishad. After, the establishment of Language Academies, like the [[Sahitya Akademi]], its focus has been mainly on performing and visual arts.<ref>[http://artandculture.delhigovt.nic.in/sahitya%5Cdefault.html Sahitya Kala Parishad]</ref> It has also set up two 'District Cultural Centres', one at [[Janakpuri]] and other in [[Vikaspuri]] (Bodella Village) in [[Delhi]], the latter set up in collaboration with [[Delhi Public Library]] has two auditoriums.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/a-cultural-centre-for-every-district-says-sheila/article18467399.ece | title=A cultural centre for every district, says Sheila | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | date=1 October 2006 | accessdate=10 August 2018 }}</ref>

==Location==
18-A, Satsang Vihar Marg, Spl. Institutional Area New Delhi-110067

==Activities==

===Language Academies===
The Parishad has over the year established several language academies to promote literature in diverse languages of the state, with the most recent academy, the Maithili- Bhojpuri Academy established on 7 January 2008.

* [[Hindi]] Academy (since 1981)
* [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] Academy (since 1981)
* [[Sanskrit]] Academy (since 1987)
* [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] Academy (since 1994)
* [[Urdu]] Academy (since 1981)<ref>[http://www.sarkaritel.com/states/delhi/acd.htm Language Academies of Govt. of NCT of Delhi] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222120547/http://www.sarkaritel.com/states/delhi/acd.htm |date=2008-12-22 }}</ref>
* [[Maithili language|Maithili]]-[[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] Academy (since 2008)

===Awards===
Each year, the Parishad gives Awards for excellence in the field of Performing and Visual Arts, as well as Literature:
* ''Parishad Samman'' (Sahitya Kala Parishad Samman)
* ''Mohan Rakesh Samman''<ref>[http://artandculture.delhigovt.nic.in/sahitya/scheme.html Schemes] Official website.</ref>

===Scholarships===
Each year, Sahitya Kala Parishad awards, two-year Scholarships for Advance Training in Music

===Festival===

====Theatre====
* Bhartendu Natya Utsav
* Nakhat Utsav

====Music and Dance====
* Children Jhankar Utsav
* Indraprastha Sangeet Samaroh
* Uday Shankar Nritya Samaroh
* Baisakhi Festival
* Qutub Festival

====Fine Arts====
* Annual Art Exhibition
* Sponsored Art Exhibition
* Exhibition of children's work
* Artists Camp<ref>[http://artandculture.delhigovt.nic.in/sahitya/activity.html Activities]</ref>

===Films===
* Asian Film Festival, Films from across Asia, are screened at different venues in New Delhi.

== See also ==
* [[Manipuri Sahitya Parishad]]
* [[Sahitya Akademi]]
==References==

<references/>

==External links==
* [http://artandculture.delhigovt.nic.in/sahitya/index.htm ''Sahitya Kala Parishad'' Homepage]
* [http://artandculture.delhigovt.nic.in/homepage.html Department Of Art, Culture And Language, Govt. of NCT of Delhi]
* [http://www.rkfma.com ''R K Films & Media Academy, New Delhi - Training School of Acting & Performing Arts'' Homepage]
* [https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/academy-of-fine-arts-and-literature Academy of Fine Arts and Literature New Delhi at Google Cultural Institute]

[[Category:State agencies of Delhi]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Delhi]]
[[Category:Indic literature societies]]
[[Category:Culture of Delhi]]
[[Category:Arts organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Arts councils]]
[[Category:Performing arts in India]]
[[Category:Arts organizations established in 1968]]

Mukul Shivputra

2023-04-25T08:29:54Z

Tiwaribharat: Added a photo taken by me

{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Mukul Shivputra
| image =
[[File:Mukul Shivputra Photo Bharat Tiwari.jpg|thumb|Mukul Shivputra performs at Kamani auditorium, Photo: Bharat Tiwari]]
| caption =
| birth_name = Mukul Shivputra Komkalimath
| Also known as =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1956|3|25}}
| death_date =
| origin = [[Dewas]], [[Indore]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
| instrument = [[Vocal]]
| genre = [[Khayal]], [[Bhajans]], [[Thumris]]
| occupation = [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani Classical vocalist]]
| years_active = 1975–present
| label =
| associated_acts =
| website = https://www.gandharvasabha.com/
}}
'''Pandit Mukul Shivputra''' (born 25 March 1956) (previously known as '''Mukul Komkalimath''') is a [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani Classical]] [[vocalist]] of the [[Gwalior Gharana]] and the son and foremost disciple of [[Kumar Gandharva|Pt. Kumar Gandharva]].<ref>{{cite web | title = The forgotten Gandharva putra |work= Daily News & Analysis | url = http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-the-forgotten-gandharva-putra-1974419|author=Saumit Singh |date=2 April 2014| accessdate = 2015-10-12 }}</ref>

==Early life and training==
Born in [[Bhopal]] to Bhanumati Kouns and Kumar Gandharva, Mukul took to musical training early on from his father. He continued his musical education in [[Dhrupad]] and [[Dhamar (music)|Dhamar]] with [[K. G. Ginde]] and in [[Carnatic Music]] with [[M. D. Ramanathan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiansarts.com/MukulShivputrapage.htm|title=Mukul Shivputra|work=indiansarts.com}}</ref>

==Performing career==
Since his teens, Pt. Shivputra regularly accompanied his father on [[Tanpura (instrument)|Tanpura]] for vocal support. In 1975, Pt. Shivputra, then known as "Mukul Komkalimath," debuted his first performance at the [[Sawai Gandharva Sangeet Mahotsav|23rd Sawai Gandharva Music Festival]] being the first in his generation of singers to debut a performance at the prestigious venue.

==Personal life==
Mukul lost his wife after the birth of their son, Bhuvanesh Komkali, who is also a vocalist. He currently lives in Pune.

He conducts workshops to identify young talent and plans to set up his own music school<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/interview-music-is-my-soul-my-universe-pandit-mukul-shivputra-2194464|title=Music is my soul, my universe - Pandit Mukul Shivputra|author=Jayadev Calamur|work=DNA news|date=27 March 2016|accessdate=21 November 2019}}</ref>

==Articles on Performances==
* Bharat Natya Mandir, Pune 20 July 2012 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mandarkaranjkar.com/pt-mukul-shivputra-and-laughing-kumar-gandharva/|title=Pt. Mukul Shivputra and Laughing Kumar Gandharva|work=mandar karanjkar}}</ref>
* Vriddha Anand Ashram, Akurdi near Pune, 17 August 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mandarkaranjkar.com/pt-mukul-shivputra-maestro-on-the-peak|title=Pt. Mukul Shivputra : Maestro on the peak|work=mandar karanjkar}}</ref>
* Pune, 10 March 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mandarkaranjkar.com/pt-mukul-shivputra-the-grace-continues|title=Pt. Mukul Shivputra- The grace continues|work=mandar karanjkar}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shivputra, Mukul}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Hindustani singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male classical singers]]
[[Category:People from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Gwalior gharana]]
[[Category:People from Dewas]]
[[Category:People from Dewas district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male classical singers]]

{{India-singer-stub}}

Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh

2022-05-21T05:44:23Z

Tiwaribharat:

{{Short description|Urdu-speaking group of predominantly ethnic Biharis awaiting repatriation to Pakistan}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=October 2016}}
{{Weasel|date=June 2021}}
}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{infobox ethnic group|
| group = Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh {{lang|bn|আটকে পড়া পাকিস্তানি}}
| population = 500,000–1,000,000<ref name=BBC/><ref name="Express Tribune"/><ref name=Tribune/>
| regions = [[Bangladesh]]
| religions = [[Islam]]
| languages = [[Urdu]]{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}, [[Bihari languages]]{{citation needed|date=January 2020}} and [[Bengali language|Bengali]]{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}
| related_groups = Other [[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]]
| native_name = {{Nastaliq|محصور پاکستانی}}
| native_name_lang = ur
}}
{{Islam in Bangladesh}}
'''Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|محصور پاکستانی}}}}, {{lang-bn|আটকে পড়া পাকিস্তানি|āṭkē pôṛā pākistāni}}) are [[Urdu-speaking people|Urdu-speaking]] Muslim migrants with homelands in present-day [[Bihar]] (then part of [[British India]]) who settled in [[East Pakistan]] (now [[Bangladesh]]) following the [[partition of India]] in 1947.<ref>{{cite news |title=Stranded Pakistanis Dreaming of Deliverance |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/13/world/stranded-pakistanis-dreaming-of-deliverance.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=13 May 2000 |access-date=26 April 2015}}</ref><ref name=BBC1>{{cite news |title=Vote for 'stranded Pakistanis' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3003949.stm |work=BBC News |date=6 May 2003 |access-date=26 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="The Guardian">{{cite news |title='Stranded Pakistanis' living in camps in Bangladesh – in pictures |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/gallery/2014/aug/11/stranded-pakistanis-camps-bangladesh-bihari-in-pictures |newspaper=The Guardian |date=11 August 2014 |access-date=26 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=SC rejects plea for repatriation of stranded Pakistanis |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1173194/sc-rejects-plea-for-repatriation-of-stranded-pakistanis |newspaper=Dawn |date=1 April 2015 |access-date=26 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="Express Tribune">{{cite news |title=SC rejects plea regarding repatriation of stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/861834/sc-rejects-plea-regarding-repatriation-of-stranded-pakistanis-in-bangladesh/ |newspaper=The Express Tribune |date=31 March 2015 |access-date=26 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Repatriation of stranded Pakistanis |url=http://www.daily-sun.com/print/editorial/2015/02/22/489052 |newspaper=Daily Sun |location=Dhaka |date=22 February 2015 |access-date=26 April 2015}}</ref>

This identification can encompass several groups of people. The first among them are [[Bihari Muslims]]. Although most of this population belonged to the [[Bihar Province]] of British India, there are many from other Indian states such as U.P. (United Provinces or later [[Uttar Pradesh]]). There are still others who had settled in what is now known as Bangladesh in the late 19th century. The second term of reference for this group coined by themselves after the creation of Bangladesh is "Stranded Pakistanis". In Urdu media in Pakistan and elsewhere this was translated as "Mehsooreen" or the "Besieged". {{citation needed|date=November 2017}} Henceforth any of the above terms may be used to identify this group depending on the context and history.

Biharis were [[Statelessness|stateless]] until 2008 when a judgment by the [[High Court Division|Dhaka High Court]] gave them right to Bangladeshi citizenship. The judgment does not cover refugees who were adults at the time of [[Bangladesh Liberation War]].<ref name=BBC>{{cite news |title=Citizenship for Bihari refugees |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7407757.stm |work=BBC News |date=19 May 2008 |access-date=26 April 2015}}</ref>
In March 2015, the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pakistan]] said that more than 170,000 Biharis had been repatriated to Pakistan and the remaining 'stranded Pakistanis' are not its responsibility but rather the responsibility of Bangladesh.<ref name=Tribune>{{cite news |title=Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh not Pakistan's responsibility, FO tells SC |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/861364/stranded-pakistanis-in-bangladesh-not-pakistans-responsibility-fo-tells-sc/ |newspaper=The Express Tribune |date=30 March 2015 |access-date=26 April 2015}}</ref>

==Partition==
In pre-independence [[British India]], there was an [[Urdu]]-speaking Muslim minority in the Hindu majority state of [[Bihar]].<ref>[http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/article/detail/8245 Bangladesh: Stateless Biharis Grasp for a Resolution and Their Rights - Refugees international] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321134045/http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/article/detail/8245 |date=21 March 2007 }}</ref> In 1947, at the time of [[partition of India]], many Bihari Muslims, many of whom were fleeing the violence that took place during partition, fled to the newly independent [[East Pakistan]], while others went to [[West Pakistan]] where they are commonly known as [[Muhajir (Urdu-speaking people)|Muhajirs]]. They held a disproportionate number of positions in the new country because Urdu was made the national language of the new state and as such was, for many Biharis, their mother tongue.<ref name="Express Tribune" />

==Independence of Bangladesh==
In 1971, when the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] broke out between East and [[West Pakistan]], the Biharis sided with West Pakistan, opposed the Bengali demand of making Bengali an official language, and chose to maintain Urdu as the state language as for many Bihari, it was their mother tongue. With covert and later overt Indian support, East Pakistan became the independent state of [[Bangladesh]]. During the war, there were many attacks on the Bihari community as they were seen as symbols of West Pakistani domination.<ref>[http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=77103 Chronology for Biharis in Bangladesh - Minorities at Risk, University of Maryland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602055513/http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=77103 |date=2 June 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/12/22/archives/bengalis-hunt-down-biharis-who-aided-foe.html |title=Bengalis Hunt Down Biharis, Who Aided Foe |last=Rangan |first=Kasturi |date=22 December 1971 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2 February 2018}}</ref> These attacks included rape, murder and looting.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Untold Stories of the Independence War in Bangladesh |url=https://jacobinmag.com/2021/04/independence-war-bangladesh-pakistan-india |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=jacobinmag.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Engr Imtiaz Alam |date=2019-12-15 |title=HISTORY: THE FALL OF DHAKA FROM BIHARI EYES |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1522385 |access-date=2022-03-20 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>

==Refugee crisis==
Due to their initial pro-Pakistan stance, the Biharis were consistent in their wish to be repatriated to Pakistan. Initially, 83,000 Biharis (58,000 former civil servants and military personnel), members of divided families and 25,000 hardship cases were evacuated to Pakistan. The remaining Biharis were now left behind as the Pakistani army and Pakistani civilians evacuated, and they found themselves unwelcome in both countries. The Pakistani government, at the time, was "struggling to accommodate thousands of Afghan refugees".<ref name="BBC2002"/> Additionally, the Pakistani government believed that since Bangladesh was still the successor state of East Pakistan, it had to fulfil its duty in absorbing these refugees just as (West) Pakistan did with the many millions of refugees (incidentally, including some [[Bengalis]]) who fled to West Pakistan. Some groups in Pakistan have urged the Pakistan government to accept the Biharis.<ref>[http://www.arabnews.com/?page=4&section=0&article=75378&d=28&m=12&y=2005&pix=world.jpg&category=World PRC Wants Urgent Steps for Biharis’ Repatriation - Arab News]</ref><ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2004/02/08/nat6.htm MQM demands issuance of CNICs to Biharis-2004 : Dawn]</ref>

In an agreement in 1974 Pakistan accepted 170,000 Bihari refugees; however, the repatriation process subsequently stalled.<ref>[http://www.safhr.org/refugee_watch18_4.htm Bangladesh State and the Refugee Phenomenon : South Asian forum for Human Rights - The Bihari Refugees]</ref>

Post-independence Bangladesh scorned the Biharis for supporting the Pakistan Army. With neither country offering citizenship, the Biharis were stateless. Organisations like [[Refugees International]] urged the governments of Pakistan and Bangladesh to "grant citizenship to the hundreds of thousands of people who remain without effective nationality".<ref>[http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/publication/detail/7828/ Citizens of Nowhere: The Stateless Biharis of Bangladesh - Refugees International 2006 report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614045741/http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/publication/detail/7828/ |date=14 June 2007 }}</ref>

In 2006 a report estimated between 240,000 and 300,000 Biharis lived in 66 crowded camps in [[Dhaka]] and 13 other regions across Bangladesh.<ref>Refugees International (see below)</ref> In 2003, a case came before a high court in which ten Biharis were awarded citizenship according to the court's interpretation of the constitution. Subsequently, however, little progress was made in expanding that ruling to others. Many Pakistanis and international observers believe the plight of the Biharis has been politicized with political parties giving the refugees false hopes and impracticable expectations. In recent years, several court rulings in Bangladesh have awarded citizenship to Biharis living in Bengali refugee camps, as the majority of these refugees were born there. International observers believe that Bangladesh, as the successor state needs to fulfil its international obligations and grant citizenship to this ''officially stateless'' ethnic group or arrange for the peaceful repatriation to their native state of Bihar, over the border in India from where they originally hail from.

In a visit to Bangladesh in 2002 Pakistani president [[Pervez Musharraf]] said while he had every sympathy for the plight of thousands of people in Bangladesh known as 'stranded Pakistanis', he could not allow them to emigrate to Pakistan as Pakistan was in no position to absorb such a large number of refugees.<ref name="BBC2002">{{cite news |title=Musharraf wraps up Bangladesh visit |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/2163374.stm |access-date=16 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040504181328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/2163374.stm |archive-date=4 May 2004 |date=31 July 2002 |quote=The president said while he had every sympathy for the plight of thousands of people in Bangladesh known as 'stranded Pakistanis', he could not allow them to emigrate to Pakistan. The president said he would do everything possible to resolve the issue, but at the moment, Pakistan is still struggling to accommodate thousands of Afghan refugees.}}</ref> He encouraged his Bengali counterpart not to politicize the issue and accept the refugees as citizens being the successor state of East Pakistan. Pakistani government officials have threatened to deport the more than 1.5 million illegal Bengali refugees living in its country if the issue is not resolved acceptably.<ref name="BBC2002" />

==Bangladeshi citizenship==
In May 2003 a High Court ruling in Bangladesh allowed ten Biharis to obtain citizenship and voting rights;<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3003949.stm Vote for 'stranded Pakistanis' - BBC News 6 May 2003]</ref> the ruling also exposed a generation gap amongst Biharis, with younger Biharis tending to be "elated" with the ruling but with many older people "despair[ing] at the enthusiasm" of the younger generation.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/2941974.stm Mixed feelings over Bihari ruling - BBC News 28 May 2003]</ref> Many Biharis now seek greater civil rights and citizenship in Bangladesh.<ref>[http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/article/detail/8245 Bangladesh: Stateless Biharis Grasp for a Resolution and Their Rights -Refugees International] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321134045/http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/article/detail/8245 |date=21 March 2007 }}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
* ''Of Martyrs and Marigolds'', a novel by Aquila Ismail, highlights the atrocities committed by [[Mukti Bahini|Bengali nationalists]] against [[Biharis]] during the Bangladesh Liberation War.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Zehra |first1=Batool |title=The other side of history |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/340653/the-other-side-of-history/ |newspaper=The Express Tribune |date=26 February 2012 |access-date=30 December 2015}}</ref>
* In 2007, prominent Bangladeshi filmmaker [[Tanvir Mokammel]] made a documentary film titled ''[[Swapnabhumi|The Promised Land]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title="The Promised Land": Tanvir Mokammel's moving documentary on Biharis |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-13583 |access-date=29 April 2019 |work=The Daily Star |date=30 November 2007}}</ref> The film highlights the current stateless status of Biharis and their despair of not being able to settle in Pakistan., which they see as a betrayal of Pak government.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Swapnabhumi |url=https://www.idfa.nl/industry/tags/project.aspx?id=eeca2322-0efb-435c-9797-ccfb24898de2 |website=The International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam |access-date=17 December 2015}}</ref>
* [[Salman Rushdie|Salman]] [[Salman Rushdie|Rushdie's]] acclaimed fiction novel [[Midnight's Children|Midnight Children]] details the atrocities of the Bangladesh Liberation War and Genocide, specifically in the beginning of Book 3; his protagonist [[Saleem Sinai]] takes a farcical part in [[Operation Searchlight|Operation]] [[Operation Searchlight|Searchlight]] as a human bloodhound.

==See also==
* [[Bangladesh–Pakistan relations]]
* [[Persecution of Biharis in Bangladesh]]
* [[Bengalis in Pakistan]]
* [[1971 Bangladesh genocide]]
* [[Dhakaia Urdu]]
* ''[[Swapnabhumi]]'' (2007)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.statelesspeopleinbangladesh.net/home.php Stateless people In Bangladesh]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4E0FUhDReQo The Forgotten People: Bihari Refugees of Bangladesh, UCANews]
* [https://www.shabdankan.com/2022/05/hindi-story-on-stranded-pakistanis-by-madhu-kankaria.html Hindi Story on Stranded Pakistanis by Madhu Kankaria, Shabdankan]
{{Immigration to Bangladesh}}
{{Bangladesh Liberation War}}
{{Bangladesh–Pakistan relations}}

[[Category:Bangladesh Liberation War]]
[[Category:Bangladesh–Pakistan relations]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi people of Pakistani descent| ]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Immigration to Pakistan]]
[[Category:Muhajir communities]]
[[Category:Muhajir history]]
[[Category:Pakistani diaspora in Asia]]
[[Category:Pakistani social culture]]
[[Category:Refugees in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Social groups of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Statelessness]]
[[Category:Urdu-speaking Bangladeshi]]
[[Category:Urdu-speaking people by occupation]]
[[Category:Urdu-speaking countries and territories]]

Shashi Tharoor

2022-03-08T17:20:37Z

Tiwaribharat: Updated his photograph

{{short description|Indian politician, diplomat and author}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Shashi Tharoor
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Dr Shashi tharoor Photo Bharat Tiwari 1331.jpg
| caption = Tharoor during the launch of his book 'Pride, Prejudice and Punditry: The Essential Shashi Tharoor'
| office4 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency4 = [[Thiruvananthapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thiruvananthapuram]]
| term_start4 = 31 May 2009
| term_end4 =
| predecessor4 = [[Pannyan Raveendran]]
| successor4 =
| office2 = [[Ministry of Human Resource Development|Minister of State for Human Resource Development]]
| primeminister2 = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| minister2=[[Kapil Sibal]] [[M. M. Pallam Raju]]
| term_start2 = 28 October 2012
| term_end2 = 26 May 2014
| predecessor2 = [[Daggubati Purandeswari]]
| successor2 = [[Upendra Kushwaha]]
| office3 = [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of State for External Affairs]]
| primeminister3 = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| minister3=[[S. M. Krishna]]
| term_start3 = 28 May 2009
| term_end3 = 18 April 2010
| predecessor3 = [[Anand Sharma]]
| successor3 = [[E. Ahamed]]
| office5 = [[United Nations Department of Global Communications|United Nations Under Secretary General for Communications and Public Information]]
| 1blankname5 = {{nowrap|Secretary General}}
| 1namedata5 = [[Kofi Annan]]
| term_start5 = 1 June 2002
| term_end5 = 9 February 2007
| predecessor5 = Position established
| successor5 = [[Kiyotaka Akasaka]]
| office = [[List of Indian parliamentary committees|Chairman of the Standing Committee on Information Technology]]
| term_start = 13 September 2019
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Anurag Thakur]]
| successor =
| office6 = Chairman of the [[All India Professionals Congress]]
| term_start6 = 1 August 2017
| term_end6 =
| predecessor6 = ''Position established''
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|3|9|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[London]], England
| nationality = Indian
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = {{Unbulleted_list|{{Marriage| Tilottama Mukherji |1981||end=divorced}}|{{Marriage|Christa Giles |2007|2010|end=divorced}}|{{Marriage|[[Sunanda Pushkar]]|2010|2014|end=died}}}}
| children = 2
| education = [[St. Xavier's Collegiate School]]
| alma_mater = [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) [[Tufts University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]], [[Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy|MALD]], [[PhD]])
| profession = {{hlist|Writer|Diplomat|Politician}}
| website = {{url|shashitharoor.in|Official website}}
}}
'''Shashi Tharoor''' ({{IPA-ml|ʃɐʃi t̪ɐɾuːr|IPA}}; {{Respell|shuh|SHEE}} {{Respell|thǝ|ROOR}}; born 9 March 1956) is an Indian former international diplomat, politician, writer and public intellectual who has been serving as [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]] from [[Thiruvananthapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], since 2009. He was formerly [[Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations|Under-Secretary General of the United Nations]] and ran for the post of [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|Secretary-General]] in 2006.

He also serves as Chairman of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Information Technology<ref name="Tharoor IT">{{cite news |title=Govt forms IT Standing Committee, names Shashi Tharoor as chairperson |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/govt-forms-it-standing-committee-names-shashi-tharoor-as-chairperson-119091400680_1.html |work=[[Business Standard]] |access-date=16 September 2019 |date=14 September 2019 |last1=Alawadhi |first1=Neha |archive-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920225722/https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/govt-forms-it-standing-committee-names-shashi-tharoor-as-chairperson-119091400680_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[All India Professionals Congress]].<ref name="AIPC INC">{{cite web |url=https://www.professionalscongress.com/ |title=All India Professionals Congress – Indian National Congress |work=[[Indian National Congress]] |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=13 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913135609/https://www.professionalscongress.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> He formerly served as Chairman of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on External Affairs (2014 to 2019). In 2019, Shashi Tharoor received the [[Sahitya Academy Award]] for his book [[An Era of Darkness]] in a non-fiction category in English language.<ref name="Lok Sabha">{{cite web |url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Committee/CommitteeInformation.aspx?comm_code=11&tab=1 |title=Departmentally Related Standing Committees for External Affairs – Lok Sabha |work=[[Lok Sabha]] |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=29 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829055719/http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Committee/CommitteeInformation.aspx?comm_code=11&tab=1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Rajya Sabha">{{cite web |url=http://164.100.47.5/webcom/typewise.aspx?type=DRSCLS |title=Department Related Parliamentary Standing Committees (LS) |work=[[Rajya Sabha]] |access-date=24 March 2016 |archive-date=28 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328003331/http://164.100.47.5/webcom/typewise.aspx?type=DRSCLS |url-status=live }}</ref>

Born in [[London]], [[UK]], and raised in [[India]], he worked across the world, Tharoor graduated from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]] in 1975 and culminated his studies in 1978 with a doctorate in International Relations and Affairs from the [[Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy]], [[Tufts University]]. At the age of 22, he was the youngest person at the time to receive such an honour from the Fletcher School. From 1978 to 2007, Tharoor was a career official at the United Nations, rising to the rank of [[Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations|Under-Secretary General]] for Communications and Public Information in 2001. He announced his retirement after finishing second in the [[2006 United Nations Secretary-General selection|2006 selection for U.N. Secretary-General]] to [[Ban Ki-moon]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/shashi-tharoor-candidate-for-united-nations/1/180465.html |title=UN top job: Why India's candidate Shashi Tharoor had to drop out of the race |first=Saurabh |last=Shukla |date=16 October 2006 |newspaper=[[India Today]] |access-date=16 January 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082928/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/shashi-tharoor-candidate-for-united-nations/1/180465.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2009, Tharoor began his political career by joining the [[Indian National Congress]] and successfully represented the party from [[Thiruvananthapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]] by winning in the Lok Sabha elections and becoming a [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|member of parliament]]. During the Congress-led [[UPA Government]] rule (2004–2014), Tharoor served as Minister of State for External Affairs<ref name="pib.nic.in">{{cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=88790 |title=Dr Shashi Tharoor takes Charge in Ministry of Human Resource Development, says Education can Channelise Youth Energy |date=2 November 2012 |work=Press Information Bureau |access-date=16 January 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054427/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=88790 |url-status=live }}</ref> (2009–2010) and Minister of Human Resource Development (2012–2014).<ref name="pib.nic.in"/>

Tharoor has authored 23 works of fiction and non-fiction since 1981, which are centred on India and its history, culture, film, politics, society, foreign policy, and more related themes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/not-as-catchy-as-webaqoof-but-29-letter-long-shashi-tharoors-new-word-is-floccinaucinihilipilificati-1929980|title=The 29-Letter Word That Shashi Tharoor Used To Announce His Book on PM|website=NDTV.com|access-date=3 November 2018|archive-date=4 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104050322/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/not-as-catchy-as-webaqoof-but-29-letter-long-shashi-tharoors-new-word-is-floccinaucinihilipilificati-1929980|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/books/hindi-not-our-natural-national-language-shashi-tharoor-in-the-paradoxical-prime-minister/cid/1672987|title=Hindi not our natural, national language: Shashi Tharoor in The Paradoxical Prime Minister|website=The Telegraph|location=Kolkota|access-date=3 November 2018|archive-date=4 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104050123/https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/books/hindi-not-our-natural-national-language-shashi-tharoor-in-the-paradoxical-prime-minister/cid/1672987|url-status=live}}</ref> He is also the author of hundreds of columns and articles in publications such as ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''[[The Washington Post]]'', ''[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]'', ''[[Newsweek]]'', and ''[[The Times of India]]''. He was a contributing editor for ''[[Newsweek International]]'' for two years. From 2010 to 2012, he wrote a column in ''[[The Asian Age]]'', ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' and, for most of 2012, until his appointment as Minister, a column in ''[[Mail Today]]''; he also writes an internationally syndicated monthly column for ''[[Project Syndicate]]''. He also wrote regular columns for ''[[The Indian Express]]'' (1991–93 and 1996–2001), ''[[The Hindu]]'' (2001–2008), and ''[[The Times of India]]'' (2007–2009).

==Early life and education==
Shashi Tharoor was born on 9 March 1956<ref>{{Cite web|title='Am touched by your thoughtfulness': Shashi Tharoor thanks PM Modi for birthday wishes in Malayalam|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/am-touched-by-your-thoughtfulness-shashi-tharoor-thanks-pm-modi-for-birthday-wishes-in-malayalam|access-date=29 March 2021|website=www.freepressjournal.in|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514020105/https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/am-touched-by-your-thoughtfulness-shashi-tharoor-thanks-pm-modi-for-birthday-wishes-in-malayalam|url-status=live}}</ref> in [[London]], [[United Kingdom]] to Chandran Tharoor and Sulekha Menon, a [[Malayali]] couple from [[Palakkad]], [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/shashi-tharoor/caste-wont-disappear-india_b_6257354.html |work=[[HuffPost]] |title=Why Caste Won't Disappear From India |date=8 December 2014 |access-date=15 August 2015 |archive-date=26 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726183804/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/shashi-tharoor/caste-wont-disappear-india_b_6257354.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Tharoor has two younger sisters, Shobha and Smitha.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 October 2021|title=Used to bully them when we were younger but now...: Shashi Tharoor on his equation with his sisters|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/congress-mp-shashi-tharoor-younger-sisters-smita-shobha-1863066-2021-10-10|access-date=29 November 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> His father, originally from Kerala, worked in various positions in London, [[Bombay]], [[Calcutta]] and [[Delhi]], including a 25-year career (culminating as group advertising manager) for ''[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]''. His paternal uncle was Tharoor Parameshwaran, the founder of ''[[Reader's Digest]]'' in India. Tharoor's parents returned to India when he was 2-years old, where he joined the [[Montfort School, Yercaud]], in 1962, subsequently moving to [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai) and studying at the [[Campion School, Mumbai|Campion School]] (1963–68).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.excampionites.com/members-details/?ID=1328 |title=Shashi Tharoor |work=Old Campionite's Association |year=2016 |access-date=16 January 2016 |archive-date=1 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201052710/http://www.excampionites.com/members-details/?ID=1328 |url-status=live }}</ref> He spent his high school years at [[St. Xavier's Collegiate School]] in Kolkata (1969–71). Shashi's paternal grandfather was Chippukutty Nair.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Chandran-Tharoor/6000000003135182048|title=Chandran Tharoor (1929 - 1993) - Genealogy|access-date=18 April 2021|archive-date=18 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418164635/https://www.geni.com/people/Chandran-Tharoor/6000000003135182048|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1975, Tharoor graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in history from [[St Stephen's College, Delhi|St Stephen's College, University of Delhi]], where he had been president of the student union and also founded the St. Stephen's Quiz Club.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=India TV News|date=10 September 2015|title=10 politicians who graduated from Delhi University|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/10-politicians-graduated-from-university-of-delhi-32279.html|access-date=29 November 2021|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en|archive-date=29 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129060855/https://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/10-politicians-graduated-from-university-of-delhi-32279.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Within the same year, Tharoor went to the United States to obtain an [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] in International Relations at [[The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy]], [[Tufts University]] in [[Medford, Massachusetts|Medford]]. After obtaining his M.A. in 1976, Tharoor further obtained his [[Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy]] in 1977 and his Ph.D. in International Relations and Affairs in 1978.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tuftsalumni.org/who-we-are/alumni-recognition/tufts-notables/public-service-education-5/#tharoor |title=Public Service and Education, S – T |work=Tufts Alumni |access-date=16 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123221752/http://tuftsalumni.org/who-we-are/alumni-recognition/tufts-notables/public-service-education-5/#tharoor |archive-date=23 January 2016 }}</ref> While he was pursuing his doctorate, Tharoor was awarded the Robert B. Stewart Prize for best student and was also the first editor of the Fletcher Forum of International Affairs.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 March 2016|title=Shashi Tharoor turns 60: Some lesser-known facts you shouldn't overlook|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/shashi-tharoor-312409-2016-03-09|access-date=29 November 2021|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=28 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428101503/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/shashi-tharoor-312409-2016-03-09|url-status=live}}</ref> At the age of 22, he was the youngest person to receive a doctorate in the history of the Fletcher School.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shashi Tharoor's controversial political stint {{!}} India News |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Shashi-Tharoors-controversial-political-stint/articleshow/5829403.cms |access-date=3 July 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=18 April 2010 |archive-date=12 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712125121/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Shashi-Tharoors-controversial-political-stint/articleshow/5829403.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Diplomatic career==
===Beginning===
Tharoor's career in the United Nations began in 1978 as a staff member of the [[UN High Commissioner for Refugees]] (UNHCR) in [[Geneva]]. From 1981 until 1984 he was head of the UNHCR office in Singapore, during the [[boat people]] crisis, leading the organisation's rescue efforts at sea and succeeding in resettling a backlog of Vietnamese refugees. He also processed Polish and Acehnese refugee cases.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/events/women/iwd/2003/tharoor.html |title=Shashi Tharoor |publisher=United Nations |access-date=16 January 2016 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222152908/http://www.un.org/events/women/iwd/2003/tharoor.html |url-status=live }}</ref> After a further stint at the UNHCR headquarters in Geneva, during which he became the first chairman of the staff elected by UNHCR personnel worldwide, Tharoor left UNHCR. In 1989 he was appointed special assistant to the Under-Secretary-General for Special Political Affairs, the unit that later became the Peacekeeping Operations Department in New York. Until 1996, he led the team responsible for peacekeeping operations in the former [[Yugoslavia]], spending considerable time on the ground during the civil war there.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fletcher.tufts.edu/News-and-Media/2008/01/25/A-look-at-the-life |title=A look at life after the UN: Shashi Tharoor F'78 |date=25 January 2008 |work=Tufts Fletcher School |access-date=16 January 2016 |archive-date=24 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024211455/http://fletcher.tufts.edu/News-and-Media/2008/01/25/A-look-at-the-life |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/News/ossg/sg/stories/tharoor_bio.htm |title=Shashi Tharoor biography |publisher=United Nations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413040623/http://www.un.org/News/ossg/sg/stories/tharoor_bio.htm |archive-date=13 April 2012 }}</ref>

===Assistant Secretary and Under Secretary-General at the UN===
In 1996, Tharoor was appointed Director of Communications and Special Projects and Executive Assistant to Secretary-General [[Kofi Annan]]. In January 2001, Tharoor was appointed as Interim Head<ref name="ST UN">{{Cite web|title=Appointment of Shashi Tharoor as Under Secretary General for Communications and Public Information confirmed by Secretary General|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2002/sga803.doc.htm|access-date=19 November 2018|publisher=United Nations|archive-date=3 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703163815/https://www.un.org/press/en/2002/sga803.doc.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> of the Department of Public Information (DPI) at the Assistant-Secretary-General level.<ref name="ST UN"/> He was subsequently confirmed as the Under-Secretary-General for Communications and Public Information (UNDPI) with effect from 1 June 2002.<ref name="ST UN"/> In this capacity, he was responsible for the United Nations' communications strategy, enhancing the image and effectiveness of the organisation. In 2003 the Secretary-General gave him the additional responsibility of United Nations Coordinator for Multilingualism. During his tenure at the UNDPI, Tharoor reformed the department and undertook a number of initiatives, ranging from organizing and conducting the first-ever UN seminar on Antisemitism, the first-ever UN seminar on [[Islamophobia]] after the [[11 September attacks]], and launching an annual list of "Ten Under-Reported Stories the World Ought to Know about", which was last produced in 2008 by his successor.

On 9 February 2007, Tharoor resigned from the post of Under-Secretary-General and left the UN on 1 April 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/feb/09un.htm |title=UN Under Secy General Shashi Tharoor resigns |date=9 February 2007 |work=Rediff |access-date=16 January 2016 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235820/http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/feb/09un.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/en/events/tenstories/08/ |title=Ten Stories The World Should Hear More About |publisher=United Nations |access-date=16 January 2016 |archive-date=31 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231143730/http://www.un.org/en/events/tenstories/08/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nysun.com/new-york/shashi-tharoor-inside-man/32384/ |title=Shashi Tharoor: Inside Man |first=Pranay |last=Gupte |date=9 May 2006 |newspaper=The New York Sun |access-date=16 January 2016 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214436/http://www.nysun.com/new-york/shashi-tharoor-inside-man/32384/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Campaign for UN Secretary-General: 2006===
{{See also|2006 United Nations Secretary-General selection}}

In 2006, the government of India nominated Tharoor for the post of [[UN Secretary-General]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/old/print.php?content_id=130689 |title=India names Shashi Tharoor for UN secy-general's post |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207062959/http://www.financialexpress.com/old/print.php?content_id=130689 |archive-date=7 December 2013 }}</ref> Had he won, the 50-year-old Shashi Tharoor would have become the second-youngest Secretary-General, after the 46-year-old [[Dag Hammarskjöld]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1961/hammarskjold-bio.html |title=Biography – Dag Hammarskjöld |publisher=Nobel Foundation |access-date=16 April 2010 |archive-date=3 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100903131550/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1961/hammarskjold-bio.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Although all previous Secretaries-General had come from small countries, Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] and National Security Advisor [[M. K. Narayanan]] felt that Tharoor's candidacy would demonstrate India's willingness to play a larger role at the United Nations.<ref name="open">{{cite news|last1=Tharoor|first1=Shashi|title=The inside Story of How I Lost the Race for the UN Secretary-General's Job in 2006|url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/cover-story/the-inside-story-of-how-i-lost-the-race-for-the-un-secretary-generals-job-in-2006-shashi-tharoor|work=OPEN Magazine|date=21 October 2016|access-date=9 July 2017|archive-date=5 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105161700/http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/cover-story/the-inside-story-of-how-i-lost-the-race-for-the-un-secretary-generals-job-in-2006-shashi-tharoor|url-status=live}}</ref>

Tharoor finished second, behind [[Ban Ki-moon]] of South Korea, in each of the four straw polls conducted by the [[UN Security Council]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unsg.org/wordpress/2006/10/first-color-coded-straw-poll-results/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117050910/http://www.unsg.org/wordpress/2006/10/first-color-coded-straw-poll-results/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 November 2015 |title=Ban Ki-moon wins |work=UNSG.org |date=2 October 2006 |access-date=2 October 2006 }}</ref> In the final round, Ban emerged as the only candidate not to be vetoed by one of the [[Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council|permanent members]], while Tharoor received one veto from the United States. U.S. Ambassador [[John R. Bolton|John Bolton]] later revealed his instructions from [[Condoleezza Rice]]: "We don't want a strong Secretary-General." Tharoor was a protégé of the independently minded [[Kofi Annan]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_us-veto-ends-shashi-tharoor-s-run-for-top-job-at-the-un_1056664 |title=US veto ends Shashi Tharoor's run for top job at the UN |work=DNA India |first=Seema |last=Guha |date=4 October 2006 |access-date=16 April 2010 |archive-date=25 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625185332/http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_us-veto-ends-shashi-tharoor-s-run-for-top-job-at-the-un_1056664 |url-status=live }}</ref> and a senior American official told Tharoor that the US was determined to have "No more Kofis."<ref name="open"/> After the vote, Tharoor withdrew his candidacy and declined Ban Ki-moon's invitation to remain in service beyond the expiry of his term as Under-Secretary-General.

==Post-UN career==
{{external media | width = 210px | align = right | video1 =[http://www.ted.com/talks/shashi_tharoor "Why nations should pursue soft power"], [[TED (conference)|TED talk]], November 2009 }}
In February 2007, amidst speculation about his post-UN future, the Indian press reported that Tharoor might be inducted into Council of Ministers of Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] as Minister of State for External Affairs. In the same month, an American gossip blog reported that Tharoor was a finalist for the position of dean of the [[USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism|USC Annenberg School for Communication]] in Los Angeles, but he withdrew his name from consideration at the final stage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.laist.com/archives/2007/02/20/top_5_candidates_for_usc_annenberg_dean.php |title=Top 5 Candidates for USC Annenberg Dean |first=Andy |last=Sternberg |date=20 February 2007 |work=LAist |access-date=16 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403083550/http://www.laist.com/archives/2007/02/20/top_5_candidates_for_usc_annenberg_dean.php |archive-date=3 April 2007 }}</ref> Instead, Tharoor became chairman of Dubai-based Afras Ventures,<ref name="Rediff">{{cite news |last=Haniffa |first=Aziz |title=Shashi Tharoor joins the corporate world |date=10 May 2007 |work=Rediff News |url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2007/may/10shashi.htm |access-date=6 May 2008 |archive-date=27 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527215120/http://www.rediff.com/money/2007/may/10shashi.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> which established the Afras Academy for Business Communication (AABC) in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], Kerala, the city in which he would go on to win a record three parliamentary elections. He also spoke around the world about India and Kerala, where he spent increasing amounts of time before moving for good to India in October 2008.

Prior to embarking on his political career, Tharoor also served on the board of overseers of the [[Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy]], the board of trustees of the [[Aspen Institute]], and the advisory boards of the [[Indo-American Arts Council]], the [[American India Foundation]], the [[World Policy Journal]], the Virtue Foundation, and the human rights organisation [[Breakthrough (human rights)|Breakthrough]].<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/BSP/images/Shashitharoorbio.pdf |title=Shashi Tharoor Biographical note |year=2007 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=17 March 2014 |archive-date=25 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325232442/http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/BSP/images/Shashitharoorbio.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> At the [[Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy]] in 1976, he founded and was the first chair of the editorial board of ''[[The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs]]'', a journal examining issues in international relations.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.ony.unu.edu/09February2006Panelists.html
|title = In cooperation with UNU-P&G, United States Institute of Peace, and Cambridge University Press
|access-date = 10 May 2007
|publisher = [[United Nations University]] Office at the United Nations |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609181244/http://www.ony.unu.edu/09February2006Panelists.html |archive-date=9 June 2007}}</ref> Tharoor was an international adviser to the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] in Geneva from 2008 to 2011. He served on the advisory council of the [[Hague Institute for International Justice]]<ref name="The Hague Institute for Global Justice">{{cite news |title=Shashi Tharoor now a member of the THIGJ Advisory Council |date=17 October 2012 |work=The Hague Institute for Global Justice |url=http://www.thehagueinstituteforglobaljustice.org/index.php?page=News-News_articles-Recent-Shashi_Tharoor_now_a_member_of_the_THIGJ_Advisory_Council&pid=138&id=32 |access-date=28 November 2012 |archive-date=6 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606222423/http://www.thehagueinstituteforglobaljustice.org/index.php?page=News-News_articles-Recent-Shashi_Tharoor_now_a_member_of_the_THIGJ_Advisory_Council&pid=138&id=32 |url-status=live }}</ref> and was elected Fellow of the [[New York Institute for the Humanities]] during 1995–96.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Atlantic Companion to Literature in English |editor-first=Mohit K. |editor-last=Ray |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors |location=New Delhi |date=1 September 2007 |page=524 |isbn=9788126908325}}</ref> He also supported various educational causes, including as Patron of [[GEMS Modern Academy]] in [[Dubai]].<ref>{{cite news
|url = http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1080342
|date = 16 February 2007
|title = Shashi Tharoor to be inducted in government?
|access-date = 16 January 2016
|newspaper = [[Daily News and Analysis]]
|archive-date = 11 February 2009
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090211162737/http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1080342
|url-status = live
}}</ref>

==Political career in India==
[[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee administering the oath as Minister of State to Dr. Shashi Tharoor, at a Swearing-in Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on October 28, 2012.jpg|thumb|[[List of Presidents of India|13th]] [[President of India]] [[Pranab Mukherjee]] administering the oath as Minister of State to Shashi Tharoor at a Swearing-in Ceremony, at [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]], in New Delhi on 2012.]]
Tharoor once said that when he began his political career he was approached by the Congress, the Communists, and the BJP. He chose Congress because he felt ideologically comfortable with it.<ref name="telegraphindia.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170514/jsp/opinion/story_151438.jsp|title=In his Image – The Importance of being Shashi Tharoor|date=14 May 2017|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=5 June 2017|archive-date=20 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171220093305/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170514/jsp/opinion/story_151438.jsp|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2009 Tharoor contested the Indian General Elections as a candidate for the Congress Party in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], Kerala. His opponents included P. Ramachandran Nair of the [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI), Neelalohitadasan Nadar of the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (BSP), MP Gangadharan of the [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP), and PK Krishna Das of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). Despite criticism that he was an "elite outsider",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/outsider-to-playboy-tharoor-hopes-to-ride-out-new-storm/articleshow/33581994.cms|title=Shashi Tharoor – The Elite Outsider|website=The Times of India|access-date=14 November 2019|archive-date=8 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508142753/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/outsider-to-playboy-tharoor-hopes-to-ride-out-new-storm/articleshow/33581994.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
Tharoor won the elections by a margin of 99,989. He was then selected as a Minister of State in the Council of Ministers of Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]]. On 28 May 2009, he was sworn in as Minister of State for External Affairs, in charge of Africa, Latin America, and the Gulf, including the Haj pilgrimage, and the Consular, Passports, and Visas services of the Ministry. As Minister of State for External Affairs, he re-established long-dormant diplomatic relationships with African nations, where his fluency in French made him popular with Francophone countries and their heads of state.

[[File:Manmohan Singh addressing after unveiling the commemoration plaque of the offsite Campus of Central University of Kerala, at Thiruvananthapuram, in Kerala. The Governor of Kerala, Shri Nikhil Kumar.jpg|thumb|[[List of Prime Ministers of India|13th Prime Minister of India]] [[Manmohan Singh]] with Shashi unveiling the commemoration plaque of the offsite Campus of Central University of Kerala at Thiruvananthapuram, in Kerala.]]
Tharoor was a pioneer in using social media as an instrument of political interaction. He was India's most-followed politician on Twitter until 2013, when he was overtaken by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]. Some of his Twitter posts have proved controversial in the past and were highlighted negatively by the opposition and press.

He was also the first Indian minister to visit Haiti after the devastating [[2010 Haiti earthquake|2010 earthquake]]. He reformed the arrangements relating to the conduct of the Haj pilgrimage. He initiated new policy-planning activities on the Indian Ocean and represented India at various global events during his 11-month tenure as minister. In April 2010, he resigned from the position, following allegations that he had misused his office to get shares in the [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] cricket franchise. Tharoor denied the charges and, during his resignation speech in Parliament, called for a full inquiry. In a 2014 rejoinder he defended his position: "I was never involved in a scam of any sort in the IPL- I was brought down because...[I had] antagonised some powerful political cricketing interests" and added that he had "cooperated extensively with the detailed investigation conducted by the Enforcement Directorate into the entire issue", and no wrongdoing had been found.{{citation needed |date=August 2015}}

Between 2010 and 2012 Tharoor remained active in Parliament and was member-convenor of the Parliamentary Forum on Disaster Management, a member of the Standing Committee on External Affairs, of the Consultative Committee of Defence, [[Public Accounts Committee|the Public Accounts Committee]], and the Joint Parliamentary Committee on Telecoms. He participated in several important debates of the 15th Lok Sabha, including on the Lokpal Bill, the demand for grants of the Ministry of External Affairs and of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, the black money debate, and so on. In the special debate on the 60th anniversary of the Indian Parliament, Tharoor was one of four members of the Congress Party, including party President [[Sonia Gandhi]], Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]], and Leader of the House [[Pranab Mukherjee]], to be invited to address the [[Lok Sabha]].

In 2012 Tharoor was re-inducted into the Union Council of Ministers by Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] with the portfolio of [[minister of state]] for HRD. In this role he took special interest in the problems and challenges of [[adult education]], [[distance education]] and enhancing high-quality research by academic institutions. He was responsible for the ministry's written answers to Parliament's questions and responded to oral questions on education during the Lok Sabha's Question Hour. He addressed forums and conferences on education, explained a vision of India's educational challenges in the context of the country's demographic opportunities, and stressed that education was not only a socioeconomic issue, but also a national security issue.

As Member of Parliament for [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]], Tharoor became the first elected representative in India to issue annual reports on his work as MP, including furnishing accounts of his MPLADS expenditure. In 2012 he published a half-term report followed in 2014 by a full-term report.

[[File:Hibi Eden and Sasi Tharoor.jpg|thumb|230px|left|Shashi Tharoor at a march parade with [[NSUI]] President [[Hibi Eden]] and other Congress workers in [[Ernakulam]], Kerala.]]
In May 2014 Tharoor won his re-election from Thiruvananthapuram, defeating [[O. Rajagopal]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] by a margin of around 15,700 votes, and became a member of the 16th [[Lok Sabha]], sitting in Opposition. He was named Chairman of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on External Affairs. Shashi Tharoor was dropped from the post of Congress spokesperson on 13 October 2014 after he praised statements of his party's opponent, Prime Minister Modi.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/shashi-tharoor-removed-congress-spokesperson-kpcc/1/395503.html|title=Shashi Tharoor removed as Congress spokesperson|date=13 October 2014|newspaper=India Today|access-date=9 March 2017|archive-date=12 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312023709/http://m.indiatoday.in/story/shashi-tharoor-removed-congress-spokesperson-kpcc/1/395503.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In regards to Tharoor's removal from the post of congress spokesperson, Kolkata's ''[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]'' opined, "For an Opposition MP to have and to exercise the freedom to appreciate a good thing done by the government and for a ruling party MP to speak and vote against the party line is not just legitimate parliamentary practice, it is the very essence of parliamentary democracy. Shashi Tharoor, from the ranks of the Congress has tried to do that; there is not one BJP MP who has matched him. Blind conformism is not loyalty, nor independent thinking, dissent."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1151004/jsp/opinion/story_46010.jsp|title=Silence Is Not Golden- The Importance of being Shashi Tharoor MP|date=4 October 2015|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=5 June 2017|archive-date=13 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013001254/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151004/jsp/opinion/story_46010.jsp|url-status=live}}</ref>

After the BJP victory of 2014, Tharoor was asked to help the treasury benches draft a statement condemning Pakistan for freeing Zaki-ur-Rehman Lakhvi, the Lashkar-e-Toiba commander, who masterminded the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]] that killed 166 people. In January 2015, Tharoor asked not to debunk genuine accomplishments of Ancient Indian Science due to exaggerations of the [[Hindutva]] brigade,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dont-debunk-genuine-accomplishments-of-ancient-indian-science-says-shashi-tharoor-722353|title=Don't Debunk Genuine Accomplishments of Ancient Indian Science, says Shashi Tharoor|website=NDTV.com|access-date=26 November 2019|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826052811/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dont-debunk-genuine-accomplishments-of-ancient-indian-science-says-shashi-tharoor-722353|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/why-indian-science-scores/article28521379.ece|title=Why Indian science scores|date=8 June 2003|work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Shashi-Tharoor-supports-Vardhan-says-dont-debunk-ancient-science/articleshow/45751273.cms|title=Shashi Tharoor supports Vardhan, says don't debunk ancient science | India News|website=The Times of India|access-date=26 November 2019|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108171353/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Shashi-Tharoor-supports-Vardhan-says-dont-debunk-ancient-science/articleshow/45751273.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> amid [[2015 Indian Science Congress ancient aircraft controversy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/opinion/tharoor-explains-his-tweets-on-ancient-indian-science-729942|title=Opinion: Tharoor Explains His Tweets on Ancient Indian Science|website=NDTV.com|access-date=26 November 2019|archive-date=29 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229152102/https://www.ndtv.com/opinion/tharoor-explains-his-tweets-on-ancient-indian-science-729942|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Sundayapp/R3qHit95m09xNttJNPo43L/Separating-fact-from-ancient-Indian-science-fiction.html|title=Separating fact from ancient Indian science fiction|first=Akshat|last=Rathi|date=1 August 2015|website=Mint|access-date=26 November 2019|archive-date=17 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117172216/https://www.livemint.com/Sundayapp/R3qHit95m09xNttJNPo43L/Separating-fact-from-ancient-Indian-science-fiction.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In March 2017, Tharoor called for the [[Victoria Memorial, Kolkata|Victoria Memorial]] in [[Kolkata]] to be converted into a museum on the effects of [[British Raj|British colonial rule in India]]. Tharoor wrote in an ''[[Al Jazeera]]'' article that the British "conquered one of the richest countries in the world (27 per cent of global gross domestic product in 1700) and reduced it to, after over two centuries of looting and exploitation, one of the poorest, most diseased and most illiterate countries on Earth by the time they left in 1947. ...Nor is there any memorial to the massacres of the Raj, from Delhi in 1857 to [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre|Amritsar]] in 1919, the [[Timeline of major famines in India during British rule|deaths of 35 million Indians]] in totally unnecessary [[Famine in India|famines]] caused by British [policies]".<ref>"[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/india-35-million-deaths-britain-shashi-tharoor-british-empire-a7627041.html Britain is responsible for deaths of 35 million Indians, says acclaimed author Shashi Tharoor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518211431/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/india-35-million-deaths-britain-shashi-tharoor-british-empire-a7627041.html |date=18 May 2018 }}". ''The Independent''. 13 March 2017.</ref>

Although there was significant support for Tharoor to contest as the Prime Minister candidate in 2019 General Elections, he has disowned, downplayed, and distanced himself from any such online campaigns run by his large number of followers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/shashi-tharoor-responds-to-online-petition-wanting-him-as-upa-pm-contender-in-2019/|title=Shashi Tharoor responds to online petition wanting him as UPA PM contender in 2019|date=17 March 2017|work=The Indian Express|access-date=19 September 2018|archive-date=28 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428100652/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/shashi-tharoor-responds-to-online-petition-wanting-him-as-upa-pm-contender-in-2019/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=17 March 2017|title=Shashi Tharoor says no intention of becoming PM in 2019, asks to withdraw petition|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/shashi-tharoor-says-no-intention-of-becoming-pm-in-2019-asks-to-withdraw-petition/591555/|access-date=29 November 2021|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|archive-date=29 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129063841/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/shashi-tharoor-says-no-intention-of-becoming-pm-in-2019-asks-to-withdraw-petition/591555/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Tharoor has also attempted to introduce a number of Private Members Bills in the Parliament. Notably, his efforts to amend [[Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code]] were voted out by the majority of parliamentarians on two occasions. Interestingly, the [[Supreme Court of India|Apex court of India]] [[Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India|later ruled in favor of amending the controversial article in 2018]], vindicating the views upheld by Tharoor, thereby.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bill to decriminalise gay sex rejected |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-35129361 |work=BBC News |date=18 December 2015 |access-date=19 September 2018 |archive-date=19 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919174638/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-35129361 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=SC verdict on Section 377 – A timeline of the case |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/section-377-to-be-revisited-timeline-of-the-case-501 |work=The Indian Express |date=8 January 2018}}</ref>

== Speeches ==
{{See also|Shashi Tharoor's Oxford Union speech}}
Tharoor is notable for his eloquence while speaking, as demonstrated by the popularity of his speeches on online platforms<ref>Top Indian Speaker at ISB [https://www.indianspeakerbureau.com/speaker_profile/161"Indian Speaker Bureau] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213125051/http://www.indianspeakerbureau.com/speaker_profile/161 |date=13 February 2019 }}</ref> such as YouTube. For instance, [[Shashi Tharoor's Oxford Union speech]], delivered at the [[Oxford Union]] in 2015, has amassed over 8.1 million views on one site alone, while simultaneously being praised as ground-breaking in various educational institutions in India. Further speeches such as those explaining the importance of "[[soft power]]" and analyzing the impacts of education in India have garnered over one million and two million views respectively.<ref>{{cite web|title=Five lessons we learned about India from Shashi Tharoor's Oxford speech|url=http://www.firstpost.com/living/five-lessons-learned-india-shashi-tharoors-oxford-speech-2356444.html|website=FirstPost|date=22 July 2015|access-date=22 July 2015|archive-date=23 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723160504/http://www.firstpost.com/living/five-lessons-learned-india-shashi-tharoors-oxford-speech-2356444.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shashi Tharoor's Scalding Oxford Union Speech Against Colonial Britain|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/shashi-tharoor-garners-appreciation-his-spirited-argument-oxford-union-debate-full-text-640299n-debate-full-text-640299|website=International Business Times|date=24 July 2015}}</ref>

Additionally, Tharoor is known for his views on a number of topics including economics, history, governance, and geopolitics due to both his well-regarded educational attainment and his broad experience while at the United Nations. He is an outspoken supporter of the [[Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly]], an organisation which campaigns for democratic reformation of the United Nations, arguing that "United Nations needs to open its doors to elected representatives"<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://en.unpacampaign.org/statements/|title=Statements|work=Campaign for a UN Parliamentary Assembly|access-date=28 September 2017|archive-date=26 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926043017/http://en.unpacampaign.org/statements/|url-status=live}}</ref> Many note that it is his combination of wit, charm, wry humour, and intelligence that make him accessible and held in high esteem, both in India and abroad.<ref>{{cite web|title=India's Best Orators|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/indias-best-orators/295106|website=Outlook India|access-date=6 May 2017|archive-date=5 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505144432/http://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/indias-best-orators/295106|url-status=live}}</ref>

Tharoor did a one-off stand-up act in [[Amazon Prime Video]] series One Mic Stand.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Duggal|first=Deepansh|title=Shashi Tharoor {{!}} 'One Mic Stand': Shashi Tharoor calls out PM Modi, speaks millennial lingo; his stand-up act becomes a massive hit|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/one-mic-stand-shashi-tharoor-shines-in-his-stand-up-act-calls-out-pm-modi-speaks-millennial-lingo/articleshow/72105829.cms?from=mdr|access-date=16 November 2020}}</ref>

==Literary career==
Tharoor has been a columnist in each of India's three best-known English-language newspapers,<ref>[[Newspaper circulation#India|Newspaper Circulation]]</ref> most recently for ''[[The Hindu]]'' (2001–2008) and in a weekly column, "Shashi on Sunday," in the ''[[Times of India]]'' (January 2007 – December 2008). Following his resignation as Minister of State for External Affairs, he began a fortnightly column on foreign policy issues in the ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]''. Previously he was a columnist for the ''[[Gentleman (magazine)|Gentleman]]'' magazine and the ''[[Indian Express]]'' newspaper, as well as a frequent contributor to ''[[Newsweek International]]'' and the ''[[International Herald Tribune]]''. His [[op-eds]] and [[book reviews]] have appeared in the ''[[Washington Post]]'',<ref>{{cite news|last=Tharoor|first=Shashi|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/book-review-behind-the-beautiful-forevers-by-katherine-boo/2012/01/26/gIQA848t4Q_story.html|title=Book review: 'Behind the Beautiful Forevers,' by Katherine Boo|date=10 October 2012|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=10 July 2013|archive-date=23 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123205730/http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/book-review-behind-the-beautiful-forevers-by-katherine-boo/2012/01/26/gIQA848t4Q_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> the ''[[New York Times]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/08/opinion/india-s-odd-enduring-patchwork.html|title=Opinion | India's Odd, Enduring Patchwork|last=Tharoor|first=Shashi|date=8 August 1997|work=The New York Times|access-date=11 September 2017|archive-date=4 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104184516/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/08/opinion/india-s-odd-enduring-patchwork.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'',<ref>{{cite news|last=Tharoor|first=Shashi|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2004/oct/24/books/bk-tharoor24|title=No great sheiks|date=24 October 2004|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=10 July 2013|archive-date=20 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220092038/http://articles.latimes.com/2004/oct/24/books/bk-tharoor24|url-status=live}}</ref> amongst other [[List of newspapers|papers]].{{citation needed |date=April 2012}} His monthly column, "India Reawakening", distributed by Project Syndicate, appears in 80 newspapers around the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.project-syndicate.org/columnist/shashi-tharoor|title=Shashi Tharoor|website=Project Syndicate|access-date=15 April 2017|archive-date=23 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323200651/https://www.project-syndicate.org/columnist/shashi-tharoor|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2021, Tharoor has written twenty-three books in English.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tharoor's 23rd book is out|url=http://news.rediff.com/commentary/2021/oct/01/tharoors-23rd-book-is-out/3f4bd0df669a99c259b2386bb61f2e62|access-date=29 November 2021|website=news.rediff.com|language=en|archive-date=29 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129062417/https://news.rediff.com/commentary/2021/oct/01/tharoors-23rd-book-is-out/3f4bd0df669a99c259b2386bb61f2e62|url-status=live}}</ref>

Tharoor began writing at the age of 6,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-shastra-of-writing/article7117149.ece|title=The Shastra of Writing|work=The Hindu|date=19 April 2015|last1=Zachariah|first1=Preeti|access-date=19 February 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928091054/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-shastra-of-writing/article7117149.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> and his first published story appeared in the Sunday edition of ''[[The Free Press Journal]]'', in Mumbai at age 10.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/shashi-tharoor-312409-2016-03-09|title=Shashi Tharoor|work=India Today|access-date=19 February 2020|archive-date=28 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428101503/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/shashi-tharoor-312409-2016-03-09|url-status=live}}</ref> His [[World War II]] [[adventure novel]] ''Operation Bellows'' about a RAF pilot Reginald Bellows, inspired by the [[Biggles]] books, was serialised in the Junior [[The Statesman (India)|Statesman]] starting a week before his 11th birthday.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tharoor|first=Shashi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jDj0OyH8VewC&dq=shashi+tharoor+statemen+operation+bellows&pg=PT9|title=The Five-Dollar Smile: Fourteen Early Stories and a Farce in Two Acts|date=31 January 2015|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-93-5118-099-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 May 1999|title=The World's Oldest Teenagers|url=https://www.himalmag.com/the-worlds-oldest-teenagers/|access-date=29 November 2021|website=Himal Southasian|language=en-GB|archive-date=29 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129061939/https://www.himalmag.com/the-worlds-oldest-teenagers/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Great Indian Novel]]'' had had 43 reprints as of October 2014, and a Silver Jubilee special edition was issued on the book's 25th anniversary in October 2014, by Viking Penguin India.''The Elephant, the Tiger and the Cellphone'' has also undergone several hardback re-prints.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/shashi-tharoors-the-great-indian-novel-has-completed-25-years-in-print-the-silver-jubilee-was-celebrated-over-satire-sips/cid/1557477|title=Shashi Tharoor's The Great Indian novel has completed 25 years in print, the silver jubilee was celebrated over satire & sips|work=The Telegraph|location=Kolkota|access-date=19 February 2020|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506224350/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/shashi-tharoors-the-great-indian-novel-has-completed-25-years-in-print-the-silver-jubilee-was-celebrated-over-satire-sips/cid/1557477|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/shashi-tharoor-political-career-minister-of-state-for-external-affairs-cabiner-reshuffle-the-great-indian-novel-ready-reckoner-119895-2012-10-29|title=Shashi Tharoor: A ready-reckoner|work=India Today}}</ref> President Bill Clinton cited Shashi Tharoor's book ''India From Midnight to the Millennium'' in his speech to the Indian parliament in 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/india/shashi-tharoor-a-man-who-courts-controversy-1.1398600|title=A man who courts controversy|website=Gulf News|access-date=15 April 2017|archive-date=15 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415202938/http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/india/shashi-tharoor-a-man-who-courts-controversy-1.1398600|url-status=live}}</ref>

Tharoor has lectured widely on India,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.nd.edu/news/8766-former-un-diplomat-tharoor-to-deliver-hesburgh-lectures/|title=Former UN diplomat Tharoor to deliver Hesburgh Lectures|last=Chamberlin|first=Kyle|date=10 April 2007|publisher=University of Notre Dame|access-date=19 January 2014|archive-date=2 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202121350/http://news.nd.edu/news/8766-former-un-diplomat-tharoor-to-deliver-hesburgh-lectures/|url-status=live}}</ref> and is often quoted for his observations,{{citation needed |date=April 2012}} including, "India is not, as people keep calling it, an underdeveloped country, but rather, in the context of its history and cultural heritage, a highly developed one in an advanced state of decay."<ref>''The Great Indian Novel'', Viking: London, 1989, p.18.</ref> He also coined a comparison of India's "thali" to the American "melting pot": "If America is a [[melting pot]], then to me India is a [[thali]] – a selection of sumptuous dishes in different bowls. Each tastes different, and does not necessarily mix with the next, but they belong together on the same plate, and they complement each other in making the meal a satisfying repast".<ref>''The Elephant, the Tiger and the Cellphone'', Viking: New Delhi, 2007, p.62.</ref>

Shashi Tharoor's non-fiction work ''An Era of Darkness'', published later in the United Kingdom as ''Inglorious Empire: What the British Did to India'', arose out of a [[Shashi Tharoor's Oxford Union speech|speech]]<ref>{{Citation|title=Dr Shashi Tharoor MP - Britain Does Owe Reparations|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7CW7S0zxv4| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211107/f7CW7S0zxv4| archive-date=7 November 2021 | url-status=live|language=en|access-date=14 April 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> he made at the [[Oxford Union]], was published in 2016. It has sold over 100,000 copies in hardback reprints and continues to be a bestseller in the country. The British edition rose to Number 1 in the ''[[London Evening Standard]]'' bestseller lists. Since then, he has published two other non-fiction books: ''Why I Am A Hindu'' (2018) and ''The Paradoxical Prime Minister'' (2018), both of which have been published in the Indian subcontinent by the Aleph Book Company.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.alephbookcompany.com/book/why-i-am-a-hindu/|title=Why I am a Hindu|date=28 December 2017|access-date=19 November 2018|publisher=Aleph Book Company|archive-date=29 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129183146/http://www.alephbookcompany.com/book/why-i-am-a-hindu/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.alephbookcompany.com/book/the-paradoxical-prime-minister-narendra-modi-and-his-india/|title=The Paradoxical Prime Minister: Narendra Modi and His India|date=22 October 2018|access-date=19 November 2018|publisher=Aleph Book Company|archive-date=28 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028161813/http://www.alephbookcompany.com/book/the-paradoxical-prime-minister-narendra-modi-and-his-india/|url-status=live}}</ref> The two books, both mega-bestsellers in India, raised very important questions. ''Why I Am a Hindu'' makes the point that it is precisely because Hindus form the majority that India has survived as a plural, secular democracy, a status that come under threat in the present world. ''The Paradoxical Prime Minister'' was a critical study of the present Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the effect he has had on India, along with other questions about a leader who is reviled and worshipped in equal measure.

Victor Mallet in the ''[[Financial Times]]'' said Tharoor "wants us to understand the origins of the difficulties that confronted India" after [[Indian Independence Act 1947|Indian independence]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/1885a53e-07d4-11e7-97d1-5e720a26771b|title=''Inglorious Empire'' by Shashi Tharoor – the rapacious Raj|website=Financial Times|date=17 March 2017|access-date=22 March 2018|last1=Mallet|first1=Victor|archive-date=17 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217014302/https://www.ft.com/content/1885a53e-07d4-11e7-97d1-5e720a26771b|url-status=live}}</ref> An article by the ''[[New Statesman]]'' said it was especially important for readers in Britain in the light of post-[[Brexit]] discussions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/brexit/2017/03/why-brexiteers-need-update-their-reading-colonial-history|title=Why Brexiteers need to update their reading of colonial history|date=17 March 2017|website=New Statesman|access-date=22 March 2018|archive-date=23 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323154745/https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/brexit/2017/03/why-brexiteers-need-update-their-reading-colonial-history|url-status=live}}</ref> Tharoor has called for the [[Government of the United Kingdom|British government]] to pay "colonial [[Reparations (transitional justice)|reparations]]" to India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/e74fd646-285d-11e8-b27e-cc62a39d57a0|title=Shashi Tharoor: the writer who believes Britain should pay colonial reparations|last=Stacey|first=Kiran|date=22 March 2018|website=Financial Times|access-date=22 March 2018|archive-date=23 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323092619/https://www.ft.com/content/e74fd646-285d-11e8-b27e-cc62a39d57a0|url-status=live}}</ref>

In September 2019, he published a new book, ''The Hindu Way: An Introduction'', in line with his research into Hindu culture and ways of life of late.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/936390/does-shashi-tharoor-believe-in-reincarnation-and-karma-his-new-book-has-an-answer|title=Does Shashi Tharoor believe in reincarnation and karma? His new book has an answer|last=Tharoor|first=Shashi|website=Scroll.in|access-date=14 November 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929192902/https://scroll.in/article/936390/does-shashi-tharoor-believe-in-reincarnation-and-karma-his-new-book-has-an-answer|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020 he published ''The New Word Disorder And the Indian Imperative,'' co-authored with Samir Saran, President of Observer Research Foundation (ORF), one of Asia's most influential think tanks. The book is a crucial study on the current state of chaos in international politics and identifies India's imminent role, as a non-hegemonic global power, in scripting an equitable ethic for a new international order.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Haidar|first=Suhasini|date=25 January 2020|title=Book review: The New World Disorder and the Indian Imperative by Shashi Tharoor and Samir Saran|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/book-review-the-new-world-disorder-and-the-indian-imperative-by-shashi-tharoor-and-samir-saran/article30644414.ece|access-date=29 November 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=26 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126135106/https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/book-review-the-new-world-disorder-and-the-indian-imperative-by-shashi-tharoor-and-samir-saran/article30644414.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Tharoor's first wife was Tilottama Mukherji, a half-[[Bengalis|Bengali]] and half-[[Kashmiris|Kashmiri]] academic,<ref>{{cite news |title=Shashi Tharoor and his ladies |url=https://www.abplive.in/crime/shashi-tharoor-and-his-ladies-7697 |access-date=5 July 2019 |work=m.abplive.in |date=10 January 2015 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705211555/https://www.abplive.in/crime/shashi-tharoor-and-his-ladies-7697 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the granddaughter of politician [[Kailash Nath Katju]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Shashi Tharoor to marry third time |url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/news/india/shashi-tharoor-to-marry-third-time/Shashi-Tharoor/articleshow/5793527.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=13 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104103931/http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/news/india/shashi-tharoor-to-marry-third-time/Shashi-Tharoor/articleshow/5793527.cms |archive-date=4 November 2012 }}</ref> Tharoor and Mukherji had been college sweethearts and were married in 1981.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ganapathy |first1=Nirmala |title=End of the road for Minister Twitter? |url=https://www.asiaone.com/asia/end-road-minister-twitter?amp |website=AsiaOne |access-date=5 July 2019 |date=21 January 2014 |archive-date=18 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518052415/https://www.asiaone.com/asia/end-road-minister-twitter?amp |url-status=live }}</ref> After their marriage, Tilottama took her husband's last name and began teaching English at the [[Ngee Ann Polytechnic]] university and also worked as a freelance writer.<ref>{{cite web |title=The women in Shashi Tharoor's life |url=https://www.asiaone.com/asia/women-shashi-tharoors-life |website=AsiaOne |access-date=3 July 2019 |date=21 January 2014 |archive-date=3 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703175200/https://www.asiaone.com/asia/women-shashi-tharoors-life |url-status=live }}</ref> Their twin sons,<ref>{{cite news |title=Shashi Tharoor's son gets married |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150817/nation-current-affairs/article/shashi-tharoor%E2%80%99s-son-gets-married |access-date=5 July 2019 |date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122190430/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150817/nation-current-affairs/article/shashi-tharoor%E2%80%99s-son-gets-married |url-status=live }}</ref> Kanishk and Ishaan, were born prematurely in 1984 at the [[KK Hospital]] in Singapore.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=V.K. Santosh |title=KK Hospital saved his premature twins |url=https://www.tabla.com.sg/jrsrc/200418full/epage012013/TA20180420-TAB-012-00-013.html |access-date=5 July 2019 |work=tabla.com.sg |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705213621/https://www.tabla.com.sg/jrsrc/200418full/epage012013/TA20180420-TAB-012-00-013.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Welcome to the family, Mother', Tharoor's sons welcome Sunanda Pushkar |work=Mid-Day |date=23 August 2010 |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/welcome-to-the-family-amma-tharoor-s-sons-welcome-sunanda-46502 |access-date=18 January 2014 |archive-date=1 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201152306/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/welcome-to-the-family-amma-tharoor-s-sons-welcome-sunanda-46502 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ishaan is a former senior editor at ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine, and now writes on foreign affairs for ''[[The Washington Post]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ishaan Tharoor|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/ishaan-tharoor/|access-date=22 July 2020|newspaper=Washington Post|language=en|archive-date=21 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721220958/https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/ishaan-tharoor/|url-status=live}}</ref> Kanishk is a former editor at Open Democracy and is the author of the highly praised short story collection ''Swimmer Among The Stars''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet literary hotshots and squad of two—Ishaan and Kanishk Tharoor|url=https://www.vogue.in/content/meet-literary-hotshots-and-squad-of-two-ishaan-and-kanishk-tharoor|access-date=29 November 2021|website=Vogue India|language=en-IN|archive-date=29 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129065944/https://www.vogue.in/content/meet-literary-hotshots-and-squad-of-two-ishaan-and-kanishk-tharoor|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Ishaan Tharoor |url=http://world.time.com/author/itharoor |magazine=Time |access-date=19 January 2014 |archive-date=13 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213071815/http://world.time.com/author/itharoor/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Tilottama is currently a professor of humanities at [[New York University]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tharoor & the tale of ex and estranged spouses, Neha Tara Mehta |work=[[India Today]] |date=14 April 2010 |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Tharoor+&+the+tale+of+ex+and+estranged+spouses/1/92750.html |access-date=3 December 2021 |archive-date=24 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224064425/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Tharoor+%26+the+tale+of+ex+and+estranged+spouses/1/92750.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Following his split with Tilottama, Tharoor married Christa Giles, a Canadian diplomat working at the United Nations in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://ekikrat.in/Shashi-Tharoor|title = Shashi Tharoor|access-date = 22 August 2010|publisher = Ekikrat|archive-date = 25 September 2009|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090925073927/http://ekikrat.in/Shashi-Tharoor|url-status = live}}</ref> After their subsequent divorce soon after his return to India, Tharoor married businesswoman [[Sunanda Pushkar]] in his ancestral home in Elavanchery village in Kerala's [[Palakkad district]] on 22 August 2010. On 17 January 2014, Pushkar (aged 51) died at The Leela Hotel in [[Chanakyapuri]], New Delhi, under mysterious circumstances.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sunanda-pushkar-died-an-unnatural-sudden-death-say-aiims-doctors-body-cremated/story-8n8tfrlu60jSVJwntInl4N.html|title=Sunanda Pushkar died an unnatural sudden death say AIIMS doctors; body cremated|date=18 January 2014|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=16 April 2019|archive-date=16 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416111142/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sunanda-pushkar-died-an-unnatural-sudden-death-say-aiims-doctors-body-cremated/story-8n8tfrlu60jSVJwntInl4N.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2018, Tharoor was charged with abetting the suicide of his wife and marital cruelty under sections 306 and 498A of the Indian Penal Code.<ref>{{Cite web|last=PTI|title=Shashi Tharoor charged in Sunanda Pushkar death case|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/shashi-tharoor-charged-in-sunanda-pushkar-death-case/article23881302.ece|access-date=10 March 2021|website=@businessline|language=en|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518045749/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/shashi-tharoor-charged-in-sunanda-pushkar-death-case/article23881302.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=10 October 2021|title=Shashi Tharoor abetted Sunanda Pushkar's suicide, says chargesheet |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/shashi-tharoor-abetted-sunanda-pushkars-suicide-says-chargesheet/articleshow/64166166.cms|access-date=10 March 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109040646/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/shashi-tharoor-abetted-sunanda-pushkars-suicide-says-chargesheet/articleshow/64166166.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> On 18 August 2021, a court in Delhi discharged Tharoor from all the charges.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/sunanda-pushkar-death-case-delhi-court-clears-shashi-tharoor-of-all-charges/amp-11629265460504.html |title=Shashi Tharoor cleared from all Charges |date=18 August 2021 |work=Mint |access-date=18 August 2021 |archive-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818060529/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/sunanda-pushkar-death-case-delhi-court-clears-shashi-tharoor-of-all-charges/amp-11629265460504.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Tharoor is a vegetarian and he "abhors the idea of consuming the corpses of animals," although he claimed that he does not have a problem with those who do. He has stated that he is "very proud of being a [[Hindu]]" and that he's a "worshipping" and "believing Hindu". Tharoor also claims to have read a "fair amount" of the [[Upanishads]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ramesh|first1=M.|title=I am very proud of being a Hindu|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/i-am-very-proud-of-being-a-hindu/article8210101.ece|access-date=29 October 2017|work=Business Line|date=8 February 2016|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518061727/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/i-am-very-proud-of-being-a-hindu/article8210101.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 2019, Tharoor had an accident when praying during a [[Tulabhara|Thulabharam]] ritual at a temple in Thiruvananthapuram . After being discharged, he sought a probe by the government into the incident.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/out-of-hospital-shashi-tharoor-seeks-probe-into-temple-accident/story-LfrtCDrlb3eoTdHgV0PFQJ.html|title=Out of hospital, Shashi Tharoor seeks probe into temple accident|date=16 April 2019|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=17 April 2019|archive-date=16 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416131240/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/out-of-hospital-shashi-tharoor-seeks-probe-into-temple-accident/story-LfrtCDrlb3eoTdHgV0PFQJ.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

His mother-tongue is [[Malayalam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4CR7hQGmVU| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211107/s4CR7hQGmVU| archive-date=7 November 2021 | url-status=live|title=Dr. Shashi Tharoor on Religion & Personal Life (Malayalam)|via=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Beside, he is fluent in French, Bengali and English.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAi9YMkPoTw| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211107/fAi9YMkPoTw| archive-date=7 November 2021 | url-status=live|title=Congress leader Shashi Tharoor in Aap Ki Adalat (Full Episode)|via=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref> He has fair command over [[Hindi language|Hindi]].

=== Service and philanthropy ===
Shashi Tharoor was one of the first nine celebrities nominated in 2014 by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi to spread awareness regarding cleanliness, [[hygiene]] and good [[sanitation]] and make [[Swachh Bharat Mission]] a people's movement.<ref name="PM launches Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan">{{cite news|date=2 October 2014|title=PM launches Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan|url=http://www.narendramodi.in/pm-launches-swachh-bharat-abhiyaan/|access-date=2 October 2014|archive-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316220600/http://www.narendramodi.in/pm-launches-swachh-bharat-abhiyaan/|url-status=live}}</ref> He responded by cleaning the Vizhinjam port on the outskirts of [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 October 2014|title=Swachh Bharat: PM Modi ropes in celebrities for his 'Swachh Bharat' challenge {{!}} India News |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/PM-Modi-ropes-in-celebrities-for-his-Swachh-Bharat-challenge/articleshow/44121679.cms|access-date=31 July 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014515/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/PM-Modi-ropes-in-celebrities-for-his-Swachh-Bharat-challenge/articleshow/44121679.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 October 2014|title=Tharoor joins PM's 'Swachh Bharat' campaign|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/tharoor-joins-pm-s-swachh-bharat-campaign/story-s5lP1tb3AdLnFpkZ61KzBK.html|access-date=31 July 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

=== Advisor ===
Currently, he is also on the [[Advisory board|Board of Advisors]] of [[I.I.M.U.N.|India's International Movement to Unite Nations (I.I.M.U.N.)]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=I.I.M.U.N. {{!}}{{!}} Board of Advisors|url=https://new.iimun.in/pages/BoA.html|access-date=17 July 2021|website=new.iimun.in|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717042250/https://new.iimun.in/pages/BoA.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Honours and awards==
[[File:Farooq Abdullah addressing after being conferred the Civilian Honour by the Spain Government on the occasion of the National Day of Spain, in New Delhi. The Ambassador of Spain to India.jpg|thumb|Ambassador of Spain to India Gustavo de Aristégui conferring [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Spain|Civilian Honour]] by [[Government of Spain]] on the occasion of the National Day of Spain to Tharoor and [[Farooq Abdullah]].]]

* 1976 – ''Rajika Kripalani Young Journalist Award'' for the Best Indian Journalist under 30.<ref name=Guide>{{cite book |title=South Asian Novelists in English: An A-To-Z Guide |work=Greenwood Publishing Group |first=Gita |last=Rajan |editor-first=Jaina C. |editor-last=Sanga |page=308 |isbn=0-313-31885-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qlpKOzsOc-IC&pg=PA281|year=2003 }}</ref>
* 1990 – Federation of Indian Publishers' Hindustan Times Literary Award for the Best Book of the Year for ''The Great Indian Novel''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/political-leaders/shashi-tharoor.html|title=Shashi Tharoor|publisher=India's first election website|access-date=19 February 2020|archive-date=4 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004051145/http://www.elections.in/political-leaders/shashi-tharoor.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 1991 – [[Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for the Best Book of the Year in the Eurasian Region, for ''The Great Indian Novel''<ref name=Guide/>
* 1998 – ''Excelsior Award'' for excellence in literature, Association of Indians in America (AIA){{citation needed|date=February 2020}} and the [[Network of Indian Professionals]] (NetIP).<ref name=Guide/>
* 1998 – ''Global Leader of Tomorrow'', [[World Economic Forum]] in Davos, Switzerland<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2002/sga803.doc.htm|title=Appointment of Shashi Tharoor as under-secretary-general for communications and public information confirmed by secretary-general|publisher=United Nations|access-date=16 May 2018|archive-date=16 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516175014/https://www.un.org/press/en/2002/sga803.doc.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2004 – [[Pravasi Bharatiya Samman]], India's highest honour for non-resident Indians (accepted 2007<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=1756e2bb-7259-4d02-80a6-5fa5350b0fec&MatchID1=4461&TeamID1=10&TeamID2=6&MatchType1=2&SeriesID1=1108&PrimaryID=4461&Headline=Tharoor+gets+Pravasi+Samman
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930060932/http://hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=1756e2bb-7259-4d02-80a6-5fa5350b0fec&MatchID1=4461&TeamID1=10&TeamID2=6&MatchType1=2&SeriesID1=1108&PrimaryID=4461&Headline=Tharoor+gets+Pravasi+Samman
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=30 September 2007
|date=9 May 2007 |title=Tharoor honoured with Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award |access-date=10 May 2007 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>)
* 2009 – Zakir Hussain Memorial "Pride of India" Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/BSP/images/Shashitharoorbio.pdf|title=Shashi Tharoor biographical note|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=17 March 2014|archive-date=25 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325232442/http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/BSP/images/Shashitharoorbio.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2009 – Inspiration of the Year Award at GQ's Man of the Year Awards.<ref>{{cite web|work=[[GQ]]|title=Gallery: GQ India's Men of the Year Awards 2009|url=http://travel.cnn.com/mumbai/play/gallery-gq-indias-men-year-awards-2009-827493/|publisher=CNN|access-date=29 October 2017|date=11 October 2009|archive-date=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029121044/http://travel.cnn.com/mumbai/play/gallery-gq-indias-men-year-awards-2009-827493/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2009 – ''Hakim Khan Sur'' Award for National Integration, Maharana of [[Udaipur]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.meridian.org/profile/dr-shashi-tharoor/|title=Dr. Shashi Tharoor|publisher=Meridian news}}</ref>
* 2010 – ''Sarva Deshiya Prathibha'' Award, Pazhassiraja Charitable Trust, [[Kozhikode]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/12/01/stories/2009120154130400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205232137/http://www.hindu.com/2009/12/01/stories/2009120154130400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 December 2009 |title=Pazhassi awards announced |location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=1 December 2009}}</ref>
* 2010 – "New Age Politician of the Year" Award, at NDTV's Indian of the Year awards.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shashi Tharoor|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/litfest/delhi-litfest-2016/speakers/Shashi-Tharoor/articleshow/55050099.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=29 October 2017|archive-date=25 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125084343/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/litfest/delhi-litfest-2016/speakers/Shashi-Tharoor/articleshow/55050099.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2010 – Fifth IILM ''Distinguished Global Thinker Award'', New Delhi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/education/2010030845120.htm |title=Dr Shashi Tharoor receives the Fifth IILM Distinguished Global Thinker Award, 2010 |work=India PR Wire |access-date=9 March 2010 |archive-date=10 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310153231/http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/education/2010030845120.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 2010 – ''Digital person of the year'', Indian Digital Media Awards (IDMA), for popularising the digital medium in India.<ref name="IDMA">{{cite web |url=http://www.exchange4media.com/e4m/izone1/izone_fullstory.asp?Section_id=4&News_id=37480&Tag=2859 |title=IDMA 2010: G2 Direct & Digital, Tata Tea, Anil Ambani, Shashi Tharoor among host of winners |work=exchange4media Mumbai Bureau |access-date=12 March 2010 |archive-date=15 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315072503/http://www.exchange4media.com/e4m/izone1/izone_fullstory.asp?Section_id=4&News_id=37480&Tag=2859 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 2012 – {{Flag|Spain}} : [[File:Order of Charles III - Sash of Collar.svg|80px]] Commander of the [[Order of Charles III]] by [[King of Spain]]
* 2013 – First Sree Narayan Guru Global Secular and Peace Award at Thiruvananthapuram.
* 2013 – [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals|PETA]]'s "Person of the Year".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-12-27/news/45627050_1_peta-india-non-animal-methods-ethical-treatment |title=Shashi Tharoor PETA's 'person of the year' |work=The Economic Times |date=27 December 2013 |access-date=30 December 2013 |archive-date=30 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235830/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-12-27/news/45627050_1_peta-india-non-animal-methods-ethical-treatment |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 2019 – [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for his book, ''[[An Era of Darkness]]: The British Empire in India''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/people/story/shashi-tharoor-wins-sahitya-akademi-award-2019-for-an-era-of-darkness-1629374-2019-12-18|title=Shashi Tharoor wins Sahitya Akademi Award 2019 for An Era Of Darkness|last1=India Today Web Desk New|date=18 December 2019|website=India Today|access-date=18 December 2019|archive-date=9 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109190907/https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/people/story/shashi-tharoor-wins-sahitya-akademi-award-2019-for-an-era-of-darkness-1629374-2019-12-18|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Honorary degrees===
* Honorary [[Doctor of Letters]] in International Affairs from [[University of Puget Sound]]<ref name=Guide/>
* Doctor Honoris Causa in history from [[University of Bucharest]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prsindia.org/mptrack/shashitharoor |title=MP Track: Shashi Tharoor |work=PRS Legislative Research |access-date=16 January 2016 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128071849/http://www.prsindia.org/mptrack/shashitharoor |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Bibliography==
===Fiction===
* ''[[The Great Indian Novel]]'' (1989)<ref>{{cite book |title=The Great Indian Novel |work=Arcade Publishing |first=Shashi |last=Tharoor |page=423 |isbn=1-55970-194-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tyNahb9XtQsC|year=1993 }}</ref>
* ''[[The Five Dollar Smile and Other Stories]]'' (1990)<ref>{{cite book |title=The Five Dollar Smile and Other Stories |work=Arcade Pub. |first=Shashi |last=Tharoor |page=175 |isbn=1-55970-225-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V8xlAAAAMAAJ|year=1993 }}</ref>
* ''[[Show Business (novel)|Show Business]]'' (1992)<ref>{{cite book |title=Show Business |work=Skyhorse Publishing Inc. |first=Shashi |last=Tharoor |page=320 |isbn=978-1-61145-407-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pCu5RD2JX0C |date=18 April 2011 |access-date=11 August 2015 |archive-date=3 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203213848/https://books.google.com/books?id=7pCu5RD2JX0C |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Riot'' (2001)<ref>{{cite book |title=Riot |work=Arcade Publishing |first=Shashi |last=Tharoor |year=2001 |page=[https://archive.org/details/riot00thar/page/272 272] |isbn=1-55970-605-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/riot00thar/page/272 }}</ref>

===Non-fiction===
* ''Reasons of State'' (1985)<ref>{{cite book |title=Reasons of state: political development and India's foreign policy under Indira Gandhi |work=Vikas Pub. House |first=Shashi |last=Tharoor |year=1982 |page=438 |isbn=0-7069-1275-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n1RuAAAAMAAJ |access-date=11 August 2015 |archive-date=3 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203213839/https://books.google.com/books?id=n1RuAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''[[India: From Midnight to the Millennium]]'' (1997)<ref>{{cite book |title=India: From Midnight to the Millennium and Beyond |work=Arcade Publishing |first=Shashi |last=Tharoor |page=420 |isbn=1-55970-803-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fRSC_uTGhZ8C |year=2006 |access-date=11 August 2015 |archive-date=4 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204131427/https://books.google.com/books?id=fRSC_uTGhZ8C |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''[[Nehru: The Invention of India]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/nehruinventionof00thar|title=Nehru : the invention of India : Tharoor, Shashi, 1956- : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive|website=Internet Archive|year=2003|isbn=9781559706971|last1=Tharoor|first1=Shashi}}</ref> Arcade Publishing (2003). New York. First edition. {{isbn|9781559706971}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Nehru: The Invention of India |work=Arcade Publishing |first=Shashi |last=Tharoor |page=282 |isbn=1-55970-697-X |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3axLmUHCJ4cC |year=2003 |access-date=11 August 2015 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516074004/http://books.google.com/books?id=3axLmUHCJ4cC |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''[[Bookless in Baghdad]]'' (2005)<ref>{{cite book |title=Bookless in Baghdad: Reflections on Writing and Writers |work=Skyhorse Publishing Inc. |first=Shashi |last=Tharoor |page=288 |isbn=978-1-61145-408-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KZkbZtvep8gC |date=April 2012 |access-date=11 August 2015 |archive-date=3 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203213848/https://books.google.com/books?id=KZkbZtvep8gC |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''The Elephant, the Tiger, and the Cell Phone: Reflections on India – The Emerging 21st-Century Power'' (2007)<ref>{{cite book |title=The Elephant, the Tiger, and the Cell Phone: Reflections on India – The Emerging 21st-Century Power |work=W W Norton & Company Incorporated |first=Shashi |last=Tharoor |page=512 |isbn=978-1-61145-393-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uqvpZutXN7cC |year=2007 |access-date=29 November 2019 |archive-date=19 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319061103/https://books.google.com/books?id=uqvpZutXN7cC |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Shadows Across the Playing Field: Sixty Years of India-Pakistan Cricket'' (2009) (with Shaharyar Khan)<ref>{{cite book |title=Shadows Across the Playing Field: 60 Years of India-Pakistan Cricket |work=Roli Books |first=Shashi |last=Tharoor, Shaharyar Mohammed Khan |year=2009 |page=189 |isbn=978-81-7436-718-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sq0fQAAACAAJ |access-date=11 August 2015 |archive-date=3 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203213836/https://books.google.com/books?id=Sq0fQAAACAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''[[Pax Indica]]: India and the World of the 21st Century'' (2012)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tharoor|first=Shashi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=URqYQxNYHBIC&q=pax+indica+shashi|title=Pax Indica: India and the World of the Twenty-first Century|date=15 June 2013|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited|isbn=978-81-8475-693-7|language=en|access-date=29 November 2021|archive-date=3 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203213821/https://books.google.com/books?id=URqYQxNYHBIC&q=pax+indica+shashi|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''India: the Future is Now'' (Editor)(2013)
* ''India Shastra: Reflections on the Nation in our Time'' (2015)
* [[Inglorious Empire|''Inglorious Empire: What the British Did to India'']] (2017),<ref name="Inglorious Empire">{{cite web |url=http://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/inglorious-empire/ |title=New release: Inglorious Empire by Shashi Tharoor |last=Singh |first=kanwal |date=3 March 2017 |access-date=4 March 2017 |archive-date=24 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424210326/https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/inglorious-empire/ |url-status=live }}</ref> first published in India as ''An Era of Darkness: The British Empire in India'' (2016).<ref name="era_darkness">{{cite web |url=https://kitaab.org/2016/10/23/new-release-an-era-of-darkness-the-british-empire-in-india-by-shashi-tharoor/ |title=New release: An Era of Darkness: The British Empire in India by Shashi Tharoor |last=Sheikh |first=Aminah |date=23 October 2016 |access-date=16 November 2016 |archive-date=17 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117063020/https://kitaab.org/2016/10/23/new-release-an-era-of-darkness-the-british-empire-in-india-by-shashi-tharoor/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''[[Why I Am A Hindu]]'' (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alephbookcompany.com/book/why-i-am-a-hindu/|title=Why I am a Hindu|date=28 December 2017|access-date=15 May 2018|archive-date=25 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525105321/http://www.alephbookcompany.com/book/why-i-am-a-hindu/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[The Paradoxical Prime Minister]]'' (2018)
* ''The Hindu Way'' (2019)
* ''The New World Disorder and the Indian Imperative'' (2020), co-authored with Samir Saran.<ref>{{cite news | title=Book review: The New World Disorder and the Indian Imperative by Shashi Tharoor and Samir Saran | first=Suhasini | last=Haidar | url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/book-review-the-new-world-disorder-and-the-indian-imperative-by-shashi-tharoor-and-samir-saran/article30644414.ece | work=[[The Hindu]] | date=25 February 2020 | access-date=4 February 2020 | archive-date=26 January 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126135106/https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/book-review-the-new-world-disorder-and-the-indian-imperative-by-shashi-tharoor-and-samir-saran/article30644414.ece | url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''The Battle of Belonging'' (2020) <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/the-battle-of-belonging-review-idea-of-india-in-peril/article33038704.ece|title='The Battle of Belonging' review: 'Idea of India' in peril|first=Mohammed|last=Ayoob|newspaper=The Hindu|date=8 November 2020|access-date=11 November 2020|archive-date=10 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110233141/https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/the-battle-of-belonging-review-idea-of-india-in-peril/article33038704.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
*''Tharoorosaurus'' (2020) <ref>{{Cite book|last=Tharoor|first=Shashi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MsH4DwAAQBAJ&q=tharoorosaurus|title=Tharoorosaurus|date=1 September 2020|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited|isbn=978-93-5305-951-4|language=en|access-date=23 November 2021|archive-date=3 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203213810/https://books.google.com/books?id=MsH4DwAAQBAJ&q=tharoorosaurus|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Kumar|first=K. c Vijaya|date=26 September 2020|title=Tharoorosaurus review: A to Z of Tharoor's rich lexicon|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/tharoorosaurus-review-a-to-z-of-tharoors-rich-lexicon/article32693514.ece|access-date=6 September 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=15 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915072943/https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/tharoorosaurus-review-a-to-z-of-tharoors-rich-lexicon/article32693514.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
*''Pride, Prejudice and Punditry: The Essential Shashi Tharoor'' (2021)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/hindutva-is-like-a-british-football-team-hooligan-shashi-tharoor-pride-prejudice-and-punditry-book-7628663/|title='Hindutva is like a British football-team hooligan': Shashi Tharoor|date=18 November 2021|website=The Indian Express|access-date=22 November 2021|archive-date=22 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122191458/https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/hindutva-is-like-a-british-football-team-hooligan-shashi-tharoor-pride-prejudice-and-punditry-book-7628663/|url-status=live}} {{ISBN|9390652278}}</ref>
* ''The Struggle for India's Soul: Nationalism and the Fate of Democracy'' (2021)<ref>Tunku Varadarajan, "'The Struggle for India's Soul' Review: Nationalism in New Delhi: An Indian politician and writer calls for a return to liberal ideals." [https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-struggle-for-indias-soul-book-review-shashi-tharoor-narendra-modi-nationalism-in-new-delhi-11638546520?mod=books_arts_featured_pos1 ''Wall Street Journal'' 3 Dec 2021]</ref>

===Illustrated books===
* ''Kerala: God's Own Country'' (2002) (along with artist [[M.F. Husain]]).<ref>{{cite book |title=Kerala, God's own country |work=Books Today |first=Shashi |last=Tharoor, Maqbul Fida Husain |date=January 2003 |page=57 |isbn=81-87478-43-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BJluAAAAMAAJ |access-date=11 August 2015 |archive-date=3 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203213810/https://books.google.com/books?id=BJluAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Inde'' (in French) or ''India'' (in English) (2008) along with photographer [[Ferrante Ferranti]].

==See also==
* [[List of Indian writers]]
* [[Syed Akbaruddin]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Shashi Tharoor}}
{{wikiquote|Shashi Tharoor}}
* {{Official website|http://www.shashitharoor.in/}}
* {{Instagram|id=shashitharoor|name=Shashi Tharoor}}
*
* [http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4569 Dr Shashi Tharoor] ''Official bio-data at Lok Sabha, Parliament of India''
* [http://archivepmo.nic.in/drmanmohansingh/pmsteam.php Cabinet of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh] ''Prime Ministers Office, Archived''
* [https://www.un.org/News/ossg/sg/stories/shashi_bio.asp Shashi Tharoor] at United Nations
* {{NYTtopic|people/t/shashi_tharoor}}
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Shashi-Tharoor Shashi Tharoor] collected news and commentary at ''[[The Times of India]]''
*{{Cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCjYgVVd_po| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211107/aCjYgVVd_po| archive-date=7 November 2021 | url-status=live|title=Why Is PM Narendra Modi 'The Paradoxical Prime Minister'? {{!}} The Interview With Shashi Tharoor|type=Videotape|language=English|publisher=[[ET Now]]}}{{cbignore}}
* {{C-SPAN|shashitharoor}}
* {{IMDb name|0857076}}
* {{OL author|id=OL207696A}}
* {{worldcat id|id=lccn-n82-77483}}
* [https://www.literaturfestival.com/medien/texte/eroeffnungsreden/tharoor-engl Globalization and the Human Imagination] ''Opening speech of the 3. international literature festival berlin''

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Pannyan Raveendran]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Member of Parliament for [[Thiruvananthapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thiruvananthapuram]]
| years = 2009
}}
{{s-inc
}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef
| before = {{Not sure}}
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[United Nations Department of Public Information|Secretary-General UN Communications and Public Information]]
| years = 2001–2007
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Kiyotaka Akasaka]]
}}
{{s-end}}{{Malayalam Literature}}{{17th LS members from Kerala}}
{{16th LS members from Kerala}}
{{Cabinet of Manmohan Singh}}{{Portal bar|Biography|Literature|Politics|Socialism|Hinduism|India}}{{Authority control}}
{{portal bar|Biography|India|Literature|Politics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tharoor, Shashi}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:British people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Writers from Palakkad]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Malayali politicians]]
[[Category:Indian diplomats]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Under-Secretaries-General of the United Nations]]
[[Category:Indian officials of the United Nations]]
[[Category:The Fletcher School at Tufts University alumni]]
[[Category:Tufts University alumni]]
[[Category:15th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:English-language writers from India]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Kerala]]
[[Category:16th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Novelists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian political writers]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian travel writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Journalists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Kerala politicians]]
[[Category:The Times of India journalists]]
[[Category:Indian foreign policy writers]]
[[Category:Indian columnists]]
[[Category:17th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Union ministers of state of India]]
[[Category:Recipients of Pravasi Bharatiya Samman]]

Shubhendra Rao

2021-12-30T10:58:32Z

Tiwaribharat: Photograph added.

{{Advert|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = Shubhendra Rao
| image = Shubhendra rao.jpg
| caption = Shubhendra Rao performing at the residence of Brazilian Ambassador to India
| image_size =
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name =
| alias =
| birth_place = [[Karnataka]], India
| birth_date =
| genre = [[Indian Classical Music|Indian Classical]]
| occupation = Musician
| instrument = [[Sitar]], Vocals, [[Pump organ|Harmonium]], [[Tanpura (instrument)|Tanpura]], Piano
| years_active = 1987–present
| label =

| website = {{URL|shubhendrarao.com}}
}}
'''Shubhendra Rao''' is a composer and [[sitar]] player who is ranked amongst the top soloists of [[India]]. The press describes him as "a musical bridge to many cultures" and "a thinking musician, constantly endeavoring to carry his instrument beyond conventional boundaries".{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} His music is "an experience that is not aimed at titillating the senses, but to seize the soul".{{citation needed|date=June 2016}}

A protege of [[Ravi Shankar]], he is acknowledged by critics and connoisseurs alike as a worthy successor to his teacher's tradition.<ref name="guru">http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/my-guru-pandit-ravi-shankar-my-father-and-i/article4192744.ece {{Bare URL inline|date=November 2021}}</ref><ref>http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090207/jsp/opinion/story_10495063.jsp</ref>

He is a classical musician, as well as a collaborator, working with musicians from different genres across the world. He has performed at prestigious venues and festivals like the [[Kennedy Center]],<ref name="Kennedy">Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211209/x8ygc2B7cMY Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160516231541/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8ygc2B7cMY Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8ygc2B7cMY| title = Shubhendra & Saskia Rao at Kennedy Center for web.mov | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Carnegie Hall]], [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]], the [[Sydney Opera House]], the [[National Arts Festival]], the [[Theatre de la Ville]], [[Dover Lane Music Conference]],<ref name="Dover lane">Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211209/8-GhKGpHdrg Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20140819111848/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-GhKGpHdrg Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-GhKGpHdrg| title = Pandit Shubhendra Rao at Doverlane Music Conference on 26th Jan 09 | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and St. Xavier's college Ahmedabad to name a few.

==Early life==
Shubhendra Rao was born on 26 November 1964 in [[Mysore city]] in the state of [[Karnataka]] in Southern [[India]]. From a very young age, he showed great talent for music. His father, N R Rama Rao (who was one of the earliest and closest disciples of Ravi Shankar), initiated him into the intricacies of the [[sitar]]. His mother, Nagaratna, is a trained [[Saraswati Veena]] player.

At the age of seven he took his first lesson from the master Ravi Shankar and continued to visit Shankar in different cities in [[India]] to pursue his musical education.<ref name="guru" /> The year 1984 was a milestone year in his life. At the insistence of his teacher, Shubhendra moved to [[Delhi]] to live with and learn from him in the true [[guru-shishya tradition]]. The years that followed were a period of introspective and creative metamorphosis. He tried to build in a discipline within himself, practicing from anything between ten and twelve hours every day. His teacher nurtured his talent, giving him deep insights into what it entailed to become a complete artist.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150329170137/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2780579161.html HighBeam]</ref><ref>http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/a-tribute-to-his-master/article4582617.ece {{Bare URL inline|date=November 2021}}</ref>

===Performing with and assisting Ravi Shankar===
An important part of his learning was assisting his teacher in solo concerts and orchestras. As an 18-year-old in 1983, he performed on stage for the first time with his Guru in ‘Uday Utsav’ in New Delhi. In 1988, he assisted and performed in the orchestra ‘Live in Kremlin’ in Russia that has been released as a CD. In 1989 and 1990, he toured with the production ‘Ghanashyam’ in the UK and [[India]]. His first concert assisting his Shankar in his solo concert was in February 1985 in New Delhi. Between 1985 and 1995, he performed with his Shankar at numerous concerts all over the world, continuing to assist him in all his creative productions.

==Career==
In 1987 Shubhendra gave his first solo concert in [[Bangalore]], and since then has gone on to establish himself as one of the distinguished instrumentalists of his generation. Shubhendra has performed at some of the most prestigious venues like [[Carnegie Hall]] and on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in New York, [[John F. Kennedy Center for Performing Arts]]<ref name="Kennedy" /> in Washington DC, [[Walker Arts Center]] in [[Minneapolis]], [[Des Moines Arts Center]], Maui Arts and Cultural Center in Hawaii, [[Sydney Opera House]] in Sydney, [[Edinburgh Festivals]] in Scotland, at the [[Theatre de la Ville]] in Paris, [[WOMAD festival]] in [[Guernsey]] England, [[National Arts Festival]] in South Africa, [[Fajr International Music Festival]] in [[Tehran]], [[Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay|Esplanade]] in Singapore among others. In India, Shubhendra has performed at major music festivals including [[Dover Lane Music Conference]],<ref name="Dover lane" /> the ITC Music Conference in [[Kolkata]], [[Baba Harballabh|Baba Harballabh Sangeet Mahasabha]] in [[Jullundhar]], Shankarlal Festival and Gunidas Sammelan in New Delhi, [[Saptak Festival of Music|SAPTAK]] Festival in [[Ahmedabad]], and [[Vasanta Habba|Vasantahabba Festival]] in [[Bangalore]].<ref>http://dnasyndication.com/dna/dna_english_news_and_features/Yatha-guru-tatha-shishya/DNBAN67399</ref>

A regular performer on Radio and the National Television, he holds a ‘Grade A’ status on the [[All India Radio]] roster. He is impaneled by the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]] (ICCR) both as a performer as well as a Guru.

He has also been invited as a guest teacher to give 'lecture-demonstrations' about Indian music by leading universities all over the world. Some universities include [[Peabody Conservatory of Music]], [[Duke University]], [[Yale University]], [[University of Sacramento]], [[Lewis and Clark College]], [[University of Minneapolis]], [[Winona State University]], [[University of Nebraska]].

In November 2007, he was awarded the "Youth Icon for Classical Music" by India's popular Zee Television Network.
Shubhendra Rao & Saskia Rao were also honoured with the "Delhi Ratna" award by the Art and Cultural Trust of India in December 2014.

==Collaborations==
An ardent and enthusiastic collaborator, Shubhendra has worked with musicians across genres. Some of the wonderful musicians he has composed for and collaborated with include [[Pipa]] Master, Ms. [[Gao Hong]],<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211209/7Iww8082W90 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160723143138/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Iww8082W90 Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Iww8082W90| title = Chinese Pipa Soloist Gao Hong with Pandit Shubhendra Rao - "Morning" | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Jazz Guitarist]] [[Nguyen Le]] from Paris, [[Jazz guitarist]], Freddie Bryant from New York, legendary singer [[Ryoko Moriyama]] from Japan, Jazz flautist [[James Newton]]. He has also worked with Iranian musicians, Ciavash Borhani on [[Taar]] and Samer Habibi on [[Kamancha]].

The press has hailed his collaborative work with his Dutch Cellist wife, [[Saskia Rao-de Haas]] as taking Indian music into a brave, new era.

==Compositions==
* In August 2008, India's premier Television Network, [[NDTV]] commissioned Shubhendra and Saskia to compose and perform a musical tribute to celebrate India's 61st Independence Day. ''This celebration had more than 90,000 hits on MSN India in just three days.''
* Composed for the production, "From Temple to Theatre", [[Minneapolis]] based Ragamala Dance production.
* Composed the music with Saskia Rao-de Haas for "When Gods meet", [[Padma Vibhushan]] [[Sonal Mansingh|Dr. Sonal Mansingh's]] production.
* For the 50th anniversary of the Spanish founder Father [[Vicente Ferrer Moncho|Vicente Ferrer]] in 2009, Shubhendra and Saskia composed a vibrant piece in the presence of the ''Spanish vice-president'', illustrating the connection between his land of birth and India.
* "Yathra" which means 'journey' is the title of a composition that they created for Ragamala Dance, [[Minneapolis]], US in 2008 and 2011. Yathra evokes an abstract expression of the cycle of life in a day, metaphorically tracing a human being's journey from the dawn of birth to the twilight of life.
* "The Red Flower"<ref>http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/123795211-red-flower-tribute-tagore-shubhendra-rao-and-saskia-rao-de-haas-presented-rotary-c</ref> (2011) is a musical dialogue based on the conversation that took place between [[Rabindranath Tagore]] and [[Albert Einstein]] regarding the perception of music by different individuals. It was through a fine weave of two seemingly different paradigms of culture and music that Shubhendra and Saskia chose to present this innovative concept.
* "Vesaal" (2011) is the collaboration between Shubhendra and Saskia with the Iranian musicians Ciavash Borhani on [[Tar]], Samir Habibi on [[Kemanche]] and Fakkhrudin Ghaffari on [[Tombak]], Duf exploring the cross points of Indian and Persian Classical music.
* "Unity of Faith" is a work commissioned in 2008 in honour of the international conference by the same name. Shubhendra and Saskia composed music to prayers and spiritual texts from different religions showing the effect that music can have on any seeker of spiritual enlightenment from any background bringing together a world music ensemble.

==Discography==
* Fulfilment—Solo recording of Raga Lalit and Raga Maru Bihag.
* Raga Marwa—Released by India Music Archives, New York
* Journey Together—Duet with Sarod player Partho Sarathy—Raga Patdeep and Raga Charukesi.
* Creating Waves—Duet with Saskia Rao-de Haas released by Rhyme Records, Kansas City
* Ancient Weaves—Duet with Sarod player, Partho Sarathy—Raga Charukauns and Raga Manj Khamaj
* New Offerings of Ravi Shankar—recorded Raga Tilak Shyam with his Guru, Pandit Ravi Shankar in 1983.
* Flying Dragon—Composed and performed with Pipa maestro, Gao Hong.

==Teacher==
As someone who is amongst the last of his generation learning under the age-old '[[guru-shishya tradition|Guru-Shishya parampara]]', Shubhendra continues to teach those who seek him out. As an impaneled Guru of the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]], many students from all over the world learn from him. Some of them stay for 6–8 years at a stretch, some spend a few months every year with him and others continue to learn from him all year round.

==Shubhendra and Saskia Rao Foundation==
The Shubhendra & Saskia Rao Foundation is a nonprofit organization that stands for Music every child's birthright! The Foundation is a way to help under privileged children to realize their full potential through music.<ref>[[The Hindu]]. ''[http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/school-notes/article6292058.ece Delhi-based musicians Shubhendra and Saskia Rao are all set to take music education to every child].'' 7 August 2014,</ref>

They have introduced a new approach to music education in their specially developed curriculum for India: ‘Music4All: a Glocalizedmusic education to empower youth’. The Foundation is currently working with over 150 school children from the Nizamuddin Basti to empower them through music,<ref>http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=For-Nizamuddins-young-voices-ragas-are-the-great-17082014006009</ref> conducts outreach programs for adults, teacher trainings and organizes random music events and concerts throughout the city.

==Personal life==
Shubhendra Rao married [[Saskia Rao-de Haas]] on 3 February 2001. They are blessed with a son, Ishaan who is learning the Piano and [[Sitar]], showing signs of the genes he has inherited.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.shubhendrarao.com Shubhendra Rao official site]
* [https://www.linkedin.com/pub/shubhendra-rao/18/A0A/417 Shubhendra Rao Linkedin Profile]
* [https://www.facebook.com/shubhendra.rao.1?fref=ts Shubhendra Rao Facebook]
* [http://www.music4all.org Shubhendra & Saskia Rao Foundation], www.music4all.org, a music education initiative for under privileged children.
* [http://www.spicmacay.co.uk SPICMACAY Chapter in UK]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, Shubhendra}}
[[Category:Hindustani instrumentalists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Musicians from Mysore]]
[[Category:Sitar players]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male classical singers]]

User:Tiwaribharat

2021-06-16T06:51:55Z

Tiwaribharat:

{{Infobox person
| name = Bharat Tiwari
| other_names = Bharat S Tiwari
| image = Bharat Tiwari.jpg
| caption = Bharat Tiwari
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1970|04|26}}
| birth_place = [[Faizabad]], [[India]]
| occupation = Interior Designer, Architect, Art Director, Photographer, Writer and Poet
| yearsactive = 1998 - present
| spouse = Vasundhra Tiwari
| website = {{URL|http://www.tiwari.me}}
| children = Jyotsnika and Aarushi
}}
'''Bharat Tiwari''' {{lang-hi|भरत तिवारी}} (April 26, 1970) is an Indian Interior Designer, Architect, Writer<ref>{{cite news|last=Tiwari|first=Bharat|title=Theatre group Yatri's 33rd anniversary celebrations|url=http://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/2012/jan/240112-Centrestage-for-33-years.htm|accessdate=26 February 2013|newspaper=Mid Day|date=24 January 2012}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|last=तिवारी|first=भरत|title=गुलों में दहशत|url=http://www.jansatta.com/index.php/component/content/article/31639-2012-10-29-06-08-59|accessdate=26 February 2013|newspaper=जनसत्ता|date=29 October 2012}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|last=Tiwari|first=Bharat|title=समंदर-सी आवाज|url=http://www.jansatta.com/index.php/component/content/article/19-2009-09-11-07-45-38/31464-2012-10-26-05-47-26|accessdate=26 February 2013|newspaper=Jansatta|date=26 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=तिवारी|first=भरत|title=‘रहमान’ और ‘सलमान’ के लिए ऑनलाइन हंट|url=http://www.bhaskar.com/article/MAG-online-talent-hunt-competitions-4078827-NOR.html|accessdate=26 February 2013|newspaper=Daink Bhaskar|date=25 November 2012}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}

Padma Sachdev

2020-04-17T14:47:31Z

Tiwaribharat:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Padma Sachdev
| image = Padma Sachdev bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 0781 May 12, 2018.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Padma Sachdev
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1940}}
| birth_place =[[Purmandal]] [[Jammu]], [[Jammu and Kashmir]], India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| occupation = Poet, writer
| language = [[Dogri language]]
| nationality = Indian
| ethnicity =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks =
| spouse = First [[Vedpal Deep]] and later [[Surinder Singh (singer)|Surinder Singh]] (1966-present)
| partner =
| children =
| relatives =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website = 
| portaldisp =
}}

'''Padma Sachdev''' (born 1940) is an Indian poet and novelist. She is the first modern woman poet of the [[Dogri language]].<ref name=Shahitya>[[#Ge|George, p. 522]]</ref> She also writes in Hindi. She has published several poetry collections, including ''Meri Kavita Mere Geet'' (My Poems, My Songs), which won the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 1971.<ref name=mathur/><ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Award |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/searchAwards.jsp |publisher=Official website |accessdate=26 Feb 2013}}</ref> She has also received the [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth highest civilian award in 2001,<ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2009)|publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/LST-PDAWD.pdf|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510095705/http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/LST-PDAWD.pdf|archivedate=2013-05-10}}</ref> and the Kabir Samman for poetry for the year 2007-08 given by [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Rashtriya Mahatma Gandhi Award to be given to Seva Bharti |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/004200808101759.htm |publisher= |date=10 August 2008 |accessdate=26 Feb 2013}}</ref>

==Personal life==

Padma Sachdev was born in [[Purmandal]], Jammu in 1940. She was the eldest of three children of a Sanskrit scholar, professor Jai Dev Badu, who was later killed during the [[partition of India]] in 1947. She first married famous Dogri poet Vedpal Deep and later married singer [[Surinder Singh (singer)|Surinder Singh]] of the musical duo "[[Singh Bandhu]]" in 1966.<ref name=hindu04>{{cite news |title=Song of the Singhs |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/05/06/stories/2004050600290300.htm |publisher=The Hindu |date=6 May 2004 |accessdate=26 Feb 2013}}</ref> She lives in [[New Delhi]].<ref name=mathur>[[#Ma|Mathur, p. 182]]</ref>

==Career==

Sachdev worked in [[All India Radio]], Jammu as an announcer since 1961. Here she met Surinder Singh, Hindustani vocalist of the Singh Bandhu musical duo, who was a duty officer at the time.<ref name=hindu04/> In the following years, she also worked with All India Radio, [[Mumbai]].<ref name=mathur/>

She wrote the lyrics of the song 'Mera chhota sa ghar baar' from the 1973 Hindi film by [[Ved Rahi]] "[[Prem Parbat]]" which had music by [[Jaidev]]. Thereafter, she wrote the lyrics of two songs of the 1978 Hindi film "Aankhin Dekhi", which had music by J.P. Kaushik including the famous duet "Sona re, tujhe kaise miloo" sung by [[Mohd Rafi]] and [[Sulakshana Pandit]].{{fact|date=April 2018}} She also wrote the lyrics along with [[Yogesh]] for the 1979 Hindi film "Saahas", which had music by Ameen Sangeet.{{fact|date=April 2018}}

 

== Works ==
''Meri Kavita Mere Geet'' (1969)

''Tavi Te Chanhan'' (Rivers Tawi and Chenab, 1976),

''Nheriyan Galiyan'' (Dark Lanes, 1982),

''Pota Pota Nimbal'' (Fingertipful Cloudless Sky, 1987),

''Uttar Vahini'' (1992)

''Tainthian'' (1997).<ref name="Shahitya" /><ref name="mathur" />

''Amrai'' (Hindi Interviews)

''Diwankhana'' (Interviews)

''Chith Chete'' (Memoirs)

 

==Awards==
* ''[http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/padma-sachdev-conferred-with-dinu-bhai-pant-life-time-award/ Dinu Bhai Pant Life Time Achievement Award]'',2017 by D.B. Pant Memorial Trust, Jammu,J&K
* ''[[Krutitava Smagra Samman]]'', 2015 by Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad, West Bengal
* ''[[Saraswati Samman]]'' , 2015 for her autobiography "Chitt-Chete" in [[Dogri language]]
* ''[[Padma Shri]]'' Award. 2001
* ''[[Sahitya Akademi Award]]'' 1971
* ''Kabir Samman'' for poetry. 2007-08

==Bibliography==

* ''Naushin''. Kitabghar, 1995.
* ''Main Kahti Hun Ankhin Dekhi'' (Travelogue). Bharatiya Gyanpith, 1995.
* *''Bhatko nahin Dhananjay''. Bharatiya Gyanpith, 1999. {{ISBN|8126301309}}.
* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=PFC6CpB_SaAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Padma+Sachdev%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ip8sUckFw4asB7DZgJAN&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false Amrai]''. Rajkamal Prakashan, 2000. {{ISBN|8171787649}}.
* ''Jammu Jo Kabhi Sahara Tha'' (Novel). Bharatiya Jnanapith, 2003. {{ISBN|8126308869}}.
*''Phira kyā huā?'', with Jnaneśvara, and Partha Senagupta. National Book Trust, 2007. {{ISBN|8123750420}}.

'''Translations'''

* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=iHgHka7KMawC&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Padma+Sachdev%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ip8sUckFw4asB7DZgJAN&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Where Has My Gulla Gone (Anthology)]''. Prabhat Prakashan, 2009. {{ISBN|8188322415}}.
* ''A Drop in the Ocean: An Autobiography''. tr. by Uma Vasudev, Jyotsna Singh. National Book Trust, India, 2011. {{ISBN|8123761775}}.

==See also==

* [[List of Indian writers]]
* [[List of Indian poets]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

===Further reading===
* {{cite book |title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Plays and prose|author=K. M. George |author2=Sahitya Akademi |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=1992|isbn=8172013248 |page= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&pg=PA522&dq=Padma+Sachdev&hl=en&sa=X&ei=65ksUaXLIs2HrAeiqYD4DQ&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Padma%20Sachdev&f=false |ref=Ge }}
* {{cite book |title=2 Decades of Dogri Literature |author=Shiv Nath |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=1997|isbn=8126003936 |page= 19|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rXruaMZ6FKAC&pg=PA19&dq=Padma+Sachdev&hl=en&sa=X&ei=magsUeHjHYXRrQeg0IHoCg&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=Padma%20Sachdev&f=false |ref=Na }}
* {{cite book |title=Aashaa: Short Stories by Indian Women Writers: Translated from Hindi and Other Indian Languages|chapter=Padma Sachdev:Introduction |author=Divya Mathur |publisher=Star Publications |year=2003|isbn=8176500755 |page= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gQSwvro50oUC&pg=PA182&dq=Padma+Sachdev&hl=en&sa=X&ei=65ksUaXLIs2HrAeiqYD4DQ&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Padma%20Sachdev&f=false |ref=Ma }}

==External links==
* [http://www.indiatogether.org/manushi/issue123/shivanath.htm Mother of Modern Dogri Poetry: A Literary Profile of Padma Sachdev]
{{Authority control}}

{{Template:Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sachdev, Padma}}
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Jammu (city)]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Dogri language]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian women novelists]]
[[Category:Indian autobiographers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi]]
[[Category:Indian women poets]]
[[Category:Indian women autobiographers]]
[[Category:Poets from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Women writers from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Novelists from Jammu and Kashmir]]

Shanti Hiranand

2020-04-10T08:06:37Z

Tiwaribharat:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shanti Hiranand
| image = Shanti Hiranand bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 2292 September 03, 2017.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Shanti Hiranand
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Classical singer
| yearsactive =
| known for = [[Hindustani music]]
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]
}}
'''Shanti Hiranand''' is an Indian vocalist, classical musician and writer, known for her proficiency as a ghazal singer.<ref name="Looking into the mirror">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/looking-into-the-mirror/article5804960.ece | title=Looking into the mirror | newspaper=The Hindu | date=19 March 2014 | accessdate=19 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="Singer profile on Underscore Records">{{cite web | url=http://underscorerecords.com/artistes/detail/133/Shanti-Hiranand | title=Singer profile on Underscore Records | publisher=Underscore Records | date=2016 | accessdate=19 January 2016}}</ref> She is the author of the book, ''Begum Akhtar: The Story of My Ammi'', a biographical work on [[Begum Akhtar]], a renowned Ghazal singer.<ref name="Begum Akhtar: The Story of My Ammi">{{cite book | url=https://www.amazon.in/dp/8130901722 | title=Begum Akhtar: The Story of My Ammi | publisher=Viva Books | author=Shanti Hiranand | year=2005 | pages=200 | isbn=978-8130901725}}</ref>

Born in a business family based in [[Lucknow]] in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], Hiranand studied at the Music College, Lucknow and later shifted to [[Lahore]], when her father relocated his business to the city.<ref name="Shanti Hiranand on Indian Raga">{{cite web | url=https://indianraga.wordpress.com/2010/12/13/shanti-hiranand/ | title=Shanti Hiranand on Indian Raga | publisher=Indian Raga | date=2016 | accessdate=19 January 2016}}</ref> Her debut music performance was on Radio Lahore in 1947 and she continued her music training in Lucknow, under the tutelage of Ustad Aijaz Hussain Khan of Rampur, when her family returned to India after the [[partition of India]].<ref name="Explaining nuances of ghazals the begum Akhtar way">{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Explaining-nuances-of-ghazals-the-begum-Akhtar-way/articleshow/16519046.cms | title=Explaining nuances of ghazals the begum Akhtar way | publisher=Times of India | date=23 September 2012 | accessdate=19 January 2016}}</ref> In 1957, she started training [[thumri]], [[dadra]] and [[ghazal]] singing under [[Begum Akhtar]] and the relationship continued till Akhtar's death in 1974; the story of the relationship is documented in Hiranand's book on Akhtar, ''Begum Akhtar: The Story of My Ammi'', published in 2005.<ref name="About the book">{{cite web | url=http://www.vivagroupindia.com/frmBookDetail.aspx?BookId=6408&Status=C | title=About the book | publisher=Viva Books | date=2016 | accessdate=19 January 2016}}</ref>

The Government of India awarded her the fourth highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Shri]], in 2007, for her contributions to [[Hindustani music]].<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2016 | accessdate=3 January 2016}}</ref> Some of her renditions have been compiled and brought out as an audio CD, ''Expressions of Love'' by Music Today.<ref name="Expressions of Love">{{cite web | url=http://mio.to/album/Shanti+Hiranand/Expressions+Of+Love | title=Expressions of Love | publisher=Music Today | date=2016 | accessdate=19 January 2016}}</ref> Hiranand lives in Lucnkow and is associated with the efforts of ''Begum Akhtar Admirer's Group'' (BAAG Trust) in converting Akhtar's house in Lucknow into a museum in memory of the singer.<ref name="In memory of Begum Akhtar">{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/In-memory-of-Begum-Akhtar/articleshow/7297205.cms | title=In memory of Begum Akhtar | publisher=Times of India | date=16 January 2011 | accessdate=19 January 2016}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Begum Akhtar]]
{{portal|India|Music}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book | title=Begum Akhtar: The Story of My Ammi | publisher=Viva Books | author=Shanti Hiranand | year=2005 | pages=200 | isbn=978-8130901725}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hiranand, Shanti}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Singers from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Indian women ghazal singers]]
[[Category:Indian ghazal singers]]
[[Category:Thumri]]
[[Category:Hindustani singers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian singers]]

{{India-singer-stub}}

Raghuvir Sahay

2020-03-25T17:22:02Z

Tiwaribharat: /* External links */

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Raghuvir Sahay
| image = Rsahay2.jpg
| imagesize =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1929|12|9}}
| birth_place = [[Lucknow]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1990|12|30|1929|12|9}}
| death_place = [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| spouse = Bimleshwari Sahay
| children = [[Manjari Joshi]], Hema Singh, Gauri Richards, Vasant Sahay
| occupation = writer, poet, translator, journalist
}}

'''Raghuvir Sahay''' (9 December 1929 – 30 December 1990)<ref>[http://www.anubhuti-hindi.org/gauravgram/rsahay/index.htm Raghuvir Sahay Biography and works] www.anubhuti-hindi.org.</ref> was a Hindi poet, short-story writer, essayist, [[literary critic]],<ref name=tri>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010422/spectrum/books.htm#7 Favouring a third front in literary criticism] [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]], 22 April 2001.</ref> translator, and journalist. He remained the chief-editor of the political-social Hindi weekly, ''Dinmaan'', 1969–82.<ref>[http://www.indowindow.com/delhimagazine/sanam/rsahay/intro.htm Raghuvir Sahay] Delhi Magazine.</ref>

He was awarded the 1984 [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in Hindi for his poetry collection, ''Log Bhool Gaye Hain'' (लोग भूल गये हैं) (They Have Forgotten, 1982).<ref name=sahitya>[http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10306.htm#hindi Hindi Sahitya Akademi Awards 1955–2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090905041354/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10306.htm |date=5 September 2009 }} [[Sahitya Akademi]] Official website.</ref><ref name=geo>{{cite web |url=http://geocities.com/indian_poets/hindi.html |title=Indian Poets Writing In Hindi |accessdate=2009-10-26 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026144551/http://geocities.com/indian_poets/hindi.html |archivedate=26 October 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* ''Sanchayita Raghuvir Sahay'' (Selected Works), comp. Krishna Kumar.
* ''Kuch pate kuch chitthiyan'' (कुछ पते कुछ चिट्ठियाँ)
* ''Log Bhool Gaye Hain'' (लोग भूल गये हैं)
* ''Atmahatya Ke Viruddh'' (आत्महत्या के विरुद्ध)
* ''Hanso Hanso Jaldi Hanso'' (हँसो हँसो जल्दी हँसो)
* ''Seedhiyon Par Dhoop Hein'' (सीढ़ियों पर धूप में)<ref name=geo/>

==Further reading==
* ''Raghuvir Sahay ki kavyanubhuti aur Kavyabhasha'', by Anantakirti Tiwari. 1996, Visvavidyalaya Prakasan
* ''Raghuvir Sahay aur Malyaz ka Alochana Karam'', "Kavita aur Samay" by Arun Kamal.<ref name=tri/>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF Raghuvir Sahay at Kavita Kosh]
* [http://www.anubhuti-hindi.org/gauravgram/rsahay/index.htm Raghuvir Sahay's poetry at Anubhuti]
* [http://www.freeindiamedia.com/poetry/29_nov_04_poetry.htm Raghuvir Sahay (English translations)]
* [https://www.shabdankan.com/2020/03/raghuvir-sahay-ki-5-behtrin-antim-kavitayen.html 5 of Raghuvir Sahay's last poems at Shabdankan]
{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Hindi}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sahay, Raghuvir}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:1990 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from Lucknow]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:Indian literary critics]]
[[Category:Hindi poets]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Journalists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]

{{India-poet-stub}}
{{India-translator-stub}}

Raag Darbari (novel)

2020-03-10T13:33:50Z

Tiwaribharat:

{{for|the raga|Darbari Kanada}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2012}}
{{infobox book | 
| name = Raag Darbari
| title_orig =
| translator = Gillian Wright
| image =
| caption =
| author = [[Sri Lal Sukla]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| series =
| genre =
| publisher = Penguin Books Ltd (Translation)
| pub_date = 1968
| media_type = Print
| pages =
| isbn = 81-267-0478-0
| isbn_note = (First edition)
| oclc = 28387263
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}

'''''Raag Darbari''''' is a satirical Hindi [[novel]] written by [[Sri Lal Sukla]], published in 1968.<ref>{{cite web | title = 'Raag Darbari': The chronicle of power and politics retold |work=The New Indian Express | url = http://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/books/article994259.ece |author=Upendra Nath Sharma|date=23 September 2012| accessdate = 2014-10-14 }}</ref><ref name="Delhi2005">{{cite book|author=University of Delhi|title=Indian Literature: An Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mivv3p-msd8C&pg=PA194|date= 2005|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-0520-9|pages=194–}}</ref> He was awarded the [[Sahitya Akademi|Sahitya Academy Award]], the highest Indian literary award, in 1969 for this novel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/akademi_awards.jsp|title=Sahitya Akademi Awards listings|publisher=Sahitya Akademi, Official website}}</ref>

The novel highlights the failing values present in [[Indian independence movement|post-Independence]] Indian society. It exposes the helplessness of intellectuals in the face of a strong and corrupt nexus between criminals, businessmen, police and politicians.<ref>{{cite web
| title = Tribute: Shrilal Shukla's work shocked India, left it naked |work= Rediff.com | url = http://www.rediff.com/news/special/tribute-shrilal-shuklas-work-had-shocked-india-left-it-naked/20111102.htm |date=3 November 2011| accessdate = 2014-10-14 }}</ref><ref>
{{cite web | title = 'A Wealth Of Experiences' |author= Gillian Wright | url = http://www.outlookindia.com/article/A-Wealth-Of-Experiences/278818 |date=1 November 2011| accessdate = 2014-10-14 }}</ref>

The novel is narrated from the point of view of Ranganath, a research student in history, who comes to live with his uncle, Vaidyaji, in a village named [[Shivpalganj]] in Uttar Pradesh for a few months. He learns how his uncle uses all the village institutions—the village school, the village [[panchayat]] (a local elected body), the local government offices for his political purpose. The conduct of his uncle and the petty village politicians is in stark contrast to the ideals that Ranganath has learnt to aspire to during his university education. The villagers take pride in calling themselves "ganjahe", originating from "ganj" (which means "place" in Hindi) of Shivpalganj.

==Plot==
The village has several characters, most notable of who is Vaidyaji — the big daddy of the village. He is assisted by his sons Badri Pehelwaan (or in English, Badri the Wrestler) and Ruppan Babu. A few more notable characters are the teachers at the village school, and the principal (whose characteristic trait is to burst into Awadhi, his native tongue, whenever he is very angry or excited).

The story does not have a fixed plot – it is merely a series of anecdotes. It also does not have a hero or protagonist. Vaidyaji's nephew, named Ranganath, visits Shivpalganj after completing his M.A. in History. His health has been failing, and the doctors have advised a visit to the countryside for him to gather his strength. It is funny how Vaidyaji (which means "healer") heals the young boy's mind in more ways than one. After his masters, Ranganath, who is a big believer in high ideals and "poetic justice", comes face to face with the hypocrisy and the meanness of the village gang. The very first incident highlights his innocence and blind faith. In order to travel to his uncle's place, Ranganath boards a truck. The driver is a rash fellow, who drives carelessly without regard for the pedestrians. After witnessing him nearly run over a few cows and sleeping shepherds, the young man is finally elated when a few police officials pull the bus over. From a distance, Ranganath watches them question the driver. Although they are trying to extort money out of the driver, it appears to Ranganath that the driver is being punished for his foul deeds. There are several such incidents, one after the other, that shatter Ranganath's high ideals and faith in justice. He is a mere spectator of the system – unable to make a mark or stand up for himself.

==Characters==
* '''Vaidyaji''': He is the mastermind behind all village politics. Very articulate in framing his sentences and choosing his words, Vaidyaji is also officially the manager of the local college.
* '''Ruppan Babu''': The younger son of Vaidyaji and the leader of college students, Ruppan Babu has remained in the 10th grade for last 10 years as he does not want to leave college, in which his father is the manager. Ruppan is actively involved in all village politics and is well respected by the village community due to his illustrious parentage. Towards the end of the novel, a gradual change can be observed in his behaviour.
* '''Badri Pehelwan''': Elder brother of Ruppan Babu. Badri keeps himself away from his father's involvements and keeps himself busy with bodybuilding exercises and taking care of his protégé.
* '''Ranganath''': An M.A. in History, Ranganath is the nephew of Vaidyaji. He has come to Shivpalganj on a vacation for about 5–6 months. It appears that the author wants to give the view of the pathetic condition in the villages through the eyes of an educated person.
* '''Chhote Pehelwan''': One of the protégé's of Badri Pehelwan, Chhote is an active participant in village politics and is a frequent participant in the meetings summoned by Vaidyaji.
* '''Principal Sahib''': As the name denotes, Principal Sahib is the principal of Chhangamal Vidyarthi Inter College. His relationship with other members of the staff in college forms an important part of the plot.
* '''Jognath''': The local goon, almost always drunk. He speaks a unique language by inserting an "F" sound between every 2 syllables.
* '''Sanichar''': His real name is Mangaldas but people call him Sanichar. He is a servant to Vaidyaji and was later made the puppet pradhaan (leader) of village with the use of political tactics by Vaidyaji.
* '''Langad''': He is a representative of the hapless common man who has to bend in front of the corrupt system, even to get small things done.

==Adaptation and Performance==
Based on Girish Rastogi's<ref>[http://girishrastogi.com/ Girish Rastogi] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610051202/http://girishrastogi.com/ |date=10 June 2013 }}</ref> adaptation of Raag Darbari, Bahroop Arts Group<ref>[http://bahroop.blogspot.in/2009/11/ranganath-ki-waapsi-based-on-novel-raag_12.html Ranganath Ki Waapsi moves to Alliance]</ref> staged "Ranganath Ki Waapsi", directed by Rajesh Singh (alumnus of [[National School of Drama]]) on 18 November 2009, at Alliance Française de New Delhi.<ref>[http://delhi.afindia.org/ Alliance Française de NEW DELHI]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raag Darbari (Novel)}}
[[Category:1968 novels]]
[[Category:Hindi-language novels]]
[[Category:Sahitya Akademi Award-winning works]]
[[Category:Satirical novels]]
[[Category:Political satire books]]
[[Category:Political corruption in India]]
[[Category:1968 Indian novels]]

* [[Roy, Pinaki]]. ''Regional Politics and Other Aspects of Shrilal Shukla's 'Raag Darbari': A Rereading''. ''Labyrinth'', 10.4 (October 2019): 7-18.

==External links==
* [https://www.shabdankan.com/2020/03/hindi-novel-raag-darbari-excerpt-mela-chale.html Hindi Novel Raag Darbari Excerpt]

Koodiyattam

2020-02-26T19:36:54Z

Tiwaribharat:

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2013}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{copy edit|date=November 2019}}
{{refimprove|date=November 2019}}
}}
[[Image:Thoranayudham- Madras1.jpg|Guru [[Mani Madhava Chakyar]] and his troupe performing ''Thoranayudham'' (part of [[Bhasa]]'s play ''Abhiṣeka Nataka'' based on the epic [[Ramayana]]) Koodiyattam (1962, Chennai). It was the first ever Koodiyattam performance outside Kerala.|thumb|right|300px]]
'''Koodiyattam''', also transliterated as '''Kutiyattam''', is a traditional performing artform in the state of [[Kerala]], India. It is a combination of ancient [[Sanskrit theatre]] with elements of [[Koothu]], a Malayalam performing art which is as old as [[Sangam era]]. It is officially recognised by [[UNESCO]] as a [[Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity|Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity]].

==Origin==
[[Image:Koodiyattam Framed 001.jpg|thumb|alt=Koodiyattam Performance.|''Koodiyattam'']]
Koodiyattam (Kutiyattam), meaning "combined acting" in [[Malayalam]], combines Sanskrit theatre performance with elements of traditional Koothu. It is traditionally performed in temple theatres known as ''Koothambalams''. It is the only surviving art form that uses drama from ancient Sanskrit theatre. It has a documented history of a thousand years in Kerala, but its origins are unknown. Koodiyattam and Chakyar Koothu were among the dramatized dance worship services in the temples of ancient India, particularly Kerala. Both Koodiyattam and Chakyar Koothu originated from ancient south Indian artform Koothu which is mentioned several times in ancient Sangam literature, and the epigraphs of the subsequent Pallava, [[Pandyan Dynasty|Pandiyan]], Chera, and [[Chola]] periods. Inscriptions related to Koothu can be seen in temples at [[Tanjore]], Tiruvidaimaruthur, Vedaranyam, [[Tiruvarur]], and Omampuliyur. They were treated as an integral part of worship services, alongside the singing of Tevaram and Prabandam hymns.

Ancient kings are amongst those listed as authors of works for these services. There is evidence of these across the ancient subcontinent during times of Cholas and Pallavas. A Pallava king called Rajasimha has been credited with authoring a play called ''kailasodharanam'' in Tamil, which has the topic of Ravana becoming subject to Siva's anger and being subdued mercilessly for this.

It is believed that Kulasekhara Varman Cheraman Perumal, an ancient king of Chera dynasty, who ruled from Mahodayapuram (modern [[Kodungallur]]), reformed Koodiyattam, introducing the local language for Vidusaka and structuring presentation of the play to well-defined units. He himself wrote two plays, ''Subhadradhananjayam'' and ''Tapatisamvarana'' and made arrangements for their presentation on stage with the help of a [[Brahmin]] friend called Tolan. These plays are still performed now. Apart from these, the plays traditionally presented include Ascaryacudamani of Saktibhadra, Kalyanasaugandhika of Nilakantha, Bhagavadajjuka of [[Bodhayana]], ''Nagananda of Harsa'', and many plays ascribed to [[Bhasa]] including Abhiseka and Pratima. The Kutiyattam performance was performed in specially designed temples called Koothambalams.
[[File:Bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 6635 June 11, 2017.jpg|thumb|Koodiyattam (Kutiyattam) performer Kapila Venu]]
== Instruments used ==
[[Image:Mizhavu.jpg|Mizhavu kept in ''mizhavana'' (a wooden box made especially to keep mizhavu).|thumb|left|200px]]
Traditionally, the main musical instruments used in Koodiyattam are [[mizhavu]], [[kuzhitalam]], [[edakka]], [[kurumkuzhal]], and [[Conch (instrument)|sankhu]]. Mizhavu, the most prominent of these is a percussion instrument that is played by a person of the Ambalavas [[Nambiar (Ambalavasi)|Nambiar caste]], accompanied by Nangyaramma playing the kuzhithalam (a type of cymbal).

== Performance style ==
[[Image:Mani Madhava Chakyar as Ravana.jpg|Guru [[Mani Madhava Chakyar]] as ''Ravana'' in Kutiyattam.|thumb|right|150px]]
Traditionally, Koodiyattam has been performed by [[Chakyar]]s (a [[Indian caste system|subcaste]] of Kerala [[Hindu]]s) and by [[Nangyaramma]] (women of the [[Ambalavasi]] [[Nambiar (Ambalavasi/Mizhavu)|Nambiar caste]]). The name Koodiyattam, meaning playing or performing together, is thought to refer to the presence or more actors on stage who act in consonance with the beats of the mizhavu drummers. Alternatively, it may also be a reference to a common practice in Sanskrit drama where a single actor who has performed solo for several nights is joined by another.<ref>{{cite news|last=Shulman|first=David|title=Creating and Destroying the Universe in Twenty-Nine Nights|url=http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2012/nov/24/creating-and-destroying-universe-twenty-nine-night/|accessdate=9 December 2012|newspaper=The New York Review of Books}}</ref>

The main actor is a Chakyar who performs the ritualistic Koothu and Koodiyattam inside the temple or in the Koothambalam. Chakyar women, [[Illotammas]], are not allowed to participate. Instead, the female roles are played by Nangyaramma. Koodiyattam performances are often lengthy and elaborate, ranging from 12 to 150 hours spread across several nights. A complete Koodiyattam performance consists of three parts. The first of these is the ''purappadu'' where an actor performs a verse along with the nritta aspect of dance. Following this is the ''nirvahanam'' where the actor, using [[abhinaya]], presents the mood of the main character of the play. The ''nirvahanam'', a retrospective, which takes the audience up to the point where the actual play begins. The final part of the performance is ''koodiyattam'' which is the play itself. While the first two parts are solo acts, Koodiyattam can have as many characters as are required to perform on the stage.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/theatre/article3631143.ece|title= All at home |publisher=The Hindu, 13 July 2012}}</ref>

The elders of the Chakyar community traditionally taught the artform to their youngsters. It was an artform performed only by Chakyars until the 1950s. In 1955 Guru [[Mani Madhava Chakyar]] performed Kutiyattam outside the temple for the first time.<ref>* {{Citation
|last=Bhargavinilayam
|first=Das
|title=Mani Madhaveeyam
|url=http://www.kerala.gov.in/dept_culture/books.htm
|publisher=Department of Cultural Affairs, [[Government of Kerala]]
|year=1999
|isbn=81-86365-78-8
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215085741/http://www.kerala.gov.in/dept_culture/books.htm
|archivedate=15 February 2008
}}
</ref> For performing the art forms outside the temples he faced many problems from the hardline Chakyar community. In his own words:

{{quote|My own people condemned my action (performing Koothu and Kutiyattam outside the precincts of the temples), Once, after I had given performances at Vaikkom, they even thought about excommunicating me.

I desired that this art should survive the test of time. That was precisely why I ventured outside the temple.<ref>''Mani Madhava Chakkyar: The Master at Work'', K.N. Panikar, Sangeet Natak Akademi New Delhi, 1994</ref>}}

In 1962, under the leadership of Dr. V. Raghavan, noted art and Sanskrit scholar, Sanskrit Ranga of Madras, invited Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar to perform Kutiyattam in Chennai. Thus for the first time in history Kutiyattam was performed outside Kerala.<ref>
{{Citation
| author=
| first=
| title=The Samskrita Ranga Annual
| url=http://www.google.co.in/books?id=a_MvAAAAIAAJ&q=mani+madhava+cakyar&dq=mani+madhava+cakyar&pgis=1
| publisher=Samskrita Ranga, Madras
| year=1963
| page= 89}}
</ref><ref>
{{Citation
| author= Venkatarama Raghavan, A. L. Mudaliar
| first=
| title=Bibliography of the Books, Papers & Other Contributions of Dr. V. Raghavan
| url=http://www.google.co.in/books?id=7t8ZAAAAMAAJ&dq=mani+madhava&lr=
| publisher=New Order Book Co., India
| year=1968
| page= 370}}</ref> They presented at Madras on three nights: Kutiyattam scenes from three plays ''Abhiṣeka'',''Subhadrādhanañjaya'' and ''Nāgānda''.<ref>
{{Citation
| author=
| first=
| title=The Samskrita Ranga Annual
| url=http://www.google.co.in/books?id=vW2O6954zhsC&q=mani+madhava+chakyar&dq=mani+madhava+chakyar&lr=&pgis=1
| publisher=Samskrita Ranga, Madras
| year=1967
| page= 77
}}
</ref>

[[Image:KoodiyattamFaceCostume.jpg|thumb|alt=Koodiyattam Performance.|Koodiyattam face makeup]]

In early 1960s Maria Christoffer Byrski, a Polish student doing research in Indian theatres at [[Banaras Hindu University]] came to study Kootiyattam with Mani Madhava Chakyar and became the first non-Chakyar/nambiar to learn the art form. He stayed in Guru's home at [[Killikkurussimangalam]] and studied the art form in traditional [[Gurukula]] way.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}

==Noted artists==
[[Image:Mani Madhava Chakyar-Sringara-new.jpg|''[[Srigara]]'' Rasa-abhinaya of guru [[Nikhilesh]].|thumb|left|150px]]
[[Image:Mani Damodara Chakyar as Nayaka.jpg|thumb|right|150px| Nayaka (Hero) King Udayana in ''Swapnavasavadattam Kutiyattam'']]
[[File:Margi madhu in koodiyattam as ravanan.JPG|thumb|right|150px| [[Margi Madhu]] as Ravanan at Nepathya]]
*[[Mani Madhava Chakyar]]<ref>''Mani Madhava Chakkyar: The Master at Work'' (English film), [[Kavalam N. Panikar]], [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], [[New Delhi]], 1994.</ref>
*[[Ammannur Madhava Chakyar]]. In the 1980s, he became one of the first Koodiyattam performers to present this art to an international audience.
*[[Moozhikkulam Kochukuttan Chakyar]] who in 1981 became the first Residential Guru at Margi, an institution promoting traditional art forms of Kerala. He was a cousin of Ammannur Madhava Chakyar.
*[[Mani Damodara Chakyar]] who is Mani Madhava Chakkiar's disciple and nephew, is also a Koodiyattam performer of traditional devotional Koodiyattams.

== A dying art form ==
Koodiyattam has traditionally been an exclusive art form performed in special venues called ''koothambalams'' in Hindu temples and access to these performances were highly restricted to only caste Hindus. Also, performances are lengthy, taking up to forty
days to complete. The collapse of the feudal order in the nineteenth century in Kerala led to a curtailment in the patronage extended to Koodiyattam artistes and they faced serious financial difficulties. Following a revival in the early twentieth century, Koodiyattam is once again facing a lack of funding, leading to a severe crisis in the profession.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00011&RL=00010 |title= Kutiyattam, Sanskrit theatre}}</ref> [[UNESCO]] has called for the creation of a network of Koodiyattam institutions and gurukalams to promote the transmission of the art form to future generations and for the development of new audiences besides fostering greater academic research in it. Natanakairali in [[Irinjalakuda]] is one of the most prominent institution in the field of Koodiyattam revival. The Margi Theatre Group in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] is another organisation dedicated to the revival of [[Kathakali]] and Koodiyattom in [[Kerala]].<ref>http://www.margitheatre.org/</ref> Also [[Nepathya(Koodiyattam)|Nepathya]] is an exclusive institution to promote Koodiyattam and related art forms working at Moozhikkulam.<ref>http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/koodiyattom-festival-begins-at-moozhikulam/article3702197.ece</ref> The [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], India's National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama, awarded the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]], the highest award for performing artists, to Kutiyattam artists like, [[Kalamandalam Sivan Namboodiri]] (2007), [[Painkulam Raman Chakyar]] (2010) and Painkulam Damodara Chakyar (2012).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm |title=SNA: List of Akademi Awardees |publisher=[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] Official website |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331060603/http://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm |archivedate=31 March 2016 }}</ref>

==Related literature and books==
[[Image:Nātyakalpadrumam.jpg|''[[Nātyakalpadrumam]]'' the master treatise on all aspects of Kutiyattam written by Guru Mani Madhva Chakyar|thumb|right|150px]]
*''[[Natyakalpadruma]]'' (1975), a [[Kerala Sahitya Academy Award]]-winning book on Koodiyattam written by Guru [[Mani Madhava Chakyar]], considered authoritative by scholars.<ref>[[Ananda K. Coomaraswamy|Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy]] and Venkateswarier Subramaniam, "The Sacred and the Secular in India's Performing Arts: [[Ananda K. Coomaraswamy]] Centenary Essays"(1980), Ashish Publishers, p. 150.</ref>
*The ''[[Nātya Shāstra]]'', an ancient work of dramatic theory [[Bharata Muni]] describes the [[Sanskrit theatre]] of the [[Gupta Empire]]; Koodiyattam is believed to preserve some aspects of the performance style of that period.
*''[[Abhinaya Darpana]]'' by [[Nandikeshvara]],another work of dramatic theory comparable to the ''Nātya Shāstra''.
*Farley Richmond, ''Kutiyattam: Sanskrit Theater of India'' (University of Michigan Press, 2002). CD-ROM featuring videos and text.
* Rajendran C, "The Traditional Sanskrit Theatre of Kerala "(University of Calicut,1989)
*Virginie Johan, « Kuttu-Kutiyattam : théâtres classiques du Kerala ». ''Revue d’histoire du théâtre'' 216, 2002-4: 365-382.
*Virginie Johan, « Pour un théâtre des yeux : l’exemple indien ». ''Coulisses 33'', 2006 : 259-274.

==See also==
[[Image:Mani damodara Chakyar-mattavilasa.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mattavilasa Prahasana|Mattavilasam]], the devotional ritualistic Kutiyattam performed at temples in northern Kerala like [[Kottiyoor]]. The artist is [[Mani Damodara Chakyar]].]]
* [[Margi Sathi]]
* [[Arts of Kerala]]
* [[Mohiniyattam]]
* [[Thulall]]
* [[Parayan Thullal]]
* [[Moozhikkulam Kochukuttan Chakyar]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

* {{Citation
| last=Chakiar
| first=Mani Madhava
| title=[[Nātyakalpadrumam]]
| publisher=[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], [[New Delhi]]
| year=1975
}}
* {{Citation
| last=Raja
| first=Kunjunni
| title=An Introduction to Kutiyattam
| publisher=[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], [[New Delhi]]
| year=1964
}}
* {{Citation
| author=[[Kavalam N. Panikar]]
| title=[[Mani Madhava Chakyar: The Master at Work (film)|Mani Madhava Chakyar: The Master at Work]]
| publisher=[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], [[New Delhi]]
| year=1994
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [[q:Mani Madhava Chakyar|Wikiquote:Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar/Kutiyattam]]
* http://kudiyattam.huji.ac.il/
* {{citation|url=http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2012/nov/24/creating-and-destroying-universe-twenty-nine-night/
|title=Creating and Destroying the Universe in Twenty-Nine Nights|first=David |last=Shulman|date=24 November 2012|periodical=The New York Review of Books}}

{{Culture of Kerala}}
{{UNESCO Oral and Intangible music}}

[[Category:Performing arts in India]]
[[Category:Dances of Kerala]]
[[Category:Theatre in India]]
[[Category:Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity]]
[[Category:Arts of Kerala]]
[[Category:Religious vernacular drama]]
[[Category:Cultural heritage of India]]
[[Category:Koodiyattam| ]]

Kaushiki Chakraborty

2020-02-23T15:45:22Z

Tiwaribharat:

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{peacock|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Kaushiki Chakraborty
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name = Kaushiki Chakraborty
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1980|10|24}}
| origin = [[Kolkata]], India
| occupation = Singer
| instrument =
| genre = [[Hindustani classical music]]
| years_active = 1992–present
| website ={{url|kaushikichakraborty.com}}
}}
''' Vidushi Kaushiki Chakraborty''' ({{lang-bn|কৌশিকী চক্রবর্তী}}; born 24 October 1980) is an [[Hindustani classical music|Indian classical]] vocalist and the daughter of [[Ajoy Chakraborty]]. Groomed at [[ITC Sangeet Research Academy|Sangeet Research Academy]], she is one of the exponents of [[Patiala gharana]].<ref name=Music>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/kaushiki-chakraborty-mn0000769140|title=Kaushiki Chakraborty: Artist Biography|accessdate=15 January 2016|publisher=All Muic.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/spectrum/society/voice-of-punjab-is-bengali/740552.html|title=Voice of Punjab is Bengali|accessdate=21 July 2019|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]}}</ref> Her singing repertoire covers [[Khyal]]s and [[Thumri]]s, the latter being 'semi-classical' or 'light classical' styles. She has been recipient of many national and international awards such as the 2005 [[BBC Radio 3 Awards for World Music]] in Asia/Pacific category, and has performed at many national and international festivals and conferences. She has held performances with her husband Parthasarathi Desikan in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.atlantadunia.com/dunia/News/N223.htm|title=Kaushiki Chakraborty Desikan and Partha Desikan delight Atlanta|accessdate=15 January 2016|publisher= atlantadunia.com}}</ref>

==Early life==

Chakraborty was born in 1980 in [[Kolkata]], India. She is the daughter of Chandana Chakraborty and the renowned Indian classical singer Pdt. [[Ajoy Chakraborty]] . From the age of two she exhibited a keen interest in music. She had accompanied her father in his world tours of music performances since the late 1980s and had sung her first song, a [[tarana]], at age 7, at the Calcutta Rowing Club<ref name=Dual>{{Cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120911/jsp/entertainment/story_15960400.jsp|title= Kaushiki's dual role|date= 11 September 2012|accessdate=15 January 2016|work=The Telegraph|location=Kolkota}}</ref>. At age ten, she started learning Indian classical music at the academy of [[Jnan Prakash Ghosh]] who was also her father's guru, later joined [[ITC Sangeet Research Academy]] from where she graduated in 2004,<ref name=Hall/><ref name=Lusk>{{Cite web|last=Lusk|first=Jon|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/world/awards2005/profile_kaushikichakraborty.shtml|title=Winner 2005 Kaushiki Chakraborty (India)|year=2005|accessdate=14 January 2016|publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref name= Banerjee/> and was also groomed by her father. Vijay Kichlu, director of the academy fine tuned her skill in rendering [[Khyal]]. She also trained under her father at his [[Shrutinandan]] school of music in Kolkata. She has not only specialized in rendering of Khyals and Thumri but she has also learned [[Carnatic music|South Indian Classical music]] from [[Balamurali Krishna]] from 2002.<ref name=Lusk/><ref name= Banerjee>{{Cite news|last= Banerjee |first= Meena|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/05/29/stories/2009052950150300.htm|title= Thinking of khayal in Bengal|date=29 May 2009|accessdate=14 January 2016|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> She completed her schooling at Patha Bhavan school, [[Kolkata]]. In 2002, she graduated from the [[Jogamaya Devi College]], an affiliated undergraduate women's college of the [[University of Calcutta]], in Kolkata with a first class degree in philosophy. She did her masters in philosophy from [[Jadavpur University]], Kolkata, with top honours.<ref name= Taan>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main46.asp?filename=hub250910The_Gril.asp|title=The Girl with the Runaway Taan: Tehelka Magazine, Vol 7, Issue 38|date=25 September 2010|accessdate=14 January 2016|work=Tehelka Magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216031319/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main46.asp?filename=hub250910The_Gril.asp|archive-date=16 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jogamayadevicollege.org/history.htm|title= History of the College|accessdate=14 January 2016|publisher=Jogmayadevi College}}</ref>

==Career==
[[File:Kaushiki Chakrabarty 2013.JPG|right|thumb|Kaushiki Chakraborty performing in Sawai Gandharva in 2013]]
Chakraborty has participated in many major concerts. Apart from rendering Khyals in her performances she has also occasionally adopted contemporary form of Indian pop music.<ref name=Music/> She performed at the [[Dover Lane Music Conference]] from the age of 20 and continued participating for the next 5 years. In her recitals she presents a mature and often with rhythmical swing succeeded by unrestrained [[Taan (music)|taans]] in three and-a-half octaves.<ref name= Taan/> In the two-day celebration in honour of vocalist [[Kishori Amonkar]] in recognition of her 60 years contribution to music held at [[Pune]] on 14 February 2011, Kaushiki rendered raga [[Todi]]. Two other artists, Kalapini Komkali of the [[Gwalior gharana]] and Nandini Bedekar of the [[Jaipur-Atrauli gharana]], also rendered songs in the same raga Todi at the same venue during the morning session. [[Bharat Kamat]] on the [[tabla]] and Suyog Kundalkar on the [[harmonium]] provided support to all three artists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_the-blend-of-three-gharanas-a-musical-experience-beyond-words_1507614|title= The blend of three 'gharanas', a musical experience beyond words|date= 14 February 2011|accessdate=14 January 2016|work= Daily News and Analysis}}</ref> In the unique musical sessions organized by Mumbai's [[National Centre for the Performing Arts (India)|National Centre for the Performing Arts]] (NCPA), ragas in different time-cycles were presented on 18 September 2011 by three vocalists which included Kaushiki, [[Ulhas Kashalkar]], and [[Devaki Pandit]]. This rendering was a departure from the normal evening concerts, and the ragas were sung in time periods appropriate to each raga, starting from early morning till evening.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/An-experience-of-Dawn-to-Dusk-raags/849735/|title= An experience of Dawn to Dusk raags|date= 22 September 2011|accessdate=14 January 2016|newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref>

In the early stages of her career, in August 2003, Chakraborty gave a live performance in London which was released as the record "Pure". Her father had accompanied her on harmonium on this occasion.<ref name=Music/> She also performed at the [[ITC SRA Sangeet Sammelan|ITC Sangeet Sammelan]] in India, the Spring Festival of Music (California), [[Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival|Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Sangeet Mahotsav]] and Parampara Program (Los Angeles).<ref name= Mathur>{{Cite news|last=Mathur|first= Barkha|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Classical-vocalist-Kaushiki-Chakraborty-to-perform-in-city-today/articleshow/50059515.cms|title=Classical vocalist Kaushiki Chakraborty to perform in city today|date=6 December 2015|accessdate=14 January 2016|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> For her musical performances she has been acclaimed as "torchbearer of the Patiala tradition".<ref name=Desikan/>

===Talk show===
Chakraborty hosts a weekly talk-show with singers in the entertainment channel [[Ruposhi Bangla]]. The talk-show named "Gaan-Golpo ar Gaan" (Songs, Stories and Songs), aired on Sundays, presents music and gossip. She presents Bengali songs such as Classical, [[Rabindra Sangeet]], [[Nazrulgeeti]], [[Folk music]], [[Toppa]], [[Adhunik]], [[Bangla Bands]], Film songs, and Remixes. Her guests who have appeared on this show are Banasree Sengupta, [[Subhamita]], [[Lopamudra Mitra]] and her husband music director [[Joy Sarkar]], her father, [[Ajoy Chakraborty]], as the guests.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ruposhibangla.in/index.php?bmkey=20|title= Gaan Golpo aar Gaan|accessdate=14 January 2016|publisher=News Time}}</ref>

==Musical group==
Chakraborty has formed an exclusive women's musical group called the "Sakhi" (meaning friend) which is a forerunner in classical music in the country to "celebrate womanhood" and as a dedication to the famous mythological and historical woman of India – [[Ganga]], [[Saraswati]], [[Durga]], [[Lakshmi]], [[Draupadi]], [[Kunti]], [[Sita]], [[Radha]] and [[Meera]]. The first programme of the group was planned to be held on 20 January 2015 at Kalamandir, Mumbai. Kaushiki was the vocalist and the other members of this group were [[Shaoni Talwalkar]] on the tabla, [[Mahima Upadhyay]] on the [[pakhwaj]], [[Debopriya Chatterjee]] on flute, [[Nandini Shankar]] on the violin while the [[Kathak]] dance performance was to be performed by [[Bhakti Deshpande]]. They are daughters or grand daughters or disciples of famous Hindustani musicians.<ref name= Chowdhury>{{Cite news|last= Chowdhury|first= Tathagata Ray |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/Kaushiki-Chakraborty-forms-first-all-womens-classical-band-Sakhi/articleshow/45940344.cms|title=Kaushiki Chakraborty forms first all women's classical band, Sakhi |date=19 January 2015 |accessdate=14 January 2016 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> Chakraborty presented this musical ensemble with her group at the [[Carnegie Hall]] in October 2015; the programme was of 90 minutes duration.<ref name=Hall>{{Cite web|url=http://www.carnegiehall.org/Calendar/2015/10/16/0830/PM/Kaushiki-Chakrabortys-Sakhi/|title=Kaushiki Chakraborty's Sakhi:Women in Indian Music|date=16 October 2015|accessdate=15 January 2016|publisher= Carnegiehall Organization}}</ref>

==Awards and recognitions==
Chakraborty has been the recipient of many awards. She received the Jadu Bhatta award in 1995, favourably mentioned and appreciated after her opening song at the 27th annual ITC Sangeet Sammelan in New Delhi in 1998, and received Outstanding Young Person in 2000. She received the BBC Award (2005) for outstanding achievement in music when she was 25 years old. On receiving this award she was praised "as one of the brightest emerging artists in Indian vocal music" and as critic Ken Hunt said "we are talking superlatives".<ref name=Music/><ref name= Taan/><ref name=Lusk/> BBC also made a short film featuring her musical journey – which covered people and places linked with her music.<ref name= Taan/> She has also received [[Sangeet Natak Academy]]'s Ustad Bismillah Khan Puraskar 2010 for Hindustani Vocal Music,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=80742|title=Ustad Bismillah Khan Yuva Puraskar 2010 Presented|accessdate=15 January 2016|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> and the 2013 Aditya Birla Kalakiran Puraskar.<ref name=Hall/> she has also received "Shera Bangali Samman 2017" by ABP ANANDA

==Personal life==
Chakraborty married Parthasarathi Desikan, also a professional singer in Hindustani music, in 2004 and they have a son, Rishith.<ref name=Desikan>{{cite web|last=Biswas|first=Jaya|title=Are Kaushiki and Parthasarathi back together?|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/Are-Kaushiki-and-Parthasarathi-back-together/articleshow/39609459.cms}}</ref>

==Performances==
Chakraborty's discography includes "Footsteps," a solo debut in 1998, and "A Journey Begins" (2002). Her album "Pure" in 2004 was a record of her performance in London on 30 August 2003.<ref name=Lusk/> She has also sung a ''[[kirtan]]'' at [[Coke Studio (Pakistan)|MTV Coke Studio]] – Season 2 – song name – Lagi Lagi with [[Shantanu Moitra]] & [[Swanand Kirkire]].<ref name= Mathur/> Her other popular song recordings are for movies ''[[Water (2005 film)|Water]]'', ''[[Thirumanam Enum Nikkah]]''(2014) and ''[[Kutti Puli]]'' (2013).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1982578/|title=Kaushiki Chakraborty|accessdate=15 January 2016|publisher= IMDb }}</ref> Rituparno Ghosh had asked her father to permit Chakraborty to act in his films but he refused saying that it would interfere with her musical career. However, she appeared in only one song sequence in the film ''[[Chitrangada: The Crowning Wish|Chitrangada]]'' which sang herself. She has sung songs for movies, such as her first song for the film ''Chaplin'', ''[[Teen Kanya]],'' a Hindi song ''Rahoon tere peechhey'' for ''Paanch Adhyay'', ''[[Gulaab Gang]].'' About her performances she says: "But I never try to act like a 60-year-old because I’m not that. Superimposed seriousness would just be a thing of pretense, not me. I like to sit on stage and chat with my audience, not close my eyes and alienate myself."<ref name=Dual/>

==Recordings==
Chakraborty has released her Audio Cd album titled "''The Best of Kaushiki Chakraborty.''"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.in/The-Best-Kaushiki-Chakraborty-Chakraborty/dp/B00AO6CW3S|title=The Best of Kaushiki Chakraborty|accessdate=15 January 2016|publisher=Amazon.com}}</ref> Some of her other classical audio recordings are: [[Dhrupad]] [[Alap]] in [[Poorvi]] raga, Dhrupad in Poorvi raga, Khayal in [[Bageshree]] raga (in [[teen taal]]), Khayal in Bageshree raga (in [[ektaal]]), and [[Varnam]] in [[Swarashtram]] raga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://imusti.com/#!/artists/info/26268/Kaushiki|accessdate=15 January 2016|publisher=iMusti India Pvt. Ltd|title=Kaushiki Chakraborty|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625035621/http://imusti.com/#!/artists/info/26268/Kaushiki|archive-date=25 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Movies===

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;"
! Year !! Song !! Film !! Co-Singer !! Composer !! Lyricist
|-
|2020
|Teri Arzoo Mein
|Shikara
|Papon
|Sandesh Shandilya
|Irshad Kamil
|-
|rowspan="1" |2018|| Naanaagiya Nadhimoolamae || ''[[Vishwaroopam II]]'' || [[Kamal Haasan]], Master Karthik Suresh Iyer || [[Ghibran]] || [[Kamal Haasan]]
|-
|rowspan="1" |2016|| Kaaga || ''[[Mirzya (film)|Mirzya]]'' || None || [[Shankar Ehsaan Loy]] || [[Gulzar]]
|-
|rowspan="1" |2015|| Kichu Kichu Kotha || ''[[Lorai(film)|Lorai]]'' || Arijit Singh || [[Indradeep Dasgupta]] || [[Prasen and Srijato]]
|-
|rowspan="2" |2014|| Thuli Thuliyay || ''[[Ramanujan (film)|Ramanujan]]'' || [[Ramesh Vinayakam]] || [[Ramesh Vinayakam]] || [[Na. Muthukumar]]
|-
| Jaa Urey || ''[[Hrid Majharey]]'' || None || [[Mayookh Bhaumik]] || [[Kaushik Ganguly]]
|-
|rowspan="6" |2013|| Basonar Gaan || ''[[Goynar Baksho]]'' || None || [[Rabindranath Tagore]] / [[Debojyoti Mishra]] || [[Rabindranath Tagore]] / [[Debojyoti Mishra]]
|-
| Chillenra Chillenra || ''[[Thirumanam Ennum Nikkah]]'' || [[Sundar Narayana Rao]] || [[Ghibran]] || Kaathal Mathi, Munna Shauqat Ali
|-
| Hridoy Aamar Nache Re || ''[[Shunyo Awnko]]'' || None || [[Rabindranath Tagore]] || [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
|-
|Aloy Alokmoy Kore || ''[[Shunyo Awnko]]'' || None || [[Rabindranath Tagore]] || [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
|-
| Emoni Barasha Chhilo Sedin || ''[[Shunyo Awnko]]'' || None || [[Kamal Dasgupta]] || Pranab Roy
|-
| Rabso Neha Laage ([[Bilaval]] [[Bandish]]) || ''[[Shunyo Awnko]]'' || [[Ajoy Chakraborty]] || [[Gautam Ghose]] || [[Gautam Ghose]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|2012|| Bhalobashi || ''[[Teen Kanya (2012 film)|Teen Kanya]]'' || None || [[Indradeep Dasgupta]] || [[Srijato]]
|-
| Rahoon Tere Peechhe Peechhe || ''[[Paanch Adhyay]]'' || None || [[Shantanu Moitra]] || [[Swanand Kirkire]]
|-
|rowspan="2" |2011|| Paata Jhora Brishti || ''Chaplin'' || [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]] || [[Indradeep Dasgupta]] || [[Srijato]]
|-
| Phire Ja Re Mon Ja || ''[[Jaani Dyakha Hawbe]]'' || None || [[Indradeep Dasgupta]] || [[Srijato]]
|-
|rowspan="1" |2005|| Vaishnava Jana To || ''[[Water (2005 film)|Water]]'' || [[Ajoy Chakraborty]] || [[A. R. Rahman]] (Arranger) || Poet-Saint [[Narsinh Mehta]]
|}

==Albums appeared==
* 2002– A Journey Begins
* 2005– Hamaaro Pranaam
* 2005– Water
* 2007– Rageshri
* 2007– Pure
* 2008– Jhanak
* 2010– Jag Do Din Ka Mela
* 2011– Manomay
* 2011– Kaushiki
* 2011– Jaani Dyakha Hawbe
* 2012– Paanch Adhyay (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
* 2013– Boon
* 2013– Hanuman.com
* 2013– Shunyo Awnko
* 2013– Thirumanam Enum Nikkah
* 2014– Parapaar (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
* 2014– Gulaab Gang
* 2014– Ramanujan
* 2014– Sondhey Naamar Aagey (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
* 2014– Hrid Majharey (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
* 2015– Karvaan
* 2015– Kadambari (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
* 2015– Family Album (Original Motion Picture Soundtracks)
* 2016– Mirzya
* 2017– Kaushikis Sakhi
* 2017– Arani Takhon (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
* 2017– Gaayeja

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://kaushikichakraborty.com/ Official website]
* [http://www.atlantadunia.com/dunia/News/N223.htm Georgia World Congress Center]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140625035621/http://imusti.com/#!/artists/info/26268/Kaushiki Musical Collections of Kaushiki Chakraborty]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakraborty, Kaushiki}}
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Hindustani singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Jogamaya Devi College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Women Hindustani musicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:Indian female classical singers]]
[[Category:Women musicians from West Bengal]]

Kaushiki Chakraborty

2020-02-22T20:11:46Z

Tiwaribharat:

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{peacock|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Kaushiki Chakraborty
| background = solo_singer
| image = Kaushiki Chakraborty bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 0183 January 11, 2018-2.jpg
| caption = Kaushiki Chakraborty performing at the Swami Haridas Tansen Sangeet Nritya Mahotsav, New Delhi, organised by [[Uma Sharma]] at [[Modern School (New Delhi)]] on January 11, 2018.
| birth_name = Kaushiki Chakraborty
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1980|10|24}}
| origin = [[Kolkata]], India
| occupation = Singer
| instrument =
| genre = [[Hindustani classical music]]
| years_active = 1992–present
| website ={{url|kaushikichakraborty.com}}
}}
''' Vidushi Kaushiki Chakraborty''' ({{lang-bn|কৌশিকী চক্রবর্তী}}; born 24 October 1980) is an [[Hindustani classical music|Indian classical]] vocalist and the daughter of [[Ajoy Chakraborty]]. Groomed at [[ITC Sangeet Research Academy|Sangeet Research Academy]], she is one of the exponents of [[Patiala gharana]].<ref name=Music>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/kaushiki-chakraborty-mn0000769140|title=Kaushiki Chakraborty: Artist Biography|accessdate=15 January 2016|publisher=All Muic.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/spectrum/society/voice-of-punjab-is-bengali/740552.html|title=Voice of Punjab is Bengali|accessdate=21 July 2019|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]}}</ref> Her singing repertoire covers [[Khyal]]s and [[Thumri]]s, the latter being 'semi-classical' or 'light classical' styles. She has been recipient of many national and international awards such as the 2005 [[BBC Radio 3 Awards for World Music]] in Asia/Pacific category, and has performed at many national and international festivals and conferences. She has held performances with her husband Parthasarathi Desikan in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.atlantadunia.com/dunia/News/N223.htm|title=Kaushiki Chakraborty Desikan and Partha Desikan delight Atlanta|accessdate=15 January 2016|publisher= atlantadunia.com}}</ref>

==Early life==

Chakraborty was born in 1980 in [[Kolkata]], India. She is the daughter of Chandana Chakraborty and the renowned Indian classical singer Pdt. [[Ajoy Chakraborty]] . From the age of two she exhibited a keen interest in music. She had accompanied her father in his world tours of music performances since the late 1980s and had sung her first song, a [[tarana]], at age 7, at the Calcutta Rowing Club<ref name=Dual>{{Cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120911/jsp/entertainment/story_15960400.jsp|title= Kaushiki's dual role|date= 11 September 2012|accessdate=15 January 2016|work=The Telegraph|location=Kolkota}}</ref>. At age ten, she started learning Indian classical music at the academy of [[Jnan Prakash Ghosh]] who was also her father's guru, later joined [[ITC Sangeet Research Academy]] from where she graduated in 2004,<ref name=Hall/><ref name=Lusk>{{Cite web|last=Lusk|first=Jon|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/world/awards2005/profile_kaushikichakraborty.shtml|title=Winner 2005 Kaushiki Chakraborty (India)|year=2005|accessdate=14 January 2016|publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref name= Banerjee/> and was also groomed by her father. Vijay Kichlu, director of the academy fine tuned her skill in rendering [[Khyal]]. She also trained under her father at his [[Shrutinandan]] school of music in Kolkata. She has not only specialized in rendering of Khyals and Thumri but she has also learned [[Carnatic music|South Indian Classical music]] from [[Balamurali Krishna]] from 2002.<ref name=Lusk/><ref name= Banerjee>{{Cite news|last= Banerjee |first= Meena|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/05/29/stories/2009052950150300.htm|title= Thinking of khayal in Bengal|date=29 May 2009|accessdate=14 January 2016|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> She completed her schooling at Patha Bhavan school, [[Kolkata]]. In 2002, she graduated from the [[Jogamaya Devi College]], an affiliated undergraduate women's college of the [[University of Calcutta]], in Kolkata with a first class degree in philosophy. She did her masters in philosophy from [[Jadavpur University]], Kolkata, with top honours.<ref name= Taan>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main46.asp?filename=hub250910The_Gril.asp|title=The Girl with the Runaway Taan: Tehelka Magazine, Vol 7, Issue 38|date=25 September 2010|accessdate=14 January 2016|work=Tehelka Magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216031319/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main46.asp?filename=hub250910The_Gril.asp|archive-date=16 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jogamayadevicollege.org/history.htm|title= History of the College|accessdate=14 January 2016|publisher=Jogmayadevi College}}</ref>

==Career==
[[File:Kaushiki Chakrabarty 2013.JPG|right|thumb|Kaushiki Chakraborty performing in Sawai Gandharva in 2013]]
Chakraborty has participated in many major concerts. Apart from rendering Khyals in her performances she has also occasionally adopted contemporary form of Indian pop music.<ref name=Music/> She performed at the [[Dover Lane Music Conference]] from the age of 20 and continued participating for the next 5 years. In her recitals she presents a mature and often with rhythmical swing succeeded by unrestrained [[Taan (music)|taans]] in three and-a-half octaves.<ref name= Taan/> In the two-day celebration in honour of vocalist [[Kishori Amonkar]] in recognition of her 60 years contribution to music held at [[Pune]] on 14 February 2011, Kaushiki rendered raga [[Todi]]. Two other artists, Kalapini Komkali of the [[Gwalior gharana]] and Nandini Bedekar of the [[Jaipur-Atrauli gharana]], also rendered songs in the same raga Todi at the same venue during the morning session. [[Bharat Kamat]] on the [[tabla]] and Suyog Kundalkar on the [[harmonium]] provided support to all three artists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_the-blend-of-three-gharanas-a-musical-experience-beyond-words_1507614|title= The blend of three 'gharanas', a musical experience beyond words|date= 14 February 2011|accessdate=14 January 2016|work= Daily News and Analysis}}</ref> In the unique musical sessions organized by Mumbai's [[National Centre for the Performing Arts (India)|National Centre for the Performing Arts]] (NCPA), ragas in different time-cycles were presented on 18 September 2011 by three vocalists which included Kaushiki, [[Ulhas Kashalkar]], and [[Devaki Pandit]]. This rendering was a departure from the normal evening concerts, and the ragas were sung in time periods appropriate to each raga, starting from early morning till evening.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/An-experience-of-Dawn-to-Dusk-raags/849735/|title= An experience of Dawn to Dusk raags|date= 22 September 2011|accessdate=14 January 2016|newspaper=The Indian Express}}</ref>

In the early stages of her career, in August 2003, Chakraborty gave a live performance in London which was released as the record "Pure". Her father had accompanied her on harmonium on this occasion.<ref name=Music/> She also performed at the [[ITC SRA Sangeet Sammelan|ITC Sangeet Sammelan]] in India, the Spring Festival of Music (California), [[Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival|Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Sangeet Mahotsav]] and Parampara Program (Los Angeles).<ref name= Mathur>{{Cite news|last=Mathur|first= Barkha|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Classical-vocalist-Kaushiki-Chakraborty-to-perform-in-city-today/articleshow/50059515.cms|title=Classical vocalist Kaushiki Chakraborty to perform in city today|date=6 December 2015|accessdate=14 January 2016|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> For her musical performances she has been acclaimed as "torchbearer of the Patiala tradition".<ref name=Desikan/>

===Talk show===
Chakraborty hosts a weekly talk-show with singers in the entertainment channel [[Ruposhi Bangla]]. The talk-show named "Gaan-Golpo ar Gaan" (Songs, Stories and Songs), aired on Sundays, presents music and gossip. She presents Bengali songs such as Classical, [[Rabindra Sangeet]], [[Nazrulgeeti]], [[Folk music]], [[Toppa]], [[Adhunik]], [[Bangla Bands]], Film songs, and Remixes. Her guests who have appeared on this show are Banasree Sengupta, [[Subhamita]], [[Lopamudra Mitra]] and her husband music director [[Joy Sarkar]], her father, [[Ajoy Chakraborty]], as the guests.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ruposhibangla.in/index.php?bmkey=20|title= Gaan Golpo aar Gaan|accessdate=14 January 2016|publisher=News Time}}</ref>

==Musical group==
Chakraborty has formed an exclusive women's musical group called the "Sakhi" (meaning friend) which is a forerunner in classical music in the country to "celebrate womanhood" and as a dedication to the famous mythological and historical woman of India – [[Ganga]], [[Saraswati]], [[Durga]], [[Lakshmi]], [[Draupadi]], [[Kunti]], [[Sita]], [[Radha]] and [[Meera]]. The first programme of the group was planned to be held on 20 January 2015 at Kalamandir, Mumbai. Kaushiki was the vocalist and the other members of this group were [[Shaoni Talwalkar]] on the tabla, [[Mahima Upadhyay]] on the [[pakhwaj]], [[Debopriya Chatterjee]] on flute, [[Nandini Shankar]] on the violin while the [[Kathak]] dance performance was to be performed by [[Bhakti Deshpande]]. They are daughters or grand daughters or disciples of famous Hindustani musicians.<ref name= Chowdhury>{{Cite news|last= Chowdhury|first= Tathagata Ray |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/Kaushiki-Chakraborty-forms-first-all-womens-classical-band-Sakhi/articleshow/45940344.cms|title=Kaushiki Chakraborty forms first all women's classical band, Sakhi |date=19 January 2015 |accessdate=14 January 2016 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> Chakraborty presented this musical ensemble with her group at the [[Carnegie Hall]] in October 2015; the programme was of 90 minutes duration.<ref name=Hall>{{Cite web|url=http://www.carnegiehall.org/Calendar/2015/10/16/0830/PM/Kaushiki-Chakrabortys-Sakhi/|title=Kaushiki Chakraborty's Sakhi:Women in Indian Music|date=16 October 2015|accessdate=15 January 2016|publisher= Carnegiehall Organization}}</ref>

==Awards and recognitions==
Chakraborty has been the recipient of many awards. She received the Jadu Bhatta award in 1995, favourably mentioned and appreciated after her opening song at the 27th annual ITC Sangeet Sammelan in New Delhi in 1998, and received Outstanding Young Person in 2000. She received the BBC Award (2005) for outstanding achievement in music when she was 25 years old. On receiving this award she was praised "as one of the brightest emerging artists in Indian vocal music" and as critic Ken Hunt said "we are talking superlatives".<ref name=Music/><ref name= Taan/><ref name=Lusk/> BBC also made a short film featuring her musical journey – which covered people and places linked with her music.<ref name= Taan/> She has also received [[Sangeet Natak Academy]]'s Ustad Bismillah Khan Puraskar 2010 for Hindustani Vocal Music,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=80742|title=Ustad Bismillah Khan Yuva Puraskar 2010 Presented|accessdate=15 January 2016|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> and the 2013 Aditya Birla Kalakiran Puraskar.<ref name=Hall/> she has also received "Shera Bangali Samman 2017" by ABP ANANDA

==Personal life==
Chakraborty married Parthasarathi Desikan, also a professional singer in Hindustani music, in 2004 and they have a son, Rishith.<ref name=Desikan>{{cite web|last=Biswas|first=Jaya|title=Are Kaushiki and Parthasarathi back together?|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/Are-Kaushiki-and-Parthasarathi-back-together/articleshow/39609459.cms}}</ref>

==Performances==
Chakraborty's discography includes "Footsteps," a solo debut in 1998, and "A Journey Begins" (2002). Her album "Pure" in 2004 was a record of her performance in London on 30 August 2003.<ref name=Lusk/> She has also sung a ''[[kirtan]]'' at [[Coke Studio (Pakistan)|MTV Coke Studio]] – Season 2 – song name – Lagi Lagi with [[Shantanu Moitra]] & [[Swanand Kirkire]].<ref name= Mathur/> Her other popular song recordings are for movies ''[[Water (2005 film)|Water]]'', ''[[Thirumanam Enum Nikkah]]''(2014) and ''[[Kutti Puli]]'' (2013).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1982578/|title=Kaushiki Chakraborty|accessdate=15 January 2016|publisher= IMDb }}</ref> Rituparno Ghosh had asked her father to permit Chakraborty to act in his films but he refused saying that it would interfere with her musical career. However, she appeared in only one song sequence in the film ''[[Chitrangada: The Crowning Wish|Chitrangada]]'' which sang herself. She has sung songs for movies, such as her first song for the film ''Chaplin'', ''[[Teen Kanya]],'' a Hindi song ''Rahoon tere peechhey'' for ''Paanch Adhyay'', ''[[Gulaab Gang]].'' About her performances she says: "But I never try to act like a 60-year-old because I’m not that. Superimposed seriousness would just be a thing of pretense, not me. I like to sit on stage and chat with my audience, not close my eyes and alienate myself."<ref name=Dual/>

==Recordings==
Chakraborty has released her Audio Cd album titled "''The Best of Kaushiki Chakraborty.''"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.in/The-Best-Kaushiki-Chakraborty-Chakraborty/dp/B00AO6CW3S|title=The Best of Kaushiki Chakraborty|accessdate=15 January 2016|publisher=Amazon.com}}</ref> Some of her other classical audio recordings are: [[Dhrupad]] [[Alap]] in [[Poorvi]] raga, Dhrupad in Poorvi raga, Khayal in [[Bageshree]] raga (in [[teen taal]]), Khayal in Bageshree raga (in [[ektaal]]), and [[Varnam]] in [[Swarashtram]] raga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://imusti.com/#!/artists/info/26268/Kaushiki|accessdate=15 January 2016|publisher=iMusti India Pvt. Ltd|title=Kaushiki Chakraborty|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625035621/http://imusti.com/#!/artists/info/26268/Kaushiki|archive-date=25 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Movies===

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;"
! Year !! Song !! Film !! Co-Singer !! Composer !! Lyricist
|-
|2020
|Teri Arzoo Mein
|Shikara
|Papon
|Sandesh Shandilya
|Irshad Kamil
|-
|rowspan="1" |2018|| Naanaagiya Nadhimoolamae || ''[[Vishwaroopam II]]'' || [[Kamal Haasan]], Master Karthik Suresh Iyer || [[Ghibran]] || [[Kamal Haasan]]
|-
|rowspan="1" |2016|| Kaaga || ''[[Mirzya (film)|Mirzya]]'' || None || [[Shankar Ehsaan Loy]] || [[Gulzar]]
|-
|rowspan="1" |2015|| Kichu Kichu Kotha || ''[[Lorai(film)|Lorai]]'' || Arijit Singh || [[Indradeep Dasgupta]] || [[Prasen and Srijato]]
|-
|rowspan="2" |2014|| Thuli Thuliyay || ''[[Ramanujan (film)|Ramanujan]]'' || [[Ramesh Vinayakam]] || [[Ramesh Vinayakam]] || [[Na. Muthukumar]]
|-
| Jaa Urey || ''[[Hrid Majharey]]'' || None || [[Mayookh Bhaumik]] || [[Kaushik Ganguly]]
|-
|rowspan="6" |2013|| Basonar Gaan || ''[[Goynar Baksho]]'' || None || [[Rabindranath Tagore]] / [[Debojyoti Mishra]] || [[Rabindranath Tagore]] / [[Debojyoti Mishra]]
|-
| Chillenra Chillenra || ''[[Thirumanam Ennum Nikkah]]'' || [[Sundar Narayana Rao]] || [[Ghibran]] || Kaathal Mathi, Munna Shauqat Ali
|-
| Hridoy Aamar Nache Re || ''[[Shunyo Awnko]]'' || None || [[Rabindranath Tagore]] || [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
|-
|Aloy Alokmoy Kore || ''[[Shunyo Awnko]]'' || None || [[Rabindranath Tagore]] || [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
|-
| Emoni Barasha Chhilo Sedin || ''[[Shunyo Awnko]]'' || None || [[Kamal Dasgupta]] || Pranab Roy
|-
| Rabso Neha Laage ([[Bilaval]] [[Bandish]]) || ''[[Shunyo Awnko]]'' || [[Ajoy Chakraborty]] || [[Gautam Ghose]] || [[Gautam Ghose]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|2012|| Bhalobashi || ''[[Teen Kanya (2012 film)|Teen Kanya]]'' || None || [[Indradeep Dasgupta]] || [[Srijato]]
|-
| Rahoon Tere Peechhe Peechhe || ''[[Paanch Adhyay]]'' || None || [[Shantanu Moitra]] || [[Swanand Kirkire]]
|-
|rowspan="2" |2011|| Paata Jhora Brishti || ''Chaplin'' || [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]] || [[Indradeep Dasgupta]] || [[Srijato]]
|-
| Phire Ja Re Mon Ja || ''[[Jaani Dyakha Hawbe]]'' || None || [[Indradeep Dasgupta]] || [[Srijato]]
|-
|rowspan="1" |2005|| Vaishnava Jana To || ''[[Water (2005 film)|Water]]'' || [[Ajoy Chakraborty]] || [[A. R. Rahman]] (Arranger) || Poet-Saint [[Narsinh Mehta]]
|}

==Albums appeared==
* 2002– A Journey Begins
* 2005– Hamaaro Pranaam
* 2005– Water
* 2007– Rageshri
* 2007– Pure
* 2008– Jhanak
* 2010– Jag Do Din Ka Mela
* 2011– Manomay
* 2011– Kaushiki
* 2011– Jaani Dyakha Hawbe
* 2012– Paanch Adhyay (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
* 2013– Boon
* 2013– Hanuman.com
* 2013– Shunyo Awnko
* 2013– Thirumanam Enum Nikkah
* 2014– Parapaar (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
* 2014– Gulaab Gang
* 2014– Ramanujan
* 2014– Sondhey Naamar Aagey (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
* 2014– Hrid Majharey (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
* 2015– Karvaan
* 2015– Kadambari (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
* 2015– Family Album (Original Motion Picture Soundtracks)
* 2016– Mirzya
* 2017– Kaushikis Sakhi
* 2017– Arani Takhon (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
* 2017– Gaayeja

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://kaushikichakraborty.com/ Official website]
* [http://www.atlantadunia.com/dunia/News/N223.htm Georgia World Congress Center]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140625035621/http://imusti.com/#!/artists/info/26268/Kaushiki Musical Collections of Kaushiki Chakraborty]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakraborty, Kaushiki}}
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Hindustani singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Jogamaya Devi College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Women Hindustani musicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:Indian female classical singers]]
[[Category:Women musicians from West Bengal]]

Namvar Singh

2020-02-19T07:37:48Z

Tiwaribharat:

{{short description|Hindi linguist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Namvar Singh
| image = bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 2504 June 06, 2015.jpg
| caption = Namvar Singh speaking at the lauch of 'Aalochana' vol 53-54 (published by [[Rajkamal Prakashan]]), at Rabindra Bhawan, [[Sahitya Akademi]]<ref>https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/rajkamal-prakashan-bhartiya-jantantra-ka-jayja-discussion-sahitya-akademy-1-815739.html</ref>
| native_name = नामवर सिंह
| native_name_lang =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1926|07|28}}
| birth_place = [[Varanasi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2019|02|19|1926|07|28|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Delhi]], India
| language = [[Hindi]]
| alma_mater = [[Banaras Hindu University]]
| notableworks = ''Kavita Ke Naye Pratiman'', '' Chhayavaad '', '' Dusari Parampara Ki Khoj ''
| occupation = Writer, critic
| awards = 1971: [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] 1991: Shalaka Samman,Sahitya Bhushan Samman, Kuvempu Rashtreeya Puraskar
| relatives = [[Kashinath Singh]] (brother)
| nationality = Indian
}}

'''Namvar Singh''' (28 July 1926 – 19 February 2019) was an Indian literary critic, linguist, academician and theoretician.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Hindi-author-Namwar-Singh-bucks-the-trend-questions-writers-returning-Sahitya-Akademi-awards/articleshow/49429237.cms|title=Hindi author Namwar Singh bucks the trend}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/politics/namvar-singh-what-will-marx-think|title=Namvar Singh: What Will Marx Think?|website=Open}}</ref> He received his doctorate degree from Banaras Hindu University where he also taught for some time. He served as a professor of Hindi literature in several other universities. He was the founder and first chairman of [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]'s Centre of Indian Languages and continued to remain as a professor emeritus after his retirement in 1992.

==Early life==
Singh was born on 28 July 1926 in Jiyanpur village in [[Varanasi]] (now under [[Chandauli district|Chandauli]]) District of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref name="auto" /> He received his early education there. He then moved to Varanasi to pursue his further studies and did his matriculation and higher secondary education at [[Udai Pratap Autonomous College]], Varanasi.<ref name="auto" /> He enrolled in [[Banaras Hindu University]] (BHU) for higher studies, where he completed his bachelor's in 1949 and master's master's with gold medal in 1951. He got the Ph.D. under the supervision of [[Hazari Prasad Dwivedi]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rajkamalprakashan.com/default/jmproducts/filter/index/?author=112|title=Authors of Rajkamal Prakashan Group | Namvar Singh|website=www.rajkamalprakashan.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4kDLPwWxO48C&pg=PA435&lpg=PA435&dq=namvar+singh&source=bl&ots=L1zFnCZ68r&sig=FQ_62MD_uyD13FNBxg9ozvtBJj0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiirujZz5LUAhVJKo8KHYq3DR84HhDoAQgwMAI#v=onepage&q=namvar+singh&f=false|title=Namvar Singh : Aalochna Ke Dusre Arampara|first1=Namwar|last1=Singh|first2=Kamalā|last2=Prasāda|first3=Rājendra|last3=Śarmā|date=20 February 2002|publisher=Vāṇī Prakāśana|via=Google Books}}</ref> His younger brother [[Kashinath Singh]] is also a writer.<ref name="NDTV_death" />

==Career==
After completing his Ph.D., Singh started teaching at Banaras Hindu University. For a brief period he also taught at [[Sagar University]]. His association with the two universities ended due to his [[communist]] activities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/books/namwar-singh-and-the-perils-of-inconsistency|title=From Red to Saffron, the Literary Journey of Namvar Singh|website=The Wire}}</ref> He later became a professor of Hindi at [[Jodhpur University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/anything-but-epic/article7309931.ece|title=Anything but epic|first=Kuldeep|last=Kumar|date=12 June 2015|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> At [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (JNU), he created a new pattern of teaching and prepared the curriculum. He was the founder and first chairman of JNU's Centre of Indian Languages.<ref name="pustakNamvar">{{cite web |title=नामवर सिंह संकलित निबंध – नामवर सिंह Namvar Singh Sankalit Nibandh – Hindi book by – Namvar Singh |url=https://pustak.org/index.php/books/bookdetails/7830 |website=pustak.org |accessdate=20 February 2019}}</ref> He retired from JNU in the year 1992. After his retirement, he served as a professor emeritus at the Center of Indian Languages at JNU.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news |title=मशहूर आलोचक डॉ नामवर सिंह को दी गई साहित्य अकादमी की महत्तर सदस्यता |url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/literature/litterateur-namvar-singh-honoured-by-sahitya-akademi-1674266 |accessdate=20 February 2019 |work=NDTVIndia}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/prof-namvar-singh-to-be-conferred-kuvempu-rashtreeya-puraskar-114092200722_1.html|title=Prof. Namvar Singh to be conferred Kuvempu Rashtreeya Puraskar|date=22 September 2014|via=Business Standard}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jnu.ac.in/Administration/ProfessorEmeritus.asp|title=Professors Emeritus/Emerita, JNU|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115201938/http://www.jnu.ac.in/Administration/ProfessorEmeritus.asp|archivedate=15 November 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In 1959, Singh unsuccessfully contested the [[Elections in India|general election]] as a [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI) candidate from the [[Chandauli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandauli]] constituency in [[Uttar Pradesh]]. He polled over 18,000 votes, finishing a distant third. 5b <ref name="NDTV_death" />

Apart from his academic engagement, Singh worked as the editor of a weekly news magazine ''Janyuga'', and ''Alochana'', a Hindi magazine for literary criticism.<ref name="NDTV_death" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vjsHCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT322&lpg=PT322&dq=Namvar+singh+award&source=bl&ots=PPHzbqhTAY&sig=FZQmuGP3g5MuHD48NyGhJl4SIX4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiprvyTgJPUAhVKqY8KHX-dBL84HhDoAQg1MAI#v=onepage&q=Namvar+singh+award&f=false|title=Today's Pasts: A Memoir|first=Bhisham|last=Sahni|date=10 November 2015|publisher=Penguin UK|via=Google Books}}</ref> Following his retirement from JNU he was appointed as the Chancellor of [[Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya]], Wardha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2006/06/26/namwar-singh-appointed-chancellor-of-international-hindi-university-1151328010.html|title=Namwar Singh appointed Chancellor of International Hindi University|date=26 June 2006|website= Oneindia }}</ref> He also worked as the chairman of the [[Raja Rammohun Roy]] Library Foundation.<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IBB8drHUz7YC&pg=PR10&lpg=PR10&dq=Namvar+singh+RRMRLF&source=bl&ots=oK5QMf6Y7y&sig=w717XOase-smHyqOCa-TedBu_Xk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi95Lvtg5PUAhUNTI8KHZUQA2UQ6AEINjAD#v=onepage&q=Namvar+singh+RRMRLF&f=false|title=National Policy on Library and Information Systems and Services for India: Perspectives and Projections|first=Brahmanda Pratap|last=Barua|date=20 February 1992|publisher=Popular Prakashan|via=Google Books}}</ref> Singh also served as the chairman of the selection board for the [[Jnanpith Award]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jnanpith.net/awards/jnanpith-award|title=JNANPITH AWARD, Present Selection Board}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-authors/marathi-novelist-bhalchandra-nemade-chosen-for-jnanpith-award/article6865738.ece|title=Marathi novelist Bhalchandra Nemade chosen for Jnanpith award|first=Satish|last=Nandgaonkar|date=6 February 2015|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

Namvar Singh died on 19 February 2019 in [[Delhi]] at the age of 92.<ref name="NDTV_death">{{cite news |title=Acclaimed Hindi Author Namvar Singh Dies At 92 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/acclaimed-hindi-author-namvar-singh-dies-at-92-1996217 |accessdate=20 February 2019 |work=NDTV.com |date=20 February 2019}}</ref>

==Selected works==
Singh has authored more than a dozen books.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forwardpress.in/2016/06/namvars-kabir/|title=Namvar’s Kabir|first=Kamlesh Verma कमलेश|last=वर्मा|date=15 June 2016|website=Forward Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsbharati.com/Encyc/2016/7/28/Namvar-Singh-Contribution-Hindi-Literature|title=Namvar Singh gets felicitated}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=147932|title=Shri Rajnath Singh Felicitates Prof. Namvar Singh at ‘First Cultural Dialogue Series’ of IGNCA|website=pib.nic.in}}</ref> Some of his works are:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7107006.Namvar_Singh|title=Namvar Singh|website=www.goodreads.com}}</ref>
* ''Kavita Ke Naye Pratiman'' {{ISBN|978-8-1267-0744-7}}<ref name="NDTV_death" />
* ''Chhayavaad'' {{ISBN|978-8-1267-0736-2}}<ref name="NDTV_death" />
* ''Dusari Parampara Ki khoj'' {{ISBN|978-8-1267-1591-6}}<ref name="NDTV_death" />
* ''Itihaas Aur Alochana'' {{ISBN|978-8-1267-0510-8}}


==Awards and recognition==
* [[Kendra Sahitya Academy Award|''Kendra Sahitya Akademi'' Award]] (1971) for his work ''Kavita Ke Naye Pratiman''.<ref name="NDTV_death" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/akademi%20samman_suchi.jsp|title=Akademi Award (1955–2016)}}</ref>
* ''Shalaka Samman'' by Hindi Academy, Delhi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bharatdiscovery.org/india/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8|title=शलाका सम्मान - Bharatkosh|website=bharatdiscovery.org}}</ref>
* ''Sahitya Bhushan Samman'' by Uttar Pradesh Hindi Sansthan<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/vishesh-aalekh/story/835855.html|title=90 के नामवर : साहित्यिक योगी का जीवन जीते रहे हैं नामवर सिंह}}</ref>
* ''Kuvempu Rashtriya Puraskar'' by Rashtrakavi Kuvempu Prathisthana<ref name="auto3"/>
* ''Bharat Bharati Samman''<ref name="pustakNamvar" />
* [[D.Litt.]] by [[University of Hyderabad]]<ref name="pustakNamvar" />

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Hindi}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Namvar}}
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from Varanasi]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University alumni]]

Ravuri Bharadhwaja

2020-02-18T15:09:13Z

Tiwaribharat: Added his photo taken by me.

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Ravuri Bharadwaja
| image = Ravuri Bharadhwaja bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 8916 October 11, 2013.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Ravuri Bharadhwaja
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1927|07|05}}
| birth_place = [[Moguluru]], [[Krishna District]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2013|10|18|1927|07|05}}<ref name=obit/>
| death_place = [[Hyderabad]], India
| resting_place =
| occupation = Writer
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| education = 7th grade
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = Paakudu Raallu
| spouse = Kantham
| children = 5 ( 4 sons and 1 daughter)
| relatives =
| awards = [[Jnanpith Award]]
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| portaldisp =
}}

'''Rāvūri Bharadvāja''' (1927 – 18 October 2013) was a [[Jnanpith award]] winning [[Telugu people|Telugu]] novelist, short-story writer, poet and critic.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DbX4HAAACAAJ&dq=Ravuri+Bharadwaja&hl=en&ei=Cc2mS9mBOMyXtgeb3fDBDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBDge |title=Telugulō smr̥ti sāhityaṃ-Bharadvāja racanalu: siddhānta vyāsaṃ - Vai. E. Viśālākṣmi - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=2013-10-19}}</ref> He wrote 37 collections of [[Short story|short stories]], seventeen [[novel]]s, four play-lets, and five [[radio play]]s. He also contributed profusely to [[children's literature]]. ''Paakudu Raallu'', a graphic account of life behind the screen in [[film industry]], is considered his magnum opus. ''Jeevana Samaram'' is another of his popular works.

He could not study beyond class 7 but earned fame through his short stories, poetry and critical reviews. He had done several odd jobs but later worked in weeklies and also in All India Radio.

He received honorary doctorates, a Central Sahitya Akademi award and ultimately the Jnanpith award. He was only the third Telugu writer to be honoured with the country's highest literary award. He was awarded the 48th Jnanpith award for the year 2012 which was announced on 17 April 2013 for his contribution to Telugu literature through many notable works.

Ravuri died in Hyderabad on 18 October 2013.<ref name=obit>{{cite web|author=Special Correspondent |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/jnanpith-winner-ravuri-no-more/article5250163.ece |title=Jnanpith winner Ravuri no more |publisher=The Hindu |date= |accessdate=2013-10-19}}</ref>

==Education==
He was born in [[Moguluru]] village, [[Krishna District]].<ref>http://www.drravuribharadwaja.com/biograghy.php</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131019/news-current-affairs/article/telugu-writer-ravuri-passes-away | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207064726/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131019/news-current-affairs/article/telugu-writer-ravuri-passes-away | archivedate=7 February 2015 | title=Telugu writer Ravuri passes away|date=19 October 2013 | newspaper=Deccan Chronicle | accessdate=24 June 2018 }}</ref> He was educated till Class 7 only. However his books are used as course works in B.A, M.A and there have even been several PhD degrees awarded for research on his works. He got honorary doctorates from Andhra, Nagarjuna, Vignan and Jawaharlal Nehru Technological Universities for his literary prowess.<ref>{{cite web|author=Special Correspondent |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ravuri-gets-jnanpith-award/article4627060.ece |title=Ravuri gets Jnanpith Award |publisher=The Hindu |date=2013-04-17 |accessdate=2013-10-19}}</ref>

==Awards==
Bharadhwaja has been twice awarded the State Sahitya Academy Award for Literature and in 1983 was the winner of the [[Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award|Central Sahitya Academy Award]]. In 1968, he was the inaugural recipient of the Gopichand Literary Award. He was conferred the [[Sri Raja-Lakshmi Foundation|Rajalakshmi Award]] for Literature in 1987 and the Lok Nayak Foundation's Literary Award in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/05/stories/2008120560680600.htm |title=Andhra Pradesh News : Lok Nayak award for Ravuri Bharadwaja |publisher=The Hindu |date=2008-12-05 |accessdate=2013-10-19}}</ref><ref>http://en.newspeg.com/Lok-Nayak-award-for-Ravuri-Bharadwaja-19594320.html</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Staying true to life|url=http://www.thehindu.com/books/books-authors/staying-true-to-life/article4653446.ece?homepage=true|accessdate=26 April 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=25 April 2013}}</ref> In 2013, Ravuri Bharadhwaja became the third Telugu author to be conferred the [[Jnanpith award]] for his contribution to Telugu literature.<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite news|title=Ravuri gets Jnanpith Award|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ravuri-gets-jnanpith-award/article4627060.ece|accessdate=26 April 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 April 2013}}</ref>

==Works==
He has 37 collections of short stories, 17 novels, six short novels for children and eight plays to his credit.<ref name="thehindu1"/>
*''Phantomy quintette and other stories'', Translator Purush, India Balaji Grandha Mala, 1970
*''Love's labour lost and other stories'', Rāvūri Bharadvāja, Translator Purush, M. Seshachalam, 1975
*''Ad infinitum: featurised poetic story'', Rāvūri Bharadvāja, Balaji Grandhamala, 1987
*''Kaumudi translated by Navnit Madrasi'', 1988
*''Un Aankhon ki katha: (short story)''. Bharatiya Jnanpith, 1991
*''Ripple-marks: readings from Bharadwaja's Eegiac pentad''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*''60 years and after: about Dr. Ravuri Bharadwaja'', Purush, s.n., 1987
*''Telugulō smr̥ti sāhityaṃ-Bharadvāja racanalu: siddhānta vyāsaṃ'', Vai. E. Viśālākṣmi, Śrīsatyasāyi Pracuraṇalu, 1998

==External links==
*[http://lokabhiramam.blogspot.com/2009/11/ravuri-bharadwaja-drops-of-light.html "Ravuri Bharadwaja - Drops of Light", ''Lokabhiramam'', 30 November 2009]
{{Jnanpith Award}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bharadwaja, Ravuri}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Telugu]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Jnanpith Award]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Krishna district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Novelists from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

Rajya Sabha TV

2020-02-18T13:18:29Z

Tiwaribharat: /* Programmes */ added detailsof the show Guftagoo and added a photo of the host taken by me.

{{Refimprove|date=July 2015}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}

{{Infobox television channel
| name = Rajya Sabha TV
| logofile = Rajya_Sabha_TV_logo.jpg| logocaption =
| logoalt =
| launch = {{Start date|2011|08|26|df=y}}
| picture format = [[16:9]] ([[576i]], [[SDTV]]) [[16:9]] ([[1080p]], [[HDTV]])
| closed date =

| share =
| share as of =
| share source =
| owner = [[Rajya Sabha]]
| slogan =
| country = India
| language = English and Hindi
| broadcast area = Worldwide
| headquarters = 3rd Floor (& 4th Floor), Talkatora Stadium Annexe Building, [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]] (110001), India
| former names =
| replaced names =
| replaced by names =
| sister names = [[Lok Sabha TV]]
| timeshift names =
| web = {{url|http://www.rstv.nic.in/}}
| terr serv 1 =
| terr chan 1 =
| sat serv 1 = '''[[d2h]]'''
| sat chan 1 = Channel 330
| sat serv 2 = '''[[Tata Sky]]'''
| sat chan 2 = Channel 599
| sat serv 3 =
| sat chan 3 =
| cable serv 1 = '''[[DEN Networks]]'''
| cable chan 1 = Channel 322
| cable serv 2 = '''[[Asianet Digital]]'''
| cable chan 2 = Channel 526
| cable serv 3 = Available on all cable providers
| cable chan 3 = Check local listings
| sat radio serv 1 =
| sat radio chan 1 =
| iptv serv 1 =
| iptv chan 1 =
| online serv 1 = Available free to all internet users
| online chan 1 = {{url|http://rstv.nic.in/live-tv}}
| 3gmobile serv 1 =
|online serv 2=Youtube Channel|online chan 2={{url|http://www.youtube.com/user/rajyasabhatv}}}}

'''Rajya Sabha TV (RSTV)''' is a cable television network channel owned and operated by [[Rajya Sabha]] that covers the proceedings of [[Rajya Sabha]] (the Upper House of the [[Parliament of India]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rajyasabhatv.com/about-us|title=About Us - Rajya Sabha TV|website=Rajvasabhatv.com|accessdate=25 July 2018}}</ref> Apart from telecasting live coverage of Rajya Sabha proceedings, RSTV also brings incisive analysis of parliamentary affairs.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=https://rstv.nic.in/about-us |website=Rajya Sabha TV|title=About Us - Rajya Sabha TV}}</ref> While focusing on current national and international affairs, it provides a platform for knowledge-based programmes for the discerning viewer. The channel offers special attention to legislative business undertaken by the Parliament.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rstv.nic.in/about-us |website=Rajya Sabha TV|title=About Us - Rajya Sabha TV}}</ref>

Conscious of its role as a public broadcaster, RSTV has conceptualised programmes on the basis of the vibrant relationship between the Parliament and the people of India.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rstv.nic.in/about-us |website=Rajya Sabha TV|title=About Us - Rajya Sabha TV}}</ref> It aims at providing an objective perspective on national and international affairs to the people.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rstv.nic.in/about-us |website=Rajya Sabha TV|title=About Us - Rajya Sabha TV}}</ref> RSTV touches upon all the aspects of political, economic, social and cultural life of the people, while promoting scientific temper among masses.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rstv.nic.in/about-us |website=Rajya Sabha TV|title=About Us - Rajya Sabha TV}}</ref>

Currently, the CEO of Rajya Sabha TV is Manoj Pandey.<ref name=":0" />

With a vision to document the story of how the [[Constitution of India]] was created, Rajya Sabha TV has produced the 10-part TV mini-series ''[[Samvidhaan (TV Series)|Samvidhaan]]'', which was directed by the noted film director [[Shyam Benegal]].<ref>[http://ibnlive.in.com/news/samvidhaan-shyam-benegals-tv-series-on-indian-constitution/424789-44-124.html Samvidhaan: Shyam Benegal's TV series on Indian constitution – IBNLive]. Ibnlive.in.com (26 September 2013).</ref><ref>[http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/shyam-benegal-samvidhaan-not-just-for-present-generation-469278 Shyam Benegal: Samvidhaan not just for present generation]. NDTV (10 January 2014).</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Suzanne-Bernert-Narendra-Jha-in-Samvidhaan/movie-review/24136577.cms Suzanne Bernert &Narendra Jha in Samvidhaan]. ''The Times of India''.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3562784/|title=Samvidhaan: The Making of the Constitution of India|accessdate=25 July 2018|website=IMDb.com}}</ref>

Rajya Sabha TV has also produced a tele-serial and film, [[Raag Desh (film)|Raag Desh]], on the trial of [[Indian National Army trials|Indian National Army]] officers during British rule. The serial/ film was directed by [[Tigmanshu Dhulia]].

==Programmes==
Rajya Sabha TV is among a few bi-lingual channels in India, telecasting in the most popular language in India, i.e. Hindi (which is also India's official language) and English.

Rajya Sabha TV telecasts 7 news bulletins, 4 in Hindi and 3 in English. Rest of its programming consists of daily and weekly shows, and special programmes.

The following is a list of programmes that are telecast on daily/ weekly basis on Rajya Sabha TV:

*''Vishesh'': daily (Mon-Fri) feature programme, which analyses a topical issue in detail, in Hindi.
*In Depth: daily (Mon-Fri) feature programme, which analyses a topical issue in detail, in English.

*''Desh Deshantar'': daily (Mon-Sat) programme, which discusses a topic of current national or international importance with experts in the field, in Hindi.
*''Big Picture'': daily (Mon-Sat) programme, which discusses an important national or international current topic with experts in the field, in English.
*''Pulse'': weekly audience-based programme on current issues, in English.
*''Sarokar'': weekly audience-based panel discussion on current social issues, in Hindi.
*''Ayushman Bhav'': weekly programme on health matters in which audience questions are also taken, in Hindi.
*''Aapkka Kanoon'': weekly show in which legal experts discuss common legal issues and guide viewers how to deal with them. Audience queries are also taken during the programme, in Hindi.
*''Laws in the Making'': weekly feature show on important bills in different stages of their journey in Parliament or its committees, in English.
*''Virasat'': biopic series on the life and work of eminent personalities in the field of art, literature, culture and film, in Hindi.
*[[File:Syed Mohd Irfan bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 1451 May 27, 2019.jpg|thumb|Syed Mohd Irfan]]''Guftagoo'': weekly talk show with eminent personalities in the fields of culture and music, in Hindi. Guftagoo, the only uninterrupted Bollywood celebrity show on Indian television. The other Irfan: host of a popular personality-based TV show: Syed Mohd Irfan .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/guftagoo-the-only-uninterrupted-bollywood-celebrity-show-on-indian-television/story-UbEgXaEB9k6mtjvu6zFwkL.html|title=Guftagoo, the only uninterrupted Bollywood celebrity show on Indian television|date=2017-08-19|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2020-02-18}}</ref>
*''Indian Standard Time'': weekly interview-based show with visiting foreign dignitaries and intellectuals.
*''India's World'': weekly programme covering major world events of the week, in discussion with diplomats and analysts, in English.
*''Policy Watch'': weekly show featuring discussion of policy matters, in English.
*''Shakhsiyat'': weekly show of conversation with eminent personalities in the fields of culture and music, in Hindi.
*''Arthniti'': weekly interview-based show with key decision makers and analysts regarding topical subjects in the field of economy, in Hindi.
*''Sara Jahan'': weekend television magazine of major international events of the week, in Hindi.
*''Security Scan'': weekly discussion-based programme on defence matters, in English.

== Important features and achievements ==
Rajya Sabha TV is a 'must carry' channel in India, and all television service providers (Direct to Home as well as cable TV providers) must carry this channel, as mandated in the [https://mib.gov.in/sites/default/files/ADVISORY_for_mandatory_DD_Channels.pdf advisory issued by the Indian government] in 2015 and still in force.

In recent years, Rajya Sabha TV has gained prominence among Indian news and current affairs television channels. Its YouTube channel now has over 4 million subscribers<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rstv.nic.in/rstvs-youtube-channel-crossed-4-million-subscribers-mark.html|title=RSTV crosses 4 million subscribers on YouTube|last=RSTV|first=|date=2 January 2020|website=Rajya Sabha TV|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=29 January 2020}}</ref>, much ahead of other channels in the same/ similar niches. Now about a million subscribers are added every six months. Some of its shows have been viewed millions of times on [https://www.youtube.com/user/rajyasabhatv/ YouTube].

On [[Broadcast Audience Research Council|BARC]], the audience measurement system for television channels in India, daily programmes of Rajya Sabha TV figure among the top viewed programmes.

The telecast of live proceedings of the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of Indian parliament) done by Rajya Sabha TV is carried live by most other channels in their news telecasts, without cost or attribution unless used in programmes.

The audience of Rajya Sabha TV comprises mostly the youth interested in a balanced analysis of a current affairs topic, especially those appearing in top competitive examinations.

== See also ==
* [[Lok Sabha TV]]
* [[Doordarshan]]
* [[Legislature broadcaster]]
* [[:Category:Legislature broadcasters]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official|https://rstv.nic.in/}}
* {{YouTube|u=rajyasabhatv|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}

{{Parliamentary broadcasters}}

[[Category:Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Indian television networks]]
[[Category:Legislature broadcasters]]
[[Category:Television stations in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Media companies based in Delhi]]
[[Category:Companies based in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2011]]
[[Category:Media companies established in 2011]]
[[Category:Parliament of India]]

Sadia Dehlvi

2020-02-18T12:16:57Z

Tiwaribharat:

{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Sadia Dehlvi (also known as Sadia Sayyed Karamat Ali<ref name="web_archive_Sadia"/>)
|image = Sadia Dehlvi bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 8301 July 19, 2017.jpg
|alt =
|caption =
|birth_date = 1957
|birth_place = [[Delhi]]
|death_date = 
|death_place =
|other_names =
|known_for =
|occupation = activist, columnist, writer
|nationality = Indian
}}

'''Sadia Dehlvi''' (born 1957) is a [[Delhi]]-based media person, activist, writer and a columnist with the daily newspaper, the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', and frequently published in ''[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]'' and [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]] and [[English language|English]] newspapers and magazines.<ref>[http://dohanetwork.org/content/2009-list-participants-dehlvi Profile] Doha Network.</ref> She is known to be a devotee of [[Khwaja Gharib Nawaz]] of [[Ajmer]] and [[Nizamuddin Auliya]] of Delhi. She is popularly known for criticizing radical interpretations of Islam and calls for a pluralistic understanding of Islam. Dehlvi has produced and scripted a number of documentaries and television programs, including ''Amma and Family'' (1995), starring [[Zohra Sehgal]], a veteran stage actor.

==Biography==
Sadia Dehlvi was born in Delhi in 1957. Her grandfather was Yusuf Dehlvi and father is Yunus Dehlvi who lived in Shama Ghar on Sardar Patel Road, in New Delhi where she was born. The one-time cultural hub of Delhi, today it houses [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] headquarters, (since 2002).<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mayas-elephant-house-rises-in-the-rubble-of-delhis-cultural-hub/453158/1 Maya’s elephant house rises in the rubble of Delhi’s cultural hub] ''[[The Indian Express]]'', 1 May 2009.</ref> Her surname 'Dehlvi" ([[Dehlavi (name)|Dehlavi]]) means someone from Delhi reflecting her family's long association with this old city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thedelhiwalla.blogspot.ca/2007/12/language-cuisine-and-culture-of-muslim.html |title="Delhi's Muslim Culture is Dying" - Interview with Sadia Dehlvi |website=the delhiwalla.blogspot.ca |publisher=The Delhi Walla |access-date=May 12, 2017}}</ref>

For over thirty years Dehlvi has engaged in voicing concern on issues regarding heritage, culture, women and Muslim communities. She lives with her teenage son in New Delhi. In April 2009 Dehlvi published a book on Sufism entitled ''Sufism: The heart of Islam'' published by HarperCollins Publishers, India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wisemuslimwomen.org/muslimwomen/bio/sadia_dehlvi/ |title=Sadia Dehlvi |website=wisemuslimwomen.org |publisher=WISE |access-date=12 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914113509/http://www.wisemuslimwomen.org/muslimwomen/bio/sadia_dehlvi/ |archive-date=14 September 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Her second book, ''The Sufi Courtyard: Dargahs of Delhi'', detailing Delhi's Sufi history was also published by HarperCollins, India and released in February 2012.

She edited ''Bano'' an Urdu women's journal for the Shama Group, a renowned name in Urdu publishing which published ''Shama'' an Urdu literary and film monthly. It eventually closed in 1987.<ref>{{cite book |title= India of My Dreams|last= Kumar |first=Surendra |authorlink= |author2=Pradeep Kumar Kapur |year=2008 |publisher=Academic Foundation |location= |isbn=81-7188-689-2 |page= Page 213|pages= |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jcLihj0Yzi0C&pg=PA213&lpg=PA213&dq=Sadia+Dehlvi&source=bl&ots=FIQ_0a-wtB&sig=e2AYlrPMMYF220PJEnQrO-iZEGE&hl=en&ei=QApvSpzfJ4v66gPIpPjABA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10|accessdate=28 July 2009}}</ref>

Dehlvi was a close friend and confidante of the late author [[Khushwant Singh]]. Singh's book ''Not a Nice Man to Know'' was dedicated to her. He wrote, "To Sadia Dehlvi, who gave me more affection and notoriety than I deserve." Singh's book, ''Men and Women in my Life'' includes an entire chapter on her and the cover has her photo. In 1998, Dehlvi produced a television show, ''Not a Nice man to Know'' with Khushwant Singh interviewing women from various fields.

Dehlvi won acclaim for her television series starring the veteran actress [[Zohra Sehgal]] ''Amma and Family'' that broke the stereotypical portrayal of a Muslim family. Dehlvi co-produced and scripted the series, also playing one of the main roles.

==Personal life==
She married a Pakistani citizen, Reza Pervaiz, in 1990. She then stayed in [[Karachi]] for while, where the couple had a son, Armaan in 1992.April 8, 2002.<ref>[http://indianmuslims.in/delhis-able-daughter-sadia-dehlvi/ Delhi’s Able Daughter: Sadia Dehlvi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071205040501/http://indianmuslims.in/delhis-able-daughter-sadia-dehlvi/ |date=5 December 2007 }} by Raza Rumi. 24 February 2007.</ref><ref name="cities.expressindia.com">[http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=17189 ‘I am not looking for social approval’]{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''[[The Indian Express]]'', 10 May 2002.</ref> This marriage lasted for 12 years but ended in a divorce when Pervaiz emailed her "[[Talaq]]" three-times. Sadiya believes that her divorce is the first electronic termination of marriage in India but felt relieved as she had already broken up with her ex-husband long back. She later married 45-year-old Sayyed Karamat Ali, whom she met at Hazrat Shah Farhad, a Sufi shrine in Delhi, which she has been visiting for the last 20 years, and proudly referred to herself as Sadia Sayyed Karamat Ali. <ref name="web_archive_Sadia">
{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071202101757/http://www.rediff.com/search/2002/apr/08sadia.htm|date=December 02, 2007 |title='Divorce by Email- Sadia Dehalvi shares her experience of ending a marriage online'}}
</ref>

==Book on Sufism==
Dehlvi wrote a book ''Sufism: The Heart of Islam'' in which she details Islam's rich Sufi traditions and the importance of the Sufi message of love, tolerance and brotherhood. The book is a personal journey where she argues that Sufism is the preserved spiritual path of Islam. She draws upon a range of Muslim texts and traditions to argue that Sufism is not an innovation, but the continuity of a thought process that links Muslims to their religious predecessors all the way to the Prophet. The book delves on the lives of the Sufis, their literature, and their philosophies that emphasise on the purification of the heart. It highlights major Sufi orders, particularly in the subcontinent and the impact of their teachings on the devotional aspect of Islam. She says,"Growing up in an Irish convent boarding school, I regularly went to church, sang Christmas carols, baked Easter eggs and imbibed Christian values. During annual holidays a maulana, a religious teacher, came home to teach the Quran to all the children. He instilled the fear of God into us, with the result that fear remained the only emotion that the heart felt for the Creator. Somehow, this overwhelming fear kept me connected to Allah, despite often wanting to break away completely..." <ref>http://twocircles.net/2010sep07/book_review_sufism_heart_islam.html#.VdhJzfmqqko</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://harpercollins.co.in/BookDetail.asp?Book_Code=2534 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-08-22 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100912020021/http://www.harpercollins.co.in/BookDetail.asp?Book_Code=2534 |archivedate=12 September 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Stances==
Dehlvi has taken a conservative stance [http://www.ibnlive.com/news/constraining-creativity-have-the-extremists-won/53421-3.html] in the recent controversy over [[Taslima Nasreen]].{{What|date=July 2019}}{{dead link|date=July 2019}}

==Author==
* ''Sufism, The Heart of Islam'', [[Harpercollins]], 2009. {{ISBN|81-7223-797-9}}.<ref>[http://www.flipkart.com/sufism-sadia-dehlvi-heart-islam/8172237979-yv23f838lb Sufism...]</ref>
* "Dilli ka Dastarkhwan" – chapter in ''City Improbable : An Anthology of Writings on Delhi''/edited by Khushwant Singh. New Delhi, Viking, 2001, xv, 286 p., $22. {{ISBN|0-670-91235-2}}.<ref>[https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no22752.htm Vedambooks]</ref>
* {{cite book |title=The Sufi Courtyard: Dargahs of Delhi |author=Sadia Dehlvi|authorlink=|publisher=Harper Collins |year=2012|isbn=93-5029-095-2|page= }}

==Works==
'''As Actress:'''
* ''Zindagi Kitni Khoobsoorat Hai'' (2001) TV series
* ''Amma and Family'' (1995) TV series

'''Producer:'''
* ''Not a Nice Man to Know'' (1998) TV series (associate producer)

'''Writer:'''
* ''Amma and Family'' (1995) TV series

==Awards==
* Sadia Dehlvi received the Best Journalist Award in 1989{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

==Further reading==
* [http://www.outlookindia.com/peoplefnl.aspx?author=Sadia%20Dehlvi&pid=4827 Sadia Dehlvi columns] [[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]
*[http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=0db6dcaf-0bb8-4ddb-82f0-ea6db4ca6cb0&&Headline=Ideology+of+intolerance Ideology of Intolerance – article] ''[[Hindustan Times]]''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090515163638/http://indianmuslims.in/sadia-dehlvi-on-women-sufis-of-delhi/ Sadia Dehlvi on Women Sufis of Delhi]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|2487651}}
*[http://sadiadehlvi.blogspot.com/ Sadia Dehlvi's blog]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071205040501/http://indianmuslims.in/delhis-able-daughter-sadia-dehlvi/ India Muslims Profile]
*[http://thedelhiwalla.blogspot.com/2007/12/language-cuisine-and-culture-of-muslim.html Interview with Sadia Dehlvi]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060221065521/http://www.outlookindia.com/diary.asp?fodname=20010917&authorname=Sadia+Dehlvi&subsubsecname=Srinagar Srinagar Diary by Sadia Dehlvi in Outlook]
*[http://www.sinarubot.5gigs.com/raza/july/DelhisAbleDaughter-Mar2006.pdf Profile published in the Friday Times]

*[http://www.razarumi.com/2007/01/06/on-mukhtaran-mai-book-review/ – Book review Mukhtaran Mai]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dehlvi, Sadia}}
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:Activists from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian columnists]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian political writers]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television journalists]]
[[Category:Indian television producers]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:Indian women columnists]]
[[Category:Indian women political writers]]
[[Category:Indian women television journalists]]
[[Category:Indian women television producers]]
[[Category:Journalists from Delhi]]
[[Category:Women writers from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian newspaper journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Women television producers]]
[[Category:Women magazine editors]]

Sadia Dehlvi

2020-02-18T12:11:30Z

Tiwaribharat: Added her photo taken by me.

{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Sadia Dehlvi (also known as Sadia Sayyed Karamat Ali<ref name="web_archive_Sadia"/>)
|image = Sadia Dehlvi bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 8301 July 19, 2017.jpg
|alt =
|caption = Sadia Dehlvi
|birth_date = 1957
|birth_place = [[Delhi]]
|death_date = 
|death_place =
|other_names =
|known_for =
|occupation = activist, columnist, writer
|nationality = Indian
}}

'''Sadia Dehlvi''' (born 1957) is a [[Delhi]]-based media person, activist, writer and a columnist with the daily newspaper, the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', and frequently published in ''[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]'' and [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]] and [[English language|English]] newspapers and magazines.<ref>[http://dohanetwork.org/content/2009-list-participants-dehlvi Profile] Doha Network.</ref> She is known to be a devotee of [[Khwaja Gharib Nawaz]] of [[Ajmer]] and [[Nizamuddin Auliya]] of Delhi. She is popularly known for criticizing radical interpretations of Islam and calls for a pluralistic understanding of Islam. Dehlvi has produced and scripted a number of documentaries and television programs, including ''Amma and Family'' (1995), starring [[Zohra Sehgal]], a veteran stage actor.

==Biography==
Sadia Dehlvi was born in Delhi in 1957. Her grandfather was Yusuf Dehlvi and father is Yunus Dehlvi who lived in Shama Ghar on Sardar Patel Road, in New Delhi where she was born. The one-time cultural hub of Delhi, today it houses [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] headquarters, (since 2002).<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mayas-elephant-house-rises-in-the-rubble-of-delhis-cultural-hub/453158/1 Maya’s elephant house rises in the rubble of Delhi’s cultural hub] ''[[The Indian Express]]'', 1 May 2009.</ref> Her surname 'Dehlvi" ([[Dehlavi (name)|Dehlavi]]) means someone from Delhi reflecting her family's long association with this old city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thedelhiwalla.blogspot.ca/2007/12/language-cuisine-and-culture-of-muslim.html |title="Delhi's Muslim Culture is Dying" - Interview with Sadia Dehlvi |website=the delhiwalla.blogspot.ca |publisher=The Delhi Walla |access-date=May 12, 2017}}</ref>

For over thirty years Dehlvi has engaged in voicing concern on issues regarding heritage, culture, women and Muslim communities. She lives with her teenage son in New Delhi. In April 2009 Dehlvi published a book on Sufism entitled ''Sufism: The heart of Islam'' published by HarperCollins Publishers, India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wisemuslimwomen.org/muslimwomen/bio/sadia_dehlvi/ |title=Sadia Dehlvi |website=wisemuslimwomen.org |publisher=WISE |access-date=12 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914113509/http://www.wisemuslimwomen.org/muslimwomen/bio/sadia_dehlvi/ |archive-date=14 September 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Her second book, ''The Sufi Courtyard: Dargahs of Delhi'', detailing Delhi's Sufi history was also published by HarperCollins, India and released in February 2012.

She edited ''Bano'' an Urdu women's journal for the Shama Group, a renowned name in Urdu publishing which published ''Shama'' an Urdu literary and film monthly. It eventually closed in 1987.<ref>{{cite book |title= India of My Dreams|last= Kumar |first=Surendra |authorlink= |author2=Pradeep Kumar Kapur |year=2008 |publisher=Academic Foundation |location= |isbn=81-7188-689-2 |page= Page 213|pages= |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jcLihj0Yzi0C&pg=PA213&lpg=PA213&dq=Sadia+Dehlvi&source=bl&ots=FIQ_0a-wtB&sig=e2AYlrPMMYF220PJEnQrO-iZEGE&hl=en&ei=QApvSpzfJ4v66gPIpPjABA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10|accessdate=28 July 2009}}</ref>

Dehlvi was a close friend and confidante of the late author [[Khushwant Singh]]. Singh's book ''Not a Nice Man to Know'' was dedicated to her. He wrote, "To Sadia Dehlvi, who gave me more affection and notoriety than I deserve." Singh's book, ''Men and Women in my Life'' includes an entire chapter on her and the cover has her photo. In 1998, Dehlvi produced a television show, ''Not a Nice man to Know'' with Khushwant Singh interviewing women from various fields.

Dehlvi won acclaim for her television series starring the veteran actress [[Zohra Sehgal]] ''Amma and Family'' that broke the stereotypical portrayal of a Muslim family. Dehlvi co-produced and scripted the series, also playing one of the main roles.

==Personal life==
She married a Pakistani citizen, Reza Pervaiz, in 1990. She then stayed in [[Karachi]] for while, where the couple had a son, Armaan in 1992.April 8, 2002.<ref>[http://indianmuslims.in/delhis-able-daughter-sadia-dehlvi/ Delhi’s Able Daughter: Sadia Dehlvi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071205040501/http://indianmuslims.in/delhis-able-daughter-sadia-dehlvi/ |date=5 December 2007 }} by Raza Rumi. 24 February 2007.</ref><ref name="cities.expressindia.com">[http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=17189 ‘I am not looking for social approval’]{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''[[The Indian Express]]'', 10 May 2002.</ref> This marriage lasted for 12 years but ended in a divorce when Pervaiz emailed her "[[Talaq]]" three-times. Sadiya believes that her divorce is the first electronic termination of marriage in India but felt relieved as she had already broken up with her ex-husband long back. She later married 45-year-old Sayyed Karamat Ali, whom she met at Hazrat Shah Farhad, a Sufi shrine in Delhi, which she has been visiting for the last 20 years, and proudly referred to herself as Sadia Sayyed Karamat Ali. <ref name="web_archive_Sadia">
{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071202101757/http://www.rediff.com/search/2002/apr/08sadia.htm|date=December 02, 2007 |title='Divorce by Email- Sadia Dehalvi shares her experience of ending a marriage online'}}
</ref>

==Book on Sufism==
Dehlvi wrote a book ''Sufism: The Heart of Islam'' in which she details Islam's rich Sufi traditions and the importance of the Sufi message of love, tolerance and brotherhood. The book is a personal journey where she argues that Sufism is the preserved spiritual path of Islam. She draws upon a range of Muslim texts and traditions to argue that Sufism is not an innovation, but the continuity of a thought process that links Muslims to their religious predecessors all the way to the Prophet. The book delves on the lives of the Sufis, their literature, and their philosophies that emphasise on the purification of the heart. It highlights major Sufi orders, particularly in the subcontinent and the impact of their teachings on the devotional aspect of Islam. She says,"Growing up in an Irish convent boarding school, I regularly went to church, sang Christmas carols, baked Easter eggs and imbibed Christian values. During annual holidays a maulana, a religious teacher, came home to teach the Quran to all the children. He instilled the fear of God into us, with the result that fear remained the only emotion that the heart felt for the Creator. Somehow, this overwhelming fear kept me connected to Allah, despite often wanting to break away completely..." <ref>http://twocircles.net/2010sep07/book_review_sufism_heart_islam.html#.VdhJzfmqqko</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://harpercollins.co.in/BookDetail.asp?Book_Code=2534 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-08-22 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100912020021/http://www.harpercollins.co.in/BookDetail.asp?Book_Code=2534 |archivedate=12 September 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Stances==
Dehlvi has taken a conservative stance [http://www.ibnlive.com/news/constraining-creativity-have-the-extremists-won/53421-3.html] in the recent controversy over [[Taslima Nasreen]].{{What|date=July 2019}}{{dead link|date=July 2019}}

==Author==
* ''Sufism, The Heart of Islam'', [[Harpercollins]], 2009. {{ISBN|81-7223-797-9}}.<ref>[http://www.flipkart.com/sufism-sadia-dehlvi-heart-islam/8172237979-yv23f838lb Sufism...]</ref>
* "Dilli ka Dastarkhwan" – chapter in ''City Improbable : An Anthology of Writings on Delhi''/edited by Khushwant Singh. New Delhi, Viking, 2001, xv, 286 p., $22. {{ISBN|0-670-91235-2}}.<ref>[https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no22752.htm Vedambooks]</ref>
* {{cite book |title=The Sufi Courtyard: Dargahs of Delhi |author=Sadia Dehlvi|authorlink=|publisher=Harper Collins |year=2012|isbn=93-5029-095-2|page= }}

==Works==
'''As Actress:'''
* ''Zindagi Kitni Khoobsoorat Hai'' (2001) TV series
* ''Amma and Family'' (1995) TV series

'''Producer:'''
* ''Not a Nice Man to Know'' (1998) TV series (associate producer)

'''Writer:'''
* ''Amma and Family'' (1995) TV series

==Awards==
* Sadia Dehlvi received the Best Journalist Award in 1989{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

==Further reading==
* [http://www.outlookindia.com/peoplefnl.aspx?author=Sadia%20Dehlvi&pid=4827 Sadia Dehlvi columns] [[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]
*[http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=0db6dcaf-0bb8-4ddb-82f0-ea6db4ca6cb0&&Headline=Ideology+of+intolerance Ideology of Intolerance – article] ''[[Hindustan Times]]''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090515163638/http://indianmuslims.in/sadia-dehlvi-on-women-sufis-of-delhi/ Sadia Dehlvi on Women Sufis of Delhi]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|2487651}}
*[http://sadiadehlvi.blogspot.com/ Sadia Dehlvi's blog]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071205040501/http://indianmuslims.in/delhis-able-daughter-sadia-dehlvi/ India Muslims Profile]
*[http://thedelhiwalla.blogspot.com/2007/12/language-cuisine-and-culture-of-muslim.html Interview with Sadia Dehlvi]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060221065521/http://www.outlookindia.com/diary.asp?fodname=20010917&authorname=Sadia+Dehlvi&subsubsecname=Srinagar Srinagar Diary by Sadia Dehlvi in Outlook]
*[http://www.sinarubot.5gigs.com/raza/july/DelhisAbleDaughter-Mar2006.pdf Profile published in the Friday Times]

*[http://www.razarumi.com/2007/01/06/on-mukhtaran-mai-book-review/ – Book review Mukhtaran Mai]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dehlvi, Sadia}}
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:Activists from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian columnists]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian political writers]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television journalists]]
[[Category:Indian television producers]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:Indian women columnists]]
[[Category:Indian women political writers]]
[[Category:Indian women television journalists]]
[[Category:Indian women television producers]]
[[Category:Journalists from Delhi]]
[[Category:Women writers from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian newspaper journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Women television producers]]
[[Category:Women magazine editors]]

Rakhshanda Jalil

2020-02-17T08:50:03Z

Tiwaribharat: Added her photo taken by me.

{{Use Indian English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}

{{Infobox person
| name =Rakhshanda Jalil
| image = Rakhshanda Jalil bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 8260 July 19, 2017.jpg
| caption = Rakhshanda Jalil
| education = [[Miranda House, Delhi]], [[Delhi University]], [[Jamia Millia Islamia]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth-date and age|21 July 1963}}
| birth_place =[[Delhi]]
| occupation = Indian writer, critic and literary historian
}}
'''Rakhshanda Jalil''' (born 21 July 1963) is a well-known Indian writer, critic and literary historian. She is best known for much-acclaimed book on Delhi's lesser-known monuments called ''Invisible City: The hidden Monuments of India''<ref>{{Cite book|isbn=8189738771 |title=Invisible City: The Hidden Monument of Delhi (9788189738778): Rakhshanda Jalil, Khushwant Singh: Books |publisher=Amazon.com |date=2013-02-16 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebookreviewindia.org/articles/archives-697/2012/january/1/delhis-hidden-riches.html |title=Delhi's Hidden Riches |publisher=Thebookreviewindia.org |date=2012-01-01 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> and a well-received collection of short stories, called ''Release & Other Stories''<ref>{{Cite book|isbn=9350290693 |title=Release and Other Stories: Rakhshanda Jalil: 9789350290699: Amazon.com: Books |publisher=Amazon.com |date=2011-11-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/cm-releases-short-story-collection/ |title=CM releases short story collection |publisher=The Indian Express |date=2011-09-18 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> (Harper Collins, 2011). Her PhD on the Progressive Writers' Movement as Reflected in Urdu Literature has been published by Oxford University Press as ''Liking Progress, Loving Change''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780198096733.do |title=Liking Progress, Loving Change: Rakhshanda Jalil - Oxford University Press |publisher=Ukcatalogue.oup.com |date=2014-03-06 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jalil |first=Rakhshanda |url=http://www.chapters.indigo.ca/books/liking-progress-loving-change-a/9780198096733-item.html |title=Liking Progress, Loving Change: A Literary History of the Progressive Writers Movement in Urdu Book by Rakhshanda Jalil | Hardcover |publisher=chapters.indigo.ca |date=2013-12-15 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> (2014). Jalil runs an organization called Hindustani Awaaz, devoted to the popularization of Hindi-Urdu literature and culture.

== Career ==

Jalil graduated from [[Miranda House|Miranda house]], Delhi University in 1986. She started her career as a lecturer in [[SGTB Khalsa College|Khalsa College]].<ref name="ignca1">{{cite web|author=CIL |url=http://ignca.nic.in/aqeedat_2007_009.htm |title=The Tradition of Eid-e-Milad-un-Nabi in North India - Rakshanda Jalil |publisher=Ignca.nic.in |date=2007-03-23 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref>
After that she worked at [[Aligarh Muslim University]] as lecturer (1987), editorial assistant at [[Tata McGraw-Hill]] Book Publishing Company<ref name="ignca1"/> (1987–89),
sub-editor in the Publications Division of the [[India International Centre]] (1989–90), assistant editor in the Publications Division of the India International Center (1990 – March 1995). She later joined [[Jamia Millia Islamia]]<ref name="ignca1"/> and worked there as director of the outreach programme.
She co-edited a quarterly journal called ''Third Frame: Literature, Culture and Society'', published and distributed by Cambridge University Press from 2007 to 2009. She was senior associate fellow at the Council of Social Development, New Delhi, and associate editor of ''Social Change'', the journal brought out by CSD (Jan 2011-Jan 2012).

== Contribution to Urdu literature ==

She has edited four collections of short stories: ''Urdu Stories''<ref>{{Cite book|isbn=8187075910 |title=Urdu Stories (Great Writers): Rakhshanda Jalil, etc., et al, Asif Aslam Farrukhi: 9788187075912: Amazon.com: Books |publisher=Amazon.com |date=2002-01-01 }}</ref> (Srishti, 2002), a selection by Pakistani women writers called ''Neither Night Nor Day''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.harpercollins.co.in/BookDetail.asp?Book_Code=1763 |title=HarperCollins Publishers India Ltd |publisher=Harpercollins.co.in |date= |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> (Harper Collins, 2007, New Urdu Writings: ''From India & Pakistan'' <ref>{{cite web|last=Events |first=Delhi |url=http://www.delhievents.com/2014/02/writings-from-india-and-pakistan-by.html |title=Writings: From India and Pakistan by Rakhshanda Jalil - Book Discussion at Conference Room - 1, Main Building, India International Centre (IIC), Lodhi Estate > 6:30pm on 10th February 2014 |publisher=Delhi Events |date=2014-02-10 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> (Westland, 2013), and Pigeons of the Domes: Stories of Communalism (Niyogi, 2015); a collection of essays on the little known monuments of Delhi, called Invisible City (Niyogi, 2008, revised third edition 2011); two co-authored books, ''Partners in Freedom: Jamia Millia Islamia''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/jamia-as-a-partner-in-freedom/article3048965.ece |title=Jamia as a partner in freedom |publisher=The Hindu |date=2006-11-17 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> (Niyogi, 2006) and ''Journey to a Holy Land: A Pilgrim’s Diary'' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/a-journey-of-faith/article662018.ece |title=A journey of faith |publisher=The Hindu |date=2009-11-15 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://global.oup.com/academic/product/journey-to-the-holy-land-9780198063469;jsessionid=EEEF50584921FC4AB9C1A8947E8D190B?cc=in&lang=en& |title=Journey to the Holy Land - Amir Ahmad Alawi; Mushirul Hasan; Rakhshanda Jalil - Oxford University Press |publisher=Global.oup.com |date=2009-11-30 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> (OUP, 2009). She was co-editor of ''Third Frame'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cambridgeindia.org/news30.asp |title=Cambridge University Press India |publisher=Cambridgeindia.org |date=2008-04-24 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> a journal devoted to literature, culture and society brought out by the Cambridge University Press. She has edited and introduced a volume of essays entitled ''Qurratulain Hyder and the River of Fire: The Meaning, Scope and Significance of her Legacy''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/154349093?versionId=168265219 |title=Qurratulain Hyder and the river of fire : the meaning, scope and significance of her legacy / edited by Rakhshanda Jalil. - Version details - Trove |publisher=Trove.nla.gov.au |date= |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> (Aakar, 2010; and Oxford University Press, Karachi, 2010). 
She has published eight works of translations: Premchand's short stories entitled ''The Temple and the Mosque''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebookreviewindia.org/articles/archives-855/2012/april/4/inequality-injustice-and-impunity-premchands-worlds.html |title=Inequality, Injustice and Impunity: Premchand's Worlds |publisher=Thebookreviewindia.org |date=2012-04-04 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> (Harper Collins, 1992; revised and enlarged 2011); a collection of satirical writing in Hindi by Asghar Wajahat entitled Lies: Half Told<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abebooks.com/Lies-Half-Told-Asghar-Wajahat-Rakhshanda/10071036655/bd |title=Lies by Asghar Wajahat Rakhshanda Jalil: Srishti Publishers & Distributors 9788187075929 - Alden Books |publisher=Abebooks.com |date=2013-03-26 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> (Srishti, 2002); 32 satirical cameos by Saadat Hasan Manto entitled Black Borders<ref>{{Cite book|isbn=8129102420 |title=Black Borders Collectin of 32 Cameos. pa.: Saadat Hasan., Rakhshanda Jalil Manto: 9788129102423: Amazon.com: Books |publisher=Amazon.com |date=2003-02-02 }}</ref> (Rupa & Co., 2003); Through the Closed Doorway,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Buy Through the Closed Doorway Book Online at Low Prices in India | Through the Closed Doorway Reviews & Ratings |publisher=Amazon.in |date=2004-01-01 |isbn=812910458X }}</ref> nazms by Urdu poet Shahryar (Rupa & Co. 2004); short stories by Intizar Husain entitled Circle and Other Stories<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/dec122004/br4.asp |title=A book that you will read till the last page - Deccan Herald |publisher=Archive.deccanherald.com |date=2004-12-12 |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> (Rupa & Co. 2004; Sang-e-Meel, Lahore, 2012); a collection of Premchand's short stories for children called A Winter's Tale and Other Stories (Puffin, 2007); Naked Voices and other Stories<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7700096-naked-voices |title=Naked Voices: Stories And Sketches by Saadat Hasan Manto — Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists |publisher=Goodreads.com |date= |accessdate=2014-05-20}}</ref> – a collection of stories and sketches by Saadat Hasan Manto translated by her from Urdu (Roli, 2008); and Panchlight and Other Stories by Hindi writer Phanishwarnath Renu (Orient Blackswan, 2010).

The biography of Urdu feminist writer Dr Rashid Jahan by Rakhshanda Jalil has been published by Women Unlimited under the title ''A Rebel and her Cause'' (2014).<ref>{{cite web | title = A Rebel And Her Cause: Life and Work of Rashid Jahan released by Rakhshanda Jalil | url = http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/a-rebel-and-her-cause-life-and-work-of-rashid-jahan-released-by-rakhshanda-jalil-1399458730-1 |date=26 April 2014| accessdate = 2014-08-18 }}</ref> With over 15 books behind her and over 50 academic papers at seminars and conferences, at present she contributes regularly to national and international newspapers and magazines, writes book reviews, opinion pieces and travelogues, and appears on television to talk about issues of culture, literature and society. She also contributes regularly to ''Himal'' (Kathmandu), ''The Herald'' (Karachi) and ''The Friday Times'' (Lahore), apart from ''The Hindu'', ''Biblio'', ''The Literary Review'', etc. in India.

Her debut collection of fiction, ''Release & Other Stories'', was published by Harper Collins in 2011, and received critical acclaim. At present, she is engaged in a study of Indian secularism.

== Bibliography ==

* Invisible City: The Hidden Monument of Delhi
* Lies: Half Told; translated by Rakshanda Jalil; 2002, Srishti Publishers. {{ISBN|81-87075-92-9}}.
* A Winter's Night And Other Stories
* Release & Other Stories
* A Rebel and Her Cause: The Life and Work of Rashid Jahan published by Women Unlimited
* Qurratulain Hyder and the River of Fire: The Meaning, Scope and Significance of Her Legacy
* Naked Voices: Stories And Sketches
* Through The Closed Doorway: A Collection Of Nazms
* New Urdu Writings: From India and Pakistan

== References ==
{{reflist}}
*
*
*
*

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jalil, Rakhshanda}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian literary historians]]
[[Category:University of Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Indian women short story writers]]
[[Category:Literary scholars]]
[[Category:University of Delhi faculty]]
[[Category:Book editors]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:Jamia Millia Islamia faculty]]
[[Category:English-language writers from India]]
[[Category:Urdu writers from India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:Urdu–English translators]]
[[Category:Hindi–English translators]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University faculty]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Delhi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Indian women historians]]
[[Category:Indian women editors]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:Women writers from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian women translators]]
[[Category:Women magazine editors]]
[[Category:Women literary historians]]

User talk:Tiwaribharat

2020-02-17T08:08:41Z

Tiwaribharat:

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== March 2012 ==
[[Image:Information.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] Please do not write an article about yourself. Creating an [[Wikipedia:Autobiography|autobiography]] is ''strongly'' discouraged – see our guideline on [[WP:AUTOBIO|writing autobiographies]]. If you create such an article, it may be deleted. If what you have done in life is genuinely notable and can be verified according to our policy for [[WP:PEOPLE|articles about living people]], someone else will probably create an article about you sooner or later (see [[Wikipedia:Wikipedians with articles|Wikipedians with articles]]). Please understand that this is an encyclopedia and not a personal web space or social networking site. If your article has already been deleted, please see: [[Wikipedia:Why was my page deleted?|Why was my page deleted?]], and if you feel the deletion was an error, please discuss it with the deleting administrator. Thank you. — [[User:Malik Shabazz|Malik Shabazz]] [[User talk:Malik Shabazz|Talk]]/[[Special:Contributions/Malik Shabazz|Stalk]] 21:58, 12 March 2012 (UTC)

== September 2013 ==
[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Welcome to Wikipedia. At least one of [[Special:Contributions/Tiwaribharat|your recent edits]], such as the edit you made to [[:Satyagraha (film)]], did not appear to be constructive and has been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, please take some time to familiarise yourself with our policies and guidelines. You can find information about these at the [[Wikipedia:Welcoming committee/Welcome to Wikipedia|welcome page]] which also provides further information about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. If you only meant to make some test edits, please use [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|the sandbox]] for that. Thank you. ''Don't add links to your personal website.'' [[User talk:Sohambanerjee1998#top|Sohambanerjee1998]] 13:42, 5 September 2013 (UTC)

User talk:Tiwaribharat

2020-02-17T08:07:41Z

Tiwaribharat: /* Speedy deletion nomination of Bharat tiwari */

'''Welcome!'''

Hello, Tiwaribharat, and [[Wikipedia:Welcome, newcomers|welcome]] to Wikipedia! Thank you for [[Special:Contributions/Tiwaribharat|your contributions]]. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Unfortunately, one or more of the pages you created, such as [[Bharat tiwari]], may not conform to some of Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:List of policies|guidelines]], and may soon be deleted.

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== March 2012 ==
[[Image:Information.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] Please do not write an article about yourself. Creating an [[Wikipedia:Autobiography|autobiography]] is ''strongly'' discouraged – see our guideline on [[WP:AUTOBIO|writing autobiographies]]. If you create such an article, it may be deleted. If what you have done in life is genuinely notable and can be verified according to our policy for [[WP:PEOPLE|articles about living people]], someone else will probably create an article about you sooner or later (see [[Wikipedia:Wikipedians with articles|Wikipedians with articles]]). Please understand that this is an encyclopedia and not a personal web space or social networking site. If your article has already been deleted, please see: [[Wikipedia:Why was my page deleted?|Why was my page deleted?]], and if you feel the deletion was an error, please discuss it with the deleting administrator. Thank you. — [[User:Malik Shabazz|Malik Shabazz]] [[User talk:Malik Shabazz|Talk]]/[[Special:Contributions/Malik Shabazz|Stalk]] 21:58, 12 March 2012 (UTC)

== September 2013 ==
[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Welcome to Wikipedia. At least one of [[Special:Contributions/Tiwaribharat|your recent edits]], such as the edit you made to [[:Satyagraha (film)]], did not appear to be constructive and has been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, please take some time to familiarise yourself with our policies and guidelines. You can find information about these at the [[Wikipedia:Welcoming committee/Welcome to Wikipedia|welcome page]] which also provides further information about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. If you only meant to make some test edits, please use [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|the sandbox]] for that. Thank you. ''Don't add links to your personal website.'' [[User talk:Sohambanerjee1998#top|Sohambanerjee1998]] 13:42, 5 September 2013 (UTC)

User talk:Tiwaribharat

2020-02-17T08:07:26Z

Tiwaribharat: /* Proposed deletion of Bharat tiwari */

'''Welcome!'''

Hello, Tiwaribharat, and [[Wikipedia:Welcome, newcomers|welcome]] to Wikipedia! Thank you for [[Special:Contributions/Tiwaribharat|your contributions]]. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Unfortunately, one or more of the pages you created, such as [[Bharat tiwari]], may not conform to some of Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:List of policies|guidelines]], and may soon be deleted.

There's a page about creating articles you may want to read called '''[[Wikipedia:Your first article|Your first article]]'''. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the '''[[Wikipedia:New contributors' help page|New contributors' help page]]''', where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type '''{{t|helpme}}''' on this page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few other good links for newcomers:
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==[[Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion|Speedy deletion]] nomination of [[:Bharat tiwari]]==
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A tag has been placed on [[:Bharat tiwari]], requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia for multiple reasons. '''Please see the page to see the reasons'''. If the page has since been deleted, you can ask me the reasons by leaving a message on [[User talk:Zad68|my user talk page]].

If you think that the page was nominated in error, contest the nomination by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion" in the speedy deletion tag. Doing so will take you to the talk page where you can explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit '''[[Talk:Bharat tiwari|the page's talk page directly]]''' to give your reasons, but be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but do not hesitate to add information that is consistent with [[Wikipedia:List of policies|Wikipedia's policies and guidelines]]. If the page is deleted, you can contact [[:Category:Wikipedia administrators who will provide copies of deleted articles|one of these administrators]] to request that the administrator [[Wikipedia:Userfication#Userfication of deleted content|userfy]] the page or email a copy to you. [[User:Zad68|Zad68]] ([[User talk:Zad68|talk]]) 19:52, 12 March 2012 (UTC)

== March 2012 ==
[[Image:Information.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] Please do not write an article about yourself. Creating an [[Wikipedia:Autobiography|autobiography]] is ''strongly'' discouraged – see our guideline on [[WP:AUTOBIO|writing autobiographies]]. If you create such an article, it may be deleted. If what you have done in life is genuinely notable and can be verified according to our policy for [[WP:PEOPLE|articles about living people]], someone else will probably create an article about you sooner or later (see [[Wikipedia:Wikipedians with articles|Wikipedians with articles]]). Please understand that this is an encyclopedia and not a personal web space or social networking site. If your article has already been deleted, please see: [[Wikipedia:Why was my page deleted?|Why was my page deleted?]], and if you feel the deletion was an error, please discuss it with the deleting administrator. Thank you. — [[User:Malik Shabazz|Malik Shabazz]] [[User talk:Malik Shabazz|Talk]]/[[Special:Contributions/Malik Shabazz|Stalk]] 21:58, 12 March 2012 (UTC)

== September 2013 ==
[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Welcome to Wikipedia. At least one of [[Special:Contributions/Tiwaribharat|your recent edits]], such as the edit you made to [[:Satyagraha (film)]], did not appear to be constructive and has been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, please take some time to familiarise yourself with our policies and guidelines. You can find information about these at the [[Wikipedia:Welcoming committee/Welcome to Wikipedia|welcome page]] which also provides further information about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. If you only meant to make some test edits, please use [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|the sandbox]] for that. Thank you. ''Don't add links to your personal website.'' [[User talk:Sohambanerjee1998#top|Sohambanerjee1998]] 13:42, 5 September 2013 (UTC)

Alka Pande

2020-02-17T08:03:55Z

Tiwaribharat: Added her photo taken by me.

{{Infobox person
| name = Alka Pande
| image = Alka Pande bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 5652 February 01, 2019.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Alka Pande
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{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Notability|Biographies|date=April 2015}}
{{BLP sources|date=April 2015}}
}}
'''Alka Pande''' is an Indian academic and [[museum curator]].

==Background==
Alka Pande was born in [[Kolkata]] in 1956. She went to [[Convent of Jesus and Mary]] School, [[New Delhi]] until the 8th and then completed her class 9th to 12th in St. Mary's Convent School, [[Kanpur]], ICS (1972).

Pande did her double MA in History of Art from [[University of Mumbai|Bombay University]] in 1981 and Panjab University in 1983. In 1996, she was Awarded a Phd in Art History from the [[Panjab University]]. Pande's thesis was on the Study of [[Ardhanarisvara]] in Indian Art, with special reference to Indian Sculpture. In 1999, she further did her Post Doctoral Degree from Goldsmiths College, [[University of London]], under the Aegis of the Charles Wallace Fellowship, through the British Council.

==Career==
Pande has been a reader at the Department of Fine Arts, [[Panjab University]], Chandigarh from 1996 till 2000 and before that she was the Director of the Museum of Fine Arts, Panjab University, Chandigarh.

2000- till present: She is currently working as Art Consultant at the [[India Habitat Centre]], [[New Delhi]]. Pande is also the visiting faculty of DJ Academy of Design, [[Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu]].

==Curated Shows==
*In 2015 and 2016: 'Art in the Metro', an ongoing initiative by India Habitat Centre and [[Delhi Metro]] at Jor Bagh and Mandi House Metro Stations in New Delhi<ref>{{cite news|title=Art, Photographs, Digital Works at Delhi Metro Stations|url=http://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/art-photographs-digital-works-at-delhi-metro-stations-722718|accessdate=5 January 2015}}</ref>
*In October 2014, Pande curated [http://www.pinacotheque.com/?id=931 The Kama-Sutra : spirituality and erotism in Indian art] at [[Pinacothèque de Paris]]. This was alongside [[Marc Restellini]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.institutfrancais.in/content/art-exhibition-paris-aims-see-beyond-sex-kama-sutra-times-india|title=Archived copy|access-date=4 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072821/http://www.institutfrancais.in/content/art-exhibition-paris-aims-see-beyond-sex-kama-sutra-times-india#|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> director of the Pinacothèque de Paris. The show was on till 10 January 2015.
*In March 2014, Pande was the guest curator for the Sculpture Gallery at the [[City Palace, Udaipur]]. The show ‘Diving Gesture - The Magnificence of Mewar Spirituality’ was organised by the [[Maharana of Mewar]] Charitable Foundation (MMCF), Udaipur, in association with [[UNESCO]], New Delhi.
*In 2011, she co-curated the [[Delhi Photo Festival]], a biennial photography festival organized by India Habitat Centre (IHC) and Nazar Foundation in Delhi
*Curator of "India Awakens. Under the Banyan Tree" from November 2010 –February 2011 Essl Museum, [[Klosterneuburg]] near [[Vienna, Austria]]. This was part of the emerging artists series by bringing in 34 selected artists.

==Books==
*''Voices and Images'', Penguin Enterprise, November 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiahabitat.org/vag/page?view=vagpublications|title = India Habitat Centre - VAG Publications}}</ref>
*''Mukhwas'' Indian Food Through the Ages, Imprint, 2013
*''Shringara'' – the many faces of Indian beauty, Year of publishing: 2011
*''Leela'' – An Erotic Play of Verse and Art, Published by HarperCollins 2009
*''Kama Sutra - The Quest for Love'' Published by Brijbasi Art Press 2008
*''Ardhanarishvara the androgyne'' Published by Rupa & Co., 2005
*''Masterpiece Of Indian Art'' Published by Lustre Press, Roli Books, 2004
*''A Celebration of Love Article : Myriad Moods of Love, by Alka Pande'' - Published by Roli Books, 2004
*''Indian Erotic Art'' - Published by Roli Books, 2002
*''Folk Music & Musical Instruments of Punjab'' Dr. Alka Pande - Published by Mapin Publishing, Ahmedabad, 2002
*''Indian Erotica'' Alka Pande & Lance Dane - Published by Roli Books, 2002
*''Kama Sutra'' Introduction by Dr. Alka Pande - Published by Roli Books, 1999

==Awards==
*In 2006, Pande was Awarded the Chevalier dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres - Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters, bequeathed by the French government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ambafrance-in.org/Ritu-Kumar-awarded-the-prestigious|title=Ritu Kumar awarded the prestigious French Government honor of Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres, 8th December 2008}}</ref>
*In 2009, Pande received the Australian Asia Council Special Award<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mountainechoes.org/alka-pande/|title=Archived copy|access-date=4 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420100110/http://mountainechoes.org/alka-pande/|archive-date=20 April 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
*In 2015, Pande was awarded the Chandigarh Lalit Kala Akademi honours - in recognition of the distinguished contribution to art - with Amrita Sher-Gil Samman<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lalitkalachandigarh.com/events.php?page=6}}</ref>
*On 23 March 2015 Alka Pande was awarded L’Oréal Paris Femina Women Awards 2015 under Design and Arts<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicystarsmumbai.com/announcing-the-fourth-edition-of-loreal-paris-femina-women-awards-2015.html}}</ref>

==Website==
http://www.alkapande.com/

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*https://web.archive.org/web/20150927101745/http://www.thefuschiatree.com/309/fullview
*http://www.amazon.co.uk/Chinese-Erotica-Pocket-Alka-Pande/dp/8174362096
*http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/nm20/author-alka-pande-wins-french-award/article1-184700.aspx]
*http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/623844.Alka_Pande
*http://www.ambafrance-in.org/Mukhwas-Indian-Food-through-the]
*http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/book-review-of-alka-pande-ardhanarishvara-the-androgyne/1/195010.html
*http://www.amazon.in/Kamasutra-The-Quest-For-Love/dp/B0072GQSN8
*https://archive.is/20150118220854/http://www.harpercollins.co.in/Miniwebsite/BookDetail.asp?Book_Code=2270&TB_iframe=true&width=570&height=390
*http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111211/spectrum/main1.htm
*http://www.cambridgeindia.org/newarrivals.asp?ISBN=9788188861163{{Dead link|date=October 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pande, Alka}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian art curators]]
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Panjab University alumni]]

Uma Sharma

2020-02-17T07:08:28Z

Tiwaribharat: Added a better photo.

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Uma Sharma
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1942}}
| birth_place = [[Dholpur]]
| occupation = Classical Dancer, choreographer, teacher
| image = Uma Sharma bharat-s-tiwari-photography- MG 7378-Edit January 11, 2020-2.jpg
}}
'''Uma Sharma''' (born 1942) is a [[kathak]] [[Indian classical dance|dancer]], choreographer and teacher. She is also runs the Bharatiya Sangeet Sadan, Delhi, a classical dance and music academy, situated in [[New Delhi]], founded by her father in 1946. She is most known for reviving the old classical dance form of ''Natwari Nritya'' or the [[Raslila]] of [[Brindavan]], which later evolved into the Kathak.<ref name=in>[http://www.indiansarts.com/UmaSharmapage.htm Uma Sharma Profile]</ref><ref>[[#Ri|Richmond, p. 198]].</ref><ref>[[#Ma|Massey, p. 83]]</ref>

Kathak is based on devotional Krishna poetry of the medieval centuries and the highly cultivated court poetry of the 18th and 19th centuries which celebrated ''[[shringara]]'', the sentiment of love.

==Early life and training==
Uma Sharma's Family hails from Dholpur in Rajasthan. Born in Delhi in 1942, Uma Sharma received her dance training from Guru Hiralalji and Girvar Dayal of the Jaipur gharana, and subsequently she became a student of Pandit Sunder Prasad of the [[Jaipur]] [[gharana]] who emphasised rhythmic footwork and its permutations., [[Shambhu Maharaj]] and [[Birju Maharaj]] noted gurus of the Kathak tradition of the [[Lucknow]] gharana, known for the art of [[abhinaya]], subsequently Uma Sharma sought to achieve a creative fusion of the two.<ref name=in/>
Uma went to [[St. Thomas' School (New Delhi)]] for schooling, and then graduated from [[Lady Shri Ram College for Women]], also in New Delhi.

==Career==
After having learnt the presentation of traditional items, she has widened the repertoire of Kathak by composing new dance numbers and full length dance-dramas on a variety of themes. Her dance drama ''Stree'' (Woman), has been known its powerful thematic content and artistic presentation. As a one-woman exposition Stree Kathak gives emotive thrust in depicting the position of Woman down the centuries and her search for an independent identity.

Uma has performed all over the country and participated in many a national and international festivals. She has been on performance tours to USSR, New Zealand, Australia, USA, Canada, Middle East, Japan and China, both on invitation from organizations abroad and as a representative of the Department of Culture and the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]].

Uma Sharma runs her own School of Music and Dance in the capital and has trained a whole new generation of younger dancers.

However, veteran dance critic and scholar Sunil Kothari of New Delhi, has criticized her dance as always being very Bollywood oriented in nature. He has also accused her of misusing her connections with various government officials to gain awards and publicity. Uma hasn't commented on such allegations.

==Awards==
In 1973 she became the youngest dancer be conferred upon with the [[Padma Shri]] by [[Government of India]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Two expressions in the medium of dance|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/Two-expressions-in-the-medium-of-dance/articleshow/40999493.cms |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |date=22 Mar 2003 |first1=Vandana |last1=Shukla}}</ref> and [[Padma Bhushan]] 2001.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |accessdate=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6U68ulwpb?url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archivedate=15 November 2014 }}</ref> She was awarded the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] and also the [[Sahitya Kala Parishad#Sahitya Kala Parishad Awards|Sahitya Kala Parishad Award]]. On 27 January 2013, she was honoured with title '''Srijan Manishi''' by [[Akhil Bhartiya Vikram Parishad, Kashi]] for her great contribution to Indian Kathak Dance.

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book |title=Indian theatre: traditions of performance|last=Richmond |first=Farley P. |authorlink= |author2=Darius L. Swann |author3=Phillip B. Zarrilli |year=1993 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=81-208-0981-5|page= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3HIh7oPkvAMC&pg=PA198&dq=Uma+Sharma&lr=&cd=12#v=onepage&q=Uma%20Sharma&f=false |ref=Ri }}
* {{cite book |title=India's kathak dance, past present, future|last=Massey |first=Reginald|authorlink= |year=1999 |publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=81-7017-374-4|page= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yFXkPk3zMeYC&pg=RA1-PA85&dq=Uma+Sharma&cd=10#v=onepage&q=Uma%20Sharma&f=false |ref=Ma }}

==External links==
* [http://www.uma-sharma.com/ Uma Sharma Website]

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Uma}}
[[Category:Kathak exponents]]
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dancers from Delhi]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Lady Shri Ram College for Women alumni]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]
[[Category:Performers of Indian classical dance]]
[[Category:Indian dance teachers]]
[[Category:Indian classical choreographers]]
[[Category:Dance education in India]]
[[Category:Teachers of Indian classical dance]]
[[Category:Indian women choreographers]]
[[Category:Indian choreographers]]
[[Category:Women educators from Delhi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Educators from Delhi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]

Pratibha Prahlad

2020-02-16T15:35:26Z

Tiwaribharat: Added her photo taken by me.

{{Infobox person
| name = Pratibha Prahlad
| image = Pratibha Prahlad bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 7415 March 08, 2018.jpg

}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
'''Prathibha Prahlad''' is a [[Bharata Natyam]] [[dancer]], educator, choreographer, arts administrator, and author. She was the founder director of the [[Delhi International Arts Festival]].

==Personal life==
Prathibha Prahlad had her early training in dance under U..S Krishna Rao, Kalanidhi Narayanan and V.S. Muthuswamy Pillai and in Kuchipudi under Vempatti Chinna Satyam. By the time she was 20, she was an established professional dancer. Her career has taken her to platforms all over India and to festivals in over 50 countries.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

Prahlad has a post-graduate degree in Mass Communications and has contributed articles to newspapers as well as producing, directing and acting in television serials. She has also authored books on dance and related subjects.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

==Contributions==
Prahlad founded both the Prasiddha Foundation and the Forum For Art Beyond Borders.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} She is artistic director and choreographer for the Prasiddha Dance Repertory{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} and founder director of the Delhi International Arts Festival.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} She has sat on several government cultural committees and was the convener of the Culture Committee of the Commonwealth Games 2010 that designed the opening and closing ceremonies of the Games.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

Prahlad has been the subject of an [[Indian postal department|Indian Postal Department]] stamp.{{Citation needed|date=March 2018}}

==Awards and titles==
Prahlad is the recipient of numerous awards and titles. The Government of India awarded her the [[Padma Shri]] in 2016. She is the youngest recipient of the Central Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for dance (2001). She has also received the Karnataka State Government Award (2001), Sangeet Nritya Academy Award of Karnataka (1997).

==References==
{{Reflist}}
<ref>{{cite news|title=THE RHYTHM CONNECTS|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/vivacity/the-rhythm-connects.html|issue=10 Oct 2015|publisher=Daily Pioneer|accessdate=2016-01-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Living Dance, Loving Life|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/living-dance-loving-life/article1507819.ece|publisher=The Hindu|issue=4 March 2011|accessdate=2016-01-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Prathibha prahlad|url=http://www.indiansarts.com/Prathibapage.htm|agency=Indiansarts.com|accessdate=2016-01-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Prathibha prahlad|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20081206/saturday/above.htm|publisher=Tribune India|issue=6 December 2008|accessdate=2016-01-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bhartanatyam by Prathibha Prahlad|url=http://spicmacaydoon.blogspot.in/2012/02/after-soulful-gurmat-sangeet-by-prof.html|website=Spicmacaydoon|date=3 February 2012|accessdate=2016-01-05}}</ref>

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prahlad, Prathiba}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Artists from Mysore]]
[[Category:Indian women choreographers]]
[[Category:Indian choreographers]]
[[Category:Indian classical choreographers]]
[[Category:Bharatanatyam exponents]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dancers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:Women artists from Karnataka]]

Malini Awasthi

2020-02-16T15:13:18Z

Tiwaribharat: Added her photo taken by me.

{{short description|Indian folk singer|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Malini Awasthi
| background = solo_singer
| image = Malini Awasthi bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 6347 February 14, 2018.jpg
| image_size =
| landscape = 
| caption =
| birth_name =
| alias =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1967|02|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kannauj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| origin = [[Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| genre = [[Indian folk music]]
| occupation =Folk Singer
| instrument =
| years_active = 31 years
| label =
| associated_acts =
| website =
}}
'''Malini Awasthi''' (born 11 February 1967) is an Indian folk singer.<ref>{{cite web|title=Malini Awasthi mesmerises audience|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-03-25/allahabad/28058013_1_mesmerises-folk-malini-awasthi}}=</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/opinion/edit-page/Its-the-villages-where-folk-music-is-disappearing-faster/articleshow/10032647.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=It's the villages where folk music is disappearing faster | date=2011-09-19}}</ref> She sings in [[Hindi]] and related languages such as [[Awadhi]], [[Bundelkhandi]] and [[Bhojpuri]]. She also presents in [[Thumri]] and [[Kajri]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-11/allahabad/30141658_1_raga-braj-tabla | work=The Times Of India | title=Body Text Thumri, Kajri mark final day of music festival | date=2011-09-11}}</ref> The Government of India awarded her the civilian honour of the [[Padma Shri]] in 2016.<ref name="Padma Awards 2016">{{cite web | url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=135783 | title=Padma Awards 2016 | publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India | date=2016 | accessdate=2 February 2016}}</ref>

==Early life==
Malini Awasthi was born in kannauj [[Uttar Pradesh]]. She is a post graduate as well as gold medalist in [[Hindustani classical music]] from [[Bhatkhande Music Institute Deemed University|Bhatkhande University]], [[Lucknow]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Low at Bhatkhande|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-09/lucknow/28081491_1_classical-music-institute-ugc | work=The Times Of India | date=2009-09-09}}</ref> Also, she achieved a gold medal in M.A. Modern History with specialization in Medieval and modern Indian architecture, [[University of Lucknow]]. She is a Ganda bandh student of Legendary Hindustani Classical Singer, [[Padma Vibhushan]] Vidushi [[Girija Devi]] of Banaras Gharana. She is married to senior IAS officer Awanish Awasthi (UP:1987) who currently serves as Principal Secretary to Government of Uttar Pradesh.

==Career==
Malini Awasthi is a regular performer at popular classical music festival, [[Jahan-e-Khusrau]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Hues of Hori|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/article113443.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu|first=Shailaja|last=Tripathi|date=2010-02-25}}</ref> She has a high pitch voice and is popular for rendition of thumari, ''Thaare Raho Baanke Shyam''.

She participated on TV for NDTV Imagine's Junoon. She was appointed as the brand ambassador by Election Commission for UP Elections 2012 and 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title= Election Commission 'sveeps' polls in first phase| url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/up-assembly-elections-2012-election-commission-sveeps-polls-in-first-phase/articleshow/11819521.cms | work=The Times Of India | date=2012-02-09}}</ref>

She sang the song "Sunder Susheel" in the 2015 film ''[[Dum Laga Ke Haisha]]'' which had music by [[Anu Malik]].

===Academic honors and Fellowships===
*Centenary Chair Professor for the Bharat Adhyan Kendra at the Banaras Hindu University<ref>http://www.bhu.ac.in/arts/bak/teaching.php</ref>

==Cultural Performances==
===National===
*Thumri-Festival and Rag-rang-Festival, Taj-Mahotsav, Ganga- Mahotsav, Lucknow-Festival, Budh-Mahotsav, Ramayan-Mela,Kajri-Mela, Kabir-Utsav etc. in Uttar Pradesh.
* Shruti-Mandal-Samaroh, Kumbhal-Gardh-Festival, Teej- Festival-Jaipur in Rajasthan.
*Surajkund-Craft-Mela and Heritage-Festival-Pinjore in Punjab and Hayana.

===International===
*Pravasi Diwas at Trinidad, 2017<ref>https://www.hcipos.gov.in/event.php</ref>
*Festival of India in Mauritus, 2015<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.mauritiustimes.com/mt/sarita-boodhoo-69| title= Malini Awasthi Enthrals The Audience| date=21 December 2015 | newspaper=Mauritius Times}}</ref>
*ICCR 40th, Anniversary celebration in Fiji, 2011<ref>http://www.eternalmewar.in/media/newsletter/templates/2019/nl212/mmfaa2019/index.htm</ref>
*Independence Day celebration Houston, USA, 2004
*Cultural Performance in Pakistan; 2007<ref>http://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2019/jun/09/berlin-calling-for-malini-awasthi-1987935.html</ref>
*Cultural Performance in South Bank center, London, 2011<ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/worldfolkandjazz/8437627/Mystical-moment-please-switch-off-your-iPhone.html</ref>
*Indian festival celebration in Netherlands: 2002, 2003, 2015 and 2016 <ref>https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/sonal-mansingh-malini-awasthi-akademi-awardees</ref>
*Vishwa Bhojpuri Sammelan, Mauritius; 2000, 2004, 2016
*Cultural Concert in Philadelphia and Los Angeles; 2016

==Filmography==
* ''Jai Ho Chhath Maiya'' - [[Shailender Singh|Shailendra Singh]], Malini Awasthi
* [[Bhole Shankar (film)|Bhole siv# Shankar]]
* [[Bumm Bumm Bole]]
* [[Agent Vinod (2012 film)|Agent Vinod]]
* [[Dum Laga Ke Haisha]]
* ''Bhagan Ke Rekhan ki'' - [[Issaq]] (2013 film)
* [[Chaarfutiya Chhokare]] (2014 film)

[[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Shri Award to Smt Malini Awasthi, at a Civil Investiture Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on March 28, 2016.jpg|thumb|The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Shri Award to Smt Malini Awasthi, at a Civil Investiture Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on March 28, 2016]]

==Awards==
* [[Padma Shri]] (2016)<ref>https://www.bhaskar.com/news/UP-GOR-malini-awasthi-got-padma-shri-award-5285404-PHO.html</ref>
*Yash bharti UP Government 2006<ref>https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/yash-bharti-to-13-personalities/story-6qSdMSJNYsBOjtntVAK6dO.html</ref>
Uttar Pradesh Sangeet Natak Academy Fellowship
Nation Sangeet Natak Academy

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://malineeawasthi.com/main.php?v=profile Official site]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Awasthi, Malini}}
[[Category:Indian female folk singers]]
[[Category:Indian folk singers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Singers from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian singers]]

Kashinath Singh

2020-02-15T11:08:09Z

Tiwaribharat: Added his photo taken by me.

{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Kashinath Singh
| native_name = काशीनाथ सिंह
| native_name_lang = hi
| image = Kashinath Singh bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 2652 July 28, 2018.jpg
| caption = Kashinath Singh
| image_size =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1937|01|01}}
| birth_place = Jiyanpur, [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| language = [[Hindi]]
| nationality = Indian
| alma_mater = [[Banaras Hindu University]]
| notableworks = ''[[Kashi Ka Assi]]'', ''Rehan Par Ragghu'', ''Kahni Upkhan''
| occupation = Writer, novelist
| awards = {{awd|[[Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award]]|2011}}Sharad Joshi Samman Sahitya Bhushan Katha Samman Rajbhasha Samman Bharat Bharti Award
}}

'''Kashinath Singh''' ({{lang-hi|काशीनाथ सिंह}}, born 1937) is an Indian writer and scholar of [[Hindi]] language and known for writing novels and short stories in [[Hindi]]. He was formerly a professor of [[Hindi literature]] in [[Banaras Hindu University]]. He received the [[Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 2011 for his novel ''Rehan Par Ragghu'', and is considered one of the best chroniclers of the city of [[Varanasi]]. He has recently received 'Bharat Bharti Award', the state's highest literary award given by U.P. government.<ref>[http://gulfnews.com/news/world/india/narendra-modi-s-presence-has-polarised-varanasi-1.1329800 ‘Narendra Modi’s presence has polarised Varanasi’ | GulfNews.com]</ref>

==Biography==
Kashinath Singh was born in 1937 in the village of ''Jiyanpur'', in [[Chandauli]] district of north Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in a peasant family. His early schooling was done at Jiyanpur village school. He continued his education at [[Banaras Hindu University]] from where he obtained BA, MA and PhD. He started his career as a lecturer in Banaras Hindu University in 1965 and retired from there as professor and the head of the Hindi department.<ref name=kashi>{{cite web|url=http://www.samanvayindianlanguagesfestival.org/2012/kashinath-singh|title=Kashinath Singh|accessdate=23 September 2014}}</ref> Singh presently lives with his son in Varanasi in Brij Enclave on Manduadih Road. Renowned critic Dr. [[Namvar Singh]] is elder brother of Kashinath Singh.<ref name="NDTV_death">{{cite news |title=Acclaimed Hindi Author Namvar Singh Dies At 92 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/acclaimed-hindi-author-namvar-singh-dies-at-92-1996217 |accessdate=20 February 2019 |work=NDTV.com |date=20 February 2019}}</ref> He was a friend and relative of [[Doodhnath Singh]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Kashinath|title=तो यह था दूधनाथ सिंह|trans-title=So this was Doodhnath Singh|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/blog/story-kashinath-singh-article-on-doodhnath-singh-in-hindustan-on-13-january-1745720.html|accessdate=14 January 2018|work=[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]]|date=13 January 2018|language=Hindi}}</ref>

==Legacy==
[[Kashi Ka Assi]], published in 2008, is considered his most significant work. It is written from an insider’s portrait of life on the ''ghats'', the oddball characters and the student politicians from the 1970s. The novel is considered to be unique in its detailed portrayal of the colourful life of [[Varanasi]].<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.bihardays.com/kashinath-singh-wins-sahitya-akademi-award-rehan-par-ragghu Kashinath Singh wins the Sahitya Akademi award for 'Rehan par Ragghu' | BiharDays]</ref>

Kashinath Singh is also known for his unique style of writing biographies of literary personalities.<ref name=kashi /> His memoirs are compiled into the volume ''Yaad Ho Ki Na Yaad Ho'', which won the Sharad Joshi Award. Parts of ''Kashi ka Assi'' have been adapted to theatre by eminent director Usha Ganguly and the novel is also being adapted into a feature film, [[Mohalla Assi]], by [[Chandraprakash Dwivedi]].

Kashinath Singh received [[Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award]] for his novel ''Rehan Par Ragghu'' in 2011.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> In recent times, ''Kashinama'', a play based on ''Kashi Ka Assi'' has been staged 125 times in India and abroad<ref>[http://www.bihardays.com/kashinath-singh-wins-sahitya-akademi-award-rehan-par-ragghu/ Kashinath Singh wins the Sahitya Akademi award for 'Rehan par Ragghu' | BiharDays]</ref>

==Works==
* {{cite book
| url =
| title = [[Kashi Ka Assi]]
| author = Kashinath Singh
| year = 2004
| publisher = [[Rajkamal Prakashan]]
| ISBN = 9788126704224
}}
* {{cite book
| url =
| title = Rehan Par Regghu
| author = Kashinath Singh
| year = 2011
| publisher = Rajkamal Prakashan
| ISBN = 9788126719648
}}
* {{cite book
| url =
| title = Yaad Ho Ki Na Yaad Ho
| author = Kashinath Singh
| year = 2007
| publisher = Rajkamal Prakashan
| ISBN = 9788171789368
}}
* {{cite book
| url =
| title = Apna Morcha
| author = Kashinath Singh
| year = 2007
| publisher = Rajkamal Prakashan
| ISBN = 9788126713868
}}
* {{cite book
| url =
| title = Kahani Upkhan
| author = Kashinath Singh
| year = 2003
| publisher = Rajkamal Prakashan
| ISBN = 9788126707768
}}
* {{cite book
| url =
| title = Pratinidhi Kahaniyan
| author = Kashinath Singh
| year = 2008
| publisher = Rajkamal Prakashan
| ISBN = 9788126702497
}}
* {{cite book
| url =
| title = Ghar Ka Jogi Jogda
| author = Kashinath Singh
| year = 2006
| publisher = Rajkamal Prakashan
| ISBN = 8126712406
}}
* {{cite book
| url =
| title = Mahuacharit
| author = Kashinath Singh
| year = 2012
| publisher = Rajkamal Prakashan
| ISBN = 9788126722297
}}
* {{cite book
| url =
| title = Upsanhar
| author = Kashinath Singh
| year = 2014
| publisher = Rajkamal Prakashan
| ISBN = 8126726059
}}
* {{cite book
| url =
| title = Lekhak Ki Chherchhaar
| author = Kashinath Singh
| year = 2012
| publisher = Rajkamal Prakashan
| ISBN = 9789383233144
}}
* {{cite book
| url =
| title = Kavita Ki Nayi Taareekh
| author = Kashinath Singh
| year = 2012
| publisher = [[HarperCollins#HarperCollins India|HarperCollins India]]
| ISBN = 9788172239572
}}

==Awards and recognitions==
* [[Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award]]
* Sharad Joshi Samman
* Sahitya Bhushan
* Katha Samman
* Rajbhasha Samman
* Bharat Bharti Award

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://gulfnews.com/news/world/india/narendra-modi-s-presence-has-polarised-varanasi-1.1329800 Interview on Gulf News]

{{Authority control}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Hindi}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Kashinath}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Writers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]

Amjad Ali Khan

2020-02-15T09:38:04Z

Tiwaribharat: Added his photo taken by me.

{{about||the Indian classical vocalist of Kirana Gharana|Amjad Ali Khan (Indian vocalist)}}
{{for|Pakistani politician|Amjad Ali Khan (politician)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2013}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = Amjad Ali Khan
| image = Amjad Ali Khan.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| image_size =
| background = non_vocal_instrumentalist
| birth_name = Masoom Ali Khan Bangash
| alias =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1945|10|09|df=yes}}<ref name="TOI031123"/>
| birth_place = [[Gwalior]], [[Gwalior State]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date =
| origin =
| instrument = ''[[sarod]]''<ref name="RD021001"/>
| genre = [[Hindustani classical music]]
| occupation =
| years_active =
| label =
| associated_acts = [[Hafiz Ali Khan]], [[Amaan Ali Khan]], [[Ayaan Ali Khan]], [[Gurdev Singh (musician)|Gurdev Singh]]
| website = [http://sarod.com/ sarod.com]
}}

'''Amjad Ali Khan Bangash''' (born 9 October 1945) is an [[Hindustani classical music|Indian classical]] ''[[sarod]]'' player, best known for his clear and fast ekhara [[Taan (music)|taan]]s. Khan was born into a classical musical family and has performed internationally since the 1960s. He was awarded India's second highest civilian honour [[Padma Vibhushan]] in 2001.

==Career and recognition==

Khan first performed in the [[United States]] in 1963 and continued into the 2000s, with his sons.<ref name="TOI031123" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Ratliff|first=Ben|title=From India, a Sarod Dynasty Represented by Father and Sons|newspaper=The New York Times|date=30 October 2006|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/30/arts/music/30khan.html|accessdate=26 January 2018}}</ref> He has experimented with modifications to his instrument throughout his career.<ref name="NYT080607" /> Khan played with the [[Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra]] and worked as a visiting professor at the [[University of New Mexico]].<ref name="RD021001" /> In 2011, he performed on [[Carrie Newcomer]]'s album ''Everything is Everywhere''. In 2014, along with his two sons, Ayaan Ali Khan and Amaan Ali Khan, he performed<ref>https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/amjad-ali-khan-sons-perform-raga-for-peace-at-nobel-concert/</ref> 'Raga For Peace' in 2014 [[Nobel Peace Prize Concert]].

Khan was awarded 21st Rajiv Gandhi National Sadbhavna Award. Khan received [[Padma Shri]] in 1975, [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1991, and [[Padma Vibhushan]] in 2001, and was awarded the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] for 1989 and the [[List of Sangeet Natak Akademi fellows|Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]] for 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=SNA: List of Akademi Awardees – Instrumental – Sarod|publisher=[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]]|url=http://www.sangeetnatak.org/sna/awardeeslist.htm#InstrumentalSarod|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727234019/http://www.sangeetnatak.org/sna/awardeeslist.htm|archive-date=27 July 2011|accessdate=26 January 2018}} </ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Awards |publisher=[[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Ministry of Communications and Information Technology]] |url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/advsearch_awards.php?start=0&award_year=&state=&field=3&p_name=Amjad&award=All |accessdate=26 January 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625212736/http://india.gov.in/myindia/advsearch_awards.php?start=0&award_year=&state=&field=3&p_name=Amjad&award=All |archivedate=25 June 2009 |df=dmy }}</ref> He was awarded the [[Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize]] in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|title=Amjad Ali Khan – The 15th Fukuoka Asian Culture Prizes 2004|publisher=Asian Month|year=2009|url=http://asianmonth.com/prize/english/winner/|accessdate=21 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707174051/http://asianmonth.com/prize/english/winner/|archive-date=7 July 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The U.S. state [[Massachusetts]] proclaimed 20 April as Amjad Ali Khan Day in 1984.<ref name="TOI070411">{{cite news|title=Amjad Ali Khan honoured in the US|work=Press Trust of India|publisher=The Times of India|date=11 April 2007|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-04-11/us/27876291_1_amjad-ali-khan-day-sarod-maestro-tulsa|accessdate=26 January 2018}}</ref> Khan was made an honorary citizen of [[Houston]], [[Texas]], and [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]], [[Tennessee]], in 1997, and of [[Tulsa, Oklahoma|Tulsa]], [[Oklahoma]], in 2007.<ref name="TOI070411" /> He received the [[Banga-Vibhushan]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite news |title=State honours nine with Banga-Vibhushan |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-26/kolkata/29815979_1_manna-dey-mamata-banerjee-award |agency=[[Times News Network]] |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=26 July 2012 |accessdate=26 January 2018}}</ref>

A [[Gulzar]] directed documentary on Amjad Ali Khan won the Filmfare award in 1990.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0216329/|title= Ustad Amjad Ali Khan (1990) - a documentary film by Gulzar|author= |date= |work= |publisher= IMDb website|accessdate=26 January 2018}}</ref>

==Personal life==
[[File:Ustad amjat ali khan.JPG|thumbnail|Amjad Ali Khan]]
[[File:Amjad Ali Khan bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 3786 December 23, 2018.jpg|left|thumb|Ustad Amjad Ali Khan performing at the IGNCA, Delhi.]]
Born on 9 October 1945 as Masoom Ali Khan, the youngest of seven children, to Gwalior court musician [[Hafiz Ali Khan]] and Rahat Jahan.<ref name="TOI031123">{{cite news|last=Sawhney|first=Anubha|title=Amjad Ali Khan, unplugged (interview with him)|work=[[Times News Network]]|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 November 2003|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/delhi-times/amjad-ali-khan-unplugged/articleshow/297188.cms|accessdate=26 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="RD021001">{{cite web|last=Bhatia|first=Shyam|title=The sound of sarod music|publisher=[[Rediff.com]]|date=1 October 2002|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/oct/01spec.htm|accessdate=26 January 2018}}</ref> His family is part of the [[Bangash]] lineage and Khan is in the sixth generation of musicians; his family claims to have invented the ''[[sarod]]''.<ref name="RD021001" /><ref name="NYT080607">{{cite news|last=Weisman|first=Steven R.|title=Traditionalist Reshapes India's Ancient Sarod|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=7 June 1988|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/07/arts/traditionalist-reshapes-india-s-ancient-sarod.html|accessdate=26 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Rockwell|first=John|title=Review/Music; Another Indian Master, This Time of the Sarod|newspaper=The New York Times|date=24 February 1991|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/24/arts/review-music-another-indian-master-this-time-of-the-sarod.html|accessdate=26 January 2018}}</ref> His personal name was changed by a [[sadhu]] to Amjad.<ref name="TOI031123" /> Khan received [[homeschooling]] and studied music under his father.<ref name="TOI031123" /> In 1957, a cultural organization in Delhi appointed Hafiz Ali Khan as its guest and the family moved to Delhi.<ref name="TOI031123" />. Hafiz Ali Khan received training from the descendants of [[Tansen]], the magical musician, was one of the 'Nav-ratna' ( nine gems) at the court of the Mughal Emperor [[Akbar]]. Thus, Amjad belongs to the lineage of Tansen.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://penguin.co.in/thepenguindigest/ustad-amjad-ali-khan-a-bio/|title=Ustad Amjad Ali Khan}}</ref> Friends of Hafiz Ali Khan convinced him of the importance of formal schooling for his son; as a result, Amjad was taken to meet the Principal of [[Modern School (New Delhi)|Modern School]] in New Delhi and admitted there as a day scholar. He attended Modern School from 1958 to 1963.<ref name="SinghHameed1995">{{Cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Khushwant|authorlink1=Khushwant Singh|last2=Hameed|first2=[[Syeda Saiyidain Hameed|Syeda Saiyidain]]|title=A Dream Turns Seventy Five: The Modern School, 1920-1995|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZNhHR1yfzAC&pg=PA156|accessdate=26 January 2018|year=1995|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-7023-499-9|pages=156–|postscript={{inconsistent citations}}}}</ref>

As a young bachelor, Amjad had an affair with an older woman, who was a divorcee and a mother. The affair lasted eight years (1967–75), but the lady did not wish to get married to him. Amjad's family disapproved of the relationship from the very beginning, and in the early 1970s, as his father's health deteriorated, they convinced him to let go of this relationship and marry a girl chosen by them. Amjad finally agreed to their wishes around the time of his father's death in 1972. However, although his wife came from similar background and was the same age as he, Amjad did not bond with her. On the other hand, he kept in touch with his previous lover and maintained a platonic friendship with her, which was not acceptable to his wife. Hardly a year after their wedding, Amjad and his wife had a daughter. However, the marriage broke down completely around the time of the birth of the child. The process of separation and divorce was painful for the couple and to their families. An unexpected outcome was that the process of divorce was that, Amjad overcame his attachment to the divorced woman, due to differences in their thinking and mindset and gave him a clearer understanding of his cultural moorings and priorities. He came out of the relationships with the divorced woman in 1975, and divorced his wife the same year. The daughter born of this first marriage was raised by Amjad's brother, Rehmat Ali Khan, who was childless.

The following year, on 25 September 1976, Khan got married a second time. His bride was [[Bharatanatyam]] dancer Subhalakshmi Barooah, hailing from [[Assam]] in north-eastern India.<ref name="RD021001" /><ref name="TOI031123" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Zakir Hussain and Bangash brothers' ode to heritage |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=13 December 2003 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031214/ncr1.htm#3 |accessdate=26 January 2018 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625132844/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031214/ncr1.htm |archivedate=25 June 2009 |df=dmy }}</ref> They have two sons, [[Amaan Ali Khan|Amaan]] and [[Ayaan Ali Khan|Ayaan]], both of whom are performing artists trained in music by their father.<ref name="TOI031123" />

Khan cared for his [[Diabetes mellitus|diabetic]] father until he died in 1972.<ref name="TOI031123" /> Their family home in Gwalior was made into a musical center and they live in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Ramnarayan|first=Gowri|title=Commitment to tradition|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 January 2006|url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/01/08/stories/2006010800010100.htm|accessdate=26 January 2018}}</ref>

==Discography==
* ''North India: Instrumental Music of Medieval India'' (1994, [[Ocora]])
* ''Ragas Bilaskhani Todi & Brindabani Sarang'' (1994, Navras Records)
* ''[[The Rough Guide to the Music of India and Pakistan]]'' (1996, [[World Music Network]]) (contributing artist)
* ''Sarod Maestro Amjad Ali Khan with sons Amaan Ali Bangash & Ayaan Ali Bangash'' (2001, Chhanda Dhara)
* ''Music from the 13th Century'' (2005, Navras Records)
* ''[[Moksha]]'' (2005, [[Real World Records]])
* ''[[Confluence]]'' (2005, Navras Records) (jugalbandi with singer [[Girija Devi]])
* ''My Inspirations'' (2006, Navras Records)
* ''Romancing The Rains'' (2007, Navras Records)
* ''Samaagam'' (2011, [[Harmonia Mundi|World Village]]) (with the [[Scottish Chamber Orchestra]])
* ''Masterworks From The NCPA Archives'' (2012, Navras Records)

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Amjad Ali Khan}}
*{{cite web|url=http://sarod.com/|title=Sarod.com|publisher=Official website}}
*{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p42984|label=Amjad Ali Khan}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1990–99}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Amjad Ali}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]]
[[Category:Hindustani instrumentalists]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Gwalior]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Indian people of Pashtun descent]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Banga Bibhushan]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:Sarod players]]
[[Category:Modern School (New Delhi) alumni]]

Ashis Nandy

2020-02-15T09:19:48Z

Tiwaribharat: Added his photo taken by me.

{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{BLP sources|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Ashis Nandy
| image = Nandy ashis.jpg
| imagesize = 200px
| alt =
| caption = Prof. Nandy receiving [[Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize]] in 2007, Japan
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1937}}
| birth_place = [[Bhagalpur]], Bihar, British India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Political psychology|political psychologist]], [[social theorist]], [[Former Director of CSDS DELHI]]
| nationality = Indian
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Gujarat University]] ([[PhD]])
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks =
| spouse = Uma Nandy
| partner =
| children = Aditi (daughter)
| relatives = [[Pritish Nandy]] and Manish Nandy (brothers)
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards =
| signature =
| website =
| portaldisp =
| module = {{Infobox academic
| child = yes
| doctoral_advisor = P. H. Prabhu
| thesis_title = Role of a Valued Object in Personality: a Clinical Psychological Study of Money
| thesis_year = 1967
| thesis_url= http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/48663
| doctoral_students = [[Tridip Suhrud]]
}}
}}

'''Ashis Nandy''' ({{lang-bn|আশিস নন্দী}}; born 1937) is an Indian [[Political psychology|political psychologist]], [[social theorist]], and critic. A trained [[clinical psychologist]], Nandy has provided theoretical critiques of [[European colonialism]], development, modernity, secularism, [[Hindutva]], science, technology, [[nuclearism]], cosmopolitanism, and utopia. He has also offered alternative conceptions relating to cosmopolitanism and critical traditionalism. In addition to the above, Nandy has offered an original historical profile of India's commercial cinema as well as critiques of state and violence.

He was Senior Fellow and Former Director of the [[Centre for the Study of Developing Societies]] (CSDS) for several years. Today, he is a Senior Honorary Fellow at the institute and apart from being the Chairperson of the Committee for Cultural Choices and Global Futures, also in New Delhi.<ref>[http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/NANDY.HTM Ashis Nandy] [[Emory University]].</ref><ref>[http://www.csds.in/faculty_ashis_nandy.htm Ashis Nandy – Senior Honorary Fellow] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504181121/http://www.csds.in/faculty_ashis_nandy.htm |date=4 May 2009 }} [[Centre for the Study of Developing Societies]] (CSDS) website.</ref>

Nandy had received the [[Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite web | title = Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize – Laureates for 2007 | url = http://www.asianmonth.com/prize/english/18/index.html | publisher = The Fukuoka Asian Culture Prizes | accessdate = 19 November 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090208204021/http://www.asianmonth.com/prize/english/18/index.html | archive-date = 8 February 2009 | url-status = dead }}</ref> In 2008 he appeared on the list of the [[Top 100 Public Intellectuals Poll]] of the [[Foreign Policy]] magazine, published by The [[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]].<ref>{{cite web|title = Top 100 Public Intellectuals| url = https://foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4314#bios |date = May 2008| publisher = Foreign Policy | accessdate=19 November 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081205141738/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4314| archivedate= 5 December 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Nandy was born in a [[Bengali people|Bengali]] [[Christians in India|Christian]] family<ref>{{cite web|title = 25, yet no Christian| url = http://www.heraldofindia.com/article.php?id=332| publisher = [[The Herald of India]]| accessdate=27 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = A short pause| url = http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/jan/12nandy.htm|date = 12 January 1999| publisher = [[Rediff]]| accessdate=27 January 2013}}</ref> at [[Bhagalpur]], Bihar, in 1937. He is the eldest of three sons of Satish Chandra Nandy and Prafulla Nalini Nandy, and brother of [[Pritish Nandy]]. Later, his family moved to [[Calcutta]]. Nandy's mother was a teacher at [[La Martiniere Calcutta|La Martiniere School]], [[Calcutta]] and subsequently became the school's first Indian vice principal. When he was 10, British India was partitioned into two sovereign countries – India and Pakistan. He witnessed the time of conflicts and atrocities that followed.

Nandy quit medical college after three years before joining [[Hislop College]], [[Nagpur]] to study social sciences.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nakedpunch.com/articles/115|title=The Oppressed Have No Obligation to Follow the Rules of the Game|website=www.nakedpunch.com|access-date=2019-05-21}}</ref> Later he took a master's degree in sociology. However, his academic interest tended increasingly towards clinical psychology and he did his PhD in psychology at Dept. of Psychology, [[Gujarat University]], [[Ahmedabad]].

While a professed non-believer, Nandy identifies with the [[Bengali Christian]] community.<ref>"But as a Christian, do you identify with your community? Yes, I do, even though I am not a believer. I have been a nonbeliever from my teens, much to the sorrow of my parents, who were devout Christians. But I am a product of the Bengali Christian family and culture. I identify with it. I don’t disown it, particularly because it is such a small community. I do not belong to the majority community, which is 82% of the country’s population but some of them still feel and behave like a minority. [Laughs]" {{cite web|title = Ashis Nandy on being an Indian Christian, Julio Ribeiro's pain and why he opposes conversion| url = http://scroll.in/article/718353/Ashis-Nandy-on-being-an-Indian-Christian,-Julio-Ribeiro's-pain-and-why-he-opposes-conversion|date = 4 April 2015| publisher = Scroll.in| accessdate=5 April 2015}}</ref>

==Academic career==
Nandy joined the [[Centre for the Study of Developing Societies]] (CSDS), Delhi, as a young faculty member. While working there, he developed his own methodology by integrating [[clinical psychology]] and sociology. Meanwhile, he was invited by a number of universities and research institutions abroad to carry out research and to give them lectures. He served as the Director of CSDS between 1992 and 1997. He also serves on the Editorial Collective of [[Public Culture]], a reviewed journal published by Duke University Press.
[[File:Ashis Nandy bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 1807 September 01, 2017.jpg|border|left|thumb|291x291px|Ashish Nandy in the library of the CSDS.]]
Nandy has coauthored a number of human rights reports and is active in movements for peace, alternative sciences and technologies, and cultural survival. He is a member of the Executive Councils of the [[World Futures Studies Federation]], the [[Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative]], the International Network for Cultural Alternatives to Development, and the [[People's Union for Civil Liberties]]. Nandy has been a Woodrow Wilson Fellow at the [[Wilson Center]], Washington, D.C., a Charles Wallace Fellow at the [[University of Hull]], and a Fellow of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities, [[University of Edinburgh]]. He held the first UNESCO Chair at the Center for European Studies, [[University of Trier]], in 1994. In 2006 he became the National Fellow of the [[Indian Council of Social Science Research]].

Professor Nandy is an intellectual who identifies and explores numerous and diverse problems. He has written extensively in last two decades. His 1983 book, titled ''The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism'', talked about the psychological problems posed at a personal level by colonialism, for both coloniser and colonised. Nandy argues that the understanding of self is intertwined with those of race, class, and religion under colonialism, and that the Gandhian movement can be understood in part as an attempt to transcend a strong tendency of educated Indians to articulate political striving for independence in European terms. Through his prolific writing and other activities supported by his belief in non-violence, Professor Nandy has offered penetrating analysis from different angles of a wide range of problems such as political disputes and racial conflicts, and has made suggestions about how human beings can exist together, and together globally, irrespective of national boundaries.

==Works==
'''Books'''
*1978 – ''The New Vaisyas: Entrepreneurial Opportunity and Response in an Indian City''. Raymond Lee Owens and Ashis Nandy. Bombay: Allied, 1977. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic P, 1978.
*1980 – ''At the Edge of Psychology: Essays in Politics and Culture''. Delhi: Oxford UP, 1980. Delhi; Oxford: Oxford UP, 1990.
*1980 – ''Alternative Sciences: Creativity and Authenticity in Two Indian Scientists''. New Delhi: Allied, 1980. Delhi: Oxford UP, 1995.
*1983 – ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20120227110138/http://multiworldindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/the-intimate-enemy.pdf The Intimate Enemy]: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism''. Delhi: Oxford UP, 1983. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1988.
*1983 – ''Science, Hegemony and Violence: A Requiem for Modernity''. Ed. Ashis Nandy. Tokyo, Japan: United Nations University, 1988. Delhi: Oxford UP, 1990.
*1987 – ''Traditions, Tyranny, and Utopias: Essays in the Politics of Awareness''. Delhi; New York: Oxford UP, 1987. New York: Oxford UP, 1992.
*1987 – ''Science, Hegemony and Violence: A Requiem for Modernity''. Ed. Ashis Nandy. Tokyo, Japan: United Nations University, 1988. Delhi: Oxford UP, 1990.Traditions, Tyranny, and Utopias: Essays in the Politics of Awareness. Delhi; New York: Oxford UP, 1987. New York: Oxford UP, 1992.
*1988 – ''Science, Hegemony and Violence: A Requiem for Modernity''. Ed. Ashis Nandy. Tokyo, Japan: United Nations University, 1988. Delhi: Oxford UP, 1990.
*1989 – ''The Tao of Cricket: On Games of Destiny and the Destiny of Games''. New Delhi; New York: Viking, 1989. New Delhi; New York: Penguin, 1989.
*1993 – ''Barbaric Others: A Manifesto on Western Racism''. Merryl Wyn Davies, Ashis Nandy, and Ziauddin Sardar. London; Boulder, CO: Pluto Press, 1993.
*1994 – ''The Illegitimacy of Nationalism: Rabindranath Tagore and the Politics of Self''. Delhi; Oxford: Oxford UP, 1994.
*1994 – ''The Blinded Eye: Five Hundred Years of Christopher Columbus''. [[Claude Alvares]], Ziauddin Sardar, and Ashis Nandy. New York: Apex, 1994.
*1995 – ''The Savage Freud and Other Essays on Possible and Retrievable Selves''. Delhi; London: Oxford UP, 1995. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1995.
*1995 – ''Creating a Nationality: the Ramjanmabhumi Movement and Fear of the Self''. Ashis Nandy, Shikha Trivedy, and Achyut Yagnick. Delhi; Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. New York: Oxford UP, 1996.<ref>
{{cite journal |last=Israel |first=Milton |title=Ashis Nandy et al. Creating a Nationality: The Ramajanmabhumi Movement and Fear of the Self (book review) |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=103 |number=4 |date=October 1998 |pp=1311–1312 |JSTOR=2651320 |doi=10.2307/2651320}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite journal |last=Menski |first=Werner |title=Creating a Nationality: The Ramajanmabhumi Movement and Fear of the Self by Ashis Nandy (book review) |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=61 |number=2 |year=1998 |pp=371-327 |JSTOR=3107702 |doi=10.1017/s0041977x00014294}}
</ref>
*1996 – ''The Multiverse of Democracy: Essays in Honour of [[Rajni Kothari]]''. Eds. D.L. Sheth and Ashis Nandy. New Delhi; London: Sage, 1996.
*1999 – Editor, ''The Secret Politics of Our Desires: Innocence, Culpability and Indian Popular Cinema'' Zed: 1999. (also wrote introduction)
* 2002 – Time Warps – The Insistent Politics of Silent and Evasive Pasts.
* 2006 – ''Talking India: Ashis Nandy in conversation with Ramin Jahanbegloo. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006.
* 2007 – ''TIME TREKS: The Uncertain Future of Old and New Despotisms''. New Delhi: Permanent Black, 2007.
* 2007 – ''A Very Popular Exile''. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2007.

'''Selected articles'''
* {{cite journal |last=Nandy |first=Ashis |authorlink=Ashis Nandy |title=Culture, State and the Redisovery of Indian Politics |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |volume=19 |number=49 |year=1984 |pp=2078–2083 |JSTOR=4373849}}
* {{cite journal |last=Nandy |first=Ashis |authorlink=Ashis Nandy |title=An Anti-secularist Manifesto |journal=India International Centre Quarterly |volume=22 |number=1 |year=1995 |pp=35–64 |JSTOR=23003710}}
* {{cite journal |last=Nandy |first=Ashis |authorlink=Ashis Nandy |title=The Twilight of certitudes: Secularism, Hindu Nationalism, and Other Masks of Deculturation |journal=Alternatives: Global, Local, Political |volume=22 |number=2 |year=1997 |pp=157–176 |JSTOR=40644885 |doi=10.1177/030437549702200201}}
* {{cite journal |last=Nandy |first=Ashis |authorlink=Ashis Nandy |title=Nationalism, Genuine and Spurious: Mourning Two Early Post-Nationalist Strains |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |volume=41 |number=32 |date=12 August 2006 |pp=3500–3504 |JSTOR=4418563}}

'''Selected essays'''
*[http://www.littlemag.com/faith/ashis.html Unclaimed Baggage], ''The Little Magazine''
*1982 – ''The Psychology of Colonialism: Sex, Age, and Ideology in British India''. Psychiatry 45 (Aug. 1982): 197–218.
*1983 – ''Towards an Alternative Politics of Psychology''. International Social Science Journal 35.2 (1983): 323–38.
*1989 – ''The Fate of the Ideology of the State in India''. The Challenge in South Asia: Development, Democracy and Regional Cooperation. Eds. Poona Wignaraja and Akmal Hussain. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1989.
*1989 – ''The Political Culture of the Indian State''. Daedalus 118.4 (Fall 1989): 1–26.
*1990 – ''Satyajit Ray's Secret Guide''. East-West Film Journal 4.2 (June 1990): 14–37.
*1991 – ''[http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/Socissues/hindutva.html Hinduism Versus Hindutva: The Inevitability Of A Confrontation]
*1993 – ''Futures Studies: Pluralizing Human Destiny''. Futures 25.4 (May 1993): 464–65.
*1994 – ''Tagore and the Tiger of Nationalism''. Times of India 4 September 1994.
*1995 – ''History's Forgotten Doubles''. History & Theory 34.2 (1995): 44–66.
*1996 – ''Bearing Witness to the Future''. Futures 28.6–7 (Aug. 1996): 636–39.''
*1999 – ''Indian Popular Cinema as a Slum’s Eye View of Politics''. The Secret Politics of Our Desires: Innocence, Culpability and Indian Popular Cinema. Zed: 1999. 1–18. (also editor)
* 2000 – [http://www.littlemag.com/nandy.htm Gandhi after Gandhi after Gandhi (May, 2000)]
* 2002 – [http://www.india-seminar.com/2002/513/513%20ashis%20nandy.htm Obituary Of A Culture]
* 2004 – [http://india.eu.org/1733.html A Billion Gandhis]
* 2006 – [https://web.archive.org/web/20120308075700/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main16.asp?filename=In021106Cuckoo_over_p11.asp Cuckoo over the cuckoo’s nest] [[Tehelka]]
* 2007 – [https://web.archive.org/web/20121029012948/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main.asp?filename=Fe021404fuels.asp What fuels Indian Nationalism?] [[Tehelka]]
* 2009 – [https://web.archive.org/web/20121029012926/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main41.asp?filename=Ne300509the_hour.asp The Hour Of The Untamed Cosmopolitan] [[Tehelka]]; [http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-29/edit-page/28207577_1_hindus-nation-state-republican-state Partition And The Fantasy Of A Masculine State] [[The Times of India]]

==Awards==
* [[Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize]] in 2007

==Controversies==
During the [[Jaipur Literature Festival]] held in January 2013, Nandy participated in a panel where he was quoted to have made controversial statements on corruption among "lower" [[caste]]s in India. It was reported that he said,

{{quote|text=It is a fact that most of the corrupt come from OBCs and Scheduled Castes and now increasingly the Scheduled Tribes. I will give an example. One of the states with the least amount of corruption is state of West Bengal when the CPI(M) was there. And I must draw attention to the fact that in the last 100 years, nobody from OBC, SC and ST has come anywhere near to power. It is an absolutely clean state.<ref>
{{cite web|title=Most of the Corrupt From SC/STs, OBCs: Ashis Nandy|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/most-of-the-corrupt-from-scsts-obcs-ashis-nandy/788010|work=Outlook India|publisher=Outlook Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.|accessdate=16 December 2016}}
</ref>}}

[[Rajasthan Police]] lodged an [[First Information Report|FIR]] under the SC/ST Act against Ashis Nandy for his statement regarding corruption among the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC/ST]] and [[Other Backward Class|OBC]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/and-more/rajasthan-police-file-fir-summon-ashis-nandy_127053.htm|title=Rajasthan Police file FIR, summon Ashis Nandy|date=29 January 2013|publisher=}}</ref> After Nandy's lawyer moved the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] to quash all the allegations against him, the Court issued a stay order on his arrest on 1 February 2013.<ref name=DNA>{{cite news|last=ANI|title=JLF controversy: Supreme Court steps in to prevent Ashis Nandy's arrest|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_jlf-controversy-supreme-court-steps-in-to-prevent-ashis-nandy-s-arrest_1794923|accessdate=1 February 2013|newspaper=Daily News & Analysis|date=1 February 2013}}</ref> The subaltern scholar Dr. Satyanarayana has challenged Nandy's remarks and expressed shock at the vociferous support he received for this from the Indian media and academia, asking rhetorically, "Is Prof. Nandy a holy cow?".<ref>{{cite web|title=Is Prof. Ashis Nandy a holy cow?|url=http://roundtableindia.co.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6195:qis-ashis-nandy-a-sacred-cowq&catid=119:feature&Itemid=132|work=Roundtableindia.co.in|publisher=roundtableindia|accessdate=2 March 2014}}</ref>{{POV check inline|reason=Supporting views not mentioned|date=November 2016}}

Scholars say Nandy was at his satirical best when he made the comment but the sarcasm was lost on his detractors. They took this as an opportunity to attack him. But Nandy's sarcasm is well known in academic circles who were not surprised by the comment. In fact, he found support from academic quarters. Interestingly, three years later, in 2016-17, he received the KK Daomdaran Award from the Sree Narayana Mandira Samiti, Mumbai for his lifetime achievement as a scholar and intellectual, and for his contribution to the cause of the marginalised communities and castes. In 2019 he received the prestigious Hans-Kilian Award from Kohler Foundation in Germany for "research and advancement of meta-cultural humanisation".

== Views on Narendra Modi ==
{{BLP sources section|date=January 2020}}
During the dispute over Babri Masjid, Ashis Nandy began a series of interviews with [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]] members. A trained psychologist, he wanted to study the mentality of the rising Hindu nationalists. One of those he met was [[Narendra Modi]], who was then a little-known [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] functionary. Nandy interviewed Modi for several hours, and came away shaken. His subject, Nandy told me, exhibited all the traits of an authoritarian personality: puritanical rigidity, a constricted emotional life, fear of his own passions, and an enormous ego that protected a gnawing insecurity. During the interview, Modi elaborated a fantastical theory of how India was the target of a global conspiracy, in which every Muslim in the country was likely complicit. Nandy said: <blockquote>"Modi was a fascist in every sense. I don’t mean this as a term of abuse. It’s a diagnostic category."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/12/09/blood-and-soil-in-narendra-modis-india|title=Blood and Soil in Narendra Modi’s India|last=Filkins|first=Dexter|website=The New Yorker|language=en|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref></blockquote>

==Interviews==
* Ashis Nandy in conversation with Gurcharan Das<ref>{{YouTube|GslCkzFp45A}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|yMNXvxpVhys}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|bubJ56rQteA}}</ref>
* Ashis Nandy in conversation with Vinay Lal<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/Culture/Intellectuals/nandy1.html|title=Frontpage - MANAS|website=MANAS}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Science and technology studies in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

'''Sources'''
*Sardar, Ziauddin and Loon, Borin Van. 2001. Introducing Science. US: Totem Books (UK: Icon Books).

==Further reading==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120922024619/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main52.asp?filename=Ne020612Coverstory.asp Cover Story: Polymath Of Our Times] [[Tehelka]] 2 June 2012
* {{cite journal |last=Bonnett |first=Alastair |title=The Critical Traditionalism of Ashis Nandy: Occidentalism and the Dilemmas of Innocence |journal=Theory, Culture & Society |year=2012 |volume=29 |number=1 |pp=138–157 |DOI=10.1177/0263276411417462}}
* {{cite web |last=Deftereos |first=Christine |title=Contesting Secularism: Ashis Nandy and the Cultural Politics of Selfhood |publisher=University of Melbourne |date=June 2009 |url=https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/35200 |format=PDF |accessdate=30 March 2015}}
* {{cite journal |last=Mehta |first=Nalin |title=Ashis Nandy vs. the state of Gujarat: Authoritarian developmentalism, democracy and the politics of Narendra Modi |journal=South Asian History and Culture |volume=1 |number=4 |year=2010 |pp=577–596 |DOI=10.1080/19472498.2010.507028}}
* {{cite journal |last=Miller |first=Don |title=Nandy: Intimate enemy number one |journal=Postcolonial Studies |volume=1 |number=3 |year=1998 |pp=299–303 |DOI=10.1080/13688799889978}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090504181121/http://csds.in/faculty_ashis_nandy.htm Ashis Nandy, Senior Honorary Fellow, Homepage] at [[Centre for the Study of Developing Societies]] (CSDS)
*[http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/NANDY.HTM Postcolonial Studies at Emory University: Ashis Nandy]
* [http://vlal.bol.ucla.edu/multiversity/Nandy/Nandy.htm Ashis Nandy: A Short Biographical Note (2004), by Vinay Lal] [[UCLA]]
;Columns
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120528102833/http://outlookindia.com/peoplehome2.aspx?pid=4233&author=Ashis+Nandy Ashis Nady] [[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nandy, Ashis}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
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[[Category:Indian institute directors]]
[[Category:Indian male essayists]]
[[Category:Indian psychologists]]
[[Category:Indian sociologists]]
[[Category:Indian critics]]
[[Category:Cultural critics]]
[[Category:People from Bhagalpur]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:Gujarat University alumni]]
[[Category:Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize winners]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Bihar]]
[[Category:People from Bhagalpur district]]
[[Category:Scholars from Bihar]]
[[Category:Indian political writers]]

Asghar Wajahat

2020-02-15T08:42:50Z

Tiwaribharat: Added his photo taken by me.

{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox writer 
|name = Syed Asghar Wajahat
|birth_name =
|image = Asghar Wajahat bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 3158 June 21, 2015.jpg
|caption = Asghar Wajahat
|birth_date = {{birth date|1946|7|5}}
|birth_place = [[Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh|Fatehpur]] [[Fatehpur district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.
|death_date =
|death_place =
|occupation = Author
|language = [[Hindi]]
|nationality = [[India]]n, Republic of India.
|period =
|genre =
|subject =
|movement =
|influences =
|notableworks = {{unbulleted list | ''Saat Aasmaan'' | ''Jis Lahore Nai Dekhya, O Jamyai Nai''}}
|awards =
|spouse =
|relatives =
|website =
}}

'''Syed Asghar Wajahat''', popularly known as '''Asghar Wajahat''' ({{lang-hi|असग़र वजाहत}}) (born 5 July 1946), is a [[Hindi]] scholar, fiction writer, novelist, playwright, an independent documentary filmmaker and a television scriptwriter,<ref name=history>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/08/26/stories/2005082602390300.htm|title=History's reflections|newspaper= [[The Hindu]]|date= 26 August 2005}}</ref> who is most known for his work, 'Saat Aasmaan' and his acclaimed play, 'Jis Lahore Nai Dekhya, O Jamyai Nai', based on the story of an old Punjabi Hindu woman who gets left behind in Lahore, after the [[Partition of India]], and then refuses to leave.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021020/spectrum/book2.htm|title=Brilliance in untruths, half-truths, lies, and white lies|newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|date=20 October 2002}}</ref>

He has published five collections of short stories, six collections of plays and street plays, and four novels.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abhivyakti-hindi.org/lekhak/a/asghar_wajahat.htm|title=डॉ. असगर वजाहत|work=abhivyakti-hindi.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urdustudies.com/auinfo/wajahatAsghar.html|title=Untitled Document|work=urdustudies.com}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Syed Asghar Wajahat was born on 5 July 1946 in the city of [[Fatehpur, Fatehpur|Fatehpur]], in [[Fatehpur district]], Uttar Pradesh. He completed his [[Master of Arts|MA]] (Hindi) in 1968, and his PhD in 1974, also from [[Aligarh Muslim University]] (AMU), later he did his Post Doctoral Research from [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (1981–83). And by 1960, while still studying at the [[Aligarh Muslim University]], he had already started writing.

He joined [[Jamia Millia Islamia]], New Delhi in 1971 as a Lecturer of [[Hindi]], and later became a Professor and also the Head of the Department of Hindi in the university.<ref name=aligarh>{{Official|http://jmi.nic.in/FHum/asghar_hindi.htm}} {{cite web|url=http://jmi.nic.in/FHum/asghar_hindi.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-04-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006180403/http://jmi.nic.in/FHum/asghar_hindi.htm |archivedate=6 October 2007 }} at [[Jamia Millia Islamia]]</ref>

A brief Note on Asghar Wajahat

Asghar Wajahat, Professor of Hindi at Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi is a reputed Hindi writer also. He has published 20 books including five novels, six full-length plays, five collections of short stories, a travelogue, a collection of street plays and a book on literary criticism.

He has also written film scripts and conducted workshops on screen writing. He has been placed among the top ten Hindi writers according to a survey conducted by Outlook (Hindi) magazine in 2007.

His work has been translated to many Indian and foreign languages

A collection of his short stories in English entitled Lies: Half told ({{ISBN|81-87075-92-9}}) has also been published. An Italian translation of his stories was published by Centro de Studio de documentation, Universitá degli Studio de Venezia, in 1987.

Apart from his fiction, he regularly writes for various newspapers and magazines. He was guest Editor of BBCHindi.com for three months in 2007. He has also been associated with reputed Hindi literary magazines like Hans and Vartaman Sahitya as guest editor for their special issues on ‘Indian Muslims: Present and Future’ and ‘Pravasi Sahity’.

Dr. Wajahat has also been involved in Hindi cinema as a scriptwriter since 1975. He is now working on a film script for filmmaker Rajkumar Santoshi. He himself has made few documentary films including a 20-minute on the development of Urdu Ghazal.

He has been honoured by several literary organisations for his contribution to Hindi literature. [[Indu Sharma Katha Samman|Katha (UK)]], a London-based organisation gave him the ‘Best novel of the year award’ in 2005 for his novel Kaisi Aagi Lalaee.

Presently, he is Professor of Hindi, Jamia Millia Islamia. He was also the officiating Director, A.J. Kidwai Mass Communication Research Centre at Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi.

== Plays ==
His most noted [[Partition of India|Partition]] play, 'Jin Lahore Nai Dekhya', was first performed under the direction of [[Habib Tanvir]] in 1989, who subsequently took the play to Karachi, Lahore, Sydney, New York and Dubai.<ref name=history/> The play has also been performed in several regional languages, a version of it has also been directed by theatre director [[Dinesh Thakur]], and now veteran [[Bollywood]] director [[Rajkumar Santoshi]] plans to make a film on it<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatarget.com/cgi-bin/detailnews.cgi?id=6170|title=Package Deal – Saif and Kareena|website=indiatarget.com}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==
* Lies: Half Told; translated by Rakshanda Jalil; 2002, Srishti Publishers. {{ISBN|81-87075-92-9}}.
* Kaisi Aagi Lagai (Novel)
* Andhere se, collection of short stories with Pankaj Bisht, Bhasha Publication, New Delhi.
* Hindi Kahani, Punarmulyankan (criticism), co-editor, Bhasha Publication, New Delhi.
* Dilla Pahuncna hai, collection of short stories, Prakashan Sansthan, Delhi.
* Nioeant ke Sahyatra, translation of Qurratul-ain-Haider's Urdu Novel, Joanpah, Delhi.
* Hindi Urdu ka pragatioeal kavita, criticism, McMillan, Delhi.
* Firangi Laut Aaye (Play),
* Inna ka avaz (Play), Prakasan Sansthan, Delhi
* Veergati (play), Vaya Prakashan, Delhi.
* Aki (Play), Granth Ketan, 1/11244-C, Nikat Kirti Mandir, Subhash Park, Naveen Shahdra, delhi
* Nazeer Akbarabadi, translation of criticism by Prof. Mohd. Hasan, Sahitya Akademi, Delhi.
* Swimming pool collection of short stories, Rajkamal, Delhi.
* Bund Bund script of TV series, Radha Kasya, Delhi.
* Sab se sasta gosht, collection of street plays, Gagan Bharta, Delhi.
* Pak napak (play), Prem Prakashan Mandir
* Jin Lahore Nai Vekhya O Jamya e nai (play), Dinman Prakashan, Delhi.
* Sab kaha kuch, collection of short stories, Kitab Ghar, New Delhi.
* Sat asman (Novel), [[Rajkamal Prakashan]], Delhi.
* Kaisi Aagi lagaee (Novel), Rajkamal, New Delhi
* Chalte to achcha tha, (Travelogue), Rajkamal, New Delhi
* Barkha Rachaee, (Novel) Rajkamal, New Delhi
* Man mati, (Nvel), Rajkamal, New Delhi
* Patkath lekhan-vyanharik nirdeshika, Rajkamal, New Delhi
* Raste ki talash me, (Travelogue) Antika, New Delhi

== References ==
<references/>

== External links ==
* [http://www.abhivyakti-hindi.org/upanyas/rajdhani_me_har/rajdhani01.htm ''Rajdhani'', an excerpt from Novel ''Kaisi Aag Lagaai'' by Asghar Wajahat]
* [http://www.littlemag.com/bloodsport/asgharwajahat.html ''The spirits of Shah Alam Camp'', A short story by Asghar Wajahat]
* [http://www.anyatha.com/AsgharWajahat7(1).htm An article by Asghar Wajahat]
* [http://www.shabdankan.com/2015/06/baqar-ganj-ke-syed-1-asghar-wajahat.html ''Baqar ganj ke Syed'' by Asghar Wajahat]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Wajahat, Asghar}}
[[Category:Scholars from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni]]
[[Category:Jamia Millia Islamia faculty]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Hindi dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Novelists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

Arundhathi Subramaniam

2020-02-15T08:14:58Z

Tiwaribharat: Added her photo taken by me.

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{BLP sources|date=October 2010}}

{{Infobox writer
| name = Arundhathi Subramaniam
| birth_name = Arundhathi
| image = Arundhathi Subramaniam bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 4208 January 27, 2018.jpg
| caption = Arundhathi Subramaniam
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| residence = [[Mumbai]], [[Coimbatore]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = JB Petit High School, [[St. Xavier's College]], Mumbai, [[University of Mumbai]]
| occupation = Poet, writer, Journalist, critic, Curator
}}

'''Arundhathi Subramaniam''' is a noted Indian poet, writer, critic, Curator, translator, Journalist, writing in English<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.poemhunter.com/arundhathi-subramaniam/biography/|title=Biography of Arundhathi Subramaniam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/arundhathi-subramaniam|title=Arundhathi Subramaniam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.setumag.com/2017/10/interview-arundhathi-subramaniam.html|title=Interview: Arundhathi Subramaniam|access-date=2017-10-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://penguin.co.in/author/arundhathi-subramaniam/|title=Arundhathi Subramaniam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.poetryinternational.org/pi/poet/12079/Arundhathi-Subramaniam/en/nocache|title=Arundhathi Subramaniam |access-date=2008-06-01}}</ref>,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/always-and-forever-love-without-a-storyarundhathi-subramaniam-5795327/|title=Arundhathi Subramaniam’s new volume of poetry is unpredictable and utterly compelling|newspaper=The Indian Express |language=en |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>. Arundhathi is the award-winning author of twelve books of poetry and prose. She is a pioneer of Bhakti poetry.

== Life and career ==

'''Arundhathi Subramaniam''' books of poetry and prose, widely translated and anthologised, her volume of poetry, When God is a Traveller (2014) was the Season Choice of the Poetry Book Society, shortlisted for the T.S. Eliot Prize. She is the recipient of various awards and fellowships, including the inaugural Khushwant Singh Prize, the Raza Award for Poetry, the Zee Women’s Award for Literature, the International Piero Bigongiari Prize in Italy, the Mystic Kalinga award, the Charles Wallace, Visiting Arts and Homi Bhabha Fellowships, among others. She has written extensively on culture and spirituality, and has worked over the years as poetry editor, cultural curator and critic.

As prose writer, her books include The Book of Buddha, the bestselling biography of a contemporary mystic, Sadhguru: More Than a Life and most recently, Adiyogi: The Source of Yoga (co-authored with Sadhguru). As editor, her most recent book is the Penguin anthology of sacred poetry, Eating God.

Her poetry has been published in various international journals and anthologies, including ''Reasons for Belonging: Fourteen Contemporary Poets'' (Penguin India); ''Sixty Indian Poets'' (Penguin India), ''Both Sides of the Sky'' (National Book Trust, India),''We Speak in Changing Languages'' (Sahitya Akademi), ''Fulcrum No 4: An Annual of Poetry and Aesthetics'' (Fulcrum Poetry Press, US), ''The Bloodaxe Book of Contemporary Indian Poets'' (Bloodaxe, UK), ''Anthology of Contemporary Indian Poetry''<ref>{{cite web|title=Anthology of Contemporary Indian Poetry|url=http://bigbridge.org/BB17/poetry/indianpoetryanthology/Arundhathi_Subramaniam.html|publisher=BigBridge.Org|accessdate=9 June 2016}} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/893567847 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/893405019 cite #4 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC_bot/Job_18]]}}</ref>( United States ), ''[[The Dance of the Peacock]]: An Anthology of English Poetry from India'',<ref>{{cite news|last1=Grove|first1=Richard|title=The Dance of the Peacock:An Anthology of English Poetry from India|url=http://hiddenbrookpress.com/Book-Indo-EnglishPoetry.html|accessdate=5 January 2015|issue=current|publisher=Hidden Brook Press, Canada}} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/893567847 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/893405019 cite #5 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC_bot/Job_18]]}}</ref> featuring 151 Indian English poets, edited by Vivekanand Jha and published by Hidden Brook Press,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Press|first1=Hidden Brook|title=Hidden Brook Press|url=http://hiddenbrookpress.com|publisher=Hidden Brook Press|accessdate=5 January 2015}} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/893567847 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/893405019 cite #6 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC_bot/Job_18]]}}</ref> Canada. and ''Atlas: New Writing'' (Crossword/ Aark Arts)

She has worked as Head of Dance and Chauraha (an inter-arts forum) at the National Centre for the Performing Arts in Mumbai, and has been Editor of the India domain of the Poetry International Web.

==Awards==
'''Khushwant Singh Memorial Prize for Poetry''': On 25 January 2015, Arundhathi won the first [[Khushwant Singh]] Memorial Prize for Poetry for her work ''When God is a Traveller''. The prize was announced as part of ZEE [[Jaipur Literature Festival]].<ref name="TheHindu">[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/arundhathi-subramaniam-wins-poetry-prize-at-jaipur-lit-fest/article6819441.ece Arundhathi Subramaniam wins poetry prize], The Hindu 25 January 2015.</ref>

'''Mystic Kalinga Literary Award''': On 22 December 2017, Arundhathi won the first Mystic Kalinga Literary Award for her work in English Literature. The prize was announced as part of Mystic Kalinga - An International Festival of Mythology, poetry and performance, [[Kalinga Literary Festival]].<ref name="TheTimesof India">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/arundhathi-subramaniam-nabaneeta-sen-soubhagya-mishra-honoured-with-first-mystic-kalinga-literary-awards/articleshow/62219009.cms Arundhathi Subramaniam honoured with first Mystic Kalinga Literary Awards], The Times of India 23 December 2017.</ref>

==Bibliography==
{{Expand list|date=January 2016}}

===Books===

====Poetry collections====
*''Love Without a Story''. [[Amazon Westland<ref>https://www.amazon.in/Love-Without-Story-Arundhathi-Subramaniam/dp/9388689453/ref=sr 1 2?qid=1555921023&refinements=p 27%3AArundhathi+Subramaniam&s=books&sr=1-2</ref>]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/arundhathi-subramaniams-latest-book-is-on-love/article29100575.ece2019.||title=Arundhathi Subramaniam's latest book is on Love |newspaper=The Hindu|language=en |access-date=2019-08-15}}</ref> {{ISBN|978-9388689458}}
*''When God Is a Traveller''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://harpercollins.co.in/book/when-god-is-a-traveller/||title=When God Is a Traveller }}</ref> {{ISBN|978-9388689458}},<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/review-book-review-when-god-is-a-traveller-2020235||title=Book Review: When God is a Traveller |newspaper=The DNA|language=en |access-date=2014-09-24}}</ref> {{ISBN|978-9388689458}} [[Bloodaxe Books]], [[UK]], 2014. {{ISBN|978-9351363019}}
*''Where I Live: New & Selected Poems''. [[Bloodaxe Books]] [[UK]], 2009.
*''Where I Live''. (Poetry in English). [[Allied Publishers]] [[India]], 2005.
*''On Cleaning Bookshelves''. (Poetry in English). [[Allied Publishers]] [[India]], 2001.

====Prose====
*''Sadhguru: More Than A Life'', biography, Penguin Ananda, 2010 (third reprint)
*''The Book of Buddha'', Penguin, 2005 (reprinted several times)

====As Editor====
*''Pilgrim’s India (An Anthology of Essays and Poems on Sacred Journeys)'', Penguin, 2011
*''Confronting Love'' (An Anthology of Contemporary Indian Love Poems) (Co-edited with Jerry Pinto), Penguin, 2005
* ''Eating God: A Book of Bhakti Poetry'', Penguin, 2014

===Essays===
*{{cite journal |author=Subramaniam, Arundhati |authorlink= |authormask= |date=12 January 2015 |title=A lovely strangeness |department= |journal=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=92–93 |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/a-lovely-strangeness/292942 |accessdate=2016-01-07}}

===Interviews===
* MINT (2014) Writers at work, [http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/PSqqX7RG9Hiv9xvPm9mADL/Writers-at-work--Arundhati-Subramaniam.html Arundhati Subramaniam]
* Indian Express (2016), [http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/maharashtra-mitra-mandal-library-in-bandra-mcubed-poetry-arundhathi-subramaniam-4375619/ ‘I’ve relaxed into myself’]
*Indian Express (2019), ‘[https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/love-doubt-and-other-filters-5768132/ Love, Doubt, and Other Filters]’

====Appearances in the following poetry Anthologies====
* ''Travelogue : The Grand Indian Express'' (2018) ed. by Dr. Ananad Kumar and published by Authorspress, [[New Delhi]]
* ''A New Book of Indian Poems In English'' (2000) ed. by [[Gopi Kottoor]] and published by [[Poetry Chain]] and [[Writers Workshop]], [[Calcutta]]
* ''A Decade of Poetry'' ( 1997–98 ) eds. Prabhanjan K. Mishra , Menka Shivdasani, [[Jerry Pinto]] and [[Ranjit Hoskote]] Special edition (Vols. 6 and 7) of Poiesis : A Journal of Poetry Circle, [[Bombay]]

==See also==

{{portal|Poetry}}
* [[Indian English Literature]]
* [[Indian Writing in English]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://arundhathisubramaniam.webs.com/ Official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110721051923/http://india.poetryinternationalweb.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=12079&x=1 About Arundhathi Subramaniam and her poems]

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120310081537/http://india.poetryinternationalweb.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=12080 Arundhathi Subramaniam talks to Jules Mann about poetry, habitat, threshold politics, grace and a city that’s a part of her DNA]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Subramaniam, Arundhathi}}
[[Category:Indian women poets]]
[[Category:English-language poets from India]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women essayists]]
[[Category:Outlook (magazine) people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian women editors]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:Women magazine editors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Aatish Taseer

2020-02-15T07:38:05Z

Tiwaribharat: Added his photo taken by me.

{{short description|British-Indian journalist and writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2013}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2013}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aatish Taseer
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1980|11|27|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[London]], England, United Kingdom
| alma_mater = [[Amherst College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]], 2001)
| occupation = Writer, journalist
| yearsactive =
| spouse = {{marriage|Ryan Davis|2016}}
| image = Aatish Taseer bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 5114 August 03, 2019.jpg
| parents = [[Salmaan Taseer]] [[Tavleen Singh]]
}}
'''Aatish Ali Taseer''' (born 27 November 1980) is a British-born writer and journalist.<ref name="Taseer081119">{{cite news|last=Taseer|first=Aatish|url=https://time.com/5721667/aatish-taseer-india-oci/|title=I am Indian. Why Is the Government Sending Me Into Exile?|work=Time|date=8 November 2019|access-date=13 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="BBC081119">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-50342314|title=Aatish Taseer says 'sinister plan' saw him stripped of Indian citizenship|work=BBC News|date=8 November 2019|access-date=13 November 2019}}</ref>

==Early life==
Taseer was born in [[London]] to politician and businessman [[Salman Taseer]] (who was born in [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]] to a British mother and Indian father, the latter became Pakistani at partition) and [[India]]n journalist [[Tavleen Singh]]. His parents never married, he was raised by his mother and had no contact with his father until he was aged 21.<ref name="BBC081119" /><ref name="Taseer081119" /> He was raised in [[New Delhi]], before attending [[Kodaikanal International School]], a residential school in [[Kodaikanal]].<ref name=bs>[http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/lunchbs-aatish-taseer/354971/ Lunch with BS: Aatish Taseer: Passage through Islam] Kishore Singh/ New Delhi, [[Business Standard]], 14 April 2009.</ref> Taseer later studied at [[Amherst College]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-day-i-got-my-green-card-1467385905|title=The Day I Got My Green Card|last=Taseer|first=Aatish|date=2016-07-01|work=Wall Street Journal|access-date=2019-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712061838/https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-day-i-got-my-green-card-1467385905|archive-date=2016-07-12|url-status = live|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> in [[Massachusetts]], earning dual [[Bachelor of Arts]] degrees in French and [[Political Science]] in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sunday-herald/sunday-herald-articulations/quick-take-aatish-taseer-704710.html|title=Quick Take: Aatish Taseer|last=Dinesh|first=Chethana|date=November 25, 2018|website=Deccan Herald|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> In his first book ''Stranger to History'' (2009), which received many reviews in India, he wrote about his estrangement from his father who was a governor of the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] province in Pakistan.<ref name="Taseer081119" /><ref name="BBC081119" />

==Career==
Taseer has worked for [[Time (magazine)|''Time'']],<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101040119-574872,00.html "Say 'Cheese'!" by Aatish Taseer] Sunday, ''Time'', 11 January 2004.</ref> and as a freelance journalist also written for [[Prospect (magazine)|''Prospect'']],<ref>[http://www.prospect-magazine.co.uk/article_details.php?id=6992 Aatish Taseer article] [[Prospect (magazine)|''Prospect'']], July 2005.</ref> ''[[The Sunday Times]]'', ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'', ''[[Financial Times]]'', ''TAR'' magazine and ''Esquire''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lareviewofbooks.org/author-page/aatish-taseer/#!|title=Aatish Taseer|last=|first=|date=|website=Los Angeles Review of Books|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Taseer's opinion pieces have garnered both attention and critical appreciation. [[David Goodhart]] drew attention to Taseer's piece on feudal Pakistan, ''Travels with the mango king''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2009/04/travelswiththemangoking |title=Travels with the mango king |work=Prospect|date=26 April 2009|access-date=28 September 2011|url-status = dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001001540/http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2009/04/travelswiththemangoking/ |archivedate=1 October 2009 }}</ref> in his article "''Prospect''{{'}}s 10 Most Influential Articles".<ref>{{cite web|author =David Goodhart |url=http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2010/11/prospects-10-most-influential-articles |title=Prospect's 10 most influential articles |work=Prospect|date=23 November 2010|access-date=28 September 2011}}</ref> In 2010, he wrote a piece on the controversy surrounding the possible construction of the "[[Ground Zero Mosque]]" in [[Manhattan]], ''Tolerance test for New York''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2010/10/ground-zero-islamic-centre-new-york-tolerance/ |title=Tolerance test for New York |work=Prospect |date=20 October 2010|access-date=28 September 2011}}</ref>

Since his father's assassination on 6 January 2011, Taseer has written, about the situation in Pakistan leading up to and following the incident. These pieces attempt to go far beyond the immediate events surrounding his father's murder, A piece for the ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/8248162/The-killer-of-my-father-Salman-Taseer-was-showered-with-rose-petals-by-fanatics.-How-could-they-do-this.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | first=Aatish | last=Taseer | title=The killer of my father, Salman Taseer, was showered with rose petals by fanatics. How could they do this? | date=8 January 2011}}</ref> published just two days after, extended his view from the incident.

On 5 May 2011, a few days after the death of [[Osama bin Laden]], Taseer wrote a piece for the ''[[Financial Times]]'' titled "Pakistan’s Rogue Army Runs a Shattered State".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/ed7622b4-773e-11e0-aed6-00144feabdc0|title=Pakistan's rogue army runs a shattered state|last=|first=|date=5 May 2011|work=Financial Times|language=en-GB|url-access=subscription|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=10 May 2019}}</ref> It was one of the first pieces of journalism to point to the significance that Osama bin Laden had been killed in a Pakistani cantonment town, [[Abbottabad]]. In the article, Taseer stated that "he was found in this garrison town because he was the guest of the army."

On 16 July 2011, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' published a piece its editors provocatively, and somewhat misleadingly, titled "Why My Father Hated India".<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304911104576445862242908294 | work=The Wall Street Journal | first=Aatish | last=Taseer | title=Why My Father Hated India | date=16 July 2011}}</ref> Although Taseer used his father's distaste for all things Indian as an example, or metaphor, the article attempted to explain a much bigger question – a question about Pakistan's apparent unhealthy obsession with India and vice versa. It argued that "to understand the Pakistani obsession with India, to get a sense of its special edge — its hysteria — it is necessary to understand the rejection of India, its culture and past, that lies at the heart of the idea of Pakistan", He continued: "In the absence of a true national identity, Pakistan defined itself by its opposition to India." The article remained the most emailed and commented-on on ''The Wall Street Journal'' website<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.wsj.com/home-page|title=Wall Street Journal home page (search required)| work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> for days and at the end of July it was by far the most emailed of the month.

The controversy spread when, following an exchange on [[Twitter]] between Pakistani journalist, Ejaz Haider and Indian Member of Parliament and former Indian Union Minister and Under-secretary at the UN, [[Shashi Tharoor]]. Haider wrote a column in ''[[The Express Tribune]]'' titled "Aatish’s Personal Fire", Haider stated that Taseer himself seemed to suffer from an identity crisis<ref>Haider, Ejaz (18 July 2011). [http://tribune.com.pk/story/212319/aatishs-personal-fire/ Aatish’s personal fire]. ''The Express Tribune''. Retrieved 18 August 2013</ref> accusing Taseer of employing "everything except the kitchen sink in order to construct a supposedly linear reality". His central argument was that India – with its massive army arrayed along its border with Pakistan – left Pakistan with no choice but to be deeply concerned with its every move. Tharoor rose to Aatish Taseer's defense; writing in the ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'', in a piece titled "Delusional liberals",<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/columnists/shashi-tharoor/delusional-liberals|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016005035/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/columnists/shashi-tharoor/delusional-liberals|url-status=dead|title=Deccan Chronicle|archivedate=16 October 2011}}</ref> he quoted Taseer's original piece extensively and said in general he "admired the young man’s writing", and felt he had made "his point in language that was both sharp [...] heartfelt and accurate". He said that in their vitriolic response to Taseer's piece Pakistan's liberals had exposed themselves and took on Haider point-for-point, saying "that there is not and cannot be an "Indian threat" to Pakistan, simply because there is absolutely nothing Pakistan possesses that India wants." Ejaz Haider subsequently responded strongly stating "Like every other state in the world, Pakistan is also a self-interested state and the rest of the world must live with this fact; three, we have no intention of defenestrating our military, even as we would continue to kick them to extract obedience; four, we don’t need advice from across the border, especially because the Indian pundits crawled on their bellies when Mrs Indira Gandhi slapped her two-year emergency rule. We have seen worse without giving up or giving in. Thank you!"<ref>Haider, Ejaz (16 July 2011). [http://tribune.com.pk/story/217721/its-not-just-mr-tharoor/ It’s not just Mr Tharoor!]. ''The Express Tribune''. Retrieved 18 August 2013</ref>

==Personal life==
Taseer divides his time between [[New Delhi]] and [[New York City|New York]].<ref name="Hurst">{{cite web |title=The Twice-Born |url=https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/the-twice-born/ |website=Hurst |accessdate=21 August 2019 |quote=A contributor to The International New York Times, he lives in New Delhi and New York.}}</ref> In 2016, he married Ryan Davis in New York.<ref name="marriage">{{cite web |last1=Taseer |first1=Aatish |title=A Country Road Trip, From Nashville to Asheville |url=https://www.travelandleisure.com/trip-ideas/road-trips/tennessee-road-trip |website=Travel + Leisure |accessdate=21 August 2019 |date=9 October 2016 |quote=...Ryan—the tall white man from Tennessee I had married a few weeks earlier in New York...}}</ref> Previously, he was in a relationship with [[Lady Gabriella Windsor]], daughter of the [[Prince Michael of Kent|Prince]] and [[Princess Michael of Kent]],<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_aatish-taseer-lady-windsor-part-ways-report_1060807 Aatish Taseer, Lady Windsor part ways: Report] DNA India – 29 October 2006</ref> whom he had met when she was an undergraduate at [[Brown University]] in [[Providence, Rhode Island]], and he at [[Amherst College]] in [[Massachusetts]].<ref>{{cite web |title=People with Michelle Henery |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/people-with-michelle-henery-zh6n3c8dx6v |website=The Times |accessdate=21 August 2019 |date=8 December 2004}}{{paywall}}</ref>

== Citizenship ==
On 8 November 2019, Taseer's [[Overseas Citizenship of India]] was revoked by the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)| Indian Ministry of Home Affairs]] claiming he attempted to "conceal information that his father was of Pakistani origin".<ref name="BBC081119" /> Taseer has said this is untrue, he never concealed the identity of his father with whom he had no contact and his mother was always he only legal guardian as a minor.<ref name="Ellis-Petersen">{{cite news|last=Ellis-Petersen|first=Hannah|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/08/india-strips-citizenship-journalist-aatish-taseer-criticised-modi-regime|title=India strips overseas citizenship from journalist who criticised Modi regime|work=The Guardian|date=8 November 2019|access-date=13 November 2019}}</ref> Taseer alleged that the ministry didn't give him enough time and that it was an act of reprisal.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-50340387|title=आतिश तासीर ने OCI कार्ड रद्द होने पर क्या कहा?|date=2019-11-08|access-date=2019-11-09|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/aatish-taseer-journalist-time-magazine-oic-status-new-article-1616980-2019-11-08|title=I am Indian, but my govt has exiled me: Aatish Taseer responds to revocation of OIC by Centre|newspaper=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-11-09|agency=Ist}}</ref> In his May 2019 cover article for ''Time'' magazine, published during the Indian election entitled "India’s divider in chief" he was highly critical of the Indian prime minister, [[Narendra Modi]]. He told ''The Guardian'' that his citizenship issue had not caused him any problems before the ''Time'' article was published.<ref name="Ellis-Petersen" /> The Home ministry rejected the claim that the ''Time'' article had any connection to the rejection of Taseer's citizenship.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/writer-aatish-taseer-stands-to-lose-oci-card-119110701824_1.html|title=Writer Aatish Taseer conceals father's Pakistani origin, to lose OCI card|agency=Press Trust of India|date=7 November 2019|work=Business Standard India|access-date=13 November 2019}}</ref>

==Works==
Taseer's first book ''Stranger to History: A Son's Journey Through Islamic Lands'' (2009), His part memoir-part travelogue, has been translated into more than 14 languages and hailed as a "must-read" for anyone attempting to understand the Muslim world.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/mar/14/stranger-to-history-aatish-taseer Book Review] [[The guardian]], Saturday, 14 March 2009.</ref><ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/stranger-to-history-by-aatish-taseer-1669477.html Book Review] [[The Independent]], Friday, 17 April 2009.</ref> Taseer's well received translation of [[Saadat Hasan Manto]]'s short stories from the original Urdu, ''Manto: Selected Stories'', was published in 2008.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/A-question-of-identity/article16651395.ece|title=A question of identity|last=Kumar|first=Divya|date=March 31, 2010|work=The Hindu|access-date=May 14, 2019}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* ''Manto Selected Stories''. Random House. {{ISBN|81-8400-049-9}}.
* ''Stranger to History: A Son's Journey Through Islamic Lands'', McClelland & Stewart. 2009. {{ISBN|0-7710-8425-0}}.
* Translated from the English: ''Terra Islamica. Auf der Suche nach der Welt meines Vaters'', translated by Rita Seuß, Verlag C.H. Beck, München 2009
* ''The Temple-Goers'', Viking. 2010. {{ISBN|978-0-670-91850-8}}.
* ''Noon'', Faber & Faber in the US; by Picador in India and the UK. 2011. {{ISBN|978-0-86547-858-9}}.
* ''The Way Things Were'', Pan Macmillan in UK and India 2014, {{ISBN|9789382616337}}.
* ''The Twice-Born: Life and Death on the Ganges'' (2019)

==Awards==
* "2010 Costa First Novel Award shortlist" for ''The Temple-Goers''.<ref>[http://www.costabookawards.co.uk/awards/thisyearshortlist2008.aspx Costa Book Awards] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101003133038/http://www.costabookawards.co.uk/awards/thisyearshortlist2008.aspx |date=3 October 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Brown|first=Mark|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/nov/16/costa-book-prize-shortlist-unfilled |title=Costa prize shortlist falls short on biographies|work=The Guardian |date=16 November 2010|access-date=12 May 2019 |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Akbar|first=Arifa|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/costa-judge-laments-a-weak-year-for-fiction-2136069.html|title=Costa judge laments a weak year for fiction|work=The Independent|date=17 November 2010|access-date=28 September 2011|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-18/india/28218925_1_books-meghnad-desai-shortlist|title=Two books on India in UK literary award shortlist|last=|first=|date=18 November 2010|work=The Times of India|access-date=28 September 2011}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website}}
*"[http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/art-culture/a-historical-sense Studying Sanskrit]", an article by the author about his search for his roots.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Taseer, Aatish}}
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[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Taseer family|Aatish]]
[[Category:Amherst College alumni]]
[[Category:English Sikhs]]
[[Category:English people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:English people of Pakistani descent]]
[[Category:British writers of Pakistani descent]]
[[Category:British writers of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Gay writers]]
[[Category:LGBT journalists from the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:LGBT writers from the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:LGBT people from the United Kingdom]]
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[[Category:21st-century British male writers]]

Pankaj Rag

2020-02-15T07:12:13Z

Tiwaribharat: Added his photo taken by me.

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pankaj Rag
| image = Pankaj Rag bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 5477 July 27, 2016.jpg
| caption = Pankaj Rag
}}
'''Pankaj Rag''' is an Indian poet and [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer of 1990 batch.<ref>{{cite news|title=Collection of unreleased songs sung by Bollywood's greatest singers - The Economic Times|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/media/entertainment/collection-of-unreleased-songs-sung-by-bollywoods-greatest-singers/articleshow/3030538.cms?prtpage=1|accessdate=18 September 2016|date=12 May 2008}}</ref> He has served as the Commissioner of Directorate of archeology, archives and museums, in [[Bhopal]], [[Madhya Pradesh]],<ref name="economictimes">{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/business-of-bollywood/pankaj-rag-the-perfect-relacement-for-tripurari-sharan/articleshow/2846557.cms|title=Pankaj Rag: The perfect relacement for Tripurari Sharan|work=The Economic Times|accessdate=19 December 2014}}</ref> Director-General of [[National Archives of India]], and Director of [[Film and Television Institute of India]], [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Pathrabe takes over as film archives director|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/pathrabe-takes-over-as-film-archives-director/|accessdate=18 September 2016|work=Indian Express|date=3 February 2011}}</ref>

Rag was born on 30 October 1964 in [[Muzaffarpur]], [[Bihar]]. He graduated in History from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]], and completed his [[Master of Philosophy]] in modern Indian history from [[Delhi University]].<ref name="economictimes"/> Rag is a recipient of ''Kedar Samman''<ref>{{cite news|title=वर्ष 2011 के साहित्यिक सम्मान|url=http://dainiktribuneonline.com/2011/12/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7-2011-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8/|accessdate=18 September 2016|work=Dainik Tribune|date=24 December 2011}}</ref> and ''Mira Smriti'' award.<ref name="hindisamay">{{cite news|title=पंकज राग|url=http://hindisamay.com/kavita/Pankaj_Rag_ki_kavitaye.htm|accessdate=18 September 2016|work=hindisamay.com}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
*''{{cite book|title=Dhuno Ki Yatra|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan Pvt Ltd|isbn=9788126711697|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AcP5HPRDgewC&dq=inauthor:%22Pankaj+Rag%22&source=gbs_book_similarbooks|language=hi}}''
*''{{cite book|title=Yeh Bhumandal Ki Raat Hai|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan Pvt Ltd|isbn=9788126716692|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=55cyJm1287QC&dq=inauthor:%22Pankaj+Rag%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s|language=hi}}''
*''Vintage Madhya Pradesh''<ref name="hindisamay"/>
*''Rag Ragini Folio'' (Hindi & English) along with V.P. Nagayach
*''{{cite book|title=Bhopal, 50 years as capital|publisher=Madhya Pradesh Madhyam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jF1uAAAAMAAJ&q=inauthor:%22Pankaj+Rag%22&dq=inauthor:%22Pankaj+Rag%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiB8_e1opjPAhUIQiYKHUwyB5gQ6AEILjAD|language=en}}''
*''{{cite book|title=Masterpieces of Madhya Pradesh|publisher=Directorate of Archaeology, Archives & Museums, Government of Madhya Pradesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zfTVAAAAMAAJ&q=Master+Pieces+of+Madhya+Pradesh&dq=Master+Pieces+of+Madhya+Pradesh&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwihh6vXrJjPAhUE4WMKHQZJCOkQ6AEIHTAA|language=en}}''
*''{{cite book|title=Relics of 1857, Madhya Pradesh|publisher=Directorate of Archaeology, Archives, and Museums, Madhya Pradesh|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Relics_of_1857_Madhya_Pradesh.html?id=wo8MAQAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y|language=en}}''
*''{{cite book|title=1857: The Oral Tradition|publisher=Rupa & Company|isbn=9788129116222|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/1857.html?id=t5OKSQAACAAJ&redir_esc=y|language=en}}''
*''{{cite book|title=Culture Heritage of Narmada Valley|publisher=Directorate of Archaeology, Archives, and Museums, Government of Madhya Pradesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gjhuAAAAMAAJ&q=inauthor:%22Pankaj+Rag%22&dq=inauthor:%22Pankaj+Rag%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiB8_e1opjPAhUIQiYKHUwyB5gQ6AEIOTAF|language=hi}}''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*Profile of Pankaj Rag at [http://nationalarchives.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/DGA's%20Profile%201.pdf National Archives of India]
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rag, Pankaj}}
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Hindi poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Bihar]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian archaeologists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Muzaffarpur]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Scientists from Bihar]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

Vishnu Khare

2020-02-14T17:47:37Z

Tiwaribharat: Added his photo taken by me.

{{Infobox person
| name = Vishnu Khare
|image = Vishnu Khare bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 8830 January 13, 2016.jpg
| caption = Vishnu Khare
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'''Vishnu Khare''' (2 February 1940 – 19 September 2018) was an Indian Hindi poet, translator, literary and film critic, journalist and scriptwriter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lit-across-frontiers.org/profiles/vishnu-khare/ |title=Vishnu Khare - Literature Across Frontiers |publisher=Lit-across-frontiers.org |date= |accessdate=2015-04-17}}</ref> He wrote both in [[Hindi]] and English. He taught English literature at university level, served as the Programme Secretary of [[Sahitya Akademi]], the National Academy of Letters in India and was editor of the Hindi daily [[Navbharat Times]]" in [[Lucknow]], [[Jaipur]] and [[New Delhi]].<ref name="headread1">{{cite web|url=http://headread.ee/2014/?page_id=1327&lang=en |title=HeadRead / Vishnu Khare |publisher=Headread.ee |date= |accessdate=2015-04-17}}</ref>

Vishnu Khare died on 19 September 2018 due to a brain haemorrhage in New Delhi.<ref>https://www.aajtak.intoday.in/lite/story/journalist-and-poet-vishnu-khare-passes-away-tedu-1-1029716.html</ref>

==Works==
Vishnu Khare published five collections of poetry, ''Pathantar'' (2008) being the latest, and a book of criticism ''Alochana kee Pahlee Kitaab''. He was a prolific translator in Hindi, English, German and other European and Asian languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pratilipi.in/vishnu-khare/ |title=Pratilipi » विष्णु खरे / Vishnu Khare |publisher=Pratilipi.in |date= |accessdate=2015-04-17}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==

Khare was a recipient of many awards and honours, including an [[Order of the White Rose of Finland]] for his Hindi translation of the national epic of Finland, [[Kalevala]].<ref name="headread1"/> He was also awarded [[Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana]], IV Class by Government of Estonia for his Hindi translation of the national epic of Estonia, [[Kalevipoeg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.postimees.ee/1130446/full-list-estonia-thanks-and-recognises-99-people-with-decorations |title=Full list: Estonia thanks and recognises 99 people with decorations - Local News - Estonian news in English |publisher=News.postimees.ee |date= 2013-02-07|accessdate=2015-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.estinst.ee/issues/157_2010_elm_sygis_issuu.pdf |title=Elm : Estonian Literary Magazine |date=2010 |publisher=Estinst.ee |accessdate=2015-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924002451/http://www.estinst.ee/issues/157_2010_elm_sygis_issuu.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead |df= }}</ref> He received many prestigious Hindi literary awards like the Rahguveer Sahay Samman, Maithilisharan Gupt Samman as well as the Shikhar Samman.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.printweek.in/page/printfair.aspx |title=Print Fair - PrintWeek India |publisher=Printweek.in |date= |accessdate=2015-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909224526/http://www.printweek.in/page/printfair.aspx |archive-date=2014-09-09 |url-status=dead |df= }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khare, Vishnu}}
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindi poets]]
[[Category:Hindi journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:Translators to Hindi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian literary critics]]
[[Category:Order of the White Rose of Finland]]
[[Category:Deaths from cerebrovascular disease]]

Rajendra Yadav

2020-02-14T17:38:30Z

Tiwaribharat: Added a better photo.

{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox writer
| image = Rajendra Yadav bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 5624-001 February 28, 2013.jpg
| occupation = Novelist
| nationality = Indian
| citizenship = Indian
|birth_date={{birth date|df=y|1929|8|28}}
|birth_place=[[Agra]], Uttar Pradesh, India
|death_date={{death date and age|2013|10|28|1929|8|28|df=y}}
|death_place=[[New Delhi]], India
}}

'''Rajendra Yadav''' (28 August 1929 – 28 October 2013) was a [[Hindi]] fiction writer, and a pioneer of the Hindi literary movement known as ''Nayi Kahani''. He edited the literary magazine ''HANS'', which was founded by [[Munshi Premchand]] in 1930 but ceased publication in 1953 – Yadav relaunched it on 31 July 1986, (Premchand's Birthday).<ref>[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2213/stories/20050701002109200.htm Journals of resurgence] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526093923/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2213/stories/20050701002109200.htm |date=26 May 2011 }} Frontline, The Hindu, 1 July 2005.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Swan's song: Celebrating 25 years of a landmark Hindi literary magazine|url=http://www.livemint.com/2011/12/27210710/Swan8217s-song.html |publisher=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |date=27 December 2011 }}</ref>

His wife [[Mannu Bhandari]] is also a famous Hindi fiction writer.

==Biography==
Rajendra Yadav was born in [[Agra]], Uttar Pradesh on 28 August 1929.{{Citation needed|date=March 2017}} He received his early education at Agra, and later also studied at Mawana, [[Meerut]]. He graduated in 1949, and later completed his MA in Hindi at [[Agra University]] in 1951.<ref name=lit>{{cite web |url=http://www.literatureindia.com/2010/08/28/rajendra-yadav/ |title=Rajendra Yadav |publisher=literatureindia.com |date=23 August 2010 |accessdate=11 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808075127/http://www.literatureindia.com/2010/08/28/rajendra-yadav/ |archivedate=8 August 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

His first novel was ''Pret Bolte Hain'' (''Ghosts Speak''), published in 1951 and later retitled as ''[[Sara Akash]]'' (''The Infinite Cosmos'') in the 1960s. It was the first Hindi novel to try to shock orthodox [[Culture of India|Indian cultural]] traditions. It was adapted into a movie of the same title, ''[[Sara Akash]]'', by [[Basu Chatterjee]] in 1969<ref>{{IMDb name|1408315}}</ref> and which along with [[Mrinal Sen]]'s ''[[Bhuvan Shome]]'', launched [[Parallel Cinema]] in Hindi.<ref>[http://passionforcinema.com/script-of-basu-chaterjee%E2%80%99s-debut-film-sara-akash/ Sara Akash] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080904224416/http://passionforcinema.com/script-of-basu-chaterjee%E2%80%99s-debut-film-sara-akash/ |date=4 September 2008 }}, passionforcinema.com.</ref> The films was shot the Yadav's ancestral home in [[Raja Ki Mandi]], Agra.<ref>{{cite web| title = Eminent Hindi writer Rajendra Yadav passes away| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Eminent-Hindi-writer-Rajendra-Yadav-passes-away/articleshow/24887036.cms|date= Oct 29, 2013| accessdate = 2013-10-30| publisher = The Times of India}}</ref>

''Ukhre Huey Log'', ('The Rootless People) his next novel, depicts the trauma of a couple arising out of socio-economic condition which forced them to desert the conventional path – and, still they failed to acclimatise themselves to a corrupt and devilish world. This novel envisages "living in" concept for the first time.

He wrote two more novels, ''Kulta'' (The Wayward Wife), and ''Shaah aur Maat'' (Check and Mate). He also wrote several stories and translated into Hindi many works of [[Russian language]] writers like [[Turgenev]], [[Anton Chekhov|Chekhov]], and [[Lermontov]] (A Hero of Our Times), as also [[Albert Camus]] (The Outsider).

''Ek Inch Muskaan'' (A Little Smile), which Rajendra Yadav and wife [[Mannu Bhandari]] wrote together, is a love tragedy of [[schizophrenic]] individuals.

Besides being a writer, Rajendra Yadav was also a nominated a board member of Prasar Bharti in 1999–2001.
He was awarded [[Yash Bharati Samman]] of year 2013 by Government of [[Uttar Pradesh]].

Yadav died in New Delhi at approximately midnight on 28 October 2013. He was 84 years old died. Before his death, he had been admitted to hospital.<ref>http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/renowned-hindi-author-rajendra-yadav-passes-away/1/320682.html
</ref>

== Career ==

=== Writing ===
Yadav, along with fellow Hindi writers [[Kamleshwar (writer)|Kamleshwar]] and [[Mohan Rakesh]] was one of the early pioneers of the ''Nayi Kahani'' (New Story) movement in [[Hindi literature]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Priyadarshan|date=2013-01-01|title=The Crime and Punishment of Being Rajendra Yadav|jstor=43856476|journal=Indian Literature|volume=57|issue=6 (278)|pages=23–27}}</ref> His early fiction focused on the lives of the middle class, and often touched upon political issues.<ref name=":0" />

=== Editing ===
As editor of ''[[Hans (magazine)|Hans]]'', a monthly literary magazine in Hindi, Yadav encouraged writing on themes surrounding questions of inequality and poverty.<ref name=":0" /> In his editorials for ''Hans'', he often wrote about issues concerning feminism and [[Dalit]] empowerment, and encouraged contributions to the magazine from Dalit and women writers.<ref name=":0" /> His frank style occasionally courted controversy and he was once the subject of litigation after statements made by him were alleged to offend religious sentiments.<ref name=":0" /> He was a strong advocate of freedom of expression and expressed the opinion that the refusal of Hindi writer-editors to publish good, but controversial, literature, had directly lead to the flourishing of little magazines that would publish such works.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yadav|first=Rajendra|last2=Kohli|first2=Suresh|date=2013-01-01|title=Custodians of Literature: A Note on Writer-Editors in Hindi|jstor=43856477|journal=Indian Literature|volume=57|issue=6 (278)|pages=28–41}}</ref>

==Selected bibliography==
* ''DIXANT RANA hastag bhai bhai '', 2006
* '' NONU TONU '', 2015
* ''Ukhre Huey Log'', (The Rootless People)
* ''Kulta'' (The Wayward Wife)
* ''Shaah aur Maat'' (Check and Mate).
* Strangers on the Roof, tr. by Ruth Vanita. 1994, Penguin, {{ISBN|0-14-024065-9}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaclub.com/shop/AuthorSelect.asp?Author=Rajendra+Yadav |title=Indiaclub.com |publisher=Indiaclub.com |accessdate=19 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019170155/http://www.indiaclub.com/shop/AuthorSelect.asp?Author=Rajendra+Yadav |archivedate=19 October 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* ''Ek Inch Muskaan'' (A Little Smile), with Manu Bhandari.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121022044443/http://hansmonthly.in/about_rajender.php About Rajendra Yadav, at Hans magazine website]
* [http://www.shabdankan.com/search/label/Rajendra%20Yadav Rajendra Yadav, at E-Magazine Shabdankan]
*{{IMDb name|1408315}}
* [http://www.pucl.org/jp/jp-lecture99.htm In search of roots, by Rajendra Yadav]
* [http://www.littlemag.com/reservation/rajendrayadav.html Two in the next world, by ''Rajendra Yadav'']
* [http://www.shabdankan.com/2014/09/rajendra-yadav-kahani-roushni-kahan-hai.html Roushni Kahan Hai, A Story by ''Rajendra Yadav'']
* [http://www.shabdankan.com/2014/08/poems-of-rajendra-yadav.html Poems by ''Rajendra Yadav'']

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Rajendra}}
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:Indian male essayists]]
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Agra]]
[[Category:Novelists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Noida]]
[[Category:Translators from Russian]]
[[Category:Translators from English]]
[[Category:Translators to Hindi]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

Mannu Bhandari

2020-02-14T17:19:54Z

Tiwaribharat: Added his photo taken by me.

[[thumb]]
{{BLP sources|date=August 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mannu Bhandari
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1931|4|3}}
| birth_place = [[Bhanpura]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| spouse = [[Rajendra Yadav]]
| image = Manu Bhandari bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 7163 December 27, 2015.jpg
| caption = Manu Bhandari
}}

'''Mannu Bhandari''' (born 3 April 1931) is an [[India]]n author, whose work dates up to late 1950s - early 1960s. She is most known for her two [[Hindi language|Hindi]] novels, ''Aapka Banti'' and ''Mahabhoj''. She is often credited as one of the pioneers of the Nayi Kahaani Movement, a Hindi literary movement initiated by authors including [[Nirmal Verma#Nayi Kahani movement|Nirmal Verma]], [[Rajendra Yadav]], [[Bhisham Sahni]], [[Kamleshwar (writer)|Kamleshwar]], etc. Starting in the 1950s, a newly independent India was going through societal transformations like [[urbanization]] and [[Industrialisation|industrialization]]. This demanded new debates, new opinions and new points of view, provided by those part of the Nayi Kahaani movement, including Bhandari. Narratives and stories mostly dealt with the relationship between sexes, [[Gender inequality in India|gender inequality]] and equality as a new class of working and educated women had emerged then.

Bhandari is one of the post-Independence writers who portray women under a new light, as independent and intellectual individuals. Through the subject matter of her narratives, Bhandari highlights the struggles and difficulties women have constantly encountered in the past. Sexual, emotional, mental and economic exploitation had placed women in an extremely weak position in Indian society. Her female characters in her stories are portrayed as strong, independent individuals, breaking old habits and emerging and creating an image of a'new woman'.

== Biography ==

Bhandari was born on 3 April 1931, in [[Bhanpura]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and grew up largely in [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]], where her father Sukhsampat Rai Bhandari, was a [[freedom fighter]], social reformer and the producer of the first English to Hindi and English to Marathi dictionaries.<ref>http://www.indianmemoryproject.com/tag/sukhsampat-rai-bhandari/</ref><ref>The Twentieth Century English Hindi Dictionary{{Page needed|date=August 2016}}</ref> She was the youngest of five children (two brothers, three sisters). She had her early education in Ajmer, graduated from [[Calcutta University]] and then went onto obtaining an [[Master of Arts|M.A degree]] in Hindi language and [[Hindi literature|literature]], at [[Banaras Hindu University]].
In 1946, she helped organize a strike in 1946 with the support of her teacher Sheela Agarwal. After which two of her colleagues were dismissed for being involved with [[Subhas Chandra Bose|Subhash Chandra Bose]]'s [[Indian National Army]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=OjZYf9Xf9bcC&pg=PA344&lpg=PA344&dq=Mannu+Bhandari#v=onepage&q=Mannu%20Bhandari&f=false|title=Women Writing in India: The twentieth century|last=Tharu|first=Susie J.|last2=Lalita|first2=Ke|date=1993-01-01|publisher=Feminist Press at CUNY|isbn=9781558610293|location=|pages=344|language=en}}</ref> She initially worked as a lecturer in Hindi in Calcutta, but subsequently returned to Delhi to teach Hindi literature at [[Miranda House, University of Delhi|Miranda House]] College, in the [[University of Delhi]].<ref name=":0" />

She is the wife of Hindi author and editor [[Rajendra Yadav]].<ref>http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/4656/7/07_chapter%203.pdf</ref>

== Career ==

=== Education ===
Mannu Bhandari began her career as a Hindi Professor. From 1952-1961 she taught at Kolkatta’s Baliganj Shiksha Sadan, 1961-1965 at Kolkata’s Rani Birla College, 1964-1991 at [[Miranda House, University of Delhi|Miranda House College, Delhi University]] and from 1992-1994 she chaired the directorship at Ujjain’s Premchand Srijanpith, in Vikram University.
In 2008, Bhandari was honoured with the [[Vyas Samman]], instituted by the [[K K Birla Foundation]] for her autobiography ''Ek Kahaani Yeh Bhi''. This award is given every year for outstanding literary achievements in Hindi.

Her works reflect the changing moods of society, as they shape and mould her writing and subject matter. Modernism, prevailing social issues and transformations, contemporary social situations, daily struggles of an individual have all played a part in impacting and influencing Bhandari’s works.

=== Writing ===
Bhandari's first novel, ''Ek Inch Muskaan,'' was published in 1961. It was co-authored with her husband, the writer and editor [[Rajendra Yadav]]. The story was conceived by Bhandari and involved a romance between a man and two women. Yadav contributed the title, and they wrote the dialogues for the male and female characters respectively.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Singh|first=R.S.|year=1973|title=Mannu Bhandari|jstor=24157435|journal=Indian Literature|volume=16 |issue=1/2|pages=133–142}}</ref>

She followed with her first individually published piece of writing, a story titled ''Main Haar Gayi'' (''I've Lost'') in 1957. Her second novel, ''Aap Ka Bunty'' (''Your Bunty'') portrayed the collapse of a marriage through the eyes of a child, the titular Bunty, whose parents ultimately divorce and remarry other people.<ref name=":1" /> Published to great acclaim, the novel has been described as a 'milestone and a turning point in Hindi literature'.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=XAc-7MEyrJgC&pg=PA88&lpg=PA88&dq=aap+ka+bunty#v=onepage&q=aap%20ka%20bunty&f=false|title=Indian Fiction in English Translation|last=Tiwari|first=Shubha|date=2005-01-01|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=9788126904501|location=|pages=92|language=en}}</ref> It has been translated widely, including into French, Bengali, and English.<ref name="indiatoday.intoday.in">{{Cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/writer-mannu-bhandari-loses-case-against-makers-of-the-film-samay-ki-dhara/1/354737.html|title=Writer Mannu Bhandari loses case against makers of the film Samay ki Dhara|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> This story was later adapted to a highly popular and successful play and was performed all over the nation, including at the ([[Bharat Rang Mahotsav]]) (National Theatre Festival), in [[New Delhi]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2017}}

In ''Yahi Sach Hai'' (''This is Truth'') Bhandari wrote about a woman attempting to choose between her lover, and her husband.<ref name=":1" /> Her novel, ‘Mahabhoj’ (1979) highlights the struggles and battles of a common man constantly getting sucked into the bureaucratic corruption endemic to India. Other stories and novels include ''Ek Plate Sailab'' (1962), ''Teen Nigahon Ki Ek Tasvir, Trishanku,'' and ''Aankhon Dekha Jhooth.''

Bhandari, along with her husband, [[Rajendra Yadav]], as well as other writers in Hindi, including [[Krishna Sobti]], were key figures in the Hindi literary movement called ''Nayi Kahani'' (New Story).<ref name=":0" /> Their approach was focused on real life experiences in opposition to the structured, romantic style of their predecessors.<ref name=":0" />

Critic and writer R.S. Singh has noted on an assessment of Bhandari's oeuvre that her "...forte is the middle-class woman seeking emancipation from social and moral conservatism in order to develop her personality on an equal footing with man's, and thus make her existence meaningfully significant."<ref name=":1" /> Her portrayal of female characters, use of irony, and symbolism have won critical acclaim.<ref name=":1" />

In addition to her own fiction, Bhandari has written screenplays for adaptations of two of her own works; for the film ''[[Rajnigandha]]'' (adapted from her story, ''Yahi Sach Hai'') and ''Jeena Yahan.'' She also wrote the screenplay for the film ''[[Swamy (film)|Swami]]'', which was based on a novel by [[Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay|Saratchandra Chattopadhyaya]].<ref name="India today.intoday.in"/>

== Translations and Adaptations ==
Bhandari's works have been translated into many Indian languages. Some have been adapted into films as well as for the stage. The Hindi movie ''[[Rajnigandha]]'' (1974), based on her short story [[Yahi Sach Hai]] (यही सच है),<ref>http://www.abhivyakti-hindi.org/gauravgatha/2004/yahi_such_hai/ysh1.htm</ref> won the [[Filmfare Best Movie Award]] in 1974.

=== Plays and fiction ===

* ''Ek Inch Muskaan'' translated into Kannad (H.S Parvathi)
* ''Aapka Bunty'' translated into Marathi (Indumati Shevde), Gujarati (Niranjan Sattavala), Tamil (Charu Ratnam), Kannad (H.S Parvathi), Bengali (Renuka Vishvaas), Odiya (Saudamini Bhuyan), English (Jairatan, Sunita Jain), Japanese (translation directed by Hashimoto)
* ''Mahabhoj'' translated into Marathi (Padmakar Joshi), Bengali (Ravindranath Ghosh), Gujarati (Girish Solanki), English (Richard Williams, Ruth Vanita), French (Nicole Balbeer)
* ''Mahabhoj'' (play) translated into Marathi (Arvind Deshpande - Sangeet Natak Akademi, Goa) and Kannada

=== Compilations of stories ===

* Nine stories compiled under the name ''Ek Tee'', translated into Marathi (Shubha Chitnis)
* Three compilations of nine stories from ''Satya'', five stories from ''Uttung'', and nine stories from ''Trishanku'' translated into Marathi (Chandrakant Bhonjal)
* Ten stories translated and compiled in Bengali (Gauri )
* Ten Stories translated and compiled in Manipuri (Meghchand)
* Compilation of five translated stories into English - ''The Dusk of Life'' translation (Neelam Bhandari)
* Compilation of eight stories into the language of Tajikistan (Meherunissa)
* ''Yahi Sach Hai'' translated into German and Japanese (Barbara Bomhoff)
* ''Rani Maa Ka Chabutra'' translated into French (Annie Montaut), Spanish (Alvaro Enterria)
* ''Nai Naukari'' translated into French (Kiran Chaudhary)
* ''Shaayad'' translated into Hungarian (Eva Aradi)
* ''Chashme'' translated into Dutch (Rob Van Dijk, Reinder Boverhuis, Irma Van Dam)
* ''Trishanku'' translated into German (Rosmarie Rauter), English (Charles Dent), English (nancy Stork, Newhouse)
* ''Stri Subodhini'' translated into English (Nancy Stork-Newhouse)

== Staged ==

* ''Bina Deevaron Ke Ghar'' was showcased by various theatre groups in Gwalior and Delhi
* ''Mahabhoj'' was staged by the repertory of National School of Drama
* Usha Ganguli's theatre institute based in Kolkatta organized more than a hundred shows in different cities
* Dinesh Thakur's institute put up 27 performances in Mumbai
* Arvind Deshpande directed plays in Marathi in Mumbai
* Goa's Sangeet Natak Akademi too, presented plays in Marathi
* Translated into Kannad by Dr. Tippeswami and directed by B.V Karant

==Feature and telefilms ==

* Feature FIlm ''[[Rajnigandha]]'', directed by Basu Chatterjee, based on the story ''Yahi Sach Hai'' completed its silver jubilee and was honors with many awards
* Feature film ''[[Swami (1977 film)|Swami]]'' based on the novel ''Swami'', directed by Basu Bhatterjee, too celebrated its silver jubilee and was presented a number of awards.
* Feature film ''[[Jeena Yahan]]'' based on the story ''Ekhane Aakash Neyi'' directed by Basu Chatterjee
* Vipin Natkarni directed and translated the story ''Aapka Bunty'' which was highly praised. It earned itself a 'best story' award from the Maharashtra government and twenty-three other awards
* Basu Chatterjee's directed film ''Trishanku'' was translated into Bengali and made into a feature film.

==== Controversy concerning the film adaptation of ''Aap Ka Bunty'' ====
Bhandari sold the rights to her second novel, ''Aap Ka Bunty'' and it was subsequently adapted for a film produced by Dharmendra Goyal and directed by [[Sisir Mishra]]. The film, ''Samay ki Dhara'', starred [[Shabana Azmi]], [[Shatrughan Sinha]], [[Tina Ambani|Tina Munim]] and [[Vinod Mehra]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Sinha|first=Shatrughan|title=Samay Ki Dhaara|date=1986-12-19|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0242838/|last2=Azmi|last3=Mehra|last4=Munim|first2=Shabana|first3=Vinod|first4=Tina|accessdate=2017-03-24}}</ref> Bhandari subsequently sued the filmmakers, Kala Vikas Pictures Pvt Ltd, on the grounds that the adaptation distorted her novel and consequently violated Section 57 of the [[Indian Copyright Act]], 1957. The judgment in this case, ''[[Manu Bhandari v. Kala Vikas Motion Pictures Ltd]]'' is a landmark decision in Indian copyright law that clarified the scope of an author's moral rights under Indian copyright law. The Court held in favor of Bhandari, but she and the producers ultimately settled out of court.

=== Tele Films ===

* Telefilm based on ''Akeli'' story, shown on Delhi Doordarshan Channel
* Rajendra Nath adapted ''Trishanku'' into a telefilm for Delhi Doordarshan
* Yusuf Khan adapted ''Nasha'' into a telefilm for Lucknow Doordarshan
* ''Rani Maa ka Chabutara'' was adapted into a telefilm by Vibha Sharma for Bhopal Doordarshan
* ''Asamyik Mrityu'' was adapted into a telefilm for Delhi Doordarshan by Manju Singh
* ''Mahabhoj'' story was adapted into a telefilm by William Ash for BBC London

== Awards ==
{{BLP unsourced section|date=August 2016}}
* [[Uttar Pradesh Hindi Sansthan]] (Uttar Pradesh Hindi Institute) for ''Mahabhoj'' 1980-1981
* [[Bhartiya Bhasha Parishad]] (Indian Language Council), Kolkatta, 1982
* Kala-Kunj Samman (award), New Delhi, 1982
* [[:hi:भारत की संस्कृति|Bhartiya Sanskrit Sansad Katha Samaroh]] ( Indian Sanskrit narrative function), Kolkatta, 1983
* Bihar Rajya Bhasha Parishad (Bihar State Language Council), 1991
* Rajasthan [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], 2001–02
* Maharashtra Rajya Hindi [[Sahitya Akademi]] (Maharashtra State Hindi Literature Akademi), 2004
* [[Hindi Academy]], Dilli Shalaka Samman, 2006–07
* Madhya Pradesh Hindi Sahitya Sammelan (Madhya Pradesh Hindi Literature Conference), Bhavbhuti Alankaran, 2006–07
* [[K. K. Birla Foundation]] presented her with the 18th [[Vyas Samman]] for her work, ''Ek Kahani Yeh Bhi'', an autobiographical novel.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Mannu-Bhandari-to-get-Birla-Vyas-Samman-2008/articleshow/4017252.cms|title=Mannu Bhandari to get Birla Vyas Samman 2008 - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==

=== Fiction ===

* ''Ek Inch Muskaan'' (1962) (Experimental fictional work, along with colleague [[Rajendra Yadav]]) {{ISBN|8170282446}}
* ''Aapka Bunty'' (1971) {{ISBN|978-8171194469}}
* ''Mahabhoj'' (1979) {{ISBN|9788171198399}}
* ''Swami'' (2004)

=== Anthology ===

* ''Mai Haar Gai'' (1957)
* ''Ek Plaite Sailab'' (1962) {{ISBN|978-8171197071}}
* ''Yahi Such Hai'' (1966) {{ISBN|978-8171192045}}
* ''Tin Nigahonki Ek Tasvir'' (1959) {{ISBN|978-8171197132}}
* ''Trishanku'' (1978) {{ISBN|978-8171197286}}
* ''Meri Priya Kahaniya'' (1973)
* ''Pratinidhi Kahaniya'' (1986) {{ISBN|978-8126703456}}
* ''Srestha Kahaniya'' (1979)
* ''Sampurna Kahaniya'' (2008)

=== Plays ===

* ''Bina Deevaron Ke Ghar'' (1966)
* ''Mahabhoj: Dramatisations'' (1981)
* ''Bina Divaron Ka Ghar'' (1965)
* ''Pratishodh tatha Anya Ekanki'' (1987)

=== Screenplay ===

* ''Katha-Patkatha'' (2003)

=== Autobiography ===

* ''Ek Kahaani Yeh Bhi'': (2007) It is a story of how her life was shaped by her contemporaries, her college life, her life as a freedom fighter and the ''pados culture'' of India before independence.

=== Children's Literature ===

* ''Aankhon Dekha Jhooth'' (Anthology of Stories)
* ''Aasmata'' (Fiction)
* ''Kala'' (Fiction)

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
{{Library resources box|by=yes|lcheading= Bhandari, Mannu, 1931-}}
* {{IMDb name|0080209}}
* [http://www.abhivyakti-hindi.org/gauravgatha/2004/yahi_such_hai/ysh1.htm ''Yahi Sacch Hai'' by Manu Bhandari]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhandari, Mannu}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
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[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University alumni]]
[[Category:Women writers from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Novelists from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Indian women novelists]]
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[[Category:Hindi screenwriters]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian women screenwriters]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Novelists from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women writers from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Mandsaur district]]
[[Category:People from Ajmer]]

Chitra Mudgal

2020-02-14T16:55:04Z

Tiwaribharat: added photograph

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{infobox writer
| name = Chitra Mudgal
| image = Chitra Mudgal bharat-s-tiwari-photography-chitra-mudgal April 01, 2017.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Chitra Mudgal
| pseudonym =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1943|12|10|}}
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[Madras Presidency]], British India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| occupation = Novelist, writer
| nationality = Indian
| education = [[Master of Arts|MA]] in [[Hindi Literature]]
| alma_mater = [[SNDT Women's University]]
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = ''Post Box No. 203 – Nala Sopara'', ''Aavaan''
| spouse =
| children =
| awards = {{awd |[[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Hindi|Sahitya Akademi Award]]}}
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| portaldisp =
| imagesize =
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}}

'''Chitra Mudgal''' (born 10 December 1943) is an Indian Writer and one of the leading literary figures of modern [[Hindi]] literature.

She is the first Indian woman to receive the coveted [[Vyas Samman]] for her novel ''Avaan''.

In 2019 she was awarded India's highest literary award, the [[Sahitya Akademi]], for her novel ''Post Box No. 203, Naalasopara''.

==Personal life==
Chitra Mudgal was born in [[Chennai]] on 10 December 1943.<ref name="Auto80-1">http://www.chitramudgal.info/2008/07/download-cv.html</ref> She received her M.A. in [[Hindi Literature]] from the [[SNDT Women's University]]. She married Awadh Narain Mudgal, former Editor of "Sarika", against her father's wish.<ref name=Trib>{{cite news | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041205/edit.htm#3 | title=Chitra Mudgal: A rare writer in Hindi | first=Harihar | last=Swarup | date=5 December 2004 | newspaper=The Tribune | accessdate=10 May 2018 }}</ref> She was born in a rich house and had many restrictions throughout her childhood.

==Literary work==
Her novel 'Aavaan', portrayed the lives and times of the trade union movement when nearly 300,000 workers spearheaded by [[Datta Samant]] went on a year long strike of the Mumbai textile mills, which finally saw the collapse of the city's trademark industry. This work has been unanimously acknowledged by the critics as a masterpiece of literary work and stands as a classic novel in Hindi Literature.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chitramudgal.info/2008/07/download-cv.html|title=Download CV|last=Admin|access-date=13 May 2019}}</ref>

The plot of her novel ''Aavaan'' was conceived following the murder of a committed trade union leader, [[Shankar Guha Niyogi]].<ref name="Trib" /> His murder was in fact followed by the murder of another popular unionist of Bombay, Dr. Datta Samant. Subsequently, another labour leader of Madhya Pradesh, from Maihar, was killed.

The murder of Dr. Datta Samant who was her guide and philosopher "shattered her" and became the bases of her novel ''Aavaan''.<ref name=Trib />

==Awards==
* 2000 – [[Indu Sharma Katha Samman|Indu Sharma International Katha Samman]] for novel 'Aavaan'<ref name="Auto80-1"/>
* 2003 – Vyas Sammaan by the Birla Foundation for her novel 'Aavaan'
* 2018 – [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Hindi|Hindi]] category.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/12/26/stories/2002122600810200.htm Writer without a pause, pen for a cause ]
* [http://www.streeshakti.com/Chitra-Mudgal.aspx Streeshakti – The Parallel Force]
{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Hindi}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mudgal, Chitra}}
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[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
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[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:SNDT Women's University alumni]]
[[Category:Women writers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Writers from Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian women novelists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Indian women trade unionists]]
[[Category:Trade unionists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Novelists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Women in Tamil Nadu politics]]

{{India-writer-stub}}

Kedarnath Singh

2020-02-13T14:51:40Z

Tiwaribharat: Added a better photo.

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Kedarnath Singh
| image = Kedarnath Singh bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 5611 November 24, 2015.jpg
| alt = Kedarnath Singh
| caption = Kedarnath Singh
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1934|07|07}}
| birth_place = [[Chakia, Uttar Pradesh|Chakia]], [[Benares State]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2018|03|19|1934|07|07}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| nationality = Indian
| occupation = Poet
| awards = {{plainlist|
* [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (1989)
* [[Jnanpith Award]] (2013)
}}
}}

'''Kedarnath Singh''' (7 July 1934 – 19 March 2018) was an Indian poet who wrote in Hindi.<ref name="Kedarnath Singh, 1934">{{cite web|title=Kedarnath Singh, 1934|url=https://www.loc.gov/acq/ovop/delhi/salrp/kedarnathsingh.html|publisher=loc.gov|accessdate=15 July 2012}}</ref> He was also an eminent critic and essayist. He was awarded the [[Jnanpith Award]] (2013), [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (1989) in Hindi for his poetry collection, ''Akaal Mein Saras'' (''Cranes in Drought'').

==Early life==
He was born on 7 July 1934 in village [[Chakia, Uttar Pradesh|Chakia]] of [[Ballia district]] in eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.currentbooks.com/renowned-hindi-poet-kedarnath-singh-receives-jnanpith-award-2013.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=24 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825055604/http://www.currentbooks.com/renowned-hindi-poet-kedarnath-singh-receives-jnanpith-award-2013.html |archivedate=25 August 2014 }}</ref> He completed his graduation from [[Udai Pratap College]], Varanasi. He passed M.A from [[Kashi Hindu Vishwavidyalaya]] and did his Ph.D from the same University. In Gorakhpur, he spent some time as a Hindi Teacher and went to [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], where he served as a professor and the head of department of Hindi Language in Indian Languages Center and retired as a professor from [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]], [[New Delhi]]. He lived in New Delhi. He died on 19 March 2018 in Delhi.<ref name="Scroll.in 2018">{{cite web | title=Hindi poet Kedarnath Singh dies in Delhi at 83 | website=Scroll.in | date=19 March 2018 | url=https://scroll.in/latest/872609/hindi-poet-kedarnath-singh-dies-in-delhi-at-83 | access-date=19 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/india/famous-hindi-poet-kedarnath-singh-passes-away-in-delhi-1826008|title=नहीं रहे ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार से सम्मानित मशहूर कवि केदारनाथ सिंह, साहित्य जगत में शोक की लहर|work=NDTVIndia|access-date=2018-12-04}}</ref>

==Poetic style==

Kedar Nath Singh's poetry is characterized by simple, everyday language and images that string together to convey complex themes. One of his major poems is ''Bagh'', a long poem with the tiger as its central character. Published in the mid 1980s, the poem remains one of the most widely read long poems in Hindi literature and is included in many university curricula. At some level, ''Bagh'' bears a striking resemblance to [[Ted Hughes]]' [[Crow (poetry)|Crow]], but the two remain independent in their treatment and scope. “He was a poet of both presence and absence, of love and loss, of anxieties and questions...," said culture critic and poet Ashok Vajpayee.(5)

==Major works==
*Poem Collection : Abhi Bilkul Abhi, Zameen pak Rahi Hai, Yahan se Dekho, Akaal mein Saaras, Baagh,Tolstoy aur cycle
*Essay and Stories : Mere Samay ke Shabd,Kalpana aur chhayavad, Hindi kavita mein bimb vidhan, Kabristan mein Panchayat
*Others :Taana Baana

==Awards and honours==
He received the [[Jnanpith award]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/books/books-authors/kedarnath-singh-chosen-for-jnanpith/article6134362.ece| title=Kedarnath Singh chosen for Jnanpith|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]| date=21 June 2014|accessdate=21 September 2014}}</ref> He also received [[Sahitya Akademi award]] in 1989, the Kumaran Aashan, and the Vyas Award.<ref name="Scroll.in 2018"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}
5. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jnanpith-recipient-poet-kedarnath-singh-no-more/articleshow/63386249.cms

==External links==
* {{Gbooks-author|Kedar Nath Singh}}
* [http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9 Kedarnath Singh at Kavita Kosh] '''(Hindi)'''
{{Jnanpith Award}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Hindi}}
{{SahityaAkademiFellowship}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Kedarnath}}
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:Hindi poets]]
[[Category:Indian male essayists]]
[[Category:Writers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Ballia district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi]]
[[Category:Jawaharlal Nehru University faculty]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Jnanpith Award]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Gangadhar National Award]]

Basharat Peer

2020-02-13T14:39:32Z

Tiwaribharat: Added his photo taken by me.

{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Basharat Peer
| image = Basharat Peer bharat-s-tiwari-photography-IMG 9738 July 28, 2017.jpg
| caption = Basharat Peer
| birth_date = 1977
| birth_place = [[Seer Hamdan]], [[Anantnag]], [[Jammu and Kashmir]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| education = [[Political Science]] at [[Aligarh Muslim University]] [[Law]] at [[Faculty of Law, University of Delhi]] Journalism at [[Columbia University]]
| occupation = Journalist, author and political commentator; Staff Editor at International Edition of ''[[The New York Times]]''
| employer = Reporter at ''[[Rediff]]'' Assistant Editor of ''[[Foreign Affairs]]'' Editor of ''India Ink''
| agent =
| salary =
| title =
| spouse = [[Ananya Vajpeyi]]
| children =
| relatives =
| family =
| birthname =
| alias =
| status =
| networth =
| credits = [[Curfewed Night]], A Question Of Order
| URL =
}}
'''Basharat Peer''' (born 1977) is an [[Kashmiris|Indian]] journalist, script writer, author, and political commentator, hailing from [[Kashmir]] and currently based in [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/The-Wail-of-Kashmir/391833|title=The Wail of Kashmir|date=30 November 2008|work=[[Indian Express]]|accessdate=14 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/fineprint--curfewed-night-a-memoir-on-kashmir/78255-19.html|title=Fineprint: Curfewed Night, a memoir on Kashmir|date=16 November 2008|work=[[CNN IBN]]|accessdate=14 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/lr/2008/12/07/stories/2008120750150400.htm|title=How green was my valley|date=7 December 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=14 May 2010|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> He is currently an Opinion editor at ''The New York Times'' (International).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kashmirlife.net/basharat-peer-new-york-times-staff-editor-124323/.html|title=Basharat Peer is New York Times staff Editor|date=22 December 2016|work=[[Kashmir Life]]}}{{Dead link|date=October 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Peer was a fellow of the [[Open Society Institute]] in New York, a [[George Soros]] initiative. He regards himself a Kashmiri, with his nationality being a "matter of dispute".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2010/08/11/my-nationality-a-matter-of-dispute-basharat-peer/|title=‘My Nationality a Matter of Dispute’: Basharat Peer|last=Sircar|first=Subhadip|date=2010-08-11|website=WSJ|access-date=2017-04-18}}</ref>

== Early and personal life ==
Peer was born in Seer, [[Anantnag]] in Jammu and Kashmir. He attended school in the valley of Kashmir and continued his education after matriculation in [[Aligarh]], Uttar Pradesh away from his strife-ridden birthplace. He studied political science at [[Aligarh Muslim University]], law at [[Faculty of Law, University of Delhi]], and journalism at [[Columbia University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.journalism.columbia.edu/news/362 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-06-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210230835/http://www.journalism.columbia.edu/news/362 |archivedate=10 December 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref>

Peer's father is a retired officer of the Kashmir Administrative Services.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Peer|first1=Basharat|author2=Basharat Peer|title=Curfewed Night|publisher=Random House India|isbn=9788184000900|page=52|url=https://www.amazon.com/Curfewed-Night-Basharat-Peer/dp/8184000901/191-7738555-3400949|ref=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lqiqnt4uQ34C&lpg=PA52&ots=7vD-nJAC6z&dq=basharat%20peer%20Kashmir%20Administrative%20Services&pg=PA52#v=onepage&q=basharat%20peer%20Kashmir%20Administrative%20Services&f=false|language=English}}</ref>

Peer is married to [[Ananya Vajpeyi]], an academician.<ref>http://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/basharat-peer-the-man-who-scripted-haider-114103000877_1.html</ref><ref>http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140724/jsp/opinion/story_18624378.jsp#.V5TDPNJ97IU</ref>

== Career ==
Peer started his career as a reporter at ''Rediff'' and ''Tehelka''. In his early career he was based in [[Delhi]]. He has worked as an Assistant Editor at ''[[Foreign Affairs]]'' and was a Fellow at Open Society Institute, New York. He was a Roving Editor at ''[[The Hindu]]''. He has written extensively on South Asian politics for ''[[Granta]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Kashmir's Forever War |url=http://www.granta.com/Archive/112/Kashmirs-Forever-War/1 |publisher=Granta |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131201030951/http://www.granta.com/Archive/112/Kashmirs-Forever-War/1 |archivedate=1 December 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref> ''Foreign Affairs'',<ref>{{cite web|title=India's Broken Promise|url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137530/basharat-peer/indias-broken-promise|publisher=Foreign Affairs|publication-date=May–June 2012}}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'',<ref name="The Guardian">{{cite news|last=Peer|first=Basharat|title=Victims of December 13|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/jul/05/kashmir.india|accessdate=5 July 2003|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|date=5 July 2003}}</ref> ''[[FT Magazine]]'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Divided but not forgotten|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/de2496fa-2eb8-11e2-9b98-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2pzczeovs|publisher=Financial Times Magazine|accessdate=16 November 2012}}</ref> ''[[The New Yorker]]'',<ref name="The New Yorker">{{cite news|last=Peer|first=Basharat|title=Posts by Basharat Peer|url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/basharat-peer|newspaper=The New Yorker|date=13 May 2013}}</ref> ''[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=Bound for success|url=http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/bound-for-success#full|publisher=The National|accessdate=6 June 2009}}</ref> and ''[[The Caravan]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Legacy of The Looming Tower|url=http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/legacy-looming-tower|publisher=The Caravan|accessdate=1 September 2010}}</ref>

He is the author of ''[[Curfewed Night]]'', an eyewitness account of the [[Kashmir conflict]], which won the Crossword Prize for Non-Fiction and was chosen among the Books of the Year by [[The Economist]] and [[The New Yorker]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/02/24/witnessing-kashmirs-invisible-war/?_r=0 | work=The New York Times | first=Nida | last=Najar | title=Witnessing Kashmir's Invisible War | date=24 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/jun/05/curfewed-night-basharat-peer-review | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Kamila | last=Shamsie | title=Curfewed Night: A Frontline Memoir of Life, Love and War in Kashmir by Basharat Peer | date=5 June 2010}}</ref>

Peer ran the "India Ink" blog on the digital edition of ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/media/2013/06/8530821/prominent-kashmiri-journalist-basharat-peer-take-over-times-blog-india</ref>

==Notable work==
Peer was the script writer along with [[Vishal Bhardwaj]] for the Bollywood film ''[[Haider (film)|Haider]]'' (2014). He also had a special appearance in the film.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/up-close-with-haider-s-scriptwriter-basharat-peer/story-0BtweAO0voKoigemPYUv7J.html|title=Up Close with Haider's scriptwriter, Basharat Peer|date=2014-10-10|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-08-19}}</ref>

==Publications==
{{Expand list|date=January 2019}}

* {{cite book  |title=[[Curfewed Night|Curfewed night]] |location=Noida |publisher=Random House India |year=2008 |}}
* {{cite journal |date=April 16, 2012 |title=Modern Mecca |department=A Reporter at Large |journal=The New Yorker |volume=88 |issue=9 |pages=74-81, 84-87|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/04/16/modern-mecca }}

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.asiasociety.org/video/policy-politics/curfewed-night-complete Video: Basharat Peer discusses his book ''Curfewed Night''] at the Asia Society, New York. 12 April 2010 Article about Basharat Peer adapting and co-writing the screenplay of the movie ''Haider'', an adaptation of ''Hamlet'' set in mid-1990s Kashmir and directed by Vishal Bhardwaj.
* http://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/books/the-dawn-after-curfew/article1-1192577.aspx

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Peer, Basharat}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University]]
[[Category:Analysts of Kashmir conflict]]
[[Category:Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian columnists]]
[[Category:Indian male essayists]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:Indian political writers]]
[[Category:Journalists from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]
[[Category:The New Yorker people]]
[[Category:People from Aligarh]]
[[Category:People from Anantnag district]]
[[Category:People from Anantnag]]

{{India-journalist-stub}}

List of magazines in Hindi

2019-06-28T20:01:19Z

Tiwaribharat: added a magazine which is very popular

{{multiple issues|
{{primary sources|date=January 2014}}
{{notability|Lists|date=January 2014}}
{{directory|date=September 2018}}
}}
This is a '''list of [[Hindi]]-language [[magazine]]s'''.

{| class ="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name-Mati
! Launched-May-2008
! Type- MOnthly
! Genre -Literary
! Editor- Girish Kumar Tripathi
! Publisher- Girish Kumar Tripathi

|-
|[[Meri Saheli]]
(मेरी सहेली)
|1987
|Monthly
|Women's Magazine
|Pratibha Tiwari
|Pioneer Books Pvt Ltd
|-
| ''[[Akhand Jyoti]]'' (अखण्ड ज्योति)
| January 1938
| Monthly
| Scientific Spirituality
| Pranav Pandya
| Akhand Jyoti Sansthan, Mathura
|-
| ''[[Chakmak]]'' (चकमक)
| 1985
| monthly
| children's magazine
|
| [[Eklavya foundation]]
|-
| ''[[Champak (magazine)|Champak]]'' (चंपक)
| 1968<ref name="delhi_press_grihshobha">[http://www.grihshobhaindia.com/about_publication.php Delhi Press Magazines]</ref>
| fortnightly
| children's magazine
|
| Delhi Press
|-
|-
| ''[[Chandamama]]'' (चंदामामा)
|
| monthly
| children's magazine
|
| Chandamama India Limited
|-
|-
| ''[[Grihshobha]]'' (गृहशोभा)
| 1979<ref name="delhi_press_grihshobha" />
| monthly
| [[List of women's magazines|women's magazine]]
|
| Delhi Press
|-
| ''[[India Today]] (Hindi)'' (इंडिया टुडे)
|
| weekly
| [[newsmagazine]]
|
| The India Today Group
|-
|-
| ''[[Kadambini]]'' (कादंबिनी)
|
| monthly
| literary magazine
|
| [[Hindustan Times]] Media
|-
| ''[[Panchjanya (newspaper)|Panchjanya]]'' (पान्चजन्य)
| 14 January 1948
| weekly
| general interest magazine
| Bharat Prakashan, Delhi
|
|-
|-
|-
|-
| ''[[Sarita (magazine)|Sarita]]'' (सरिता)
|
| fortnightly
| general interest family magazine
|
| Delhi Press
|-
|Bal Bharati
|
|Monthly
|Children's magazine
|
|Publications Division.
|-
|[https://www.shabdankan.com Shabdankan / शब्दांकन]
|2012
|weekly
|literature
|Bharat S Tiwari
|
|-
|}
''[[Sarvotam Patra]] (Hindi)'' (सर्वोत्तम पत्र)
|
| Monthly
| [[newsmagazine]]
|
|
==See also==
* [[List of magazines in India]]

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist}}

{{Media of India|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Magazines in Hindi}}
[[Category:Hindi-language magazines| ]]
[[Category:Hindi-language literature]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian media|Hindi magazines]]
[[Category:Lists of magazines in India|Hindi]]
[[Category:Hindi language-related lists]]

Uma Sharma

2018-04-13T17:34:17Z

Tiwaribharat:

{{Infobox person
| name = Uma Sharma
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1942}}
| birth_place = [[Dholpur]]
| occupation = Classical Dancer, choreographer, teacher
| image = Uma Sharma.jpg
}}
'''Uma Sharma''' (born 1942) is a [[kathak]] [[Indian classical dance|dancer]], choreographer and teacher. She is also runs the Bharatiya Sangeet Sadan, Delhi, a classical dance and music academy, situated in [[New Delhi]], founded by her father in 1946. She is most known for reviving the old classical dance form of ''Natwari Nritya'' or the [[Raslila]] of [[Brindavan]], which later evolved into the Kathak.<ref name=in>[http://www.indiansarts.com/UmaSharmapage.htm Uma Sharma Profile]</ref><ref>[[#Ri|Richmond, p. 198]].</ref><ref>[[#Ma|Massey, p. 83]]</ref>

Kathak is based on devotional Krishna poetry of the medieval centuries and the highly cultivated court poetry of the 18th and 19th centuries which celebrated ''[[shringara]]'', the sentiment of love.

==Early life and training==
Uma Sharma's Family hails from Dholpur in Rajasthan. Born in Delhi in 1942, Uma Sharma received her dance training from Guru Hiralalji and Girvar Dayal of the Jaipur gharana, and subsequently she became a student of Pandit Sunder Prasad of the [[Jaipur]] [[gharana]] who emphasised rhythmic footwork and its permutations., [[Shambhu Maharaj]] and [[Birju Maharaj]] noted gurus of the Kathak tradition of the [[Lucknow]] gharana, known for the art of [[abhinaya]], subsequently Uma Sharma sought to achieve a creative fusion of the two.<ref name=in/>
Uma went to [[St. Thomas' School (New Delhi)]] for schooling, and then graduated from [[Lady Shri Ram College for Women]], also in New Delhi.

==Career==
After having learnt the presentation of traditional items, she has widened the repertoire of Kathak by composing new dance numbers and full length dance-dramas on a variety of themes. Her dance drama ''Stree'' (Woman), has been known its powerful thematic content and artistic presentation. As a one-woman exposition Stree Kathak gives emotive thrust in depicting the position of Woman down the centuries and her search for an independent identity.

Uma has performed all over the country and participated in many a national and international festivals. She has been on performance tours to USSR, New Zealand, Australia, USA, Canada, Middle East, Japan and China, both on invitation from organizations abroad and as a representative of the Department of Culture and the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]].

Uma Sharma runs her own School of Music and Dance in the capital and has trained a whole new generation of younger dancers.

However, veteran dance critic and scholar Sunil Kothari of New Delhi, has criticized her dance as always being very Bollywood oriented in nature. He has also accused her of misusing her connections with various government officials to gain awards and publicity. Uma hasn't commented on such allegations.

==Awards==
In 1973 she became the youngest dancer be conferred upon with the [[Padma Shri]] by [[Government of India]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Two expressions in the medium of dance|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/Two-expressions-in-the-medium-of-dance/articleshow/40999493.cms |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |date=Mar 22, 2003 |first1=Vandana |last1=Shukla}}</ref> and [[Padma Bhushan]] 2001.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |accessdate=July 21, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6U68ulwpb?url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archivedate=November 15, 2014 |df= }}</ref> She was awarded the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] and also the [[Sahitya Kala Parishad#Sahitya Kala Parishad Awards|Sahitya Kala Parishad Award]]. On January 27, 2013, she was honoured with title '''Srijan Manishi''' by [[Akhil Bhartiya Vikram Parishad, Kashi]] for her great contribution to Indian Kathak Dance.

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book |title=Indian theatre: traditions of performance|last=Richmond |first=Farley P. |authorlink= |author2=Darius L. Swann |author3=Phillip B. Zarrilli |year=1993 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|isbn=81-208-0981-5|page= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3HIh7oPkvAMC&pg=PA198&dq=Uma+Sharma&lr=&cd=12#v=onepage&q=Uma%20Sharma&f=false |ref=Ri }}
* {{cite book |title=India's kathak dance, past present, future|last=Massey |first=Reginald|authorlink= |year=1999 |publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=81-7017-374-4|page= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yFXkPk3zMeYC&pg=RA1-PA85&dq=Uma+Sharma&cd=10#v=onepage&q=Uma%20Sharma&f=false |ref=Ma }}

==External links==
* [http://www.uma-sharma.com/ Uma Sharma Website]

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Uma}}
[[Category:Kathak exponents]]
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dancers from Delhi]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Lady Shri Ram College for Women alumni]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]
[[Category:Performers of Indian classical dance]]
[[Category:Indian dance teachers]]
[[Category:Indian classical choreographers]]
[[Category:Dance education in India]]
[[Category:Teachers of Indian classical dance]]
[[Category:Indian women choreographers]]
[[Category:Indian choreographers]]
[[Category:Women educators from Delhi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Educators from Delhi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]

Venkatesh Kumar

2018-04-13T17:14:41Z

Tiwaribharat:

{{Infobox musical artist
|name = M. Venkatesh Kumar
|image = Venkatesh Kumar.jpg
|caption =
|image_size =
|background = solo_singer
|birth_name =
|birth_date =1 July 1953
|death_date =
|origin = [[Bellary]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
|genre = [[Hindustani classical music]], [[Dasara Pada]], [[devotional song]]s
|occupation = [[singer]]
|years_active = 1970 - present
|label =
|website =
}}
Pandit '''M. Venkatesh Kumar''' was born in 1 July 1953 in Lakshmipura in the Bellary region of northern Karnataka, now in Rayadurg taluk in Ananthapura district in Andhra Pradesh. He is a [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani]] vocalist.<ref>http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-unsung-
singer/988793</ref><ref>http://www.thehindu.com/arts/music/evocative-moments/article917647.ece</ref> He is popular for his rendition of devotional songs composed by the [[Haridasa|Haridasas]].

==Early life and musical training==
Venkatesh Kumar's father late Huleppa was a folk singer and a [[Togalu Gombeyaata|leather puppeteer]]. In 1968, when he was 12 years old, Venkatesh Kumar was taken by his uncle Belagallu Veeranna to the Veereshwara Punyashrama in [[Gadag-Betageri|Gadag]], run by the [[Veerashaiva]] saint and [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani musician]], [[Puttaraj Gawai]]. Kumar lived and learned Hindustani vocal in the [[Gwalior gharana|Gwalior]] and [[Kirana gharana|Kirana]] styles under Gawai at the ashram for the next 12 years. Kumar blends these styles in his presentations, though he admits to influences beyond these gharanas, chief among them being [[Bade Ghulam Ali Khan]] of the [[Patiala gharana]]. His guru was also trained in [[Carnatic music]], and as a result, there are traces of Carnatic elements – especially in his sargam patterns – in Pandit Kumar’s music

==Career==
Kumar got his first break in 1993, 14 years after he left the ashram. He received a telegram-invitation from [[Bhimsen Joshi]] to perform at the [[Sawai Gandharva Sangeet Mahotsav]] in Pune that year. However, he had to wait for almost another ten years before he became a regular on the national festival circuit. Since then he has featured in many national musical programs, and has been an "A" grade artist of [[All India Radio]] since 1988.

In devotional music, Kumar is most acclaimed for his Kannada vachana and dasara pada singing. He also has multiple devotional and classical CD albums to his credit.

==As Teacher==
As a teacher, Venkatesh Kumar started his teaching career in Vijay Mahantesh Arts College near Gadag for one and half years. He had also taught in Mukunda Kripa in Udupi.

He received a post graduate degree in music from Gandharva Mahavidyalaya. He has authored the text book of music prescribed for the examination conducted by the government of Karnataka.

Kumar held a teaching job at the University College of Music, Dharwad, for 33 years. This commitment regularly forced him to turn down concerts, but he refused to quit the job that offered him stability at a time when concerts were hard to come by. He retired from the job in 2015.

==Awards==
He is the recipient of several titles such as

1. Karnataka Rajyotsava Award (1999)

2. Karnataka Sangeet Natya Academy Award (2007)

3. Vatsala Bhimsen Joshi Award (2008)

4. Krishna Hangal Award (2009)

5. Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (2012)

6. Honorary Doctorate from Karnataka University, Dharwad (2014)

7. Padma Shri Award by the Government of India (2016)<ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Padma-Awards-2016-Complete-list-of-Padma-Vibhushan-Padma-Bhushan-and-Padma-Shri-awardees/articleshow/50719773.cms</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Hindustani singers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:People from Dharwad district]]
[[Category:Singers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:Indian male classical singers]]

Biswajit Roy Chowdhury

2017-05-31T06:20:57Z

Tiwaribharat:

{{more footnotes|date=May 2011}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = Biswajit Roy Chowdhury
| image =
| alt =
| caption = Biswajit performing in a concert
| image_size =
| background = non_vocal_instrumentalist
| birth_name =
| alias =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1956|01|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Deoghar|Deogarh]], [[Jharkhand]], [[India]]
| origin =
| instrument = [[sarod]]
| genre = [[Hindustani classical music]]
| occupation =
| years_active =
| label =
| associated_acts = [[Amjad Ali Khan]], [[Mallikarjun Mansur]],
}}
'''Pandit Biswajit Roy Chowdhury''' was born in 1956, in Deogarh, Chowdhury was initiated into music by his father Shri Ranajit Roy Chowdhary <ref>http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/the-eminent-sarod-player-shares-the-influences-of-his-gurus/article8000199.ece</ref> , who was teacher of chemistry by profession but, more importantly, a serious [[Sarod]] player trained under the Late Ustad Hafiz Ali Khan and others. In 1978, Roy Chowdhury's talents were spotted by the Maestro Ustad [[Amjad Ali Khan]] accepting him as a disciple. A turning point came when Pandit [[Mallikarjun Mansur]]<ref>http://www.raga.info/indian-music/musicians.html</ref> took an interest in young Roy Chowdhury's quest in 1982. The union of an instrument player with Pandit Mansur set the journey on the path of fulfilling this quest. Biswajit Roy Chowdhary’s tutelage with Pandit Mallikarjun Mansur was formalized in a gandhabandhan ceremony in 1985 and the intensive guidance and training lasted till the demise of the guru in 1992. He is perhaps the only Sarod player who plays the coveted compositions from the Jaipur-Atrauli tradition.<ref>http://jpop.com/Biswajit%20Roy%20Chowdhury</ref>

Over the years Biswajit Roy Chowdhary has performed in various locations all over India and has participated regularly in some of the prestigious concerts. These include The Tansen Festival in Gwalior<ref>http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/arms-wide-open/article2714746.ece</ref>, the Shankar Lal Festival, New Delhi<ref>http://www.sundayguardianlive.com/music/8896-hindustani-classical-music-retains-its-unique-position-world-art</ref>, the Harvallabh Sangeet Samaroha in Jalundhar, the Vishnu Digambar Jayanti in Delhi, the Sankat Mochan Music Festival in Banaras, the BKF Mansur Festival in Bangalore, among others. He recorded the album "The Sarod Master" (1991) for [[Hot Club Records]], produced by guitar player [[Jon Larsen]].

Biswajit Roy Chowdhary is an acclaimed artist of the All India Radio and Doordarshan and has featured in the National music concert and the annual Radio Sangeet Sammelan.<ref>http://india.tilos.hu/trafo/english_index.html</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chowdhury, Biswajit Roy}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Hindustani instrumentalists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sarod players]]

Indira Dangi

2017-03-08T17:08:59Z

Tiwaribharat: writer wanted this photograph.

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{infobox writer
| name = Indira Dangi
| image =Indira dangi writer.jpg
| alt =Indira Dangi
| caption =Indira Dangi
| pseudonym =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1980|02|13|}}
| birth_place = [[Datia]], Madhya Pradesh, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| occupation = Novelist, playwright, writer
| nationality = Indian
| education = [[Master of Arts|MA]]
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = Haweli Sanatanpur,<ref name="jnanpith1">{{cite web|url=http://www.jnanpith.net/book/haveli-sanatanpur-0 |title=Bharatiya Jnanpith |website=Jnanpith.net |date= |accessdate=2016-12-21}}</ref> Ek Sou Pachas Premikayen, Acharya
| spouse =
| children =
| awards = {{awd |[[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Akademi (Yuva) Award]]}} {{awd |[[Jnanpith Award|Jnanpith Navlekhan Anushansa Award]]}}
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| portaldisp =
| imagesize =
| Blood Group =
| influences =
| influenced =
}}

'''Indira Dangi''' ({{lang-hi|इन्दिरा दाँगी}}) (born 13 February 1980)) is a [[Hindi language|Hindi]] novelist, playwright and [[short story writer]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Lalit Kumar |url=http://gadyakosh.org/gk/ |title=Hindi Literature :: गद्य कोश :: हिन्दी साहित्य |publisher=Gadya Kosh |date= |accessdate=2016-12-21}}</ref> She has published one novel, one theatrical play and two books of short stories.<ref name="jnanpith1"/> Her works are widely acclaimed and acknowledged.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aajtak.intoday.in/story/review-of-the-book-shukriya-imraan-sahah-by-indira-dangi-1-874841.html |title=review of the book shukriya imraan sahah by indira dangi |website=Aajtak.intoday.in |date= |accessdate=2016-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sasikmedia.com/news.php?p_id=346 |title=इंदिरा दांगी को रमाकान्त स्मृति कहानी पुरस्कार |website=Sasikmedia.com |date=13 February 2016 |accessdate=2016-12-21}}</ref> She is a recipient of the prestigious [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Akademi (Yuva) Award]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/yuva_samman_suchi.jsp |title=Yuva Puraskar :: |publisher=SAHITYA Akademi |date= |accessdate=2016-12-21}}</ref> and [[Jnanpith Award|Jnanpith Navlekhan Anushansa Award]].<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.jnanpith.net/author/indira-dangi |title=Bharatiya Jnanpith |website=Jnanpith.net |date=13 February 1980 |accessdate=2016-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bhaskar.com/news/MP-BPL-HMU-india-dangi-found-sahitya-academi-yuva-award-5171824-PHO.html |title=भोपाल की इंदिरा दांगी को मिला साहित्य अकादमी का युवा पुरस्कार |website=Bhaskar.com |date=19 November 2015 |accessdate=2016-12-21}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite web|author=Lalit Kumar |url=http://gadyakosh.org/gk/ |title=Hindi Literature :: गद्य कोश :: हिन्दी साहित्य |publisher=Gadya Kosh |date= |accessdate=2016-12-21}}
*{{cite web|author=इंदिरा दांगी |url=http://hi.pratilipi.com/indira-dangi |title=इंदिरा दांगी / Indira Dangi |website=Hi.pratilipi.com |date= |accessdate=2016-12-21}}
*{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.shabdankan.com/2015/03/kahani-paimane-by-indira-dangi.html |title=कहानी – पैमाने: इंदिरा दाँगी | Kahani 'Paimane' by Indira Dangi|#Shabdankan |website=Shabdankan.com |date=27 March 2015 |accessdate=2016-12-21}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.bhaskar.com/news/MP-BPL-HMU-india-dangi-found-sahitya-academi-yuva-award-5171824-PHO.html |title=भोपाल की इंदिरा दांगी को मिला साहित्य अकादमी का युवा पुरस्कार |website=Bhaskar.com |date=19 November 2015 |accessdate=2016-12-21}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.deshbandhu.co.in/newsdetail/5046/3/0 |title=Suppliments वो लड़की, मैं और ट्रेन |website=Deshbandhu.co.in |date= |accessdate=2016-12-21}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dangi, Indira}}
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Indian women short story writers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Writers from Bhopal]]
[[Category:Indian women dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]

Indira Dangi

2016-12-22T19:03:47Z

Tiwaribharat: added photograph

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2016}}
{{infobox writer
| name = Indira Dangi
| image =Indian-Hindi-Author-Indira-Dangi.jpg
| alt =Indira Dangi
| caption =Indira Dangi
| pseudonym =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1980|02|13|}}
| birth_place = [[Datia]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| occupation = [[Novelist]], [[Playwright]], [[Writer]]
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| education = [[Master of Arts|M.A.]]
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = Haweli Sanatanpur,<ref name="jnanpith1">{{cite web|url=http://www.jnanpith.net/book/haveli-sanatanpur-0 |title=Bharatiya Jnanpith |website=Jnanpith.net |date= |accessdate=2016-12-21}}</ref> Ek Sou Pachas Premikayen,<ref name="bookadda1">{{cite book|url=http://www.bookadda.com/books/ek-sou-pachas-premikayen-indira-dangi-8126724315-9788126724314 |title=Ek Sou Pachas Premikayen book |author=Indira Dangi |isbn=9788126724314 |website=Bookadda.com |date= |accessdate=2016-12-21}}</ref> Acharya<ref name="kgpbooks1">{{cite web|author=Indira Dangi |url=http://www.kgpbooks.com/1/12/390/aacharya-prd.html |title=Welcome |website=Kgpbooks.com |date= |accessdate=2016-12-21}}</ref>
| spouse =
| children =
| awards = {{awd |[[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Akademi (Yuva) Award]]}} {{awd |[[Jnanpith Award|Jnanpith Navlekhan Anushansa Award]]}}
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| portaldisp =
| imagesize =
| Blood Group =
| influences =
| influenced =
}}

'''Indira Dangi''' ({{lang-hi|इन्दिरा दाँगी}}) (born 13 February 1980)) is a [[Hindi language|Hindi]] [[novelist]], [[playwright]] and [[short story writer]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Lalit Kumar |url=http://gadyakosh.org/gk/ |title=Hindi Literature :: गद्य कोश :: हिन्दी साहित्य |publisher=Gadya Kosh |date= |accessdate=2016-12-21}}</ref> She has published one novel, one theatrical play and two books of short stories.<ref name="jnanpith1"/><ref name="bookadda1"/><ref name="kgpbooks1"/> Her works are widely acclaimed and acknowledged.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aajtak.intoday.in/story/review-of-the-book-shukriya-imraan-sahah-by-indira-dangi-1-874841.html |title=review of the book shukriya imraan sahah by indira dangi |website=Aajtak.intoday.in |date= |accessdate=2016-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sasikmedia.com/news.php?p_id=346 |title=इंदिरा दांगी को रमाकान्त स्मृति कहानी पुरस्कार |website=Sasikmedia.com |date=2016-02-13 |accessdate=2016-12-21}}</ref> She is a recipient of the prestigious [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Akademi (Yuva) Award]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/awards/yuva_samman_suchi.jsp |title=Yuva Puraskar :: |publisher=SAHITYA Akademi |date= |accessdate=2016-12-21}}</ref> and [[Jnanpith Award|Jnanpith Navlekhan Anushansa Award]].<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.jnanpith.net/author/indira-dangi |title=Bharatiya Jnanpith |website=Jnanpith.net |date=1980-02-13 |accessdate=2016-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bhaskar.com/news/MP-BPL-HMU-india-dangi-found-sahitya-academi-yuva-award-5171824-PHO.html |title=भोपाल की इंदिरा दांगी को मिला साहित्य अकादमी का युवा पुरस्कार |website=Bhaskar.com |date=2015-11-19 |accessdate=2016-12-21}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite web|author=Lalit Kumar |url=http://gadyakosh.org/gk/ |title=Hindi Literature :: गद्य कोश :: हिन्दी साहित्य |publisher=Gadya Kosh |date= |accessdate=2016-12-21}}
*{{cite web|author=इंदिरा दांगी |url=http://hi.pratilipi.com/indira-dangi |title=इंदिरा दांगी / Indira Dangi |website=Hi.pratilipi.com |date= |accessdate=2016-12-21}}
*{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.shabdankan.com/2015/03/kahani-paimane-by-indira-dangi.html |title=कहानी - पैमाने: इंदिरा दाँगी | Kahani 'Paimane' by Indira Dangi|#Shabdankan |website=Shabdankan.com |date=2015-03-27 |accessdate=2016-12-21}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.bhaskar.com/news/MP-BPL-HMU-india-dangi-found-sahitya-academi-yuva-award-5171824-PHO.html |title=भोपाल की इंदिरा दांगी को मिला साहित्य अकादमी का युवा पुरस्कार |website=Bhaskar.com |date=2015-11-19 |accessdate=2016-12-21}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.deshbandhu.co.in/newsdetail/5046/3/0 |title=Suppliments वो लड़की, मैं और ट्रेन |website=Deshbandhu.co.in |date= |accessdate=2016-12-21}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dangi, Indira}}
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Bhopal]]
[[Category:Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Indian dramatists and playwrights]]

Malini Awasthi

2016-03-29T03:14:59Z

Tiwaribharat:

{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Malini Awasthi
| background = solo_singer
| image =[[File:Malini Awasthi.jpg|thumb|Malini Awasthi]]
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'''Malini Awasthi''' is an Indian folk singer.<ref>{{cite web|title=Malini Awasthi mesmerises audience|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-03-25/allahabad/28058013_1_mesmerises-folk-malini-awasthi}}=</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/opinion/edit-page/Its-the-villages-where-folk-music-is-disappearing-faster/articleshow/10032647.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=It's the villages where folk music is disappearing faster | date=2011-09-19}}</ref> She sings in Hindi language dialects like [[Awadhi]], [[Bundelkhandi]] and [[Bhojpuri]]. She also presents in [[Thumri]] and [[Kajri]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-11/allahabad/30141658_1_raga-braj-tabla | work=The Times Of India | title=Body Text Thumri, Kajri mark final day of music festival | date=2011-09-11}}</ref> The Government of India awarded her the civilian honour of the [[Padma Shri]] in 2016.<ref name="Padma Awards 2016">{{cite web | url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=135783 | title=Padma Awards 2016 | publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India | date=2016 | accessdate=February 2, 2016}}</ref>

==Early life==
Malini Awasthi was born in [[Kannauj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. She is a post graduate in Hindustani classical music from Bhatkhande University Lucknow.<ref>{{cite news|title=Low at Bhatkhande|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-09/lucknow/28081491_1_classical-music-institute-ugc | work=The Times Of India | date=2009-09-09}}</ref> She is a student of Legendary Hindustani Classical Singer, Vidhushi [[Girija Devi]].

==Career==
Malini Awasthi is a regular performer at popular classical music festival, [[Jahan-e-Khusrau]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Hues of Hori|url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/article113443.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu|first=Shailaja|last=Tripathi|date=2010-02-25}}</ref> She has a high pitch voice and is popular for rendition of thumari, ''Thaare Raho Baanke Shyam''.

She also participated on TV for NDTV Imagine's Junoon. She was appointed as the brand ambassador by Election Commission for UP Elections 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title= Election Commission 'sveeps' polls in first phase| url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/up-assembly-elections-2012-election-commission-sveeps-polls-in-first-phase/articleshow/11819521.cms | work=The Times Of India | date=2012-02-09}}</ref> She performed at [[Kumbh Mela]] 2013.<ref>http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/over-three-crore-people-take-holy-dip-in-kumbh-mela-on-mauni-amavasya-328965</ref>

She sang the song "Sunder Susheel" in the 2015 film ''[[Dum Laga Ke Haisha]]'' which had music by [[Anu Malik]].

==Filmography==
* ''Jai Ho Chhath Maiya''- [[Shailender Singh|Shailendra Singh]], Malini Awasthi
* [[Bhole Shankar (film)|Bhole siv# Shankar]]
* [[Bumm Bumm Bole]]
* [[Agent Vinod (2012 film)|Agent Vinod]]
* [[ Dum Laga Ke Haisha ]]
* [[Chaarfutiya Chhokare]] (2014 film)

==Awards==
* [[Padma Shri]] (2016)
* ''Sahara'' [[Awadh Samman]] (2003)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://malineeawasthi.com/main.php?v=profile Official site]

{{Persondata
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Indian singer
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Awasthi, Malini}}
[[Category:Indian folk singers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri]]

Nabarun Bhattacharya

2015-06-23T08:15:07Z

Tiwaribharat: /* External links */

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox writer  | name = Nabarun Bhattacharya

| image =
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1948|06|23}}
| birth_place = [[Baharampur]] (Berhampur), West Bengal
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2014|07|31|1948|06|23}}
| death_place =Kolkata, India
| occupation = writer, editor
| language = Bengali
| nationality =
| ethnicity =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = ''Herbert'' (1994)
| spouse =
| children =
| relatives = [[Bijon Bhattacharya]] (Father) [[Mahashweta Devi]] (Mother)
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards = [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (Bengali)
| signature =
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'''Nabarun Bhattacharya''' (23 June 1948 – 31 July 2014) was an Indian [[Bengali people|Bengali]] writer who was committed to a revolutionary and radical aesthetics. He was born at [[Baharampur]] (Berhampur), West Bengal. He was the only child of actor [[Bijon Bhattacharya]] and writer [[Mahashweta Devi]].<ref name=who>{{cite book |title=Who's who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M|author=Kartik Chandra Dutt (ed.) |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=1999|isbn=81-260-0873-3|page=164 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QA1V7sICaIwC&pg=PA164&dq=Nabarun+Bhattacharya&hl=en&ei=I06NTrn8OomIrAfZlNGhAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Nabarun%20Bhattacharya&f=false |ref= }}</ref>

His novel, ''Herbert'' (1993), which was awarded the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]], and adapted into a film [[Herbert (film)|of the same name]] in 2005, by [[Suman Mukhopadhyay]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Storm Advisory: Cyclone of a Life on the Horizon|author=Nathan Lee|url=http://movies.nytimes.com/2008/12/11/movies/11herb.html|publisher=New York Times |date=10 December 2008}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He studied in [[Kolkata]], first Geology, then English, from [[Calcutta University]].<ref name=who/>

In an interview, Nabarun has said that once he used to be a hardline communist but is no longer so. In response to a question regarding what he thinks to bes the most prominent ideological change in him, he says "I am no longer anthropocentric".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://textualities.net/jennie-renton/legitimate-anger/ |title=Legitimate Anger |publisher=Textualities |date= |accessdate=2011-10-06}}</ref> He indulged in a property-related case with his old mother who herself was a famed Bengali activist-writer.

==Works==
Aside from fiction, he has also written poetry, of which ''Ei Mrityu Upotyoka Aaamaar Desh Na'' (This Valley of Death Is Not My Country) is an example.

===The characters called Fyataru===
His [[magic realist]] writings introduced a strange set of human beings to Bengali readers, called '''Fyataru''' (fyat: the sound created by kites while they are flown; otherwise, fyat has also a hint of someone worthless, deriving from the words foto, faaltu; uru: related to flying), who are an anarchic underclass fond of sabotage and are capable of flying whenever they utter the mantra 'fyat fyat sh(n)aai sh(n)aai' (This mantra was made into a song by the popular Bangla band [[Chandrabindoo]] in one of its albums<ref>[http://www.chandrabindoo.in/Lyrics/hulabila/hulabila.gif ]{{dead link|date=October 2011}}</ref>). They appear in his books ''Mausoleum'', ''Kaangaal Maalshaat'', ''Fatarur Bombachaak'' and ''Fyatarur Kumbhipaak''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parabaas.com/PB35/LEKHA/pTapodhir35.html |title="Carnival-er Bisphoron" - Review of Nabarun Bhattacharya's "Kangal Malsat", by Tapodhir Bhattacharya - Parabaas Issue 35 |publisher=Parabaas.com |date= |accessdate=2011-10-06}}</ref> [[Suman Mukhopadhyay]], who was basically from a theatrical background, dramatized ''Kaangaal Maalshaat''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060304/asp/calcutta/story_5925495.asp |title=The Telegraph - Calcutta : Metro |publisher=Telegraphindia.com |date=4 March 2006 |accessdate=2011-10-06}}</ref>

==Major works==
* ''Kaangaal Maalshaat'' (Hooghly: Saptarshi Prakashan, 2003)
* ''Herbert'' (Kolkata: Deys, 1994)
* ''Lubdhak'' (Barasat: Abhijan Publishers,(+918017090655) 2006)
* ''Ei Mrityu Upotyoka Aamaar Desh Na'' (Hooghly: Saptarshi, 2004)
* ''Halaljhanda o Onyanyo'' (Hooghly: Saptarshi, 2009)
* ''Mahajaaner Aayna'' (Kolkata: Bhashabandhan, 2010)
* ''Fyaturur Kumbhipak'' (Kolkata: Bhashabandhan)
* ''Raater Circus'' (Kolkata: Bhashabandhan)
* ''Anarir Naarigyan'' (Kolkata: Bhashabandhan)

==Death==

Nabarun Bhattacharya died of intestinal cancer at Thakurpukur cancer hospital, Kolkata on 31 July 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/radical-bengali-writer-nabarun-bhattacharya-dies-at-66/489521-3-231.html |title=Radical Bengali writer Nabarun Bhattacharya dies at 66 - IBNLive |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |date= |accessdate=2014-07-31}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* https://www.facebook.com/pages/Nabarun-Bhattacharya/109565561553
* http://textualities.net/nabarun-bhattacharya/an-indian-writer-in-japan/
* [http://www.shabdankan.com/2015/06/american-petromax-nabarun-bhattacharya.html American Petromax (Hindi) - Nabarun Bhattacharya]
{{Authority control}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Bhattacharya, Nabarun
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Indian writer
| DATE OF BIRTH = 23 June 1948
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Baharampur]] (Berhampur), West Bengal
| DATE OF DEATH = 31 July 2014
| PLACE OF DEATH = Kolkata, India
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhattacharya, Nabarun}}
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Bengali]]
[[Category:Indian novelists]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:People from Baharampur]]

Asghar Wajahat

2015-06-20T05:56:02Z

Tiwaribharat: /* External links */

{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
'''Syed Asghar Wajahat''', popularly known as '''Asghar Wajahat''' ({{lang-hi|असग़र वजाहत}}), (born 5 July 1946) is a [[Hindi]] scholar, fiction writer, novelist, playwright, an independent documentary filmmaker and a television scriptwriter,<ref name=history>[http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/08/26/stories/2005082602390300.htm History's reflections] [[The Hindu]], 26 August 2005.</ref> who is most known for his work, 'Saat Aasmaan' and his acclaimed play, 'Jis Lahore Nai Dekhya, O Jamyai Nai', based on the story of an old Punjabi Hindu woman who gets left behind in Lahore, after the [[Partition of India]], and then refuses to leave.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021020/spectrum/book2.htm Brilliance in untruths, half-truths, lies, and white lies] [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]], 20 October 2002.</ref>

He has published five collections of short stories, six collections of plays and street plays, and four novels.<ref>[http://www.abhivyakti-hindi.org/lekhak/a/asghar_wajahat.htm Asghar_wajahat] www.abhivyakti-hindi.org.</ref><ref>[http://www.urdustudies.com/auinfo/wajahatAsghar.html Profile] www.urdustudies.com.</ref>

== Biography ==
Syed Asghar Wajahat was born on 5 July 1946 in the city of [[Fatehpur, Fatehpur|Fatehpur]], in [[Fatehpur district]], Uttar Pradesh. He completed his [[Master of Arts|MA]] (Hindi) in 1968, and his PhD in 1974, also from [[Aligarh Muslim University]] (AMU), later he did his Post Doctoral Research from [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (1981–83). And by 1960, while still studying at the [[Aligarh Muslim University]], he had already started writing.

He joined [[Jamia Millia Islamia]], New Delhi in 1971 as a Lecturer of [[Hindi]], and later became a Professor and also the Head of the Department of Hindi in the university.<ref name=aligarh>[http://jmi.nic.in/FHum/asghar_hindi.htm Professor Syed Asghar Wajahat] Official website [[Jamia Millia Islamia]]</ref>

A brief Note on Asghar Wajahat

Asghar Wajahat, Professor of Hindi at Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi is a reputed Hindi writer also. He has published 20 books including five novels, six full-length plays, five collections of short stories, a travelogue, a collection of street plays and a book on literary criticism.

He has also written film scripts and conducted workshops on screen writing. He has been placed among the top ten Hindi writers according to a survey conducted by Outlook (Hindi) magazine in 2007.

His work has been translated to many Indian and foreign languages

A collection of his short stories in English entitled Lies: Half told (ISBN 81 – 87075-92-9) has also been published. An Italian translation of his stories was published by Centro de Studio de documentation, Universitá degli Studio de Venezia, in 1987.

Apart from his fiction, he regularly writes for various newspapers and magazines. He was guest Editor of BBCHindi.com for three months in 2007. He has also been associated with reputed Hindi literary magazines like Hans and Vartaman Sahitya as guest editor for their special issues on ‘Indian Muslims: Present and Future’ and ‘Pravasi Sahity’.

Dr. Wajahat has also been involved in Hindi cinema as a scriptwriter since 1975. He is now working on a film script for filmmaker Rajkumar Santoshi. He himself has made few documentary films including a 20-minute on the development of Urdu Ghazal.

He has been honoured by several literary organisations for his contribution to Hindi literature. Katha (UK), a London based organisation gave him the ‘Best novel of the year award’ in 2005 for his novel Kaisi Aagi Lalaee.

Presently, he is Professor of Hindi, Jamia Millia Islamia. He was also the officiating Director, A.J. Kidwai Mass Communication Research Centre at Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi.

Also see:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asghar_Wajahat

== Plays ==
His most noted [[Partition of India|Partition]] play, 'Jin Lahore Nai Dekhya', was first performed under the direction of [[Habib Tanvir]] in 1989, who subsequently took the play to Karachi, Lahore, Sydney, New York and Dubai.<ref name=history/> The play has also been performed in several regional languages, a version of it has also been directed by theatre director [[Dinesh Thakur]], and now veteran [[Bollywood]] director [[Rajkumar Santoshi]] plans to make a film on it<ref>[http://www.indiatarget.com/cgi-bin/detailnews.cgi?id=6170 Package Deal – Saif and Kareena] www.indiatarget.com.</ref>

== Bibliography ==
* Lies: Half Told; translated by Rakshanda Jalil; 2002, Srishti Publishers. ISBN 81-87075-92-9.
* Kaisi Aagi Lagai (Novel)
* Andhere se, collection of short stories with Pankaj Bisht, Bhasha Publication, New Delhi.
* Hindi Kahani, Punarmulyankan (criticism), co-editor, Bhasha Publication, New Delhi.
* Dilla Pahuncna hai, collection of short stories, Prakashan Sansthan, Delhi.
* Nioeant ke Sahyatra, translation of Qurratul-ain-Haider's Urdu Novel, Joanpah, Delhi.
* Hindi Urdu ka pragatioeal kavita, criticism, McMillan, Delhi.
* Firangi Laut Aaye (Play),
* Inna ka avaz (Play), Prakasan Sansthan, Delhi
* Veergati (play), Vaya Prakashan, Delhi.
* Aki (Play), Granth Ketan, 1/11244-C, Nikat Kirti Mandir, Subhash Park, Naveen Shahdra, delhi
* Nazeer Akbarabadi, translation of criticism by Prof. Mohd. Hasan, Sahitya Akademi, Delhi.
* Swimming pool collection of short stories, Rajkamal, Delhi.
* Bund Bund script of TV series, Radha Kasya, Delhi.
* Sab se sasta gooet, collection of street plays, Gagan Bharta, Delhi.
* Pak napak (play), Prem Prakashan Mandir
* Jin Lahore Nai Vekhya O Jamya e nai (play), Dinman Prakashan, Delhi.
* Sab kaha kuch, collection of short stories, Kitab Ghar, New Delhi.
* Sat asman (Novel), [[Rajkamal Prakashan]], Delhi.
* Kaisi Aagi lagaee (Novel), Rajkamal, New Delhi
* Chalte to achcha tha,(Travelogue), Rajkamal, New Delhi
* Barkha Rachaee,(Novel) Rajkamal, New Delhi
* Man mati, (Nvel), Rajkamal, New Delhi
* Patkath lekhan-vyanharik nirdeshika, Rajkamal, New Delhi
* Raste ki talash me, (Travelogue)Antika, New Delhi

== Related links ==
* [http://wikisource.org/wiki/असगर_वजाहत असगर वजाहत] (विकीस्रोत)

== References ==

<references/>

== External links ==
{{wikisourcelang|1|असगर वजाहत|Asghar Wajahat}}
* [http://www.abhivyakti-hindi.org/upanyas/rajdhani_me_har/rajdhani01.htm ''Rajdhani'', an excerpt from Novel ''Kaisi Aag Lagaai'' by Asghar Wajahat]
* [http://www.littlemag.com/bloodsport/asgharwajahat.html ''The spirits of Shah Alam Camp'', A short story by Asghar Wajahat]
* [http://www.anyatha.com/AsgharWajahat7(1).htm An article by Asghar Wajahat]
* [http://www.shabdankan.com/2015/06/baqar-ganj-ke-syed-1-asghar-wajahat.html ''Baqar ganj ke Syed'' by Asghar Wajahat]
{{Authority control}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Wajahat, Asghar
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Indian writer
| DATE OF BIRTH = 5 July 1946
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wajahat, Asghar}}
[[Category:Indian academics]]
[[Category:Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:People from Fatehpur]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni]]
[[Category:Jamia Millia Islamia faculty]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Hindi dramatists and playwrights]]

Thanda Gosht

2015-06-01T15:10:01Z

Tiwaribharat: /* External links */

{{Infobox short story 
| name = Thanda Gosht
| image = 
| caption =
| author = [[Saadat Hasan Manto]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| country =
| language = [[Urdu Language|Urdu]]
| series =
| genre = [[non-fiction]]
| published_in =
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| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| preceded_by_italics =
| followed_by_italics =
}}
'''Thanda Gosht''' ({{lang-ur|{{nq|ٹھنڈا گوشت}}}} [[ALA-LC]]: {{transl|Urdu|ALA-LC|''Ṭhanḍā Gos̱ẖt''}} {{IPA-ur|ʈʰənɖɑː ɡoːʃt̪|IPA}}, English: ''Cold Meat'') is a [[non-fiction]] short story written by [[Saadat Hasan Manto]].<ref name=homocidal>{{cite news|title=HE WROTE WHAT HE SAW – AND TOOK NO SIDES|url=http://herald.dawn.com/2012/05/10/he-wrote-what-he-saw-and-took-no-sides.html|accessdate=June 25, 2013|newspaper=herald.dawn.com|date=May 10, 2012}}</ref> The book was first published in a literary magazine in March 1950 in [[Pakistan]]. Later it was published by [[Sang-e-Meel Publications]].

The story is about the communal violence of 1947.<ref>{{cite web|title=Manto’s two set of stories about the Partition|url=http://www.urduacademy2012.ghazali.net/html/saadat_hassan_manto3.html|publisher=urduacademy2012.ghazali.net|accessdate=June 25, 2013}}</ref> Ishwar Singh, a Sikh fails to make love to his mistress. She suspects him of infidelity and In a fit of jealousy she stabs her husband with his own dagger. While dying, Ishwar Singh admits his crime of attempted rape with an unconscious Muslim girl, who was actually dead. Hence the title “cold flesh”.<ref>http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2012/08/the-seer-of-pakistan.html</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.paramountbooks.com.pk/loginindex.asp?title=THANDA%20GOSHT%20(hb)2008&isbn=969352098X&opt=3&sUBcAT=05&Cat=05020 Thanda Gosht] at the [[Paramount Publishing Enterprise]]
* [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/books/mahfil/pager.html?objectid=PK5461.A1M2_1_1_016.gif Thanda Gosht] in English
* [http://www.shabdankan.com/2015/06/thanda-gosht-saadat-hasan-manto.html Thanda Gosht ठंडा गोश्त] in Hindi at Shabdankan
{{story-stub}}

[[Category:Pakistani short stories]]
[[Category:Pakistani non-fiction books]]
[[Category:1950 short stories]]

Bhagat Singh

2015-03-29T08:07:44Z

Tiwaribharat: /* External links */

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{{about|the revolutionary|early immigrant in USA|Bhagat Singh Thind}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox person
|name=Bhagat Singh
|image=Bhagat Singh 1929 140x190.jpg
|image_size=
|caption= Bhagat Singh as he appeared in 1929 after cutting his hair in Lahore to escape detection by police
|birth_date= September 1907{{efn|name=birth}}
|birth_place=[[Jaranwala Tehsil]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]]
|death_date={{death date and age|1931|03|23|1907|09|28|df=yes}}
|death_place=[[Lahore]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]]
|religion= None (he was an [[Atheist]])<ref name=habib>{{Cite journal|first=Irfan|last=Habib|title=Remembering a radical|journal=India International Quarterly|date=Summer 2007|pages=124-131|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/23006052}}</ref>
|language=Punjabi and [[Urdu]]
|movement=[[Indian Independence movement]]
|organization=[[Naujawan Bharat Sabha]], Kirti Kisan Party, [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]]
}}

'''Bhagat Singh''' ({{IPA-pa|pə̀ɡət̪ sɪ́ŋɡ|IPA|Hi-BhagatSingh.ogg}} {{nowrap|27/28 September 1907}} – 23 March 1931){{efn|name=birth|The actual date of Singh's birth is subject to dispute. Commonly thought to be born on either 27<ref>http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1913029/Bhagat-Singh</ref> or 28<ref>http://m.timesofindia.com/india/Bhagat-Singhs-sister-passes-away-on-his-107th-birthday/articleshow/43811962.cms</ref> September 1907, some biographers believe that the evidence points to 19 October 1907.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?ei=74kpVPWHJ4WryQTdlIKwAQ&]</ref>}} was an Indian socialist considered to be one of the most influential revolutionaries of the [[Indian independence movement]]. He is often referred to as "[[Shahid|Shaheed]] Bhagat Singh", the word "Shaheed" meaning "martyr" in a number of South Asian and Middle Eastern languages. Born into a [[Sikh]] family which had earlier been involved in revolutionary activities against the [[British Raj]], as a teenager Singh studied European revolutionary movements and was attracted to [[anarchism|anarchist]] and [[Marxism|Marxist]] ideologies. He became involved in numerous revolutionary organisations, and quickly rose through the ranks of the [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association|Hindustan Republican Association]] (HRA) to become one of its main leaders, eventually changing its name to the [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]] (HSRA) in 1928.

Seeking revenge for the death of [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] at the hands of the police, Singh was involved in the murder of British police officer John Saunders. He eluded efforts by the police to capture him. Soon after, together with [[Batukeshwar Dutt]], he and an accomplice threw two bombs and leaflets inside the [[Central Legislative Assembly]]. The two men were arrested, as they had planned to be. Held on this charge, he gained widespread national support when he underwent a 116-day fast in jail, demanding equal rights for British and Indian political prisoners. During this time, sufficient evidence was brought against him for a conviction in the Saunders case, after trial by a Special Tribunal and appeal at the [[Anglo-Hindu Law#Privy Council|Privy Council]] in England. He was convicted and subsequently hanged for his participation in the murder, aged 23. His legacy prompted youth in India to begin fighting for Indian independence and he continues to be a youth idol in modern India, as well as the inspiration for several films. He is commemorated with a large bronze statue in the [[Parliament of India]], as well as a range of other memorials.
{{TOC limit|3}}

==Early life==
[[Image:BhagatHome.jpg|thumb|right|The ancestral home at [[Khatkar Kalan]], which is preserved as a museum. Singh was neither born nor lived there.]]
Bhagat Singh, a [[Sandhu]] [[Jat]],{{sfnp|Gaur|2008|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=PC4C3KcgCv0C&pg=PA54 54–55]|ps=}} was born probably in September 1907{{efn|name=birth}} to Kishan Singh and Vidyavati at Chak No. 105, GB, Banga village, Jaranwala Tehsil in the [[Faisalabad District|Lyallpur district]] of the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] of [[British India]]. His birth coincided with the release from jail of his father and two uncles, Ajit Singh and Swaran Singh.{{sfnp|Singh|Hooja|2007|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC&pg=PA12 12–13]|ps=}} His family were Sikhs, some of whom had been active in Indian independence movements, and others having served in [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Punjab)|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]'s army. His ancestral village was [[Khatkar Kalan]], near the town of [[Banga, India|Banga]] in [[Nawanshahr]] district (now renamed [[Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district|Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar]]) of [[Punjab region|Punjab]].{{sfnp|Gaur|2008|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=PC4C3KcgCv0C&pg=PA54 54–55]|ps=}}
His grandfather, Arjun Singh, was a follower of [[Swami Dayananda Saraswati]]'s Hindu reformist movement, [[Arya Samaj]], which had a considerable influence on the young Bhagat.{{sfnp|Gaur|2008|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=PC4C3KcgCv0C&pg=PA54 54–55]|ps=}} His father and uncles were members of the [[Ghadar Party]], led by [[Kartar Singh Sarabha]] and [[Har Dayal]]. Ajit Singh was forced to flee to [[Persia]] due to pending court cases against him, while Swaran Singh died at home in 1910 following his release from Borstal Jail in Lahore.{{sfnp|Sindhu|2009|p=121|ps=}}
Unlike many Sikhs of his age, Singh did not attend the Khalsa High School in Lahore. His grandfather did not approve of the school officials' loyalism to the British authorities{{sfnp|Sanyal|Yadav|Singh|Singh|2006|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=B7zHp7ryy_cC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA20 20–21]|ps=}} Instead, he was enrolled in the [[Dayanand Anglo-Vedic Schools System|Dayanand Anglo Vedic High School]], an Arya Samaji institution.<ref name="Tribune2011">{{cite news |first=Roopinder |last=Singh |title=Bhagat Singh: The Making of the Revolutionary |date=23 March 2011 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110323/main6.htm |work=The Tribune |location=India |accessdate=17 December 2012}}</ref>
In 1919, at the age of 12, Singh visited the site of the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]] hours after thousands of unarmed people gathered at a public meeting had been killed.{{sfnp|Singh|Hooja|2007|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC&pg=PA12 12–13]|ps=}} At the age of 14, he was among those in his village who welcomed protestors against the killing of a large number of unarmed people at [[Nankana Sahib|Gurudwara Nankana Sahib]] on 20 February 1921.{{sfnp|Sanyal|Yadav|Singh|Singh|2006|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=B7zHp7ryy_cC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA13 13]|ps=}} Singh became disillusioned with Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence after Gandhi called off the non-cooperation movement. Gandhi's decision followed the violent murders of policemen by villagers who were reacting to the police killing three villagers in the 1922 [[Chauri Chaura incident]]. Singh joined the Young Revolutionary Movement and began to advocate for the violent overthrow of the British in India.{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA20 20–21]|ps=}}
[[Image:Bhagat singh noncooperation.jpg|thumb|right|A rare historical photograph of students and staff of National College, Lahore, which was started by [[Lala Lajpat Rai]]. Singh can be seen standing fourth from the right.]]
In 1923, Singh joined the National College in Lahore,{{efn|The National College inside Bradlaugh Hall, Lahore, had been founded by [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] to provide an alternative source of education for people who did not want to use those operated by the British.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bradlaugh Hall’s demise |date=17 April 2011 |url=http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2011/04/bradlaugh-halls-demise/ |newspaper=Pakistan Today |accessdate=3 January 2012}}</ref>}} where he was also involved in extra-curricular activities such as the dramatics society. In 1923, Singh won an essay competition set by the Punjab Hindi Sahitya Sammelan, writing on the problems in the Punjab.<ref name="Tribune2011" /> He founded the Indian nationalist youth organisation [[Naujawan Bharat Sabha]] (Hindi: "Youth Society of India") in March 1926.{{sfnp|Gupta|1997|ps=}} He also joined the Hindustan Republican Association,{{sfnp|Singh|Hooja|2007|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC&pg=PA14 14]|ps=}} which had prominent leaders, such as [[Ram Prasad Bismil]], [[Chandrashekhar Azad]] and [[Shahid Ashfaqallah Khan|Ashfaqulla Khan]]. The name of the organisation was changed to Hindustan Socialist Republican Association at Singh's insistence.{{sfnp|Singh|2007|ps=}} A year later, to avoid getting married by his family, Singh ran away from his house to [[Cawnpore]].<ref name="Tribune2011" /> In a letter he left behind, he stated: {{quote|My life has been dedicated to the noblest cause, that of the freedom of the country. Therefore, there is no rest or worldly desire that can lure me now ...<ref name="Tribune2011" />}}
Police became concerned with Singh's influence on youths and in May 1927 they arrested him on the pretext of having been involved in a bombing that had taken place at Lahore in October of the previous year. He was released on a [[surety]] of Rs. 60,000 five weeks after his arrest.{{sfnp|Singh|Hooja|2007|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC&pg=PA16 16]|ps=}} He wrote for and edited Urdu and Punjabi newspapers, published from [[Amritsar]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rrtd.nic.in/sardarbhagatsingh.htm |title=Sardar Bhagat Singh (1907–1931) |accessdate=11 October 2011 |work=Research Reference and Training Division, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India |publisher=Government of India}}</ref> as well as contributing to low-priced pamphlets published by the Naujawan Bharat Sabha that excoriated the British.{{sfnp|Gaur|2008|pp=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OQ4CWDeKSxUC&pg=PA99 99-100]|ps=}} He also wrote briefly for the ''Veer Arjun'' newspaper, published in [[Delhi]], and for ''Kirti'', the journal of the [[Kirti Kisan Party]] ("Workers and Peasants Party").{{sfnp|Gupta|1997|ps=}}{{efn|He was secretary of the Kirti Kisan Party when it organised an all-India meeting of revolutionaries in September 1928 and he later became its leader.<ref name="Tribune2011" />}} He often used pseudonyms, including names such as Balwant, Ranjit and Vidhrohi.{{sfnp|Gaur|2008|p=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OQ4CWDeKSxUC&pg=PA100 100]|ps=}}

==Later revolutionary activities==

===Lala Lajpat Rai's death and murder of Saunders===
In 1928, the British government set up the [[Simon Commission]] to report on the political situation in India. The Indian political parties boycotted the Commission, because it did not include a single Indian in its membership, which led to country-wide protests. When the Commission visited Lahore on 30 October 1928, Lala Lajpat Rai led a silent march in protest against the Commission. Police attempts to disperse the large crowd resulted in violence. The superintendent of police, James A. Scott, ordered the police to [[lathi charge|''lathi'' charge]] the protesters and personally assaulted Rai, who was injured. Rai died of a [[heart attack]] on 17 November 1928, probably as a consequence of [[Shock (circulatory)|shock]]. Doctors thought that his death might have been hastened by the injuries that he had received. When the matter was raised in the British Parliament, the British Government denied any role in Rai's death.{{sfnp|Rana|2005a|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=PEwJQ6_eTEUC&lpg=PA36 36]|ps=}}{{sfnp|Vaidya|2001|ps=}}{{sfnp|Friend|1977|p=69|ps=}} Although Singh did not witness the event,{{sfnp|Singh|Hooja|2007|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC&pg=PA16 16]|ps=}} he vowed to take revenge,{{sfnp|Rana|2005a|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=PEwJQ6_eTEUC&lpg=PA36 36]|ps=}} and joined other revolutionaries, [[Shivaram Rajguru]], [[Sukhdev Thapar]] and [[Chandrashekhar Azad]], in a plot to kill Scott.{{sfnp|Gupta|1997|ps=}} However, in a case of mistaken identity, Singh received a signal to shoot on the appearance of John P. Saunders, an Assistant Superintendent of Police. He was shot by Rajguru and Singh while leaving the District Police Headquarters in Lahore on 17 December 1928.{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA39 39]|ps=}}

[[File:Pamphlet by HSRA after Saunders murder.jpg|thumb|Pamphlet by HSRA after Saunder's murder, signed by Balraj, a pseudonym of Chandrashekhar Azad]]

Although the murder of Saunders was condemned as a retrograde action by Mahatma Gandhi, the Congress leader, others were more understanding of the motivation. [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] wrote that {{quote|Bhaghat Singh did not become popular because of his act of terrorism but because he seemed to vindicate, for the moment, the honour of Lala Lajpat Rai, and through him of the nation. He became a symbol, the act was forgotten, the symbol remained, and within a few months each town and village of the Punjab, and to a lesser extent in the rest of northern India, resounded with his name. Innumerable songs grew about him and the popularity that the man achieved was something amazing.{{sfnp|Mittal|Habib|1982|ps=}}}}

===Escape===
After killing Saunders, the group escaped through the D.A.V. College entrance, across the road. Chanan Singh, a [[Head Constable]] who was chasing them, was fatally injured by Chandrashekhar Azad's covering fire.{{sfnp|Rana|2005b|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=sudu7qABntcC&pg=PA65 65]|ps=}} They then fled on bicycles to pre-arranged places of safety. The police launched a massive search operation to catch them, blocking all exits and entrances from the city; the [[Criminal Investigation Department|CID]] kept a watch on all young men leaving Lahore. They hid for the next two days. On 19 December 1928, Sukhdev called on [[Durgawati Devi]], sometimes known as Durga Bhabhi, wife of another HSRA member [[Bhagwati Charan Vohra]], for help, which she agreed to do. They decided to catch the train departing from Lahore to [[Bathinda]] ''en route'' for [[Howrah]] ([[Calcutta]]) early the next morning.{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA42 42–44]|ps=}}

Singh and Rajguru left the house early the next morning, with both men carrying loaded revolvers.{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|pages=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA42 42–44]|ps=}} Dressed in western attire and carrying Devi's sleeping child, Singh and Devi passed off as a young couple, while Rajguru carried their luggage as their servant. At the station, Singh managed to conceal his identity while buying tickets and the three boarded the train heading to Cawnpore. There they boarded a train for [[Lucknow]] since the CID at Howrah railway station usually scrutinised passengers on the direct train from Lahore.{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA42 42–44]|ps=}} At Lucknow, Rajguru left separately for [[Varanasi|Benares]] while Singh, Devi and the infant went to Howrah, with all except Singh returning to Lahore a few days later.{{sfnp|Rana|2005a|p=39|ps=}}{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA42 42–44]|ps=}}{{sfnp|Bakshi|1988|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=7_rWWDEgIQMC&pg=PA61 61]|ps=}}

===1929 Assembly bomb throwing incident===
Singh had for some time been exploiting the power of drama as a means to inspire revolt against the British, purchasing a [[magic lantern]] to show slides that enlivened his talks about revolutionaries who had died as a result of the [[Kakori Conspiracy]], such as Ram Prasad Bismil. In 1929, he proposed a dramatic act to the HSRA with the intention of gaining massive publicity for their aims.{{sfnp|Gaur|2008|pp=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OQ4CWDeKSxUC&pg=PA99 99-100]|ps=}} Influenced by [[Auguste Vaillant]], a French anarchist who had bombed the [[Chamber of Deputies of France|Chamber of Deputies]] in [[Paris]],{{sfnp|Bakshi|Gajrani|Singh|2005|p=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7fXK3DiuJ5oC&pg=PA334 334]|ps=}} Singh's plan was to explode a bomb inside the Central Legislative Assembly. The nominal intention was to protest against the Public Safety Bill and the Trade Dispute Act, which had been rejected by the Assembly but were being enacted by the [[Governor of India|Viceroy]] using his special powers; the actual intention was for the perpetrators to get themselves arrested so that they could use appearances in court as a stage to publicise their cause.{{sfnp|Gaur|2008|p=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OQ4CWDeKSxUC&pg=PA100 100]|ps=}}

The HSRA leadership were initially opposed to Singh participating in the bombing because they were certain that his prior involvement in the Saunders shooting would means that his arrest on this occasion would ultimately result in his execution. However, they eventually determined that he was their most suitable candidate. On 8 April 1929, Singh, accompanied by Batukeshwar Dutt, threw two bombs into the Assembly chamber from its public gallery while it was in session. In accordance with the plan, no-one was killed by the explosions, although some members were injured, including [[George Ernest Schuster]], the finance member of the [[Viceroy's Executive Council]].{{sfnp|Gaur|2008|pp=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OQ4CWDeKSxUC&pg=PA100 100-101]|ps=}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Bombs Thrown Into Assembly|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=vf0YIhSwahgC&dat=19290408&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|accessdate=29 August 2013|newspaper=Evening Tribune|date=8 April 1930}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article51537786 |title=TWO BOMBS THROWN. |newspaper=[[The Examiner (Tasmania)|Examiner (Launceston, Tas. : 1900 - 1954)]] |location=Launceston, Tas. |date=10 April 1929 |accessdate=29 August 2013 |page=4 Edition: DAILY |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> The smoke from the bomb filled the Assembly and if they had chosen then they probably could have escaped in the confusion; instead they stayed, shouting slogans of ''[[Inquilab Zindabad]]!'' ("Long Live the Revolution") and showered leaflets. The two men were arrested and subsequently moved through a series of jails in the Delhi area.{{sfnp|Gaur|2008|p=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OQ4CWDeKSxUC&pg=PA101 101]|ps=}} Gandhi, once again, issued strong words of disapproval for their deed.{{sfnp|Mittal|Habib|1982|ps=}}

===Assembly bomb case trial===
Singh was elated with the success of the bombing and referred to it and the forthcoming legal proceedings as a "drama". The trial took place in the first week of June, following a preliminary hearing in May. On 12 June both men were sentenced to life imprisonment for "causing explosions of a nature likely to endanger life, unlawfully and maliciously."{{sfnp|Gaur|2008|p=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OQ4CWDeKSxUC&pg=PA101 101]|ps=}}{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA76 76-78]|ps=}}

Dutt had been defended by [[Asaf Ali]], while Singh defended himself.{{sfnp|Lal|2009|ps=}} Doubts have been raised about the accuracy of testimony offered at the trial. One key discrepancy related to the automatic pistol that Singh had been carrying at the time of his arrest. Some witnesses said that he had fired two or three shots and the police sergeant who arrested him testified that the gun was pointed downward when he took it from him and that Singh "was playing with it."{{sfnp|Rana|2005a|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=PEwJQ6_eTEUC&lpg=PA47 47]|ps=}} According to the ''India Law Journal'', however, these accounts were incorrect because Singh had turned over the pistol himself.{{sfnp|India Law Journal|2008|ps=}} According to Kooner,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kooner |first1=K.S. |last2=Sindhra |first2=Dr. G.S. |title=Martyrdom of Shaheed Bhagat Singh |publisher=Unistar Books |year=2005 |location=Chandigarh |accessdate =14 December 2011}}</ref> Singh "committed one great blunder" by taking his pistol on that day "when it was clear not to harm anybody and offer for police arrest without any protest." Kooner further states that the police connected "the shell of the gun fire found from the (Saunders') murder site and the pistol."

===Further trial and execution===
The HSRA had set up bomb factories in Lahore and [[Saharanpur]] in 1929. On 15 April that year, the Lahore bomb factory was discovered by the police, leading to the arrest of other members of HSRA, including Sukhdev, [[Kishori Lal]] and [[Jai Gopal]]. Not long after this, the Saharanpur factory was also raided and further conspirators became informants. With the new information available to them, the police were able to connect the three strands of the Saunders murder, Assembly bombing and bomb manufacture.{{sfnp|Friend|1977|pp=69-70|ps=}} Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev were charged with the murder of Saunders.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shahidbhagatsingh.org/index.asp?link=lcc_ordinance |work=Letters, Writings and Statements of Shaheed Bhagat Singh and his CoPatriots |title=Regarding the LCC |accessdate=11 October 2011|publisher=Shahid Bhagat Singh Research Committee, Ludhiana}}</ref>

====Hunger strike and Lahore conspiracy case====
Singh was re-arrested for murdering Saunders and Chanan Singh based on substantial evidence against him, including the statements of his associates, Hans Raj Vohra and Jai Gopal.{{sfnp|India Law Journal|2008|ps=}} His life sentence in the Assembly Bomb case was deferred till the Saunders' case was decided.{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA81 81]|ps=}} He was sent to the Mianwali jail from the Delhi jail,{{sfnp|Lal|2009|ps=}} where he witnessed discrimination between European and Indian prisoners, and led other prisoners in a hunger strike to protest this.{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA83 83–89]|ps=}}

They demanded equality in standards of food, clothing, toiletries and other hygienic necessities, as well as availability of books and a daily newspaper for the political prisoners,{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA83 83–89]|ps=}} whom they demanded should not be forced to do manual labour or any undignified work in the jail.{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA84 84–89]|ps=}}

[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] spoke in the Assembly supporting Singh,<ref>{{cite news |first=Nirupama |last=Dutt |title=The Tribune stood up for Bhagat Singh |date=24 July 2005 |work=The Tribune |location=India |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050724/spectrum/book6.htm |accessdate=11 October 2011}}</ref> and sympathised with the prisoners on hunger strike. He declared on the floor of the Assembly:
{{quote|The man who goes on hunger strike has a soul. He is moved by that soul, and he believes in the justice of his cause ... however much you deplore them and however much you say they are misguided, it is the system, this damnable system of governance, which is resented by the people.<ref>{{cite news |title=When Jinnah defended Bhagat Singh |date=8 August 2005 |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/08/stories/2005080801672000.htm |accessdate=11 October 2011 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>}}

[[Jawaharlal Nehru]] met Singh and the other strikers in Mianwali jail. After the meeting, he stated:
{{quote|I was very much pained to see the distress of the heroes. They have staked their lives in this struggle. They want that political prisoners should be treated as political prisoners. I am quite hopeful that their sacrifice would be crowned with success.{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA85 85]|ps=}}}}

The Government tried to break the strike by placing different food items in the prison cells to test the hungry prisoners' resolve. Water pitchers were filled with milk so that either the prisoners remained thirsty or broke their strike but nobody faltered and the impasse continued. The authorities then attempted forcing food using feeding tubes into the prisoners, but were resisted.{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA83 83]|ps=}}{{efn|An example of the methods adopted to counterattack attempts at forcefeeding is the swallowing of red pepper and boiling water by a prisoner called Kishori. This combination made his throat too sore to permit entry of the feeding tube.<ref>{{cite news |authorlink=Ajoy Ghosh |last=Ghosh |first=Ajoy |title=Bhagat Singh as I Knew Him |date=6 October 2007 |origyear=1945 |url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article353.html |newspaper=Mainstream |accessdate=17 December 2012}}</ref>}} With the matter still unresolved, the Indian Viceroy, [[E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax|Lord Irwin]], broke his vacation in [[Shimla|Simla]] to discuss the situation with the jail authorities.{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA88 88]|ps=}} Since the activities of the hunger strikers had gained popularity and attention amongst the people nationwide, the government decided to advance the start of the Saunders murder trial, which was henceforth called the Lahore Conspiracy Case. Singh was transported to Borstal Jail, Lahore,{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA89 89]|ps=}} and the trial of this case began there on 10 July 1929. In addition to charging them for the murder of Saunders, Singh and 27 other prisoners were charged with plotting a conspiracy to murder Scott and waging a war against the King.{{sfnp|India Law Journal|2008|ps=}} Singh, still on hunger strike, had to be carried to the court handcuffed on a stretcher: he had lost {{convert|14|lb|kg}} weight from {{convert|133|lb|kg}} before the strike.{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA89 89]|ps=}}

By now, the condition of another hunger striker, [[Jatindra Nath Das]], lodged in the same jail had deteriorated considerably. The Jail committee recommended his unconditional release, but the government rejected the suggestion and offered to release him on bail. On 13 September 1929, Das died after a 63-day hunger strike.{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA89 89]|ps=}}

Almost all the nationalist leaders in the country paid tribute to Das' death, and Mohammad Alam and [[Gopi Chand Bhargava]] resigned from the Punjab Legislative Council in protest. [[Motilal Nehru]] moved a successful [[adjournment motion]] in the Central Assembly as a censure against the "inhumane treatment" of the Lahore prisoners.{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA91 91]|ps=}} Singh finally heeded a resolution of the Congress party and the request of his father, ending ended his 116-day hunger strike on 5 October 1929.{{sfnp|India Law Journal|2008|ps=}} During this period, Singh's popularity among common Indians extended beyond Punjab.<ref name=cambridge>{{cite journal |title=Bhagat Singh as 'Satyagrahi': The Limits to Non-violence in Late Colonial India |journal=[[Modern Asian Studies]] | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] |date=22 April 2008 |first=Neeti |last=Nair |volume=43 |issue =3 |pages =649–681 |accessdate =18 November 2011 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X08003491}}</ref>{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA92 92]|ps=}} Singh's attention now turned to his trial, where he was to face a British team representing the Crown and comprising C. H. Carden-Noad, Kalandar Ali Khan, Gopal Lal and the prosecuting inspector, Bakshi Dina Nath.{{sfnp|India Law Journal|2008|ps=}} The defence was composed of eight lawyers. When Jai Gopal turned into a prosecution witness, Prem Dutt, the youngest amongst the 28 accused, threw his slipper at Gopal in court.{{sfnp|Sanyal|Yadav|Singh|Singh|2006|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=B7zHp7ryy_cC&lpg=PA84 84]|ps=}} The magistrate ordered that all the accused should be handcuffed, despite all other revolutionaries having dissociated themselves from the act. Singh and others refused to be handcuffed and were therefore subjected to brutal beating.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rare documents on Bhagat Singh's trial and life in jail |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/article2356959.ece |date=15 August 2011 |accessdate =16 February 2012 |location=Chennai, India |work=The Hindu |first=Chaman |last=Lal}}</ref> The revolutionaries refused to attend the court and Singh wrote a letter to the magistrate citing various reasons why they had done so.<ref name="refusaltoattend">{{cite news |title=Reasons for Refusing to Attend the Court |url=http://www.shahidbhagatsingh.org/index.asp?link=refusing_court |accessdate =16 February 2012}}</ref> The trial was henceforth ordered to be carried out in the absence of the accused or members of the HSRA. This was a setback for Singh as he could no longer use the trial as a forum to publicise his views.{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA96 96]|ps=}}

====Special Tribunal====

To speed up the slow trial, the Viceroy, Lord Irwin, declared an emergency on 1 May 1930, and promulgated an ordinance setting up a special tribunal composed of three high court judges for this case. The ordinance cut short the normal process of justice as the only appeal after the tribunal was at the [[Anglo-Hindu Law#Privy Counci|Privy Council]] located in England.{{sfnp|India Law Journal|2008|ps=}} The Tribunal was authorised to function without the presence of any of the accused in court, and to accept death of the persons giving evidence as a concession to the defence. Consequent to ''Lahore Conspiracy Case Ordinance No.3 of 1930'', the trial was transferred from Kishan's court to the tribunal composed of Justice J. Coldstream (president), Justice G. C. Hilton and Justice Agha Hyder (members).
{{sfnp|Sanyal|Yadav|Singh|Singh|2006|p=129|ps=}}

The case commenced on 5 May 1930 in Poonch House, Lahore against 18 accused. On 20 June 1930, the constitution of the Special Tribunal was changed to Justice G.C. Hilton (president), Justice J.K. Tapp and Justice Sir Abdul Qadir.{{sfnp|Sanyal|Yadav|Singh|Singh|2006|p=130|ps=}} On 2 July 1930, a ''[[habeas corpus]]'' petition was filed in the High Court challenging the ordinance and said that it was ''ultra vires'' and therefore illegal, stating that the Viceroy had no powers to shorten the customary process of determining justice.{{sfnp|India Law Journal|2008|ps=}} The petition argued that the [[Defence of India Act 1915|Act]], allowed the Viceroy to introduce an ordinance and set up such a tribunal only under conditions of break down of law-and-order, whereas there had been no such breakdown. However, the petition was dismissed as being premature.{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA103 103]|ps=}} Carden-Noad presented the government's grievous charges of conducting dacoities, bank-robbery, and illegal acquisition of arms and ammunition amongst others.{{sfnp|India Law Journal|2008|ps=}} The evidence of G. T. H. Hamilton Harding, the Lahore superintendent of police, shocked the court, when he stated that he had filed the [[First Information Report]] against the accused under specific orders from the chief secretary (D.J. Boyd<ref name=epaperHT />) to the governor of Punjab ([[Sir Geoffrey Fitzhervey de Montmorency|Sir Geoffrey Montmorency]]<ref name=epaperHT />) and that he was unaware of the details of the case. The prosecution mainly depended upon the evidence of P. N. Ghosh, Hans Raj Vohra and Jai Gopal who had been Bhagat Singh's associates in the HSRA. On 10 July 1930, the tribunal decided to press charges against only 15 of the 18 accused, and allowed their petitions to be taken up for hearing the next day. The tribunal conducted the trial from 5 May 1930 to 10 September 1930.{{sfnp|India Law Journal|2008|ps=}} The three accused against whom the case was withdrawn included Dutt, who had already been awarded a life sentence in the Assembly bomb case.{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA117 117]|ps=}}

The ordinance (and the tribunal) would lapse on 31 October 1930 as it had not been passed in the Central Assembly or the British Parliament. On 7 October 1930, the tribunal delivered its 300-page judgement based on all the evidence and concluded that participation of Singh, [[Sukhdev]] and [[Rajguru]] was proved beyond reasonable doubt in Saunders' murder, and sentenced them to death by hanging.{{sfnp|India Law Journal|2008|ps=}} The remaining 12 accused were all sentenced to rigorous life imprisonment.{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA119 119]|ps=}}

====Appeal to the Privy Council====
In [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], a defence committee drew up a plan to appeal to the Privy Council. Singh was initially against the appeal, but later agreed to it in the hope that the appeal would popularise the HSRA in Britain. The appellants claimed that the ordinance which created the tribunal was invalid, while the government countered that the Viceroy was completely empowered to create such a tribunal. The appeal was dismissed by [[Andrew Murray, 1st Viscount Dunedin|Judge Viscount Dunedin]].{{sfnp|Rana|2005a|pp=95–100|ps=}}

====Reactions to the judgment====
After the rejection of the appeal to the Privy Council, Congress party president [[Madan Mohan Malviya]] filed a mercy appeal before Irwin on 14 February 1931.{{sfnp|Rana|2005a|p=98|ps=}} An appeal was sent to [[Mahatma Gandhi]] by prisoners to intervene.{{sfnp|India Law Journal|2008|ps=}} In his notes dated 19 March 1931, the Viceroy recorded:
{{quote|While returning Gandhiji asked me if he could talk about the case of Bhagat Singh, because newspapers had come out with the news of his slated hanging on March 24th. It would be a very unfortunate day because on that day the new president of the Congress had to reach Karachi and there would be a lot of hot discussion. I explained to him that I had given a very careful thought to it but I did not find any basis to convince myself to commute the sentence. It appeared he found my reasoning weighty.{{sfnp|Rana|2005a|p=103|ps=}}}}
The [[Communist Party of Great Britain]] expressed its reaction to the case:
{{quote|The history of this case, of which we do not come across any example in relation to the political cases, reflects the symptoms of callousness and cruelty which is the outcome of bloated desire of the imperialist government of Britain so that fear can be instilled in the hearts of the repressed people.{{sfnp|Rana|2005a|p=98|ps=}}}}

A plan to rescue Singh and fellow HSRA inmates from the jail failed. HSRA member Devi's husband, Bhagwati Charan Vohra, attempted to manufacture bombs for the purpose, but died when they exploded accidentally.<ref name=pragoti>{{cite web |url=http://www.pragoti.org/node/2114 |title=Bhagat Singh: A Perennial Saga Of Inspiration |accessdate=28 October 2011 |date=27 September 2008 |publisher=Pragoti}}</ref>

====Execution====
[[File:BhagatSingh DeathCertificate.jpg|right|180px|Death Certificate of Bhagat Singh]]
Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were sentenced to death in the Lahore conspiracy case and ordered to be hanged on 24 March 1931.<ref name="tribuneindia.com"/> That schedule was moved forward by 11 hours and he was hanged on 23 March 1931 at 7:30 pm{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|pp=132–134|ps=}} in [[Lahore]] jail with his comrades Rajguru and Sukhdev. It is reported that no magistrate of the time was willing to supervise his hanging as was required by law. The execution was supervised by an honorary judge, who also signed the three death warrants as their original warrants had expired.<ref>{{cite news |first=Haroon |last=Khalid |title=In Bhagat Singh's memory |date=March 2010 |url=http://jang.com.pk/thenews/mar2010-weekly/nos-28-03-2010/she.htm#1 |work=[[Daily Jang]] |accessdate =4 December 2011}}</ref> The jail authorities then broke the rear wall of the jail and secretly cremated the three men under cover of darkness outside [[Ganda Singh Wala]] village, and then threw the ashes into the [[Sutlej]] river, about {{convert|10|km|mi}} from [[Firozpur|Ferozepore]].<ref name=epaperHT>{{cite news |first=R. K. |last=Kaushik |title=Bhagat Singh, the final hours |date=9 October 2011 |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://epaper.hindustantimes.com/PUBLICATIONS/HT/HD/2011/10/09/ArticleHtmls/Bhagat-Singh-The-Final-Hours-09102011015002.shtml |accessdate =31 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="tribuneindia.com">{{cite news |title=Shaheedon ki dharti |date=3 July 1999 |work=The Tribune |location=India |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99jul03/saturday/regional.htm#3 |accessdate=11 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="ferozepur.nic.in">{{cite web |url=http://ferozepur.nic.in/html/HUSSAINIWALA.html |title=National Martyrs Memorial, Hussainiwala |accessdate=11 October 2011 |publisher=District Administration, Firozepur, Punjab}}</ref>

====Criticism of the Special Tribunal and method of execution====
Singh's trial has been described by the Supreme Court as "contrary to the fundamental doctrine of criminal jurisprudence" because there was no opportunity for the accused to defend themselves.<ref name=supremecourt>{{cite web |url=http://www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in/sciphoto/photo_m1.html |title=Supreme Court of India – Photographs of the exhibition on the "Trial of Bhagat Singh" |accessdate=11 October 2011 |work=Supreme Court of India |publisher=[[Supreme Court of India]]}}</ref> The Special Tribunal was a departure from the normal procedure adopted for a trial and its decision could only be appealed to the Privy Council located in Britain.{{sfnp|India Law Journal|2008|ps=}} The accused were absent from the court and the judgement was passed ex-parte.<ref>{{cite news |first=R |last=Sedhuraman |title=Bhagat Singh executed illegally: Researcher |date=12 August 2011 |work=The Tribune |location=India |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110815/nation.htm#7 |accessdate=11 October 2011}}</ref> The ordinance, which was introduced by the Viceroy to form the Special Tribunal, was never approved by the Central Assembly or the British Parliament, and it eventually lapsed without any legal or constitutional sanctity.<ref name=rare>{{cite news |author=[[Chaman Lal|Lal, Chaman]]|title=Rare documents on Bhagat Singh's trial and life in jail |date=15 August 2011 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/article2356959.ece |work=The Hindu |accessdate =31 October 2011 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

====Reactions to the executions====
[[Image:Bhagat Singh's execution Lahore Tribune Front page.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Front page of ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'' announcing Bhagat Singh's execution]]
The execution of Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were reported widely by the press, especially as they were on the eve of the annual convention of the [[Congress party]] at [[Karachi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian executions stun the Congress |date=25 March 1931 |work=The New York Times |url=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DFA0B11F83F5E1B7A93C7AB1788D85F458385F9%26scp%3D18%26sq%3D%2522Bhagat%2520Singh%2522%26st%3Dcse&date=2012-04-01 |accessdate=11 October 2011}}</ref> Gandhi faced black flag demonstrations by angry youths who shouted "Down with Gandhi".{{sfnp|Singh|2007|ps=}} The ''[[New York Times]]'' reported:
{{quote|A reign of terror in the city of Cawnpore in the United Provinces and an attack on Mahatma Gandhi by a youth outside Karachi were among the answers of the Indian extremists today to the hanging of Bhagat Singh and two fellow-assassins.<ref>{{cite news |title=50 die in India riot; Gandhi assaulted as party gathers |date=26 March 1931 |work=The New York Times |url=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DFA0C15F93F5E1B7A93C4AB1788D85F458385F9%26scp%3D19%26sq%3D%2522Bhagat%2520Singh%2522%26st%3Dcse&date=2012-04-01 |accessdate=11 October 2011}}</ref>}}

[[Hartal]]s and strikes of mourning were called.<ref>{{cite news |first=T. |last=Ramakrishnan |title=Tamil Nadu saw spontaneous protests after the hanging |date=22 August 2011 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/article2379712.ece |work=The Hindu |accessdate =23 November 2011 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> The [[Congress party]], during the [[Karachi]] session, declared:
{{quote|While dissociating itself from and disapproving of political violence in any shape or form, this Congress places on record its admiration of the bravery and sacrifice of Bhagat Singh, Sukh Dev and Raj Guru and mourns with their bereaved families the loss of these lives. The Congress is of the opinion that their triple execution was an act of wanton vengeance and a deliberate flouting of the unanimous demand of the nation for commutation. This Congress is further of the opinion that the [British] Government lost a golden opportunity for promoting good-will between the two nations, admittedly held to be crucial at this juncture, and for winning over to methods of peace a party which, driven to despair, resorts to political violence.<ref>{{cite news |title=INDIA: Naked to Buckingham Palace |date=6 April 1931 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,741366-2,00.html |page=3 |accessdate=11 October 2011}}</ref>}}

In the issue of ''Young India'' of 29 March 1931, Gandhi wrote:
{{quote|"Bhagat Singh and his two associates have been hanged. The Congress made many attempts to save their lives and the Government entertained many hopes of it, but all has been in a vain. 
Bhagat Singh did not wish to live. He refused to apologise, or even file an appeal. Bhagat Singh was not a devotee of non-violence, but he did not subscribe to the religion of violence. He took to violence due to helplessness and to defend his homeland. In his last letter, Bhagat Singh wrote, " I have been arrested while waging a war. For me there can be no gallows. Put me into the mouth of a cannon and blow me off." These heroes had conquered the fear of death. Let us bow to them a thousand times for their heroism. 
But we should not imitate their act. In our land of millions of destitute and crippled people, if we take to the practice of seeking justice through murder, there will be a terrifying situation. Our poor people will become victims of our atrocities. By making a dharma of violence, we shall be reaping the fruit of our own actions. 
Hence, though we praise the courage of these brave men, we should never countenance their activities. Our dharma is to swallow our anger, abide by the discipline of non-violence and carry out our duty."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rrtd.nic.in/bhagat%20singh.html |title=Bhagat Singh |accessdate =13 January 2012 |publisher=Research, Reference and Training Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, New Delhi}}</ref>}}

==Popularity among people==
[[File:Shaheed Bhagat Singh. Rewalsar, Himachal Pradesh.jpg|thumb|200px|Wall painting of Shaheed Bhagat Singh. [[Rewalsar, India]]. 2010]]
[[Subhas Chandra Bose]] said that "Bhagat Singh had become the symbol of the new awakening among the youths ...". [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] acknowledged that the popularity of Bhagat Singh was leading to a new national awakening, saying: {{quote|He was a clean fighter who faced his enemy in the open field ... he was like a spark that became a flame in a short time and spread from one end of the country to the other dispelling the prevailing darkness everywhere.{{sfnp|Singh|2007|ps=}}}} Four years after Singh's hanging, the Director of the Intelligence Bureau, Sir Horace Williamson, wrote: {{quote|His photograph was on sale in every city and township and for a time rivalled in popularity even that of Mr. Gandhi himself.{{sfnp|Singh|2007|ps=}}}}

==Ideals and opinions==

Singh was attracted to [[anarchism]] and [[communism]].{{sfnp|Rao|1997|ps=}} He was an avid reader of the teachings of [[Mikhail Bakunin]] and also read [[Karl Marx]], [[Vladimir Lenin]] and [[Leon Trotsky]].{{sfnp|Adams|2005|ps=}} In his last testament, "To Young Political Workers", he declares his ideal as the "Social reconstruction on new, i.e., Marxist, basis".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Singh|first1=Bhagat|title=To Young Political Workers|url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/bhagat-singh/1931/02/02.htm|publisher=Marxists.org|accessdate=13 February 2015}}</ref> Singh did not believe in the [[Gandhism|Gandhian]] ideology—which advocated ''[[Satyagraha]]'' and other forms of non-violent resistance, and felt that such politics would replace one set of exploiters with another.<ref name=HINDUBSMP>{{cite news|title=Bhagat Singh an early Marxist, says Panikkar |work=The Hindu |date=14 October 2007 |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/14/stories/2007101454130400.htm|accessdate=1 January 2008 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080115200414/http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/14/stories/2007101454130400.htm|archivedate=15 January 2008 |deadurl=no |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

From May to September 1928, Singh published a series of articles on [[anarchism]] in ''Kirti''. He was concerned that the public misunderstood the concept of anarchism, writing that "The people are scared of the word anarchism. The word anarchism has been abused so much that even in India revolutionaries have been called anarchist to make them unpopular." In his opinion, anarchism refers to absence of ruler and abolition of state, not absence of order, and "I think in India the idea of universal brotherhood, the Sanskrit sentence ''[[vasudhaiva kutumbakam]]'' etc., has the same meaning." He believed that {{quote|The ultimate goal of Anarchism is complete independence, according to which no one will be obsessed with God or religion, nor will anybody be crazy for money or other worldly desires. There will be no chains on the body or control by the state. This means that they want to eliminate: the Church, God and Religion; the state; Private property.{{sfnp|Rao|1997|ps=}}}}

Historian [[K. N. Panikkar]] described Singh as one of the early Marxists in India, although others have said that he was less interested in class- or communal-based issues than youth-based ones<ref name=HINDUBSMP/> and the political theorist Jason Adams notes that he was less enamoured with Marx than with Lenin.{{sfnp|Adams|2005|ps=}} From 1926 onwards, he studied the history of the revolutionary movement in India and abroad. In his prison notebooks, he quoted Lenin in reference to imperialism and capitalism and also the revolutionary thoughts of Trotsky.{{sfnp|Rao|1997|ps=}} When asked what his last wish was, Singh replied that he was studying the life of Lenin and he wanted to finish it before his death.<ref>{{cite web|author=Chinmohan Sehanavis |url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article351.html |title=Impact of Lenin on Bhagat Singh's Life |work=Mainstream Weekly |accessdate=28 October 2011}}</ref> In spite of his belief in Marxist ideals however, Singh never joined the [[Communist Party of India]].{{sfnp|Adams|2005|ps=}}

===Atheism===
Singh began to question religious ideologies after witnessing the Hindu–Muslim riots that broke out after Gandhi disbanded the [[Non-Cooperation Movement]]. He did not understand how members of these two groups, initially united in fighting against the British, could be at each other's throats because of their religious differences.{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA26 26]|ps=}} At this point, Singh dropped his religious beliefs, since he believed religion hindered the revolutionaries' struggle for independence, and began studying the works of [[Mikhail Bakunin|Bakunin]], [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]], [[Leon Trotsky|Trotsky]] – all atheist revolutionaries. He also took an interest in [[Soham Swami]]'s book ''Common Sense'' (Singh incorrectly referred to [[Niralamba Swami]] as the author of the book, however Niralamba had only written the introduction), which advocated a form of "mystic atheism".{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA27 27]|ps=}}

While in his prison cell in 1930-31 Bhagat Singh was approached by [[Randhir Singh (Sikh)|Randhir Singh]], a fellow inmate, and a Sikh leader who would later found the [[Akhand Kirtani Jatha]]. According to Bhagat Singh close associate (and later compiler and editor of his writings), Shiva Verma, Randhir Singh tried to convince Bhagat Singh of the existence of God, and upon failing berated him, "You are giddy with fame and have developed an ego that is standing like a black curtain between you and God".{{sfnp|Singh|Hooja|2007|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC&pg=PA166 166–177]|ps=}}{{efn|In his own account of the meeting though, Randhir Singh says that Bhagat Singh repented for giving up his religion and said that he did so only under the influence of irreligious people and in search of personal glory. Certain Sikh groups periodically attempt to reclaim Bhagat Singh as a Sikh based on Randhir Singh's writings<ref name="FenechMcLeod2014">{{cite book|author1=Louis E. Fenech|author2=W. H. McLeod|authorlink2=W. H. McLeod|title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA64|date=11 June 2014|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-3601-1|page=64}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1= [[Randhir Singh (Sikh)|Randhir Singh]]|author2= Trilochan Singh (translator)|title = Jehl Chittian|trans-title=Autobiography of Bhai Sahib Randhir Singh|url=http://vidhia.com/Bhai%20Randheer%20Singh%20Ji/Autobiography-Bhai-Sahib-Randhir-Singh-Ji.pdf|pages=241-248|year=1971}}</ref>}} In response, Bhagat Singh wrote a essay entitled ''[[Why I am an Atheist]]'' to address the question of whether his atheism was born out of vanity. In the essay he defended his own beliefs and said that he used to be a firm believer in The Almighty, but could not bring himself to believe the myths and beliefs that others held close to their hearts. He acknowledged the fact that religion made death easier, but also said that unproved philosophy is a sign of human weakness.{{sfnp|Singh|Hooja|2007|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC&pg=PA166 166–177]|ps=}} In this context, he noted:
{{quote|As regard the origin of God, my thought is that man created God in his imagination when he realised his weaknesses, limitations and shortcomings. In this way he got the courage to face all the trying circumstances and to meet all dangers that might occur in his life and also to restrain his outbursts in prosperity and affluence. God, with his whimsical laws and parental generosity was painted with variegated colours of imagination. He was used as a deterrent factor when his fury and his laws were repeatedly propagated so that man might not become a danger to society. He was the cry of the distressed soul for he was believed to stand as father and mother, sister and brother, brother and friend when in time of distress a man was left alone and helpless. He was Almighty and could do anything. The idea of God is helpful to a man in distress.{{sfnp|Singh|Hooja|2007|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC&pg=PA166 166–177]|ps=}}}}

Towards the end of the essay, Bhagat Singh wrote:
{{quote|Let us see how steadfast I am. One of my friends asked me to pray. When informed of my atheism, he said, "When your last days come, you will begin to believe." I said, "No, dear sir, Never shall it happen. I consider it to be an act of degradation and demoralisation. For such petty selfish motives, I shall never pray." Reader and friends, is it vanity? If it is, I stand for it.{{sfnp|Singh|Hooja|2007|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC&pg=PA166 166–177]|ps=}}}}

===Death===
His mentor as a young boy was Kartar Singh Sarabha, whose photo he always carried in his pocket.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Influence of Ghadar Movement on Bhagat Singh's Thought and Action |journal=Journal of Pakistan Vision |year=2008 |first=Harish K. |last=Puri |volume=9 |issue=2|url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/studies/PDF-FILES/4-Harish%20Puri.pdf |accessdate =18 November 2011 }}</ref> Singh is himself considered a martyr by Indians for acting to avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai.<ref name=orissagov>{{cite journal |title=Bhagat Singh : Revolutionary with a difference |journal=Orissa Review |date=August 2007 |first=Smruti Ranjan |last=Mishra |volume=LXIV |issue=1 |page=44 |url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/august-2007/engpdf/aug07.pdf?page=44 |accessdate =20 November 2011}}</ref> In the leaflet he threw in the Central Assembly on 9 April 1929, he stated: "It is easy to kill individuals but you cannot kill the ideas. Great empires crumbled, while the ideas survived."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shahidbhagatsingh.org/index.asp?link=april8 |work=Letters, Writings and Statements of Shaheed Bhagat Singh and his Copatriots |title=Leaflet thrown in the Central Assembly Hall, New Delhi at the time of the throwing bombs. |accessdate=11 October 2011 |publisher=Shahid Bhagat Singh Research Committee, Ludhiana}}</ref> After studying the [[Russian Revolution]], he wanted to die so that his death would inspire the youth of India which in turn will unite them to fight the [[British Empire]].<ref name=orissagov /> While in prison, Singh and two others had written a letter to Lord Irwin, wherein they asked to be treated as prisoners of war and consequently to be executed by firing squad and not by hanging.<ref>{{cite news |first=Pamela |last=Philipose |title=Is this real justice? |date=10 September 2011 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/magazine/article2442039.ece |work=The Hindu |accessdate =20 November 2011 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> Prannath Mehta, Singh's friend, visited him in the jail on 20 March, four days before his execution, with a draft letter for clemency, but he declined to sign it.{{sfnp|Vaidya|2001|ps=}}

==Controversy==
There have been suggestions that [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]] had an opportunity to stop Singh's execution, but refrained from doing so. A variation of this theory is that Gandhi actively conspired with the British to have Singh executed. Gandhi's supporters argue that Gandhi did not have enough influence with the British to stop the execution, much less arrange it,<ref name="The Sunday Tribune">{{cite news |first=V. N. |last=Datta |title=Mahatma and the Martyr |date=27 July 2008 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080727/spectrum/main1.htm |work=The Tribune |location=India |accessdate=28 October 2011}}</ref> but claim that he did his best to save Singh's life.<ref>{{cite news |first=Varun |last=Suthra |title=Gandhiji tried hard to save Bhagat Singh |date=16 December 2012 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111216/main7.htm |work=The Tribune |location=India |accessdate =14 January 2012}}</ref> They also assert that Singh's role in the independence movement was of no threat to Gandhi's role as its leader, and so Gandhi would have no reason to want him dead.{{sfnp|Vaidya|2001|ps=}} Gandhi, during his lifetime, always maintained that he was a great admirer of Singh's patriotism. He also stated that he was opposed to Singh's execution (and for that matter, [[capital punishment]] in general) and proclaimed that he had no power to stop it.<ref name="The Sunday Tribune" /> On Singh's execution, Gandhi said, "The government certainly had the right to hang these men. However, there are some rights which do credit to those who possess them only if they are enjoyed in name only."{{sfnp|Nayar|2000|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA140 140]|ps=}} Gandhi also once remarked about capital punishment, "I cannot in all conscience agree to anyone being sent to the gallows. God alone can take life, because he alone gives it."<ref>{{cite news |first=Rajindar |last=Sachar |title=Death to the death penalty |date=17 May 2008 |work=[[Tehelka]] |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main39.asp?filename=Op170508death_to.asp |accessdate =1 November 2011}}</ref> Gandhi had managed to have 90,000 political prisoners who were not members of his ''Satyagraha'' movement released under the [[Gandhi-Irwin Pact]].{{sfnp|Vaidya|2001|ps=}} According to a report in the Indian magazine ''[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]'', he did plead several times for the commutation of the death sentence of Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev, including a personal visit on 19 March 1931. In a letter to the Viceroy on the day of their execution, he pleaded fervently for commutation, not knowing that the letter would be too late.{{sfnp|Vaidya|2001|ps=}} Lord Irwin, the Viceroy, later said:
{{quote|As I listened to Mr. Gandhi putting the case for commutation before me, I reflected first on what significance it surely was that the apostle of non-violence should so earnestly be pleading the cause of the devotees of a creed so fundamentally opposed to his own, but I should regard it as wholly wrong to allow my judgment to be influenced by purely political considerations. I could not imagine a case in which under the law, penalty had been more directly deserved.{{sfnp|Vaidya|2001|ps=}}}}

==Legacy==

===Indian independence movement===
Singh's death had the effect that he desired and he inspired thousands of youths to assist the remainder of the [[Indian independence movement]].<ref name=orissagov /> After his hanging, youths in regions around northern India rioted in protest against the British Raj and Gandhi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sacw.net/article22.html |title=Book review: Why the Story of Bhagat Singh Remains on the Margins? |accessdate =29 October 2011|last=Singh |first=Pritam |date=24 September 2008}}</ref>

===Memorials and museums===
'''Statue in the Parliament of India'''
On 15 August 2008, an 18-foot tall bronze statue of Singh was installed in the [[Parliament of India]], next to the statues of [[Indira Gandhi]] and Subhas Chandra Bose.<ref>{{cite news |first=Aditi |last=Tandon |title=Prez to unveil martyr's 'turbaned' statue |date=8 August 2008 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080808/nation.htm#16 |work=The Tribune |location=India |accessdate=29 October 2011}}</ref> A portrait of Singh and Dutt also adorns the walls of the [[Parliament of India|Parliament House]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rajyasabhahindi.nic.in/rshindi/picture_gallery/bk_dutt_1.asp |title=Bhagat Singh and B.K. Dutt|accessdate =3 December 2011 |publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]], [[Parliament of India]]}}</ref>

'''National Martyrs Memorial'''
[[File:National Martyrs Memorial Hussainiwala closeup.jpg|thumb|The National Martyrs Memorial, built at Hussainiwala in memory of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru]]
The place where Singh was cremated, at [[Hussainiwala]] on the banks of the Sutlej river, became Pakistani territory during the [[Partition of India|partition]]. On 17 January 1961, it was transferred to India in exchange for 12 villages near the [[Sulemanki Headworks]].<ref name="ferozepur.nic.in" /> Batukeshwar Dutt was cremated there on 19 July 1965 in accordance with his last wishes, as was Singh's mother, Vidyawati.<ref name="tribuneindia.com"/> The National Martyrs Memorial was built on the cremation spot in 1968<ref>{{cite news |first=K. S. |last=Bains |title=Making of a memorial |date=23 September 2007 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070923/spectrum/main2.htm |work=The Tribune |location=India |accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref> and has memorials of Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev. During the [[1971 Indo-Pakistani War|1971 India–Pakistan war]], the memorial was damaged and the statues of the martyrs were removed and taken away by the Pakistani army. They have not been returned<ref name="ferozepur.nic.in" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ferozepur.nic.in/html/indopakborder.html |title=Retreat ceremony at Hussainiwala (Indo-Pak Border) |accessdate=21 October 2011|publisher=District Administration Ferozepur, Government of Punjab}}</ref> but the memorial was rebuilt in 1973.<ref name="tribuneindia.com"/>

The ''Shaheedi Mela'' (Punjabi: Martyrdom Fair) is an event held annually on 23 March and sees people paying homage at the National Martyrs Memorial.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gazfzpr5.htm |title=Dress and Ornaments |accessdate=21 October 2011|work=Gazetteer of India, Punjab, Firozpur (First Edition) |year=1983 |publisher=Department of Revenue, Rehabilitation and Disaster Management, Government of Punjab}}</ref> The day is also observed across the Indian state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Chander |last=Parkash |title=National Monument Status Eludes Building |date=23 March 2011 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110323/punjab.htm#9 |work=The Tribune |location=India |accessdate=29 October 2011}}</ref>

'''Bhagat Singh Museum & Bhagat Singh Memorial'''
The Shaheed-e-azam Sardar Bhagat Singh Museum opened on his 50th death anniversary at his ancestral village, [[Khatkar Kalan]]. Exhibits include Singh's half-burnt ashes, the blood-soaked sand and the blood-stained newspaper in which the ashes were wrapped.<ref name=museum>{{cite news |first=Sarbjit |last=Dhaliwal |author2=Amarjit Thind |title=Policemen make a beeline for museum |date=23 March 2011 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110323/punjab.htm#2 |work=The Tribune |location=India |accessdate=29 October 2011}}</ref> A page of the first Lahore Conspiracy Case's judgement through which Kartar Singh Sarabha was sentenced to death and on which Singh put some notes is also present,<ref name=museum /> as well as a copy of the ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'' with Bhagat Singh's signature, which was given to him in Lahore Jail, and other personal belongings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_jdr13.htm |title=Chapter XIV (f) |accessdate=21 October 2011 |work=Gazetteer Jalandhar |publisher=Department of Revenue, Rehabilitation and Disaster Management, Government of Punjab}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/Chapter%2015.htm |title=Chapter XV |accessdate=21 October 2011 |work=Gazetteer Nawanshahr|publisher=Department of Revenue, Rehabilitation and Disaster Management, Government of Punjab}}</ref>

The Bhagat Singh Memorial was built in 2009 in Khatkar Kalan at a cost of {{INRConvert|168|m}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/bhagat-singh-memorial-in-native-village-gets-go-ahead_100149026.html|title=Bhagat Singh memorial in native village gets go ahead|date=30 January 2009|publisher=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]|accessdate=22 March 2011}}</ref>

'''Other'''
The [[Supreme Court of India]] established a museum to display landmarks in the history of India's judicial system, displaying records of some historic trials. The first exhibition that was organised was the ''Trial of Bhagat Singh'', which opened on 28 September 2007, on the birth centenary celebrations of Singh.<ref name=supremecourt /><ref name=rare /> In September 2007, the Governor of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Pakistani Punjab]], [[Khalid Maqbool]], announced that a memorial to Singh would be displayed at [[Lahore Museum]]. According to the governor, Singh was the first martyr of the subcontinent and his example was followed by many youths of the time.<ref name="dawn">{{cite news |first=Mahir |last=Ali |title=Requiem for a freedom fighter |date=26 September 2007 |url=http://archives.dawn.com/2007/09/26/ed.htm#4 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |accessdate=11 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Memorial will be built to Bhagat Singh, says governor |date=2 September 2007 |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C09%5C02%5Cstory_2-9-2007_pg7_33 |publisher=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)]]|accessdate=11 October 2011}}</ref> However, the promise was not fulfilled.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jail where Bhagat Singh held in ruins; memorial promise unkept |date=16 October 2010 |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/30865/jail-bhagat-singh-held-ruins.html |work=Deccan Herald |accessdate=12 October 2011}}</ref>

===Modern day===
[[File:Statues of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev.jpg|thumb|210px|Statues of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev at the India–Pakistan Border, near [[Hussainiwala]]]]
The youth of India still draw tremendous amount of inspiration from Singh.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sharmila |last=Ravinder |title=Bhagat Singh, the eternal youth icon |date=13 October 2011 |url=http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tiger-trail/entry/bhagath-singh-the-eternal-youth-icon |work=The Times of India |accessdate =4 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Amit |last=Sharma |title=Bhagat Singh: Hero then, hero now |date=28 September 2011 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110928/cth1.htm#6 |work=The Tribune |location=India |accessdate =4 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Amit |last=Sharma |title=We salute the great martyr Bhagat Singh |date=28 September 2011 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110928/cth1.htm#8 |work=The Tribune |location=India |accessdate =4 December 2011}}</ref> He was voted the "Greatest Indian" in a poll by the Indian magazine ''India Today'' in 2008, ahead of Bose and Gandhi.<ref>{{cite news |first=S. |last=Prasannarajan |title=60 greatest Indians |date=11 April 2008 |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/60+greatest+Indians/1/6964.html |work=[[India Today]] |accessdate =7 December 2011}}</ref> During the centenary of his birth, a group of intellectuals set up an institution named Bhagat Singh Sansthan to commemorate him and his ideals.<ref>{{cite news |title=In memory of Bhagat Singh |date=1 January 2007 |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070101/region.htm |work=The Tribune |location=India |accessdate=28 October 2011}}</ref> The Parliament of India paid tributes and observed silence as a mark of respect in memory of Singh on 23 March 2001<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rajyasabhahindi.nic.in/rshindi/session_journals/192/23032001.pdf|title=Tributes to Martyrs Bhagat Singh, Raj Guru and Sukhdev |accessdate =3 December 2011 |date=23 March 2001 |format=PDF |publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]], [[Parliament of India]]}}</ref> and 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rajyasabhahindi.nic.in/rshindi/session_journals/204/23032005.pdf |title=Tributes to Martyrs Bhagat Singh, Raj Guru and Sukhdev |accessdate =3 December 2011 |date=23 March 2005 |format=PDF |publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]], [[Parliament of India]]}}</ref> In Pakistan, after a long-standing demand by activists from the Bhagat Singh Foundation of Pakistan, the Shadman Chowk square in Lahore, where he was hanged, was to be renamed as Bhagat Singh Chowk. {{as of|December 2012}}, this proposal is on hold due to a legal challenge.<ref>{{ cite news |title=Bhagat Singh: ‘Plan to rename chowk not dropped, just on hold’| date= 18 December 2012| url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/480973/bhagat-singh-plan-to-rename-chowk-not-dropped-just-on-hold/ |newspaper=The Express Tribune |accessdate=26 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=It’s now Bhagat Singh Chowk in Lahore |date=30 September 2012 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/its-now-bhagat-singh-chowk-in-lahore/article3951829.ece?homepage=true |work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=2 October 2012 |location=Chennai, India |first=Anita |last=Joshua}}</ref>

'''Movies'''
Several films have been made capturing the life and times of Singh. The first is the long-ignored ''Shaheed-e-Azad Bhagat Singh'' (1954), followed by ''Shaheed Bhagat Singh'' (1963), starring [[Shammi Kapoor]] as Bhagat Singh. Two years later, [[Manoj Kumar]] portrayed Bhagat Singh in an immensely popular and landmark film, ''[[Shaheed (1965 film)|Shaheed]]''. Three major films about Singh were released in 2002 but all were unsuccessful: ''[[Shaheed-E-Azam]]'', ''[[23 March 1931: Shaheed]]'' and ''[[The Legend of Bhagat Singh]]''. The 2006 film ''[[Rang De Basanti]]'' is a film drawing parallels between revolutionaries of Bhagat Singh's era and modern Indian youth.<ref>{{cite news |first=Rajiv |last=Vijayakar |title=Pictures of Patriotism |date=19 March 2010 |publisher=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20100809025848/http://www.screenindia.com/news/pictures-of-patriotism/592527/ |accessdate =29 October 2011}}</ref>

In 2008, [[Nehru Memorial Museum and Library]] (NMML) and [[ANHAD|Act Now for Harmony and Democracy]] (ANHAD), a non-profit organisation, co-produced a 40-minute documentary on Bhagat Singh entitled ''[[Inqilab]]'', directed by [[Gauhar Raza]].<ref>{{cite news |title=New film tells 'real' Bhagat Singh story |date=13 July 2008 |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2FNews-Feed%2Fcinema%2FNew-film-tells-real-Bhagat-Singh-story%2FArticle1-323749.aspx&date=2012-04-01 |accessdate =29 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Documentary on Bhagat Singh |date=8 July 2008 |url=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2008%2F07%2F08%2Fstories%2F2008070853690400.htm&date=2012-04-01 |work=The Hindu |accessdate=28 October 2011}}</ref>

'''Theatre'''
Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru have been the inspiration for a number of plays in India and Pakistan, that continue to attract crowds.<ref>{{cite news |first=Chaman |last=Lal |title=Partitions within |date=26 January 2012 |url=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Farts%2Ftheatre%2Farticle2834265.ece&date=2012-04-01 |work=The Hindu |accessdate =30 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Shreya |last=Ray |title=The lost son of Lahore |date=20 January 2012 |url=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2F2012%2F01%2F20195956%2FThe-lost-son-of-Lahore.html%3Fh%3DB&date=2012-04-01 |work=[[Live Mint]] |accessdate =30 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sanawar students dramatise Bhagat Singh's life |date=n.d. |url=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dayandnightnews.com%2F2012%2F01%2Fsanawar-students-dramatise-bhagat-singhs-life%2F&date=2012-04-01 |work=Day and Night News |accessdate =30 January 2012}}</ref>

'''Songs'''
Although created by Ram PRasad Bismil, the patriotic Hindustani songs, "[[Sarfaroshi ki Tamanna]]" ("The desire to sacrifice") and "Mera Rang De Basanti Chola" ("O Mother! Dye my robe the colour of spring"<ref>{{cite news |first=Yogendra |last=Bali |title=The role of poets in freedom struggle |date=August 2000 |publisher=[[Government of India]] |url=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpib.nic.in%2Ffeature%2Ffeyr2000%2Ffaug2000%2Ff070820002.html&date=2012-04-01 |work=Press Information Bureau |accessdate =4 December 2011}}</ref>) are largely associated with Singh's martyrdom and have been used in a number of related films.<ref name="films">{{cite news |title=A non-stop show ... |date=3 June 2002 |url=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2Fthehindu%2Fmp%2F2002%2F06%2F03%2Fstories%2F2002060300500100.htm&date=2012-04-01 |work=The Hindu |accessdate=28 October 2011}}</ref>

'''Other'''
In 1968, a postage stamp was issued in India commemorating the 61st birth anniversary of Singh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianpost.com%2Fviewstamp.php%2FAlpha%2FB%2FBHAGAT%2520SINGH%2520AND%2520FOLLOWERS&date=2012-04-01 |title=Bhagat Singh and followers |accessdate =20 November 2011 |work=Indian Post }}</ref> In September 2006, Indian Government resolved to issue commemorative coins in his memory, although these had still not been issued by June 2011.<ref>{{cite news |first=Manish |last=Sirhindi |title=Coins in memory of Bhagat Singh remain a distant dream |date=8 June 2011 |url=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2F2011%2F20110608%2Fmain7.htm&date=2012-03-25 |work=The Tribune |location=India |accessdate =14 November 2011}}</ref>

==Criticism==
Singh was criticised both by his contemporaries and by people after his death, both for his violent and revolutionary stance towards the British as well as his strong opposition to the pacifist stance taken by Gandhi and the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name="Atheism1">{{cite news |author=[[K. N. Panikkar|Panikkar, K.N.]] |title=Celebrating Bhagat Singh |date=20 October 2007|work=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |url=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2Ffline%2Ffl2421%2Fstories%2F20071102500100400.htm&date=2012-03-30 |accessdate=11 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="Sukhdevletter">{{cite news |first=Aditi |last=Tandon |title=Mark of a Martyr |date=13 May 2007 |url=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2F2007%2F20070513%2Fspectrum%2Fmain1.htm&date=2012-03-23 |work=The Tribune |location=India |accessdate=28 October 2011}}</ref> The methods he used to convey his message, such as shooting Saunders and throwing non-lethal bombs, stood in stark contrast to Gandhi's non-violent methodology.<ref name="Sukhdevletter"/>

==See also==
*[[Udham Singh]]
*[[Hemu Kalani]]

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{notelist}}
'''Citations'''
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
'''Bibliography'''
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*{{citation |last=Sindhu |first=Veerendra |year=2009 |title=Yugdrashta Bhagat Singh |publisher=Rajpal and Sons}} {{hi icon}}
*{{citation |last2=Hooja |first2=Bhupendra |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC |title=The Jail Notebook and Other Writings |publisher=LeftWord Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-87496-72-4}}
*{{citation |title=Review article |journal=Journal of Punjab Studies |date=Fall 2007 |first=Pritam |last=Singh |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=297–326|accessdate=8 October 2013|url=http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journal_14_2/review_article.pdf}}
*{{citation |last2=Singh |first2=Trilochan |last1=Singh |first1=Randhir |authorlink1=Randhir Singh (Sikh)
|title=Autobiography of Bhai Sahib Randhir Singh: freedom fighter, reformer, theologian, saint and hero of Lahore conspiracy case, first prisoner of Gurdwara reform movement |publisher=Bhai Sahib Randhir Singh Trust |year=1993}}
*{{citation |title=Historical Analysis: Of means and ends |journal=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |date=14–27 April 2001 |first=Paresh R. |last=Vaidya |volume=18 |issue=8|url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1808/18080910.htm |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070829191713/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1808/18080910.htm |archivedate=29 August 2007 |accessdate=9 October 2013}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book|last=Sanyal|first=Jatinder|year=1931|title=Sardar Bhagat Singh (Online text)|url=http://www.shahidbhagatsingh.org/index.asp?linkid=34}}
*{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Vishwanath |year=2008 |title=Gandhi and Bhagat Singh |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=wvHNPQAACAAJ |publisher=Rupa & Co. |isbn=978-81-291-1367-2}}
*{{Cite book|last2=Singh|first2=Bhagat|last1=Habib|first1=Irfan S.|authorlink1=Irfan Habib|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JoIMAQAAMAAJ|year=2007|title=To make the deaf hear: ideology and programme of Bhagat Singh and his comrades|publisher=Three Essays Collective
|isbn=978-81-88789-56-6}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikisource author}}
{{Wikiquote}}
*[http://www.shahidbhagatsingh.org/ Bhagat Singh biography, and letters written by Bhagat Singh]
*[http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/entity/bhagat-singh Bhagat Singh materials at the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)]
*[http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?208908 His Violence Wasn't Just About Killing], ''[[Outlook (magazine)|Outlook]]''
*[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020918/edit.htm#5 Missed target of Bhagat Singh], ''[[Tribune India|The Tribune]]''
*[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110508/edit.htm#1 The indomitable courage and sacrifice of Bhagat Singh and his comrades will continue to inspire people], ''[[Tribune India|The Tribune]]''
*[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051211/spectrum/main1.htm Was Bhagat Singh shot dead?], ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]''
*[http://www.shabdankan.com/2015/03/sarla-maheshwari-on-bhagat-singh.html Sarla Maheshwari on Bhagat Singh]
{{Indian independence movement}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=95329648}}


{{Persondata
| NAME =Singh, Bhagat
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Indian Freedom Activist
| DATE OF BIRTH =28 September 1907
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Faisalabad|Lyallpur]], [[Punjab region|Punjab]], [[British India]]
| DATE OF DEATH =23 March 1931
| PLACE OF DEATH =[[Lahore]], [[Punjab region|Punjab]], [[British India]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Bhagat}}
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:1931 deaths]]
[[Category:Executed revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Former Sikhs]]
[[Category:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]]
[[Category:Indian anarchists]]
[[Category:Indian atheists]]
[[Category:Indian communists]]
[[Category:Indian people executed by hanging]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:People executed by British India by hanging]]
[[Category:People executed for murdering police officers]]
[[Category:People from Lahore]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]