Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Template:Iafd/doc

2024-04-09T17:04:15Z

Tjmj: Clean up category

{{documentation subpage}}
This template should never be used in articles to link the [[Internet Adult Film Database]] (Iafd), instead use one of the more specific templates listed below.

==Internet Adult Film Database templates==
*{{tlx|IAFD name}} for people.
*{{tlx|IAFD movie}} for films.
*{{tlx|IAFD distributor}} for distributors.
*{{tlx|IAFD studio}} for studios.

{{Disambiguation}}

<includeonly>{{Sandbox other||
[[Category:Film external link templates]]
}}</includeonly>

Crespano del Grappa

2024-03-31T09:23:33Z

Tjmj: fix links

{{Infobox Italian frazione
| name = Crespano del Grappa
| native_name =
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| shield_alt =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map = Italy Veneto#Italy
| coordinates = {{coord|45|50|N|11|50|E|region:IT|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| comune = [[Pieve del Grappa]]
| region = {{RegioneIT|sigla=VEN}}
| province = {{ProvinciaIT (short form)|sigla=TV}} (TV)
| mayor_party =
| mayor =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 17
| population_footnotes = <ref name="istat">All demographics and other statistics from the Italian statistical institute ([[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]])</ref>
| population_total = 4767
| population_as_of = 31 December 2008
| pop_density_footnotes =
| population_demonym = Crespanesi
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_min_m =
| elevation_max_m =
| elevation_m = 300
| saint = [[Mark the Evangelist|San Marco]], [[Pancras of Rome|San Pancrazio]]
| day = 25 April
| postal_code = 31017
| area_code = 0423
| website =
| footnotes =
| frazioni = [[Borso del Grappa]], [[Cismon del Grappa]] (VI), [[Fonte (Italia)|Fonte]], [[Paderno del Grappa]], [[San Zenone degli Ezzelini]]
}}
'''Crespano del Grappa''' is a small town and a ''[[frazione]]'' of [[Pieve del Grappa]] in the [[province of Treviso]], [[Veneto]] region of [[Italy]]. As of 2007 Crespano del Grappa had an estimated population of 4,680.
<ref name="world gazetteer">{{cite web | url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?men=gpro&des=gamelan&geo=489007180 | title=The World Gazetteer | accessdate=2007-02-21 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001061708/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?men=gpro&des=gamelan&geo=489007180 | archivedate=2007-10-01 }}</ref>

==History==
{{stack|[[File:Piazza Crespano.jpg|thumb|150px|Crespano church]]}}
Crespano del Grappa was a separate ''[[comune]]'' (municipality) until 30 January 2019, when it was merged with [[Paderno del Grappa]] to form a new ''[[comune]]''.

==Twin towns==
Crespano del Grappa was [[Sister city|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|AUS}} [[City of Griffith|Griffith]], Australia
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Folsom, California|Folsom]], United States

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Province of Treviso}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Crespano Del Grappa}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Veneto]]

{{Veneto-geo-stub}}

Template:Infobox frazione

2024-03-30T08:46:52Z

Tjmj: remove extra space

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Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara

2024-03-10T13:46:34Z

Tjmj: /* External links */ Added {{Bollywood Hungama movie}}

{{short description|2011 Hindi-language buddy road comedy-drama film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{good article}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara
| image = Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara.jpg
| alt = Five young Indian people stand on grass under a blue sky. From left, a young woman wearing a short black-and-white dress stands with her right leg slightly twisted. A man wearing glasses is jumping with his hands on back of the next person. A second man stares ahead, putting his hands on the shoulders of the fourth man. The third man wears a hat and a scarf, with his hands crossed in front. On the right is a woman wearing a short dress; her right leg is twisted backwards and she holds her elbow stretched out and her left arm to her right.
| caption = Indian theatrical release poster
| director = [[Zoya Akhtar]]
| screenplay = Zoya Akhtar [[Reema Kagti]]
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes | label1= Dialogue by | data1 =[[Farhan Akhtar]]}}
| producer = [[Farhan Akhtar]] [[Ritesh Sidhwani]]
| starring = [[Hrithik Roshan]] [[Abhay Deol]] [[Farhan Akhtar]] [[Katrina Kaif]] [[Kalki Koechlin]]
| cinematography = Carlos Catalan
| editing = Anand Subaya
| music = '''Score:''' [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]] Indrajit Sharma (Tubby) '''Songs:''' [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
| studio = [[Excel Entertainment]] Kanzaman Productions
| distributor = [[Eros International]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2011|07|15|}}
| runtime = 153 minutes<ref name="Runtime">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2011 |title=ZINDAGI NA MILEGI DOBARA (PG) |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-2011-0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129044645/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-2011-0 |archive-date=29 January 2016 |access-date=5 October 2012 |website=British Board of Film Classification}}</ref>
| country = India Spain
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}450 million<ref name="boxofficeindia.com">{{Cite web |title=Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=33 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420172811/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=33 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |access-date=16 June 2021 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR}}1.53 billion<ref name="boiworldwidegross">{{Cite web |last=BOI Trade Network |date=3 February 2012 |title=Top Worldwide Grossers ALL TIME: 37 Films Hit 100 crore |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3997&nCat= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205213224/http://boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3997&nCat= |archive-date=5 February 2012 |access-date=3 February 2012 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>
}}

'''''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara''''' ({{translation|''You Only Live Once''}}), also abbreviated as '''''ZNMD''''', is a 2011 [[Hindi]]-language [[Coming-of-age story|coming-of-age]] [[adventure comedy film]] directed by [[Zoya Akhtar]] and produced by [[Farhan Akhtar]] and [[Ritesh Sidhwani]] under [[Excel Entertainment]]. The film stars an [[ensemble cast]] of [[Hrithik Roshan]], [[Abhay Deol]], [[Farhan Akhtar]], [[Katrina Kaif]] and [[Kalki Koechlin]]. A [[Co-production (media)|co-production]] between India and Spain, it was filmed in Spain, India, Egypt, and the United Kingdom on a budget of {{INRConvert|45|c|lk=c|year=2011}}. The music and background score are composed by [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]] with lyrics by [[Javed Akhtar]].

The film's story follows three childhood friends, Arjun, Kabir, and Imran, who reunite for a three-week road trip. They set off to Spain and meet Laila, who falls in love with Arjun and helps him overcome his [[Workaholic|compulsion to work]]. Kabir and his fiancée Natasha experience significant misunderstandings, while Imran wishes to meet his biological father, an artist. During their trip, each friend chooses a dangerous sport for the group to partake in.

''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'' was initially planned to release on 27 May 2011, but technical problems with [[post-production]] work led to the release being postponed to 24 June, and again to 15 July that year. The film had a worldwide release on 1,800 screens and was a commercial success grossing {{INRConvert|1.53|b}} and received widespread critical acclaim for its direction, story, screenplay, music, humor, cinematography and performances of the ensemble cast.

At the [[57th Filmfare Awards]], ''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'' received a leading 13 nominations, including [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] ([[Hrithik Roshan]]), [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] ([[Abhay Deol]]) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] ([[Kalki Koechlin]]), and won a leading seven awards, including [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film|Best Film (Critics)]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] ([[Zoya Akhtar]]) and Best Supporting Actor ([[Farhan Akhtar]]). Additionally, at the [[59th National Film Awards]], it won two awards – [[National Film Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]] ([[Bosco-Caesar]] for "Senorita") and [[National Film Award for Best Audiography|Best Audiography]] (Baylon Fonseca).

== Plot ==
Kabir Dewan is planning a three-week road-trip bachelor party in Spain with his friends from school – Imran Qureshi, an advertising copywriter; and Arjun Saluja, a financial broker based in London. Kabir says the three friends have a long-standing pact, and that during the road trip each of them will pick a surprise adventure sport in which they all have to participate together. Arjun is initially reluctant to take the trip as he does not want to miss work. Imran secretly plans to find his estranged biological father after discovering letters from his late foster father Faisal Qureshi, though his mother Rahila resists the thought.

The three men fly to Spain separately and meet in [[Barcelona]], where Imran takes Kabir out to find an art gallery where they come across the work of Salman Habib, an artist who lives in Spain. They plan to visit [[Costa Brava]], [[Seville]], and [[Pamplona]]. On the way to Costa Brava, Imran and Kabir are annoyed when Arjun [[Workaholic|continues working]] on the journey. While Arjun is driving and answering a phone call, Imran casually throws Arjun's mobile phone out of their car, which results in a physical altercation. Arjun, in a fit of rage, accuses Imran of being unapologetic for being involved four years prior with Arjun's then-girlfriend Sonali; Kabir stops the argument and advises Arjun and Imran not to bring up Sonali as she was the main reason why the trip was cancelled four years prior. Upon reaching their destination, they meet Laila, an [[Anglo-Indian]] woman, to whom Arjun is immediately attracted; Imran flirts with her and makes Arjun jealous.

Kabir announces he has chosen underwater diving as their first sport, and they later find that Laila is their diving instructor. Arjun, who cannot swim and is [[Aquaphobia|aquaphobic]], receives assistance from Laila to overcome his fears, and finishes the sport successfully, gaining a new perspective of life. Laila suggests they attend the [[La Tomatina]] festival with her in [[Buñol]], interfering with Arjun's planned activity; Arjun accepts and they head to the festival. Meanwhile, Natasha Arora, Kabir's fiancée, becomes suspicious that Kabir is involved with Laila when she sees her on a video call with Kabir; he tries to explain that Laila has been invited over to the boys' villa for dinner, but Natasha does not believe him. Natasha crashes the bachelor party trip, much to Kabir's discomfort. Imran spends time with Laila's friend Nuria, and Arjun with Laila. After the men leave for Seville, both Arjun and Laila realise they have fallen in love and not to regret the partition, Laila chases them on a bike, kissing Arjun passionately before saying goodbye. Arjun now feels significantly more at peace with himself, and Natasha is relieved of her suspicions about Kabir.

On their way to Seville, Kabir drops Natasha at the airport, while Arjun and Imran discuss Kabir's change in behaviour around Natasha. The trio then visits Seville to go skydiving, Arjun's choice of sport. During the task, Imran is forced to confront his [[acrophobia]] and hesitates to take part, but does so anyway. After skydiving, the three men go to a bar and get drunk. After a prank backfires, they are arrested and held in custody until Imran reveals to his friends that Salman is his father. Imran calls Salman, who bails them out and takes them to his home. During a conversation with Imran, Salman reveals that he never wanted the responsibility of married life or children but Rahila did; as they continue talking, Imran notices that Salman still does not feel sorry for leaving Rahila. Realizing how his actions must have hurt Arjun four years ago, he apologises to him, and Arjun, appreciating the genuineness of his apology, forgives him with a hug.

The three men learn of the [[running of the bulls]] in Pamplona, which is Imran's choice, baffling Kabir and Arjun. Imran contacts Laila, who joins them. When confronted by his friends, Kabir reveals to the others that he proposed to Natasha by accident; he had bought a ring as a birthday present for his mother, and while showing it to Natasha, she had mistaken it for an engagement ring. Arjun realises why the trip was so important to Kabir; nobody apart from his two best friends would tell him to cancel his wedding. On the morning of the bull run, Imran suggests they make another pact for if they survive the event: Imran vows to publish the poetry he has written in his diary, Arjun vows to go to Morocco with Laila and live to the fullest, and Kabir promises to tell Natasha he does not want to marry her yet. The three friends complete the event successfully, gaining a renewed sense of life.

Imran, Kabir, Nuria, and Natasha later attend Arjun and Laila's wedding. Natasha and Kabir are no longer together but are still friends, and Natasha introduces him to her new partner. Imran's poems are revealed to have been published.

== Cast ==
* [[Hrithik Roshan]] as Arjun Saluja<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mathur |first=Yashika |date=9 January 2017 |title=Happy birthday Hrithik Roshan: 6 milestones of his career |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/the-star-that-he-is-iconic-characters-of-hrithik-roshan-s-career/story-lDO44HzuR53XlQgKQTXX1I.html |url-status=live |access-date=8 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421033438/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/the-star-that-he-is-iconic-characters-of-hrithik-roshan-s-career/story-lDO44HzuR53XlQgKQTXX1I.html |archive-date=21 April 2017}}</ref>
* [[Abhay Deol]] as Kabir Dewan<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Shruti |date=27 March 2018 |title=What Abhay Deol Said About ZNMD 2 And 'Personal Fear' On Acting With Dharmendra |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/what-abhay-deol-said-about-znmd-2-and-personal-fear-on-acting-with-dharmendra-1829185 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519053244/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/what-abhay-deol-said-about-znmd-2-and-personal-fear-on-acting-with-dharmendra-1829185 |archive-date=19 May 2018 |access-date=8 June 2018 |website=NDTV}}</ref>
* [[Farhan Akhtar]] as Imraan Qureshi<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 March 2018 |title=Farhan Akhtar's clean-shaven look reminds us of his Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara days! |work=[[The Free Press Journal]] |url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/farhan-akhtars-clean-shaven-look-reminds-us-of-his-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-days/1242625 |url-status=live |access-date=8 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425102626/http://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/farhan-akhtars-clean-shaven-look-reminds-us-of-his-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-days/1242625 |archive-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>
* [[Katrina Kaif]] as Laila<ref name="Bollywood Hungama">{{Cite web |title=Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara Cast & Crew |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/zindagi-na-milegi-dobara/cast/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112060441/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/zindagi-na-milegi-dobara/cast/ |archive-date=12 November 2017 |access-date=8 June 2018 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
* [[Kalki Koechlin]] as Natasha Arora<ref>{{Cite news |last=Assomull |first=Sujata |title=Handbags are Kalki Koechlin's new best friend |work=[[Khaleej Times]] |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/wknd/bollywood/handbags-are-kalki-koechlins-new-best-friend |url-status=live |access-date=8 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180608111854/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/wknd/bollywood/handbags-are-kalki-koechlins-new-best-friend |archive-date=8 June 2018}}</ref>
* [[Ariadna Cabrol]] as Nuria<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 June 2013 |title=Top movies this weekend on Hiru TV |work=[[Daily FT]] |url=http://www.ft.lk/entertainment-sectors/top-movies-this-weekend-on-hiru-tv-2/10405-159857 |url-status=live |access-date=8 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180608111854/http://www.ft.lk/entertainment-sectors/top-movies-this-weekend-on-hiru-tv-2/10405-159857 |archive-date=8 June 2018}}</ref>
* [[Naseeruddin Shah]] as Salman Habib, Imran's biological father (special appearance)
* [[Deepti Naval]] as Raahila Qureshi, Imran's mother<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 October 2017 |title=Zoya Akhtar hasn't made any 'women-centric' films but women certainly have the best roles in her movies |work=The Indian Express |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/opinion-entertainment/zoya-akhtar-women-in-films-4888758/ |url-status=live |access-date=8 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129110303/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/opinion-entertainment/zoya-akhtar-women-in-films-4888758/ |archive-date=29 January 2018}}</ref>
* [[Suhel Seth]] as Mr. Aurora, Natasha's father<ref name="rediffrajasen" />
* Concha Montero as Señorita<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 June 2011 |title=Spanish mayor, locals in Bollywood song |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/spanish-mayor-locals-in-bollywood-song/story-IdkFvNXfFZLE8SEdBj0sGP.html |url-status=live |access-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510130419/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/spanish-mayor-locals-in-bollywood-song/story-IdkFvNXfFZLE8SEdBj0sGP.html |archive-date=10 May 2021}}</ref>

[[Anupam Kher]] filmed scenes as Imran's step-father Faisal Qureshi, but he did not make the theatrical cut.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2023 |title=Spotted in the city: Kriti Sanon, Shahid Kapoor, Ranbir Kapoor and others |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/photo/spotted-in-the-city-kriti-sanon-shahid-kapoor-ranbir-kapoor-and-others-99232/13 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240130135537/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/photo/spotted-in-the-city-kriti-sanon-shahid-kapoor-ranbir-kapoor-and-others-99232/13 |archive-date=30 January 2024 |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=[[Mid-Day]]}}</ref>

== Production ==

=== Development ===

In November 2009, director-writer [[Zoya Akhtar]] and [[Reema Kagti]] completed the scripting of a film after three months of work.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Serena |date=8 August 2011 |title=Katrina wasn't the first choice for Zindagi Na... |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Katrina-wasn-t-the-first-choice-for-Zindagi-Na/Article1-718358.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=28 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810083523/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/Katrina-wasn-t-the-first-choice-for-Zindagi-Na/Article1-718358.aspx |archive-date=10 August 2011}}</ref> The script had the [[working title]] ''Running with the Bulls'', before the title ''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'' was finalised,<ref name="rediffspainzoya" /> the new title being an amendment of the line "Zindagi Milegi Na Dobara" from the [[Rock On!! (soundtrack)|title song]] of ''[[Rock On!!]]'' (2008).<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2014 |title=Song inspired |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20140403/ttlife1.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303034124/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20140403/ttlife1.htm |archive-date=3 March 2023 |access-date=3 March 2023 |website=Tribune India}}</ref> Akhtar and Kagti incorporated real-life observations and wrote the character of Imran for the former's brother [[Farhan Akhtar|Farhan]], who wrote the dialogue for the film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Neelima |date=13 July 2011 |title=Zoya Akhtar on 'Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara' |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/article418533.ece |url-status=dead |access-date=28 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221170127/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/article418533.ece |archive-date=21 February 2014}}</ref> Farhan produced the film with [[Ritesh Sidhwani]] under [[Excel Entertainment]].<ref name="Bollywood Hungama" /> The theme of the film was "three guys on the verge of making commitments in life", according to him.<ref name="BHFI">{{Cite web |last=Subhash K. Jha |author-link=Subhash K. Jha |date=19 February 2011 |title="Don 2 follows SRK's character into a different adventure" – Farhan |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/features/type/view/id/1865 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203054748/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/features/type/view/id/1865 |archive-date=3 February 2014 |access-date=20 February 2012 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> They used Farhan's father [[Javed Akhtar]]'s poetry as a voiceover because they felt the poetry added depth to the characters and lent voice to their feelings.<ref name="zoyahindu" /> A special poem inspired by a fan's poem was written for [[Katrina Kaif]]'s character after she was cast in the project.<ref name="BHP" /> The first choice for the location of [[principal photography]] was Mexico, but was later changed to Spain because the climax features the running of bulls and Zoya wanted a country that blended history, culture, and sports.<ref name="zoyahindu">{{Cite news |last=Sangeetha Devi Dundoo |date=18 July 2011 |title=Love, life and friends |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article2238243.ece?homepage=true |url-status=live |access-date=18 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720133719/http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article2238243.ece?homepage=true |archive-date=20 July 2011}}</ref> The film's release date was postponed twice because its original editor [[Chandan Arora]] fell ill and they had to re-edit it.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 April 2011 |title=Editor Milega Kya Dobara? |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-23/news-interviews/29466049_1_farhan-akhtar-release-farhan-and-ritesh |url-status=dead |access-date=28 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404124653/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-23/news-interviews/29466049_1_farhan-akhtar-release-farhan-and-ritesh |archive-date=4 April 2012}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
Initially, the producers wanted [[Ranbir Kapoor]] and [[Imran Khan (Bollywood actor)|Imran Khan]] to play two of the three leads, but they declined without specifying a reason.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Mauli |date=22 June 2011 |title=Why Ranbir, Imran Said No To Farhan? |work=[[Mid-Day]] |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/why-ranbir-imran-said-no-to-farhan/126032 |url-status=live |access-date=9 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609131305/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/why-ranbir-imran-said-no-to-farhan/126032 |archive-date=9 June 2018}}</ref> Farhan Akhtar had worked with Zoya on her debut film ''[[Luck by Chance]]'' (2009) and also wrote dialogue for the film; Zoya felt he would know exactly what she wanted from the film.<ref name="zoyacastbh" /> He was the first actor to be cast in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Indo-Asian News Service |date=29 October 2009 |title=Zoya Akhtar's next a road movie, brother Farhan to play lead |url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/oct/291009-zoya-akhtar-road-movie-farhan.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223131827/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/oct/291009-zoya-akhtar-road-movie-farhan.htm |archive-date=23 February 2012 |access-date=21 July 2011 |website=[[Mid-Day]]}}</ref> Farhan Akhtar defined his role as a "fun character" and a "guy who for the longest time takes nothing seriously".<ref name="BHFI" /> [[Hrithik Roshan]] was chosen for another lead role because he was one of Zoya's favourite actors.<ref name="zoyacast" /> After finalising the two, she needed someone "who could not just fit in with them visually but also bring something new to the table." She sought [[Abhay Deol]] for the role, as he was her friend and had worked with her before in Kagti's ''[[Honeymoon Travels Pvt. Ltd.]]'' (2007)<ref name="zoyacastbh">{{Cite web |last=Sundaresan |first=Satish |date=18 July 2011 |title="Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara is also the philosophy of the film" – Zoya Akhtar |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-is-also-the-philosophy-of-the-film-zoya-akhtar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604055757/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-is-also-the-philosophy-of-the-film-zoya-akhtar/ |archive-date=4 June 2018 |access-date=4 June 2018 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>

For the role of Laila, Zoya wanted someone with an accent who would be willing to [[scuba diving|scuba dive]],<ref name="zoyacast">{{Cite news |last=Priyanka Srivastava, Sonali Joshi and Lipika Varma |date=14 July 2011 |title=Hrithik Roshan is Zoya's all-time favourite |work=[[India Today]] |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/hrithik-roshan-is-zoya%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%E2%84%A2s-all--time-favourite/1/144781.html |url-status=live |access-date=31 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818114842/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/hrithik-roshan-is-zoya%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%E2%84%A2s-all--time-favourite/1/144781.html |archive-date=18 August 2016}}</ref> and was a half-Indian and half-Caucasian woman. A lot of women were auditioned for the part in New York and London. Later, at a party, Zoya met Katrina Kaif and chose her for the role.<ref name="rediffspainzoya" /> Her role was described as "a free- spirited girl, a wanderer at heart and a bohemian gypsy by nature".<ref name="BHP">{{Cite news |last=Subhash K. Jha |date=17 June 2010 |title=Javed Akhtar to pen down special poem for Katrina's character in Zoya's film |work=Bollywood Hungama |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1231316/Javed-Akhtar-to-pen-down-special-poem-for-Katrinas-character-in-Zoyas-film |url-status=dead |access-date=20 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109123143/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1231316/Javed-Akhtar-to-pen-down-special-poem-for-Katrinas-character-in-Zoyas-film |archive-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> Zoya had wanted to work with [[Kalki Koechlin]] ever since seeing her in ''[[Dev.D]]'' (2009) and ''[[That Girl in Yellow Boots]]'' (2011); she felt Koechlin would suit the character of Natasha because she had "the sense of comedy, but not over-the-top".<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 July 2011 |title=Zoya is all praises for Katrina and Kalki |work=NDTV |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?section=Movies&Id=ENTEN20110179547&keyword=bollywood&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&nid=117658 |url-status=dead |access-date=21 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711123413/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?section=Movies&Id=ENTEN20110179547&keyword=bollywood&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&nid=117658 |archive-date=11 July 2011}}</ref> Spanish actress [[Ariadna Cabrol]] was chosen for the role of Nuria because Zoya liked her work in the 2009 Spanish film ''[[Eloïse's Lover]]''.<ref name="zoyacastbh" />

=== Filming ===
Principal photography began in June 2010 and took place in the United Kingdom, Egypt, Mumbai, and in Spain at Barcelona, [[Pamplona]], [[Buñol]] and [[Andalusia]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Priyanka Jain |date=28 November 2010 |title=Working with Hrithik and Katrina made me nervous |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Working-with-Hrithik-and-Katrina-made-me-nervous/Article1-631573.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=28 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208055300/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/Working-with-Hrithik-and-Katrina-made-me-nervous/Article1-631573.aspx |archive-date=8 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hiren Kotwani |date=27 May 2011 |title=Bent on that buick |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Bent-on-that-buick/Article1-702546.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=28 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022095425/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Bent-on-that-buick/Article1-702546.aspx |archive-date=22 October 2012}}</ref> Cinematographer Carlos Catalan, who had worked with Zoya on ''Luck by Chance'', wanted all three lead actors to appear tanned because he "didn't want everything glossed over" and wanted to make the film as realistic as possible.<ref name="zoyahindu" />

Kaif's introduction scene was shot on a nudist beach; during the filming, the crew asked beach-goers stay out of the frame to avoid objections from the [[Central Board of Film Certification]].<ref name="rediffspainzoya">{{Cite web |date=7 July 2011 |title=Spain was gorgeous with lots of naked people |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-zoya-akhtar-on-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara/20110707.htm?print=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026081045/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-zoya-akhtar-on-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara/20110707.htm?print=true |archive-date=26 October 2012 |access-date=13 July 2011 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> The [[La Tomatina]] festival of Buñol was re-created for the song "[[Ik Junoon (Paint It Red)|Ik Junoon]]"; almost sixteen tons of tomatoes worth {{INRConvert|10|m}} were flown in from Portugal for the scene.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Neelima Menon |date=13 July 2011 |title=Nothing by chance |work=The New Indian Express |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/article418606.ece |url-status=dead |access-date=30 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221145343/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/article418606.ece |archive-date=21 February 2014}}</ref> A scene involving a kiss between Roshan and Kaif was filmed despite the couple's reluctance to do so.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bollywood Hungama News Network |date=23 June 2011 |title=Zoya's dilemma over Hrithik and Katrina's kiss in Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara |work=Bollywood Hungama |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/2356 |url-status=dead |access-date=20 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203051252/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/2356 |archive-date=3 February 2014}}</ref> The filming of the [[flamenco]] song "[[Señorita (Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara song)|Señorita]]" took place in [[Alájar]], a town in the [[province of Huelva]]. The crew warned local residents about the song's volume because the scene was filmed at night. On the third day of filming, locals dressed in costumes attended and the mayor of Alájar joined them.<ref name="rediffspainzoya" /> The climax of the film, which features the [[running of the bulls]], was filmed at Pamplona.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bollywood Hungama News Network |date=21 July 2010 |title=Check Out: Hrithik, Farhan, Abhay running with the bulls |work=Bollywood Hungama |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/1227 |url-status=dead |access-date=30 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203051257/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/1227 |archive-date=3 February 2014}}</ref> The final schedules were at [[Vashi]] and [[Alibag]] in Mumbai in December 2010.<ref name="znmdfinalschedule">{{Cite news |last=Geety Sahgal |date=17 December 2010 |title=Hrithik shoots for Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara |work=The Indian Express |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Hrithik-shoots-for-Zindagi-Na-Milegi-Dobara/725202/ |access-date=28 November 2011}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==

{{Main|Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (soundtrack)}}

Composer trio [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], who had worked with Farhan Akhtar in ''[[Rock On!!]]'' (2008) and ''[[Karthik Calling Karthik]]'' (2010), composed the soundtrack for the film. The lyrics were written by Javed Akhtar. The composers engaged [[María del Mar Fernández]], a Spanish [[Cante flamenco|flamenco singer]], to perform the vocals on "Señorita"; her film-singing debut.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sukanya Verma |date=10 June 2011 |title=Review: Zindagi Na Milegi... music is delightful |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/music-review-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara/20110610.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704043912/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/music-review-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara/20110610.htm |archive-date=4 July 2011 |access-date=9 July 2011 |website=[[Rediff]]}}</ref> The song is also the singing debut of Roshan and Deol, who sang it along with Farhan Akhtar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Indo-Asian News Service |date=6 October 2011 |title=Abhay Deol sings again! |work=[[Sify]] |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/abhay-deol-sings-again-news-bollywood-lkgjwwdfbag.html?ref=false |url-status=dead |access-date=30 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011225828/http://www.sify.com/movies/abhay-deol-sings-again-news-bollywood-lkgjwwdfbag.html?ref=false |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref>

== Marketing ==
[[File:Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara Press Conference.jpg|thumb|A ''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'' press conference at Chandigarh.]]

The trailer of the film was revealed with the prints of ''[[Ready (2011 film)|Ready]]'' which released on 3 June 2011,<ref>{{Cite news |last=[[Taran Adarsh]] |date=17 May 2011 |title=Piping hot news from tinsel town |work=Bollywood Hungama |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1341470/Piping-hot-news-from-tinsel-town |url-status=dead |access-date=20 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201031737/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1341470/Piping-hot-news-from-tinsel-town |archive-date=1 February 2016}}</ref> and was released online on 15 May 2011. [[Excel Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.|Excel Entertainment]] partnered with [[Aircel]] to make promotional videos for the film available on mobile phones and the Internet.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2011 |title=Watch Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara trailer |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-trailer/20110516.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709204647/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-trailer/20110516.htm |archive-date=9 July 2011 |access-date=4 July 2011 |website=[[Rediff]]}}</ref> The trailer was watched over 55 million times within 48 hours of its release.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nimisha Tiwari |date=19 May 2011 |title=ZNMD trailer gets 55000 hits in 48 hours |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-19/news-interviews/29556526_1_trailer-mn-hits-social-media |url-status=dead |access-date=4 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915015241/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-19/news-interviews/29556526_1_trailer-mn-hits-social-media |archive-date=15 September 2012}}</ref> Two more videos—one each for the songs "Ik Junoon" and "Senorita"—were released on 27 May. The music launch and promotion event took place at Nirmal Lifestyle, Mulund, Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Viral Bhayani |date=12 June 2011 |title=Hrithik Roshan during the music launch of his upcoming flick 'Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara' at Nirmal Lifestyle, Mulund, Mumbai. |url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/events/mumbai/music-launch-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara/articleshow/8822706.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616184320/http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/events/mumbai/music-launch-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara/articleshow/8822706.cms |archive-date=16 June 2011 |access-date=4 July 2011 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> A press conference promoting the film was held on 1 July at [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=DNA India |date=3 July 2011 |title=Katrina, Farhan, Abhay charm Chandigarh with 'Zindagi Milegi Na Dobara' |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/CHD-pics-katrina-farhan-and-abhay-charm-chandigarh-2234577.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707110045/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/CHD-pics-katrina-farhan-and-abhay-charm-chandigarh-2234577.html?HF-4= |archive-date=7 July 2011}}</ref> Two dialogue promos of the film were released on 3 July. On 7 July the cast and crew embarked on a road trip from Mumbai to Delhi via Surat, Vadodra, Ahmedabad, Udaipur, Ajmer and Jaipur that culminated in a concert at Gurgaon. It is believed that British Auto manufacturer [[Land Rover]]—which is now owned by [[Tata Motors]]—sponsored the [[Land Rover Discovery]] driven by the cast members during the trip.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prashant Singh |date=4 July 2011 |title=Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara cast ready to hit the road |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Zindagi-Na-Milegi-Dobara-cast-ready-to-hit-the-road/Article1-717061.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=4 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022095443/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Zindagi-Na-Milegi-Dobara-cast-ready-to-hit-the-road/Article1-717061.aspx |archive-date=22 October 2012}}</ref> A premier at the [[12th IIFA Awards]] before the worldwide release was planned but was not executed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bollywood Hungama |date=11 March 2011 |title=Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara to premiere at IIFA? |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-to-premiere-at-iifa-news-bollywood-ldlpSzajaej.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320201421/http://www.sify.com/movies/zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-to-premiere-at-iifa-news-bollywood-ldlpSzajaej.html |archive-date=20 March 2014 |access-date=20 February 2012 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

The film's marketers released branded promotional items with [[Mountain Dew]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mountains Dew Pakistan |date=1 July 2011 |title=Mountain Dew Zindagi na Milegi Dobara TVC |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nMU5YBi-UEM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219144647/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nMU5YBi-UE |archive-date=19 December 2020 |access-date=4 July 2011 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Gillette]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gillette India |date=23 June 2011 |title=ZNMD in association with Gillette – Zindigi Na Milegi Dobaara |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8po0jUu9AM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625035339/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8po0jUu9AM |archive-date=25 June 2014 |access-date=4 July 2011 |via=YouTube}}</ref> and [[ING Vysya Bank]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Countryroadish |date=1 July 2011 |title=Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (ZNMD) and ING Life Co – branded Promo |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amUcKPIV7Ys |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625035303/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amUcKPIV7Ys |archive-date=25 June 2014 |access-date=4 July 2011 |via=YouTube}}</ref> A mobile video game based on ''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'' and the La Tomatina festival was released by Jump Games on 19 July 2011 for popular [[mobile operating system]]s.<ref name="znmdgame">{{Cite news |last=Indu Nandakumar |date=16 August 2011 |title=Indian gaming industry to touch Rs 14bn in 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-16/hardware/29892166_1_gaming-industry-gaming-market-jump-games |url-status=dead |access-date=20 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505054632/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-16/hardware/29892166_1_gaming-industry-gaming-market-jump-games |archive-date=5 May 2013}}</ref> OPIUM Eyewear launched exclusive ''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'' sunglasses<ref name="znmdsunglasses">{{Cite news |title=ZNMD sunglasses |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/fashion-and-trends/znmd-sunglasses/story-ovvKxOdbDKQoFZq8ttZ1nN.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001235209/http://www.hindustantimes.com/fashion-and-trends/znmd-sunglasses/story-ovvKxOdbDKQoFZq8ttZ1nN.html |archive-date=1 October 2016}}</ref> to promote the film.

== Release ==

The release of ''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'' was initially scheduled for 27 May 2011,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Joginder Tuteja |date=11 January 2011 |title=Hrithik v/s Salman face-off is inevitable |work=Bollywood Hungama |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/news/type/view/id/13960/newsid/1265489 |url-status=dead |access-date=20 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201031737/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/news/type/view/id/13960/newsid/1265489 |archive-date=1 February 2016}}</ref> but was postponed to 24 June 2011<ref>{{Cite news |last=Taran Adarsh |date=12 April 2011 |title='Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara' to shift ahead? |work=Bollywood Hungama |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1336480/Zindagi-Na-Milegi-Dobara-to-shift-ahead |url-status=dead |access-date=20 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224203254/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1336480/Zindagi-Na-Milegi-Dobara-to-shift-ahead |archive-date=24 December 2013}}</ref> and again to 15 July 2011. It was released in 1,800 screens worldwide.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhat |first=Varada |date=16 July 2011 |title=Potter scripts lead over Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara |work=[[Business Standard]] |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/potter-scripts-lead-over-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-111071600038_1.html |url-status=live |access-date=8 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180608111854/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/potter-scripts-lead-over-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-111071600038_1.html |archive-date=8 June 2018}}</ref> A special screening of the film was held at the residence of [[Shah Rukh Khan]] on 16 July, on the occasion of Kaif's birthday. The event was attended by several celebrities, including the film's cast and crew.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shah Rukh Khan arranges screening of ZNMD at his house |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/gallery/shah-rukh-khan-arranges-screening-of-znmd-at-his-house/1/5124.html#photo1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228121656/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/gallery/shah-rukh-khan-arranges-screening-of-znmd-at-his-house/1/5124.html |archive-date=28 December 2011 |access-date=27 November 2011 |website=India Today}}</ref> The far-right political party [[Shiv Sena]] criticised the event because it was held three days after the [[2011 Mumbai bombings]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=IE Agencies |date=17 July 2011 |title=Sena slams SRK for throwing party days after blasts |work=The Indian Express |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Sena-slams-SRK-for-throwing-party-days-after-blasts/818707/ |access-date=20 July 2011}}</ref> The producers of the film donated the collections of the film from around 10 theatres in Mumbai to the Maharashtra government as a mark of charity to the victims of the bombings.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bollywood Hungama News Network |date=21 November 2011 |title=Makers of ZNMD hand over a cheque to CM for Mumbai blast victims |work=Bollywood Hungama |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1392293/Makers-of-ZNMD-hand-over-a-cheque-to-CM-for-Mumbai-blast-victims |url-status=dead |access-date=20 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201031737/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1392293/Makers-of-ZNMD-hand-over-a-cheque-to-CM-for-Mumbai-blast-victims |archive-date=1 February 2016}}</ref> On 24 March 2012, ''ZNMD'' was screened at [[Bucks New University]] in [[High Wycombe]], England.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Steven Baker |date=22 March 2012 |title=Katrina Kaif interview: 'I have a strong connection with the UK' |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/bollywood/interviews/a372678/katrina-kaif-interview-i-have-a-strong-connection-with-the-uk.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325161854/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/bollywood/interviews/a372678/katrina-kaif-interview-i-have-a-strong-connection-with-the-uk.html |archive-date=25 March 2012 |access-date=1 April 2012 |website=Digital Spy}}</ref>

The film was released on DVD on 30 August 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (2011) (Hindi Movie / Bollywood Film / Indian Cinema DVD) – English Subtitles |url=https://www.amazon.com/Zindagi-Milegi-Dobara-Bollywood-Indian/dp/B005DJDF2I/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1325311799&sr=1-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219144647/https://www.amazon.com/Zindagi-Milegi-Dobara-Bollywood-Indian/dp/B005DJDF2I/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1325311799&sr=1-1 |archive-date=19 December 2020 |access-date=31 December 2011 |website=Amazon.com}}</ref> It is available in [[Dolby Digital]] 5.1 and stereo formats with English and Arabic subtitles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joginder Tuteja |date=9 November 2011 |title=Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/dvd/id/535587 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109022257/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/dvd/id/535587 |archive-date=9 January 2012 |access-date=28 November 2011 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> The film is also available on [[Blu-ray]] disc. Later on, the film was made available in both [[Netflix]] and [[Amazon Prime Video]].

=== Critical reception ===
{{Anchor|Critics|Critical response|Critical reception}}
{{rquote|right|Zoya Akhtar has a unique, compelling voice and unlike many of her contemporaries, she actually respects that a cinema audience can be both intelligent and mature.|[[Rajeev Masand]], ''[[CNN-IBN]]''<ref name="masandverdict" />}}
''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'' garnered widespread acclaim from critics who praised its direction, story, screenplay, music, humor, cinematography and performances of the ensemble cast. {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=93|count=14|average=7.9|consensus=|ref=yes |access-date=16 July 2022}}

[[Pratim D. Gupta]] of ''[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]'' called ''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'' "a beautifully scripted journey of catharsis" and praised director Zoya Akhtar for being "fearless in the way she shoots".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pratim D. Gupta |date=16 July 2011 |title=BE ALIVE TO EACH MOMENT |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110716/jsp/entertainment/story_14244177.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721011132/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110716/jsp/entertainment/story_14244177.jsp |archive-date=21 July 2011 |access-date=19 July 2011 |website=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> In his review for ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', Mayank Shekhar gave the film four stars praised the film as "a game-changer for Hindi films since ''[[Dil Chahta Hai]]'' (2001), and wrote, "What you take home are memorable, amusing moments of three truly adventurous amigos we've all grown up with. And will continue to."<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Mayank Shekhar]] |date=15 July 2011 |title=Mayank Shekhar's review: Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Reviews/Mayank-Shekhar-s-review-Zindagi-Na-Milegi-Dobara/Article1-721577.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719095357/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Mayank-Shekhar-s-review-Zindagi-Na-Milegi-Dobara/Article1-721577.aspx |archive-date=19 July 2011 |access-date=15 July 2011 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Shivesh Kumar of ''[[IndiaWeekly]]'' awarded the film 4 stars.<ref name="iw">{{Cite web |last=Shivesh Kumar |title=IndiaWeekly's Movie Ratings |url=http://www.indiaweekly.com/MovieRatings |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830082836/http://www.indiaweekly.com/MovieRatings/ |archive-date=30 August 2011 |access-date=13 September 2011 |website=[[IndiaWeekly]]}}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave the film 3.5/5, calling it a film for "a more evolved, mature and cinema-literate audience that's geared up to embrace and support newer genres of cinema".<ref name="bhungamareview">{{Cite web |date=15 July 2011 |title=ZNMD gets mixed reaction from critics |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/ZNMD-gets-mixed-reaction-from-critics/Article1-721461.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818041653/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ZNMD-gets-mixed-reaction-from-critics/Article1-721461.aspx |archive-date=18 August 2011 |access-date=30 December 2011 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> [[Nikhat Kazmi]] of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 3.5/5 stars and lauded its lead performances; "If Abhay is the anchor of the group, Farhan's funster role is full of beans and Hrithik's metamorphosis from uptight, money-minded stock broker to carefree vagabond is a class act".<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Nikhat Kazmi]] |date=14 July 2011 |title=Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara movie review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Zindagi-Na-Milegi-Dobara/movie-review/9224624.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204023906/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Zindagi-Na-Milegi-Dobara/movie-review/9224624.cms |archive-date=4 December 2011 |access-date=15 July 2011 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

S. Chatterjee of ''[[NDTV]]'', gave the film 3/5 stars and said its philosophy is quite old; he praised Zoya Akhtar's direction, stating, "Zoya Akhtar, by investing the tale with a delightful lightness of touch and dollops of gentle wit, brings a degree of freshness to bear upon the plot".<ref name="ndtvreview">{{Cite web |last=Saibal Chatterjee |date=15 July 2011 |title=Review: Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_review.aspx?id=637&albumname=Zindagi%20Na%20Milegi%20Dobara |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816063758/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_review.aspx?id=637&albumname=Zindagi%20Na%20Milegi%20Dobara |archive-date=16 August 2011 |access-date=15 July 2011 |website=NDTV}}</ref> Shaikh Ayaz of ''[[Rediff]]'' rated the film 3.5/5 stars and wrote that Zoya Akhtar had put together a familiar plot but the film's fresh energy is entertaining. He wrote, "Akhtar's invigorating characters pump in fresh energy into a film that could have been strictly mediocre".<ref name="rediffreview">{{Cite web |last=Shaikh Ayaz |date=15 July 2011 |title=Review: Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara is fresh |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-is-fresh/20110715.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716232056/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-is-fresh/20110715.htm |archive-date=16 July 2011 |access-date=15 July 2011 |website=[[Rediff]]}}</ref> Kaveree Bamzai of ''[[India Today]]'' also praised for Akhtar's direction and said, "By the time I finished watching Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara I was convinced that no one can make a romance as beautifully as a woman", giving the film 4 stars.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaveree Bamzai |date=15 July 2011 |title='Zindagi Milegi Na Dobara' review |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/story/zindagi-milegi-na-dobara-movie-review/1/144897.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715205300/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/story/zindagi-milegi-na-dobara-movie-review/1/144897.html |archive-date=15 July 2011 |access-date=15 July 2011 |website=India Today}}</ref>

Subhash K Jha rated ''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'' 3.5/5 and wrote; "Zoya, God bless her aesthetics, sucks us into the beauty of the moment, not giving us any reason to believe that life's most precious truths are swathed in squalor".<ref name="subhashkjhareview">{{Cite web |last=Subhash K. Jha |date=16 July 2011 |title=Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara Review |url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7770/bollywood.hindi/zindagi-na-milegi-dobara/3207/review.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914150139/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7770/bollywood.hindi/zindagi-na-milegi-dobara/3207/review.htm |archive-date=14 September 2011 |access-date=30 December 2011 |website=Nowrunning.com}}</ref> Blessy Chettiar of ''[[Daily News and Analysis|DNA India]]'' praised the music and Farhan Akhtar's acting as highlights of the film, saying, "For all this, the storywriters use heavy doses of symbolism. Deep-sea diving at Costa Brava, sky-diving in Sevilla and the San Fermin bull run in Pamplona, not to forget the Tomatina festival in Bunyol, where Arjun finally lets go. Fears are drowned, let open in the sky and finally at the mercy of raging bulls", giving it 3 stars.<ref name="dnareview">{{Cite web |last=Blessy Chettiar |date=15 July 2011 |title=Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara review |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-review_1565930 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717132052/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-review_1565930 |archive-date=17 July 2011 |access-date=15 July 2011 |website=[[DNA India]]}}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] of ''[[CNN-IBN]]'' stated, "''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'' takes the light-hearted tone of a fun, all-boys road trip through Spain to give you a deep and heartfelt message on why we should live life by seizing the moment and following our hearts". He also praised the performances, highlighting them as one of the main positives of the film, but also said the film's length "sucks some fun of out of the ride" and gave a rating of 3.5 stars.<ref name="masandverdict">{{Cite web |last=[[Rajeev Masand]] |date=15 July 2011 |title=Singin' in (the) Spain! |url=http://www.rajeevmasand.com/reviews/our-films/singin-in-the-spain/comment-page-1/#comment-3942 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720125834/http://www.rajeevmasand.com/reviews/our-films/singin-in-the-spain/comment-page-1/ |archive-date=20 July 2011 |access-date=15 July 2011 |website=Rajeev Masand}}</ref> [[Raja Sen]] of ''Rediff'' said the film "tried too hard to be cool" and gave it 1.5/5 stars.<ref name="rediffrajasen">{{Cite web |last=Raja Sen |date=15 July 2011 |title=Raja Sen reviews Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-raja/20110715.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718112304/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-raja/20110715.htm |archive-date=18 July 2011 |access-date=15 July 2011 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Sudhish Kamath of ''[[The Hindu]]'' said "Zoya Akhtar's second outing as a director is way more filmi than her first about the film industry. This one only pretends to be real. It's not."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamath |first=Sudhish |date=16 July 2011 |title=Live life like a Bollywood film |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/live-life-like-a-bollywood-film/article2233167.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221183118/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/live-life-like-a-bollywood-film/article2233167.ece |archive-date=21 December 2017 |access-date=29 July 2020 |website=The Hindu}}</ref>

Ryan Gilbey of ''[[The Guardian]]'' was broadly positive about the film; he wrote, "It's still playing to full houses, and you can see why. Slick it may be. But tourist board employees representing the various Spanish cities flattered in the movie are not the only ones who will come out grinning", and that he found the film "stubbornly un-macho" for a buddy film.<ref name="guardianreview">{{Cite web |last=Ryan Gilbey |date=2 August 2011 |title=Ryan Gilbey's Bollywood contract: Hindi heroes pack a soft and hard punch |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2011/aug/02/ryan-gilbey-bollywood-contract |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930184910/http://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2011/aug/02/ryan-gilbey-bollywood-contract |archive-date=30 September 2013 |access-date=2 August 2011 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> ''[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]'' reviewer Kaleem Aftab, in his 4-star review wrote; "Throwing together road trip, romcom and buddy-buddy action in a single picture may sound like an ill-conceived masala mash-up, but like any good dish, the ingredients are blended together with affection to create one of the best feel-good movies of the year".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaleem Aftab |date=11 August 2011 |title=Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara |url=http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/film/zindagi-na-milegi-dobara |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816065751/http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/film/zindagi-na-milegi-dobara |archive-date=16 August 2011 |access-date=12 August 2011}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
In India, ''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'' came in second on release behind ''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2]]''. It opened well in the multiplexes; the occupancy ranged from 70 to 100 per cent,<ref>{{Cite news |last=BOI Trade Network |date=15 July 2011 |title=Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara Has Good Opening |work=[[Box Office India]] |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3176&nCat=box_office_news |url-status=dead |access-date=28 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718085113/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3176&nCat=box_office_news |archive-date=18 July 2011}}</ref> despite receiving an average opening in single-screen cinemas except in the [[Metro cities of India|metro cities]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=BOI Trade Network |date=15 July 2011 |title=Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara Has Good Opening |work=[[Box Office India]] |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3178&nCat=box_office_news |url-status=dead |access-date=28 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718085125/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3178&nCat=box_office_news |archive-date=18 July 2011}}</ref> The film grossed {{INRConvert|525|m}} in its opening three-day weekend,<ref name="erosintl" /> including {{INRConvert|73.9|m}} on its first day,<ref name="boigross">{{Cite news |last=BOI Trade Network |date=16 July 2011 |title=Zingadi Na Milegi Dobara First Day Business |work=[[Box Office India]] |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3185&nCat=box_office_news |url-status=dead |access-date=16 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720095039/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3185&nCat=box_office_news |archive-date=20 July 2011}}</ref> and a net total of {{INRConvert|265|m}} on the third day.<ref>{{Cite news |last=BOI Trade Network |date=18 July 2011 |title=Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara Has Good Weekend |work=[[Box Office India]] |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3195&nCat=box_office_news |url-status=dead |access-date=28 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329010454/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3195&nCat=box_office_news |archive-date=29 March 2012}}</ref> After ten days of worldwide showings it grossed {{INRConvert|1.08|b}}.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajesh Bhatia |date=26 July 2011 |title=Eros International's Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara grosses Rs. 108 crores in 10 days |publisher=[[Eros International]] |url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/livefeed_pdf/Jul2011/Eros_International_Media_Ltd_260711.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=26 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025184031/http://www.moneycontrol.com/livefeed_pdf/Jul2011/Eros_International_Media_Ltd_260711.pdf |archive-date=25 October 2012}}</ref> In 17 days, it grossed over {{INRConvert|700|m}} in India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Taran Adarsh |date=1 August 2011 |title=Midweek: 'Singham' crosses Rs 65 cr in 10 days, 'ZNMD' crosses 70 cr in 17 days |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/trade/top5/id/782/date/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118081219/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/trade/top5/id/782/date/ |archive-date=18 January 2013 |access-date=30 December 2011}}</ref> With no significant competition other than ''[[Singham]]'', ''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'' remained in second place at the box office for four weeks after its release. It was one of the highest-grossing Bollywood films of 2011 in India and internationally; it was declared a blockbuster in India and in overseas territories.<ref name="boverdict">{{Cite news |date=10 August 2011 |title=Singham and ZNMD continue to rule the BO |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-10/box-office/29871593_1_singham-new-releases-films |url-status=dead |access-date=10 August 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103210931/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-10/box-office/29871593_1_singham-new-releases-films |archive-date=3 January 2013}}</ref>

Outside India, ''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'' grossed {{INRConvert|120|m}} in three days, which made it the biggest opening for an Indian film in 2011.<ref name="erosintl">{{Cite news |last=Eros International |date=18 July 2011 |title=Biggest Hindi film grosser overseas for 2011 |work=[[Eros International]] |url=http://www.erosintl.com/Eros-In-News/ZNMD-opening-weekend.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=27 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202005445/http://www.erosintl.com/Eros-In-News/ZNMD-opening-weekend.aspx |archive-date=2 December 2011}}</ref> The film reached top-twenty lists in the US and UK.<ref name="znmdgross">{{Cite news |last=Anusha Subramanian |date=18 August 2011 |title=Eros International on a robust growth path |work=[[Business Today (business magazine)|Business Today]] |url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/eros-international-ra-one/1/18027.html |url-status=live |access-date=18 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925060928/http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/eros-international-ra-one/1/18027.html |archive-date=25 September 2011}}</ref> It grossed [[Pound sterling|£]]896,289 in UK, [[USD|US$]]3,103,656 in the US, [[Australian Dollar|AU$]]387,384 in Australia and [[New Zealand Dollar|NZ$]]136,380 in New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Taran Adarsh |date=14 September 2011 |title='M.B.K.D.' fares well |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/trade/boxofficeoverseas/id/385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028095603/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/trade/boxofficeoverseas/id/385 |archive-date=28 October 2012 |access-date=30 December 2011 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/trade/boxofficeoverseas/id/380 |website=Bollywood Hungama |title='Aarakshan' below expectations |access-date=30 December 2011 |date=17 August 2011 |author=Taran Adarsh |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908064127/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/trade/boxofficeoverseas/id/380 |archive-date=8 September 2012 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/trade/boxofficeoverseas/id/379 |title='Z.N.M.D.' continues to dominate |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=30 December 2011 |date=10 August 2011 |author=Taran Adarsh |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118072918/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/trade/boxofficeoverseas/id/379 |archive-date=18 January 2013 }}</ref> As of January 2012, the film has grossed [[USD|$]]7.25 million overseas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BOI Trade Network |date=21 January 2012 |title=Top Overseas Grossers ALL TIME: Three Idiots Number One |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3946&nCat= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215000432/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3946&nCat= |archive-date=15 February 2012 |access-date=6 February 2012 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>

The film grossed {{INRConvert|1.53|b}} worldwide, surpassing the [[List of highest-grossing Bollywood films|worldwide gross]] of Roshan's ''[[Dhoom 2]]'' (2006) and becoming the ninth-highest worldwide grossing Bollywood film of all time as of October 2011.<ref name="boiworldwidegross" /> As of October 2021, the film is ranked at No. 89 for worldwide grossing of Indian films.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BOI TOP WORLDWIDE GROSSERS ALL TIME |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3946&nCat= |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215000432/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/arounddetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=3946&nCat= |archive-date=15 February 2012 |access-date=27 October 2021}}</ref>

=== Controversies ===
After the release of ''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'', animal rights organisation [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]] (PETA) objected to the bull-running scene and sought support from fans via their Twitter page to ban the film. PETA spokesperson Poorva Joshipura spoke about the event and said, "We will now be contacting the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and Central Board of Film Certification to take action". The film's producer Ritesh Sidhwani said, "We had submitted all the papers to the Animal Welfare Board India that stated that none of the animals were injured or hurt in any way and only then, the censor board cleared the movie. We are only showing the culture of Spain."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Namya Sinha |date=21 July 2011 |title=PETA objects bull run scene in ZNMD |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/PETA-objects-bull-run-scene-in-ZNMD/Article1-723758.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=28 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627033324/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/peta-objects-bull-run-scene-in-znmd/article1-723758.aspx |archive-date=27 June 2014}}</ref> Spanish-American artist [[Charo]] sent a letter to Zoya Akhtar on behalf of PETA asking her to remove all of the scenes related to the running of the bulls.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bollywood Hungama News Network |date=1 September 2010 |title=Spanish-American singer Charo requests Zoya to edit out bull-running sequence |work=Bollywood Hungama |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1240322/Spanish-American-singer-Charo-requests-Zoya-to-edit-out-bull-running-sequence |url-status=dead |access-date=20 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201031737/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1240322/Spanish-American-singer-Charo-requests-Zoya-to-edit-out-bull-running-sequence |archive-date=1 February 2016}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{{Main|List of accolades received by Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara}}
''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'' won two awards at the [[59th National Film Awards]] in the [[National Film Award for Best Audiography|Best Audiography]] and [[National Film Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]] categories.<ref>{{Cite web |title=59th National Film Awards for the Year 2011 Announced |url=http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=80734 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031200819/http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=80734 |archive-date=31 October 2014 |access-date=7 March 2012 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2012 |title=Vidya Balan wins National Award for 'The Dirty Picture' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Vidya-Balan-wins-National-Award-for-The-Dirty-Picture/articleshow/12173411.cms?referral=PM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215021951/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Vidya-Balan-wins-National-Award-for-The-Dirty-Picture/articleshow/12173411.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=15 February 2016 |access-date=27 March 2012 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> It won several other awards—mainly for Best Film and Best Director—at the [[Filmfare Awards]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 January 2012 |title=Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara sweeps Filmfare Awards |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Zindagi-Na-Milegi-Dobara-sweeps-Filmfare-Awards/articleshow/11676105.cms |url-status=live |access-date=30 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130091201/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Zindagi-Na-Milegi-Dobara-sweeps-Filmfare-Awards/articleshow/11676105.cms |archive-date=30 January 2012}}</ref> [[Stardust Awards]],<ref name="Stardust">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJR0DUOCsoE |title=Max Stardust Awards – Max Stardust Awards 2012 – Full Length – Exclusive |date=25 February 2012 |publisher=[[Multi Screen Media]] |access-date=24 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215143030/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJR0DUOCsoE |archive-date=15 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Zee Cine Awards]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2012 |title=Winners of Zee Cine Awards 2012 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/3007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716063307/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/3007 |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=15 May 2012 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> [[IIFA Awards]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2012 |title=IIFA Awards 2012: 'Zindagi Na..', 'Rockstar' steal the show |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/iifa-2012/iifa-awards-2012-zindagi-na-rockstar-steal-the-show_113112.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123172228/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/iifa-2012/iifa-awards-2012-zindagi-na-rockstar-steal-the-show_113112.htm |archive-date=23 January 2015 |access-date=23 January 2015 |website=[[Zee News]]}}</ref> [[Screen Awards]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2012 |title=Winners of 18th Annual Colors Screen Awards 2012 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/2987/Winners+of+18th+Annual+Colors+Screen+Awards+2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426180845/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/2987/Winners%20of%2018th%20Annual%20Colors%20Screen%20Awards%202012 |archive-date=26 April 2016 |access-date=24 January 2015 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> and the [[Asian Film Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=6th AFA Nominees and Winners |url=http://www.asianfilmawards.asia/2012/6th-nominees-and-winners/6th-afa-nominees-winners-by-nom/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222052244/http://www.asianfilmawards.asia/2012/6th-nominees-and-winners/6th-afa-nominees-winners-by-nom/ |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=20 March 2012 |publisher=[[Hong Kong International Film Festival]] Society}}</ref>

== Potential sequel ==
Following the film's release, Zoya Akhtar said she had an idea of making a sequel to ''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara''; she said, "You never know, I might or may not make a sequel. It all depends on the right content."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vyavahare |first=Renuka |date=21 July 2011 |title=Hrithik high on ZNMD sequel |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-21/news-interviews/29798948_1_hangover-sequel-znmd-hrithik |url-status=dead |access-date=27 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004230648/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-21/news-interviews/29798948_1_hangover-sequel-znmd-hrithik |archive-date=4 October 2013}}</ref> It has been reported that the actors are expected to reprise their roles in the sequel if it is officially launched.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Priyanka Shrivastava |date=18 July 2011 |title=Zoya Akhtar is planning a sequel of ZNMD |work=[[India Today]] |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/zoya-akhtar-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-hrithik-roshan-katrina-kaif-dil-chahta-hai-harry-potter-and-the-deathly-hallows-part-2-farhan-akhtar/1/145267.html |url-status=live |access-date=2 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424043027/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/zoya-akhtar-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-hrithik-roshan-katrina-kaif-dil-chahta-hai-harry-potter-and-the-deathly-hallows-part-2-farhan-akhtar/1/145267.html |archive-date=24 April 2012}}</ref> In an interview with ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', Roshan said the plot of the sequel could be set five or six years after the events depicted in ''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara'' and that the characters would be older and would have a reason to go on another trip.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhattacharya, Roshmila |author-link=Roshmila Bhattacharya |date=15 August 2011 |title=Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara sequel on the cards? |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Zindagi-Na-Milegi-Dobara-sequel-on-the-cards/Article1-733502.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=2 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407095027/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Zindagi-Na-Milegi-Dobara-sequel-on-the-cards/Article1-733502.aspx |archive-date=7 April 2014}}</ref> In August 2011, Zoya Akhtar said there were no plans for a sequel, despite requests from many viewers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 August 2011 |title=ZNMD sequel not on the cards: Zoya Akhtar |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/znmd-sequel-not-on-the-cards-zoya-akhtar/ |access-date=11 December 2021 |archive-date=11 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211055707/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/znmd-sequel-not-on-the-cards-zoya-akhtar/ |url-status=live }}</ref> After the IIFA ceremony, Farhan Akhtar said there was no necessity for a sequel.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 June 2012 |title=Farhan Akhtar: ZNMD sequel not necessary |work=[[Gulf News]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/farhan-akhtar-znmd-sequel-not-necessary-1.1034836 |url-status=live |access-date=11 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211055351/https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/farhan-akhtar-znmd-sequel-not-necessary-1.1034836 |archive-date=11 December 2021}}</ref> Later in 2013, in an interview with ''Hindustan Times'', Zoya expressed interest in writing for the sequel after completing the filming of her next project, ''[[Dil Dhadakne Do]]'' (2015), which was released in June 2015,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Adivarekar |first=Priya |date=28 February 2014 |title=Zoya's next titled Dil Dhadakne Do |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/zoyas-next-titled-dil-dhadakne-do/ |url-status=live |access-date=24 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803101743/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/zoyas-next-titled-dil-dhadakne-do/ |archive-date=3 August 2014}}</ref> although in February 2019 she said, "Honestly, people want a second movie of ''ZNMD'', but I think the best franchise would either be ''Luck By Chance'' or ''Dil Dhadakne Do''."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vasudevan |first=Aishwarya |date=18 February 2019 |title=Exclusive! Not Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara, Zoya Akhtar wants to make a franchise out of THIS film |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-exclusive-not-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-zoya-akhtar-wants-to-make-a-franchise-out-of-this-film-2721353 |url-status=live |access-date=19 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219080306/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-exclusive-not-zindagi-na-milegi-dobara-zoya-akhtar-wants-to-make-a-franchise-out-of-this-film-2721353 |archive-date=19 February 2019}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=1562872}}
* {{Mojo title|zindagi}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|zindagi-na-milegi-dobara}}

{{Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara}}
{{Navboxes
|title = Links related to ''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara''
|list1 =
{{Zoya Akhtar}}
{{IIFA Award for Best Movie}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestFilm 2011–2030}}
{{FilmfareCriticsAwardBestMovie}}
{{ScreenAwardBestFilm}}
{{Farhan Akhtar}}
{{Ritesh Sidhwani}}
}}

[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:2011 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2010s buddy comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2010s coming-of-age comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2010s Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2010s road comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films about travel]]
[[Category:Films about vacationing]]
[[Category:Films directed by Zoya Akhtar]]
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Choreography National Film Award-winning choreography]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films set in Spain]]
[[Category:Films shot in Egypt]]
[[Category:Films shot in England]]
[[Category:Films that won the Best Audiography National Film Award]]
[[Category:Indian buddy comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian coming-of-age comedy-drama films]]
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[[Category:Spanish comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films adapted for other media]]
[[Category:2010s Spanish films]]

Taare Zameen Par

2024-03-10T13:44:10Z

Tjmj: /* External links */ Clear Category:Bollywood Hungama movie template using numeric ID

{{short description|2007 Indian film directed by Aamir Khan}}
{{About|the 2007 film|2020 television show|Taare Zameen Par (TV series)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = {{Lang|hi-latn|Taare Zameen Par}}
| image = Taare Zameen Par Like Stars on Earth poster.png
| alt = A smiling, young Indian boy sits at a desk with his head resting on his folded arms in front of him. Behind him and to his right, a young Indian man is doing the same and is looking at the boy. Above them is the film's title "{{Lang|hi-latn|Taare Zameen Par}}" with the subtitle of "Every Child is Special". Drawings of a bird, plane, octopus, and fish are in the background.
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Aamir Khan]]
| producer = Aamir Khan
| writer = [[Amole Gupte]]
| starring = [[Darsheel Safary]] [[Aamir Khan]] [[Tisca Chopra]] [[Vipin Sharma]] [[Tanay Chheda]]
| music = [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
| cinematography = Satyajit Pande (Setu)
| editing = [[Deepa Bhatia]]
| studio = Aamir Khan Productions [[PVR Pictures]]
| distributor = [[PVR Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|2007|12|21|df=yes}}
| runtime = 164 minutes<ref name="Runtime">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/taare-zameen-par-every-child-special-2007-0 |title=TAARE ZAMEEN PAR (PG) – British Board of Film Classification |date=17 December 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029205240/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/taare-zameen-par-every-child-special-2007-0 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=23 October 2012}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|12 crore}}<ref name="numbers" />
| gross = {{INR|98.48 crore}}<ref name="bo">{{Cite web|title=Taare zameen par Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/taare-zameen-par/box-office/|access-date=28 December 2023|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=15 February 2008}}</ref>
}}

'''{{Lang|hi-latn|Taare Zameen Par}}''' ({{literal translation|Stars on Earth}}), also known as '''''Like Stars on Earth''''' in English, is a 2007 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[drama film|musical drama film]] produced and directed by [[Aamir Khan]]. It stars Khan himself, with [[Darsheel Safary]], [[Tanay Chheda]], [[Vipin Sharma]] and [[Tisca Chopra]]. It explores the life and imagination of Ishaan (Safary), an artistically gifted 8-year-old boy whose poor academic performance leads his parents to send him to a [[boarding school]], where a new art teacher Nikumbh (Khan) suspects that he is [[dyslexic]] and helps him to overcome his reading disorder.

Creative director and writer [[Amole Gupte]] developed the idea with his wife [[Deepa Bhatia]], who was the film's editor. [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]] composed the score, and [[Prasoon Joshi]] wrote the lyrics for many of the songs. Principal photography took place in [[Mumbai]], and in [[Panchgani]]'s [[New Era High School]], where some of the school's students participated in the filming.

{{Lang|hi-latn|Taare Zameen Par}} made its theatrical debut in India on 21 December 2007. It was commercially successful, earning {{INR|98.48 crore}} gross worldwide.<ref name="bo" /> It received widespread critical acclaim, with praise for its story, screenplay, direction, dialogues, soundtrack, and performances. It also helped raise awareness about dyslexia.

A recipient of [[List of accolades received by Taare Zameen Par|several accolades]], {{Lang|hi-latn|Taare Zameen Par}} was [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|India's official entry]] at the [[81st Academy Awards]] for [[Academy Award for Best International Feature Film|Best Foreign Film]], but did not proceed further. At the [[55th National Film Awards]], it won 3 awards: [[National Film Award for Best Film on Family Welfare|Best Film on Family Welfare]], [[National Film Award for Best Lyrics|Best Lyrics]] ([[Prasoon Joshi]] for "Maa") and [[National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] ([[Shankar Mahadevan]] for "Maa"). At the [[53rd Filmfare Awards]], it received 11 nominations, including [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (Safary), [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] (Aamir Khan) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] (Chopra), and won a leading 5 awards, including [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (Aamir Khan) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] (Joshi for "Maa").

== Plot ==
Ishaan Awasthi is an 8-year-old boy living in [[Mumbai]], who has trouble following school, though he is assumed by all to hate learning and assumed to be a troublemaker, and is belittled for it. He has repeated the [[3rd grade|3rd standard]] from the previous year due to his failures. His imagination, creativity, and talent for art and painting are often disregarded. His father, Nandkishore, is a successful executive who expects his sons to excel, and his mother, Maya, is a homemaker who is frustrated by her inability to educate Ishaan. Ishaan's elder brother, Yohan is an exemplary student in whose shadow Ishaan remains. One day, Ishaan and his parents are called by Ishaan's principal to discuss his behavior and grades. Fed up of hearing about Ishaan's failures and lack of improvement, Nandkishore sends him to a [[boarding school]]. Alone there, he rapidly sinks into a state of fear, anxiety, and [[depression (mood)|depression]], which is only worsened by the teachers there and their strict and abusive regime. His only friend is Rajan Damodaran, a physically disabled boy who is one of the top students and resides with his family there, as his father is part of the school's board. Ishaan contemplates suicide one day, but is stopped when he hears Rajan fall down and Ishaan gets off the ledge to help him up. Rajan also informs him that Mr. Holkar, the school's authoritarian art teacher, has left the school and is being replaced by someone else.

Ram Shankar Nikumbh, a cheerful and optimistic instructor at the Tulips School for young children with [[Developmental disability|developmental disabilities]], joins the boarding school's faculty the same day, replacing Holkar, the school's former art teacher. Ram's teaching style is markedly different from that of Holkar's, and he quickly notes Ishaan's unhappiness after he fails to draw anything during the class. He reviews Ishaan's work and concludes that his academic shortcomings are indicative of [[dyslexia]]. Ram then visits the Awasthis' home in [[Mumbai]], where he is surprised to discover Ishaan's hidden interest in art. Flustered, he demonstrates to Maya and Yohan how Ishaan has extreme difficulty in understanding letters and words due to dyslexia, and his poverty in sports skills stems from his poor motor ability (which also applies to his difficulty in tying shoelaces). Nandkishore labels it as an intellectual disability (as well as excuse) and dismisses it as laziness much to Ram's frustration.

Back at school, Ram brings up the topic of dyslexia in a class by offering a [[List of people with dyslexia|list of famous dyslexic people]]. He comforts Ishaan, telling him how he struggled as a child as well. Ram obtains the principal's permission to become Ishaan's tutor. With gradual care, he works to improve Ishaan's reading and writing by using [[Dyslexia#Management|remedial techniques]] developed by dyslexia specialists. Eventually, both Ishaan's demeanor and his grades improve. One day Nandkishore visits the school and tells Ram that he and Maya have read up on dyslexia and understand the condition. Ram mentions that what Ishaan needs more than understanding is that someone loves him. Outside Nandkishore sees Ishaan attempting to read from a board. With teary eyes, he is unable to face his son and walks away.

At the end of the school year, Ram organises an arts and crafts contest for the staff and students, judged by artist [[Lalita Lajmi]]. Ishaan's work makes him the winner and Ram, who paints Ishaan's portrait, is declared the runner-up. The principal announces that Ram has been hired as the school's permanent art teacher. When Ishaan's parents meet his teachers on the last day of school, they are left speechless by the transformation in him. Overcome with emotion, Nandkishore thanks Ram. Before leaving, Ishaan runs toward Ram, who lifts him high up in a hug.

== Cast ==
[[File:DarsheelSafary.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|alt=A smiling, young Indian boy wearing a red T-shirt, blue and white jacket, and red hat.|165px|right|[[Darsheel Safary]]'s initial screen test lacked dialogue. [[Aamir Khan]] said that when he saw Safary's expressive face, he instantly knew: "That's the child. He is Ishaan."<ref>Like Stars on Earth Bonus Disc: The Making.... Event occurs at approximately 3:50</ref>]]
[[File:The Ms. Tisca Chopra, lead Actor of “Tare Jamin Par” addressing at the Press Conference, during the 39th International Film Festival (IFFI-2008) in Panaji, Goa. The Director (M&C), PIB, Ms. Prabhavati Akashi is also seen.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Tisca Chopra]], lead actress, addressing a press conference at the 39th International Film Festival (IFFI-2008) in [[Panaji]], [[Goa]]]]
* [[Darsheel Safary]] as Ishaan Nandkishore Awasthi (Inu): Maya & Nandkishore's son<ref name=leap />
** Veer Mohan as Little Ishaan
* [[Aamir Khan]] as Ram Shankar Nikumbh: An art teacher at New Era High School and Inu's tutor, tuition teacher<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/01/28/3515/index.html |title=In 2002, Taare Zameen Par was still called and registered as High Jump |date=28 January 2008 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521010001/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/01/28/3515/index.html |archive-date=21 May 2008 |access-date=27 July 2010}}</ref>
* [[Tisca Chopra]] as Maya Awasthi: Ishaan and Yohaan's mother<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 16:00</ref>
* [[Vipin Sharma]] as Nandkishore Awasthi, Ishaan and Yohaan's father<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 40:00</ref>
* [[Tanay Chheda]] as Rajan Damodran, Inu's best friend and classmate at boarding school
* Sachet Engineer as Yohaan Nandkishore Awasthi: Inu's brother
** Aniket Engineer as Junior Yohaan
* Ramit Gupta as Ranjeet
* [[Girija Oak]] as Jabeen Khan: Nikumbh's co-worker
* Bugs Bhargava and Shankar Sachdev as Sen Sir and Tiwari Sir, Two teachers at New Era High School<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 56:45</ref>
* [[M. K. Raina]] as Principal - Boarding school: The head of New Era High School
* Pratima Kulkarni as Principal - St. Anthony's School
* [[Meghna Malik]] as Victoria Teacher: Class and math teacher of Ishaan's former school, St. Anthony's School
* [[Sonali Sachdev]] as Irene Teacher: An English teacher at Ishaan's former school, St. Anthony's School
* [[Lalita Lajmi]] as herself (cameo appearance)<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 2:27:00</ref>

== Production ==
=== Development ===
The husband and wife team of [[Amole Gupte]] and Deepa Bhatia developed the story that eventually became {{Lang|hi-latn|Taare Zameen Par}} as a way of understanding why some children could not conform to a conventional educational system. Their work began as a short story that evolved into a screenplay over seven years. Bhatia said in an interview with ''[[The Hindu]]'' that her original inspiration was the childhood of Japanese filmmaker [[Akira Kurosawa]], who did poorly in school. She cited a specific place in Kurosawa's biography where he began to excel after meeting an attentive art teacher, and said that it "became the inspiration for how a teacher could transform the life of a student".<ref name="leap">{{Cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2008020350030200.htm&date=2008/02/03/&prd=mag& |title=A leap of faith |last=Vij |first=Gauri |date=3 February 2008 |website=The Hindu |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407235243/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2008020350030200.htm&date=2008%2F02%2F03%2F&prd=mag& |archive-date=7 April 2008 |access-date=11 April 2008}}</ref>

While developing the character of a young boy based on Kurosawa, Bhatia and Gupte explored some possible reasons why he failed in school. Their research led them to the Maharashtra Dyslexia Association and Parents for a Better Curriculum for the Child (PACE). Dyslexia eventually became the central topic and theme of the film. The pair worked with dyslexic children to research and develop the screenplay, basing characters and situations on their observations. Bhatia and Gupte carefully concealed the children's identities in the final version of the script.<ref name=leap />

{{quote box|width=30%|align=right|quote="While Amole has written what I think is a brilliant and moving script, his contribution towards the film is not limited to that of a writer. The entire pre-production was done by him including the most important task of creating the music ... he has been present on set throughout the shooting as the Creative Director, and has been a big support and strong guiding force in my debut as a director. I thank him for that, and more so for having the faith in me by entrusting to me something that is so close to him."|source=— Aamir Khan<ref name=official />}}

Khan and Gupte first met in college. Khan has said that he admired Gupte's abilities as an actor, writer, and painter. Three years before the film's release, Gupte brought Khan to the project as a producer and actor. Gupte himself was to direct,<ref name="official">{{Cite web |url=http://www.taarezameenpar.com/ |title=Director's Note: Official website for ''Taare Zameen Par'' |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410164112/http://taarezameenpar.com/ |archive-date=10 April 2008 |access-date=11 April 2008}}</ref> but the first week's [[dailies]] were a great disappointment to Khan, who "lost faith in Amole and his capability of translating on screen what he had so beautifully written on paper".<ref name="directed">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2007/05/21/2665/index.html |title="Yes, I have directed Taare Zameen Par" – Aamir Khan |last=Singh |first=Harneet |date=21 May 2007 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728040211/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2007/05/21/2665/index.html |archive-date=28 July 2010 |access-date=11 April 2008}}</ref> Khan was on the verge of withdrawing his participation in the film because of these "creative differences",<ref name=directed /><ref>''Like Stars on Earth Bonus Disc: The Making...''. Event occurs at approximately 5:00</ref> but Gupte kept him on board by stepping down as director. Contrary to Khan's claim, Gupte lashed out saying that after the wrap-up party, Khan announced that he was the director of the film, despite Gupte acting as director.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/amol-gupte-lashes-out-at-amir-khan/story-u0WHsrzySB1HKzWCQ0wygK.html |title=Amol Gupte lashes out at Amir Khan |date=10 April 2008 |website=hindustantimes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404122601/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/amol-gupte-lashes-out-at-amir-khan/story-u0WHsrzySB1HKzWCQ0wygK.html |archive-date=4 April 2016}}</ref> Had it been necessary to hire a third party, production would have been postponed for 6–8 months as the new director prepared for the film. Keen to keep Safary as Ishaan—the actor might have aged too much for the part had production been delayed—Khan took over the role of director.<ref name=directed /> ''Taare Zameen Par'' was Khan's first experience in the dual role of actor and director. He has admitted that the transition was challenging, stating that while he had always wanted to direct a film, it was unknown territory for him.<ref name="bends">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1141271 |title=Aamir bends the rules |date=24 December 2007 |publisher=DNA |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6AM43dbY1?url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_aamir-bends-the-rules_1141271 |archive-date=1 September 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=21 April 2008}}</ref> Gupte remained on set, "guiding [Khan] and, at times, even correcting [him]".<ref name=directed />

=== Title and translation ===
Initially, the film was to retain the short story's title of "High Jump", which referenced Ishaan's inability to achieve the [[high jump]] in gym class. This subplot, which was filmed but later cut, would have tied into the original ending for the movie. In this planned ending, a "ghost image" separates from Ishaan after the art competition and runs to the sports field; the film would end on a freeze frame of Ishaan's "ghost image" successfully making the leap. Aamir Khan disliked this proposed ending and convinced Gupte to rewrite it.

With the working title no longer relevant,<ref name="deleted">{{cite video |people=Khan, Aamir |date=12 January 2010 |title=Like Stars on Earth Bonus Disc: Deleted Scenes |medium=DVD |publisher=Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment}}</ref> Khan, Gupte, and Bhatia discussed several alternatives,<ref name=proud /> eventually deciding on ''Taare Zameen Par.'' Possible translations of this title include ''Stars on the Ground''<ref name=ground /> and ''Like Stars on Earth''.<ref name=reutersosc /> According to Khan:

{{blockquote|
''Taare Zameen Par'' is a film about children and it is a film which celebrates the abilities of children. ''Taare Zameen Par'' is a title which denotes that aspect. It is a title with a very positive feel to it. All the kids are special and wonderful. They are like stars on earth. This particular aspect gave birth to the title.<ref name="proud">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2007/12/18/3372/index.html |title=TZP makes me a proud actor, producer and a director |last=Patel |first=Devansh |date=18 December 2007 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205055324/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2007/12/18/3372/index.html |archive-date=5 December 2008 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 May 2009}}</ref>}}

=== Filming ===
Principal photography took place in India over five months.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 20:00</ref> Khan spent his first two days as director [[Blocking (stage)|blocking]] the first scene to be filmed: Ishaan returning home from school and putting away his recently collected fish.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 10:15</ref> Believing the audience should not be aware of the camera, he chose a simple shooting style that involved relatively little [[Cinematography#Camera movement|camera movement]].<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 15:15</ref>

The opening scene of Ishaan collecting fish outside his school was shot on location and at [[Film City, Mumbai|Film City]]. The shots of Ishaan took place at the former, while those involving the gutter [[Vivarium|terrarium]] were filmed at a water tank at the latter. The tank's water often became murky, forcing production to constantly empty and refill it, and causing the scene to take eight hours to film.<ref name="2:45">''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 2:45</ref> The film's next sequence involved Ishaan playing with two dogs. To compensate for the "absolutely petrified" Safary, most joint shots used a body double, though other portions integrated close-up shots of the actor.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 8:30</ref> Ishaan's nightmare—he becomes separated from his mother at a train station and she departs on a train while he is trapped in a crowd—was filmed in Mumbai on a permanent railway-station set. To work around the train set piece's immobility, production placed the camera on a moving trolley to create the illusion of a departing train. For the sequences related from the mother's point of view—shot from behind the actress—Chopra stood on a trolley next to a recreated section of the train's door.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 48:00</ref>

All the school sequences were filmed on location. The production team searched for a Mumbai school with an "oppressive" feel to establish the "heaviness of being in a metropolitan school",<ref>''Like Stars on Earth Bonus Disc: The Making...''. Event occurs at approximately 10:00</ref> and eventually chose [[:Category:Jesuit schools in India|St. Xavier's School]].<ref name="dvd">{{cite video |date=12 January 2010 |title=Like Stars on Earth |medium=DVD |publisher=Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment}}</ref> As the school is situated along a main road filming took place on weekends, to minimise the background noise, but an early scene in which Ishaan is sent out of the classroom was filmed on the day of the [[Mumbai Marathon]]. The production staff placed acrylic sheets invisible to the naked eye on the classroom windows to mask the sounds of nearby crowds and helicopters.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 23:00</ref> [[New Era High School]] served as Ishaan's boarding school. The change of setting was a "breath of fresh air" for the production crew, who moved from Ishaan's small house in Mysore Colony, [[Chembur]] to the "vast, beautiful environs" of [[Panchgani]].<ref>''Like Stars on Earth Bonus Disc: The Making...''. Event occurs at approximately 11:00</ref>

Production relied on [[stock footage]] for the brief scene of a bird feeding its babies. Khan carefully selected a clip to his liking, but learned three weeks before the film's release that the footage was not available in the proper format. With three days to replace it or else risk delaying the release, Khan made do with what he could find. He says that he "cringes" every time he sees it.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 1:00:15</ref>

=== Children ===
Real schoolchildren participated throughout the movie's filming. Khan credited them with the film's success, and was reportedly very popular with them.<ref name=bends /> Furthermore, Khan placed a high priority on the day-to-day needs of his child actors, and went to great lengths to attend to them.<ref name=proud /> The production staff made sure that the students were never idle, and always kept them occupied outside of filming.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth Bonus Disc: The Making...''. Event occurs at approximately 16:00</ref> New Era Faculty Coordinator Douglas Lee thought the experience not only helped the children to learn patience and co-operation, but also gave them a better understanding of how they should behave towards children like Ishaan who have problems in school.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth Bonus Disc: The Making...''. Event occurs at approximately 35:00</ref> Because filming at New Era High School occurred during the winter holiday, those portraying Ishaan's classmates gave up their vacation to participate.<ref name="bumbum">''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 1:11:30</ref> To fill in the campus background, students from nearby schools were also brought in.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth Bonus Disc: The Making...''. Event occurs at approximately 18:00</ref> A total of 1,500 children were used for wide-shots of the film's art-fair climax; medium shots only required 400 students.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 2:14:00</ref>

New to acting, the children often made errors such as staring into the camera, and Khan resorted to unorthodox methods to work around their rookie mistakes. For example, an early scene in the film featured a school assembly; Khan wanted the students to act naturally and to ignore the principal's speech, but recognised that this would be a difficult feat with cameras present. First Assistant Director Sunil Pandey spoke continuously in an attempt to "bore the hell out of [them]", and they eventually lost interest in the filming and behaved normally.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 21:00</ref> A later scene involved Nikumbh enlightening his class about famous people with dyslexia, and the children's responses to his speech were the last portion to be filmed. Having already spent 3–4 days hearing the dialogue the children's reactions were "jaded". Khan opted to film them while he recited a tale, and manipulated his storytelling to achieve the varying spontaneous reactions.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 1:49:00</ref> The following scene had the children playing around a nearby pond. Horrified when he learned that the water was {{convert|15|ft}} deep, Khan recruited four lifeguards in case a child fell in.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 1:56:00</ref>

Khan found it important that the audience connect the film to real children, and had Pandey travel throughout India filming documentary-style footage of children from all walks of life. Those visuals were integrated into the end credits.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 2:35:00</ref>

=== Art and animation ===
While [[Clay animation|claymation]] has been used in Indian television commercials,<ref name="cp">{{Cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080403/jsp/careergraph/story_9086718.jsp |title=Clay play |date=3 April 2008 |work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |access-date=30 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118183929/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080403/jsp/careergraph/story_9086718.jsp |archive-date=18 January 2012 |url-status=dead |location=Calcutta, India}}</ref> the film's title sequence—a representation of Ishaan's imagination<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 6:30</ref>—marked its first instance in a Bollywood film.<ref name="title">{{Cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/taare-zameen-par-brings-clay-animation-to-bollywood/56787-8.html |title=Taare Zameen Par brings clay animation to Bollywood |last=Pillai |first=Varsha |date=18 January 2008 |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111164620/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/taare-zameen-par-brings-clay-animation-to-bollywood/56787-8.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |url-status=dead |access-date=30 July 2010}}</ref> Khan gave claymation artist Dhimant Vyas free rein over the various elements.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth Bonus Disc: The Making...''. Event occurs at approximately 53:45</ref> The storyboarding took one and a half months and the shooting required 15 days.<ref name=cp /> The "3 into 9" sequence, in which Ishaan delves into his imagination to solve a math problem, was originally conceived as a 3D animation. Halfway through its creation, however, Khan felt it was not turning out as he had envisioned it. Khan scrapped the project and hired Vaibhav Kumaresh, who hand-drew the scene as a 2D animation.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth Bonus Disc: The Making...''. Event occurs at approximately 51:30</ref>

Artist [[Samir Mondal]] composed Ishaan and Nikumbh's art-fair watercolor paintings. He held a workshop with the schoolchildren, and incorporated elements from their artwork into Ishaan's.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth Bonus Disc: The Making...''. Event occurs at approximately 41:00</ref> Mondal also instructed Khan on a painter's typical mannerisms and movements.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth Bonus Disc: The Making...''. Event occurs at approximately 43:00</ref> Gupte created the rest of Ishaan's artwork and Assistant Art Director Veer Nanavati drew Ishaan's flipbook.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 1:38:00</ref> The art department's designs for Ishaan's school notebooks disappointed Khan, who had familiarized himself with dyslexic writing. Using his left hand, Khan instead wrote it himself.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 1:26:15</ref>

=== Musical sequences ===
The musical sequence of "Jame Raho" establishes the characters of the four members of Ishaan's family; for example, the father is hardworking and responsible, and Yohaan is an "ideal son" who does all the right things. A robotic style of music overlaps most of the sequence—this is mirrored by the machine-like morning routines of the mother, father, and Yohaan—but changes for Ishaan's portion to imply that he is different from the rest. This concept is furthered by [[Slow motion#In action films|speed ramping]] and having the camera sway with the music to create a distinct style.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 17:30</ref> The twilight scenes of "Maa" were a particular issue for the production crew. Because the specific lighting only lasted ten to fifteen minutes a day, the scenes took nearly ten evenings to film. Production at one time considered having a child singing, but ultimately deemed it too over the top and felt it would connect to more people if sung by an adult. Shankar initially performed the song as a sample—they planned to replace him with another singer—but production eventually decided that his rendition was best.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 51:00</ref>
[[File:Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy Raymond Weil.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|The trio of [[Shankar Mahadevan]] (right), [[Ehsaan Noorani]] (middle), and [[Loy Mendonsa]] (left) composed most of the film's music.]]
Ishaan's truancy scene—he leaves school one day after realizing that his mother has not signed his failed math test—originally coincided with the song "Kholo Kholo," but Khan did not believe it worked well for the situation. In his opinion, the accompanying song should focus on what a child wants—to be free—and be told from the first-person perspective instead of "Kholo Kholo{{"'}}s second person. When Khan took over as director, he opted to use "Mera Jahan"—a song written by Gupte—and moved "Kholo Kholo" to the art fair. Viewers of test screenings were divided over the truancy scene. Half thoroughly enjoyed it but the rest complained that it was too long, did not make sense, and merely showed "touristy" visuals of Mumbai. Khan nevertheless kept the scene, because he "connected deeply" with it and felt that it established Ishaan's world.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 28:45</ref>

[[Shiamak Davar]] choreographed the dance sequence of "Bum Bum Bole," and was given free rein over its design. He had intended to use 40 students from his dance school, but Khan did not want trained dancers.<ref name="bumbum" /> Davar gave the children certain cues and a general idea of what to do, but left the style and final product up to them to avoid a choreographed appearance.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth Bonus Disc: The Making...''. Event occurs at approximately 45:00</ref> Time constraints meant that while Khan was busy filming "Bum Bum Bole," [[Ram Madhvani]] took over as director for "Bheja Kum".<ref name="bumbum" /><ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 1:03:15</ref> The latter sequence, containing a "fun-filled" song of rhythmic dialogue,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail/12567/Aamir-Khan-Turns-Singer-Taare-Zameen-Par.html |title=Aamir Khan Turns Singer for Taare Zameen Par |publisher=Yahoo! India Movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080116090611/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail/12567/Aamir-Khan-Turns-Singer-Taare-Zameen-Par.html |archive-date=16 January 2008 |access-date=27 July 2010}}</ref> allowed the audience to perceive how Ishaan sees the world and written languages. It was intended to represent "a young boy's worst nightmare, in terms of ... the worst thing that he can think of"; Madhvani based the visual concept on his son's fear of "creepy-crawlies" such as cockroaches, dragonflies, and lizards.<ref name="49:00">''Like Stars on Earth Bonus Disc: The Making...''. Event occurs at approximately 49:00</ref> [[Tata Elxsi]]'s [[Tata Elxsi#Visual Computing Labs (VCL)|Visual Computing Labs]] made the creatures out of the English alphabet and numbers, although Khan insisted they include the Hindi alphabet as not all the audience would be familiar with English.<ref name="49:00" /><ref name="tata">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2007/12/26/3394/index.html |title=Tata Elxsi renders visual effects for the Bollywood movie Taare Zameen Par |date=26 December 2007 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110115133933/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2007/12/26/3394/index.html |archive-date=15 January 2011 |url-status=dead |access-date=10 April 2008}}</ref> The chalkboard writing's transformation into a snake was included to surprise the audience and "end the song on a high note."<ref name="49:00" />

In writing the song "Taare Zameen Par," lyricist [[Prasoon Joshi]] followed the theme of "however much you talk about children, it's not enough." Every line throughout the song describes children, and only one repeats: "Kho Naa Jaaye Yeh / Taare Zameen Par" ("Let us not lose these / Little stars on earth").<ref>''Like Stars on Earth Bonus Disc: The Making...''. Event occurs at approximately 46:15</ref> The song is mostly set to the annual day performance by the developmentally disabled children of Tulips School. Actual students from Tulips School and Saraswati Mandir participated, and were filmed over a period of five days.<ref>{{cite video |people=Various |date=12 January 2010 |title=Like Stars on Earth Bonus Disc: Panel Discussion on Children |medium=DVD |publisher=Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment}}</ref> The sequence originally featured numerous dance performances, but was trimmed down when test audiences found it too long.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 1:31:45</ref> A song accompanying the scene in which Ishaan's mother is watching home videos of her son was also cut, and replaced with background music after test audiences expressed their opposition to yet another song.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 1:47:00</ref>

=== Background music ===
{| class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; width:27em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"
| style="text-align: left;" | "It is easier when you have to create a song like "Move Your Body" in ''[[Johnny Gaddaar]]''. There you can add a lot of nonsense in the recording studio. On the other hand, something like ''Taare Zameen Par'' requires melody to hold center stage. There is a different level of energy that you have to bring in composing for such different soundtrack as we had to be subdued yet effective in ''Taare Zameen Par''."
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | – Shankar Mahadevan<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2007/11/14/3257/index.html |title=Aamir wanted Shankar to sing for TZP |date=14 November 2007 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726231007/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2007/11/14/3257/index.html |archive-date=26 July 2010 |access-date=27 July 2010}}</ref>
|}
Timing and other aspects are usually planned when scoring a film, but Khan chose to take a more improvised approach. Instead of using a studio, he and the trio [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]] recorded it at Khan's home in Panchgani, to clear their heads and not be in the mindset of the city. As they watched the film, Khan pointed out when he wanted music to begin and of what type. Ehsaan Noorani noted that this strategy allowed the score to have a "spontaneity to it."<ref>''Like Stars on Earth Bonus Disc: The Making...''. Event occurs at approximately 55:00</ref>

Different styles of background music were used to convey certain things. For example, a guitar is played when Ishaan is tense or upset, sometimes with discordant notes.<ref name="2:45" /> The music of the opening scene—the recurring "Ishaan's Theme," which represents the character's peace of mind—overpowers the background noise to show that Ishaan is lost in his own world; the noise becomes louder after he snaps back to reality.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 4:30</ref> But the scene in which Nikumbh explains dyslexia to Ishaan's family took the opposite approach. Silent at first, the music is slowly introduced as the father begins to understand his son's dilemma. The almost seven-minute long scene scarcely used any background music, to slow the pace and make it seem more realistic.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 1:38:30</ref>

=== Promotional material ===
When filming part of the montage that details Ishaan's tutoring by Nikumbh, Khan immediately decided it would be the "key art of the film". He noted that "this one shot tells you the entire story", and used it for the poster.<ref>''Like Stars on Earth DVD commentary''. Event occurs at approximately 2:06:00</ref>

== Release ==

=== Box office ===
''Taare Zameen Par'' was released worldwide on 14 December 2007, although countries such as Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, and Fiji opened it on 20 December.<ref name="mojo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=taarezameenpar.htm |title=Taare Zameen Par |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728040931/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=taarezameenpar.htm |archive-date=28 July 2010 |access-date=27 July 2010}}</ref><ref name="yahoo1" /> It debuted in India with 425 prints,<ref name="yahoo1">{{Cite web |url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail.html?news_id=15498 |title=Taare Zameen Par to be released in multiplexes |publisher=Yahoo! India Movies |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5rZ0LwHjL?url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail.html?news_id=15498 |archive-date=28 July 2010 |access-date=27 July 2010}}</ref><ref name="sparkle">{{Cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Industry/Media__Entertainment_/Entertainment/Taare_Zameen_Par_adds_to_Christmas_sparkle_at_box-office/rssarticleshow/2650998.cms |title=Taare Zameen Par adds to Christmas sparkle at BO |last=Meenakshi |first=Verma |date=26 December 2007 |work=Economic Times |access-date=10 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505073526/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Industry/Media__Entertainment_/Entertainment/Taare_Zameen_Par_adds_to_Christmas_sparkle_at_box-office/rssarticleshow/2650998.cms |archive-date=5 May 2008}}</ref> although revenue-sharing issues between the film's distributors and theatre owners caused some slight delays.<ref name="yahoo1" /> The movie grossed {{INRConvert|150|m|nolink=no|year=2007|mode=historical}} domestically within the first three days.<ref name=sparkle /> Its theatre occupancy in Mumbai dropped to 58 percent during its third week, but climbed back to 62 percent the following week—this brought the total to {{INRConvert|770|m|nolink=no|year=2007|mode=historical}}—after the [[Maharashtra]] government granted the film exemption from the [[entertainment tax]]. Anticipating further tax exemption in other states, world distributor [[PVR Pictures]] circulated 200 more prints of the film.<ref name="tax">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_taare-zameen-par-smashes-box-office-nets-rs-770-mn_1145341 |title='Taare Zameen Par' smashes box office, nets Rs. 770 mn |date=15 January 2008 |publisher=DNA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121011727/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_taare-zameen-par-smashes-box-office-nets-rs-770-mn_1145341 |archive-date=21 January 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=18 March 2008}}</ref> The film completed its domestic run with $19,779,215.<ref name="mojo" /> To reach more audiences, the film was later dubbed in the regional languages of [[Tamil language|Tamil]] (Vaal Nakshatram) and [[Telugu language|Telugu]]. Both were scheduled for release on 12 September 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail/31253/Taare-Zameen-Par-in-Tamil.html |title=Taare Zameen Par in Tamil |publisher=Yahoo! India Movies |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5rZ0U1OHf?url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail/31253/Taare-Zameen-Par-in-Tamil.html |archive-date=28 July 2010 |url-status=live |access-date=27 July 2010}}</ref> It grossed $1,223,869 in the US by its seventh week, and £351,303 in the UK by its ninth week.<ref name="overseas">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/overseasboxoffice/13306/index.html |title='Taare Zameen Par' Overseas |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117170713/http://bollywoodhungama.com/movies/overseasboxoffice/13306/index.html |archive-date=17 January 2008 |access-date=5 May 2009}}</ref> Reports regarding the film's worldwide gross have conflicted, with sources citing {{INRConvert|889.7|m|nolink=no|year=2007|mode=historical}},<ref name="BOI">{{Cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=312&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU= |title=Top Lifetime Grossers Worldwide (IND Rs) |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021202725/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=312&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU%3D |archive-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> {{INRConvert|984.8|m|nolink=no|year=2007|mode=historical}}<ref name="bo" />
{{INRConvert|1.07|b|nolink=no|year=2007|mode=historical}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=taarezameenpar.htm |title=Taare Zameen Par |publisher=[[Box office Mojo]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014162052/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=taarezameenpar.htm |archive-date=14 October 2011 |access-date=14 October 2011}}</ref> {{INRConvert|1.31|b|nolink=no|year=2007|mode=historical}},<ref name="numbers">{{Cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100307/jsp/calcutta/story_12184110.jsp |title=Screen syndrome |last=Lahiri |first=Samhita Chakraborty |date=7 March 2010 |work=Kolkata Telegraph |access-date=7 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729045047/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100307/jsp/calcutta/story_12184110.jsp |archive-date=29 July 2010 |location=Calcutta, India}}</ref> and {{INRConvert|1.35|b|nolink=no|year=2007|mode=historical}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/aamir-does-it-again-tzp-is-indias-official/363930/ |title=Aamir does it again, TZP is India's official entry at Oscar awards |date=21 September 2008 |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |access-date=14 October 2011 |archive-date=3 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703164927/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/aamir-does-it-again-tzp-is-indias-official-entry-at-oscar-awards/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Protests in Gujarat ===
In response to Khan's support for the [[Narmada Bachao Andolan]] and his criticism of Chief Minister [[Narendra Modi]],<ref name="narmada" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail/15356/Anti-Modi-remarks-haunts-Aamir-Khan-release-of-Taare-Zameen-Par-in-Gujarat.html |title=Anti-Modi remarks haunts Aamir Khan before release of 'Taare Zameen Par' in Gujarat |publisher=Yahoo! India Movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728041200/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail/15356/Anti-Modi-remarks-haunts-Aamir-Khan-release-of-Taare-Zameen-Par-in-Gujarat.html |archive-date=28 July 2010 |access-date=27 July 2010}}</ref> approximately 50 activists of the [[Sardar Patel]] Group conducted protests outside of PVR and [[INOX Leisure Limited|INOX]] theatres in [[Vadodara]], [[Gujarat]]. The group also issued statements to all the multiplexes of Gujarat, suggesting that the film not be screened unless Khan apologised for his comments.<ref name="narmada">{{Cite web |url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail.html?news_id=15486 |title=Taare Zameen Par banned in Vadodara multiplex |publisher=Yahoo! India Movies |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5rZ0e8X1w?url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail.html?news_id=15486 |archive-date=28 July 2010 |access-date=27 July 2010}}</ref><ref name="trouble">{{Cite web |url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail/15411/TZP-runs-trouble-in-Gujarat.html |title=TZP runs into trouble in Gujarat |publisher=Yahoo! India Movies |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302062841/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail/15411/TZP-runs-trouble-in-Gujarat.html |archive-date=2 March 2008 |access-date=27 July 2010}}</ref> The INOX cinema eventually boycotted the film; INOX Operations Manager Pushpendra Singh Rathod stated that "INOX is with Gujarat, and not isolated from it".<ref name="narmada" />

=== International Dyslexia Association ===
The [[International Dyslexia Association]] screened ''Taare Zameen Par'' on 29 October 2008 in [[Seattle, Washington]]. Khan noted in his official blog that there were about 200 people in the audience and that he was "curious to see the response of a non-Indian audience to what we had made." He felt some concern that ''Taare Zameen Par'' was shown in a conference room rather than a cinema hall and was projected as a DVD rather than as a film. He said that the showing concluded to an "absolutely thunderous standing ovation" which "overwhelmed" him and that he "saw the tears streaming down the cheeks of the audience." Khan also noted that the reaction to the film "was exactly as it had been with audiences back home in India".<ref name="khanblog">{{Cite web |url=http://www.aamirkhan.com/blog/login.php?topicid=642 |title=Sleepless in Seattle |last=Khan |first=Aamir |date=1 November 2008 |publisher=AamirKhan.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728042553/http://www.aamirkhan.com/blog/login.php?topicid=642 |archive-date=28 July 2010 |access-date=31 January 2008}}</ref><ref name="seattle">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_taare-zameen-par-gets-standing-ovation-in-seattle_1202519 |title='Taare Zameen Par' gets standing ovation in Seattle |date=1 November 2008 |publisher=DNA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728042638/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_taare-zameen-par-gets-standing-ovation-in-seattle_1202519 |archive-date=28 July 2010 |access-date=1 November 2008}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
UTV Home Entertainment released the film on DVD in India on 25 July 2008.<ref name="features">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/dvd-launch-of-barfi/ |title=Hindi Movie DVD Review |last=Shahryar |first=Faridoon |date=21 July 2008 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112214448/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/dvd/type/view/id/118 |archive-date=12 January 2015 |url-status=live |access-date=25 July 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/2008-30-screens-in-u-k/ |title=Aamir Khan to launch TZP DVD at Darsheel Safary's school in Mumbai |date=24 July 2008 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822051140/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2008/07/24/11722/index.html |archive-date=22 August 2008 |access-date=27 July 2010}}</ref> It was launched at Darsheel Safary's school, Green Lawns High School, in Mumbai. Aamir Khan, Tisca Chopra, Vipin Sharma, Sachet Engineer, and the rest of the cast and crew were present. In his speech, Khan stated, "Darsheel is a very happy child, full of life and vibrant. I am sure it's because of the way his parents and teachers have treated him. I must say Darsheel's principal Mrs. Bajaj has been extremely supportive and encouraging. The true test of any school is how happy the kids are and by the looks of it, the children here seem really happy."<ref name="school">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/07/25/4114/ |title=Taare Zameen Par DVD launch in a complete Masti Ki Paathshala |last=Ramsubramaniam |first=Nikhil |date=25 July 2008 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728044502/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/07/25/4114/ |archive-date=28 July 2010 |access-date=25 July 2008 |url-status=unfit}}</ref>

[[Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment]], whose parent company previously acquired 33 percent of UTV Software Communications, bought the DVD rights for distribution in North America, the United Kingdom, and Australia for {{INRConvert|70|m}}.<ref name="countries">{{Cite news |url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1117989294.html?categoryid=20&cs=1 |title=Disney goes Bollywood |last=Frater |first=Patrick |date=25 July 2008 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=25 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022021256/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117989294?refCatId=20 |archive-date=22 October 2012}}</ref> This marked "the first time an international studio has bought the video rights of an Indian film."<ref name="first">{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Business/India_Business/Disney_buys_N_American_rights_for_TZP/articleshow/3256629.cms |title=Disney buys N American rights for TZP |last=Dubey |first=Bharati |date=21 July 2008 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=25 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021092302/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Disney-buys-N-American-rights-for-TZP/articleshow/3256629.cms |archive-date=21 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Retitling it ''Like Stars on Earth'', Disney released the film in [[DVD region code#Region codes and countries|Region]] 2 on 26 October 2009,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Like-Stars-Earth-Tanay-Chheda/dp/B001NN415S |title=Like Stars On Earth |date=26 October 2009 |publisher=Amazon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513222101/https://www.amazon.co.uk/Like-Stars-Earth-Tanay-Chheda/dp/B001NN415S |archive-date=13 May 2016 |access-date=18 June 2016}}</ref> in Region 1 on 12 January 2010,<ref name="amazon1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001N6FPRI |title=Like Stars on Earth (Two Disc DVD + CD): Aamir Khan: Movies & TV |publisher=Amazon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728045222/http://www.amazon.com/dp/B001N6FPRI |archive-date=28 July 2010 |access-date=27 July 2010}}</ref> and in Region 4 on 29 March 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ezydvd.com.au/item.zml/804113 |title=Like Stars on Earth (Taare Zameen Par) @ EzyDVD |publisher=EzyDVD |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616062810/http://www.ezydvd.com.au/DVD/like-stars-on-earth-taare-zameen-par/dp/804113 |archive-date=16 June 2012 |url-status=dead |access-date=27 July 2010}}</ref> A three-disc set, the Disney version features the original Hindi audio soundtrack with English subtitles or another dubbed in English, as well as bonus material such as audio commentary, deleted scenes, and the musical soundtrack.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |url=http://www.disneystore.com/like-stars-on-earth-taare-zameen-par-3-disc-dvd/mp/1259282/1000318/ |title=Like Stars on Earth:Additional Information – Tech Specs |publisher=[[Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629011651/http://www.disneystore.com/like-stars-on-earth-taare-zameen-par-3-disc-dvd/mp/1259282/1000318/ |archive-date=29 June 2013 |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film is available on [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.netflix.com/in/title/70087087 |title=Taare Zameen Par |website=Netflix |access-date=3 September 2019 |archive-date=3 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703164933/https://www.netflix.com/title/70087087 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===
[[File:AamirKhan.jpg|thumb|alt=An Indian man wearing a black dress shirt.|200px|right|Critics praised [[Aamir Khan]] for his directorial debut, which garnered him many awards and nominations.]]

''Taare Zameen Par'' received widespread critical acclaim upon release. {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=93|count=14|average=7.4|consensus=|ref=yes |access-date=July 18, 2022}} Subhash K. Jha suggests that the film is "a work of art, a water painting where the colors drip into our hearts, which could easily have fallen into the motions of over-sentimentality. Aamir Khan holds back where he could easily resort to an extravagant display of drama and emotions."<ref name="skjtzp">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2007/12/27/3396/index.html |title=Subhash K Jha speaks about ''Taare Zameen Par'' |last=Jha |first=Subhash |date=27 December 2007 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509111656/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2007/12/27/3396/index.html |archive-date=9 May 2008 |access-date=12 January 2010}}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] of ''[[CNN-IBN]]'' argued that the true power of the film lies in its "remarkable, rooted, rock-solid script which provides the landscape for such an emotionally engaging, heart-warming experience."<ref name="change">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/review-taare-zameen-par-may-change-your-life/54724-8-single.html |title=Taare Zameen Par may change your life |last=Masand |first=Rajeev |date=21 December 2007 |publisher=IBN-CNN |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623225110/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/review-taare-zameen-par-may-change-your-life/54724-8-single.html |archive-date=23 June 2008 |access-date=10 April 2008}}</ref> Manish Gajjar from the ''[[BBC]]'' stated that the film "touches your heart and moves you deeply with its sterling performances. [It is] a film full of substance!"<ref name="BBCshrop">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/bollywood/2007/12/taare_zameen_review.shtml |title=Taare Zameen Par (2007) |last=Gajjar |first=Manish |publisher=BBC |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105190630/http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/bollywood/2007/12/taare_zameen_review.shtml |archive-date=5 January 2008 |access-date=6 January 2008}}</ref> Jaspreet Pandohar, also of BBC, posited that ''Taare Zameen Par'' is a "far cry from the formulaic masala flicks churned out by the Bollywood machine," and is "an inspirational story that is as emotive as it is entertaining; this is a little twinkling star of a movie."<ref name="BBCreview">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2007/12/17/taare_zameen_par_2007_review.shtml |title=Taare Zameen Par (2007) |last=Pandohar |first=Jaspreet |date=18 December 2007 |publisher=BBC |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307060900/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2007/12/17/taare_zameen_par_2007_review.shtml |archive-date=7 March 2008 |access-date=8 April 2008}}</ref> Furthermore, Aprajita Anil of ''[[The Indian Express|Screen]]'' gave the film four stars and stated, "''Taare Zameen Par'' cannot be missed. Because it is different. Because it is delightful. Because it would make everyone think. Because it would help everyone grow. Because very rarely do performances get so gripping. And of course because the 'perfectionist' actor has shaped into a 'perfectionist' director."<ref name="screen">{{Cite web |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/movie-review-taare-zameen-par/252888/2 |title=Movie Review: Taare Zameen Par |last=Aprajita |first=Anil |date=21 December 2007 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130151923/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/movie-review-taare-zameen-par/252888/2 |archive-date=30 November 2017 |access-date=18 June 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, filmmaker [[Anurag Kashyap (director)|Anurag Kashyap]] stated that, "''Taare Zameen Par'' took me back to my hostel days. If you take away the dyslexia, it seems like my story. The film affected me so deeply that I was almost left speechless. After watching the [[film]], I was asked how I liked ''Taare Zameen Par.'' I could not talk as I was deeply overwhelmed."<ref name="rocks">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1143127 |title='Taare Zameen Par' rocks overseas audience |date=4 January 2008 |publisher=DNA |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402125138/http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1143127 |archive-date=2 April 2008 |access-date=12 May 2009}}</ref>

However, there were some criticisms. Jha's only objection to the film was Nikumbh's "sanctimonious lecture" to Ishaan's "rather theatrically-played" father. Jha found this a jarring "deviation from the delectable delicacy" of the film's tone.<ref name=skjtzp /> Although she applauded the film overall and recommended "a mandatory viewing for all schools and all parents", [[Nikhat Kazmi]] of ''The [[Times of India]]'' believed the second half was "a bit repetitive," the script needed "taut editing," and Ishaan's trauma "[seemed] a shade too prolonged and the treatment simplistic."<ref name="timesofindia">{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Taare-Zameen-Par/movie-review/2641799.cms |title=Review |last=Kazmi |first=Nikhat |date=21 December 2007 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=10 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624022631/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/moviereview/2641799.cms |archive-date=24 June 2008}}</ref> Despite commending the "great performances" and excellent directing, Gautaman Bhaskaran of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'', too, suggested that the movie "suffers from a weak script."<ref name="THR1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/film/reviews/article_display.jsp?rid=10573 |title=Review |last=Bhaskaran |first=Gautaman |date=31 January 2008 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=1 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728042305/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/film/reviews/article_display.jsp?rid=10573 |archive-date=28 July 2010}}</ref> Likewise, Derek Kelly of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' criticized it for what he described as its "touchy-feely-ness" attention to "a [[special needs]] kid's plight." Kelly also disliked the film for being "so resolutely caring ... and devoid of real drama and interesting characters" that "it should have 'approved by the Dyslexia Assn.' stamped on the posters."<ref name="Variety">{{Cite news |url=https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117935724.html?categoryid=31&cs=1 |title=Review |last=Derek |first=Kelly |date=28 December 2007 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=1 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728042433/http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117935724.html?categoryid=31&cs=1 |archive-date=28 July 2010}}</ref>

=== Scholarly response ===
In his article "''Taare Zameen Par'' and dyslexic savants" featured in the ''Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology'', Ambar Chakravarty noted the general accuracy of Ishaan's dyslexia. Though Chakravarty was puzzled by Ishaan's trouble in simple arithmetic—a trait of [[dyscalculia]] rather than dyslexia—he reasoned it was meant to "enhance the image of [Ishaan's] helplessness and disability". Labeling Ishaan an example of "dyslexic savant syndrome", he especially praised the growth of Ishaan's artistic talents after receiving help and support from Nikumbh, and deemed it the "most important (and joyous) neurocognitive phenomenon" of the film. This improvement highlights cosmetic neurology, a "major and therapeutically important issue" in [[cognitive neuroscience]] and [[neuropsychology]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chakravarty |first=Ambar |year=2009 |title=Taare Zameen Par and dyslexic savants |journal=Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=99–103 |doi=10.4103/0972-2327.53077 |pmc=2812748 |pmid=20142854 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Likewise, in their article "Wake up call from 'Stars on the Ground'" for the ''Indian Journal of Psychiatry'', T. S. Sathyanarayana Rao and V. S. T. Krishna wrote that the film "deserves to be vastly appreciated as an earnest endeavor to portray with sensitivity and empathetically diagnose a malady in human life". They also felt it blended "modern professional knowledge" with a "humane approach" in working with a dyslexic child. However, the authors believed the film expands beyond disabilities and explores the "present age where everyone is in a restless hurry". The pair wrote, "This film raises serious questions on mental health perspectives. We seem to be heading to a state of mass scale mindlessness even as children are being pushed to 'perform'. Are we seriously getting engrossed in the race of 'achievement' and blissfully becoming numb to the crux of life i.e., experiencing meaningful living in a broader frame rather than merely existing?" The film depicts how "threats and coercion are not capable of unearthing rich human potentialities deeply embedded in children", and that teachers should instead map their strengths and weakness. With this in mind, the author felt that Khan "dexterously drives home the precise point that our first priority ought to be getting to know the child before making any efforts to fill them with knowledge and abilities". Overall, the pair found a "naive oversimplification" in the film. With India "only recently waking to recognizing the reality and tragedy of learning disability", however, they "easily [forgave the film's fault] under artistic license".<ref name="ground">{{Cite journal |last1=Rao |first1=T. S. Sathyanarayana |last2=Krishna |first2=V. S. T. |year=2008 |title=Wake up call from 'Stars on the Ground' |journal=Indian Journal of Psychiatry |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=2–4 |doi=10.4103/0019-5545.39749 |pmc=2745856 |pmid=19771297 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

=== Public responses ===
The film raised awareness of the issue of dyslexia, and prompted more open discussions among parents, schools, activists, and policymakers.
Anjuli Bawa, a parent-activist and founder of Action Dyslexia Delhi, said that the number of parents who visit her office increased tenfold in the months following the film's release.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/03/AR2008060303201.html?nav=rss_education&sid=ST2008060400877 |title=The Pain of Dyslexia, As Told by Bollywood, Page 1 |last=Lakshmi |first=Rama |date=4 June 2008 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=22 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111134022/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/03/AR2008060303201.html?nav=rss_education&sid=ST2008060400877 |archive-date=11 November 2012}}</ref> Many began taking a more proactive approach by contacting her after noticing problems, rather than using her as a last resort. Gupte himself received "many painful letters and phone calls" from Indian parents. He noted, "Fathers weep on the phone and say they saw the film and realized that they have been wrong in the way they treated their children. This is catharsis."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/03/AR2008060303201_2.html?nav=rss_education&sid=ST2008060400877 |title=The Pain of Dyslexia, As Told by Bollywood, Page 2 |last=Lakshmi |first=Rama |date=4 June 2008 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=22 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111134030/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/03/AR2008060303201_2.html?nav=rss_education&sid=ST2008060400877 |archive-date=11 November 2012}}</ref>

These reactions have also brought about a change in policies. The film, only ten days after its debut, influenced the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] to provide extra time to disabled children—including visually impaired, physically disabled, and dyslexic students—during exams. In 2008, Mumbai's civic body also opened 12 classrooms for autistic students. In [[Chandigarh]], the education administration started a course to educate teachers on how to support children with learning disabilities.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Business_of_Bollywood/Taare_Zameen_Par_inspires_people_institutions_into_action/articleshow/2946132.cms |title=Taare Zameen Par inspires people, institutions into action |last=Lakshmi |first=Rama |date=12 April 2008 |work=The Economic Times |access-date=22 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518122424/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Business_of_Bollywood/Taare_Zameen_Par_inspires_people_institutions_into_action/articleshow/2946132.cms |url-status=live |archive-date=18 May 2011}}</ref>

The film has had a similarly positive response in [[Greater China]], where the film was not officially released yet has a large online cult following due to Aamir Khan's popularity in the region after the success of ''[[3 Idiots]]'' (2009). The film has been well received by Chinese audiences for how it tackles issues such as education and dyslexia, and is one of the highest-rated films on popular Chinese film site [[Douban]], along with two other Aamir Khan films, ''3 Idiots'' and ''[[Dangal (2016 film)|Dangal]]'' (2016).<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/zl/bagua/blog/2017-05-19/10105939/350163497/14df122910102wywr.shtml |title=印度的良心阿米尔·汗如何用电影改变国家 |date=19 May 2017 |work=[[Sina Corp|Sina]] |access-date=11 December 2017 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224085618/http://ent.sina.com.cn/zl/bagua/blog/2017-05-19/10105939/350163497/14df122910102wywr.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.chinanews.com/yl/2017/05-11/8220929.shtml |title=《摔跤吧！爸爸》主演阿米尔·汗被誉为"印度刘德华"-中新网 |date=11 May 2017 |work=[[China News Service]] |access-date=11 December 2017 |archive-date=27 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227161827/http://www.chinanews.com/yl/2017/05-11/8220929.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{{Main|List of accolades received by Taare Zameen Par}}

Among its many awards, ''Taare Zameen Par'' won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Film]] for 2008,<ref name="filmfare">{{Cite web |url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail/20159/Taare-Zameen-Par-sweeps-Filmfare-Awards.html |title=Taare Zameen Par sweeps Filmfare Awards |date=24 February 2008 |publisher=Yahoo! India Movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228125818/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail/20159/Taare-Zameen-Par-sweeps-Filmfare-Awards.html |archive-date=28 February 2008 |url-status=live |access-date=29 July 2010}}</ref> as well as the [[National Film Award for Best Film on Family Welfare]].<ref name="pib.nic.in">{{Cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2009/sep/r2009090707.pdf |title=55th National Film Awards for the Year 2007 |publisher=Press Information Bureau ([[Govt. of India]]) |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007125534/http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2009/sep/r2009090707.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2009}}</ref> Khan's directorial role and Safary's performance were recognized at the 2008 Zee Cine Awards,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/04/27/3817/index.html |title=Winners of the Zee Cine Awards 2008 |date=27 April 2008 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814222126/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/04/27/3817/index.html |archive-date=14 August 2011 |url-status=dead |access-date=27 November 2010}}</ref> 2008 Filmfare Awards,<ref name="filmfare" /> and 4th Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2009/12/05/5746/index.html |title=Winners of 4th Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards |date=5 December 2009 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091208013537/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2009/12/05/5746/index.html |archive-date=8 December 2009 |url-status=dead |access-date=27 November 2010}}</ref>

=== 2009 Academy Awards submission and ''Slumdog Millionaire'' ===
''Taare Zameen Par'' was initially acclaimed as India's official entry for the 2009 [[List of submissions to the 81st Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film|Academy Awards Best Foreign Film]],<ref name="reutersosc">{{Cite news |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-35580920080921 |title='Taare Zameen Par' is India's entry to Oscars |last=Jamkhandikar |first=Shilpa |date=21 September 2008 |work=Reuters |access-date=30 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208075259/http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-35580920080921 |url-status=live |archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref><ref name="toiosc">{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Taare_Zameen_Par_is_Indias_entry_for_Oscar/articleshow/3507409.cms |title=Taare Zameen Par is India's entry for Oscar |date=21 September 2008 |work=[[Times of India]] |access-date=30 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024034146/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Taare_Zameen_Par_is_Indias_entry_for_Oscar/articleshow/3507409.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.zeenews.com/Entertainment/2008-12-22/493040news.html |title=Aamir gets congratulatory call from Oscar panel chief for 'TZP'! |date=22 December 2008 |publisher=[[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]] |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6AMidPZ2S?url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/movies-and-theatre/aamir-gets-congratulatory-call-from-oscar-panel-chief-for-tzp_493040.html |archive-date=2 September 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=2 January 2009}}</ref> but after it failed to progress to the short list, a debate began in the Indian media as to why Indian films never win Academy Awards.<ref name="code">{{Cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/why-cant-indian-films-crack-the-oscar-code/86058-8.html |title=Why can't Indian films crack the Oscar code? |last=Mishra |first=Somen |date=23 February 2009 |publisher=CNN-IBN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012162642/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/why-cant-indian-films-crack-the-oscar-code/86058-8.html |archive-date=12 October 2012 |url-status=dead |access-date=22 July 2010}}</ref> Speculation for the reasons behind ''Taare Zameen Par''{{'}}s failed bid included [[Rediff.com]]'s Arthur J. Pai's observation that it lacked mainstream media attention;<ref name="special">{{Cite web |url=http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2009/jan/14taare-zameen-par-out-of-oscar-race.htm |title=Taare Zameen Par out of Oscar race |last=Pais |first=Arthur J. |date=14 January 2009 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120809193033/http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2009/jan/14taare-zameen-par-out-of-oscar-race.htm |archive-date=9 August 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=22 July 2010}}</ref> AMPAS jury member Krishna Shah criticized its length and abundance of songs.<ref name="musical">{{Cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_Story.aspx?id=ENTEN20090082117&keyword=bollywood&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA |title=Why Taare ... didn't make it to the Oscars |date=1 February 2009 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6AMNXQhPk?url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_Story.aspx?id=ENTEN20090082117&keyword=bollywood&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA |archive-date=1 September 2012 |access-date=1 February 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{quote box
| width = 30%
| quote = "Three days before ''[[Chandni Chowk to China]]'' hit theaters in the U.S. and India, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced its shortlist of nine films edging closer to a foreign-language nomination. India's submission, the powerful and moving ''Taare Zameen Par'' by Aamir Khan, didn't make the cut. Sadly, that film never will be seen by mainstream American audiences; yet ''Chandni Chowk'' is enjoying a hefty publicity push. If only ''Taare Zameen Par'' could have gotten its hands on that magic potato."
| source = — American film critic Lisa Tsering in ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]].''<ref name="THR2">{{Cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/film-reviews/film-review-chandni-chowk-to-china-1003931198.story |title=Film Review: Chandni Chowk to China |last=Tsering |first=Lisa |date=15 January 2009 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=12 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116181607/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/film-reviews/film-review-chandni-chowk-to-china-1003931198.story |archive-date=16 January 2009}}</ref>
}}

Khan claimed that he was "not surprised" that ''Taare Zameen Par'' was not included in the Academy Award shortlist,<ref name="aamirkhan">{{Cite news |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/No+Obama-like+leader+in+Indian+politics:+Aamir/1/26844.html |title=No Obama-like leader in Indian politics: Aamir |date=31 January 2009 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=31 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128225510/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Story/26844/Cinema/No+Obama-like+leader+in+Indian+politics:+Aamir.html |archive-date=28 November 2010}}</ref> and argued, "I don't make films for awards. I make films for the audience. The audience, for which I have made the film, really loved it and the audiences outside India have also loved it. What I am trying to say is that film has been well loved across the globe and that for me it is extremely heartening and something that I give very high value to."<ref name="aamirkhan2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/I-don-t-make-films-for-awards-Aamir-Khan/Article1-373139.aspx |title=I don't make films for awards: Aamir Khan |last=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] |date=31 January 2009 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313183100/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/entertainment/i-don-t-make-films-for-awards-aamir-khan/article1-373139.aspx |archive-date=13 March 2014 |url-status=dead |access-date=31 January 2009}}</ref>

The Indian news media also frequently compared ''Taare Zameen Par's'' nomination failure with the British drama film ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]''{{'}}s multiple Academy Award nominations and wins,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_aamir-s-taare-zameen-par-misses-oscar-shortlist_1221595 |title=Aamir's 'Taare Zameen Par' misses Oscar shortlist |date=14 January 2009 |publisher=DNA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925082541/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_aamir-s-taare-zameen-par-misses-oscar-shortlist_1221595 |archive-date=25 September 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=26 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_slumdog-bags-10-oscar-hopes_1224030 |title=Slumdog bags 10 Oscar hopes |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6AM78sK18?url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_slumdog-bags-10-oscar-hopes_1224030 |archive-date=1 September 2012 |access-date=22 July 2010 |last=Shetty-Saha |first=Shubha |date=17 February 2009 |publisher=DNA}} {{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200902171661.htm |title=Govt. lauds Rahman, 'Slumdog' team |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6AM75BKr5?url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200902171661.htm |archive-date=1 September 2012 |access-date=26 May 2010 |date=17 February 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}} {{cite web |url=http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Asia/Story/A1Story20090113-114349.html |title=Is 'Slumdog' India's? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728043411/http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Asia/Story/A1Story20090113-114349.html |archive-date=28 July 2010 |access-date=26 May 2010 |date=13 January 2009 |publisher=AsiaOne}}</ref> and noted that other Indian films in the past were overlooked.<ref name="dnaart">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_gujarat-says-jai-ho-to-slumdog-victory_1233778 |title=Gujarat says Jai Ho to Slumdog victory |last=Quadri |first=Misbah |date=24 February 2009 |publisher=DNA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926175430/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_gujarat-says-jai-ho-to-slumdog-victory_1233778 |archive-date=26 September 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=22 July 2010}}</ref> Film critic [[Rajeev Masand]] argued that it is difficult to compare the two films and noted that ''Slumdog Millionaire'' was being marketed in a way that Indian films such as ''Taare Zameen Par'' could not compete with.<ref name="masandchat">{{Cite web |url=http://features.ibnlive.in.com/chat/view/237.html |title=Live Chat: Rajeev Masand on Rahman, Oscars – IBNLive |publisher=DNA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225021147/http://features.ibnlive.in.com/chat/view/237.html |archive-date=25 February 2012 |url-status=dead |access-date=22 July 2010}}</ref> In this context, ''Slumdog Millionaire'' actor [[Mahesh Manjrekar]] stated, "I'm sad that Aamir's ''Taare Zameen Par'' didn't make it to the final round of the Oscars. I thought it to be way better than ''Slumdog'' [''Millionaire'']..., without taking away anything from Boyle and the kids. But, Indian movies are underestimated there."<ref name="maheshman">{{Cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-04-26/news-interviews/28013591_1_marathi-films-marathi-movies-silent-film |title=No more acting for me: Mahesh Manjrekar |last=Ashar |first=Urvashi |date=26 April 2009 |access-date=26 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427203517/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/No-more-acting-for-me-Mahesh-Manjrekar/articleshow/4448172.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 April 2009}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Taare Zameen Par
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
| released = {{Start date|df=y|2007|11|4}}
| recorded = 2007
| studio = Anand Recording Studios, Mumbai, India
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 38:45
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
| prev_title = [[Heyy Babyy]]
| prev_year = 2007
| next_title = [[Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic]]
| next_year = 2008
}}

The soundtrack for ''Taare Zameen Par'' was released on 4 November 2007 under the label [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].<ref name="releasedatecd">{{Cite web |url=http://www.planetbollywood.com/displayReview.php?id=110707123745 |title=Planet Bollywood Music Review: Taare Zameen Par |last=Khan |first=Atta |publisher=Planet Bollywood |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502150925/http://www.planetbollywood.com/displayReview.php?id=110707123745 |archive-date=2 May 2008 |access-date=11 April 2008}}</ref> The music is mainly composed by [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], with lyrics by [[Prasoon Joshi]]. However, "Mera Jahan" was scored by Shailendra Barve and written by Gupte.<ref name="cd">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/musicreview/13306/index.html |title=Taare Zameen Par: Music Review by Joginder Tuteja |work=Bollywood Hungama |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224062442/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/musicreview/13306/index.html |archive-date=24 December 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009}}</ref> Joshi received the [[National Film Award for Best Lyrics]], and [[Shankar Mahadevan]] won the [[National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer]], both for "Maa."<ref name="pib.nic.in" />

=== Track listing ===
{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Taare Zameen Par
| extra1 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]], Dominique Cerejo, Vivienne Pocha
| length1 = 7:08
| title2 = Kholo Kholo
| extra2 = [[Raman Mahadevan]]
| length2 = 5:01
| title3 = Bum Bum Bole
| extra3 = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Aamir Khan]], [[Armaan Malik]]
| length3 = 5:32
| title6 = Jame Raho
| extra6 = [[Vishal Dadlani]]
| length6 = 2:59
| title4 = Maa
| extra4 = Shankar Mahadevan
| length4 = 5:14
| title5 = Bheja Kum
| extra5 = Shankar Mahadevan, Bugs Bhargava, Shankar Sachdev, Roaj Gopal Iyer, Ravi Khanwiker, [[Loy Mendonsa]], [[Amole Gupte]], Kiran Rao, Aamir Khan, Ram Madhavni, Haji Springer
| length5 = 2:07
| title7 = Mera Jahan
| extra7 = [[Adnan Sami]], Auriel Cordo, Ananya Wadkar, Amole Gupte
| length7 = 6:32
| title8 = Ishaan's Theme
| extra8 = [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
| length8 = 4:13
| total_length = 38:45
}}

=== Reception ===

Joginder Tuteja of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' praised the variety of genres present in the soundtrack and the lack of [[remix]]es. He gave it an overall rating of 3.5 out of 5 stars, calling it a "zero compromise album" that "stays true to the film's spirit".<ref name="cd" /> ''Planet Bollywood''<nowiki/>'s Atta Khan rated it 9 out of 10, noting that the soundtrack "unquestionably lives up to all expectations". He felt that it maintained an "all round polished nature" and "is destined to become a classic". Although he, too, enjoyed the musical variety, he believed the composers overused the guitar and synthesizers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.planetbollywood.com/displayReview.php?id=110707123745 |title=Taare Zameen Par – music review by Atta Khan |last=Khan |first=Atta |publisher=Planet Bollywood |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502150925/http://www.planetbollywood.com/displayReview.php?id=110707123745 |archive-date=2 May 2008 |access-date=24 December 2010}}</ref> Sukanya Verma of Rediff.com gave the soundtrack a score of 3 out of 5, commenting, "''Taare Zameen Par'' isn't your regular soundtrack about fluttering hearts and sleepless nights. What makes these delicate and whimsical creations special is their underlying innocence."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/nov/05taare.htm |title=Taare Zameen Par: Songs of innocence |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |date=5 November 2007 |work=Rediff.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510112112/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/nov/05taare.htm |archive-date=10 May 2011 |url-status=live |access-date=24 December 2010}}</ref> According to the Indian trade website [[Box Office India]], with around {{formatnum:1100000}} units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's thirteenth highest-selling.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5 |title=Music Hits 2000–2009 (Figures in Units) |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100624132928/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5 |archive-date=24 June 2010}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Film|Bollywood}}
*[[List of artistic depictions of dyslexia]]
* [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]]
* [[List of submissions to the 81st Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film]]

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}

*{{Cite web|last=Mohideen|first=Nabeel|date=26 December 2007|editor-last=Hoelterhoff|editor-first=Manuela|title=Aamir Khan Makes Sparkling Debut as Film Director With ''Taare''|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aFf17G89ZsOM|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112210912/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aFf17G89ZsOM|archive-date=12 January 2015|website=[[Bloomberg News]]|location=[[New Delhi]]}}
*{{Cite web|last=Mukherjee|first=Krittivas|date=24 December 2007|title=''Taare Zameen Par'', film on dyslexic child, pulls at Indian heartstrings|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/topNews/idINIndia-31102120071224?sp=true|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428001621/https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idINIndia-31102120071224?edition-redirect=in|archive-date=28 April 2021|publisher=[[Reuters]] Life|location=[[Mumbai]]}}
*{{Cite interview|last=Chhabra|first=Aseem|interviewer=[[Joe Palca|Palca, Joe]]|title=Singing The Praises Of Bollywood Films|type=Radio|last2=Kumar|first2=Amitava|last3=Tharoor|first3=Shashi|url=https://www.wbur.org/npr/101151401|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102328/https://www.wbur.org/npr/101151401|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead|publisher=[[WBUR-FM]]|date=25 February 2009|location=[[Boston]]}}

{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote|Taare Zameen Par}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb title|title=Like Stars on Earth (Taare Zameen Par)}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|title=Like Stars on Earth (Taare Zameen Par)}}
* {{AllMovie title}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama title|taare-zameen-par}}

{{Aamir Khan|state=expanded}}
{{Amole Gupte}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Film}}
{{Indian submission for Academy Awards}}
{{featured article}}

[[Category:2000s educational films]]
[[Category:Indian educational films]]
[[Category:2000s Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2007 films]]
[[Category:Best Film on Family Welfare National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:2000s children's drama films]]
[[Category:2000s psychological drama films]]
[[Category:Films about disability in India]]
[[Category:Films about fictional painters]]
[[Category:Films about the education system in India]]
[[Category:Films scored by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Panchgani]]
[[Category:Indian children's drama films]]
[[Category:Indian psychological drama films]]
[[Category:Indian films with live action and animation]]
[[Category:2007 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Disney India films]]
[[Category:Films set in boarding schools]]
[[Category:Films about educators]]
[[Category:Films about students]]
[[Category:Films about teacher–student relationships]]
[[Category:Films about special education]]
[[Category:Films set in 2006]]
[[Category:Films set in 2007]]
[[Category:Fiction about dyslexia]]

Morecambe F.C.

2023-09-16T16:46:47Z

Tjmj:

{{Short description|Association football club in Morecambe, England}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox football club
| nickname = The Shrimps
| ground = [[Mazuma Stadium|Mazuma Mobile Stadium]]
| capacity = 6,476 (2,247 seated)
| coordinates = {{coord|54.0615|-2.8672|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}}
| current = 2023–24 Morecambe F.C. season
| clubname = Morecambe
| image = Morecambe FC.png
| upright = 0.7
| fullname = Morecambe Football Club
| founded = {{start date and age|df=y|1920|5|7}}
| owner = Bond Group Investments Limited (80% maj. shareholder)
| chrtitle = Co-chairmen
| chairman = Graham House &Rod Taylor<ref>{{cite news |title=Rod Taylor & Graham Howse announced as Co-Chairmen
|url=https://www.morecambefc.com/news/2018/november/rod-taylor-and-graham-howse-co-chairmen/ |access-date=10 November 2018 |publisher=Morecambe F.C. |date=10 November 2018}}</ref>
| manager = [[Derek Adams]]
| league = {{English football updater|Morecamb}}
| season = {{English football updater|Morecamb2}}
| position = {{English football updater|Morecamb3}}
| website = http://www.morecambefc.com
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| pattern_sh1 = _red stripes
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'''Morecambe Football Club''' is a professional [[Association football|football]] club in [[Morecambe]], [[Lancashire]], England. The team competes in [[EFL League Two]], the fourth tier of the [[English football league system]].

Nicknamed "The Shrimps” due to the coastal town's local speciality food, the club have played home games at the [[Mazuma Stadium|Mazuma Mobile Stadium]] since moving from their original home at [[Christie Park (Morecambe)|Christie Park]] in 2010. The club contests rivalries with nearby [[Accrington Stanley F.C.|Accrington Stanley]] and formerly with non-League neighbours [[Lancaster City F.C.|Lancaster City]], along with other [[Lancashire]] clubs.

The club was founded in 1920 and entered into the [[Lancashire Combination]], where they would remain for the next 48 years, winning the league title on five occasions: 1924–25, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1966–67 and 1967–68. They joined the newly formed [[Northern Premier League]] in 1968 and went on to win the [[FA Trophy]] in [[1973–74 FA Trophy|1974]] and the [[Northern Premier League President's Cup]] in 1992. Under the stewardship of [[Jim Harvey]], a second-place finish in the 1994–95 Northern Premier League Premier Division season saw them promoted into the [[National League (division)|Conference]]. Having been beaten in the 2003 and 2006 play-off semi-finals, [[Sammy McIlroy]] led the club to promotion into the [[English Football League|Football League]] with victory in the [[2007 Conference National play-off Final|2007 play-off final]]. They finished in the top ten of [[EFL League Two|League Two]] twice, reaching the play-off semi-finals after fourth-place finishes in 2009–10 and 2020–21; in the latter season they reached the [[2021 English Football League play-offs|2021 League Two play-off final]] and achieved a first promotion to League One. They competed in the third tier for two seasons, before being relegated in 2023.

==History==
{{more citations needed|section|date=July 2016}}

=== 1920–2007: Non-League ===
Football in the town dates back to the turn of the 20th century; however, it was not until 7 May 1920 that Morecambe FC was formed after a meeting at the local West View Hotel. The club then took its place in the Lancashire Combination League for the [[1920-21 in English football|1920–21]] season.

Sharing grounds with [[Morecambe Cricket Club]] at Woodhill Lane during the first season, football proved popular, with crowds in excess of 3,000 for derby fixtures with [[Lancaster City F.C.|Lancaster City]] and [[Fleetwood Town F.C.|Fleetwood Town]]. Although success on the field was hard to come by, with the club languishing near the bottom of the table, at the end of the first season the club moved grounds to Roseberry Park. A few years later after the purchase of the ground by the then-President, J.B. Christie, the ground's name was changed to Christie Park in his honour. Those early seasons proved difficult, and it was not until 1924–25 that the club began to enjoy some success, claiming the league title for the first time; this was later followed by success in the Lancashire Junior Cup, beating old rivals [[Chorley F.C.|Chorley]] after two replays, and in front of over 30,000 spectators.

Christie bequeathed the ground to the club in 1927 and also helped incorporate the club into a Limited Company with a then share capital of £1,000. The rest of the 1920s and the whole of the 1930s saw a constant struggle to keep football alive on the North West coast, with poor results on the field and little or no revenue off the field.

The post-war era saw an upturn in the Shrimps' fortunes with steady progress throughout the late 1940s and nearly all the 1950s, with a visible marked improvement when in 1956 Ken Horton was appointed [[player-manager]]. Whilst success was only just around the corner, the foundations for the future were being built. The Auxiliary Supporters club had been formed and with their help many ground improvements were undertaken, so that the on-field success dovetailed neatly with the off-field enterprise. The fourteen years from 1960 could justifiably be said{{By whom|date=March 2013}} to be Morecambe's Golden Era. This included an [[FA Cup]] third round appearance in 1961–62, a 1–0 defeat to [[Weymouth F.C.|Weymouth]]; a [[Lancashire Senior Cup]] final victory in 1968, a 2–1 win over [[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]];<ref name="LC1">
{{cite book
| title = The Lancashire Cup – A Complete Record 1879–80 to 2006–07, by Gordon Small
| publisher = A SoccerData Publication on behalf of the Lancashire Football Association
| year = 2007
| isbn = 978-1-905891-04-7}}</ref> and an [[FA Trophy]] success at [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley]] in 1974, a 2–1 win over [[Dartford F.C.|Dartford]] in the final.

The next 12 years were as barren as any previous period in the club's history. Attendances fell from a creditable 2,000 plus to a miserable 200 minus, with a visible decline in the club fortunes during that period. However, in 1985–86, signs of improvement appeared; the club's league position improved, and success in cups came as well over the next few years. It took ten years for the club to reach its ambition of promotion to the [[Football Conference]] after many further improvements, not only to the ground but also to the club's structure.

Since elevation to the Conference in season 1995–96, the Shrimps achieved status as one of the leading teams in the league. In fact, only [[Woking F.C.|Woking]] had a longer unbroken membership of the league at this time. Runners-up spot was claimed on one occasion and the play-offs places were narrowly missed twice. Also during this time, the club also equalled its best appearance in the FA Cup in both 2000–01 and 2002–03. On both occasions the club faced [[Ipswich Town F.C.|Ipswich Town]], losing 3–0 and 4–0 respectively. Morecambe also defeated a few league clubs in the FA Cup, including [[Cambridge United F.C.|Cambridge United]] in 2000–01 and [[Chesterfield F.C.|Chesterfield]] in 2002–03.

In November 2005, [[Jim Harvey]] suffered a heart attack during a league game at Christie Park against [[Cambridge United F.C.|Cambridge United]]. The club quickly declared the appointment of a [[caretaker manager]], [[Sammy McIlroy]], a long-time friend of Harvey. After McIlroy's initial three-month stint as caretaker expired, he was given the job for the remainder of the season with Harvey expected to return on its closure. However, on his first day back as manager of Morecambe, Harvey was sacked by the club and McIlroy was appointed as permanent manager with Mark Lillis as his assistant. This caused a feud between long-time friends Harvey and McIlroy which has not been reconciled to this day.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}

In the absence of Harvey, Morecambe reached the Conference play-offs. They lost to [[Hereford United|Hereford]] 4–3 on aggregate, but McIlroy was appointed on a permanent basis in May 2006. The following season, Morecambe were promoted to the [[The Football League|Football League]] for the first time in their history after winning the [[2007 Conference National Playoff Final|Conference play-off final]], beating [[Exeter City F.C.|Exeter City]] 2–1 at [[Wembley Stadium|Wembley]] on 20 May 2007, in front of over 40,000 fans which followed their semi-final victory over York City.<ref name="Exeter 1-2 Morecambe">{{cite news
| title = Exeter 1–2 Morecambe
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_conf/6649837.stm
| publisher = BBC Sport
| date = 20 May 2007
| access-date = 20 May 2007}}</ref>

===Football League (2007–present)===
On 17 July 2007, Morecambe announced plans to move to a new stadium in time for the start of the 2009–10 season. Work did not commence on the proposed site until spring 2009, with an anticipated completion date of summer 2010.<ref name="New Stadium Planned">{{cite news
|title = New Stadium Planned
|url = http://www.morecambefc.com/newsarticle.php?subaction=showfull&id=1184676351&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
|publisher = Morecambe FC
|date = 17 July 2007
|access-date = 17 July 2007
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927012410/http://www.morecambefc.com/newsarticle.php?subaction=showfull&id=1184676351&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
|archive-date = 27 September 2007
}}</ref>

Morecambe played their first game in the Football League against [[Barnet F.C.|Barnet]] at [[Christie Park (Morecambe, England)|Christie Park]] in August 2007, in which they played out a 0–0 draw to secure their first ever [[Football League]] point.<ref name="Morecambe 0-0 Barnet">{{cite news
| title = Morecambe 0–0 Barnet
| url = http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_3/6931026.stm
| publisher = BBC Sport
| date = 11 August 2007
| access-date = 14 August 2007}}</ref> On 14 August 2007, Morecambe played their first fixture in the [[Football League Cup|League Cup]] and recorded a 2–1 win against near neighbours [[Preston North End F.C.|Preston North End]] at [[Deepdale]] with [[Jim Bentley]] and [[David Artell]] scoring for Morecambe.<ref name="Preston 1-2 Morecambe">{{cite news
| title = Preston 1–2 Morecambe
| url = http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/league_cup/6941882.stm
| publisher = BBC Sport
| date = 14 August 2007| access-date = 14 August 2007}}</ref> The Shrimps compounded this result with another upset win over a Championship side, a 3–1 win over [[Wolverhampton Wanderers]] on 28 August to advance into the third round of the League Cup, in which they faced a third consecutive Championship side, [[Sheffield United F.C.|Sheffield United]]. However, Morecambe lost 5 goals to 0. They finished their first season in League Two in 11th place with 60 points. They also finished the 2008–09 season in 11th, this time with 63 points.

2009–10 was Morecambe's last season at [[Christie Park (Morecambe, England)|Christie Park]]. They finished the season in fourth place, qualifying for the playoffs, where they lost 7–2 on aggregate to [[Dagenham & Redbridge F.C.|Dagenham & Redbridge]].
On 10 August 2010, Morecambe played their first match at the [[Globe Arena (football stadium)|Globe Arena]] against [[Football League Championship|Championship]] side [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]] in the League Cup First Round. Morecambe secured a 2–0 win, with [[Andrew Fleming (footballer)|Andy Fleming]] scoring the first two goals at the stadium. This earned Morecambe a Lancashire Derby in the second round against another Championship side, [[Burnley FC|Burnley]], where they lost 3–1. On 9 May 2011, Morecambe manager Sammy McIlroy left the club by mutual consent after five years at the helm.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/13338044|title=Manager Sammy McIlroy leaves Morecambe|date=2011-05-09|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2020-02-29|language=en-gb}}</ref> McIlroy, who took over as manager from Jim Harvey, had left the club alongside assistant Mark Lillis. Morecambe chairman Peter McGuigan praised the pair for their efforts since taking over, describing McIlroy as the "best manager in his reign at the club."

==== 2011–19: the Jim Bentley era====
On 13 May 2011, Jim Bentley was appointed, signing a two-year deal as player-manager.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/13389753|title=Morecambe appoint Jim Bentley as boss|date=2011-05-13|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2020-02-29|language=en-gb}}</ref> His first game as a professional manager was a 1–0 defeat at home to [[Barnet FC|Barnet]]. The Shrimps then went on a run of four wins in all competitions, including a 2–0 victory over [[Barnsley FC|Barnsley]] in the League Cup. After his first nine games in charge, Morecambe sat top of the league after winning six, drawing two and losing just once. Morecambe's defence at this time was crucial, conceding just five goals in nine games. However, this didn't last, as a poor end to the season led to Morecambe finishing 15th in League Two, still an improvement on the previous season. Jim Bentley's second season began with a 3–0 win over [[Exeter City F.C.|Exeter City]]. However, inconsistent performances once again resulted in them slipping into mid-table. During the [[2016–17 Morecambe F.C. season|2016–17]] season, Bentley received a two-match touchline ban and was fined £1,000, though Morecambe fans paid the fine.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Fisher|first=Ben|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/jan/08/morecambe-jim-bentley-supporters-pay-fa-charge|title=Morecambe supporters pay manager Jim Bentley's £1,000 FA fine|date=2017-01-08|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-02-29|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

==== 2019–present: the Derek Adams eras ====
Bentley left the club in October 2019 to take the manager's role at [[AFC Fylde]], having spent 16 months as the [[List of current Premier League and English Football League managers|longest serving manager]] in the top four tiers of English football.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44330380|title=Paul Tisdale leaves Exeter City after 12 years in charge of Devon club|date=2018-06-01|access-date=2019-08-25|language=en-GB}}</ref> In November 2019, Morecambe appointed [[Derek Adams]] as manager, signing him to a two-and-a-half year contract.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.morecambefc.com/news/2019/november/adams-named-as-new-morecambe-manager/|title=Derk Adams named as new manager|date=2019-11-07|website=www.morecambefc.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-02-29}}</ref> The remainder of the season, shortened by the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], saw the Shrimps finish 22nd after 37 games played, still enough to avoid relegation.

The [[2020–21 Morecambe F.C. season|2020–21]] season proved to be a banner year. Among other events, the season saw the club face two [[Premier League]] sides in various cup competitions, falling to [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/54190613 |title=Morecambe 0–7 Newcastle United |publisher=BBC Sport |date=23 September 2020 |access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref> in the third round of the [[EFL Cup]] and to [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] in the third round of the [[FA Cup]] at [[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|Stamford Bridge]];<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/55575484 |title=Chelsea 4–0 Morecambe |publisher=BBC Sport |date=10 January 2021 |access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref> the latter equaled their furthest run in the FA Cup since the early 2000s. The club also saw success in the league, qualifying for the [[2021 English Football League play-offs|League Two play-offs]] with 78 points, good enough for fourth in the league; they missed out on automatic promotion by a single point. Following a 3–2 aggregate win over [[Tranmere Rovers F.C.|Tranmere Rovers]] in the semi-final,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/57132083 |title=Morecambe 1–1 Tranmere Rovers |publisher=BBC Sport |date=23 May 2021 |access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref> the club confirmed a spot in the [[2021 English Football League play-offs|League Two play-off final]] for the first time in their history, where they faced [[Newport County A.F.C.|Newport County]]. On 31 May 2021, Morecambe beat Newport 1–0 in the [[2021 EFL League Two play-off Final|2021 League Two play-off final]] at [[Wembley Stadium]] after [[Carlos Mendes Gomes]] converted a penalty in the 107th minute, earning the Shrimps promotion to League One, the third tier of English football, for the first time in their history.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/57224523 |title=Morecambe 1–0 Newport County |author=Michael Pearlman |publisher=BBC Sport |date=31 May 2021 |access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref>

Adams resigned three days later, with the club stating that he had left "to pursue an opportunity elsewhere,"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.morecambefc.com/news/2021/june/club-statement/|title=Club Statement|date=2021-06-03|access-date=2021-06-04}}</ref> which proved to be the managerial job at [[Bradford City A.F.C.|Bradford City]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bradfordcityafc.com/news/2021/june/adams-unveiled-as-new-bantams-boss/ |title=Adams unveiled as new Bantams boss |publisher=Bradford City AFC |date=4 June 2021 |access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref>

In June 2021, the club announced that former [[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]] manager [[Stephen Robinson (footballer)|Stephen Robinson]] would take over as manager for the club's first season in League One.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.morecambefc.com/news/2021/june/stephen-robinson-announced-as-new-shrimps-boss/|title=Stephen Robinson Announced as New Shrimps Boss|date=2021-06-07|access-date=2021-06-07}}</ref> Their first game in League One was a 2–2 draw at [[Ipswich Town F.C.|Ipswich Town]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.morecambefc.com/matches/fixtures/first-team/202122/august/ipswich-town-vs-morecambe-on-07-aug-21/#report|title=Report: Ipswich Town 2–2 Shrimps|date=2021-08-07|access-date=2022-05-05}}</ref> Among the season's highlights, the club once again reached the third round of the [[2021–22 FA Cup|FA Cup]], and again faced a London-based [[Premier League]] side, this time [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]; after scoring the first goal, Morecambe were ultimately undone in the last 15 minutes by goals from [[Harry Kane]], [[Lucas Moura]], and [[Harry Winks]] and fell 3–1 at [[Tottenham Hotspur Stadium]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/59911421 |title=Tottenham Hotspur 3–1 Morecambe |publisher=BBC Sport |date=9 January 2022 |access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref>

However, with 32 games played in the season, Robinson left to take over at Scottish club [[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.morecambefc.com/news/2022/february/stephen-robinson-leaves-for-st.-mirren/|title=Stephen Robinson leaves for St. Mirren|date=2022-02-22|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> Goalkeeping coach Barry Roche served a game as caretaker manager before Adams returned as manager on a deal lasting until June 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.morecambefc.com/news/2022/february/derek-adams-returns/|title=Derek Adams returns|date=2022-02-24|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> Despite the club flirting with relegation, Adams once again managed to lead them out of the drop zone, with the Shrimps finishing 19th and securing League One status for a second consecutive season.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.morecambefc.com/matches/fixtures/first-team/202122/april/morecambe-vs-sunderland-on-30-apr-22/#report|title=Report: Shrimps 0–1 Sunderland AFC|date=2022-04-30|access-date=2022-05-01}}</ref>

In October 2022, Adams voiced worries about the future of the club; its owners, Bond Group Investments, had put the club up for sale in September 2022, with directors Jason Whittingham and Colin Goldring (both associated with the collapse of [[Worcester Warriors]] rugby union club) stepping down from the Shrimps' board.<ref name="BBC-06Oct2022">{{cite news |title=Morecambe boss Derek Adams 'worried' about the future of the club amid possible sale |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/63158579 |access-date=7 October 2022 |work=BBC Sport |date=6 October 2022}}</ref> In March 2023, players' wages were paid late, with funds invested by Sarbjot Johal, who was aiming to complete a takeover of the club, ultimately bridging the gap.<ref name="BBC-31Mar2023">{{cite news |title=Morecambe confirm March wages have been paid after delay |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65128322 |access-date=3 April 2023 |work=BBC Sport |date=31 March 2023}}</ref> However, uncertainty about the club's ownership continued into June 2023; Johal was also involved in negotiations to buy [[Wigan Athletic A.F.C.|Wigan Athletic]] and had not provided proof of sufficient funding.<ref name="BBC-06Jun2023">{{cite news |title=Sarbjot Johal: Wigan Athletic bid is from prospective Morecambe buyer |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65819539 |access-date=7 June 2023 |work=BBC Sport |date=6 June 2023}}</ref>

On 7 May 2023, Morecambe were relegated after being defeated by [[Exeter City F.C.|Exeter City]],<ref name="BBC-7May2023">{{cite news |title=Exeter City 3–2 Morecambe |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65439613 |access-date=7 May 2023 |work=BBC Sport |date=7 May 2023}}</ref> and will play in [[2023–24 EFL League Two|League Two]] in 2023–24. Following relegation, the Shrimps confirmed 14 players were leaving upon the expiry of their contracts, with no players offered new deals.<ref name="BBC-08May2023">{{cite news |title=Morecambe: Cole Stockton among 14 departures from relegated Shrimps |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65528503 |access-date=23 June 2023 |work=BBC Sport |date=8 May 2023}}</ref> In August 2023, Morecambe received a suspended three-point deduction for paying its players late in March.<ref name="BBC-21Aug2023">{{cite news |title=Morecambe get suspended three-point deduction for paying players late |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66573972 |access-date=21 August 2023 |work=BBC Sport |date=21 August 2023}}</ref>

==Kit and main sponsors==
Table of kit suppliers and shirt sponsors appear below:<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Morecambe/Morecambe.htm |title=Morecambe |publisher=Historical Football Kits |access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
!Period
!Kit Manufacturer
!Shirt Sponsor
|-
|1920–74
|
|
|-
|1974–78
| [[Umbro]]
|
|-
|1978–79
|rowspan=2|Litesome
|
|-
|1979–80
| Holmark
|-
|1981–82
| [[Adidas]]
| Mitchells
|-
|-
|1983–84
| Umbro
|John Wilding
|-
|1984–85
|
| MG Markets
|-
|1985–86
|
|rowspan=3|Carlton Caterers
|-
|1986–87
| [[Umbro]]
|-
|1987–88
|
|-
|1988–91
| [[Umbro]]
| Cvg
|-
|1992–93
|
| Mitchells
|-
|1993–94
| Asics
| Carleton Inn
|-
|1994–95
|
| Printing Machinery
|-
|1995–96
|rowspan=4|[[Pony International]]
| Ais Products
|-
|1996–97
| Lakesway
|-
|1997–98
| Oasis
|-
|1998–99
| Ambulink UK
|-
|1999–2000
|rowspan=5|[[Umbro]]
| Redman & Jones
|-
|2000–02
| Business Serve PLC
|-
|2002–04
| Thurnham Leisure Group
|-
|2004–07
| Wright & Lord Solicitors
|-
|2007–08
| Jiang Print
|-
|2008–09
|rowspan=2|[[Puma SE]]
| Mopay.co.uk
|-
|2009–12
| [[Bench.]]
|-
|2012–13
|rowspan=3|[[Fila (company)|Fila]]
| [[Carbrini]]
|-
|2013–14
| [[Blacks Leisure Group]]
|-
|2014–15
| [[Carbrini]]
|-
|2015–16
|rowspan=2|[[Carbrini]]
| [[JD Sports]]
|-
|2016–17
| Omega Holidays
|-
|2017–18
|rowspan=3|[[Macron (sportswear)|Macron]]
|rowspan=1|Purple Property Group
|-
|2018–19
|Bizloans4u
|-
|2019–21
|rowspan=1|Annapurna Recruitment<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.morecambefc.com/news/2019/may/record-morecambe-fc-kit-deal-announced/|title=Record kit deal announced|publisher=Morecambe F.C.|date=21 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.morecambefc.com/news/2020/may/centenary-kit-and-crest-revealed/|title = Centenary Kit & Crest Revealed}}</ref>
|-
|2021–23
|rowspan=2|[[Joma]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.morecambefc.com/news/2021/june/joma/|title=Record kit deal announced|publisher=Morecambe F.C.|date=14 June 2021}}</ref>
|rowspan=1|Mazuma<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.morecambefc.com/news/2021/june/mazuma-announced-as-front-of-shirt-sponsor/|title=Mazuma announced as front of shirt sponsor|publisher=Morecambe F.C.|date=18 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
|2023–24
|rowspan=1|Omnia<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.morecambefc.com/news/2023/july/omnia-become-new-front-of-shirt-sponsor/|title=Omnia become new front of shirt sponsor|publisher=Morecambe F.C.|date=8 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
{{end}}

===Mascot===
The Shrimps mascot is Christie the cat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.morecambefc.com/page/christiethecat |title=Morecambe | You can now follow Christie the Cat on Facebook |publisher=Morecambefc.com |access-date=8 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905231735/http://www.morecambefc.com/page/christiethecat |archive-date=5 September 2012 }}</ref> The cat was named after Morecambe's old Stadium, Christie Park.

==Rivalries==
Starting in the early 1990s, Morecambe have been engaged in a bitter rivalry with Lancashire neighbours [[Accrington Stanley]]. The Shrimps failed to beat Accrington in 16 attempts after their 2007 promotion to the Football League before [[Aaron Wildig]]'s goal gave them a 1–0 win over their rivals in August 2015.
Morecambe's other local rivals include [[Barrow A.F.C.|Barrow]], [[Lancaster City F.C.|Lancaster City]], [[Fleetwood Town F.C.|Fleetwood Town]], [[Kendal Town F.C.|Kendal Town]] and [[Southport F.C.|Southport]].

==Players==
===Current squad===
{{updated|31 August 2023}}<ref>{{cite web |title=First Team – Morecambe |url=https://www.morecambefc.com/teams/first-team/ |website=morecambefc.com |publisher=Morecambe F.C. |access-date=16 August 2019}}</ref>
{{fs start}}
{{fs player |no=1 |nat=ENG|pos=GK |name= [[Stuart Moore (footballer)|Stuart Moore]]}}
{{fs player |no=2 |nat=SCO |pos=DF |name=[[Donald Love]]|other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]]}}
{{fs player |no=3 |nat=ENG |pos=DF |name=[[David Tutonda]]}}
{{fs player |no=4 |nat=GRN |pos=DF |name=[[Jacob Bedeau]]}}
{{fs player |no=5 |nat=ENG |pos=DF |name=[[Farrend Rawson]]}}
{{fs player |no=6 |nat=CMR |pos=MF |name=[[Yann Songo'o]]}}
{{fs player |no=7 |nat=ENG |pos=FW |name=[[Tom Bloxham (footballer, born 2003)|Tom Bloxham]]|other=on loan from [[Shrewsbury Town F.C.|Shrewsbury Town]]}}
{{fs player |no=8 |nat=WAL |pos=MF |name=[[Eli King (footballer)|Eli King]]|other=on loan from [[Cardiff City F.C.|Cardiff City]]}}
{{fs player |no=9 |nat=SCO |pos=FW |name=[[Michael Mellon]]|other=on loan from [[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]]}}
{{fs player |no=10 |nat=ENG |pos=MF |name=[[JJ McKiernan]]}}
{{fs player |no=11 |nat=ENG |pos=FW |name=[[Adam Mayor]]}}
{{fs mid}}
{{fs player |no=12 |nat=ENG |pos=DF |name=[[Joel Senior (footballer, born 1999)|Joel Senior]]}}
{{fs player |no=14 |nat=ENG |pos=FW |name=[[Jordan Slew]]}}
{{fs player |no=15 |nat=ENG |pos=DF |name=[[Chris Stokes (footballer)|Chris Stokes]]}}
{{fs player |no=16 |nat=ENG |pos=MF |name=[[Jacob Davenport]]}}
{{fs player |no=17 |nat=SCO |pos=MF |name=[[Cammy Smith]]}}
{{fs player |no=18 |nat=ENG |pos=MF |name=[[Jake Taylor (footballer, born 1998)|Jake Taylor]]}}
{{fs player |no=19 |nat=ENG |pos=FW |name=[[Ethan Walker]]|other=on loan from [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]}}
{{fs player |no=20 |nat=ENG |pos=FW |name=[[Charlie Brown (footballer, born 1999)|Charlie Brown]]}}
{{fs player |no=21 |nat=ENG |pos=GK |name=[[Adam Smith (footballer, born 1992)|Adam Smith]]}}
{{fs player |no=22 |nat=WAL |pos=DF |name=[[James Connolly (footballer)|James Connolly]]|other=on loan from [[Bristol Rovers F.C.|Bristol Rovers]]}}
{{fs player |no=23 |nat=ENG |pos=DF |name=[[Max Melbourne]]}}
{{fs end}}

==Club staff==

=== Club personnel ===
<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.morecambefc.com/teams/backroom-staff/ |title=Backroom staff |publisher=Morecambe FC |access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Job title!!Name
|-
|'''Manager'''
|[[Derek Adams]]
|-
|'''Assistant manager'''
|[[John McMahon (footballer, born 1964)|John McMahon]]
|-
|'''1st Team Coach'''
|[[Ged Brannan ]]
|-
|'''Goalkeeper coach'''
|[[Barry Roche]]
|-
|'''Head of Medical and Performance'''
|Oliver Howse
|-
|'''Kit Man'''
|Les Dewhirst
|-
|'''Academy Manager'''
|[[Stewart Drummond]]
|-
|'''Head of Academy Coaching'''
|[[Neil Wainwright]]
|-
|'''Under 18s Manager'''
|Ollie Ras
|-
|'''Head of Recruitment'''
|[[Greg Strong]]
|-
|}

==Managerial history==
{{unsourced section|date=August 2023}}
Since 1947 to present

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Dates
!Name
!Notes
|-
| 1947–48
| {{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Jimmy Milne (footballer, born 1911)|Jimmy Milne]]
|
|-
| 1955–56
| {{flagicon|England}} Albert Dainty
|
|-
| 1956–61
| {{flagicon|England}} Ken Horton
|
|-
| 1961–64
| {{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Joe Dunn (footballer)|Joe Dunn]]
|
|-
| 1964–65
| {{flagicon|England}} [[Geoff Twentyman]]
|
|-
| 1965–69
| {{flagicon|England}} [[Ken Waterhouse]]
|
|-
| 1969–70
| {{flagicon|England}} [[Ronnie Clayton (footballer, born 1934)|Ronnie Clayton]]
|
|-
| 1970
| Gerry Irving and Ronnie Mitchell
|
|-
| 1970–72
| {{flagicon|England}} [[Ken Waterhouse]]
|
|-
| 1972–75
| Dave Roberts
|Player manager. Won [[FA Trophy]] at [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley]] in [[1973–74 FA Trophy|1974]]
|-
| 1976–77
| Johnny Johnson
|
|-
| 1977–78
| Tommy Ferber
|
|-
| 1978–79
| Mick Hogarth
|
|-
| 1979–81
| Don Cubbage
|
|-
| 1981
| {{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Jim Thomson (footballer, born 1946)|Jim Thomson]]
|
|-
| 1981–84
| Les Rigby
|
|-
| 1984–85
| Sean Gallagher
|
|-
| 1985–88
| Joe Wojciechowicz
|
|-
| 1988–89
| {{flagicon|England}} [[Billy Wright (footballer born 1958)|Billy Wright]]
|
|-
| 1989–93
| {{flagicon|England}} [[Bryan Griffiths (footballer, born 1939)|Bryan Griffiths]]
|
|-
| 1994
| {{flagicon|Wales}} [[Leighton James]]
|
|-
| 1994–2005
| {{flagicon|Northern Ireland}} [[Jim Harvey]]
|Won promotion to the [[National League (division)|Conference]] from the [[Northern Premier League]] in [[1994–95 Northern Premier League|1995]]
|-
| 2005–11{{refn|group=n|Caretaker manager for his first six months.}}
| {{flagicon|Northern Ireland}} [[Sammy McIlroy]]
|Won promotion to the [[English Football League|Football League]] from the [[National League (division)|Conference]] in [[2007 Conference National play-off Final|2007]]
|-
| 2011–19
| {{flagicon|England}} [[Jim Bentley]]
|
|-
| 2019
| {{flagicon|England}} [[Kevin Ellison (footballer)|Kevin Ellison]] & {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Barry Roche]]
|Joint caretaker player managers (two matches)
|-
|2019–21
| {{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Derek Adams]]
|Won promotion to [[EFL League One|League One]] from [[EFL League Two|League Two]] in [[2021 EFL League Two play-off Final|2021]]
|-
|2021–22
| {{flagicon|Northern Ireland}} [[Stephen Robinson (footballer)|Stephen Robinson]]
|-
| 2022
| {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Barry Roche]]
|Caretaker player manager (one match)
|-
|2022–
| {{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Derek Adams]]
|}

==Honours==
'''League'''
*[[EFL League Two|League Two]] (level 4)
**Play-off winners: [[2021 EFL League Two play-off final|2021]]

*[[National League (division)|Conference National]] (level 5)
**Play-off winners: [[2007 Conference National play-off final|2007]]

*[[Northern Premier League]] (level 6)
**Runners-up and promoted: [[1994–95 Northern Premier League|1994–95]]

*[[Lancashire Combination]]
**Champions (5): 1924–25, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1966–67, [[1967–68 Lancashire Combination|1967–68]]

'''Cup'''
*[[FA Trophy]]
**Winners: [[1973–74 FA Trophy|1973–74]]

*[[Conference League Cup]]
**Winners: 1997–98

*[[Northern Premier League President's Cup]]
**Winners: 1991–92

*[[Lancashire Senior Cup]]
**Winners: 1967–68

*[[Lancashire FA Challenge Trophy]]
**Winners (11): 1925–26, 1926–27, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1968–69, 1985–86, 1986–7, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99, 2003–04

*Lancashire Combination Cup
**Winners (5): 1926–27, 1945–46, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1967–68

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|30em|group=n}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*{{fchd |id=MORECAMB |name=Morecambe }}

{{Morecambe F.C.}}
{{Football League Two}}
{{City of Lancaster}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Morecambe F.C.| ]]
[[Category:Association football clubs established in 1920]]
[[Category:1920 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Football clubs in Lancashire]]
[[Category:Football clubs in England]]
[[Category:Sport in the City of Lancaster]]
[[Category:Lancashire Combination]]
[[Category:Northern Premier League clubs]]
[[Category:National League (English football) clubs]]
[[Category:English Football League clubs]]

2022 FA Community Shield

2023-09-16T15:35:43Z

Tjmj: Clear Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters

{{Short description|Association football championship match}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox football match
| title = 2022 FA Community Shield
| image = File:2022 Community Sheild Programme Cover.jpg
| image_size = frameless
| caption = The [[Football programme|match programme]] cover
| team1 = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]
| team1score = 3
| team2 = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]
| team2score = 1
| date = 30 July 2022
| venue = [[King Power Stadium]]
| city = [[Leicester]]
| attendance = 28,545<ref name="attendance2022FA"/>
| man_of_the_match1a = [[Darwin Núñez]] (Liverpool)<ref name="MOTM">{{cite news|title=Liverpool 3–1 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/62275194|first=Shamoon|last=Hafez|work=BBC Sport|publisher=BBC|date=30 July 2022|access-date=30 July 2022}}</ref>
| referee = [[Craig Pawson]] ([[Sheffield & Hallamshire County Football Association|Sheffield & Hallamshire]])<ref name="match officials">{{cite news |title=Craig Pawson to referee Liverpool v Manchester City in FA Community Shield |url=https://www.thefa.com/news/2022/jul/05/fa-community-shield-match-officials-confirmed-20220507 |website=TheFA.com |publisher=The Football Association |date=5 July 2022 |accessdate=29 July 2022 }}</ref>
| previous = [[2021 FA Community Shield|2021]]
| next = [[2023 FA Community Shield|2023]]
}}
The '''2022 FA Community Shield''' was the [[List of FA Community Shield matches|100th FA Community Shield]], an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's [[2021–22 Premier League|Premier League]] and the winners of the previous season's [[2021–22 FA Cup|FA Cup]]. It was played on 30 July 2022, with [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] defeating [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] 3–1 for their 16th FA Community Shield title, the first in [[2006 FA Community Shield|16 years]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nunez scores as Liverpool win Community Shield |language=en-GB |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/62275194 |access-date=2022-07-30}}</ref>

Due to the hosting of the [[UEFA Women's Euro 2022 final]], the match took place away from the usual [[Wembley Stadium]] for the first time in 10 years, and was instead played at [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]]'s [[King Power Stadium]].<ref name="Talksport">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2022 |title=Leicester set to host Community Shield with curtain-raiser to be moved from Wembley |url=https://talksport.com/football/fa-cup/1100157/leicester-king-power-stadium-community-shield-wembley/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=talkSPORT }}</ref> With the match played at the much-reduced capacity of Leicester City's stadium, there were 28,545 spectators, the lowest number for a Charity Shield or Community Shield game since 23,988 watched [[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]] beat Manchester City 1–0 at [[Maine Road]] in [[1973 FA Charity Shield|1973]].<ref name="attendance2022FA"/>

The game was televised live in the United Kingdom on [[ITV (TV channel)|ITV]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BT Sport loses FA Cup rights to ITV from 2021 |url=https://www.sportsmole.co.uk/off-the-pitch/fa-cup/news/bt-sport-loses-fa-cup-rights-to-itv-from-2021_360081.html |access-date=16 May 2022 |website=Sports Mole }}</ref>

==Background==
{{Main|2021–22 Liverpool F.C. season|2021–22 Manchester City F.C. season}}
Liverpool obtained their FA Community Shield position by virtue of their victory in the 2021–22 FA Cup, having defeated [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] 6–5 on penalties following a 0–0 draw [[Overtime (sports)#Association football|a.e.t.]] in the [[2022 FA Cup Final|final]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Robson |first=James |last2=Verri |first2=Matt |date=14 May 2022 |title=Chelsea vs Liverpool: FA Cup final – LIVE! |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/chelsea-fc-vs-liverpool-live-stream-fa-cup-final-2022-latest-score-result-watch-tv-team-news-b1000017.html |access-date=14 May 2022 |website=Evening Standard }}</ref> Manchester City won their spot after winning the 2021–22 Premier League. This was a rematch of the [[2019 FA Community Shield|2019 Community Shield]], which Manchester City had won on penalties.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2019/aug/04/liverpool-v-manchester-city-community-shield-live|title = Liverpool 1 Man City 1 (Man city win 5-4 on penalties): as it happened|date=4 August 2019|work=Guardian|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref>

==Match==
===Summary===
In the 21st minute, [[Mohamed Salah]] passed to [[Trent Alexander-Arnold]] from the right and he opened the scoring with a curling effort from the edge of the box which took a slight deflection off [[Nathan Aké]] and nestled in the left corner of the net. With twenty minutes to go, Manchester City equalised when [[Julián Álvarez (footballer)|Julián Álvarez]] scored by poking the ball into the net from close range after Liverpool goalkeeper [[Adrián (footballer)|Adrián]] had initially saved a shot from substitute [[Phil Foden]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2022/jul/30/manchester-city-v-liverpool-community-shield-live|title=Liverpool 3 Man City 1: As it happened|date=30 July 2022|work=The Guardian|access-date=10 August 2022}}</ref> The goal was awarded after a lengthy VAR check. With seven minutes left, Liverpool were awarded a penalty after [[Rúben Dias]] had handled a header from substitute [[Darwin Núñez]] with his right hand inside the penalty area. Salah scored the penalty with a low shot to the right corner.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12661442/liverpool-3-1-man-city-darwin-nunezs-dramatic-late-cameo-helps-reds-to-community-shield-win|title=Liverpool 3–1 Man City: Darwin Nunez's dramatic late cameo helps Reds to Community Shield win|date=30 July 2022|work=Sky Sports|access-date=10 August 2022}}</ref> In the fourth minute of injury time, Núñez made it 3–1 when he stooped low to head the ball to the net after the ball was headed down to him from the left by [[Andrew Robertson]] after an initial cross from the right by Salah.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/live/football/61587053|title=Liverpool 3 Man City 1: Live|date=30 July 2022|work=BBC Sport|access-date=10 August 2022}}</ref>

===Details===
<onlyinclude>{{Football box
| date = {{Start date|2022|7|30|df=y}}
| time = 17:00 [[British Summer Time|BST]]
| team1 = [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]
| score = 3–1
| report = https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62275194
| team2 = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]
| goals1 =
*[[Trent Alexander-Arnold|Alexander-Arnold]] {{goal|21}}
*[[Mohamed Salah|Salah]] {{goal|83|pen.}}
*[[Darwin Núñez|Núñez]] {{goal|90+4}}
| goals2 =
*[[Julián Álvarez (footballer)|Álvarez]] {{goal|70}}
| stadium = [[King Power Stadium]], [[Leicester]]
| attendance = 28,545<ref name="attendance2022FA">{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/635246|title=Liverpool vs. Manchester City – Football Match Summary – July 30, 2022 – ESPN|website=ESPN.com|date=30 July 2022|access-date=10 August 2022}}</ref>
| referee = [[Craig Pawson]] ([[Sheffield & Hallamshire County Football Association|Sheffield & Hallamshire]])
}}</onlyinclude>

{| width=92%
|-
|{{Football kit
|pattern_la = _liverpool2223H
|pattern_b = _liverpool2223h
|pattern_ra = _liverpool2223H
|pattern_sh =
|pattern_so =
|leftarm = E00000
|body = E00000
|rightarm = E00000
|shorts = E00000
|socks = E00000
|title = Liverpool
}}
|{{Football kit
|pattern_la = _mancity2223H
|pattern_b = _mancity2223H
|pattern_ra = _mancity2223H
|pattern_sh = _mancity2223h
|pattern_so = _mancity2223hl
|leftarm = 77BBFF
|body = 77BBFF
|rightarm = 77BBFF
|shorts = FFFFFF
|socks = 77BBFF
|title = {{nowrap|Manchester City}}
}}
|}

{| width="100%"
|valign="top" width="40%"|
{| style="font-size:90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK ||'''13'''||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Adrián (footballer)|Adrián]]
|-
|RB ||'''66'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Trent Alexander-Arnold]] || || {{suboff|74}}
|-
|CB ||'''32'''||{{flagicon|CMR}} [[Joël Matip]]
|-
|CB ||'''4''' ||{{flagicon|NED}} [[Virgil van Dijk]]
|-
|LB ||'''26'''||{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Andrew Robertson]]
|-
|CM ||'''14'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Jordan Henderson]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]]) || || {{suboff|73}}
|-
|CM ||'''3''' ||{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Fabinho (footballer, born 1993)|Fabinho]]
|-
|CM ||'''6''' ||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Thiago Alcântara|Thiago]] || || {{suboff|85}}
|-
|RF ||'''11'''||{{flagicon|EGY}} [[Mohamed Salah]] || || {{suboff|90+5}}
|-
|CF ||'''9''' ||{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Roberto Firmino]] || || {{suboff|59}}
|-
|LF ||'''23'''||{{flagicon|COL}} [[Luis Díaz (footballer, born 1997)|Luis Díaz]] || || {{suboff|90}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|GK ||'''95'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Harvey Davies]]
|-
|DF ||'''2''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Joe Gomez (footballer)|Joe Gomez]]
|-
|DF ||'''5''' ||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Ibrahima Konaté]]
|-
|MF ||'''7''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[James Milner]] || || {{subon|74}}
|-
|MF ||'''8''' ||{{flagicon|GUI}} [[Naby Keïta]] || || {{subon|85}}
|-
|MF ||'''17'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Curtis Jones (footballer)|Curtis Jones]] || || {{subon|90+5}}
|-
|MF ||'''19'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Harvey Elliott]] || || {{subon|73}}
|-
|FW ||'''27'''||{{flagicon|URU}} [[Darwin Núñez]] || {{yel|90+5}} || {{subon|59}}
|-
|FW ||'''28'''||{{flagicon|POR}} [[Fábio Carvalho (footballer, born 2002)|Fábio Carvalho]] || || {{subon|90}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Manager:'''
|-
|colspan=3|{{flagicon|GER}} [[Jürgen Klopp]]
|}
|valign="top"|[[File:Liverpool vs Manchester City 2022-07-30.svg|300px]]
|valign="top" width="50%"|
{| style="font-size:90%; margin:auto" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK ||'''31'''||{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Ederson (footballer, born 1993)|Ederson]]
|-
|RB ||'''2''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Kyle Walker]]
|-
|CB ||'''3''' ||{{flagicon|POR}} [[Rúben Dias]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]]) || {{yel|83}}
|-
|CB ||'''6''' ||{{flagicon|NED}} [[Nathan Aké]]
|-
|LB ||'''7''' ||{{flagicon|POR}} [[João Cancelo]]
|-
|CM ||'''17'''||{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Kevin De Bruyne]] || || {{suboff|73}}
|-
|CM ||'''16'''||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Rodri (footballer, born 1996)|Rodri]]
|-
|CM ||'''20'''||{{flagicon|POR}} [[Bernardo Silva]]
|-
|RF ||'''26'''||{{flagicon|ALG}} [[Riyad Mahrez]] || || {{suboff|58}}
|-
|CF ||'''9''' ||{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Erling Haaland]]
|-
|LF ||'''10'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Jack Grealish]] || || {{suboff|58}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|GK ||'''18'''||{{flagicon|GER}} [[Stefan Ortega]]
|-
|DF ||'''5''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[John Stones]]
|-
|DF ||'''79'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Luke Mbete]]
|-
|DF ||'''97'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Josh Wilson-Esbrand]]
|-
|MF ||'''4''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Kalvin Phillips]]
|-
|MF ||'''8''' ||{{flagicon|GER}} [[İlkay Gündoğan]] || || {{subon|73}}
|-
|MF ||'''47'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Phil Foden]] || || {{subon|58}}
|-
|MF ||'''80'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Cole Palmer]]
|-
|FW ||'''19'''||{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Julián Álvarez (footballer)|Julián Álvarez]] || || {{subon|58}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Manager:'''
|-
|colspan=3|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Pep Guardiola]]
|}
|}

{| width=100% style="font-size:90%"
|
'''Man of the Match:'''
 [[Darwin Núñez]] (Liverpool)<ref name="MOTM"/>

'''[[Assistant referee (association football)|Assistant referees]]:'''<ref name="match officials"/>
 Harry Lennard ([[Sussex County Football Association|Sussex]])
 Nick Hopton ([[Derbyshire County Football Association|Derbyshire]])
 '''[[Assistant referee (association football)#Fourth official|Fourth official]]:'''<ref name="match officials"/>
 [[Darren England]] ([[Sheffield & Hallamshire County Football Association|Sheffield & Hallamshire]])
 '''[[Assistant referee (association football)#Reserve assistant referee|Reserve assistant referee]]:'''<ref name="match officials"/>
 Tim Wood ([[Gloucestershire County Football Association|Gloucestershire]])
 '''[[Video assistant referee]]:'''<ref name="match officials"/>
 [[John Brooks (referee)|John Brooks]] ([[Leicestershire and Rutland County Football Association|Leicestershire]])
 '''[[Video assistant referee#Assistant video assistant referee|Assistant video assistant referee]]:'''<ref name="match officials"/>
 Lee Betts ([[Norfolk County Football Association|Norfolk]])
|style="width:60%; vertical-align:top;"|
'''Match rules'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Rules of the Football Association Community Shield |url=https://www.thefa.com/~/media/978792AF8BBE4927AA4583437A7DF882.ashx |format=PDF |website=TheFA.com |publisher=The Football Association |access-date=6 August 2017}}</ref>
*90 minutes
*[[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|Penalty shoot-out]] if scores still level
*Nine named substitutes, of which six may be used
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{FA Community Shield}}
{{2022–23 in English men's football}}
{{2022–23 in European football (UEFA)}}
{{Liverpool F.C. matches}}
{{Manchester City F.C. matches}}

[[Category:FA Community Shield]]
[[Category:2022–23 in English football|Community Shield]]
[[Category:Liverpool F.C. matches|Community Shield 2022]]
[[Category:Manchester City F.C. matches|Community Shield 2022]]
[[Category:July 2022 sports events in the United Kingdom|Community Shield]]
[[Category:Sport in Leicester]]

Template talk:Football kit

2023-09-09T17:43:56Z

Tjmj: /* Edit request {{subst:#time:j F Y}} */ new section

{{talkheader|noarchive=yes}}
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== Gloucester City 2010/11 home kit ==

Could someone possibly make me the new Gloucester City home kit? I've tried but it's quite difficult.

(http://www.samba-soccer.co.uk/_content/gloucester_home.jpg)

—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:simonclark|simonclark]] ([[User talk:simonclark|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/simonclark|contribs]]) 19.48, 28 July 2010

== Rushden & Diamonds 09/10 kit ==

Could someone please make me the new Rushden & Diamonds home kit?

[http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Rushden_and_Diamonds/Rushden_and_Diamonds.htm This is the new home shirt]
—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:MadDogRDFC|MadDogRDFC]] ([[User talk:MadDogRDFC|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/MadDogRDFC|contribs]]) 02:34, 23 September 2009
{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Rushden & Diamonds
| fullname = Rushden & Diamonds Football Club
| image =
| nickname = The Diamonds
| founded = 1992
| dissolved = 2011
| ground = [[Nene Park]] [[Irthlingborough]]
| capacity = 6,441 (4,641 seated)
|
|
|
| season = 2009-10
| position =
| pattern_la1 = _red_blue_stripes
| pattern_b1 = _whiteredstriped_sides
| pattern_ra1 = _red_blue_stripes
| pattern_sh1 = _thinred stripes
| pattern_so1 = _blackline
| leftarm1 = ffffff
| body1 = ffffff
| rightarm1 = ffffff
| shorts1 = 0000ff
| socks1 = ffffff
}}
Look right... is that OK?

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== AFC Whyteleafe Kit 22/23 ==

Hello, is anybody able to produce this kit (but with green shorts) please? Tried using Coventry City's from 2019/20 as a template but I think it's stored as a standalone design. The green is 1f714b

https://scefl.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/AFC-Whyteleafe-CrayfordMedia-1024x682.jpg

Thanks in advance! [[User:Daniel.thomas88|Daniel.thomas88]] ([[User talk:Daniel.thomas88|talk]]) 10:57, 16 September 2022 (UTC)

== Kit sponsors ==

Can I add sponsors to the kits?
I want design to add it — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/140.213.7.206|140.213.7.206]] ([[User talk:140.213.7.206#top|talk]]) 12:28, 24 November 2022 (UTC) 

== Edit request 9 September 2023 ==

{{Edit template-protected|answered=}}

'''Description of suggested change:'''
Would like to add preview warning messages to help with debugging non-existant files. Kindly refer to {{tl|Football kit/sandbox}}. Modified the end of the template so that a preview warning message will appear when the file does not exist. Otherwise, it is quite difficult to debug pages found in [[:Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters]]. It is not obvious which file is causing the error.

Sometimes it is just an uppercase or lowercase letter that is causing the error. A search using {{tl|Search link}} will help to identify that easily.

'''Modified code:'''

<code><nowiki></div>{{#if: {{{pattern_la|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit left arm{{{pattern_la}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} || {{Preview warning|1=pattern_la="{{{pattern_la}}}", filetype="{{{filetype|png}}}" → {{Search link|File:Kit left arm{{{pattern_la}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} }} does not exist.}} }} }}{{#if: {{{pattern_b|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit body{{{pattern_b}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} || {{Preview warning|1=pattern_b="{{{pattern_b}}}", filetype="{{{filetype|png}}}" → {{Search link|File:Kit body{{{pattern_b}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} }} does not exist.}} }} }}{{#if: {{{pattern_ra|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit right arm{{{pattern_ra}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} || {{Preview warning|1=pattern_ra="{{{pattern_ra}}}", filetype="{{{filetype|png}}}" → {{Search link|File:Kit right arm{{{pattern_ra}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} }} does not exist.}} }} }}{{#if: {{{pattern_sh|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit shorts{{{pattern_sh}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} || {{Preview warning|1=pattern_sh="{{{pattern_sh}}}", filetype="{{{filetype|png}}}" → {{Search link|File:Kit shorts{{{pattern_sh}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} }} does not exist.}} }} }}{{#if: {{{pattern_so|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit socks{{{pattern_so}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} || {{Preview warning|1=pattern_so="{{{pattern_so}}}", filetype="{{{filetype|png}}}" → {{Search link|File:Kit socks{{{pattern_so}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} }} does not exist.}} }} }}<noinclude></nowiki></code>

--[[User:Tjmj|Tjmj]] ([[User talk:Tjmj|talk]]) 17:43, 9 September 2023 (UTC)

Template:Football kit/sandbox

2023-09-09T17:26:48Z

Tjmj: add in preview warning for debugging purposes

<div style="width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;">
<div style="position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: {{#ifeq:{{{socks|}}}|none|95|135}}px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;">


<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #{{{leftarm}}};">{{#if: {{{pattern_la|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit left arm{{{pattern_la}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} | [[File:Kit left arm{{{pattern_la}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top|link=|alt={{{alt|}}}|Team colours]] | [[Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters]] }} }}</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit left arm.svg|top|link=|{{#if: {{{pattern_la|}}}|alt=|alt={{{alt|}}}{{!}}Team colours}}]]</div>


<div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #{{{body}}};">{{#if: {{{pattern_b|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit body{{{pattern_b}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} | [[File:Kit body{{{pattern_b}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top|link=|alt=]] | [[Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters]] }}| }}</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit body.svg|top|link=|alt=]]</div>


<div style="position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #{{{rightarm}}};">{{#if: {{{pattern_ra|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit right arm{{{pattern_ra}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} | [[File:Kit right arm{{{pattern_ra}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top|link=|alt=]] | [[Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters]] }}| }}</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;">[[File:Kit right arm.svg|top|link=|alt=]]</div>


<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #{{{shorts}}}">{{#if: {{{pattern_sh|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit shorts{{{pattern_sh}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} | [[File:Kit shorts{{{pattern_sh}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top|link=|alt=]] | [[Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters]] }}| }}</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;">[[File:Kit shorts.svg|top|link=|alt=]]</div>

{{#ifeq:{{{socks|}}}|none||
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #{{{socks}}}">{{#if: {{{pattern_so|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit socks{{{pattern_so}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} | [[File:Kit socks{{{pattern_so}}}.{{{filetype|png}}}|top|link=|alt=]] | [[Category:Pages using football kit with incorrect pattern parameters]] }}| }}</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;">[[File:Kit socks long.svg|top|link=|alt=]]</div>}}

</div>

{{#if: {{{title|}}}|<div style="padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;">'''{{{title}}}'''</div>|}}
</div>{{#if: {{{pattern_la|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit left arm{{{pattern_la}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} || {{Preview warning|1=pattern_la="{{{pattern_la}}}", filetype="{{{filetype|png}}}" → {{Search link|File:Kit left arm{{{pattern_la}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} }} does not exist.}} }} }}{{#if: {{{pattern_b|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit body{{{pattern_b}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} || {{Preview warning|1=pattern_b="{{{pattern_b}}}", filetype="{{{filetype|png}}}" → {{Search link|File:Kit body{{{pattern_b}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} }} does not exist.}} }} }}{{#if: {{{pattern_ra|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit right arm{{{pattern_ra}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} || {{Preview warning|1=pattern_ra="{{{pattern_ra}}}", filetype="{{{filetype|png}}}" → {{Search link|File:Kit right arm{{{pattern_ra}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} }} does not exist.}} }} }}{{#if: {{{pattern_sh|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit shorts{{{pattern_sh}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} || {{Preview warning|1=pattern_sh="{{{pattern_sh}}}", filetype="{{{filetype|png}}}" → {{Search link|File:Kit shorts{{{pattern_sh}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} }} does not exist.}} }} }}{{#if: {{{pattern_so|}}}|{{#ifexist:Media:Kit socks{{{pattern_so}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} || {{Preview warning|1=pattern_so="{{{pattern_so}}}", filetype="{{{filetype|png}}}" → {{Search link|File:Kit socks{{{pattern_so}}}.{{{filetype|png}}} }} does not exist.}} }} }}<noinclude>
{{documentation}}
</noinclude>

Rote Raben Vilsbiburg

2023-09-09T08:32:57Z

Tjmj: Clear Category:Pages using infobox sports team with unknown parameters

{{refimprove|date=August 2021}}

{{short description|German women's volleyball team}}
{{Infobox sports team
|name = Rote Raben Vilsbiburg
|logo =
|association = [[German Volleyball Association]]
|founded = 1971
|location = Seyboldsdorfer Str. 20 84137 [[Vilsbiburg]]
|manager = André Wehnert
|website = {{URL|http://RoteRaben.de}}
|league = [[German Women's Volleyball League]]
|ballpark = Ball sports hall
|coach = [[Florian Völker]]
|blank_label = Assistant Coaches
|blank_data = Rebekka Maria Schneider, Andreas Häußler, Akis Efstathopoulos
|championships = 2005, 2006 Deutscher Vizemeister 2008 Deutscher Meister 2009 DVV-Pokalsieger 2009 Deutscher Vizemeister 2010 Deutscher Meister 2012 DVV-Pokalfinalist 2014 DVV-Pokalsieger 2014 Deutscher Vizemeister
|last_season = Bundesliga-Fünfter, Playoff-Viertelfinale
}}

[[File:2017-03-18 Rote Raben Vilsbiburg by Sandro Halank.jpg|left|thumb|RRV in 2017]]
'''Rote Raben Vilsbiburg''' (Red Ravens) is a German women's volleyball team based in [[Vilsbiburg]], [[Bavaria]]. The team competes in the [[German Women's Volleyball League|Bundesliga]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Zuschauerrekord des Jahrtausends!|periodical=|publisher=Allianz MTV Stuttgart|url=http://www.allianz-mtv-stuttgart.de/news/article/zuschauerrekord-des-jahrtausends/|format=|access-date=2016-04-29|last=|date=2016-04-29|year=|language=|pages=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501125414/http://www.allianz-mtv-stuttgart.de/news/article/zuschauerrekord-des-jahrtausends/ |archive-date=2016-05-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.volleyball-bundesliga.de/cms/home/1blf/1blf_scoresstats/1blf_tabelle/1blf_normal.xhtml|title=Hauptrunde - VBL|website=www.volleyball-bundesliga.de}}</ref> and has been national champion two times (2008, 2010) and DVV-Pokal cup winner two times (2009, 2014).

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website}}

{{authority control}}

{{Volleyball-team-stub}}
[[Category:Volleyball clubs in Germany]]
[[Category:Sport in Bavaria]]
[[Category:Women's volleyball in Germany]]
[[Category:Landshut]]
[[Category:Volleyball clubs established in 1971]]
[[Category:1971 establishments in West Germany]]

YoungBoy Never Broke Again discography

2023-09-09T08:22:42Z

Tjmj: Clear Category:Pages using infobox artist discography with unknown parameters

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox artist discography
| Artist = [[YoungBoy Never Broke Again]]
| Image = YOUNG-BOY-NEVER-BROKE-AGAIN-2017.png
| Caption = YoungBoy Never Broke Again performing in 2017
| Alt =
| Studio = 6
| Compilation = 3
| EP = 3
| Singles = 102
| Option name = Mixtapes
| Option = 26
}}

The discography of American rapper [[YoungBoy Never Broke Again]] consists of six [[studio album]]s, three [[compilation album]]s, 26 [[mixtape]]s (including six collaborative mixtapes), three [[extended play|extended plays]], and 102 [[Single (music)|singles]] (including twenty three as a featured artist).

==Albums==
===Studio albums===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+ List of studio albums, with selected chart positions and certifications
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:13em;"| Title
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:18em;"| Details
! scope="col" colspan="9" | Peak chart positions
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:10em"| [[List of music recording certifications|Certifications]]
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard 200|US]] <ref name="BB200" />
! scope="col" style="width:3.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|US R&B/HH]] <ref name=RBHHA />
! scope="col" style="width:3.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Rap Albums|US Rap]] <ref name="Rap Albums">{{Cite magazine|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again Chart History: Rap Albums|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/youngboy-never-broke-again/chart-history/rlp/|access-date=May 23, 2023|magazine=Billboard}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Ultratop|BEL]] <ref name="BEL">{{cite web|title=Discografie YoungBoy Never Broke Again|url=https://www.ultratop.be/nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Youngboy+Never+Broke+Again|access-date=29 September 2022|publisher=[[Ultratop]]|language=nl}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Canadian Albums Chart|CAN]] <ref name="CANA">{{cite magazine|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again – Chart history (Canadian Albums)|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/youngboy-never-broke-again/chart-history/cna/|access-date=May 2, 2023|magazine=Billboard}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Dutch Album Top 100|NLD]] <ref name="NLD">{{Cite web|url=https://dutchcharts.nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=YoungBoy+Never+Broke+Again|title=Discografie YoungBoy Never Broke Again|website=dutchcharts.nl|access-date=August 13, 2022}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]] <ref name="FRA">{{cite web |url=https://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=YoungBoy+Never+Broke+Again|title=Discographie YoungBoy Never Broke Again|access-date=September 29, 2022}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[VG-lista|NOR]] <ref name="NOR">{{cite web|title=Discography YoungBoy Never Broke Again|url=https://norwegiancharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=YoungBoy+Never+Broke+Again|access-date=29 September 2022|website=norwegiancharts.com}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[UK Albums Chart|UK]] <ref name="UKAC">{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/53516/youngboy-never-broke-again/|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again {{!}} full Official Chart history|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|access-date=October 19, 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Until Death Call My Name]]''
|
* Released: April 27, 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/2018/04/youngboy-never-broke-again-until-death-call-my-name-album-stream|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again Drops New Album ''Until Death Call My Name''|last=Espinoza|first=Joshua|work=[[Complex Networks|Complex]]|date=April 27, 2018|access-date=April 15, 2023}}</ref>
* Label: [[Never Broke Again]], [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]
* Format: [[Music download|digital download]], [[Streaming media|streaming]]
| 7 || 5 || 4 || — || 38 || 151 || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA">{{cite certification|region=United States|artist=YoungBoy Never Broke Again|access-date=August 5, 2022}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Top (album)|Top]]''
|
* Released: September 11, 2020<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9452588/youngboy-never-broke-again-top-billboard-200-number-one|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again Achieves Third No. 1 Album in Less Than a Year on the Billboard 200 Chart With ''Top''|last=Caulfield|first=Keith|magazine=Billboard|date=September 20, 2020|access-date=April 15, 2023}}</ref>
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: [[Compact disc|CD]] (Limited), [[LP record|LP]], Digital download, streaming
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 167 || 4 || 50 || 146 || — || 62
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Sincerely, Kentrell]]''
|
* Released: September 24, 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9640259/youngboy-never-broke-again-sincerely-kentrell-billboard-200/|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again Earns Fourth No. 1 Album on Billboard 200 With 'Sincerely, Kentrell'|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|author=Keith Caulfield|date=October 4, 2021|accessdate=April 15, 2023}}</ref>
* Labels: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: CD, LP, Digital download, streaming
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 154 || 8 || 46 || 168 || 39 || 47
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[The Last Slimeto]]''
|
* Released: August 5, 2022<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/nba-youngboy-last-slimeto-number-1-rb-hip-hop-albums-chart/|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again's ''Last Slimeto'' Takes First Place on Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums Chart|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|author=Trevor Anderson|date=August 18, 2022|accessdate=April 15, 2023}}</ref>
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Formats: CD, LP, digital download, streaming
| 2 || 1 || 1 || — || 12 || 92 || — || — || 87
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA"/>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[I Rest My Case]]''
|
* Released: January 6, 2023<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/youngboy-never-broke-again-album-cover-i-rest-my-case-release-date-1235193728/|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again's New Album ''I Rest My Case'' Release Date & Cover Revealed|last=Mamo|first=Heran|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=January 3, 2023|access-date=January 4, 2023}}</ref>
* Label: Never Broke Again, [[Motown]], [[Universal Music Group|UMG]]
* Formats: digital download, streaming
| 9 || 5 || 4 || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Don't Try This at Home (YoungBoy Never Broke Again album)|Don't Try This at Home]]''
|
* Released: April 21, 2023<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/nba-youngboy-announces-new-album-dont-try-this-at-home-3420411|title=NBA YoungBoy announces new album ''Don't Try This At Home''|last=Qureshi|first=Arusa|work=[[NME]]|date=March 25, 2023|access-date=April 1, 2023|archive-date=March 25, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325200548/https://www.nme.com/news/music/nba-youngboy-announces-new-album-dont-try-this-at-home-3420411|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Label: Never Broke Again, Motown, UMG
* Formats: digital download, streaming
| 5 || 1 || 2 || — || 92 || — || — || — || —
|
|}

===Compilation albums===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+List of compilation albums, with selected chart positions and certifications
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:21em;"| Title
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:18em;"| Details
! scope="col" colspan="4"| Peak chart positions
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:10em"| [[List of music recording certifications|Certifications]]
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard 200|US]] <ref name="BB200">{{cite magazine|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again – Chart history (Billboard 200)|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/youngboy-never-broke-again/chart-history/tlp/|access-date=May 23, 2023|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|US R&B/HH]] <ref name="RBHHA">{{cite magazine|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again – Chart history (Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums)|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/youngboy-never-broke-again/chart-history/blp/|access-date=May 23, 2023|magazine=Billboard}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Rap Albums|US Rap]] <ref name="Rap Albums" />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Canadian Albums Chart|CAN]] <ref name="CANA"/>
|-
! scope="row"| ''4Respect 4Freedom 4Loyalty 4WhatImportant''
|
* Released: September 14, 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/2018/09/youngboy-never-broke-again-drops-off-4respect-4freedom-4loyalty-4whatimportant|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again Drops Off '4Respect 4Freedom 4Loyalty 4WhatImportant' Project|work=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]|last=Shifferaw|first=Abel|date=September 14, 2018|access-date=September 18, 2018}}</ref>
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| 14 || 10 || 9 || 89
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Lost Files (YoungBoy Never Broke Again album)|Lost Files]]''
|
* Released: December 23, 2022<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thesource.com/2022/12/23/nba-youngboy-drops-off-new-mixtape-lost-files/|title=NBA YoungBoy Drops Off New Mixtape ''Lost Files''|last=Grant|first=Shawn|work=[[The Source]]|date=December 23, 2022|access-date=December 24, 2022}}</ref>
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| 45 || 16 || 7 || —
|
|}

==Mixtapes==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+ List of mixtapes, with selected chart positions and certifications
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:13em;" | Title
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:18em;" | Details
! scope="col" colspan="6" | Peak chart positions
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:10em" | [[List of music recording certifications|Certifications]]
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Billboard 200|US]] <ref name="BB200" />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|US R&B/HH]] <ref name="RBHHA" />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Rap Albums|US Rap]] <ref name="Rap Albums" />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Canadian Albums Chart|CAN]] <ref name="CANA" />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Dutch Album Top 100|NLD]] <ref name="NLD" />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[UK Albums Chart|UK]] <ref name="UKAC" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''Life Before Fame''<ref name="XXLBreak">{{cite news|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2016/11/nba-youngboy-interview-the-break/|title=The Break Presents: YoungBoy NeverBrokeAgain|work=[[XXL (magazine)|XXL]]|last=C.M.|first=Emmanuel|date=November 18, 2016|access-date=August 18, 2017}}</ref>
|
* Released: April 10, 2015
* Label: Never Broke Again, 101 Distribution
* Format: Digital download
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''Mind of a Menace''<ref name="XXLBreak" />
|
* Released: December 1, 2015
* Label: Never Broke Again, 101 Distribution
* Format: Digital download
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''Mind of a Menace 2''<ref name="XXLBreak" />
|
* Released: April 1, 2016
* Label: Never Broke Again, 101 Distribution
* Format: Digital download
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''Before I Go''
|
* Released: June 27, 2016
* Label: Never Broke Again, 101 Distribution
* Format: Digital download
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''38 Baby''<ref name="XXL38">{{cite news|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2016/10/nba-youngboy-38-baby-mixtape-kevin-gates-boosie-badazz/|title=NBA YoungBoy Drops '38 Baby' Mixtape Featuring Kevin Gates, Boosie BadAzz and More|work=XXL|last=Ivey|first=Justin|date=October 27, 2016|access-date=August 18, 2017}}</ref>
|
* Released: October 27, 2016
* Label: Never Broke Again, 101 Distribution
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''Mind of a Menace 3''<ref name="XXLBreak" />
|
* Released: November 4, 2016
* Label: Never Broke Again, 101 Distribution
* Format: Digital download
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[AI YoungBoy]]''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Weinstein|first=Max|date=August 3, 2017|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again Drops 'AI Youngboy' Mixtape - XXL|url=https://www.xxlmag.com/nba-youngboy-never-broke-again-ai-youngboy-mixtape/|access-date=August 18, 2017|website=XXL Mag|language=en}}</ref>
|
* Released: August 4, 2017
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| 24 || 17 || 12 || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''Ain't Too Long''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thefader.com/2017/10/09/youngboy-never-broke-again-aint-too-long|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again shares Ain't Too Long mixtape|work=The Fader|last=Renshaw|first=David|date=October 9, 2017|access-date=October 9, 2017}}</ref>
|
* Released: October 7, 2017
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| 173 || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''Master the Day of Judgement''
|
* Released: May 19, 2018
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: Digital download
| 139 || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''Decided''
|
* Released: September 7, 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/au/album/decided/1436651757|title=Decided by YoungBoy Never Broke Again on Apple Music|date=September 7, 2018 |via=[[Apple Music]]|access-date=October 2, 2018}}</ref>
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: Digital download
| 41 || 23 || 20 || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''Realer''
|
* Released: December 20, 2018
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| 15 || 11 || 9 || — || 168 || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[AI YoungBoy 2]]''
|
*Released: October 11, 2019
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: LP, Digital download, streaming
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 11 || — || 84
|
* RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Still Flexin, Still Steppin]]''
|
*Released: February 21, 2020
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| 2 || 1 || 1 || 22 || — || 83
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[38 Baby 2]]''
|
*Released: April 24, 2020
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: LP, Digital download, streaming
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 24 || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | ''Until I Return''
|
* Released: November 11, 2020
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| 10 || 5 || 5 || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Colors (mixtape)|Colors]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2022-01-21/148277/nba-youngboy-colors-mixtape/|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again returns with new 'Colors' mixtape|last=DJ|first=First Class|work=Revolt|date=January 21, 2022|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref>
|
* Released: January 21, 2022
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: CD, LP, Digital download, streaming
| 2 || 1 || 1 || 21 || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Realer 2]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hypebeast.com/2022/9/nba-youngboy-never-broke-again-realer-2-mixtape-album-stream|title=NBA YoungBoy Delivers New Mixtape 'Realer 2'|last=Caraan|first=Sophie|work=[[Hypebeast (company)|Hypebeast]]|date=September 6, 2022|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref>
|
* Released: September 6, 2022
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| 6 || 2 || 2 || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[3800 Degrees]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/youngboy-never-broke-again-3800-degrees|title=Stream YoungBoy Never Broke Again’s New Project ’3800 Degrees’|first=Joshua|last=Epinzoa|date=7 October 2022|access-date=30 October 2022}}</ref>
|
* Released: October 7, 2022
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: CD, Digital download, streaming
| 12 || 6 || 4 || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Ma' I Got a Family]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/10/nba-youngboy-ma-i-got-a-family-album-stream.html|title=NBA YoungBoy Celebrates Birthday by Dropping Ma' I Got a Family|first=Jennifer|last=Zhan|date=21 October 2022|access-date=30 October 2022}}</ref>
|
* Released: October 21, 2022
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| 7 || 3 || 2 || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Richest Opp]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=II |first=C. Vernon Coleman IIC Vernon Coleman |title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again to Drop Mixtape Same Day as Lil Durk Album |url=https://www.xxlmag.com/nba-youngboy-mixtape-same-day-lil-durk-album/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=XXL Mag |language=en}}</ref>
|
* Released: May 12, 2023
* Label: Never Broke Again, Motown, UMG
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| 4 || 1 || 1 || — || — || —
|
|-
| colspan="9" style="font-size:90%" | "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory
|}

===Collaborative mixtapes===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+ List of collaborative mixtapes with selected chart positions
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:10em;"| Title
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:20em;"| Mixtape details
! scope="col" colspan="4" | Peak chart positions
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:10em" | [[List of music recording certifications|Certifications]]
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard 200|US]] <ref name="BB200" />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|US R&B/HH]] <ref name="RBHHA" />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Rap Albums|US Rap]] <ref name="Rap Albums" />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Canadian Albums Chart|CAN]] <ref name="CANA" />
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Fed Baby's]]'' {{small|(with [[Moneybagg Yo]])}}
|
* Released: November 16, 2017
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic, [[Yo Gotti#Collective Music Group|Collective]], Bread Gang, N-Less, [[Interscope]]
* Formats: Digital download
| 21 || 9 || 7 || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''Kane & O-Dog'' {{small|(with [[VL Deck]])}}
|
* Released: October 19, 2018
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic, Section 8 Entertainment
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''Nobody Safe''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/2020/11/rich-the-kid-youngboy-never-broke-again-nobody-safe-album-stream|title=Rich the Kid and YoungBoy Never Broke Again Connect for Joint Album ‘Nobody Safe’|last=Rose|first=Jordan|work=[[Complex Networks|Complex]]|date=November 20, 2020|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref> {{small|(with [[Rich the Kid]])}}
|
* Released: November 20, 2020
* Label: Never Broke Again, [[Rich Forever Music]], [[Empire Distribution|Empire]]
* Format: CD, LP, Digital download, streaming
| 43 || 21 || 19 || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[From the Bayou]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/youngboy-never-broke-again-birdman-from-the-bayou-mixtape|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again and Birdman Unleash 'From the Bayou' Mixtape|last=Espinoza|first=Joshua|work=[[Complex Networks|Complex]]|date=December 10, 2021|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref> {{small|(with [[Birdman (rapper)|Birdman]])}}
|
* Released: December 10, 2021
* Label: Never Broke Again, [[Cash Money Records|Cash Money]]
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| 19 || 9 || 4 || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Better than You (mixtape)|Better than You]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/dababy-youngboy-never-broke-again-better-than-you-stream|title=DaBaby and YoungBoy Never Broke Again Drop New Project 'Better Than You'|last=Rose|first=Jordan|work=[[Complex Networks|Complex]]|date=March 4, 2022|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref> {{small|(with [[DaBaby]])}}
|
* Released: March 4, 2022
* Label: Interscope, Atlantic
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| 10 || 7 || 5 || 62
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[3860]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/quando-rondo-interview-new-music-1234603991/|title=It’s Quando Rondo’s Turn|last=Gee|first=Andre|work=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=October 4, 2022|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref> {{small|(with [[Quando Rondo]])}}
|
* Released: November 25, 2022
* Label: Quando Rondo, LLC, Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| 62 || 24 || 15 || —
|
|-
| colspan="14" style="font-size:90%" | "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory.
|}

==Extended plays==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+ List of EPs with selected chart positions
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Title
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Details
! colspan="3" scope="col" | Peak chart positions
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard 200|US]] <ref name="BB200"/>
! scope="col" style="width:3.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|US R&B/HH]] <ref name="RBHHA"/>
! scope="col" style="width:3.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Rap Albums|US Rap]] <ref name="Rap Albums" />
|-
! scope="row"| ''4Respect''
|
* Released: August 24, 2018
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| 19 || 12 || 11
|-
! scope="row"| ''4Freedom''
|
* Released: August 30, 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/4freedom-ep/1434450325|title=4Freedom – EP by YoungBoy Never Broke Again on Apple Music|via=[[Apple Music]]|access-date=September 8, 2018}}</ref>
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| 100 || — || —
|-
! scope="row"| ''4Loyalty''
|
* Released: September 6, 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/2018/09/youngboy-never-broke-again-4loyalty-stream|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again Drops '4Loyalty' EP f/ Young Thug and Quando Rondo|work=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]|last=Espinoza|first=Joshua|date=September 7, 2018|access-date=September 8, 2018}}</ref>
* Label: Never Broke Again, Atlantic
* Format: Digital download, streaming
| 97 || — || —
|-
| colspan="5" style="font-size:90%" | "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory.
|}

==Singles==
===As lead artist===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+ List of singles as lead artist, with selected chart positions, showing year released and album name
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:22em;"| Title
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:1em;" | Year
! scope="col" colspan="9"| Peak chart positions
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"| [[List of music recording certifications|Certifications]]
! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Album
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard Hot 100|US]] <ref name="US100">{{cite magazine|url= https://www.billboard.com/artist/youngboy-never-broke-again/chart-history/hsi/|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again – Chart history (Billboard Hot 100)|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=May 23, 2023}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|US R&B/HH]] <ref name="Chart">{{cite magazine|url= https://www.billboard.com/artist/youngboy-never-broke-again/chart-history/bsi/|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again – Chart history (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)|magazine=Billboard|access-date=May 23, 2023}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Hot Rap Songs|US Rap]] <ref name="US RAP">{{cite magazine|url= https://www.billboard.com/artist/youngboy-never-broke-again/chart-history/rap/|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again – Chart history (Hot Rap Songs)|magazine=Billboard|access-date=May 23, 2023}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[ARIA Charts|AUS]] <ref name="AUS">{{cite web | url=https://australian-charts.com/search.asp?search=YoungBoy+Never+Broke+Again&cat=s | title=Discography YoungBoy | website=australian-charts.com | accessdate=February 26, 2023}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Canadian Hot 100|CAN]] <ref name=":0">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/youngboy-never-broke-again/chart-history/can/|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again – Chart history (Canadian Hot 100)|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=April 14, 2020}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Irish Singles Chart|IRE]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=Discography Youngboy Never Broke Again|url=http://irish-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Youngboy+Never+Broke+Again|access-date=July 3, 2020|website=irishcharts.com}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|NZ]] <ref name="NZ">{{Cite web|title=Discography YoungBoy Never Broke Again - Bandit|url=https://charts.nz/showitem.asp?interpret=YoungBoy+Never+Broke+Again&titel=Bandit&cat=s|access-date=June 3, 2020|website=}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[UK Singles Chart|UK]] <ref name="UK">{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/53516/youngboy-never-broke-again/|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again {{!}} full Official Chart history|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|access-date=July 9, 2022}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard Global 200|WW]] <ref name="WW">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/youngboy-never-broke-again/chart-history/glo/|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again Chart History: Global 200|magazine=Billboard|access-date=April 18, 2022}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Untouchable (YoungBoy Never Broke Again song)|Untouchable]]"
| rowspan="4"| 2017
| 95 || 39 || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]]: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/>
| ''AI YoungBoy''
|-
! scope="row"| "41"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="2" {{Non-album singles}}
|-
! scope="row"| "GG (Remix)"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/gg-remix-feat-a-boogie-wit-da-hoodie-single/1299790995|title= GG (Remix) [feat. A Boogie wit da Hoodie] by YoungBoy Never Broke Again on Apple Music|via=Apple Music|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref> {{small|(featuring [[A Boogie wit da Hoodie]])}}
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "[[No Smoke (YoungBoy Never Broke Again song)|No Smoke]]"
| 61 || 29 || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: 3× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/>
| ''AI YoungBoy''
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Outside Today]]"
| rowspan="6" |2018
| 31 || 18 || 14 || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: 4× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/>
| rowspan="2" | ''Until Death Call My Name''
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Diamond Teeth Samurai]]"
| 59 || 30 || 25 || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "Not Wrong Now"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="3" {{Non-album singles}}
|-
! scope="row"| "Blasian"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Hypnotized"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Valuable Pain]]"
| 87 || 40 || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: 3× Platinum<ref name=RIAA />
| ''Realer''
|-
! scope="row"| "Kick Yo Door"
| rowspan="11" | 2019
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="5" {{Non-album singles}}
|-
! scope="row"| "Gangsta Fever"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "Scenes" {{small|(featuring [[PnB Rock]])}}
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Freeddawg"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "4 Sons of a King"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Slime Mentality"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Slime Mentality" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number one on the [[Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles]] chart.<ref name="Bubbling">{{cite magazine |title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again – Chart history (Bubbling Under Hot 100) |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/youngboy-never-broke-again/chart-history/hbu/|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=July 19, 2023}}</ref>}} || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
| rowspan="2"| ''AI YoungBoy 2''
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Self Control (YoungBoy Never Broke Again song)|Self Control]]"
| 50 || 24 || 19 || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/>
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Bandit (song)|Bandit]]" {{small|(with [[Juice Wrld]])}}
| 10 || 5 || 4 || 45 || 11 || 30 || 40 || 42 || —
|
* RIAA: 3× Platinum<ref name="RIAA" />
* [[Australian Recording Industry Association|ARIA]]: Platinum<ref name=ARIA-2020-Singles>{{cite certification|region=Australia|type=single|certyear=2020|access-date=April 24, 2021}}</ref>
* BPI: Silver<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bri Certified |website=British Phonographic Industry |type=Database search interface |url=https://www.bpi.co.uk/brit-certified/}} Select singles in the Format field. Select Silver in the Certification field. Type Bandit in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.</ref>
| ''[[Death Race for Love]]''
|-
! scope="row"| "Lost Motives"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="3" {{Non-album single}}
|-
! scope="row"| "Bring 'Em Out"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Dirty Iyanna (song)|Dirty Iyanna]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/dirty-iyanna-single/1490639421|title=Dirty Iyanna - Single by YoungBoy Never Broke Again on Apple Music|via=[[iTunes]]|access-date=December 13, 2019}}</ref>
| 67 || 28 || 21 || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Make No Sense]]"
| rowspan="19" | 2020
| 57 || 27 || 22 || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: 3× Platinum<ref name=RIAA />
| ''AI YoungBoy 2''
|-
! scope="row"| "Money Talk" {{small|(featuring [[Rich the Kid]])}}
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| ''Boss Man''
|-
! scope="row" | "Ten Talk"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Ten Talk" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 15 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}}
|| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
| ''38 Baby 2''
|-
! scope="row" | "Drop'Em"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="2" {{Non-album single}}
|-
! scope="row" | "Unchartered Love"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "AI Nash"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"AI Nash" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number eight on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}}
|| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
| ''38 Baby 2''
|-
! scope="row" | "Step On Shit"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| {{Non-album single}}
|-
! scope="row" | "[[One Shot (YoungBoy Never Broke Again song)|One Shot]]" {{Small|(featuring [[Lil Baby]])}}
| 94 || 43 || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|''[[F9 (soundtrack)|Road to Fast 9]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Death Enclaimed"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| {{Non-album single}}
|-
! scope="row" | "Sticks With Me"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
| rowspan="4" |''Top''
|-
! scope="row" | "[[All In (YoungBoy Never Broke Again song)|All In]]"
| 67 || 23 || 22 || — || — || — || — || — || 115
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Kacey Talk]]"
| 50 || 19 || 18 || — || — || — || — || — || 87
|
* RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | "Callin" {{small|(featuring [[Snoop Dogg]])}}
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Callin" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number three on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 42 || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | "Soul Stealer"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| {{Non-album single}}
|-
! scope="row" | "Bankroll" {{small|(with [[Rich the Kid]])}}
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| ''Nobody Safe''
|-
! scope="row" | "[[What That Speed Bout!?]]" {{small|(with [[Mike Will Made It]] and [[Nicki Minaj]])}}
| 35 || 11 || 10 || — || 76 || — || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"What That Speed Bout!?" did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart, but peaked at number 16 on the NZ Hot Singles Chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=4970|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=November 16, 2020|access-date=November 14, 2020}}</ref>}} || — || 52
|
| ''Michael''
|-
! scope="row" | "The Story of O.J. (Top Version)"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| rowspan=3 {{Non-album singles}}
|-
! scope="row" | "How I Been"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | "Green Dot"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Toxic Punk]]"
| rowspan="8" | 2021
| 99 || 49 || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
| ''Sincerely, Kentrell''
|-
! scope="row" | "It Ain't Over"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="3" {{Non-album single}}
|-
! scope="row" | "I Ain't Scared"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Territorial"
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "[[White Teeth (song)|White Teeth]]"
| 78 || 39 || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
| rowspan="4" | ''Sincerely, Kentrell''
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Nevada (song)|Nevada]]"
| 58 || 23 || 19 || — || — || — || — || — || 109
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Life Support (song)|Life Support]]"
| 48 || 17 || 15 || — || — || — || — || — || 107
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row" | "[[On My Side (song)|On My Side]]"
| 37 || 12 || 10 || — || — || — || — || — || 75
|
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Bring the Hook]]"
| rowspan="25" |2022
| 61 || 19 || 14 || — || — || — || — || — || 192
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
| ''Colors''
|-
! scope="row" | "Hit"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/hit-single/1606032497|title=Hit – Single by DaBaby & YoungBoy Never Broke Again on Apple Music|via=[[Apple Music]]|access-date=January 24, 2022}}</ref> {{small|(with [[DaBaby]])}}
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Hit" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 25 on the [[Bubbling Under Hot 100]] chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| ''[[Better than You (mixtape)|Better than You]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Flossin']]" {{small|(with [[Internet Money Records|Internet Money]])}}
| 72 || 27 || 20 || — || — || — || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Flossin'" did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart, but peaked at number 25 on the NZ Hot Singles Chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=5274|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=January 31, 2022|access-date=January 29, 2022}}</ref>}} || — || 143
|
| {{Non-album single}}
|-
! scope="row" | "Mr. Grim Reaper"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/youngboy-never-broke-again-new-song-mr-grim-reaper|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again Drops “Mr. Grim Reaper,” Earns 13 New RIAA Certifications|last=Cummings-Grady|first=Mackenzie|work=[[Complex Networks|Complex]]|date=February 8, 2022|access-date=April 15, 2023}}</ref>
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| ''The Last Slimeto''
|-
! scope="row" | "SuperBowl"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hiphopdx.com/news/id.68061/title.nba-youngboy-takes-advantage-of-football-euphoria-with-super-bowl-single|title=NBA YOUNGBOY TAKES ADVANTAGE OF FOOTBALL EUPHORIA WITH 'SUPER BOWL' SINGLE|last=Jefforson|first=Devon|work=[[HipHopDX]]|date=February 14, 2022|access-date=April 15, 2023}}</ref>
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="2" {{Non-album singles}}
|-
! scope="row" | "Opposite"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/youngboy-never-broke-again-opposite|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again Shares New Song “Opposite,” Teases Upcoming Mixtape ‘Realer 2’|last=Callas|first=Brad|work=[[Complex Networks|Complex]]|date=February 21, 2022|access-date=April 15, 2023}}</ref>
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "[[I Hate YoungBoy]]"
| 79 || 26 || 19 || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
| ''The Last Slimeto''
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Neighborhood Superstar]]" {{small|(with DaBaby)}}
| 89 || 31 || — || — || — || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Neighborhood Superstar" did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart, but peaked at number 33 on the NZ Hot Singles Chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=5295|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=March 7, 2022|access-date=March 5, 2022}}</ref>}} || — || — || —
|
| ''Better than You''
|-
! scope="row" | "Pull Up Actin"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/nz/album/pull-up-actin-single/1615693223|title=Pull Up Actin - Single by Never Broke Again, YoungBoy Never Broke Again & P Yungin on Apple Music|via=[[Apple Music]]|access-date=March 31, 2022}}</ref> {{small|(with [[Never Broke Again]] and P Yungin)}}
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| ''Green Flag Activity''
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Bestie (DaBaby and YoungBoy Never Broke Again song)|Bestie]]" {{small|(with DaBaby)}}
| —{{efn-ua|"Bestie" did not enter the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 13 on the [[Bubbling Under Hot 100]] chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 43 || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| ''Better than You''
|-
! scope="row" | "Don't Rate Me"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hypebeast.com/2022/5/nba-youngboy-quavo-dont-rate-me-stream|title=NBA YoungBoy and Quavo Team Up for New Track "Don't Rate Me"|last=Kearns|first=Sarah|work=[[HotNewHipHop]]|date=May 6, 2022|access-date=May 12, 2022}}</ref> {{small|(featuring [[Quavo]])}}
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| ''The Last Slimeto''
|-
! scope="row" | "Gang Baby"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/gang-baby-feat-rojay-mlp-rjae-single/1623520626|title=Gang Baby by Never Broke Again, YoungBoy Never Broke Again & P Yungin (featuring Rojay MLP & RJAE) on Apple Music|date=May 13, 2022|via=Apple Music|access-date=May 13, 2022}}</ref> {{small|(with Never Broke Again and P Yungin featuring Rojay MLP and RJAE)}}
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| ''Green Flag Activity''
|-
! scope="row" | "See Me Now"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2022-05-16/169092/nba-youngboy-see-me-now-video/|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again returns with new visual for "See Me Now"|last=Powell|first=Jon|work=[[Revolt (TV network)|Revolt]]|date=May 16, 2022|access-date=April 15, 2023}}</ref>
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="3" {{Non-album singles}}
|-
! scope="row" | "Proud of Myself"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2022-05-24/170536/nba-youngboy-proud-of-myself-video/|title=NBA YoungBoy unveils new visual for "Proud Of Myself"|last=Powell|first=Jon|work=[[Revolt (TV network)|Revolt]]|date=May 24, 2022|access-date=April 15, 2023}}</ref>
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Goals"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2022-05-30/171485/nba-youngboy-goals-video/|title=NBA Youngboy has “Goals” in latest video|last=Cho|first=Regina|work=[[Revolt (TV network)|Revolt]]|date=May 30, 2022|access-date=April 15, 2023}}</ref>
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Vette Motors]]"
| 62 || 19 || 17 || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
| ''The Last Slimeto''
|-
! scope="row" | "All My Shit Is Stupid"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/all-my-shit-is-stupid-single/1627056379|title=ALL MY SHIT IS STUPID by YoungBoy Never Broke Again & iLoveMakonnen on Apple Music|date=June 17, 2022|via=Apple Music|access-date=June 17, 2022}}</ref> {{small|(with [[iLoveMakonnen]])}}
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| ''Summer22''
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Late to da Party|Late To Da Party (F*CK BET)]]" {{small|(with [[Lil Nas X]])}}
| 67 || 16 || 15 || 54 || 42 || 83 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://irma.ie/index.cfm?page=irish-charts&chart=Singles|title=IRMA – Irish Charts|publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]]|access-date=July 2, 2022}}</ref> || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Late to da Party" did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart, but peaked at number six on the [[NZ Hot Singles Chart]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=5354|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=July 4, 2022|access-date=July 2, 2022}}</ref>}} || — || 77
|
| rowspan="4" {{Non-album singles}}
|-
! scope="row" | "I Don't Talk"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/409821-nba-youngboy-gets-fans-ready-for-the-last-slimeto-with-a-surprise-drop-new-song|title=NBA YoungBoy Gets Fans Ready For ''The Last Slimeto'' With A Surprise Drop|last=Robinson|first=Joshua|work=[[HotNewHipHop]]|date=July 18, 2022|access-date=April 15, 2023}}</ref>
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Change"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/410461-nba-youngboy-shares-change-ahead-of-next-album-the-last-slimeto-new-song|title=NBA Youngboy Shares "Change" Ahead Of Next Album, ''The Last Slimeto''|last=Blake|first=Cole|work=[[HotNewHipHop]]|date=July 25, 2022|access-date=April 15, 2023}}</ref>
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "She Want Chanel"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hiphopdx.com/news/id.72071/title.nba-youngboy-she-want-chanel-new-video|title=NBA YoungBoy Drops 'She Want Chanel' Video Ahead of ''The Last Slimeto'' Album|last=Elibert|first=Mark|work=[[HipHopDX]]|date=July 27, 2022|access-date=April 15, 2023}}</ref>
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Give Me a Sign"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.complex.com/music/quando-rondo-youngboy-never-broke-again-give-me-a-sign-song-stream|title=Quando Rondo Connects With YoungBoy Never Broke Again for New Track "Give Me A Sign"|last=Rose|first=Jordan|work=[[Complex Networks|Complex]]|date=August 31, 2022|access-date=April 15, 2023}}</ref> {{small|(with [[Quando Rondo]])}}
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|''3860'' & ''[[Recovery (Quando Rondo album)|Recovery]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Feel Good"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/406790-nba-youngboy-returns-with-a-feel-good-song-and-music-video-new-song|title=NBA YoungBoy Returns With A "Feel Good" Song & Music Video|last=Hynes|first=Hayley|work=[[HotNewHipHop]]|date=July 2, 2022|access-date=April 15, 2023}}</ref>
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| {{Non-album single}}
|-
! scope="row" | "Keep Me Dry" {{small|(with Quando Rondo)}}
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="2"| ''3860''
|-
! scope="row" | "It's On" {{small|(with Quando Rondo)}}
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Next (YoungBoy Never Broke Again song)|Next]]"
| rowspan="5" | 2023
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Next" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 24 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 48 || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="2" {{Non-album singles}}
|-
! scope="row" | "Demon Party"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2023-03-03/277419/nba-youngboy-demon-party-video/|title=NBA YoungBoy drops off new "Demon Party" visual|last=Cho|first=Regina|work=Revolt.tv|date=March 3, 2023|access-date=March 3, 2023}}</ref>
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "[[WTF (YoungBoy Never Broke Again song)|WTF]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thesource.com/2023/03/30/nba-youngboy-announces-wtf-collaboration-with-nicki-minaj/|title=NBA YoungBoy Announces "WTF" Collaboration with Nicki Minaj|last=Grant|first=Shawn|work=[[The Source]]|date=March 30, 2023|access-date=April 1, 2023}}</ref> {{small|(with [[Nicki Minaj]])}}
| 99 || 32 || 23 || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="2" | ''Don't Try This at Home''
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Rear View (song)|Rear View]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2023-04-14/295640/nba-youngboy-mariah-the-scientist-rear-view-video/|title=NBA YoungBoy recruits Mariah the Scientist for "Rear View"|last=Powell|first=Jon|work=[[Revolt (TV network)|Revolt]]|date=April 14, 2023|access-date=April 15, 2023}}</ref> {{small|(with [[Mariah the Scientist]])}}
| — || 50 || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
!scope="row"| "Cut U Off" {{small|(with [[Joyner Lucas]])}}
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| ''Not Now, I’m Busy''
|-
| colspan="13" style="font-size:90%" | "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory.
|}

===As featured artist===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+ List of singles as a featured artist, with selected chart positions, showing year released and album name
! rowspan="2"| Title
! rowspan="2"| Year
! colspan="8"| Peak chart positions
! rowspan="2"| [[List of music recording certifications|Certifications]]
! rowspan="2"| Album
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard Hot 100|US]] <ref name="US100" />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|US R&B/HH]] <ref name="Chart" />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Hot Rap Songs|US Rap]] <ref>{{Cite magazine|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/youngboy-never-broke-again/chart-history/rap/|access-date=June 13, 2020|magazine=Billboard}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[ARIA Charts|AUS]] <ref name="AUS"/>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Canadian Hot 100|CAN]] <ref name=":0" />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|NZ]] <ref name="NZ"/>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Official Charts Company|UK]] <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again {{!}} full Official Chart History|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/53516/youngboy-never-broke-again/|access-date=July 1, 2020|website=[[Official Charts Company]]}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard Global 200|WW]] <ref name="WW"/>
|-
! scope="row" | "Dope Good"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/dope-good-feat-youngboy-never-broke-again-king-stevie/1248115308|title= Dope Good (feat. YoungBoy Never Broke Again & King Stevie D.) on Apple Music|via=Apple Music|date=June 23, 2017|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref> (Teflon Mark featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again & King Stevie D.)
| rowspan="7" |2017
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|{{Non-album single}}
|-
! scope="row" | "Doin' Bad"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/check-callin-feat-youngboy-never-broke-again-single/1291074483|title= Check Callin (feat. YoungBoy Never Broke Again) on Apple Music|via=Apple Music|date=September 15, 2017|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref> ([[OMB Peezy]] featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|''Humble Beginnings''
|-
! scope="row" | "Check Callin"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/doin-bad-feat-youngboy-never-broke-again-single/1281072099|title= Doin Bad (feat. YoungBoy Never Broke Again) on Apple Music|via=Apple Music|date=October 6, 2017|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref> ([[Plies (rapper)|Plies]] featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="2" {{Non-album singles}}
|-
! scope="row" | "FWM Remix"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/doin-bad-feat-youngboy-never-broke-again-single/1281072099|title= Doin Bad (feat. YoungBoy Never Broke Again) on Apple Music|via=Apple Music|date=November 1, 2017|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref> (XO featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again & [[Boosie Badazz]])
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "New Money"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/new-money-feat-youngboy-never-broke-again-single/1444599355|title= New Money (feat. YoungBoy Never Broke Again) on Apple Music|via=Apple Music|date=November 17, 2017|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref> (Spacejam Bo featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|''Cote Kid''
|-
! scope="row" | "My Side"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/my-side-feat-youngboy-never-broke-again-single/1574556901|title= My Side (feat. YoungBoy Never Broke Again) on Apple Music|via=Apple Music|date=November 27, 2017|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref> ([[Lil Durk]] featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| {{Non-album single}}
|-
! scope="row" | "16"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/16-feat-youngboy-never-broke-again-single/1531959156|title= 16 (feat. YoungBoy Never Broke Again) on Apple Music|via=Apple Music|date=December 4, 2017|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref> (Jamie Ray featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|''Castles in the Air''
|-
! scope="row" | "FN Everything (Remix)"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/fn-everything-remix-feat-youngboy-never-broke-again-single/1343349547|title= FN Everything (Remix) [feat. YoungBoy Never Broke Again] on Apple Music|via=Apple Music|date=February 9, 2018|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref> (Damar Jackson featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)
| rowspan="7" |2018
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|''Unfaithful (Deluxe)''
|-
! scope="row" | "Can I Trust You"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/can-i-trust-you-feat-nba-youngboy-single/1359718519|title= Can I Trust You (feat. NBA Youngboy) on Apple Music|via=Apple Music|date=February 22, 2018|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref> (Jdagr8 featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|''Tillweallrich''
|-
! scope="row" | "Gutta Boy"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/gutta-boy-feat-youngboy-never-broke-again-remix-single/1385886453|title= Gutta Boy (feat. Youngboy Never Broke Again) [Remix] on Apple Music|via=Apple Music|date=May 11, 2018|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref> (All-Star Will featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| {{Non-album single}}
|-
! scope="row" | "Sleepin"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/sleepin-feat-youngboy-never-broke-again-single/1388009716|title= Sleepin (feat. YoungBoy Never Broke Again) on Apple Music|via=Apple Music|date=May 25, 2018|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref> (Leeky Bandz featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|''Life After Future''
|-
! scope="row" | "Savage Life"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/savage-life-feat-nba-youngboy-single/1402949666|title= Savage Life (feat. NBA Youngboy) on Apple Music|via=Apple Music|date=June 29, 2018|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref> (Johnni Blaze featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|''5:12''
|-
! scope="row" | "Where We Come From"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/where-we-come-from-feat-youngboy-never-broke-again-single/1435416844|title= Where We Come From (feat. YoungBoy Never Broke Again) on Apple Music|via=Apple Music|date=September 7, 2018|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref> ([[Shy Glizzy]] featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|''Fully Loaded''
|-
! scope="row" | "Movin On"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/movin-on-feat-youngboy-never-broke-again-single/1447291550|title= Movin On (feat. Youngboy Never Broke Again) on Apple Music|via=Apple Music|date=December 25, 2018|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref> (OG 3Three featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|{{Non-album single}}
|-
! scope="row" | "Richer than Errybody"<ref>{{cite web|last=Montes|first=Patrick|date=September 13, 2019|title=Gucci Mane, NBA YoungBoy & DaBaby Unite for "Richer Than Errybody" Single|url=https://hypebeast.com/2019/9/gucci-mane-richer-than-errybody-nba-youngboy-never-broke-again-dababy|access-date=October 11, 2019|work=Hypebeast}}</ref> ([[Gucci Mane]] featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again and [[DaBaby]])
| 2019
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|''[[Woptober II]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Need It (Migos song)|Need It]]" ([[Migos]] featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)
| rowspan="3" |2020
| 62 || 28 || 25 || — || — || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Need It" did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart, but peaked at number 19 on the NZ Hot Singles Chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=4862|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=June 1, 2020|access-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref>}} || — || —
|
* RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/>
|''[[Culture III]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Trillionaire (Future song)|Trillionaire]]" ([[Future (rapper)|Future]] featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)
| 34 || 16 || 14 || — || 69 || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Trillionaire" did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart, but peaked at number 19 on the NZ Hot Singles Chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=4860|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=May 25, 2020|access-date=May 23, 2020}}</ref>}} || 85 || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name=RIAAFt>{{cite certification|region=United States|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again|access-date=July 27, 2022}}</ref>
|''[[High Off Life]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Im On"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/im-on-feat-youngboy-never-broke-again-single/1532534257|title=Im On (feat. YoungBoy Never Broke Again) - Single by P Yungin on Apple Music|access-date=September 21, 2020}}</ref> (P Yungin featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|''Demons Everywhere I Go''
|-
! scope="row" | "Everything Different"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/everything-different-single/1567089031|title=Everything Different - Single: Culture Jam, YoungBoy Never Broke Again, & Rod Wave |via=Apple Music |access-date=June 4, 2021}}</ref> (Culture Jam and [[Rod Wave]] featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)
| rowspan="2"| 2021
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| ''Culture Jam''
|-
! scope="row" | "[[WusYaName]]" ([[Tyler, the Creator]] featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again and [[Ty Dolla Sign]])
| 14 || 6 || 3 || 22 || 22 || 14 || 25 || 19
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name=RIAAFt/>
| ''[[Call Me If You Get Lost]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "2Tone"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/1645452011?i=1645452013&ign-itscg=30440&ign-itsct=catchall_p1|title=2Tone - Single: Cootie, YoungBoy Never Broke Again |via=Apple Music |access-date=September 23, 2022}}</ref> (Cootie featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)
| rowspan="2"| 2022
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| ''In Trap We Trust''
|-
! scope="row" | "Military"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/military-feat-youngboy-never-broke-again-drok-single/1659965191|title=Military (feat. YoungBoy Never Broke Again & Drok) - Single |via=Apple Music |access-date=December 15, 2022}}</ref> ([[Rich Gang]] featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again and Drok)
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
|{{Non-album single}}
|-
! scope="row" | "Fools Fall N Love"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/628147-shy-glizzy-nba-youngboy-unite-on-fools-fall-n-love|title=Shy Glizzy & NBA Youngboy Unite On “Fools Fall N Love”|last=A.|first=Aron|work=[[HotNewHipHop]]|date=February 3, 2023|access-date=February 4, 2023}}</ref> (Shy Glizzy featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)
| rowspan="3"| 2023
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| ''Flowers''
|-
! scope="row" | "Won't Back Down"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thefader.com/2023/05/05/youngboy-never-broke-again-shares-wont-back-down-featuring-dermot-kennedy-and-bailey-zimmerman|title=YoungBoy Never Broke Again shares “Won’t Back Down” featuring Dermot Kennedy and Bailey Zimmerman|last=Darville|first=Jordan|work=[[The Fader]]|date=May 5, 2023|access-date=July 4, 2023}}</ref> {{small|([[Bailey Zimmerman]] and [[Dermot Kennedy]] featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)}}
| — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|
| ''[[Fast X (soundtrack)|Fast X]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Project Walls]]" {{small|([[Lil Tjay]] featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)}}
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Project Walls" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number nine on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 32 || 23 || — || — || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Project Walls" did not enter the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart, but peaked at number 12 on the NZ Hot Singles Chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=5615|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=July 17, 2023|access-date=July 19, 2023}}</ref>}} || — || —
|
| ''[[222 (album)|222]]''
|-
| colspan="12" style="font-size:90%" | "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory.
|}

===Promotional singles===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+ List of promotional singles, with selected chart positions, showing year released and album name
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:22em;"| Title
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:1em;" | Year
! scope="col" colspan="3"| Peak chart positions
! rowspan="2"| [[List of music recording certifications|Certifications]]
! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Album
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard Hot 100|US]] <ref name="US100"/>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|US R&B/HH]] <ref name="Chart"/>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Hot Rap Songs|US Rap]] <ref name="US RAP"/>
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Genie (YoungBoy Never Broke Again song)|Genie]]"
| 2018
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Genie" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 12 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || —
|
* RIAA: 3× Platinum<ref name=RIAA />
| ''Until Death Call My Name''
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Fish Scale (song)|Fish Scale]]"
| 2022
| 68 || 23 || 16
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
| ''Colors''
|-
! scope="row" | "Top Girls"
| rowspan="4" | 2023
| — || — || —
|
| rowspan="4"| ''I Rest My Case''
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Black (YoungBoy Never Broke Again song)|Black]]"
| 93 || 39 || 19
|
|-
! scope="row" | "I Love YB Skit"
| — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Groovy"
| — || — || —
|
|-
| colspan="7" style="font-size:90%" | "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory.
|}

==Other charted and certified songs==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+ List of songs, with selected chart positions and certifications, showing year released and album name
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:20em;"| Title
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:1em;" | Year
! scope="col" colspan="6"| Peak chart positions
! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:10em;"| [[List of music recording certifications|Certifications]]
! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Album
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard Hot 100|US]] <ref name="US100"/>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|US R&B/HH]] <ref name="Chart"/>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Hot Rap Songs|US Rap]] <ref name="US RAP" />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Canadian Hot 100|CAN]] <ref name=":0" />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|NZ Hot]] <ref>Peaks on the NZ Hot Singles Chart:
* "Jump": {{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=4850|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=April 27, 2020|access-date=April 25, 2020}}
* "My Window": {{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=4937|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=September 21, 2020|access-date=September 19, 2020}}
* "Tragic": {{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=4970|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=November 16, 2020|access-date=November 14, 2020}}
* "No Where": {{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=5211|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=October 4, 2021|access-date=October 2, 2021}}
* "To the Bone": {{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=5428|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=October 17, 2022|access-date=October 15, 2022}}
</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard Global 200|WW]] <ref name="WW"/>
|-
! scope="row"| "38 Baby"
| rowspan="2" |2016
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
| rowspan="2" |''38 Baby''
|-
! scope="row"| "Gravity"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | "No. 9"
| rowspan="6" |2017
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
| rowspan="3" |''AI YoungBoy''
|-
! scope="row" | "Graffiti"
| — || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Graffiti" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, but peaked at number 10 on the [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs#Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles|Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles]] chart.<ref name="BubblingR&B">{{cite magazine|url=https://roovet.com/Youngboy-Never-Broke-Again-Chart-History-Bubbling-Under-R-B-Hip-hop-Songs |title=Youngboy Never Broke Again Chart History Bubbling Under R&B Hip-hop Songs|magazine=Roovet|access-date=September 20, 2022}}</ref>}} || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row"| "GG"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "War With Us"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
| rowspan="2" |''Ain't Too Long''
|-
! scope="row"| "You the One"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/>
|-
! scope="row"| "Beast Mode" {{small|([[A Boogie wit da Hoodie]] featuring [[PnB Rock]] and YoungBoy Never Broke Again)}}
| 86 || 38 || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|date=March 5, 2019|title=American single certifications – A Boogie wit da Hoodie – Beast Mode|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&se=beast+mode#search_section|access-date=October 11, 2019|publisher=RIAA}}</ref>
| ''[[The Bigger Artist]]''
|-
! scope="row"| "[[NBAYoungBoat (Lil Yachty song)|NBAYoungBoat]]" {{small|([[Lil Yachty]] featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)}}
| rowspan="32" | 2018
| 63 || 31 || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name=RIAAFt/>
| ''[[Lil Boat 2]]''
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Overdose (YoungBoy Never Broke Again song)|Overdose]]"
| 42 || 22 || 16 || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/>
| rowspan="9" | ''Until Death Call My Name''
|-
! scope="row"| "Preach"
| 98 || —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Preach" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, but peaked at number one on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart.<ref name="BubblingR&B"/>}}|| — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row"| "Astronaut Kid"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "We Poppin" {{small|(featuring [[Birdman (rapper)|Birdman]])}}
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"We Poppin" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 10 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Solar Eclipse (song)|Solar Eclipse]]"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Solar Eclipse" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number six on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 46 || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/>
|-
! scope="row"| "Through the Storm"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row"| "Traumatized"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"|"Worth It"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row" | "Love Is Poison"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row"| "Show Me Your Love"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
| rowspan="2" | ''Master the Day of Judgement''
|-
! scope="row"| "Akbar"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "Trap House"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
| rowspan="8" |''4Respect 4Freedom 4Loyalty 4WhatImportant''
|-
! scope="row" | "Can't Be Saved"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row" | "Head On" {{small|(featuring [[Kevin Gates]])}}
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row" | "I Am Who They Say I Am" {{small|(featuring [[Quando Rondo]] and Kevin Gates)}}
| 69 || 24 || 21 || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row"| "TTG" {{small|(featuring Kevin Gates)}}
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"TTG" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number three on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}}|| 45 || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | "This for the" {{small|(featuring Quando Rondo)}}
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row" | "Nobody Hold Me" {{small|(featuring Quando Rondo)}}
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row" | "Drawing Symbols"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Drawing Symbols" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number two on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}}|| — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row" | "Sky Cry"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
| rowspan="5" |''Decided''
|-
! scope="row"| "Demon Seed"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | "No Love"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row"| "Murda" {{Small|(featuring [[Trippie Redd]])}}
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | "No Mentions"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"No Mentions" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 18 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row"| "Survivor"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Survivor" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 19 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
| rowspan="7" |''Realer''
|-
! scope="row" | "Slime Belief"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Slime Belief" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number two on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}}|| 49 || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row"| "Play Wit Us"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "Beam Effect"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "Cross Me" {{small|(featuring [[Lil Baby]] and [[Plies (rapper)|Plies]])}}
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Cross Me" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 22 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "Dope Lamp"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "I Came Thru"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "Carter Son"
| rowspan="16" | 2019
| 62 || 32 || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
| rowspan="15" | ''AI YoungBoy 2''
|-
! scope="row"| "Time I'm On"
| 79 || 39 || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row"| "Hot Now"
| 66 || 34 || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/>
|-
! scope="row"| "Seeming Like It"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Seeming Like It" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 15 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row"| "Rich as Hell"
| 79 || 38 || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "Head Blown"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Head Blown" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 17 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row"| "Ranada"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Ranada" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number four on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}}|| — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Lonely Child (song)|Lonely Child]]"
| 44 || 22 || 17 || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/>
|-
! scope="row"| "Gang Shit"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Gang Shit" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 16 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row"| "Rebel's Kick It"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Rebel's Kick It" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 11 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row"| "Outta Here Safe" {{small|(featuring Quando Rondo and [[NoCap]])}}
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Outta Here Safe" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 23 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "In Control"
| 73 || 37 || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "I Don't Know"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "Where the Love At"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "Free Time"
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "Hate Me" {{small|(Trippie Redd featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)}}
| 84 || 38 || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/>
|''[[A Love Letter to You 4]]''
|-
! scope="row"| "RIP Lil Phat"
| rowspan="46" | 2020
| 80 || 38 || — || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="14" | ''Still Flexin, Still Steppin''
|-
! scope="row"| "Knocked Off"
| 60 || 29 || 21 || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row"| "Lil Top"
| 28 || 14 || 9 || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row"| "Red Eye"
| 47 || 21 || 15 || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "Fine by Time"
| 58 || 28 || 20 || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | "Suited Panamera" {{small|(featuring Quando Rondo)}}
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Suited Panamera" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number four on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 48 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "How You Want It"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"How You Want It" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number five on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Long RD"
| 85 || 40 || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | "Okay"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Okay" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number nine on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Bat Man"
| 89 || 42 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Call Me Late"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Call Me Late" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 14 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Gunsmoke"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Gunsmoke" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 25 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Bad Bad"
| 59 || 30 || 22 || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | "No Understand"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"No Understand" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 11 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Jump (DaBaby song)|Jump]]" {{Small|([[DaBaby]] featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)}}
| 17 || 9 || 6 || 62 || 12 || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAAFt />
|''[[Blame It on Baby]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Bout My Business" {{small|(featuring Sherhonda Gaulden)}}
| 90 || 42 || — || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="12" |''38 Baby 2''
|-
! scope="row" | "Diamonds"
| 86 || 39 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Shadows"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Shadows" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 13 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Win Your Love"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Win Your Love" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number one on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Ain't Easy"
| 83 || 37 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Rough Ryder"
| 92 || 44 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "I-10 Baby"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"I-10 Baby" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number five on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Nawfside"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Nawfside" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number four on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Treat You Better"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Treat You Better" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 25 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Thug of Spades" {{small|(featuring DaBaby)}}
| 99 || 49 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "AI Nash"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"AI Nash" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number eight on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | "Ten Talk"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Ten Talk" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 15 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Drug Addiction (song)|Drug Addiction]]"
| 44 || 17 || 16 || — || — || 73
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
| rowspan="16" |''Top''
|-
! scope="row"| "Cross Roads"
| 76 || 28 || — || — || — || 133
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "The Last Backyard..."
| 81 || 31 || — || — || — || 141
|
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Right Foot Creep]]"
| 88 || 35 || — || — || — || 186
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row"| "Dirty Stick"
| 98 || 40 || — || — || — ||—
|
|-
! scope="row" | "[[My Window]]" {{small|(featuring [[Lil Wayne]])}}
| 35 || 14 || 13 || — || 21 || 52
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | "I'm Up"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"I'm Up" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number one on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 43 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Off Season"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Off Season" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number two on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 44 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Dead Trollz]]"
| 72 || 26 || 25 || — || — || 154
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | "Fuck Ya!"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Fuck Ya!" did not chart on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], but peaked at number 20 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Big Bankroll"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Big Bankroll!" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 21 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Reaper's Child"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Reaper's Child" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number nine on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "Murder Business"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Murder Business" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number four on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 41 || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | "[[House Arrest Tingz]]"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"House Arrest Tingz" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 16 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | "To My Lowest"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"To My Lowest" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number three on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 45 || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row" | "Peace Hardly"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Peace Hardly" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 13 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Tragic (song)|Tragic]]" {{Small|([[The Kid Laroi]] featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again and [[Internet Money Records|Internet Money]])}}
| 76 || 30 || — || 59 || 2 || 110
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name=RIAAFt/>
* ARIA: Gold<ref name=ARIA2021>{{cite certification|region=Australia|certyear=2021|access-date=February 4, 2022}}</ref>
* [[Music Canada|MC]]: Platinum<ref>{{cite certification|region=Canada|type=single|artist=The Kid Laroi|title=Tragic|access-date=November 23, 2022}}</ref>
| ''[[F*ck Love (Savage)]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Around"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Around" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 16 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="2" |''Until I Return''
|-
! scope="row" | "Chopper City"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Chopper City" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 18 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Hood Melody" {{small|([[DDG (rapper)|DDG]] and [[OG Parker]] featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)}}
| rowspan="19"| 2021
| — || — || — || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
| ''Die 4 Respect''
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Bad Morning]]"
| 28 || 9 || 7 || — || — || 55
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
| rowspan="16"| ''Sincerely, Kentrell''
|-
! scope="row"| "Hold Me Down"
| 53 || 20 || 17 || — || — || 103
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Smoke Strong"
| 61 || 26 || 22 || — || — || 124
|
|-
! scope="row"| "50 Shots"
| 59 || 24 || 20 || — || — || 118
|
|-
! scope="row"| "[[No Where (song)|No Where]]"
| 40 || 14 || 12 || — || 40 || 77
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "Sincerely"
| 67 || 29 || 24 || — || — || 149
|
|-
! scope="row"| "I Can't Take It Back"
| 69 || 30 || 25 || — || — || 156
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Rich Shit"
| 83 || 39 || — || — || — || 184
|
|-
! scope="row"| "My Killa"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"My Killa" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number two on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Break or Make Me"
| 62 || 27 || 23 || — || — || 151
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Forgiato"
| 80 || 38 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Baddest Thing"
| 92 || 44 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Level I Want to Reach"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Level I Want to Reach" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number five on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Kickstand"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Kickstand" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number one on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "All I Need"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"All I Need" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 18 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Panoramic"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Panoramic" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number nine on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Heart & Soul" {{small|(with Birdman)}}
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Heart & Soul" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number one on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 29 || 18 || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name=RIAA />
| rowspan="2"| ''From the Bayou''
|-
! scope="row"| "Black Ball" {{small|(with Birdman)}}
| 93 || 31 || 20 || — || — || —
|
* RIAA: Platinum<ref name=RIAA />
|-
! scope="row"| "Long Live"
| rowspan="50"| 2022
| 87 || 33 || 24 || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="14"| ''Colors''
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Bring It On (YoungBoy Never Broke Again song)|Bring It On]]"
| 60 || 19 || 13 || — || — || 182
|
|-
! scope="row"| "[[No Switch]]"
| 58 || 16 || 11 || — || — || 171
|
* RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA" />
|-
! scope="row"| "Smoke One"
| 97 || 40 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "2Hoo"
| 86 || 32 || 23 || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "DC Marvel"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"DC Marvel" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 19 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "How You Been"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"How You Been" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 10 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 50 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Expensive Taste"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Expensive Taste" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number four on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 44 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Cage Feeling"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Cage Feeling" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 16 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Dis & That"
| 89 || 35 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Gangsta" {{small|(featuring Quando Rondo)}}
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Gangsta" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number nine on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 49 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Know Like I Know"
| 74 || 29 || 22 || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Emo Rockstar"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Emo Rockstar" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 11 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "I Got This"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"I Got This" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 21 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "On This Line" {{small|(with DaBaby)}}
| —{{efn-ua|"On This Line" did not enter the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 15 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="3"| ''Better than You''
|-
! scope="row"| "WiFi" {{small|(with DaBaby)}}
| —{{efn-ua|"WiFi" did not enter the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 19 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Turbo" {{small|(with DaBaby)}}
| —{{efn-ua|"Turbo" did not enter the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number five on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 46 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "[[I Know (YoungBoy Never Broke Again song)|I Know]]"
| 46 || 13 || 11 || — || — || 195
|
| rowspan="24"| ''The Last Slimeto''
|-
! scope="row"| "Hold Your Own"
| 87 || 28 || 23 || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Umm Hmm]]"
| 37 || 11 || 9 || — || — || 119
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Top Sound"
| 86 || 30 || 25 || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "My Time"
| 90 || 34 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Free Dem 5's"
| 68 || 23 || 19 || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "My Go To" {{small|(featuring [[Kehlani]])}}
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"My Go To" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number one on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 39 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Lost Soul Survivor]]"
| 75 || 25 || 21 || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Fuck da Industry"
| 63 || 20 || 18 || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Kamikaze"
| 88 || 32 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Swerving"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Swerving" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 10 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 50 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Stay the Same"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Stay the Same" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number five on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 45 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Home Ain't Home]]" {{small|(featuring [[Rod Wave]])}}
| 47 || 14 || 12 || — || — || 181
|
|-
! scope="row"| "7 Days"
| 100 || 38 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Digital"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Digital" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number two on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 41 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Slow Down"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Slow Down" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 18 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Proof"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Proof" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number eight on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 48 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "4KT Baby"
| 96 || 30 || 24 || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "The North Bleeding"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"The North Bleeding" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number seven on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 46 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Loner Life"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Loner Life" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number two on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 37 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Acclaimed Emotions"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Acclaimed Emotions" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 10 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 49 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Wagwan"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Wagwan" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number four on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 41 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Holy"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Holy" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 25 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "I Got the Bag"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"I Got the Bag" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 19 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Put It on Me (YoungBoy Never Broke Again song)|Put It on Me]]"
| 63 || 16 || 11 || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="3"| ''Realer 2''
|-
! scope="row"| "Dangerous Love"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Dangerous Love" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 21 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 46 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Purge Me"
| 95 || 30 || 23 || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Back on My Feet"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Back on My Feet" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number four on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 35 || — || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="3"| ''3800 Degrees''
|-
! scope="row"| "Won't Step on Me"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Won't Step on Me" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 15 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 42 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Pimpin a Bitch"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Pimpin a Bitch" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 19 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 45 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "[[To the Bone (song)|To the Bone]]" {{small|(with [[Quavo]] and [[Takeoff (rapper)|Takeoff]])}}
| 83 || 24 || — || — || 32 || —
|
| ''[[Only Built for Infinity Links]]''
|-
! scope="row"| "Pop Out"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Pop Out" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 21 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || — || — || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="2"| ''Ma' I Got a Family''
|-
! scope="row"| "[[I Admit (YoungBoy Never Broke Again song)|I Admit]]" {{small|(featuring Nicki Minaj)}}
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"I Admit" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number eight on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 42 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Shmunk]]" {{Small|([[Yeat]] featuring YoungBoy Never Broke Again)}}
| rowspan="12"| 2023
| 83 || 29 || 18 || 100 || 27 || —
|
| ''[[Afterlyfe]]''
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Big Truck (song)|Big Truck]]"
| 100 || 28 || 18 || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="3"| ''Don't Try This at Home''
|-
! scope="row"| "Mr Gaulden"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Mr Gaulden" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number 14 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 39 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "[[What You Say]]" {{small|(featuring [[the Kid Laroi]] and [[Post Malone]])}}
| — || 47 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Bitch Let's Do It]]"
| 62 || 17 || 10 || — || — || —
|
| rowspan="8"| ''Richest Opp''
|-
! scope="row"| "I Got That Shit"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"I Got That Shit" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number one on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 32 || 22 || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "I Heard"
| 98 || 31 || 21 || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Hurt My Heart"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Hurt My Heart" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number nine on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 34 || 23 || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Dirty Thug"
| —{{efn|group=upper-alpha|"Dirty Thug" did not chart on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number ten on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="Bubbling"/>}} || 35 || 24 || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Just Flow"
| — || 50 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "Free Meechy"
| — || 43 || — || — || — || —
|
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Fuck the Industry Pt. 2]]"
| 87 || 28 || 18 || — || — || —
|
|-
| colspan="10" style="font-size:90%" |"—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory.
|}

==Guest appearances==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+ List of non-single guest appearances, with other performing artists, showing year released and album name
! scope="col" style="width:20em;"| Title
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Other performer(s)
! scope="col" | Album
|-
! scope="row"| "Reckless"
| rowspan="2" |2017
| [[Moneybagg Yo]]
| ''[[Federal 3X]]''
|-
! scope="row"| "Beast Mode"
| [[A Boogie wit da Hoodie]], [[PnB Rock]]
| ''[[The Bigger Artist]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Ride"
| rowspan="9" |2018
|[[Birdman (rapper)|Birdman]]
|''Before Anythang''
|-
! scope="row"| "[[NBAYoungBoat (Lil Yachty song)|NBAYoungBoat]]"
| [[Lil Yachty]]
| ''[[Lil Boat 2]]''
|-
! scope="row"| "3AM"
| Trill Sammy, [[Cashmere Cat]]
| ''No Sleep Vol.1''
|-
! scope="row"| "Elevate & Motivate"
| [[Trippie Redd]], Nel-Denarro
| ''[[A Love Letter to You 3]]''
|-
! scope="row"| "666"
| [[YG (rapper)|YG]]
| ''[[Stay Dangerous]]''
|-
! scope="row"| "Where We Come From"
| [[Shy Glizzy]]
| ''Fully Loaded''
|-
! scope="row"| "Can't Go Back"
| [[SOB X RBE]]
| ''Gangin II''
|-
! scope="row"| "Never Broke Again"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/young-scooter-drops-the-recipe-featuring-gunna-kodak-black-and-more-new-mixtape.118765.html | title=Young Scooter Drops "The Recipe" Featuring Gunna, Kodak Black, & More | website=HNHH | date=December 21, 2018 }}</ref>
| [[Young Scooter]]
| ''The Recipe''
|-
! scope="row"| "Cold Shoulder"
| [[Gucci Mane]]
| ''[[Evil Genius (album)|Evil Genius]]''
|-
! scope="row"| "For Keeps"
| rowspan="4" | 2019
| [[Rich the Kid]]
| ''[[The World Is Yours 2]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Trust"
| The Plug, [[Loski]], [[Nafe Smallz]]
| ''Plug Talk''
|-
! scope="row" | "Hot Boy"
| BBG Baby Joe, Birdman, [[9lokkNine]]
| ''B4 Its All Said & Done''
|-
! scope="row" | "Hate Me"
| Trippie Redd
| ''[[A Love Letter to You 4]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Racks On"
| rowspan="5" | 2020
| Rich the Kid
| ''[[Boss Man (album)|Boss Man]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Jump"
| [[DaBaby]]
| ''[[Blame It on Baby]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Tragic"
| [[The Kid Laroi]], [[Internet Money]]
|''[[F*ck Love (Savage)]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Save Me"
| [[2 Chainz]]
| ''[[So Help Me God!]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "So Real"
| [[French Montana]]
| ''[[CB5]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Hood Melody"
| 2021
| [[DDG (rapper)|DDG]], [[OG Parker]]
| ''Die 4 Respect''
|-
! scope="row" | "10 Bracelets"
| rowspan="9" | 2022
| 2 Chainz
| ''[[Dope Don't Sell Itself]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Flags To The Sky"
|[[NoCap]]
|''[[Mr. Crawford (album)|Mr. Crawford]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Sexin Me"
| {{N/A}}
| rowspan="2" | ''Never Broke Again Presents: Green Flag Activity''
|-
! scope="row" | "Never Ran"
|Rojay MLP
|-
! scope="row" | "O.P.P."
|[[The Game (rapper)|The Game]], [[DJ Paul]]
|''[[Drillmatic – Heart vs. Mind]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Amazing"
|P Yungin
|''DOY''
|-
! scope="row" | "[[To the Bone (song)|To the Bone]]"
|[[Quavo]], [[Takeoff (rapper)|Takeoff]]
|''[[Only Built for Infinity Links]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "With Us"
| {{N/A}}
|''Never Broke Again: Nightmare on 38th St''
|-
! scope="row" | "Far Away"
|Bway Yungy
|''Success Before Destruction''
|-
! scope="row" | "[[Shmunk]]"
| rowspan="4" | 2023
|[[Yeat]]
|''[[Afterlyfe]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "I Don't Mind"
|[[Lil Pump]]
|''[[Lil Pump 2]]''
|-
! scope="row" | "Slump"
| rowspan="2" {{N/A}}
| rowspan="2" | ''Never Broke Again Presents: Green Flag Activity, Vol. 2''
|-
! scope="row" | "I Need to Know"
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist-ua}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{YoungBoy Never Broke Again}}

[[Category:Discographies of American artists]]
[[Category:Hip hop discographies]]

Template:Infobox/testcases

2023-09-09T08:19:31Z

Tjmj: /* Eccentric styles */ Clear Category:Pages using infobox templates with ignored data cells

<noinclude>{{Template test cases notice}}</noinclude>

== Test ==

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|name = Infobox/testcases
|bodystyle =
|title = The Summit Church (title)
|titlestyle =
|above = The Summit Church (above)
|abovestyle =
|summary = The Summit Church (summary)
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css

|subheader = Subheader1
|subheader2 = Subheader2

|imagestyle =
|captionstyle =

|image = [[File:example.jpg|240px]]
|caption1 = Caption of image1
|image2 = [[File:example2.jpg|240px]]
|caption2 = Caption of image2

|headerstyle = background:#ccf;
|labelstyle = background:#ddf;
|datastyle =

|rowclass4 = testclass
|class4 = someclass
|header4 = General Info
|label4 =
|data4 =
|header5 =
|label5 = Location
|data5 = Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina
|label6 = Country
|data6 = United States
|label7 = Denomination
|data7 = Southern Baptist
|label8 =
|data8 =
|label9 = Website
|data9 = [http://www.summitchurch.cc/ www.summitchurch.cc]
|header10= History
|label10 =
|data10 =
|header11=
|label11 = Founded
|data11 = 1961
|header12= Clergy
|label12 =
|data12 =
|label13 = Senior Pastor
|data13 = J.D. Greear

|belowstyle = background:#ddf;
|belowclass= noprint
|below = Below
}}

== Reference lists in strange orders ==

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|name = Infobox/testcases
|bodystyle =
|title = The Summit Church (title)
|titlestyle =
|above = The Summit Church (above)
|abovestyle =
|summary = The Summit Church (summary)
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css

|belowstyle = background:#ddf;
|belowclass= noprint
|below = {{reflist|close}}

|subheader = Subheader1
|subheader2 = Subheader2

|imagestyle =
|captionstyle =

|image = [[File:example.jpg|240px]]
|caption1 = Caption of image1
|image2 = [[File:example2.jpg|240px]]
|caption2 = Caption of image2

|headerstyle = background:#ccf;
|labelstyle = background:#ddf;
|datastyle =

|header4 = General Info
|label4 =
|data4 =
|header5 =
|label5 = Location
|data5 = Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina<ref>Some reference.</ref>
|label6 = Country
|data6 = United States
|label7 = Denomination
|data7 = Southern Baptist
|label8 =
|data8 =
|label9 = Website
|data9 = [http://www.summitchurch.cc/ www.summitchurch.cc]
|header10= History
|label10 =
|data10 =
|header11=
|label11 = Founded
|data11 = 1961
|header12= Clergy
|label12 =
|data12 =
|label13 = Senior Pastor
|data13 = J.D. Greear
}}
{{reflist}}

== Custom width ==

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|bodystyle = width:20em;
|name = Infobox/doc
|title = Test Infobox
|titlestyle =
|headerstyle =
|labelstyle = width:33%
|datastyle =
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css

|header1 =
|label1 = Label 1
|data1 = Data 1
|header2 =
|label2 = Label 2
|data2 = Data 2
|header3 =
|label3 = Label 3
|data3 = Data 3
|header4 = Header 4
|label4 =
|data4 =
|header5 =
|label5 = Label 5
|data5 = Data 5: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.

|belowstyle =
|below = Below text
}}

== Test for child=yes ==

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
| headerstyle = background-color:#eee;
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| header1 = Main 1
| header2 = Main 2
| header3 = Main 3 {{ infobox/sandbox|child=yes|decat=yes
| headerstyle = background-color:#ccc;
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| header1 = Sub 3-1
| header2 = Sub 3-2
| label3 = Label 3-3
| data3 = Data 3-3
}}
| header4 = Main 4 {{ infobox/sandbox|child=yes|decat=yes
| labelstyle = background-color:#ccc;
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| label1 = Label 4-1
| data1 = Data 4-1
}}
| header5 = Main 5
}}

== Test for subbox=yes ==

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| headerstyle = background-color:#eee;
| labelstyle = background-color:#eee;
| header1 = Main 1
| header2 = Main 2
| data3 = {{ infobox/sandbox|subbox=yes
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| headerstyle = background-color:#ccc;
| labelstyle = background-color:#ddd;
| header1 = Sub 3-1
| header2 = Sub 3-2
| label3 = Label 3-3
| data3 = Data 3-3
}}
| data4 = {{ infobox/sandbox|subbox=yes
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| labelstyle = background-color:#ccc;
| label1 = Label 4-1
| data1 = Data 4-1
}}
| label5 = Label 5
| data5 = Data 5
| header6 = Main 6
}}

== Simple embedding ==

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| title = Top level title
| data1 = {{Infobox/sandbox|decat=yes
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| child = yes
| title = First subsection
| label1= Label 1.1
| data1 = Data 1.1
}}
| data2 = {{Infobox/sandbox|decat=yes
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| child = yes
| title = Second subsection
| label1= Label 2.1
| data1 = Data 2.1
}}
|belowstyle =
|below = Below text
}}

== Child infobox in header field ==

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
| title = Top level title
| header1 = {{Infobox/sandbox|decat=yes
| child = yes
| title = First subsection
| label1= Label 1.1
| data1 = Data 1.1
}}
| header2 = {{Infobox/sandbox|decat=yes
| child = yes
| title = Second subsection
| label1= Label 2.1
| data1 = Data 2.1
}}
|belowstyle =
|below = Below text
}}

== Child in header field II ==

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| title = Top level title
| header1 = First subsection
{{Infobox/sandbox|decat=yes
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| child = yes
| label1= Label 1.1
| data1 = Data 1.1
}}
| header2 = Second subsection
{{Infobox/sandbox|decat=yes
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| child = yes
| label1= Label 2.1
| data1 = Data 2.1
}}
|belowstyle =
|below = Below text
}}

== Sidebar with subbox ==

{{test case nowiki|format=columns|showcode=no|<nowiki>{{sidebar
| navbar = off
| headingstyle = background-color:#eee;
| heading1 = Heading 1
| heading2 = Heading 2
| content3 = {{Infobox|subbox=yes
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| headerstyle = background-color:#ccc;
| labelstyle = background-color:#ddd;
| header1 = Sub 3-1
| header2 = Sub 3-2
| label3 = Label 3-3
| data3 = Data 3-3
}}
| content4 = {{__TEMPLATENAME__|subbox=yes
| labelstyle = background-color:#ccc;
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| label1 = Label 4-1
| data1 = Data 4-1
}}
| heading5 = Heading 5
}}</nowiki>
}}

== child test: title and above ==

{{Testcase table|_template3=Infobox3cols|_showcode=yes|_output=nowiki+
| child = yes
| title = title
| above = above
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
}}

== child test: header, label, and data ==

{{Testcase table|_template3=Infobox3cols|_showcode=yes|_output=nowiki
| child = yes
| header1 = header1
| label2 = label2
| data2 = data2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
}}

== Aristotle ==

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| bodyclass = vcard
| child =
| title = {{#ifeq:|yes |Philosophical career |Aristotle }}
| titleclass = fn
| image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=Aristotle Altemps Inv8575.jpg|size=|sizedefault=frameless|alt=}}
| captionstyle = padding-top:0.45em;line-height:1.1em;
| caption = Marble bust of Aristotle. Roman copy after a Greek bronze original by [[Lysippus]] c. 330 BC. The alabaster mantle is modern.
| label1 = Full name
| data1 =
| label2 = Other names
| class2 = nickname
| data2 =
| label3 = Born
| data3 = {{br separated entries|{{#if:|{{{birth_name}}}}}|384 BC [[Stagira (ancient city)|Stagira]], [[Chalcidice]]|}}
| label4 = Died
| data4 = {{br separated entries|322 BC (aged 61 or 62) [[Euboea]]||}}
| label5 = Residence
| data5 =
| label6 = Nationality
| data6 = [[Greeks|Greek]]
| label7 = Era
| data7 = [[Ancient philosophy]]
| label8 = Region
| data8 = Western philosophy
| label9 = Religion
| data9 =
| label10 = [[List of schools of philosophy|School]]
| data10 = [[Peripatetic school]] [[Aristotelianism]]
| label11 = Main interests
| data11 = [[Physics]], [[Metaphysics]], [[Poetry]], [[Theatre]], [[Music]], [[Rhetoric]], [[Politics]], [[Government]], [[Ethics]], [[Biology]], [[Zoology]]
| label12 = Books
| data12 =
| label13 = Alma mater
| data13 =
| label14 = Institutions
| data14 =
| label15 = Notable ideas
| data15 = [[Golden mean (philosophy)|Golden mean]], [[Aristotelian logic]], [[syllogism]], [[hexis]], [[hylomorphism]], [[On the Soul|Aristotle's theory of soul]]
| data16 = {{#if:[[Parmenides]], [[Socrates]], [[Plato]], [[Heraclitus]], [[Democritus]]
| {{Collapsible list
| expand =
| title = Influenced by
| frame_style = border:none; padding:0;
| list_style = text-align:center;
| 1 = [[Parmenides]], [[Socrates]], [[Plato]], [[Heraclitus]], [[Democritus]]
}}
}}
| data17 = {{#if:Virtually all [[Western philosophy]] that came after his works; [[Alexander the Great]], [[Cicero]], [[Avicenna]], [[Averroes]], [[Maimonides]], [[Albertus Magnus]], [[Thomas Aquinas]], [[Duns Scotus]], [[Ptolemy]], [[Nicolaus Copernicus|Copernicus]], [[Galileo]], and most of [[Islamic philosophy]], [[Jewish philosophy]], [[Christian philosophy]], [[science]] and '''[[List of writers influenced by Aristotle|more...]]'''.
| {{Collapsible list
| expand =
| title = Influenced
| frame_style = border:none; padding:0;
| list_style = text-align:center;
| 1 = Virtually all [[Western philosophy]] that came after his works; [[Alexander the Great]], [[Cicero]], [[Avicenna]], [[Averroes]], [[Maimonides]], [[Albertus Magnus]], [[Thomas Aquinas]], [[Duns Scotus]], [[Ptolemy]], [[Nicolaus Copernicus|Copernicus]], [[Galileo]], and most of [[Islamic philosophy]], [[Jewish philosophy]], [[Christian philosophy]], [[science]] and '''[[List of writers influenced by Aristotle|more...]]'''.
}}
}}
| label18 = Awards
| data18 =
| label19 = Signature
| data19 = {{#if:|{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=|size=|sizedefault=128px|alt=}} }}
| label20 = Website
| data20 =
}}

== Aristotle no line-height ==

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| bodyclass = vcard
| child =
| title = Aristotle
| titleclass = fn
| image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=Aristotle Altemps Inv8575.jpg|size=|sizedefault=frameless|alt=}}
| captionstyle = padding-top:0.45em;
| caption = Marble bust of Aristotle. Roman copy after a Greek bronze original by [[Lysippus]] c. 330 BC. The alabaster mantle is modern.
| label6 = Nationality
| data6 = [[Greeks|Greek]]
}}

== Eccentric styles ==
{{Suppress categories|
{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
|name = Infobox/testcases
|bodystyle = width:350px;
|title = Title
|titlestyle = font-face:serif;
|above = Above
|abovestyle = font-size:85%;

|imagestyle = float:right;
|captionstyle = font-weight:bold;

|image = [[File:example.jpg|240px]]
|caption = Caption
|image2 = [[File:example2.jpg|240px]]
|caption2 = Caption2

|headerstyle = font-size:130%;
|labelstyle = font-size:110%;
|datastyle = font-size:90%;

|header1 = header1
|label1 = label1
|data1 = data1
|header2 = header2
|label2 = label2
|data2 = data2
|header3 = header3
|label3 =
|data3 =
|header4 =
|label4 = label4
|data4 =
|header5 =
|label5 =
|data5 = data5
|header6 =
|label6 = label6
|data6 = data6
|header7 = header7
|label7 =
|data7 = data7
|header8 = header8
|label8 = label8
|data8 =
|header9 =
|label9 =
|data9 =
|header10 =
|label10 =
|data10 =
|header11 =
|label11 =
|data11 = data11
|header12 =
|label12 =
|data12 =
|header13 =
|label13 =
|data13 =
|header14 =
|label14 =
|data14 =
|header15 =
|label15 =
|data15 =
|header16 =
|label16 =
|data16 =
|header17 =
|label17 =
|data17 =
|header18 =
|label18 =
|data18 =
|header19 = header19
|label19 =
|data19 =
|header20 =
|label20 =
|data20 =

|belowstyle = font-size:140%;
|below = below
}}
}}

== Eccentric styles autoheaders ==
:{{para|autoheaders|true}}
:{{para|data2|<blank>}}, so header2 empty, expect omitted
{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
|name = Infobox/testcases
|bodystyle = width:350px;
|title = Title
|titlestyle = font-face:serif;
|above = Above
|abovestyle = font-size:85%;
|autoheaders = true

|imagestyle = float:right;
|captionstyle = font-weight:bold;

|image = [[File:example.jpg|240px]]
|caption = Caption
|image2 = [[File:example2.jpg|240px]]
|caption2 = Caption2

|headerstyle = font-size:130%;
|labelstyle = font-size:110%;
|datastyle = font-size:90%;

|header1 = header1
|label1 = label1
|data1 = data1
|header2 = header2
|label2 = label2
|data2 =
|header3 = header3
|label3 = label3
|data3 =
|header4 =
|label4 = label4
|data4 =
|header5 =
|label5 =
|data5 = data5
|header6 =
|label6 = label6
|data6 = data6
|header7 = header7
|label7 =
|data7 = data7
|header8 = header8
|label8 = label8
|data8 =
|header9 =
|label9 =
|data9 =
|header10 =
|label10 =
|data10 =
|header11 =
|label11 =
|data11 = data11
|header12 =
|label12 =
|data12 =
|header13 =
|label13 =
|data13 =
|header14 =
|label14 =
|data14 =
|header15 =
|label15 =
|data15 =
|header16 =
|label16 =
|data16 =
|header17 =
|label17 =
|data17 =
|header18 =
|label18 =
|data18 =
|header19 = header19
|label19 =
|data19 =
|header20 =
|label20 =
|data20 =

|belowstyle = font-size:140%;
|below = below
}}

== Table in infobox row ==

{{testcase rows|_format=width:100%|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| bodyclass = vcard

| titleclass = fn org
| title = Lufthansa ''Deutsche Lufthansa AG''

| data1 =
{{{!}} style="text-align: center; width: 100%; background-color: lightgrey"
! style="border-right:1px solid white" {{!}} [[IATA airline designator|IATA]] '''LH'''
! style="border-right:1px solid white" {{!}} [[ICAO airline designator|ICAO]] '''DLH'''
! {{!}} [[Airline call sign|Callsign]] '''LUFTHANSA'''
{{!}}}

| label5 = Founded
| data5 = 1953

}}
{{-}}

{{col-float}}
{{Infobox
| data1 = {{Infobox
| child = yes
| headerstyle = background: {{Template:Infobox album/color|single}}
| header1 = [[Smash Mouth]] singles chronology
| data2 =
{{(!}} style="background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"
{{!}}- style="line-height: 1.4em;"
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0" {{!}} "[[Can't Get Enough of You Baby#Smash Mouth version|Can't Get Enough of You Baby]]" (1998)
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em" {{!}} "'''All Star'''" (1999)
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em" {{!}} "[[Then the Morning Comes]]" (1999)
{{!}}-
{{!)}}
}}
{{Infobox
| child = yes
| headerstyle = background: {{Template:Infobox album/color|single}}
| header1 = [[Smash Mouth]] singles chronology
| data2 =
{{(!}} style="background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"
{{!}}- style="line-height: 1.4em;"
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0" {{!}} "[[Can't Get Enough of You Baby#Smash Mouth version|Can't Get Enough of You Baby]]" (1998)
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em" {{!}} "'''All Star'''" (1999)
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em" {{!}} "[[Then the Morning Comes]]" (1999)
{{!}}-
{{!)}}
}}
{{Infobox
| child = yes
| headerstyle = background: {{Template:Infobox album/color|studio}}
| data1 =
| header2 = ''[[Wings at the Speed of Sound]]'' track listing
| rowcellstyle3 = text-align:left
| data3 = {{Wings at the Speed of Sound tracks}}
}}
{{Infobox
| child = yes
| headerstyle = background: {{Template:Infobox album/color|single}}
| header1 = [[Smash Mouth]] singles chronology
| data2 =
{{(!}} style="background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"
{{!}}- style="line-height: 1.4em;"
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0" {{!}} "[[Can't Get Enough of You Baby#Smash Mouth version|Can't Get Enough of You Baby]]" (1998)
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em" {{!}} "'''All Star'''" (1999)
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em" {{!}} "[[Then the Morning Comes]]" (1999)
{{!}}-
{{!)}}
}}
}}
{{col-float-break}}
{{Infobox/sandbox
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| data1 = {{Infobox/sandbox
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| child = yes
| headerstyle = background: {{Template:Infobox album/color|single}}
| header1 = [[Smash Mouth]] singles chronology
| data2 =
{{(!}} style="background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"
{{!}}- style="line-height: 1.4em;"
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0" {{!}} "[[Can't Get Enough of You Baby#Smash Mouth version|Can't Get Enough of You Baby]]" (1998)
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em" {{!}} "'''All Star'''" (1999)
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em" {{!}} "[[Then the Morning Comes]]" (1999)
{{!}}-
{{!)}}
}}
{{Infobox/sandbox
| child = yes
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| headerstyle = background: {{Template:Infobox album/color|single}}
| header1 = [[Smash Mouth]] singles chronology
| data2 =
{{(!}} style="background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"
{{!}}- style="line-height: 1.4em;"
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0" {{!}} "[[Can't Get Enough of You Baby#Smash Mouth version|Can't Get Enough of You Baby]]" (1998)
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em" {{!}} "'''All Star'''" (1999)
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em" {{!}} "[[Then the Morning Comes]]" (1999)
{{!}}-
{{!)}}
}}
{{Infobox/sandbox
| child = yes
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| headerstyle = background: {{Template:Infobox album/color|studio}}
| data1 =
| header2 = ''[[Wings at the Speed of Sound]]'' track listing
| rowcellstyle3 = text-align:left
| data3 = {{Wings at the Speed of Sound tracks}}
}}
{{Infobox/sandbox
| child = yes
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| headerstyle = background: {{Template:Infobox album/color|single}}
| header1 = [[Smash Mouth]] singles chronology
| data2 =
{{(!}} style="background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"
{{!}}- style="line-height: 1.4em;"
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0" {{!}} "[[Can't Get Enough of You Baby#Smash Mouth version|Can't Get Enough of You Baby]]" (1998)
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em" {{!}} "'''All Star'''" (1999)
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em" {{!}} "[[Then the Morning Comes]]" (1999)
{{!}}-
{{!)}}
}}
}}
{{col-float-break}}
{{Infobox/sandbox2
| data1 = {{Infobox/sandbox2
| child = yes
| headerstyle = background: {{Template:Infobox album/color|single}}
| header1 = [[Smash Mouth]] singles chronology
| data2 =
{{(!}} style="background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"
{{!}}- style="line-height: 1.4em;"
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0" {{!}} "[[Can't Get Enough of You Baby#Smash Mouth version|Can't Get Enough of You Baby]]" (1998)
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em" {{!}} "'''All Star'''" (1999)
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em" {{!}} "[[Then the Morning Comes]]" (1999)
{{!}}-
{{!)}}
}}
{{Infobox/sandbox2
| child = yes
| headerstyle = background: {{Template:Infobox album/color|single}}
| header1 = [[Smash Mouth]] singles chronology
| data2 =
{{(!}} style="background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"
{{!}}- style="line-height: 1.4em;"
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0" {{!}} "[[Can't Get Enough of You Baby#Smash Mouth version|Can't Get Enough of You Baby]]" (1998)
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em" {{!}} "'''All Star'''" (1999)
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em" {{!}} "[[Then the Morning Comes]]" (1999)
{{!}}-
{{!)}}
}}
{{Infobox/sandbox2
| child = yes
| headerstyle = background: {{Template:Infobox album/color|studio}}
| data1 =
| header2 = ''[[Wings at the Speed of Sound]]'' track listing
| rowcellstyle3 = text-align:left
| data3 = {{Wings at the Speed of Sound tracks}}
}}
{{Infobox/sandbox2
| child = yes
| headerstyle = background: {{Template:Infobox album/color|single}}
| header1 = [[Smash Mouth]] singles chronology
| data2 =
{{(!}} style="background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"
{{!}}- style="line-height: 1.4em;"
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0" {{!}} "[[Can't Get Enough of You Baby#Smash Mouth version|Can't Get Enough of You Baby]]" (1998)
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em" {{!}} "'''All Star'''" (1999)
{{!}} style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em" {{!}} "[[Then the Morning Comes]]" (1999)
{{!}}-
{{!)}}
}}
}}
{{col-float-end}}

== Orphaned references ==

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| label1 = label1
| data1 = data1
| label2 = {{#tag:ref|A reference|name="someref"}}
}}

== Captionstyle text-align left ==

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
|title = Eurozone (euro area)
|image = [[File:Eurozone.svg|200px|alt=The eurozone as of 2013]]
|captionstyle = text-align:left;
|caption =
{{legend|#003399|Eurozone as of 2013}}
{{legend|#3366CC|Non-[[European Union|EU]] territories using the euro}}
{{legend|gray|[[European Union|EU]] member states outside the Eurozone}}
|headerstyle = background:#ccf;
|labelstyle = background:#ddf;
|datastyle =
|label1 = Currency
|data1 = [[euro]]
}}

== Individual row styles ==

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
|header1 = header1 red
|rowstyle1 = background-color:red
|label2 = label2
|data2 = data2
|rowstyle3 = background-color:wheat
|label3 = label3 wheat
|data3 = data3 wheat
|rowstyle4 = background-color:pink
|data4 = data4 pink
}}

== Individual header styles ==

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
|header1 = header1 red
|rowstyle1 = background-color: red
|data2 = data2
|data3 = data3
|header4 = header4 blue
|rowstyle4 = background-color: blue
|data5 = data5
|data6 = data6
|header7 = header7 green
|rowstyle7 = background-color: green
|data8 = data8
|data9 = data9
|header10 = header10 pink
|rowstyle10 = background-color: pink
|data11 = data11
|data12 = data12
|header13 = header13 grey
|rowstyle13 = background-color: grey
|data14 = data14
|data15 = data15
}}

== Odd/even header styles ==

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
|oddheaderstyle = background-color: red
|evenheaderstyle = background-color: green
|header1 = header1
|data2 = data2
|data3 = data3
|header4 = header4
|data5 = data5
|header6 = header6
|data7 = data7
|data8 = data8
|header9 = header9
|data10 = data10
|data11 = data11
|header12 = header12
|data13 = data13
|data14 = data14
}}

== Overimage / overcaption ==

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
|above = above

|subheader = Subheader1
|subheader2 = Subheader2

|overimage = [[File:example.jpg|240px]]
|overcaption = Caption of overimage

|imagestyle =
|captionstyle =

|image = [[File:example.jpg|240px]]
|caption1 = Caption of image1
|image2 = [[File:example2.jpg|240px]]
|caption2 = Caption of image2
}}

== Individual header/label/data styles ==

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| header1 = header1 red
| header1style = background: red
| label2 = label2 blue
| label2style = background: blue
| data2 = data2 green
| data2style = background: green
| header3 = header3 pink
| header3style = background: pink
| label4 = label4 grey
| label4style = background: grey
| data4 = data4 yellow
| data4style = background: yellow
}}

== Two plain lists ==

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| bodyclass = plainlist
| label1 = List 1 | data1 =
* A
* B
| label2 = List 2 | data2 =
* C
* D
}}

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| bodyclass = plainlist
| label1 = List 1 | data1 =
* A
| label2 = List 2 | data2 =
* B
}}

== Mixed text and lists ==

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| above = Without additional div tags
| label1 = Battles
| data1 = [[World War I]]
* [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]]
}}
{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| above = With additional div tags
| label1 = Battles
| data1 = <div>[[World War I]]
* [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]]</div>
}}

== Test for subbox=yes with HTML tagging for collapsing subsection ==

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
| headerstyle = background-color:#eee;
| labelstyle = background-color:#eee;
| header1 = Main 1
| header2 = Main 2
| data3 = {{ infobox|subbox=yes
| headerstyle = background-color:#ccc;
| labelstyle = background-color:#ddd;
| header1 = Sub 3-1
| header2 = Sub 3-2
| label3 = Label 3-3
| data3 = Data 3-3
}}
| header4 = {{#if: true | <div class="mw-collapsible {{#if:{{{expand|}}}||mw-collapsed}}" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;">
<div style="font-size:105%; line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div style="margin: 0 4em;">Title Collapse</div></div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size:105%;">
{{infobox|subbox=yes
| label1 = Label 4-1
| data1 = Data 4-1
| label2 = Label 4-2
| data2 = Data 4-2
}}}}</div></div>
| label5 = Label 5
| data6 = Data 5
| header7 = Main 6
}}

==autoheaders = yes==
:new, June 2020

*testing: {{para|data12}} has no data, does have  /span> tag.
:--> data-row treated as non-empty.
{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|title=check css / old
|headerstyle=background:yellow
|header1= Header1
|label2=I2
|data2={{#ifeq:a|a|d1|}}

|header11 = Header11
|label12=I12
|data12={{#ifeq:a|b|d12|}}

|header21 = Header21
|label22=I22
|data22={{#ifeq:a|b|d22|}}
}}

{{testcase table|_template3=Infobox/sandbox2
|title=check css / a.h.=yes
|autoheaders=yes
|headerstyle=background:pink
|header1= Header1
|label2=I2
|data2={{#ifeq:a|a|d1|}}

|header11 = Header11
|label12=I12
|data12={{#ifeq:a|b|d12|}}

|header21 = Header21
|label22=I22
|data22={{#ifeq:a|b|d22|}}
}}

== Hidden rows for no-content except categories ==
Use [[Special:ExpandTemplates]] to test this.
{{infobox/sandbox
|templatestyles = Infobox/sandbox/styles.css
|title=Sandbox
|label1=Label1
|data1=Data1
|label2=Label2
|data2=[[Category:Template test cases]]
}}
{{infobox
|title=Current
|label1=Label1
|data1=Data1
|label2=Label2
|data2=[[Category:Template test cases]]
}}

{{clear}}

== List class support ==
=== Don't emit TStyles from an empty template ===
{{test case|_collapsible=no|_title=|_output=nowiki+|_showcode=yes
|rowclass4=plainlist hlist
}}

{{test case|_collapsible=no|_title=|_output=nowiki+|_showcode=yes
|titleclass=plainlist hlist
}}

=== Emit 3 TStyles (hlist -> plainlist -> base), two nowiki markers, in title and above ===

{{test case|_collapsible=no|_title=|_output=nowiki+|_showcode=yes
|titleclass=plainlist
|title=<nowiki/>
* A list
|aboveclass=hlist
|above=<nowiki/>
* A list
}}

=== Emit 3 TStyles (hlist -> plainlist -> base) for image4 and image5 ===
{{test case|_collapsible=no|_title=|_output=nowiki+|_showcode=yes
|imagerowclass4=plainlist
|image4=
* A list
|imagerowclass5=hlist
|image5=
* A list
}}

=== Emit 1 TStyle (base only) because rowclass and image aren't relevant ===
{{test case|_collapsible=no|_title=|_output=nowiki+|_showcode=yes
|rowclass4=plainlist
|image4=
* A list
|rowclass5=hlist
|image5=
* A list
}}

==References==
:For whole testpage
<references/>

User:PenangLion/Reformasi sandbox

2023-09-09T08:14:16Z

Tjmj: Clear Category:Pages using infobox templates with ignored data cells

= Reformasi =
{{Confused|Reformasi (Indonesia)|text=the [[Reformasi (Indonesia)|Indonesian reformation era]]}}{{Infobox civil conflict
| title = Reformasi
| partof =
| image = [[File:Street protests in Kuala Lumpur after Anwar Ibrahim's sentencing, April 1999.jpg|350px]]
| caption = Street protests in Kuala Lumpur after Anwar Ibrahim's sentencing, April 1999.
| date = 12 September 1998 – [[2018 Malaysian general election|9 May 2018]]
| place = [[Malaysia]]
| coordinates =
| side3 =
| causes = * [[1997 Asian financial crisis]]
* Power struggle between Mahathir Mohamad and Anwar Ibrahim
* Islamisation of Malaysian politics
* Other indirect causes
| goals = * [[Anwar Ibrahim]] assumes prime ministerial roles
* Reforms in [[social equality]], [[social justice]] and [[meritocracy]]
| methods = [[Civil disobedience]], [[Demonstration (protest)|demonstrations]], [[Sit-in|sit-ins]], [[Rioting|rioting]], [[Occupation (protest)|occupations]], [[Internet activism|online activism]]
| result = * Formation of [[Barisan Alternatif]], [[Pakatan Rakyat]] and [[Pakatan Harapan]]
* Anwar detained under [[Internal Security Act]] in 1998, subsequently jailed and released from prison in 2004
* Anwar becomes [[Leader of the Opposition (Malaysia)|Leader of the Opposition]] twice, between 2008 and 2015, and later from 2020 onwards
* Resignation of [[Mahathir Mohamad]] in 2003 and [[Abdullah Badawi]] in 2009
* Electoral loses of [[Barisan Nasional]] in the [[2008 Malaysian general election|2008]], [[2013 Malaysian general election|2013]] and [[2018 Malaysian general election]]
| side1 = 1998{{ndash}}2004: 
'''[[Barisan Alternatif|Alternative Front]]'''
*[[People's Justice Party (Malaysia)|People's Justice Party]] (KEADILAN, 1998{{ndash}}2003)
*[[Parti Rakyat Malaysia]] (PRM, 1998{{ndash}}2003)
*[[People's Justice Party]] (PKR, 2003{{ndash}}2004)
*[[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party]] (PAS)
*[[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|Democratic Action Party]] (DAP, 1998{{ndash}}2001)
 
'''[[Non-governmental organisations]]'''
*Social Justice Movement (ADIL)
*[[Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia]] (ABIM)
*[[Suara Rakyat Malaysia]] (SUARAM)
*Malaysian Chinese Organizations' Election Appeals Committee (SUQIU)
| side2 = 1998{{ndash}}2003: 
'''[[Barisan Nasional|National Front]]'''
*[[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO)
*[[Malaysian Chinese Association]] (MCA)
*[[Malaysian Indian Congress]] (MIC)
*[[Malaysian People's Movement Party]] (GERAKAN)
*[[Sarawak United People's Party]] (SUPP)
 
'''[[Government of Malaysia]]'''
*[[Royal Malaysian Police]]
*[[Fifth Mahathir cabinet]]
*[[Sixth Mahathir cabinet]]
| leadfigures1 = *'''[[Anwar Ibrahim]]'''
*[[Wan Azizah Wan Ismail]]
*[[Lim Kit Siang]]
*[[Lim Guan Eng]]
*[[Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat]]
*[[Ahmad Zahid Hamidi]]
| leadfigures2 = *'''[[Mahathir Mohamad]]'''
*[[Abdullah Ahmad Badawi]]
*[[Najib Razak]]
*[[Ling Liong Sik]]
*[[Samy Vellu]]
*[[Hishamuddin Hussein]]
| howmany1 =
| casualties1 =
| notes =
| fatalities1 =
| injuries1 =
| arrests1 = 16 protesters
| detentions1 =
| charged1 =
| fined1 =
}}

'''Reformasi''' was a [[political movement]] in [[Malaysia]] that occurred between 1998 until 2004. It was initiated on 12 September 1998 by [[Anwar Ibrahim]], former [[Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia|deputy prime minister]] of Malaysia, after he was sacked from his position by Malaysia's then-[[Prime Minister of Malaysia|prime minister]], [[Mahathir Mohamad]]. The movement, inspired by the [[Fall of Suharto|downfall of Suharto's regime in Indonesia]], demanded the resignation of Mahathir and for the end of [[corruption]] and [[cronyism]] within the [[Barisan Nasional]]-led government. Afterwards, the movement evolved into a [[Reform movement|reformist campaign]] demanding [[social equality]] and [[social justice]] in Malaysia. The movement consisted of [[civil disobedience]], [[Demonstration (protest)|demonstrations]], [[Sit-in|sit-ins]], [[rioting]], [[Occupation (protest)|occupations]] and [[Internet activism|online activism]].{{sfn|Suhaimi 2018}} It is the largest democratic movement in Malaysian history.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lemière |first=Sophie |date=December 2022 |title=The (Final) Rise of Anwar Ibrahim |url=https://journalofdemocracy.org/the-final-rise-of-anwar-ibrahim/ |access-date=3 August 2023 |website=Journal of Democracy |language=en-US}}</ref>

The first Reformasi movement led to Anwar's arrest by Malaysian authorities shortly after. [[Wan Azizah Wan Ismail]], Anwar's wife, led the movement and formed the Social Justice Movement ({{lang-ms|Pergerakan Keadilan Sosial}}, known by its abbreviations, ADIL) in late-1998.{{sfn|ADIL 1998}}

However, after facing difficulties in registering ADIL as a formal political party, remnants of the movement merged with the [[Ikatan Masyarakat Islam Malaysia]] (IKATAN), a minor [[Islam|Islamic]] political party based in [[Terengganu]], leading to the formation of [[People's Justice Party (Malaysia)#Foundation|Parti Keadilan Nasional]] (PKN) in 1999.{{sfn|Mahmud 2018}} Along with the [[Democratic Action Party]] (DAP), [[Parti Rakyat Malaysia]] (PRM) and [[Malaysian Islamic Party]] (PAS), [[Barisan Alternatif]] (BA) was formed in 24 October 1999, and contested in the [[1999 Malaysian general election|1999]] and [[2004 Malaysian general election]].

In 2003, PKN and PRM merged and became the [[People's Justice Party (Malaysia)|Parti Keadilan Rakyat]] (PKR). PKR was instrumental in the creation of [[Pakatan Rakyat]] (PR), which scored electoral successes in the [[2008 Malaysian general election|general elections of 2008]] and [[2013 Malaysian general election|2013]], and later as [[Pakatan Harapan]] (PH) in the [[2018 Malaysian general election]], which saw BN losing its parliamentary majority for the first time since [[1955 Malayan general election|1955]].

The Reformasi movement has inspired several democracy protest movements in Malaysia in recent decades, notably the [[Bersih|Bersih movement]] and [[2013 Malaysian general election protest|Himpunan Black Out]] protests, and is seen as a forerunner in the democratisation of Malaysian politics after 2018.

== Etymology ==
The term ''reformasi'' is a Malay derivative of [[reform]] or reformation. [[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]] (DBP) defines ''reformasi'' as "a change or renewal that leads to an improved state, such as in the social hierachy, politics, and the culture of a society".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Reformasi |trans-title=Reformation |url=https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=reformasi |access-date=3 August 2023 |website=Kamus Bahasa Melayu |publisher=[[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]] |language=ms}}</ref> ''Reformasi'' was first widely used to refer to the [[Post-Suharto era in Indonesia|1998 Indonesian revolutions]] which resulted in the resignation of [[Suharto]] as the president of Indonesia. It was later used as a general term to define the popular protests in Malaysia after September 1998 following the sacking of Anwar Ibrahim as prime minister.

Anwar first used ''reformasi'' in the ''Permatang Pauh Declaration'' on 12 September 1998. It was used as a popular slogan among protesters during the first major demonstrations in Kuala Lumpur on 20 September 1998.

== Background ==

=== Domestic political and bureaucratic Islamization ===
The local politicization of Islam in the [[Malay Peninsula]] was first observed in the 1920s, with the arrival of modernist ''ulamak'' (English: religious scholars) in [[British Malaya]] that called upon the rejection of traditionalist interpretations of Islam. This interpretation was later incorporated into the local bureaucracy, with the formation of several state departments and a system of [[Sharia|Sharia courts]] related to such affairs. After the [[Second World War]], the first Malayan Islamic political parties were established, ''e.g.'' the [[Hizbul Muslimin]] (HM, March{{Ndash}}August 1948), and the [[Pan-Malayan Islamic Party]] (PAS, 1951{{Ndash}}present).{{sfn|Syed Hassan|2006|p=44}} They initially pursued [[anti-colonialist]] stances, with the ultimate goal being [[Independence|independent]] from [[British colonialism|British control]], and the formation of a Malayan ''Darul Islam'' (English: Islamic state) through democratic processes.{{sfn|Syed Hassan|2006|p=45}}

==== Political dissent of the Rahman-era ====
By the 1960s, the typical Malay youth was described as being engrossed in Western [[Hedonistic|hedonism]], popularized by entertainment media. Voices of Malay dissent against the [[pro-western]] Rahman governments were characterized in two distinct [[Blocs of political parties|blocs]]: the [[Socialism|socialists]], and the [[Islamism|Islamists]].{{sfn|Abdul Hamid|2002|p=91}}

The socialists, led by Malay intellectuals such as [[Ishak Haji Muhammad]], [[Syed Husin Ali]], [[Kassim Ahmad]], [[Ahmad Boestamam]], ''etc.'', represented the [[Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front]] (SF), a coalition of [[left-wing political parties]], including the [[Labour Party of Malaya]] (LPM), [[Parti Rakyat Malaysia|Malaysian People's Party]] (PRM), and [[Parti Perhimpunan Kebangsaan|National Convention Party]] (NCP) between 1957 and 1966, who fought against acute [[Socioeconomic status|socio-economic disparities]] present during the post-independence era. The Islamists traditionally converged around [[Burhanuddin al-Helmy]]'s [[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party]] (PAS), where they opposed against the [[Liberal capitalist|liberal-capitalist]] and [[Secularism|secularistic]] attitudes of the ruling [[Alliance Party (Malaysia)|Alliance]]. Both voices of dissent were unable to counter against the vast political resources expended by the Alliance, hence their influences were only retained in the rural states of [[Kedah]], [[Terengganu]], and [[Kelantan]].{{sfn|Abdul Hamid|2002|p=91}}
[[File:Anti Indonesian Infiltration during Confrontation, 1965.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Malaysian women protest against Indonesian infiltration during the Konfrontasi. The formation of Malaysia had stoked racial tensions and led to threats on national security, thereby limiting Islam's influence in politics. ]]
The brief period of ''[[Konfrontasi]]'' (1963{{Ndash}}1966) against [[Indonesia]] after the [[formation of Malaysia]] in September 1963 allowed the Alliance to retain support among the masses on the basis of [[national security]]. As a result, several politicians and intellects suspected to be pro-Indonesian were arrested under the [[Internal Security Act 1960|Internal Security Act]] (ISA). This included Burhanuddin and Mohamed Hanifah Abdul Ghani, who were both arrested in 1965. Despite Burhanuddin's plead of innocence, the Alliance government was able to exploit his past as an advocate of [[Greater Indonesia|''Indonesia Raya'']], casting doubt on the Islamist movement's loyalty towards the country.{{sfn|Means|1970|p=339{{ndash}}341}} Meanwhile, state propaganda portrayed PAS as a [[Parochialism|parochial]] party who thrived upon communal [[antipathy]] harbored by the Malay peasantry against economically advanced Chinese and Indian communities.{{sfn|von der Mehden|1963|p=610{{ndash}}612}}{{sfn|Kessler|1972|p=41{{ndash}}42}}{{sfn|Kessler|1978|p=32{{ndash}}33}} Both aspects destroyed support for PAS as its understanding of Malay nationalism was believed to be a threat towards inter-racial harmony within the country.{{sfn|Abdul Hamid|2002|p=92}}

{{multiple image
| width1 = 125
| width3 =
| image3 =
| caption2 =
| width2 = 125
| image2 = Mr. Lee Kuan Yew Mayoral reception 1965 (3to4).jpg
| caption1 =
| image1 = Ministers, ontvangsten, buitenlandse betrekkingen, Luns, JAMH, Razak Tun Abd, Bestanddeelnr 083-0834 (cropped).jpg
| direction = horizontal
| footer_background =
| footer_align = left/right/center
| footer = Burhanuddin al-Helmy (left), and Lee Kuan Yew (right).
| header_background =
| header_align = left/right/center
| header =
| caption3 =
}}

Focus on the Islamists further weakened when it was overshadowed by racial tensions incited between the Singaporean [[People's Action Party]] (PAP), led by [[Lee Kuan Yew]], who advocated the [[anti-discriminatory]] [[Malaysian Malaysia]] policy, and [[Nationalism|nationalistic]] leaders within the Alliance's [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO), who supported the ''[[Ketuanan Melayu]]'' concept,{{sfn|Lee|1965a}}{{sfn|Lee|1965b}} leading to cases of [[sectarian violence]] (''e.g.'' [[1964 Singapore riots|Singapore, 1964]];{{sfn|Leifer|1964}} and [[1967 Penang Hartal riot|Penang, 1967]]).{{sfn|Snider|1968}} These tensions limited conscience of Islam as a political issue.{{sfn|Abdul Hamid|2002|p=93}}

==== Secular materialistic Malay nationalism ====
{{See also|13 May incident|Malaysian New Economic Policy}}
In 13 May 1969, political demonstrations held after the [[1969 Malaysian general election]], amidst the heightening of racial tensions, created [[13 May incident|severe riots and cases of sectarian violence across Kuala Lumpur]]. After the riots, later known to be the 13 May incident, Malaysian [[Partisan (politics)|partisan politics]] saw a rise of Islamic resurgence. It created surroundings similar to those of ethnic clashes during the [[Post-war|postwar period]]. Islamic political slogans became rallying cries of the Malays. [[Mosque|Mosques]] became the site of political gatherings, [[Ulama|''ulama'']] acquired roles of leadership, and [[Talisman|talismans]] became popular items of interest. The 13 May incident demonstrated fears of "non-Malay [[imperialism]]" against the Malay society, and led to the notion of Islam becoming the solution towards the Malay's socioeconomic and political issues. It was seen as a popular reaction from the Malays against the traditionally secular [[Humanism|humanist]] administrative elites in the Malaysian government. This philosophical attitude was reflected on the introduction of the ''[[Rukun Negara]]'' in August 1970, intended as a post-1969 reconciliation strategy to promote and uphold the principles of [[national unity]].{{sfn|Milne|1970}} The national concept had lacklustre references towards Islam, except from mentioning it as a [[state religion]].{{sfn|Means|1991|p=12{{ndash}}13}}{{sfn|Abdul Hamid|2002|p=95}}
[[File:Tun Abdul Razak (cropped 4to3, version 2).jpg|left|thumb|199x199px|Abdul Razak Hussein's administration emphasized secular-materialistic Malay nationalist policies, culminating in the introduction of the [[Malaysian New Economic Policy|New Economic Policy]] (NEP) in 1971.]]
The national policies introduced by the newly-installed [[First Razak cabinet|Razak administration]] (under the leadership of [[Abdul Razak Hussein]]) following the events in 1969 emphasized the Malay ethnicity over Islam. Restrictions were made on the rights to question and discuss the "special rights" obtained through the concept of ''Ketuanan Melayu'' through constitutional amendments.{{sfn|Hussein|1988|p=136}} Leading nationalistic politicians within UMNO purged after their alleged racial incitement and critical remarks of Tunku's response towards the 1969 riots were politically rehabilitated.{{sfn|Hussin|1990|p=55}} In the UMNO General Assembly of 1973, then-[[Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia|Deputy prime minister]] [[Ismail Abdul Rahman]] reaffirmed the position of the Malays as the "basis of the nation".{{sfn|Hussein|1988|p=135}} This stance was also echoed by then-[[Minister of Home Affairs (Malaysia)|Minister of Home Affairs]] [[Ghazali Shafie]], who predicted the future of Malaysian politics would be based on "''[[Indigenism|kebumiputeraan]]''".{{sfn|Hussein|1988|p=136}} The introduction of the [[Malaysian New Economic Policy|New Economic Policy]] (NEP) in 1971, although aimed to uplift the economic situation of all Malaysians,{{sfn|Mauzy|Milne|1978|p=82-83}} was seen as a solution to quiet Malay discontent on socioeconomic [[Economic inequality|inequalities]].{{sfn|Abdul Hamid|2002|p=96}} The NEP evolved from a plan to eradicate poverty, to a tool of [[wealth redistribution]], marking the transition of Malaysia's bureaucracy to [[state capitalism]].{{sfn|Lim|1980|p=149}}

The Razak administration had no intentions on elevating Islam's ceremonial status within the country. Abdul Razak promoted [[Senu Abdul Rahman]]'s 1971 book ''Revolusi Mental'' (English: Mental Revolution), a treatise on [[secular materialism]], praising it as "an important milestone in the thinking of our [Malay] intellectuals".{{sfn|Abdul Rahman|1971|p=1-2}} It became the "[[Bible]]" of the Malay nationalists of the 1970s, as the ''de facto'' blueprint for UMNO and the government's envisions on the reconstruction of Malay society after the 13 May incident.{{sfn|Abdul Hamid|2002|p=97}} ''Revolusi'' ''Mental'' encouraged the accumulation of unlimited wealth among the Malay social classes by emulating the methods devised by the traditionally capitalistic [[Chinese people|Chinese]], [[Japanese people|Japanese]], [[Germans]], [[Jews]] and [[Americans]], in a competition of the "[[survival of the fittest]]",{{sfn|Abdul Rahman|1971|p=108}} overturning the common Malay social displays of [[Collectivism and individualism|collectivism]] and dependence on the government.{{sfn|Abdul Rahman|1971|p=114-221}} ''Revolusi Mental'' uses [[J. Paul Getty]] as an "ideal hero", an example of materialistic success,{{sfn|Abdul Rahman|1971|p=172}} even stating that "he need not be good by religious or moral standards".{{sfn|Abdul Rahman|1971|p=174}} It sees itself without contradictions between self-interest and the moral good, even quoting the ''[[Quran]]'' and ''[[Hadith]]'' to demonstrate the compatibility of capitalistic decisions with Islamic values.{{sfn|Abdul Rahman|1971|p=108-111}}

Despite such intentions, the NEP-based re-construction policies of the 1970s provoked Islam to gain much more prominence, as the Malays searched for a national identity following the events in 1969. The 1971 National Culture Congress generated the consensus that Islam would be integral in shaping the Malaysian culture.{{sfn|Abdullah|2017}}

==== ''Dakwah'' movement, 1968 ====
{{See also|Dawah}}
The Malay word ''dakwah'', with its origins from its [[Arabic]] counterpart ''[[Dawah|da'wah]]'' (English: to call, invitation), has been traditionally related to the enforcement and deepening of the Muslim faith, conforming their values to Islamic principles. The modern concept of ''da'wah'' was first revived by the [[Ottoman Sultan|late-Ottoman sultan]] [[Abdul Hamid II]] (1876{{Ndash}}1909) as the duty of a [[Caliphate|caliph]]. The importance of ''da'wah'' was widely resonated among the Islamic world throughout the early-half of the 20th century. In the 1960s and 1970s, various [[Arab world|Arabian states]] competed for international Islamic influence through organizations that prioritized ''da'wah''. By the mid-1960s, the concept drew significant popularity in [[Indonesia]].{{sfn|Meuleman|2011|p=251}} In Malaysia, the ''da'wah'' embodied in the form of the ''dakwah'' movement, initiated in [[Kuala Lumpur]] during the late-1960s and early-1970s by then-newly founded Islamic youth groups, ''e.g.'' the [[Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia|Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia]] (ABIM), the [[Jamaah tabligh|Jamaah Tabligh]], and the [[Al-Arqam]]. It was an urban Islamic religious movement, that promoted [[Proselytism|proselytistic]] activities in university campuses and urban neighbourhoods in the city, aiming for greater Islamization of the country by seeking extensive applications of Islamic laws and values within the social, economic and spiritual development within the Malaysian society.{{sfn|Syed Hassan|2006|p=45}}

{{multiple image
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| perrow = 2/2
| total_width =
| image1 = Tal Division in Sinai (1to1).jpg
| alt1 =
| image2 =
| alt2 =
| image3 = Mortar attack on Shigal Tarna garrison, Kunar Province, 87 (1to1).jpg
| alt3 =
| image4 = Smoke rising from the Grand Mosque, Mecca, 1979 (1to1).JPG
| alt4 =
| width = 125
| caption1 =
| caption_align = left
| caption4 =
| footer = International events in the Islamic world during the [[Arab Cold War]], especially the [[Iranian Revolution]] and the wars in the [[Levant]] throughout the 1970s, radicalized Malaysian Islamists with inspirations derived from the events. 
{{collapsible list
| bullets = yes
| titlestyle = background:transparent;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;
| title = '''Clockwise, from top-left''':
|[[Six-Day War]], 1967;
|[[Iranian Revolution]], 1978{{ndash}}1979;
|[[Grand Mosque seizure|Seizure of the Grand Mosque]], 1979;
|[[Soviet–Afghan War]], 1979{{ndash}}1989;
}}
| align = right
}}

The Malaysian ''dakwah'' movement, in general, was distinct; it emerged first in urban surroundings, and in Kuala Lumpur specifically, due to its [[population size]], and the lack of [[kinship]] present among immigrated rural Muslims in the city, which was the binding factor to regulate social and religious affairs. The popular alternative available were urban religious organisations, where they could enforce Islamic teachings to its followers. It was expressed as a "challenge" towards "the state, the political elites and religious authority" for religious change. However, the main organisations behind the movement did not advocate for a ''Darul Islam'' like the Islamist political parties of the pre-independence era, instead it confined itself to [[civil society]] and shunned involvement in [[Partisan (politics)|partisan politics]].{{sfn|Syed Hassan|2006|p=45}}

Islamists were aware of ongoing major events across the [[Muslim world|Islamic world]], ''e.g.'' [[Six-Day War]] (1967), the [[1969 Libyan coup d'état|Libyan revolution]] (1969), [[Yom Kippur War]] (1973), the [[Iranian Revolution]] (1978{{Ndash}}1979), [[Grand Mosque seizure|seizure of the Grand Mosque]] (1979), and the [[Soviet invasion of Afganhistan]] (1979{{Ndash}}1980). In particular, the wars in the [[Levant]] and the Iranian Revolution attracted the most serious implications; the struggle for the [[Palestinians|Palestinian]] cause reverberated among the Malays for their parallel struggles of non-Malay economic dominance in the country,{{sfn|Kessler|1980|p=4}}{{sfn|Hussein|1988|p=118}} while the Iranian Revolution inspired local Islamists that a [[revolutionary]] overthrow of secular governments would be viable. Domestically and internationally, the discovery of [[petroleum reserves]] in Malaysian waters, and the [[Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries]]' (OAPEC) actions during the [[1973 oil crisis]] brought confidence for the Islamists,{{sfn|Muzaffar|1986a|p=19-20}} both morally and financially, to continue the ''dakwah'' movement,{{sfn|Muzaffar|1986b|p=21}}{{sfn|Abdul Hamid|2002|p=104}} achieving prominence in politics between 1979 and 1982.{{sfn|Oxford Reference 2022}}

==== Islamization of the government under Mahathir Mohamad ====
In 1969, [[Mahathir Mohamad]], then an UMNO [[Member of Parliament (Malaysia)|Member of Parliament]] in [[Kota Setar (federal constituency)|Kota Setar]], and [[Anwar Ibrahim]], then a [[Student activism|student activist]], first met following the ''13 May incident''. They were both opposed to Tunku's response towards the [[Racial riot|racial riots]].{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=165}} Mahathir spoke at student meetings organised by Anwar, and [[Student journalism|student journals]] published by Anwar even published a chapter from Mahathir's ''[[The Malay Dilemma]]'', after it had been [[Banned books|banned]] immediately after the book's publication in 1970.{{sfn|Kamm|1981}} They parted ways afterwards, with Mahathir returning to UMNO in 1973, and Anwar continuing as a [[political activist]] by joining ABIM, becoming its president in 1974. In December 1974, Anwar was detained and arrested under the ISA after participating in anti-inflation protests held by students from the [[University of Malaya]].{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=166}}{{sfn|''The New York Times'' 1974}} The arrests were presumed to have been ordered by Mahathir himself, who was the [[Minister of Education (Malaysia)|Minister of Education]] at the time.{{sfn|Ujang|1997}} He was released in 1976.{{sfn|Weiss|1999|p=428}}

Due to the huge popularity of the ''dakwah'' movement, several mainstream political parties, UMNO and PAS alike, began expanding their Islamisation programmes to gain appeal to supporters of the movement. In 1982, Mahathir, who had succeeded as prime minister the year before, persuaded Anwar to join UMNO, a decision made to improve the image of the party's stance on Islam. The party was also Islamized, adopting symbols, slogans, rhetorics, and concepts derived from the ''dakwah'' movement. The Malaysian government in the 1980s also underwent heavy Islamization, with the implementation of education policies on ''nilai-nilai murni'' (English: sacred values), to the foundation of [[Islamic banking and finance|Islamic banking]], financial and educational institutions. PAS also became [[Fundamentalism|fundamentalist]], while reinstating their goals of establishing a ''Darul Islam'' and the use of the [[Hudud|''hudud'']] laws of code.

=== UMNO party factionalism, 1970s ===
By 1998, Malaysia's government was largely under the influence of [[Barisan Nasional]] (BN), the ruling coalition of country since [[1955 Malayan general election|1955]]. Reformasi, as a movement, took place from the overt split within the leadership of the [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO), the leading component [[political party]] of BN. However, it was not the first time such splits have occurred.{{sfn|Verma|2000|p=2720}}
==== Conflicts between different generations of leadership, 1971{{Ndash}}1976 ====
{{See also|1972 United Malays National Organisation leadership election|1975 United Malays National Organisation leadership election}}{{multiple image
| width1 = 125
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| image3 =
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| image2 = Ministers, ontvangsten, buitenlandse betrekkingen, Luns, JAMH, Razak Tun Abd, Bestanddeelnr 083-0834 (cropped).jpg
| caption1 =
| image1 = Ministers, ontvangsten, buitenlandse betrekkingen, Luns, JAMH, Razak Tun Abd, Bestanddeelnr 083-0834 (cropped).jpg
| direction = horizontal
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| footer = Abdul Razak (left), and Harun Idris (right).
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}}

Following the ''13 May incident'', the premiership of [[Tunku Abdul Rahman]] came under scrutiny. He resigned as prime minister in 1970. The position was assumed by Abdul Razak, his deputy, in 1971. His inaugural speech, as the President of UMNO, was titled ''New Order, Old Order'', a title that sparked heavy debate within party members regarding Abdul Razak's intentions, which was left unexplained.{{sfn|Latiff|1977|p=163}} After the speech, Abdul Razak denied the existence of the ''Old Order'' (described as traditional party elders from the Abdul Rahman-era of leadership), and the ''New Older'' (described as party youths of [[Nationalism|nationalist]] sentiments, who included [[Mahathir Mohamad]]),{{sfn|Mohamad|2001|p=209}} a statement that was later disputed.{{sfn|Latiff|1977|p=164}}

During the [[1972 United Malays National Organisation leadership election|1972 UMNO party elections]], contentions for the position of Vice-President was prioritized due to Ismail Abdul Rahman's failing health. It meant that the position of joint-Vice-Presidents, equivalent to the third and fourth most important leaders in UMNO, became possible contenders as future prime ministers. Severe divisions were observed when an attempt made by [[Ghazali Shafie]] to get elected as one of two Vice-Presidents failed when Selangor UMNO, led by [[Harun Idris]], opposed his nomination. This resulted in a rivalry between both politicians. The rift widened when Ismail died in 1973, an influential member within the ''Old Order''. His death marked a shift of the balance of power towards the ''New Order.''{{sfn|Latiff|1978|p=165}}
[[File:Ismail Abdul Rahman (4to3).jpeg|thumb|200x200px|Ismail Abdul Rahman, 1963.]]
Harun, the [[Menteri Besar of Selangor]], and the leader of UMNO Youth, had already been perceived by pro-Abdul Razak politicians as a "threat" towards Abdul Razak's leadership.{{sfn|Latiff|1978|p=168}} He has been labelled as the "representative of an increasingly [[militant]] [[Communal violence|communal]] wing in UMNO".{{sfn|Kua|2001}}{{sfn|''MalaysiaKini'' 2001-2002}} Along with [[Syed Nasir Ismail]] and [[Syed Jaafar Albar]], they were described as part of the first generation of UMNO's "[[Ultranationalism|ultra]]" faction, a negative connotation used for rising UMNO leaders with ultranationalistic tendencies since the 1960s.{{sfn|Lee|2005}} His supporters labelled the political rivalry with Abdul Razak as a "communist affair". UMNO Youth accused communist elements of infiltrating the party to approach Abdul Razak, and in several instances, during UMNO Youth meetings in December 1975 and July 1976, there were accusations of "an [[D. N. Aidit|Aidit]] and [[Subandrio]] in UMNO" (both prominent [[Indonesia|Indonesian]] politicians of communist sympathies).{{sfn|Latiff|1978|p=169}} In 1974, [[Abdul Samad Idris]] was nominated by Shafie to challenge Harun's position of UMNO Youth chief. Abdul Razak intervened in the matter on Abdul Samad's side, with a promise of full-ministerial roles in exchange for publicly opposing Harun. In the end, however, the nomination did not succeed.{{sfn|Latiff|1978|p=164}}

[[File:Tunku Abdul Rahman and Indira Gandhi (3to4).jpg|thumb|200x200px|Tunku Abdul Rahman, 1968.|left]]
After Ismail's death, discontent grew within UMNO against Abdul Razak's tenure. It was attributed to his inability of uniting the party's growing divisions, and his reliance on anti-Tunku party leaders, notably [[Abdul Ghafar Baba]], [[Abdullah Ahmad]], and others, who removed pro-Tunku politicians from government functions (''e.g.'' [[Khir Johari]]). In the 1975 UMNO General Assembly, Abdul Razak made a speech openly endorsing three candidates among the eight contesting for the party's vice-presidency in the [[1975 United Malays National Organisation leadership election|1975 party elections]]. His intention of swaying the election outcome was vehemently attacked in an unprecedented manner within the assembly.{{sfn|Latiff|1978|p=166}}

At the same time, there were interests of replacing Abdul Razak as UMNO's leader, but party members were reluctant on appointing Harun, who was accepted as the only other contender for the position, due to growing accusations against his radical actions since 1970. Thus, there were calls of bringing the retired Tunku back to replace Abdul Razak once more, a move Tunku himself was not prepared. However, by 1975, triggered by the recent [[North Vietnam|communist victory]] in the [[Vietnam War]], and economic stagnation within the country, Tunku began to return to politics. In spite of the decision he never returned to the field directly, believing that national politics should be ran by the younger generation.{{sfn|Latiff|1978|p=168}} His act of participation was done through in the form of writing columns in [[The Star (Malaysia)|''The Star'']] that ridiculed the political situation in Malaysia under Abdul Razak's tenure, which offended Abdul Razak's supporters.{{sfn|Latiff|1978|p=167}} His actions were countered in an attempt to silence his opinions by controlling ''The Star'' under pro-Abdul Razak owners by forcing the newspaper to sell shares to Abdullah Ahmad, who had control of the ''[[New Straits Times]]'' and the ''[[Malay Mail]]''. This attempt was later thwarted when upon the consultation of [[Mustapha Harun]], Tunku's allies bought the majority stake of the newspaper.{{sfn|Latiff|1978|p=168}}

Abdul Razak died from [[leukemia]] in January 1976. Even though he appointed [[Hussein Onn]] as his deputy after Ismail's death, he wasn't trusted upon by other top officials within UMNO, a situation Onn was fully aware. Harun was eventually expelled from the party, upon his refusal to resign from his political positions within UMNO amidst corruption indictments in 1976. His removal from UMNO was controversial and was met with demands of his restoration as an UMNO member.''{{sfn|Latiff|1978|p=169}}'' He was arrested in 1977, and sentenced to six months in prison (later extended to four years).{{sfn|''The Star'' 2016}} Despite the sentencing he was [[1978 United Malays National Organisation leadership election|elected within UMNO's Supreme Council in 1978]], and was given a [[royal pardon]] in 1981.{{sfn|''MalaysiaKini'' 2001-2002}}

==== Razaleigh{{Ndash}}Mahathir split, 1987{{Ndash}}1996 ====
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In 1987, [[Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah]] challenged Mahathir for the [[presidency]] of UMNO. It was the first time since 1978 when an incumbent president of the party was contested. His candidacy was labelled as "Team B", as opposed to Mahathir's "Team A".{{sfn|Means|1991|p=201}} Tengku Razaleigh selected former Deputy prime minister [[Musa Hitam]] as his [[running mate]], who resigned from his position in 1986 over disagreements with Mahathir.

During the [[1987 United Malays National Organisation leadership election|party elections held in April 1987]], Razaleigh lost the presidential election by only 43 votes from the 1,479 delegates present. His running mate, Musa Hitam, lost the deputy presidential election to [[Abdul Ghafar Baba]] (Mahathir's running mate) by a margin of just 40 votes.{{sfn|Means|1991|p=204}} This result was heavily disputed by Tengku Razaleigh's supporters, who claimed the election was rigged. The split worsened when Mahathir subsequently purged all "Team B" supporters in his cabinet.{{sfn|Means|1991|p=204–205}} The dispute was then intervened by the [[Federal Court of Malaysia|Federal Court]], and by 1988 it triggered a [[1988 constitutional crisis|serious constitutional crisis]] in the country, which resulted in the suspension of [[judicial independence]] in Malaysia.{{sfn|Means|1991|p=230}} The crisis brought heavy criticisms towards Mahathir.{{sfn|Kamm|1988}}

Tengku Razaleigh left UMNO after the crisis, and formed [[Parti Melayu Semangat 46]] (S46) in June 1989, establishing electoral collaborations with the [[Islamism|Islamist]] [[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party]] (PAS) and the largely-Chinese [[Democratic Action Party]] (DAP) to compete in subsequent elections. In the [[1990 Malaysian general election|1990]] and [[1995 Malaysian general election]], the parties held an informal electoral alliance with the [[United Sabah Party]] (PBB) under the [[Gagasan Rakyat]] (GR) coalition, but enjoyed little success. GR dissolved in 1996, which saw S46 members returning to UMNO, including Tengku Razeleigh.{{sfn|Funston|2000|p=25}}

==== Mahathir's attempts on establishing his successor ====

=== Imprisonment of Lim Guan Eng, 1994 ===
In 1994, a 15-year old Malay schoolgirl accused then-[[Chief Minister of Malacca|chief minister of Malacca]], [[Abdul Rahim Thamby Chik]] of [[statutory rape]].{{sfn|Weiss|1999|p=426}} She also accused thirteen other men to have involved in illicit sexual acts (in seventeen different instances). Eight of the accused later confessed to their acts.{{sfn|''UCAN'' 1994}} Rahim was by then the UMNO Youth Chief, and a staunch ally of Mahathir's government since the 1980s.{{sfn|Mohamad Shukri|2020|p=2818}} Initial controversy erupted when the alleged victim was detained by the police in August 1994 under "protective custody". When questioned, she was told to not lodge reports against the chief minister.{{sfn|Amnesty International 1998}}

Amidst the allegations, the prosecutor, [[Attorney General of Malaysia|Attorney General]] [[Mohtar Abdullah]] dropped Rahim's case in October 1994, citing a lack of evidence.{{sfn|Loone|2008}} Furthermore, the courts decided to place the girl under custody of a rehabilitation center for "wayward girls" for three years.{{sfn|Amnesty International 1998}} [[Abdul Hamid Othman]], a minister in the [[Prime Minister's Department (Malaysia)|prime minister's Department]], was even reportedly proposing to persecute the girl under Islamic law.{{sfn|''UCAN 1994}} Mohtar's ruling was met with outrage: accusations of biasness arose, and protest statements were made by several women rights groups.{{sfn|''UCAN'' 1994}} In November 1994, Mahathir's daughter, [[Marina Mahathir|Marina]], published a newspaper article titled ''Whither justice?'', describing the girls' treatment by the authorities as a "gross mockery of justice".{{sfn|Loone|2008}} Pressured by public opinion, Rahim resigned his ministerial position on 21 November 1994.{{sfn|''UCAN'' 1994}} The scandal was part of an emerging debate in the country during the early-1990s over [[Gender issue|gender issues]].{{sfn|Healey|2000|p=226}}[[File:LimGE.jpg|thumb|214x214px|Lim Guan Eng, 2008.]]Dissatisfied with the prosecution, the grandmother of the alleged victim attempted to secure her granddaughter's release.{{sfn|Amnesty International 1998}} In early-1995, she asked for the assistance of [[Lim Guan Eng]], an [[Opposition (politics)|opposition]] [[Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 9th Malaysian Parliament|member of parliament]] (MP) of [[Kota Melaka (federal constituency)|Kota Melaka]] on this issue.{{sfn|Weiss|1999|p=426}} Lim published statements on behalf of the girl, criticizing the government for not acting against Rahim, and Mohtar for applying "double standards" on the final ruling. Because of his remarks, Lim was accused on 23 February 1995 for prompting "disaffection with the administration of justice in Malaysia". On 13 March, he was again accused of spreading "[[Fake news|false information]] maliciously", referring to the printing of five-thousand [[Pamphlet|pamphlets]], titled ''Victim imprisoned, criminal free'', that denoted the phrase "imprisoned victim" to describe the girl, which was considered false by the authorities.{{sfn|Loone|2008}} He was arrested and charged with [[sedition]] under the [[Sedition Act 1948]] and [[Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984]].{{sfn|''MalaysiaKini'' 2018}} His trial began on 20 June 1995.{{sfn|''Harakah'' 2011}}

In 1997, he was found guilty and was given a fine of 15,000 ringgit (equivalent to 25,800 ringgit by 2022 value, inflation adjusted) by the [[High court (Malaysia)|high court]].{{sfn|1997 Human Rights Report 1998}} However, following the dismissal of his appeal, the verdict was soon changed to two simultaneous 18-month prison terms.{{sfn|1999 Human Rights Report 2000}} This meant he was disqualified from his parliamentary seat, and was imprisoned in August 1998.{{sfn|Weiss|1999|p=426}} On 25 August 1998, Lim was declared a [[prisoner of conscience]] by [[Amnesty International]], who demanded his immediate release.{{sfn|Amnesty International 1998}} In February 1999, an [[Inter-Parliamentary Union]] (IPU) report cited that Lim's imprisonment failed to comply with international standards.{{sfn|1999 Human Rights Report 2000}} Lim's conviction ignited popular dissatisfaction against the government and the [[Judiciary of Malaysia|judicial system]], and attracted widespread sympathy from both Chinese Malaysians and Malays, as he, a Chinese politician, had put himself in risk for defending a Malay girl and her family, seen as a rare occurrence in the racially-divided country. When he was released from prison in late-August 1999, a year after his conviction, he was given a welcome by a multiracial crowd, who greeted him as a "hero".{{sfn|Weiss|1999|p=426}}

== History ==

=== Asian financial crisis, 1997 ===
{{Main articles|1997 Asian financial crisis}}
[[File:Asienkrise.svg|thumb|250x250px|Annual growth of GDP per capita in affected countries from 1995 to 2000|left]]
Between 1986 and 1996, the [[Economy of Malaysia|Malaysian economy]] was dubbed as one of the "miracle economies" in [[East Asia]], with high average [[gross domestic product]] (GDP) growth, low [[inflation rates]], and high [[employment rate]].{{sfn|Abubakar|Ariff|1999|p=417}} In this period, successive governments under Mahathir's leadership had steered the liberalisation of the economy. [[Monetary policy|Monetary]] and [[Fiscal policy|fiscal policies]] remained largely prudent. The arrival of Anwar as [[Minister of Finance (Malaysia)|finance minister]] in 1991 also contributed several financial policies.{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=166}}

However, from July 1997 onwards, Malaysia was affected by a [[1997 Asian financial crisis|financial crisis that had begun in Thailand three months prior]], causing significant inflation in the [[Malaysian ringgit]] and a collapse of local [[Stock market|stock markets]]. The Malaysian economy suffered its first [[recession]] since 1985. In January 1998, the ringgit registered the historic high of RM 4.88 to the [[US dollar]], a major difference from the average of RM 2.42 to a US dollar in April 1997. Malaysian stock markets, especially the [[Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange]] (KLSE), the third largest in Asia at the time (after [[Tokyo Stock Exchange|Tokyo]] and [[Hong Kong Stock Exchange|Hong Kong]]) lost 76 per cent of its value by September 1998, the largest contraction among the stock markets of all economies affected in the region. Multiple vital [[Corporate sector|corporate sectors]] (''e.g.'' [[property]], [[Construction Industry|construction]], [[Real sector|real]]) suffered setbacks due to the event.{{sfn|Abubakar|Ariff|1999|p=417}} There were concerns that [[Vision 2020|''Wawasan 2020'']], the national [[Ideal (ethics)|ideal]] in place since 1991, would fail due to the recession. The Malaysian economy would not recover until 1999.{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=166}}

==== Conflicts on economic recovery policies ====
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Mahathir believed external issues was to blame on the financial turmoil. He accused [[Speculation|currency speculators]] such as [[George Soros]] for causing the crisis.{{sfn|O'Brien|1998}} Mahathir opposed any intervention from the IMF, as well as favoring loose [[Monetary policy|monetary]] and [[Fiscal policy|fiscal policies]], a decision noted by himself in April 1998 as [[crony capitalism]].{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=167}}{{sfn|Barnathan|Shari|1998}} The policy was opposed by Anwar, where he and his supporters reflected the opposition by circulating the Indonesian anti-Suharto slogan of opposing ''[[Corruption|korrupsi]]'', ''[[Cronyism|kroniyisma]]'', and ''[[Nepotism|nepotisma]]'' (''KKN''), while also highlighting Anwar's stance on ''[[Transparency (behavior)|ketelusan]]'' ([[English language|English]]: transparency).{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=167}} It was noted that after June 1998, Mahathir actually supported reforms for more transparency on the KLSE. Prior to the 1997 financial crisis, ''i.e.'' in the 1996 UMNO General Assembly, Mahathir also initiated tougher legislations to crack down on corruption within UMNO.{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=168}}

Contrary to Mahathir, responding to the financial downturn, Anwar sought to approach and work with the [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF) to resolve the financial problems by focusing on internal issues within the Malaysian economy.{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=166}} This had been the case for most of the East Asian economies that had suffered during the crisis, such as [[Thailand]], [[South Korea]] and Indonesia, whose economic relief policies were planned under directives from the IMF.{{sfn|ter Wengel|Visser|1999|p=181}} Under Anwar's beliefs, economic reforms were promoted based on [[free market]] systems and [[economic transparency]]. In December 1997, he instituted an [[Austerity|austerity package]] that cut [[government spending]],{{sfn|JICA 1998|p=3}} ministerial salaries, and putting the construction of several major infrastructural projects such as the [[Bakun Dam]] on hold.{{sfn|Wong|2007}}

Up until mid-1998, economic policies were devised under consultations from the IMF.{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=166}} Due to foreign indebtedness, the Malaysian government initially did not apply for direct assistance from the IMF, but instead independently adopted several standard IMF policies at the time. These policies did not aid with the situation, however; It instead exacerbated the crisis, causing a full-blown economic crisis to occur by 1998.{{sfn|Goh|Lim|2012|p=4}} On 8 January 1998, the National Economic Action Council (NEAC) was set up to respond against the crisis.{{sfn|Kennedy|Mohamad|2002|p=8}} The council was headed by former finance minister [[Daim Zainuddin]], Mahathir's long time [[confidant]]. It took control of any plans of [[crisis management]], shifting the responsibility from the [[Ministry of Finance (Malaysia)|Ministry of Finance]] towards the [[Prime Minister's Department (Malaysia)|prime minister's Department]].{{sfn|Khor|2005|p=11}} The creation of the NEAC allowed a forum of discussion between Mahathir, Anwar, and Daim, surrounding their opinions on financial recovery, although the final decision still remained under Mahathir's control.{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=166}} On 23 July 1998, the results from the discussions within the NEAC were formally tabled and released publicly in a 200-page report as the National Economic Recovery Plan (NERP), a multi-billion ringgit comprehensive package aimed at infrastructure, development, and [[Small business financing|small firm lending]].{{sfn|Felker|1999|p=50}}{{sfn|''Dewan Rakyat'' 1998|p=36}} An unorthodox move against the IMF's measures, it was agreed by commentators as prudent, and represented a move towards looser monetary and fiscal policies.{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=166-167}} Various measures were undertaken to reverse most of the previous reforms launched in 1997. In August 1998, the KLSE suffered another crash. At the end of that month, the Malaysian economy officially slipped into a recession.{{sfn|Felker|1999|p=50}} On 1 September 1998, Mahathir announced [[capital controls]] on local currencies, pegging the ringgit to the US dollar, a radical move that challenged the commonly negative international perception of such measures.{{sfn|Goh|Lim|2012|p=5}}{{sfn|Kawai|Takagi|2003}}{{sfn|Khor|2005|p=12-13}}

==== Effects on political instability ====
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|[[Penang Bridge]], 1982{{ndash}}1986;
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A major difference was observed in how both figures handled the crisis. Mahathir extended his attacks on the crisis to foreign speculators and [[traders]]. He also designated unpredictable [[Interventionism (politics)|interventionist policies]] on stock market management. Both situations created unnerving fears and antagonized those within the markets. In contrast, Anwar, whose [[charisma]] on public media calmed the domestic and international markets, had created disdain within Mahathir, as such moves would strengthen international confidence on Anwar's leadership and pressure himself to step down as prime minister.{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=168}} The appointment of Daim as the head of the NEAC was also seen as a move to limit Anwar's power in the decision-making process.{{sfn|Weiss|1999|p=427}}

On the other hand, the Malaysian government had fostered economic developments within the [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] society for decades with national policies, notably the NEP (1971{{Ndash}}1991) and its successor, the [[National Development Policy]] (NDP, 1991{{Ndash}}2001). It hoped to create a new generation of Malay [[industrialists]] to compete with non-Malay and foreign competition. Through incentives and the creation of government-controlled corporations, where investments and contract distributions favored the Malays, it bonded Malay private corporations with different political factions within UMNO. These circumstances fell through when the recession created a huge toll on the Malay corporate sector. The government was forced to decide on which corporations that will receive relief and financial support. Mahathir, as prime minister, had the largest control over these affairs, but Anwar held certain influence within those decisions. The [[acquisitions]] of several corporations, ''e.g.'' [[Perwaja Steel]], Renong, and [[Malaysian Airlines System]] provided conflict between the two over certain terms within government deals. During negotiations for the [[buyout]] of Konsortium Perkapalan, a [[Shipping company|shipping line]] owned by Mirzan Mahathir (Mahathir's son) by [[Petronas]], he was reportedly displeased when Anwar accepted the terms of purchase according to independent assessments through international shipping standards, which provided a lower than expected price.{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=168}}

Anwar was also reportedly not fond of Mahathir's lavish spendings on administration, especially with his interest on constructing [[Megaproject|megaprojects]] across the country (''e.g.'' [[Sepang International Circuit]], [[Petronas Towers]], [[Kuala Lumpur Tower]], ''etc.'') to pursue prestige for Malaysia in the international stage, albeit his opinions were muted only until after he left UMNO. He did not oppose the initiation of the [[Putrajaya|Putrajaya project]], which involved the construction of a new [[Administrative Capital|administrative capital]], but did complain that Mahathir had spent government funds to construct his own extravagances such as personal houses and a premium [[corporate jet]].{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=168}}

=== UMNO general assembly, 1998 ===

Popular discontent against Mahathir rose in early-1998. During the 1997 UMNO general assembly, Mahathir made several attacks on Islamic fundamentalist elements within the party, alienating a significant section in the party. Furthermore, PAS had focused on the presence of ''KKN'' within Mahathir's government to galvanise support.{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=169}} Their efforts were manifested in a parliamentary by-election at [[Arau (federal constituency)|Arau]] in July 1998, when Barisan Nasional suffered a shock defeat to PAS.{{sfn|New Straits Times|1998}}

The UMNO general assembly of June 1998 featured the culmination of conflicts and power struggles between Mahathir Mohamad and Anwar Ibrahim. Mahathir suspected that Anwar was plotting attempts to unseat him in the assembly.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Richburg |first=Keith B. |date=3 September 1998 |title=Malaysian Premier Fires Deputy Who Pressed Free-Market Plan |work=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1998/09/03/malaysian-premier-fires-deputy-who-pressed-free-market-plan/3d653b67-cacb-482d-b6db-c4c2d0ab37dd/ |access-date=8 August 2023}}</ref> In March 1998, Mahathir called for all 165 party division chief positions, crucial in electing the party leadership, to remain uncontested in divisional elections during the upcoming 1998 general assembly as a method to maintain party unity. It was speculated that Mahathir used the election to check Anwar's influence within the party.{{sfn|Felker|1999|p=44}} The election ended with only 36 positions changing hands.{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=170}}

During the assembly, Anwar supporters attacked the presence of corruption within the government.{{Sfn|Richberg|1998}} The Indonesian dissident slogan ''KKN'' was heavily used by Anwar supporters throughout the assembly to criticise Mahathir, and called for greater transparency in the government. Mahathir, who had been dubious of Anwar's role in the government from the conflicts in controlling the financial crisis the year prior, was convinced by the events in the assembly to begin the process of removing him from power.{{sfn|Singh|2000|p=541}}

[[File:May 1998 Trisakti incident.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Civil unrests in Indonesia, such as the [[Trisakti shootings]] in May 1998 drew significant attention in Malaysia as Mahathir's administration gained major scrutiny, with some drawing parallels with Suharto's 32-year regime.|left]]

==== Influence of the 1998 Indonesian unrests ====
The collapse of [[Suharto|Suharto's]] regime in May 1998 inspired several opposition and dissident groups in Malaysia to draw parallels between Mahathir and Suharto's administrations as part of a wider call for his resignation.{{sfn|Muzaffar|1999|p=13}}

Within the general assembly, criticisms of Mahathir compared the state of affairs of his government with Suharto's dictatorship, denoting the existence of corruption within the government. In the general assembly on 7 June, Anwar warned that political events in Indonesia may lead to demands of change if the government fails to counter corruption. This remark has been interpreted as an attack on Mahathir's leadership.{{sfn|Symonds|1998}} Several UMNO Youth leaders also criticised the presence of corruption in the government, notably a public attack by Anwar-ally and UMNO Youth chairman [[Ahmad Zahid Hamidi]] in the party's youth-wing assembly on 18 June.{{sfn|Muzaffar|1999|p=13}}{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|1998}}{{sfn|MalaysiaKini|2017}} Zahid accused the presence of ''KKN'' in the Mahathir government and condemned the "preferential treatments" during the 1997 crisis from banks to favored business people, while small businesses struggled to perform.{{sfn|Case|1999|p=5}} Mahathir responded by releasing ten comprehensive lists of government contracts and share allocations that showed he and Anwar had benefited greatly from internal corruption.{{sfn|Felker|1999|p=45}}

The stance on corruption and nepotism by pro-Anwar politicians within UMNO was perceived by Mahathir as related to [[Neoliberalism|neo-liberal ideas]] from Western institutions, such as the IMF, of which Anwar had been closely affiliated with throughout the economic recession. Mahathir views these ideas as a harming force on his administration, which was highlighted by his public statements on viewing [[Globalization|globalisation]] with "suspicion".{{sfn|Welsh|1999|p=275}} In his closing speech in the assembly, Mahathir rallied against foreigners, attacked Zahid for not using proper party channels for voicing his complaints, and defended the presence of nepotism in his economic policies by managing to tie the practice with creating communal benefits shared by Bumiputeras alike.{{sfn|The Economist|1998}}

==== ''50 Dalil'' and the Nallakaruppan trial ====
[[File:AhmadZahid2 (cropped, 4to3, version 1).jpg|thumb|200x200px|Ahmad Zahid Hamidi was a major ally of Anwar Ibrahim in the years leading up to 1998.]]
Notably, the assembly also featured the presence of a defamatory book that was handed out to all party delegates in the assembly. Titled ''50 Dalil Kenapa Anwar Ibrahim Tidak Boleh Jadi PM'' (''50 Reasons Why Anwar Ibrahim Cannot Become Prime Minister'', commonly referred to as ''50 Dalil''), the publication was written by [[:ms:Khalid_Jafri|Khalid Jafri]], a former newspaper editor, who accused Anwar of several sexual misconducts, corruption and espionage for a foreign nation. In particular, the accusations of sexual misconduct were related to an incident in July 1997, when a signed document circulated among Anwar Ibrahim's adversaries in the 1997 UMNO general assembly alleged that he had fostered two adulterous relationships, including a homosexual relationship with his wife's former driver. An investigation conducted in August 1997 concluded the allegations were false.{{sfn|Muzaffar|1999|p=13}} Mahathir dismissed the allegations but did not pursue charges on the perpetrators.{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=169}}

In previous assemblies, anonymous defamatory flyers and letters were often distributed among party members to damage someone's reputation. However, copies of ''50 Dalil'' were inserted into the information packets of all 1,900 conference attendees.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prasso |first=Mark |last2=Clifford |first2=Mark Lambert |date=9 November 1998 |title=Malaysia: The Feud |language=en |work=[[Bloomberg]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/1998-11-08/malaysia-the-feud |url-access=subscription |access-date=3 August 2023}}</ref> The nature of which led diplomats and several sources to assume that such widespread distribution could not have been known without Mahathir's knowledge.{{sfn|Case|1999|pp=4{{ndash}}5}} On 17 June, Anwar obtained an injunction to restrain the complete publishing and distribution of the book, and by August 1998, authorities charged Khalid with malicious publishing and misinformation.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|1998}} Contemporary domestic media drew comparisons of sexual allegations against Anwar Ibrahim with the [[Clinton–Lewinsky scandal]] that occurred at the same time, where the political leader denied any wrongdoing but was later discovered.{{sfn|Funston|p=171}}

However, subsequent police investigations on ''50 Dalil'' shifted from the author to Anwar when one of his close associates, [[:ms:S._Nallakaruppan|S. Nallakaruppan]] was arrested on 31 July in relation to the case. Nallakaruppan had been described as Anwar's "tennis partner". He was charged on 13 August under the Internal Security Act for the failure to return live ammunition when his gun permit had expired a few years prior, an offence which carries the mandatory death penalty.{{Sfn|Khoo|2000|p=168}} The police would instead file four [[Affidavit|affidavits]] from Nallakaruppan on 4 September, which implicated Anwar in a series of scandalous sexual relationships and treason, providing evidence for the prosecution to incriminate him.<ref name=":1" />{{Sfn|Khoo|2000|p=168}} These affidavits would be heavily reported by the local media.{{Sfn|Funston|1999|p=171}}

==== Subsequent power struggles ====
Mahathir's decision to re-introduce Daim Zainuddin in the government on 24 June was seen as a move to diminish Anwar's political influence.{{sfn|Symonds|1998}} In July 1998, several drastic political appointments and changes were made, including the ousting of two newspaper editors from [[Berita Harian]] and [[Utusan Malaysia]], and a director of the television network [[TV3 (Malaysian TV network)|TV3]].{{sfn|Felker|1999|p=45}} On 29 August 1998, [[Governor of the Central Bank of Malaysia|central bank governor]] [[Ahmad Mohd Don|Ahmad Mohamed Don]], a known Anwar supporter, resigned with his deputy, citing "major policy differences" with the government, including disagreements on implementing currency control policies.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fuller |first=Thomas |date=29 August 1998 |title=2 Top Officials Resign in Dispute Over Proposed Currency Controls: Malaysian Bank Governor Quits |language=en |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/29/business/worldbusiness/IHT-2-top-officials-resign-in-dispute-over-proposed.html |access-date=8 August 2023}}</ref>

Throughout August 1998 Mahathir launched a series of tours across the country to reaffirm his economic policies to the masses. During his [[Merdeka|National Day]] speech on 31 August, he praised the use of the Internal Security Act; the next day he implemented radical capital control policies that ran contrary to Anwar's beliefs on managing the economic crises of 1997.{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=171}}

The sense of rivalry between the two politicians did not surface publicly as both leaders tried to make their maneuvers subtle. Anwar tried to proclaim his loyalty towards Mahathir's leadership during this period, with a statement on 11 August declaring that he would not challenge the latter during UMNO party elections in 1999, while Mahathir stated on 1 September that he was on good terms with Anwar.{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=171}}

=== Sacking of Anwar Ibrahim, 1998 ===
[[File:Mahathir Mohamad and South Africa (cropped, 3to4).jpg|thumb|200x200px|Mahathir Mohamad, July 1998.]]
After announcing the implementation of capital control policies on 1 September 1998, a confrontation ensued between Mahathir and Anwar, in which Mahathir gave an ultimatum to the latter to resign by the next day or suffer "humiliation". Anwar refused on the basis that accepting resignation would be an "admission of guilt". Rumours that Anwar would resign from the government spread the next day, and by late-afternoon a crowd of supporters had gathered around his residence.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=30 September 1998 |title=Chronology of Events |work=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digital_Content/Prominent_Leaders/Mahathir/News_1968-2004/1996-1998/1998aj/chronology%20of%20events.pdf |access-date=8 August 2023 |via=Perdana Library}}</ref> Anwar was sacked by the Malaysian government from all of his ministerial positions effective 5.30 pm.{{Sfn|Prasso|Clifford|1998}} His sacking was announced in a three-paragraph statement by the [[Prime Minister's Department (Malaysia)|prime minister's department]], which stated that the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]], [[Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan|Ja'afar]], was informed by the news, but did not clarify reasons of the sacking.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 September 1998 |title=Anwar Sacked As Deputy Prime Minister And Finance Minister |agency=[[Bernama]] |url=http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digital_Content/Prominent_Leaders/Mahathir/News_1968-2004/1996-1998/1998aj/anwar%20sacked%20as%20deputy%20prime%20.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date=8 August 2023 |via=Perdana Library}}</ref> A top government official would deliver Anwar his dismissal letter at his residence in the evening, and at 7.58 pm, [[Bernama]], the state news agency, flashed a public statement of the sacking.<ref name=":1" />

A four-hour meeting was held within the UMNO Supreme Council on 3 September, where Anwar was given an opportunity as UMNO deputy president to defend himself against the allegations present against him after the general assembly on June. The meeting was attended by all members of the council except for [[Abdullah Ahmad Badawi]] and [[Muhammad Muhammad Taib]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=4 September 1998 |title=UMNO Supreme Council Expels Anwar Ibrahim |agency=[[Bernama]] |url=http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digital_Content/Prominent_Leaders/Mahathir/News_1968-2004/1996-1998/1998sz/umnnwar%20ibrahim.pdf |access-date=8 August 2023 |via=Perdana Library}}</ref> Mahathir pressured the council to expel him from the party, which they eventually agreed.{{sfn|Case|1999|p=5}} In a rare instance, he was pelted with paper drinking cups by several opposing politicians after the decision was set.{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=172}} Anwar was formally expelled from UMNO on 4 September. In a news conference held after the meeting, Mahathir claimed the decision was "unanimous". He also mentioned that Anwar, who left the meeting 15 minutes before it concluded, refused to leave the party but would accept the council's final verdicts.<ref name=":0" /> On 8 September, both UMNO Youth and Wanita UMNO, the party's youth and [[women's wing]], expressed similar approvals on the council's decision.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 September 1998 |title=UMNO Youth Council Supports Supreme Council's Decision |agency=[[Bernama]] |url=http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digital_Content/Prominent_Leaders/Mahathir/News_1968-2004/1996-1998/1998sz/umnodecision.pdf |archive-date=8 August 2023 |via=Perdana Library}}</ref>

A leadership crisis within UMNO Youth occurred following the announcement. Its leader, the pro-Anwar Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, who had been critical of Mahathir during the 1998 general assembly, was pressured to resign by the majority of his members.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 September 1998 |title=Zahid Refuses to Quit as Youth Chief |agency=[[Bernama]] |url=http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digital_Content/Prominent_Leaders/Mahathir/News_1968-2004/1996-1998/1998sz/zahid%20refusas%20youth%20.pdf |access-date=8 August 2023 |via=Perdana Library}}</ref> Even though he refused at first, he resigned from his position on 2 October, when he was detained under the Internal Security Act for attending pro-Anwar political rallies after ''Reformasi'' was launched.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 October 1998 |title=Zahid Quits As UMNO Youth Chief |agency=[[Bernama]] |url=http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digital_Content/Prominent_Leaders/Mahathir/News_1968-2004/1996-1998/1998sz/zahid%20quio%20youth%20chief.pdf |access-date=8 August 2023 |via=Perdana Library}}</ref>

Mahathir rejected claims that differences in economic policies or politics influenced his decision to sack Anwar.{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=171}} He used ''50 Dalil'' as a platform to legitimise his decision, citing his "immorality" from the alleged affairs and purported homosexuality relationships as a reason to expel him from politics.{{sfn|Singh|2000|p=542}}

Anwar held daily public gatherings in his residence to explain the reasons of his sacking, and the widespread corrupt practices within the government. He also accused Mahathir of leading a conspiracy plot to overthrow his position (Nain, 2002, p.171).

==== ''Permatang Pauh Declaration'' and nationwide tour ====
{{Quote box
| quote = Kami akan menggerakkan reformasi ini dengan aman, mengikut semangat perlembagaan dan bernafaskan prinsip pemerintahan undang-undang. Masanya telah tiba. Bersatulah untuk reformasi. [We launch this reform movement as a peaceful movement, in accordance with the spirit of the Constitution and in observance of the principles of the rule of law. The hour has come. Unite for Reformasi.]
| author = Anwar Ibrahim
| source = Permatang Pauh declaration, 12 September 1998
| align = right
| width = 250px
}}On 12 September 1998, upon his return to his [[Permatang Pauh (federal constituency)|parliamentary constituency]] at [[Permatang Pauh]], Anwar Ibrahim made the ''Permatang Pauh Declaration'', which emphasised his key principles, such as justice through the rule of law, democracy, economic justice, eradication of corruption and the right to protest.{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=172}} The declaration marked the start of a protest movement termed ''Reformasi'' (Nain, 2002, p.121).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nain |first=Zaharom |date=2002 |title=The Media and Malaysia's Reformasi Movement |url=https://doi.org/10.1355/9789812306081-010 |journal=Media Fortunes, Changing Times |location=Singapore |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |volume=6 |pages=119{{ndash}}138 |doi=10.1355/9789812306081-010 |via=de Gruyter}}</ref> From Permatang Pauh, he embarked on a series of speeches and gatherings throughout several towns and major cities in the country, even though his gatherings are considered illegal by law. It is estimated that each event attracted at least 20,000 people, with the largest crowds at Alor Setar and Kota Bharu, at over 50,000 people.{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=172}}

The government decided to not crackdown on these events to protect its image while the nation was hosting the Commonwealth Games and [[APEC]] summit later that year (Nain, 2002, p.121).
==== Popular protests erupt ====
As the closing ceremony of the 1998 Commonwealth Games began, an estimated 30,000 to 50,000 people went to the streets in Kuala Lumpur on 20 September to protest against the sacking of Anwar Ibrahim as deputy prime minister. It was the largest protest in the capital since 1969.{{sfn|Funston|1999|p=172}} 16 people were detained in the protest.

==== Anwar arrested ====
Anwar was arrested on 21 September 1998.

=== Nipah virus outbreak, 1998{{Ndash}}1999 ===
{{Main articles|1998–1999 Malaysia Nipah virus outbreak}}
[[File:Nipah virus outbreak in West Malaysia (1998–1999).svg|thumb|228x228px|The 1998–1999 Nipah virus outbreak areas in [[West Malaysia]], blue is the origin source while the red are further affected areas.]]
In late-September 1998, an outbreak of acute [[encephalitis]] was recorded in pig-farms in [[Ipoh]]. The outbreak coincided with the earliest political crises surrounding Anwar Ibrahim's sacking as deputy prime minister that same month. It predominantly affected those involved in the local pig-farming industry. Initially misidentified as an outbreak of [[Japanese encephalitis]] (JE), the disease spread beyond [[Perak]] and was present in three states in Malaysia by January 1999, resulting in 265 cases with 105 recorded deaths (p.63-64).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Looi |first=Lai Meng |last2=Chua |first2=Kaw Bing |year=2007 |title=Lessons from the Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19108397/ |journal=The Malaysian Journal of Pathology |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=63–67 |issn=0126-8635 |pmid=19108397 |via=[[PubMed]]}}</ref> This mistake was not corrected until March 1999, when it was attributed to a [[Nipah virus|previously undiscovered virus]] which had an extremely high mortality rate. The subsequent response to control the outbreak was successful, with the last death recorded in May 1999.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doucleff |first=Michaeleen |last2=Greenhalgh |first2=Jane |date=25 February 2017 |title=A Taste For Pork Helped A Deadly Virus Jump To Humans |work=[[NPR]] |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/02/25/515258818/a-taste-for-pork-helped-a-deadly-virus-jump-to-humans |access-date=31 July 2023}}</ref>

The epidemic resulted in serious ramifications for the Malaysian government. It caused the near-collapse of the once-thriving local pig-farming industry, with an estimated US$582 million in losses and the immediate unemployment of over 30,000 people (p.3).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Kristine M. |last2=Machalaba |first2=Catherine C. |last3=Seifman |first3=Richard |last4=Feferholtz |first4=Yasha |last5=Karesh |first5=William B. |year=2019 |title=Infectious disease and economics: The case for considering multi-sectoral impacts |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235277141830034X |journal=One Health |language=en |volume=7 |pages=1{{ndash}}6 |doi=10.1016/j.onehlt.2018.100080 |issn=2352-7714}}</ref> Several local communities and villages based around the industry suffered long term general declines in development and living standards after the outbreak (p.106).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ng |first=Chiu Wan |last2=Choo |first2=Wan Yuen |last3=Chong |first3=Heng Thay |last4=Dahlui |first4=Maznah |last5=Goh |first5=Khean Jin |last6=Tan |first6=Chong Tin |date=2009 |title=Long-term socioeconomic impact of the Nipah Virus encephalitis outbreak in Bukit Pelanduk, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia: A mixed methods approach |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228355792_Long-term_socioeconomic_impact_of_the_Nipah_Virus_encephalitis_outbreak_in_Bukit_Pelanduk_Negeri_Sembilan_Malaysia_A_mixed_methods_approach |journal=Neurology Asia |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=101{{ndash}}107 |via=ResearchGate}}</ref> These issues were detrimental towards the economy that was still recovering from the financial crisis two years prior. Furthermore, the issue was prone to political conflicts among Muslims, which forbids the consumption of pork, from sensitivities related to the Chinese-majority pig-rearing industry (p.166). The government was also criticised for their initial misidentification and overlooking the seriousness of the crisis, exacerbating negative opinions against the Mahathir administration.{{Sfn|Weiss|1999|p=429}}

The administration only provided minimal compensation for pig-farmers which were insufficient (p.3), and opted for public donations and lottery schemes held by the [[Malaysian Chinese Association]] (MCA) and the private sector to fund humanitarian efforts for the affected victims. This stance was protested by non-governmental organisations and several commerce groups of the Chinese diaspora (p.167).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Teik |first=Khoo Boo |date=2000 |year=2000 |title=Unfinished Crises: Malaysian Politics in 1999 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27912250 |journal=Southeast Asian Affairs |pages=165–183 |issn=0377-5437}}</ref> The donation schemes were also received negatively by some local Chinese civilians as it reminded them of compensation programs held for [[New village|forced resettlement campaigns]] during the [[Malayan Emergency]].{{Sfn|Weiss|1999|p=429}}

=== Consolidation of opposition parties, 1999 ===

==== Formation of Keadilan ====

==== Sabah state election, 1999 ====
{{Main articles|1999 Sabah state election}}

==== General elections, 1999 ====

=== Sodomy trials, 1999{{Ndash}}2000 ===
{{Main articles|Anwar Ibrahim sodomy trials}}

https://books.google.com.my/books?id=md9UAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA263&lpg=PA263&dq=nipah+virus+outbreak+1998+and+the+effects+on+reformasi&source=bl&ots=1yRQsqgLC9&sig=ACfU3U2a-PjOEj4ulCKUoh8TQyNhVBxyug&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiz-rSgvriAAxUxumMGHTKlBj4Q6AF6BAgpEAM#v=onepage&q=nipah%20virus%20outbreak%201998%20and%20the%20effects%20on%20reformasi&f=false

https://www.jstor.org/stable/3021154?searchText=&searchUri=&ab_segments=&searchKey=&refreqid=fastly-default%3A44b96103ffd08f3e8d2ff09db0dbcea7

https://www.jstor.org/stable/25798478?searchText=&searchUri=&ab_segments=&searchKey=&refreqid=fastly-default%3A44b96103ffd08f3e8d2ff09db0dbcea7

https://www.jstor.org/stable/25798468?read-now=1&seq=6#page_scan_tab_contents

https://www.jstor.org/stable/27912250?read-now=1&seq=2#page_scan_tab_contents

for the latter half of the article

https://doi.org/10.1355/9789812306081-010

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1998/09/03/malaysian-premier-fires-deputy-who-pressed-free-market-plan/3d653b67-cacb-482d-b6db-c4c2d0ab37dd/

https://www.rsis.edu.sg/rsis-publication/idss/645-umno-general-assembly-abdulla/

<nowiki>https://library.fes.de/libalt/journals/swetsfulltext/11375733.pdf</nowiki>

<nowiki>https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/gdsmdpbg2420053_en.pdf</nowiki>

https://www.limkitsiang.com/archive/2002/july02/lks1697.htm

https://dkiapcss.edu/Publications/Edited%20Volumes/GrowthGovernance_files/Pub_Growth%20Governance/Pub_GrowthGovernancech15.pdf

10.1353/apr.1999.0009

http://archive.ipu.org/hr-e/164/mal15.htm

10.1111/1477-7053.00044

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/1998-11-08/malaysia-the-feud

10.1080/02185379908434134

https://www.amnesty.org/fr/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/asa280061999en.pdf

== Impact ==
In 2005, the [[Malaysian High Court|Malaysian high court]] ruled on behalf of Anwar and ordered Khalid to pay RM 4.5 million for libel damages.{{sfn|Al Jazeera|2005}}

http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/magazine/2000/0218/nat.malaysia.html

== Political and activist organisations ==

=== Political parties ===

=== Non-governmental organisations ===

== Individual participants ==
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
* [[Anwar Ibrahim]]
* [[Wan Azizah Wan Ismail]]
* [[Lim Kit Siang]]
* [[Lim Guan Eng]]
* [[Chandra Muzaffar]]
* [[Rafizi Ramli]]
* [[Mohamed Azmin Ali]]
* [[Ahmad Zahid Hamidi]]
* [[Tian Chua]]
* [[N. Gobalakrishnan]]
* [[Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat]]
* Mohd Ezam Mohd Noor
* Kua Kia Soong
* Christopher Fernando
{{div col end}}

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist|20em}}

=== Bibliography ===

==== Academic books and newsletters====
{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* {{Cite book |last=Abdul Rahman |first=Senu |title=Revolusi Mental |publisher=Utusan Melayu Publishing |year=1971 |isbn=9789679788914 |location=Kuala Lumpur |oclc=612663614}}
* {{Cite book |last=Abdullah |first=Sarena |url= |title=Newsletter of the International Institute of Asian Studies (Issue 77) |publisher=International Institute of Asian Studies |publication-date=Summer 2017 |chapter=Malay and Islam-Centric national narratives: modern art in Malaysia during the 1980s |access-date=7 August 2022 |chapter-url=https://www.iias.asia/the-newsletter/article/malay-islam-centric-national-narratives-modern-art-malaysia-during-1980s |issue=77}}
* {{Cite book |last=Goh |first=Soo Khoon |url=http://www.nsi-ins.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/2012-How-to-prevent-the-next-crisis-Malaysia.pdf |title=How Malaysia Weathered the Financial Crisis: Policies and Valuable Lessons |last2=Lim |first2=Mah Hui |publisher=[[North-South Institute]] |year=September 2012 |pages=3-4 |access-date=10 August 2022}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hussin |first=Mutalib |title=Islam and Ethnicity in Malay Politics |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1990 |isbn=0195889355 |location=Singapore}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kessler |first=Clive S. |title=Islam and Politics in a Malay State, Kelantan, 1838{{ndash}}1969 |date=April 1978 |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |isbn=9780801411038 |location=[[Ithaca, New York|Ithaca]] and [[London]]}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kua |first=Kia Soong |title=K. Das & the Tunku Tapes |publisher=Strategic Info Research Development |year=2002 |isbn=9789832535010 |author-link=Kua Kia Soong}}
* {{Cite book |last=Khor |first=Martin |url=https://www.twn.my/title2/ge/ge06.pdf |title=The Malaysian Experience in Financial-Economic Crisis Management: An Alternative to the IMF-Style Approach |publisher=Third World Network |year=2005 |isbn=983-2729-40-8 |location=[[George Town, Penang|George Town]]}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lee |first=Kuan Yew |title=Towards a Malaysian Malaysia |publisher=Ministry of Culture of Singapore |date=February{{ndash}}March 1965a |location=Singapore |oclc=11768060}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lee |first=Kuan Yew |url=https://eservice.nlb.gov.sg/data2/BookSG/publish/5/544b3861-8e87-48f4-9005-f5a3723db52a/web/html5/index.html?opf=tablet/BOOKSG.xml&launchlogo=tablet/BOOKSG_BrandingLogo_.png&pn=13 |title=The Battle for a Malaysian Malaysia |publisher=Ministry of Culture of Singapore |location=Singapore |date=November 1965b |access-date=8 August 2022}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mauzy |first=Diane K. |title=Politics and Government in Malaysia |last2=Milne |first2=R. S. |publisher=[[University of British Columbia Press]] |year=1978 |isbn=9780774800716 |location=Vancouver}}
* {{Cite book |last=Means |first=Gordon P. |title=Malaysian Politics |date=May 1970 |publisher=[[New York University Press]] |isbn=9780814704691 |location=[[New York]]}}
* {{Cite book |last=Means |first=Gordon P. |url=https://eservice.nlb.gov.sg/data2/BookSG/publish/9/9d281703-2abe-42f9-b210-7916470480b9/web/html5/index.html?opf=tablet/BOOKSG.xml&launchlogo=tablet/BOOKSG_BrandingLogo_.png |title=Malaysian Politics: The Second Generation |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1991 |isbn=0195889835 |location=[[Singapore]]}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://www.parlimen.gov.my/files/hindex/pdf/DR-30071998.pdf |title=Penyata Rasmi Parliamen Dewan Rakyat |publisher=Documentation Department of the Malaysian Houses of Parliament |location=Kuala Lumpur |pages=36 |language=ms |access-date=19 August 2022 |date=30 July 1998 |volume=37|ref={{harvid|''Dewan Rakyat'' 1998}}}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://1997-2001.state.gov/index.htm |title=1997 Human Rights Report |date=30 January 1998 |publisher=[[Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor]] |location=[[Washington D.C.]] |chapter=Malaysia Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 1997 |chapter-url=https://1997-2001.state.gov/global/human_rights/1997_hrp_report/malaysia.html |agency=[[United States Department of State]] |ref={{harvid|1997 Human Rights Report 1998}}}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11557667_02.pdf |title=Development policies and incentives for foreign investment in Malaysia |publisher=[[Japan International Cooperation Agency]] |year=1998 |pages=3 |ref={{harvid|JICA 1998}}}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://1997-2001.state.gov/index.htm |title=1999 Human Rights Report |date=25 February 2000 |publisher=[[Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor]] |location=[[Washington D.C.]] |chapter=1999 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Malaysia |chapter-url=https://1997-2001.state.gov/global/human_rights/1999_hrp_report/malaysia.html |agency=[[United States Department of State]] |ref={{harvid|1999 Human Rights Report 2000}}}}
{{refend}}

==== Academic journals====
{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* {{Cite journal |last=ter Wengel |first=Jan |last2=Visser |first2=Hans |date=July 1999 |title=The Asian Crisis, the IMF and Dr Mahathir |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF02927845 |journal=Intereconomics |language=en |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=177–183 |doi=10.1007/BF02927845 |issn=0020-5346 |location=Hamburg}}
* {{Cite journal |last=von der Mehden |first=Fred R. |date=1963 |title=Religion and Politics in Malaya |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3023486 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=3 |issue=12 |pages=609–615 |doi=10.2307/3023486 |issn=0004-4687 |via=JSTOR |jstor=3023486}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Abubakar |first=Syarisa Yanti |last2=Ariff |first2=Mohamed |date=December 1999 |title=The Malaysian Financial Crisis: Economic Impact and Recovery Prospects |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1746-1049.1999.tb00241.x |journal=The Developing Economies |language=en |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=417–438 |doi=10.1111/j.1746-1049.1999.tb00241.x}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Abdul Hamid |first=Ahmad Fauzi |date=July{{ndash}}September 2002 |title=The Formative Years of The Dakwah Movement: Origins, Causes and Manifestations of Islamic Resurgence in Malaysia |url=https://www.academia.edu/574354/The_Formative_Years_of_The_Dakwah_Movement_Origins_Causes_and_Manifestations_of_Islamic_Resurgence_in_Malaysia |journal=Journal of the Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (Journal IKIM) |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=87{{ndash}}125 |issn=0021-9398 |access-date=6 August 2022 |via=ResearchGate}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Ariff |first=Mohamed |last2=Abubakar |first2=Syarisa Yanti |date=December 1999 |title=The Malaysian Financial Crisis: Economic Impact and Recovery Prospects |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1746-1049.1999.tb00241.x |journal=The Developing Economies |language=en |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=417–438 |doi=10.1111/j.1746-1049.1999.tb00241.x}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Case |first=William |date=June 1999 |title=Politics beyond Anwar: What's new? |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02185379908434134 |journal=Asian Journal of Political Science |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1080/02185379908434134 |issn=0218-5377 |via=Taylor and Francis}}
* {{cite journal |last=Case |first=William |date=October 2004 |title=New Uncertainties for an Old Pseudo-Democracy: The Case of Malaysia |journal=Comparative Politics |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=83–104 |doi=10.2307/4150125 |jstor=4150125 |via=JSTOR}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Felker |first=Greg |date=1 January 1999 |title=Malaysia in 1998: A Cornered Tiger Bares Its Claws |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/as/article/39/1/43/23581/Malaysia-in-1998-A-Cornered-Tiger-Bares-Its-Claws |journal=Asian Survey |language=en |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=43–54 |doi=10.2307/2645593 |issn=0004-4687|jstor=2645593|via=JSTOR}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Funston |first=John |date=1999 |title=MALAYSIA: A Fateful September |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27912226 |journal=Southeast Asian Affairs |pages=165–184 |issn=0377-5437 |jstor=27912226 |via=JSTOR}}
* {{cite journal |last=Funston |first=John |date=April 2000 |title=Malaysia's Tenth Elections: Status Quo, "Reformasi" or Islamization? |journal=Contemporary Southeast Asia |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=23–59 |doi=10.1355/CS22-1B |jstor=25798478 |via=JSTOR}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Healey |first=Lucy |date=October 2000 |title=Gender, "Aliens", and the National Imaginary in Contemporary Malaysia |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41057040 |journal=Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=222–254 |issn=0217-9520 |jstor=41057040 |via=JSTOR}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Kawai |first=Masahiro |last2=Takagi |first2=Shinji |date=1 May 2003 |title=Rethinking Capital Controls: The Malaysian Experience |url=https://www.mof.go.jp/jouhou/soken/kenkyu/ron056.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=PRI Discussion Paper Series |location=Tokyo |publisher=[[Ministry of Finance (Japan)|Japanese Ministry of Finance]] |volume=3A |issue=5 |pages=1-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110324021806/http://www.mof.go.jp/jouhou/soken/kenkyu/ron056.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2011 |access-date=19 August 2022}}
* {{Cite journal |last2=Mohamed |first2=Mustapa |last=Kennedy |first=Jeffrey C. |date=2002 |title=National Economic Action Council Executive Director Dato' Mustapa Mohamed on Economic Growth and Investment in Malaysia |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4165863 |journal=The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005) |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=8–14 |issn=1079-5545|jstor=4165863}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Kessler |first=Clive S. |date=1972 |title=Islam, Society and Political Behaviour: Some Comparative Implications of the Malay Case |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/588155 |journal=The British Journal of Sociology |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=33–50 |doi=10.2307/588155 |issn=0007-1315 |via=JSTOR |jstor=588155}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Khoo |first=Boo Teik |date=2000 |title=Unfinished Crises: Malaysian Politics in 1999 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27912250 |journal=Southeast Asian Affairs |pages=165–183 |issn=0377-5437 |jstor=27912250 |via=JSTOR}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Latiff |first=Subky Abdul |date=1 January 1977 |title=UMNO: 30 Years After |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27908313 |journal=Southeast Asian Affairs |pages=160-172 |jstor=27912277 |url-access=registration |via=JSTOR}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Leifer |first=Michael |date=1964 |title=Communal Violence in Singapore |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2642213 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=4 |issue=10 |pages=1115–1121 |doi=10.2307/2642213 |issn=0004-4687 |jstor=2642213 |access-date=8 August 2022 |via=JSTOR}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Lim |first=Mah Hui |date=1980 |title=Ethnic and class relations in Malaysia |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00472338085390051 |journal=Journal of Contemporary Asia |volume=10 |issue=1-2 |pages=130–154 |doi=10.1080/00472338085390051 |issn=0047-2336}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Meuleman |first=Johan |date=2011 |title="Dakwah", competition for authority, and development |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41288763 |journal=Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde |volume=167 |issue=2/3 |pages=236–269 |issn=0006-2294 |jstor=41288763 |via=JSTOR}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Milne |first=R. S. |date=April 1970 |title=National Ideology and Nation-Building in Malaysia |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/as/article/10/7/563/3364/National-Ideology-and-Nation-Building-in-Malaysia |journal=Asian Survey |language=en |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=563-573 |doi=10.2307/2642955 |issn=0004-4687}}
* {{cite journal |last=Mohamad |first=Maznah |date=26 February 2018 |title=The Unravelling of A "Malay Consensus" |journal=Southeast Asian Affairs |pages=208–225 |jstor=27912277 |via=JSTOR}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Mohamad Shukri |first=Syaza Farhana |date=24 December 2020 |title=Scandal and Malay Politics: A Question of Dignity Against Anwar Ibrahim and Azmin Ali |url=https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.28.4.17 |journal=Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities |language=en |volume=28 |issue=4 |doi=10.47836/pjssh.28.4.17 |issn=2231-8534}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Muzaffar |first=Chandra |author-link=Chandra Muzaffar |title=Islamic Resurgence: A Global View |year=1986a |journal=Islam and Society in Southeast Asia |pages=5-39}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Muzaffar |first=Chandra |author-link=Chandra Muzaffar |title=Islam in Malaysia: Resurgence and Response |year=1986b |journal=Islam in Asia|pages=5-38}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Muzaffar |first=Chandra |author-link=Chandra Muzaffar |date=February 1999 |title=Power Struggle in the Anwar Crisis |pages=13 |journal=ISIM Newsletter |publisher=International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A2731781/download|access-date=2 August 2023}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Hari |date=October 2000 |title=Democratization or Oligarchic Restructuring? The Politics of Reform in Malaysia |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0017257X00003663/type/journal_article |journal=Government and Opposition |language=en |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=520–546 |doi=10.1111/1477-7053.00044 |issn=0017-257X |via=Cambridge}}</ref>
* {{Cite journal |last=Syed Hassan |first=Sharifah Zaleha |date=31 March 2006 |title=Political Islam in Malaysia: The Rise and Fall of Al Arqam |url=https://core.ac.uk/display/234718305?utm_source=pdf&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=pdf-decoration-v1 |journal=Bulletin of Institute of Asian Cultural Studies, International Christian University |access-date=5 August 2022 |via=CORE}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Snider |first=Nancy L. |date=1968 |title=What Happened in Penang? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2642150 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=8 |issue=12 |pages=960–975 |doi=10.2307/2642150 |issn=0004-4687 |access-date=8 August 2022 |via=JSTOR |jstor=2642150}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Verma |first=Vidhu |date=29 July 2000 |title=Malaysian Elections 1999: Unfinished Journey |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4409556 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=35 |issue=31 |pages=2717–2724 |issn=0012-9976 |jstor=25798468 |via=JSTOR|access-date=24 October 2014}}
* {{cite journal |last=Weiss |first=Meredith L. |date=26 February 1999 |title=What Will Become of Reformasi? Ethnicity and Changing Political Norms in Malaysia |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25798468 |journal=Contemporary Southeast Asia |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=424–450 |issn=0129-797X |doi=10.1355/CS21-3F |jstor=25798468 |via=JSTOR}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Welsh |first=Bridget |date=1999 |title=Malaysia and Globalization: Contradictory Currents |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/784956 |journal=Asian Perspective |language=en |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=261–286 |doi=10.1353/apr.1999.0009 |issn=2288-2871 |via=Project MUSE}}
{{refend}}

====Articles from magazines, newspapers and websites====
{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* {{Cite news |last=Kak Ros |first=Mah |date=24 March 2011 |title=Luahan Hati Nenek Pendek Terhadap Rahim ‘Perogol Budak Bawah Umur’ |work=[[Harakah]] |url=http://www.harakahdaily.my/luahan-hati-nenek-pendek-terhadap-rahim-perogol-budak-bawah-umur |url-status=dead |access-date=20 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503221909/http://www.harakahdaily.my/luahan-hati-nenek-pendek-terhadap-rahim-perogol-budak-bawah-umur |archive-date=3 May 2016 |language=ms |ref={{harvid|''Harakah'' 2011}}}}
* {{Cite news |last1=Kamm |first1=Henry |date=26 August 1981 |title=Malaysia Ends Ban on Premier's Book |language=en-US |pages=9 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/08/26/world/malaysia-ends-ban-on-premier-s-book.html |access-date=2 August 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}
* {{cite news |last1=Kamm |first1=Henry |date=8 July 1988 |title=Malaysian Founder 'Disgusted' at Successor |pages=3 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/08/world/malaysian-founder-disgusted-at-successor.html |access-date=14 August 2022}}
* {{Cite news |last=Loone |first=Susan |date=11 March 2002 |title=Guan Eng's disqualification from office for offences unwarranted: Karpal |work=MalaysiaKini |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/10665 |url-status=live |access-date=20 August 2022}}
* {{Cite news |last=Mahmud |first=Zin |date=6 February 2018 |title=Di sebalik harapan rakyat kepada PKR |language=ms |publisher=[[Free Malaysia Today]] |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/opinion/2018/02/06/di-sebalik-harapan-rakyat-kepada-pkr/ |access-date=11 May 2019|ref={{harvid|Mahmud 2018}}}}
* {{Cite web |last=Suhaimi |first=Kay |date=4 May 2018 |title=Sejarah Penubuhan Parti KeADILan Rakyat dan Pakatan Harapan |url=https://iluminasi.com/bm/sejarah-penubuhan-parti-keadilan-rakyat-dan-pakatan-harapan.html |access-date=11 May 2019 |publisher=Iluminasi |language=ms|ref={{harvid|Suhaimi 2018}}}}
* {{Cite web |last=Symonds |first=Peter |date=3 October 1998 |title=Behind the sacking and arrest of Anwar Ibrahim |url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/1998/10/mal-o03.html |access-date=2 August 2023 |website=World Socialist Web Site |language=en}}
* {{Cite news |last=Timothy |first=O'Brien |date=6 December 1998 |title=He's Seen The Enemy. It Looks Like Him. |pages=1 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/06/business/he-s-seen-the-enemy-it-looks-like-him.html?scp=5&sq=george |url-access=subscription |access-date=2 August 2022}}
* {{cite web |last=Wong |first= Chin Huat |date=17 August 2007 |title=Splits in Umno and Opposition unity |url=https://www.malaysianbar.org.my/article/news/legal-and-general-news/general-news/splits-in-umno-and-opposition-unity |access-date=29 September 2021 |work=[[The Sun (Malaysia)|The Sun]] |via=[[Malaysian Bar]] |author-link=Wong Chin Huat}}
* {{Cite news |last=Ujang |first=Azman |date=24 May 1997 |title=Mahathir recalls the day students 'arrested' him |pages=30 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |agency=[[Bernama]] |url=http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digital_Content/Prominent_Leaders/Mahathir/News_1968-2004/1996-1998/1997ko/mahathir%20rech%20students.pdf |access-date=10 August 2022}}
* {{Cite news |date=5 December 1974 |title=Malaysia Protest Continues |pages=5 |work=[[The New York Times]] |agency=[[Reuters]] |publication-place=[[Kuala Lumpur]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/12/05/archives/malaysia-protest-continues.html |access-date=2 August 2022 |ref={{harvid|''The New York Times'' 1974}}}}
* {{Cite news |date=21 November 1994 |title=Women protest handling of rape charge against former Malacca chief |work=[[Union of Catholic Asian News]] |url=https://www.ucanews.com/story-archive/?post_name=/1994/11/22/women-protest-handling-of-rape-charge-against-former-malacca-chief&post_id=46314 |url-status=live |access-date=20 August 2022 |ref={{harvid|''UCAN'' 1994}}}}
* {{Cite news |date=25 June 1998 |title=Just do as the doctor says |work=[[The Economist]] |agency=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/1998/06/25/just-do-as-the-doctor-says |access-date=3 August 2023 |issn=0013-0613 |ref={{harvid|The Economist 1998}}}}
* {{Cite news |date=6 July 1998 |title=Anwar awaits report on BN defeat in Arau |work=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digital_Content/Prominent_Leaders/Mahathir/News_1968-2004/1996-1998/1998aj/anwar%20awaits%20report%20on%20bn%20.pdf |access-date=3 August 2023 |via=Perdana Library |ref={{harvid|New Straits Times 1998}}}}
* {{Cite news |date=25 August 1998 |title=Malaysia: Amnesty International declares Lim Guan Eng a prisoner of conscience, demands his immediate release |agency=[[Amnesty International]] |url=https://www.amnesty.org/es/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/asa280171998en.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=20 August 2022 |ref={{harvid|Amnesty International 1998}}}}
* {{Cite web |date=23 October 1998 |title=Malaysia: Former Deputy Prime Minister Ibrahim Arrested |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/1998/10/23/malaysia-former-deputy-prime-minister-ibrahim-arrested |access-date=2 August 2023 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en |ref={{harvid|Human Rights Watch 1998}}}}
* {{Cite web |date=10 December 1998 |title=Pergerakan Keadilan Sosial (ADIL) |url=http://mgrnk.tripod.com/index2.html |access-date=11 May 2019 |publisher=Pergerakan Keadilan Sosial (ADIL) |language=ms|ref={{harvid|ADIL 1998}}}}
* {{Cite news |date=26 December 2001 |title=The Tunku Tapes: Jailing Harun - Part 3 |work=MalaysiaKini |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/6024 |url-status=live |access-date=31 July 2022 |ref={{harvid|MalaysiaKini 2001-2002}}}}
* {{Cite web |date=18 August 2005 |title=Anwar Ibrahim wins libel damages |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/8/18/anwar-ibrahim-wins-libel-damages |access-date=2 August 2023 |website=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |ref={{harvid|Al Jazeera|2005}}}}
* {{Cite web |date=31 August 2016 |title=Several top brass engulfed in scandals in the past |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/08/31/several-top-brass-engulfed-in-scandals-in-the-past/#lt7PBGH4R1IrQAti.99 |url-status=live |access-date=1 August 2022 |website=The Star}}
* {{Cite web |date=2 August 2017 |title=Flashback – Zahid's wealth under scrutiny at '98 Umno AGM |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/390643 |access-date=2 August 2023 |website=[[Malaysiakini]] |ref={{harvid|MalaysiaKini 2017}}}}
* {{Cite news |date=16 December 2018 |title=Ex-CM whose case led to Guan Eng's jailing applies to join Bersatu |work=MalaysiaKini |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/456410 |access-date=20 August 2022|ref={{harvid|''MalaysiaKini'' 2018}}}}
* {{Cite web |title=Dakwah (Malaysia) |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095658101 |url-status=live |access-date=5 August 2022 |website=Oxford Reference |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|ref={{harvid|Oxford Reference 2022}}}}
{{refend}}

====Other publications====
{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* {{cite thesis |last=Hussein |first=Syed Ahmad |date=1988 |title=Islam and politics in Malaysia, 1969-1982: The dynamics of competing traditions |type=PhD |publisher=[[Yale University]] |docket= |oclc=8917692 |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/e393ec3174b4e743631ef9899627aaea/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y |access-date=9 August 2022}}
* {{cite thesis |last=Lee |first=Jay Hyon |date=2005 |title=UMNO Factionalism and The Politics Of Malaysian National Identity |type=PhD |chapter=Introduction: Main Arguments, Research Questions and Thesis Structure |publisher=Murdoch University |docket= |oclc=225004187 |url=https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/154/2/ |access-date=31 July 2022}}

{{refend}}

== Unprocessed ==

=== Accusations of corruption within Mahathir's government ===
<s>During the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997, UMNO party leaders accused Mahathir of mismanaging the economic crisis. A concert of attacks followed, including a claim made by a Time magazine article that Mahathir has funnelled a $250 million loan to his son through political party connections. Overt attempts by some in the ruling elite to protect ailing beneficiaries and "clients" from the full thrust of market forces in the wake of the financial crisis like the above largely contributed to the friction between Mahathir and Anwar, with the latter commonly believed to have been less willing to yield to the government's financial bail-outs of these cronies.</s>

<s>As more of the business conglomerates created by symbiotic relationships between government and business elites started to face financial ruin, political ramifications inevitably spread to the highest levels of the ruling United Malays National Organization (UMNO)/Barisan Nasional coalition. When Anwar continued to resist some of these attempts at rescuing politically-linked businesses, he was politically neutralized by first being arrested and then charged with corruption and sexual misconduct.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/25798528 Subramaniam, S. (2001). The Dual Narrative of "Good Governance": Lessons for Understanding Political and Cultural Change in Malaysia and Singapore, ''Contemporary Southeast Asia'', ''23'' (1), p 67. Accessed: 24/10/2014.]</ref>
Months before Anwar's arrest, Mahathir had been granting more responsibility for economic policy-making to [[Daim Zainuddin]], a financial strongman, thus limiting Anwar's power. Mahathir accused Anwar for being a "puppet" of foreign powers and institutions such as the [[International Monetary Fund]]<ref>{{cite web |title=IMF -- International Monetary Fund Home Page |url=http://www.imf.org/external/index.htm |website=www.imf.org}}</ref> (IMF), out to re-colonize Malaysia and the arrest was partly due to Anwar's economic mismanagement. Mahathir claimed that Anwar and his supporters were guilty of corruption and cronyism and that he had led the country to the brink of economic disaster by following the wishes of the IMF. Anwar was a "liar and an agitator, detained for this in 1974, and now returning to his old ways. Above all else, disregarding court warnings on the issue."

<s>Despite Mahathir's clear enmity against the IMF, Anwar stated that the government "have an excellent rapport with the IMF officials and that they did say that Malaysia did not need IMF's rescue".<ref>Khoo, B. T.(2003). ''Beyond Mahathir: Malaysia Politics and its Discontent'', London: Zed Books Ltd, p 60</ref> Despite Mahathir's use of state's funds to bail out several prominent conglomerates, Anwar defended his opposition to government's bailouts and lack of transparency.</s>

=== 1998 Indonesian crises ===

==== May 1998 riots ====

==== Fall of Suharto ====

=== Political conflict between Anwar and Mahathir ===

== History ==

=== Early relations between Anwar and Mahathir ===
In 1982, Mahathir, who had succeeded as Prime Minister the year before, persuaded Anwar to join UMNO. Anwar would eventually become Mahathir's [[Protégé|''protégé'']], maintaining the view of Mahathir as a "father figure".<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=4 September 1998 |title=Anwar declines to blame 'father' |work=[[South China Morning Post]] |url=https://www.scmp.com/article/254031/anwar-declines-blame-father |access-date=2 August 2022}}</ref> Rising through the ranks with ministerial appointments between 1983 and 1993, Anwar took on the role as Deputy Prime Minister after [[1993 United Malays National Organisation leadership election|UMNO party elections in 1993]], succeeding Ghafar Baba.<ref name=":27" />

=== Initial protests ===
<s>In early September 1998, Anwar Ibrahim, who was the Deputy Prime Minister, was unceremoniously removed from his positions in government and UMNO. He was fired for sexual misconduct. Even before charges were laid, Mahathir explained in graphic detail – repeated in stunningly explicit lead articles and banner headlines in the press – that his deputy was guilty of adultery, sodomy, and was trying to cover up evidences of his trysts. However, Anwar was not immediately detained. For 18 days he toured the country, giving extremely well attended public lectures on justice, the purported evils of Mahathirism, the prevalence of cronyism and corruption, the needs for social safety nets and the urgency to reform. Anwar averred that he had been pressing for change from within, and stressed on his role in developing low-cost housing and people-friendly policies while in government. He was largely supported by Islamic NGOs and a wide array of other groups and organizations. Islamist Groups in particular command an immense grassroots network. They were able to rouse tens of thousands of mostly Malay youths to espouse Anwar's cause and his calls for Reformasi. Opposition parties, such as DAP and PAS, have also proclaimed their support.</s>

<s>The movement borrowed their idiom from the campaign in the neighboring country of Indonesia against President [[Suharto]] earlier that year, which protested against the thirty-some years of [[New Order (Indonesia)|Suharto rule]] in pursuit of "Reformasi", which successfully ended with [[Fall of Suharto|his resignation on 21 May]].<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4150125 Case, W. (2004). New Uncertainties for an Old Pseudo-Democracy: The Case of Malaysia, ''Comparative Politics'', ''37'' (1), p 89. Accessed: 24/10/2014.]</ref> Before his arrest on 20 September, Anwar travelled across the country, giving huge crowds public lectures on justice, the prevalence of cronyism and corruption, the urgency for social safety nets and so on. These groups controlled an expansive grassroots network and were able to garner tens of thousands of mostly Malay youths to support Anwar's cause and his calls for Reformasi.</s>

<s>Opposition parties such as the [[Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)|Democratic Action Party]] (DAP) and [[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party]] (PAS) also extended their support. After leading a huge rally in Kuala Lumpur on 20 September 1998, amid the [[1998 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] and the United Kingdom's Queen [[Elizabeth II]]'s visit to Kuala Lumpur, Anwar was finally arrested and detained under the [[Internal Security Act (Malaysia)|Internal Security Act]] (ISA). A number of his followers were also held under the ISA, and hundreds of demonstrators were eventually charged with illegal assembly and related offences.<ref></ref></s>

<s>After leading an enormous rally in Kuala Lumpur on 20 September 1998, Anwar was finally arrested, together with a number of his followers. In addition, hundreds of demonstrators were eventually charged with illegal assembly and related offenses. Anwar was initially held under the ISA before other charges were specified. Opposition to the ISA became a central issue to Reformasi movement. Nine days after his arrest, Anwar appeared in court with serious head and neck injuries. As the Royal Commission of Inquiry concluded in March 1999, Anwar had been beaten in the custody by Rahim Noor, the then [[Inspector-General of Police (Malaysia)|Inspector General of Police]] (IGP) and was later found guilty of assault and jailed for two months in 2000. Anwar was eventually sentenced to six years' imprisonment for corruption in April 1999 and nine years' imprisonment for sodomy two months later by the Malaysia High Court. His trial and conviction were widely discredited by the international community. [[Amnesty International]] stated that the trial proceedings "exposed a pattern of political manipulation of key state institutions including the police, public prosecutor’s office and the judiciary" and declared Anwar a [[prisoner of conscience]], stating that he had been arrested in order to silence him as a political opponent.<ref>[http://www.lrwc.org/canadian-lawyers-malaysia/ Canadian Lawyers Defend the Independence of the Bar in Malaysia]</ref></s>

<s>Once Anwar had been detained, the Reformasi movement continued to develop, with "Justice for Anwar" remaining a potent rallying call. Before his arrest, Anwar had designated his wife, Wan Azizah Wan Ismail as the successor of the movement. Wan Azizah developed an enormous following, attracting thousands to her emotional but rather banal speeches.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} For a time, these followers held massive weekend street demonstrations, mostly in Kuala Lumpur but also occasionally in Penang and other cities, for "keadilan" (justice) and against Mahathir.</s>

<s>Reformasi protesters demanded protection for civil liberties and repeal of the ISA. They decried constraints on the media and the judiciary and lambasted what was called KNN (korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme) (corruption, cronyism and nepotism). Others also called for Islamization as the solution to the perceived moral decay of the government and society. Shouts of ''Allabu Akhbar'' (God is great) and [[takbir]] (a call to praise God) peppered demonstrations, many of which took place around mosques and at prayer times. The demonstrations were met with increasingly harsh crackdowns by the police.</s>

<s>These street protests had largely tapered out by mid-November, but they resumed at key moments, such as the announcement and anniversaries of the verdicts on Anwar's cases.</s>

<s>Demonstrations intensified by the surrounding actions against Anwar - his arrest at gunpoint, assault by the chief of police, widely publicized sexual allegations against him,<ref>Anwar's character assassination worsened when a swirl of poison-pen letters hit the scene targeting him. Also, at the UMNO's 18–21 June Annual General Assembly, the book, 50 Dalil Mengapa Anwar Tidak Boleh Jadi PM (50 Reasons Why Anwar Cannot Be Prime Minister) mysteriously found its way into the delegate bags of attendees. Though Anwar insisted that the claims in the book were defamatory, some of them resurfaced among the legal charges levelled against him. There was speculation that Anwar had been orchestrating a coup at the June 1998's party General Assembly rather than wait for Mahathir to follow through on his promise to hand over power soon. There, Mahathir outwitted Anwar by, for instance, undercutting Anwar's charges of cronyism by revealing that many came from Anwar himself. However, those were quickly subdued after Mahathir made his official endorsement of Anwar as his successor in the presence of the members of the Supreme Council during the Assembly.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=WEISS |first=MEREDITH L. |date=26 February 1999 |title=What Will Become of Reformasi? Ethnicity and Changing Political Norms in Malaysia |journal=Contemporary Southeast Asia |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=424–450 |doi=10.1355/CS21-3F |jstor=25798468}}</ref><ref>Billington, G. G (1998). Malaysia's Mahathir trumps 'anti-corruption' crowd. EIR, 25.</ref> and his highly controversial court cases. Thousands took to the streets in protest when Anwar was sentenced to six years in jail for corruption (abuse of power) in April 1999. Police repression was again harsh and 118 people were arrested. Police dispersed protesters with the use of tear gas, chemically-laced water and bludgeons, and publicised photographs and lists in the mainstream press of people wanted for interrogation. Apart from direct confrontation in the streets, the government and the opposition maintained an acrimonious campaign against each other, in the mainstream and the alternative media respectively. The latter included the bilingual (English and Malay) PAS newspaper, Harakah, published twice a week, smaller weekly and monthly publications such as Eksklusif, Detik and Tamadun, and several sites on the Internet.<ref>[</ref></s>

== Test ==

== <s>Reformasi's goals</s> ==
<s>The Reformasi movement linked a wide array of protesters who had divergent aims and concerns under a commodious if amorphous umbrella. Reformasi constituted a broad-based popular movement for social, political and economic change. It was represented by the [[Barisan Alternatif]] (BA) coalition a precursor to [[Pakatan Rakyat]] (PR), itself a precursor to the current ruling [[Pakatan Harapan]] (PH) government, and in civil society by conglomerations of NGOs, trade unions, and other activists cooperating across sectors and issue areas. The groundswell of opposition to Mahathir, to BN, and specific government laws and policies conveyed in opposition oriented media (especially on the internet) was also tied to the Reformasi movement.</s>

<s>The movement and its leaders were forced to specify precisely what they meant by "reform" and to articulate concrete, pragmatic objectives once the political crisis matured. Particularly since elections approached, the aims of Reformasi had to be somehow encapsulated in a broadly appealing electoral platform.</s>

<s>Over the course of events, the Reformasi movement attracted an unprecedented range of active and passive supporters. Most Malaysians seemed to agree that at least some degree of change is warranted. For instance, 85 percent of respondents to a mid-1999 survey agreed that Malaysia needed a reassessment in politics, economy and society.</s>

<s>Among the more comprehend documents detailing specific reforms were two that originated with Chinese activists: the "People Are The Boss" declaration and that of the Malaysian Chinese Organizations' Election Appeals Committee (also known as ''Suqiu''), both of them promulgated in mid-August 1999. The online "People Are The Boss" campaign was started by an informal group of ethnic-Chinese journalists as a noncommunal citizens' awareness campaign.</s>

<s>The list of signatories included not only Chinese Malaysians but also a number of Malays and Indians. The project's "Declaration on the People's Awareness" explains that government is appointed by and empowered by the people; the people thus have the right and responsibility to monitor their "employees" and hold them accountable.</s>

<s>Suqiu proved more controversial. At the forefront was the Suqiu Committee, a lobbying and monitoring group composed of 13 national-level Chinese guilds and associations. In addition, over 2,000 Chinese organizations nationwide endorsed a list of 17 core demands that was drafted as a wishlist, submitted to all political parties, and accepted at least in principle by the BN's [[Malaysian Chinese Association]] (MCA), [[Malaysian People's Movement Party]] (Gerakan), [[Sarawak United People's Party]] (SUPP), and also the opposition [[Barisan Alternatif]] or Alternative Front (BA) coalition.</s>

<s>Some of the demands, such as those for promoting democracy, human rights, justice, women's rights, and national unity, are nonethnic. Others are considered communal, such as demanding for modernizing New Villages and encouraging more egalitarian multiculturalism.</s>

<s>The MCA presented the demands to the cabinet, but UMNO condemned them as inappropriately communal and threatening. Fiery debate on Suqiu extended well beyond the elections. UMNO swore that it would uphold the position of Malays, and UMNO Youth staged an aggressive demonstration outside the Selangor Chinese Assembly Hall in August 2000.</s>

<s>Others were more supportive of the initiative, particularly those from the BA and civil society, a cohort that included a multiracial array of students and youth organizations.</s>

<s>Suqiu's defenders urged that the debate not be rendered so racially incendiary, advising that affirmative action policies be made more need-based, pointing out that the constitution guarantees Malays a special position (kedudukan istimewa) and not special rights (hak istimewa), and asserting that Islam denies any racial group-specific privileges. Eventually, under intense pressure, Suqiu backed down in January 2001.</s>

== <s>International response</s> ==
<s>Anwar's arrest prompted commentators as diverse as Amnesty International, Indonesian President [[B.J. Habibie]], [[George Soros]] and former U.S. Vice-President [[Al Gore]] who showed signs of disapproval at Malaysia's political and economic failures. At the [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation|1998 APEC Summit]] in Kuala Lumpur, Al Gore, gave a speech supporting Anwar and the Reformasi movement in front of the Prime Minister of Malaysia and other Asia-Pacific premiers.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42897266 Jones, M. D. (2000). What Mahathir Has Wrought. ''The National Interest'', 59, p 103. Accessed: 24/10/2014.]</ref></s>

<s>"Democracy confers a stamp of legitimacy that reforms must have in order to be effective." He went on: "And so, among nations suffering economic crises, we continue to hear calls for democracy, calls for reform, in many languages - [[People Power Revolution|People Power]], [[Doi Moi]], [[Post-Suharto era|Reformasi]]. We hear them today - right here, right now - among the brave people of Malaysia."<ref>Alejandro Reyes. Tim Healy. Asiaweek. Shattered Summit.</ref></s>

<s>In September 1998, Mahathir experienced his first international snub when the [[Islamic Society of North America]] (ISNA) withdrew its invitation to the Prime Minister to be a keynote speaker at one of its meetings. Mahathir's invitation by a group of pro-government students based at [[Cambridge University]] to a workshop in October also sparked a controversy when a rival group calling itself the Cambridge Coalition for a Free Malaysia<ref>{{cite web |last=ajue |title=Cambridge Coalition For a Free Malaysia |url=http://cambridgecoalition.tripod.com/ |website=cambridgecoalition.tripod.com}}</ref> reacted to the invitation by calling for a boycott of the planned event. The event was not cancelled, but Mahathir was met by protestors, mainly Malaysian students and members of the Cambridge University Amnesty International group.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/27912277 Mohamed, M. (2001). The Unravelling of "Malay Consensus". ''Southeast Asian Affairs'', p 219. Accessed: 24/10/2014.]</ref></s>

== <s>Domestic response</s> ==
<s>The Reformasi movement attracted a wide range of previously disparate groups. About 25 Malay non-governmental organizations like the ''[[Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia]]'' or Islamic Youth Movement of Malaysia (ABIM)<ref>http://www.abim.org.my/</ref> and the Malaysian Islamic Reform Society joined PAS in forming GERAK (Malaysian People's Movement for Justice).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nasir |first=Lyn |date=4 April 2014 |title=Selepas 15 tahun, KEADILAN kini bertambah kuat |url=http://www.keadilandaily.com/selepas-15-tahun-keadilan-kini-bertambah-kuat/ |access-date=11 May 2019 |publisher=Keadilan Daily |language=ms}}</ref></s>

<s>Predominantly non-Malay non-governmental organisations such as [[Suara Rakyat Malaysia]] (SUARAM)<ref>{{cite web |title=SUARAM - Suara Rakyat Malaysia |url=http://www.suaram.net/ |website=SUARAM - Suara Rakyat Malaysia}}</ref> (Malaysian People's Voice) joined the DAP and the small but venerable [[Parti Rakyat Malaysia|Malaysian People's Party]] in forming GAGASAN (Coalition for People's Democracy). Further, as anticipation mounted that elections would be called, some forty non-governmental organizations involved with GERAK and GAGASAN organised Pemantau (Malaysian Citizens' Election Watch).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Case |first=William |date=26 February 2018 |title=New Uncertainties for an Old Pseudo-Democracy: The Case of Malaysia |journal=Comparative Politics |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=83–104 |doi=10.2307/4150125 |jstor=4150125}}</ref></s>

<s>As a political commentator, former Deputy Prime Minister [[Musa Hitam]] remarked that "If the reformasi movement and demonstrations could be given any significance in terms of Malaysian politics ... it is more issue-based than racial. I'm fascinated." Musa commented that prior to Reformasi, "any demonstration of any nature in Kuala Lumpur or Penang would always turn racial. Even if they were against the government, they would burn the Chinese shops."<ref>Hwang, In-Won (2003). Personalized Politics: The Malaysian State under Mahathir, p. 318. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. {{ISBN|981-230-185-2}}.</ref></s>
<references />
==Test==
{{Infobox
| bodyclass = collapsible {{#ifeq:{{{state|}}}|collapsed|collapsed}} navbox
| bodystyle = width:28em
| labelstyle = min-width: width:33%; background:#ddf;
| label1 =
| data1 =
| label2 = Mid-1968
| data2 = '''Dakwah movement''''''; the pro-Islamic sociopolitical movement begins in Kuala Lumpur.
| label3 = {{nowrap|13 May 1969}}
| data3 = '''13 May incident'''; Mahathir Mohamad and other nationalist politicians accused of inciting racial tensions expelled from UMNO by 1970.
| label4 = 6 Aug 1971
| data4 = Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM) is established.
| label5 = 04 Dec 1974
| data5 = '''Baling protests'''; Anwar Ibrahim and other student leaders of ABIM arrested.
| label6 = 16 Jul 1981
| data6 = Mahathir Mohamad assumes position as prime minister of Malaysia.
| label7 = 24 Apr 1987
| data7 = '''1987 UMNO party elections'''; Mahathir{{ndash}}Ghafar Baba defeats Razaleigh{{ndash}}Musa Hitam in a controversial party election to secure a new leadership term until 1993.
| label8 = 27 Oct 1987
| data8 = '''Operation Lalang'''; 119 opposition political leaders arrested amidst controversial government opinions of heightening racial tensions.
| label9 = 04 Nov 1993
| data9 = '''1993 UMNO party elections'''; Anwar Ibrahim defeats Ghafar Baba and assumes the deputy presidency of UMNO.
| label10 = 02 Jul 1997
| data10 = '''Asian financial crisis'''; the Malaysian economy suffers its worse downturn in history as it enters a recession for the first time since 1985. It would not recover until 1999.
| label11 = 21 May 1998
| data11 = '''Fall of Suharto'''; the Indonesian ''Reformation-era'' begins as Suharto is ousted from power after 31-years of authoritarian rule.
| label12 = 25 Aug 1998
| data12 = '''Trial of Lim Guan Eng'''; opposition parliamentarian convicted for sedition and publishing false information related to accusations against Abdul Rahim Thamby Chik of statutory rape.
| label13 = Sep 1998
| data13 = '''Nipah virus outbreak'''; 105 people were killed during an outbreak of the Nipah virus in Perak, Negeri Sembilan, and Selangor.
| label14 = 02 Sep 1998
| data14 = Anwar Ibrahim is sacked from all ministerial positions.
| label15 = 03 Sep 1998
| data15 = Anwar is expelled from UMNO. Close associates of Anwar were arrested.
| label16 = 08 Sep 1998
| data16 = ''Reformasi'' begins.
| label17 = 20 Sep 1998
| data17 = Anwar formally arrested.
| label18 = 27 Sep 1998
| data18 = Political activists closely linked to Anwar were arrested.
| label19 = 29 Sep 1998
| data19 = '''Trial of Anwar Ibrahim'''; Anwar pleaded innocent to charges of corruption and sodomy in court.
| label20 =
| data20 = |-
| label21 =
| data21 = |-
| label22 =
| data22 = |-
| label24 =
| data24 = |-
| label25 =
| data25 = |-
| label26 =
| data26 = |-
| label27 =
| data27 = |-
| label29 =
| data29 = |-
| label30 =
| data30 = |-
| label31 =
| data31 = |-
| header1 = Timeline of Reformasi
}}

<references group="nb" />
{{Infobox
| bodyclass = collapsible {{#ifeq:{{{state|}}}|collapsed|collapsed}} navbox
| bodystyle = width:28em
| labelstyle = min-width: width:33%; background:#ddf;
| label2 = 02 Jul 1997
| data2 = '''Asian financial crisis'''; the Malaysian economy suffers its worse downturn in history as it enters a recession for the first time since 1985. It would not recover until 1999.
| label3 = 5 Sep 1997
| data3 = '''1997 UMNO general assembly'''; Anwar accused of adultery and fostering children under a signed document distributed among party members.
| label4 = 08 Jan 1998
| data4 = Formation of the National Economic Action Council (NEAC).
| label5 = May 1998
| data5 = ''50 Dalil'' by Khalid Jefri is published and distributed in the UMNO general assembly the subsequent month.
| label6 = 18 June 1998
| data6 = '''1998 UMNO Youth Wing general assembly'''; UMNO Youth Wing leader Ahmad Zahid Hamidi attacks Mahathir for allowing ''KKN'' to exist in the government.
| label7 = 20 June 1998
| data7 = '''1998 UMNO general assembly'''; Mahathir releases lists of benefits received by pro-Anwar politicians from nepotistic practices.
| label8 = 24 June 1998
| data8 = Daim Zainuddin is re-introduced into the cabinet as a financial advisor.
| label9 = July 1998
| data9 = Director of TV3 resigns.
| label10 = July 1998
| data10 = Head editors of Berita Harian and Utusan Malaysia resigns.
| label11 = 29 August 1998
| data11 = Central bank governor Ahmad Mohamad Don resigns.
| label12 = 1 September 1998
| data12 = Mahathir institutes capital control policies.
| label13 = 2 September 1998
| data13 = Anwar Ibrahim fired from cabinet.
| label14 = Sep 1998
| data14 = '''Nipah virus outbreak'''; 105 people were killed during an outbreak of the Nipah virus in Perak, Negeri Sembilan, and Selangor.
| label15 = 02 Sep 1998
| data15 = Anwar Ibrahim is sacked from all ministerial positions.
| label16 = 03 Sep 1998
| data16 = Anwar is expelled from UMNO. Close associates of Anwar were arrested.
| header1 = Timeline of power struggles between Mahathir Mohamad and Anwar Ibrahim
}}

Template:Infobox/doc

2023-09-09T08:06:21Z

Tjmj: /* Examples */ Suppress Category:Pages using infobox templates with ignored data cells

{{Documentation subpage}}

{{distinguish|Template:Userbox}}
{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox||{{High-use}}}}
{{Lua|Module:Infobox}}
{{Parameter names example
|name={{PAGENAME}}  |title |above |subheader |subheader1 |subheader2={{{subheader2}}} ......
|image|caption |image1|caption1 |image2|caption2={{{caption2}}} ......
|header1=<div style="border-top:1px dashed #ccc;">{{{header1}}} {{nobold|( ''or'' )}}</div>
|label2={{{label1}}} |data2={{{data1}}}
|data3=( ''or'' ) |data4=<div style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px dashed #ccc;">{{{data1}}}</div>
|header5={{{header2}}} <div style="padding:0.75em 0 0.5em;">{{nobold|( ''or'' )}}</div>
|label6={{{label2}}} |data6={{{data2}}}
|data7=( ''or'' ) |data8=<div style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px dashed #ccc;">{{{data2}}}</div>
|data9=<div style="padding:0.75em 0 0.5em;">( ''etc'' )</div>
|below
}}

This template is intended as a meta template: a template used for constructing other templates. '''Note''': In general, it is not meant for use directly in an article, but can be used on a one-off basis if required. [[Help:Infobox]] contains an introduction about the recommended content and design of infoboxes; [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes]] contains additional style guidelines. See [[WP:List of infoboxes]] and [[:Category:Infobox templates]] for lists of prepared topic-specific infoboxes.

== Usage ==
{{tlf|Infobox}} is a meta-template: used to organise an actual <nowiki>{{Infobox sometopic}}</nowiki> template (like {{tl|Infobox building}}).

For <code><nowiki>[[Template:Infobox sometopic]]</nowiki></code>, template code then looks like this, simplified:
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
{{Infobox
| name = {{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}
| image = {{{image|}}}
| caption1 = {{{caption|}}}

| label1 = Former names
| data1 = {{{former_names|}}}

| header2 = General information

| label3 = Status
| data3 = {{{status|}}}
... 
}}
</syntaxhighlight>

== Optional control parameters ==
; name : If this parameter is present, "view/talk/edit" links will be added to the bottom of the infobox pointing to the named page, prefixed by <code>Template:</code> if no namespace is specified. You may use the value <nowiki>{{subst:PAGENAME}}</nowiki>; however, this is rarely what you want because it will send users clicking these links in an infobox to the template code rather than the data in the infobox they probably want to change.
; child : See the [[#Embedding|Embedding]] section for details. If this is set to "yes", this child infobox should be titled but have no name parameter. This parameter is empty by default, set it to "yes" to activate it.
; subbox : See the [[#Subboxes|Subboxes]] section for details. If this is set to "yes", this subbox should be titled but have no name parameter. This parameter is empty by default, set to "yes" to activate it. It has no effect if the '''child''' parameter is also set to "yes".
; decat : If this is set to "yes", the current page will not be autocategorized in a maintenance category when the generated infobox has some problems or no visible data section. Leave empty by default or set to "yes" to activate it.
; autoheaders: If this is set to any non-blank value, headers which are not followed by data fields are suppressed. See the "[[#Hiding headers when all its data fields are empty|hiding headers when all its data fields are empty]]" section for more details.

== Content parameters ==

=== Title ===
There are two different ways to put a title on an infobox. One contains the title inside the infobox's border in the uppermost cell of the table, the other puts it as a caption on top of the table. You can use them both together, or just one or the other, or neither (though this is not recommended):

; title : Text to put in the caption over the top of the table (or as section header before the whole content of this table, if this is a child infobox). For [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility#Tables|accessibility reasons]], this is the most recommended alternative.
; above : Text to put within the uppermost cell of the table.
; subheader(n) : additional title fields which fit below {{{title}}} and {{{above}}}, but before images.

Examples:

{{Infobox
| name = Infobox/doc
| title = Text in caption over infobox
| subheader = Subheader of the infobox
| header = (the rest of the infobox goes here)
}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto">
{{Infobox
| name = {{subst:PAGENAME}}
| title = Text in caption over infobox
| subheader = Subheader of the infobox
| header = (the rest of the infobox goes here)
}}
</syntaxhighlight>{{clear}}

{{Infobox
| name = Infobox/doc
| above = Text in uppermost cell of infobox
| subheader = Subheader of the infobox
| subheader2 = Second subheader of the infobox
| header = (the rest of the infobox goes here)
}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto">
{{Infobox
| name = {{subst:PAGENAME}}
| above = Text in uppermost cell of infobox
| subheader = Subheader of the infobox
| subheader2 = Second subheader of the infobox
| header = (the rest of the infobox goes here)
}}
</syntaxhighlight>{{clear}}

=== Illustration images ===
; image(n) : images to display at the top of the template. Use full image syntax, for example <nowiki>[[File:example.png|200px|alt=Example alt text]]</nowiki>. Image is centered by default. See [[WP:ALT]] for more on alt text.
; caption(n) : Text to put underneath the images.

=== Main data ===
; header(n) : Text to use as a header in row n.
; label(n) : Text to use as a label in row n.
; data(n) : Text to display as data in row n.

Note: for any given value for (n), not all combinations of parameters are permitted. The presence of a {{para|header''(n)''}} will cause the corresponding {{para|data''(n)''}} (and {{para|rowclass''(n)''}} {{para|label''(n)''}}, see below) to be ignored; the absence of a {{para|data''(n)''}} will cause the corresponding {{para|label''(n)''}} to be ignored. Valid combinations for any single row are:

* {{para|class''(n)''}} {{para|header''(n)''}}
* {{para|rowclass''(n)''}} {{para|class''(n)''}} {{para|data''(n)''}}
* {{para|rowclass''(n)''}} {{para|label''(n)''}} {{para|class''(n)''}} {{para|data''(n)''}}

See the rendering of header4, label4, and data4 in the [[#Examples|Examples]] section below.

==== Number ranges ====
To allow flexibility when the layout of an infobox is changed, it may be helpful when developing an infobox to use non-contiguous numbers for header and label/data rows. Parameters for new rows can then be inserted in future without having to renumber existing parameters. For example:

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto">
| header3 = Section 1
| label5 = Label A
| data5 = Data A
| label7 = Label C
| data7 = Data C
| header10 = Section 2
| label12 = Label D
| data12 = Data D
</syntaxhighlight>{{clear}}

It is also possible to automatically renumber parameter names by using [[User:Frietjes/infoboxgap.js]] or [[Module:IncrementParams]].

There is no upper limit on numbers but there must be at most 50 between each used number.

==== Making data fields optional ====
A row with a label but no data is not displayed. This allows for the easy creation of optional infobox content rows. To make a row optional use a parameter that defaults to an empty string, like so:

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto">
| label5 = Population
| data5 = {{{population|}}}
</syntaxhighlight>{{clear}}

This way if an article doesn't define the population parameter in its infobox the row won't be displayed.

For more complex fields with pre-formatted contents that would still be present even if the parameter wasn't set, you can wrap it all in an "#if" statement to make the whole thing vanish when the parameter is not used. For instance, the "#if" statement in the following example reads "#if:the parameter ''mass'' has been supplied |then display it, followed by 'kg'":

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto">
| label6 = Mass
| data6 = {{ #if: {{{mass|}}} | {{{mass}}} kg }}
</syntaxhighlight>{{clear}}

For more on #if, see [[meta:ParserFunctions##if:|here]].

==== Hiding headers when all its data fields are empty ====
You can also make headers automatically hide when their section is empty (has no data-row showing).

Consider this situation:
{{Infobox
| title = Example: header with & without data
| headerstyle = background:lightgrey

| header1 = Header1 with empty section
| label2 = label2 text | data2 =
| label3 = label3 text | data3 =
| label4 = label4 text | data4 =

| header5 = Header5 with data below
| label6 = label6 text | data6 = Some value
}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto">
{{Infobox
| title = Example: header with & without data
| headerstyle = background:lightgrey

| header1 = Header1 with empty section
| label2 = label2 text | data2 =
| label3 = label3 text | data3 =
| label4 = label4 text | data4 =

| header5 = Header5 with data below
| label6 = label6 text | data6 = Some value
}}
</syntaxhighlight>{{clear}}

If you want hide the header when no {{para|data''N''}} values are present, use '''{{para|autoheaders|y}}''':

{{Infobox
| title = Example: header with & without data
| autoheaders = y
| headerstyle = background:lightgrey

| header1 = Header1 with empty section
| label2 = label2 text | data2 =
| label3 = label3 text | data3 =
| label4 = label4 text | data4 =

| header5 = Header5 with data below
| label6 = label6 text | data6 = Some value
}}

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto">
{{Infobox
| title = Example: header with & without data
| autoheaders = y
| headerstyle = background:lightgrey

| header1 = Header1 with empty section
| label2 = label2 text | data2 =
| label3 = label3 text | data3 =
| label4 = label4 text | data4 =

| header5 = Header5 with data below
| label6 = label6 text | data6 = Some value
}}
</syntaxhighlight>{{clear}}

So, header1 will be shown if any of item1, item2, or item3 is defined. If none of the three parameters are defined the header won't be shown and no empty row appears before the next visible content.

Note: if the data has empty css elements, like {{para|data|2=}}, this will be treated as non-empty (having data).

If {{para|autoheaders|y}} but there are items that you ''do not'' want to trigger a header, place {{para|headerX|_BLANK_}}. This will serve as an empty header and separate it from the subsequent items.

{{Infobox
| title = Example: blank header with & without data
| autoheaders = y
| headerstyle = background:lightgrey

| header1 = Header1 with empty section
| label2 = label2 text | data2 =
| label3 = label3 text | data3 =
| label4 = label4 text | data4 =

| header5 = _BLANK_
| label6 = label6 text | data6 = Some value, but does not trigger header1 or show header5
}}

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto">
{{Infobox
| title = Example: header with & without data
| autoheaders = y
| headerstyle = background:lightgrey

| header1 = Header1 with empty section
| label2 = label2 text | data2 =
| label3 = label3 text | data3 =
| label4 = label4 text | data4 =

| header5 = _BLANK_
| label6 = label6 text | data6 = Some value, but does not trigger header1 or show header5
}}
</syntaxhighlight>{{clear}}

=== Footer ===
; below : Text to put in the bottom cell. The bottom cell is intended for footnotes, see-also, and other such information.

== Presentation parameters ==

=== Italic titles ===
Titles of articles with infoboxes may be made italic, in line with [[WP:ITALICTITLE]], by passing the <code>italic title</code> parameter.

* Turn on italic titles by passing {{para|italic title|<nowiki>{{{italic title|}}}</nowiki>}} from the infobox.
* Turn off by default (notably because only Latin script may be safely rendered in this style and italic may be needed to distinguish foreign language from local English language only in that script, but would be difficult to read for other scripts) but allow some instances to be made italic by passing {{para|italic title|<nowiki>{{{italic title|no}}}</nowiki>}}
* Do not make any titles italic by not passing the parameter at all.

=== CSS styling ===
{{div col}}
; bodystyle : Applies to the infobox table as a whole
; titlestyle : Applies only to the title caption. Adding a background color is usually inadvisable since the text is rendered "outside" the infobox.
; abovestyle : Applies only to the "above" cell at the top. The default style has font-size:125%; since this cell is usually used for a title, if you want to use the above cell for regular-sized text include "font-size:100%;" in the abovestyle.
; imagestyle : Applies to the cell the image is in. This includes the text of the image caption, but you should set text properties with captionstyle instead of imagestyle in case the caption is moved out of this cell in the future.
; captionstyle : Applies to the text of the image caption.
; rowstyle(n) : This parameter is inserted into the <code>style</code> attribute for the specified row.
; headerstyle : Applies to all header cells
; subheaderstyle : Applies to all subheader cells
; labelstyle : Applies to all label cells
; datastyle : Applies to all data cells
; belowstyle : Applies only to the below cell
{{div col end}}

=== HTML classes and microformats ===
{{div col}}
; bodyclass : This parameter is inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the infobox as a whole.
; titleclass : This parameter is inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the infobox's '''title''' caption.

; aboveclass : This parameter is inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the infobox's '''above''' cell.
; subheaderrowclass(n) : This parameter is inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the complete table row the '''subheader''' is on.
; subheaderclass(n) : This parameter is inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the infobox's '''subheader'''.
; imagerowclass(n) : These parameters are inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the complete table row their respective '''image''' is on.
; imageclass : This parameter is inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the '''image'''.
; rowclass(n) : This parameter is inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the specified row including the '''label''' and '''data''' cells.
; class(n) : This parameter is inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the '''data''' cell of the specified row. If there's no '''data''' cell it has no effect.

; belowclass : This parameter is inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the infobox's '''below''' cell.
{{div col end}}

This template supports the addition of microformat information. This is done by adding "class" attributes to various data cells, indicating what kind of information is contained within. Multiple class names may be specified, separated by spaces, some of them being used as selectors for custom styling according to a project policy or to the skin selected in user preferences, others being used for microformats.

To flag an infobox as containing [[hCard]] information, for example, add the following parameter:

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto">
| bodyclass = vcard
</syntaxhighlight>{{clear}}

And for each row containing a data cell that's part of the vcard, add a corresponding class parameter:

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto">
| class1 = fn
| class2 = org
| class3 = tel
</syntaxhighlight>{{clear}}

...and so forth. "above" and "title" can also be given classes, since these are usually used to display the name of the subject of the infobox.

See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats]] for more information on adding microformat information to Wikipedia, and [[microformat]] for more information on microformats in general.

== Examples ==
Notice how the row doesn't appear in the displayed infobox when a '''label''' is defined without an accompanying '''data''' cell, and how all of them are displayed when a '''header''' is defined on the same row as a '''data''' cell. Also notice that '''subheaders''' are not bold by default like the '''headers''' used to split the main data section, because this role is meant to be for the '''above''' cell :
{{Suppress categories|
{{Infobox
|name = Infobox/doc
|bodystyle =

|titlestyle =
|abovestyle = background:#cfc;
|subheaderstyle =
|title = Test Infobox
|above = Above text
|subheader = Subheader above image
|subheader2 = Second subheader

|imagestyle =
|captionstyle =
|image = [[File:Example-serious.jpg|200px|alt=Example alt text]]
|caption = Caption displayed below File:Example-serious.jpg

|headerstyle = background:#ccf;
|labelstyle = background:#ddf;
|datastyle =

|header1 = Header defined alone
| label1 =
| data1 =
|header2 =
| label2 = Label defined alone does not display (needs data, or is suppressed)
| data2 =
|header3 =
| label3 =
| data3 = Data defined alone
|header4 = All three defined (header, label, data, all with same number)
| label4 = does not display (same number as a header)
| data4 = does not display (same number as a header)
|header5 =
| label5 = Label and data defined (label)
| data5 = Label and data defined (data)

|belowstyle = background:#ddf;
|below = Below text
}}
}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
{{Infobox
|name = Infobox/doc
|bodystyle =

|titlestyle =
|abovestyle = background:#cfc;
|subheaderstyle =
|title = Test Infobox
|above = Above text
|subheader = Subheader above image
|subheader2 = Second subheader

|imagestyle =
|captionstyle =
|image = [[File:Example-serious.jpg|200px|alt=Example alt text]]
|caption = Caption displayed below File:Example-serious.jpg

|headerstyle = background:#ccf;
|labelstyle = background:#ddf;
|datastyle =

|header1 = Header defined alone
| label1 =
| data1 =
|header2 =
| label2 = Label defined alone does not display (needs data, or is suppressed)
| data2 =
|header3 =
| label3 =
| data3 = Data defined alone
|header4 = All three defined (header, label, data, all with same number)
| label4 = does not display (same number as a header)
| data4 = does not display (same number as a header)
|header5 =
| label5 = Label and data defined (label)
| data5 = Label and data defined (data)

|belowstyle = background:#ddf;
|below = Below text
}}
</syntaxhighlight>
For this example, the {{para|bodystyle}} and {{para|labelstyle}} parameters are used to adjust the infobox width and define a default width for the column of labels:

{{Infobox
|name = Infobox/doc
|bodystyle = width:20em

|titlestyle =
|title = Test Infobox

|headerstyle =
|labelstyle = width:33%
|datastyle =

|header1 =
| label1 = Label 1
| data1 = Data 1
|header2 =
| label2 = Label 2
| data2 = Data 2
|header3 =
| label3 = Label 3
| data3 = Data 3
|header4 = Header 4
| label4 =
| data4 =
|header5 =
| label5 = Label 5
| data5 = Data 5: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.

|belowstyle =
|below = Below text
}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
{{Infobox
|name = Infobox/doc
|bodystyle = width:20em

|titlestyle =
|title = Test Infobox

|headerstyle =
|labelstyle = width:33%
|datastyle =

|header1 =
| label1 = Label 1
| data1 = Data 1
|header2 =
| label2 = Label 2
| data2 = Data 2
|header3 =
| label3 = Label 3
| data3 = Data 3
|header4 = Header 4
| label4 =
| data4 =
|header5 =
| label5 = Label 5
| data5 = Data 5: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.

|belowstyle =
|below = Below text
}}

</syntaxhighlight>

== Embedding ==

One infobox template can be embedded into another using the {{para|child}} parameter. This feature can be used to create a modular infobox, or to create better-defined logical sections. Long ago, it was necessary to use embedding in order to create infoboxes with more than 99 rows; but nowadays there's no limit to the number of rows that can be defined in a single instance of <code><nowiki>{{infobox}}</nowiki></code>.

{{Infobox
| title = Top level title
| data1 = {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| title = First subsection
| label1= Label 1.1
| data1 = Data 1.1
}}
| data2 = {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
|title = Second subsection
| label1= Label 2.1
| data1 = Data 2.1
}}
| belowstyle =
| below = Below text
}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto">
{{Infobox
| title = Top level title
| data1 = {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| title = First subsection
| label1= Label 1.1
| data1 = Data 1.1
}}
| data2 = {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
|title = Second subsection
| label1= Label 2.1
| data1 = Data 2.1
}}
| belowstyle =
| below = Below text
}}
</syntaxhighlight>{{clear}}

Note, in the examples above, the child infobox is placed in a <code>data</code> field, not a <code>header</code> field. Notice that the section subheadings are not in bold font if bolding is not explicitly specified. To obtain bold section headings, place the child infobox in a '''header''' field (but not in a '''label''' field because it would not be displayed!), either using

{{Infobox
| title = Top level title
| header1 = {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| title = First subsection
| label1= Label 1.1
| data1 = Data 1.1
}}
| header2 = {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| title = Second subsection
| label1= Label 2.1
| data1 = Data 2.1
}}
| belowstyle =
| below = Below text
}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto">
{{Infobox
| title = Top level title
| header1 = {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| title = First subsection
| label1= Label 1.1
| data1 = Data 1.1
}}
| header2 = {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| title = Second subsection
| label1= Label 2.1
| data1 = Data 2.1
}}
| belowstyle =
| below = Below text
}}
</syntaxhighlight>{{clear}}

or,

{{Infobox
| title = Top level title
| header1 = First subsection
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1 = Label 1.1
| data1 = Data 1.1
}}
| header2 = Second subsection
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1 = Label 2.1
| data1 = Data 2.1
}}
| belowstyle =
| below = Below text
}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto">
{{Infobox
| title = Top level title
| header1 = First subsection
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1 = Label 1.1
| data1 = Data 1.1
}}
| header2 = Second subsection
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1 = Label 2.1
| data1 = Data 2.1
}}
| belowstyle =
| below = Below text
}}
</syntaxhighlight>{{clear}}

Note that omitting the {{para|title}} parameter, and not including any text preceding the embedded infobox, may result in spurious blank table rows, creating gaps in the visual presentation. The garbage output can be suppressed using {{para|rowstyleN|display: none}}, replacing N with the data/header number.

[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Infoboxes/embed]] includes some links to Wikipedia articles which include infoboxes embedded within other infoboxes.

== Subboxes ==
An alternative method for embedding is to use {{para|subbox|yes}}, which removes the outer border from the infobox, but preserves the interior structure. One feature of this approach is that the parent and child boxes need not have the same structure, and the label and data fields are not aligned between the parent and child boxes because they are not in the same parent table.

{{Infobox
| headerstyle = background-color:#eee;
| labelstyle = background-color:#eee;
| header1 = Main 1
| header2 = Main 2
| data3 = {{Infobox | subbox = yes
| headerstyle = background-color:#ccc;
| labelstyle = background-color:#ddd;
| header1 = Sub 3-1
| header2 = Sub 3-2
| label3 = Label 3-3 | data3 = Data 3-3
}}
| data4 = {{Infobox | subbox = yes
| labelstyle = background-color:#ccc;
| label1 = Label 4-1 | data1 = Data 4-1
}}
| label5 = Label 5 | data5 = Data 5
| header6 = Main 6
}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto">
{{Infobox
| headerstyle = background-color:#eee;
| labelstyle = background-color:#eee;
| header1 = Main 1
| header2 = Main 2
| data3 = {{Infobox | subbox = yes
| headerstyle = background-color:#ccc;
| labelstyle = background-color:#ddd;
| header1 = Sub 3-1
| header2 = Sub 3-2
| label3 = Label 3-3 | data3 = Data 3-3
}}
| data4 = {{Infobox | subbox = yes
| labelstyle = background-color:#ccc;
| label1 = Label 4-1 | data1 = Data 4-1
}}
| label5 = Label 5 | data5 = Data 5
| header6 = Main 6
}}
</syntaxhighlight>{{clear}}

Similar embedding techniques may be used within content parameters of some other templates generating tables (such as [[:Template:Sidebar|Sidebar]]) :

{{Sidebar
| navbar = off
| headingstyle = background-color:#eee;
| heading1 = Heading 1
| heading2 = Heading 2
| content3 = {{Infobox | subbox = yes
| headerstyle = background-color:#ccc;
| labelstyle = background-color:#ddd;
| header1 = Sub 3-1
| header2 = Sub 3-2
| label3 = Label 3-3 | data3 = Data 3-3
}}
| content4 = {{Infobox | subbox = yes
| labelstyle = background-color:#ccc;
| label1 = Label 4-1 | data1 = Data 4-1
}}
| heading5 = Heading 5
}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto">
{{Sidebar
| navbar = off
| headingstyle = background-color:#eee;
| heading1 = Heading 1
| heading2 = Heading 2
| content3 = {{Infobox | subbox = yes
| headerstyle = background-color:#ccc;
| labelstyle = background-color:#ddd;
| header1 = Sub 3-1
| header2 = Sub 3-2
| label3 = Label 3-3 | data3 = Data 3-3
}}
| content4 = {{Infobox | subbox = yes
| labelstyle = background-color:#ccc;
| label1 = Label 4-1 | data1 = Data 4-1
}}
| heading5 = Heading 5
}}
</syntaxhighlight>{{clear}}

Note that the default padding of the parent data cell containing each subbox is still visible, so the subboxes are slightly narrower than the parent box and there's a higher vertical spacing between standard cells of the parent box than between cells of distinct subboxes.

== Controlling line-breaking in embedded bulletless lists ==
Template {{tlx|nbsp}} may be used with {{tlx|wbr}} and {{tlx|nowrap}} to control line-breaking in bulletless lists embedded in infoboxes (e.g. cast list in {{tlx|Infobox film}}), to prevent wrapped long entries from being confused with multiple entries. See [[Template:Wbr/doc#Controlling line-breaking in infoboxes]] for details.

== Full blank syntax ==
(Note: there is no limit to the number of possible rows; only 20 are given below since infoboxes larger than that will be relatively rare. Just extend the numbering as needed. The microformat "class" parameters are also omitted as they are not commonly used.)

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto">
{{Infobox
| name = {{subst:PAGENAME}}
| child = {{{child|}}}
| subbox = {{{subbox|}}}
| italic title = {{{italic title|no}}}
| templatestyles =
| child templatestyles =
| grandchild templatestyles =
| bodystyle =

| titlestyle =
| abovestyle =
| subheaderstyle =
| title =
| above =
| subheader =

| imagestyle =
| captionstyle =
| image =
| caption =
| image2 =
| caption2 =

| headerstyle =
| labelstyle =
| datastyle =
| header1 =
| label1 =
| data1 =
| header2 =
| label2 =
| data2 =
| header3 =
| label3 =
| data3 =
| header4 =
| label4 =
| data4 =
| header5 =
| label5 =
| data5 =
| header6 =
| label6 =
| data6 =
| header7 =
| label7 =
| data7 =
| header8 =
| label8 =
| data8 =
| header9 =
| label9 =
| data9 =
| header10 =
| label10 =
| data10 =
| header11 =
| label11 =
| data11 =
| header12 =
| label12 =
| data12 =
| header13 =
| label13 =
| data13 =
| header14 =
| label14 =
| data14 =
| header15 =
| label15 =
| data15 =
| header16 =
| label16 =
| data16 =
| header17 =
| label17 =
| data17 =
| header18 =
| label18 =
| data18 =
| header19 =
| label19 =
| data19 =
| header20 =
| label20 =
| data20 =

| belowstyle =
| below =
}}
</syntaxhighlight>{{clear}}
{{Help:Infobox/user style}}

== Porting to other MediaWikis ==
The infobox template requires the [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] and [[:mw:Extension:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] extensions. [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Transwiki|WikiProject Transwiki]] has a version of this template that has been modified to work on other MediaWikis.

== TemplateData ==
{{TemplateData header}}
<templatedata>
{
"description": "This template is intended as a meta template, a template used for constructing other templates. In general, it is not meant for use directly in an article but can be used on a one-off basis if required.",
"format": "{{_\n| ________________ = _\n}}\n",
"params": {
"title": {
"label": "Title",
"description": "Title displayed above the infobox",
"type": "string",
"suggested": true
},
"image": {
"label": "Image",
"description": "Image illustrating the topic. Use full image syntax.",
"type": "content",
"suggested": true,
"example": "[[File:example.png|200px|alt=Example alt text]]"
},
"caption": {
"label": "Caption",
"description": "caption for the image",
"type": "content",
"suggested": true
}
},
"paramOrder": [
"title",
"image",
"caption"
]
}
</templatedata>

==Tracking categories==
* {{Category link with count|Articles with missing Wikidata information}}
* {{Category link with count|Articles using infobox templates with no data rows}}
* {{Category link with count|Pages using embedded infobox templates with the title parameter}}

==See also==
* [[Module:Infobox]], the [[WP:LUA|Lua]] module on which this template is based
* [[Module:Check for unknown parameters]]
* {{tl|Infobox3cols}}
* {{tl|Navbox}} and {{tl|Sidebar}}
* [[Wikipedia:List of infoboxes|List of infoboxes]]
* [[:Module:InfoboxImage]]

<includeonly>{{Sandbox other||

[[Category:Infobox templates| ]]
[[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates|Infobox]]
[[Category:Templates generating microformats]]
[[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]]
[[Category:Templates based on the Infobox Lua module]]

}}</includeonly>

Template:Infobox cryptocurrency

2023-09-09T08:03:13Z

Tjmj: Clear Category:Pages using infobox templates with ignored data cells

<includeonly>{{#if:{{Has short description}}||{{short description|Cryptocurrency}}}}</includeonly>
{{infobox

| abovestyle = background-color: silver;
| title = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{{currency_name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}
| autoheaders = yes

| imagestyle = {{#switch:{{#if:{{{image_1|}}}|1}}{{#if:{{{image_2|}}}|2}}
| 1 = {{#if:{{{image_background_1|}}} | background: {{{image_background_1}}}}}
| 2 = {{#if:{{{image_background_2|}}} | background: {{{image_background_2}}}}}
| 12 = padding: 0.3em 0.6em 0.3em 0.6em
}}
| image = {{#switch:{{#if:{{{image_1|}}}|1}}{{#if:{{{image_2|}}}|2}}
| 1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_1}}}|size={{{image_width_1|}}}|sizedefault=252px|alt={{{alt1|}}}}}
| 2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_2}}}|size={{{image_width_2|}}}|sizedefault=252px|alt={{{alt2|}}}}}
| 12 = <table style="margin:0 auto; background: none"><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;{{#if:{{{image_background_1|}}} | background: {{{image_background_1}}}}}">{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_1}}}|size={{{image_width_1|}}}|sizedefault=126px|alt={{{alt1|}}}}}</td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;{{#if:{{{image_background_2|}}} | background: {{{image_background_2}}}}}">{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_2}}}|size={{{image_width_2|}}}|sizedefault=126px|alt={{{alt2|}}}}}</td>
</tr><tr><td style="text-align: center">{{{image_title_1|}}}</td><td style="text-align: center">{{{image_title_2|}}}</td>
</tr></table>
}}
| caption = {{#switch:{{#if:{{{image_1|}}}|1}}{{#if:{{{image_2|}}}|2}}
| 1 = {{{image_title_1|}}}
| 2 = {{{image_title_2|}}}
}}

|headerstyle = background-color: silver

|header1 = Denominations

| label2 = Plural
| data2 = {{{plural|}}}

| label3 = [[Currency symbol|Symbol]]
| data3 = {{{symbol|}}}

| label4 = Code
| data4 = {{{code|{{{ticker_symbol|}}}}}}

| label5 = Nickname
| data5 = {{{nickname|}}}

| label6 = Previous names
| data6 = {{{previous_names|}}}

| label7 = Precision
| data7 = {{{precision|}}}

| label8 = Superunits
| data8 = {{#if:{{{superunit_ratio_1|}}}{{{superunit_ratio_2|}}}{{{superunit_ratio_3|}}}{{{superunit_ratio_4|}}}{{{superunit_ratio_5|}}}|<nowiki />}}

| label9 = {{nobold|&ensp;{{{superunit_ratio_1}}}}}
| data9 = {{{superunit_name_1|}}}

| label10 = {{nobold|&ensp;{{{superunit_ratio_2}}}}}
| data10 = {{{superunit_name_2|}}}

| label11 = {{nobold|&ensp;{{{superunit_ratio_3}}}}}
| data11 = {{{superunit_name_3|}}}

| label12 = {{nobold|&ensp;{{{superunit_ratio_4}}}}}
| data12 = {{{superunit_name_4|}}}

| label13 = {{nobold|&ensp;{{{superunit_ratio_5}}}}}
| data13 = {{{superunit_name_5|}}}

| label14 = Subunits
| data14 = {{#if:{{{subunit_ratio_1|}}}{{{subunit_ratio_2|}}}{{{subunit_ratio_3|}}}{{{subunit_ratio_4|}}}{{{subunit_ratio_5|}}}|<nowiki />}}

| label15 = {{nobold|&ensp;{{{subunit_ratio_1}}}}}
| data15 = {{{subunit_name_1|}}}

| label16 = {{nobold|&ensp;{{{subunit_ratio_2}}}}}
| data16 = {{{subunit_name_2|}}}

| label17 = {{nobold|&ensp;{{{subunit_ratio_3}}}}}
| data17 = {{{subunit_name_3|}}}

| label18 = {{nobold|&ensp;{{{subunit_ratio_4}}}}}
| data18 = {{{subunit_name_4|}}}

| label19 = {{nobold|&ensp;{{{subunit_ratio_5}}}}}
| data19 = {{{subunit_name_5|}}}

|header21 = Development

| label22 = Original author(s)
| data22 = {{{author|}}} 

| label23 = [[White paper]]
| data23 = {{{white_paper|}}}

| label24 = Implementation(s)
| data24 = {{{implementations|}}}

| label25 = Initial release
| data25 = {{{initial_release_version|}}} {{#if:{{{initial_release_version|}}}|/}} {{{initial_release_date|}}} 

| label26 = [[Software release life cycle|Latest release]]
| data26 = {{{latest_release_version|}}} {{#if:{{{latest_release_version|}}}|/}} {{{latest_release_date|}}} 

| label27 = [[Repository (version control)|Code repository]]
| data27 = {{{code_repository|}}}

| label28 = Development status
| data28 = {{{status|}}} 

| label29 = [[Fork (software development)|Project fork of]]
| data29 = {{{forked_from|{{{project_fork_of|}}}}}}

| label30 = [[Programming language|Written in]]
| data30 = {{{programming_languages|}}} 

| label31 = [[Operating system]]
| data31 = {{{operating_system|}}} 

| label32 = [[Software developer|Developer(s)]]
| data32 = {{{developer|}}} 

| label33 = Source model
| data33 = {{{source_model|}}}

| label34 = [[Software license|License]]
| data34 = {{{license|}}}

|header35 = Ledger

| label36 = {{#if:{{{ledger_start_title|}}}|{{{ledger_start_title}}}|Ledger start}}
| data36 = {{{ledger_start|}}}

| label37 = {{{ledger_start_title_2|}}}
| data37 = {{{ledger_start_2|}}}

| label38 = {{{ledger_start_title_3|}}}
| data38 = {{{ledger_start_3|}}}

| label39 = {{{ledger_start_title_4|}}}
| data39 = {{{ledger_start_4|}}}

| label40 = {{{ledger_start_title_5|}}}
| data40 = {{{ledger_start_5|}}}

| label41 = Split {{#if:{{{split_height|}}}|height|date}}
| data41 = {{#if:{{{split_height|}}}|<nowiki>#</nowiki>}}{{{split_height|}}} {{#if:{{{split_height|}}}|/}} {{{split_date|}}}

| label42 = Split from
| data42 = {{{split_from|}}}

| label43 = Split ratio
| data43 = {{{split_ratio|}}}

| label44 = [[Trusted timestamping|Timestamping scheme]]
| data44 = {{{timestamping|}}}

| label45 = Merged mining parent
| data45 = {{{merged_mining_parent|}}}

| label46 = [[Hash function]]
| data46 = {{{hash_function|}}}

| label47 = {{#if:{{{issuing_authority_title|}}}|{{{issuing_authority_title}}}|Issuance schedule}}
| data47 = {{{issuance|{{{issuance_schedule|}}}}}}

| label48 = Block reward
| data48 = {{{block_reward|}}}

| label49 = Block time
| data49 = {{{block_time|}}}

| label50 = Block explorer
| data50 = {{{block_explorer|}}}

| label51 = Circulating supply
| data51 = {{{circulating_supply|}}}

| label52 = Supply limit
| data52 = {{{supply_limit|}}}

|header53 = Valuation

| label54 = [[Exchange rate]]
| data54 = {{{exchange_rate|}}}

|header55 = Demographics

| label56 = Official user(s)
| data56 = {{{using_countries|}}}

|header57 = Administration

| label60 = Issuing authority
| data60 = {{{issuing_authority_title|}}} {{{issuing_authority|}}}

| label61 = Date of introduction
| data61 = {{{date_of_introduction|}}}

| label62 = Inflation_rate
| data62 = {{{inflation_rate|}}}

|header63 = Website

| label64 = Authority website
| data64 = {{{issuing_authority_website|}}}

| label65 = Website
| data65 = {{{website|}}}

| belowstyle=background:#eee
| below = {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}}|<div style="text-align:left;">{{{footnotes|}}}</div>}}
}}{{yesno|{{{catISO4217|yes}}}|yes={{main other|1=[[Category:Currencies without ISO 4217 code|Ω]]}}|no=}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude>

Template:Infobox OS

2023-09-09T07:59:49Z

Tjmj: Clear Category:Pages using infobox templates with ignored data cells

{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__|$B=
{{Infobox
| bodyclass = vevent
| bodystyle = {{{bodystyle|}}}
| title = {{#if:{{{title|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{title|{{{name|}}}}}}|<includeonly>{{PAGENAMEBASE}}</includeonly>}}
| titleclass = summary
| labelstyle = white-space: nowrap;
| subheader = {{#if:{{{version_of|{{{version of|}}}}}}|Version of the {{{version_of|{{{version of|}}}}}} operating system}}
| image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|size={{{logo_size|{{{logo size|}}}}}}|sizedefault=250px|alt={{{logo_alt|{{{logo alt|}}}}}}}}
| caption = {{{logo_caption|{{{logo caption|}}}}}}
| image2 = {{#if:{{{collapsible|}}}|{{hidden begin|title=Screenshot|titlestyle=text-align:center|contentstyle=text-align:center}}}}{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{screenshot|}}}|size={{{screenshot_size|}}}|sizedefault=300px|alt={{{screenshot_alt|}}}}}
| caption2 = {{{caption|}}}{{#if:{{{collapsible|}}}|{{hidden end}}}}
| label1 = {{longitem|Native name}}
| data1 = {{#if:{{{native_name|}}} | {{#if:{{{native_name_lang|}}} | {{lang|{{{native_name_lang}}}|{{{native_name}}} }} | {{{native_name}}} }} }}
| label2 = [[Programmer|Developer]]
| data2 = {{{developer|}}}
| label3 = [[programming language|Written in]]
| data3 = {{{programmed_in|{{{programmed in|{{{prog_language|{{{prog language|}}}}}}}}}}}}
| label4 = OS family
| data4 = {{{family|}}}
| label5 = Working state
| data5 = {{{working_state|{{{working state|}}}}}}
| label6 = Source model
| data6 = {{{source_model|{{{source model|}}}}}}
| label7 = Initial release
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History of foreign relations of China

2023-08-27T16:05:53Z

Tjmj: /* =Relaltions with United States */ fix typo

{{Short description|Foreign Relations of China}}
{{About|the foreign relations of China|the foreign relations of the Republic of China after 1949|Foreign relations of Taiwan}}

'''History of foreign relations of China''' covers diplomatic, military, political and economic relations in [[History of China]] from 1800 to the modern era. For the earlier period see [[Foreign relations of imperial China]], and for the current foreign relations of China see [[Foreign relations of China]].

During the period from 1800 to 1925, China's foreign policy was largely shaped by the country's efforts to resist Western [[imperialism]] and maintain its territorial integrity. Some of the key features of China's foreign relations in this period include:
* Unequal treaties: In the 19th century, China was forced to sign a series of unequal treaties with Great Britain, the U.S., France and other Western powers (and also Japan), which granted extraterritorial rights to foreigners and opened China's ports to foreign trade. China's foreign policy during this period was characterized by a desire to resist these treaties and regain control over its own affairs.
* Isolationism: China was largely isolated from the rest of the world during this period, with limited contact with other countries outside of its immediate neighbors. This was partly due to China's self-imposed isolationist policies, as well as the fact that Western powers had a major presence only in a few treaty ports such as Shanghai, China was engaged in several small wars with Britain, France and Japan.

China's foreign policy between 1925 and 1949 was marked by significant political upheaval and a shifting relationship with the outside world. Main points of China's foreign policy during this period:
* Anti-Imperialism: In the aftermath of the [[May Fourth Movement]] in 1919, China's foreign policy became increasingly focused on anti-imperialism and national liberation. The [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) under [[Mao Zedong]] and the [[Nationalist government]] under [[Chiang Kai-shek]] both sought to resist foreign domination and establish a unified, independent China. This led to the strengthening of nationalist sentiment and the rise of anti-foreign sentiment throughout the country.
* Resistance to Japanese Aggression: [[Second Sino-Japanese War|Japan's invasion of China in 1937]] marked a turning point in China's foreign policy. The CCP and the KMT resisted the Japanese.
* Alignment with the [[Soviet Union]]: Following Mao's establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, China's foreign policy became closely aligned with the Soviet Union and the Communist movement. The CCP saw the Soviet Union as a key ally in the struggle against imperialism and sought to model China's development after the Soviet Union's socialist system. This led to increased cooperation between the two countries in areas such as trade, military assistance, and ideological exchange.
Following 1949:
* China was close to the USSR at first, and fought a major war against the United States and South Korea (and the UN) in 1950–1953. However, by the 1960s China and the USSR were enemies and both were trying to build support worldwide/ while simultaneously supporting anti-colonial movements in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
* Diplomatic Recognition: China struggled for several decades to gain recognition from the international community. In 1971, the United Nations finally recognized recognized the PRC and expelled the Republic of China (Taiwan). Since then, China has established diplomatic relations with almost all countries in the world.
* Economic Reforms and Opening-up: In the late 1970s, China embarked on a program of economic reforms and opening-up. This led to increased engagement with the global economy and the development of China as a major economic power. China sought to increase trade and investment ties with other countries, and became an active member of international economic organizations such as the World Trade Organization.
* Assertiveness and Expansion: Since 2000, China has become more assertive in its foreign policy, as it seeks to expand its influence in the world. China has sought to strengthen its military presence in the South China Sea, expand its Belt and Road Initiative, and promote Chinese values and culture globally. This has led to tensions with India and the United States.

== Qing Dynasty ==
{{Main|History of the Qing dynasty}}
By the mid 19th century, Chinese stability had come under increasing threat from both domestic and international sources. Social unrest and serious revolts became more common while the regular army had was too weak to deal with foreign military forces. Chinese leaders increasingly feared the impact of Western ideas. John Fairbank argues that in 1840 to 1895 China's response to the worsening relations with Western nations came in four phases. China's military weakness was interpreted in the 1840s and 1850s as a need for Western arms. Very little was achieved in this regard until much later. In the 1860s there was a focus on acquiring Western technology—as Japan was doing very successfully at the same time, but China lagged far behind. The 1870s to 1890s were characterized with efforts to reform and revitalize the Chinese political system more broadly. There was steady moderate progress, but efforts to leap forward such as the [[Hundred Days' Reform]] in 1898 roused the conservatives who stamped out the effort and executed its leaders. There was a rise in [[Chinese nationalism]], as a sort of echo of Western nationalism, but that led to a quick defeat in war with Japan in 1895. An intense reaction against modernization set in at the grassroots level in the Boxer Rebellion of 1900.<ref>John King Fairbank, "China's Response to the West: Problems and Suggestions." ''Cahiers d'Histoire Mondiale. Journal of World History. Cuadernos de Historia Mundial'' 3.2 (1956): 381.</ref>

== Opium Wars ==
{{See also|First Opium War|Second Opium War}}
European commercial interests sought to end the trading barriers, but China fended off repeated efforts by Britain to reform the trading system. Increasing sales of Indian [[History of opium in China|opium]] to China by British traders led to the [[First Opium War]] (1839–1842). The superiority of Western militaries and [[military technology]] like [[steamboat]]s and [[Congreve rocket]]s forced China to open trade with the West on Western terms.<ref>Brian Catchpole, ''A map history of modern China'' (1976), pp 21-23.</ref>

The '''Second Opium War''' also known as the '''Arrow War''', in 1856-60 saw a joint Anglo-French military mission including Great Britain and the [[Second French Empire|French Empire]] win an easy victory. The agreements of the [[Convention of Peking]] led to the ceding of [[Kowloon Peninsula]] as part of [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]].<ref>John Yue-wo Wong, ''Deadly dreams: Opium and the Arrow war (1856-1860) in China'' (Cambridge UP, 2002).</ref>

[[File:China imperialism cartoon.jpg|left|thumb|French political cartoon from 1898 depicts helpless [[Qing Dynasty|China]] being carved up and divided among the great powers: [[British colonial empire|Britain]], [[German colonial empire|Germany]], [[Russian Empire|Russia]], [[French colonial empire|France]] and [[Empire of Japan|Japan]].]]

=== Unequal treaties ===
{{main|Unequal treaty}}
A series of "[[Unequal treaty|unequal treaties]]", including the [[Treaty of Nanking]] (1842), the [[Treaty of Tientsin|treaties of Tianjin]] (1858), and the [[Beijing Convention]]s (1860), forced China to open new [[treaty ports]], including Canton ([[Guangzhou]]), Amoy ([[Xiamen]]), and [[Shanghai]]. The treaties also allowed the [[British Empire]] to set up [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] as a [[Crown colony]] and established international settlements in the treaty ports under the control of foreign diplomats. China was required to accept diplomats at the capital in Peking, provided for the free movement for foreign ships in Chinese rivers, kept its tariffs low, and opened the interior to [[Christian mission]]aries. Manchu leaders of the Qing government found the treaties useful, because they forced the foreigners into a few limited areas, so that the vast majority of Chinese had no contact whatsoever with them or their dangerous ideas. The missionaries, however, ventured more widely but they were widely distrusted and made very few converts. Their main impact was setting up schools and hospitals.<ref>Ssu-yü Teng and John King Fairbank, ''China's response to the West: a documentary survey, 1839-1923''(1979) pp 35-37, 134-35.</ref> Since the 1920s, the "unequal treaties" have been a centerpiece of angry Chinese grievances against the West in general.<ref>Dong Wang, "The Discourse of Unequal Treaties in Modern China," ''Pacific Affairs'' (2003) 76#3 pp 399-425.</ref>

=== Suzerain and tributaries ===
{{See also|List of tributaries of Imperial China}}
For centuries China had claimed [[Suzerainty|suzerain]] authority over numerous adjacent areas. The areas had internal autonomy but were forced to give tribute to China while being theoretically under the protection of China in terms of foreign affairs. By the 19th century the relationships were nominal, and China exerted little or no actual control.<ref>Amanda J. Cheney, "Tibet Lost in Translation: Sovereignty, Suzerainty and International Order Transformation, 1904–1906." ''Journal of Contemporary China'' 26.107 (2017): 769-783.</ref> The great powers did not recognize China's fiefdom and one by one seized the supposed suzerain areas. Japan moved to dominate the [[Korean Empire]] (and annexed it in 1910)<ref>Andre Schmid, "Colonialism and the ‘Korea Problem’ in the Historiography of Modern Japan: A Review Article." ''Journal of Asian Studies'' 59.4 (2000): 951-976. [http://www.academia.edu/download/40520587/colonialism_and_the_korea_problem.pdf online]{{dead link|date=July 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and seized the [[Ryukyu Islands|Ryukyus]];<ref>Ying-Kit Chan, "Diplomacy and the Appointment of officials in Late Qing China: He Ruzhang and Japan’s Annexation Of Ryukyu." ''Chinese Historical Review'' 26.1 (2019): 20-36.</ref> France took [[Nguyễn dynasty|Vietnam]];<ref>Robert Lee, ''France and the exploitation of China, 1885-1901'' (1989).</ref> Britain took [[Konbaung dynasty|Burma]]<ref>Anthony Webster, "Business and empire: A reassessment of the British conquest of Burma in 1885." ''Historical Journal'' 43.4 (2000): 1003-1025.</ref> and [[Kingdom of Nepal|Nepal]]; Russia took parts of [[Siberia]]. Only [[Tibet]] was left, and that was highly problematic since the Tibetans, as most of the supposed suzerainty, had never accepted Chinese claims of lordship and tribute.<ref>{{cite book|author=Wendy Palace|title=British Empire and Tibet 1900-1922|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HCeSFAQK73IC&pg=PT257|year=2012|publisher=Routledge|page=257|isbn=9781134278633}}</ref> The losses humiliated China and marked it as a repeated failure.

===Christian missionaries===
{{Further|Christianity in China|Jesuit China missions|}}

Catholic missions began with the [[Jesuit China missions]] from France and Italy in the 16th century. For a while were highly successful in placing intellectuals and scientists in the royal court. The Pope, however, [[Chinese Rites controversy|prohibited the priests from making accommodations to Confucianism or paganism]]. The Jesuits left, but returned in 1842. Converts were from the lower social strata, and numbered about 240,000 in 1840 and 720,000 in 1901. The Jesuits opened [[Aurora University (Shanghai)|Aurora University]] in Shanghai in 1903 to reach an elite audience.<ref>Jean-Paul Wiest, "Bringing Christ to the nations: shifting models of mission among Jesuits in China." The Catholic historical review 83.4 (1997): 654-681.</ref> German missionaries arrived in the late 19th century, and Americans arrived in force in the 1920s, largely to replace the French.<ref>John Harney, "Enshrining the Mission: The Bishop Sheehan Memorial Museum and Vincentian Visions of China." ''American Catholic Studies'' (2015): 45-69. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/44195521 Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828173932/https://www.jstor.org/stable/44195521 |date=2019-08-28 }}</ref>

Beginning in Protestant missionaries started to come, to include thousands of men, their wives and children, and unmarried female missionaries. These were not individual operations, they were sponsored and financed by organized churches in their home country. The 19th century is one of steady geographical expansion, which was reluctantly allowed by the Chinese government every time it lost a war. At first they were limited to the Canton area. In the 1842 treaty ending the First Opium War missionaries were granted the right to live and work in five coastal cities. In 1860, the treaties ending the Second Opium War opened up the entire country to missionary activity. Protestant missionary activity exploded during the next few decades. From 50 missionaries in China in 1860, the number grew to 2,500 (counting wives and children) in 1900. 1,400 of the missionaries were British, 1,000 were Americans, and 100 were from [[Continental Europe]], mostly [[Scandinavia]].<ref>Larry Clinton Thompson, ''William Scott Ament and the Boxer Rebellion: Heroism, Hubris, and the Ideal Missionary'' (2009), p. 14; Jane Hunter, ''The Gospel of Gentility'' (1984), p. 6</ref> Protestant missionary activity peaked in the 1920s and thereafter declined due to war and unrest in China, As well as a sense of frustration among the missionaries themselves. By 1953, all Protestant missionaries had been expelled by the communist government of China.<ref>Nicolas Standaert, "New trends in the historiography of Christianity in China." ''Catholic Historical Review'' 83.4 (1997): 573-613.</ref>

In long-term perspective, the major impact of the missions was not the thousands of converts out of million of people, but introducing modern medical standards, and especially building schools for the few families eager to learn about the outside world.<ref>Miwa Hirono, ''Civilizing missions: International religious agencies in China'' (Springer, 2008).</ref> The hospitals not only cured sick people, they taught hygiene and care of children.<ref>Michelle Renshaw, "'Family-Centred Care' in American Hospitals in Late-Qing China." ''Clio Medica'' 86.1 (2010).</ref> They lessened the hostility of Chinese officials.<ref>Xu Guangqiu, "The Impact of Medical Missionaries on Chinese Officials: Dr. Peter Parker and the Canton Hospital, 1835-1855" ''Journal of Presbyterian History'' (2019) 97#1 pp 16-28.</ref><ref>Hu Cheng, "The Modernization of Japanese and Chinese Medicine (1914-1931)." ''Chinese Studies in History'' 47.4 (2014): 78-94.</ref> The key leader of the [[1911 Revolution]], [[Sun Yat-sen]] spent four-year in exile in [[Territory of Hawaii|Hawaii]], where he studied in [[Christian school]]s and eventually converted.<ref>Irma Tam Soong, "Christianity and Dr. Sun Yat-sen's schooling in Hawai'i, 1879-83." ''Chinese America: History and Perspectives'' (2010) pp. 75-86.</ref>

When missionaries returned home they typically preached a highly favorable view toward China, and a negative view toward Japan, helping promote public opinion in the West that increasingly supported China. At the local level across China, for the vast majority of the population, missionaries were the only foreigners they ever saw. Outside the protected international centers, they came under frequent verbal attack, and sometimes violent episodes. This led the international community to threaten military action to protect missionaries, as their diplomats demanded the government provide more and more protection. Attacks reached a crescendo during the Boxer Rebellion, which had a major anti-missionary component. The Boxers killed over 200 foreign missionaries and thousands of Chinese Christians. Dr. [[Eleanor Chesnut]] was killed by a mob in 1905.<ref>{{cite book|author=Guangqiu Xu|title=American Doctors in Canton: Modernization in China, 1835-1935|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7K00DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA32|year=2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=32|isbn=9781351532778}}</ref> Likewise nationalist movements in the 1920s and 1930s also had an anti-missionary component.<ref>{{cite book|author=Lin Su|title=China's Foreign Policy Making: Societal Force and Chinese American Policy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zAFBDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT49|year=2017|pages=49 |isbn=9781351952095}}</ref>
[[File:SinoFrenchWar1884-1885.jpg|300px|thumb|left|[[Sino-French War]] (1884-1885)]]

=== First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895) ===
{{Main|First Sino-Japanese War}}
A weakened China lost wars with Japan and gave up nominal control over the Ryukyu Islands in 1870 to Japan. After the [[First Sino-Japanese War]] of 1894 it lost Formosa to Japan. After the [[Sino-French War]] of 1884–1885, France took control of Vietnam, another supposed "tributary state." After Britain took over Burma, as a show of good faith they maintained the sending of tribute to China, putting themselves in a lower status than in their previous relations.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/chinahermysterie00stearich|quote=burma was a tributary state of china british forward tribute peking.|title=China and her mysteries|author=Alfred Stead|year=1901|publisher=Hood, Douglas, & Howard|location=LONDON|page=[https://archive.org/details/chinahermysterie00stearich/page/100 100]|access-date=19 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606232517/https://archive.org/details/chinahermysterie00stearich|archive-date=6 June 2017|url-status=live}}(Original from the University of California)</ref> To affirm this, Britain agreed in the Burma convention in 1886 to continue the Burmese payments to China every 10 years, in return for which China would recognise Britain's occupation of [[Upper Myanmar|Upper Burma]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/chinasintercour01rockgoog|quote=tribute china.|title=China's intercourse with Korea from the XVth century to 1895|author=William Woodville Rockhill|year=1905|publisher=Luzac & Co.|location=LONDON|page=[https://archive.org/details/chinasintercour01rockgoog/page/n11 5]|access-date=19 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509062310/https://archive.org/details/chinasintercour01rockgoog|archive-date=9 May 2016|url-status=live}}(Colonial period Korea; WWC-5)(Original from the University of California)</ref>

[[File:Great Victory of Pyongyang and Capture of Chinese Qing Generals by Migita Toshihide 1894.jpg|thumb|right|240px|Chinese generals in Pyongyang surrender to the Japanese, October 1894.]]

Japan after 1860 modernized its military after Western models and was far stronger than China. The war, fought in 1894 and 1895, was fought to resolve the issue of control over Korea, which was yet another suzerain claimed by China and under the rule of the [[Joseon|Joseon Dynasty]]. A peasant rebellion led to a request by the Korean government for China to send in troops to stabilize the country. The [[Empire of Japan]] responded by sending its own force to Korea and installing a puppet government in [[Seoul]]. China objected and war ensued. It was a brief affair, with Japanese ground troops routing Chinese forces on the [[Liaodong Peninsula]] and nearly destroying the Chinese navy in the [[Battle of the Yalu River (1894)|Battle of the Yalu River]].<ref name ="JC Perry 1964">{{cite journal |first1=John Curtis |last1=Perry |author-link=John Curtis Perry |date=1964 |title=The Battle off the Tayang, 17 September 1894 |journal=The Mariner's Mirror |volume=50 |issue=4 |pages=243–259 |doi=10.1080/00253359.1964.10657787 }}</ref>

====Treaty of Shimonoseki====
China, badly defeated, sued for peace and was forced to accept the harsh [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]] Signed on April 17, 1895.<ref>Frank W. Ikle, "The Triple Intervention. Japan's Lesson in the Diplomacy of Imperialism." ''Monumenta Nipponica'' 22.1/2 (1967): 122-130. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2383226 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826175120/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2383226 |date=2019-08-26 }}</ref> China became responsible for a financial indemnity of £30 million. It had to surrender To Japan the island of [[Taiwan]] and the [[Penghu|Pescatore Islands]]. Japan received most favored nation status, like all the other powers/ Korea became nominally independent, although the [[Empire of Japan]] and the [[Russian Empire]] were vying for control. The most controversial provision ceded the [[Liaodong Peninsula]] to Japan. However this was not acceptable. Russia, taking the self-appointed mantle of protector of China, worked with Germany and France to intervene and [[Triple Intervention|forced Japan to withdraw from Liaodong Peninsula]].<ref>Catchpole, ''A map history of modern China'' (1976), pp 32-33.</ref> To pay the indemnities, British French and Russian banks loaned China the money, but they also gained other advantages. Russia in 1896 was given permission to extend its [[Trans-Siberian Railway]] across [[Manchuria]] to reach [[Vladivostok]], a 350-mile shortcut. The new [[Chinese Eastern Railway]], was controlled by the Russians, and became a major military factor for them In controlling key parts of Manchuria. Later in 1896 Russia and China made a secret alliance, whereby Russia would work to prevent further Japanese expansion at China's expense. In 1898 Russia obtained a 25-year lease over the [[Liaodong Peninsula|Liadong Peninsula]] in southern Manchuria, including the ice free harbor of [[Port Arthur, China|Port Arthur]], their only such facility in the East. An extension of the [[Chinese Eastern Railway]] to Port Arthur greatly expanded Russian military capabilities in the Far East.<ref>Rhoads Murphey, ''East Asia'' (1997) p 325.</ref>
[[File:JapanPunch29September1894.jpg|thumb|right|British cartoon shows the victory of "little" Japan over "large" China. in 1894.]]

=== Reforms in 1890s ===
One of the government's main source of income was a five percent tariff on imports. The government hired [[Sir Robert Hart, 1st Baronet|Robert Hart]] (1835-1911), a British diplomat to run it from 1863. He set up an efficient system based in Canton that was largely free of corruption, and expanded it to other ports. The top echelon of the service was recruited from all the nations trading with China. Hart promoted numerous modernising programs.<ref>Jung Chang, ''Empress Dowager Cixi'' (2013) p. 80</ref> His agency established a modern postal service and supervision of internal taxes on trade. Hart helped establish its own embassies in foreign countries. He helped set up the [[Tongwen Guan]] (School of Combined Learning) in Peking, with a branch in Canton, to teach foreign languages, culture and science. In 1902 the Tongwen Guan was absorbed into the Imperial University, now [[Peking University]].<ref>[[Robert Bickers]], "Revisiting the Chinese maritime customs service, 1854–1950." ''Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History'' 36.2 (2008): 221-226.</ref><ref>Henk Vynckier and Chihyun Chang, "'Imperium In Imperio': Robert Hart, the Chinese Maritime Customs Service, and its (Self-)Representations," ''Biography'' 37#1 (2014), pp. 69-92 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/24570371 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828114701/https://www.jstor.org/stable/24570371 |date=2019-08-28 }}</ref>

====Hundred Days Reform fails in 1898====
The ''[[Hundred Days Reform]]'' was a failed 103-day national, cultural, political, and educational reform movement from 11 June to 22 September 1898. It was undertaken by the young [[Guangxu Emperor]] and his reform-minded supporters. Following the issuing of over 100 reformative edicts, a coup d'état ("The Coup of 1898", [[Wuxu Coup]]) was perpetrated by powerful conservative opponents led by [[Empress Dowager Cixi]]. The Emperor was locked up until his death and key reformers were exiled or fled.<ref>Luke S.K. Kwong, "Chinese politics at the crossroads: Reflections on the Hundred Days Reform of 1898." Modern Asian Studies 34.3 (2000): 663-695.</ref><ref>Young-Tsu Wong, "Revisionism Reconsidered: Kang Youwei and the Reform Movement of 1898" ''Journal of Asian Studies'' 51#3 (1992), pp. 513-544 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2057948 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828121951/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2057948 |date=2019-08-28 }}</ref>

Empress Dowager Cixi (1835-1908) was in control of imperial policy after 1861; she had remarkable political skills but historians blame her for major policy failures and the growing weakness of China. Her reversal of reforms in 1898 and especially support for the Boxers caused all the powers to join against her. Late Qing China remains a symbol of national humiliation and weakness in Chinese and international historiography. Scholars attribute Cixi's "rule behind the curtains" responsible for the ultimate decline of the Qing dynasty and its capitulatory peace with foreign powers. Her failures hastened the revolution to overthrow the dynasty.<ref>Ying-kit Chan, "A Precious Mirror for Governing the Peace: A Primer for Empress Dowager Cixi." ''Nan Nü'' 17.2 (2015): 214-244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15685268-00172p02</ref>

=== Boxer rebellion ===
{{main|Boxer Rebellion}}
The Boxer Rebellion (1897–1901) was an anti-foreigner movement by the [[Righteous Harmony Society]] in China between 1897 and 1901. They attacked and often killed missionaries, Christian converts, and foreigners. They held the international diplomats in Peking under siege. The ruler of China, the Dowager Empress Cixi, supported the Boxers and the Chinese government paid the penalty. The uprising was crushed by the ad hoc [[Eight Nation Alliance]] of major powers.<ref>Catchpole, ''A map history of modern China'' (1976), pp 34-35.</ref><ref>Diana Preston, ''The Boxer Rebellion : The Dramatic Story of China's War on Foreigners That Shook the World in the Summer of 1900'' (2000). [https://www.questia.com/read/70134073/the-boxer-rebellion-the-dramatic-story-of-china-s Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212123707/https://www.questia.com/read/70134073/the-boxer-rebellion-the-dramatic-story-of-china-s |date=2018-12-12 }}</ref> On top of all the damage and pillage, China was forced to pay annual installments of an indemnity of $333 million American dollars to all the victors—actual total payments amounted to about $250 million.<ref>{{cite book|author=Ji Zhaojin|title=A History of Modern Shanghai Banking: The Rise and Decline of China's Financial Capitalism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kHKlDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA75|year=2016|publisher=Routledge|page=75|isbn=9781317478072}}</ref> Robert Hart, the inspector general of the [[Imperial Maritime Customs Service]], was the chief negotiator for the peace terms. The indemnity, despite some beneficial programs, was "nothing but bad" for China, as Hart had predicted at the beginning of the negotiations.<ref>Frank H.H. King, "The Boxer Indemnity—‘Nothing but Bad’." ''Modern Asian Studies'' 40.3 (2006): 663-689.</ref>

=== Manchuria ===
{{see also|Chinese Eastern Railway|South Manchuria Railway}}
Manchuria was a contested zone with Russia and Japan taking control away from China and in the process [[Russo-Japanese War|going to war themselves in 1904–1905.]]<ref>Ian Nish, ''The Origins of the Russo-Japanese War'' (1985).</ref>

== Republican China ==
{{Main|Republic of China (1912–1949)}}
The [[1911 Revolution|Republican Revolution of 1911]] overthrew the imperial court and brought an era of confused politics. [[Yuan Shikai]] became president in 1912 and, with support from regional war lords, tried to be a dictator. He showed little interest in foreign affairs apart from obtaining loans from Europe. When he suddenly died in 1916 the national government was left in chaos.<ref>Jerome Ch'en, ''Yuan Shih-K'Ai'' (1962) pp. 147–160, 173–77.</ref>

When [[World War I]] broke out in 1914, [[China during World War I|China officially entered the war]] and played a small role. Japan seized the German possessions in China. In January 1915 Japan issued the [[Twenty-One Demands]]. The goal was to greatly extend Japanese control of [[Manchuria]] and of the [[Economy of the Republic of China (1912-1949)|Chinese economy]].<ref>Ch'en, ''Yuan Shih-K'Ai'' (1962) pp. 185–195.</ref><ref>Zhitian Luo. "National humiliation and national assertion: The Chinese response to the twenty-one demands." ''Modern Asian Studies'' 27.2 (1993): 297-319.</ref> The Chinese public responded with a spontaneous nationwide boycott of Japanese goods; Japan's exports to China fell by 40%. Britain was officially a military ally of Japan but was affronted and no longer trusted Japan. With the British tied down on the Western Front against Germany, Japan's position was strong. Nevertheless, Britain and the United States forced Japan to drop the fifth set of demands that would have given Japan a large measure of control over the entire Chinese economy and ended the [[Open Door Policy]]. Japan and China reached a series of agreements which ratified the first four sets of goals on 25 May 1915. Japan gained a little at the expense of China, but Britain refused to renew the alliance and American opinion turned hostile. The [[Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)|Paris Peace Conference in 1919]] resulted in the Versailles Treaty that allowed Japan to retain territories in Shandong that had been surrendered by Germany in 1914. Chinese students launched the [[May Fourth Movement]] in 1919, inspiring a nationwide nationalistic hostility against Japan and the other foreign powers.<ref>Joseph T. Chen, "The May Fourth Movement Redefined." ''Modern Asian Studies'' 4.1 (1970): 63-81 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/311753 online].
</ref>

After 1916 almost all of China was in the hands of regional warlords. Until 1929 the [[Nationalist government]] was a small rump establishment based in Beijing, with little or no control over most of China. However it did control foreign affairs, and was recognized by foreign countries. It receive the customs revenue; the money was largely used to pay off old debts, such as the indemnities for the Boxer Rebellion. It managed to negotiate an increase in the customs revenue, and represented China in international affairs such as the Paris peace conference. It tried with limited success to renegotiate the unequal treaties. Britain and the other powers continue to control Shanghai and the other port cities until the late 1920s.<ref>Klaus Mühlhahn, Making China Modern (2019) pp 251-252.</ref><ref>Robert T. Pollard, China's Foreign Relations, 1917-1931 (1933) p. 310.</ref>

In 1931, [[Japanese invasion of Manchuria|Japan seized control of Manchuria]] over the objections of the [[League of Nations]]. Japan quit the League, which was helpless.<ref>Alison Adcock Kaufman, "In Pursuit of Equality and Respect: China’s Diplomacy and the League of Nations." ''Modern China'' 40.6 (2014): 605-638 [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.947.9164&rep=rep1&type=pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108025650/http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.947.9164&rep=rep1&type=pdf |date=2018-11-08 }}.</ref> The most active Chinese diplomat was [[Wellington Koo]].<ref>Stephen G. Craft, ''V.K. Wellington Koo and the emergence of modern China'' (University Press of Kentucky, 2015).</ref>

In 1938, [[Chiang Kai-shek|Chiang Kai-Shek]]'s Ministry of Foreign Affairs published a "Map of National Shame" which listed Mongolia, parts of Siberia, and Indochina as "lost territories."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1331741429 |title=The dragon roars back : transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3088-8 |location=Stanford, California |pages=138 |oclc=1331741429}}</ref>

===German role===
{{further|China-Nazi Germany relations}}

The German military had a major role in Republican China.<ref>William C. Kirby, ''Germany and Republican China'' (Stanford UP, 1984).</ref> The [[Imperial German Navy]] was in charge of Germany's [[Jiaozhou Bay Leased Territory]], and spent heavily to set up modern facilities that would be a showcase for Asia. Japan seized the German operations in 1914 after sharp battles. After World War I, the [[Weimar Republic]] provided extensive advisory services to the Republic of China, especially training for the Chinese army. Colonel General [[Hans von Seeckt]], the former commander the German army, organized the training of China's elite [[National Revolutionary Army]] units and the fight against communists in 1933–1935.<ref>Hsi‐Huey Liang, "China, the Sino‐Japanese conflict and the Munich crisis." ''Diplomacy & Statecraft'' 10.2-3 (1999): 342-369.</ref> All military academies had German officers, as did most army units. In addition, German engineers provided expertise and bankers provided loans for [[Rail transport in China|China's railroad system]]. Trade with Germany flourished in the 1920s, with Germany as China's largest supplier of government credit. The last major advisor left in 1938, after [[Nazi Germany]] had allied itself with Japan, the great enemy of the Republic of China. Nevertheless, Chiang Kai-Shek continued to hope to use Germany as a model for his nation, as his mentor [[Sun Yat-sen]] had recommended.<ref>Odd Arne Westad, ''Restless Empire: China in the world since 1750'' (2012) pp. 133–135.</ref><ref>Robyn L. Rodriguez, "Journey to the East: The German Military Mission in China, 1927-1938" (PhD Diss. The Ohio State University, 2011) [http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1319222757 online]</ref>

== War with Japan: 1937–1945 ==
{{main|Second Sino-Japanese War}}

Japan invaded in 1937, launching the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]. By 1938, the [[United States]] was a strong supporter of China. Michael Schaller says that during 1938:
:China emerged as something of a symbol of American-sponsored resistance to Japanese aggression.... A new policy appeared, one predicated on the maintenance of a pro-American China which might be a bulwark against Japan. The United States hoped to use China as the weapon with which to contain Tokyo's larger imperialism. Economic assistance, Washington hoped, could achieve this result.<ref>Michael Schaller, ''The US Crusade in China, 1938-1945'' (1979) p 17.</ref>
[[File:Cairo conference.jpg|thumb|right|Chiang Kai-shek with U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill at the [[Cairo Conference]] in 1943]]

Even the [[United States non-interventionism|isolationists]] who opposed war in Europe supported a hard-line against Japan. American public sympathy for the Chinese, and hatred of Japan, was aroused by reports from missionaries, novelists such as [[Pearl Buck]], and ''[[Time Magazine]]'' of Japanese brutality in China, including reports surrounding the [[Nanjing Massacre]], called the 'Rape of Nanking'. By early 1941, the U.S. was preparing to send American planes flown by American pilots under American command, but wearing Chinese uniforms, to fight the Japanese invaders and even to bomb Japanese cities. There were delays and the "[[Flying Tigers]]" under [[Claire Lee Chennault]] finally became operational days after the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]] (December 7, 1941) brought the U.S. into the war officially. The Flying Tigers were soon incorporated into the [[United States Army Air Forces|United States Army Air Force]], which made operations in China a high priority, and generated enormous favorable publicity for the China in the U.S.<ref>Martha Byrd, ''Chennault: Giving Wings to the Tiger'' (2003)</ref>

After Japan took Southeast Asia, American aid had to be routed through [[British Raj|British India]] and over the [[Himalayas|Himalayan Mountains]] at enormous expense and frustrating delay. Chiang's beleaguered government was now headquartered in remote [[Chongqing]]. Roosevelt sent [[Joseph Stilwell]] to train Chinese troops and coordinate military strategy. He became the Chief of Staff to Generalissimo [[Chiang Kai-shek]], served as U.S. commander in the [[China Burma India Theater]], was responsible for all [[Lend-Lease]] supplies going to China, and was later Deputy Commander of [[South East Asia Command]]. Despite his status and position in China, he became involved in conflicts with other senior Allied officers, over the distribution of Lend-Lease materiel, Chinese political sectarianism and proposals to incorporate Chinese and U.S. forces in the [[11th Army Group]] (which was under British command).<ref>Barbara Tuchman, ''Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911–45'' (1971), pp. 231–232.</ref> [[Soong Mei-ling|Madame Chiang Kaishek]], who had been educated in the U.S., addressed the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] and toured the country to rally support for China.<ref>Laura Tyson Li, ''Madame Chiang Kai-Shek: China's Eternal First Lady'' (2006).</ref> Congress amended the [[Chinese Exclusion Act]] and Roosevelt moved to end the [[Unequal treaty|unequal treaties]]. Chiang and Mme. Chiang met with Roosevelt and Churchill at the [[Cairo Conference]] of late 1943, but promises of major increases in aid did not materialize.<ref>Jonathan Fenby, ''Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost'' (2005) pp 408-14, 428-433.</ref>

The perception grew that Chiang's government, with poorly equipped and ill-fed troops was unable to effectively fight the Japanese or that he preferred to focus more on defeating the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP). [[China Hands]] advising Stilwell argued that it was in American interest to establish communication with the Communists to prepare for a land-based counteroffensive invasion of Japan. The [[Dixie Mission]], which began in 1943, was the first official American contact with the Communists. Other Americans, led by Chennault, argued for air power. In 1944, Generalissimo Chiang acceded to Roosevelt's request that an American general take charge of all forces in the area, but demanded that Stilwell be recalled. General [[Albert Coady Wedemeyer]] replaced Stilwell, [[Patrick J. Hurley]] became ambassador, and Chinese-American relations became much smoother. The U.S. had included China in top-level diplomacy in the hope that large masses of Chinese troops would defeat Japan with minimal American casualties. When that hope was seen as illusory, and it was clear that [[Boeing B-29 Superfortress|B-29 bombers]] could not operate effectively from China, China became much less important to Washington, but it was promised a seat in the new [[United Nations Security Council|UN Security Council]], with a veto.<ref>Herbert Feis, ''China Tangle: American Effort in China from Pearl Harbor to the Marshall Mission'' (1953) pp 376-79.</ref>

== Civil War ==
{{Main|Chinese Civil War|Cross-Strait relations}}
When civil war threatened, President [[Harry S. Truman]] sent General [[George Marshall]] to China at the end of 1945 to broker a compromise between the Nationalist government and the Communists, who had established control in much of [[Northern and southern China|northern China]]. Marshall hoped for a [[coalition government]], and brought the two distrustful sides together. At home, many Americans saw China as a bulwark against the spread of communism, but [[China Hands|some Americans]] hoped that the Communists would remain on friendly terms with the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Daniel Kurtz-Phelan|title=The China Mission: George Marshall's Unfinished War, 1945-1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QDIsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT7|year=2018|publisher=W. W. Norton|pages=7, 141|isbn=9780393243086}}</ref> [[Mao Zedong]] had long admired the U.S.—[[George Washington]] was a hero to him—and saw it as an ally in the Second World War. He was bitterly disappointed when the U.S. would not abandon the Nationalists, writing that "the imperialists who had always been hostile to the Chinese people will not change overnight to treat us on an equal level." His official policy was "wiping out the control of the imperialists in China completely."<ref>He Di, "The Most Respected Enemy: Mao Zedong's Perception of the United States" ''China Quarterly'' No. 137 (March 1994), pp. 144-158, quotations on page 147. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/655690 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828110157/https://www.jstor.org/stable/655690 |date=2019-08-28 }}</ref> Truman and Marshall, while supplying military aid and advice, determined that American intervention could not save the Nationalist cause. One recent scholar argues that the Communists won the Civil War because [[Mao Zedong]] made fewer military mistakes and [[Chiang Kai-shek]] antagonized key interest groups. Furthermore, his armies had been weakened in the war against Japanese. Meanwhile, the Communists promised to improve the ways of life for groups such as farmers.<ref>Odd Arne Westad, ''Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750'' (2012) p 291</ref>

Soviet leader [[Joseph Stalin]]'s policy was opportunistic and utilitarian. He offered official Soviet support only when the [[People's Liberation Army]] had virtually won the Civil War. [[Sergey Radchenko]] argues that "all the talk of [[proletarian internationalism]] in the [[Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance|Sino-Soviet alliance]] was but a cloak for Soviet expansionist ambitions in East Asia".<ref>[[Sergey Radchenko]], "Sino-Soviet Relations and the Emergence of the Chinese Communist Regime, 1946–1950: New Documents, Old Story." ''Journal of Cold War Studies'' 9.4 (2007): 115-124.</ref>

== People's Republic of China ==
{{See also|List of wars involving the People's Republic of China}}
[[File:PRC relations commencement.svg|400px|right|thumb|Countries of the world indicating decade diplomatic relations commenced with the People's Republic of China: 1949/1950s (dark red), 1960s (red), 1970s (orange), 1980s (beige), 1990s/2000s (yellow) and 2010s/2020s (green). Countries not recognized by or not recognizing the PRC are in grey.]]

=== International recognition ===
{{See also|Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China}}

Since its establishment in 1949, the People's Republic of China has worked vigorously to win international recognition and support for its position that it is the sole legitimate government of all China, including [[History of Tibet (1950–present)|Tibet]], [[Foreign relations of Hong Kong|Hong Kong]], [[Foreign relations of Macau|Macau]], ([[Foreign relations of Taiwan|Taiwan]]), the [[Senkaku Islands|Senkaku/Diaoyu islands]] and islands in the [[South China Sea]].

Upon its establishment in 1949, the People's Republic of China was recognized by [[Eastern Bloc]] countries. On 4 January 1950, Pakistan became the first Muslim country to recognize China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hussain |first=Syed Rifaat |url= |title=The new great game : China and South and Central Asia in the era of reform |date=2016 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |others=Thomas Fingar |isbn=978-0-8047-9764-1 |location=Stanford, California |pages=118 |chapter=Sino-Pakistan Ties |oclc=939553543 |author-link=}}</ref> Among the first Western countries to recognize China were the [[United Kingdom]] (6 January 1950), [[Switzerland]] (17 January 1950<ref>[http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/reps/asia/vchn/bilchi.html Bilateral relations between Switzerland and China] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141002011012/http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/reps/asia/vchn/bilchi.html |date=2014-10-02 }} (page visited on 19 August 2014).</ref>) and [[Sweden]] (14 February 1950<ref>{{cite web|author1=Consulate-General of the People's Republic of China in Gothenburg|script-title=zh:中国与瑞典的关系|url=http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cggb/chn/zrgx/t216965.htm|website=www.fmprc.gov.cn|publisher=Consulate-General of the People's Republic of China in Gothenburg|access-date=4 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302092144/http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cggb/chn/zrgx/t216965.htm|archive-date=2 March 2009|location=Gothenburg, Sweden|language=zh|quote=瑞典于1950年1月14日承认新中国}}</ref>). The first Western country to establish diplomatic ties with China was [[Sweden]] (on 9 May 1950).<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-06/11/content_891453.htm|title = China-Sweden relations continue to strengthen|date = 2007-06-11|access-date = 2014-08-22|website = China Daily|last = Xinhua|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140819130026/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-06/11/content_891453.htm|archive-date = 2014-08-19|url-status = live}}</ref> Until the early 1970s, the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]] government in [[Taipei]] was recognized diplomatically by most world powers and held China's permanent seat in the UN Security Council, including its associated [[United Nations Security Council veto power|veto power]]. After the Beijing government assumed the China seat in 1971 (and the ROC government was expelled), the great majority of nations have switched diplomatic relations from the Republic of China to the People's Republic of China. Japan established diplomatic relations with the PRC in 1972, following the [[Joint Communiqué of the Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China]], and the U.S. did so in 1979. In 2011, the number of countries that had established diplomatic relations with Beijing had risen to 171, while 23 maintained diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (or Taiwan).<ref>{{cite web|title=Background Note: China|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/18902.htm|work=Bureau of Public Affairs|publisher=U.S. Department of State|access-date=10 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121015639/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/18902.htm|archive-date=21 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> (See also: [[Political status of Taiwan]])

== Mao's foreign policies ==
During the Mao era, China's foreign relations were rooted in Chinese leadership's perceptions of the international socialist movement's purpose.<ref name=":04">{{Cite book |last=Meyskens |first=Covell F. |url= |title=Mao's Third Front: The Militarization of Cold War China |date=2020 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-108-78478-8 |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |doi=10.1017/9781108784788 |oclc=1145096137 |s2cid=218936313}}</ref>{{Rp|page=21}} In their view, the primary concern of worldwide revolutionary activities should be anti-imperialism, and the economic development brought by socialism would result in a shift in the global balance of power.<ref name=":04" />{{Rp|page=21}}

The terminology of "the Cold War" was not prominent in Chinese discourse during the Mao era.<ref name=":04" />{{Rp|page=20}} From the dominant Chinese view, the conflict between capitalism and socialism that existed from the late 1940s into the 1970s had not gone "cold."<ref name=":04" />{{Rp|pages=20-21}}

In the 1947-1962 era, Mao emphasized the desire for international partnerships, on the one hand to more rapidly develop the economy, and on the other to protect against attacks, especially by the U.S. His numerous alliances, however, all fell apart, including the [[Soviet Union]], [[North Vietnam]], [[North Korea]], and [[People's Socialist Republic of Albania|Albania]]. He was unable to organize an anti-American coalition. Mao was only interested in what alliances could do for China, and ignored the needs of the partners.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} From their point of view China appeared unreliable because of its unstable internal situation, typified by the Great Leap Forward.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} Furthermore, Mao was insensitive to the fears of alliance partners that China was so big, and so inwardly directed, that their needs would be ignored.<ref>Michael Yahuda, ''Towards the End of Isolationism: China's Foreign Policy After Mao'' (1983) pp 120-22.</ref>

During the Mao era, China's foreign policy bureaucracy was small.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1331741429 |title=The dragon roars back : transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3088-8 |location=Stanford, California |pages=175 |oclc=1331741429}}</ref> Strategic decisions and security issues were handled in a top-down style.<ref name=":9" /> With Mao in overall control and making final decisions, Chinese Premier [[Zhou Enlai]] handled foreign-policy and developed a strong reputation for his diplomatic and negotiating skills.<ref>Yahuda, ''Towards the End of Isolationism'' (1983) p 18.</ref> Zhou stressed discipline in the diplomatic corps, maintaining that "there is no small matter in diplomacy." Despite his diplomatic skills, Zhou's bargaining position was undercut by the domestic turmoil initiated by Mao.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1331741429 |title=The dragon roars back : transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy |date=2023 |isbn=978-1-5036-3088-8 |location=Stanford, California |pages=174–175 |oclc=1331741429}}</ref> The [[Great Leap Forward]] of 1958-60 was a failed effort to industrialize overnight; it devastated [[Agriculture in China|food production]] and led to [[Great Chinese Famine|millions of deaths from famine]]. Even more disruptive was the [[Cultural Revolution]] of 1966–76, which decimated a generation of leadership.

After the Sino-Soviet split, Moscow and Beijing sometimes sponsored rival Communist parties around the world, which expended energy fighting each other. China's focus especially was on the [[Third World]] as China portrayed itself as the legitimate leader of the global battle against imperialism and capitalism.<ref>Westad, ''Restless Empire'' ch 9</ref><ref>John W. Garver, ''China's Quest: The History of the Foreign Relations of the People's Republic'' (2nd ed. 2018), pp 85, 196-98, 228-231, 264.</ref> It urged Third World countries not to side with either the United States or the Soviet Union, viewing both of those count as coveting hegemony over the Third World.<ref name=":04" />{{Rp|page=21}}

== Soviet Union and Korean War ==
{{Main|Korean War|Sino–Soviet relations|China–North Korea relations|Cold War}}
After its founding, the PRC's foreign policy initially focused on its solidarity with the [[Soviet Union]], the [[Eastern Bloc]] nations, and other communist countries, sealed with, among other agreements, the [[Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance]] signed in 1950 to oppose China's chief antagonists, the West and in particular the U.S. The 1950–53 [[Korean War]] waged by China and its [[North Korea]] ally against the U.S., [[South Korea]], and [[United Nations]] (UN) forces has long been a reason for bitter feelings. After the conclusion of the [[Korean War]], China sought to balance its identification as a member of the Soviet bloc by establishing friendly relations with Pakistan and other [[Third World]] countries, particularly in Southeast Asia.<ref>[[Chen Jian (academic)|Chen Jian]], ''China's road to the Korean War'' (1994)</ref>

China's entry into the Korean War was the first of many "preemptive counterattacks". Chinese leaders decided to intervene when they saw their North Korean ally being overwhelmed and no guarantee American forces would stop at the [[Yalu River]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://breakingdefense.com/2013/09/26/chinas-dangerous-weakness-part-1-beijings-aggressive-idea-of-self-defense/ |title=China's Dangerous Weakness, Part 1: Beijing's Aggressive Idea Of Self-Defense |last1=Freedberg Jr. |first1=Sydney J. |date=26 September 2013 |website=breakingdefense.com |publisher=Breaking Media, Inc. |access-date=27 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929192358/http://breakingdefense.com/2013/09/26/chinas-dangerous-weakness-part-1-beijings-aggressive-idea-of-self-defense/ |archive-date=29 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Break with Moscow ===
{{Main|Sino-Soviet split}}
By the late 1950s, relations between China and the Soviet Union had become so divisive that in 1960, the Soviets unilaterally withdrew their advisers from China. The two then began to vie for allegiances among the [[Developing country|developing world]], for China saw itself as a natural champion through its role in the [[Non-Aligned Movement]] and its numerous bilateral and bi-party ties.
In the 1960s, Beijing competed with Moscow for political influence among communist parties and in the developing world generally. In 1962, China had a [[Sino-Indian War|brief war]] with [[India]] over a border dispute. By 1969, relations with Moscow were so tense that fighting erupted along their common border. Following the [[Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia]] and clashes in 1969 on the Sino-Soviet border, Chinese competition with the Soviet Union increasingly reflected concern over China's own strategic position. China then lessened its anti-Western rhetoric and began developing formal diplomatic relations with West European nations.<ref>Dong Wang, "The Quarrelling Brothers: New Chinese Archives and a Reappraisal of the Sino-Soviet Split, 1959-1962." ''Cold War International History Project Working Paper Series '' (2005) [https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/publication/WP49DW_rev.pdf online].</ref>

== 1970s and 1980s ==
In the 1970s and 1980s, China sought to create a secure regional and global environment for itself and foster good relations with countries that could aid its economic development. During the time of Mao, China was a closed country. After his death, authorities led by [[Deng Xiaoping]] began initiating reforms. Along with Deng's policy of [[reform and opening up]], Deng involved more parties in foreign policy decision-making, decentralizing the foreign policy bureaucracy.<ref name=":11">{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1331741429 |title=The dragon roars back : transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3088-8 |location=Stanford, California |pages=175–176 |oclc=1331741429}}</ref> Deng's approach attempted to build broad consensus and required enormous efforts to achieve compromises acceptable to all relevant stakeholders on an issue.<ref name=":11" /> This decentralized approach led to consideration of a great number of interests and views, but also fragmentation of policy institutions and extensive bargaining between different bureaucratic units during the policy-making process.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1331741429 |title=The dragon roars back : transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3088-8 |location=Stanford, California |pages=176 |oclc=1331741429}}</ref>

In 1983, 74-year-old [[Li Xiannian]] became [[President of the People's Republic of China|President of China]], nominal head of state of China under [[Deng Xiaoping]] and one of the longest serving politicians in the leadership of China. He visited many countries and thus began opening China to the world. In 1985, [[Li Xiannian]] was the first president of China to visit the U.S. President Li also visited [[North Korea]]. 1986 saw the arrival of Queen [[Elizabeth II]] in an official visit.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Anderson |first=Kurt |date=7 May 1984 |title=History Beckons Again |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,954285,00.html |url-status=dead |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822155758/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,954285,00.html |archive-date=22 August 2013 |access-date=19 August 2011}}</ref> To this end, China looked to the West for assistance with its modernization drive and for help in countering Soviet expansionism, which it characterized as the greatest threat to its national security and to world peace.

China maintained its consistent opposition to "superpower [[Hegemony|hegemonism]]", focusing almost exclusively on the expansionist actions of the Soviet Union and Soviet proxies such as Vietnam and [[Cuba]], but it also placed growing emphasis on a foreign policy independent of both the U.S. and the Soviet Union. While improving ties with the West, China continued to closely follow the political and economic positions of the Third World [[Non-Aligned Movement]], although China was not a formal member.

A visit by Japanese Prime Minister [[Kakuei Tanaka]] to Beijing culminated in the signing of a [[Joint Communiqué of the Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China|joint statement]] on September 29, 1972, and normalization of diplomatic relations between Japan and the PRC.<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503634152 |title=The Dragon Roars Back: Transformational Leaders and Dynamics of Chinese Foreign policy |date=2022 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3415-2 |pages=48 |doi=10.1515/9781503634152}}</ref> Japan stated that it was aware of its responsibility for causing enormous damage to the Chinese people during World War II and China renounced its demand for war reparation from Japan.<ref name=":32" /> Avoiding political disputes over this traumatic history facilitated immediate strategic cooperation.<ref name=":32" /> The Japanese agreed with the Chinese view on the [[political status of Taiwan]], namely "that Taiwan is an inalienable part of the territory of the People's Republic of China."<ref name=":32" />

China grew concerned about the strong Soviet influence in Vietnam, fearing that Vietnam could become a pseudo-[[protectorate]] of the Soviet Union.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1332788951 |title=The dragon roars back : transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3415-2 |location=Stanford, California |pages=55 |oclc=1332788951}}</ref> Vietnam's claim to be the world's third largest military power following its victory in the [[Vietnam War]] also increased Chinese apprehensions.<ref name=":2" /> In the Chinese view, Vietnam was pursuing a regional hegemonic policy in an attempt to control Indochina.<ref name=":2" /> On 25 December 1978, [[Cambodian–Vietnamese War|Vietnam invaded Democratic Kampuchea]], overrunning most of the country, deposing the Khmer Rouge regime favored by China, and installing [[Heng Samrin]] as the head of the new Cambodian government.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503634152 |title=The Dragon Roars Back: Transformational Leaders and Dynamics of Chinese Foreign Policy |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3415-2 |location=Stanford |pages=55–56 |doi=10.1515/9781503634152}}</ref> The move antagonized China, which now viewed the Soviet Union as capable of encircling its southern border.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1346366969 |title=The Dragon Roars Back Transformational Leaders and Dynamics of Chinese Foreign Policy. |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3415-2 |location=Stanford |pages=56 |oclc=1346366969}}</ref> China launched an invasion of Vietnam in the [[Sino-Vietnamese War|Sino-Vietnamese war]]. On Match 6, 1979, China declared that its punitive mission had been achieved and withdrew.

Chinese anxiety about Soviet strategic advances was heightened following the [[Soviet–Afghan War|Soviet Union's December 1979 invasion]] of [[Afghanistan]]. Sharp differences between China and the Soviet Union persisted over Soviet support for [[Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia|Vietnam's continued occupation of Cambodia]], the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and Soviet troops along the [[China–Russia border|Sino-Soviet border]] and in [[Mongolia]]—the so-called "three obstacles" to improved Sino-Soviet relations.<ref>Michael B. Yahuda, ''End of Isolationism: China's Foreign Policy After Mao'' (1983).</ref><ref>Michael Yahuda, "Deng Xiaoping: the statesman." ''The China Quarterly'' 135 (1993): 551-572 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/654102 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210152538/https://www.jstor.org/stable/654102 |date=2019-02-10 }}.</ref>

Since the 1980s, China's foreign policy has been peace-seeking with a focus on optimizing mutual economic interests between states.<ref name=":33">{{Cite book |last=Atatüre |first=Süha |url= |title=China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, Diplomacy, Economy and Cyberspace |date=2023 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |others=Mher Sahakyan |isbn=978-1-003-35258-7 |edition= |location=New York |pages= |chapter=The US and China as Main Powers in Multipolar World Order 2.0 |oclc=1353290533}}</ref>{{Rp|page=45}} It has generally sought to maintain good relationships with countries that may be opposed to each other, for example in its cultivation of relationships with both Israel and the Arab states.<ref name=":92">{{Cite book |last1=Marquis |first1=Christopher |url= |title=Mao and Markets: The Communist Roots of Chinese Enterprise |last2=Qiao |first2=Kunyuan |date=2022 |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-26883-6 |location=New Haven |pages=251 |doi=10.2307/j.ctv3006z6k |jstor=j.ctv3006z6k |oclc=1348572572 |author-link=Christopher Marquis |s2cid=253067190}}</ref> During the 1980s, Deng began formulating a good neighboring policy to capitalize on regional activism.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1332788951 |title=The dragon roars back : transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3415-2 |location=Stanford, California |pages=66 |oclc=1332788951}}</ref> Under this policy, China no longer considered a neighboring country's ideological tendencies as a critical factor in foreign policy, and instead focused on developing international relationships with its neighbors regardless of their respective ties to the United States or the Soviet Union.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1332788951 |title=The dragon roars back : transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3415-2 |location=Stanford, California |pages=66–67 |oclc=1332788951}}</ref> Thus, in 1988, China signed an agreement with Mongolia regarding borders, despite the fact that China's government had long viewed neighboring Mongolia as a Soviet satellite.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503634152 |title=The Dragon Roars Back: Transformational Leadership and the Dynamics of Chinese Foreign Policy |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3415-2 |location=Stanford, California |pages=67|doi=10.1515/9781503634152 }}</ref>

===1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre===
{{Main|1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre|Reactions to the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre}}

In the immediate aftermath of the [[1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre]], various countries imposed sanctions, cancelled aid, banned sales of military equipment, or cut back diplomatic ties.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1332788951 |title=The dragon roars back : transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3415-2 |location=Stanford, California |pages=62 |oclc=1332788951}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Klien |first=Susanne |title=Rethinking Japan's Identity and International Role: An Intercultural Perspective |date=2018-10-24 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-315-81105-5 |edition=1 |pages=89 |language=en |doi=10.4324/9781315811055|s2cid=239920118 }}</ref> In response to these efforts to isolate China, Deng articulated the "twenty-four character guidelines" for China to adopt in its international affairs: observe carefully (冷静观察), secure China's positions (稳住阵脚), calmly cope with the challenges (沉着应付), hide China's capacities and bide its time (韬光养晦), be good at maintaining a low profile (善于守拙), and never claim leadership (绝不当头).<ref name=":0" /> China's approach focused on learning to live with the fact of United States hegemony.<ref name=":0" />

Although the crackdown hurt relations with Western countries, it had relatively little impact on China's relations with its Asian neighbors.<ref name=":6" /> Most of these neighboring countries did not have better human rights records than China and were generally sympathetic to China in light of the pressure it received from Western countries.<ref name=":6" /> Even in the wake of the crackdown, China's foreign relations with its neighbors generally improved.<ref name=":6" />
== 1990s ==
In the 1990s, China adopted conservative negotiating tactics in its territorial disputes, deemphasizing the use of confrontation and instead relying on legal agreements and diplomatic measures.<ref name=":6" />

Following the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] in late 1991, China also opened diplomatic relations with the republics of the former Soviet Union.<ref>Samuel S. Kim, "Chinese Foreign Policy After Tiananmen," ''Current History'' 89#548 (September. 1990), 245-52.</ref> In the post-Cold War environment, President [[Jiang Zemin]] continued Deng's good neighboring policy, under the principles of stabilizing the periphery, expanding diplomacy, and altering the situation.<ref name=":5" /> China had considered the Soviet Union its principal security threat, and its dissolution reduced the importance of security considerations in China's perceptions of South and Central Asian geo-politics.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fingar |first=Thomas |url= |title=The new great game : China and South and Central Asia in the era of reform |date=2016 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |others=Thomas Fingar |isbn=978-0-8047-9764-1 |location=Stanford, California |pages=16 |chapter=China and South and Central Asia in the Era of Reform |oclc=939553543 |author-link=Thomas Fingar}}</ref> China began rebuilding relations with its Central Asian countries, with their economic ties growing during the 1990s and subsequently.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Huasheng |url= |title=The new great game : China and South and Central Asia in the era of reform |date=2016 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |others=Thomas Fingar |isbn=978-0-8047-9764-1 |location=Stanford, California |pages=172–175 |chapter=Central Asia in Chinese Strategic Thinking |oclc=939553543}}</ref>

Beginning in 1992, China began to balance its relationships with North and South Korea.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503634152 |title=The Dragon Roars Back: Transformational Leaders and Dynamics of Chinese Foreign Policy |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3415-2 |location=Stanford, California |pages=69|doi=10.1515/9781503634152 }}</ref> It normalized its diplomatic relations with South Korea in 1992 while continuing its strategic relationship with North Korea.<ref name=":7" />

To combat the threat of [[Jihadism|militant Islam]]-fueled separatism in [[Xinjiang]] and to cement relations with the Central Asian states following the Soviet Union's dissolution, China signed the 1996 Treaty of Enhancing Military Mutual Trust in the Border Areas with nearby Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Russia, and Kyrgyzstan at a meeting in Shanghai.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503634152 |title=The Dragon Roars Back: Transformational Leaders and Dynamics of Chinese Foreign Policy |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3415-2 |location=Stanford, California |pages=70|doi=10.1515/9781503634152 }}</ref> The group of nations began meeting in 1997 as the "Shanghai Five" (and continuing into the 2000s as the [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]]).

China increased its reputation among its neighbors during the [[1997 Asian financial crisis]].<ref name=":03">{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1332788951 |title=The dragon roars back : transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3415-2 |location=Stanford, California |pages=68 |oclc=1332788951}}</ref> Other Asian countries harshly affected by the crisis sought the United States or Japan to bail them out of the difficult economic conditions.<ref name=":03" /> As the United States and Japan moved slowly, China made a highly regarded symbolic gesture by refusing to devalue its own currency (which presumably would have touched off a series of competitive devaluations with serious consequences for the region).<ref name=":03" /> Instead, China contributed $4 billion to neighboring countries via a combination of bilateral bailouts and contributing to IMF bailout packages.<ref name=":03" /> In 1999, as a result of these actions, the World Bank described China as a "source of stability for the region" in one of its reports.<ref name=":03" />

Beginning in the late 1990s, China began to articulate its [[new security concept]]: that no single state, even the most powerful, is capable of coping with all security challenges alone.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503634152 |title=The Dragon Roars Back: Transformational Leaders and Dynamics of Chinese Foreign policy |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3415-2 |location=Stanford, California |pages=71|doi=10.1515/9781503634152 }}</ref>

=== Relations with the United States in the 1990s ===
The 1990s presented several challenges in China-United States relations, although there were positive developments for China including the United States' de-linking of China's most favored nation status from its human rights record. In July 1993, the [[Yinhe incident|''Yinhe'' incident]] prompted Jiang's adoption of the "sixteen-characters formula" for working with the United States: "enhancing confidence, reducing troubles, expanding cooperation, and avoiding confrontation."<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503634152 |title=The Dragon Roars Back: Transformational Leaders and Dynamics of Chinese Foreign Policy |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3415-2 |location=Stanford, California |pages=63|doi=10.1515/9781503634152 }}</ref> During the ''Yinhe'' incident, the United States Navy stopped a Chinese container ship, the ''Yinhe'', based on incorrect suspicions that the ship contained chemical weapon precursors bound for Iran.<ref name=":1" /> Although China denied the allegation, the United States unilaterally cut off the ''Yinhe''<nowiki/>'s GPS, causing it to lose direction and forcing it to anchor on the high seas for twenty-four days.<ref name=":1" /> The ''Yinhe'' ultimately agreed to an inspection which found no chemical weapon precursors.<ref name=":1" /> Despite China's request for a formal apology, the United States refused to apologize and refused to pay compensation.<ref name=":1" /> Despite the humiliation of the ''Yinhe'' incident, Jiang adopted a posture of diplomatic good will to the United States, including the sixteen-characters formula.<ref name=":1" />

Tensions also followed the [[United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade]] on May 7, 1999,<ref name=":10">{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503634152 |title=The Dragon Roars Back: Transformational Leaders and Dynamics of Chinese Foreign Policy |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3415-2 |pages=63–64|doi=10.1515/9781503634152 }}</ref> which the United States claimed occurred by mistake. The bombing created outrage among Chinese people, who did not accept the United States claim that the bombing was accidental.<ref name=":10" /> For several days, Beijing was rocked by massive anti-US demonstrations. Deeming the importance of the bilateral relationship too great to be harmed by the embassy bombing, President Jiang sought to calm the Chinese public outrage.<ref name=":10" />

==21st century==
Since its founding in 2000, the [[Forum on China–Africa Cooperation|Forum on China-Africa Cooperation]] (FOCAC) is the primary multi-lateral coordination mechanism between China and the African states.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Dawn C. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1249712936 |title=China's rise in the Global South : the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order |date=2022 |isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4 |location=Stanford, California |pages=56 |oclc=1249712936}}</ref> [[Chinese foreign aid]] is a significant area of interaction within FOCAC.<ref name=":4"/> Through FOCAC, China provides aid in the forms of debt forgiveness, aid grants, concessional loans, and interest-free loans.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Dawn C. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1249712936 |title=China's rise in the Global South : the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order |date=2022 |isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4 |location=Stanford, California |pages=84 |oclc=1249712936}}</ref>

In 2001, China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan began regular meetings under the auspices of the [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]].<ref name=":8" /> China takes a leadership role in the organization, which focuses on defeating the "three evils" of separatism, terrorism, and extremism.<ref name=":8" />

China was active in the [[Six-party talks|Six-Party talks]] in an effort to end North Korea's nuclear program in the early 2000s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1331741429 |title=The dragon roars back : transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3088-8 |location=Stanford, California |pages=71 |oclc=1331741429}}</ref> China hoped to play a lead role in developing the Six-Party Talks into a lasting multilateral security mechanism for northeast Asia, but ultimately the talks failed.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1331741429 |title=The dragon roars back : transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3088-8 |location=Stanford, California |pages=75 |oclc=1331741429}}</ref> China's efforts in the unsuccessful tasks nonetheless raised its international standing.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1331741429 |title=The dragon roars back : transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3088-8 |location=Stanford, California |pages=73–74 |oclc=1331741429}}</ref>

Founded in 2004, the [[China–Arab States Cooperation Forum|China-Arab States Cooperation Forum]] (CASCF) serves as the major multi-lateral cooperation mechanism between China and the Arab League states.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Dawn C. |title=China's Rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's Alternative World Order |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4 |location=Stanford, California |pages=56}}</ref>

In 2008, China revised its policies towards [[pariah state]]s, articulating a new view that it was "willing to condition its diplomatic protection of pariah countries, forcing them to become more acceptable to the international community.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1331741429 |title=The dragon roars back : transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy |date=2023 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3088-8 |location=Stanford, California |pages=76 |oclc=1331741429}}</ref>

Under [[Xi Jinping Administration]], China has adopted a new foreign policy doctrine called "Major Country Diplomacy" ({{lang-zh|大国外交}}) which has replaced the earlier Deng Xiaoping era slogan of "keep a low profile" ({{lang-zh|韬光养晦}}) and has legitimized a more active role for China on the world stage, particularly with regards to reform of the international order, engaging in open ideological competition with the West, and assuming a greater responsibility for global affairs in accordance with China's rising power and status.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Stephen |title=China's "Major Country Diplomacy" |url=https://academic.oup.com/fpa/article-abstract/17/2/orab002/6139347?redirectedFrom=fulltext |journal=Foreign Policy Analysis |date=16 February 2021 |doi=10.1093/fpa/orab002 |access-date=21 September 2021}}</ref> During the first five years of [[Chinese Communist Party]] [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party|general secretary]] [[Xi Jinping]]’s [[Xi Jinping Administration|leadership]] the budget for diplomacy doubled.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Loh |first1=Dylan M.H |title=Over here, overbearing: The origins of China's 'Wolf Warrior' style diplomacy |url=https://hongkongfp.com/2020/06/12/over-here-overbearing-the-origins-of-chinas-wolf-warrior-style-diplomacy/ |website=hongkongfp.com |publisher=hongkongfp.com |access-date=31 July 2020}}</ref>

The aggressive style of Chinese diplomacy which emerged in the 21st century has been termed “[[Wolf Warrior Diplomacy]]."<ref>{{cite web |last1=NAKAZAWA |first1=KATSUJI |title=China's 'wolf warrior' diplomats roar at Hong Kong and the world |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/China-up-close/China-s-wolf-warrior-diplomats-roar-at-Hong-Kong-and-the-world |website=nikkei.com |publisher=Nikkei Asia Review |access-date=27 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528002259/https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/China-up-close/China-s-wolf-warrior-diplomats-roar-at-Hong-Kong-and-the-world |archive-date=28 May 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Wu |first1=Wendy |title=Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi defends 'wolf warrior' diplomats for standing up to 'smears' |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3085856/chinese-foreign-minister-wang-yi-defends-wolf-warrior |website=www.scmp.com |publisher=SCMP |access-date=27 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527172149/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3085856/chinese-foreign-minister-wang-yi-defends-wolf-warrior |archive-date=27 May 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The phrase is derived from the patriotic Chinese movie ''[[Wolf Warrior]]'' and its sequel ''[[Wolf Warrior 2]]'', the film's tagline was "Even though a thousand miles away, anyone who affronts China will pay."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jiang |first1=Steven |last2=Westcott |first2=Ben |title=China is embracing a new brand of foreign policy. Here's what wolf warrior diplomacy means |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/28/asia/china-wolf-warrior-diplomacy-intl-hnk/index.html |website=www.cnn.com |publisher=CNN |access-date=30 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529120219/https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/28/asia/china-wolf-warrior-diplomacy-intl-hnk/index.html |archive-date=29 May 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Efforts aimed at incorporating Chinese diaspora into China's foreign policy have also intensified with an emphasis placed on ethnic loyalty over national loyalty.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wong |first1=Brian |title=How Chinese Nationalism Is Changing |url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/05/how-chinese-nationalism-is-changing/ |website=thediplomat.com |publisher=The Diplomat |access-date=30 May 2020}}</ref>

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Xi kept an extensive schedule of phone and video foreign meetings as part of his "cloud diplomacy" (云外交), which received prominent attention in Chinese media, similar to in-person foreign visits.<ref name=":22">{{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1346366969 |title=The Dragon Roars Back Transformational Leaders and Dynamics of Chinese Foreign Policy. |date=2022 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5036-3415-2 |location=Boston |pages=15 |oclc=1346366969}}</ref>

China has been criticized for its aggressive diplomatic response to the COVID-19 outbreak<ref>{{cite web |last1=Zhai |first1=Keith |last2=Lun Tien |first2=Yew |title=In China, a young diplomat rises as aggressive foreign policy takes root |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-diplomacy-insight/in-china-a-young-diplomat-rises-as-aggressive-foreign-policy-takes-root-idUSKBN21I0F8 |website=www.reuters.com |publisher=Reuters |access-date=2020-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422033042/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-diplomacy-insight/in-china-a-young-diplomat-rises-as-aggressive-foreign-policy-takes-root-idUSKBN21I0F8 |archive-date=2020-04-22 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bengali |first1=Shashank |title='Put on a mask and shut up': China's new 'Wolf Warriors' spread hoaxes and attack a world of critics |url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-05-04/wolf-warrior-diplomats-defend-china-handling-coronavirus |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=4 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505065423/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-05-04/wolf-warrior-diplomats-defend-china-handling-coronavirus |archive-date=5 May 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> which included spreading [[COVID-19 misinformation by China|misinformation]] about how other countries were handling the outbreak.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Palmer |first1=James |title=Why Chinese Embassies Have Embraced Aggressive Diplomacy |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/15/chinese-embassies-embrace-aggressive-diplomacy-coronavirus-pandemic-misinformation/ |website=foreignpolicy.com |publisher=Foreign Policy |access-date=4 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426115050/https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/15/chinese-embassies-embrace-aggressive-diplomacy-coronavirus-pandemic-misinformation/ |archive-date=26 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Social media===
Engagement on [[social media]] sites such as [[Facebook]] and [[Twitter]] has become an integral component of Chinese diplomacy.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Feng |first1=Zhaoyin |title=China and Twitter: The year China got louder on social media |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-50832915 |website=www.bbc.com |publisher=BBC |access-date=31 July 2020}}</ref> From April 2019 to April 2020 the output of Chinese diplomat's Twitter accounts increased fourfold.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scott |first1=Mark |title=Chinese diplomacy ramps up social media offensive in COVID-19 info war |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/china-disinformation-covid19-coronavirus/ |website=www.politico.eu |access-date=30 July 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|China}}
* [[International relations (1814–1919)]]
** [[Diplomatic history of World War I]]
** [[International relations (1919–1939)]]
** [[Diplomatic history of World War II]]
** [[Cold War]]
* [[China–United States relations]]
* [[History of Sino-Russian relations]]
* [[Ten Major Relationships]], Mao's policy speech of 1956
* [[Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China]]
**[[Foreign relations of Imperial China]]
** [[Foreign relations of Hong Kong]]
** [[Foreign relations of Macao]]
** [[Foreign relations of Taiwan]]

==Notes==
<references/>

==Further reading==
* Athwal, Amardeep. ''China-India Relations: Contemporary Dynamics'' (Routledge, 2007) [https://books.google.com/books?id=DLFgmgBhLZAC&dq=China+India&pg=PP1 online].
* Bickers, Robert. ''The Scramble for China: Foreign devils in the Qing empire, 1832-1914'' (Penguin, 2016). [http://www.royalasiaticsociety.org.cn/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/RAS.Journal2013.pdf#page=342 online review p 342ff]
* Bolt, Paul J., and Sharyl Cross. ''China, Russia, and Twenty-First Century Global Geopolitics'' (Oxford UP, 2018).
* Cole, Bernard d. ''China’s Quest For Great Power'' (Naval Institute Press, 2013), stress on military and naval power
* Dian, Matteo. ''Contested memories in Chinese and Japanese foreign policy'' (Elsevier, 2017). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Bky0DAAAQBAJ&pg=PP1 online]
* Garver, John W. ''China's quest: the history of the foreign relations of the people's Republic of China'' (2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2018), a major comprehensive scholarly history since 1945. [https://www.amazon.com/Chinas-Quest-History-Relations-Republic/dp/0190884355/ excerpt]
* Goh, Evelyn. ''The struggle for order: Hegemony, hierarchy, and transition in post-Cold War East Asia'' (Oxford UP, 2013).
* Kirby, William C. "The internationalization of China: Foreign relations at home and abroad in the Republican era." ''The China Quarterly'' 150 (1997): 433–458. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/655344 online]
* Mackerras, Colin. "Fifty Years of Australian Diplomatic Relations with China: Some Reflections." ''Asian Studies Review'' 47.1 (2023): 109–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2022.2135481
* Shambaugh, David. ''China Goes Global: The Partial Power'' (Oxford UP, 2013), its recent economic role in world affairs
* Sutter, Robert G. ''Chinese Foreign Relations: Power and Policy Since the Cold War''(3rd ed. Rowman & Littlefield, 2012)

===Relations with United States===
* Cohen, Warren I. ''America’s Response To China: A History Of Sino-American Relations'' (6th ed. Columbia UP, 2019) [https://archive.org/details/americasresponse0005edcohe_f5a5 2010 edition online]
* Garver, John W. ''China's quest: the history of the foreign relations of the people's Republic of China'' (2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2018), chapters 3, 9, 11, 21, 23, 24.
* MacMillan, Margaret. ''Nixon and Mao: the week that changed the world'' (Random House, 2008).
* Kirby, William C., et al. ''Normalization of US-China relations: an international history'' (Harvard University Asia Center Publications Program, 2005).
* Wang, Dong. ''The United States and China: A history from the eighteenth century to the present'' (Rowman & Littlefield, 2021).

{{Clear}}
{{Foreign relations of China}}
{{China topics|state=autocollapse}}
{{Foreign relations of Asia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Foreign Relations Of The People's Republic Of China}}
[[Category:History of the foreign relations of China| ]]

Václav Havel Airport Prague

2022-08-13T18:03:56Z

Tjmj:

{{Short description|International airport in Prague, Czech Republic}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox airport
|name = Václav Havel Airport Prague
|nativename = ''Letiště Václava Havla Praha''
|image = Prague airport logo czech.svg
|image-width = 225
|image2 = Prago-Ruzyně, flughaveno, el-aera vido, 7.jpeg
|image2-width = 250
|IATA = PRG
|ICAO = LKPR
|type = Public
|owner = [[Ministry of Finance (Czech Republic)|Ministry of Finance]]
|operator = Letiště Praha, Ltd.
|city-served = [[Prague]]
|location = [[Ruzyně]]
|opened = {{start date and years ago|df=y|1937|4|5}}
|hub =
<div>
* [[Czech Airlines]]
* [[Smartwings]]
</div>
|focus_city = <div>
* [[Eurowings]]
* [[Ryanair]]</div>
|timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc = [[UTC+01:00]]
|summer = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
|utcs = [[UTC+02:00]]
|elevation-f = 1,234
|coordinates = {{Coord|50.1018|N|14.2632|E|display=inline,title}}
|pushpin_map = Czech Republic Prague#Czech Republic
|pushpin_label = '''PRG'''
|website = [http://www.prg.aero/en/ prg.aero]
|r1-number = 06/24
|r1-length-m = 3,715
|r1-surface = Concrete
|metric-rwy = yes
|h1-number = FATO 1
|h1-length-m = 29
|h1-surface = Asphalt/Grass
|stat1-header = Passengers
|stat1-data = 17,804,900<ref name="ts2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.prg.aero/letiste-vaclava-havla-praha-odbavilo-za-rok-2019-rekordnich-178-milionu-cestujicich |title=Letiště Václava Havla Praha odbavilo za rok 2019 rekordních 17,8 milionů cestujících |access-date=16 January 2020 }}</ref><ref name="tr19">{{cite web|url=https://www.prg.aero/sites/default/files/obsah/B2B/Files/Statistics%20and%20reports/Prague%20Airport%20Traffic%20Reports/Traffic_report_1912_public.pdf |title=Traffic Report - December 2019 |access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>
|stat-year = 2019
|footnotes = Source: Czech [[Aeronautical Information Publication|AIP]] at the Air Navigation Services of the Czech Republic (ANS CR)<ref name="AIP">{{cite web|url=http://lis.rlp.cz/ais_data/aip/data/valid/a2-pr-txt1.pdf |title=AIP Czech Republic Praha/Ruzyně |access-date=2 April 2017 }}</ref>
|r2-number = 12/30
|r2-length-m = 3,250
|r2-surface = Concrete
|h2-number = FATO 2
|h2-length-m = 38
|h2-surface = Asphalt/Grass
|stat2-header = Passenger change 18-19
|stat2-data = {{increase}}6%
|stat3-header = Cargo
|stat3-data = 81,768 t
| stat4-header = Aircraft movements
| stat4-data = 154,777
}}

'''Václav Havel Airport Prague''' ({{lang-cs|Letiště Václava Havla Praha}}), formerly ''Prague Ruzyně International Airport'' ({{lang-cs|Mezinárodní letiště Praha-Ruzyně}}, {{IPA-cs|ˈpraɦa ˈruzɪɲɛ}}) {{airport codes|PRG|LKPR}}, is the [[international airport]] of [[Prague]], the capital of the [[Czech Republic]]. The airport was founded in 1937, when it replaced the [[Prague–Kbely Airport|Kbely Airport]] (founded in 1918). It was reconstructed and extended in 1956, 1968, 1997, and 2006. In 2012, it was renamed after the last president of [[Czechoslovakia]] and the first president of the Czech Republic, [[Václav Havel]]. It is located at the edge of the Prague-[[Ruzyně]] area, next to [[Kněževes (Prague-West District)|Kněževes]] village, {{convert|12|km|0|abbr=on}} west of the centre of [[Prague]]<ref name="AIP"/> and {{convert|12|km|0|abbr=on}} southeast of the city of [[Kladno]].

In 2018 it served around 17 million passengers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irozhlas.cz/ekonomika/letiste-vaclava-havla-praha-2019-terminal-2_1901051016_ako|title=Rekordní rok pro pražské letiště? Odbavit má přes 17 milionů lidí, otevře novou komerční zónu|website=iROZHLAS|language=cs|access-date=9 January 2019}}</ref> It serves as a hub for [[Czech Airlines]] and [[Smartwings]], and as a base for [[Ryanair]] and [[Eurowings]].

==History==
[[File:Ruzyně, staré letiště (04).jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Old control tower built in 1937 (rear view) – now part of Terminal 4]]
[[File:Eisenhower at Prague Airport 1945.jpg|thumb|left|Old control tower (front view) during the visit of [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] to Prague on 12 October 1945]]
Prague–Ruzyně Airport began operations on 5 April 1937,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prg.aero/en/history-vaclav-havel-airport-prague|title=History of Václav Havel Airport Prague|website=Vaclav Havel Airport Prague, Ruzyne|language=en|access-date=2020-01-30}}</ref> but Czechoslovak civil aviation history started at the military airport in Prague–[[Kbely]] in 1919. The [[Prague Aviation Museum, Kbely|Prague Aviation Museum]] is now found at Kbely Airport.

Due to insufficient capacity of Kbely Airport by the mid-1930s, the government decided to develop a new state civil airport in Ruzyně. {{Citation needed|date=March 2017}} One of the major awards Prague Ruzyně Airport received include Diploma and Gold Medal granted in 1937 at the occasion of the [[Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne|International Art and Technical Exhibition in Paris]] {{citation needed|date=March 2017}} (''Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne'' also known as ''Paris 1937 World's Fair'') for the technical conception of the central airport, primarily the architecture of the check-in building (nowadays known as Terminal 4) designed by architect Adolf Benš.<ref>[http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095459393 Oxford Index, from ''A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture in Oxford Reference'']. Retrieved 23 July 2017</ref>

In one of the most dramatic moments in its history, the airport was seized by Soviet paratroopers on the night of 20–21 August 1968, who then facilitated the landing of Soviet troops and transports for the invasion of Czechoslovakia.{{Citation needed|date=March 2017}}

Moreover, the Ruzyně fields provide opportunities for further expansion of the airport according to the increasing capacity demand. The airport serves as a hub of the trans-European airport network.

Political and economic changes have significantly influenced Prague–Ruzyně Airport's seventy year history. Some new air transportation companies and institutions were founded and some ceased operation since then. Ten entities have been responsible for airport administration over time, including the new construction and development. Until the 1990s, there were two or three-decade gaps before the major modernisation of Prague–Ruzyně Airport began to match the current capacity requirements. {{Citation needed|date=March 2017}}

The airport stood in for [[Miami International Airport]] in the 2006 [[James Bond in film|James Bond]] film [[Casino Royale (2006 film)|Casino Royale]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20121024-james-bonds-casino-royale|title=James Bond's Casino Royale|first=David G.|last=Allan|website=www.bbc.com}}</ref>

An online petition organised by one of the best-known Slovak film directors, Fero Fenič, calling on the government and the Parliament to rename Prague Ruzyně Airport to [[Václav Havel]] International Airport attracted – in just one week after 20 December 2011—the support of over 65,000 signatories both within and outside the Czech Republic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vaclavhavelairport.com/ |title=Letiště Václava Havla |website=Vaclavhavelairport.com |access-date=29 March 2017}}</ref> A rendition of the airport with the proposed [[Václav Havel]] name in the form of his signature followed by his typical heart symbol suffix was included in the blog's article in support of renaming of the airport.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.aktualne.centrum.cz/blogy/robert-miller.php?itemid=15109/ |title=Blogy a názory - Aktuálně.cz » Chyba! |website=Blog.aktualne.centrum.cz |access-date=29 March 2017}}</ref> This name change took place on 5 October 2012 on what would have been Havel's 76th birthday. However, the PRG name of the airport for IATA and ICAO will remain the same.

==Further development==
{{update|date=July 2021}}
[[File:View one the Prague Airport.jpg|thumb|220x220px|View on pier B (Terminal 1) and C (Terminal 2)]]
[[File:Prague Airport Terminal 1 - Arrivals.jpg|alt=|thumb|Terminal 1 of Prague Airport]]
As the capacity of the airport has been reaching its limit for the last couple of years (as of 2005),{{citation needed|date = December 2014}} further development of the airport is being considered. Besides regular repairs of the existing runways, Prague Airport ({{lang-cs|Letiště Praha s.p.}}) began the preparations for building a new runway, parallel to the 06/24 runway. The construction with estimated costs of [[Czech koruna|CZK]] 5–7 billion was scheduled to begin in 2007, and the new runway marked 06R/24L (also called the BIS runway) was to be put into service in 2010. However, because of many legal problems and the protests of people who live close to the airport premises, the construction has not yet begun. Despite these problems, the project has support from the government, and is expected to be completed by the end of 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prg.aero/en/prague-airport/parallel-runway/ |title=Parallel runway | Václav Havel Airport Prague, Ruzyně |website=Prg.aero |access-date=29 March 2017}}</ref>

It will be over {{convert|3500|m|0|abbr=on}} long. Located about {{convert|1500|m|abbr=on|0}} southeast of the present main runway, the 24L runway will be equipped with a category III [[Instrument Landing System|ILS]], allowing landing and taking off under bad weather conditions.

Prague Airport states that besides increasing the airport capacity, the new runway system will greatly reduce the noise level in some densely inhabited areas of Prague. This should be achieved by reorganising the air traffic space around the airport, and shifting the traffic corridors after putting the two parallel runways into service. The vision of heavy traffic raised many protests from the suburban communities directly surrounding the airport. On 6 November 2004, local [[referendum|referenda]] were held in two Prague suburbs – [[Nebušice]] and [[Přední Kopanina]] – giving official support to the local authorities for active opposition against the construction of the parallel runway.

The construction of a railway connection between the airport and Prague city centre is also in the planning stage. The track will be served by express trains with special fares, connecting non-stop the airport with the city centre, and local trains fully integrated into Prague integrated transit system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zpravy.idnes.cz/mfdnes.asp?v=036&r=mfpraha&c=1138513 |title=Předplatné MF DNES |website=Zpravy.idnes.cz |date=17 August 2009 |access-date=29 March 2017}}</ref>

=== General runway reconstruction ===
The main runway 06/24 was reconstructed from 2012 - 2013 due to poor technical conditions. During reconstruction, runway 12/30 was the only usable runway as runway 04/22 is closed permanently.<ref name="closed">{{cite web|url=http://lis.rlp.cz/ais_data/aip/data/valid/a2-pr-adc.pdf|title=Aerodrome Chart - ICAO|access-date=19 April 2020}}</ref> The runway reconstruction was originally planned for three stages. The first stage in 2012, the second stage in 2013 and the last stage in 2014. However, runway 12/30 (which would be used during the reconstruction of the main runway) is not equipped for low visibility landings as it offers only [[Instrument landing system|ILS]] CAT I landings. In addition, the approach path of runway 12/30 goes above high-density population areas (such as [[Prague 6]] and [[Kladno]]). Therefore, the second and the third stage of the runway reconstruction had to be merged so the works could be finished in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prg.aero/cs/o-letisti-praha/generalni-oprava/ |title=Generální oprava | Letiště Václava Havla Praha, Ruzyně |website=Prg.aero |access-date=29 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405190225/http://www.prg.aero/cs/o-letisti-praha/generalni-oprava/ |archive-date=5 April 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prg.aero/en/prague-airport/press-center/press-releases/main-runway-at-vaclav-havel-airport-prague-now-back-in-service/ |title=Main Runway at Václav Havel Airport Prague Now Back in Service | Václav Havel Airport Prague, Ruzyně |website=Prg.aero |date=30 September 2013 |access-date=29 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319110945/http://www.prg.aero/en/prague-airport/press-center/press-releases/main-runway-at-vaclav-havel-airport-prague-now-back-in-service/ |archive-date=19 March 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
[[File:PRG Airport Map.png|thumb|Airport Map]]
[[File:Prague Airport Terminal 2.jpg|alt=|thumb|Terminal 2 of Prague Airport]]

===Terminals===
Prague Airport has two main passenger terminals, two general aviation terminals, as well as a cargo facility. Most flights depart Prague Airport from the North Terminals (Terminal 1 and 2). The South Terminals (Terminal 3 and 4) handle a few irregular flights, as well as VIP flights, special flights and small aircraft.

* '''Terminal 1''' is used for flights outside the [[Schengen Area]]; it was opened in 1968 and rebuilt in 1997, it includes concourses A and B
* '''Terminal 2''' is used for flights within the Schengen area; it was opened on 17 January 2006, it includes concourses C and D
* '''Terminal 3''' is used for private and charter flights; it was opened in 1997
* '''Terminal 4''' is used exclusively for VIP flights and state visits; it is the oldest part of the airport which was opened on 5 April 1937.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jak se začalo létat z našeho největšího letiště a co ho čeká do budoucna |url=https://technet.idnes.cz/letiste-praha-ruzyne-1937-0st-/tec_technika.aspx?c=A170403_105025_tec_technika_erp |work=iDNES.cz |date=5 April 2017}}</ref>

There are also two freight terminals, ''Cargo Terminal 1'' is operated by Menzies Aviation Czech while ''Cargo Terminal 2'' is operated by Skyport.

===Runways===
The airport contains two [[runway]]s in service: 06/24 (till April 1993 07/25) and 12/30 (till May 2012 13/31). Former runway 04/22 is permanently closed for take-offs and landings and is used for taxiing and parking only.<ref name="AIP"/><ref name="closed"/> The most used runway is 24 due to the prevailing western winds. Runway 30 is also used often. Runway 06 is used rarely, while runway 12 is used only exceptionally.

===Operations===
The company operating the airport is Prague Airport (''Letiště Praha, a. s.''), a [[joint-stock company]] that has one shareholder, the [[Ministry of Finance (Czech Republic)|Ministry of Finance]]. The company was founded in February 2008, as part of a privatisation process involving the Airport Prague (''Správa Letiště Praha, s.p.'') state enterprise. This action was in accordance with the Czech Republic Government Memorandum Nr. 888, which had been passed on 9 July 2008. On 1 December 2008, Prague Airport took all rights and duties formerly held by Správa Letiště Praha, s.p., and Prague Airports took all business authorisations, certificates, employees, and licenses from the former company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prg.aero/en/prague-airport/about-airport/ |title=About us | Václav Havel Airport Prague, Ruzyně |website=Prg.aero |date=1 December 2008 |access-date=29 March 2017}}</ref> The head office of Prague Airport is in [[Prague 6]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prg.aero/en/prague-airport/contacts/ |title=Contacts | Václav Havel Airport Prague, Ruzyně |website=Prg.aero |access-date=29 March 2017}}</ref> The former state-owned enterprise had its head office on the airport property.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prg.aero/en/site/airport/o_spolecnosti/in_zakladni.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060814002316/http://www.prg.aero/en/site/airport/o_spolecnosti/in_zakladni.htm |archive-date=14 August 2006 |title=Airport Prague - Basic information |date=14 August 2006 |access-date=29 March 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prg.aero/cs/site/airport/o_spolecnosti/in_zakladni.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060829204605/http://www.prg.aero/cs/site/airport/o_spolecnosti/in_zakladni.htm |archive-date=29 August 2006 |title=Letiště Praha, s.p. - Základní informace |date=29 August 2006 |access-date=29 March 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{clear}}

==Airlines and destinations==
===Passenger===
The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at Prague Airport:


{{Airport-dest-list

|[[Aegean Airlines]] | [[Athens International Airport|Athens]]

|[[Aer Lingus]] | [[Dublin Airport|Dublin]]

|[[Aeroflot]] | [[Sheremetyevo International Airport|Moscow–Sheremetyevo]] (suspended){{cn|date=July 2022}}

|[[airBaltic]] | [[Riga International Airport|Riga]]

|[[Air Cairo]] | [[Hurghada International Airport|Hurghada]]

|[[Air France]] | [[Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport|Lyon]], [[Charles de Gaulle Airport|Paris–Charles de Gaulle]]

|[[Air Malta]] | [[Malta International Airport|Malta]]

|[[Air Montenegro]] | '''Seasonal:''' [[Tivat Airport|Tivat]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://flyondrej.eu/zpravy/air-montenegro-praha-tivat-linka/|title=Air Montenegro nová linka Praha – Tivat |date=4 February 2022 |publisher=flyondrej.eu |access-date=4 February 2022}}</ref>

|[[Air Serbia]] | [[Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport|Belgrade]]

|[[Arkia]] | '''Seasonal:''' [[Ben Gurion Airport|Tel Aviv]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Arkia Israeli Airlines nabídnou na podzim lety do Prahy|url=https://www.airways.cz/zprava/arkia-israeli-airlines-nabidnou-na-podzim-lety-do- |website=airways.cz |access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref>

|[[Austrian Airlines]] | [[Vienna International Airport|Vienna]]

|[[Azerbaijan Airlines]] | '''Seasonal:''' [[Heydar Aliyev International Airport|Baku]]

|[[Blue Air]] | [[Henri Coandă International Airport|Bucharest]], [[Iași International Airport|Iași]] (begins 30 March 2023)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boardingpass.ro/blue-air-intentioneaza-sa-opereze-25-de-rute-de-la-iasi-in-2023/ |title=Blue Air: vom opera 13 de rute de la IaČ™i ĂŽn 2022 Č™i 25 de rute ĂŽn 2023 |publisher=Boardingpass.ro |date=2019-09-21 |accessdate=2022-05-07}}</ref>

|[[Bluebird Airways]] | [[Ben Gurion Airport|Tel Aviv]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bluebirdair.com/|title=Bluebird Airways - Cheap Direct Flights and Travel Deals|website=www.bluebirdair.com}}</ref>

|[[British Airways]] | [[Heathrow Airport|London–Heathrow]] '''Seasonal:''' [[London City Airport|London–City]]

|[[Brussels Airlines]] | [[Brussels Airport|Brussels]]

|[[Bulgaria Air]] | [[Sofia Airport|Sofia]]

|[[Corendon Airlines]] | '''Seasonal charter:''' [[Antalya Airport|Antalya]]

|[[Croatia Airlines]] | '''Seasonal:''' [[Split Airport|Split]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Croatia Airlines otevře novou linku z Prahy do Splitu|url=https://flyondrej.eu/zpravy/croatia-airlines-nova-linka-praha-split/ |website=flyondrej.eu |date=3 May 2021 |access-date=3 May 2021}}</ref>

|[[Czech Airlines]]<ref>[https://www.csa.cz/gb-en/destinations/ csa.cz - Destinations] retrieved 16 June 2022</ref><ref name=CSA>{{cite web | url=https://aeroroutes.com/eng/220518-okjun22 | title=CSA Czech Airlines Downsizes Scheduled Service to 3 Routes by June 2022 }}</ref> | [[Hurghada International Airport|Hurghada]], [[Charles de Gaulle Airport|Paris–Charles de Gaulle]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Keflavík International Airport|Reykjavík–Keflavík]]

|[[Delta Air Lines]] |'''Seasonal:''' [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York–JFK]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.traveldailynews.com/post/delta-air-lines-to-resume-direct-air-connection-with-prague|title=Delta Air Lines to resume direct air connection with Prague|website=TravelDailyNews International}}</ref>

|[[easyJet]] | [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam]], [[EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg|Basel/Mulhouse]], [[Bristol Airport|Bristol]], [[Edinburgh Airport|Edinburgh]], [[Geneva Airport|Geneva]], [[Gatwick Airport|London–Gatwick]], [[Luton Airport|London–Luton]], [[Manchester Airport|Manchester]], [[Milan Malpensa Airport|Milan–Malpensa]], [[Naples International Airport|Naples]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Porto Airport|Porto]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://happyfly.cz/easyjet-otevre-novou-linku-praha-porto/|title=easyJet otevře novou linku z Prahy do Porta|publisher=happyfly.cz|access-date=16 March 2022}}</ref>

|[[EgyptAir]] | '''Seasonal:''' [[Hurghada International Airport|Hurghada]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Casey|first1=David|title=50 new routes starting in May 2021|url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/29/breaking-news/295781/50-new-routes-starting-in-may-2021/|website=Routesonline|date=4 May 2021}}</ref>

|[[El Al]] | [[Ben Gurion Airport|Tel Aviv]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Israel's El Al to drop UP budget brand|url=https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/63062-israels-el-al-to-drop-up-budget-brand|website=ch-aviation.com|access-date=7 January 2018}}</ref>

|[[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]] | [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai–International]]

|[[Eurowings]] | [[Athens International Airport|Athens]], [[Josep Tarradellas Barcelona–El Prat Airport|Barcelona]], [[Birmingham Airport|Birmingham]], [[Cologne Bonn Airport|Cologne/Bonn]], [[Copenhagen Airport|Copenhagen]], [[Düsseldorf Airport|Düsseldorf]], [[Fuerteventura Airport|Fuerteventura]], [[Madeira Airport|Funchal]] (begins 30 October 2022), [[Hurghada International Airport|Hurghada]] (begins 5 November 2022),<ref name="EurowingsAdditions">{{cite web|url=https://aeroroutes.com/eng/220718-ewnw22af|title=EUROWINGS NW22 NORTH AFRICA SERVICE ADDITIONS|publisher=Aeroroutes|date=18 July 2022|access-date=18 July 2022}}</ref> [[Málaga Airport|Málaga]], [[Marsa Alam International Airport|Marsa Alam]] (begins 5 November 2022),<ref name="EurowingsAdditions"/> [[Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport|Rome–Fiumicino]], [[Oslo Airport, Gardermoen|Oslo]] (begins 30 October 2022), [[Stockholm Arlanda Airport|Stockholm–Arlanda]], [[Tenerife South Airport|Tenerife–South]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Eurowings zveřejnil letový řád z Prahy|url=https://flyondrej.eu/zpravy/eurowings-zverejnil-letovy-rad-z-prahy/|website=flyondrej.eu|date=21 June 2021|access-date=21 June 2021}}</ref> '''Seasonal:''' [[Alicante Airport|Alicante]],<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.aviation24.be/airports/prague-airport-prg/eurowings-expands-in-prague-with-new-summer-destinations-for-2022/|title=Eurowings expands in Prague with new summer destinations for 2022|date=2 November 2021}}</ref> [[Faro Airport|Faro]],<ref name="auto"/> [[Heraklion International Airport|Heraklion]],<ref name="auto2">https://www.eurowings.com/en/discover/destinations/new-routes.html {{Bare URL inline|date=May 2022}}</ref> [[Larnaca International Airport|Larnaca]],<ref name="auto2"/> [[Mykonos Airport|Mykonos]],<ref name="auto2"/> [[Palma de Mallorca Airport|Palma de Mallorca]]<ref name="auto"/>

|[[Finnair]] | [[Helsinki Airport|Helsinki]]

|[[flydubai]] | [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai–International]]

|[[flynas]] | '''Seasonal:''' [[King Khalid International Airport|Riyadh]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://flyondrej.eu/zpravy/flynas-nova-linka-praha-rijad-2/|title=Aerolinka Flynas nahrála linku Praha – Rijád do systému|date=February 2022|publisher=flyondrej.eu|access-date=1 February 2022}}</ref>

|[[Iberia (airline)|Iberia]] | [[Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport|Madrid]]

|[[Israir Airlines]] | '''Seasonal:''' [[Ben Gurion Airport|Tel Aviv]]

|[[Jazeera Airways]] | '''Seasonal:''' [[Kuwait City International Airport|Kuwait City]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ceetransport.com/jazeera-airways-to-start-prague-kuwait-route-577/ | title=Jazeera Airways to start Prague - Kuwait route | date=4 April 2022 }}</ref>

|[[Jet2.com]]<ref>https://www.jet2.com/en/flights/czech-republic/prague {{Bare URL inline|date=May 2022}}</ref>| [[Birmingham Airport|Birmingham]], [[Leeds Bradford Airport|Leeds/Bradford]], [[Manchester Airport|Manchester]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Belfast International Airport|Belfast–International]],<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://www.lancs.live/news/lancashire-news/eight-european-christmas-market-holidays-19984175|title=Eight European Christmas Market holidays unveiled by Jet2 for post-pandemic trips|website=lancs.live|date=7 March 2021|accessdate=14 July 2021}}</ref> [[East Midlands Airport|East Midlands]],<ref name="auto1"/> [[Glasgow Airport|Glasgow]], [[Newcastle International Airport|Newcastle upon Tyne]]

|[[KLM]] | [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam]]

|[[Korean Air]] | [[Incheon International Airport|Seoul–Incheon]]

|[[LOT Polish Airlines]] | [[Warsaw Chopin Airport|Warsaw–Chopin]] '''Seasonal charter:''' [[Krabi International Airport|Krabi]] (begins 7 January 2023), [[Velana International Airport|Malé]],<ref name="auto5">{{cite web|title=@flylot boeing 787 starts cooperation with @cdcedok. will operate flights to Maldives, Zanzibar and Dominican Republic|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CVgH-79MwO3/|website=ch-aviation.com|access-date=27 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{cite web|title=Tour schedule|url=https://www.cedok.cz/|access-date=27 October 2021}}</ref> [[Fascene Airport|Nosy Be]] (begins 24 September 2022), [[Punta Cana International Airport|Punta Cana]],<ref name="auto5"/><ref name="auto3"/> [[Abeid Amani Karume International Airport|Zanzibar]]<ref name="auto5"/><ref name="auto3"/>

|[[Lufthansa]] | [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]], [[Munich Airport|Munich]]

|[[Luxair]] | [[Luxembourg Airport|Luxembourg]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/251582/luxair-resumes-prague-service-from-late-mar-2016/|title=Luxair Resumes Prague Service from late-Mar 2016|website=Routesonline.com|access-date=29 March 2017}}</ref>

|[[Norwegian Air Shuttle]] | [[Copenhagen Airport|Copenhagen]], [[Oslo Airport, Gardermoen|Oslo]], [[Stockholm Arlanda Airport|Stockholm–Arlanda]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Stavanger Airport, Sola|Stavanger]]

|[[Nouvelair]] | '''Seasonal charter:''' [[Monastir Habib Bourguiba International Airport|Monastir]]

|[[Pegasus Airlines]] | [[Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport|Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceskoturecko.cz/pegasus-konecne-vleti-na-linku-praha-istanbul//Pegasus|title=Pegasus ještě nezačal létat a již fvyvolal rozruch|author=Milan Hnátek|work=ČeskoTurecko.cz|date=22 April 2014}}</ref>

|[[Play (airline)|PLAY]] | '''Seasonal:''' [[Keflavík International Airport|Reykjavík–Keflavík]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://flyondrej.eu/zpravy/aerolinka-play-praha-island-nova-linka/|title=Aerolinka Play bude létat z Prahy na Island| date=10 November 2021 |publisher=flyondrej.eu|access-date=10 November 2021}}</ref>

|[[Qatar Airways]] | [[Hamad International Airport|Doha]]<ref>https://www.qatarairways.com/en/press-releases/2017/July/qatar-airways-accelerates-its-global-expansion-with-the-launch-o.html?activeTag=Press-releases# {{Bare URL inline|date=May 2022}}</ref>

| [[Ryanair]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ryanair.com/gb/en/timetable|title=Book cheap flights using Fare Finder | Ryanair|website=www.ryanair.com}}</ref> | [[Queen Alia International Airport|Amman–Queen Alia]], [[Josep Tarradellas Barcelona–El Prat Airport|Barcelona]], [[Bari Karol Wojtyła Airport|Bari]], [[Orio al Serio International Airport|Bergamo]], [[Billund Airport|Billund]], [[Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport|Bologna]], [[Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport|Bordeaux]], [[Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport|Budapest]], [[Brussels South Charleroi Airport|Charleroi]], [[Copenhagen Airport|Copenhagen]], [[Dublin Airport|Dublin]], [[Edinburgh Airport|Edinburgh]], [[Göteborg Landvetter Airport|Gothenburg]], [[Košice International Airport|Košice]], [[Kraków John Paul II International Airport|Kraków]], [[London Stansted Airport|London–Stansted]], [[Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport|Madrid]], [[Manchester Airport|Manchester]], [[Marseille Provence Airport|Marseille]], [[Naples International Airport|Naples]], [[Palma de Mallorca Airport|Palma de Mallorca]], [[Pisa International Airport|Pisa]], [[Riga International Airport|Riga]], [[Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport|Rome–Fiumicino]],<ref name="auto4">{{cite web|url=https://www.ryanair.com/gb/en|title=Ryanair}}</ref> [[Treviso Airport|Treviso]], [[Turin Airport|Turin]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ryanair.com/gb/en/ |title=Rayanir website |website=Ryanair.com}} {{nonspecific|date=June 2022}}</ref> [[Warsaw Modlin Airport|Warsaw–Modlin]]<ref name="auto4"/> '''Seasonal: ''' [[Beauvais Airport|Beauvais]], [[Corfu International Airport|Corfu]], [[Abruzzo Airport|Pescara]], [[Rhodes International Airport|Rhodes]], [[Zadar Airport|Zadar]]

|[[Salam Air]] | [[Muscat International Airport|Muscat]] (begins 2 November 2022),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofoman.com/article/117525-salamair-to-launch-direct-flights-to-5-new-destinations/ | title=SalamAir to launch direct flights to 5 new destinations }}</ref> [[Salalah International Airport|Salalah]] (begins 4 November 2022)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofoman.com/article/117525-salamair-to-launch-direct-flights-to-5-new-destinations/ | title=SalamAir to launch direct flights to 5 new destinations }}</ref>

|[[Scandinavian Airlines]] | [[Copenhagen Airport|Copenhagen]], [[Oslo Airport, Gardermoen|Oslo]], [[Stockholm Arlanda Airport|Stockholm–Arlanda]]

|[[Smartwings]]<ref name="Smartwings">{{cite web|url=https://www.smartwings.com/en/travel-info/flight-schedule/|title=Flight schedule|publisher=smartwings.com}}</ref> | [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai–International]], [[Fuerteventura Airport|Fuerteventura]], [[Gran Canaria Airport|Gran Canaria]], [[Lanzarote Airport|Lanzarote]], [[Málaga Airport|Málaga]], [[Marsa Alam International Airport|Marsa Alam]], [[Palma de Mallorca Airport|Palma de Mallorca]], [[Split Airport|Split]], [[Ben Gurion Airport|Tel Aviv]], [[Tenerife South Airport|Tenerife–South]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Almería Airport|Almería]], [[Antalya Airport|Antalya]], [[Burgas Airport|Burgas]], [[Cagliari Elmas Airport|Cagliari]], [[Catania–Fontanarossa Airport|Catania]], [[Chania International Airport|Chania]], [[Corfu International Airport|Corfu]], [[Cristiano Ronaldo International Airport|Funchal]], [[Heraklion International Airport|Heraklion]], [[Karpathos Island National Airport|Karpathos]], [[Kefalonia International Airport|Kefalonia]], [[Kos International Airport|Kos]], [[Lamezia Terme International Airport|Lamezia Terme]], [[Larnaca International Airport|Larnaca]], [[Menorca Airport|Menorca]], [[Región de Murcia International Airport|Murcia]], [[Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport|Olbia]], [[Aktion National Airport|Preveza/Lefkada]], [[Rhodes International Airport|Rhodes]], [[Samos International Airport|Samos]], [[Santorini (Thira) International Airport|Santorini]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smartwings.com/en/we-are-adding-santorini-as-a-new-destination|title=Fly with us to Santorini | Smartwings|first=Jakub|last=Pavelka|website=Smartwings a.s.}}</ref> [[Thessaloniki Airport|Thessaloniki]], [[Tirana International Airport Nënë Tereza|Tirana]], [[Valencia Airport|Valencia]], [[Varna Airport|Varna]], [[Zakynthos International Airport|Zakynthos]] '''Seasonal charter:''' [[Agadir–Al Massira Airport|Agadir]], [[Aristides Pereira International Airport|Boa Vista]], [[Milas–Bodrum Airport|Bodrum]], [[Blaise Diagne International Airport|Dakar]], [[Dalaman Airport|Dalaman]], [[Djerba–Zarzis International Airport|Djerba]], [[Enfidha–Hammamet International Airport|Enfidha]], [[Ibiza Airport|Ibiza]], [[İzmir Adnan Menderes Airport|Izmir]], [[Kavala International Airport|Kavala]], [[Lemnos International Airport|Lemnos]], [[Marsa Matruh International Airport|Mersa Matruh]] (begins 4 August 2022), [[Monastir Habib Bourguiba International Airport|Monastir]], [[Muscat International Airport|Muscat]] (begins 24 October 2022), [[Angads Airport|Oujda]], [[Ras Al Khaimah International Airport|Ras Al Khaimah]], [[Amílcar Cabral International Airport|Sal]], [[Salalah International Airport|Salalah]], [[Sharm el Sheikh International Airport|Sharm el Sheikh]], [[Skiathos International Airport|Skiathos]], [[Taba International Airport|Taba]]

|[[SunExpress]] | [[Antalya Airport|Antalya]] '''Seasonal:''' [[İzmir Adnan Menderes Airport|Izmir]]<ref name="Sun">{{cite web |last1=Liu |first1=Jim |title=SunExpress S20 network additions as of 22OCT19 |url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/287072/sunexpress-s20-network-additions-as-of-22oct19/ |website=Routesonline |access-date=23 October 2019}}</ref>

|[[Swiss International Air Lines]] |[[Geneva Airport|Geneva]], [[Zurich Airport|Zürich]]

|[[TAP Air Portugal]] | [[Lisbon Airport|Lisbon]]

|[[TAROM]] | [[Henri Coandă International Airport|Bucharest]]

|[[Transavia]] | [[Eindhoven Airport|Eindhoven]], [[Orly Airport|Paris–Orly]]

|[[Tunisair]] | '''Seasonal:''' [[Tunis–Carthage International Airport|Tunis]]

|[[Turkish Airlines]] | [[Istanbul Airport|Istanbul]]

|{{nowrap|[[Ukraine International Airlines]]}} | [[Boryspil International Airport|Kyiv–Boryspil]] (suspended)

|[[United Airlines]] | '''Seasonal:''' [[Newark International Airport|Newark]] (resumes 25 May 2023)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://simpleflying.com/united-stockholm-prague-return-washington-start/ | title=United to Return to Prague & Stockholm While Starting Washington-Berlin Flights | date=21 July 2022 }}</ref>

|[[Uzbekistan Airways]] | '''Seasonal charter:''' [[Islam Karimov Tashkent International Airport|Tashkent]]

|[[Volotea]] | [[Nantes Atlantique Airport|Nantes]] '''Seasonal:''' [[Cagliari Elmas Airport|Cagliari]], [[Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport|Lyon]], [[Toulouse–Blagnac Airport|Toulouse]]

|[[Vueling]] | [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Vueling nová linka z Prahy do Amsterdamu|url=https://flyondrej.eu/zpravy/vueling-nova-linka-praha-amsterdam/ |website=flyondrej.eu |date=21 October 2021 |access-date=21 October 2021}}</ref> [[Josep Tarradellas Barcelona–El Prat Airport|Barcelona]], [[Florence Airport|Florence]], [[Orly Airport|Paris–Orly]]<ref>https://www.vueling.com/en/book-your-flight/flight-timetables {{Bare URL inline|date=May 2022}}</ref>

|[[Wizz Air]] | [[Bari Karol Wojtyła Airport|Bari]], [[Catania Airport|Catania]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://italiavola.com/2021/05/12/wizz-apre-nuove-rotte-da-catania-lancia-abu-dhabi-tel-aviv-praga-torino-e-altre-due-rotte/|title=Wizz apre nuove rotte da Catania. Lancia Abu Dhabi, Tel Aviv, Praga, Torino e altre due rotte|date=12 May 2021}}</ref> [[Chișinău International Airport|Chișinău]] (resumes 7 September 2022), [[Iași International Airport|Iași]], [[David the Builder Kutaisi International Airport|Kutaisi]], [[Larnaca International Airport|Larnaca]], [[London Luton Airport|London–Luton]] (begins 30 October 2022),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://zaletsi.cz/wizz-air-se-vraci-na-linku-z-prahy-do-londyna-luton/ | title=Wizz Air se vrací na linku z Prahy do Londýna (Luton) | date=28 July 2022 }}</ref> [[Milan Malpensa Airport|Milan–Malpensa]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://italiavola.com/2021/12/21/wizzair-lancia-altre-rotte-per-lestate/|title=Wizzair : lancia altre rotte per l'estate|date=21 December 2021}}</ref> [[Naples International Airport|Naples]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wizzair.com/|title=WIZZ – Dream more. Live more. Be more.|website=wizzair.com}}</ref> [[Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport|Rome–Fiumicino]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Maďarský lowcost Wizz Air otevře novou linku z Prahy do Říma|url=https://flyondrej.eu/zpravy/wizz-air-nova-linka-praha-rim/ |website=flyondrej.eu |date=13 May 2021 |access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref> [[Varna Airport|Varna]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.novinite.com/articles/204840/Wizz+Air+with+Two+New+Routes%3A+Sofia+-+Frankfurt+and+Varna+-+Prague|title=Wizz Air with Two New Routes: Sofia - Frankfurt and Varna - Prague - Novinite.com - Sofia News Agency|website=www.novinite.com}}</ref> [[Venice Marco Polo Airport|Venice]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://italiavola.com/2021/10/06/wizz-apre-base-a-venezia-nellestate-2022/|title=Wizz apre base a Venezia nell'estate 2022|date=6 October 2021}}</ref> '''Seasonal:''' [[Palermo Airport|Palermo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://italiavola.com/2021/12/21/wizzair-apre-la-palermo-praga/|title=Wizzair apre la Palermo – Praga|date=21 December 2021}}</ref>

}}

===Cargo===
{{Airport destination list

|[[Qatar Airways Cargo]]<ref name="qrcargo.com">[http://www.qrcargo.com/docs/07.Summer%2019%20Freighter%20Schedule%20Issue%207%20-%20Effective%201st%20October%202019%20to%2026th%20October%202019.pdf qrcargo.com] retrieved 24 July 2020</ref> | [[Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport|Budapest]], [[Hamad International Airport|Doha]]

|[[Turkish Cargo]]<ref>[https://www.turkishcargo.com.tr/en/online-services/flight-schedule turkishcargo.com - Flight Schedule] retrieved 24 July 2020</ref> | [[Istanbul Airport|Istanbul]], [[Vilnius Airport|Vilnius]]

|[[UPS Airlines]]<ref>[https://www.airlineroutemaps.com/maps/UPS_United_Parcel_Service/Europe airlineroutemaps.com - UPS] retrieved 24 July 2020</ref> | [[Cologne Bonn Airport|Cologne/Bonn]]

}}

==Statistics==
[[File:Arrivals, Ruzyně (7871112218).jpg|thumb|Preserved [[Aero Ae-45]] in Prague Airport Terminal 1]]
{{Airport-Statistics|iata=PRG}}

===Annual passenger numbers===
{|class="toccolours sortable" style="padding:0.5em;font-size: 87.5%"
|-
! | {{center|Year}}
! | {{center|Passengers handled{{efn|1=Number of passengers including domestic, international and transit}}}}
! | {{center|Passenger % Change}}
! | {{center|Cargo (tonnes)}}
! | {{center|Cargo % Change}}
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2001<ref name=ar05/>||6,098,742|| ||29,571||
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2002<ref name=ar02>{{cite web |url=http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.4/0/44C6F8B0170C099EF304B2524781485F/resource.pdf |title=Airport: Prague-Ruzyne, NUMBER OF AIRCRAFT MOVEMENTS |website=Prg.aero |access-date=30 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316180602/http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.4/0/44C6F8B0170C099EF304B2524781485F/resource.pdf |archive-date=16 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>||6,314,653||{{increase}}||34,829||{{increase}}
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2003<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.4/0/B0D033BC0756285D6F2B01C3CE5F8679/resource.pdf |title=Airport: Praha-Ruzyne NUMBER OF AIRCRAFT MOVEMENTS |website=Prg.aero |access-date=30 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316185407/http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.4/0/B0D033BC0756285D6F2B01C3CE5F8679/resource.pdf |archive-date=16 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>||7,463,120||{{increase}}||41,440||{{increase}}
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2004<ref name=ar05/>||9,696,413||{{increase}}||46,885||{{increase}}
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2005<ref name=ar05>{{cite web |url=http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.4/0/6E13252AABDDF3F3A19DB611861C2F64/resource.pdf |title=Airport: Praha-Ruzyne NUMBER OF PASSENGERS |website=Prg.aero |access-date=29 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316215439/http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.4/0/6E13252AABDDF3F3A19DB611861C2F64/resource.pdf |archive-date=16 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>||10,777,020||{{increase}}||46,002||{{decrease}}
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2006<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.4/0/F0A5C978B8E36AA49C6F31AB2217343A/resource.pdf |title=Prague Airport Traffic Report 2006 |website=Prg.aero |access-date=29 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321083238/http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/contents.4/0/f0a5c978b8e36aa49c6f31ab2217343a/resource.pdf |archive-date=21 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>||11,581,511||{{increase}}7.46||54,972||{{increase}}6.27
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2007<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.4/0/FAFF7D070B453E6FA1C73D9502FB408C/resource.pdf |title=Prague Airport Traffic Report 2007 |website=Prg.aero |access-date=29 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316205244/http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.4/0/FAFF7D070B453E6FA1C73D9502FB408C/resource.pdf |archive-date=16 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>||12,436,254||{{increase}}7.38||55,179||{{increase}}0.38
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.4/0/65E9A6C8E0D4D30CD345A479D18BF250/resource.pdf|title=Prague Airport Traffic Report 2008|website=Prg.aero|access-date=29 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104032418/http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.4/0/65E9A6C8E0D4D30CD345A479D18BF250/resource.pdf|archive-date=4 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>||12,630,557||{{increase}}1.56||47,870||{{decrease}}-13.25
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2009<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.4/0/9F38A0D526956CB4CB6AAA7F8B502ED1/resource.pdf |title=Prague Airport Traffic Report 2009 |website=Prg.aero |access-date=29 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822140115/http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.4/0/9F38A0D526956CB4CB6AAA7F8B502ED1/resource.pdf |archive-date=22 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>||11,643,366||{{decrease}}-7.82||42,476||{{decrease}}-11.27
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.4/0/1E337BD5BC2CA67277EF768858778166/resource.pdf|title=Prague Airport Traffic Report 2010|website=Prg.aero|access-date=29 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316211231/http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.4/0/1E337BD5BC2CA67277EF768858778166/resource.pdf|archive-date=16 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>||11,556,858||{{decrease}}-0.74||58,275||{{increase}}37.19
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.4/0/98608081C43DE3180A42573FE2038AEE/resource.pdf |title=Prague Airport Traffic Report 2011 |website=Prg.aero |access-date=29 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104034820/http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.4/0/98608081C43DE3180A42573FE2038AEE/resource.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>||11,788,629||{{increase}}2.01||62,688||{{increase}}7.57
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2012<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.4/0/18C06725D35561C64C9381EF72A3378F/resource.pdf|title=Prague Airport Traffic Report 2012|website=Prg.aero|access-date=29 March 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317201157/http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/contents.4/0/18c06725d35561c64c9381ef72a3378f/resource.pdf|archive-date=17 March 2016}}</ref>||10,807,890||{{decrease}}-8.32||52,977||{{decrease}}-15.49
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2013<ref name=tr13>{{cite web |url=http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.4/0/A621C2BE03AAB48A552F0CEDF83D7A73/resource.pdf |title=Prague Airport Traffic Report 2013 |website=Prg.aero |access-date=29 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317101541/http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/contents.4/0/a621c2be03aab48a552f0cedf83d7a73/resource.pdf |archive-date=17 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>||10,974,196||{{increase}}1.54||51,902||{{decrease}}-2.03
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2014<ref name=tr14>{{cite web |url=http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.2/0/0BAB14AFB5EC185C5DC5C3D6DD3BF0C4/resource.pdf |title=Prague Airport Traffic Report December 2014 |website=Prg.aero |access-date=29 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316205339/http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.2/0/0BAB14AFB5EC185C5DC5C3D6DD3BF0C4/resource.pdf |archive-date=16 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>||11,149,926||{{increase}}1.60||50,897||{{decrease}}-1.93
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2015<ref name=tr15>{{cite web |url=http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.2/0/37679C3FB1FFAD5FD274BA49D56647FE/resource.pdf |title=Prague Airport Traffic Report December 2015 |website=Prg.aero |access-date=29 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011120149/http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.2/0/37679C3FB1FFAD5FD274BA49D56647FE/resource.pdf |archive-date=11 October 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>||12,030,928||{{increase}}7.90||50,595||{{decrease}}-0.59
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2016<ref name=tr16>{{cite web |url=http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.2/0/A2B0D327F8F50E2482127BCF77DC38B7/resource.pdf |title=Prague Airport Traffic Report December 2016 |website=Prg.aero |access-date=29 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201235115/http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.2/0/A2B0D327F8F50E2482127BCF77DC38B7/resource.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>||13,074,517||{{increase}}8.67||71,091||{{increase}}40.51
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2017<ref name="tr17">{{cite web|url=http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.2/0/199BADAF4D626E8E97DE7E802DAE26B7/resource.pdf|title=Prague Airport Traffic Reports | Václav Havel Airport Prague, Ruzyně|website=prg.aero|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924044847/http://www.prg.aero/en/business-section/aviation-business/statistics-and-reports/prague-airport-traffic-reports/Contents.2/0/199BADAF4D626E8E97DE7E802DAE26B7/resource.pdf|archive-date=24 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>||15,415,001||{{increase}}17.9||81,879||{{increase}}15.18
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prg.aero/sites/default/files/obsah/B2B/Files/News/Traffic_report_1812_public.pdf|title=Traffic Report - December 2018|website=Prague Airport|access-date=28 January 2019}}</ref>||16,797,006||{{increase}}8.97||80,915|| {{decrease}}-1.18
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2019<ref name="ts2019"/><ref name="tr19"/>||17,804,900||{{increase}}6.00|| 81,768 || {{increase}}1.05
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2020<ref name="tr2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.prg.aero/en/prague-airport-handles-nearly-3-7-million-passengers-2020|title=Prague Airport Traffic Reports 2020; Václav Havel Airport Prague, Ruzyně|website=prg.aero}}</ref>||3,665,871||{{decrease}}79.40|| 52,442 || {{decrease}}-35,86
|- style="background:#eee;"
|2021<ref name="tr2021">{{cite web|url=https://www.prg.aero/en/prague-airport-handles-nearly-44-million-passengers-2021|title=Prague Airport Traffic Reports 2021; Václav Havel Airport Prague, Ruzyně|website=prg.aero}}</ref>||4,388,826||{{increase}}19.72|| -- || --
|}
It was the [[busiest airports in Europe by passenger traffic|35th busiest]] airport in [[Europe]] in 2019 and the [[busiest airports in Europe by passenger traffic|second busiest]] (after [[Warsaw Chopin Airport]]) in the [[2004 enlargement of the European Union|newer EU member states]].

=== Busiest routes ===
The top 15 destinations by passengers handled in 2019 were:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prg.aero/sites/default/files/obsah/B2B/Files/Statistics%20and%20reports/Prague%20Airport%20Traffic%20Reports/Traffic_report_2018_annual_public.pdf|title=Traffic Report 2019|website=Prg.aero|access-date=5 February 2019}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Rank !! Airport
!2019!! 2018
|-
| 1 || {{flagicon|The Netherlands}} [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam Schiphol]]
|759,011|| 690,857
|-
| 2 || {{flagicon|France}} [[Charles de Gaulle Airport|Paris–Charles de Gaulle]]
|740,439|| 712,414
|-
| 3 || {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Sheremetyevo International Airport|Moscow–Sheremetyevo]]
|696,232|| 755,935
|-
| 4 || {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]]
|527,836|| 524,302
|-
| 5 || {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai]]
|469,029|| 506,462
|-
| 6 || {{flagicon|UK}} [[London–Heathrow]]
|447,149|| 443,741
|-
| 7 || {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Barcelona–El Prat Airport|Barcelona]]
|440,222|| 432,521
|-
| 8 || {{flagicon|UK}} [[London Stansted Airport|London–Stansted]]
|435,969|| 408,188
|-
| 9 || {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Ben Gurion Airport|Tel Aviv]]
|381,488|| 388,847
|-
|10
|{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Copenhagen Airport|Copenhagen]]
|346,447
|N/A
|-
| 11 || {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Brussels Airport|Brussels]]
|334,140|| 329,181
|-
| 12 || {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Milan–Malpensa Airport|Milan–Malpensa]]
|321,229|| 304,417
|-
| 13 ||{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport|Madrid]]
|316,856
| 314,504
|-
| 14 || {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Helsinki Airport|Helsinki]]
|311,596|| 320,440
|-
|15
|{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Antalya Airport|Antalya]]
|298,212
|N/A

|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Rank !! Country !! 2011
!2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?query=BOOKMARK_DS-063345_QID_-3095AE71_UID_-3F171EB0&layout=TIME,C,X,0;AIRP_PR,L,Y,0;TRA_MEAS,L,Z,0;UNIT,L,Z,1;INDICATORS,C,Z,2;&zSelection=DS-063345UNIT,PAS;DS-063345INDICATORS,OBS_FLAG;DS-063345TRA_MEAS,PAS_BRD;&rankName1=UNIT_1_2_-1_2&rankName2=INDICATORS_1_2_-1_2&rankName3=TRA-MEAS_1_2_-1_2&rankName4=TIME_1_0_0_0&rankName5=AIRP-PR_1_2_0_1&sortR=ASC_5&sortC=ASC_-1_FIRST&rStp=&cStp=&rDCh=&cDCh=&rDM=true&cDM=true&footnes=false&empty=false&wai=false&time_mode=NONE&time_most_recent=false&lang=EN&cfo=%23%23%23%2C%23%23%23.%23%23%23|title=Air passenger transport between the main airports of Czechia and their main partner airports (routes data)|website=Eurostat|access-date=19 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 1||{{flagicon|GBR}} United Kingdom || 1,138,899
|2,061,486
|-
| 2||{{flagicon|ITA}} Italy || 872,933
|1,342,428
|-
| 3||{{flagicon|GER}} Germany || 1,162,114
|1,167,768
|-
| 4||{{flagicon|FRA}} France || 1,017,899
|1,127,151
|-
| 5||{{flagicon|ESP}} Spain || 726,301
|1,091,450
|}

==Other facilities==
[[File:CSA building Ruzyne.jpg|thumb|right|APC Building, the head office of [[Czech Airlines]] at Prague Airport]]
[[Czech Airlines]] has its head office, the APC Building,<ref>"[http://www.csanews.cz/en/news/news_tz_data/tz_swap.htm The Settlement of Land Relations between Czech Airlines and the Prague Airport Authority to Increase the Value of Both Companies Prior to their Privatisation]." Czech Airlines. 22 August 2008. Retrieved on 15 February 2010.</ref> on the grounds of Prague Airport.<ref>"[http://www.csa.cz/en/portal/company/imprint.htm Imprint] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401100811/http://www.csa.cz/en/portal/company/imprint.htm |date=1 April 2010 }}." Czech Airlines. Retrieved on 4 February 2010. "Letiště Ruzyně Prague 6 160 08 Czech republic"</ref> On 30 December 2009 CSA announced that it will sell its head office to the airport for CZK 607 million.<ref>Heijmans, Philip. "[http://www.praguepost.cz/business/3252-czech-airlines-sells-headquarters-to-prague-airport.html Czech Airlines sells headquarters to Prague Airport] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202131732/http://www.praguepost.cz/business/3252-czech-airlines-sells-headquarters-to-prague-airport.html |date=2 February 2014 }}." ''[[The Prague Post]]''. 6 January 2010. Retrieved on 31 January 2014.</ref> [[Smartwings]] have their head office on the airport property.<ref>"[http://www.travelservice.aero/contacts/ Contacts]." Travel Service Airlines. Retrieved on 14 November 2011. "Travel Service, a. s. K Letišti 1068/30 160 08 Prague 6 Czech Republic"</ref><ref>"[http://www.smartwings.com/contact.php Contact] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220045654/http://www.smartwings.com/contact.php |date=20 February 2012 }}." [[Smart Wings]]. Retrieved on 19 February 2012. "Office at Prague airport K letisti 1068/30 160 08 Praha 6 Czech Republic"</ref> In addition the [[Civil Aviation Authority (Czech Republic)|Civil Aviation Authority]] also has its head office on the airport property.<ref>[http://www.caa.cz/index.php?lang=2 Home page]. [[Civil Aviation Authority (Czech Republic)|Civil Aviation Authority]]. Retrieved on 25 February 2012. "Postal and visitor's address: Civil Aviation Authority Czech Republic Václav Havel Airport Prague 160 08 Praha 6"</ref>

==Ground transportation==
[[Buses in Prague|Buses of DPP]], the Prague Public Transit Co., stop at both terminals 1 and 2 frequently. A [[Czech Railways]] public bus service, AE – AirportExpress, connects Terminal 1 with [[Praha hlavní nádraží]]. From bus station in front of Terminal 1 there are also regular buses to [[Kladno]], intercity buses of [[Student Agency|Regiojet]] run every 30–60 minutes to [[Karlovy Vary]] and [[Cheb]].

There are plans to build a rail connection to the airport. Preliminary work commenced in 2018, with procurement proceedings launched the following year. Main construction is likely to start around 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.railjournal.com/regions/europe/prague-airport-rail-link-plan-finalised/|title=Prague airport rail link plan finalised|date=6 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radio.cz/en/section/business/rail-connection-to-prague-airport-comes-step-closer|title=Rail connection to Prague airport comes step closer | Radio Prague|website=Radio Praha|date=17 May 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.railtech.com/infrastructure/2018/12/28/new-stage-of-prague-airport-rail-link-project/|title=New stage of Prague airport rail link project|website=RailTech.com|access-date=19 April 2020}}</ref>

According to a 2021 media report, the airport is to be served via a branch off the Prague-Kladno line, including an underground station to serve the airport. The project also includes [[double-track railway|double tracking]] and [[railway electrification|electrifying]] the existing [[single-track railway]]. The plan also includes upgrades to [[Prague-Masarykovo station]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.railjournal.com/infrastructure/sz-confirms-plans-for-new-prague-airport-railway/|title=SZ confirms plans for new Prague airport railway|date=15 October 2021}}</ref>

==Accidents and incidents==
* On 19 February 1973, [[Aeroflot Flight 141 (1973)|Aeroflot Flight 141]], during [[Final approach (aeronautics)|approach]] a [[Tupolev Tu-154]] crashed half a kilometre short of the airport. While most of the passengers survived the crash many died in the fire that followed. Altogether 66 people died from the 100 passengers and crew. The crash was the first loss of and the first fatal accident involving a Tu-154.<ref>{{ASN accident|title= Cccp-85023|id= 19730219-1|accessdate= 31 December 2016}}</ref>
* On 30 October 1975, [[Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 450]], a [[Douglas DC-9-32]] hit high ground during an approach in fog to Prague Ruzyně Airport. 75 of the 120 passengers and crew on board were killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.planecrashinfo.com/1975/1975-62.htm |title=Accident Details : Cairns Airport : Commair |date=23 October 1975 |website=Planecrashinfo.com |access-date=30 March 2017}}</ref>
* On 29 March 1989, two teenagers from [[Czechoslovakia]] armed with grenades and shotguns hijacked [[Malév Hungarian Airlines|Malév]] Flight 640 at Prague Ruzyně Airport, and forced the [[Tupolev Tu-154B]] with 15 hostages to fly to [[Frankfurt Airport]] in [[West Germany]] before surrendering.<ref>{{cite news|title=2 Czech Youths Hijack Jetliner to West Germany|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1989-03-30/news/mn-878_1_west-germany|work=Los Angeles Times|date=30 March 1989|access-date=19 August 2010}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of airports in the Czech Republic]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline|Prague Ruzyně Airport}}
* [http://www.prg.aero/en/ Official website]
* [https://www.prague-airport.com Prague airport information]
* {{NWS-current|LKPR}}
* {{ASN|LKPR}}

{{Portalbar|Czech Republic|Aviation}}
{{Airports in Czech Republic}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prague Airport}}
[[Category:Transport in Prague]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Prague]]
[[Category:Tourism in Prague]]
[[Category:Airports in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Airports established in 1937]]
[[Category:Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces Air Transport Command in the European Theater]]
[[Category:1937 establishments in Czechoslovakia]]
[[Category:Prague 6]]

Module:Location map/data/Donetsk

2022-08-08T16:34:44Z

Tjmj: Create redirect

return require('Module:Location map/data/Ukraine Donetsk')

Module:Adjacent stations/MRL/doc

2022-07-25T16:24:41Z

Tjmj:

{{Adjacent stations doc|link=[[MRL East Coast Rail Link|Malaysia Rail Link]]}}

{{Rail template doc}}
{{Rail template doc|MRL|}}
{{Rail template doc||end}}

<includeonly>{{Sandbox other||
[[Category:Malaysia rail succession modules|MRL]]
}}</includeonly>

Category:Freemasonry stubs

2022-05-23T15:34:58Z

Tjmj:

{{WPSS-cat}}
{{Stub Category|article=[[Freemasonry]]|newstub=Freemasonry-stub|category=Freemasonry}}

[[Category:Organization stubs| Freemasonry]]

Category:United States Second Amendment case law

2022-03-17T15:56:43Z

Tjmj:

This [[Wikipedia:Category|category]] is for court cases in the [[United States]] dealing with the [[Second Amendment to the United States Constitution]].

[[Category:United States constitutional case law by amendment| 02]]
[[Category:United States federal firearms law|Second Amendment case law]]
[[Category:Gun politics in the United States]]

Template:Ethnologue24

2022-02-11T16:57:00Z

Tjmj:

{{#if: {{{1|}}}
|[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/{{{1|}}} {{{2|{{PAGENAME}}}}}] at ''[[Ethnologue]]'' (24th ed., 2021)
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Template talk:IMDb title

2021-10-15T17:03:05Z

Tjmj: /* Template-protected edit request on 15 October 2021 */ new section

{{WikiProject Film}}

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== Spacing ==

Is there a reason why {{IMDb title|8095860|Alexandre}} isn't {{IMDb title/sandbox|8095860|Alexandre}} ? I added the space before "on IMDb" because, well, words are separated from other words and usually from symbols. There's a space in the template, but apparently it gets trimmed. So I added nbsp in the sandbox version, and it works OK at [[Template:IMDb title/testcases]]. The only problem is, the template has existed for years without the space, so maybe the rest of the world knows something I don't. [[User:Art LaPella|Art LaPella]] ([[User talk:Art LaPella|talk]]) 04:29, 6 July 2018 (UTC)
:The space will appear when the 3rd parameter is used: "{{IMDb title|8095860|Alexandre|(2019)}}". Also, with only 2 parameters, I notice an unnecessary space between the last letter of ''Alexandre'' and the little icon that represents an external link. -- [[User:Michael Bednarek|Michael Bednarek]] ([[User talk:Michael Bednarek|talk]]) 06:46, 6 July 2018 (UTC)
:PS: {{tl|IMDb name}} exhibits the same symptoms. -- [[User:Michael Bednarek|Michael Bednarek]] ([[User talk:Michael Bednarek|talk]]) 06:48, 6 July 2018 (UTC)
::Fixed. -- [[User:WOSlinker|WOSlinker]] ([[User talk:WOSlinker|talk]]) 06:57, 6 July 2018 (UTC)
:::Thank you! Please do the same for {{tl|Tcmdb title}}. [[User:Art LaPella|Art LaPella]] ([[User talk:Art LaPella|talk]]) 13:53, 6 July 2018 (UTC)
: {{ping|Michael Bednarek|WOSlinker}} I'm not certain if this is the same thing, but currently there is an extra trailing space, which in e.g. "{{IMDb title|id=0088635|title=V poiskakh kapitana Granta}}." gives (text-only result:) "''V poiskakh kapitana Granta'' on IMDb ."). —[[User:DocWatson42|DocWatson42]] ([[User talk:DocWatson42|talk]]) 08:36, 11 September 2019 (UTC)
::I notice that a lot of changes were applied to the template since [[User:WOSlinker|WOSlinker]]'s edits in July 2018, mainly by [[User:Zyxw]]. The extraneous space after "IMDb" appears every time: <nowiki>"{{IMDb title|0031381|Gone with the Wind}}"</nowiki> gives "{{IMDb title|0031381|Gone with the Wind}}"; <nowiki>"{{IMDb title|0031381|Gone with the Wind|(1939)}}"</nowiki> gives "{{IMDb title|0031381|Gone with the Wind|(1939)}}". All the examples in [[Template:IMDb title/doc]] exhibit it, it's just normally unnoticeable because the template gets very rarely invoked mid-sentence. I think the reason is &#32; that precedes {{EditAtWikidata|… in the template. -- [[User:Michael Bednarek|Michael Bednarek]] ([[User talk:Michael Bednarek|talk]]) 12:42, 11 September 2019 (UTC)
:::I've fixed it. -- [[User:WOSlinker|WOSlinker]] ([[User talk:WOSlinker|talk]]) 18:16, 11 September 2019 (UTC)

== "on" change to "at" – to match other WP templates ==

Other movie/tv WP templates (and other media types, inc. music, et al.) use "at" as the linking word. So why is IMDb entirely different?

e.g. ''[[Oblivion (2013 film)#External links|Oblivion (2013 film)]]:

* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1483013 ''Oblivion''] on [[IMDb]]
* [https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/884012/enwp ''Oblivion''] at the [[TCM Movie Database]]
* [https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v495159 ''Oblivion''] at [[AllMovie]]
* [https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/oblivion_2013 ''Oblivion''] at [[Rotten Tomatoes]]
* [https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/69350 ''Oblivion''] at the [[American Film Institute Catalog]]
* [https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=oblivion.htm ''Oblivion''] at [[Box Office Mojo]]
* [https://www.metacritic.com/movie/oblivion ''Oblivion''] at [[Metacritic]]

templates:
* {{tl|IMDb title}} = <nowiki>{{IMDb title|1483013|Oblivion}}</nowiki>
* {{tl|TCMDb title}} = <nowiki>{{TCMDb title|884012|Oblivion}}</nowiki>
* {{tl|AllMovie title}} = <nowiki>{{AllMovie title|495159}}</nowiki>
* {{tl|Rotten Tomatoes}} = <nowiki>{{Rotten Tomatoes|oblivion_2013|Oblivion}}</nowiki>
* {{tl|AFI film}} = <nowiki>{{AFI film|id=69350|title=Oblivion}}</nowiki>
* {{tl|Mojo title}} = <nowiki>{{Mojo title|oblivion|Oblivion}}</nowiki>
* {{tl|Metacritic film}} = <nowiki>{{Metacritic film|Oblivion}}</nowiki>

It should be just "at" (as in: [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1483013 ''Oblivion''] at [[IMDb]]), rather than "at the" (as in: [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1483013 ''Oblivion''] at the [[IMDb]]), as the "the" is superfluous on an acronym version of the site's name.

Can we update all the IMDb templates so they are are no longer incongruous, and are finally in line with the others, accordingly. [[User:Jimthing|Jimthing]] ([[User talk:Jimthing|talk]]) 23:13, 30 January 2021 (UTC)
:This was changed from "at" to "on" by [[User:Codename Lisa]] (now blocked) on 28 May 2017. I don't care much either way, but if it's to be changed, "at {{hilite|the}} IMDb" seems preferable. -- [[User:Michael Bednarek|Michael Bednarek]] ([[User talk:Michael Bednarek|talk]]) 10:39, 31 January 2021 (UTC)
:: So it shouldn't even be "on", and should have remained "at". Ah yes, well spotted on who wrongly did the edit. Again, no need for "the" as its acronym version (IMDb ''not'' Internet Movie Database) makes its use superfluous: as per the very opening line on its page "IMDb is an online database..." not "The IMDb is an online database...". [[User:Jimthing|Jimthing]] ([[User talk:Jimthing|talk]]) 11:30, 31 January 2021 (UTC)
::: Perhaps {{user|WOSlinker}} can fix this, as per the one they did previously above. I'll ping them. ;-) [[User:Jimthing|Jimthing]] ([[User talk:Jimthing|talk]]) 15:43, 3 February 2021 (UTC)
:::: I've changed it. -- [[User:WOSlinker|WOSlinker]] ([[User talk:WOSlinker|talk]]) 16:23, 3 February 2021 (UTC)
:::: {{done}}, thanks! [[User:Jimthing|Jimthing]] ([[User talk:Jimthing|talk]]) 08:04, 4 February 2021 (UTC)

== unimplemented '''section''' parameters ==

'''combined''' and '''reference''' are valid '''section''' parameters that are ignored by this template, q.v.:
* <nowiki>{{IMDb title | id= 5458572 | title= Chad: An American Boy | description= (2016) | section= reference }}</nowiki>
** {{IMDb title | id= 5458572 | title= Chad: An American Boy | description= (2016) | section= reference }}
** https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5458572/reference
* <nowiki>{{IMDb title | id= 5458572 | title= Chad: An American Boy | description= (2016) | section= combined }}</nowiki>
** {{IMDb title | id= 5458572 | title= Chad: An American Boy | description= (2016) | section= combined }}
** https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5458572/combined
.... [[User:0mtwb9gd5wx|0mtwb9gd5wx]] ([[User talk:0mtwb9gd5wx|talk]]) 16:56, 2 April 2021 (UTC)
:Only <code>awards</code> is supported in that parameter. [[User:Nardog|Nardog]] ([[User talk:Nardog|talk]]) 17:09, 2 April 2021 (UTC)

== Template-protected edit request on 15 October 2021 ==

{{edit template-protected|Template:IMDb title|answered=no}}
Would like to request to change <code><nowiki>{{preview warning|main|IMDb ID should not contain more than eight digits}}</nowiki></code> to <code><nowiki>{{preview warning|IMDb ID should not contain more than eight digits}}</nowiki></code>. If I am not wrong, the first parameter of {{tl|preview warning}} should be the message itself. Thank you! [[User:Tjmj|Tjmj]] ([[User talk:Tjmj|talk]]) 17:03, 15 October 2021 (UTC)

Template:Endangered Languages Project/doc

2021-10-09T16:20:01Z

Tjmj: add category Category:Language external link templates

{{Documentation subpage}}

{{Lua|Module:Endangered Languages Project}}
Helper template to create the linked and referenced entry for the 'Endangered Languages Project' ('''ELP''') field in [[Template:Infobox language]]

== Examples ==
Manual parameters for [[Totonac languages]]:
* <code><nowiki>{{Endangered Languages Project |ELP=2547 |ELPname=Dâw}}</nowiki></code>
* → {{Endangered Languages Project |ELP=3540 |ELPname=Totonac}}

Parameters from Wikidata for [[Dâw language]]:
* <code><nowiki>{{Endangered Languages Project |ELP={{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |ps=1 |P2192 |qid=Q3042278}} |ELPname={{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |ps=1| P2192 |qid=Q3042278 |qual=P1810 |qo=y}} }}</nowiki></code>
* → {{Endangered Languages Project |ELP={{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |ps=1 |P2192 |qid=Q3042278}} |ELPname={{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |ps=1| P2192 |qid=Q3042278 |qual=P1810 |qo=y}} }}

<includeonly>{{sandbox other||

[[Category:Language external link templates]]
}}</includeonly>

Young Liberals (Australia)

2021-10-07T16:55:24Z

Tjmj: cleanup Category:Pages which use infobox templates with ignored data cells, Category:CS1 errors: external links

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Australian English|date=May 2011}}
{{Infobox
| above = Young Liberals
| titlestyle =
| abovestyle =
| subheaderstyle =
| title =
| subheader =
| imagestyle =
| captionstyle =
| image = [[File:Young Liberals (Australia) Logo.png|300px]]
| caption =
| header1 =
| label1 = Federal President
| data1 = Michael Heydon (WA)
| header2 =
| label2 = Federal Vice President
| data2 = Clark Cooley (Tas)
| header3 =
| label3 = Founded
| data3 = {{Start date and age|df=y|1945|12|12}}<ref name=history/>
| header4 =
| label4 = Headquarters
| data4 = Cnr Blackall & Macquarie St [[Canberra|Barton]] [[Australian Capital Territory|ACT]] 2600
| header5 =
| label5 = Ideology
| data5 = [[Liberalism]] [[Conservative liberalism]]<ref name="Docherty2010">{{cite book|author=James C. Docherty|title=The A to Z of Australia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PBhD9KuhhXkC&pg=PA186|year=2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-1-4616-7175-6|page=186}}</ref> [[Liberal conservatism]]<ref name="StarkeKaasch2013">{{cite book|author1=Peter Starke|author2=Alexandra Kaasch|author3=Franca Van Hooren|title=The Welfare State as Crisis Manager: Explaining the Diversity of Policy Responses to Economic Crisis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BtMQsESYcWwC&pg=PA191|year=2013|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-31484-0|page=191}}</ref> 
[[Classical Liberalism]]
| label6 = Position
| data6 = [[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]<ref name="Glynn2016">{{cite book|author=Irial Glynn|title=Asylum Policy, Boat People and Political Discourse: Boats, Votes and Asylum in Australia and Italy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPtjDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2|year= 2016|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-1-137-51733-3|page=2}}</ref>
| header7 =
| label7 = International
| data7 = [[International Young Democrat Union]]<ref>http://www.iydu.org/members/</ref>
| header8 =
| label8 = Mother Party
| data8 = [[Liberal Party of Australia]]
| header9 =
| label9 = Website
| data9 = {{URL|http://www.youngliberal.org.au}}
| headerstyle = background:#ccf;
| labelstyle =
| datastyle =
| header10 = Appointed Officers
| label10 =
| data10 =
| header11 =
| label11 = Federal Secretary
| data11 = Jackson Franks (Qld)
| header12 =
| label12 = Federal Treasurer
| data12 = Elliot Howitt-Ross (Vic)
| header13 =
| label13 = Federal Campaigns Director
| data13 = Connor Andreatidis (ACT)
| header14 =
| label14 = Federal Membership Director
| data14 = Taylor Birchnell (Qld)
| header15 =
| label15 = Immediate Past President
| data15 = Jocelyn Sutcliffe (SA)
| header16 = Divisional Presidents <ref>{{cite web |url=https://youngliberal.org.au/executive |title=Executive |website=Young Liberal Movement of Australia |publisher=Young Liberals (Australia) |access-date=August 30, 2020}}</ref>
| label17 = Western Australia
| data17 = Lewis Hutton
| header18 =
| label18 = South Australia
| data18 = Eric Pierce
| header19 =
| label19 = Australian Capital Territory
| data19 = Connor Andreatidis
| header20 =
| label20 = Tasmania
| data20 = Ben Jacobson
| header21 =
| label21 = New South Wales
| data21 = Deyi Wu
| header22 =
| label22 = Queensland (YLNP)
| data22 = Jackson Franks
| header23 =
| label23 = Victoria
| data23 = Andy Masanauskas
| label24 = Western Australia
| data24 = Lewis Hutton
}}
The '''Young Liberal Movement of Australia''', commonly referred to as the '''Young Liberals''', is the youth movement of the [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party]] of [[Australia]] representing members aged 16 to 31. It is organised as a federation with each state and territory division responsible for their own campaigns, policy platform and strategic direction and interact federally via the Federal Young Liberal Executive.<ref name=history>{{cite book |last=Birrell |first=Mark |date=1982 |title=The Young Liberal way: the history, organisation, policies and purposes of the Young Liberal Movement of Australia |location=Canberra, Australia |publisher=Young Liberal Movement of Australia Federal Executive |isbn=0909087121 }}</ref>

The Movement serves as a recruiting platform for the Liberal Party, and plays a significant role within the volunteer base of the party. The Movement undertakes a notable management role within the Liberal Party. Young Liberal Presidents serve on the executive of their respective State and Territory divisions, while the Federal President and Federal Vice-President of the Movement serve on the Federal Liberal Executive.<ref name=ourstructure/>

Former Federal Presidents include former [[Father of the Australian House of Representatives]] and [[Liberal Party of Australia (New South Wales Division)|NSW Liberals]] State President [[Philip Ruddock]], former Chief Economist for [[BofA Securities|Bank of America Merrill Lynch]] [[Saul Eslake]], Businessman [[Mark Birrell]], and current [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]] [[Marise Payne]]. The organisation is a founding member of the [[International Young Democrat Union]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Directory of British political organisations 1994 |last=Mercer |first=Paul |year=1994 |publisher=Longman |location=London |isbn=978-0-582-23729-2 |page=174 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tGAvAAAAYAAJ }}</ref>

==History==
[[File:John howard.jpg|thumb|right|[[John Howard]] served as State President of the NSW Young Liberals from 1962 to 1964<ref name="young_libs">{{Citation | url=http://www.younglibs.org.au/lifemembers.php | title=Young Liberals Life Members & Past Presidents | publisher=Young Liberals |year=2006 | access-date=8 July 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051221230853/http://www.younglibs.org.au/lifemembers.php |archive-date = 21 December 2005}}</ref>]]
The Young Liberal Movement was formed on 12 December 1945 following the official inauguration of the Liberal Party on 31 October of the same year. The creation of the Movement is attributed to [[Robert Menzies|Sir Robert Menzies]] who when organising meetings to discuss the creating of the Liberal Party in 1944 invited the [[Nationalist Party (Australia)|Young Nationalists]] to undertake a prominent role within the new party. The formation of the movement at a meeting at the Melbourne Town Hall attracted 750 people.

While Young Liberal branches and divisional organisations existed within each State and Territory Division since 1945 the Federal Young Liberal Movement wasn't founded until 1966 following a motion at the Federal Council of the Liberal Party. The first meeting of the new national movement took place on 4 March 1967. By 1968, it was decided that the Young Liberals should hold their own annual National Conventions – a tradition that continues.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youngliberal.org.au/history |title=Young Liberal History |publisher=Young Liberal Movement of Australia |website=Young Liberals |access-date=20 January 2020}}</ref>

The 1974 Federal Council of the Liberal Party agreed to a proposal for the Young Liberals' senior positions to be elected by a Young Liberal Federal Council, consisting of 6 delegates per Division (and held concurrently with the National Convention at which all Young Liberals were eligible to attend). The senior positions were restructured and renamed, resulting in a "Federal President", "Federal Vice-President" and "Young Liberal Federal Executive".<ref>{{cite book |author= |title=Young Liberal Movement of Australia, 1945-1975 : history, organization, policies, purposes |location=Sydney, Australia |publisher=Young Liberal Movement of Australia |date=1975 |isbn=0909087040}}</ref>

The Young Liberal representation on the senior party's Executive was expanded to two positions, while the Movement was also given a seat on the Joint Standing Committee on Federal Policy.

In 1982, the Movement produced a national publication called 'The Young Australian' which was published until 2013.

In 2007, the QLD division of the Liberal Party of Australia and the QLD National Party merged to become the [[Liberal National Party of Queensland]]. As Part of this merger process the Queensland Young Liberals and the Queensland Young Nationals were merged to become the Young Liberal National Party (Young LNP). The Young LNP is effectively the Queensland division of both the federal Young Liberals and the Federal Young Nationals.

==Structure==
Each Young Liberal State and Territory division is governed by its own rules and constitution with each undertaking different methods for the election of their President, executive, and delegates.<ref name=ourstructure>{{cite web|url=http://www.liberal.org.au/our-structure|title=Our Structure|date=12 June 2013}}</ref>

The Federal Movement has two elected officers; the President and the Vice-President who are supported by an Executive made up of State and Territory Young Liberal Presidents and appointed Federal Officers. The Federal President and Federal Vice-President are members of the powerful Liberal Party Federal Executive which also includes the Prime Minister and other senior Liberal Party figures.<ref>http://www.youngliberal.org.au/executive</ref>

===List of federal presidents===
[[File:Marise Payne.jpg|thumb|right|Minister for Foreign Affairs [[Marise Payne]] was the first female Federal President of the Movement, she served in the role from 1989 to 1991]]
List of federal presidents of the Young Liberals:<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.youngliberal.org.au/history|title= History: Former Office Bearers |publisher=Young Liberals|access-date=30 March 2019}}</ref>
[[File:Trent Zimmerman.jpg|thumb|right|Trent Zimmerman, the first [[List of LGBTI holders of political offices in Australia|openly LGBTI member of the House of Representatives]], served as Federal President of the Movement from 1993 to 1994]]
{{div col}}
*1967–68: Graham Jones (NSW)
*1968–69: Leo Hawkins (VIC)
*1969–72: Warren McCullagh (NSW)
*1972–73: Greg Vickery (QLD)
*1973–74: [[Philip Ruddock]] (NSW)
*1974–75: Michael Loftus (VIC)
*1975–78: [[Chris Puplick]] (NSW)
*1978–79: Bruce Noble (SA)
*1979–80: Greg Goebel (QLD)
*1980–81: Robert Nestdale (NSW)
*1981–82: [[Saul Eslake]] (TAS)
*1982–83: [[Mark Birrell]] (VIC)
*1983–85: Chris Crawford (NSW)
*1985–87: Peter Coatman (VIC)
*1987–88: Kim Jacobs (SA)
*1988–89: Cam Tinley (WA)
*1989–91: [[Marise Payne]] (NSW)
*1991–92: Peter Torbey (Vic)
*1992–93: Stephen Forshaw (ACT)
*1993–94: [[Trent Zimmerman]] (NSW)
*1994–95: Ross McClymont (Vic)
*1995–96: Leon Beswick (Tas)
*1996–97: Matthew Marks (SA)
*1997–98: [[Jason Falinski]] (NSW)
*1998–99: Matthew Boland (QLD)
*1999–00: Marc Dale (WA)
*2000–01: Brett Hogan (Vic)
*2001–02: Gerard Paynter (QLD)
*2002–04: Grant Muller (QLD)
*2004–05: Nick Park (QLD)
*2005–06: [[Alex Hawke]] (NSW)
*2006–08: Mark Powell (QLD)
*2008–09: Noel McCoy (NSW)
*2009–10: Rachel Fry (Tas)
*2010–11: Richard Wilson (WA)
*2011–12: Michael van Dissel (SA)
*2012–13: Trent Hasson (Tas)
*2013–14: Tom White (WA)
*2014–15: Ben Riley (QLD)
*2015–16: Simon Brehney (Vic)
*2016–17: [[Claire Chandler]] (Tas)
*2017–18: Aiden Depiazzi (WA)
*2018–19: Josh Manuatu (ACT)
*2019–20: Liam Staltari (WA)
*2020-21: Jocelyn Sutcliffe (SA)
*2021-: Michael Heydon (WA)
{{Div col end}}

==Campaigns==

===Voluntary Student Unionism===
In 2005, the Howard Government introduced legislation to repeal [[Voluntary student unionism|compulsory student unionism in Australia]] following an effective campaign run by the Young Liberal Movement, notably led by its then Federal President, now Federal MP, [[Alex Hawke]]. {{Citation needed|date=February 2020}}

===Make Education Fair===
In February 2008, the Young Liberals launched a campaign titled Make Education Fair that alleged there was bias in the educational system.<ref name="theaustralian.news.com.au">{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,23916884-12149,00.html |title=Libs push for bias probe | The Australian |publisher=Theaustralian.news.com.au |date=25 June 2008 |access-date=2010-07-09}}</ref><ref name="younglibs.org.au">http://www.younglibs.org.au/site/images/stories/mef/080309_sunday_telegraph_dob_in_lefty_teachers.pdf</ref> The Young Liberals were motivated by comments by former Prime Minister [[John Howard]] who said "The left-liberal grip on educational institutions and large, though not all, sections of the media remains intense".<ref name="smh"/>

In response to the campaign, the Senate announced an Inquiry into Academic Freedom<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,23921378-2862,00.html |title=Senate tests academic freedom - Herald Sun |publisher=News.com.au |date=26 June 2008 |access-date=2010-07-09}}</ref> in June 2008 with the Inquiry into Academic Freedom - Parliament of Australia terms of reference.<ref name="theaustralian.news.com.au"/> Others described the campaign as a "witch hunt" or [[McCarthyism]], and as an attack on the professionalism of academics.<ref>{{cite news |author=Josephine Tovey |title=Academics rally against Young Liberal 'witch-hunt' |url=https://www.smh.com/news/national/academics-rally-against-young-liberal-witchhunt/2008/10/09/1223145541980.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald|publisher=Fairfax Digital |date=10 October 2008 |access-date=2008-10-10}}</ref> In response to Make Education Fair, the [[National Tertiary Education Union]] said "there is no evidence of widespread left-wing bias"<ref name="abc">{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/04/01/2205314.htm?section=justin |title=Tertiary union denies accusations of left-wing bias - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) |publisher=Abc.net.au |date=1 April 2008 |access-date=2010-07-09}}</ref> and launched its own campaign entitled "Academic Freedom Watch".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2008/s2386364.htm |title=The World Today - Inquiry into academic freedom accused of bias |publisher=Abc.net.au |access-date=2010-07-09}}</ref> The President of the NTEU dismissed the accusation that academics are running their own agendas in the classroom as "nonsense".<ref name="smh">{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/national/meet-the-new-vanguard-in-culture-wars/2008/03/31/1206850812157.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap1 |title=Meet the new vanguard in culture wars - National |publisher=smh.com.au |date= 2008-04-01|access-date=2010-07-09}}</ref> [[New South Wales]] [[Australian Greens|Greens]] politician [[John Kaye (politician)|John Kaye]] said "any school or university educator who expresses an opinion would be at risk from the young Liberals plan to create a McCarthy-ist environment on campuses and schools"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/04/01/2204292.htm |title=Young Liberals on university 'witch-hunt' - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) |publisher=Abc.net.au |date=1 April 2008 |access-date=2010-07-09}}</ref>

===Student Services and Amenities Fee===
Since 2016, the Young Liberals have taken a strong position against the Student Services and Amenities Fee, including publishing a comprehensive report on the subject.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

==Controversy==

In 2005, the Young Liberals in [[Melbourne]] attracted media attention for their antisocial behaviour at social functions and accusations of rivalry between the [[Australian Liberal Students' Federation]] and the Young Liberal movement.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theage.com/news/national/feathers-fly-at-young-liberals-shindig/2005/08/01/1122748579682.html |title=Feathers fly at Young Liberals' shindig - National |publisher=theage.com.au |date= 2005-08-02|access-date=2010-07-09 | location=Melbourne}}</ref>

On 17 July 2006, the [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]'s ''[[Four Corners (Australian TV program)|Four Corners]]'' program broadcast allegations that factional leaders within the Liberal Party in [[New South Wales]] had been used "as the foot soldiers in factional warfare in which control goes to the faction which has the most branches."<ref name="4corners">{{cite web | last = Cohen | first = Janine | title = Program Transcript - The Right Stuff | work = Four Corners | publisher = Australian Broadcasting Corporation | date = 2006-07-17 | url = http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2006/s1688866.htm | access-date = 2006-07-20 }}</ref> Former federal Liberal leader [[John Hewson]] expressed his concern that in more recent times, the right faction had taken control of the Young Liberals in New South Wales in an "extreme right takeover", that "in my day as leader the Young Liberals were a burr under my saddle from the left" whereas now they had come to support the agenda of right factional leaders such as [[David Clarke (Australian politician)|David Clarke]].<ref name="4corners hewson">{{cite web | last = Cohen | first = Janine | title = Interview - Dr John Hewson | work = Four Corners | publisher = Australian Broadcasting Corporation | date = 2006-07-17 | url = http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2006/s1686114.htm | access-date = 2006-07-20 }}</ref>

Conservative ''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]'' columnist [[Miranda Devine]] said after the program was broadcast that the shift to the right within all areas of the Liberal Party simply reflected the political climate of the [[John Howard|Howard]] era, and suggested that the moderate faction was merely angry at losing influence because "the left has controlled the NSW Liberal Party for more than two decades and always regarded the Young Liberals as its personal breeding ground."<ref name="devine rough play">{{cite news | last = Devine | first = Miranda | title = Rough play won't spoil the party | work =The Sydney Morning Herald| date = 2006-07-20 | url = https://www.smh.com.au/news/opinion/rough-play-wont-spoil-the-party/2006/07/19/1153166451719.html?page=fullpage | access-date = 2006-07-20 }}</ref>

In July 2006, Young Liberal Movement was the subject of controversy after the [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC's]] [[Lateline]] program aired footage from the 2005 National Union of Students' conference in [[Ballarat]]. The video showed Liberal students chanting "We're racist, we're sexist, we're homophobic". The president of the New South Wales Young Liberals released a statement condemning the outbursts.<ref name="ABC_Footage_released">{{cite news |first=John |last=Stewart |title=Footage released of 'racist' Young Liberals |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200607/s1690096.htm |publisher=[[Lateline]] |location=[[Sydney]] |date=19 July 2006 |access-date=2008-06-19 }}</ref>

During a conference for Liberals in July 2008 in [[Canberra]], about 40 university students from the Australian Liberal Students' Federation - some of them Young Liberals, were thrown out and banned from a youth hostel after an all night drinking rampage and disruptive behaviour, including some of them being caught having sex in the hostel.<ref>[http://www.news.com.au/news/liberals-in-drunk-sex-rampage/story-fna7dq6e-1111116992314 News.com.au - Drunken Liberal students thrown out and banned from hostel]</ref><ref>[http://www.crikey.com.au/Politics/20080724-Two-Ts-Whittney-a-Young-Lib-with-libations.html Crikey - Two Ts Whittney a Young Lib with libations]</ref>

In April 2010, Nick Sowden, a Young Liberal National party member from Queensland, likened US President [[Barack Obama]] to a monkey on his [[Twitter]] account. After a backlash, Sowden responded by saying that it was a poor attempt at irony that had been taken out of context. As a result of the comments, he was expelled from the party.<ref>http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-04-16/obama-monkey-slur-a-joke-says-young-lib/398462</ref> Further controversy arose in June, 2010, when a member of the Young Liberal National Party organised an event via Facebook to celebrate the ill health of former Australian Prime Minister, [[Gough Whitlam]]. The event, which 17 members of the Young Liberal National Party are reported to have subsequently attended, aimed to celebrate that...”the old man is old and nearly dead [former PM, Gough Whitlam], he got sacked, and he is ***....So lets (sic) celebrate and be happy".<ref>See: As Future Leaders Go Not Much to Rejoice About, Bella Counihan, National Times, Sydney Morning Herald, The Age, Brisbane Times, 1 June, http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/politics/as-future-leaders-go-not-much-to-rejoice-about-20100601-wrsr.html</ref><ref>31 May 2010, http://news.ninemsn.com.au/national/1061805/barnaby-joyce-apologies-for-gough-sledge</ref>

In September 2012, during a Young Liberals dinner in Sydney, [[Alan Jones (radio broadcaster)|Alan Jones]] spoke concerning the death of the then Prime Minister [[Julia Gillard]]'s father. Jones said that Mr Gillard had "died of shame to think that his daughter told lies every time she stood for parliament". Jones' speech was secretly recorded by a News Limited journalist.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gillard refuses to be drawn on Jones controversy|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-10-03/gillard-refuses-to-be-drawn-on-jones-controversy/4293014|access-date=19 March 2014|newspaper=abc.net.au|date=3 October 2012|agency=ABC}}</ref>

{{Further|Alan Jones "died of shame" controversy}}

In July 2013, Queensland YLNP President Ben Riley was suspended for a period of six months for swiping a pair of RM Williams boots on display at that year's LNP Convention.<ref name="crikey.com.au">{{Cite web|date=2013-07-25|title=Booted out: LNP rising star ejected over RM Williams incident|url=https://www.crikey.com.au/2013/07/25/booted-out-lnp-rising-star-ejected-over-rm-williams-incident/|access-date=2021-07-02|website=Crikey|language=en-US}}</ref> Riley put on the boots, wore them around and spilt beer on them.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ironside|first=Robyn|last2=readJuly 26|first2=Sarah Vogler less than 2 min|last3=2013 - 9:43am|date=2013-07-25|title=LNP puts boot into young president|url=https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/lnp-boots-out-young-party-president-ben-riley-after-drunken-prank-backfires/news-story/1778991cec4afae7680d6e427ed979ce|access-date=2021-07-02|website=couriermail|language=en}}</ref> The day after Riley offered to pay for the boots, however he was still suspended.<ref name="crikey.com.au"/>

In April 2014, during hearings by the [[Independent Commission Against Corruption (New South Wales)]] into the alleged corrupt conduct of MP [[Chris Hartcher]], it was revealed that a Hartcher staff member who is also Young Liberal member set up a "black ops" team inspired by the film [[Fight Club]] with the intention of destroying political opponents.<ref>https://www.smh.com.au/nsw/welcome-to-fight-club-young-liberal-style-20140430-37i2m.html</ref>

In August 2014, Young Liberal students from [[University of Melbourne|Melbourne University]] were reported to have been posting misogynistic, crude and racist comments on their Facebook page. One comment in particular referred to, 75-year-old academic, [[Germaine Greer]] as a "lying fucking cum guzzling slut".<ref>{{cite news|title=Misogynist rants from Young Libs|url=https://www.theage.com/victoria/misogynist-rants-from-young-libs-20140809-3dfhw.html|access-date=10 August 2014|newspaper=[[The Age]]|date=10 August 2014|agency=[[Fairfax Media]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Why the Coalition will never win over Australian women|url=http://www.dailylife.com.au/news-and-views/dl-opinion/why-the-coalition-will-never-win-over-australian-women-20140810-3dgmw.html|access-date=18 August 2014|newspaper=dailylife.com.au|date=11 August 2014|agency=[[Fairfax Media]]}}</ref>

In September 2015 a New South Wales Young Liberal Council meeting caused controversy after an alleged altercation occurred. Young Liberal and member of the conservatives Jakov Miljak allegedly grappled Moderate James Camillieri following a debate over the [[Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill, September 2015]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Young Liberal meeting turns violent after leadership spill|url = https://www.smh.com/federal-politics/political-news/young-liberals-meeting-boils-over-as-verbal-clashes-turn-physical-on-night-of-leadership-spill-20150917-gjotc7.html|website = The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date = 2016-01-10}}</ref> The following day Mr Miljak resigned from his part-time employment with Senator [[Concetta Fierravanti-Wells]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = When putsch came to shove: Young Liberal faces expulsion after factional debate led to tussle|url = https://www.smh.com/federal-politics/political-news/young-liberal-jakov-jay-miljak-facing-expulsion-after-postspill-tussle-20150917-gjpgaj.html|website = The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date = 2016-01-10}}</ref>

In April 2017, it was revealed that Young Liberal and President of the Melbourne University Liberal Club, Xavier Boffa, had told a female member of the club that she was not invited to a club event because 'a couple of the guys were uncomfortable about inviting a chick'.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 'They felt uncomfortable about inviting a chick': Young Libs accused of misogyny|url = https://www.theage.com/victoria/they-felt-uncomfortable-about-inviting-a-chick-young-libs-accused-of-misogyny-20170426-gvt0fq.html|website = The Age |access-date = 2018-02-05}}</ref>

In October 2017, Mr Boffa became the subject of a police investigation after he was allegedly involved in an ugly stoush with this same woman in the aftermath of a heated club meeting. It was also alleged that he assaulted another male club member from an opposing faction.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Young Liberals' fight causes young woman to seek intervention order from police|url = https://www.smh.com/national/young-liberals-fight-causes-young-woman-to-seek-intervention-order-from-police-20171012-gyzxen.html|website = The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date = 2018-02-05}}</ref>

In February 2019, four members of the NSW Young Liberals were suspended from the party for six months when they approached women on Tinder in order to convince them to vote Liberal, and then shared personal information about the women and made "lewd and derogatory" comments about them in a group chat room that was meant for planning the group's campaigning efforts.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Young Liberals booted from party for lewd comments about women|url = https://www.smh.com/politics/nsw/young-liberals-booted-from-party-for-lewd-comments-about-women-20190216-p50y8f.html|website = The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date = 2019-09-17}}</ref> Several women in the chat complained to NSW Young Liberals president Harry Stutchbury (son of [[Michael Stutchbury]]), who said that the behaviour was unacceptable but took no further action. Liberal Party officials did not learn of the events until 12 months later, via The Sun-Herald, at which point NSW Liberals' state director Chris Stone applied the suspension.

In July 2019, former Australian Liberal Students Federation past president Xavier Boffa glassed Melbourne University Liberal Club member Benedict Kusay in a bar in Adelaide. Kusay was attending the annual general meeting of the Australian Liberal Student Federation (ALSF) as a delegate, when the former President of the institution Boffa assaulted him with two glasses. Kusay receiving emergency medical treatment and was released with three metal staples in his head. Boffa was arrested and released on bail. He was due to appear in court in mid November, facing a potential conviction for aggravated assault with a weapon. Despite many Liberal Party members calling for Boffa's membership to be terminated or suspended, no action was taken pending the court date.<ref>https://www.theage.com.au/politics/victoria/young-liberal-charged-with-glassing-factional-opponent-20190706-p524so.html</ref><ref>https://www.theage.com.au/politics/victoria/alleged-glasser-to-remain-liberal-party-member-for-now-20190708-p52594.html</ref>

In December 2019, Young LNP Treasurer Oscar Green was disciplined after a photo surfaced of him with campaign corflutes belonging to rival parties.<ref name="Bavas">{{Cite web|last=Bavas|first=state political reporter Josh|date=2019-12-05|title=Party denies cultural problem after another Young LNP member disciplined|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-12-05/young-lnp-member-link-to-corflutes-controversy/11769814|access-date=2021-07-02|website=ABC News|language=en-AU}}</ref> Senior Labor sources identified the corflutes as those that went missing during the state campaign.<ref name="Bavas"/> Though Green denied stealing the signs, his membership was suspended as a result of the discovery.<ref name="Bavas"/> At the same time the LNP were also responding to a separate incident involving Green, whereby he posted on social media a video of himself playing with what looked like a 'wooden penis'.<ref name="Bavas"/> However, in regards to the video, the party saw no grounds for disciplinary action.<ref name="Bavas"/>

In December 2019, Young Liberal National party leader Barclay McGain and Young Liberal member Jake Scott faced controversy after a video was released on the Young Liberal's Facebook page. The video showed McGain purporting to be interviewing young adults at random during [[Schoolies week]] regarding their opinions of Prime Minister Scott Morrison. In one interview McGain is shown laughing as Scott criticised Aboriginal Australians for not being able to "even invent the bloody wheel". Scott described himself in the video as "a bit of a leftie", however, subsequent investigations showed him to be a Liberal Party volunteer and active Young Liberal member. Scott and McGain both declined to comment on the video, which was widely criticised and labelled as racist by the Queensland State Government. McGain was later suspended from his role as party leader, pending further internal investigation from the Liberal Party.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/dec/03/young-liberal-national-party-leader-suspended-over-video-denigrating-indigenous-culture |title=Gold Coast Young LNP leader suspended over Schoolies video denigrating Indigenous culture |date=3 December 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203131041/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/dec/03/young-liberal-national-party-leader-suspended-over-video-denigrating-indigenous-culture |archive-date=3 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news.com/national/queensland/politics/two-gold-coast-young-liberals-in-hot-water-after-posting-racist-slur-video-online/news-story/9428d461d838322e9f63578a19d2ba14 |title=Two Gold Coast Young Liberals in hot water after posting racist slur video online |last=Fernando |first=Gavin |date=3 December 2019 |work=[[News.com.au]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203135620/https://www.news.com.au/national/queensland/politics/two-gold-coast-young-liberals-in-hot-water-after-posting-racist-slur-video-online/news-story/9428d461d838322e9f63578a19d2ba14 |archive-date=3 December 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[2020 Australian Capital Territory general election|2020 ACT Election]] saw an internal [[Liberal Party of Australia (A.C.T. Division)|ACT Liberal Party]] investigation revolve around the then ACT Young Liberal President Ben Dennehy for the destruction of [[Kurrajong electorate|Kurrajong]] [[Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Candice Burch]]'s, campaign corfultes.<ref name="Giannini">{{Cite web|last=Giannini|first=Dominic|title=Two ACT Young Liberals resign over corflute destruction|url=https://the-riotact.com/two-act-young-liberals-resign-over-corflute-destruction/445465|access-date=2021-06-28|website=The RiotACT|language=en}}</ref><ref name="the-riotact.com">{{Cite web|last=Giannini|first=Dominic|title=Prominent ACT Young Liberal faces hearings over election material tampering allegations|url=https://the-riotact.com/prominent-act-young-liberal-faces-hearings-over-election-material-tampering-allegations/422033|access-date=2021-06-28|website=The RiotACT|language=en}}</ref> It has been asserted that the ACT electoral system of [[Hare–Clark electoral system|Hare-Clark]] lends itself to internal party fights.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lowrey|first=ACT political reporter Tom|date=2020-10-12|title=Smaller battles are raging inside the larger ACT election race|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-10-12/act-election-battles-within-parties/12735120|access-date=2021-06-29|website=ABC News|language=en-AU}}</ref> The victim of these attacks, Candice Burch, was battling to maintain the fifth Kurrajong seat, however was unsuccessful.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Staff reporters|date=2020-10-23|title=The results are in, here's who's been elected to Legislative Assembly|url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6982740/the-results-are-in-heres-whos-been-elected-to-legislative-assembly/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=The Canberra Times|language=en-AU}}</ref> Within the ACT Liberal Party bringing the party into disrepute is an offence the ACT Liberal Party constitution deems worthy of expulsion.<ref name="the-riotact.com"/> The investigation began in November 2020 and concluded with the resignation of Ben Dennehy and a second ACT Young Liberal who was not named in media sources.<ref name="Giannini"/> Evidence leading to Dennehy's resignation included the discovery of video footage of Ben Dennehy 'getting out of his car and slashing Ms Burch's corflutes'.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Giannini|first=Dominic|title=ACT Young Liberal president suspended for allegedly vandalising Liberal's corflutes|url=https://the-riotact.com/act-young-liberal-president-suspended-for-allegedly-vandalising-liberals-corflutes/438287|access-date=2021-06-28|website=The RiotACT|language=en}}</ref> It has been noted that this may not have been the first instance in which Ben Dennehy has vandalized campaign material.<ref name="twitter.com">{{Cite tweet |user=The_RiotACT |number=1361208671615778819 |date=15 Feb 2021 |title=ACT Young Liberal president Ben Dennehy, who allegedly vandalised Liberal corflutes last year, has reportedly been suspended by the party|access-date=2021-06-29|language=en}}</ref> 2019 independent ACT Senate candidate Anthony Pesec commented on social media that Ben Dennehy was 'ripping corflutes down all over town' during the 2019 election.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jacobs|first=Genevieve|title=Is this the candidate who could topple Zed Seselja?|url=https://the-riotact.com/is-this-the-candidate-who-could-topple-zed-seselja/288191?utm_medium=facebook&utm_source=ra&fbclid=IwAR1TwY9T2aS2WsHhNGIQ5vJRznI4lqrBFhXt8TGsqHj-ZUrfDcW0oX2qT2g|access-date=2021-06-29|website=The RiotACT|language=en}}</ref><ref name="twitter.com"/>

==See also==
*[[Young LNP|Queensland Young LNP]]
*[[Western Australian Young Liberals]]
*[[South Australian Young Liberal Movement]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.youngliberal.org Young Liberals] official website
*[https://www.facebook.com/YoungLibs Young Liberals] on Facebook

{{Liberal Party of Australia}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Youth wings of political parties in Australia|Liberals]]
[[Category:International Young Democrat Union]]
[[Category:1945 establishments in Australia]]
[[Category:Liberal Party of Australia]]

Wikipedia:Meetup/North Florida/2012

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Tjmj: cleanup Category:Pages which use infobox templates with ignored data cells

'''North Florida Great American Wiknic''' will be on Saturday June 23, 2012 at 1:00 pm at Lighthouse Park in [[St. Augustine, FL]] near the [[St. Augustine Lighthouse]].

We are meeting under the shade trees at picnic table(s) next to the tennis courts at the Lighthouse Park. I'm wearing a blue Wikipedia Globe shirt. (Sydney Poore/FloNight)

{{Infobox
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|title = <big>Wikipedia Meetup: North Florida</big>
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|labelstyle = background:#ddf;
|datastyle =

|header1 = When and Where
|label2 = Date
|data2 = Saturday June 23, 2012
|label3 = Time
|data3 = 1:00 PM local
|label4 = City/State
|data4 = [[Saint Augustine, FL]]
|label5 = Address
|data5 =
|header6 = Attendance Information
|label7 = Registered Attendees
|data7 = 1
|label8 = Actual Attendees
|data8 = -
|header9 = Event Coordinators
|label10 = Chairperson
|data10 = [[User:FloNight|FloNight]]
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<div style="margin:auto; width:100%; text-align:center;">
[[File:Flag of Kentucky.svg|80px|border|link=Kentucky]] [[Florida|North Florida]] Meetup
</div>
<center>'''''Be a part of the [[Wikipedia:Wiknic|2012 Great American Wiknic]]''''' </center>
__notoc__

==About==
Are you involved with Wikipedia (even as just a reader)? 
Do you like free information? 
Do you like meeting new people? 

'''If you answered ''YES'' to one or more of these questions...'''
You're invited to the North Florida Wikpedia Meetup on Saturday June 23, 2012! Join us as we celebrate the 2012 Great American Wiknic. This event is a great opportunity to meet members of the broad and diverse Wikipedia community.

This event is open to anyone in [[Florida]] area, or surrounding areas including Georgia and more! If you can make it to Saint Augustine, you're invited!

Attendees are encouraged to bring a camera to take pictures, a snack, and a blanket or chair.

We ask that all prospective attendees please sign up at the bottom of this page so that we can estimate how many attendees we will have.

''Do you have a suggestion for this Meetup, or would you like to help organize it? Please post it on the talk page, or contact an event organizer.''

==Location==
[[File:St. Augustine Lighthouse.JPG|thumb|St. Augustine Lighthouse Park]]
[[File:St. Augustine Lighthouse Park, St. Augustine FL.jpg|thumb|Park area next to [[St. Augustine Lighthouse]]]]
The Wiknic is located at Lighthouse Park in [[Saint Augustine, FL]]. The park is adjacent to the [[St. Augustine Lighthouse]]. The street address is 107 Red Cox Dr., St. Augustine, FL.

We are meeting under the shade trees at picnic table(s) next to the tennis courts at the Lighthouse Park. I'm wearing a blue Wikipedia Globe shirt. (Sydney Poore/FloNight)

===Driving directions===
'''From the North''', take Exit 318 from Interstate 95 and travel east on SR 16 for 5.5 miles. Turn right on San Marco Avenue (just after crossing U.S. 1) and travel south. San Marco Avenue will pass Castillo de San Marcos and become A1A. Take the Bridge of Lions over the river (a left) and continue on A1A. Turn left onto Red Cox Road, and the lighthouse will be on your left, the park is on the right. We are meeting under the shade trees at picnic table(s) next to the tennis courts at the Lighthouse Park. I'm wearing a blue Wikipedia Globe shirt. (Sydney Poore/FloNight)

'''From the South''', take Exit 311 from Interstate 95 and travel northeast on SR 207 for 3.5 miles. Turn right onto SR 312 and continue east for 3.5 miles. Turn left onto A1A and proceed north for 1.4 miles then turn right onto Red Cox Road. The St. Augustine Lighthouse will be on your left, the park is on the right. We are meeting under the shade trees at picnic table(s) next to the tennis courts at the Lighthouse Park. I'm wearing a blue Wikipedia Globe shirt. (Sydney Poore/FloNight)

==Sign up==
Thank you for your interest in attending the North Florida Wikipedia Meetup. To sign up, please sign (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) under the appropriate heading below.

===Going===

*[[User:FloNight|FloNight]][[User talk:FloNight|♥♥♥♥]] 16:47, 29 May 2012 (UTC)
*[[User talk:Donald Albury|Donald Albury]] 00:49, 7 June 2012 (UTC)
*[[User:Markbratanov|Mark Bratanov]] 02:00, 7 June 2012 (UTC)
*[[User:KillerChihuahua|KillerChihuahua]][[User talk:KillerChihuahua|?!?]] 15:35, 8 June 2012 (UTC)
*[[User:Lungtaworld|Lungtaworld]] ([[User talk:Lungtaworld|talk]]) 10:23, 11 June 2012 (UTC) Ian D. (in Green Cove Springs)
*[[User:DL77|DL77]] ([[User talk:DL77|talk]]) 20:02, 12 June 2012 (UTC)
* [[User:Mgreason|Mgrē@sŏn]] 15:41, 20 June 2012 (UTC)
* Ed Slavin

===Maybe===

*- <s>[[User:Mgreason|Mgrē@sŏn]] 01:52, 31 May 2012 (UTC)</s>
*- <s>[[User talk:Donald Albury|Donald Albury]] 13:57, 31 May 2012 (UTC)</s>
*- <s>‖ [[User:Ebyabe|Ebyabe]] [[User talk:Ebyabe|talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Ebyabe|''Health and Welfare'']] ‖ 16:39, 31 May 2012 (UTC)</s>
* <s>- Free airplane rides for brave souls in exchange for a ride from and back to the [[Northeast Florida Regional Airport|airport]] if I attend. LOL. --[[User:Lyncs|Lyncs]] ([[User talk:Lyncs|talk]]) 20:10, 3 June 2012 (UTC)</s>
* <s>[[User:KillerChihuahua|KillerChihuahua]][[User talk:KillerChihuahua|?!?]] 15:51, 7 June 2012 (UTC)</s>
*<s>--[[User:Cuchullain|Cúchullain]] [[User talk:Cuchullain|t]]/[[Special:Contributions/Cuchullain|c]] 17:10, 14 June 2012 (UTC)</s>
*---Cozzycovers 02:45, 18 June 2012 (UTC)
*-- [[User:Willow Mc|Willow Mc]] ([[User talk:Willow Mc|talk]]) 00:25, 19 June 2012 (UTC)
*User:NHeburn2 or Nathan Heburn

===Unable to Attend===
If you are unable to attend, please feel free to leave a message to other attendees here. 
''Please do not sign up as "Unable to Attend" if you are not from this region.''
* Whenever you have one a bit closer (Orlando, Lakeland, Tampa, Winter Haven) I would make every effort to attend. St. Augustine is a 3 1/2 hour drive north of me. [[User:Wpollard|Bill Pollard]] ([[User talk:Wpollard|talk]]) 07:14, 8 June 2012 (UTC)
:*I can pick you up in my airplane if you are up to share the cost from your location to the event. --[[User:Lyncs|Lyncs]] ([[User talk:Lyncs|talk]]) 14:43, 8 June 2012 (UTC)
* Sounds like a good time, however, I wont be able to make it. It is nearly a 6 hour drive, one way, for me. I hope you have a good turnout. --[[User:Frazafraaaz|Frazafraaaz]] ([[User talk:Frazafraaaz|talk]]) 13:34, 8 June 2012 (UTC)
*I'm also down in the tampa area, the drive is a bit too far :3{{User:Dainomite/sig|21:07,6/9/2012}}
*Me too. Way too long a drive. Endorse holding Florida events closer to population centers, as suggested above. [[User:MathewTownsend|MathewTownsend]] ([[User talk:MathewTownsend|talk]]) 02:34, 10 June 2012 (UTC)
*:Suggest you two start a Tampa meetup, then. [[User:KillerChihuahua|KillerChihuahua]][[User talk:KillerChihuahua|?!?]] 05:09, 10 June 2012 (UTC)
*:: Somehow, a meeting between two relatively new editors who still may live hours away from each other (one with a total of 83 edits) seems unlikely to result in a celebration of "the 2012 Great American Wiknic. This event is a great opportunity to meet members of the broad and diverse Wikipedia community." Do you think? [[User:MathewTownsend|MathewTownsend]] ([[User talk:MathewTownsend|talk]]) 16:03, 10 June 2012 (UTC)
*:::I concur, it would be very unlikely that it would result in a celebration of "...".{{User:Dainomite/sig|08:44,6/11/2012}}
*:::: Pollard, the first comment in this section, is also in the Tampa-to-Orlando area from his post. He has several thousand edits. And there are surely others who have not posted here. [[User:KillerChihuahua|KillerChihuahua]][[User talk:KillerChihuahua|?!?]] 12:39, 11 June 2012 (UTC)
*:::: I need to be in St. Petersburg at 9am on June 23rd and live in Orlando. It's [[Wikipedia:Meetup/St._Petersburg2|ironic (and a little sad)]] that the first home of the Wikimedia Foundation (St. Petersburg) is not participating in this Meetup. --[[User_talk:Trödel|Trödel]] 13:50, 11 June 2012 (UTC)
* Closer to tampa would be great but i might come anyway
* Stuck at my mother-in-law's house that day. Sad face. [[User:Nosnevel|Nosnevel]] ([[User talk:Nosnevel|talk]]) 17:30, 18 June 2012 (UTC)
* Much as I love St. Augustine, and would love to attend, I'll have to take a pass on this one. If, sometime after this event, folks would be interested in a meetup in the [[Ocala, Florida|Ocala]] area, I'd be willing to organize such. Have fun to all those who are going. :) --‖ [[User:Ebyabe|Ebyabe]] [[User talk:Ebyabe|talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Ebyabe|''General Health'']] ‖ 17:42, 18 June 2012 (UTC)
* I live in Gainesville so Ocala is great for me.Cozzycovers 19:26, 19 June 2012 (UTC)
*This is right up the road from me in Jacksonville, but unfortunately I won't be able to swing it this time.--[[User:Cuchullain|Cúchullain]] [[User talk:Cuchullain|t]]/[[Special:Contributions/Cuchullain|c]] 16:59, 20 June 2012 (UTC)
*Weather not conducive for my flight. Enjoy your day! --[[User:Lyncs|Lyncs]] ([[User talk:Lyncs|talk]]) 00:27, 23 June 2012 (UTC)
*How disappointing, I never knew about this and I live only a short distance away. — [[User:Moe Epsilon|Moe]] [[User talk:Moe Epsilon|ε]] 08:08, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

[[Category:Great American Wiknic 2012|North Florida]]
[[Category:Wikipedia meetups in Florida|North Florida]]

Wikipedia:Meetup/Chicago 19

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Tjmj: cleanup Category:Pages which use infobox templates with ignored data cells

{{Infobox
|title = Chicago Meetup 19
|image = [[File:Wiknic logo.svg|200px]]
|imagestyle =
|caption =
|headerstyle = background:#ccf;
|labelstyle = background:#ddf;
|header1 = When and Where
|label2 = Date
|data2 = Thursday, August 8, 2019
|label3 = Time
|data3 = 6:00 pm – 9:00 pm
|label4 = Address
|data4 = Plymouth Rooftop Bar & Grill 327 S. Plymouth Ct.
|label5 = City, State
|data5 = Chicago, IL 60604
}}

== Event information ==
* '''Date:''' Thursday, August 8, 2019
* '''Time:''' 6:00 pm – 9:00 pm
* '''WMF Strategic Planning discussion:''' 7:00 pm – 8:00 pm
* '''Location:''' Plymouth Rooftop Bar & Grill 327 S. Plymouth Ct. Chicago, IL 60604
* '''Cost:''' Food will be covered, tentatively up to $10 per attendee (up to $150 total); drinks will not be covered.

==What to expect==
This event is a hybrid [[Wikipedia:Wiknic|Wiknic]] and [[meta:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2018-20/2019 Community Conversations/Strategy Salons/Announcement|strategy salon]], with funding provided by a microgrant from Wikimedia NYC. With [[meta:Wikimania 2019|Wikimania 2019]] coming up later this month, now is as good of a time as ever to discuss the 2030 strategy, which will be finalized at the conference. Since this event is also a Wiknic, it is intended to be rather casual and provide opportunities for Wikimedians to get to know one another. Everyone is welcome, regardless of Wikipedia editing experience.

===Strategy discussion===
The two thematic areas proposed for discussion are ''[[meta:Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2018-20/Working_Groups/Community_Health|community health]]'' and ''[[meta:Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2018-20/Working_Groups/Diversity#Guiding_Questions|diversity]]''. Discussion can also touch upon any of the other [[meta:Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2018-20/Working_Groups#Thematic_Areas|thematic areas]]. Scoping questions to prompt discussion are:
*{{tq|How can we ensure that our communities are places that people want to be part of and participate in, and how can we make people stay?}}
*{{tq|How can we become allies to underrepresented groups to counter the structures of power and privilege and move towards knowledge equity?}}

== Participants—Sign Up Here! ==
Sign up below to let us know you are coming! This will help greatly with event arrangements.
'''Prior to the event:''' 

# '''Do you have a Wikipedia User Name?'''
#: No? <big>'''[[Special:UserLogin/signup|Create a Wikipedia account]]'''</big>
#: Yes? '''Go to Step #2'''
# <big>'''{{font color|blue|yellow|Sign up!}}'''</big> Add your Wikipedia User Name to this section by clicking the blue button below (follow instructions). Your name will be added to the bottom of this page 
{{Meetupsig}}

[[Category:Great American Wiknic 2019]]
[[Category:Wikipedia meetups in Chicago]]

* [[User:Airplaneman|Airplaneman]] [[User talk:Airplaneman|(talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Airplaneman|✈]] 19:07, 5 August 2019 (UTC)

* [[User:Nick Number|Nick Number]] ([[User talk:Nick Number|talk]]) 02:32, 6 August 2019 (UTC)

* [[User:Drummerdg|Drummerdg]] ([[User talk:Drummerdg|talk]]) 03:05, 6 August 2019 (UTC)

* [[User:Evolution and evolvability|T.Shafee(Evo&Evo)]][[User talk:Evolution and evolvability|talk]] 06:47, 6 August 2019 (UTC) (visiting from Australia)

* [[User:Dennis McClendon|Dennis McClendon]] ([[User talk:Dennis McClendon|talk]]) 02:48, 7 August 2019 (UTC)

* [[User:Newlyprofligate|Newlyprofligate]] ([[User talk:Newlyprofligate|talk]]) 05:21, 7 August 2019 (UTC)

* [[User:Cannon3861|Cannon3861]] ([[User talk:Cannon3861|talk]]) 17:10, 7 August 2019 (UTC)

* [[User:JKPrivett|JKPrivett]] ([[User talk:JKPrivett|talk]]) 07:10, 8 August 2019 (UTC)

* [[User:Nlachicago|Nlachicago]] ([[User talk:Nlachicago|talk]]) 13:01, 8 August 2019 (UTC)

== Meetup notes ==
[[File:Chicago Wiknic 2019.jpg|thumb|Photograph of most of the attendees at the 8 August 2019 Chicago Wiknic.]]
Participants met for light fare and drinks at Plymouth Restaurant before moving to an outdoor location near [[Grant Park (Chicago)|Grant Park]]. The meetup went from 6:00pm to 9:30pm. Conversation topics flowed between Wikimedia in general and the 2030 strategy. Many attendees learned about the 2030 strategy for the first time; strategy conversation therefore tended to be more general in nature. Two main themes involved equitable access to the knowledge creation process:
# How to involve academics on Wikipedia
# How to involve non-"hardcore" users in site decisions (e.g., RFCs)

Following are some general notes from strategy-related conversation:
* Global banner notifying everyone (maybe even beyond logged-in users) about “important” decisions (for example, live RFCs, RFAs). Twitter feed? RSS feed? This may increase representation. Otherwise, only those who know where to look will be able to participate.
* Board reps for non-hardcore editors (how do we represent the interests of those who consume but do not edit, or those who neither consume nor edit? re: global encyclopedia)
* Bring in academics to contribute, especially for subjects that could use their help (re: Thomas Shafee's presentation to the American Psychological Association)
* Incentives to increase editing accessibility, content diversity
* Wiki journals minting doi legitimacy —> incentive
* Gamification of editing as a successful incentive
* 20th century idea of sources being print as being notable
* Usability testing grants for Wikimedia features

Wikipedia:Meetup/Cameroon/Wikithon/1

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{{Infobox
| title = Wikithon Cameroon 1 Wikipedia Edit-a-thon
| headerstyle = background:#ccf;
| labelstyle = background:#ddf;
| image = [[File:Wikithon Cameroon 1, 2015 Flyer.jpg|thumb|center|Wikithon Cameroon 1, 2015 Flyer]]
| imagestyle =
| caption =
| header1 = When and Where
| label2 = Date
| data2 = Saturday, July 25, 2015
| label3 = Time
| data3 = 9:00 am - 1:00 pm
| label4 = Address
| data4 = [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Goethe-Institut+Kamerun/@3.8965266,11.5068993,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x108bcf466c778cff:0x1c6169bd9bb345ba?hl=en Goethe-Institut Kamerun Library]
| label5 = City, Region
| data5 = [[Yaounde]], [[Centre Region]]
}}

The [[Goethe-Institut Kamerun]] ([[Cameroon]]) will be hosting an [[edit-a-thon]] on Saturday, 25 July 2015 which will focus on “places” and “spaces” in Cameroon.

== Event information ==
Join us for an [[edit-a-thon]] (wikithon) centered on “space” and “place” in Cameroon which will be hosted by the [http://www.goethe.de/ins/cm/en/yao/ver.cfm?fuseaction=events.detail&event_id=20562082 Goethe-Institut Kamerun]. Given that [[Cameroon]] is a bilingual country, the main languages spoken during the edit-a-thon will be '''English''' and '''French'''. The articles to be edited and created will be grouped in these two language categories. The most outstanding content-creator will receive a prize.
The event will start with a brief presentation on Wikipedia’s various activities in Cameroon, followed by a crash course on creating as well as editing content for Wikipedia before the session proper. Persons wishing to participate should register on the event’s [https://www.eventbrite.com/e/wikithon-cameroon-tickets-16958149281 Eventbrite] page.
Cameroon is made up of spaces and places. Spaces full of unique places, which each have a particular history. Filled with forests, mountains, rivers, villages, town, savannahs, lakes, monuments and shores, this mixture calls for a better description.
[http://www.geonames.org/search.html?q=&country=CM GeoNames.org] consist of more than 22.000 named locations in Cameroon. Only few of them have a Wikipedia entry, and these aren’t perfect. The challenge is to create as well as edit content related to place and space in Cameroon.

* '''Date''': Saturday, July 25, 2015
* '''Time''': 9:00 am - 1:00 pm
* '''Location''': [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Goethe-Institut+Kamerun/@3.8965266,11.5068993,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x108bcf466c778cff:0x1c6169bd9bb345ba?hl=en Library, Goethe-Institut Kamerun] 

* '''Hashtag''': [https://twitter.com/hashtag/wikithoncameroon/ #wikithoncameroon]

== Please bring ==
Please bring with you:
* '''A laptop''' or other similar device
* '''Any reference book''' you may have related to the theme
*'''Create your Wikipedia account before the event''':
*EN: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Main+Page&type=signup
*FR: https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&type=signup

== Attendees ==
Please add your Wikipedia username to the appropriate section below: 

=== Confirmed ===
* [[User:Obia Ranndy|obiaranndy]] ([[User talk:obiaranndy|talk]]) 09:30, 21 July 2015 (UTC)
* [[User:Artista Poetica|Artista Poetica]] ([[User talk:Artista Poetica|talk]]) 11:40, 7 July 2015 (UTC)
* [[User:geugeor|Georges Fodouop]] ([[User talk:geugeor|talk]]) 13:14, 7 July 2015 (UTC)
* [[User:QuartierMozart|QuartierMozart]] ([[User talk:QuartierMozart|talk]]) 12:50, 7 July 2015 (UTC)
* [[User:Geraldrico|Geraldrico]] ([[User talk:Geraldrico|talk]]) 22:54, 7 July 2015 (UTC)
* [[User:AminouT|AminouT]] ([[User talk:AminouT|talk]])
* [[User:UJung|UJung]]
* [[User:Scholarpolicy|Scholarpolicy]]
* [[User:Mndetatsin|Mndetatsin]] ([[User talk:Mndetatsin|talk]]) 13:58, 18 July 2015 (UTC)
* Folegwe II Menky
* Tchounguibl
* Gnkuo
* [[User:Nsahmala|Nsahmala]]
* Didieter
* [[User:Monique_Ngo_Mayag|Monique Ngo Mayag]]
* [[User:JedsonNtep|JedsonNtep]]



=== Tentative ===
*
*
*

=== Regrets ===
*
*

=== Participating online ===
* [[User:Huguesleandre| huguesleandre]]
* [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilisateur:Ongola_boy| OngolaBoy]

== Possible articles to edit ==
Below is a list of articles that would benefit from edits and expansion during the edit-a-thon.

'''en'''
* [[Douala_Stock_Exchange]]
* [[List_of_municipalities_of_Cameroon]]
* [[Subdivisions_of_Cameroon]]
* [[Yaounde]]

'''fr'''
*https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villes_du_Cameroun
*https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdivisions_du_Cameroun
*https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9

== Possible articles to be created ==

'''en'''
*[[List of rivers in Camerooon]]
*[[List of mountains in Cameroon]]
*[[List of Historic Landmarks in Cameroon]]
*[[List of historic sites in Cameroun]]
*[[List of natural landmarks in Cameroon]]

'''fr'''
*[[Musée des Civilisations du Cameroun]] à Dschang
*Liste des fleuves du Cameorun
*Liste des montagnes du Cameroun
*Liste des monuments historiques au Cameroun
*Liste des sites historiques au Cameroun
*Liste des Points de repère naturels au Cameroun

== Resources ==
'''Web access'''
*Wifi access will be provided to participants who bring their own laptops to the event (recommended).
*[http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/cameroon-map Map of Cameroon on National Geographic]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*
*[https://www.eventbrite.com/e/wikithon-cameroon-tickets-16958149281/ Wikithon Cameroon1 Eventbrite Registration Page ]
*[https://www.goethe.de/kamerun/ Goethe-Institut Kamerun Website]
*[http://bakwamagazine.com/2015/05/16/wikithon-cameroon-2015/ Wikithon Cameroon Call on Bakwa]

{{Coord|3.896527|N|11.506899|E|type:landmark|display=title}}

[[Category:Wikipedia edit-a-thons]]
[[Category: Wikipedia meetups in 2015]]

Template:Infobox pier/sandbox

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China women's national artistic gymnastics team

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{{Infobox
| title = China women's national gymnastics team
| label1 = Continental union | data1 = Asian Gymnastics Union
| label2 = National federation | data2 = Chinese Gymnastics Association
| header3 = [[Artistic gymnastics at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]
| label4 = Appearances | data4 = 10
| label5 = Medals | data5 = [[File:Gold medal.svg|16px]] ''Gold'': [[Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics|2008]] [[File:Bronze medal.svg|16px]] ''Bronze'': [[Gymnastics at the 1984 Summer Olympics|1984]], [[Gymnastics at the 2016 Summer Olympics|2016]]
| header6 = [[World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|World Championships]]
| label7 = Appearances | data7 = 16
| label8 = Medals |data8 = [[File:Gold_medal_world_centered-2.svg|16px]] ''Gold'': [[2006 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2006]] [[File:Silver_medal_world_centered-2.svg|16px]] ''Silver'': [[1995 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1995]], [[2007 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2007]], [[2014 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2014]], [[2015 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2015]] [[File:Bronze_medal_world_centered-2.svg|16px]] ''Bronze'': [[1989 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1989]], [[1997 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1997]], [[2010 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2010]], [[2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2011]], [[2018 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2018]]
| header9 = [[Artistic Gymnastics Junior World Championships|Junior World Championships]]
| label10 = Appearances | data10 = 1
| label11 = Medals | data11 = [[File:Silver_medal_world_centered-2.svg|16px]] ''Silver'': [[2019 Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2019]]
}}

The '''China women's national artistic gymnastics team''' represents [[China]] in [[International Federation of Gymnastics|FIG]] international competitions.

==History==
China has participated in the [[Artistic gymnastics at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] women's team competition ten times. It has won two medals, including the gold medal in 2008.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200417110855/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/CHN/summer/GYM/womens-team-all-around.html "China Gymnastics Women's Team All-Around Results"]. sports-reference.com. Retrieved 20 August 2015.</ref> The team has also won seven medals at the [[World Artistic Gymnastics Championships]], including the gold medal in 2006.

==Current senior roster==
* Chen Xiaoqing
* [[Chen Yile]]
* [[Guan Chenchen]]
* [[Fan Yilin]]
* [[Li Shijia]]
* Liu Jieyu
* Liu Jingxing
* [[Liu Tingting (gymnast)|Liu Tingting]]
* [[Luo Huan]]
* Lu Yufei
* [[Ou Yushan]]
* Qian Xuejia
* [[Qi Qi (gymnast)| Qi Qi]]
* [[Tang Xijing]]
* Wang Jingying
* [[Wei Xiaoyuan]]
* Yin Sisi
* Zhao Shiting
* [[Zhang Jin (gymnast)|Zhang Jin]]
* Zhou Ruiyu

==Team competition results==
===Olympic Games===
* [[Gymnastics at the 1928 Summer Olympics|1928]] through [[Gymnastics at the 1980 Summer Olympics|1980]] — did not participate
* [[Gymnastics at the 1984 Summer Olympics|1984]] — [[File:Bronze medal.svg|16px]] bronze medal
*:[[Ma Yanhong]], [[Wu Jiani]], [[Chen Yongyan]], [[Zhou Ping (gymnast)|Zhou Ping]], [[Zhou Qiurui]], [[Huang Qun (gymnast)|Huang Qun]]
* [[Gymnastics at the 1988 Summer Olympics|1988]] — 6th place
*:[[Chen Cuiting]], [[Fan Di]], [[Wang Wenjing (gymnast)|Wang Wenjing]], [[Wang Huiying]], [[Ma Ying (gymnast)|Ma Ying]], [[Wang Xiaoyan (gymnast)|Wang Xiaoyan]]
* [[Gymnastics at the 1992 Summer Olympics|1992]] — 4th place
*:[[Yang Bo (gymnast)|Yang Bo]], [[Lu Li]], [[Li Yifang]], [[Li Li (gymnast)|Li Li]], [[He Xuemei]], [[Zhang Xia]]
* [[Gymnastics at the 1996 Summer Olympics|1996]] — 4th place
*:[[Mo Huilan]], [[Mao Yanling]], [[Qiao Ya]], [[Liu Xuan (gymnast)|Liu Xuan]], [[Ji Liya]], [[Kui Yuanyuan]], [[Bi Wenjing]]
* [[Gymnastics at the 2000 Summer Olympics|2000]] — disqualified
*:[[Yang Yun (gymnast)|Yang Yun]], [[Ling Jie]], [[Dong Fangxiao]], [[Liu Xuan (gymnast)|Liu Xuan]], [[Huang Mandan]], [[Kui Yuanyuan]]
* [[Gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics|2004]] — 7th place
*:[[Cheng Fei]], [[Fan Ye (gymnast)|Fan Ye]], [[Li Ya]], [[Lin Li (gymnast)|Lin Li]], [[Wang Tiantian]], [[Zhang Nan (gymnast)|Zhang Nan]]
* [[Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics|2008]] — [[File:Gold medal.svg|16px]] gold medal
*:[[Yang Yilin]], [[Cheng Fei]], [[Jiang Yuyuan]], [[Deng Linlin]], [[He Kexin]], [[Li Shanshan (gymnast)|Li Shanshan]]
* [[Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics|2012]] — 4th place
*:[[Huang Qiushuang]], [[Deng Linlin]], [[Sui Lu]], [[Yao Jinnan]], [[He Kexin]]
* [[Gymnastics at the 2016 Summer Olympics|2016]] — [[File:Bronze medal.svg|16px]] bronze medal
*:[[Shang Chunsong]], [[Wang Yan (gymnast)|Wang Yan]], [[Fan Yilin]], [[Tan Jiaxin]], [[Mao Yi]]
* [[Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics|2020]] — 7th place
*:[[Lu Yufei]], [[Ou Yushan]], [[Tang Xijing]], [[Zhang Jin (gymnast)|Zhang Jin]]

===World Championships===
* [[1987 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1987]] – 4th place
*:[[Chen Cuiting]], [[Fan Di]], [[Wang Xiaoyan (gymnast)|Wang Xiaoyan]], [[Luo Feng]], [[Ma Ying (gymnast)|Ma Ying]], [[Wang Huiying]]
* [[1989 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1989]] — [[File:Bronze_medal_world_centered-2.svg|16px]] bronze medal
*:[[Yang Bo (gymnast)|Yang Bo]], [[Chen Cuiting]], [[Fan Di]], [[Li Yan (gymnast)|Li Yan]], [[Wang Wenjing (gymnast)|Wang Wenjing]], [[Ma Ying (gymnast)|Ma Ying]]
* [[1991 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1991]] – 4th place
*:[[Shi Liying]], [[Li Li (gymnast)|Li Li]], [[Li Yifang]], [[Li Yan (gymnast)|Li Yan]], [[Yang Bo (gymnast)|Yang Bo]], [[Zhang Wenning]]
* [[1994 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships (Team)|1994]] – 4th place
*:[[Mo Huilan]], [[Yuan Kexia]], [[Liu Xuan (gymnast)|Liu Xuan]], [[He Xuemei]], [[Guang Yuging]], [[Ye Linlin]], [[Qiao Ya]]
* [[1995 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1995]] — [[File:Silver_medal_world_centered-2.svg|16px]] silver medal
*:[[Mo Huilan]], [[Mao Yanling]], [[Meng Fei (gymnast)|Meng Fei]], [[Qiao Ya]], [[Liu Xuan (gymnast)|Liu Xuan]], [[Ye Linlin]], [[Ji Liya]]
* [[1997 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1997]] — [[File:Bronze_medal_world_centered-2.svg|16px]] bronze medal
*:[[Bi Wenjing]], [[Kui Yuanyuan]], [[Liu Xuan (gymnast)|Liu Xuan]], [[Meng Fei (gymnast)|Meng Fei]], [[Mo Huilan]], [[Zhou Duan]]
* [[1999 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1999]] – Disqualified{{efn|name=dq|China originally placed third, but it was discovered in 2008 that Chinese officials falsified the age of team member [[Dong Fangxiao]]; the team was officially disqualified in March 2012, with the bronze medals awarded to Ukraine, and Dong's results from this competition and the 2000 Olympics were struck from the records.<ref>[http://www.intlgymnast.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3180%3Achina-hands-bronze-from-1999-worlds-to-ukraine&catid=81%3Aheadlines&Itemid=198] China Hands Bronze from 1999 Worlds to Ukraine</ref>}}
*:[[Bai Chunyue]], [[Dong Fangxiao]], [[Huang Mandan]], [[Ling Jie]], [[Liu Xuan (gymnast)|Liu Xuan]], [[Xu Jing (gymnast)|Xu Jing]]
{{notelist}}
* [[2001 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2001]] – Did not participate
* [[2003 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2003]] — 4th place
*:[[Fan Ye (gymnast)|Fan Ye]], [[Kang Xin]], [[Li Ya]], [[Lin Li (gymnast)|Lin Li]], [[Wang Tiantian]], [[Zhang Nan (gymnast)|Zhang Nan]]
* [[2006 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2006]] — [[File:Gold_medal_world_centered-2.svg|16px]] gold medal
*:[[Cheng Fei]], [[He Ning (gymnast)|He Ning]], [[Li Ya]], [[Pang Panpan]], [[Zhang Nan (gymnast)|Zhang Nan]], [[Zhou Zhuoru]]
* [[2007 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2007]] — [[File:Silver_medal_world_centered-2.svg|16px]] silver medal
*:[[Cheng Fei]], [[He Ning (gymnast)|He Ning]], [[Jiang Yuyuan]], [[Li Shanshan (gymnast)|Li Shanshan]], [[Xiao Sha]], [[Yang Yilin]]
* [[2010 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2010]] — [[File:Bronze_medal_world_centered-2.svg|16px]] bronze medal
*:[[Deng Linlin]], [[He Kexin]], [[Huang Qiushuang]], [[Jiang Yuyuan]], [[Sui Lu]], [[Yang Yilin]]
* [[2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2011]] — [[File:Bronze_medal_world_centered-2.svg|16px]] bronze medal
*:[[He Kexin]], [[Huang Qiushuang]], [[Jiang Yuyuan]], [[Sui Lu]], [[Tan Sixin]], [[Yao Jinnan]]
* [[2014 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2014]] — [[File:Silver_medal_world_centered-2.svg|16px]] silver medal
*:[[Bai Yawen]], [[Chen Siyi]], [[Huang Huidan]], [[Shang Chunsong]], [[Tan Jiaxin]], [[Yao Jinnan]]
* [[2015 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2015]] – [[File:Silver_medal_world_centered-2.svg|16px]] silver medal
*:[[Chen Siyi]], [[Fan Yilin]], [[Mao Yi]], [[Shang Chunsong]], [[Tan Jiaxin]], [[Wang Yan (gymnast)|Wang Yan]],
* [[2018 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2018]] — [[File:Bronze_medal_world_centered-2.svg|16px]] bronze medal
*:[[Chen Yile]], [[Liu Jinru]], [[Liu Tingting (gymnast)|Liu Tingting]], [[Luo Huan]], [[Zhang Jin (gymnast)|Zhang Jin]]
* [[2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2019]] — 4th place
*:[[Chen Yile]], [[Li Shijia]], [[Liu Tingting (gymnast)|Liu Tingting]], [[Qi Qi (gymnast)|Qi Qi]], [[Tang Xijing]]

===Junior World Championships===
* [[2019 Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2019]] — [[File:Silver_medal_world_centered-2.svg|16px]] silver medal
*:[[Guan Chenchen]], [[Ou Yushan]], [[Wei Xiaoyuan]]

==Most decorated gymnasts==
This list includes all Chinese female artistic gymnasts who have won at least four medals at the [[Olympic Games]] and the [[World Artistic Gymnastics Championships]] combined.

{| class="wikitable sortable" width=100% style="text-align:center;"
|-
! style="width:1.8em;"|Rank
! class=unsortable|Gymnast
! style="width:4.5em;"|Years
! style="width:4.5em;"|Team
! style="width:4.5em;"|AA
! style="width:4.5em;"|[[Vault (gymnastics)|VT]]
! style="width:4.5em;"|[[Uneven bars|UB]]
! style="width:4.5em;"|[[Balance beam|BB]]
! style="width:4.5em;"|[[Floor (gymnastics)|FX]]
! style="width:7.0em;"|[[Gymnastics at the Summer Olympics|Olympic]] Total
! style="width:7.0em;"|[[World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|World]] Total
! style="width:4.5em;"|Total
|-
|1
|[[Cheng Fei]]
|2005–2008
| [[File:Gold medal olympic.svg|16px]] [[Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic team all-around|2008]] [[File:Gold medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2006 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2006]] [[File:Silver medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2007 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2007]]
|
| [[File:Bronze medal olympic.svg|16px]] [[Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's vault|2008]] [[File:Gold medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2005 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2005]] [[File:Gold medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2006 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2006]] [[File:Gold medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2007 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2007]]
|
| [[File:Bronze medal olympic.svg|16px]] [[Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's balance beam|2008]]
| [[File:Gold medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2006 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2006]]
|3 ||6 ||9
|-
|2
|[[He Kexin]]
|2008–2012
| [[File:Gold medal olympic.svg|16px]] [[Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic team all-around|2008]] [[File:Bronze medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2010 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2010]] [[File:Bronze medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2011]]
|
|
| [[File:Gold medal olympic.svg|16px]] [[Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's uneven bars|2008]] [[File:Silver medal olympic.svg|16px]] [[Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's uneven bars|2012]] [[File:Gold medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2009 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2009]]
|
|
| 3 || 3 || 6
|-
| 3
| [[Sui Lu]]
| 2009–2012
| [[File:Bronze medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2010 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2010]] [[File:Bronze medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2011]]
|
|
|
| [[File:Silver medal olympic.svg|16px]] [[Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's balance beam|2012]] [[File:Gold medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2011]]
| [[File:Silver medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2011]] [[File:Bronze medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2009 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2009]]
| 1 || 5 || 6
|-
| 4
| [[Yang Yilin]]
| 2007–2010
| [[File:Gold medal olympic.svg|16px]] [[Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic team all-around|2008]] [[File:Silver medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2007 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2007]] [[File:Bronze medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2010 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2010]]
| [[File:Bronze medal olympic.svg|16px]] [[Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic individual all-around|2008]]
|
| [[File:Bronze medal olympic.svg|16px]] [[Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's uneven bars|2008]] [[File:Bronze medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2007 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2007]]
|
|
| 3 || 3 || 6
|-
| 5
| [[Deng Linlin]]
| 2008–2012
| [[File:Gold medal olympic.svg|16px]] [[Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic team all-around|2008]] [[File:Bronze medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2010 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2010]]
|
|
|
| [[File:Gold medal olympic.svg|16px]] [[Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's balance beam|2012]] [[File:Gold medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2009 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2009]] [[File:Silver medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2010 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2010]]
|
| 2 || 3 || 5
|-
| 6
| [[Ma Yanhong]]
| 1979–1984
| [[File:Bronze medal olympic.svg|16px]] [[Gymnastics at the 1984 Summer Olympics|1984]] [[File:Silver medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[1981 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1981]]
|
|
| [[File:Gold medal olympic.svg|16px]] [[Gymnastics at the 1984 Summer Olympics|1984]] [[File:Gold medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[1979 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1979]] [[File:Silver medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[1981 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1981]]
|
|
| 2 || 3 || 5
|-
| 7
| [[Mo Huilan]]
| 1995–1997
| [[File:Silver medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[1995 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1995]] [[File:Bronze medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[1997 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1997]]
|
| [[File:Silver medal olympic.svg|16px]] [[Gymnastics at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's vault|1996]]
| [[File:Silver medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[1995 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1995]]
| [[File:Gold medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[1995 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1995]]
|
| 1 || 4 || 5
|-
| rowspan="2" | 8
| [[Jiang Yuyuan]]
| 2007–2011
| [[File:Gold medal olympic.svg|16px]] [[Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic team all-around|2008]] [[File:Silver medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2007 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2007]] [[File:Bronze medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2010 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2010]] [[File:Bronze medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2011]]
| [[File:Silver medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2010 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2010]]
|
|
|
|
| 1 || 4 || 5
|-
| [[Yao Jinnan]]
| 2011–2014
| [[File:Silver medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2014 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2014]] [[File:Bronze medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2011]]
| [[File:Bronze medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2011]]
|
| [[File:Gold medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2014 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2014]]
| [[File:Silver medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2011]]
|
| 0 || 5 || 5
|-
| 10
| [[Liu Xuan (gymnast)|Liu Xuan]]
| 1995–2000
| [[File:Silver medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[1995 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1995]] [[File:Bronze medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[1997 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1997]]
| [[File:Bronze medal olympic.svg|16px]] [[Gymnastics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic individual all-around|2000]]
|
|
| [[File:Gold medal olympic.svg|16px]] [[Gymnastics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's balance beam|2000]] [[File:Bronze medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[1996 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1996]]
|
| 2 || 3 || 5
|-
| 11
| [[Fan Yilin]]
| 2015–2017
| [[File:Bronze medal olympic.svg|16px]] [[Gymnastics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic team all-around|2016]] [[File:Silver medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2015 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2015]]
|
|
| [[File:Gold medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2015 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2015]] [[File:Gold medal world centered-2.svg|16px]] [[2017 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2017]]
|
|
| 1 || 3 || 4
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{National sports teams of China}}
{{National Women's Artistic Gymnastics Teams}}

[[Category:Gymnastics in China]]
[[Category:National gymnastics teams]]
[[Category:Women's national sports teams of China]]

Template:Infobox pier

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Template:Youth Olympic Games sidebar

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{{infobox| above = [[Youth Olympic Games]]
| image = [[File:Youth Olympic Games New Logo.svg|250px]]
| caption = The logo of Youth Olympic Games
| bodyclass = hlist
| headerstyle = border-top: 1px solid #aaa
| header1 = Summer Games
| data2 =
* [[2010 Summer Youth Olympics|2010]]
* [[2014 Summer Youth Olympics|2014]]
* [[2018 Summer Youth Olympics|2018]]
* ''[[2026 Summer Youth Olympics|2026]]''
* ''[[2030 Summer Youth Olympics|2030]]''
| header3 = Winter Games
| data4 =
* [[2012 Winter Youth Olympics|2012]]
* [[2016 Winter Youth Olympics|2016]]
* [[2020 Winter Youth Olympics|2020]]
* ''[[2024 Winter Youth Olympics|2024]]''
| header5 = Sports
| data6 = Summer:
* [[Archery at the Youth Olympic Games|Archery]]
* [[Athletics at the Youth Olympic Games|Athletics]]
* [[Badminton at the Youth Olympic Games|Badminton]]
* [[Basketball at the Youth Olympic Games|Basketball]]
* [[Beach volleyball at the Youth Olympic Games|Beach volleyball]]
* [[Boxing at the Youth Olympic Games|Boxing]]
* [[Canoeing at the Youth Olympic Games|Canoeing]]
* [[Cycling at the Youth Olympic Games|Cycling]]
* [[Diving at the Youth Olympic Games|Diving]]
* [[Equestrian at the Youth Olympic Games|Equestrian]]
* [[Fencing at the Youth Olympic Games|Fencing]]
* [[Field hockey at the Youth Olympic Games|Field hockey]]
* [[Football at the Youth Olympic Games|Football]]
* [[Futsal at the Youth Olympic Games|Futsal]]
* [[Golf at the Youth Olympic Games|Golf]]
* [[Gymnastics at the Youth Olympic Games|Gymnastics]]
* [[Handball at the Youth Olympic Games|Handball]]
* [[Judo at the Youth Olympic Games|Judo]]
* [[Modern pentathlon at the Youth Olympic Games|Modern pentathlon]]
* [[Rowing at the Youth Olympic Games|Rowing]]
* [[Rugby sevens at the Youth Olympic Games|Rugby sevens]]
* [[Sailing at the Youth Olympic Games|Sailing]]
* [[Shooting at the Youth Olympic Games|Shooting]]
* [[Swimming at the Youth Olympic Games|Swimming]]
* [[Table tennis at the Youth Olympic Games|Table tennis]]
* [[Taekwondo at the Youth Olympic Games|Taekwondo]]
* [[Tennis at the Youth Olympic Games|Tennis]]
* [[Triathlon at the Youth Olympic Games|Triathlon]]
* [[Volleyball at the Youth Olympic Games|Volleyball]]
* [[Weightlifting at the Youth Olympic Games|Weightlifting]]
* [[Wrestling at the Youth Olympic Games|Wrestling]]
| data7 = Winter:
* [[Alpine skiing at the Youth Olympic Games|Alpine skiing]]
* [[Biathlon at the Youth Olympic Games|Biathlon]]
* [[Bobsleigh at the Youth Olympic Games|Bobsleigh]]
* [[Cross-country skiing at the Youth Olympic Games|Cross-country skiing]]
* [[Curling at the Youth Olympic Games|Curling]]
* [[Figure skating at the Youth Olympic Games|Figure skating]]
* [[Freestyle skiing at the Youth Olympic Games|Freestyle skiing]]
* [[Ice hockey at the Youth Olympic Games|Ice hockey]]
* [[Luge at the Youth Olympic Games|Luge]]
* [[Nordic combined at the Youth Olympic Games|Nordic combined]]
* [[Short track speed skating at the Youth Olympic Games|Short track speed skating]]
* [[Skeleton at the Youth Olympic Games|Skeleton]]
* [[Ski jumping at the Youth Olympic Games|Ski jumping]]
* [[Snowboarding at the Youth Olympic Games|Snowboarding]]
* [[Speed skating at the Youth Olympic Games|Speed skating]]
| header8 = Medals
| data9 = [[All-time Youth Olympic Games medal table|Medal Standings]]
}}

FITkit (hardware)

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{{Primary sources|date=October 2009}}
{{Infobox
| image = [[File:fitkit.png|128px|alt=FITkit]]
| imagestyle =
| headerstyle = background:#ccf;
| datastyle = text-align: left;
| header1 = Hardware
| label2 = MCU
| data2 = MSP430 ([[Texas Instruments]])
| label3 = FPGA
| data3 = Spartan 3 XC3S50-4PQ208C
| label4 = USB interface
| data4 = [[FTDI]] FT2232C
| header5 = I/O
| data6 = Audio interface
| data7 = [[PS2]] connectors
| data8 = [[RS232]] connector
| data9 = [[Keyboard (computing)|Keyboard]]
| data10 = Line [[LCD]] display
| data11 = Expansion connectors
| label12 = [[License]]
| data12 = [[BSD licenses]]
| label13 = [[Website]]
| data13 = http://merlin.fit.vutbr.cz/FITkit
}}

'''FITkit''' is a [[Electronic hardware|hardware]] platform used for educational purposes at the [[Brno University of Technology]] in the [[Czech Republic]].

==FITkit==
The ''FITkit'' contains a low-power [[microcontroller]], a field programmable gate array chip ([[FPGA]]) and a set of peripherals.
Utilizing advanced reconfigurable hardware, the ''FITkit'' may be modified to suit various tasks.

Configuration of the [[FPGA]] chip can be specified using the [[VHDL]] hardware description language (i.e. [[VHSIC]] [[hardware description language]]).

Software for the [[Microcontroller]] is written in [[C (programming language)|C]] and compiled using the [[GNU Compiler Collection]].
Configuration of the [[FPGA]] chip is synthesized from the source [[VHDL]] code using professional design tools, which are also available free of charge.

==Use in education==
The ''FITkit'' serves as an educational tool in several courses throughout the bachelor's and master's degree programmes. Students are expected to create an [[FPGA]] [[Interpreter (computing)|interpreter]] design of a simple programming language (such as [[Brainfuck]]) as part of the Design of Computer Systems course.<ref>https://www.fit.vutbr.cz/study/courses/INP</ref>

==Licensing==
The project is developed as an open-source (software) and open-core (hardware), under the [[BSD license]].

==Related projects==
* QDevKit, multiplatform development environment for FITkit ([[Linux]], [[BSD]] and [[Microsoft Windows]] operating systems)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://merlin.fit.vutbr.cz/FITkit/en/uvod.html Official website]
* [http://merlin.fit.vutbr.cz/FITkit/en/tym.html FITkit team]
* [http://www.fit.vutbr.cz/index.php.en Faculty of Information Technology] ([[Brno University of Technology]])
* [https://www.fit.vutbr.cz/study/courses/INP Design of Computer Systems course website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fitkit (Hardware)}}
[[Category:Embedded systems]]
[[Category:Software using the BSD license]]

Template:Infobox Pan American Games event/doc

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{{Documentation subpage}}
{{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Check for unknown parameters}}

==Usage==
<pre>
{{Infobox Pan American Games event
| event =
| year =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| venue =
| venues =
| date =
| start_date = {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD|mf=y}}
| end_date = {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD|mf=y}}
| competitors =
| nations =
| teams =
| win_label =
| win_value =
| website = {{Official URL|}}
| gold =
| goldNOC =
| gold2 =
| goldNOC2 =
| silver =
| silverNOC =
| bronze =
| bronzeNOC =
| prev =
| next =
}}
</pre>

==Parameters==
; event : (required) Name of the individual event only
; year : (required) Year such as <code>2006</code> or <code>1954</code>, for example
; image : file name of the image
; image_size : (optional) specify width or size in px
; alt : [[alt text]] for the image
; caption : (optional) displayed below the image
; venue ''or'' venues : (either of the two is required)
; date : required for single-day events.
; start_date ''and'' end_date : required for multi-day events. Use {{tlx|Start date|YYYY|MM|DD|mf{{=}}y}} and {{Tlx|End date|YYYY|MM|DD|mf{{=}}y}}
; competitors : (optional) total number of competitors for individual events
; teams : (optional, only in team-sports) number of teams in the tournament for team sports
; nations : (optional) total number of ''unique'' nations represented
; win_time ''or'' win_score : winning time or score; choice of parameter affects the label.
; win_label ''and'' win_value : use this to specify an alternative label and value
; gold, silver, bronze : Athlete name or team name. Use {{para|gold|<nowiki>{{flagPASOteam|IND|2010}}</nowiki>}} (for example) for a team name, instead of giving a full list of athletes. For duos and small teams, separate entries with {{tlx|plainlist}}
; goldNOC, silverNOC, bronzeNOC : (Optional) PASO country code for the gold medal winner. Do not specify this if the {{para|gold}} parameter specifies a team name instead of an individual name.
; gold2 and goldNOC2 : As for {{para|gold}} and {{para|gold_nation}}, but used for situations where there is a tie for first place and two gold medals are awarded (The template currently supports up to three of each medal type.).
; prev : Link to article on the same event/sport from the previous edition of the Pan American Games
; next : Link to article on the same event/sport from the following edition of the Pan American Games

==Example==

===Individual event===
[[Boxing at the 2011 Pan American Games – Welterweight]]

{{Infobox Pan American Games event
| event = Boxing – Men's welterweight
| year = 2011
| image = Boxing pictogram.svg
| image_size = 80px
| venue = [[Expo Guadalajara Arena]]
| start_date = {{start date|2011|10|22}}
| end_date = {{end date|2011|10|29}}
| competitors = 11
| nations = 11
| gold = [[Carlos Banteux]]
| goldNOC = CUB
| silver = [[Oscar Molina]]
| silverNOC = MEX
| bronze = [[Mian Hussain]]
| bronzeNOC = CAN
| bronze2 = [[Myke Carvalho]]
| bronzeNOC2 = BRA
| prev = [[Boxing at the 2007 Pan American Games|2007]]
| next = [[Boxing at the 2015 Pan American Games – Men's Welterweight|2015]]
}}

<pre style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre;">
{{Infobox Pan American Games event
| event = Boxing – Men's welterweight
| year = 2011
| image = Boxing pictogram.svg
| image_size = 80px
| venue = [[Expo Guadalajara Arena]]
| start_date = {{start date|2011|10|22}}
| end_date = {{end date|2011|10|29}}
| competitors = 11
| nations = 11
| gold = [[Carlos Banteux]]
| goldNOC = CUB
| silver = [[Oscar Molina]]
| silverNOC = MEX
| bronze = [[Mian Hussain]]
| bronzeNOC = CAN
| bronze2 = [[Myke Carvalho]]
| bronzeNOC2 = BRA
| prev = [[Boxing at the 2007 Pan American Games|2007]]
| next = [[Boxing at the 2015 Pan American Games – Men's Welterweight|2015]]
}}
</pre>
{{clear}}

===Team event===
[[Archery at the 2015 Pan American Games – Men's team]]

{{Infobox Pan American Games event
| event = Archery – Men's team
| games = 2015
| image = Archery pictogram.svg
| image_size = 80px
| caption =
| venue = [[Varsity Stadium]]
| dates = July 14–17
| competitors = 21
| nations = 7
| win_value =
| win_label = Winning score
| gold = {{ubl|[[Juan René Serrano]] |[[Ernesto Horacio Boardman]]|[[Luis Álvarez (archer)|Luis Álvarez]]}}
| goldNOC = MEX
| silver = {{ubl|[[Zach Garrett]] |[[Brady Ellison]]|[[Collin Klimitchek]]}}
| silverNOC = USA
| bronze = {{ubl|[[Marcus Vinicius D'Almeida]]|[[Bernardo Oliveira]]|[[Daniel Xavier]]}}
| bronzeNOC = BRA
| prev = [[Archery at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's team|2011]]
| next =
}}

<pre style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre;">
{{Infobox Pan American Games event
| event = Archery – Men's team
| games = 2015
| image = Archery pictogram.svg
| image_size = 80px
| caption =
| venue = [[Varsity Stadium]]
| dates = July 14–17
| competitors = 21
| nations = 7
| win_value =
| win_label = Winning score
| gold = {{ubl|[[Juan René Serrano]] |[[Ernesto Horacio Boardman]]|[[Luis Álvarez (archer)|Luis Álvarez]]}}
| goldNOC = MEX
| silver = {{ubl|[[Zach Garrett]] |[[Brady Ellison]]|[[Collin Klimitchek]]}}
| silverNOC = USA
| bronze = {{ubl|[[Marcus Vinicius D'Almeida]]|[[Bernardo Oliveira]]|[[Daniel Xavier]]}}
| bronzeNOC = BRA
| prev = [[Archery at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's team|2011]]
| next =
}}
</pre>
{{clear}}

== Microformat ==
{{UF-hcal}}

== Tracking category ==
* {{clc|Pages using infobox Pan American Games event with unknown parameters}}

== See also ==
* {{tl|Infobox sports competition event}}
* {{tl|Infobox Olympic event}}
* {{tl|Infobox Commonwealth Games event}}
* {{tl|Infobox Southeast Asian Games event}}
* {{tl|Infobox Asian Games event}}

<includeonly>{{sandbox other||

[[Category:Pan American Games infobox templates]]
[[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]]
}}</includeonly>

Template:Infobox Pan American Games event

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{{infobox
| decat = yes 
| bodystyle = border-collapse:collapse;
| abovestyle = font-size:125%; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0.2em;
| labelstyle = padding-left:0.2em;
| datastyle = padding:0.2em;

| above = {{#if:{{{event|}}}|{{{event}}} at the {{nowrap|{{#switch:{{{year|{{{games}}}}}}
|1951 = I Pan American Games
|1955 = II Pan American Games
|1959 = III Pan American Games
|1963 = IV Pan American Games
|1967 = V Pan American Games
|1971 = VI Pan American Games
|1975 = VII Pan American Games
|1979 = VIII Pan American Games
|1983 = IX Pan American Games
|1987 = X Pan American Games
|1991 = XI Pan American Games
|1995 = XII Pan American Games
|1999 = XIII Pan American Games
|2003 = XIV Pan American Games
|2007 = XV Pan American Games
|2011 = XVI Pan American Games
|2015 = XVII Pan American Games
|2019 = XVIII Pan American Games
|#default = Pan American Games
}}}}}}
| imagestyle = border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0.2em;
| image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{image_size|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}}
| caption = {{{caption|}}}

| label1 = Venue{{#if:{{{venues|}}}|s}}
| data1 = {{#if:{{{venues|}}}|{{{venues}}}|{{{venue|}}}}}

| label2 = Date{{#if:{{{dates|}}}|s}}
| data2 = {{#if:{{{dates|}}}|{{{dates}}}|{{{date|}}}}}

| label3 = Start date
| data3 = {{{start_date|}}}

| label4 = End date
| data4 = {{{end_date|}}}

| label5 = {{abbr|No.|Number}} of events
| data5 = {{{num_events|}}}

| label6 = Competitors
| data6 = {{#if:{{{competitors|}}}|{{{competitors}}}{{#if:{{{nations|}}}| from {{{nations}}} {{#ifeq:{{{nations}}}|1|nation|nations}}}}}}

| label7 = Teams
| data7= {{{teams|}}}

| label8 = {{#if:{{{win_label|}}}|{{{win_label}}}|Winning time}}
| data8 = {{{win_value|}}}

| headerstyle = border-top:1px solid #aaa;
| header9 = {{#if:{{{gold|}}}{{{silver|}}}{{{bronze|}}}|Medalists}}
| data10 = {{#if:{{{gold|}}}{{{silver|}}}{{{bronze|}}}|
<table style="background-color:#f9f9f9;">{{#if:{{{gold|}}}|<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td>[[File:Gold medal icon.svg|14px|Gold medal]] </td><td class="nowraplinks">{{{gold}}}{{#if:{{{goldNOC|}}}|{{#if:{{{longnames|}}}| |</td><td> }}{{flagPASO|{{{goldNOC}}}|{{{games|}}}||{{#if:{{{goldPASO|}}}|PASO}}}}}}</td></tr>}}{{#if:{{{gold2|}}}|<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td>[[File:Gold medal icon.svg|14px|Gold medal]] </td><td class="nowraplinks">{{{gold2}}}{{#if:{{{goldNOC2|}}}|{{#if:{{{longnames|}}}| |</td><td> }}{{flagPASO|{{{goldNOC2}}}|{{{games|}}}||{{#if:{{{goldPASO2|}}}|PASO}}}}}}</td></tr>}}{{#if:{{{gold3|}}}|<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td>[[File:Gold medal icon.svg|14px|Gold medal]] </td><td class="nowraplinks">{{{gold3}}}{{#if:{{{goldNOC3|}}}|{{#if:{{{longnames|}}}| |</td><td> }}{{flagPASO|{{{goldNOC3}}}|{{{games|}}}||{{#if:{{{goldPASO3|}}}|PASO}}}}}}</td></tr>}}{{#if:{{{silver|}}}|<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td>[[File:Silver medal icon.svg|14px|Silver medal]] </td><td class="nowraplinks">{{{silver}}}{{#if:{{{silverNOC|}}}|{{#if:{{{longnames|}}}| |</td><td> }}{{flagPASO|{{{silverNOC}}}|{{{games|}}}||{{#if:{{{silverPASO|}}}|PASO}}}}}}</td></tr>}}{{#if:{{{silver2|}}}|<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td>[[File:Silver medal icon.svg|14px|Silver medal]] </td><td class="nowraplinks">{{{silver2}}}{{#if:{{{silverNOC2|}}}|{{#if:{{{longnames|}}}| |</td><td> }}{{flagPASO|{{{silverNOC2}}}|{{{games|}}}||{{#if:{{{silverPASO2|}}}|PASO}}}}}}</td></tr>}}{{#if:{{{silver3|}}}|<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td>[[File:Silver medal icon.svg|14px|Silver medal]] </td><td class="nowraplinks">{{{silver3}}}{{#if:{{{silverNOC3|}}}|{{#if:{{{longnames|}}}| |</td><td> }}{{flagPASO|{{{silverNOC3}}}|{{{games|}}}||{{#if:{{{silverPASO3|}}}|PASO}}}}}}</td></tr>}}{{#if:{{{bronze|}}}|<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td>[[File:Bronze medal icon.svg|14px|Bronze medal]] </td><td class="nowraplinks">{{{bronze}}}{{#if:{{{bronzeNOC|}}}|{{#if:{{{longnames|}}}| |</td><td> }}{{flagPASO|{{{bronzeNOC}}}|{{{games|}}}||{{#if:{{{bronzePASO|}}}|PASO}}}}}}</td></tr>}}{{#if:{{{bronze2|}}}|<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td>[[File:Bronze medal icon.svg|14px|Bronze medal]] </td><td class="nowraplinks">{{{bronze2}}}{{#if:{{{bronzeNOC2|}}}|{{#if:{{{longnames|}}}| |</td><td> }}{{flagPASO|{{{bronzeNOC2}}}|{{{games|}}}||{{#if:{{{bronzePASO2|}}}|PASO}}}}}}</td></tr>}}{{#if:{{{bronze3|}}}|<tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td>[[File:Bronze medal icon.svg|14px|Bronze medal]] </td><td class="nowraplinks">{{{bronze3}}}{{#if:{{{bronzeNOC3|}}}|{{#if:{{{longnames|}}}| |</td><td> }}{{flagPASO|{{{bronzeNOC3}}}|{{{games|}}}||{{#if:{{{bronzePASO3|}}}|PASO}}}}}}</td></tr>}}</table>}}
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{{Documentation}}
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List of countries by unemployment rate

2021-05-29T16:51:30Z

Tjmj: Undid revision 1024598056 by 109.175.96.147 (talk)

{{short description|Wikipedia list article}}
This is a '''list of countries by unemployment rate'''. Methods of calculation and presentation of [[unemployment rate]] vary from country to country.
Some countries count insured unemployed only, some count those in receipt of welfare benefit only, some count the disabled and other permanently unemployable people, some countries count those who choose (and are financially able) not to work, supported by their spouses and caring for a family, some count students at college and so on. There may also be differences in the minimum requirements and some consider people employed even if only marginally associated with employment market (for example, working only one hour per week).<ref name="Gallup-Unemployment">{{cite web|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/189068/bls-unemployment-seasonally-adjusted.aspx|title=Real Unemployment -- Department of Labor (U-6)|work=Gallup|access-date=1 September 2017|date=August 2017}}</ref>

There can be differences in the age limit. For example, [[Eurostat]] uses 15 to 74 years old when calculating unemployment rate, and the [[Bureau of Labor Statistics]] uses anyone 16 years of age or older (in both cases, people who are under education, retired, on maternity/paternity leave, prevented from working due to health, or do not work but have been inactive in seeking employment in the last four weeks are excluded from the [[workforce]], and therefore not counted as unemployed).<ref name="Eurostat-unem">{{cite web| url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Unemployment_statistics | title=Unemployment statistics | work=Eurostat | access-date=1 September 2017 | date=August 2017}}</ref><ref name="BLS-how">{{cite web| url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/cps_htgm.htm | title=Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey – How the Government Measures Unemployment | work=Bureau of Labor Statistics | access-date=1 September 2017 | date=8 October 2015}}</ref> Unemployment rates are often [[seasonally adjusted]] to avoid variations that depend on time of year.<ref name="Eurostat-unem"/><ref name="BLS-how"/> [[List of countries by employment rate|Employment rate as a percentage of total population in working age]] is sometimes used instead of unemployment rate.

For purposes of comparison, harmonized values are published by [[International Labour Organization]] (ILO) and by [[OECD]].
The [https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS ILO harmonized unemployment rate] refers to those who are currently not working but are willing and able to work for pay, currently available to work, and have actively searched for work. The [https://data.oecd.org/unemp/unemployment-rate.htm#indicator-chart OECD harmonized unemployment rate] gives the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force. Most unemployment rates given in the table below are derived from national statistics and therefore not directly comparable.

== List ==
{{srn}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers" style=text-align:right
|- style="static-row-header;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center"
!Country!! data-sort-type="number" | Unemployment rate (%) !! Source / date of information
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Afghanistan}}||11.2||<ref name=WB>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?view=chart|title=Unemployment, total (% of total labor force)|publisher=World Bank}}</ref>June 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Albania}}||11.9||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.instat.gov.al/media/6210/atfp-t2-2019.pdf|title=Instituti i Statistikave|publisher=Instituti i Statistikave – Tiranë}}</ref>Q2 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Algeria}}||11.5||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|American Samoa}} ([[United States]])''|| 18.0 ||<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.gao.gov/assets/670/662127.pdf|title=Economic Indicators Since Minimum Wage Increases Began|publisher=GAO|date=March 2014}}</ref>2012
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Andorra}}||3.7||<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/220rank.html|title=Unemployment rate, Country Comparison to the World|work=The World Factbook|publisher=[[CIA]]|access-date=24 June 2020}}</ref>2016
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Angola}}||6.8||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Anguilla}} ([[United Kingdom]])''||7.8||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.ai/statistics/labour_force_survey.htm |title=Statistics |publisher=Anguilla Statistics Department |year=2002 |access-date=2013-02-24}}</ref>July 2013
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Antigua and Barbuda}}||11.0||<ref name="CIA" />2014
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Argentina}}||11.0||<ref name="INDEC">{{cite web|title=Mercado de trabajo. Tasas e indicadores socioeconómicos (EPH)|date=March 2021|url=https://www.indec.gob.ar/uploads/informesdeprensa/mercado_trabajo_eph_4trim20126C4AD8D8.pdf|publisher=INDEC}}</ref>Q4 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Armenia}}||17.5||<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.armstat.am/en/?nid=12&id=08010&submit=Search|title=Unemployment rate|publisher=[[Statistical Committee of Armenia]] |date=2019}}</ref>Q2 2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Aruba}} ([[Netherlands]])''||7.7||<ref>{{cite web |author=Country: Aruba |url=https://theodora.com/wfbcurrent/aruba/aruba_economy.html |title=Aruba Economy 2019 |access-date=2019-06-10}}</ref>2016
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Australia}}||7.1||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/6050C537617B613BCA25836800102753?Opendocument|title= Labour Force, Australia, May 2020|publisher=[[Australian Bureau |ABS]]|date=18 June 2020}}</ref>May 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Austria}}||5.7||<ref name=Eurostat>{{cite web|url=https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=une_rt_m&lang=en|title=Unemployment by sex and age – monthly data|work=Eurostat}}</ref>January 2021
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Azerbaijan}}||6.0||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|The Bahamas}}||11.3||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Bahrain}}||0.8||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Bangladesh}}||4.2{{efn|About 40% of the population is underemployed; many are accounted as employed work only a few hours a week and at low wages.}}||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Barbados}}||10.9||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Belarus}}||4.6||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Belgium}}||5.6||<ref name="Eurostat" />January 2021
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Belize}}||6.4||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Benin}}||2.0||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Bermuda}}||7.0||<ref name="CIA" />2017
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Bhutan}}||2.4||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Bolivia}}||3.5||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}||18.4||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Botswana}}||18.7||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Brazil}}||13.9|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibge.gov.br/indicadores#desemprego|title=Painel de Indicadores: Desemprego|work=IBGE}}</ref>Q4 2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|British Virgin Islands}} ([[United Kingdom]])''||2.9||<ref name="CIA" />2015
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Brunei}}||9.0||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Bulgaria}}||5.5||<ref name="Eurostat" />January 2021
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Burkina Faso}}||6.4||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Burundi}}||1.4||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Cambodia}}||0.7{{efn|"Countries with large informal sectors, such as Cambodia, Indonesia and Myanmar, continue to have high shares of vulnerable employment, in the order of 60 per cent"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cambodiadaily.com/news/cambodias-low-jobless-rate-hides-harsh-reality-106803/|title=Cambodia's Low Jobless Rate Hides Harsh Reality|work=The Cambodia Daily|date=29 January 2016}}</ref>}}||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Cameroon}}||3.4||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Canada}}||7.5||<ref>{{cite web|title=Canada: Unemployment rate from 2009 to 2021|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/263696/unemployment-rate-in-canada/|access-date=2020-09-04}}</ref>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Cape Verde}}||12.3||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Cayman Islands}} ([[United Kingdom]])''||3.5||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eso.ky/indicators_page.html#3|title=Indicators. Labour Force: Summary Indicators by Sex|publisher=Cayman Islands – The Economics & Statistics Office}}</ref>2019
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Central African Republic}}||3.7||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Chad}}||1.9||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Chile}}||10.4||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.cl/estadisticas/sociales/mercado-laboral/ocupacion-y-desocupacion|title=Tasa de desocupación nacional|language=es |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas}}</ref>Q1 2021
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|China, People's Republic of}}||5.3||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/unemployment-rate/china/|title=Unemployment Rate and Employment Data in China|work=Takeprofit.org}}</ref>Q3 2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}} ([[Australia]])''||6.7||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stat.abs.gov.au/itt/r.jsp?RegionSummary&region=90102&dataset=ABS_REGIONAL_ASGS&geoconcept=REGION&datasetASGS=ABS_REGIONAL_ASGS&datasetLGA=ABS_REGIONAL_LGA&regionLGA=REGION&regionASGS=REGION|title=Cocos (Keeling) Islands : Region Data Summary|publisher=ABS}}</ref>2011
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Colombia}}||14.2||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/indicadores-economicos|title=Indicadores económicos: Desempleo|work=Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica}}</ref>March 2021
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Comoros}}||4.4||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Congo}}||9.3||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|DR Congo}}||30.3||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Cook Islands}}''||13.1||<ref name="CIA" />2005
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Costa Rica}}||22.0||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inec.cr/|title=TDA - Tasa de Desempleo Abierta|date=2020-11-01|publisher=INEC|access-date=2020-11-26}}</ref>Q3 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Croatia}}||7.1||<ref name="Eurostat" />January 2021
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Cuba}}||1.6||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Cyprus}}||10.5||<ref name="Eurostat" />October 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Czech Republic}}||3.2||<ref name="Eurostat" />January 2021
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Denmark}}||6.1||<ref name="Eurostat" />January 2021
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Djibouti}}||10.3||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Dominica}}||23.0||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/news/general/dominica-has-third-highest-unemployment-rate-in-caribbean/|title=Dominica has third highest unemployment rate in Caribbean|access-date=2019-06-10}}</ref>2016
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Dominican Republic}}||5.9||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|East Timor}}||4.6||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Ecuador}}||4.9||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/unemployment-rate/ecuador/|title=Unemployment Rate and Employment Data in Ecuador|work=Takeprofit.org}}</ref>Q4 2019
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Egypt}}||5.7||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2794696/egypt%E2%80%99s-unemployment-falls-lowest-levels-14-years|title=Egypt’s Unemployment Falls to Lowest Levels in 14 Years|work=aawsat.com}}</ref>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|El Salvador}}||4.2||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Equatorial Guinea}}||6.5||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Eritrea}}||5.2||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Estonia}}||6.9||<ref name="Eurostat" />December 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Eswatini}}||22.0||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Ethiopia}}||2.1||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|European Union}}''||7.3||<ref name="Eurostat" />January 2021
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Faroe Islands}} ([[Denmark]])''||1.5||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hagstova.fo/fo/tidindi/arbei%C3%B0sloysi%C3%B0-09-%C3%AD-septembur-n%C3%BA-s%C3%B8guliga-l%C3%A1gt |title=Statistics |publisher=Statistics Faroe Island |access-date=2019-11-29}}</ref>January 2021
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Fiji}}||4.1||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Finland}}||8.4||<ref name="Eurostat" />December 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|France}}||7.9||<ref name="Eurostat" />January 2021
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|French Polynesia}} ([[France]])''||11.9||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Gabon}}||20.1||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|The Gambia}}||9.1||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Georgia}}||20.4||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geostat.ge/en/modules/categories/683/Employment-Unemployment |title=Employment and Unemployment |website=geostat.ge |date=2021|access-date=19 February 2021}}</ref>Q4 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Germany}}||4.6||<ref name="Eurostat" />January 2021
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Ghana}}||4.5||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Gibraltar}} ([[United Kingdom]])''||1.0||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indexmundi.com/gibraltar/unemployment_rate.html |title=Gibraltar Unemployment rate |access-date=2019-06-10}}</ref>2016
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Greece}}||15.8||<ref name="Eurostat" />December 2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Greenland}} ([[Denmark]])''||6.8||<ref>{{citation|url=http://bank.stat.gl/pxweb/en/Greenland/Greenland__AR__AR40/ARXLED7.px/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=ARXLED222-11-2019%2020:30:33|title= Unemployment rate | year=2017 | publisher=[[Statistics Greenland]] | access-date=22 November 2019 }}</ref>2017
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Grenada}}||24.0||<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.gov.gd/egov/news/2017/nov17/28_11_17/item_5/dramatic-drop-grenada-umemployment-rate.html |title=Dramatic Drop In Grenada's Unemployment Rate|date= 28 November 2017|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=Government of Grenada}}</ref>2017
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Guam}} ([[United States]])''||4.5||<ref name="CIA" />2017
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Guatemala}}||2.5||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Guernsey}} ([[United Kingdom]])''||1.0||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=118898&p=0 |date=2019-04-30 | title=Guernsey Quarterly Population, employment and Earnings Bulletin}}</ref>Q2 2018
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Guinea}}||4.3||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Guinea-Bissau}}||2.5||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Guyana}}||11.8||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Haiti}}||13.9||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Honduras}}||5.2||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Hong Kong}}''||6.4||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/unemployment-rate/hong-kong/|title=Unemployment Rate and Employment Data in Hong Kong|work=Takeprofit.org}}</ref>October 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Hungary}}||4.9||<ref name="Eurostat" />January 2021
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Iceland}}||7.2||<ref name="Eurostat" />January 2021
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|India}}||7.8||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cmie.com/|title=Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy Pvt. Ltd.|date=22 November 2020}}</ref>November 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Indonesia}}||7.1||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/unemployment-rate/indonesia/|title=Unemployment Rate and Employment Data in Indonesia|work=Takeprofit.org}}</ref>Q3 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Iran}}||11.2||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Iraq}}||12.8||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Ireland}}||7.2||<ref name="Eurostat" />December 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Isle of Man}}||1.9||<ref>{{Cite web|title=Isle of Man Government - Unemployment|url=https://www.gov.im/about-the-government/departments/cabinet-office/economic-affairs-division/unemployment/|access-date=2020-09-08|website=www.gov.im}}</ref>October 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Israel}}||4.7||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/unemployment-rate/israel/|title=Unemployment Rate and Employment Data in Israel|work=Takeprofit.org}}</ref>September 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Italy}}||9.0||<ref name="Eurostat" />December 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Ivory Coast}}||3.4||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Jamaica}}||7.9||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Japan}}||2.9||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/unemployment-rate/japan/|title=Unemployment Rate and Employment Data in Japan|work=Takeprofit.org}}</ref>February 2021
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Jersey}} ([[United Kingdom]])''||1.6||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/R%20March%202020%20Registered%20ASW%2020200409%20SJ.pdf|title=Registered Actively Seeking Work: First Quarter - 2020|work=Statistics Jersey}}</ref>March <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/R%20Jersey%20Labour%20Market%20Dec%2019%2020200528%20SJ.pdf|title=Labour Market: December 2019|work=Statistics Jersey}}</ref>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Jordan}}||14.6||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Kazakhstan}}||5.0||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/unemployment-rate/kazakhstan/|title=Unemployment Rate and Employment Data in Kazakhstan|work=Takeprofit.org}}</ref>September 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Kenya}}||2.6||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Kiribati}}||30.6||<ref name="CIA" />2010
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Kosovo}}''||25.9||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/unemployment-rate/kosovo/|title=Unemployment Rate and Employment Data in Kosovo|work=Takeprofit.org}}</ref>Q4 2019
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Kuwait}}||2.3||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Kyrgyzstan}}||6.6||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Laos}}||0.6||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Latvia}}||8.5||<ref name="Eurostat" />January 2021
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Lebanon}}||6.3||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Lesotho}}||22.8||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Liberia}}||2.7||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Libya}}||18.6||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Liechtenstein}}||1.5||<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.llv.li/inhalt/11432/amtsstellen/arbeitslosenstatistik|title=Unemployment statistics 2019|publisher=Office of Statistics, Liechtenstein}}</ref>2019
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Lithuania}}||9.6||<ref name="Eurostat" />January 2021
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Luxembourg}}||6.5||<ref name="Eurostat" />October 2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Macau}} ([[China|People's Republic of China]])''||2.5||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Madagascar}}||1.8||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Malawi}}||5.7||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Malaysia}}||4.6||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/unemployment-rate/malaysia/|title=Unemployment Rate and Employment Data in Malaysia|work=Takeprofit.org}}</ref>September 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Maldives}}||6.4||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Mali}}||7.3||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Malta}}||3.9||<ref name="Eurostat" />October 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Marshall Islands}}||36.0||<ref name="CIA" />2006
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Mauritania}}||9.6||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Mauritius}}||6.7||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Mayotte}} ([[France]])''||30.0||<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4254667|title=Un taux de chômage à 30 %: Enquête Emploi Mayotte 2019|work=INSEE}}</ref>2017
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Mexico}}||3.8||<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/empleo/|title=Desocupación, Tasa de desocupación nacional|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI)|date=22 October 2019}}</ref>December 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Federated States of Micronesia}}||16.2||<ref name="CIA" />2010
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Moldova}}||4.2||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/unemployment-rate/moldova/|title=Unemployment Rate and Employment Data in Moldova|work=Takeprofit.org}}</ref>Q2 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Monaco}}||2.0||<ref name="CIA" />2012
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Mongolia}}||5.9||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Montenegro}}||19.3||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/unemployment-rate/montenegro/|title=Unemployment Rate and Employment Data in Montenegro|work=Takeprofit.org}}</ref>October 2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Montserrat}} ([[United Kingdom]])''||5.6||<ref name="CIA" />2017
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Morocco}}||12.7||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/unemployment-rate/morocco/|title=Unemployment Rate and Employment Data in Morocco|work=Takeprofit.org}}</ref>Q3 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Mozambique}}||3.2||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Myanmar}}||1.7||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Namibia}}||20.6||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Nauru}}||23.0||<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.spc.int/prism/nauru/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-04-14 |archive-date=2016-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301012005/http://www.spc.int/prism/nauru/ |url-status=bot: unknown }} Nauru Bureau of Statistics</ref>2011
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Nepal}}||1.5||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Netherlands}}||3.6||<ref name="Eurostat" />January 2021
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Netherlands Antilles}} ([[Netherlands]])''||21.2||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbs.cw/website/social-economic-indicators-for-curacao_3131/|title=Social & Economic Indicators for Curaçao|work=Central Bureau of Statistics Netherlands Antilles}}</ref>April 2019
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|New Caledonia}} ([[France]])''||12.8||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|New Zealand}}||5.3||<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/indicators/unemployment-rate |title=Unemployment rate |work=Stats NZ}}</ref>Q3 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Nicaragua}}||7.4||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Niger}}||0.5||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Nigeria}}||33.3||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bloomberg |date=2021-03-16 |title=Business Maverick: Nigeria Unemployment Rate Rises to 33%, Second Highest on Global List |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-03-16-nigeria-unemployment-rate-rises-to-33-second-highest-on-global-list/ |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref>Q4 2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Niue}}''||10.7||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:AGSEeXrwptoJ:www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Publications/Census/2006-reports/Pacific%2520Profiles/Niuean-Profile-updated-May2008.ashx+niue+census+2006+site:stats.govt.nz&hl=en&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjPwskeqyqxCXaBa3XNVX|title=Niue Census 2006}}</ref>2006
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|North Korea}}||2.7||<ref name=WB/>2019
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|North Macedonia}}||17.1||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.gov.mk/KlucniIndikatori_en.aspx|title=Indicators|publisher=State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia|access-date=2020-11-22}}</ref>2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Northern Mariana Islands}} ([[United States]])''||11.2||<ref name="CIA" />2010
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Norway}}||5.0||<ref name="Norway">{{cite web|url=https://www.ssb.no/en/akumnd|title=Labour force survey, seasonally-adjusted figures|publisher=ssb.no|access-date=2021-04-03}}</ref>November 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Oman}}||2.5||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Pakistan}}||4.4||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Palau}}||1.7||<ref name="CIA" />2015
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Palestine}}||25.3||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_Rainbow/Documents/uneployment-by-gov2000-2019-3-e.html|title=Unemployment Rate Among Labour Force Participants of Individuals Aged 15 Years and Above in Palestine by Sex and Governorate, 2000-2019|publisher=Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics}}</ref>2019
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Panama}}||3.8||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Papua New Guinea}}||2.5||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Paraguay}}||5.7||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/unemployment-rate/paraguay/|title=Unemployment Rate and Employment Data in Paraguay|work=Takeprofit.org}}</ref>Q4 2019
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Peru}}||16.4||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/unemployment-rate/peru/|title=Unemployment Rate and Employment Data in Peru|work=Takeprofit.org}}</ref>October 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Philippines}}||10.0||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/unemployment-rate/philippines/|title=Unemployment Rate and Employment Data in Philippines|work=Takeprofit.org}}</ref>Q3 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Poland}}||3.1||<ref name="Eurostat" />January 2021
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Portugal}}||7.2||<ref name="Eurostat" />January 2021
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Puerto Rico}} ([[United States]])''||8.3||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bls.gov/eag/eag.pr.htm|title=Economy at a Glance, Puerto Rico|publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics}}</ref>October 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Qatar}}||0.1||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Romania}}||5.6||<ref name="Eurostat" />January 2021
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Russia}}||6.3||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gks.ru/|title=Operational Indicators: Unemployment Rate|work=Federal State Statistics Service|access-date=4 July 2020}}</ref>September 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Rwanda}}||16.0||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.rw/publication/labour-force-survey-trends-august-2020q3|title=Labour Force Survey Trends-August 2020(Q3)|date=1 October 2020}}</ref>August 2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Saint Helena}} ([[United Kingdom]])''||14.0||<ref name="CIA" />1998
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}||5.1||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2341.htm|title=U.S. Relations With Saint Kitts and Nevis|work=U.S. Department of State|date=10 November 2015}}</ref>2006
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Saint Lucia}}||20.15||<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stats.gov.lc/na_main/na_mainpage.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-06-26 |archive-date=2012-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030091552/http://www.stats.gov.lc/na_main/na_mainpage.htm |url-status=dead }} Saint Lucia's Official Statistics</ref>2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Saint Pierre and Miquelon}} ([[France]])''||8.7||<ref name="CIA" />2015
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}||18.8||<ref name="CIA" />2008
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Samoa}}||8.4||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|San Marino}}||8.0||<ref name="CIA" />2017
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|São Tomé and Príncipe}}||13.7||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Saudi Arabia}}||12.6||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/820|title= Unemployment rate|work=General Authority for Statistics}}</ref>Q2 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Senegal}}||6.7||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Serbia}}||7.3||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stat.gov.rs/en-us/oblasti/trziste-rada/anketa-o-radnoj-snazi/ |title=Labour Force Survey |access-date=2020-08-30}}</ref>Q2 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Sierra Leone}}||4.4||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Singapore}}||3.6||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/unemployment-rate/singapore/|title=Unemployment Rate and Employment Data in Singapore|work=Takeprofit.org}}</ref>Q3 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Slovakia}}||7.0||<ref name="Eurostat" />October 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Slovenia}}||4.9||<ref name="Eurostat" />October 2020
|-
|align=left|{{Flaglist|Somalia}}||11.4||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|South Africa}}||32.5||<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/|title=Statistics South Africa|website=statssa.gov.za|access-date=2021-02-23}}</ref>Q4 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|South Korea}}||4.2||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/unemployment-rate/south-korea/|title=Unemployment Rate and Employment Data in South Korea|work=Takeprofit.org}}</ref>October 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|South Sudan}}||12.3||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Spain}}||16.0||<ref name="Eurostat" />January 2021
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Sri Lanka}}||5.4||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk|title=Department of Census and Statistics}}</ref>Q2 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Sudan}}||16.6||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Suriname}}||7.5||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Sweden}}||8.9||<ref name="Eurostat" />January 2021
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Switzerland}}||5.1||<ref name="Eurostat" />December 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Syria}}||8.4||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Taiwan}}||3.8||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eng.stat.gov.tw/point.asp?index=3|title=Latest indicators: Unemployment Rate|work=National Statistics, Taiwan}}</ref>September 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Tajikistan}}||11.0||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Tanzania}}||2.0||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Thailand}}||1.9||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/unemployment-rate/thailand/|title=Unemployment Rate and Employment Data in Thailand|work=Takeprofit.org}}</ref>August 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Togo}}||2.0||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Tonga}}||1.2||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Trinidad and Tobago}}||2.8||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Tunisia}}||16.2||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ins.tn/en/front|title=Unemployment|work=National Institute of Statistics – Tunisia}}</ref>Q3 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Turkey}}||12.7||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tuik.gov.tr/Home/Index|title= Turkey Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT)|publisher=TURKSTAT|access-date=2020-12-02}}</ref>October 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Turkmenistan}}||4.1||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Uganda}}||1.9||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Ukraine}}{{efn|Excluding [[Temporarily occupied and uncontrolled territories of Ukraine (2014–present)|territories in dispute]].}}||9.9||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/unemployment-rate/ukraine/|title=Unemployment Rate and Employment Data in Ukraine|work=Takeprofit.org}}</ref>Q2 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|United Arab Emirates}}||2.4||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|United Kingdom}}||7.5||<ref>{{cite web |title=Spending Review 2020 speech |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/spending-review-2020-speech|website=gov.uk|publisher=United Kingdom Government |access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref>Q2 2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|United States}}||6.2||<ref>{{citation|title=Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey: Unemployment Rate|url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/|publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics|access-date=10 Mar 2021}}</ref>February <ref>https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/empsit.pdf</ref>2021
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Uruguay}}||11.1||<ref name="AEU">{{cite web |url=http://www.ine.gub.uy/web/guest/actividad-empleo-y-desempleo |title=Actividad, Empleo y Desempleo |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|website=ine.gub.uy |access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref>February 2021
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Uzbekistan}}||8.9||<ref>{{citation|url=http://web.stat.uz/open_data/en/Labor%20market.pdf|title=The number of economically active population, employed and unemployed|publisher=The State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Statistics}}</ref>Q3 2019
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Vanuatu}}||4.4||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Venezuela}}||9.4{{efn|The [[IMF]] estimated a 44.3% rate for 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-09/venezuela-unemployment-nears-that-of-war-ruined-bosnia-imf-says|title=Venezuela Unemployment Nears That of War-Ruined Bosnia, IMF Says|date=9 April 2019}}</ref>}}||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Vietnam}}||2.7||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/unemployment-rate/vietnam/|title=Unemployment Rate and Employment Data in Vietnam|work=Takeprofit.org}}</ref>Q2 2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|U.S. Virgin Islands}} ([[United States]])''||8.8||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|''{{flaglist|Wallis and Futuna}} ([[France]])''||8.8||<ref name="CIA" />2013
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Yemen}}||12.8||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Zambia}}||11.4||<ref name=WB/>2020
|-
|align=left|{{flaglist|Zimbabwe}}||5.0||<ref name=WB/>2020
|}

==OECD==

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"
|+OECD: Oct 2020 or latest available<ref>{{cite web |title=Unemployment rate |publisher=OECD |url=https://data.oecd.org/unemp/unemployment-rate.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Unemployment rate by age group |publisher=OECD |url=https://data.oecd.org/unemp/unemployment-rate-by-age-group.htm}}</ref>
!Country !! 15-24 year-olds !! 25-70 year-olds !! Total
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Australia}} || 14.5 || 5.6 || 6.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Austria}} || 9.4 || 5.0 || 5.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Belgium}} || 18.3 || 4.2 || 5.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Canada}} || 18.8 || 7.3 || 8.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Chile}} || 27.3 || 10.8 || 12.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Colombia}} || 25.8 || 14.7 || 16.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Czech Republic}} || 8.1 || 2.5 || 2.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Denmark}} || 11.9 || 5.1 || 6.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Estonia}} || 20.9 || 6.9 || 8.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Euro area (19 countries) || 17.6 || 7.4 || 8.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|European Union (27 countries, 2020) || 17.1 || 6.6 || 7.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Finland}} || 19.8 || 7.0 || 8.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|France}} || 19.6 || 6.6 || 7.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|G7 || 12.8 || 5.6 || 6.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Germany}} || 6.0 || 4.4 || 4.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Greece}} || 39.3 || 15.8 || 16.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Hungary}} || 12.4 || 3.9 || 4.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Iceland}} || 10.7 || 4.7 || 5.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Ireland}} || 18.9 || 3.8 || 5.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Israel}} || 8.2 || 4.1 || 4.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Italy}} || 29.7 || 7.3 || 9.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Japan}} || 4.3 || 2.9 || 3.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Korea}} || 10.9 || 3.8 || 4.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Latvia}} || 15.5 || 8.0 || 8.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Lithuania}} || 27.7 || 8.6 || 9.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Luxembourg}} || 23.1 || 5.4 || 6.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Mexico}} || 8.0 || 4.0 || 4.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Netherlands}} || 10.7 || 3.3 || 4.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Norway}} || 12.9 || 4.1 || 5.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|OECD - Total || 14.6 || 6.3 || 7.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Poland}} || 8.7 || 2.7 || 3.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Portugal}} || 24.0 || 6.6 || 7.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Slovak Republic}} || 18.4 || 6.1 || 6.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Slovenia}} || 13.7 || 4.2 || 4.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Spain}} || 40.4 || 14.9 || 16.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Sweden}} || 24.9 || 7.1 || 9.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|Turkey}} || 25.7 || 11.8 || 13.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|United Kingdom}} || 13.6 || 3.1 || 4.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|{{flag|United States}} || 11.7 || 6.2 || 6.9
|}

==References==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
*{{citation|url=http://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2018/03/20/world-economic-outlook-april-2018#Statistical%20Appendix|title=World Economic Outlook, April 2018, Cyclical Upswing, Structural Change|publisher=International Monetary Fund|date=2018}}, {{citation|url=http://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2018/03/20/~/media/Files/Publications/WEO/2018/April/TablePartB.ashx?la=en |title=Table B1. Advanced Economies: Unemployment, Employment, and Real GDP per Capita}}, {{citation|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/download.aspx|title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2018}}

{{employment}}
{{Finance country lists}}

[[Category:Unemployment by country|*]]
[[Category:Lists of countries|Unemployment rate]]
[[Category:Lists of countries by population-related issue|Unemployment rate]]

Template:Ru-pop-ref/doc

2021-05-25T15:56:31Z

Tjmj: update examples

{{Documentation subpage}}

==Usage==
This template is intended to hold the references for the Russian population data.

'''First unnamed parameter''' is the indicator of the year and the type of the reference needed. Currently, the following values are supported:
*1989Census: used to reference the [[Soviet Census (1989)|1989 Soviet Census]] figures; it uses [http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php this source]
*2002Census: used to reference the [[Russian Census (2002)|2002 Russian Census]] figures; it uses [http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls this source]
*2009Est: used to reference the [[Goskomstat|Rosstat]] 2009 population estimates; it uses [http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b09_109/Main.htm this source]
*2010Est: used to reference the Rosstat 2010 population estimates; it uses [http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b10_109/Main.htm this source]
*2010Census: used to reference the final results of the [[Russian Census (2010)|2010 Russian Census]]; it uses [http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm this source]
*2011Est or 2012Est: used to reference the Rosstat 2011/2012 population estimates; it uses [http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/Popul2011-2012.xls this source]

{{para|access-date}}, {{para|df}}: See {{tl|cite web}}

== Examples ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style=min-width:17em | Input
! Output
|-
| <code><nowiki>{{Ru-pop-ref|1979census}}</nowiki></code> || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|1979census}}
|-
| <code><nowiki>{{Ru-pop-ref|1989census}}</nowiki></code> || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|1989census}}
|-
| <code><nowiki>{{Ru-pop-ref|2002census}}</nowiki></code> || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|2002census}}
|-
| <code><nowiki>{{Ru-pop-ref|2009est}}</nowiki></code> || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|2009est}}
|-
| <code><nowiki>{{Ru-pop-ref|2010est}}</nowiki></code> || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|2010est}}
|-
| <code><nowiki>{{Ru-pop-ref|2010census}}</nowiki></code> || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|2010census}}
|-
| <code><nowiki>{{Ru-pop-ref|2011est}}</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>{{Ru-pop-ref|2012est}}</nowiki></code> || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|2012est}}
|-
| <code><nowiki>{{Ru-pop-ref|2019est}}</nowiki></code> || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|2019est}}
|}
<includeonly>{{sandbox other||

}}</includeonly>

Category:Pages using infobox bug with unknown parameters

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Tjmj: create category

Template:Infobox bug/doc

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Tjmj: /* Tracking category */

{{Documentation subpage}}
{{For2|an infobox for bugs (as in viruses and bacteria)|[[Template:Virusbox]], [[Template:Taxobox]] and [[Template:Automatic taxobox]]|an infobox for bugs (as in small insects)|[[Template:Taxobox]] and [[Template:Automatic taxobox]]}}
{{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Check for unknown parameters}}

This infobox is used to add an infobox to article about [[software bug]]s, [[vulnerability (computing)|vulnerabilities]] and [[security bug]]s.

== Parameters ==

{{Parameter names example | name | image | image_size | alt | caption | screenshot | screenshot_size | screenshot_alt | screenshot_caption | CVE | discovered | patched | discoverer | affected hardware | affected software | used by | website }}

{|
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| {{Pre2|scroll|2=
 
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The logo of the bug or any image
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Caption for the image
Screenshot of the bug
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Alternate text for the screenshot
Caption for the screenshot
CVE ([[Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures]]) identification (example: [https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=cve-2014-0160 CVE-2014-0160])
Date of discovery (use {{tl|Start date and age}})
Date of patch release (use {{tl|Start date and age}})
Discoverer
Affected hardware
Affected software
 
Website for the bug (use {{tl|URL}})
 
}}
|}

== Example ==

{{Infobox bug
| name = Heartbleed
| image = Heartbleed.svg
| image_size = 180px
| caption = Logo representing Heartbleed. Security company [[Codenomicon]] gave Heartbleed both a name and a logo, contrbuting to public awareness of the issue.
| CVE = [https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=cve-2014-0160 CVE-2014-0160]
| discovered = {{Start date and age|2014|4|1}}
| patched = {{Start date and age|2014|4|7}}
| discoverer = Neel Mehta
| affected hardware =
| affected software = [[OpenSSL]] (1.0.1)
| website = {{URL|heartbleed.com}}
}}
{|
|-
|{{Pre2|scroll|2=
<nowiki>{{Infobox bug
| name = Heartbleed
| image = Heartbleed.svg
| image_size = 180px
| caption = Logo representing Heartbleed. Security company [[Codenomicon]] gave Heartbleed both a name and a logo, contrbuting to public awareness of the issue.
| CVE = [https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=cve-2014-0160 CVE-2014-0160]
| discovered = {{Start date and age|2014|4|1}}
| patched = {{Start date and age|2014|4|7}}
| discoverer = Neel Mehta
| affected software = [[OpenSSL]] (1.0.1)
| website = {{URL|heartbleed.com}}
}}</nowiki>}}
|}
{{clear}}

== Tracking category ==
* {{Category link with count|Category:Pages using infobox bug with unknown parameters}}

== See also ==
* [[Template:Virusbox]] for viruses (sometimes referred to as bugs)
* [[Template:Taxobox]] ([[Template:Automatic taxobox]]) for viruses, bacteria and small insects (sometimes referred to as bugs)

<includeonly>{{Sandbox other||

[[Category:Computing infobox templates]]
[[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]]
}}</includeonly>

Template:Infobox bug

2021-04-26T15:27:08Z

Tjmj: rename tracking category to follow convention, add preview message

{{infobox
| title = {{{name|<includeonly>{{PAGENAMEBASE}}</includeonly>}}}
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| image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{screenshot|}}}|size={{{screenshot_size|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|alt={{{screenshot_alt|}}}|suppressplaceholder=yes}}
| caption2 = {{{screenshot_caption|}}}
| label1 = [[Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|CVE identifier(s)]]
| data1 = {{{CVE|}}}
| label2 = Released
| data2 = {{{released|}}}
| label3 = Date discovered
| data3 = {{{discovered|}}}
| label4 = Date patched
| data4 = {{{patched|}}}
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{{documentation}}
</noinclude>

Hungarian language

2021-03-28T10:13:20Z

Tjmj: /* Others */ Added citation for Szende 1994

{{short description|Uralic language}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Hungarian
| boxsize = 30em
| nativename = ''magyar nyelv''
| pronunciation = {{IPA-hu|ˈmɒɟɒr ˈɲɛlv|}}
| states = [[Hungary]] and areas of east [[Austria]], [[Croatia]], [[Romania]], northern [[Serbia]], [[Slovakia]], [[Slovenia]], western [[Ukraine]]
| ethnicity = [[Hungarians]]
| speakers = {{sigfig|12.574|2}} million
| date = 2003–2014
| ref = e22
|familycolor=Uralic
|fam2=[[Ugric languages|Ugric]]? (disputed)<ref name="SalmTax" /><ref name=Michalove/><ref name=Janhunen2009/>
| script = {{plainlist|
*[[Latin script|Latin]] ([[Hungarian alphabet]])
*[[Hungarian Braille]]
*[[Old Hungarian script]]}}
| nation = {{plainlist|
*{{flag|Hungary}}
*{{flag|Vojvodina}}
*{{flag|European Union}}}}
| minority = {{plainlist|
*{{flag|Romania}}
*{{flag|Serbia}}
*{{flag|Croatia}}<ref name="Prijedlog izvještaja"/>
*{{flag|Slovakia}}
*{{flag|Slovenia}} (in [[Prekmurje]])
*{{flag|Austria}} (in [[Burgenland]])
*{{flag|Ukraine}} (in [[Berehove Raion|Berehove]], [[Mukachevo Raion|Mukachevo]], [[Vynohradiv Raion|Vynohradiv]] and [[Uzhhorod Raion|Uzhhorod]] districts of [[Transcarpathian region]] ([[Zakarpattia Oblast]])){{cn|date=January 2019}}}}
| agency = [[Research Institute for Linguistics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences]]
| iso1 = hu
| iso2 = hun
| lc1 = hun
| ld1 = Modern Hungarian
| lc2 = ohu
| ld2 = Old Hungarian
| linglist = ohu
| lingname = Old Hungarian
| lingua = 41-BAA-a
| map = Idioma húngaro.PNG
| mapcaption = Map of regions where those whose native language is Hungarian represent a majority (dark blue) or a substantial minority (light blue). ''Based on recent censuses and on the CIA World Factbook 2014''<ref name="cia-hu"/>
| notice = IPA
| glotto = hung1274
| glottorefname = Hungarian
}}
{{Hungarian language}}
[[File:WIKITONGUES- Orsolya speaking Hungarian.webm|thumb|A Hungarian speaker.]]
'''Hungarian''' ({{audio|Hu-magyar_nyelv.ogg|''magyar nyelv''}}) is a [[Uralic language]] spoken in [[Hungary]] and parts of several neighbouring countries. It is the [[official language]] of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Outside Hungary it is also spoken by communities of [[Hungarians]] in present-day [[Slovakia]], western [[Ukraine]] ([[Zakarpattia Oblast|Subcarpathia]]), central and western [[Romania]] ([[Transylvania]]), northern [[Serbia]] ([[Vojvodina]]), northern [[Croatia]], northeastern [[Slovenia]] ([[Prekmurje|Mur region]]) and eastern [[Austria]].

It is also spoken by [[Hungarian diaspora]] communities worldwide, especially in North America (particularly the [[Hungarian Americans|United States]] and [[Canada]]) and [[Israel]]. With 13 million speakers, it is the Uralic family's largest member by number of speakers.

==Classification==
{{See also|Regular sound correspondences between Hungarian and other Uralic languages}}
Hungarian is a member of the [[Uralic language family]]. Linguistic connections between Hungarian and other Uralic languages were noticed in the 1670s, and the family itself (then called Finno-Ugric) was established in 1717. Hungarian has traditionally been assigned to the [[Ugric languages|Ugric]] branch within the Finno-Ugric group, along with the [[Mansi language|Mansi]] and [[Khanty language|Khanty]] languages of western [[Siberia]] ([[Khanty–Mansia]] region), but it is no longer clear that it is a valid group.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lehtinen |first=Tapani |title=Kielen vuosituhannet |publisher=[[Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-951-746-896-1 |series=Tietolipas |volume=215 |language=fi |trans-title=The millennia of language}}</ref><ref name=Janhunen2009>{{cite book|last=Janhunen|first=Juha|chapter=Proto-Uralic—what, where and when? |year=2009 |editor= Jussi Ylikoski |title=The Quasquicentennial of the Finno-Ugrian Society |series=Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 258 |location=Helsinki |publisher=Société Finno-Ougrienne |isbn=978-952-5667-11-0|issn=0355-0230|chapter-url=http://www.sgr.fi/sust/sust258/sust258_janhunen.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Kulonen">{{Cite book |last=Kulonen |first=Ulla-Maija |title=Ennen, muinoin. Miten menneisyyttämme tutkitaan |publisher=[[Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-951-746-332-4 |editor-last=Grünthal |editor-first=Riho |series=Tietolipas |volume=180 |pages=104–108 |language=fi |trans-title=In times gone by. How to study our past |chapter=Kielitiede ja suomen väestön juuret |trans-chapter=Linguistics and the roots of the Finnish population}}</ref><ref name=Michalove/> When the [[Samoyed languages]] were determined to be part of the family, it was thought at first that Finnic and Ugric (Finno-Ugric) were closer to each other than to the Samoyed branch of the family, but that is now frequently questioned.<ref name="SalmTax">{{Cite book |last=Salminen |first=Tapani |script-title=ru:Лингвистический беспредел: сборник статей к 70-летию А. И. Кузнецовой |publisher=Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo Universiteta |year=2002 |location=Moscow |pages=44–55 |trans-title=Linguistic chaos: a collection of articles on the 70th anniversary of A. I. Kuznetsova |chapter=Problems in the taxonomy of the Uralic languages in the light of modern comparative studies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113123959/http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/kuzn.html |archive-date=2019-01-13 |chapter-url=http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/kuzn.html }}</ref><ref name="Michalove">{{Cite journal |last=Michalove |first=Peter A. |date=2002 |title=The Classification of the Uralic Languages: Lexical Evidence from Finno-Ugric |journal=Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen |volume=57}}</ref><ref name=Kulonen/>

The [[name of Hungary]] could be a result of regular sound changes of ''Ungrian/Ugrian'', and the fact that the Eastern Slavs referred to Hungarians as ''Ǫgry/Ǫgrove'' (sg. ''Ǫgrinŭ'') seemed to confirm that.<ref>{{Citation | last = Lebedynsky | first = Iaroslav | language = fr | title = Les Nomades: Les peuples nomades de la steppe des origines aux invasions mongoles |trans-title=The Nomads: the steppe nomad people from origins to Mongol invasions | page = 191}}.</ref> Current literature favors the hypothesis that it comes from the name of the [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] tribe [[Onoğurs|Onoğur]] (which means "ten arrows" or "ten tribes").<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sugar |first=P. F. |title=A History of Hungary |publisher=University Press |year=1996 |pages=9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Maxwell |first=Alexander |date=2004 |title=Magyarization, language planning, and Whorf: The word uhor as a case study in linguistic relativism |journal=Multilingua |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=319–337 |doi=10.1515/mult.2004.23.4.319|s2cid=143937903 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Marcantonio |first=Angela |title=The Uralic Language Family: Facts, Myths and Statistics |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |year=2002 |pages=19}}</ref>

There are numerous regular sound correspondences between Hungarian and the other Ugric languages. For example, Hungarian {{IPA|/aː/}} corresponds to [[Khanty language|Khanty]] {{IPA|/o/}} in certain positions, and Hungarian {{IPA|/h/}} corresponds to Khanty {{IPA|/x/}}, while Hungarian final {{IPA|/z/}} corresponds to Khanty final {{IPA|/t/}}. For example, Hungarian ''ház'' {{IPA-hu|haːz|}} "house" vs. Khanty ''xot'' {{IPA|[xot]}} "house", and Hungarian ''száz'' {{IPA|[saːz]}} "hundred" vs. Khanty ''sot'' {{IPA|[sot]}} "hundred". The distance between the Ugric and Finnic languages is greater, but the correspondences are also regular.

==History==
{{Main article |History of the Hungarian language}}

===Prehistory===
====Scholarly consensus====
The traditional view holds that the Hungarian language diverged from its [[Ugric languages|Ugric]] relatives in the first half of the 1st millennium BC, in western [[Siberia]] east of the southern [[Ural Mountains|Urals]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Uralic Languages |last= Abondolo |first=Daniel |publisher=Routledge |year=1998 |location=London |pages=1–42 |chapter=Introduction}}</ref> The [[Hungarians]] gradually changed their lifestyle from being settled hunters to being [[Nomadic pastoralism|nomadic pastoralists]], probably as a result of early contacts with Iranian ([[Scythians]] and [[Sarmatians]]) or Turkic nomads. In Hungarian, Iranian loanwords date back to the time immediately following the breakup of [[Ugric languages|Ugric]] and probably span well over a millennium.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Uralic Languages |last=Abondolo |first=Daniel |publisher=Routledge |year=1998 |location=London |pages=453 |chapter=Hungarian}}</ref> Among these include ''tehén'' ‘cow’ (cf. [[Avestan]] ''daénu''); ''tíz'' ‘ten’ (cf. Avestan ''dasa''); ''tej'' ‘milk’ (cf. Persian ''dáje'' ‘wet nurse’); and ''nád'' ‘reed’ (from late [[Middle Iranian]]; cf. [[Middle Persian]] ''nāy'').

Archaeological evidence from present day southern [[Bashkortostan]] confirms the existence of Hungarian settlements between the [[Volga River]] and the [[Ural Mountains]].<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Türk |first=Attila |title=A magyar őstörténet és a szaltovói régészeti kultúrkör |date=2011 |degree=PhD |publisher=University of Szeged |url=http://doktori.bibl.u-szeged.hu/1167/ |doi=10.14232/phd.1167 |doi-access=free |language=hu |trans-title=Hungarian prehistory and the archaeological cultural circle of Saltovo}}</ref> The [[Onoğurs]] (and [[Bulgars]]) later had a great influence on the language, especially between the 5th and 9th centuries. This layer of Turkic loans is large and varied (e.g. ''szó'' "word", from [[Turkic languages|Turkic]]; and ''daru'' "crane", from the related [[Permic languages]]), and includes words borrowed from [[Oghur languages|Oghur Turkic]]; e.g. ''borjú'' "calf" (cf. [[Chuvash language|Chuvash]] ''păru'', ''părăv'' vs. [[Turkish language|Turkish]] ''buzağı'');<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Róna-Tas |first1=András |title=West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian. Part 1: Introduction, A-K |last2=Berta |first2=Árpád |publisher=Harrassowitz |year=2011 |location=Wiesbaden |pages=151–2}}</ref> ''dél'' ‘noon; south’ (cf. Chuvash ''tĕl'' vs. Turkish dial. ''düš'').<ref>Róna-Tas & Berta, ''WOT'' 2011/1: 291-4.</ref> Many words related to agriculture,<ref>{{cite web|title=Hungary – Early history|url=http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/hutoc.html|work=[[Library of Congress]] (public domain)|access-date=2008-06-29}}</ref> [[Sovereign state|state]] administration and even family relationships show evidence of such backgrounds.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} Hungarian [[syntax]] and [[grammar]] were not influenced in a similarly dramatic way over these three centuries.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}
[[File:Hu-funeral sermon and prayer OSZK.jpg|thumb|[[Funeral Sermon and Prayer]], 12th century]]
[[File:Komjati sztpal.jpg|thumb|A page from the first book written completely in Hungarian, 1533]]

After the [[Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin|arrival of the Hungarians in the Carpathian Basin]], the language came into contact with a variety of [[Sprachbund|speech communities]], among them [[Slavs|Slavic]], [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]], and [[Germans|German]]. Turkic loans from this period come mainly from the [[Pechenegs]] and [[Cumans|Cumanians]], who settled in Hungary during the 12th and 13th centuries: e.g. ''koboz'' "[[cobza]]" (cf. Turkish ''kopuz'' ‘lute’); ''[[komondor]]'' "mop dog" (< *''kumandur'' < ''Cuman''). Hungarian borrowed many words from neighbouring [[Slavic languages]]: e.g. ''tégla'' ‘brick’; ''mák'' ‘poppy seed’; ''karácsony'' ‘Christmas’<ref>Gábor Zaicz, ''Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete'', s.v. “karácsony” (Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006) [http://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/tartalom/tinta/TAMOP-4_2_5-09_Etimologiai_szotar/adatok.html]</ref>). These languages in turn borrowed words from Hungarian: e.g. [[Serbo-Croatian]] ''ašov'' from Hungarian ''ásó'' ‘spade’. About 1.6 percent of the [[Romanian language|Romanian]] [[lexicon]] is of Hungarian origin.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sala |first=Marius |title=Vocabularul reprezentativ al limbilor romanice |publisher=Editura Ştiinţifică şi Enciclopedică |year=1988 |location=Bucharest |trans-title=Representative vocabulary of the Romance languages}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Schulte |first=Kim |title=Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |year=2009 |editor-last=Haspelmath |editor-first=Martin |location=Berlin |pages=239 |chapter=Loanwords in Romanian |editor-last2=Tadmor |editor-first2=Uri}}</ref>

In the 21st century, studies support an origin of the Uralic languages, including early Hungarian, in eastern or central [[Siberia]], somewhere between the [[Ob River|Ob]] and [[Yenisei River|Yenisei river]] or near the [[Sayan Mountains|Sayan mountains]] in the [[Russia]]n–[[Mongolia]]n border region.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Janhunen |first=Juha |title=The Quasquicentennial of the Finno-Ugrian Society |date=2009 |publisher=Société Finno-Ougrienne |isbn=978-952-5667-11-0 |editor-last=Ylikoski |editor-first=Jussi |series=Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 258 |location=Helsinki |chapter=Proto-Uralic—what, where and when? |issn=0355-0230 |chapter-url=https://www.sgr.fi/sust/sust258/sust258_janhunen.pdf}}</ref> A 2019 study based on genetics, archaeology and linguistics, found that early Uralic speakers arrived in Europe from the east, specifically from eastern Siberia.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tambets |first1=Kristiina |last2=Metspalu |first2=Mait |last3=Lang |first3=Valter |last4=Villems |first4=Richard |last5=Kivisild |first5=Toomas |last6=Kriiska |first6=Aivar |last7=Thomas |first7=Mark G. |last8=Díez del Molino |first8=David |last9=Crema |first9=Enrico Ryunosuke |date=2019 |title=The Arrival of Siberian Ancestry Connecting the Eastern Baltic to Uralic Speakers further East |journal=Current Biology |language=en |volume=29 |issue=10 |pages=1701–1711.e16 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.026 |issn=0960-9822 |pmc=6544527 |pmid=31080083}}</ref>

====Alternative views====
{{main|Alternative theories of Hungarian language origins}}
Hungarian historian and archaeologist [[Gyula László]] claims that [[geology|geological]] data from [[pollen analysis]] seems to contradict the placing of the ancient Hungarian homeland near the Urals.<ref>Laszlo Gyula, ''The Magyars: Their Life and Civilization'', (1996). On p. 37 he states: “This seemed to be an impeccable conclusion until attention was paid to the actual testimony of tree-pollen analyses, and these showed that the linguists had failed to take into account changes in the vegetation zones over the millennia. After analysis of the plant pollens in the supposed homeland of the Magyars, which were preserved in the soil, it became clear to scientists that the [[taiga]] and [[deciduous forest]]s were only in contact during the second millennium B.C.E., which is much too late to affect Finno-Ugrian history. So the territory sought by the linguists as the location of the putative ‘ancient homeland’ never existed. At 5,000-6,000 B.C.E., the period at which the Uralic era has been dated, the taiga was still thousands of kilometres away from the Ural mountains and the mixed deciduous forest had only just begun its northward advance.”</ref>

There have been attempts to show that Hungarian is related to other languages, such as [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], [[Hunnic language|Hunnic]], [[Sumerian language|Sumerian]], [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]], [[Etruscan language|Etruscan]], [[Basque language|Basque]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[pelasgian language|Pelasgian]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Sanskrit]], [[English language|English]], [[Tibetic languages|Tibetan]], [[Magar language|Magar]], [[Quechua language|Quechua]], [[Armenian language|Armenian]], [[Japanese language|Japanese]], and at least 40 other languages.<ref name="zsirai">{{Citation |last=Zsirai |first=Miklós |title=Őstörténeti csodabogarak |date=1943 |place=Budapest}}</ref> Mainstream linguists dismiss these attempts as [[Pseudoscientific language comparison|pseudoscientific comparisons]] with no merit.

====Historical controversy over origins====
Today the consensus among linguists is that Hungarian is a member of the [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] family of languages.

The classification of Hungarian as a Uralic/Finno-Ugric rather than a [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] language continued to be a matter of impassioned political controversy throughout the 18th and into the 19th centuries. During the latter half of the 19th century, a competing hypothesis proposed a Turkic affinity of Hungarian, or, alternatively, that both the Uralic and the Turkic families formed part of a [[superfamily (linguistics)|superfamily]] of [[Ural–Altaic languages]]. Following an academic debate known as ''Az ugor-török háború'' ("the Ugric-Turkic war"), the Finno-Ugric hypothesis was concluded the sounder of the two, mainly based on work by the German linguist {{Interlanguage link|Josef Budenz|de}}.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Marcantonio |first1=Angela |last2=Nummenaho |first2=Pirjo |last3=Salvagni |first3=Michela |year=2001 |title=The "Ugric-Turkic Battle": A Critical Review |url=http://www.kirj.ee/public/va_lu/l37-2-1.pdf |journal=Linguistica Uralica |volume=2 |access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref>

Hungarians did in fact absorb some Turkic influences during several centuries of cohabitation. For example, the Hungarians appear to have learned [[animal husbandry]] techniques from the Turkic [[Chuvash people]], as a high proportion of words specific to agriculture and livestock are of Chuvash origin. A strong Chuvash influence was also apparent in Hungarian [[burial]] customs.

===Old Hungarian===
{{More citations needed section|date=January 2020}}
The first written accounts of Hungarian date to the 10th century, such as mostly Hungarian personal names and place names in ''[[De Administrando Imperio]]'', written in Greek by Eastern Roman Emperor [[Constantine VII]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Tóth |first=Valéria |date=July 2016 |title=Etelköztől Tihanyig. A helynevek és a magyar őstörténet |trans-title=From Etelköz to Tihany. Place names and Hungarian prehistory |url=http://www.rubicon.hu/ma_files/2016_07_96.pdf |language=hu |journal=Rubicon |volume=27 |issue=7 |page=96 |issn=0865-6347 |access-date=May 29, 2020}}</ref> No significant texts written in [[Old Hungarian script]] have survived, as wood, the medium of writing in use at the time, was perishable.

The [[Kingdom of Hungary]] was founded in 1000 by [[Stephen I of Hungary|Stephen I]]. The country became a [[Western culture|Western]]-styled Christian ([[Roman Catholic]]) state, with [[Latin script]] replacing Hungarian runes. The earliest remaining fragments of the language are found in the [[establishing charter of the abbey of Tihany]] from 1055, intermingled with Latin text. The first extant text fully written in Hungarian is the [[Funeral Sermon and Prayer]], which dates to the 1190s. Although the [[orthography]] of these early texts differed considerably from that used today, contemporary Hungarians can still understand a great deal of the reconstructed spoken language, despite changes in grammar and vocabulary.{{cn|date=August 2020}}

A more extensive body of [[Hungarian literature]] arose after 1300. The earliest known example of Hungarian [[Christian poetry|religious poetry]] is the 14th-century ''[[Lamentations of Mary]]''. The first [[Bible translation]] was the [[Hussite Bible]] in the 1430s.<ref name="Kiss2014">{{Cite book |last=Kiss |first=Katalin É. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ExRCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT76 |title=The Evolution of Functional Left Peripheries in Hungarian Syntax |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-870985-5 |page=76}}</ref><ref name="KaplanBaldauf2005">{{cite book|author1=Robert B. Kaplan|author2=Richard B. Baldauf|title=Language Planning and Policy in Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ei6TGveKcuEC&pg=PA55|year=2005|publisher=Multilingual Matters|isbn=978-1-85359-811-1|page=55}}</ref>

The standard language lost its [[diphthong]]s, and several [[postposition]]s transformed into [[suffix]]es, including ''reá'' "onto" (the phrase ''utu '''rea''''' "onto the way" found in the 1055 text would later become ''út'''ra'''''). There were also changes in the system of [[vowel harmony]]. At one time, Hungarian used six [[verb]] [[Grammatical tense|tenses]], while today only two or three are used.<ref name="MathieuTruswell2017">{{Cite book |last1=Mathieu |first1=Eric |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SCwpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA66 |title=Micro-Change and Macro-Change in Diachronic Syntax |last2=Truswell |first2=Robert |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-19-874784-0 |pages=66–}}</ref><ref group=note>The future is formed with an [[auxiliary verb]] and so is sometimes not counted as a separate tense. (See also: [[periphrasis]].)</ref>

===Modern Hungarian===
[[File:Esztergom Jordánszky-kódex.JPG|thumb|The [[Bible]] in Hungarian]]

{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2018}}

In 1533, [[Kraków]] printer [[Benedek Komjáti]] published {{ill|Letters of St. Paul in Hungarian|hu|Az zenth Paal leueley magyar nyeluen|vertical-align=sup}} (modern orthography: {{lang|hu|A Szent Pál levelei magyar nyelven}}), the first Hungarian-language book set in [[movable type]].

By the 17th century, the language already closely resembled its present-day form, although two of the past tenses remained in use. German, Italian and French loans also began to appear. Further Turkish words were borrowed during the period of [[Ottoman Hungary|Ottoman rule]] (1541 to 1699).

In the 19th century a group of writers, most notably [[Ferenc Kazinczy]], spearheaded a process of ''nyelvújítás'' ([[language revitalization]]). Some words were shortened (''győzedelem'' > ''győzelem'', 'triumph' or 'victory'); a number of [[dialect]]al words spread nationally (''e.g.'', ''cselleng'' 'dawdle'); extinct words were reintroduced (''dísz'', 'décor'); a wide range of expressions were [[neologism|coined]] using the various derivative suffixes; and some other, less frequently used methods of expanding the language were utilized. This movement produced more than ten thousand words, most of which are used actively today.

The 19th and 20th centuries saw further [[language standardization|standardization]] of the language, and differences between [[mutually comprehensible]] dialects gradually diminished.

In 1920, Hungary signed the [[Treaty of Trianon]], losing 71 percent of its territory and one-third of the ethnic Hungarian population along with it.

Today the language holds [[official language|official status]] nationally in Hungary and regionally in [[Hungarians in Romania|Romania]], [[Hungarians in Slovakia|Slovakia]], [[Hungarians in Vojvodina|Serbia]], [[Hungarians in Austria|Austria]] and [[Slovenia]].

==Geographic distribution==
[[File:Hungarian language in Transylvania.svg|thumb|upright=1.36|Areas of [[Transylvania]] where Hungarian has co-official status (areas in which at least 20% of the population is Hungarian)]]

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Country!!Speakers!!Notes
|-
|[[Hungary]]||align="right"| 9,896,333 ||2011<ref name="Hungarian census">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ksh.hu/nepszamlalas/tablak_teruleti_00 |title=Országos adatok |publisher=Central Statistics Office |language=hu |trans-title=National data |access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref>
|-
|[[Romania]] (mainly [[Transylvania]])||align="right"| 1,268,444 ||2011<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/TS5.pdf|title=Romanian census 2011|website=Recensamantromania.ro|access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref>
|-
|[[Slovakia]]<ref group="note">This number is a lower estimate, as 382,493 people (7.0% of the total population) did not specify their mother tongue.</ref>||align="right"|458,467|| 2011<ref>[http://portal.statistics.sk/showdoc.do?docid=50553 Slovak census 2011] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114081722/http://portal.statistics.sk/showdoc.do?docid=50553 |date=2012-11-14 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Serbia]] (mainly [[Vojvodina]])||align="right"|241,164|| 2011<ref>[[Languages of Vojvodina]]</ref>{{br}}{{Circular reference|date=January 2018}}
|-
|[[Ukraine]] (mainly [[Zakarpattia Oblast|Zakarpattia]])||align="right"|149,400 ||2001<ref>[http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/language/ Ukrainian census 2001] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820175518/http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/language/ |date=August 20, 2010 }}</ref>
|-
|[[United States]]||align="right"|117,973 ||2000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP16&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U|title=American FactFinder - Results|first=U.S. Census|last=Bureau|website=factfinder.census.gov|access-date=8 October 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212214529/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP16&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U|archive-date=12 February 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Canada]]||align="right"|75,555 ||2001<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?Temporal=2001&PID=55670&APATH=3&GID=431515&METH=1&PTYPE=55430&THEME=41&FOCUS=0&AID=0&PLACENAME=0&PROVINCE=0&SEARCH=0&GC=0&GK=0&VID=0&FL=0&RL=0&FREE=0|title=File Not Found|website=12.statcan.ca|access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref>
|-
|[[Israel]]||align="right"|70,000||
|-
|[[Austria]] (mainly [[Burgenland]])||align="right"|22,000||
|-
|[[Australia]]||align="right"|20,883||2011<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/censusexplorer/|title=SBS Census Explorer|website=Sbs.com.au|access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref>
|-
|[[Croatia]]||align="right"|16,500||
|-
|[[Slovenia]] (mainly [[Prekmurje]])||align="right"|9,240||
|-
!Total||12–13 million||
|}
:''Source: National censuses, [[Ethnologue]]''

Hungarian has about 13 million<ref name=Ethnologue>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/hun|title=Hungarian|website=Ethnologue.com|access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vpNOCLJImNkC&pg=PA9 |title=Hungarian Practical Dictionary: Hungarian-English, English-Hungarian |last=Szabó |first=Éva |date=2005 |publisher=Hippocrene Books |location=New York |pages=9 |language=en|isbn=9780781810685 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ox89vJtDfMYC&pg=PA1 |title=Hungarian-English/English-Hungarian: Dictionary & Phrasebook |last=Ward |first=Judit Hajnal |date=2002 |publisher=Hippocrene Books |pages=1|isbn=9780781809191 }}</ref> native speakers, of whom more than 9.8 million live in Hungary. According to the 2011 Hungarian census, 9,896,333 people (99.6% of the total population) speak Hungarian, of whom 9,827,875 people (98.9%) speak it as a first language, while 68,458 people (0.7%) speak it as a [[second language]].<ref name="Hungarian census" /> About 2.2 million speakers live in other areas that were part of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] before the [[Treaty of Trianon]] (1920). Of these, the largest group lives in [[Transylvania]], the western half of present-day [[Romania]], where there are approximately 1.25 million [[Hungarians in Romania|Hungarians]]. There are large Hungarian communities also in [[Hungarians in Slovakia|Slovakia]], [[Hungarians in Vojvodina|Serbia]] and [[Hungarians in Ukraine|Ukraine]], and Hungarians can also be found in [[Austria]], [[Croatia]], and [[Slovenia]], as well as about a million additional people scattered in other parts of the world. For example, there are more than one hundred thousand Hungarian speakers in the [[Hungarian American]] community and 1.5 million with Hungarian ancestry<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|title=U.S. Census website|first=U.S. Census|last=Bureau|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref> in the [[United States]].

===Official status===
[[File:Vojvodina hungarian map.png|thumb|upright=1.36|Official usage of Hungarian language in Vojvodina, Serbia]]
Hungarian is the [[official language]] of Hungary, and thus an official language of the European Union. Hungarian is also one of the official languages of [[Vojvodina]] and an official language of three municipalities in [[Slovenia]]: [[Hodoš]], [[Dobrovnik]] and [[Lendava]], along with [[Slovene language|Slovene]]. Hungarian is officially recognized as a [[minority language|minority]] or [[regional language]] in [[Austria]], [[Croatia]], [[Romania]], [[Zakarpattia Oblast|Zakarpattia]] in [[Ukraine]], and [[Slovakia]]. In [[Romania]] it is a recognized minority language used at local level in communes, towns and municipalities with an ethnic Hungarian population of over 20%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1096369.html|title=Romania: Law Allows Use Of Minority Languages In Public Administration|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|language=en|access-date=2018-10-30}}</ref>

===Dialects===
{{main|Hungarian dialects}}
The [[dialects]] of Hungarian identified by [[Ethnologue]] are: Alföld, West Danube, Danube-Tisza, King's Pass Hungarian, Northeast Hungarian, Northwest Hungarian, Székely and West Hungarian. These dialects are, for the most part, [[mutually intelligible]]. The Hungarian [[Csángó]] dialect, which is mentioned but not listed separately by Ethnologue, is spoken primarily in [[Bacău County]] in eastern Romania. The Csángó Hungarian group has been largely isolated from other [[Hungarian people]], and they therefore preserved features that closely resemble earlier forms of Hungarian.

==Phonology==
{{Main|Hungarian phonology}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2018}}
[[File:Hungarian vowel chart with rounded short a.svg|right|thumb|upright=1.36|Hungarian vowels]]

Hungarian has 14 vowel phonemes and 25 consonant phonemes. The vowel phonemes can be grouped as pairs of short and long vowels such as ''o'' and ''ó''. Most of the pairs have an almost similar pronunciation and vary significantly only in their duration. However, pairs ''a''/''á'' and ''e''/''é'' differ both in closedness and length.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes of Hungarian<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Szende|1994|p=91}}</ref>
!
! colspan="2" | [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Postalveolar consonant|Post-{{br}}alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
| style="border-right:0;" | || style="border-left:0;" | {{IPA link|m}}
| style="border-right:0;" | || style="border-left:0;" | {{IPA link|n̪|n}}
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right:0;" | || style="border-left:0;" | {{IPA link|ɲ}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[Stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right:0;" width="25px" | {{IPA link|p}} || style="border-left:0;" width="25px" | {{IPA link|b}}
| style="border-right:0;" width="25px" | {{IPA link|t}} || style="border-left:0;" width="25px" | {{IPA link|d}}
| colspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" style="border-right:0;border-top:0;" | {{IPA link|c͡ç}} || rowspan="2" style="border-left:0;border-top:0;" | {{IPA link|ɟ͡ʝ}}
| style="border-right:0;" width="25px" | {{IPA link|k}} || style="border-left:0;" width="25px" | {{IPA link|ɡ}}
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[affricate consonant|Affricate]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right:0;" | {{IPA link|t͡s}} || style="border-left:0;" | {{IPA link|d͡z}}
| style="border-right:0;" width="25px" | {{IPA link|t͡ʃ}} || style="border-left:0;" width="25px" | {{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right:0;" | {{IPA link|f}} || style="border-left:0;" | {{IPA link|v}}
| style="border-right:0;" | {{IPA link|s̪|s}} || style="border-left:0;" | {{IPA link|z̪|z}}
| style="border-right:0;" | {{IPA link|ʃ}} || style="border-left:0;" | {{IPA link|ʒ}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right:0;" width="25px" | {{IPA link|h}} || style="border-left:0;" width="25px" |
|-
! [[Trill consonant|Trill]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right:0;" | || style="border-left:0;" | {{IPA link|r̪|r}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right:0;" | || style="border-left:0;" | {{IPA link|l̪|l}}
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right:0;" | || style="border-left:0;" | {{IPA link|j}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

[[Consonant length]] is also distinctive in Hungarian. Most consonant phonemes can occur as [[Consonant length|geminates]].

The sound [[voiced palatal plosive]] {{IPA|/ɟ/}}, written {{angle bracket|gy}}, sounds similar to 'd' in [[British English]] 'duty'. It occurs in the name of the country, "Magyarország" (Hungary), pronounced {{IPA|/ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ/}}. It is one of three [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatal]] consonants, the others being {{angle bracket|ty}} and {{angle bracket|ny}}. Historically a fourth palatalized consonant {{IPA link|ʎ}} existed, still written {{angle bracket|ly}}.

A single 'r' is pronounced as an [[alveolar tap]] (''akkora'' 'of that size'), but a double 'r' is pronounced as an [[alveolar trill]] (''akkorra'' 'by that time'), like in [[Spanish language|Spanish]].

===Prosody===
Primary stress is always on the first [[syllable]] of a word, as in Finnish and the neighbouring [[Slovak language|Slovak]] and [[Czech language|Czech]]. There is a secondary stress on other syllables in compounds: ''viszontlátásra'' ("goodbye") is pronounced {{IPA|/ˈvisontˌlaːtaːʃrɒ/}}. Elongated vowels in non-initial syllables may seem to be stressed to an English-speaker{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}, as length and stress correlate in English.

==Grammar==
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2018}}
{{Main article |Hungarian grammar}}
Hungarian is an [[agglutinative language]]. It uses various [[affixes]], mainly [[suffixes]] but also some [[prefixes]] and a [[circumfix]], to change a word's meaning and its grammatical function.

===Vowel harmony===
Hungarian uses [[vowel harmony]] to attach suffixes to words. That means that most suffixes have two or three different forms, and the choice between them depends on the vowels of the head word. There are some minor and unpredictable exceptions to the rule.

===Nouns===
Nouns have 18 [[Grammatical case|cases]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Both|first=Csaba Attila|date=2015|title=Noun Cases of Hungarian Language in Romanian|url=https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/ausp/6/3/article-p295.xml|journal=Philologica|volume=6|pages=297|via=Sciendo}}</ref> which are formed regularly with suffixes. The nominative case is unmarked (''az alma'' 'the apple') and, for example, the accusative is marked with the suffix ''–t'' (''az almát'' '[I eat] the apple'). Half of the cases express a combination of the source-location-target and surface-inside-proximity ternary distinctions (three times three cases); there is a separate case ending –''ból''/''–ből'' meaning a combination of source and insideness: 'from inside of'.

Possession is expressed by a possessive suffix on the possessed object, rather than the possessor as in English (Peter's apple becomes ''Péter almája'', literally 'Peter apple-his'). Noun plurals are formed with''–k'' (''az almák'' ‘the apples’), but after a numeral, the singular is used (''két alma'' ‘two apples’, literally ‘two apple’; not ''*két almák'').

Unlike English, Hungarian uses case suffixes and nearly always [[preposition and postposition|postpositions]] instead of prepositions.

There are two types of [[article (grammar)|articles]] in Hungarian, definite and indefinite, which roughly correspond to the equivalents in English.

===Adjectives===
Adjectives precede nouns (''a piros alma'' 'the red apple') and have three degrees: positive (''piros'' 'red'), comparative (''pirosabb'' 'redder') and superlative (''a legpirosabb'' 'the reddest').

If the noun takes the plural or a case, an attributive adjective is invariable: ''a piros almák'' 'the red apples'. However, a predicative adjective agrees with the noun: ''az almák piros'''ak''''' 'the apples are red'. Adjectives by themselves can behave as nouns (and so can take case suffixes): ''Melyik almát kéred? – A piros'''at'''.'' 'Which apple would you like? – The red one'.

===Verbs===
{{See also|Hungarian verbs}}

===Word order===
The neutral word order is [[subject–verb–object]] (SVO). However, Hungarian is a [[topic-prominent language]], and so has a [[word order]] that depends not only on syntax but also on the [[topic–comment]] structure of the sentence (for example, what aspect is assumed to be known and what is emphasized).

A Hungarian sentence generally has the following order: topic, comment (or focus), verb and the rest.

The topic shows that the proposition is only for that particular thing or aspect, and it implies that the proposition is not true for some others. For example, in "''Az almát János látja".'' ('It is John who sees the apple'. Literally 'The apple John sees.'), the apple is in the topic, implying that other objects may be seen by not him but other people (the pear may be seen by Peter). The topic part may be empty.

The focus shows the new information for the listeners that may not have been known or that their knowledge must be corrected. For example, "Én vagyok az apád". ('I am your father'. Literally, 'It is I who am your father'.), from the movie ''[[The Empire Strikes Back]]'', the pronoun I (''én'') is in the focus and implies that it is new information, and the listener thought that someone else is his father.

Although Hungarian is sometimes described as having free word order, different word orders are generally not interchangeable, and the neutral order is not always correct to use. Also, the intonation is also different with different topic-comment structures. The topic usually has a rising intonation, the focus having a falling intonation. In the following examples, the topic is marked with italics, and the focus (comment) is marked with boldface.
*János látja az almát. - 'John sees the apple'. Neutral sentence.
*''János'' '''látja''' az almát. - 'John '''sees''' the apple'. (Peter may not see the apple.)
*'''János''' látja az ''almát''. - 'It is John who sees the apple'. (The listener may have thought that it is Peter.)
*'''Látja''' János az ''almát''. - 'John does see the apple'. (The listener may have thought that John does not see the apple.)
*''János''''' az almát '''látja. - 'What John sees is the apple'. (It is the apple, not the pear, that John specifically sees. However, Peter may see the pear.)
*''Az almát''''' látja''' János. - 'It is the apple that is seen by John'. (The pear may not be seen by John, but it may be smelled, for example.)
*''Az almát''''' János''' látja. - 'It is by John that the apple is seen'. (It is not seen by Peter, but the pear may be seen by Peter, for example.)

==Politeness==
{{Main article|T–V distinction#Hungarian}}

Hungarian has a four-tiered system for expressing levels of politeness. From highest to lowest:

*''Ön'' (''önözés''): Use of this form in speech shows respect towards the person addressed, but it is also the common way of speaking in official texts and business communications. Here "you", the second person, is grammatically addressed in the third person.
*''Maga'' (''magázás'', ''magázódás''): Use of this form serves to show that the speakers wish to distance themselves from the person they address. A boss could also address a subordinate as ''maga''. Aside from the different [[pronoun]] it is grammatically the same as "''önözés''".
*''Néni/bácsi'' (''tetszikezés''): This is a somewhat affectionate way of expressing politeness and is grammatically the same as "''önözés''" or "''magázódás''", but adds a certain verb in auxiliary role "''tetszik''" ("like") to support the main verb of the sentence. For example, children are supposed to address adults who are not parents, close friends or close relatives by using "''tetszik''" ("you like"): "''Hogy vagy?''" ("How are you?") here becomes "''Hogy tetszik lenni?''" ("How do you like to be?"). The elderly, especially women, are generally addressed this way, even by adults.
*''Te'' (''tegezés'', ''tegeződés'' or ''pertu'', [[per tu]] from [[Latin]]): Used generally, i.e. with persons with whom none of the above forms of politeness is required, and, in religious contexts, to address [[God]]. The highest rank, the [[king]], was traditionally addressed "per tu" by all, peasants and noblemen alike, though with Hungary not having had any crowned king since 1918, this practice survives only in folk tales and children's stories. Use of "''tegezés''" in the media and advertisements has become more frequent since the early 1990s. It is informal and is normally used in families, among friends, colleagues, among young people, and by adults speaking to children; it can be compared to addressing somebody by their first name in English. Perhaps prompted by the widespread use of English (a language without [[T–V distinction]] [[thou|in most contemporary dialects]]) on the Internet, "''tegezés''" is also becoming the standard way to address people over the Internet, regardless of politeness.

The four-tiered system has somewhat been eroded due to the recent expansion of "''tegeződés''" and "''önözés''".

Some anomalies emerged with the arrival of multinational companies who have addressed their customers in the ''te'' (least polite) form right from the beginning of their presence in Hungary. A typical example is the Swedish furniture shop [[IKEA]], whose web site and other publications address the customers in ''te'' form. When a news site<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kanizsaujsag.hu/hirek/8351/miert-tegezik-a-magyarokat-a-multik/|title=Miért tegezik a magyarokat a multik? - Kanizsa Újság|first=Kanizsa|last=Ujsag|website=Kanizsaujsag.hu|access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref> asked IKEA—using the ''te'' form—why they address their customers this way, IKEA's PR Manager explained in his answer—using the ''ön'' form—that their way of communication reflects IKEA's open-mindedness and the Swedish culture. However IKEA in France uses the polite (''vous'') form. Another example is the communication of Telenor (a mobile network operator) towards its customers. Telenor chose to communicate towards business customers in the polite ''ön'' form while all other customers are addressed in the less polite ''te'' form.

==Vocabulary==
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right;"
|+ Examples with '''''ad'''''
! Hungarian
! English
|-
| ad
| to give
|-
!colspan=2|Derived terms with suffixes
|-
| adás
| transmission
|-
| adó
| tax or transmitter
|-
| adózik
| to pay tax
|-
| adózó
| taxpayer
|-
| adós
| debtor
|-
| adósság
| debt
|-
| adat
| data
|-
| adakozik
| to give (practise charity)
|-
| adalék
| additive (ingredient)
|-
| adag
| dose, portion
|-
| adomány
| donation
|-
| adoma
| anecdote
|-
!colspan=2|With verbal prefixes
|-
| átad
| to hand over
|-
| bead
| to hand in
|-
| elad
| to sell
|-
| felad
| to give up, to mail
|-
| hozzáad
| to augment, to add to
|-
| kiad
| to rent out, to publish, to extradite
|-
| lead
| to lose weight, to deposit (an object)
|-
| megad
| to repay (debt), to call (poker),{{br}}to grant (permission)
|-
| összead
| to add (to do mathematical addition)
|}

During the first early phase of Hungarian [[language reform]]s (late 18th and early 19th centuries) more than ten thousand words were coined,<ref>Kálmán Szily presented approx. 10,000 words in his book ''A magyar nyelvújítás szótára'' ("Dictionary of Hungarian language reform", vol. 1–2: 1902 and 1908), without aiming to be comprehensive</ref> several thousand of which are still actively used today (see also [[Ferenc Kazinczy]], the leading figure of the Hungarian language reforms.) Kazinczy's chief goal was to replace existing words of German and Latin origins with newly created Hungarian words. As a result, Kazinczy and his later followers (the reformers) significantly reduced the formerly high ratio of words of Latin and German origins in the Hungarian language, which were related to social sciences, natural sciences, politics and economics, institutional names, fashion etc.
Giving an accurate estimate for the total word count is difficult, since it is hard to define a "word" in [[agglutination|agglutinating]] languages, due to the existence of affixed words and compound words. To obtain a meaningful definition of compound words, it is necessary to exclude compounds whose meaning is the mere sum of its elements. The largest dictionaries giving translations from Hungarian to another language contain 120,000 words and phrases<ref name="kenesei-p77">''A nyelv és a nyelvek'' ("Language and languages"), edited by István Kenesei. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 2004, {{ISBN|963-05-7959-6}}, p. 77)</ref> (but this may include redundant phrases as well, because of translation issues){{clarify|date=March 2019}}. The new desk lexicon of the Hungarian language contains 75,000 words<ref name="kenesei-p77" /> and the Comprehensive Dictionary of Hungarian Language (to be published in 18 volumes in the next twenty years) is planned to contain 110,000 words.<ref>[http://www.e-nyelv.hu/enyelv.php?page=hir_elem.php~id=41 The first two volumes of the 20-volume series were introduced on 13 November, 2006, at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417043907/http://www.e-nyelv.hu/enyelv.php?page=hir_elem.php~id=41 |date=2008-04-17 }} (in Hungarian)</ref> The default Hungarian lexicon is usually estimated to comprise 60,000 to 100,000 words.<ref name="nadasdy-interview">[http://2000magyar.mindenkinet.hu/vendegszoba/tudomany/20031126amagyar.html?pIdx=3 "Hungarian is not difficult"] (interview with [[Ádám Nádasdy]])</ref> (Independently of specific languages, speakers actively use at most 10,000 to 20,000 words,<ref name="kenesei-p86">''A nyelv és a nyelvek'' ("Language and languages"), edited by István Kenesei. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 2004, {{ISBN|963-05-7959-6}}, p. 86)</ref> with an average intellectual using 25,000 to 30,000 words.<ref name="nadasdy-interview" />) However, all the Hungarian lexemes collected from technical texts, dialects etc. would total up to 1,000,000 words.<ref name="kenesei-pp76-86">''A nyelv és a nyelvek'' ("Language and languages"), edited by István Kenesei. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 2004, {{ISBN|963-05-7959-6}}, pp. 76 and 86)</ref>

Parts of the lexicon can be organized using [[word-bush]]es{{what|date=September 2019}}. (See an example on the right.) The words in these bushes share a common root, are related through inflection, derivation and compounding, and are usually broadly related in meaning.

The basic vocabulary shares several hundred word roots with other [[Uralic languages]] like [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Estonian language|Estonian]], [[Mansi language|Mansi]] and [[Khanty language|Khanty]]. Examples are the verb ''él'' "live" (Finnish ''elää''<ref name=Helsinki>{{cite web|title="Related words" in Finnish and Hungarian|url=http://www.helsinki.fi/~jolaakso/f-h-ety.html|publisher=Helsinki University Bulletin|access-date=2008-06-15}}</ref>), the numbers ''kettő'' (2), ''három'' (3), ''négy'' (4) (cf. [[Mansi language|Mansi]] китыг kitig, хурум khurum, нила ''nila'', [[Finnish language|Finnish]] ''kaksi, kolme, neljä'',<ref name=Helsinki/> [[Estonian language|Estonian]] ''kaks, kolm, neli'', ), as well as ''víz'' 'water', ''kéz'' 'hand', ''vér'' 'blood', ''fej'' 'head' (cf. Finnish<ref name=Helsinki/> and Estonian ''vesi, käsi, veri'', Finnish ''pää'',<ref name=Helsinki/> Estonian ''pea'' or ''pää'').

Words for elementary kinship and nature are more Ugric, less [[Oghur languages|r-Turkic]] and less Slavic. Agricultural words are about 50% r-Turkic and 50% Slavic; pastoral terms are more r-Turkic, less Ugric and less Slavic. Finally, Christian and state terminology is more Slavic and less r-Turkic. The Slavic is most probably proto-Slovakian and/or -Slovenian. This is easily understood in the Uralic paradigm, proto-Magyars were first similar to Ob-Ugors who were mainly hunters, fishers and gatherers, but with some horses, too. Then they accultured to Bulgarian r-Turks, so the older layer of agriculture words (wine, beer, wheat, barley &c.) are purely r-Turkic, and many terms of statesmanship and religion were, too.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rmki.kfki.hu/~lukacs/DETREHUN.htm|title=PROTO-MAGYAR TEXTS FROM THE MIDDLE OF 1st MILLENIUM?|website=Rmki.kfki.hu|access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref>

{{bar box
| width = 300px
| title = Origin of word roots in modern Hungarian<ref name="kenesei-p134">''A nyelv és a nyelvek'' ("Language and languages"), edited by István Kenesei. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 2004, {{ISBN|963-05-7959-6}}, p. 134)</ref>
| titlebar = #ddd
| bars =
{{bar percent|Uncertain|red|30}}
{{bar percent|Uralic|green|21}}
{{bar percent|[[Slavic languages|Slavic]]|blue|20}}
{{bar percent|[[German language|German]]|lightgreen|11}}
{{bar percent|[[Turkic languages|Turkic]]|orange|9.5}}
{{bar percent|[[Latin]] and [[Greek language|Greek]]|yellow|6}}
{{bar percent|[[Romance languages|Romance]]|purple|2.5}}
{{bar percent|Other known|brown|1}}
}}

Except for a few Latin and Greek loan-words, these differences are unnoticed even by native speakers; the words have been entirely adopted into the Hungarian lexicon. There are an increasing number of English loan-words, especially in technical fields.

Another source<ref name="Halukinen-p307">''The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'', The Uralic and Altaic Series: 1960–1993 V.1-150, By Denis Sinor, John R. Krueger, Lauri Hakulinen, Gustav Bayerle, Translated by John R. Krueger, Compiled by Gustav Bayerle, Contributor Denis Sinor, Published by Routledge, 1997
{{ISBN|0-7007-0380-2}}, {{ISBN|978-0-7007-0380-7}}, 383 pages. p. 307</ref> differs in that loanwords in Hungarian are held to constitute about 45% of bases in the language. Although the lexical percentage of native words in Hungarian is 55%, their use accounts for 88.4% of all words used (the percentage of loanwords used being just 11.6%). Therefore, the history of Hungarian has come, especially since the 19th century, to favor neologisms from original bases, whilst still having developed as many terms from neighboring languages in the lexicon.

===Word formation===
Words can be compounds or derived. Most derivation is with suffixes, but there is a small set of derivational prefixes as well.

====Compounds====
Compounds have been present in the language since the [[Proto-Uralic]] era. Numerous ancient compounds transformed to base words during the centuries. Today, compounds play an important role in vocabulary.

A good example is the word ''arc'':

:: ''orr'' (nose) + ''száj'' (mouth) → ''orca'' (face) (colloquial until the end of the 19th century and still in use in some dialects) > ''arc'' (face)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nemzetismeret.hu/?id=3.2 |title=It's written in chapter Testrészek |publisher=Nemzetismeret.hu |access-date=2010-01-31}}</ref>

Compounds are made up of two base words: the first is the prefix, the latter is the suffix. A compound can be ''subordinative'':  the prefix is in logical connection with the suffix. If the prefix is the subject of the suffix, the compound is generally classified as a [[subjective case|subjective]] one. There are [[objective case|objective]], [[determiner (linguistics)|determinative]], and [[adjunct (grammar)|adjunct]]ive compounds as well. Some examples are given below:

: Subjective:
:: ''menny'' (heaven) + ''dörgés'' (rumbling) → ''mennydörgés'' (thundering)
:: ''Nap'' (Sun) + ''sütötte'' (lit by) → ''napsütötte'' (sunlit)
: Objective:
:: ''fa'' (tree, wood) + ''vágó'' (cutter) → ''favágó'' (lumberjack, literally "woodcutter")
: Determinative:
:: ''új'' (new) + ''já'' (modification of ''-vá, -vé'' a suffix meaning "making it to something") + ''építés'' (construction) → ''újjáépítés'' (reconstruction, literally "making something to be new by construction")
: Adjunctive:
:: ''sárga'' (yellow) + ''réz'' (copper) → ''sárgaréz'' (brass)

According to current orthographic rules, a subordinative compound word has to be written as a single word, without spaces; however, if the length of a compound of three or more words (not counting one-syllable verbal prefixes) is seven or more [[syllables]] long (not counting case suffixes), a hyphen must be inserted at the appropriate boundary to ease the determination of word boundaries for the reader.

Other compound words are ''coordinatives'': there is no concrete relation between the prefix and the suffix. Subcategories include [[reduplication]] (to emphasise the meaning; ''olykor-olykor''
'really occasionally'), twin words (where a base word and a distorted form of it makes up a compound: {{lang|hu|gizgaz}}, where the suffix 'gaz' means 'weed' and the prefix {{lang|hu|giz}} is the distorted form; the compound itself means 'inconsiderable weed'), and such compounds which have meanings, but neither their prefixes, nor their suffixes make sense (for example, {{lang|hu|hercehurca}} 'complex, obsolete procedures').

A compound also can be made up by multiple (i.e., more than two) base words: in this case, at least one word element, or even both the prefix and the suffix is a compound. Some examples:

: ''elme'' [mind; standalone base] + (''gyógy'' [medical] + ''intézet'' [institute]) → ''elmegyógyintézet'' ([[Psychiatric hospital|asylum]])
: (''hadi'' [militarian] + ''fogoly'' [prisoner]) + (''munka'' [work] + ''tábor'' [camp]) → ''hadifogoly-munkatábor'' (work camp of prisoners of war)

===Noteworthy lexical items===
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2018}}

====Points of the compass====
Hungarian words for the points of the compass are directly derived from the position of the Sun during the day in the Northern Hemisphere.

*North = észak (from "éj(szaka)", 'night'), as the Sun never shines from the North
*South = dél ('noon'), as the Sun shines from the South at noon
*East = kelet ('rise'), as the Sun rises in the East
*West = nyugat ('set'), as the Sun sets in the West

====Two words for "red"====


There are two basic words for "red" in Hungarian: "piros" and "vörös" (variant: "veres"; compare with Estonian "verev" or Finnish "punainen"). (They are basic in the sense that one is not a sub-type of the other, as the English "scarlet" is of "red".) The word "vörös" is related to "vér", meaning "blood" (Finnish and Estonian "veri"). When they refer to an actual difference in colour (as on a colour chart), "vörös" usually refers to the deeper (darker and/or more red and less orange) hue of red. In English similar differences exist between "scarlet" and "red". While many languages have multiple [[colour name|names for this colour]], often Hungarian scholars assume this is unique in recognizing two shades of red as separate and distinct "[[folk colour]]s".<ref name="basiccolor">Berlin, B and Kay, P (1969). ''Basic Color Terms''. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press</ref>

However, the two words are also used independently of the above in [[collocation]]s. "Piros" is learned by children first, as it is generally used to describe inanimate, artificial things, or things seen as cheerful or neutral, while "vörös" typically refers to animate or natural things (biological, geological, physical and astronomical objects), as well as serious or emotionally charged subjects.

When the rules outlined above are in contradiction, typical collocations usually prevail. In some cases where a typical collocation does not exist, the use of either of the two words may be equally adequate.

Examples:
*Expressions where "red" typically translates to "piros": a red road sign, red traffic lights, the red line of [[Budapest Metro]], red (now called express) bus lines in Budapest, a holiday shown in red in the calendar, ruddy complexion, the red nose of a clown, some red flowers (those of a neutral nature, e.g. tulips), red peppers and paprika, red card suits (hearts and diamonds), red stripes on a flag (but the [[red flag (politics)|red flag]] and its variants translate to "vörös"), etc.
*Expressions where "red" typically translates to "vörös": a red railway signal (unlike traffic lights, see above), [[Red Sea]], [[Red Square]], [[Red Army]], [[Red Baron]], [[Erik the Red]], [[red wine]], red carpet (for receiving important guests), red hair or beard, red lion (the mythical animal), the [[Red Cross]], the novel ''[[The Red and the Black]]'', [[redshift]], [[red giant]], [[red blood cell]]s, [[red oak]], some red flowers (those with passionate connotations, e.g. roses), red fox, names of ferric and other red minerals, red copper, rust, red phosphorus, the colour of blushing with anger or shame, the red nose of an alcoholic (in contrast with that of a clown, see above), the red posterior of a baboon, red meat, regular onion (not the red onion, which is "lila"), [[litmus paper]] (in acid), cities, countries, or other political entities associated with [[leftist]] movements (e.g. [[Red Vienna]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Red Russia]]), etc.

====Kinship terms====
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2018}}
The Hungarian words for brothers and sisters are differentiated based upon relative age. There is also a general word for "sibling": ''testvér'', from ''test'' "body" and ''vér'' "blood"; ''i.e.'', originating from the same body and blood.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| ||younger||elder||unspecified{{br}}relative age
|-
|brother||''öcs''||''báty''||''fivér'' or{{br}}''fiútestvér''
|-
|sister||''húg''||''nővér'' ''néne'' ''(archaic)''||''nővér'' or{{br}}''lánytestvér''
|-
|sibling|| ''kistestvér'' || ''(nagytestvér)'' ||''testvér''
|}

(There used to be a separate word for "elder sister", ''néne'', but it has become obsolete [except to mean "aunt" in some dialects] and has been replaced by the generic word for "sister".)

In addition, there are separate prefixes for several ancestors and descendants:

{| class="wikitable"
|parent||grandparent||great-{{br}}grandparent||great-great-{{br}}grandparent||great-great-great-{{br}}grandparent
|great-great-great-great-
grandparent
|-
||''szülő''||''nagyszülő''||''déd(nagy)szülő''||''ük(nagy)szülő''||''szép(nagy)szülő''{{br}}(OR ''ük-ük(nagy)szülő'')
|''ó(nagy)szülő''
(OR ''ük-ük-ük(nagy)szülő)''
|-
|child||grandchild||great-{{br}}grandchild||great-great-{{br}}grandchild||great-great-great-{{br}}grandchild
|great-great-great-great-{{br}}grandchild
|-
|''gyerek''||''unoka''||''dédunoka''||''ükunoka''||''szépunoka''{{br}}(OR ''ük-ükunoka'')
|''óunoka''{{br}}(OR ''ük-ük-ükunoka'')
|}

The words for "boy" and "girl" are applied with possessive suffixes. Nevertheless, the terms are differentiated with different declension or lexemes:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| ||boy/girl||(his/her){{br}}son/daughter||(his/her){{br}}lover, partner
|-
|male||''fiú''||''fia''||''fiúja/barátja''
|-
|female||''lány''||''lánya''||''barátnője''
|}

''Fia'' is only used in this, irregular possessive form; it has no nominative on its own (see [[inalienable possession]]). However, the word ''fiú'' can also take the regular suffix, in which case the resulting word ''(fiúja)'' will refer to a lover or partner (boyfriend), rather than a male offspring.

The word ''fiú'' (boy) is also often noted as an extreme example of the ability of the language to add suffixes to a word, by forming ''fiaiéi'', adding vowel-form suffixes only, where the result is quite a frequently used word:

{|class="wikitable"
|-
| fiú || boy
|-
| fia || his/her son
|-
| fiai || his/her sons
|-
| fiáé || his/her son's (singular object)
|-
| fiáéi || his/her son's (plural object)
|-
| fiaié || his/her sons' (singular object)
|-
| fiaiéi || his/her sons' (plural object)
|}

====Extremely long words====
*''megszentségteleníthetetlenségeskedéseitekért''
: Partition to root and suffixes with explanations:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
| meg- || verb prefix; in this case, it means "completed"
|-
| szent || holy (the word root)
|-
| -ség || like English "-ness", as in "holiness"
|-
| -t(e)len || variant of "-tlen", noun suffix expressing the lack of something; like English "-less", as in "useless"
|-
| -ít || constitutes a transitive verb from an adjective
|-
| -het || expresses possibility; somewhat similar to the English modal verbs "may" or "can"
|-
| -(e)tlen || another variant of "-tlen"
|-
| -ség || (see above)
|-
| -es || constitutes an adjective from a noun; like English "-y" as in "witty"
|-
| -ked || attached to an adjective (e.g. "strong"), produces the verb "to pretend to be (strong)" 
|-
| -és || constitutes a noun from a verb; there are various ways this is done in English, e.g. "-ance" in "acceptance"
|-
| -eitek || plural possessive suffix, second-person plural (e.g. "apple" → "your apples", where "your" refers to multiple people)
|-
| -ért || approximately translates to "because of", or in this case simply "for"
|}

: '''Translation:''' "for your [plural] repeated pretending to be indesecrable"

The above word is often considered to be the longest word in Hungarian, although there are longer words like:

* ''legeslegmegszentségteleníttethetetlenebbjeitekként''
:''leges-leg-meg-'''''szent'''''-ség-telen-ít-tet-het-etlen-ebb-je-i-tek-ként''
:"like those of you that are the very least possible to get desecrated"

Words of such length are not used in practice, and are difficult to understand even for natives. They were invented to show, in a somewhat facetious way, the ability of the language to form long words (see [[agglutinative language]]). They are not compound words—they are formed by adding a series of one and two-syllable suffixes (and a few prefixes) to a simple root ("szent", saint or holy).
There is virtually no limit for the length of words, but when too many suffixes are added, the meaning of the word becomes less clear, and the word becomes hard to understand, and will work like a riddle even for native speakers.

====Hungarian words in English====
The English word best known as being of Hungarian origin is probably ''[[paprika]]'', from Serbo-Croatian ''papar'' "pepper" and the Hungarian diminutive ''-ka''. The most common however is ''[[Coach (carriage)|coach]]'', from ''kocsi'', originally ''kocsi szekér'' "car from/in the style of [[Kocs]]". Others are:

* [[shako]], from ''csákó'', from ''csákósüveg'' "peaked cap"
* [[sabre]], from ''szablya''
* [[wikt:heyduck|heyduck]], from ''hajdúk'', plural of ''hajdú'' "brigand"
* [[tolpatch]], from ''talpas'' "foot-soldier", apparently derived from ''talp'' "[[sole (foot)|sole]]".

==Writing system==
{{Main article|Hungarian alphabet|Hungarian orthography|Hungarian Braille}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2018}}
[[File:Tihany 1055.PNG|thumb|The oldest surviving words written in Hungarian, from the founding declaration of the [[Tihany|Benedictine Abbey of Tihany]], 1055. {{br}} It reads "''feheruuaru rea meneh hodu utu rea''" (in modern Hungarian "''Fehérvárra menő hadi útra''", meaning "''to the military road going to [[Székesfehérvár|Fehérvár]]''")]]
[[File:A 4-es táblája.jpg|thumb|Hungarian language road sign]]
[[File:Codex of munchen - bible in hungarian.jpg|thumb|Medieval Hungarian book (a copy of the [[Hussite Bible]]), 1466]]

The Hungarian language was originally written in right-to-left [[Old Hungarian script|Old Hungarian runes]], superficially similar in appearance to the better-known [[futhark]] runes but unrelated. After [[Stephen I of Hungary]] established the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] in the year 1000, the old system was gradually discarded in favour of the Latin alphabet and left-to-right order. Although now not used at all in everyday life, the old script is still known and practised by some enthusiasts.

Modern Hungarian is written using an expanded [[Latin script|Latin alphabet]], and has a [[phoneme|phonemic]] orthography, i.e. pronunciation can generally be predicted from the written language. In addition to the standard letters of the Latin alphabet, Hungarian uses several modified Latin characters to represent the additional vowel sounds of the language. These include letters with acute accents ''(á, é, í, ó, ú)'' to represent long vowels, and umlauts (''ö'' and ''ü'') and their long counterparts [[Double acute accent|''ő'' and ''ű'']] to represent front vowels. Sometimes (usually as a result of a technical glitch on a computer) {{angle bracket|ô}} or {{angle bracket|õ}} is used for {{angle bracket|ő}}, and {{angle bracket|û}} for {{angle bracket|ű}}. This is often due to the limitations of the [[ISO/IEC 8859-1|Latin-1 / ISO-8859-1 code page]]. These letters are not part of the Hungarian language, and are considered misprints. Hungarian can be properly represented with the [[ISO/IEC 8859-2|Latin-2 / ISO-8859-2 code page]], but this [[code page]] is not always available. (Hungarian is the only language using both {{angle bracket|ő}} and {{angle bracket|ű}}.) [[Unicode]] includes them, and so they can be used on the Internet.

Additionally, the letter pairs [[Hungarian ny|{{angle bracket|ny}}]], [[Hungarian ty|{{angle bracket|ty}}]], and [[Hungarian gy|{{angle bracket|gy}}]] represent the palatal consonants {{IPA|/ɲ/}}, {{IPA|/c/}}, and {{IPA|/ɟ/}} (roughly analogous to the "d+y" sounds in British "''du''ke" or American "woul''d y''ou")—produced using a similar mechanism as the letter "d" when pronounced with the tongue pointing to the [[palate]].

Hungarian uses {{angle bracket|s}} for {{IPA|/ʃ/}} and [[Hungarian sz|{{angle bracket|sz}}]] for {{IPA|/s/}}, which is the reverse of [[Polish language|Polish]] usage. The letter [[Hungarian zs|{{angle bracket|zs}}]] is {{IPA|/ʒ/}} and [[Hungarian cs|{{angle bracket|cs}}]] is {{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}}. These digraphs are considered single letters in the alphabet. The letter [[Hungarian ly|{{angle bracket|ly}}]] is also a "single letter digraph", but is pronounced like {{IPA|/j/}} (English {{angle bracket|y}}), and appears mostly in old words. The letters [[Hungarian dz|{{angle bracket|dz}}]] and [[Hungarian dzs|{{angle bracket|dzs}}]] {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}} are exotic remnants and are hard to find even in longer texts. Some examples still in common use are ''madzag'' ("string"), ''edzeni'' ("to train (athletically)") and ''dzsungel'' ("jungle").

Sometimes additional information is required for partitioning words with digraphs: házszám ("street number") = ''ház'' ("house") + ''szám'' ("number"), not an unintelligible ''házs'' + ''zám''.

Hungarian distinguishes between long and short vowels, with long vowels written with acutes. It also distinguishes between long and short consonants, with long consonants being doubled. For example, ''lenni'' ("to be"), ''hozzászólás'' ("comment"). The digraphs, when doubled, become trigraphs: {{angle bracket|sz}} + {{angle bracket|sz}} = {{angle bracket|ssz}}, e.g. ''művésszel'' ("with an artist"). But when the digraph occurs at the end of a line, all of the letters are written out. For example, ("with a bus"):
:... ''busz-''
:''szal''...

When the first lexeme of a compound ends in a digraph and the second lexeme starts with the same digraph, both digraphs are written out: {{lang|hu|jegy}} + {{lang|hu|gyűrű}} = {{lang|hu|jegygyűrű}} ("engagement/wedding ring", {{lang|hu|jegy}} means "sign", "mark". The term {{lang|hu|jegyben lenni/járni}} means "to be engaged"; {{lang|hu|gyűrű}} means "ring").

Usually a trigraph is a double digraph, but there are a few exceptions: {{lang|hu|tizennyolc}} ("eighteen") is a concatenation of ''tizen'' + ''nyolc''. There are doubling [[minimal pair]]s: ''tol'' ("push") vs. ''toll'' ("feather" or "pen").

While to English speakers they may seem unusual at first, once the new orthography and pronunciation are learned, written Hungarian is almost completely phonemic (except for etymological spellings and "ly, j" representing {{IPA|/j/}}).

==Word order==
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2018}}
The [[word order]] is basically from general to specific. This is a typical analytical approach and is used generally in Hungarian.

===Name order===
{{Main article|Hungarian names}}
The Hungarian language uses the so-called eastern [[Personal name#Name order|name order]], in which the surname (general, deriving from the family) comes first and the [[given name]] comes last. If a second given name is used, this follows the first given name.{{cn|date=February 2021}}

====Hungarian names in foreign languages====
For clarity, in foreign languages Hungarian names are usually represented in the western name order. Sometimes, however, especially in the neighbouring countries of Hungary – where there is a [[Treaty of Trianon|significant Hungarian population]] – the Hungarian name order is retained, as it causes less confusion there.

For an example of foreign use, the birth name of the Hungarian-born physicist called the "father of the [[hydrogen bomb]]" was '''''Teller Ede''''', but he immigrated to the United States in the 1930s and thus became known as '''''[[Edward Teller]]'''''. Prior to the mid-20th century, given names were usually translated along with the name order; this is no longer as common. For example, the pianist uses ''[[András Schiff]]'' when abroad, not ''Andrew Schiff'' (in Hungarian ''Schiff András''). If a second given name is present, it becomes a middle name and is usually written out in full, rather than truncated to an initial.

====Foreign names in Hungarian====
In modern usage, foreign names retain their order when used in Hungarian. Therefore:

*Amikor ''Kiss János'' Los Angelesben volt, látta ''John Travoltát.'' (means: When János Kiss was in [[Los Angeles]] he saw John Travolta.)
:The Hungarian name ''Kiss János'' is in the Hungarian name order (''János'' is equivalent to ''John''), but the foreign name ''John Travolta'' remains in the western name order.

Before the 20th century, not only was it common to reverse the order of foreign personalities, they were also "Hungarianised": ''Goethe János Farkas'' (originally [[Johann Wolfgang Goethe]]). This usage sounds odd today, when only a few well-known personalities are referred to using their Hungarianised names, including ''Verne Gyula'' ([[Jules Verne]]), ''Marx Károly'' ([[Karl Marx]]), ''Kolumbusz Kristóf'' ([[Christopher Columbus]]; note that the last of these is also translated in English from the original Italian or possibly Ligurian).

Some native speakers disapprove of this usage; the names of certain historical religious personalities (including popes), however, are always Hungarianised by practically all speakers, such as ''Luther Márton'' ([[Martin Luther]]), ''Husz János'' ([[Jan Hus]]), ''Kálvin János'' ([[John Calvin]]); just like the names of monarchs, for example the king of Spain, [[Juan Carlos I]] is referred to as ''I. János Károly'' or the queen of the UK, [[Elizabeth II]] is referred to as ''II. Erzsébet''.

[[Japanese names]], which are usually written in western order in the rest of Europe, retain their original order in Hungarian, e. g. ''Kuroszava Akira'' instead of [[Akira Kurosawa]].

====Date and time====
The Hungarian convention for date and time is to go from the generic to the specific: 1. year, 2. month, 3. day, 4. hour, 5. minute, (6. second)

The year and day are always written in [[Arabic numerals]], followed by a [[full stop]]. The month can be written by its full name or can be abbreviated, or even denoted by [[Roman numerals|Roman]] or Arabic numerals. Except for the first case (month written by its full name), the month is followed by a full stop. Usually, when the month is written in letters, there is no leading zero before the day. On the other hand, when the month is written in Arabic numerals, a leading zero is common, but not obligatory. Except at the beginning of a sentence, the name of the month always begins with a lower-case letter.

Hours, minutes, and seconds are separated by a colon (H:m:s). Fractions of a second are separated by a full stop from the rest of the time. Hungary generally uses the [[24-hour clock]] format, but in verbal (and written) communication [[12-hour clock]] format can also be used. See below for usage examples.

Date and time may be separated by a comma or simply written one after the other.

*2020. február 9. 16:23:42 ''or'' 2020. február 9., 16:23:42
*2020. febr. 9.
*2020. 02. 09. ''or'' 2020. 2. 9. (rarely)
*2020. II. 9.

Date separated by [[hyphen]] is also spreading, especially on datestamps. Here – just like the version separated by full stops – leading zeros are in use.

*2020-02-09

When only hours and minutes are written in a sentence (so not only "displaying" time), these parts can be separated by a [[full stop]] (e.g. "Találkozzunk 10.35-kor." – "Let's meet at 10.35."), or it is also regular to write hours in normal size, and minutes put in [[superscript]] (and not necessarily) underlined (e.g. "A találkozó 1035-kor kezdődik." ''or'' "A találkozó 1035-kor kezdődik." – "The meeting begins at 10.35.").

Also, in verbal and written communication it is common to use "délelőtt" (literally "before noon") and "délután" (lit. "after noon") abbreviated as "de." and "du." respectively. Délelőtt and délután is said or written before the time, e.g. "Délután 4 óra van." – "It's 4 p.m.". However e.g. "délelőtt 5 óra" (should mean "5 a.m.") or "délután 10 óra" (should mean "10 p.m.") are never used, because at these times the sun is not up, instead "hajnal" ("dawn"), "reggel" ("morning"), "este" ("evening") and "éjjel" ("night") is used, however there are no exact rules for the use of these, as everybody uses them according to their habits (e.g. somebody may have woken up at 5 a.m. so he/she says "Reggel 6-kor ettem." – "I had food at ''*morning'' 6.", and somebody woke up at 11 a.m. so he/she says "Hajnali 6-kor még aludtam." – "I was still sleeping at ''*dawn'' 6."). Roughly, these expressions mean these times:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Expression!!Approximate time
|-
|Hajnal||4–6 a.m.
|-
|Reggel||6–9 a.m.
|-
|Délelőtt (de.)||9 a.m. – 12 p.m.
|-
|Dél*||=12 p.m. (="noon")
|-
|Délután (du.)||12–6 p.m.
|-
|Este||6–11 p.m.
|-
|Éjjel||11 p.m. – 4 a.m.
|-
|Éjfél*||=12 a.m. (="midnight")
|}
* * "Dél" and "éjfél" mean these exact times, so using time after them is incorrect. So there is '''no''' "Éjfél 0-kor még buliztunk" ("We were still partying at ''*midnight 0''.") or "Dél 12-kor süt a nap." ("The sun shines at ''*noon 12''."). Instead "Éjfél'''kor''' még buliztunk." and "Dél'''ben''' süt a nap." is correct. (More confusingly, one can say "Dél'''i''' 12-kor süt a nap.", meaning "The sun shines at 12 '''of''' noon.", i.e. "The sun shines at 12, which is the 12 of daytime.") "Délen süt a nap" on the other hand means "The sun shines in the south", as Dél means both noon and south.

==== Addresses ====

Although address formatting is increasingly being influenced by standard European conventions, the traditional Hungarian style is:

'''Budapest, Deák Ferenc tér 1. 1052'''

So the order is: 1) settlement (most general), 2) street/square/etc. (more specific), 3) house number (most specific) 4)(HU-)postcode. The house number may be followed by the storey and door numbers. The HU- part before the postcode is only for incoming postal traffic from foreign countries. Addresses on envelopes and postal parcels should be formatted and placed on the right side as follows:

Name of the recipient 
Settlement 
Street address (up to door number if necessary) 
(HU-)postcode

==Vocabulary examples==
''Note: The stress is always placed on the first syllable of each word. The remaining syllables all receive an equal, lesser stress. All syllables are pronounced clearly and evenly, even at the end of a sentence, unlike in English.''

=== Numbers ===
Source: Wiktionary<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Hungarian_cardinal_numbers|title=Category:Hungarian cardinal numbers - Wiktionary|website=en.wiktionary.org|access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref>
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}

{| class="wikitable"
! English || Hungarian || [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
|-
| zero || ''nulla'' || {{IPA|/ˈnulːɒ/}}
|-
| one || ''egy'' || {{IPA|/ˈɛɟː/}}
|-
| two || ''kettő'' || {{IPA|/ˈkɛtːøː/}}
|-
| three || ''három'' || {{IPA|/ˈhaːrom/}}
|-
| four || ''négy'' || {{IPA|/ˈneːɟ/}}
|-
| five || ''öt'' || {{IPA|/ˈøt/}}
|-
| six || ''hat'' || {{IPA|/ˈhɒt/}}
|-
| seven || ''hét'' || {{IPA|/ˈheːt/}}
|-
| eight || ''nyolc'' || {{IPA|/ˈɲolt͡s/}}
|-
| nine || ''kilenc'' || {{IPA|/ˈkilɛnt͡s/}}
|-
| ten || ''tíz'' || {{IPA|/ˈtiːz/}}
|}

{{col-break}}

{| class="wikitable"
! English || Hungarian || IPA
|-
| eleven || ''tizenegy'' || {{IPA|/ˈtizɛnɛɟː/}}
|-
| twelve || ''tizenkettő'' || {{IPA|/ˈtizɛŋkɛtːøː/}}
|-
| thirteen || ''tizenhárom'' || {{IPA|/ˈtizɛnɦaːrom/}}
|-
| fourteen || ''tizennégy'' || {{IPA|/ˈtizɛnːeːɟ/}}
|-
| fifteen || ''tizenöt'' || {{IPA|/ˈtizɛnøt/}}
|-
| sixteen || ''tizenhat'' || {{IPA|/ˈtizɛnɦɒt/}}
|-
| seventeen || ''tizenhét'' || {{IPA|/ˈtizɛnɦeːt/}}
|-
| eighteen || ''tizennyolc'' || {{IPA|/ˈtizɛɲːolt͡s/}}
|-
| nineteen || ''tizenkilenc'' || {{IPA|/ˈtizɛŋkilɛnt͡s/}}
|-
| twenty || ''húsz'' || {{IPA|/ˈhuːs/}}
|}
{{col-break}}

{| class="wikitable"
! English || Hungarian || IPA
|-
| twenty-one || ''huszonegy'' || {{IPA|/ˈhusonɛɟː/}}
|-
| twenty-two || ''huszonkettő'' || {{IPA|/ˈhusoŋkɛtːøː/}}
|-
| twenty-three || ''huszonhárom'' || {{IPA|/ˈhusonɦaːrom/}}
|-
| twenty-four || ''huszonnégy'' || {{IPA|/ˈhusonːeːɟ/}}
|-
| twenty-five || ''huszonöt'' || {{IPA|/ˈhusonøt/}}
|-
| twenty-six || ''huszonhat'' || {{IPA|/ˈhusonɦɒt/}}
|-
| twenty-seven || ''huszonhét'' || {{IPA|/ˈhusonɦeːt/}}
|-
| twenty-eight || ''huszonnyolc'' || {{IPA|/ˈhusoɲːolt͡s/}}
|-
| twenty-nine || ''huszonkilenc'' || {{IPA|/ˈhusoŋkilɛnt͡s/}}
|-
| thirty || ''harminc'' || {{IPA|/ˈhɒrmint͡s/}}
|-
|forty || ''negyven'' || {{IPA|/ˈnɛɟvɛn/}}
|-
|fifty || ''ötven'' || {{IPA|/ˈøtvɛn/}}
|-
|sixty || ''hatvan ''|| {{IPA|/ˈhɒtvɒn/}}
|-
|seventy || ''hetven'' || {{IPA|/ˈhɛtvɛn/}}
|-
|eighty|| ''nyolcvan'' || {{IPA|/ˈɲolt͡svɒn/}}
|-
|ninety|| ''kilencven'' || {{IPA|/ˈkilɛnt͡svɛn/}}
|}
{{col-end}}

{| class="wikitable"
! English || Hungarian || IPA
|-
| one hundred || száz || {{IPA|/ˈsaːz/}}
|-
| one thousand || ezer || {{IPA|/ˈɛzɛr/}}
|-
| two thousand || kétezer {{br}}(kettőezer) || {{IPA|/ˈkeːtɛzɛr/}} {{br}}({{IPA|/ˈkettøːɛzɛr/}})
|-
| two thousand (and) nineteen (2019) || kétezer-tizenkilenc {{br}}(kettőezertizenkilenc)||{{IPA|/ˈkeːtɛzɛrtizɛŋkilɛnt͡s/}} {{br}}({{IPA|/ˈkettøːɛzɛrtizɛŋkilɛnt͡s/}})
|-
| one million || egymillió || /ˈɛɟmilːiʲoː/
|-
| one billion || egymilliárd || /ˈɛɟmilːiʲaːrd/
|}

===Time===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Days of the week
! English || Hungarian || IPA
|-
| Monday || ''hétfő'' || {{IPA|/ˈheːtføː/}}
|-
| Tuesday || ''kedd'' || {{IPA|/ˈkɛdː/}}
|-
| Wednesday || ''szerda'' || {{IPA|/ˈsɛrdɒ/}}
|-
| Thursday || ''csütörtök'' || {{IPA|/ˈt͡ʃytørtøk/}}
|-
| Friday || ''péntek'' || {{IPA|/ˈpeːntɛk/}}
|-
| Saturday || ''szombat'' || {{IPA|/ˈsombɒt/}}
|-
| Sunday || ''vasárnap'' || {{IPA|/ˈvɒʃaːrnɒp/}}
|}
Source: Wiktionary<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:hu:Days_of_the_week|title=Category:hu:Days of the week |publisher=Wiktionary|access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=October 2017}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Months of the year
! English || Hungarian || IPA
|-
| January || ''január'' || {{IPA|/ˈjɒnuaːr/}}
|-
| February || ''február'' || {{IPA|/ˈfɛbruaːr/}}
|-
| March || ''március'' || {{IPA|/ˈmaːrt͡siʲuʃ/}}
|-
| April || ''április'' || {{IPA|/ˈaːpriliʃ/}}
|-
| May || ''május'' || {{IPA|/ˈmaːjuʃ/}}
|-
| June || ''június'' || {{IPA|/ˈjuːniʲuʃ/}}
|-
| July || ''július'' || {{IPA|/ˈjuːliʲuʃ/}}
|-
| August || ''augusztus'' || {{IPA|/ˈɒuɡustuʃ/}}
|-
| September || ''szeptember'' || {{IPA|/ˈsɛptɛmbɛr/}}
|-
| October || ''október'' || {{IPA|/ˈoktoːbɛr/}}
|-
| November || ''november'' || {{IPA|/ˈnovɛmbɛr/}}
|-
| December || ''december'' || {{IPA|/ˈdɛt͡sɛmbɛr/}}
|}
Source:''Wiktionary''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:hu:Months|title=Category:hu:Months |publisher=Wiktionary |access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=October 2017}}

===Conversation===
*Hungarian (person, language): ''magyar'' {{IPA|[mɒɟɒr]}}
*Hello!:
**Formal, when addressing a stranger: "Good day!": ''Jó napot (kívánok)!'' {{IPA|[joːnɒpot ki:vaːnok].}}
**Informal, when addressing a close acquaintance: ''Szia!'' {{IPA|[siɒ]}}
*Good-bye!: ''Viszontlátásra!'' {{IPA|[visontlaːtaːʃrɒ]}} (formal) (see above), ''Viszlát!'' {{IPA|[vislaːt]}} (semi-informal), ''Szia!'' (informal: same stylistic remark as for "Hello!" )
*Excuse me: ''Elnézést!'' {{IPA|[ɛlneːzeːʃt]}}
*Please:
**''Kérem (szépen)'' {{IPA|[keːrɛm seːpɛn]}} (This literally means "I'm asking (it/you) ''nicely''", as in German ''Bitte schön''. See next for a more common form of the polite request.)
**''Legyen szíves!'' {{IPA|[lɛɟɛn sivɛʃ]}} (literally: "Be (so) kind!")
*I would like ____, please: ''Szeretnék ____'' {{IPA|[sɛrɛtneːk]}} (this example illustrates the use of the [[conditional tense]], as a common form of a polite request; it literally means "I would like".)
*Sorry!: ''Bocsánat!'' {{IPA|[botʃaːnɒt]}}
*Thank you: ''Köszönöm'' {{IPA|[køsønøm]}}
*that/this: ''az'' {{IPA|[ɒz]}}, ''ez'' {{IPA|[ɛz]}}
*How much?: ''Mennyi?'' {{IPA|[mɛɲːi]}}
*How much does it cost?: ''Mennyibe kerül?'' {{IPA|[mɛɲːibɛ kɛryl]}}
*Yes: ''Igen'' {{IPA|[iɡɛn]}}
*No: ''Nem'' {{IPA|[nɛm]}}
*I do not understand: ''Nem értem'' {{IPA|[nɛm eːrtɛm]}}
*I do not know: ''Nem tudom'' {{IPA|[nɛm tudom]}}
*Where's the toilet?:
**''Hol (van) a vécé?'' {{IPA|[hol vɒn ɒ veːtseː]}} (vécé/veːtseː is the Hungarian pronunciation of the English abbreviation of "Water Closet")
**''Hol (van) a mosdó?'' {{IPA|[hol vɒn ɒ moʒdoː]}} – more polite (and word-for-word) version
*generic toast: ''Egészségünkre!'' {{IPA|[ɛɡeːʃːeːɡyŋkrɛ]}} (literally: "To our health!")
*juice: ''gyümölcslé'' {{IPA|[ɟymøltʃleː]}}
*water: ''víz'' {{IPA|[viːz]}}
*wine: ''bor'' {{IPA|[bor]}}
*beer: ''sör'' {{IPA|[ʃør]}}
*tea: ''tea'' {{IPA|[tɛɒ]}}
*milk: ''tej'' {{IPA|[tɛj]}}
*Do you speak English?: {{lang|hu|Beszél(sz) angolul?}} {{IPA|[bɛseːl / bɛseːls ɒŋɡolul]}} Note that the fact of ''asking'' is only shown by the proper intonation: continually rising until the penultimate syllable, then falling for the last one.
*I love you: ''Szeretlek'' {{IPA|[sɛrɛtlɛk]}}
*Help!: ''Segítség!'' {{IPA|[ʃɛɡiːtʃeːɡ]}}
*It is needed: ''kell''
*I need to go: ''Mennem kell''

==Recorded examples==
<gallery>
WIKITONGUES-_Orsolya_speaking_Hungarian.webm|A Hungarian speaker
WIKITONGUES-_Norbert_speaking_Hungarian.webm|A Hungarian speaker recorded in Taiwan
WIKITONGUES-_M%C3%A1ria_speaking_Swabian_and_Hungarian.webm|A bilingual speaker of Hungarian and Swabian, recorded in Perbál, Hungary
WIKITONGUES- Gabriel speaking Hungarian.webm|A native Icelandic speaker speaking Hungarian
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Hungarian grammar]]
*[[Hungarian verbs]]
*[[Hungarian noun phrase]]
*[[Hungarian phonology]]
*[[History of the Hungarian language]]
*[[Hungarian dialects]]
*[[Hungarian Cultural Institute]]
*[[List of English words of Hungarian origin]]
*[[BABEL Speech Corpus]]
*''[[Magyar szótár]]'' (Dictionary of the Hungarian Language)

==Bibliography==

===Courses===
* ''MagyarOK – Text book and exercise book for beginners''. Szita, Szilvia; Pelcz, Katalin (2013). Pécs; Pécsi Tudományegyetem. [http://www.magyar-ok.hu/ MagyarOK website] {{ISBN|978-963-7178-68-9}}.
*''Colloquial Hungarian – The complete course for beginners''. Rounds, Carol H.; Sólyom, Erika (2002). London; New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|0-415-24258-4}}.
:This book gives an introduction to the Hungarian language in 15 chapters. The dialogues are available on CDs.

*''Teach Yourself Hungarian – A complete course for beginners''. Pontifex, Zsuzsa (1993). London: Hodder & Stoughton. Chicago: NTC/Contemporary Publishing. {{ISBN|0-340-56286-2}}.
:This is a complete course in spoken and written Hungarian. The course consists of 21 chapters with dialogues, culture notes, grammar and exercises. The dialogues are available on cassette.

*''Hungarolingua 1 – Magyar nyelvkönyv''. Hoffmann, István; et al. (1996). [http://www.nyariegyetem.hu/ Debreceni Nyári Egyetem]. {{ISBN|963-472-083-8}}
*''Hungarolingua 2 – Magyar nyelvkönyv''. Hlavacska, Edit; et al. (2001). [http://www.nyariegyetem.hu/ Debreceni Nyári Egyetem]. {{ISBN|963-03-6698-3}}
*''Hungarolingua 3 – Magyar nyelvkönyv''. Hlavacska, Edit; et al. (1999). [http://www.nyariegyetem.hu/ Debreceni Nyári Egyetem]. {{ISBN|963-472-083-8}}
:These course books were developed by the University of Debrecen Summer School program for teaching Hungarian to foreigners. The books are written completely in Hungarian and therefore unsuitable for self study. There is an accompanying 'dictionary' with translations of the Hungarian vocabulary into English, German, and French for the words used in the first two books.
*"NTC's Hungarian and English Dictionary" by Magay and Kiss. {{ISBN|0-8442-4968-8}} (You may be able to find a newer edition also. This one is 1996.)

===Grammars===
* ''Gyakorló magyar nyelvtan / A Practical Hungarian grammar'' (2009, 2010). Szita Szilvia, Görbe Tamás. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. 978 963 05 8703 7.
* ''A practical Hungarian grammar'' (3rd, rev. ed.). Keresztes, László (1999). Debrecen: Debreceni Nyári Egyetem. {{ISBN|963-472-300-4}}.
*''[[s:Simplified Grammar of the Hungarian Language|Simplified Grammar of the Hungarian Language]]'' (1882). [[Ignatius Singer]]. London: Trübner & Co.
*''Practical Hungarian grammar: [a compact guide to the basics of Hungarian grammar]''. Törkenczy, Miklós (2002). Budapest: Corvina. {{ISBN|963-13-5131-9}}.
*''Hungarian verbs and essentials of grammar: a practical guide to the mastery of Hungarian'' (2nd ed.). Törkenczy, Miklós (1999). Budapest: Corvina; Lincolnwood, [Ill.]: Passport Books. {{ISBN|963-13-4778-8}}.
*''Hungarian: an essential grammar'' (2nd ed.). Rounds, Carol (2009). London; New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|0-415-77737-2}}.
*''Hungarian: Descriptive grammar''. Kenesei, István, Robert M. Vago, and Anna Fenyvesi (1998). London; New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|0-415-02139-1}}.
*[http://www.rpi.edu/~sofkam/magyar.html Hungarian Language Learning References] (including the short reviews of three of the above books)
*''Noun Declension Tables – HUNGARIAN''. Budapest: [http://www.pons.hu/index.php?action=termek&id=81 Pons]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928153213/http://www.klett.hu/termekcsalad/250 Klett]. {{ISBN|978-963-9641-04-4}}
*''Verb Conjugation Tables – HUNGARIAN''. Budapest: [http://www.pons.hu/index.php?action=termek&id=82 Pons]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928153159/http://www.klett.hu/termekcsalad/253 Klett]. {{ISBN|978-963-9641-03-7}}

===Others===
* Abondolo, Daniel Mario: ''Hungarian Inflectional Morphology''. Akadémiai publishing. Budapest, 1988. {{ISBN|9630546302}}
* Balázs, Géza: ''The Story of Hungarian. A Guide to the Language.'' Translated by Thomas J. DeKornfeld. Corvina publishing. Budapest, 1997. {{ISBN|9631343626}}
* Stephanides, Éva H. (ed.): ''Contrasting English with Hungarian''. Akadémiai publishing. Budapest, 1986. {{ISBN|9630539500}}
* {{cite journal | title = Hungarian | volume = 24 | doi = 10.1017/S0025100300005090 | number = 2 | journal = Journal of the International Phonetic Association | publisher = Cambridge University Press | last = Szende | first = Tamás | date = December 1994 | pages = 91-94}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group="note"}}

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Prijedlog izvještaja">{{Cite web |url=https://www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/minlang/Report/PeriodicalReports/CroatiaPR5_hr.pdf |title=Peto izvješće Republike Hrvatske o primjeni Europske povelje o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima |last=Government of Croatia |author-link=Government of Croatia |date=October 2013 |publisher=[[Council of Europe]] |page=34–36 |language=hr |trans-title=Croatia's fifth report on the implementation of the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages |access-date=18 March 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="cia-hu">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/hungary/ |title=Hungary |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref>

}}

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikibooks|Hungarian}}
{{InterWiki|code=hu}}
{{wiktionary category}}
{{commons category|Hungarian language}}
{{Wikivoyage|Hungarian phrasebook|Hungarian|a phrasebook}}
* [http://magyarora.com Free downloadable Hungarian teaching and learning material]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041010065220/http://impulzus.sch.bme.hu/info/magyar.shtml Introduction to Hungarian]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110605044626/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=31&menu=004 Hungarian Profile]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928030415/http://member.melbpc.org.au/~tmajlath/form-suffix.html List of formative suffixes in Hungarian]
* [http://www.histdoc.net/sounds/hungary.html The relationship between the Finnish and the Hungarian languages]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060805202844/http://how-to-learn-any-language.com/e/languages/hungarian/index.html Hungarian Language Review] at How-to-learn-any-language.com
* [http://stp.ling.uu.se/~bea/publ/megyesi-hungarian.pdf "The Hungarian Language: A Short Descriptive Grammar"] by Beáta Megyesi (PDF document)
* [http://www.indiana.edu/~iuihsl/homethisisoldbutgoodone.html The old site of the Indiana University Institute of Hungarian Studies (various resources)]
* [http://www.rpi.edu/~sofkam/magyar.html Hungarian Language Learning References] on the Hungarian Language Page (short reviews of useful books)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060210154349/http://users.tpg.com.au/etr/oldhu/halotti.html One of the oldest Hungarian texts – A Halotti Beszéd (The Funeral Oration)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100119064254/http://wiki.langwiki.info/Hungarian WikiLang] – Hungarian Page (Hungarian grammar / lessons, in English)
* [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Hungarian_Swadesh_list Hungarian Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words] (from Wiktionary's [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Swadesh_lists Swadesh-list appendix])
*[https://www.livelingua.com/fsi-hungarian-course.php Basic Hungarian language course (book + audio files)] USA Foreign Service Institute (FSI)
*[http://oldhungariancorpus.nytud.hu Old Hungarian Corpus]

===''Encyclopaedia Humana Hungarica''===
* [http://mek.oszk.hu/01900/01993/html/index2.html Introduction to the History of the Language; The Pre-Hungarian Period; The Early Hungarian Period; The Old Hungarian Period]
* [http://mek.oszk.hu/01900/01955/html/index2.html The Linguistic Records of the Early Old Hungarian Period; The Linguistic System of the Age]
* [http://mek.oszk.hu/01900/01949/html/index2.html The Old Hungarian Period; The System of the Language of the Old Hungarian Period]
* [http://mek.oszk.hu/01900/01919/html/index2.html The Late Old Hungarian Period; The System of the Language]
* [http://mek.oszk.hu/01900/01911/html/index2.html The First Half of the Middle Hungarian Period; Turkish Loan Words]

===Dictionaries===
* [http://dict.sztaki.hu/english-hungarian Hungarian ↔ English] created by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences – [[Institute for Computer Science and Control|Computer and Automation Research Institute]] [http://www.sztaki.hu/?en MTA SZTAKI] (also includes dictionaries for the following languages to and from Hungarian : German, French, Italian, Dutch, and Polish)
* [http://hu.bab.la/sz%C3%B3t%C3%A1r/angol-magyar/ bab.la] - Online Hungarian-English dictionary and language learning portal
* [http://www.finnhun.com English-Hungarian-Finnish] – three-language freely editable online dictionary
* [http://www.muszaki-forditas.lap.hu Collection of Hungarian Technical Dictionaries]
*[http://www.dicts.info/dictlist1.php?l=Hungarian Hungarian bilingual dictionaries]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110924083712/http://www.magyarangolszotar.hu/ Hungarian-English dictionary]
* [http://angolmagyarszotar.hu English-Hungarian dictionary]
* [http://www.jargot.com/hvc/ Hungarian Verb Conjugation]

{{Hungary topics}}
{{Languages of Hungary}}
{{Languages of Romania}}
{{Languages of Serbia}}
{{Languages of Slovakia}}
{{Uralic languages}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hungarian Language}}
[[Category:Hungarian language| ]]
[[Category:Agglutinative languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Austria]]
[[Category:Languages of Croatia]]
[[Category:Languages of Hungary]]
[[Category:Languages of Romania]]
[[Category:Languages of Slovakia]]
[[Category:Languages of Slovenia]]
[[Category:Languages of Serbia]]
[[Category:Languages of Vojvodina]]
[[Category:Vowel-harmony languages]]
[[Category:Subject–object–verb languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Ukraine]]

User:Tjmj/common.css

2021-03-10T19:59:04Z

Tjmj:

.mw-parser-output span.cs1-maint {display: inline;} /* display Citation Style 1 maintenance messages */

.harv-error {display: inline !important;} /* display Module:Footnotes errors */

Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases

2021-03-02T17:32:29Z

Tjmj:

<noinclude>
{{VEFriendly}}
{{main|COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey}}
</noinclude><div class="noresize" style="max-width:1000px;max-height:530px;overflow-x: auto;">
{| class="sortable wikitable mw-datatable mw-collapsible" style="font-size:80%; text-align: center;"
|+ style="font-size:125%" |{{nowrap|COVID-19 cases and deaths in Turkey, nationwide ({{navbar|COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases|mini=1|nodiv=1}})}}
! rowspan="2" | Date
! colspan="4" | Confirmed cases
! colspan="2" | Deaths
! colspan="2" | Recoveries
! colspan="1" | Severe cases
! colspan="2" | Number of tests
! colspan="2" | Ratios
|-
!New{{efn|name=symptomatic cases|Positive results were classified as either "symptomatic" or "asymptomatic" starting on July 29, 2020. The government disclosed only "symptomatic" cases between July 29 and November 25, 2020.}}
!New{{efn|name=asymptomatic cases|Positive results were classified as either "symptomatic" or "asymptomatic" starting on July 29, 2020. The government started disclosing "asymptomatic" cases on November 25, 2020.}}
!Total
!Active{{efn|name=activecase|The government does not announce the number of active cases, which is calculated by using government data (total number of deaths, recoveries, and cases).}}
!New
!Total
!New
!Total
!Serious
!New
!Total
!Positivity
!Fatality
|-
!align=center|11 March 2020
|align=center|1
|align=center|—
|align=center|1
|align=center|1
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|-
!align=center|12 March 2020
|align=center|0
|align=center|—
|align=center|1
|align=center|1
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|-
!align=center|13 March 2020
|align=center|4
|align=center|—
|align=center|5
|align=center|5
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|-
!align=center|14 March 2020
|align=center|1
|align=center|—
|align=center|6
|align=center|6
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|-
!align=center|15 March 2020
|align=center|12
|align=center|—
|align=center|18
|align=center|17
|align=center|1
|align=center|1
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|-
!align=center|16 March 2020
|align=center|29
|align=center|—
|align=center|47
|align=center|46
|align=center|0
|align=center|1
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|-
!align=center|17 March 2020
|align=center|41
|align=center|—
|align=center|98
|align=center|96
|align=center|1
|align=center|2
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|8,002
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|-
!align=center|18 March 2020
|align=center|93
|align=center|—
|align=center|191
|align=center|188
|align=center|2
|align=center|3
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|—
|align=center|2,015
|align=center|10,017
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|-
!align=center|19 March 2020
|align=center|168
|align=center|—
|align=center|359
|align=center|355
|align=center|1
|align=center|4
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|—
|align=center|1,981
|align=center|11,998
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|-
!align=center|20 March 2020
|align=center|311
|align=center|—
|align=center|670
|align=center|661
|align=center|5
|align=center|9
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|—
|align=center|3,656
|align=center|15,624
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|-
!align=center|21 March 2020
|align=center|277
|align=center|—
|align=center|947
|align=center|926
|align=center|13
|align=center|21
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|—
|align=center|2,952
|align=center|18,604
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|-
!align=center|22 March 2020
|align=center|289
|align=center|—
|align=center|1,236
|align=center|1,206
|align=center|9
|align=center|30
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|—
|align=center|1,738
|align=center|20,345
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|-
!align=center|23 March 2020
|align=center|293
|align=center|—
|align=center|1,529
|align=center|1,492
|align=center|7
|align=center|37
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|—
|align=center|3,672
|align=center|24,017
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|-
!align=center|24 March 2020
|align=center|343
|align=center|—
|align=center|1,872
|align=center|1,802
|align=center|7
|align=center|44
|align=center|26
|align=center|26
|align=center|—
|align=center|3,952
|align=center|27,969
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|-
!align=center|25 March 2020
|align=center|561
|align=center|—
|align=center|2,433
|align=center|2,348
|align=center|15
|align=center|59
|align=center|—
|align=center|26
|align=center|—
|align=center|5,035
|align=center|33,004
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|-
!align=center|26 March 2020
|align=center|1,196
|align=center|—
|align=center|3,629
|align=center|3,528
|align=center|16
|align=center|75
|align=center|0
|align=center|26
|align=center|—
|align=center|7,286
|align=center|40,290
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|-
!align=center|27 March 2020
|align=center|2,069
|align=center|—
|align=center|5,698
|align=center|5,564
|align=center|17
|align=center|92
|align=center|16
|align=center|42
|align=center|—
|align=center|7,533
|align=center|47,823
|align=center|27.47%
|align=center|1.61%
|-
!align=center|28 March 2020
|align=center|1,704
|align=center|—
|align=center|7,402
|align=center|7,224
|align=center|16
|align=center|108
|align=center|28
|align=center|70
|align=center|—
|align=center|7,641
|align=center|55,464
|align=center|22.30%
|align=center|1.46%
|-
!align=center|29 March 2020
|align=center|1,815
|align=center|—
|align=center|9,217
|align=center|8,981
|align=center|23
|align=center|131
|align=center|35
|align=center|105
|align=center|—
|align=center|9,982
|align=center|65,446
|align=center|18.18%
|align=center|1.42%
|-
!align=center|30 March 2020
|align=center|1,610
|align=center|—
|align=center|10,827
|align=center|10,497
|align=center|37
|align=center|168
|align=center|57
|align=center|162
|align=center|—
|align=center|11,535
|align=center|76,981
|align=center|13.96%
|align=center|1.55%
|-
!align=center|31 March 2020
|align=center|2,704
|align=center|—
|align=center|13,531
|align=center|13,074
|align=center|46
|align=center|214
|align=center|81
|align=center|243
|align=center|—
|align=center|15,422
|align=center|92,403
|align=center|17.53%
|align=center|1.58%
|-
!align=center|1 April 2020
|align=center|2,148
|align=center|—
|align=center|15,679
|align=center|15,069
|align=center|63
|align=center|277
|align=center|90
|align=center|333
|align=center|—
|align=center|14,397
|align=center|106,799
|align=center|14.92%
|align=center|1.77%
|-
!align=center|2 April 2020
|align=center|2,456
|align=center|—
|align=center|18,315
|align=center|17,544
|align=center|79
|align=center|356
|align=center|82
|align=center|415
|align=center|—
|align=center|18,757
|align=center|125,556
|align=center|13.09%
|align=center|1.96%
|-
!align=center|3 April 2020
|align=center|2,786
|align=center|—
|align=center|20,921
|align=center|20,012
|align=center|69
|align=center|425
|align=center|69
|align=center|484
|align=center|—
|align=center|16,160
|align=center|141,716
|align=center|17.24%
|align=center|2.03%
|-
!align=center|4 April 2020
|align=center|3,013
|align=center|—
|align=center|23,934
|align=center|22,647
|align=center|76
|align=center|501
|align=center|302
|align=center|786
|align=center|—
|align=center|19,664
|align=center|161,380
|align=center|15.32%
|align=center|2.09%
|-
!align=center|5 April 2020
|align=center|3,135
|align=center|—
|align=center|27,069
|align=center|25,453
|align=center|73
|align=center|574
|align=center|256
|align=center|1,042
|align=center|—
|align=center|20,065
|align=center|181,445
|align=center|15.62%
|align=center|2.12%
|-
!align=center|6 April 2020
|align=center|3,148
|align=center|—
|align=center|30,217
|align=center|28,242
|align=center|75
|align=center|649
|align=center|284
|align=center|1,326
|align=center|—
|align=center|21,400
|align=center|202,845
|align=center|14.71%
|align=center|2.15%
|-
!align=center|7 April 2020
|align=center|3,892
|align=center|—
|align=center|34,109
|align=center|31,802
|align=center|76
|align=center|725
|align=center|256
|align=center|1,582
|align=center|—
|align=center|20,023
|align=center|222,868
|align=center|19.44%
|align=center|2.13%
|-
!align=center|8 April 2020
|align=center|4,117
|align=center|—
|align=center|38,226
|align=center|35,568
|align=center|87
|align=center|812
|align=center|264
|align=center|1,846
|align=center|—
|align=center|24,900
|align=center|247,768
|align=center|16.53%
|align=center|2.12%
|-
!align=center|9 April 2020
|align=center|4,056
|align=center|—
|align=center|42,282
|align=center|39,232
|align=center|96
|align=center|908
|align=center|296
|align=center|2,142
|align=center|—
|align=center|28,578
|align=center|276,338
|align=center|14.19%
|align=center|2.15%
|-
!align=center|10 April 2020
|align=center|4,747
|align=center|—
|align=center|47,029
|align=center|43,600
|align=center|98
|align=center|1,006
|align=center|281
|align=center|2,423
|align=center|—
|align=center|30,864
|align=center|307,210
|align=center|15.38%
|align=center|2.14%
|-
!align=center|11 April 2020
|align=center|5,138
|align=center|—
|align=center|52,167
|align=center|48,101
|align=center|95
|align=center|1,101
|align=center|542
|align=center|2,965
|align=center|—
|align=center|33,170
|align=center|340,380
|align=center|15.49%
|align=center|2.11%
|-
!align=center|12 April 2020
|align=center|4,789
|align=center|—
|align=center|56,956
|align=center|52,312
|align=center|97
|align=center|1,198
|align=center|481
|align=center|3,446
|align=center|—
|align=center|35,720
|align=center|376,100
|align=center|13.41%
|align=center|2.10%
|-
!align=center|13 April 2020
|align=center|4,093
|align=center|—
|align=center|61,049
|align=center|55,796
|align=center|98
|align=center|1,296
|align=center|511
|align=center|3,957
|align=center|—
|align=center|34,456
|align=center|410,556
|align=center|11.88%
|align=center|2.12%
|-
!align=center|14 April 2020
|align=center|4,062
|align=center|—
|align=center|65,111
|align=center|58,909
|align=center|107
|align=center|1,403
|align=center|842
|align=center|4,799
|align=center|—
|align=center|33,070
|align=center|443,626
|align=center|12.28%
|align=center|2.15%
|-
!align=center|15 April 2020
|align=center|4,281
|align=center|—
|align=center|69,392
|align=center|62,200
|align=center|115
|align=center|1,518
|align=center|875
|align=center|5,674
|align=center|—
|align=center|34,090
|align=center|477,716
|align=center|12.56%
|align=center|2.19%
|-
!align=center|16 April 2020
|align=center|4,801
|align=center|—
|align=center|74,193
|align=center|65,461
|align=center|125
|align=center|1,643
|align=center|1,415
|align=center|7,089
|align=center|—
|align=center|40,427
|align=center|518,143
|align=center|11.88%
|align=center|2.21%
|-
!align=center|17 April 2020
|align=center|4,353
|align=center|—
|align=center|78,546
|align=center|68,146
|align=center|126
|align=center|1,769
|align=center|1,542
|align=center|8,631
|align=center|—
|align=center|40,270
|align=center|558,413
|align=center|10.81%
|align=center|2.25%
|-
!align=center|18 April 2020
|align=center|3,783
|align=center|—
|align=center|82,329
|align=center|69,986
|align=center|121
|align=center|1,890
|align=center|1,822
|align=center|10,453
|align=center|—
|align=center|40,520
|align=center|598,933
|align=center|9.34%
|align=center|2.30%
|-
!align=center|19 April 2020
|align=center|3,977
|align=center|—
|align=center|86,306
|align=center|72,313
|align=center|127
|align=center|2,017
|align=center|1,523
|align=center|11,976
|align=center|—
|align=center|35,344
|align=center|634,277
|align=center|11.25%
|align=center|2.34%
|-
!align=center|20 April 2020
|align=center|4,674
|align=center|—
|align=center|90,980
|align=center|75,410
|align=center|123
|align=center|2,140
|align=center|1,454
|align=center|13,430
|align=center|—
|align=center|39,703
|align=center|673,980
|align=center|11.77%
|align=center|2.35%
|-
!align=center|21 April 2020
|align=center|4,611
|align=center|—
|align=center|95,591
|align=center|78,414
|align=center|119
|align=center|2,259
|align=center|1,488
|align=center|14,918
|align=center|—
|align=center|39,429
|align=center|713,409
|align=center|11.69%
|align=center|2.36%
|-
!align=center|22 April 2020
|align=center|3,083
|align=center|—
|align=center|98,674
|align=center|79,821
|align=center|117
|align=center|2,376
|align=center|1,559
|align=center|16,477
|align=center|—
|align=center|37,535
|align=center|750,944
|align=center|8.21%
|align=center|2.41%
|-
!align=center|23 April 2020
|align=center|3,116
|align=center|—
|align=center|101,790
|align=center|80,808
|align=center|115
|align=center|2,491
|align=center|2,014
|align=center|18,491
|align=center|—
|align=center|40,962
|align=center|791,906
|align=center|7.61%
|align=center|2.45%
|-
!align=center|24 April 2020
|align=center|3,122
|align=center|—
|align=center|104,912
|align=center|80,575
|align=center|109
|align=center|2,600
|align=center|3,246
|align=center|21,737
|align=center|—
|align=center|38,351
|align=center|830,257
|align=center|8.14%
|align=center|2.48%
|-
!align=center|25 April 2020
|align=center|2,861
|align=center|—
|align=center|107,773
|align=center|79,485
|align=center|106
|align=center|2,706
|align=center|3,845
|align=center|25,582
|align=center|—
|align=center|38,308
|align=center|868,565
|align=center|7.47%
|align=center|2.51%
|-
!align=center|26 April 2020
|align=center|2,357
|align=center|—
|align=center|110,130
|align=center|78,185
|align=center|99
|align=center|2,805
|align=center|3,558
|align=center|29,140
|align=center|—
|align=center|30,177
|align=center|898,742
|align=center|7.81%
|align=center|2.55%
|-
!align=center|27 April 2020
|align=center|2,131
|align=center|—
|align=center|112,261
|align=center|75,570
|align=center|95
|align=center|2,900
|align=center|4,651
|align=center|33,791
|align=center|—
|align=center|20,143
|align=center|918,885
|align=center|10.58%
|align=center|2.58%
|-
!align=center|28 April 2020
|align=center|2,392
|align=center|—
|align=center|114,653
|align=center|72,852
|align=center|92
|align=center|2,992
|align=center|5,018
|align=center|38,809
|align=center|—
|align=center|29,230
|align=center|948,115
|align=center|8.18%
|align=center|2.61%
|-
!align=center|29 April 2020
|align=center|2,936
|align=center|—
|align=center|117,589
|align=center|70,468
|align=center|89
|align=center|3,081
|align=center|5,231
|align=center|44,040
|align=center|—
|align=center|43,498
|align=center|991,613
|align=center|6.75%
|align=center|2.62%
|-
!align=center|30 April 2020
|align=center|2,615
|align=center|—
|align=center|120,204
|align=center|68,144
|align=center|93
|align=center|3,174
|align=center|4,846
|align=center|48,886
|align=center|—
|align=center|42,004
|align=center|1,033,617
|align=center|6.23%
|align=center|2.64%
|-
!align=center|1 May 2020
|align=center|2,188
|align=center|—
|align=center|122,392
|align=center|65,326
|align=center|84
|align=center|3,258
|align=center|4,922
|align=center|53,808
|align=center|—
|align=center|41,431
|align=center|1,075,048
|align=center|5.28%
|align=center|2.66%
|-
!align=center|2 May 2020
|align=center|1,983
|align=center|—
|align=center|124,375
|align=center|62,780
|align=center|78
|align=center|3,336
|align=center|4,451
|align=center|58,259
|align=center|—
|align=center|36,318
|align=center|1,111,366
|align=center|5.46%
|align=center|2.68%
|-
!align=center|3 May 2020
|align=center|1,670
|align=center|—
|align=center|126,045
|align=center|59,497
|align=center|61
|align=center|3,397
|align=center|4,892
|align=center|63,151
|align=center|—
|align=center|24,001
|align=center|1,135,367
|align=center|6.96%
|align=center|2.70%
|-
!align=center|4 May 2020
|align=center|1,614
|align=center|—
|align=center|127,659
|align=center|56,032
|align=center|64
|align=center|3,461
|align=center|5,015
|align=center|68,166
|align=center|—
|align=center|35,771
|align=center|1,171,138
|align=center|4.51%
|align=center|2.71%
|-
!align=center|5 May 2020
|align=center|1,832
|align=center|—
|align=center|129,491
|align=center|52,686
|align=center|59
|align=center|3,520
|align=center|5,119
|align=center|73,285
|align=center|—
|align=center|33,283
|align=center|1,204,421
|align=center|5.50%
|align=center|2.72%
|-
!align=center|6 May 2020
|align=center|2,253
|align=center|—
|align=center|131,744
|align=center|49,958
|align=center|64
|align=center|3,584
|align=center|4,917
|align=center|78,202
|align=center|—
|align=center|30,303
|align=center|1,234,724
|align=center|7.43%
|align=center|2.72%
|-
!align=center|7 May 2020
|align=center|1,977
|align=center|—
|align=center|133,721
|align=center|47,096
|align=center|57
|align=center|3,641
|align=center|4,782
|align=center|82,984
|align=center|—
|align=center|30,395
|align=center|1,265,119
|align=center|6.50%
|align=center|2.72%
|-
!align=center|8 May 2020
|align=center|1,848
|align=center|—
|align=center|135,569
|align=center|45,483
|align=center|48
|align=center|3,689
|align=center|3,412
|align=center|86,396
|align=center|—
|align=center|33,687
|align=center|1,298,806
|align=center|5.49%
|align=center|2.72%
|-
!align=center|9 May 2020
|align=center|1,546
|align=center|—
|align=center|137,115
|align=center|43,896
|align=center|50
|align=center|3,739
|align=center|3,084
|align=center|89,480
|align=center|—
|align=center|35,605
|align=center|1,334,411
|align=center|4.34%
|align=center|2.73%
|-
!align=center|10 May 2020
|align=center|1,542
|align=center|—
|align=center|138,657
|align=center|42,180
|align=center|47
|align=center|3,786
|align=center|3,211
|align=center|92,691
|align=center|—
|align=center|36,187
|align=center|1,370,598
|align=center|4.26%
|align=center|2.73%
|-
!align=center|11 May 2020
|align=center|1,114
|align=center|—
|align=center|139,771
|align=center|40,150
|align=center|55
|align=center|3,841
|align=center|3,089
|align=center|95,780
|align=center|—
|align=center|32,722
|align=center|1,403,311
|align=center|3.40%
|align=center|2.75%
|-
!align=center|12 May 2020
|align=center|1,704
|align=center|—
|align=center|141,475
|align=center|38,692
|align=center|53
|align=center|3,894
|align=center|3,109
|align=center|98,889
|align=center|—
|align=center|37,351
|align=center|1,440,671
|align=center|4.56%
|align=center|2.75%
|-
!align=center|13 May 2020
|align=center|1,639
|align=center|—
|align=center|143,114
|align=center|37,447
|align=center|58
|align=center|3,952
|align=center|2,826
|align=center|101,715
|align=center|—
|align=center|33,332
|align=center|1,474,003
|align=center|4.92%
|align=center|2.76%
|-
!align=center|14 May 2020
|align=center|1,635
|align=center|—
|align=center|144,749
|align=center|36,712
|align=center|55
|align=center|4,007
|align=center|2,315
|align=center|104,030
|align=center|—
|align=center|34,821
|align=center|1,508,824
|align=center|4.70%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|15 May 2020
|align=center|1,708
|align=center|—
|align=center|146,457
|align=center|36,269
|align=center|48
|align=center|4,055
|align=center|2,103
|align=center|106,133
|align=center|—
|align=center|38,565
|align=center|1,547,389
|align=center|4.43%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|16 May 2020
|align=center|1,610
|align=center|—
|align=center|148,067
|align=center|35,834
|align=center|41
|align=center|4,096
|align=center|2,004
|align=center|108,137
|align=center|—
|align=center|42,236
|align=center|1,589,625
|align=center|3.81%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|17 May 2020
|align=center|1,368
|align=center|—
|align=center|149,435
|align=center|35,333
|align=center|44
|align=center|4,140
|align=center|1,825
|align=center|109,962
|align=center|—
|align=center|35,369
|align=center|1,624,994
|align=center|3.87%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|18 May 2020
|align=center|1,158
|align=center|—
|align=center|150,593
|align=center|34,845
|align=center|31
|align=center|4,171
|align=center|1,615
|align=center|111,577
|align=center|—
|align=center|25,141
|align=center|1,650,135
|align=center|4.61%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|19 May 2020
|align=center|1,022
|align=center|—
|align=center|151,615
|align=center|34,521
|align=center|28
|align=center|4,199
|align=center|1,318
|align=center|112,895
|align=center|—
|align=center|25,382
|align=center|1,675,517
|align=center|4.03%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|20 May 2020
|align=center|972
|align=center|—
|align=center|152,587
|align=center|34,378
|align=center|23
|align=center|4,222
|align=center|1,092
|align=center|113,987
|align=center|—
|align=center|20,838
|align=center|1,696,355
|align=center|4.66%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|21 May 2020
|align=center|961
|align=center|—
|align=center|153,548
|align=center|34,309
|align=center|27
|align=center|4,249
|align=center|1,003
|align=center|114,990
|align=center|—
|align=center|33,633
|align=center|1,729,988
|align=center|2.86%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|22 May 2020
|align=center|952
|align=center|—
|align=center|154,500
|align=center|34,113
|align=center|27
|align=center|4,276
|align=center|1,121
|align=center|116,111
|align=center|800
|align=center|37,507
|align=center|1,767,495
|align=center|2.54%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|23 May 2020
|align=center|1,186
|align=center|—
|align=center|155,686
|align=center|33,776
|align=center|32
|align=center|4,308
|align=center|1,491
|align=center|117,602
|align=center|775
|align=center|40,178
|align=center|1,787,673
|align=center|2.95%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|24 May 2020
|align=center|1,141
|align=center|—
|align=center|156,827
|align=center|33,793
|align=center|32
|align=center|4,340
|align=center|1,092
|align=center|118,694
|align=center|769
|align=center|24,589
|align=center|1,832,262
|align=center|4.64%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|25 May 2020
|align=center|987
|align=center|—
|align=center|157,814
|align=center|33,430
|align=center|29
|align=center|4,369
|align=center|1,321
|align=center|120,015
|align=center|756
|align=center|21,492
|align=center|1,853,754
|align=center|4.59%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|26 May 2020
|align=center|948
|align=center|—
|align=center|158,762
|align=center|32,858
|align=center|28
|align=center|4,397
|align=center|1,492
|align=center|121,507
|align=center|739
|align=center|19,853
|align=center|1,873,607
|align=center|4.78%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|27 May 2020
|align=center|1,035
|align=center|—
|align=center|159,797
|align=center|32,573
|align=center|34
|align=center|4,431
|align=center|1,286
|align=center|122,793
|align=center|723
|align=center|21,043
|align=center|1,894,650
|align=center|4.92%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|28 May 2020
|align=center|1,182
|align=center|—
|align=center|160,979
|align=center|32,149
|align=center|30
|align=center|4,461
|align=center|1,576
|align=center|124,369
|align=center|683
|align=center|33,559
|align=center|1,928,209
|align=center|3.52%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|29 May 2020
|align=center|1,141
|align=center|—
|align=center|162,120
|align=center|31,668
|align=center|28
|align=center|4,489
|align=center|1,594
|align=center|125,963
|align=center|662
|align=center|36,155
|align=center|1,964,364
|align=center|3.16%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|30 May 2020
|align=center|983
|align=center|—
|align=center|163,103
|align=center|31,604
|align=center|26
|align=center|4,515
|align=center|1,021
|align=center|126,984
|align=center|649
|align=center|39,230
|align=center|2,003,594
|align=center|2.51%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|31 May 2020
|align=center|839
|align=center|—
|align=center|163,942
|align=center|31,429
|align=center|25
|align=center|4,540
|align=center|989
|align=center|127,973
|align=center|648
|align=center|35,600
|align=center|2,039,194
|align=center|2.36%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|1 June 2020
|align=center|827
|align=center|—
|align=center|164,769
|align=center|31,259
|align=center|23
|align=center|4,563
|align=center|974
|align=center|128,947
|align=center|651
|align=center|31,525
|align=center|2,070,719
|align=center|2.62%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|2 June 2020
|align=center|786
|align=center|—
|align=center|165,555
|align=center|31,049
|align=center|22
|align=center|4,585
|align=center|974
|align=center|129,921
|align=center|633
|align=center|32,325
|align=center|2,103,044
|align=center|2.43%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|3 June 2020
|align=center|867
|align=center|—
|align=center|166,422
|align=center|30,961
|align=center|24
|align=center|4,609
|align=center|931
|align=center|130,852
|align=center|612
|align=center|52,305
|align=center|2,155,349
|align=center|1.66%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|4 June 2020
|align=center|988
|align=center|—
|align=center|167,410
|align=center|31,002
|align=center|21
|align=center|4,630
|align=center|926
|align=center|131,778
|align=center|602
|align=center|54,234
|align=center|2,209,583
|align=center|1.82%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|5 June 2020
|align=center|930
|align=center|—
|align=center|168,340
|align=center|30,292
|align=center|18
|align=center|4,648
|align=center|1,622
|align=center|133,400
|align=center|592
|align=center|57,829
|align=center|2,267,412
|align=center|1.61%
|align=center|2.76%
|-
!align=center|6 June 2020
|align=center|878
|align=center|—
|align=center|169,218
|align=center|29,227
|align=center|21
|align=center|4,669
|align=center|1,922
|align=center|135,322
|align=center|591
|align=center|35,846
|align=center|2,303,258
|align=center|2.45%
|align=center|2.76%
|-
!align=center|7 June 2020
|align=center|914
|align=center|—
|align=center|170,132
|align=center|27,471
|align=center|23
|align=center|4,692
|align=center|2,647
|align=center|137,969
|align=center|613
|align=center|35,335
|align=center|2,338,593
|align=center|2.59%
|align=center|2.76%
|-
!align=center|8 June 2020
|align=center|989
|align=center|—
|align=center|171,121
|align=center|25,030
|align=center|19
|align=center|4,711
|align=center|3,411
|align=center|141,380
|align=center|625
|align=center|39,361
|align=center|2,377,954
|align=center|2.51%
|align=center|2.75%
|-
!align=center|9 June 2020
|align=center|993
|align=center|—
|align=center|172,114
|align=center|22,787
|align=center|18
|align=center|4,729
|align=center|3,218
|align=center|144,598
|align=center|642
|align=center|37,225
|align=center|2,415,179
|align=center|2.67%
|align=center|2.75%
|-
!align=center|10 June 2020
|align=center|922
|align=center|—
|align=center|173,036
|align=center|21,450
|align=center|17
|align=center|4,747
|align=center|2,241
|align=center|146,839
|align=center|631
|align=center|36,521
|align=center|2,451,700
|align=center|2.52%
|align=center|2.74%
|-
!align=center|11 June 2020
|align=center|987
|align=center|—
|align=center|174,023
|align=center|21,400
|align=center|17
|align=center|4,763
|align=center|1,021
|align=center|147,860
|align=center|643
|align=center|49,190
|align=center|2,500,890
|align=center|2.01%
|align=center|2.74%
|-
!align=center|12 June 2020
|align=center|1,195
|align=center|—
|align=center|175,218
|align=center|21,338
|align=center|15
|align=center|4,778
|align=center|1,242
|align=center|149,102
|align=center|664
|align=center|41,013
|align=center|2,541,903
|align=center|2.91%
|align=center|2.73%
|-
!align=center|13 June 2020
|align=center|1,459
|align=center|—
|align=center|176,677
|align=center|21,798
|align=center|14
|align=center|4,792
|align=center|985
|align=center|150,087
|align=center|684
|align=center|45,092
|align=center|2,586,995
|align=center|3.24%
|align=center|2.71%
|-
!align=center|14 June 2020
|align=center|1,562
|align=center|—
|align=center|178,239
|align=center|22,015
|align=center|15
|align=center|4,807
|align=center|1,330
|align=center|151,417
|align=center|717
|align=center|45,176
|align=center|2,632,171
|align=center|3.46%
|align=center|2.70%
|-
!align=center|15 June 2020
|align=center|1,592
|align=center|—
|align=center|179,831
|align=center|22,642
|align=center|18
|align=center|4,825
|align=center|947
|align=center|152,364
|align=center|722
|align=center|42,032
|align=center|2,674,203
|align=center|3.79%
|align=center|2.68%
|-
!align=center|16 June 2020
|align=center|1,467
|align=center|—
|align=center|181,298
|align=center|23,077
|align=center|17
|align=center|4,842
|align=center|1,015
|align=center|153,379
|align=center|732
|align=center|46,800
|align=center|2,721,003
|align=center|3.13%
|align=center|2.67%
|-
!align=center|17 June 2020
|align=center|1,429
|align=center|—
|align=center|182,727
|align=center|23,226
|align=center|19
|align=center|4,861
|align=center|1,261
|align=center|154,640
|align=center|745
|align=center|52,901
|align=center|2,773,904
|align=center|2.70%
|align=center|2.66%
|-
!align=center|18 June 2020
|align=center|1,304
|align=center|—
|align=center|184,031
|align=center|23,127
|align=center|21
|align=center|4,882
|align=center|1,382
|align=center|156,022
|align=center|755
|align=center|48,412
|align=center|2,822,316
|align=center|2.69%
|align=center|2.65%
|-
!align=center|19 June 2020
|align=center|1,214
|align=center|—
|align=center|185,245
|align=center|22,824
|align=center|23
|align=center|4,905
|align=center|1,494
|align=center|157,516
|align=center|769
|align=center|41,316
|align=center|2,863,632
|align=center|2.94%
|align=center|2.65%
|-
!align=center|20 June 2020
|align=center|1,248
|align=center|—
|align=center|186,493
|align=center|22,738
|align=center|22
|align=center|4,927
|align=center|1,312
|align=center|158,828
|align=center|781
|align=center|41,112
|align=center|2,904,744
|align=center|3.04%
|align=center|2.64%
|-
!align=center|21 June 2020
|align=center|1,192
|align=center|—
|align=center|187,685
|align=center|22,495
|align=center|23
|align=center|4,950
|align=center|1,412
|align=center|160,240
|align=center|803
|align=center|40,496
|align=center|2,945,240
|align=center|2.94%
|align=center|2.64%
|-
!align=center|22 June 2020
|align=center|1,212
|align=center|—
|align=center|188,897
|align=center|22,390
|align=center|24
|align=center|4,974
|align=center|1,293
|align=center|161,533
|align=center|846
|align=center|41,413
|align=center|2,986,653
|align=center|2.93%
|align=center|2.63%
|-
!align=center|23 June 2020
|align=center|1,268
|align=center|—
|align=center|190,165
|align=center|22,316
|align=center|27
|align=center|5,001
|align=center|1,315
|align=center|162,848
|align=center|893
|align=center|42,982
|align=center|3,029,635
|align=center|2.95%
|align=center|2.63%
|-
!align=center|24 June 2020
|align=center|1,492
|align=center|—
|align=center|191,657
|align=center|22,398
|align=center|24
|align=center|5,025
|align=center|1,386
|align=center|164,234
|align=center|914
|align=center|53,486
|align=center|3,083,121
|align=center|2.79%
|align=center|2.62%
|-
!align=center|25 June 2020
|align=center|1,458
|align=center|—
|align=center|193,115
|align=center|22,363
|align=center|21
|align=center|5,046
|align=center|1,472
|align=center|165,706
|align=center|941
|align=center|52,303
|align=center|3,135,424
|align=center|2.79%
|align=center|2.61%
|-
!align=center|26 June 2020
|align=center|1,396
|align=center|—
|align=center|194,511
|align=center|22,248
|align=center|19
|align=center|5,065
|align=center|1,492
|align=center|167,198
|align=center|963
|align=center|51,198
|align=center|3,186,622
|align=center|2.73%
|align=center|2.60%
|-
!align=center|27 June 2020
|align=center|1,372
|align=center|—
|align=center|195,883
|align=center|21,619
|align=center|17
|align=center|5,082
|align=center|1,984
|align=center|169,182
|align=center|984
|align=center|45,213
|align=center|3,231,835
|align=center|3.03%
|align=center|2.59%
|-
!align=center|28 June 2020
|align=center|1,356
|align=center|—
|align=center|197,239
|align=center|21,547
|align=center|15
|align=center|5,097
|align=center|1,413
|align=center|170,595
|align=center|996
|align=center|48,309
|align=center|3,280,144
|align=center|2.81%
|align=center|2.58%
|-
!align=center|29 June 2020
|align=center|1,374
|align=center|—
|align=center|198,613
|align=center|21,689
|align=center|18
|align=center|5,115
|align=center|1,214
|align=center|171,809
|align=center|1,018
|align=center|51,014
|align=center|3,331,158
|align=center|2.69%
|align=center|2.58%
|-
!align=center|30 June 2020
|align=center|1,293
|align=center|—
|align=center|199,906
|align=center|21,664
|align=center|16
|align=center|5,131
|align=center|1,302
|align=center|173,111
|align=center|1,026
|align=center|50,492
|align=center|3,381,650
|align=center|2.56%
|align=center|2.57%
|-
!align=center|1 July 2020
|align=center|1,192
|align=center|—
|align=center|201,098
|align=center|20,526
|align=center|19
|align=center|5,150
|align=center|2,311
|align=center|175,422
|align=center|1,035
|align=center|52,313
|align=center|3,433,963
|align=center|2.28%
|align=center|2.56%
|-
!align=center|2 July 2020
|align=center|1,186
|align=center|—
|align=center|202,284
|align=center|20,152
|align=center|17
|align=center|5,167
|align=center|1,543
|align=center|176,965
|align=center|1,067
|align=center|49,714
|align=center|3,483,677
|align=center|2.39%
|align=center|2.55%
|-
!align=center|3 July 2020
|align=center|1,172
|align=center|—
|align=center|203,456
|align=center|19,992
|align=center|19
|align=center|5,186
|align=center|1,313
|align=center|178,278
|align=center|1,082
|align=center|52,141
|align=center|3,535,818
|align=center|2.25%
|align=center|2.55%
|-
!align=center|4 July 2020
|align=center|1,154
|align=center|—
|align=center|204,610
|align=center|19,912
|align=center|20
|align=center|5,206
|align=center|1,214
|align=center|179,492
|align=center|1,093
|align=center|48,248
|align=center|3,584,066
|align=center|2.39%
|align=center|2.54%
|-
!align=center|5 July 2020
|align=center|1,148
|align=center|—
|align=center|205,758
|align=center|19,853
|align=center|19
|align=center|5,225
|align=center|1,188
|align=center|180,680
|align=center|1,127
|align=center|46,414
|align=center|3,630,480
|align=center|2.47%
|align=center|2.54%
|-
!align=center|6 July 2020
|align=center|1,086
|align=center|—
|align=center|206,844
|align=center|18,608
|align=center|16
|align=center|5,241
|align=center|2,315
|align=center|182,995
|align=center|1,130
|align=center|52,193
|align=center|3,682,673
|align=center|2.08%
|align=center|2.53%
|-
!align=center|7 July 2020
|align=center|1,053
|align=center|—
|align=center|207,897
|align=center|17,345
|align=center|19
|align=center|5,260
|align=center|2,297
|align=center|185,292
|align=center|1,152
|align=center|50,545
|align=center|3,733,218
|align=center|2.08%
|align=center|2.53%
|-
!align=center|8 July 2020
|align=center|1,041
|align=center|—
|align=center|208,938
|align=center|16,145
|align=center|22
|align=center|5,282
|align=center|2,219
|align=center|187,511
|align=center|1,172
|align=center|49,302
|align=center|3,782,520
|align=center|2.11%
|align=center|2.53%
|-
!align=center|9 July 2020
|align=center|1,024
|align=center|—
|align=center|209,962
|align=center|14,272
|align=center|18
|align=center|5,300
|align=center|2,879
|align=center|190,390
|align=center|1,179
|align=center|50,103
|align=center|3,862,623
|align=center|2.04%
|align=center|2.52%
|-
!align=center|10 July 2020
|align=center|1,003
|align=center|—
|align=center|210,965
|align=center|13,759
|align=center|23
|align=center|5,323
|align=center|1,493
|align=center|191,883
|align=center|1,182
|align=center|48,787
|align=center|3,881,410
|align=center|2.06%
|align=center|2.52%
|-
!align=center|11 July 2020
|align=center|1,016
|align=center|—
|align=center|211,981
|align=center|13,420
|align=center|21
|align=center|5,344
|align=center|1,334
|align=center|193,217
|align=center|1,194
|align=center|48,813
|align=center|3,930,223
|align=center|2.08%
|align=center|2.52%
|-
!align=center|12 July 2020
|align=center|1,012
|align=center|—
|align=center|212,993
|align=center|13,115
|align=center|19
|align=center|5,363
|align=center|1,298
|align=center|194,515
|align=center|1,209
|align=center|45,232
|align=center|3,975,455
|align=center|2.24%
|align=center|2.52%
|-
!align=center|13 July 2020
|align=center|1,008
|align=center|—
|align=center|214,001
|align=center|12,948
|align=center|19
|align=center|5,382
|align=center|1,156
|align=center|195,671
|align=center|1,223
|align=center|46,492
|align=center|4,021,497
|align=center|2.17%
|align=center|2.51%
|-
!align=center|14 July 2020
|align=center|992
|align=center|—
|align=center|214,993
|align=center|12,871
|align=center|20
|align=center|5,402
|align=center|1,049
|align=center|196,720
|align=center|1,204
|align=center|43,231
|align=center|4,065,178
|align=center|2.29%
|align=center|2.51%
|-
!align=center|15 July 2020
|align=center|947
|align=center|—
|align=center|215,940
|align=center|12,788
|align=center|17
|align=center|5,419
|align=center|1,013
|align=center|197,733
|align=center|1,206
|align=center|42,320
|align=center|4,107,498
|align=center|2.24%
|align=center|2.51%
|-
!align=center|16 July 2020
|align=center|933
|align=center|—
|align=center|216,873
|align=center|12,613
|align=center|21
|align=center|5,440
|align=center|1,087
|align=center|198,820
|align=center|1,213
|align=center|42,411
|align=center|4,149,909
|align=center|2.20%
|align=center|2.51%
|-
!align=center|17 July 2020
|align=center|926
|align=center|—
|align=center|217,799
|align=center|12,507
|align=center|18
|align=center|5,458
|align=center|1,014
|align=center|199,834
|align=center|1,226
|align=center|41,215
|align=center|4,191,124
|align=center|2.25%
|align=center|2.51%
|-
!align=center|18 July 2020
|align=center|918
|align=center|—
|align=center|218,717
|align=center|12,229
|align=center|17
|align=center|5,475
|align=center|1,179
|align=center|201,013
|align=center|1,231
|align=center|40,943
|align=center|4,232,067
|align=center|2.24%
|align=center|2.50%
|-
!align=center|19 July 2020
|align=center|924
|align=center|—
|align=center|219,641
|align=center|12,140
|align=center|16
|align=center|5,491
|align=center|997
|align=center|202,010
|align=center|1,246
|align=center|41,310
|align=center|4,273,377
|align=center|2.24%
|align=center|2.50%
|-
!align=center|20 July 2020
|align=center|931
|align=center|—
|align=center|220,572
|align=center|12,062
|align=center|17
|align=center|5,508
|align=center|992
|align=center|203,002
|align=center|1,243
|align=center|43,404
|align=center|4,316,781
|align=center|2.14%
|align=center|2.50%
|-
!align=center|21 July 2020
|align=center|928
|align=center|—
|align=center|221,500
|align=center|11,963
|align=center|18
|align=center|5,526
|align=center|1009
|align=center|204,011
|align=center|1,246
|align=center|42,846
|align=center|4,359,657
|align=center|2.17%
|align=center|2.49%
|-
!align=center|22 July 2020
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|222,402
|align=center|11,643
|align=center|19
|align=center|5,545
|align=center|1,203
|align=center|205,214
|align=center|—
|align=center|43,404
|align=center|4,403,031
|align=center|2.08%
|align=center|2.49%
|-
!align=center|23 July 2020
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|223,315
|align=center|11,387
|align=center|18
|align=center|5,563
|align=center|1,151
|align=center|206,365
|align=center|—
|align=center|43,343
|align=center|4,446,374
|align=center|2.11%
|align=center|2.49%
|-
!align=center|24 July 2020
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|224,252
|align=center|11,298
|align=center|17
|align=center|5,580
|align=center|1,009
|align=center|207,374
|align=center|—
|align=center|42,986
|align=center|4,489,360
|align=center|2.18%
|align=center|2.49%
|-
!align=center|25 July 2020
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|225,173
|align=center|11,100
|align=center|16
|align=center|5,596
|align=center|1,103
|align=center|208,477
|align=center|—
|align=center|43,312
|align=center|4,532,672
|align=center|2.13%
|align=center|2.49%
|-
!align=center|26 July 2020
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|226,100
|align=center|11,000
|align=center|17
|align=center|5,613
|align=center|1,010
|align=center|209,487
|align=center|—
|align=center|40,016
|align=center|4,572,688
|align=center|2.32%
|align=center|2.48%
|-
!align=center|27 July 2020
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|227,019
|align=center|10,920
|align=center|17
|align=center|5,630
|align=center|982
|align=center|210,469
|align=center|—
|align=center|45,283
|align=center|4,617,971
|align=center|2.03%
|align=center|2.48%
|-
!align=center|28 July 2020
|align=center|—
|align=center|—
|align=center|227,982
|align=center|10,776
|align=center|15
|align=center|5,645
|align=center|1,092
|align=center|211,561
|align=center|—
|align=center|47,412
|align=center|4,665,383
|align=center|2.03%
|align=center|2.48%
|-
!align=center|29 July 2020
|align=center|542
|align=center|—
|align=center|228,924
|align=center|10,708
|align=center|14
|align=center|5,659
|align=center|996
|align=center|212,557
|align=center|542
|align=center|45,712
|align=center|4,711,095
|align=center|2.06%
|align=center|2.47%
|-
!align=center|30 July 2020
|align=center|561
|align=center|—
|align=center|229,891
|align=center|10,678
|align=center|15
|align=center|5,674
|align=center|982
|align=center|213,539
|align=center|561
|align=center|43,236
|align=center|4,754,331
|align=center|2.24%
|align=center|2.47%
|-
!align=center|31 July 2020
|align=center|582
|align=center|—
|align=center|230,873
|align=center|10,647
|align=center|17
|align=center|5,691
|align=center|996
|align=center|214,535
|align=center|582
|align=center|46,492
|align=center|4,800,823
|align=center|2.11%
|align=center|2.46%
|-
!align=center|1 August 2020
|align=center|586
|align=center|—
|align=center|231,869
|align=center|10,643
|align=center|19
|align=center|5,710
|align=center|981
|align=center|215,516
|align=center|586
|align=center|44,846
|align=center|4,845,669
|align=center|2.22%
|align=center|2.46%
|-
!align=center|2 August 2020
|align=center|582
|align=center|—
|align=center|232,856
|align=center|10,634
|align=center|18
|align=center|5,728
|align=center|978
|align=center|216,494
|align=center|582
|align=center|40,247
|align=center|4,885,916
|align=center|2.45%
|align=center|2.46%
|-
!align=center|3 August 2020
|align=center|580
|align=center|—
|align=center|233,851
|align=center|10,607
|align=center|19
|align=center|5,747
|align=center|1,003
|align=center|217,497
|align=center|580
|align=center|41,301
|align=center|4,927,217
|align=center|2.41%
|align=center|2.46%
|-
!align=center|4 August 2020
|align=center|583
|align=center|—
|align=center|234,934
|align=center|10,678
|align=center|18
|align=center|5,765
|align=center|994
|align=center|218,491
|align=center|583
|align=center|46,249
|align=center|4,973,466
|align=center|2.34%
|align=center|2.45%
|-
!align=center|5 August 2020
|align=center|582
|align=center|—
|align=center|236,112
|align=center|10,822
|align=center|19
|align=center|5,784
|align=center|1,015
|align=center|219,506
|align=center|582
|align=center|53,842
|align=center|5,027,308
|align=center|2.19%
|align=center|2.45%
|-
!align=center|6 August 2020
|align=center|580
|align=center|—
|align=center|237,265
|align=center|10,921
|align=center|14
|align=center|5,798
|align=center|1,040
|align=center|220,546
|align=center|580
|align=center|54,494
|align=center|5,081,802
|align=center|2.12%
|align=center|2.44%
|-
!align=center|7 August 2020
|align=center|586
|align=center|—
|align=center|238,450
|align=center|11,063
|align=center|15
|align=center|5,813
|align=center|1,028
|align=center|221,574
|align=center|586
|align=center|56,726
|align=center|5,138,528
|align=center|2.09%
|align=center|2.44%
|-
!align=center|8 August 2020
|align=center|587
|align=center|—
|align=center|239,622
|align=center|11,137
|align=center|16
|align=center|5,829
|align=center|1,082
|align=center|222,656
|align=center|587
|align=center|63,842
|align=center|5,202,370
|align=center|1.84%
|align=center|2.43%
|-
!align=center|9 August 2020
|align=center|596
|align=center|—
|align=center|240,804
|align=center|11,201
|align=center|15
|align=center|5,844
|align=center|1,103
|align=center|223,759
|align=center|596
|align=center|61,446
|align=center|5,263,816
|align=center|1.92%
|align=center|2.43%
|-
!align=center|10 August 2020
|align=center|603
|align=center|—
|align=center|241,997
|align=center|11,169
|align=center|14
|align=center|5,858
|align=center|1,211
|align=center|224,970
|align=center|603
|align=center|62,219
|align=center|5,326,035
|align=center|1.92%
|align=center|2.42%
|-
!align=center|11 August 2020
|align=center|617
|align=center|—
|align=center|243,180
|align=center|11,152
|align=center|15
|align=center|5,873
|align=center|1,185
|align=center|226,155
|align=center|617
|align=center|61,716
|align=center|5,387,751
|align=center|1.92%
|align=center|2.42%
|-
!align=center|12 August 2020
|align=center|632
|align=center|—
|align=center|244,392
|align=center|11,412
|align=center|18
|align=center|5,891
|align=center|934
|align=center|227,089
|align=center|632
|align=center|67,237
|align=center|5,454,988
|align=center|1.80%
|align=center|2.41%
|-
!align=center|13 August 2020
|align=center|647
|align=center|—
|align=center|245,635
|align=center|11,666
|align=center|21
|align=center|5,912
|align=center|968
|align=center|228,057
|align=center|647
|align=center|66,892
|align=center|5,521,880
|align=center|1.86%
|align=center|2.41%
|-
!align=center|14 August 2020
|align=center|656
|align=center|—
|align=center|246,861
|align=center|11,947
|align=center|22
|align=center|5,934
|align=center|923
|align=center|228,980
|align=center|656
|align=center|70,192
|align=center|5,592,072
|align=center|1.75%
|align=center|2.40%
|-
!align=center|15 August 2020
|align=center|668
|align=center|—
|align=center|248,117
|align=center|12,190
|align=center|21
|align=center|5,955
|align=center|992
|align=center|229,972
|align=center|668
|align=center|67,214
|align=center|5,659,286
|align=center|1.87%
|align=center|2.40%
|-
!align=center|16 August 2020
|align=center|679
|align=center|—
|align=center|249,309
|align=center|12,366
|align=center|19
|align=center|5,974
|align=center|997
|align=center|230,969
|align=center|679
|align=center|65,956
|align=center|5,725,242
|align=center|1.81%
|align=center|2.40%
|-
!align=center|17 August 2020
|align=center|686
|align=center|—
|align=center|250,542
|align=center|12,575
|align=center|22
|align=center|5,996
|align=center|1,002
|align=center|231,971
|align=center|686
|align=center|74,846
|align=center|5,800,088
|align=center|1.65%
|align=center|2.39%
|-
!align=center|18 August 2020
|align=center|703
|align=center|—
|align=center|251,805
|align=center|12,876
|align=center|20
|align=center|6,016
|align=center|942
|align=center|232,913
|align=center|703
|align=center|82,318
|align=center|5,882,406
|align=center|1.53%
|align=center|2.39%
|-
!align=center|19 August 2020
|align=center|719
|align=center|—
|align=center|253,108
|align=center|13,154
|align=center|23
|align=center|6,039
|align=center|1,002
|align=center|233,915
|align=center|719
|align=center|87,223
|align=center|5,969,629
|align=center|1.49%
|align=center|2.39%
|-
!align=center|20 August 2020
|align=center|735
|align=center|—
|align=center|254,520
|align=center|13,665
|align=center|19
|align=center|6,058
|align=center|882
|align=center|234,797
|align=center|735
|align=center|92,301
|align=center|6,061,930
|align=center|1.53%
|align=center|2.38%
|-
!align=center|21 August 2020
|align=center|749
|align=center|—
|align=center|255,723
|align=center|14,074
|align=center|22
|align=center|6,080
|align=center|772
|align=center|235,569
|align=center|749
|align=center|92,227
|align=center|6,154,157
|align=center|1.30%
|align=center|2.38%
|-
!align=center|22 August 2020
|align=center|762
|align=center|—
|align=center|257,032
|align=center|14,560
|align=center|22
|align=center|6,102
|align=center|801
|align=center|236,370
|align=center|762
|align=center|93,007
|align=center|6,247,164
|align=center|1.41%
|align=center|2.37%
|-
!align=center|23 August 2020
|align=center|783
|align=center|—
|align=center|258,249
|align=center|14,963
|align=center|19
|align=center|6,121
|align=center|795
|align=center|237,165
|align=center|783
|align=center|80,302
|align=center|6,327,466
|align=center|1.23%
|align=center|2.37%
|-
!align=center|24 August 2020
|align=center|796
|align=center|—
|align=center|259,692
|align=center|15,645
|align=center|18
|align=center|6,139
|align=center|743
|align=center|237,908
|align=center|796
|align=center|95,943
|align=center|6,423,409
|align=center|1.50%
|align=center|2.36%
|-
!align=center|25 August 2020
|align=center|811
|align=center|—
|align=center|261,194
|align=center|16,236
|align=center|24
|align=center|6,163
|align=center|887
|align=center|238,795
|align=center|811
|align=center|98,231
|align=center|6,521,640
|align=center|1.53%
|align=center|2.36%
|-
!align=center|26 August 2020
|align=center|841
|align=center|—
|align=center|262,507
|align=center|16,527
|align=center|20
|align=center|6,183
|align=center|1,002
|align=center|239,797
|align=center|841
|align=center|100,109
|align=center|6,621,749
|align=center|1.31%
|align=center|2.36%
|-
!align=center|27 August 2020
|align=center|862
|align=center|—
|align=center|263,998
|align=center|16,997
|align=center|26
|align=center|6,209
|align=center|995
|align=center|240,792
|align=center|862
|align=center|106,111
|align=center|6,727,860
|align=center|1.41%
|align=center|2.35%
|-
!align=center|28 August 2020
|align=center|896
|align=center|—
|align=center|265,515
|align=center|17,461
|align=center|36
|align=center|6,245
|align=center|1,017
|align=center|241,809
|align=center|896
|align=center|107,814
|align=center|6,835,674
|align=center|1.41%
|align=center|2.35%
|-
!align=center|29 August 2020
|align=center|917
|align=center|—
|align=center|267,064
|align=center|17,968
|align=center|39
|align=center|6,284
|align=center|1,003
|align=center|242,812
|align=center|917
|align=center|101,414
|align=center|6,937,088
|align=center|1.53%
|align=center|2.35%
|-
!align=center|30 August 2020
|align=center|945
|align=center|—
|align=center|268,546
|align=center|18,381
|align=center|42
|align=center|6,326
|align=center|1,027
|align=center|243,839
|align=center|945
|align=center|91,302
|align=center|7,028,390
|align=center|1.62%
|align=center|2.36%
|-
!align=center|31 August 2020
|align=center|961
|align=center|—
|align=center|270,133
|align=center|18,837
|align=center|44
|align=center|6,370
|align=center|1,087
|align=center|244,926
|align=center|961
|align=center|110,102
|align=center|7,138,492
|align=center|1.44%
|align=center|2.36%
|-
!align=center|1 September 2020
|align=center|991
|align=center|—
|align=center|271,705
|align=center|19,359
|align=center|47
|align=center|6,417
|align=center|1,003
|align=center|245,929
|align=center|991
|align=center|109,443
|align=center|7,247,935
|align=center|1.44%
|align=center|2.36%
|-
!align=center|2 September 2020
|align=center|1,017
|align=center|—
|align=center|273,301
|align=center|19,963
|align=center|45
|align=center|6,462
|align=center|947
|align=center|246,876
|align=center|1,017
|align=center|107,927
|align=center|7,355,862
|align=center|1.48%
|align=center|2.36%
|-
!align=center|3 September 2020
|align=center|1,041
|align=center|—
|align=center|274,943
|align=center|20,345
|align=center|49
|align=center|6,511
|align=center|1,211
|align=center|248,087
|align=center|1,041
|align=center|110,225
|align=center|7,466,087
|align=center|1.49%
|align=center|2.37%
|-
!align=center|4 September 2020
|align=center|1,076
|align=center|—
|align=center|276,555
|align=center|20,883
|align=center|53
|align=center|6,564
|align=center|1,021
|align=center|249,108
|align=center|1,076
|align=center|117,113
|align=center|7,583,200
|align=center|1.38%
|align=center|2.37%
|-
!align=center|5 September 2020
|align=center|1,091
|align=center|—
|align=center|278,228
|align=center|21,516
|align=center|56
|align=center|6,620
|align=center|984
|align=center|250,092
|align=center|1,091
|align=center|99,497
|align=center|7,682,697
|align=center|1.68%
|align=center|2.38%
|-
!align=center|6 September 2020
|align=center|1,102
|align=center|—
|align=center|279,806
|align=center|22,028
|align=center|53
|align=center|6,673
|align=center|1,013
|align=center|251,105
|align=center|1,102
|align=center|96,842
|align=center|7,779,539
|align=center|1.63%
|align=center|2.38%
|-
!align=center|7 September 2020
|align=center|1,118
|align=center|—
|align=center|281,509
|align=center|22,627
|align=center|57
|align=center|6,730
|align=center|1,047
|align=center|252,152
|align=center|1,118
|align=center|103,925
|align=center|7,883,464
|align=center|1.64%
|align=center|2.39%
|-
!align=center|8 September 2020
|align=center|1,159
|align=center|—
|align=center|283,270
|align=center|23,243
|align=center|52
|align=center|6,782
|align=center|1,093
|align=center|253,245
|align=center|1,159
|align=center|110,565
|align=center|7,994,029
|align=center|1.59%
|align=center|2.39%
|-
!align=center|9 September 2020
|align=center|1,181
|align=center|—
|align=center|284,943
|align=center|23,918
|align=center|55
|align=center|6,837
|align=center|943
|align=center|254,188
|align=center|1,181
|align=center|111,193
|align=center|8,105,222
|align=center|1.50%
|align=center|2.40%
|-
!align=center|10 September 2020
|align=center|1,209
|align=center|—
|align=center|286,455
|align=center|24,153
|align=center|58
|align=center|6,895
|align=center|1,219
|align=center|255,407
|align=center|1,209
|align=center|107,702
|align=center|8,212,924
|align=center|1.40%
|align=center|2.41%
|-
!align=center|11 September 2020
|align=center|1,223
|align=center|—
|align=center|288,126
|align=center|24,651
|align=center|56
|align=center|6,951
|align=center|1,117
|align=center|256,524
|align=center|1,223
|align=center|112,213
|align=center|8,325,137
|align=center|1.49%
|align=center|2.41%
|-
!align=center|12 September 2020
|align=center|1,241
|align=center|—
|align=center|289,635
|align=center|24,905
|align=center|48
|align=center|6,999
|align=center|1,207
|align=center|257,731
|align=center|1,241
|align=center|98,326
|align=center|8,423,463
|align=center|1.53%
|align=center|2.42%
|-
!align=center|13 September 2020
|align=center|1,267
|align=center|—
|align=center|291,162
|align=center|25,273
|align=center|57
|align=center|7,056
|align=center|1,102
|align=center|258,833
|align=center|1,267
|align=center|96,097
|align=center|8,519,560
|align=center|1.59%
|align=center|2.42%
|-
!align=center|14 September 2020
|align=center|1,301
|align=center|—
|align=center|292,878
|align=center|25,701
|align=center|63
|align=center|7,119
|align=center|1,225
|align=center|260,058
|align=center|1,301
|align=center|112,563
|align=center|8,632,123
|align=center|1.52%
|align=center|2.43%
|-
!align=center|15 September 2020
|align=center|1,327
|align=center|—
|align=center|294,620
|align=center|26,174
|align=center|67
|align=center|7,186
|align=center|1,202
|align=center|261,260
|align=center|1,327
|align=center|110,412
|align=center|8,742,535
|align=center|1.58%
|align=center|2.44%
|-
!align=center|16 September 2020
|align=center|1,351
|align=center|—
|align=center|296,391
|align=center|26,540
|align=center|63
|align=center|7,249
|align=center|1,342
|align=center|262,602
|align=center|1,351
|align=center|112,645
|align=center|8,855,180
|align=center|1.57%
|align=center|2.45%
|-
!align=center|17 September 2020
|align=center|1,372
|align=center|—
|align=center|298,039
|align=center|26,979
|align=center|66
|align=center|7,315
|align=center|1,143
|align=center|263,745
|align=center|1,372
|align=center|109,985
|align=center|8,965,165
|align=center|1.50%
|align=center|2.45%
|-
!align=center|18 September 2020
|align=center|1,402
|align=center|—
|align=center|299,810
|align=center|27,628
|align=center|62
|align=center|7,377
|align=center|1,060
|align=center|264,805
|align=center|1,402
|align=center|111,113
|align=center|9,076,278
|align=center|1.59%
|align=center|2.46%
|-
!align=center|19 September 2020
|align=center|1,432
|align=center|—
|align=center|301,348
|align=center|27,786
|align=center|68
|align=center|7,445
|align=center|1,312
|align=center|266,117
|align=center|1,432
|align=center|97,416
|align=center|9,173,694
|align=center|1.58%
|align=center|2.47%
|-
!align=center|20 September 2020
|align=center|1,456
|align=center|—
|align=center|302,867
|align=center|28,128
|align=center|61
|align=center|7,506
|align=center|1,116
|align=center|267,233
|align=center|1,456
|align=center|95,321
|align=center|9,269,015
|align=center|1.59%
|align=center|2.48%
|-
!align=center|21 September 2020
|align=center|1,491
|align=center|—
|align=center|304,610
|align=center|28,601
|align=center|68
|align=center|7,574
|align=center|1,202
|align=center|268,435
|align=center|1,491
|align=center|112,942
|align=center|9,381,957
|align=center|1.54%
|align=center|2.49%
|-
!align=center|22 September 2020
|align=center|1,522
|align=center|—
|align=center|306,302
|align=center|28,967
|align=center|65
|align=center|7,639
|align=center|1,261
|align=center|269,696
|align=center|1,522
|align=center|114,311
|align=center|9,496,268
|align=center|1.48%
|align=center|2.49%
|-
!align=center|23 September 2020
|align=center|1,561
|align=center|—
|align=center|308,069
|align=center|29,635
|align=center|72
|align=center|7,711
|align=center|1,027
|align=center|270,723
|align=center|1,561
|align=center|112,102
|align=center|9,608,370
|align=center|1.58%
|align=center|2.50%
|-
!align=center|24 September 2020
|align=center|1,573
|align=center|—
|align=center|309,790
|align=center|30,041
|align=center|74
|align=center|7,785
|align=center|1,241
|align=center|271,964
|align=center|1,573
|align=center|113,317
|align=center|9,721,687
|align=center|1.52%
|align=center|2.51%
|-
!align=center|25 September 2020
|align=center|1,601
|align=center|—
|align=center|311,455
|align=center|30,315
|align=center|73
|align=center|7,858
|align=center|1,318
|align=center|273,282
|align=center|1,601
|align=center|112,885
|align=center|9,834,572
|align=center|1.47%
|align=center|2.52%
|-
!align=center|26 September 2020
|align=center|1,615
|align=center|—
|align=center|312,966
|align=center|30,523
|align=center|71
|align=center|7,929
|align=center|1,232
|align=center|274,514
|align=center|1,615
|align=center|102,009
|align=center|9,936,581
|align=center|1.48%
|align=center|2.53%
|-
!align=center|27 September 2020
|align=center|1,583
|align=center|—
|align=center|314,433
|align=center|30,806
|align=center|68
|align=center|7,997
|align=center|1,116
|align=center|275,630
|align=center|1,583
|align=center|101,119
|align=center|10,037,700
|align=center|1.45%
|align=center|2.54%
|-
!align=center|28 September 2020
|align=center|1,596
|align=center|—
|align=center|315,845
|align=center|30,731
|align=center|65
|align=center|8,062
|align=center|1,422
|align=center|277,052
|align=center|1,596
|align=center|115,523
|align=center|10,153,223
|align=center|1.22%
|align=center|2.55%
|-
!align=center|29 September 2020
|align=center|1,583
|align=center|—
|align=center|317,272
|align=center|30,638
|align=center|68
|align=center|8,130
|align=center|1,452
|align=center|278,504
|align=center|1,583
|align=center|114,940
|align=center|10,268,163
|align=center|1.24%
|align=center|2.56%
|-
!align=center|30 September 2020
|align=center|1,516
|align=center|—
|align=center|318,663
|align=center|30,719
|align=center|65
|align=center|8,195
|align=center|1,245
|align=center|279,749
|align=center|1,516
|align=center|112,098
|align=center|10,380,261
|align=center|1.24%
|align=center|2.57%
|-
!align=center|1 October 2020
|align=center|1,507
|align=center|—
|align=center|320,070
|align=center|30,657
|align=center|67
|align=center|8,262
|align=center|1,402
|align=center|281,151
|align=center|1,507
|align=center|113,546
|align=center|10,493,807
|align=center|1.24%
|align=center|2.58%
|-
!align=center|2 October 2020
|align=center|1,455
|align=center|—
|align=center|321,512
|align=center|30,530
|align=center|63
|align=center|8,325
|align=center|1,506
|align=center|282,657
|align=center|1,455
|align=center|114,857
|align=center|10,608,664
|align=center|1.26%
|align=center|2.59%
|-
!align=center|3 October 2020
|align=center|1,470
|align=center|—
|align=center|323,014
|align=center|30,762
|align=center|59
|align=center|8,384
|align=center|1,211
|align=center|283,868
|align=center|1,470
|align=center|103,219
|align=center|10,711,883
|align=center|1.46%
|align=center|2.60%
|-
!align=center|4 October 2020
|align=center|1,475
|align=center|—
|align=center|324,443
|align=center|30,952
|align=center|57
|align=center|8,441
|align=center|1,182
|align=center|285,050
|align=center|1,475
|align=center|104,402
|align=center|10,816,285
|align=center|1.37%
|align=center|2.60%
|-
!align=center|5 October 2020
|align=center|1,412
|align=center|—
|align=center|326,046
|align=center|31,178
|align=center|57
|align=center|8,498
|align=center|1,320
|align=center|286,370
|align=center|1,412
|align=center|115,632
|align=center|10,931,917
|align=center|1.39%
|align=center|2.61%
|-
!align=center|6 October 2020
|align=center|1,414
|align=center|—
|align=center|327,557
|align=center|31,405
|align=center|55
|align=center|8,553
|align=center|1,229
|align=center|287,599
|align=center|1,414
|align=center|112,421
|align=center|11,044,338
|align=center|1.34%
|align=center|2.61%
|-
!align=center|7 October 2020
|align=center|1,411
|align=center|—
|align=center|329,138
|align=center|31,575
|align=center|56
|align=center|8,609
|align=center|1,355
|align=center|288,954
|align=center|1,411
|align=center|116,608
|align=center|11,160,946
|align=center|1.36%
|align=center|2.62%
|-
!align=center|8 October 2020
|align=center|1,403
|align=center|—
|align=center|330,753
|align=center|31,734
|align=center|58
|align=center|8,667
|align=center|1,398
|align=center|290,352
|align=center|1,403
|align=center|117,101
|align=center|11,278,047
|align=center|1.38%
|align=center|2.62%
|-
!align=center|9 October 2020
|align=center|1,398
|align=center|—
|align=center|332,382
|align=center|31,906
|align=center|55
|align=center|8,722
|align=center|1,402
|align=center|291,754
|align=center|1,398
|align=center|115,295
|align=center|11,393,342
|align=center|1.41%
|align=center|2.62%
|-
!align=center|10 October 2020
|align=center|1,414
|align=center|—
|align=center|334,031
|align=center|32,108
|align=center|56
|align=center|8,778
|align=center|1,391
|align=center|293,145
|align=center|1,414
|align=center|113,102
|align=center|11,506,444
|align=center|1.46%
|align=center|2.63%
|-
!align=center|11 October 2020
|align=center|1,411
|align=center|—
|align=center|335,533
|align=center|32,339
|align=center|59
|align=center|8,837
|align=center|1,212
|align=center|294,357
|align=center|1,411
|align=center|109,301
|align=center|11,615,745
|align=center|1.37%
|align=center|2.63%
|-
!align=center|12 October 2020
|align=center|1,417
|align=center|—
|align=center|337,147
|align=center|32,594
|align=center|58
|align=center|8,895
|align=center|1,301
|align=center|295,658
|align=center|1,417
|align=center|115,605
|align=center|11,731,350
|align=center|1.40%
|align=center|2.64%
|-
!align=center|13 October 2020
|align=center|1,416
|align=center|—
|align=center|338,779
|align=center|32,850
|align=center|62
|align=center|8,957
|align=center|1,314
|align=center|296,972
|align=center|1,416
|align=center|114,992
|align=center|11,846,342
|align=center|1.42%
|align=center|2.64%
|-
!align=center|14 October 2020
|align=center|1,418
|align=center|—
|align=center|340,450
|align=center|33,068
|align=center|57
|align=center|9,014
|align=center|1,396
|align=center|298,368
|align=center|1,418
|align=center|115,328
|align=center|11,961,670
|align=center|1.45%
|align=center|2.65%
|-
!align=center|15 October 2020
|align=center|1,408
|align=center|—
|align=center|342,143
|align=center|33,384
|align=center|66
|align=center|9,080
|align=center|1,311
|align=center|299,679
|align=center|1,408
|align=center|116,103
|align=center|12,077,773
|align=center|1.46%
|align=center|2.65%
|-
!align=center|16 October 2020
|align=center|1,445
|align=center|—
|align=center|343,955
|align=center|33,704
|align=center|73
|align=center|9,153
|align=center|1,419
|align=center|301,098
|align=center|1,445
|align=center|117,005
|align=center|12,194,778
|align=center|1.55%
|align=center|2.66%
|-
!align=center|17 October 2020
|align=center|1,428
|align=center|—
|align=center|345,678
|align=center|33,955
|align=center|71
|align=center|9,224
|align=center|1,401
|align=center|302,499
|align=center|1,428
|align=center|112,131
|align=center|12,306,909
|align=center|1.54%
|align=center|2.67%
|-
!align=center|18 October 2020
|align=center|1,427
|align=center|—
|align=center|347,493
|align=center|34,194
|align=center|72
|align=center|9,296
|align=center|1,504
|align=center|304,003
|align=center|1,427
|align=center|101,403
|align=center|12,408,312
|align=center|1.79%
|align=center|2.68%
|-
!align=center|19 October 2020
|align=center|1,447
|align=center|—
|align=center|349,519
|align=center|34,721
|align=center|75
|align=center|9,371
|align=center|1,424
|align=center|305,427
|align=center|1,447
|align=center|116,249
|align=center|12,524,561
|align=center|1.74%
|align=center|2.68%
|-
!align=center|20 October 2020
|align=center|1,545
|align=center|—
|align=center|351,413
|align=center|35,029
|align=center|74
|align=center|9,445
|align=center|1,512
|align=center|306,939
|align=center|1,545
|align=center|116,565
|align=center|12,641,126
|align=center|1.62%
|align=center|2.69%
|-
!align=center|21 October 2020
|align=center|1,504
|align=center|—
|align=center|353,426
|align=center|35,467
|align=center|68
|align=center|9,513
|align=center|1,507
|align=center|308,446
|align=center|1,504
|align=center|117,943
|align=center|12,759,069
|align=center|1.71%
|align=center|2.69%
|-
!align=center|22 October 2020
|align=center|1,599
|align=center|—
|align=center|355,528
|align=center|35,917
|align=center|71
|align=center|9,584
|align=center|1,581
|align=center|310,027
|align=center|1,599
|align=center|117,198
|align=center|12,876,267
|align=center|1.79%
|align=center|2.70%
|-
!align=center|23 October 2020
|align=center|1,648
|align=center|—
|align=center|357,693
|align=center|36,515
|align=center|74
|align=center|9,658
|align=center|1,493
|align=center|311,520
|align=center|1,648
|align=center|115,979
|align=center|12,992,246
|align=center|1.87%
|align=center|2.70%
|-
!align=center|24 October 2020
|align=center|1,699
|align=center|—
|align=center|359,784
|align=center|36,964
|align=center|69
|align=center|9,727
|align=center|1,573
|align=center|313,093
|align=center|1,699
|align=center|113,427
|align=center|13,105,673
|align=center|1.84%
|align=center|2.70%
|-
!align=center|25 October 2020
|align=center|1,744
|align=center|—
|align=center|361,801
|align=center|37,612
|align=center|72
|align=center|9,799
|align=center|1,297
|align=center|314,390
|align=center|1,744
|align=center|112,215
|align=center|13,217,888
|align=center|1.80%
|align=center|2.71%
|-
!align=center|26 October 2020
|align=center|1,780
|align=center|—
|align=center|363,999
|align=center|38,117
|align=center|75
|align=center|9,874
|align=center|1,618
|align=center|316,008
|align=center|1,780
|align=center|132,913
|align=center|13,350,801
|align=center|1.65%
|align=center|2.71%
|-
!align=center|27 October 2020
|align=center|1,827
|align=center|—
|align=center|366,208
|align=center|38,739
|align=center|76
|align=center|9,950
|align=center|1,511
|align=center|317,519
|align=center|1,827
|align=center|127,651
|align=center|13,478,452
|align=center|1.73%
|align=center|2.72%
|-
!align=center|28 October 2020
|align=center|1,836
|align=center|—
|align=center|368,513
|align=center|39,305
|align=center|77
|align=center|10,027
|align=center|1,662
|align=center|319,181
|align=center|1,836
|align=center|128,312
|align=center|13,606,764
|align=center|1.80%
|align=center|2.72%
|-
!align=center|29 October 2020
|align=center|1,916
|align=center|—
|align=center|370,832
|align=center|39,971
|align=center|72
|align=center|10,099
|align=center|1,581
|align=center|320,762
|align=center|1,916
|align=center|134,416
|align=center|13,741,180
|align=center|1.73%
|align=center|2.72%
|-
!align=center|30 October 2020
|align=center|1,966
|align=center|—
|align=center|373,154
|align=center|40,512
|align=center|78
|align=center|10,177
|align=center|1,703
|align=center|322,465
|align=center|1,966
|align=center|136,525
|align=center|13,877,705
|align=center|1.70%
|align=center|2.73%
|-
!align=center|31 October 2020
|align=center|2,075
|align=center|—
|align=center|375,367
|align=center|41,144
|align=center|75
|align=center|10,252
|align=center|1,506
|align=center|323,971
|align=center|2,075
|align=center|124,109
|align=center|14,001,814
|align=center|1.78%
|align=center|2.73%
|-
!align=center|1 November 2020
|align=center|2,177
|align=center|—
|align=center|377,473
|align=center|41,661
|align=center|74
|align=center|10,326
|align=center|1,515
|align=center|325,486
|align=center|2,177
|align=center|123,343
|align=center|14,125,157
|align=center|1.71%
|align=center|2.74%
|-
!align=center|2 November 2020
|align=center|2,341
|align=center|—
|align=center|379,775
|align=center|42,366
|align=center|76
|align=center|10,402
|align=center|1,521
|align=center|327,007
|align=center|2,341
|align=center|139,103
|align=center|14,264,260
|align=center|1.65%
|align=center|2.74%
|-
!align=center|3 November 2020
|align=center|2,386
|align=center|—
|align=center|382,118
|align=center|42,813
|align=center|79
|align=center|10,481
|align=center|1,817
|align=center|328,824
|align=center|2,386
|align=center|146,247
|align=center|14,410,507
|align=center|1.60%
|align=center|2.74%
|-
!align=center|4 November 2020
|align=center|2,464
|align=center|—
|align=center|384,509
|align=center|43,286
|align=center|77
|align=center|10,558
|align=center|1,841
|align=center|330,665
|align=center|2,464
|align=center|144,416
|align=center|14,554,923
|align=center|1.66%
|align=center|2.75%
|-
!align=center|5 November 2020
|align=center|2,564
|align=center|—
|align=center|386,820
|align=center|43,802
|align=center|81
|align=center|10,639
|align=center|1,714
|align=center|332,379
|align=center|2,564
|align=center|146,028
|align=center|14,700,951
|align=center|1.58%
|align=center|2.75%
|-
!align=center|6 November 2020
|align=center|2,654
|align=center|—
|align=center|389,256
|align=center|44,241
|align=center|83
|align=center|10,722
|align=center|1,914
|align=center|334,293
|align=center|2,654
|align=center|145,241
|align=center|14,846,192
|align=center|1.68%
|align=center|2.75%
|-
!align=center|7 November 2020
|align=center|2,730
|align=center|—
|align=center|391,739
|align=center|44,715
|align=center|81
|align=center|10,803
|align=center|1,928
|align=center|336,221
|align=center|2,730
|align=center|139,675
|align=center|14,985,867
|align=center|1.78%
|align=center|2.76%
|-
!align=center|8 November 2020
|align=center|2,740
|align=center|—
|align=center|394,255
|align=center|45,129
|align=center|84
|align=center|10,887
|align=center|2,018
|align=center|338,239
|align=center|2,740
|align=center|141,944
|align=center|15,127,811
|align=center|1.77%
|align=center|2.76%
|-
!align=center|9 November 2020
|align=center|2,867
|align=center|—
|align=center|396,831
|align=center|45,573
|align=center|85
|align=center|10,972
|align=center|2,047
|align=center|340,286
|align=center|2,867
|align=center|145,411
|align=center|15,273,222
|align=center|1.77%
|align=center|2.76%
|-
!align=center|10 November 2020
|align=center|3,001
|align=center|—
|align=center|399,360
|align=center|45,800
|align=center|87
|align=center|11,059
|align=center|2,215
|align=center|342,501
|align=center|3,001
|align=center|146,198
|align=center|15,419,420
|align=center|1.73%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|11 November 2020
|align=center|3,095
|align=center|—
|align=center|402,053
|align=center|46,295
|align=center|86
|align=center|11,145
|align=center|2,112
|align=center|344,613
|align=center|3,095
|align=center|145,989
|align=center|15,565,409
|align=center|1.84%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|12 November 2020
|align=center|2,841
|align=center|—
|align=center|404,894
|align=center|46,867
|align=center|88
|align=center|11,233
|align=center|2,181
|align=center|346,794
|align=center|3,230
|align=center|148,482
|align=center|15,713,891
|align=center|1.91%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|13 November 2020
|align=center|3,045
|align=center|—
|align=center|407,939
|align=center|47,809
|align=center|93
|align=center|11,326
|align=center|2,010
|align=center|348,804
|align=center|3,356
|align=center|149,942
|align=center|15,863,833
|align=center|2.03%
|align=center|2.78%
|-
!align=center|14 November 2020
|align=center|3,116
|align=center|—
|align=center|411,055
|align=center|48,535
|align=center|92
|align=center|11,418
|align=center|2,298
|align=center|351,102
|align=center|3,423
|align=center|150,141
|align=center|16,013,974
|align=center|2.08%
|align=center|2.78%
|-
!align=center|15 November 2020
|align=center|3,223
|align=center|—
|align=center|414,278
|align=center|49,108
|align=center|89
|align=center|11,507
|align=center|2,561
|align=center|353,663
|align=center|3,439
|align=center|142,496
|align=center|16,156,470
|align=center|2.26%
|align=center|2.78%
|-
!align=center|16 November 2020
|align=center|3,316
|align=center|—
|align=center|417,594
|align=center|49,618
|align=center|94
|align=center|11,601
|align=center|2,712
|align=center|356,375
|align=center|3,610
|align=center|151,516
|align=center|16,307,986
|align=center|2.19%
|align=center|2.78%
|-
!align=center|17 November 2020
|align=center|3,819
|align=center|—
|align=center|421,413
|align=center|50,646
|align=center|103
|align=center|11,704
|align=center|2,688
|align=center|359,063
|align=center|3,657
|align=center|156,692
|align=center|16,464,678
|align=center|2.44%
|align=center|2.78%
|-
!align=center|18 November 2020
|align=center|4,215
|align=center|—
|align=center|425,628
|align=center|52,153
|align=center|116
|align=center|11,820
|align=center|2,592
|align=center|361,655
|align=center|3,742
|align=center|148,482
|align=center|15,713,891
|align=center|2.65%
|align=center|2.78%
|-
!align=center|19 November 2020
|align=center|4,542
|align=center|—
|align=center|430,170
|align=center|53,654
|align=center|123
|align=center|11,943
|align=center|2,918
|align=center|364,573
|align=center|3,850
|align=center|157,756
|align=center|16,781,245
|align=center|2.88%
|align=center|2.78%
|-
!align=center|20 November 2020
|align=center|5,103
|align=center|—
|align=center|435,273
|align=center|55,597
|align=center|141
|align=center|12,084
|align=center|3,019
|align=center|367,592
|align=center|3,990
|align=center|156,642
|align=center|16,937,887
|align=center|3.26%
|align=center|2.78%
|-
!align=center|21 November 2020
|align=center|5,532
|align=center|—
|align=center|440,805
|align=center|57,761
|align=center|135
|align=center|12219
|align=center|3,233
|align=center|370,825
|align=center|4,121
|align=center|152,214
|align=center|17,090,101
|align=center|3.63%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|22 November 2020
|align=center|6,017
|align=center|—
|align=center|446,822
|align=center|59,827
|align=center|139
|align=center|12,358
|align=center|3,812
|align=center|374,637
|align=center|4,217
|align=center|155,516
|align=center|17,245,617
|align=center|3.87%
|align=center|2.77%
|-
!align=center|23 November 2020
|align=center|6,713
|align=center|—
|align=center|453,535
|align=center|63,133
|align=center|153
|align=center|12,511
|align=center|3,254
|align=center|377,891
|align=center|4,409
|align=center|161,125
|align=center|17,406,742
|align=center|4.17%
|align=center|2.76%
|-
!align=center|24 November 2020
|align=center|7,381
|align=center|—
|align=center|460,916
|align=center|66,675
|align=center|161
|align=center|12,672
|align=center|3,678
|align=center|381,569
|align=center|4,543
|align=center|162,231
|align=center|17,568,973
|align=center|4.55%
|align=center|2.75%
|-
!align=center|25 November 2020
|align=center|6,814
|align=center|21,507
|align=center|489,237
|align=center|90,917
|align=center|168
|align=center|12,840
|align=center|3,911
|align=center|385,480
|align=center|4,641
|align=center|164,547
|align=center|17,733,520
|align=center|17.21%
|align=center|0.94%
|-
!align=center|26 November 2020
|align=center|6,876
|align=center|22,256
|align=center|518,369
|align=center|116,584
|align=center|174
|align=center|13,014
|align=center|3,291
|align=center|388,771
|align=center|4,711
|align=center|168,348
|align=center|17,901,868
|align=center|17.30%
|align=center|0.93%
|-
!align=center|27 November 2020
|align=center|6,592
|align=center|23,253
|align=center|548,214
|align=center|142,407
|align=center|177
|align=center|13,191
|align=center|3,845
|align=center|392,616
|align=center|4,816
|align=center|171,113
|align=center|18,072,981
|align=center|17.44%
|align=center|0.93%
|-
!align=center|28 November 2020
|align=center|6,714
|align=center|23,389
|align=center|578,347
|align=center|168,747
|align=center|182
|align=center|13,373
|align=center|3,611
|align=center|396,227
|align=center|4,903
|align=center|174,443
|align=center|18,247,424
|align=center|17.26%
|align=center|0.93%
|-
!align=center|29 November 2020
|align=center|6,439
|align=center|22,842
|align=center|607,628
|align=center|193,828
|align=center|185
|align=center|13,558
|align=center|4,015
|align=center|400,242
|align=center|5,011
|align=center|168,212
|align=center|18,415,636
|align=center|17.41%
|align=center|0.93%
|-
!align=center|30 November 2020
|align=center|6,514
|align=center|24,705
|align=center|638,847
|align=center|220,374
|align=center|188
|align=center|13,746
|align=center|4,485
|align=center|404,727
|align=center|5,190
|align=center|176,656
|align=center|18,592,292
|align=center|17.67%
|align=center|0.92%
|-
!align=center|1 December 2020
|align=center|6,101
|align=center|24,009
|align=center|668,957
|align=center|245,701
|align=center|190
|align=center|13,936
|align=center|4,593
|align=center|409,320
|align=center|5,303
|align=center|180,312
|align=center|18,772,604
|align=center|16.70%
|align=center|0.92%
|-
!align=center|2 December 2020
|align=center|6,690
|align=center|25,233
|align=center|700,880
|align=center|272,580
|align=center|193
|align=center|14,129
|align=center|4,821
|align=center|414,141
|align=center|5,502
|align=center|183,624
|align=center|18,956,228
|align=center|17.38%
|align=center|0.92%
|-
!align=center|3 December 2020
|align=center|6,511
|align=center|25,770
|align=center|733,261
|align=center|300,584
|align=center|187
|align=center|14,316
|align=center|4,190
|align=center|418,331
|align=center|5,611
|align=center|187,518
|align=center|19,143,746
|align=center|17.27%
|align=center|0.92%
|-
!align=center|4 December 2020
|align=center|6,903
|align=center|25,833
|align=center|765,997
|align=center|328,316
|align=center|193
|align=center|14,509
|align=center|4,811
|align=center|423,142
|align=center|5,703
|align=center|194,435
|align=center|19,338,181
|align=center|16.84%
|align=center|0.91%
|-
!align=center|5 December 2020
|align=center|6,128
|align=center|25,768
|align=center|797,893
|align=center|355,916
|align=center|196
|align=center|14,705
|align=center|4,100
|align=center|427,242
|align=center|5,800
|align=center|178,903
|align=center|19,517,084
|align=center|17.83%
|align=center|0.91%
|-
!align=center|6 December 2020
|align=center|6,093
|align=center|24,309
|align=center|828,295
|align=center|382,112
|align=center|195
|align=center|14,900
|align=center|4,011
|align=center|431,253
|align=center|5,805
|align=center|174,761
|align=center|19,691,845
|align=center|17.40%
|align=center|0.91%
|-
!align=center|7 December 2020
|align=center|6,420
|align=center|25,717
|align=center|860,432
|align=center|409,029
|align=center|203
|align=center|15,103
|align=center|5,017
|align=center|436,270
|align=center|5,836
|align=center|196,902
|align=center|19,888,747
|align=center|16.32%
|align=center|0.91%
|-
!align=center|8 December 2020
|align=center|6,593
|align=center|26,605
|align=center|893,630
|align=center|436,771
|align=center|211
|align=center|15,314
|align=center|5,245
|align=center|441,515
|align=center|5,882
|align=center|201,219
|align=center|20,089,966
|align=center|16.50%
|align=center|0.90%
|-
!align=center|9 December 2020
|align=center|6,213
|align=center|25,499
|align=center|925,342
|align=center|462,420
|align=center|217
|align=center|15,531
|align=center|5,846
|align=center|447,361
|align=center|5,901
|align=center|204,411
|align=center|20,294,377
|align=center|15.51%
|align=center|0.90%
|-
!align=center|10 December 2020
|align=center|5,918
|align=center|24,506
|align=center|1,748,567
|align=center|1,280,223
|align=center|220
|align=center|15,751
|align=center|5,232
|align=center|452,593
|align=center|5,943
|align=center|206,202
|align=center|20,500,579
|align=center|14.75%
|align=center|0.90%
|-
!align=center|11 December 2020
|align=center|5,607
|align=center|26,499
|align=center|1,780,673
|align=center|1,255,251
|align=center|226
|align=center|15,977
|align=center|5,516
|align=center|458,109
|align=center|5,952
|align=center|208,873
|align=center|20,709,452
|align=center|15.37%
|align=center|0.90%
|-
!align=center|12 December 2020
|align=center|5,203
|align=center|23,933
|align=center|1,809,809
|align=center|212,045
|align=center|222
|align=center|16,199
|align=center|20,191
|align=center|1,581,565
|align=center|5,961
|align=center|189,065
|align=center|20,898,517
|align=center|15.41%
|align=center|0.90%
|-
!align=center|13 December 2020
|align=center|5,103
|align=center|21,816
|align=center|1,836,728
|align=center|216,531
|align=center|218
|align=center|16,417
|align=center|22,215
|align=center|1,603,780
|align=center|5,973
|align=center|181,199
|align=center|21,079,716
|align=center|14.86%
|align=center|0.89%
|-
!align=center|14 December 2020
|align=center|5,064
|align=center|24,553
|align=center|1,866,345
|align=center|217,755
|align=center|229
|align=center|16,646
|align=center|28,164
|align=center|1,631,944
|align=center|5,980
|align=center|204,289
|align=center|21,284,005
|align=center|14.50%
|align=center|0.89%
|-
!align=center|15 December 2020
|align=center|5,105
|align=center|26,997
|align=center|1,898,447
|align=center|220,375
|align=center|235
|align=center|16,881
|align=center|29,247
|align=center|1,661,191
|align=center|5,988
|align=center|206,190
|align=center|21,490,195
|align=center|15.57%
|align=center|0.89%
|-
!align=center|16 December 2020
|align=center|4,893
|align=center|24,825
|align=center|1,928,165
|align=center|219,931
|align=center|240
|align=center|17,121
|align=center|29,922
|align=center|1,691,113
|align=center|5,960
|align=center|205,397
|align=center|21,695,592
|align=center|14.47%
|align=center|0.89%
|-
!align=center|17 December 2020
|align=center|4,209
|align=center|23,306
|align=center|1,955,680
|align=center|216,709
|align=center|243
|align=center|17,364
|align=center|30,494
|align=center|1,721,607
|align=center|5,803
|align=center|206,102
|align=center|21,901,694
|align=center|13.35%
|align=center|0.89%
|-
!align=center|18 December 2020
|align=center|4,103
|align=center|22,307
|align=center|1,982,090
|align=center|210,928
|align=center|246
|align=center|17,610
|align=center|31,945
|align=center|1,753,552
|align=center|5,707
|align=center|205,809
|align=center|22,107,503
|align=center|12.83%
|align=center|0.89%
|-
!align=center|19 December 2020
|align=center|4,002
|align=center|18,193
|align=center|2,004,285
|align=center|207,366
|align=center|241
|align=center|17,851
|align=center|25,516
|align=center|1,779,068
|align=center|5,501
|align=center|173,132
|align=center|22,280,635
|align=center|10.22%
|align=center|0.89%
|-
!align=center|20 December 2020
|align=center|3,546
|align=center|16,770
|align=center|2,024,601
|align=center|206,218
|align=center|246
|align=center|18,097
|align=center|21,218
|align=center|1,800,286
|align=center|5,347
|align=center|158,892
|align=center|22,439,527
|align=center|12.79%
|align=center|0.89%
|-
!align=center|21 December 2020
|align=center|3,412
|align=center|15,691
|align=center|2,043,704
|align=center|190,648
|align=center|254
|align=center|18,351
|align=center|34,419
|align=center|1,834,705
|align=center|5,192
|align=center|196,110
|align=center|22,635,637
|align=center|9.74%
|align=center|0.90%
|-
!align=center|22 December 2020
|align=center|3,309
|align=center|15,947
|align=center|2,062,960
|align=center|177,543
|align=center|251
|align=center|18,602
|align=center|32,110
|align=center|1,866,815
|align=center|5,008
|align=center|192,316
|align=center|22,827,953
|align=center|10.01%
|align=center|0.90%
|-
!align=center|23 December 2020
|align=center|3,192
|align=center|16,458
|align=center|2,082,610
|align=center|162,442
|align=center|259
|align=center|18,861
|align=center|34,492
|align=center|1,901,307
|align=center|4,901
|align=center|202,209
|align=center|23,030,162
|align=center|9.72%
|align=center|0.91%
|-
!align=center|24 December 2020
|align=center|3,218
|align=center|14,884
|align=center|2,100,712
|align=center|146,305
|align=center|254
|align=center|19,115
|align=center|33,985
|align=center|1,935,292
|align=center|4,805
|align=center|195,675
|align=center|23,225,837
|align=center|9.25%
|align=center|0.91%
|-
!align=center|25 December 2020
|align=center|3,199
|align=center|14,344
|align=center|2,118,255
|align=center|128,081
|align=center|256
|align=center|19,371
|align=center|35,511
|align=center|1,970,803
|align=center|4,702
|align=center|201,104
|align=center|23,426,941
|align=center|8.72%
|align=center|0.91%
|-
!align=center|26 December 2020
|align=center|3,002
|align=center|12,116
|align=center|2,133,373
|align=center|119,715
|align=center|253
|align=center|19,624
|align=center|23,231
|align=center|1,994,034
|align=center|4,501
|align=center|178,872
|align=center|23,605,813
|align=center|8.45%
|align=center|0.92%
|-
!align=center|27 December 2020
|align=center|2,806
|align=center|11,399
|align=center|2,147,578
|align=center|112,470
|align=center|254
|align=center|19,878
|align=center|21,196
|align=center|2,015,230
|align=center|4,309
|align=center|172,113
|align=center|23,777,926
|align=center|8.25%
|align=center|0.93%
|-
!align=center|28 December 2020
|align=center|2,816
|align=center|12,381
|align=center|2,162,775
|align=center|105,207
|align=center|257
|align=center|20,135
|align=center|22,203
|align=center|2,037,433
|align=center|4,251
|align=center|180,892
|align=center|23,958,818
|align=center|8.40%
|align=center|0.93%
|-
!align=center|29 December 2020
|align=center|2,783
|align=center|13,022
|align=center|2,178,580
|align=center|99,755
|align=center|253
|align=center|20,388
|align=center|21,004
|align=center|2,058,437
|align=center|4,191
|align=center|183,117
|align=center|24,141,935
|align=center|8.63%
|align=center|0.94%
|-
!align=center|30 December 2020
|align=center|2,612
|align=center|13,080
|align=center|2,194,272
|align=center|95,001
|align=center|254
|align=center|20,642
|align=center|20,192
|align=center|2,078,629
|align=center|4,098
|align=center|184,415
|align=center|24,326,350
|align=center|8.51%
|align=center|0.94%
|-
!align=center|31 December 2020
|align=center|2,219
|align=center|12,161
|align=center|2,208,652
|align=center|87,121
|align=center|239
|align=center|20,881
|align=center|22,021
|align=center|2,100,650
|align=center|3,918
|align=center|178,217
|align=center|24,504,567
|align=center|8.07%
|align=center|0.95%
|-
!align=center|01 January 2021
|align=center|1,908
|align=center|10,295
|align=center|2,220,855
|align=center|85,002
|align=center|212
|align=center|21,093
|align=center|14,110
|align=center|2,114,760
|align=center|3,891
|align=center|158,103
|align=center|24,662,670
|align=center|7.72%
|align=center|0.95%
|-
!align=center|02 January 2021
|align=center|1,713
|align=center|9,467
|align=center|2,232,035
|align=center|84,308
|align=center|202
|align=center|21,295
|align=center|11,672
|align=center|2,126,432
|align=center|3,764
|align=center|149,218
|align=center|24,811,888
|align=center|7.49%
|align=center|0.95%
|-
!align=center|03 January 2021
|align=center|1,515
|align=center|8,362
|align=center|2,241,912
|align=center|83,890
|align=center|193
|align=center|21,488
|align=center|10,102
|align=center|2,136,534
|align=center|3,612
|align=center|138,941
|align=center|24,950,829
|align=center|7.11%
|align=center|0.96%
|-
!align=center|04 January 2021
|align=center|1,508
|align=center|12,187
|align=center|2,255,607
|align=center|87,492
|align=center|197
|align=center|21,685
|align=center|9,896
|align=center|2,146,430
|align=center|3,522
|align=center|181,323
|align=center|25,132,152
|align=center|7.55%
|align=center|0.96%
|-
!align=center|05 January 2021
|align=center|1,477
|align=center|13,017
|align=center|2,270,101
|align=center|92,884
|align=center|194
|align=center|21,879
|align=center|8,908
|align=center|2,155,338
|align=center|3,410
|align=center|183,413
|align=center|25,315,565
|align=center|7.90%
|align=center|0.96%
|-
!align=center|06 January 2021
|align=center|1,458
|align=center|12,372
|align=center|2,283,931
|align=center|97,821
|align=center|191
|align=center|22,070
|align=center|8,702
|align=center|2,164,040
|align=center|3,303
|align=center|182,645
|align=center|25,498,210
|align=center|7.57%
|align=center|0.97%
|-
!align=center|07 January 2021
|align=center|1,370
|align=center|10,801
|align=center|2,296,102
|align=center|101,587
|align=center|194
|align=center|22,264
|align=center|8,211
|align=center|2,172,251
|align=center|3,201
|align=center|183,003
|align=center|25,681,213
|align=center|6.65%
|align=center|0.97%
|-
!align=center|08 January 2021
|align=center|1,291
|align=center|10,188
|align=center|2,307,581
|align=center|102,986
|align=center|186
|align=center|22,450
|align=center|9,894
|align=center|2,182,145
|align=center|3,094
|align=center|184,193
|align=center|25,865,406
|align=center|6.23%
|align=center|0.97%
|-
!align=center|09 January 2021
|align=center|1,103
|align=center|8,434
|align=center|2,317,118
|align=center|104,440
|align=center|181
|align=center|22,631
|align=center|7,902
|align=center|2,190,047
|align=center|2,903
|align=center|168,289
|align=center|26,033,695
|align=center|5.67%
|align=center|0.98%
|-
!align=center|10 January 2021
|align=center|1,017
|align=center|8,121
|align=center|2,326,256
|align=center|105,299
|align=center|176
|align=center|22,807
|align=center|8,103
|align=center|2,198,150
|align=center|2,811
|align=center|162,786
|align=center|26,196,481
|align=center|5.61%
|align=center|0.98%
|-
!align=center|11 January 2021
|align=center|1,003
|align=center|9,217
|align=center|2,336,476
|align=center|105,044
|align=center|174
|align=center|22,981
|align=center|10,301
|align=center|2,208,451
|align=center|2,783
|align=center|180,303
|align=center|26,376,784
|align=center|5.67%
|align=center|0.98%
|-
!align=center|12 January 2021
|align=center|983
|align=center|8,826
|align=center|2,346,285
|align=center|104,669
|align=center|171
|align=center|23,152
|align=center|10,013
|align=center|2,218,464
|align=center|2,701
|align=center|179,208
|align=center|26,555,992
|align=center|5.47%
|align=center|0.99%
|-
!align=center|13 January 2021
|align=center|971
|align=center|8,583
|align=center|2,355,839
|align=center|104,587
|align=center|173
|align=center|23,325
|align=center|9,463
|align=center|2,227,927
|align=center|2,652
|align=center|173,603
|align=center|26,729,595
|align=center|5.50%
|align=center|0.99%
|-
!align=center|14 January 2021
|align=center|958
|align=center|8,004
|align=center|2,364,801
|align=center|104,368
|align=center|170
|align=center|23,495
|align=center|9,011
|align=center|2,236,938
|align=center|2,512
|align=center|169,847
|align=center|26,899,442
|align=center|5.28%
|align=center|0.99%
|-
!align=center|15 January 2021
|align=center|921
|align=center|7,393
|align=center|2,373,115
|align=center|103,404
|align=center|169
|align=center|23,664
|align=center|9,109
|align=center|2,246,047
|align=center|2,311
|align=center|167,211
|align=center|27,066,653
|align=center|4.97%
|align=center|1.00%
|-
!align=center|16 January 2021
|align=center|902
|align=center|6,648
|align=center|2,380,665
|align=center|102,781
|align=center|168
|align=center|23,832
|align=center|8,005
|align=center|2,254,052
|align=center|2,265
|align=center|156,792
|align=center|27,223,445
|align=center|4.82%
|align=center|1.00%
|-
!align=center|17 January 2021
|align=center|803
|align=center|5,633
|align=center|2,387,101
|align=center|100,240
|align=center|165
|align=center|23,997
|align=center|8,812
|align=center|2,262,864
|align=center|2,201
|align=center|148,636
|align=center|27,372,081
|align=center|4.33%
|align=center|1.01%
|-
!align=center|18 January 2021
|align=center|749
|align=center|5,113
|align=center|2,392,963
|align=center|98,033
|align=center|164
|align=center|24,161
|align=center|7,905
|align=center|2,270,769
|align=center|2,183
|align=center|151,342
|align=center|27,523,423
|align=center|3.87%
|align=center|1.01%
|-
!align=center|19 January 2021
|align=center|761
|align=center|6,057
|align=center|2,399,781
|align=center|97,466
|align=center|167
|align=center|24,328
|align=center|7,218
|align=center|2,277,987
|align=center|2,162
|align=center|175,133
|align=center|27,698,556
|align=center|3.89%
|align=center|1.01%
|-
!align=center|20 January 2021
|align=center|752
|align=center|5,683
|align=center|2,406,216
|align=center|97,810
|align=center|159
|align=center|24,487
|align=center|5,932
|align=center|2,283,919
|align=center|2,102
|align=center|168,894
|align=center|27,867,450
|align=center|3.81%
|align=center|1.02%
|-
!align=center|21 January 2021
|align=center|743
|align=center|5,546
|align=center|2,412,505
|align=center|97,833
|align=center|153
|align=center|24,640
|align=center|6,113
|align=center|2,290,032
|align=center|2,074
|align=center|165,109
|align=center|28,032,559
|align=center|3.81%
|align=center|1.02%
|-
!align=center|22 January 2021
|align=center|734
|align=center|5,233
|align=center|2,418,472
|align=center|97,633
|align=center|149
|align=center|24,789
|align=center|6,018
|align=center|2,296,050
|align=center|2,003
|align=center|163,342
|align=center|28,195,901
|align=center|3.65%
|align=center|1.02%
|-
!align=center|23 January 2021
|align=center|723
|align=center|5,133
|align=center|2,424,328
|align=center|97,534
|align=center|144
|align=center|24,933
|align=center|5,811
|align=center|2,301,861
|align=center|1,962
|align=center|152,758
|align=center|28,348,659
|align=center|3.83%
|align=center|1.03%
|-
!align=center|24 January 2021
|align=center|684
|align=center|4,593
|align=center|2,429,605
|align=center|96,811
|align=center|140
|align=center|25,073
|align=center|5,860
|align=center|2,307,721
|align=center|1,905
|align=center|148,425
|align=center|28,497,084
|align=center|3.56%
|align=center|1.03%
|-
!align=center|25 January 2021
|align=center|671
|align=center|4,971
|align=center|2,435,247
|align=center|95,634
|align=center|137
|align=center|25,210
|align=center|6,682
|align=center|2,314,403
|align=center|1,808
|align=center|151,109
|align=center|28,648,193
|align=center|3.73%
|align=center|1.04%
|-
!align=center|26 January 2021
|align=center|681
|align=center|6,422
|align=center|2,442,350
|align=center|94,495
|align=center|134
|align=center|25,344
|align=center|8,108
|align=center|2,322,511
|align=center|1,791
|align=center|180,303
|align=center|28,828,496
|align=center|3.94%
|align=center|1.04%
|-
!align=center|27 January 2021
|align=center|675
|align=center|6,814
|align=center|2,449,839
|align=center|93,049
|align=center|132
|align=center|25,476
|align=center|8,803
|align=center|2,331,314
|align=center|1,765
|align=center|179,419
|align=center|29,007,915
|align=center|4.17%
|align=center|1.04%
|-
!align=center|28 January 2021
|align=center|670
|align=center|6,609
|align=center|2,457,118
|align=center|91,297
|align=center|129
|align=center|25,605
|align=center|8,902
|align=center|2,340,216
|align=center|1,751
|align=center|173,210
|align=center|29,181,125
|align=center|4.20%
|align=center|1.04%
|-
!align=center|29 January 2021
|align=center|664
|align=center|6,248
|align=center|2,464,030
|align=center|89,985
|align=center|131
|align=center|25,736
|align=center|8,093
|align=center|2,348,309
|align=center|1,740
|align=center|165,094
|align=center|29,346,219
|align=center|4.19%
|align=center|1.04%
|-
!align=center|30 January 2021
|align=center|658
|align=center|6,213
|align=center|2,470,901
|align=center|89,627
|align=center|129
|align=center|25,865
|align=center|7,100
|align=center|2,355,409
|align=center|1,692
|align=center|148,785
|align=center|29,495,004
|align=center|4.62%
|align=center|1.05%
|-
!align=center|31 January 2021
|align=center|641
|align=center|5,921
|align=center|2,477,463
|align=center|89,055
|align=center|128
|align=center|25,993
|align=center|7,006
|align=center|2,362,415
|align=center|1,634
|align=center|136,418
|align=center|29,631,422
|align=center|4.81%
|align=center|1.05%
|-
!align=center|01 February 2021
|align=center|636
|align=center|7,083
|align=center|2,485,182
|align=center|88,634
|align=center|124
|align=center|26,117
|align=center|8,016
|align=center|2,370,431
|align=center|1,615
|align=center|141,703
|align=center|29,773,125
|align=center|5.45%
|align=center|1.05%
|-
!align=center|02 February 2021
|align=center|630
|align=center|7,795
|align=center|2,492,977
|align=center|87,670
|align=center|120
|align=center|26,237
|align=center|8,639
|align=center|2,379,070
|align=center|1,592
|align=center|140,120
|align=center|29,913,245
|align=center|7.98%
|align=center|1.05%
|-
!align=center|03 February 2021
|align=center|632
|align=center|7,470
|align=center|2,501,079
|align=center|87,341
|align=center|117
|align=center|26,354
|align=center|8,314
|align=center|2,387,384
|align=center|1,523
|align=center|148,192
|align=center|30,061,437
|align=center|5.47%
|align=center|1.05%
|-
!align=center|04 February 2021
|align=center|627
|align=center|7,282
|align=center|2,508,988
|align=center|86,322
|align=center|113
|align=center|26,467
|align=center|8,815
|align=center|2,396,199
|align=center|1,501
|align=center|145,067
|align=center|30,206,504
|align=center|5.45%
|align=center|1.05%
|-
!align=center|05 February 2021
|align=center|620
|align=center|7,281
|align=center|2,516,889
|align=center|85,896
|align=center|110
|align=center|26,577
|align=center|8,217
|align=center|2,404,416
|align=center|1,423
|align=center|142,538
|align=center|30,349,042
|align=center|5.54%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|06 February 2021
|align=center|618
|align=center|7,279
|align=center|2,524,786
|align=center|85,596
|align=center|108
|align=center|26,685
|align=center|8,089
|align=center|2,412,505
|align=center|1,337
|align=center|137,649
|align=center|30,486,691
|align=center|5.74%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|07 February 2021
|align=center|623
|align=center|6,047
|align=center|2,531,456
|align=center|83,953
|align=center|112
|align=center|26,797
|align=center|8,201
|align=center|2,420,706
|align=center|1,317
|align=center|129,715
|align=center|30,616,406
|align=center|5.14%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|08 February 2021
|align=center|632
|align=center|7,471
|align=center|2,539,559
|align=center|83,386
|align=center|103
|align=center|26,900
|align=center|8,567
|align=center|2,429,273
|align=center|1,310
|align=center|139,378
|align=center|30,755,784
|align=center|5.81%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|09 February 2021
|align=center|659
|align=center|7,977
|align=center|2,548,195
|align=center|83,815
|align=center|98
|align=center|26,998
|align=center|8,109
|align=center|2,437,382
|align=center|1,310
|align=center|137,712
|align=center|30,893,496
|align=center|6.27%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|10 February 2021
|align=center|664
|align=center|7,978
|align=center|2,556,837
|align=center|84,459
|align=center|95
|align=center|27,093
|align=center|7,903
|align=center|2,445,285
|align=center|1,308
|align=center|135,867
|align=center|31,029,363
|align=center|6.36%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|11 February 2021
|align=center|660
|align=center|6,930
|align=center|2,564,427
|align=center|84,144
|align=center|94
|align=center|27,187
|align=center|7,811
|align=center|2,453,096
|align=center|1,256
|align=center|130,313
|align=center|31,159,676
|align=center|5.82%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|12 February 2021
|align=center|667
|align=center|7,096
|align=center|2,572,190
|align=center|83,702
|align=center|97
|align=center|27,284
|align=center|8,108
|align=center|2,461,204
|align=center|1,250
|align=center|129,630
|align=center|31,289,306
|align=center|5.99%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|13 February 2021
|align=center|671
|align=center|7,035
|align=center|2,579,896
|align=center|84,100
|align=center|93
|align=center|27,377
|align=center|7,215
|align=center|2,468,419
|align=center|1,235
|align=center|123,305
|align=center|31,412,611
|align=center|6.25%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|14 February 2021
|align=center|666
|align=center|5,621
|align=center|2,586,183
|align=center|83,383
|align=center|94
|align=center|27,471
|align=center|6,910
|align=center|2,475,329
|align=center|1,230
|align=center|104,108
|align=center|31,516,719
|align=center|6.04%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|15 February 2021
|align=center|660
|align=center|7,285
|align=center|2,594,128
|align=center|84,131
|align=center|91
|align=center|27,562
|align=center|7,106
|align=center|2,482,435
|align=center|1,232
|align=center|116,452
|align=center|31,633,171
|align=center|6.82%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|16 February 2021
|align=center|658
|align=center|7,248
|align=center|2,602,034
|align=center|84,758
|align=center|90
|align=center|27,652
|align=center|7,189
|align=center|2,489,624
|align=center|1,201
|align=center|115,794
|align=center|31,748,965
|align=center|6.83%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|17 February 2021
|align=center|649
|align=center|6,676
|align=center|2,609,359
|align=center|84,788
|align=center|86
|align=center|27,738
|align=center|7,209
|align=center|2,496,833
|align=center|1,193
|align=center|117,121
|align=center|31,866,086
|align=center|6.25%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|18 February 2021
|align=center|640
|align=center|6,601
|align=center|2,616,600
|align=center|84,729
|align=center|83
|align=center|27,821
|align=center|7,217
|align=center|2,504,050
|align=center|1,187
|align=center|115,406
|align=center|31,981,492
|align=center|6.27%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|19 February 2021
|align=center|638
|align=center|6,781
|align=center|2,624,019
|align=center|84,568
|align=center|82
|align=center|27,903
|align=center|7,498
|align=center|2,511,548
|align=center|1,185
|align=center|116,674
|align=center|32,098,166
|align=center|6.36%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|20 February 2021
|align=center|635
|align=center|7,222
|align=center|2,631,876
|align=center|85,135
|align=center|80
|align=center|27,983
|align=center|7,210
|align=center|2,518,758
|align=center|1,180
|align=center|118,911
|align=center|32,217,077
|align=center|6.61%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|21 February 2021
|align=center|601
|align=center|5,945
|align=center|2,638,422
|align=center|86,602
|align=center|77
|align=center|28,060
|align=center|5,002
|align=center|2,523,760
|align=center|1,185
|align=center|101,105
|align=center|32,318,182
|align=center|6.47%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|22 February 2021
|align=center|623
|align=center|7,481
|align=center|2,646,526
|align=center|88,938
|align=center|78
|align=center|28,138
|align=center|5,690
|align=center|2,529,450
|align=center|1,189
|align=center|118,816
|align=center|32,436,998
|align=center|6.82%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|23 February 2021
|align=center|633
|align=center|8,474
|align=center|2,655,633
|align=center|92,424
|align=center|75
|align=center|28,213
|align=center|5,546
|align=center|2,534,996
|align=center|1,185
|align=center|123,734
|align=center|32,560,732
|align=center|7.36%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|24 February 2021
|align=center|660
|align=center|8,901
|align=center|2,665,194
|align=center|96,616
|align=center|72
|align=center|28,285
|align=center|5,297
|align=center|2,540,293
|align=center|1,200
|align=center|124,015
|align=center|32,684,747
|align=center|7.71%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|25 February 2021
|align=center|658
|align=center|8,914
|align=center|2,674,766
|align=center|99,905
|align=center|73
|align=center|28,358
|align=center|6,210
|align=center|2,546,503
|align=center|1,192
|align=center|126,527
|align=center|32,811,274
|align=center|7.57%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|26 February 2021
|align=center|649
|align=center|8,556
|align=center|2,683,971
|align=center|98,754
|align=center|74
|align=center|28,432
|align=center|10,282
|align=center|2,556,785
|align=center|1,195
|align=center|128,387
|align=center|32,939,661
|align=center|7.17%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|27 February 2021
|align=center|621
|align=center|8,572
|align=center|2,693,164
|align=center|98,938
|align=center|71
|align=center|28,503
|align=center|8,938
|align=center|2,565,723
|align=center|1,187
|align=center|125,716
|align=center|33,065,377
|align=center|7.31%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|28 February 2021
|align=center|610
|align=center|7,814
|align=center|2,701,588
|align=center|100,785
|align=center|66
|align=center|28,569
|align=center|6,511
|align=center|2,572,234
|align=center|1,191
|align=center|109,639
|align=center|33,175,016
|align=center|7.68%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
!align=center|01 March 2021
|align=center|645
|align=center|9,246
|align=center|2,711,479
|align=center|104,660
|align=center|69
|align=center|28,638
|align=center|5,947
|align=center|2,578,181
|align=center|1,215
|align=center|130,536
|align=center|33,305,552
|align=center|7.58%
|align=center|1.06%
|-
! rowspan="2" | Date
!New{{efn|name=symptomatic cases|Positive results were classified as either "symptomatic" or "asymptomatic" starting on July 29, 2020. The government disclosed only "symptomatic" cases between July 29 and November 25, 2020.}}
!New{{efn|name=asymptomatic cases|Positive results were classified as either "symptomatic" or "asymptomatic" starting on July 29, 2020. The government started disclosing "asymptomatic" cases on November 25, 2020.}}
!Total
!Active{{efn|name=activecase}}
!New
!Total
!New
!Total
!Serious
!New
!Total
!Positivity
!Fatality
|-
! colspan="4" | Confirmed cases
! colspan="2" | Deaths
! colspan="2" | Recoveries
! colspan="1" | Severe cases
! colspan="2" | Number of tests
! colspan="2" | Ratios
|-
| colspan="32" style="text-align:left;" |
'''Sources:'''
*March 11-26, 2020: [[Fahrettin Koca|Minister of Health Dr. Fahrettin Koca]]'s daily [https://twitter.com/drfahrettinkoca Twitter announcements] and various news sources
*From March 27, 2020: [[Ministry of Health (Turkey)|Ministry of Health]]'s [https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/ COVID-19 website for daily bulletins]
'''Notes:'''
{{notelist}}
|}</div>
<noinclude>
{{clear}}
{{template reflist}}
{{COVID-19 pandemic}}
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey templates]]
[[Category:Templates that generate named references]]
</noinclude>

Template:Infobox custom computer/doc

2021-02-09T17:18:57Z

Tjmj: Added Image_Size and Alt parameters

{{Documentation subpage}}


This template can be used to add at-a-glance comparative information to an article on a one-of-a-kind computer.

=== Usage ===

<pre style="overflow: auto">
{{Infobox custom computer
| Image = 
| Image_Size =
| Alt =
| Caption =
| Dates =
| Sponsors =
| Operators =
| Location =
| Architecture =
| Power =
| OS =
| Space =
| Memory =
| Storage =
| Speed =
| Cost =
| ChartName =
| ChartPosition =
| ChartDate =
| Purpose =
| Legacy =
| Emulators =
| Website =
| Sources =
}}
</pre>

=== Examples ===
{{Infobox custom computer
| Name = Roadrunner
| Image = Roadrunner supercomputer HiRes.jpg
| Image_Size =
| Alt =
| Caption = Roadrunner components
| Dates = operational 2008, final completion 2009
| Sponsors = [[IBM]]
| Operators = [[National Nuclear Security Administration]]
| Location = [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]], [[United States]]
| Architecture = 12,960 IBM PowerXCell[6] 8i CPUs, 6,480 AMD Opteron dual-core processors, Linux
| Power = 2.35MW
| OS = [[Rocks Cluster Distribution]]
| Space = 296 racks, 6,000 ft² (557 m²)
| Memory = 103.6TiB
| Storage =
| Speed = 1.7 [[petaflops]] (peak)
| Cost = US$133M
| ChartName = [[TOP500]]
| ChartPosition = 1
| ChartDate = June 2008
| Purpose = nuclear materials testing, other
| Legacy = First TOPS500 [[Linpack]] sustained 1.0 petaflops, May 25, 2008
| Emulators =
| Website =
| Sources =
}}

<pre style="overflow: auto">
{{Infobox custom computer
| Image = Roadrunner supercomputer HiRes.jpg
| Image_Size =
| Alt =
| Caption = Roadrunner components
| Dates = operational 2008, final completion 2009
| Sponsors = [[IBM]]
| Operators = [[National Nuclear Security Administration]]
| Location = [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]], [[United States]]
| Architecture = 12,960 IBM PowerXCell[6] 8i CPUs, 6,480 AMD Opteron dual-core processors, Linux
| Power = 2.35MW
| OS = [[Rocks Cluster Distribution]]
| Space = 296 racks, 6,000 ft² (557 m²)
| Memory = 103.6TiB
| Storage =
| Speed = 1.7 [[petaflops]] (peak)
| Cost = US$133M
| ChartName = [[TOP500]]
| ChartPosition = 1
| ChartDate = June 2008
| Purpose = nuclear materials testing, other
| Legacy = First TOPS500 [[Linpack]] sustained 1.0 petaflops, May 25, 2008
| Emulators =
| Website =
| Sources =
}}
</pre>
<includeonly>{{Sandbox other||

[[Category:Computer hardware infobox templates|Custom computers]]
}}</includeonly>

Template:Infobox custom computer

2021-02-09T17:15:26Z

Tjmj: Added Image_Size and Alt parameters

{{ infobox
| title = {{{Name|<includeonly>{{PAGENAMEBASE}}</includeonly>}}}
| image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{Image|}}}|size={{{Image_Size|}}}|alt={{{Alt|}}}}}

| caption = {{{Caption|}}}
| label1 = Active
| data1 = {{{Dates|}}}
| label2 = Sponsors
| data2 = {{{Sponsors|}}}
| label3 = Operators
| data3 = {{{Operators|}}}
| label4 = Location
| data4 = {{{Location|}}}
| label5 = Architecture
| data5 = {{{Architecture|}}}
| label6 = Power
| data6 = {{{Power|}}}
| label7 = [[Operating system]]
| data7 = {{{operatingsystem|{{{os|{{{OS|}}} }}} }}}
| label8 = Space
| data8 = {{{Space|}}}
| label9 = Memory
| data9 = {{{Memory|}}}
| label10 = Storage
| data10 = {{{Storage|}}}
| label11 = Speed
| data11 = {{{Speed|}}}
| label12 = Cost
| data12 = {{{Cost|}}}
| label13 = Ranking
| data13 = {{{ChartName|}}}{{#if:{{{ChartPosition|}}}{{{ChartDate|}}}|{{#if:{{{ChartName|}}}|:}} {{{ChartPosition|}}}{{#if:{{{ChartDate|}}}|{{#if:{{{ChartPosition|}}}|,}} {{{ChartDate}}} }} }}
| label14 = Purpose
| data14 = {{{Purpose|}}}
| label15 = Legacy
| data15 = {{{Legacy|}}}
| label16 = Emulators
| data16 = {{{Emulators|}}}
| label17 = Web site
| data17 = {{{Website|}}}
| label18 = Sources
| data18 = {{{Sources|}}}

}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>

Template:Election box gain with party link/doc

2020-12-06T12:04:11Z

Tjmj: Remove category

#REDIRECT[[Template:Election box/doc]]

Template:Election box gain/doc

2020-12-06T12:03:51Z

Tjmj: Remove category

#REDIRECT[[Template:Election box/doc]]

Template:List of election box templates

2020-12-06T11:45:48Z

Tjmj: /* Election box gain/hold/loss etc */ Added Election box hold with party link no change

===Election box begin===

*{{tl|Election box begin}}
*{{tl|Election box begin no change}}
*{{tl|Election box begin no party}}
*{{tl|Election box begin no party no change}}
*{{tl|Election box inline begin}}
*{{tl|Election box inline begin no change}}
*{{tl|Election box open primary begin no change}}
*{{tl|Election box open primary begin no party no change}}

===Election box candidate ===
====Standard====
*{{tl|Election box candidate}}
*{{tl|Election box candidate for alliance}}
*{{tl|Election box candidate minor party}}
*{{tl|Election box candidate no party link no change}}
*{{tl|Election box candidate with party link}}
*{{tl|Election box candidate with party link coalition 1918}} - for coalition coupon candidates in 1918 UK general election.
*{{tl|Election box candidate with party link no change}}
====Winning====
*{{tl|Election box winning candidate no change}}
*{{tl|Election box winning candidate with party link}}
*{{tl|Election box winning candidate with party link no change}}

====Inline====
*{{tl|Election box inline candidate}}
*{{tl|Election box inline candidate no change}}
*{{tl|Election box inline candidate with party link}}
*{{tl|Election box inline candidate with party link no change}}
*{{tl|Election box inline incumbent}}

=== Election summary ===

For parties without an article on Wikipedia.

*{{tl|Election summary}}
*{{tl|Election summary begin}}
*{{tl|Election summary party}}

=== Election box gain/hold/loss etc ===

*{{tl|Election box gain}}
*{{tl|Election box gain with party link}}
*{{tl|Election box hold with party link}}
*{{tl|Election box hold with party link no change}}
*{{tl|Election box hold with party link no swing}}
*{{tl|Election box void}}
*{{tl|Election box new seat win}}
*{{tl|Election box new boundary win}}

=== Election box majority ===
*{{tl|Election box majority}}
*{{tl|Election box majority no change}}
*{{tl|Election box majority no party}}
*{{tl|Election box majority no party no change}}
*{{tl|Election box margin of victory}}

*{{tl|Election box metadata}}

=== Election box turnout ===

*{{tl|Election box turnout}}
*{{tl|Election box turnout no change}}
*{{tl|Election box turnout no change with votes}}
*{{tl|Election box turnout no party}}

=== Election box total and related ===
*{{tl|Election box total}}
*{{tl|Election box total ballots}}
*{{tl|Election box total no change}}
*{{tl|Election box total no change with delegates}}
*{{tl|Election box total no party}}
*{{tl|Election box total no party no change}}
*{{tl|Election box total no swing}}
*{{tl|Election box total valid}}
*{{tl|Election box total valid no change}}
*{{tl|Election box formal}}
*{{tl|Election box informal}}
*{{tl|Election box necessary}}
*{{tl|Election box necessary no change}}
*{{tl|Election box necessary no party no change}}
*{{tl|Election box registered electors}}
*{{tl|Election box rejected}}

=== Election box end ===

*{{tl|Election box inline end}}
*{{tl|Election box end}}
*{{tl|End}}

<noinclude>

===See also===
*[[:Template:Election box]]

[[Category:Election and referendum templates]]

</noinclude>

Antony Blinken

2020-12-03T12:57:29Z

Tjmj: Clean up duplicate template arguments using findargdups

{{short description|United States Secretary of State Designate}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2020}}{{Use American English|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Antony Blinken
| image = Antony Blinken.jpg
| caption = Official portrait, 2015
| office = [[United States Secretary of State]]
| status = Nominee-designate
| president = [[Joe Biden]] (elect)
| term_start = TBD
| succeeding = [[Mike Pompeo]]
| office1 = 18th [[United States Deputy Secretary of State]]
| president1 = [[Barack Obama]]
| term_start1 = January 9, 2015
| term_end1 = January 20, 2017
| predecessor1 = [[William Joseph Burns]]
| successor1 = [[John J. Sullivan (diplomat)|John Sullivan]]
| office2 = [[United States Deputy National Security Advisor]]
| president2 = [[Barack Obama]]
| term_start2 = January 20, 2013
| term_end2 = January 9, 2015
| predecessor2 = [[Denis McDonough]]
| successor2 = [[Avril Haines]]
| office3 = [[Office of the Vice President of the United States|National Security Advisor to the Vice President of the United States]]
| vicepresident3 = [[Joe Biden]]
| term_start3 = January 20, 2009
| term_end3 = January 20, 2013
| predecessor3 = [[John P. Hannah]]
| successor3 = [[Jake Sullivan]]
| birth_name = Antony John Blinken
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1962|4|16}}
| birth_place = [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S.
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Evan Ryan]]|2002}}
| education = {{plain list|1=
* [[Harvard University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|AB]])
* [[Columbia University]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]])
}}
| relations = {{plain list|1=
* [[Donald M. Blinken]] (father)
* [[Alan Blinken]] (uncle)
}}
}}
'''Antony John Blinken''' (born April 16, 1962) is an American government official and diplomat. He served as [[Deputy National Security Advisor (United States)|Deputy National Security Advisor]] from 2013 to 2015 and [[United States Deputy Secretary of State|Deputy Secretary of State]] from 2015 to 2017 under President [[Barack Obama]]. Blinken has been chosen by President-elect [[Joe Biden]] as his nominee for the position of [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]].

During the Clinton administration, Blinken served in the State Department and in senior positions on the National Security Council staff. He was also a senior fellow at the [[Center for Strategic and International Studies]] (2001–2002), Democratic Staff Director of the [[United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations]] (2002–2008), and a member of the [[Presidential transition of Barack Obama|Obama–Biden presidential transition]], active from November 2008 to January 2009. From 2009 to 2013, Blinken served as [[Deputy Assistant to the President]] and [[Office of the Vice President of the United States|National Security Advisor to the Vice President]].

In the private sector, Blinken co-founded [[WestExec Advisors]], a consulting firm. He is also a partner in a [[private equity]] firm and a member of the [[Council on Foreign Relations]], a foreign policy think tank.

==Early life and education==
Blinken was born on April 16, 1962 in New York City, New York, to [[Jews|Jewish]] parents, Judith (Frehm) and [[Donald M. Blinken]].<ref name="twp">{{cite news|last=Horowitz|first=Jason|date=September 20, 2013|title=Antony Blinken steps into the spotlight with Obama administration role|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/antony-blinken-steps-into-the-spotlight-with-obama-administration-role/2013/09/15/7484a5c0-1e20-11e3-94a2-6c66b668ea55_story.html|url-status=live|accessdate=September 28, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916033942/http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/antony-blinken-steps-into-the-spotlight-with-obama-administration-role/2013/09/15/7484a5c0-1e20-11e3-94a2-6c66b668ea55_story.html|archive-date=September 16, 2013}}</ref><ref name="JVL">{{cite web|title=Antony 'Tony' Blinken|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/blinken.html|publisher=[[Jewish Virtual Library]]|date=2013|accessdate=November 16, 2015|archive-date=November 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024905/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/blinken.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Frehm – Blinken |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/12/07/archives/frehmblinken.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=November 23, 2020 |date=December 7, 1957 |archive-date=March 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324015517/http://www.nytimes.com/1957/12/07/archives/frehmblinken.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He attended the [[Dalton School]] in New York City until 1971, when he moved to Paris, France, where he attended [[École Jeannine Manuel]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bezioua|first=Céline|title=Ecole Jeannine Manuel – Venue d'Antony Blinken à l'école|url=https://www.ecolejeanninemanuel.org/fr/news-tous/item/77-venue-d-antony-blinken-a-l-ecole.html|access-date=2020-08-08|website=www.ecolejeanninemanuel.org|language=fr-fr|archive-date=April 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420043225/http://www.ecolejeanninemanuel.org/fr/news-tous/item/77-venue-d-antony-blinken-a-l-ecole.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He moved there with his divorced mother and her new husband, attorney [[Samuel Pisar]], who had survived both the [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]] and [[Dachau concentration camp|Dachau]] camps in [[the Holocaust]].<ref name=twp /> His maternal grandparents were Hungarian Jews.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/archive/sam-and-judith-pisar-meld-the-disparate-worlds-of-cage-and-kissinger-in-their-marriage-vol-14-no-8/|title=Sam and Judith Pisar Meld the Disparate Worlds of Cage and Kissinger in Their Marriage|website=PEOPLE.com}}</ref> Blinken's uncle, [[Alan Blinken]], served as the [[US Ambassador to Belgium|United States Ambassador to Belgium]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Betsy|first=Posted by|title=Why Biden's pick for Secretary of State has a name that's familiar in Idaho politics...|url=https://www.idahopress.com/eyeonboise/why-bidens-pick-for-secretary-of-state-has-a-name-thats-familiar-in-idaho-politics/article_33e80624-4a4f-51fb-807a-0f01157befdf.html|access-date=2020-12-02|website=Idaho Press|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=News|first=A. B. C.|title=Who is Tony Blinken? Biden taps close confidante, longtime aide for secretary of state|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/tony-blinken-biden-taps-close-confidante-longtime-aide/story?id=74363232|access-date=2020-12-02|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref>

Blinken attended [[Harvard University]], where he worked on ''[[The Harvard Crimson]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/writer/6331/Anthony_J._Blinken/ |title=Anthony J. Blinken |work=The Harvard Crimson |access-date=November 22, 2020 |archive-date=December 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210203436/http://www.thecrimson.com/writer/6331/Anthony_J._Blinken/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="twp"/> and co-edited the weekly art magazine. After earning his bachelor's degree, Blinken reported for ''[[The New Republic]]''.<ref name=nj>{{cite news|last1=Sorcher|first1=Sara|title=Antony Blinken, Deputy National Security Adviser|date=2013-07-17|url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/decision-makers/security/antony-blinken-deputy-national-security-adviser-20130717|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214174259/http://www.nationaljournal.com/decision-makers/security/antony-blinken-deputy-national-security-adviser-20130717|archive-date=2015-02-14|work=[[National Journal]]}}</ref> He earned his [[Juris Doctor|J.D.]] at [[Columbia Law School]] in 1988.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2015-04-30|title=Deputy Secretary of State Antony Blinken '88 Speaks at Annual D.C. Alumni Dinner|url=https://www.law.columbia.edu/news/archive/deputy-secretary-state-antony-blinken-88-speaks-annual-dc-alumni-dinner|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918180356/https://www.law.columbia.edu/news/archive/deputy-secretary-state-antony-blinken-88-speaks-annual-dc-alumni-dinner|archive-date=September 18, 2020|access-date=2020-11-23|publisher=[[Columbia Law School]]|language=en}}</ref> After graduation, he practiced law in New York City and Paris.<ref name=nj/> During the [[1988 United States presidential election|1988 presidential campaign]], Blinken worked with his father Donald in fundraisers for [[Michael Dukakis]].<ref name=twp />

==Career==
=== Clinton and Bush administrations ===
Blinken has held senior foreign policy positions in two administrations over two decades.<ref name="twp" /> He was a member of the [[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]] (NSC) staff from 1994 to 2001.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last1=Gaouette|first1=Nicole|last2=Hansler|first2=Jennifer|last3=Atwood|first3=Kylie|title=Biden picks loyal lieutenant to lead mission to restore US reputation on world stage|date=2020-11-24|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/23/politics/blinken-biden-secstate-candidate/index.html|access-date=2020-11-26|work=[[CNN]]}}</ref> From 1994 through 1998 Blinken was Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Strategic Planning and NSC Senior Director for Speechwriting.<ref name="statedeptbio">{{Cite web|title=Antony J. Blinken|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/236057.htm|url-status=live|access-date=2020-11-26|publisher=[[United States Department of State]]}}</ref> From 1999 to 2001 he was Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for European and Canadian Affairs.<ref name=Gallucci09>{{cite book |title=Instruments and Institutions of American Purpose |last1=Gallucci |first1=Robert |author-link=Robert Gallucci |year=2009 |publisher=Aspen Institute |location=United States |isbn=9780898435016 |page=112 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T0NgQCkNwUkC&lpg=PA112 |accessdate=January 20, 2015 |archive-date=November 23, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2002, Blinken was appointed staff director for the [[United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations|Senate Foreign Relations Committee]], a position he served in until 2008.<ref name=":0" /> He was also a senior fellow at the [[Center for Strategic and International Studies]]. In 2008, Blinken worked for [[Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign|Joe Biden's presidential campaign]],<ref name=twp /> and was a member of the [[Presidential transition of Barack Obama|Obama–Biden presidential transition]] team.<ref name=LaMonica>{{cite news |title=Blinken confirmed by Senate as Kerry's deputy at State |last1=LaMonica |first1=Gabe |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/17/politics/blinken-senate-confirmation/ |publisher=CNN |date=December 17, 2014 |accessdate=February 3, 2015 |archive-date=February 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220022426/http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/17/politics/blinken-senate-confirmation/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

He supported the U.S.–led [[2003 invasion of Iraq|invasion of Iraq]] in 2003.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Glueck |first1=Katie |last2=Kaplan |first2=Thomas |title=Joe Biden's Vote for War |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/12/us/politics/joe-biden-iraq-war.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 12, 2020 |access-date=November 23, 2020 |archive-date=November 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118064050/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/12/us/politics/joe-biden-iraq-war.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Biden secretary of state pick Blinken criticized over Iraq War, consulting work |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/biden-secretary-of-state-blinken-iraq-war-criticism |work=Fox News |date=November 23, 2020 |access-date=November 23, 2020 |archive-date=November 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123173648/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/biden-secretary-of-state-blinken-iraq-war-criticism |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Obama administration ===
[[File:Obama and Biden await updates on bin Laden.jpg|thumb|Blinken, depicted in ''[[Situation Room (photograph)|Situation Room]]'', standing in blue shirt at the back of the room, during the [[Killing of Osama bin Laden|Osama Bin Laden raid]]|left]]
From 2009 to 2013, he was Deputy Assistant to the President and National Security Advisor to the Vice President. In this position he helped craft U.S. policy on [[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]], and the [[nuclear program of Iran]].<ref name=Columbia14>{{cite web |url=https://www.law.columbia.edu/news/archive/senate-confirms-antony-tony-blinken-88-deputy-secretary-state |title=Senate Confirms Antony "Tony" Blinken '88 as Secretary of State |date=December 17, 2014 |publisher=[[Columbia Law School]] |accessdate=November 26, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Sanger>{{cite news |title=Obama Makes His Choice for No. 2 Post at State Department |last=Sanger |first=David E. |author-link=David E. Sanger |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/08/world/middleeast/antony-blinken-is-obamas-choice-for-no-2-state-department-post.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 7, 2014 |accessdate=February 3, 2015 |archive-date=February 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220023847/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/08/world/middleeast/antony-blinken-is-obamas-choice-for-no-2-state-department-post.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On November 7, 2014, President Obama announced that he would nominate Blinken for the deputy secretary post, replacing the retiring [[William Joseph Burns]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Obama nominates his adviser Tony Blinken as Deputy Secretary of State|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/11/07/us-usa-politics-blinken-idUSKBN0IR2F320141107|accessdate=November 7, 2014|publisher=[[Reuters]]|archive-date=November 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108035058/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/11/07/us-usa-politics-blinken-idUSKBN0IR2F320141107|url-status=live}}</ref> On December 16, 2014, Blinken was confirmed as Deputy Secretary of State by the Senate by a vote of 55 to 38.<ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 113th Congress - 2nd Session|url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=113&session=2&vote=00362|access-date=January 8, 2019|website=senate.gov|archive-date=September 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925083221/https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=113&session=2&vote=00362|url-status=live}}</ref>

Of Obama's 2011 decision to [[Killing of Osama bin Laden|kill Osama bin Laden]], Blinken said "I've never seen a more courageous decision made by a leader".<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Mann|first1=Jim|url=https://archive.org/details/obamiansstruggle0000mann/page/313/mode/1up|title=The Obamians: The Struggle Inside the White House to Redefine American Power|date=2012|publisher=[[Viking Press]]|isbn=9780670023769|location=New York|pages=313|language=English|oclc=1150993166}}</ref> A 2013 profile described him as "[o]ne of the government's key players in drafting [[Syria–United States relations|Syria policy]]",<ref>{{cite news|last1=Horowitz|first1=Jason|date=2013-09-16|title=Tony Blinken, rising|page=C1|work=[[The Washington Post]]|id={{ProQuest|1432540846}}}}</ref> for which he served as a public face.<ref name="starturn">{{Cite news|last1=Allen|first1=Jonathan|date=2013-09-16|title=Tony Blinken's star turn|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2013/09/tony-blinkens-star-turn-096847|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828173731/https://www.politico.com/story/2013/09/tony-blinkens-star-turn-096847|archive-date=August 28, 2020|access-date=2020-11-23|work=[[Politico]]|language=en}}</ref> Blinken was influential in formulating the Obama administration's response to the [[annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation]] in the aftermath of the [[2014 Ukrainian revolution]].<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Gramer|first1=Robbie|last2=Detsch|first2=Jack|title=Biden's Secretary of State Pick Bodes Return to Normalcy for Weary Diplomats|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/11/23/biden-blinken-transition-state-department/|access-date=2020-11-25|website=[[Foreign Policy]]|language=en-US|date=2020-11-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Zeleny|first1=Jeff|last2=Merica|first2=Dan|last3=Atwood|first3=Kylie|title=Biden poised to nominate Antony Blinken as secretary of state|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/22/politics/biden-transition-antony-blinken/index.html|access-date=2020-11-25|website=[[CNN]]|date=2020-11-22}}</ref> In a speech at the [[Brookings Institution]] in June 2014, Blinken stated: "I am absolutely convinced that Russia’s actions in Ukraine are a strategic loser for Russia going into the future. ... you can say Russia “won Crimea” but in so doing it is losing and probably lost Ukraine."<ref name="Brookings">{{cite news |last1=Dews |first1=Fred |title=Antony Blinken: For Russia, Bloom Will Come Off Crimean Rose |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brookings-now/2014/06/06/antony-blinken-for-russia-bloom-will-come-off-crimean-rose/ |access-date=November 23, 2020 |work=[[Brookings Institution]] |date=June 6, 2014 |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112013618/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brookings-now/2014/06/06/antony-blinken-for-russia-bloom-will-come-off-crimean-rose/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Blinken supported the [[2011 military intervention in Libya]]<ref name="starturn" /> and the [[Timber Sycamore|supply of weapons]] to [[Syrian opposition|Syrian rebels]].<ref>{{cite news |title=W.H. defends plan to arm Syrian rebels |url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/bestoftv/2014/09/18/house-approves-aid-to-syrian-rebels-blinken-interview-newday.cnn |publisher=CNN |date=September 18, 2014 |access-date=November 23, 2020 |archive-date=October 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019115424/http://edition.cnn.com/videos/bestoftv/2014/09/18/house-approves-aid-to-syrian-rebels-blinken-interview-newday.cnn |url-status=live }}</ref> He condemned the [[2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt]] and expressed full support for the democratically elected Turkish government and its institutions.<ref>{{cite news |title=US reaction to coup bid 'may have fallen short' |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/us-reaction-to-coup-bid-may-have-fallen-short/676803 |work=Anadolu Agency |date=November 2, 2016 |access-date=November 23, 2020 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124201326/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/us-reaction-to-coup-bid-may-have-fallen-short/676803 |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2015, Blinken voiced support for the [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Yemen conflict: US boosts arms supplies for Saudi-led coalition |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32211550 |work=BBC News |date=April 7, 2015 |access-date=November 23, 2020 |archive-date=July 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702212047/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32211550 |url-status=live }}</ref> He said that "As part of that effort, we have expedited weapons deliveries, we have increased our intelligence sharing, and we have established a joint coordination planning cell in the Saudi operation centre."<ref>{{cite news |title=US steps up arms for Saudi campaign in Yemen |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/4/8/us-steps-up-arms-for-saudi-campaign-in-yemen |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=April 8, 2015 |access-date=November 23, 2020 |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113162749/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/4/8/us-steps-up-arms-for-saudi-campaign-in-yemen |url-status=live }}</ref>

Blinken worked with Biden on requests for American money to replenish [[Israel]]'s arsenal of [[Iron Dome]] interceptor missiles during the [[2014 Israel–Gaza conflict]].<ref name="timesofisrael">{{cite news |title=In tapping Blinken, Biden will be served by confidant with deep Jewish roots |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/in-tapping-blinken-biden-will-be-served-by-confidante-with-deep-jewish-roots/ |work=The Times of Israel |date=24 November 2020}}</ref>

=== Private sector ===
[[File:Deputy Secretary Blinken Meets With Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu in Jerusalem (27708990885).jpg|thumb|Blinken meets with Israeli Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] in Jerusalem on June 16, 2016]]
In 2017, Blinken co-founded [[WestExec Advisors]], a political strategy advising firm, with [[Michèle Flournoy]], Sergio Aguirre, and Nitin Chadda.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Michèle Flournoy|url=http://westexec.com/michele-flournoy/|website=WestExec Advisors|language=en|access-date=May 22, 2020|archive-date=November 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115043525/https://westexec.com/michele-flournoy/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Team|url=http://westexec.com/our-team/|publisher=WestExec Advisors|language=en|access-date=May 22, 2020|archive-date=May 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510203137/http://westexec.com/our-team/|url-status=live}}</ref> WestExec's clients have included Google's [[Jigsaw (company)|Jigsaw]], Israeli artificial-intelligence company Windward, and "''Fortune'' 100 types".<ref>{{Cite news|title=How Biden's Foreign-Policy Team Got Rich|language=en-US|work=The American Prospect|url=https://prospect.org/world/how-biden-foreign-policy-team-got-rich/|access-date=July 21, 2020|archive-date=July 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718082955/https://prospect.org/world/how-biden-foreign-policy-team-got-rich/|url-status=live}}</ref> According to ''[[Foreign Policy]]'', the firm's clientele includes "the defense industry, private equity firms, and hedge funds".<ref name="FP">{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/11/23/biden-defense-pentagon-flournoy-iraq-afghanistan-yemen/|title=Biden's Likely Defense Secretary Pick Flournoy Faces Progressive Pushback|last1=Detsch|first1=Jack|last2=Gramer|first2=Robbie}}</ref> In an interview with ''[[The Intercept]]'', Flournoy described WestExec's role as facilitating relationships between [[Silicon Valley]] firms and the [[Department of Defense]] and law enforcement;<ref name="FangIntercept">{{Cite news|last=Fang|first=Lee|author-link=Lee Fang|title=Former Obama Officials Help Silicon Valley Pitch the Pentagon for Lucrative Defense Contracts|language=en-US|work=[[The Intercept]]|url=https://theintercept.com/2018/07/22/google-westexec-pentagon-defense-contracts/|date=2018-07-22|access-date=May 22, 2020|archive-date=May 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515133817/https://theintercept.com/2018/07/22/google-westexec-pentagon-defense-contracts/|url-status=live}}</ref> Flournoy and others compared WestExec to [[Kissinger Associates]].<ref name="FangIntercept" /><ref name="ShorrockNation">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/politics/biden-trump-war-military/|title=Progressives Slam Biden's Foreign Policy Team|first1=Tim|last1=Shorrock|date=September 21, 2020|work=[[The Nation]]}}</ref>

Blinken is also a partner of [[private equity]] firm Pine Island Capital Partners,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Antony Blinken|url=https://pineislandcp.com/team/antony-blinken/|publisher=Pine Island Capital Partners|language=en-US|access-date=May 22, 2020|archive-date=August 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809124828/https://pineislandcp.com/team/antony-blinken/|url-status=live}}</ref> a strategic partner of WestExec.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Common Dreams staff|date=2020-11-28|title=The Revolving Door: Biden's National Security Nominees Want Back In After Cashing Out Of Government Service|url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2020/11/28/revolving-door-bidens-national-security-nominees-want-back-after-cashing-out|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-11-29|website=Common Dreams|language=en}}</ref> According to Pine Island's website, Blinken worked on the D.C. partners team, which works "in tandem with the investment team to source deals, conduct analyses, win bids, close transactions, and directly advise" the firm's portfolio companies.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Team|url=https://pineislandcp.com/team/|publisher=Pine Island Capital Partners|language=en-US|access-date=May 22, 2020|archive-date=August 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809134634/https://pineislandcp.com/team/|url-status=live}}</ref> Pine Island's chairman is [[John Thain]], the final chairman of [[Merrill Lynch & Co.|Merrill Lynch]] before its sale to [[Bank of America]].<ref name=":1" /> Blinken recused himself from Pine Island Capital Partners in 2020 to serve as a senior foreign policy advisor with the Biden campaign.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://prospect.org/api/content/a128af92-bcaa-11ea-aa6b-1244d5f7c7c6/|title=How Biden's Foreign-Policy Team Got Rich|first=Jonathan|last=Guyer|date=July 6, 2020|website=The American Prospect|access-date=November 11, 2020|archive-date=November 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115043520/https://prospect.org/world/how-biden-foreign-policy-team-got-rich/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Blinken is a member of the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Membership Roster |url=https://www.cfr.org/membership/roster |website=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |access-date=November 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208024844/https://www.cfr.org/membership-roster-g-k |archive-date=February 8, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2020|}}, Blinken is a global affairs analyst for [[CNN]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Antony J. Blinken|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/column/antony-j-blinken|access-date=2020-11-26|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2017|title=Tony Blinken – Spring 2017 Resident Fellow|url=http://politics.uchicago.edu/fellows-program/fellow/tony-blinken|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408171420/http://politics.uchicago.edu/fellows-program/fellow/tony-blinken|archive-date=April 8, 2017|accessdate=April 8, 2017|publisher=[[University of Chicago Institute of Politics]]}}</ref>

===Biden administration===
[[File:Deputy Secretary Blinken Meets With National League for Democracy Leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi in Naypyitaw (24402014001).jpg|thumb|Blinken with [[Aung San Suu Kyi]], [[Myanmar]]'s leader, on January 18, 2016]]
Blinken was a foreign policy advisor for Biden's [[Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign|2020 presidential campaign]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/07/11/joe-biden-tries-adapt-his-traditional-foreign-policy-new-era/|title=Opinion | Joe Biden tries to adapt his traditional foreign policy to a new era|first=Josh|last=Rogin|via=www.washingtonpost.com|access-date=September 25, 2019|archive-date=September 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925192819/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/07/11/joe-biden-tries-adapt-his-traditional-foreign-policy-new-era/|url-status=live}}</ref> On June 17, 2020, Blinken said that Biden "would not tie [[Israel–United States military relations|military assistance to Israel]] to things like [[Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank|annexation]] or other decisions by the Israeli government with which we might disagree."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dershowitz |first1=Toby |last2=Kittrie |first2=Orde |title=Biden blasts BDS: Why it matters |url=https://www.jpost.com/american-politics/biden-blasts-bds-why-it-matters-632301 |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |date=June 21, 2020 |access-date=July 16, 2020 |archive-date=July 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716054354/https://www.jpost.com/american-politics/biden-blasts-bds-why-it-matters-632301 |url-status=live }}</ref> Blinken praised the Trump administration-brokered [[Abraham Accords|normalization agreements]] between Israel and [[Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement|Bahrain]] and the [[Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement|United Arab Emirates]].<ref name="JI">{{cite news |last1=Kornbluh|first1=Jacob |title=Tony Blinken's Biden spiel |url=https://jewishinsider.com/2020/10/tony-blinkens-biden-spiel/ |work=Jewish Insider |date=October 28, 2020 |access-date=November 23, 2020 |archive-date=November 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121045004/https://jewishinsider.com/2020/10/tony-blinkens-biden-spiel/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=On Arms Sales to Dictators and the Yemen War, Progressives See a Way In With Biden |url=https://theintercept.com/2020/11/18/biden-arms-sales-yemen-war/ |work=The Intercept |date=November 18, 2020 |access-date=November 23, 2020 |archive-date=November 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122154027/https://theintercept.com/2020/11/18/biden-arms-sales-yemen-war/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On July 31, 2020, Blinken discussed the [[China–United States relations|U.S.-China relationship]] and how former Vice President Joe Biden would handle American foreign policy.<ref>{{Citation|title=Biden Wants to Engage China From 'Position of Strength': Blinken|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2020-07-31/blinken-biden-wants-to-engage-with-china-from-a-position-of-strength-video|language=en|access-date=2020-11-24|archive-date=July 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731185419/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2020-07-31/blinken-biden-wants-to-engage-with-china-from-a-position-of-strength-video|url-status=live}}</ref>

On October 28, 2020, Blinken told the ''Jewish Insider'' that a Biden administration plans to "undertake a strategic review" of the [[Saudi Arabia–United States relations|relationship between the United States and Saudi Arabia]] "to make sure that it is truly advancing our interests and is consistent with our values."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Magid|first1=Jacob|title=Top Biden foreign policy adviser 'concerned' over planned F-35 sale to UAE |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/top-biden-foreign-policy-advisor-concerned-over-planned-f-35-sale-to-uae/|work=[[The Times of Israel]] |date=October 29, 2020 |access-date=November 23, 2020 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105171905/https://www.timesofisrael.com/top-biden-foreign-policy-advisor-concerned-over-planned-f-35-sale-to-uae/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Blinken told ''JI'' that Biden administration "will continue non-nuclear" [[United States sanctions against Iran|sanctions against Iran]] "as a strong hedge against Iranian misbehavior in other areas."<ref name="JI"/> He described [[China]] as a competitor to the United States.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden to nominate Antony Blinken as US secretary of state |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/23/biden-to-nominate-antony-blinken-as-us-secretary-of-state |work=Al-Jazeera |date=November 23, 2020 |access-date=November 23, 2020 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124201243/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/23/biden-to-nominate-antony-blinken-as-us-secretary-of-state |url-status=live }}</ref> Blinken said the Trump administration helped China by "weakening American alliances, leaving a vacuum in the world for China to fill, abandoning our values and giving China a green light to trample on human rights and democracy from [[Xinjiang]] to [[Hong Kong]]".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Galloway |first1=Anthony |title=Biden's pick for the next secretary of state is Australia's choice too |url=https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/politics/federal/biden-s-pick-for-the-next-secretary-of-state-is-australia-s-choice-too-20201123-p56h5j.html |work=[[Brisbane Times]] |date=November 23, 2020 |access-date=November 23, 2020 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124201243/https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/politics/federal/biden-s-pick-for-the-next-secretary-of-state-is-australia-s-choice-too-20201123-p56h5j.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Blinken spoke of the differences Biden has with [[India]] over [[Kashmir]] and the [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019|Citizenship Amendment Act]] that critics say discriminates against [[Muslims]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Iqbal|first1=Anwar|title=Biden as president will raise Kashmir issue with India, says his adviser|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1568227|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=August 2, 2020}}</ref> He supports extending the [[New START]] arms control treaty with [[Russia]] to limit the number of [[nuclear weapon]]s deployed by both sides.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden Chooses Antony Blinken, Defender of Global Alliances, as Secretary of State |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/22/us/politics/biden-antony-blinken-secretary-of-state.html |work=The New York Times |date=November 22, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pifer |first1=Steven |title=Reviving nuclear arms control under Biden |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/12/01/reviving-nuclear-arms-control-under-biden/ |work=[[Brookings Institution]] |date=December 1, 2020}}</ref> In October 2020, the ''[[The New York Times]]'' described Blinken as "ha[ving] Biden's ear on policy issues".<ref>{{cite news|work=The New York Times|first=Thomas|last=Kaplan|date=October 30, 2020|page=A23|title=Who Has Biden's Ear on Policy Issues? A Largely Familiar Inner Circle|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/29/us/politics/joe-biden-advisers.html}}</ref>

On November 22, 2020, [[Bloomberg News]] reported that Biden had selected Blinken as his nominee for Secretary of State;<ref name="longtimeaide">{{cite news|last1=Pager|first1=Tyler|last2=Epstein|first2=Jennifer|last3=Mohsin|first3=Saleha|date=November 22, 2020|title=Biden to Name Longtime Aide Blinken as Secretary of State|work=Bloomberg News|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-23/biden-to-name-longtime-aide-blinken-as-secretary-of-state|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123163904/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-23/biden-to-name-longtime-aide-blinken-as-secretary-of-state|archive-date=November 23, 2020|access-date=November 22, 2020}}</ref> these reports were later corroborated by ''[[The New York Times]]'' and other outlets.<ref name="blinken-sos-nyt-nov-2020">{{cite web|last1=Jakes|first1=Lara|last2=Crowley|first2=Michael|last3=Sanger|first3=David E.|date=22 November 2020|title=Biden Chooses Antony Blinken, Defender of Global Alliances, as Secretary of State|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/22/us/politics/biden-antony-blinken-secretary-of-state.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123015015/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/22/us/politics/biden-antony-blinken-secretary-of-state.html|archive-date=November 23, 2020|access-date=22 November 2020|work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Herszenhorn|first1=David M.|last2=Momtaz|first2=Rym|date=2020-11-23|title=9 things to know about Antony Blinken, the next US secretary of state|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/nine-things-to-think-about-antony-blinken/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124201309/https://www.politico.eu/article/nine-things-to-think-about-antony-blinken/|archive-date=November 24, 2020|access-date=2020-11-24|website=[[Politico]]|language=en-US|ref=politico.eu Nov. 2020 European perspective}}</ref><ref name="longtimeaide" /> On November 24, 2020, upon being announced as Biden's choice for Secretary of State, Blinken stated that "[w]e can't solve all the world's problems alone" and "[w]e need to be working with other countries".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=2020-11-24|title='A cabinet that looks like America': Harris hails Biden's diverse picks|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/nov/24/joe-biden-climate-crisis-cabinet-picks-john-kerry|access-date=2020-11-24|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> [[Matt Duss]] wrote in support of Blinken's presumptive nomination as Secretary of State soon after it was announced.<ref name="sharpbreak"/>

== Political positions ==
[[File:Tony Blinken speaking upon nomination as secretary of state - 2020-11-24.ogg|thumb|Blinken speaks upon accepting his nomination as Secretary of State on November 24, 2020.]]
Blinken described [[Turkey]] as a [[NATO]] ally with which the United States will have to "find ways to work more effectively together".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mead |first1=Walter Russell |author-link=Walter Russell Mead |title=Transcript: Dialogues on American Foreign Policy and World Affairs: A Conversation with Former Deputy Secretary of State Antony Blinken |url=https://www.hudson.org/research/16210-transcript-dialogues-on-american-foreign-policy-and-world-affairs-a-conversation-with-former-deputy-secretary-of-state-antony-blinken |publisher=[[Hudson Institute]] |access-date=November 24, 2020 |date=July 9, 2020}}</ref> In 2015, he said judging between Turkey and the [[Kurds in Syria|Syrian Kurdish]] [[People's Protection Units|YPG]] was "not even a matter of discussion" since Turkey is "an important U.S. ally".<ref>{{cite news |title=How would Blinken impact U.S.-Turkey relations as secretary of state? |url=https://ahvalnews.com/turkey-us/how-would-blinken-impact-us-turkey-relations-secretary-state |work=Ahval |date=November 23, 2020}}</ref> Blinken has argued for the U.S. to "double down on support for Turkey's fight against the [[Kurdistan Workers' Party|P.K.K.]]"<ref>{{cite news |last1=Blinken |first1=Antony J. |title=To Defeat ISIS, Arm the Syrian Kurds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/31/opinion/to-defeat-isis-arm-the-syrian-kurds.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=November 24, 2020 |date=January 31, 2017}}</ref> He criticized President Trump's decision to [[American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War|withdraw U.S. troops]] from northern [[Syria]].<ref name="timesofisrael"/>

On November 19, 2020, Blinken expressed concern over reports of escalating ethnic tensions in [[Ethiopia]]'s [[Tigray Region]] and urged peaceful resolution of the [[Tigray conflict]].<ref>{{cite news|date=19 November 2020|title=WHO boss Dr Tedros denies supporting Tigray leaders|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55001328}}</ref>

Blinken has referred to [[Brexit]] as a "total mess".<ref name="sharpbreak">{{Cite news|last=Borger|first=Julian|author-link=Julian Borger|date=2020-11-23|title=Antony Blinken: Biden's secretary of state nominee is sharp break with Trump era|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/nov/23/antony-blinken-joe-biden-secretary-of-state-appointee-is-sharp-break-with-trump-era|access-date=2020-11-24|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Blinken expressed concern over continuing [[Human rights in Egypt|human rights violations]] by [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi|El-Sisi]]'s regime in [[Egypt]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dettmer |first1=Jamie |title=Egyptian Suspects in Murder of Italian Student Likely to Face In-Absentia Trial |url=https://www.voanews.com/europe/egyptian-suspects-murder-italian-student-likely-face-absentia-trial |work=[[Voice of America]] |date=November 24, 2020}}</ref> He condemned the arrest of three human rights advocates and tweeted that "Meeting with foreign diplomats is not a crime. Nor is peacefully advocating for human rights."<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden aide Blinken voices concern about rights group in Egypt |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-rights-biden/biden-aide-blinken-voices-concern-about-rights-group-in-egypt-idUSKBN2802UJ |work=Reuters |date=November 20, 2020}}</ref> Blinken characterized President Trump's [[China–United States trade war#2020|trade deal with China]] as "a debacle".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shalal|first=Andrea|date=2020-09-22|title=Biden adviser says unrealistic to 'fully decouple' from China|language=en|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://ca.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-biden-idUSKCN26D1SM|access-date=2020-11-25}}</ref> He has expressed support for "stronger economic ties with [[Taiwan]]".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Thomas|first=Ken|date=2020-11-23|title=Joe Biden Picks Antony Blinken for Secretary of State|language=en-US|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/joe-biden-picks-antony-blinken-for-secretary-of-state-11606100542|url-status=live|access-date=2020-11-26|issn=0099-9660|id={{ProQuest|2462827440}}}}</ref>

==Personal life==
In 2002, Blinken married [[Evan Ryan]] in a bi-[[denominational]] ceremony officiated by a rabbi and priest at [[Holy Trinity Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)|Holy Trinity Catholic Church]] in Washington, D.C.<ref name=":2">{{cite news|title=WEDDINGS; Evan Ryan, Antony Blinken|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/03/style/weddings-evan-ryan-antony-blinken.html|accessdate=September 28, 2013|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 3, 2002|archive-date=December 7, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207094800/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/03/style/weddings-evan-ryan-antony-blinken.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=twp /> He is fluent in [[French language|French]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sevastopulo|first=Demetri|date=23 November 2020|title=Biden's 'alter ego' Antony Blinken tipped for top foreign policy job|url=https://www.ft.com/content/99dc4c74-4292-4e34-b66a-82857918d151|url-status=live|website=Financial Times|access-date=November 23, 2020|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124201305/https://www.ft.com/content/99dc4c74-4292-4e34-b66a-82857918d151}}</ref> He plays guitar and has two songs available on [[Spotify]] by the alias ABlinken.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shaffer|first=Claire|date=2020-11-23|title=Yes, Biden's Secretary of State Hopeful Antony Blinken Has a Band|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/biden-antony-blinken-secretary-of-state-band-1094059/|url-status=live|website=Rolling Stone|language=en-US|access-date=November 23, 2020|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124201319/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/biden-antony-blinken-secretary-of-state-band-1094059/}}</ref> Blinken is [[Jewish]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Kaplan|first1=Allison|title=Long-time Biden aide Blinken most likely choice for secretary of state|url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/long-time-biden-aide-blinken-most-likely-choice-for-secretary-of-state-1.9323435|date=2020-11-22|access-date=2020-11-24|work=[[Haaretz]]|language=en|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124201322/https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/long-time-biden-aide-blinken-most-likely-choice-for-secretary-of-state-1.9323435|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Publications==
*{{Cite book|last1=Blinken|first1=Antony J.|title=Ally versus Ally: America, Europe, and the Siberian Pipeline Crisis|year=1987|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Praeger]]|isbn=0-275-92410-6|location=New York|oclc=14359172}}<ref name=twp />
*{{Cite journal|last=Blinken|first=Antony J.|date=2001|title=The False Crisis Over the Atlantic|journal=[[Foreign Affairs]]|language=en|volume=80|issue=3|pages=35–48|doi=10.2307/20050149|jstor=20050149}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Blinken|first=Antony J.|date=June 2002|title=Winning the War of Ideas|journal=[[The Washington Quarterly]]|language=en|volume=25|issue=2|pages=101–114|doi=10.1162/01636600252820162|s2cid=154183240|issn=0163-660X}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Blinken|first=Antony J.|date=December 2003|title=From Preemption to Engagement|journal=[[Survival (journal)|Survival]]|language=en|volume=45|issue=4|pages=33–60|doi=10.1080/00396330312331343576|s2cid=154077314|issn=0039-6338}}
*{{Cite news|last=Blinken|first=Antony J.|date=2017-07-09|title=The Islamic State Is Not Dead Yet|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/09/opinion/islamic-state-mosul-iraq-strategy.html|access-date=2020-11-23|issn=0362-4331}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/236057.htm Official bio (archived)]
*{{C-SPAN|antonyblinken|Antony Blinken}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef|before=[[John P. Hannah]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Office of the Vice President of the United States|National Security Advisor to the Vice President of the United States]]|years=2009–2013}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Jake Sullivan]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Denis McDonough]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[United States Deputy National Security Advisor]]|years=2013–2015}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Avril Haines]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[William Joseph Burns]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[United States Deputy Secretary of State]]|years=2015–2017}}
{{s-aft|after=[[John J. Sullivan (diplomat)|John Sullivan]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{USDeputySecretaryofState}}
{{Obama Administration personnel}}
{{Biden Vice Presidential staff|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Blinken, Tony}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:American diplomats]]
[[Category:American Jews]]
[[Category:Biden administration cabinet members]]
[[Category:Blinken family]]
[[Category:Columbia Law School alumni]]
[[Category:Dalton School alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard College alumni]]
[[Category:The Harvard Crimson people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:New York (state) Democrats]]
[[Category:Obama administration personnel]]
[[Category:Politicians from New York City]]
[[Category:United States Deputy Secretaries of State]]
[[Category:United States Deputy National Security Advisors]]